The tUCN Species Survival Commission
1996 lUCN Red List of
Threatened
Animals
Compiled and Edited by
Jonathan Baillie and
Brian Groombridge
The Worid Conseivation Union
© 1996 International Union for Conservation ot Nature and Natural Resources
Reproduction of this publication for educational and otfier non-commercial purposes is authorized without
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Citation: lUCN 1996. 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. lUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
ISBN 2-8317-0335-2
Co-published by lUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge U.K., and Conservation International,
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Cover photo: Radiated tortoise, Geochelone radiata (Jolin L. Behler).
The lUCN Species Survival Commission
1996 lUCN Red List of
Threatened
Animals
Compiled and Edited by
Jonathan Baillie and Brian Groombridge
with the assistance of
Mariano Gimenez Dixon, Angela Barden,
Neil Cox, Belinda Gray, Simon Stuart,
Martin Sneary, Timothy Johnson, Julie Reay,
Elizabeth McCance, and Georgina Mace
in association with experts in the
lUCN Species Survival Commission,
World Conservation Monitoring Centre,
and BirdLife International
Guest Essays hy
Ulf Gardenfors
Alison Stattersfield
Foreword by
George Rabb
lUCN >n ^
The Worid Conservation Union species Survival Commission Conservation international
WORLD CONSERVATION
MONITORING CENTRE Sidiamu of Oman Chicago Zoological Socii;ly
4mc ^•^
BirdLife NaYweJl^ English
WWF ""^^fr'o"^ c^sfn-flHCv NATURE
■''^M
Contributions to the lUCN/Species Survival Commission
and the 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals
The Species Survival Commission gratefully recognizes
its extensive network of volunteers who make production
of the lUCN Red List possible. Those individuals who
have contributed time and expertise are listed in the
Acknowledgements. SSC also wishes to acknowledge
those donors whose major financial contributions support
a wide variety of SSC activities, as well as development
and publication of the lUCN Red List.
The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott
lUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports
Action Plan development and implementation; to date,
more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to
Specialist Groups. As a result, the Action Plan Program
has progressed at an accelerated level and the network
has grown and matured significantly. The SSC is grate-
ful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and
support for species conservation worldwide.
The Chicago Zoological Society (CZS) provides signif-
icant in-kind and cash support to the SSC, including
grants for special projects, editorial and design services,
staff secondments, and related support services. The
President of CZS and Director of Brookfield Zoo,
George B. Rabb, serves as the volunteer Chair of the
SSC. The mission of CZS is to help people develop a
sustainable and harmonious relationship with nature.
The Zoo carries out its mission by informing and inspir-
ing 2,000,000 annual visitors, serving as a refuge for
species threatened with extinction, developing scientific
approaches to manage species successfully in zoos and
the wild, and working with other zoos, agencies, and
protected areas around the world to conserve habitats
and wildlife.
The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) makes a sig-
nificant annual contribution to the SSC Conservation
Communications Fund, in addition to grants for in situ
conservation coordinated by the SSC. NWF is the largest
non-governmental, non-profit conservation education
and advocacy organization in the United States. NWF's
emphasis is on helping individuals and organizations of
all cultures, in the United States and abroad, to conserve
wildlife and other natural resources and to protect the
earth's environment to assure a peaceful, equitable, and
sustainable future.
The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan, has
awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade
Program and Conservation Communications Program.
This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable
technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well
as to the larger global conservation community. Among
other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters
concerning the designation and management of nature
reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, con-
servation of natural landscapes, coordination of law
enforcement efforts, as well as promotion of conserva-
tion education, research, and international cooperation.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides
significant annual operating support to the SSC. WWF's
contribution supports the SSC"s minimal infrastructure
and helps ensure that the voluntary network and
Publications Program are adequately supported. WWF
aims to conserve nature and ecological processes by: ( I )
preserving genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity; (2)
ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is
sustainable both now and in the longer term; and (3) pro-
moting actions to reduce pollution and the wasteful
exploitation and consumption of resources and energy.
WWF is one of the world's largest independent conser-
vation organizations, with a network of National Organi-
zations and Associates around the world and more than
5.2 million regular supporters. WWF continues to be
known as World Wildlife Fund in Canada and in the
United States of America.
Intro 2
The following organizations also played an important
role in relation to the lUCN Red List:
Publication of the 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened
Animals was made possible by lUCN/SSC's co-publish-
ing partner Conservation International (CI). CI secured
funds for the Red List production, including a generous
grant from the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation
(US) and supported publication and distribution of the
publication. CI helps people improve their standard of
living while conserving their valuable natural resources.
CI develops and promotes models to conserve ecological
"hotspots," threatened rain forests, and other ecosystems
in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. To ensure lasting
solutions to conservation challenges, these models inte-
grate economic, cultural, and ecological factors, and are
designed to strengthen local capacity for conservation.
The World Conservation Monitoring Centre
(WCMC) is SSC's data management partner, and man-
ages the database from which the lUCN Red List is gen-
erated, and has provided much of the information for
this edition. WCMC, based in Cambridge, UK, is a joint-
venture between the three partners in the World
Consenation Strategy, and its successor. Caring for the
Earth: lUCN, UNEP (the United Nations Environment
Programme), and WWF. WCMC provides information
services on the conservation and sustainable use of
species and ecosystems and supports others in the devel-
opment of their own information systems.
BirdLife International compiles and maintains the bird
component of the lUCN Red List. BirdLife is a world-
wide partnership of conservation organizations that seeks
to conserve all wild bird species and their habitats.
Through this. BirdLife helps protect the world's biolog-
ical diversity and supports the sustainable use by humans
of the world's natural resources. BirdLife is a national
force in 58 countries around the world and represented in
a further 26 nations.
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) supplied data for
many of the North American species included in the
lUCN Red List. TNC is an international non-govern-
mental organization whose mission is to preserve
the plants, animals, and ecological communities that
represent the diversity of life on Earth. With more than
800,000 members, the Conservancy owns and manages
over 1,600 preserves, the largest private system of nature
sanctuaries in the world. Internationally, the Conserv-
ancy works to support in-country organizations and
agencies that share its focus on the protection of biologi-
cal diversity. The Conservancy has also helped estab-
lish a network of Natural Heritage Programs and
Conservation Data Centers, based in state and national
agencies and private organizations throughout the United
States, Canada, and Latin America.
Intro 3
Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in 2010 witii funding from
UNEP-WCIVIC, Cambridge
http://www.archive.org/details/1996iucnredlisto96bail
Contents
Page
Foreword
George B. Rabb Intro 6
Acknowledgements Intro 7
Introduction Intro 10
Organization of Information Intro 12
Information Sources and Quality Intro 15
The New lUCN Categories
and Criteria Intro 17
Analysis
Jonathan Baillie Intro 24
References Intro 42
Data Tables
Table 1. Status Category Summary
for all Classes and Orders Intro 44
Table 2. Status Category Summary
by Major Taxonomic Group Intro 50
Table 3. Threatened Species: Country
Totals by Taxonomic Group Intro 5 1
Table 4. Extinct, Threatened and
Other Species; Country Totals by
Status Category Intro 57
Page
Guest Essays
Application of lUCN Red List
Categories on a Regional Scale
UlfGdrdenfors Intro 63
Applying the New lUCN
Threatened Species Categories
Alison Stattersfield Intro 67
The 1996 lUCN Red List of
Threatened Animals
Index to Classes 1
List 1. Threatened Species 3
List 2. Lower Risk: conservation dependent . . .129
List 3. Lower Risk: near threatened 135
List 4. Extinct and Extinct in the Wild 177
List 5. Data Deficient 193
List 6. Subspecies and Populations 219
List 7. Taxa Removed from the
1996 Red List 241
Index 257
Annex
Key to Sources Annex 1
rUCN Red List Categories Annex 3
Intro 5
Foreword
The Red List of Threatened Animals is a warning flag,
signalling for global attention to the perilous status of
many species. In its approach, this Red List is different
from all its predecessors and the existing Red Data
books. It employs a more rigorous system for assessing
degree of threat of extinction, a system reflecting cur-
rent knowledge in population biology in relation to con-
servation concerns. This more objective approach should
help focus attention on the causative factors behind the
diminished geographic ranges, declining populations,
and small numbers that characterize endangerment in
many species.
The Red List is incomplete because of our ignorance
of the vast majority of life forms on the planet, most of
them invertebrates and other microfauna. Nevertheless,
the status of the larger species covered by the Red List
is indicative of the circumstances for many smaller
species that occupy the same environments as the larger
species. In this connection, a notable achievement in
preparation of this edition of the Red List was review of
all species of mammals. Thanks to this work and to the
prior work of BirdLife International, two classes of ver-
tebrates have now been assessed. It is of significance
for conservation planning and action that the less vagile
group, the mammals, has proportionately more species at
risk of extinction than the birds.
The observations above reflect very considerable
accomplishments. First, the development of the new sys-
tem for categorizing threats was a formidable task. Led
by Georgina Mace, the effort involved hundreds of con-
sultations and much debate over several years before
there was a product suitable for adoption by lUCN-The
World Conservation Union. The conservation commu-
nity is truly indebted to Dr. Mace and her many collabo-
rators for their work.
Second, the application of the new system to species
on prior lists and to other species was also a daunting
undertaking. Many Specialist Groups of the Species
Survival Commission and BirdLife International carried
out this work. Jonathan Baillie gave crucial attention to
coordination and instruction of this work, and his service
deserves the gratitude of conservationists everywhere.
Most conservation actions are carried out in national
contexts, and going forward, the new approach to cate-
gorizing conservation status needs to be adapted for use
at the national level. The lUCN is encouraging the
development of National Biodiversity Conservation
Groups, and it is important that they be suitably equipped
with cogent information in directing their efforts to effect
conservation of endemic species.
As biological gauges of endangerment, the Red Lists
of species should be considered as calls for attention to
causal factors. The causes of endangerment range from
habitat destruction and overharvesting to pollution and
introduction of invasive species. Thoroughgoing review
of the Red List in relation to these proximate causes may
help focus relevant research, education, training, and pol-
icy development within the lUCN networks and the con-
servation community generally. In turn, such work can
inform and inspire appropriate governmental and social
actions to stem the loss of biological diversity illustrated
so explicitly by this Red List. Looking ahead, such
responsiveness will be obligatory if we are to deal at all
adequately with global change phenomena that are
impacting the long term survival prospects for ecosys-
tems and their distinctive complements of species.
George B. Rabb
SSC Chair
Intro 6
Acknowledgements
The assistance of many people has been essential during
the compilation of the 1996 lUCN Red List. In particu-
lar, we must acknowledge the many SSC Specialist
Group chairs and other members, and the many other
field scientists, who have provided data and opinions for
this revision, usually in addition to already heavy work-
loads. We hope that we have not overlooked anyone in
the list below, and trust that those who have made espe-
cially valuable contributions will not object to our alpha-
betical sequence.
Razeem Mazaln Abdullah, Alberto Abreu Grobois,
M. Farid Absan, Arturo Acero, Donat Agosti, Alex
Aguilar, Gustavo Aguirre, A. Alberts. G. Allen, Patricia
Almada-Villela, R. Alonso, Giovanni Amori, Claes
Andren, Christopher Andrews, Douglas Armstrong, Visit
Arsaithamkul, Syoziro Asahina, Jose Marcio Ayres,
Baccio Baccetti. Gary Backhouse, Robin Baird, John
Baker, George Balazs, Michael Balke, Harvey Ballard
Jr., Emilio Balleto, John Bannister. K.R. Beaman, Simon
Bearder, John Behler, Denton Belk, Ben Bell. Diana
Bell, Charles Bellamy, John Benzie, Ibrahim Beran,
Kristin Berry, Vladimir Beshkov, Peter Best, Roger
Bills, David Bilton. Zainuddin Bin Awang Lela. Vadim
Birstein, Karen Bjorndal. D. Blair. Charles Blanch.
William Bleisch, Quentin Bloxam, A.E. Bogan, Ramesh
Boonratana. Eric Born, Philippe Bouchet, Ian Boyd,
William Branch, Douglas Brandon-Jones. Matthew
Braunwalder, Amie Brautigam, M. Breuil, Warren Y.
Brockelman, Daniel Brooks, Martin Brooks, D.S.
Brown, Robert Brownell, B. Bruce, Andrew Burbridge,
Kurt Bushlmann, James Buskirk, Tom Butynski, Nora
Bynum, Des Callaghan, Ruben Callo, Merry Camhi,
Claudio Campagna, Domingo Canales-Epinosa, John
Cann, Emily Capuli, Eduardo Carrillo, C.M.S. Carring-
ton, R.L. Carter, Stephen Casey, Fernando Cervantes,
Anwaruddin Choudhury, Peter Christie. Ruth Chunge,
Tim Clancy, D. Clark, Harold Cogger, Adelmar
Coimbra-Filho, James Cokendolpher, G. Cole, Cristino
CoUado, David E. Collins, L. Compagno, Luis Contreras.
Salvador Contreras-Balderas, J. Conyers, S. Cook, Justin
Cooke, Peter Copley, Keith Corbett, Liliana Cortes-
Ortiz, R. von Cosel, Jackie Courtenay, John Coventry, R.
Cowie, Colin Craig, Keith Crandall. Enrique Crespo,
Deborah Grouse, Neil Cumberlidge, Claudio Cunazza.
Indraneil Das, Charles Daugherty, G.S. Davis, Steve
Dawson, Mark Day, Flavio de Barros Molina, Gustavo
de Fonseca, Gerrit De Graaff, Idsen de Gusmao Camara,
Daniel de Lamo, Roberto de Rocha e Silva, Thomas
Defler, Bernard Devaux, Chris Dickinan, H.K. Divekar,
Marydele Donnelly, Iain Douglas-Hamilton. Craig
Downer, Holly Dublin, Henri J. Dumont, Patrick
Duncan, J. Dutton, Rod East, Harald Ehmann, Lucius
Eldredge, Mark Eldridge, Keith Eltringham, K.C.
Emberton, Sebastian Endrody-Younga, Carl Ernst,
Joseph Erwin, Ardith A. Eudey, G. Evans, Michael
Ewert, Neil Fairall, Garry Fellers. Christopher Field, Y.
Finet, J. F. Fitzpatrick Jr., Tim Flannery, John Flux, Jack
Fooden, Thomas Foose, Koyla Formozov, Nikolai
Formozov, Garth Foster, Chuck Fowler, Sarah Fowler,
Nat Frazer, A. Frias-Martin, Tony Friend. Agustin
Fuentes, Liza Gadsby, Anh Galat, Gerard Galat,
Nicholas Gales, Ray Gambell, Usha Ganguli-
Lachungpa, S.K. Gangwere, Marion Garai, Gerald
Gamer, Dave Garshelis, Steve Gartlan, A. Gasgoigne,
Annie Gautier-Hion, Anthony Gent, Sarah George,
Arthur Georges, G. Gerber, Stella Giannoni, R. Gibson,
Huw Giffiths, Joshua Ginsberg, Spartaco Gippoliti,
Angela Glatston, Natalie Goodall, N. Goodyear, Suren-
dra Goyal, Michael Green, Penelope Greenslade,
Michael Griffin, O. Griffiths, Kurt Grossenbacher, Colin
P. Groves, Kunkun Jaka Gurmaya, M. Haase, Celio
Haddad, M. Hadfield, L. Hadway, David Hafner,
Heather Hall, Matti Hamalainen, Michelle Hamer, Sandy
Harcourt, James Harding, John Hare, Tero Harkonen,
David Harrison, John Harwood, Julie Hawkins, W.K.
Hayes, Sun Hean, Larry Heaney, Simon Hedges, Mads
Peter Htide-Jorgensen, Joel Heinen, Eero Helle, J.
Heller, R. Henderson, Lars Hendrich. Martin Henzl,
Alejandro Hernandez- Yasez, David Hill, Craig Hilton-
Taylor, Rod Hitchmough, Horton Hobbs III, Domingo
Hoces, John Holsinger, Paul Horner, J. Horrocks, M.
Hounsome, Darryl Houston, Chia Chi Hsiung, Elodie
Hudson, Gene Huntsman, Mark Hutchinson, Anthony
Hutson, M. Ibanez, Thomas Illiffe, Amar Inamdar,
Prayuth Intarapanich, Augustin Iriarte W, John Iverson,
Nina G. Jablonski. Dale Jackson, Peter D. Jackson, Peter
F.R. Jackson, Peter Jarman, Thomas Jefferson, Raymond
Jezerinac, Xing-Bao Jin, Andrew Johns, Chris Johnson,
Ken Johnson. Naris Kaewsalabnil, Zhou Kaiya, Sumate
Kamolnorranath, Kadzo Kangwana, Toshio Kasuya,
Hidehiro Kato, Todd Katzner, Les Kaufman, V. Kessner,
Le Vu Khoi. Catri Khoohathapharak, Bastiaan Kiauta,
R.N. Kilburn, Steven Kingswood, Margaret Kinnaird,
Carl Kinze, R. Craig Kirkpatrick, Devra Kleiman, David
Klein, Hans Klingel, Ann K. Kohihaas, Wichit Kongk-
ham, Karen Kool, Adriaan Kortlandt, Zoltan Korzos,
Maurice Kottelat, Gerald Kuchling, Ajith Kumar, Padma
Kumari de Silva, Frank Kurczewski, Sergius Kuzmin,
Intro 7
Michael Lambert. Ernst Lang, Tom Langton, P. Last,
Andrew Laurie, David Lavigne, Richard Laws, Kevin
Lazarus, James Lazell. Nigel Leader-Williams, Steve
Leatherwood, Anthony Lee, Phyllis Lee, Charlie
Leelasiri. Lynn Lefebvre, Jean-Marc Lernould, Jean
Lescure, Sanan Liangpaiboon, Colin Limpus, Malan
Lindeque, Bounchanh Liphoung, Lois K. Lippold,
Miguel Lizana, Michael Lock, Chainarong Lohachit,
Paul Loiselle, Lloyd Lowry, Geoff Lundie-Jenkins, Dan
Lunney, Yiqing Ma, Alistair MacDonald, David Mac-
donald, Angelo Machado, Akihiro Mae, Alejandro
Maeda-Martinez. Bruce Male. David Mallon, M.C.D.
Mansur, Neca Marcovaldi, Dimitris Margaritoulis. A.L.
Markezich, Miriam Marmontel, Helene Marsh, Keen
Martens, Roderic Mast, Larry Master, Yolanda Matam-
oros, Sharon Matola, Stephanie Maxwell, Mary June
Maypa, Don McAllister, Kelly McAllister, Elizabeth
McCance, Andrew McCarthy, William McCord, Keith
McDonald, R.M. McDowall, Roger McManus, David
Mech, Marcus Meier, Peter Menkhorst, Anne Meylan,
Peter Meylan, Simon Mickleburgh, Phil Miller, Gus
Mills, Joe Mitchell, Joseph Mitchell, Russell Mitter-
meier, Patricia Moehlman, Don Moll, Edward Moll,
Maggie Moonie-Seus, Jim Moore, Norman Moore,
Daniel Morris. Keith Morris, Jeanne Mortimer, Cynthia
Moss, Johanna Motta-Gill, Teresa MuUiken, Graziella
Mura, Jack Musick, M. Mylonas, Tilo Nadler, F. Naggs,
Bernabas Nagy, D. Nellis, Gertrud Neumann-Denzau.
T.R. New, Don Newman, Carsten Niemitz, Goran
Nilson, Toshisada Nishida, Steve Njumbe, Peter
Novellie, Kristin Nowell, Eduardo Nunez, Felix Nunez,
Ann Oakenfull, John F. Gates, R.A. Odum. Ricardo
Ojeda, Maria Elisa Oliveira, William Oliver, Robert
Olivier, Thawom Orasoon, J. Ottenwalder, Su Su Oung,
S. Palazzi, Buntawan Pamoke, Felipe Pascual, Dennis
Paulson, Junaidi Payne, Paul Pearce-Kelly, David
Pearson, Oliver Pearson, A. Perera, A.M. Perez, William
Perrin, R. Pethiyagoda, Georgi Petrov Peshev, Bernie
Peyton, William Pflieger. Richard Podloucky, Cathryn
Poff. B. Pokryseko, W. Ponder. Ishwar Prakash,
Theerapat Prayurasiddhi. R.C. Preece, Peter Pritchard,
Zdzislaw Pucek, Silvia Puig, Andre Punt, Paul Racey,
David Ragge, Graeme Ramsay, Nipai Rattanapan,
Nancy Rayner, Bruce Read. James Reddell. Kent
Redford, Randall Reeves, Janet Reid, Peter Reijnders,
Dave Charles Rentz, Julio Reyes, Vernon Reynolds,
Anders Rhodin, Ignacio Ribera. Enrique Richard, Philip
Richardson, T. Ripkin, Galium Roberts, Phillip Robin-
son, Terence Robinson, Henry Robinson, Ernesto
Rodriguez-Luna, Francisco Romero, Fernando Rosas,
James Perran Ross, B. Roth, Rob Roughley, David
Rounsevell, Richard Rowe, Mary Rowen, Roger Roy.
Anthony Rylands, Sergio Saba, Jordi Sabater-Pi, Yvonne
Sadovy, Carl Safina, David Saltz, Michael Samways,
Kanchai Sanwong, Daniel Sarasqueta, Carel P. Van
Schaik, P.J. Schembri. Mitchel Schiewe, Duane Schlitter,
Eberhard Schmidt, Frederick Schueller. Helga Schulze,
Norman Scott, Mary Barbara Seddon, John Seebeck,
Michael Seidel, Michael Sergeev, Lester Seri, Juan
Carlos Serio-Silva, Chris Servheen, David Shackleton,
Nita Shah, Peter Shaughnessy, Glenn Shea, Greg
Sherley, Jeff Short, Johann Sigurjonsson, Claudio
Sillero-Zubiri, Gilberto Silva-Lopez, Marcus Simons,
Apidet Singhaseni, Tero Sipilla, Paul Skelton, Boris
Sket, S. Slack-Smith, Elisabeth Slooten, Andrew Smith,
Brian Smith, Laurie Smith. Jack Sobel, A. Solem,
Ramon Soriguer, Nicolas Soto, Zandi Spuris, Sompoad
Srikosamatara, J. Stanisic, F. Starmiihlner, J. Steffek,
Sally Stephens, Melanie Stiassny, Ian Stirling, David
Stone, Gregory Stone, Karen Strier, Anton Stumpel,
Franz Suchentrunk, Ken Sugimura, Vivake Sukead,
Channarong Sukthon, Raman Sukumar, Yant Sukwonge,
Sidney W. Sunkle, Jatna Supriatna, P. Tattersfield,
Christopher Taylor, Mitchell Taylor, Ricky Taylor,
Andrei Tchabovsky, Geza Teleki, Jo Thompson, Paul
Thompson, John Thorbjamarson, Apichart Tirawatana,
P. Tolson, K. Tomiyania, David Towns, Fritz Trillmich,
Wancahi Tunwattana, Caroline Tutin, B. K. Tyagi,
Michael Tyler, Martin Tyson, Shun-Ichi Ueno, Yuji
Uozumi, Yongchai Utara, Claudio Valladares-Padua,
Victor Valverde, Erik van der Straeten, Peter Paul van
Dijk, Nico van Strien, Jan van Tol, Dick Vane-Wright,
R. Varman. Alejandro Velazquez, Fernando Videla,
Bibiana Vila, Maria Lilian Villalba. Amanda Vincent,
Valeriy Vladimirov. Richard Vogt, Rob Wager, H. Wai,
Simon Wakefield, Sawai Wanghongsa, Melvin Warren
Jr., Robert Webb, Vern Weitzel, Susan Wells, Christen
Wemmer, Tony Whitaker, Anthony Whitten, Ian Whyte,
Wisid Wichasilpa, Mary Wicksten, T. Wiewandt,
Oystein Wiig, Stuart Williams, Liz Williamson, Khin
Than Win, D. Wingate, A.J. de Winter, John Winter,
Roland Wirth, John Woinarski, Grace Wong-Reyes,
Elizabeth Wood, Charles Woods, Jack Woody, Pat
WooUey, Richard Wrangham, W. Wuster, Nuan Thong
Xavonxay, Zhang Yongzu, Waltraut Zimmermann, G.
Zorzi. George Zug, Gabriel Zunino, and C.G. van Zyll
de Jong.
Although it is always dangerous to draw attention to
particular names from such a list, special mention must
be made of the extraordinary effort made by the SSC
Mollusc Specialist Group, under the leadership of Mary
Seddon and Philippe Bouchet, which evaluated a huge
number of species for inclusion in the 7996 lUCN Red
List ofTlveatened Animals.
The data on birds are taken from BirdLife Inter-
national's 1994 publication Birds to Watch 2, which is
Intro 8
the official source for birds on the lUCN Red List. We
would like to thank Nigel Collar and Alison Stattersfield
for their assistance in making the bird data available.
Data for a number of species of North American rep-
tiles, amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates are gener-
ously provided by the Nature Conservancy, and we thank
Bruce Stein and Jeff Lerner for their help. Data on
marine fishes were provided through a workshop sup-
ported by the Institute of Zoology (UK) and the World
Wide Fund for Nature, and special thanks are due to
Elodie Hudson, Georgina Mace, and Mike Sutton for
making this possible. Additional thanks goes to Maurice
Kottelat for his advice on Eurasian fishes. We also
would like to thank Flora and Fauna International for
supporting Simon Mickleburgh and Mark Day in their
contributions to the Red List.
Particular thanks are due to Ulf Gardenfors and Alison
Stattersfield for writing the Guest Essays. Ulfs essay
introduces the process that has now started to develop
guidelines for the application of the new lUCN Red List
categories at regional and national levels. Alison's essay
highlights some of the lessons learned in using the new
categories in the compilation of Birds to Watch 2.
Particular mention must be made of the extraordinary
amount of work undertaken by the World Conservation
Monitoring Centre in support of the 1996 lUCN Red List
of Threatened Animals. Research, fact-checking, and
data entry were carried out by Angela Barden, Neil Cox,
and Belinda Gray. Electronic data merges were under-
taken by Martin Sneary, who also designed and imple-
mented changes to the database, and produced output
files for data tables and taxonomic lists. Julie Reay super-
vised the final production of tables and lists. Terry Hart
was responsible for the final production of the tables and
lists to produce the camera-ready copy. Overall quality
control and coordination was provided by Brian Groom-
bridge. Tim Johnson and Brian Groombridge were the
project managers. WCMC generously supported this
project over and above the level of funding provided by
lUCN, without which this edition could not be produced.
The task of compiling the 1996 lUCN Red List of
Threatened Animals presented particular challenges,
resulting from the adoption of the new lUCN Red List
categories in November 1994. This made it impossible
to carry listings forward from the 1994 lUCN Red List.
Jonathan Baillie took the responsibility of assisting the
SSC Specialist Groups and other experts to use the new
system, and apply it to thousands of species. Without
Jonathan's assistance, the first ever evaluation of all
mammal species for their threatened status would not
have been completed in time for this edition. Jonathan
developed a guide on how to use the new categories and
criteria, which was widely used by SSC members. He
was also responsible for writing most of the Introduction
and Analysis sections of the 1996 lUCN Red List of
Threatened Animals. Brian Groombridge provided con-
siderable assistance with the introductory section and, in
particular, was responsible for the Organization of
Information, Information Sources and Quality, and Data
Table sections. Mariano Gimenez Dixon played a major
role in helping to evaluate a number of the lesser-known
species under the new system, and assisted Jonathan in
providing support and advice to SSC members. Georgina
Mace was a constant source of wisdom and advice
throughout the process, and provided valuable editorial
comments. Simon Stuart was the lUCN project manager,
and served as overall editor of the introductory sections.
Production of the camera-ready copy at the offices of
the Chicago Zoological Society was carried out by Diane
Cavalieri. Elizabeth McCance oversaw the final compi-
lation, and Susan Tressler also assisted during the final
stages of production.
Production of the 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened
Animals would not have been possible without the ongo-
ing support of the long-term donors to the lUCN Species
Survival Commission: the Sultanate of Oman (which
established the Peter Scott lUCN/SSC Action Plan
Fund): the Chicago Zoological Society: the National
Wildlife Federation; the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan:
and the World Wide Fund for Nature. English Nature
has also provided financial support to assist in the publi-
cation of this Red List. In particular, publication of the
1996 lUCN Red List was made possible by lUCN/SSC's
co-publishing partner. Conservation International.
Conservation International secured funds from the
Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation (US) and sup-
ported the publication and distribution of the publication.
Particular thanks are due to Russ Mittermeier and Jorgen
Thomsen of Conservation International for making all
this possible.
Intro 9
Introduction
For more than thirty years, the Species Survival
Commission (SSC) has been assessing the conservation
status of species and subspecies on a global scale in order
to highlight taxa threatened with extinction, and therefore
promote their conservation. Although today we are oper-
ating in a very different political, economic, social, and
ecological world from that of the first lUCN Red Data
Book, the SSC remains firmly committed to providing
the world with the most objective, scientifically-based
information on the current status of globally threatened
biodiversity. As species and subspecies are the bearers of
genetic diversity and the building blocks of ecosystems,
information on their conservation status and distribution
provides the foundation for making informed decisions
about preserving biodiversity at local to global levels.
Goals
The goals of the 7996 lUCN Red List of Threatened
Animals are to:
• Provide scientifically-based information on the
status of species and subspecies at a global level
• Draw attention to the magnitude and importance
of threatened biodiversity
• Influence national and international policy, and
decision making
• Provide information to guide actions to conserve
biological diversity
Improving the Red List
as a Conservation Tool
We have introduced several innovations which have
enhanced the effectiveness of the 1996 lUCN Red List as
a conservation tool:
• At the species level, the conservation status of all
vertebrates and the majority of invertebrates listed
in the 1994 Red List has been re-assessed;
• For the frrst time, all mammal species have been
assessed, in addition to many other species that had
not previously been evaluated:
• We have adopted and applied a more objective
system for classifying conservation status, that
allows comparisons to be made across species in
assessing likelihood of extinction;
• The information is presented in a more user-friendly
manner so that it may be used by a much larger and
varied audience; and
• We have tried to make the infonnation more
accessible as it is posted on the World Wide Web,
with links to other threatened biodiversity
infonnation sources.
With the help of a network of more than 6,000 SSC
Specialist Group members, and data from BirdLife
International, the World Conservation Monitoring
Centre, and The Nature Conservancy, the 1996 lUCN
Red List of Threatened Animals is the most comprehen-
sive inventory ever of threatened species and subspecies
on a global scale. The efforts of the large network of vol-
unteers and partner organizations have resulted in the
recognition of the 5,205 threatened taxa listed in this
book.
The conservation status of every mammal species in
the world is assessed for the first time in the 1996 lUCN
Red List. The only other major taxonomic group that has
been comprehensively evaluated is birds (Collar et al.
1994). Assessing every species in these taxonomic
groups represents a major milestone in conservation,
enabling us to determine clearly the overall status of
mammals and birds, and to continue to monitor the trends
within these higher-taxon groups.
Although determining the conservation status of all
birds and mammals is a great step forward in conserva-
tion, these two classes represent about 30% of vertebrates
and only 0.8% of all named species. Within the next
five to ten years, we hope to have all known higher ver-
tebrates and freshwater fishes completely assessed.
Unfortunately, given lack of financial resources, and the
sheer magnitude of the numbers of lower vertebrate and
invertebrate species, it will probably be a long time
before these taxa receive comprehensive conservation
assessments. Furthermore, there are currently about 1.5
to 1 .8 million named species, but it is estimated that the
actual number of species in the world ranges from 5 to 10
million (May em/. 1995). If this prediction is correct,
then thousands to millions of species may be missing
from the Red List because they have not yet been dis-
covered or described. Nevertheless, despite these diffi-
culties, the number of invertebrate and fish species
mcluded within the Red List has risen sharply in the last
three published editions.
Intro 10
To improve the quality and usefulness of the infor-
mation in the Red List, we have used the new lUCN cat-
egories and criteria, approved by lUCN Council in 1994.
This system improves the objectivity of the listing
process by providing quantitative criteria that define
each category of threat (Critically Endangered, Endang-
ered, and Vulnerable). It also requires specialists who
provide assessments to give a reason for the listing of
each species or subspecies in a particular threat category.
Providing specific reasons for listing: ( 1 ) improves the
accountability of the system; (2) provides information
that may lend insight into processes driving extinction for
a specific species, taxonomic groups, or taxa in a partic-
ular region; and (3) provides the basis for systematically
monitoring changes in status over time. Details of the
new system can be found in the section entitled The New
lUCN Categories and Criteria, and also in Annex 2 at
the end of this publication.
The Red List was traditionally written for a scientific
audience (Scott et al. 1987), but as the imperiled status of
biological diversity has become increasingly evident,
the general public and policy makers have taken a much
stronger interest in the growing list of threatened taxa.
We have changed the format of the publication to appeal
to a much wider audience while retaining scientific
content. Where possible, common names have been
included for all species and subspecies.
The 1996 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals is
now on the World Wide Web at (http://www.wcmc.
org.uk/data/database/rl_anml_combo .html). This allows
any person with Web access to use the database to obtain
information such as:
• What percent of known and assessed species
are threatened?
• Which species and subspecies are the most
threatened?
• Which taxonomic groups are at the greatest
risk of extinction?
• Where are the most threatened species located?
Currently, links are being developed to allow direct
access to relevant SSC Specialist Group Action Plans or
Specialist Group home pages. lUCN will be developing
Web connections between the Red List and other biodi-
versity information sources. This will enhance the value
of the Red List as a starting point for exploration of con-
servation options, ranging from the genetic to the ecosys-
tem level.
Intro 1 1
Organization of Information
The / 994 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals was a
major advance on its predecessors in clarity of layout and
amount of information presented on each species. This is
maintained in 1 996, and the lists further reflect the refine-
ment built into the revised system of categories.
There are eight categories in the new system. All taxa
within these categories have an entry in the seven lists
below except those in the Not Evaluated category (NE)
and those in the Lower Risk subcategory of "least con-
cern" {LR;lc). All assessments (except the small number
of geographically isolated populations in List 6, which
are not recognized taxonomically) are of the taxon as a
whole, i.e. indicate the global risk of extinction.
The first priority in compiling this present edition of
the Red List was to assess all known mammal species;
the second was to re-assess all other vertebrates in the
1994 Red List; the third was to cover the invertebrate
groups in the 1994 Red List for which an active lUCN
Specialist Group exists. These goals have been achieved.
It can be assumed therefore that any bird or mammal
species (unless described too recently to have been eval-
uated, or not generally accepted as a full species) that is
not in one of the lists in this publication falls within the
"least concern" division of the Lower Risk category. The
fourth priority was to deal with remaining invertebrates;
relatively few of these have been assessed.
Contents of Taxonomic Lists
List1
Threatened Species
This list includes all the full species categorized at global
level as either Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered
(EN), or Vulnerable (VU). Only taxa within any of these
three categories are collectively termed "threatened", and
this list is the current central catalogue of animal species
identified as globally threatened under the new category
system.
List 2
Lower Risl<: conservation dependent
Species for which sufficient data exist for an assessment
to be made, but which are not in a threatened category
(List 1 ) or extinct (List 4) are Lower Risk. This has three
sub-divisions. Of these. Lower Risk: conservation depen-
dent (LR:cd) includes species that are the subject of a tar-
geted conservation program, the ending of which would
result in the taxon moving into a category of threat within
five years.
Lists
Lower Risl<: near tlireatened
This includes species in the "near threatened" subcate-
gory of the Lower Risk category (LR:nt). Taxa in this
subcategory are "near threatened" in the sense of being
close to the threshold of the Vulnerable category.
List 4
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild
The second list in the 1994 Red List was a compilation
of species categorized by lUCN as extinct or probably
extinct in the wild, and a number of species that had not
been categorized by lUCN but which were known to
have become extinct since around 1600 AD. That previ-
ous compilation is the basis for this list, which includes
two distinct categories in the revised system. Extinct (EX)
and Extinct in the Wild (EW). This list reflects some
movement of species between extinct and threatened
categories as a result of new information or interpretation.
Lists
Data Deficient
This category includes species that lack the data needed
to make an assessment of risk possible. Taxa in this cat-
egory differ from those in the Not Evaluated category in
that the question of data availability has been considered
in the former but has not yet been considered in the latter.
Lists
Subspecies and Populations
This includes all subspecies that were listed in 1994 and
which have been reassessed for 1996. All categories are
included here, except Lower Risk: least concern. In most
instances subspecies are only listed if the full species of
which they are a component has also been evaluated. For
the first time, a number of geographically isolated
intraspecific populations have also been listed where a
special conservation need has been identified. In List 6
the letters "cd" and "nt" in place of the criteria shown in
List 1 indicate, respectively, the "conservation depen-
dent" and "near threatened" subcategories of Lower Risk.
List?
Taxa Removed from the 1 996 Red List
Of the taxa that appeared in previous Red Lists, some
have been evaluated using the new categories and some
have not. In the former group, many have been assessed
as Lower Risk: least concern (LR:lc). Taxa in this sub-
category are not in general listed in this publication, but
Intro 12
an exception is made for taxa that were formerly listed
in order to higMight the change in status. These appear in
the first part of List 7. The names of taxa previously
listed but not evaluated at the time of going to press
appear in the second pan of List 7. The second part of
List 7 also contains a small number of as yet undescribed
species for which full details have not been provided (see
below) and which therefore have not been included in the
main lists. It is possible that unresolved taxonomic prob-
lems may have led to some duplication of entities in List
7 and Lists 1-6.
We do not list any of the species formerly listed in
the Commercially Threatened category (List 5 in the
1994 Red List). This category was a form of threat clas-
sification, not a risk assessment, and so is not recognized
in the new system. Of the species formerly listed in this
category, none has been assessed for the 1996 Red List,
except the single vertebrate {Macaco nemestrina. now
VU). We do not list any of the genera and other higher
taxa formerly listed in List 3 of the 1994 Red List. Many
of the Lake Victoria cichlid fishes have now been
assessed at species level and appear in appropriate sec-
tions of the present Red List; none of the other groups
has yet been assessed at species level. The new category
system is valid only for species and subspecies, not
higher taxa.
Notes on Species Categot7 Lists
Each standard entry in Lists 1 , 4 and 6 has the following
format:
• scientific name
• common name (where available)
• category abbreviation (in bold), source of category
assessment (in superscript, see key in Annex 1),
criterion or criteria (for threatened categories only)
• range countries
Lists 2, 3 and 5 each contain species in a single category;
the category in these cases appears in the title header for
the list (left-hand page) rather than in the species entry
itself. Some of the stocks and populations included with
subspecies in List 6 have a distinguishing geographic or
common name in an additional line under the scientific or
common name.
We give the criteria for the highest category to which
the species can be assigned but not for any lower category
that might also apply (for birds this corresponds to the cri-
terion or criteria printed in bold in Birds to Watch 2).
A small number of marine fishes in List 1 and List 6
have the letter C in parentheses after the species name.
This indicates that a caveat formulated at the workshop
on categorizing marine fishes (Hudson and Mace 1996)
applies in particular to these populations. The text of this
caveat is reproduced in the following paragraph. A note
at the start of the fish section of List 1 stresses the pre-
liminary nature of the marine fish assessments in general.
The criteria (A-D) provide relative assessments
of trends in the population status of species
across many life forms. However, it is recognized
tliat these criteria do not always lead to equally
robust assessments of extinction risk, which
depend upon the life history of the species. The
quantitative criterion (AJa, b, d) for the threat-
ened categories may not be appropriate for
assessing the risk of extinction for some species,
particularly those with high reproductive poten-
tial, fast growth and broad geographic ranges.
Many of these species have high potential for
population maintenance under high levels of
mortality, and such species might form the basis
for fisheries.
Except where a species is known only by fossil material,
it is typically an accumulation of negative evidence, i.e.
repeated failure to find a species, that leads to the con-
clusion that extinction has occurred. Several species
once thought recently extinct have been rediscovered and
doubtless others will be in future; conversely it is certain
that many species will have become extinct unnoticed
and sometimes undescribed. The extinct species list is
thus liable to change significantly over time because of
these factors, and also because of changes in species level
taxonomy.
Distribution information
Distribution is recorded in terms of country names.
Unless geographically very remote from each other,
islands and other territories are included with the parent
country. In the case of species that only inhabit islands
significantly distant from the mainland, the island name
is given in parentheses (e.g. Spain (Canary Is)).
With regard to marine species, country records are
provided only for strictly coastal or inshore (or riverine)
cetaceans, and for otherwise marine species that return to
land to breed or nest (note that species without a country
range in the database from which the Red List is gener-
ated are not represented in the data tables). For some
marine species, and most strictly marine species we show
generalized ranges in terms of FAO Fishery Areas, indi-
cated by square brackets (e.g. [Adantic (northeast, north-
west), Indian Ocean (eastern)]). For many freshwater
species, usually those restricted to a single water sys-
Intro 13
tern, freshwater ranges are also indicated by square
brackets. Rivers and lakes are distinguished by R. and L.
respectively (e.g. [R. Cetina], [L. Toba]). In a few
instances, a second river name (e.g. [R. Danube (R.
Tisla)]) indicates a section of the drainage in which the
species occurs.
In most cases where populations are known to have
been introduced or reintroduced to a country, this is indi-
cated by [int] or [re-int] after the country name in the dis-
tribution text. Similarly, where populations are known or
suspected to have been extirpated from a country, this is
indicated by (ex) or (ex?).
Geopolitical events during recent years may have led
to some inconsistency or errors in the distribution infor-
mation provided. Within reasonable limits every effort
has been made to determine which of the new nations
that were part of the former Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
and USSR support species previously attributed to the
larger unit. Thus, any record for "Yugoslavia" should
refer to the current Serbia-Montenegro, but might in
some cases refer to the former federation.
In List 6, containing subspecies and a number of
stocks and other geographically isolated populations, the
latter are indicated by (S) after the species name, and
unless otherwise clear, the population or stock is indi-
cated on the line under the species name (e.g. Acipenser
gueldenstaedti (S), (Caspian Sea stock)).
Intro 14
Information Sources and Quality
Conservation Information
In the threatened species lists, the superscript number fol-
lowing the category abbreviation keys to the list of
sources (Annex 1 ): note that this indicates the person or
group responsible for the category and criteria desig-
nated, not usually the source of any other data repre-
sented in that entry. When the assessment is attributed to
more than one person, names are in alphabetical order.
Where an active SSC Specialist Group exists for a
taxon, that group has in genera! undertaken the status
assessment and provided the resulting category and spec-
ification of criteria. In some cases these assessments
have been the product of group discussion, but often they
represent the judgement of individual Specialist Group
members. Gaps in Specialist Group coverage of verte-
brates have been filled by SSC staff (Jonathan Baillie:
most mammals, Mariano Gimenez Dixon: North
American "lower" vertebrates) and WCMC Species Unit
staff (several groups, including Eurasian fishes). North
American assessments were based in most cases on data
provided by The Nature Conservancy (TNC). The
assessment of Australian amphibians was based on data
provided by the Australian Nature Conservation Agency
(ANCA). The final assessments of these species to be
made by ANCA may differ from those provided here.
The information from TNC was provided as print-
outs from their databases. TNC has its own Biodiversity
Element Ranking System (see Master 1991) which is
based on very similar information requirements to those
used in assigning the new lUCN Red List categories. As
a result, it was possible to apply the lUCN categories,
using species-related data supplied by TNC.
All categorizations of bird taxa have been provided by
BirdLife International, and reflect the contents of Birds to
Watch 2 (Collar et al. 1994). This is the world list of
threatened birds, and includes lists of Data Deficient and
other species not in the threatened category group.
BirdLife International originally employed an earlier ver-
sion of the revised category system than that finally
approved by lUCN Council. Subsequently, "conserva-
tion dependent" has been subsumed in the Lower Risk
category, and there is an additional qualifier for the A
(Declining Populations) criterion; these changes have
been made in this present list. A small number of
Specialist Groups covering birds have later made further
assessments of species using the final version of the new
category system, but it was decided in the interests of
standardization to maintain the BirdLife International
assessments. Some of the later assessments are incorpo-
rated in recently published Action Plans.
While nominally all mammal species (i.e. those listed
in Wilson and Reeder, 1993, but not all of those subse-
quently described) have now been assessed, the assess-
ment process has been based on relatively poor or sparse
information in the case of many rodents, insectivores,
and microbats. The need for better data is most pressing
among these groups that are generally small or very small
in body size, but very rich in species.
Future editions of the Red List will aim, higher-taxon
group by higher-taxon group, to produce complete
assessments of all reptiles, amphibians and fishes.
Nomenclature
We have followed standard world checklists whenever
possible in order to promote nomenclatural stability. In a
very few instances a Specialist Group has used alterna-
tive systematic opinion.
The following paragraphs note the main taxonomic
sources used. We have adopted the names of phyla used
by Margulis and Schwartz (1988), but list them in reverse
sequence; classes are listed in alphabetical sequence
within phyla (phylum names do not appear in the lists).
The world list of amphibians edited by Frost (1985) and
revised by Duellman ( 1993) lists orders, families, genera,
and species in nested alphabetical sequence. There is
much to commend this practice, particularly where no
one system is familiar to all users, and we have treated
reptiles and invertebrates in this way.
Mammals
The names and sequence of orders and families, and the
species content of families follows Wilson and Reeder
(1993). Genera and species are alphabetical within fam-
ilies. Species nomenclature generally also follows this
source, except when a Specialist Group has expressed a
very strong preference for another system, or has used
nomenclature different from Wilson and Reeder and we
have been unable to resolve consequent ambiguities
about the population content of species and their distrib-
ution. Principal departures from Wilson and Reeder,
relatively few in number, are found in the primates and
bovids.
Birds
Nomenclature for genera and species generally follows
Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Solely to maintain uni-
Intro 1 5
formity with Birds to Watch 2, we use the names and
sequence of orders and families, and the species content
of famiHes of Morony, Bock, and Farrand ( 1 975 ).
Reptiles
Turtles and tortoises generally follow Iverson { 1992);
crocodilians follow King and Burke (1989); tuatara sys-
tematics are after Daugherty et al. (1990). Names in
common use, including by Specialist Groups or in
national sources, have been employed for other groups of
reptiles: there is as yet no standard world species check-
list for lizards or snakes.
Amphibians
Nomenclature and sequence consistently follow Frost
(1985) as updated by Duellman (1993).
Fishes
The names and sequence of orders and families, and the
species content of families follows Eschmeyer (1990).
Genera and species are alphabetical within families.
Names in common use, including by Specialist Groups
or in national sources, have been employed at the species
level: there is as yet no published standard world species
checklist for fishes. We have changed some family
names given in contributions from the SSC Freshwater
Fish Specialist Group in order to conform with the tax-
onomy of Eschmeyer.
Invertebrates
Parker (1982) has generally been followed for nomen-
clature at class, order, and family level and above. There
is a lack of widely accepted class-level checklists for
invertebrates and in the absence of such sources no
attempt has been made to standardize names submitted
for inclusion.
Undescribed Species
We have followed a policy developed by SSC regarding
listing of undescribed species. These can be accepted
only under the following conditions:
• There is general agreement that the undescribed
taxon is in fact a species.
• Clear distribution information can be provided.
• Listing the undescribed species will potentially aid
in its conservation.
• Specimen reference numbers are provided by which
the species can be traced without confusion.
' The museum or other institution holding the collec-
tion and the individual responsible for the proposal
can be identified.
• Whenever possible a common name can be added.
Undescribed species are represented in the lists by the
generic name and the abbreviation "sp." Details of spec-
imen numbers and institution are available on request
from WCMC.
Intro 16
The New lUCN Categories and Criteria
After a long process of review and consultation, the new
lUCN categories and criteria were adopted by the lUCN
Council on November 30, 1994, This system was devel-
oped to improve the objectivity of classifying the conser-
vation status of species, subspecies, and populations on
a global scale and to provide more useful information
about the status of taxa.
Why a New System?
To create a meaningful list of threatened species, those
applying the classification system must have a common
understanding of the categories of threat. The definitions
for the former lUCN threatened species categories were
largely subjective. Thus, different individuals could
obtain widely different assessments for the same taxon,
even using the same information. This was not a major
problem in the 1960s and 1970s, because there was one
person responsible for determining the status of all the
species in the Red Data Books. Thus the system was
consistently applied despite the vague threatened cate-
gory definitions (Collar 1992). However, since the early
1980s, the SSC has expanded greatly, and the responsi-
bility of assessing the conservation status of species
shifted to the numerous SSC Specialist Groups. As more
people became involved in the assessment process and
used their own interpretations of the lUCN categories, it
became increasingly evident that a less subjective and
more accountable system was needed.
Devising an objective system is a very challenging
task, because there is no clear line that separates threat-
ened and non-threatened species. There is in fact a con-
tinuum, and we have to choose appropriate points at
which to divide one group from another. Discussions of
a new approach for assessing extinction risk was a major
theme at the symposium. The Road to Extinction, held by
the SSC in 1984; however, no single approach was
agreed upon (Fitter and Fitter 1987). Again, in 1989,
the SSC Steering Committee requested the development
of a new approach that would provide the conservation
community with useful objective information for conser-
vation planning.
Mace and Lande (1991 ) presented the first outline for
a new system in a paper which recommended categoriz-
ing species by their probability of extinction over a given
period of time. They suggested that numerical thresh-
olds could be set for each category of threat, and made
specific proposals appropriate for higher vertebrates.
Immediately after the publication of the 1991 version of
the system, it was tested by a number of the specialist
groups on many different taxa through a series of
Conservation Assessment and Management Planning
(CAMP) workshops, organized by the SSC Conservation
Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG). Following an exten-
sive review and consultation process, including a major
international workshop, Mace et al. (1992) proposed a
major revision of the 1991 paper, adapting the criteria
and their quantitative thresholds for each of the cate-
gories of threat to apply to all species. Also, the SSC
initiated a process of broad consultation to solicit com-
ments and recommendations from SSC members, other
lUCN Commissions. lUCN member organizations and
governments, and other experts. This process of consul-
tation led to two more revisions of the system before it
was officially adopted by the lUCN Council in
November of 1994.
The lUCN Red List categories and criteria are applic-
able to all taxonomic groups, except micro-organisms.
By providing a clear quantitative framework for the cat-
egories of threat, the objectivity of the listing process
has been increased. Enhancing the objective nature of
the system is intended to improve the consistency in its
application. This facilitates the comparison of the status
of species and subspecies from very different communi-
ties and backgrounds. The new system has been applied
to every species and subspecies in the 1996 lUCN Red
List of Threatened Animals. For further information on
how the new lUCN categories and criteria have been
applied to a broad range of taxa, refer to Collar et al.
1994 and Species 24 and 25. Several groups are now
working on guidelines for the application of the Red List
categories and criteria to specific groups of taxa.
Summary of the lUCN
Categories and Criteria
Every species and subspecies evaluated with the new
system is classified into one of the eight categories.
Three of the eight categories are known as the categories
of threat; Critically Endangered, Endangered, and
Vulnerable. Five criteria, denoted by the letters A-E, as
well as subcriteria, denoted by numbers and lower case
letters define the categories of threat. While this may
appear somewhat confusing at first, the following sum-
mary should help to outline clearly the exact roles of the
categories, criteria and subcriteria. For more detailed
information please refer to the Annex at the end of this
publication entitled lUCN Red List Categories.
Intro 17
The Categories
There are eight well-defined categories (refer to the
Annex for full details) that enable the classification of
almost every species or subspecies in the world. The
eight categories are illustrated in bold in Figure 1.
Extinct means that there is no reasonable doubt that
the last individual has died. Extinct in the Wild means
that the species has been extirpated from its natural habi-
tat. The definition for Extinct in the Wild (see the Annex
at the end of this publication) gives guidance on the cir-
cumstances in which it is possible to pronounce a wild
species extinct. Critically Endangered, Endangered,
Vulnerable (the categories of threat) each have quantita-
tive criteria that broadly reflect different levels of risk of
extinction. The details of these criteria are discussed at
greater length in a separate section to follow. The Lower
Risk category has three subcategories:
• Conservation dependent: taxa that do not qualify
for the Vulnerable category only because of species-
specific or habitat-specific conservation efforts, the
cessation of which would result in the taxon
qualifying for one of the threatened categories
within a period of five years
• Near threatened: taxa that are not Conservation
Dependent, but almost qualify for one of the
Vulnerable criteria
• Least concern: taxa that are not in any immediate
danger of extinction.
These subcategories are intended to support the moni-
toring of species' status, and can indicate particularly
significant circumstances, such as species close to threat-
ened status and those dependent on continuing conser-
vation actions.
The remaining two categories do not reflect the con-
servation status of taxa. The Data Deficient category
highlights taxa for which information to make a sound
conservation assessment is lacking. The category Not
Evaluated applies to taxa that have not yet been assessed
with the new system.
The Categories in Use
When the categories are applied to an individual species
or subspecies, they provide a snapshot in time of the
taxon's conservation status or indicate that more infor-
mation is needed. Comparison of assessments over time
will identify trends in the conservation status of a partic-
ular taxon.
The categories provide a framework that allows for
analysis of the conser\'ation status between widely differ-
ent higher taxonomic units such as Family Felidae, Order
Diptera, or Class Reptilia. Also, comparing the classifi-
cation of taxonomic groups over time provides informa-
i— (Adequate data)
-(Evaluated) -
— (Threatened) .
Extinct (EX)
Extinct in the Wild (EW)
Critically Endangered (CR)
Endangered (EN)
Vulnerable (VU)
Lower Risk (LR)
Data Deficient (DD)
Not Evaluated (NE)
Conservation
Dependent (cd)
-Near Threatened (nt)
-Least Concern (Ic)
Figure 1 . Structure of the Categories.
Intro 1 8
Extinct
Data Deficient
Not Evaluated
Critically
Endangered
Endangered
Figure 2. When all species of a higher taxonomic group are
placed into one of the eight categories, it provides a useful
indication of the current status of. and level of knowledge
about that group.
tion on changing patterns and levels of threat. Figure 2
demonstrates how the current status of an entire taxo-
nomic group can be summarized by the lUCN categories.
The Criteria and Subcriteria for
the Categories of Threat
The three categories of threat. Critically Endangered,
Endangered, and Vulnerable, are all determined by quan-
titative criteria. For each of the categories of threat there
are five criteria (A-E), which are based on variables
closely associated with extinction risk. The criteria A-D
also have subcriteria that are used to justify the listing of
a species under a given category and criteria. The five
criteria are:
A. Declining Population (past or projected)
B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation
C. Small Population Size and Decline
D. Very Small Population or Very Restricted
Distribution
E. Quantititative Analysis (e.g.. Population
Viability Analysis)
The main purpose of the subcriteria is to provide further
information to support the listing of a species in a partic-
ular category. However, the subcriteria may also provide
insight into threats such as direct exploitation, habitat
loss, pollution, and hybridization, or they may describe
declines recorded by direct observation or changes in an
index of abundance.
Although the criteria are expected to be applicable
across broad taxonomic groups to encompass species
with very different life histories, it is not intended that
all the criteria be applicable to a given species. Species
qualify as Critically Endangered, Endangered, or
Vulnerable by meeting any one of the five criteria (A-E)
for that category of threat.
Requiring that the criteria and subcriteria are stated
for each listing of a taxon in one of the categories of
threat provides a more objective, informative, and
accountable process. The identification of quantitative
criteria when classifying a taxon in one of the categories
of threat ensures that taxa are being assessed by a
common standard, thus improving consistency of the
application of the system among different users. The
information given by the categories and criteria provides
a general indication of the exdnction process of a taxon
and may be helpful in setting conservation priorities. The
categories, criteria, and subcriteria are made public to
explain why each taxon has been placed on the list, and
the assessment can then be refined as further informa-
tion emerges.
Although the criteria for each of the categories of
threat are based on quantitative thresholds, inference and
projection are permitted so that taxa for which there is
very little information can also be assessed. Therefore,
the person conducting an assessment is expected to use
the best available information, in combination with infer-
ence and projection to test a taxon against the criteria. If
there is any reasonable concern that a species is threat-
ened with extinction, it should qualify for the criteria of
one of the categories of threat.
How to Decipher the Criteria
and Subcriteria
Following the scientific and the common name of each
threatened taxon in the 1996 lUCN Red List is a category
of threat, and if applicable, criteria and subcriteria. The
three categories of threat. Critically Endangered,
Endangered, and Vulnerable, represent decreasing lev-
els of extincdon risk. The quantitadve criteria (A-E) help
to identify taxa that are appropriate for one of the cate-
gories of threat. Finally the subcriteria provide reasons
for lisdng taxa. Figure 3 illustrates how the categories,
criteria, and subcriteria are used in the Red List.
The Giant Sea Bass is listed as CR Albd. This means
that the category of threat is Critically Endangered,
which is defined as, "a taxon that is facing a very high
risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future."
This species qualifies as CR under criterion A. The 1 is
part of the subcriteria and indicates that there has been a
decline of at least 80% in the number of mature individ-
uals over the past 10 years or three generations (which-
ever is longer for this species). The rest of the subcriteria
Intro 19
Scientific Name
Category Criteria Subcriteria
Distribution
T
\l//
' '
Stereolepis gigas
Giant Sea Bass
CR A 1 bd
Mexico, USA
[Pacific (eastern central)]
n
Common Name
Figure 3. An example of the use of tfie categories, criteria, and subcriteria in the 1996 lUCN Red List.
listed are b, d, which provide information about how the
decline was assessed. In this particular case the subcri-
teria state that the Giant Sea Bass was listed under the A
criterion because of the rapid decline was documented by
(b) an index of abundance and (d) exploitation. Using the
summary of the lUCN categories and criteria, it is possi-
ble to decode the criteria and subcriteria for every taxon
listed.
In Table 1 the categories of threat are listed along the
top of the page, and the criteria and subcriteria are given
in the appropriate columns. First identify the category
of threat; then locate which of the five criteria are applic-
able and identify the subcriterion.
For example, by using Table 1, it is possible to deci-
pher what Endangered: C2a means. First identify the
Endangered category in the center at the top of the page.
Then follow the Endangered column down to the C cri-
terion which states that the taxa has a small population
size and is declining. Identify the quantitative threshold
for the Endangered column under the C criterion which is
less than 2,500 mature individuals. Then locate the 2a
subcriterion which states that the population is experi-
encing a continual decline and is fragmented with each
subpopulation averaging less than or equal to 250 mature
individuals.
It should be mentioned that the terms used in the cri-
teria and subcriteria have very specific meanings in this
context, or require particular methods to be used for
assessing them. These definitions are included in Annex
2 at the end of this publication.
Lessons Learned in Applying the
New lUCN Categories and Criteria
While the lUCN categories and criteria had been tested
against many different types of species in its develop-
ment phase, the compilation of the 1996 lUCN Red List
is the first time that the new system has been applied to
such a large number of species with very different life
histories. Overall, the system was very well received and
it appears to have successfully flagged a wide variety of
threatened species. In the process of applying the cate-
gories and criteria for the 1996 lUCN Red List, hundreds
of specialists had the opportunity to assess all aspects of
the new system. This has led to a number of constructive
suggestions as to how the system could be fine-tuned.
The following discussion outlines many of these recom-
mendations, which focus on slight definition clarifica-
tions, and also on aspects of the A criterion that may
require further examination.
Definitions
1. Definition of IVIature Individuals
In the current system, mature individuals are defined as
individuals capable of reproduction. This definition has
been used to provide an indication of the number of indi-
viduals that will be able to replace themselves in the next
generation. However, in some long-lived species, indi-
vidual animals are capable of reproduction, but their
young are not attaining maturity. Even though such indi-
viduals are breeding, for conservation purposes they
should not be considered as mature individuals. This def-
inition should be reworded to emphasize that only indi-
viduals capable of producing offspring that reach the age
of maturity should be considered as mature individuals.
2. Definition of Generation Time
Generation time is currently defined as the average age of
mature individuals in a population. In the new lUCN cat-
egories and criteria, generation time determines the win-
dow of time during which a species" probability of
extinction, or its rate of decline, is being examined. For
example, the A criterion is used to list species according
Intro 20
Table 1
Summary of New lUCN Categories
and Criteria
Use any of tlieA-E criteria
Critically
Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
A. Declining Population
population decline rate at least
80% in 10 years
50% in 10 years
20% in 10 years
or 3 generations
or 3 generations
or 3 generations
using eittier
1 . population reduction observed, estimated,
inferred, or suspected in the past or
2. population decline projected or suspected in tiie future
based on:
a. direct observation
b. an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon
c. a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence
and/or quality of habitat
d. actual or potential levels of exploitation
e. the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization.
pathogens, pollutants, competitors, or parasites
B. Small Distribution and Decline or Fluctuation
Either extent of occurrence
<100km2
< 5,000 km2
< 20,000 km2
or area of occupancy
<10km2
< 500 km2
< 2,000 km2
and 2 of the following 3:
1 . either severely fragmented: (isolated subpopulations
= 1
<5
<10
with a reduced probability of recolonization, if once
extinct) or known to exist at a number of locations
2. continuing decline in any of the following:
any rate
any rate
any rate
a. extent of occurrence
b. area of of occupancy
c. area, extent and/or quality of habitat
d. number of locations or subpopulations
e. number of mature individuals
3. fluctuating in any of the following:
> 1 order/mag.
> 1 order/mag.
> 1 order/mag.
a. extent of occurrence
b. area of occupancy
c. number of locations or subpopulations
d. number of mature individuals
C. Small Population Size and Decline
Number of mature individuals
<250
< 2,500
< 10,000
and 1 of the following 2;
1. rapid decline rate
25% in 3 years
20% in 5 years
10% in 10 years
or 1 generation
or 2 generations
or 3 generations
2. continuing decline and either
any rate
any rate
any rate
a. fragmented or
all sub-pops < 50
all sub-pops < 250
all sub-pops < 1 ,000
b. all individuals in a single subpopulation
D. Very Small or Restricted
Either 1 . number of mature individuals
<50
<250
< 1,000
or 2. population is susceptible
(not applicable)
(not applicable)
area of occupancy
<100km2 or number
of locations < 5
E. Quantitative Analysis
Indicating the probability of
50% into years
20% in 20 years
10% in too years
extinction in the wild to be at least
or 3 generations
or 5 generations
Intro 21
to specific rates of decline in the past or future for ten
years or three generations, whichever is longer. If a
species' generation time is 12 years, then rates of decline
are examined over the past and future 36 years.
The current definition of generation time does not
work well for species that are experiencing heavy
exploitation or direct harvesting. This is because when
populations are heavily exploited, the larger older indi-
viduals are usually the first to be taken, thus reducing
the average age of the population, and decreasing the
generation time. With a shorter generation time, rates
of decline and probabilities of extinction will be exam-
ined over a shorter time-frame, making it less likely for
the species to qualify under the appropriate category of
threat. To avoid this anomaly, the definition should be
reworded so that generation time is defined by the aver-
age age of parents in the population, prior to exploitation.
3. The Application and Definition
of Conservation Dependent
Conservation Dependent is now a subcategory of the
Lower Risk category. The subcategory is currently used
to highlight species that would qualify for the Vulnerable
category if it were not for species-specific or habitat-
specific conservation efforts. If this definition were
broadened so that Conservation Dependent could be
applied to the categories of threat, then the Red List
would provide valuable insight into the number of
species, at all levels of threat, that are receiving beneficial
conservation attention. Conservation Dependent would
then be defined as an optional subcriterion used for
species that would fall into a higher category of threat or
be driven to the point of extinction, were it not for con-
servation efforts.
Challenges with the A criterion
1. IVIaximum Generation Time
Generation time is defined by the average age of matare
individuals in the population. The A criterion states that
a taxon's rate of decline should be examined in the past
or future 10 years or three generations. Thus, genera-
tion time is often used to determine the window of time
during which the decline of a taxon will be measured to
determine if it qualifies for one of the categories of threat.
Generally, the longer the time period, the more likely it is
that a taxon will qualify for one of the categories of
threat.
Using three generations to monitor a species' popu-
lation stams standardizes measurement of rates of decline
across widely different taxa. A minimum of 10 years has
been set because there is little that can be done in terms of
conservation planning if a taxon is identified as rapidly
declining at the last minute. Currently, there is no upper
limit on the time period during which declines are exam-
ined. For example, if the generation time of a species is
50 years, then the A criterion requires that the rates of
decline be monitored over the past and future 150 years.
Just as it is impractical for conservation purposes to use
very short generation times, it is in most cases also
impractical to attempt to determine what happened too
far back in the past, or what may happen in the distant
future. A cap of about 75 years would ensure that mea-
sured and predicted declines were being assessed over
time-frames where circumstances can be judged with
more certainty.
2. Identification of Depleted Taxa
Under the A criterion, a species will not be listed under
one of the categories of threat unless there are recorded
declines of at least 20% over the past or future 10 years or
3 generations, whichever is longer. Therefore, if a pop-
ulation continues to decline at 15% over that time frame,
it will not be listed as threatened.
Species that have experienced a major decline such
as 90% over the appropriate time frame will be listed as
Critically Endangered. However, if the species then
declines less than 20% over 10 years or three generations
it will no longer be considered threatened. For precau-
tionary reasons the taxon would remain on the list for
five years and then would be removed.
In these two situations it appears that the system is not
effectively identifying species that have undergone
severe depletion and would intuitively be threatened with
extinction. However, the A criterion is one of five crite-
ria that have been developed to assess the conservation
status of a species. The B, C, D, and E criteria all high-
light species that are threatened due to their restricted
distribution or low numbers. Thus, if a taxon is not
identified by the A criterion, it should be picked up by
one or more of the other criteria once the population or
distribution becomes small enough. The problem is that
some populations undergo extreme depletion, for exam-
ple a reduction to 5% of the original population, but are
still too widely distributed or have too many mature indi-
viduals to qualify for any of the other criteria.
Large populations that are reduced to a small percent-
age of their former population may persist for many gen-
erations. However, it is possible that these populations
are much more prone to proximate causes of extinction.
If this is the case, then there is no specific criterion that
effectively flags the high probability of extinction that
these species face.
Unless it can be proven that species that have had
major past declines do not have a significantly higher
probability of extinction, then one option to address this
apparent shortfall in the new system would be to use the
Intro 22
A2 criterion. This criterion flags species that may expe-
rience significant decHnes in the next 10 years or three
generations, whichever is longer. However, it would be
more effective for conservation purposes to develop
criteria that specifically highlight species that have
undergone extreme depletion, but do not qualify for the
other criterion.
3. Shifting Time Scale for the A criterion
The A criterion assesses the rates of population decline
over time. The criterion is divided into two: Al assesses
the rate of decline in the past 10 years or 3 generations,
and A2 assesses the predicted rates of decline in the next
10 years or three generations. This rigid division of
time-frames may lead to a misrepresentation of a
species' conservation status if the decline is occurring
at the time of the assessment. For example, if a species
has decreased by 10% in the past five years and is pro-
jected to decline by another 10% in the next five years,
it would not be listed under the current system.
Excluding declines that are occurring while the assess-
ment is being made does not make sense when the objec-
tive of the criteria is to identify a 20% decline over 10
years or three generations. However, the original inten-
tion was that there should be an opportunity to use a
shifting time window, which the current wording of the
criteria does not make clear. The Al and A2 subcriteria
could possibly be merged, leaving a single A criterion.
The past and future time-frames of 10 years or three gen-
erations could be maintained, but should be flexible
enough to measure declines over any period, providing
that the furthest point in time from the present (either
past or future) is no greater than 10 years or three gener-
ations (whichever is longer).
4. Rates of Decline and
Probability of Extinction
The A criterion is based on the assumption that a species
is more prone to extinction when numbers of mature
individuals show persistent declines. With a 20%
decrease in mature individuals the species qualifies for
Vulnerable, with a 50% decline. Endangered, and with
an 80% decline. Critically Endangered. However,
species with high growth rates, high reproductive poten-
tial, and early maturity can experience a significant
decrease in mature individuals, but may be less prone to
extinction than species with low growth and reproductive
rates. The categories of threat do not reflect probability
of extinction with precision across taxa, and may be par-
ticularly imprecise when only the A criterion is used.
This issue requires further investigation.
5. Managed Populations and Rates of Decline
When exploiting wild populations, the management
strategy is often to reduce the number of mature individ-
uals in order to increase productivity, thus increasing the
sustainable harvest levels. For some fish populations,
managing for sustainable harvest entails a reduction of
more than 50% of mature individuals. Despite the fact
that these reductions are intentional, these species are
identified as potentially threatened with extinction under
the red listing system.
It is very difficult to determine levels of exploitation
that are sustainable, and even if accurate harvest levels
are determined, history has repeatedly shown that such
management schemes are rarely followed. Also, there
is still uncertainty as to whether or not a population of
highly reproductive fishes, managed at reduced numbers
of mature individuals over long periods of time, are sig-
nificantly more prone to extinction. There could be long-
term negative genetic implications resulting from this
type of management. Species that are exploited in such a
manner might persist for several generations, slowly
becoming more susceptible to extinction.
Currently, if the number of mature individuals in a
population decreases by 20% over 10 years or three gen-
erations in managed populations, then the species is
listed as threatened. Once the population is no longer
decreasing by 20% over 10 years of three generations
(e.g., if the management is now achieving constant pop-
ulation size at high productivity levels), then it is retained
on the list for five years and then delisted. Therefore, if
the number of mature individuals is reduced by 20% or
more as part of a sustainable management scheme, the
taxon will initially be listed in a category of threat, but if
the management is successful the species will soon be
removed from the threatened list.
It is recognized that in the adoption of a completely
new system that there will be growing pains and that
slight revisions are inevitable. However, we are still
learning, and many issues require further examination,
which makes it impractical to revise the new system
immediately. Only once we are certain that the majority
of the glitches have been identified and addressed will
the lUCN categories and criteria undergo revision.
Intro 23
Analysis
By Jonathan Baillie
The Status of Globally
Threatened Species
Ideally, the lUCN Red List would contain detailed infor-
mation on the conservation status of every species in the
world and identify the region or ecosystem in which each
species lives. This information would make it easier to
estimate the magnitude of the loss of species diversity
and would greatly aid in the identification of areas endur-
ing the greatest biological impoverishment. Conserva-
tionists would then have better access to sound
information from which to set priorities, and govern-
ments and decision makers would be more aware of the
implications of their policies and actions on the future of
the world's biological resources.
Currently, the conservation status is only known for
a small proportion of all animal species, and there is a
strong bias toward terrestrial vertebrates and species
found in biologically well-studied regions of the world.
However, what we do know indicates clearly that there is
strong cause for concern.
This edition of the Red List, which includes 5,205
species threatened with extinction, is the most compre-
hensive list of globally threatened species ever compiled.
All known species of birds and mammals have been eval-
uated, with the result that 25% of mammal species and
1 1% of bird species are classified as being threatened
with extinction. Not all reptile, amphibian, and fish
species have been assessed, but of those that have been
evaluated, rough estimates of the percent that are threat-
ened are: 20% of reptiles, 25% of amphibians, and 34%
of fishes (mostly freshwater).
Relatively few invertebrates (mainly insects, spiders,
crustaceans and molluscs) have been assessed making it
difficult to estimate the percentage that are threatened.
However, among the invertebrate groups that have
received the most attention, there are large numbers of
threatened species: more than 500 insects, 400 inland
water crustaceans, and 900 molluscs.
The information in this book is meant be used in a
variety of ways. First, it is hoped that the publication of
the extensive lists of threatened species and subspecies
will draw attention to the serious situation now faced by
animal species worldwide. Second, the detailed infor-
mation included on which species and higher taxa are
most at risk, as well as information on the general nature
of the threats, and the geographical distribution of these
species, will enable decision makers to address the issue
by supporting appropriate conservation actions. Finally,
the data presented will provide a rich source of basic
information on which conservation biologists and other
scientists can base analyses aimed to understand and thus
better address the current trend of biological diversity
depletion.
The following general analysis is based on the infor-
mation presented in the / 996 lUCN Red List of Threat-
ened Animals. It is hoped that specialists will use the
tables and data in this book to explore the issues further.
Biases in the 1996 lUCN Red List
When reading this analysis section of the 1996 lUCN
Red List, it is important to recognize some of the biases
that exist in the data in order to understand why some
higher-taxon groups and regions appear to have more
threatened species than others.
The current information on the status of threatened
species is heavily biased towards terrestrial vertebrates.
Figure I indicates the total number of species that have
been categorized as threatened for each major vertebrate
group (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes),
as well as for a number of invertebrate groups (molluscs,
insects, crustaceans, and other invertebrates).
From the number of vertebrates and invertebrates
listed as threatened, it may appear that the two groups
have received a similar degree of attention. However,
more than 95% of all known animals are invertebrates
(Hammond 1995). Hence, this group is proportionally
under-represented.
Z 1 1
1..
Birds
Mammals
Fishes
Reptiles
Amphibians
Molluscs
Insects
Crustaceans
Other
Invertebrates
Figure 1 . The number of threatened vertebrate versus
invertebrate species that have been listed in the 1 996
lUCN Red List.
Intro 24
The need for a stronger focus on invertebrate conser-
vation has long been recognized, but information on the
status and distribution of the majority of invertebrates
simply does not exist (Groombridge 1993). Although the
number of invertebrates listed in the last two lUCN Red
Lists has sharply increased, any attempt to ensure that
they are adequately represented would require large
amounts of time and resources. However, it is unlikely
that sufficient resources will be made available for inver-
tebrate conservation until the values of the general public
and national governments change to recognize the need
to protect all forms of life.
The attention of naturalists and conservationists has
also long been focused on terrestrial rather than marine
environments. Although about two-thirds of the earth's
surface is covered by seas, our knowledge of the basic
ecology, distribution, and status of most marine species is
extremely limited. As a result, marine species are poorly
represented in this list. Even among vertebrates, infor-
mation on marine species is very poor compared to their
terrestrial counterparts. Of the terrestrial vertebrates,
roughly 48% have been assessed, while only 1.7 % of the
marine vertebrates (primarily three classes of fishes)
have been evaluated.
Some regions have been more comprehensively
assessed than others. Countries such as the United
States, Australia, and South Africa, which have been sub-
ject to detailed review, may have proportionally more
species listed than countries in less well studied regions.
Also, specific countries or regions that are the focus of an
SSC Specialist Group, or which have produced their own
regional or national Red Lists, may also have a relatively
greater representation in the 7996 lUCN Red List of
Threatened Animals. Despite these biases, the informa-
tion in the Red List can be used to draw out some gen-
eral conclusions.
Which Vertebrate Groups are
the Most Threatened?
Birds were the first vertebrate class to be comprehen-
sively assessed. This assessment was based on an ear-
lier version of the new system, but one almost identical to
the new lUCN categories and criteria (Collar et al. 1994).
The results show that 168 (2%) of all bird species are
Critically Endangered, 235 (2%) are Endangered, and
704 (7%) are Vulnerable (Figure 2). In total, 11% of the
world's avifauna is threatened and another 9% is near-
threatened. The fact that 1 1% of all bird species are
threatened was of great concern (Collar et al. 1994), and
it was feared that other terrestrial life-forms, not yet com-
prehensively evaluated, might be experiencing similar
degrees of threat. The lUCN categories and criteria have
now been applied to all mammals, and the results indi-
cate that the level of threat to biodiversity could be even
worse than anticipated. For mammals, 169 species (4%)
are Critically Endangered. 315(7%) are Endangered, and
612 (14%) are Vulnerable (Figure 2). This means that
25% of the total number of mammal species are threat-
ened with extinction. If the Lower Risk subcategories,
conservation dependent and near threatened, are taken
into consideration, 4 1 % of all mammals are either threat-
ened or close to Vulnerable.
Given the fact that there are more than twice as many
bird species as mammal species, it is interesting that the
total number of threatened species in each threat category
is very similar. Four mammal and three bird species are
Extinct in the Wild; 169 mammal and 168 bird species
are Critically Endangered. In total there are 1 ,099 threat-
ened and Extinct in the Wild mammal species and 1,111
threatened and Extinct in the Wild bird species.
Perhaps mammals are an anomaly, and the status of
birds is a more accurate indicator of the status of other
life-forms. Unfortunately, current information suggests
that mammals are better indicators of the level of threat
of other taxonomic groups. Since reptiles, amphibians
and fishes have not been comprehensively assessed, it is
impossible to make definitive statements about their
overall conservation status. However, approximately
20% of the reptile, 25% of the amphibian, and 34% of
the fish species that have been assessed are threatened
with extinction. For summary tables on the status of each
taxonomic group refer to Data Table 2, page 50.
It appears that biodiversity is much more threatened, at
least at the species level, than was previously realized.
It has been widely assumed that approximately 10% of
the world's species are globally threatened, following
the "bird model". But if birds, with their high levels of
mobility, are on the average much less threatened than
other groups, the use of this model as a reference point
should be reconsidered. If mammals are better indica-
tors of the status of other taxonomic groups, then 25% of
the world's species could be globally threatened, a sober-
ing statistic.
Which l\/lammal Orders are
the l\/lost Threatened?
Of the 26 orders of mammals, 24 contain threatened
species. The six largest orders all have more than 50
threatened species: Rodentia 330, Chiroptera (bats) 231,
Insectivora 152. Carnivora (cats, bears, otters etc.) 65,
Primates 96, and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) 70.
Carnivora, while the fourth largest order, has fewer
threatened species in total than Primates and Artio-
dactyla. This is surprising, because intuitively, one
Intro 25
Critically
Endangered
3% Endangered
Critically
Endangered
4% Endangered
Lower Risk cd
Lower Risk nt
14%
Mammals
Critically
Endangered
2%
Endangered
2%
Lower Risk cd
0.11%
Lower Risk nl
9%
Lower Risk cd
Lower Risk nt
6%
Lower Risk Ic
74%
Reptiles
Birds
Amphibians
Endangered
Lower Risk Ic
60%
Lower Risk cd
1%
Lower Risk nt
Fishes
Figure 2. Which vertebrates are the most threatened? The mammal and bird pie charts represent all the known species for which
there is enough information to make a sound conservation assessment. The reptile, amphibian, and fish charts represent all assessed
species for which there is adequate information to assign a conservation status. The figures used for the number of assessed species
are based on the number of species estimated to be assessed in the 1994 lUCN Red List. These estimates for the number of
assessed species are 20% of reptiles, 12% of amphibians, and <10% of fishes (Groombridge 1993).
Intro 26
would expect a group of species so high in the trophic
scale to have a very large number of threatened species.
For the total numbers of threatened mammals in each
order see Data Table 1, page 44.
If these same six orders are examined in terms of the
proportion of species that are threatened in each, the
sequence changes significantly (Data Deficient species
have not been included): Primates 45.5%, Insectivora
36%, Artiodactyla 32.7%, Chiroptera 26.2%, Camivora
25.8%, and Rodentia 16.6%. While these numbers are
very alarming, there are many smaller orders that have a
much higher proportion of threatened species (Figure 3).
Figure 3 depicts the proportion of each order that is
threatened. This approach highlights some of the smaller
orders with a high proportion of threatened species. This
is important because each order represents a morpho-
logically and genetically unique group. One hundred
percent of Proboscidea (two species of elephant),
Notoryctemorphia (two species of mole-like marsupial),
Sirenia (four extant species of sea cow), and Micro-
biotheria (one species of opossum-like species) are
threatened. In the first two of these orders, all the species
are Endangered; and in the last two, all are Vulnerable.
Other small and highly threatened orders are:
Perissodactyla (horses, tapirs and rhinos); Macroscelidea
(elephant shrews); Monotrema (egg-laying mammals);
Hyracoidea (hyraxes); and Dermoptera (flying lemurs).
The 18 species of Perissodactyla have the highest per-
centage of Critically Endangered species (four species;
22%). The situation is even worse when one considers
that, in addition, one species is Extinct in the Wild, four
are Endangered, three are Vulnerable, one is conserva-
tion dependent, and one is near-threatened. In the order
of Macroscelidea, three species are Endangered, and four
are Vulnerable. There are three species of egg-laying
mammals in the order Monotremata. Of these, one is
known to be Endangered. Three of the six species of
hyraxes and one of the two species of flying lemurs are
listed as Vulnerable.
Which Bird Orders are
the IVIost Threatened?
Of the 27 orders of birds, 23 contain threatened species.
The following five orders have more than 50 threatened
species each: Passeriformes (song birds) 542; Psittac-
iformes (parrots) 89; Galliformes (pheasants, partridges,
etc) 71; Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) 55; and
Gruiformes (rails and cranes) 54. While these are all in
the top ten largest orders in terms of numbers of species,
the correlation between the size of the group and the
number of threatened species does not match as well as it
does with the larger mammal orders. For example, there
are more species within the Apodiformes (swifts and
hummingbirds) than four of the five orders listed above,
yet fewer species (35) are listed as threatened. For the
total number of threatened birds in each order refer to
Data Table 1 , page 44.
The five orders of birds that have the highest percent-
age of threatened species are: Gruiformes (25.6%); Galli-
formes (25.2%); Psittaciformes (24.7%); Columbiformes
(16.7%); and Coraciiformes (kingfishers, bee-eaters, etc.)
( 1 1 .5%). Among the Passeriformes, only 9.5% of the
species are threatened.
Other medium-sized and small orders that should be
highlighted include: Procellariiformes (albatrosses and
petrels), Podicipediformes (grebes), Apterygiformes
(kiwis), and Casuariiformes (cassowaries). Twenty-nine
percent of Procellariiformes and 18% of Podiciped-
ifomies are threatened. These percentages are not very
high in relation to some mammal orders. However, both
orders have very high percentages of Critically
Endangered species, 10%' and 9% respectively.
There are only three species of kiwis, of which all are
considered Vulnerable. Of the four species of cas-
sowaries, two are Vulnerable and one is considered
Lower Risk near-threatened.
Which Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes,
and Invertebrates are the Most
Threatened?
In total, 253 species of reptiles have been assessed as
threatened with extinction. Of the six orders of reptiles,
three have been completely assessed. These are
Crocodylia (crocodiles and alligators), Rhynchocephalia
(tuatara), and Testudines (tortoises, turtles, and terrap-
ins). The remaining three orders (snakes, lizards and
amphisbaenians) make up the majority of reptiles and are
still awaiting comprehensive assessment. However,
much insight can be gained by looking at the status of the
three groups that have been comprehensively evaluated.
There are two species of tuatara, both of which are
found on small islands around New Zealand. These are
the last remaining representatives of an order, and one
of the species is listed as Vulnerable.
Of the 23 species of crocodilians, ten (43%) are
threatened (Figure 5). While this high percentage is
alarming, and some species continue to decrease in num-
bers, the crocodilians are one of the few orders that have
experienced an overall improvement in status over the
past 20 years due to conservation measures (Messel etal.
1992).
Of the known species of tortoises, turtles and terrap-
ins, (not including Data Deficient species) 96 (38%) are
threatened, 47 ( 19%) are near-threatened, and one is con-
Intro 27
Macroscelidea (15)
Lagomorpha (81)
Rodentia (2,067)
Artiodactyla (225)
Hyracoidea (6) |l I III I III I III
Perissodactyla (19)
Proboscidea (2)
Sirenia (5)
Cetacea (81)
llllllllllllll
Carnivora(271) pmmii 1 1 II IIT
Primates (233)
Chiroptera (938) pirn
Dermoptera (2)
Scandentia (19)
Insectivora (371)
Xenarthra (29)
DIprotodontia (123)
Notoryctemorphia (2)
Peramelemorphia (24)
Dasyuromorphia (64)
Microbiotheria (1)
Paucituberculata (5)
Didelphimorphia (63)
Monotremata (3)
sillllllllll
HI
lllllllllllll
iiiiiii I mil iiiiiiii II
UUL
iiiiiillllll
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IT
or
TTTTTT
IIE
III iiiiiiirrmTn
lllllllllllll
IIIMIIIIIIIIIIIII
elephant shrews
rabbits, hares
rodents
pigs, hippos
hyraxes
horses, rhinos, tapirs
elephants
manatees, dugong
whales, dolphins
foxes, bears, cats
primates
bats
flying lemurs
tree shrews
shrews, moles
armadillos, sloths
wallabies, kangaroos
marsupial moles
bandicoots, bilbies
numbats, dunnarls
colocolo
shrew oppossums
New World marsupials
echidnas, platypuses
0%
20%
40% 60%
% Threatened
80%
1 00%
■ Critically Endangered
D Endangered
QDVulnerabie
n Lower Risk
Figure 3. The proportion of each mammal order that is threatened. Orders where no species are threatened have not been listed.
These are Pholidota (pangolins) and Tubulidentata (the aardvark). While the Order Pholidota is not listed, four of the seven species
are listed as Lower Risk near threatened. Species that are Data Deficient are not included. The total number of species in each order
is listed in parentheses. Examples of each order are provided on the right hand side.
Intro 28
Passeriformes (5,771)
Piciformes (408)
Coraciiformes (219)
Trogoniformes (39) O
Apoditormes (426)
Caprimulgiformes (116)
Strigiformes (206)
Cuculiformes (143) t illl
Psittaciformes (373) ■■....:.
Columbiformes (339) ■OHHI
Charadriiformes (352) ■ mill
Gruiformes (228)
Galllformes (272)
Falconiformes (311)
Anseriformes (1 67)
Ciconilformes (130)
IE
fTTTTTn
Pelecaniformes (67) pllllllll
Procellariiformes (115)
Podicipediformes (24)
Sphenisciformes (17)
Tinamiformes (46) ^mHIII
Apterygiformes (3)
Casuariiformes (4)
lllllllll
miE
TTTTTT
HT
Trrm
20%
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIITTTTnT
llllllllllll
40% 60%
% Threatened
80%
songbirds
puffbirds, barbels
kingfishers, todies
trogons, quetzals
swifts, hummingbirds
oilbirds, frogmouths
owls
turacos, cuckoos
parrots, macaws
pigeons, doves
plovers, gulls, auks
rails, cranes, kagus
pheasants, quails
hawks, eagles
swans, geese
storks, ibises
gannets, pelicans
albatrosses, petrels
grebes
penguins
tinamous
kiwis
cassowaries, emus
1 00%
I Critically Endangered [3 Endangered QI] Vulnerable Q Lower Risk
Figure 4. The proportion of each bird order that is threatened. Bird orders with no threatened species have not been listed. These are
Struthioniformes (ostriches), Rheiformes (rheas), Gaviiformes (loons), and Coliiformes (mousebirds). The total number of species in
each order is listed in parentheses. Examples of each order are provided on the right hand side.
Intro 29
Testudine
(Turtles and Tortoises)
Endangered
Lower Risk Ic
43%
Crocodylia
(Alligators and Crocodiles)
Lower Risk Ic
57%
Lower Risk cd
0.40%
Lower Risk nt
19%
Vulnerable
13%
Figure 5. The status of two reptilian orders ttiat tiave been completely assessed. Testudine (turtles and tortoises) and Crocodylia
(alligators and crocodiles). Data Deficient species tiave not been included. The subcategories Lower Risk conservation dependent
and Lower Risk near threatened are not included on the Crocodylia chart, since none of these species fall into these subcategories.
servation dependent (Figure 5). There is, therefore, cause
for concern for 57% of these species. The majority of
this order is comprised of freshwater turtles, and the high
proportion of threatened species within this group corre-
sponds with other freshwater-dependent species such as
inland water crustaceans, freshwater fishes, and freshwa-
ter molluscs. However, the seven turtle species which
have a completely marine existence are all threatened.
While an examination of the three orders of reptiles
that have been completely assessed only provides a par-
tial picture of the current status of all reptiles, the high
proportion of threatened species in each of these orders
(50%, 43% and 38%) indicates that the overall estimate
of 20% of reptile species as threatened is probably low
for the entire class.
Species from two of the three amphibian orders have
been evaluated. Eighty-eight species of Anura (frogs and
toads) and 36 species of the order Caudata (salamanders
and newts) have been listed as threatened. These num-
bers are certainly under-estimates as relatively few have
been evaluated. No species in the order Apoda (caecil-
ians) has yet been assessed. There has been much debate
as to whether or not amphibians are experiencing a high
rate of global decline (Wyman 1990; Wake 1991;
Pounds and Crump 1994). Given that the percentage of
amphibians that are estimated to be threatened (25%) is
similar to that of mammals, reptiles, and fishes, immedi-
ate evidence suggests that they are experiencing a similar
level of threat to most other orders. Because only a very
small proportion of amphibians have been assessed, it is
certainly possible that the percentage of threatened
species has been significantly underestimated.
Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates in terms of
numbers of species, totaling approximately 24,000
described species. Threatened species have been identi-
fied in four of the six classes of fishes, including 32 of the
58 orders. The assessments have focused primarily on
freshwater species. However, over 100 marine fishes
have been added to the 1996 lUCN Red List including
sharks, tunas, coral reef fishes, and seahorses. The sta-
tus of the remaining 14,000 or so marine species is
unknown, but given the recent additions to the list, it is
clear that they are not as secure as was once believed.
Much more is known about the status of fish species
occurring in freshwater environments. Orders for which
all species have been assessed include Acipenseriformes
(sturgeons and paddlefishes) and Coelacanthiformes
(coelacanth). All sturgeon and paddlefish species are
threatened or near threatened: 6 are Critically Endang-
ered, 1 1 are Endangered, 8 Vulnerable, and 2 are near
threatened. This is a very small order in which the major-
ity of species are heavily exploited (DeSalle and Birstein
1996). Thus, this high level of threat is unlikely to be
indicative of its entire class. The coelacanth, listed as
Intro 30
Vulnerable, is the only living species in its order and
class. Orders with particularly high numbers of threat-
ened species are Cypriniformes (minnows, carps,
loaches, suckers, etc.) with 191 species listed, and
Perciformes (Perch, Cichlids, etc.) with 227. These are
primarily threatened due to the introduction of exotics,
habitat degradation, and construction of barriers and
other obstacles to movement. Many regions still remain
to be assessed for the conservation status of their fresh-
water fish species, but wherever surveys are conducted
more threatened fishes are found (Groombridge 1993).
Most animal species are invertebrates, and the over-
whelming majority of threatened species is likely to be
invertebrates. Very few of these invertebrate populations
have been assessed relative to their total numbers, thus
it is difficult to infer much about their conservation sta-
tus. The groups that have received most attention are
crustaceans, insects, and molluscs. Within the class
Insecta (insects), the orders with over 100 threatened
species are Hymenoptera (social insects), Lepidoptera
(butterflies and moths), and Odonata (damselflies and
dragonflies). The fact that these orders have more known
threatened species than the others is probably a reflection
of their relative popularity. It is clear that those insect
groups that have received minimal attention have many
threatened species and further examination will most
likely yield similar results.
There are more threatened molluscs (920 total)
included in this Red List than any other invertebrate
group, but the number that have been assessed only rep-
resents a small proportion of the estimated 70,000 docu-
mented species (Hammond 1995). The outstanding gap
in our knowledge of threatened molluscan taxa is the
tropical forest environments, where many small range
endemics are most likely declining due to habitat destruc-
tion. Two of the classes of molluscs are included in the
Red List: Gastropoda and Bivalvia. Of gastropods, a
high percent of threatened species are island endemics
endangered by habitat destruction and/or the introduction
of exotics. These species make up roughly 38% of all
threatened molluscs. In the Pacific Islands, a major prob-
lem is the continued spread of the predatory snail
Euglandina rosea and the use of alien flatworms as bio-
logical control agents. About 1 8% of the threatened mol-
luscs are spring-snails from the United States, Australia,
and Europe. These snails tend to have very restricted
ranges, and are dependent on good water quality and the
persistence of springs that are often subject to human
utilization (Seddon in prep).
Until the 1996 lUCN Red List only a few marine mol-
luscs were listed as threatened (giant clams), and most
were commercially harvested. As a result of incidental
harvesting, and habitat decline due to invasive alien plant
species, a number of narrow range endemic marine
species have now been added to the list. However, the
majority of the threatened bivalves are freshwater
species, that are threatened due to the introduction of
exotic species, construction of man-made barriers, over-
harvesting, pollution, and habitat destruction. The fact
that such a high percentage of threatened mollusc species
occur on islands and in restricted freshwater environ-
ments is consistent with data from other taxonomic
groups, which suggest that species occurring in these sys-
tems are particularly likely to be threatened.
The number of threatened inland freshwater crus-
taceans strongly supports the notion that species in fresh-
water habitats are particularly at risk. The two orders
with the greatest number of threatened species are the
Decapoda (crayfishes) and the Amphipoda (amphipods)
with 168 and 67 threatened species respectively. The
crayfishes at risk are virtually all threatened by habitat
loss. Most of the threatened amphipods live in extremely
re.stricted and vulnerable environments (caves). Only
two species of marine crustaceans are included in the Red
List, the coconut crab and the California Bay pea crab.
The status of other species of marine crustaceans is
unknown.
Where are the Threatened Taxa?
Countries with the Largest Number
of Threatened Species
The identification of the countries with the largest num-
ber of threatened species enables countries to be
informed of their global responsibility to protect and
maintain all species for which they are the stewards. Not
all countries are the same size or harbor equal numbers of
species, thus each country should not be evaluated by
the same standard.
This section includes discussion relating to mammals
and birds and highlights the countries with the largest
numbers of threatened species. In many cases, estimates
are given for the following: the total number of species in
a region; the percentage of endemic species; and the per-
centage of a country's species that are threatened. These
estimates are based on figures in the World Conservation
Monitoring Centre (1994). Taxonomy followed in this
source might differ from that used in the Red List.
However, it is important to include these estimates of
species richness and endemism, as they give perspective
to the levels of threat in each country.
Mammals
With 128 threatened species, Indonesia has by far the
largest number of threatened species in the world, fol-
lowed by China and India each with 75 threatened
Intro 31
Table 1
Countries with the Most Species
Of Threatened (CR,
EN, VU) Mammals
Number of
Total Number
Percent
Total Number
Threatened
of Mammals
Threatened
of Endemics
Mammals
in Country
Indonesia
128
436
29%
201
China
75
394
19%
77
India
75
316
24%
44
Brazil
71
394
18%
96
Mexico
64
450
14%
140
Australia
58
252
23%
198
Papua New Guinea
57
214
27%
57
Philippines
49
153
32%
97
Madagascar
46
105
44%
77
Peru
46
344
13%
45
Kenya
43
359
12%
21
Malaysia
42
286
15%
27
Zaire
38
415
9%
28
Viet Nam
38
213
18%
7
Ethiopia
35
255
14%
31
USA
35
428
8%
101
Colombia
35
359
10%
28
Thailand
34
265
13%
7
South Africa
33
247
13%
27
Tanzania
33
322
10%
14
species. Tliese countries all have liigh numbers of mam-
mal species (Table 1). Indonesia is ranked second in
total number of mammal species. China fifth, and India
about tenth. These countries also have extremely high
human populations. In sum, they account for 43% of
the world's population (Rand McNally 1992). While
these countries are some of the most species rich in the
world, they also have a high proportion of mammals that
are threatened with extinction: Indonesia 29%, China
19%, and India 24%. However, not all countries with
high total numbers of mammal species have such high
proportions of threatened species. Mexico, Zaire, and
United States also rank in the top ten countries with the
most mammal species, but harbor a significantly lower
proportion of threatened mammals: 14%, 9%, and 8%
respectively.
After Indonesia, China, and India, the countries with
the largest number of threatened mammal species are, in
decreasing order; Brazil, Mexico, Australia, Papua New
Guinea, Philippines, Madagascar, and Peru. For more
information on the number of threatened species in each
country, refer to Data Table 3, page 51.
Australia, the Philippines, and Madagascar all have
exceptionally high proportions of mammal species that
are endemic. They are also among the countries with
the highest percent of mammals that are threatened.
Twenty three percent of Australia's mammals are threat-
ened, and 79% of the country's species are endemic: 32%
of the Philippine mammals are threatened, and 63% of aU
their mammals are endemic; 44% of Madagascar's mam-
mals are threatened, and 73% of all the country's mam-
mals ai'e endemic.
As shown in Figure 6, the countries with the most
threatened species are not all located in one region. Of
the 20 countries with the most threatened mammals, 35%
are from Asia, 30% from Africa, and 15% from South
Intro 32
Table 2
Countries with the Most Species of Threatened (CR,
EN, VU) Birds
Number of
Total Number
Percent
Total Number
Threatened
of Birds in
Threatened
of Endemics
Birds
Country
Indonesia
104
1,531
7%
397
Brazil
103
1,635
6%
177
China
90
1,244
7%
87
Philippines
86
556
15%
183
India
73
1,219
6%
55
Colombia
64
1,695
4%
62
Peru
64
1,678
4%
109
Ecuador
53
1,559
3%
37
USA
50
768
7%
71
Viet Nam
47
761
6%
10
Thailand
45
915
5%
3
Australia
45
751
6%
355
Myanmar
44
999
4%
4
New Zealand
44
287
15%
150
Argentina
41
976
4%
19
Russia
38
7
?
13
Mexico
36
1,026
4%
89
Malaysia
34
736
5%
11
Japan
33
583
6%
21
Papua New Guinea
31
708
4%
85
America. While 30% of the 20 countries with the most
threatened species are in Africa, only Madagascar is
listed in the top ten.
Birds
Indonesia, Brazil, and China have the highest numbers of
threatened species of birds: 104, 103, and 90 respec-
tively. Indonesia has the fifth highest number of bird
species in the world, of which 7% are threatened. It also
has the most endemic bird species. Brazil has the third
largest number of bird species with 6% of them threat-
ened. Although China has the eighth largest number of
bird species, it has the third largest number of threatened
species. As is the case with the mammals, the countries
with the most threatened species also have extremely
high human populations. Of the 20 nations with the most
threatened bird species, these three countries have about
the average proportion of species at risk of extinction.
However, countries such as Bolivia, Venezuela, and
Zaire, not listed on Table 2, also have high numbers of
bird species (over 1,000 each), yet these three countries
have less than one third of the number of threatened
species of the countries listed above, and roughly 2% of
each nation's avifauna is threatened.
Other countries that harbor large numbers of threat-
ened bird species are, in decreasing order: the Philip-
pines, India, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, the United States,
and Viet Nam.
Countries listed in Table 2 with a high proportion of
endemic birds are Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia,
and New Zealand. While the percent of threatened birds
in Indonesia and Australia is close to the average of all
countries listed m Figure 2, 15% of the avifauna of the
Philippines and of New Zealand is at risk of extinction,
a remarkably high figure for birds.
Figure 7 clearly demonstrates that the countries with
Intro 33
m
+
o
f)
f>
CM
■=f
'S-
CM
m
o
■
■
a
n
Intro 34
m
+
o
m
o
CM
■*
■^
C\]
tn
o
■
■
D
D
is
z °
LU a
CC E
o §
^-' c
0) w
ro ■=
O Q
Q. 0)
11
S 0)
1 §>
tZ 0)
i: c
■^ to
Q. ">
5)g
0) E
Intro 35
140
♦
S 120
u
V
5-100
•5
1 60
♦
♦
«
#
•o 60
♦ ♦
f 20
♦.* ♦ ♦ *
♦
odi
0
Is'.*
20 40 60
80
100
Threatened Bird Spec
es
Figure 8. The correlation between threatened bird and
mammal species within 230 geopolltcal regions (r =.74).
the highest number of threatened bird species are located
in the New World and Asia. Of the 20 countries with
the largest number of threatened avian species 50% are
from Asia, 25% South America, and 15% from Oceania.
It is of particular note that there is not one African coun-
try listed in Table 2.
The Relationship Between Areas of
Threat for Birds and l\/lammals
Many countries with large numbers of threatened birds
also have large numbers of threatened inammals.
Indonesia, China, Brazil, and India appear in the top five
for both classes.
Figure 8 shows a strong relationship between the
number of threatened birds and threatened mammals
found in 230 different geopolitical units of the world.
While there could be many factors influencing this cor-
relation, such as country size and number of species in
each geopolitical unit, this correlation indicates that, gen-
erally, where there are areas of larger numbers of threat-
ened birds there will also be larger numbers of threatened
mammals. This relationship suggests that the two groups
may be susceptible to similar types of threat. If such a
relationship could be established across all taxa, while
remaining constant at different geographic scales, spe-
cific indicator groups could credibly be used to set pri-
orities for conservation. The geographic threat patterns
of other vertebrate groups is much less clear, as these
groups have not been thoroughly assessed.
Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes,
and Invertebrates
The taxonomic groups covered by Figure 9, have not
been comprehensively assessed, and thus are suscepti-
ble to regional biases based on information availability.
For example, it is not likely that the United States has
twice as many threatened invertebrate species as any
other country. The reality is that the status of molluscs,
crustaceans, and insects is particularly well-known in this
country. Although the sequence of countries and the
number of threatened species is very incomplete. Figure
9 clearly identifies some countries with large numbers
of threatened species in these taxonomic groups. For fur-
ther information on the number and status of species in
each geopolitical region, refer to Data Tables 3 and 4,
starting on page 51.
Factors Affecting Threat
The lUCN Red List categories have been designed to
identify species that are threatened with extinction by
flagging those taxa that are: experiencing significant pop-
ulation declines, restricted in distribution, have very low
population numbers, or exhibit any combination of these
factors. Also, some species have been listed on the basis
of very small distributions (making them susceptible to
stochastic events). The majority of species qualify as
Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable as a
result of human-induced threats, though there are often
many reasons why a species is listed as threatened.
Habitat reduction, fragmentation, and degradation are
unquestionably the most significant threats to the major-
ity of species at risk of extinction (Hanski et al. 1 995).
This is supported by the high percentage of species, in all
major taxonomic groups, listed with the criteria/subcrite-
ria combinations that specifically cite habitat loss or
degredation as a threat: Ale; A2c; Bl-t-2c; B2c-t-B3 and
any of the B3 subcriteria (a, b. c, d). It is likely that many
species listed under Criteria C, D, and E are also threat-
ened due to habitat loss and degradation, but it is not
required that specific threats are identified for these cri-
teria. The following figures are based on the proportion
of threatened species in each major taxonomic group
where habitat loss or degradation is specifically identi-
fied as one of the main reasons for the species threat-
ened status: Mammals 75%, Birds 44%, Reptiles 68%,
Amphibians 58%, Fishes 55%, Crustaceans 52%, Insects
47%, Bivalves 95%, and Gastropods 50%. While this is
undoubtedly an underestimate of the proportion of
species that are threatened due to habitat reduction, frag-
mentation, and degradation, it clearly highlights the
importance of maintaining intact ecological systems for
the preservation of biodiversity.
The recent human population explosion in conjunc-
tion with economic development, has led to large-scale
transformation of natural systems into human-dominated
landscapes. The growing human population increases
Intro 36
pressure on the world's remaining intact habitats, includ-
ing the most biodiversity rich regions of the world, such
as in tropical forest countries. Habitat reduction, frag-
mentation, and degradation cause many species to
decline in numbers and split once contiguous populations
into several subpopulations, each of which has an ele-
vated extinction risk (WCMC 1992; Hanski et al. 1995).
The introduction of non-native species often leads to
hybridization, competition, predation, disease, parasites,
and the alteration of ecological relationships between
species, thus threatening entire ecological communities.
Although the introduction of exotics is a growing threat
in all ecosystems, it is particularly severe in aquatic sys-
tems and on oceanic islands, where many species have
evolved in relatively small, isolated environments. This
is reflected in the high number of island birds and mol-
luscs, and freshwater fishes and molluscs, that have
become extinct during the past 400 years, in part, as a
result of the introduction of exotics (WCMC 1992).
Exploitation of species is responsible for the severe
decline of many of the larger vertebrate and marine fish
species in the Red List. The Aid and A2d criterion and
subcriteria identify species that have experienced or will
undergo rapid declines as a result of actual or potential
levels of exploitation. The proportion of threatened
species listed under this criterion and subcriteria provide
a general indication of the major taxonomic groups that
are experiencing the greatest levels of exploitation.
However, it does not necessarily represent the percent
of species threatened due to exploitation, because species
may be listed under other criteria (B, C, D, and E) that
do not specify whether exploitation is a specific threat.
As a proportion of the number of threatened species, 13%
of mammals, 7% of birds. 31% of reptiles, and 68% of
marine fishes were assessed with the Aid or A2d crite-
rion and subcriteria.
The declines, due to exploitation, are the result of har-
vesting for reasons of commercial value, human subsis-
tence, and sport. Other important human-induced threats
include pollution and climate change (this latter factor is
believed to be particularly significant for high-altitude
amphibian species).
Changes from the lUCN Red List
Over the Last Six Years
A summary of the number of threatened species recog-
nized in 1990, 1994, and the current 1996 edition of the
lUCN Red List, in each major group of animals, is shown
in Table 3. Changes in these data reflect changes in the
taxonomic extent of assessments, in the systematics and
Table 3
Total Number of Threatened Species
1990
1994
Total
4,477
5,929
1996
Mammals
535
741
1,096
Birds
1,026
970
1,107
Reptiles
169
316
253
.Amphibians
57
169
124
Fishes
713
979
734
Invertebrates
1,977
2,754
1,891
5,205
Note: The figures for 1990, 1994, and 1996 (this book) are not exactly comparable.
The 1990 figures exclude Ex species but include Ex? and include 182 Commercially
Threatened (CT) invertebrates. 1 994 figures exclude all these but include K
(Insufficiently Known) species. The 1996 figures include only species in the new
CR, EN, and VU categories.
Intro 37
Countries with the IVIost
Threatened Species of Reptiles
40
35
.2 ^°
'u
(D
5" 25
■D
V
B 20
to
0)
»- 15
o
I 10
Countries with the IVIost
Threatened Species of Amphibians
10
llllllllll.
Figure 9. The fifteen countries witti the largest number of known threatened reptiles, amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates. In the
amphibian and fish graphs, there are several countries with the same number of threatened species. The countries tied for fifteenth
place are lumped together for graphical purposes.
Intro 38
■g 80
40
Countries with the IVIost
Threatened Species of Fishes
lllllll
W3 CO to to
Countries with the IVIost
Threatened Species of Invertebrates
600
200
Intro 39
nomenclature of the species listed, in the categories that
were included in the summary in the past (see footnote to
table), and most notably, the major redesign of the cate-
gory system used for the 1996 assessments. The sum-
mary data derived from recent Red Lists do not yet
provide a firm guide to changes in the "on the ground"
conservation status of the world fauna, but 1996 will set
a baseline for mammals and birds: leaving changes in
nomenclature aside, future assessments using the revised
system will much more accurately indicate changes in
the actual conservation status of these species.
The 1994 figures included species in the old
Insufficiently Known (K) category; if assessed, most
such species would now appear as Data Deficient (DD),
some possibly as Lower Risk (near threatened). The old
Indeterminate (I) category was also included in the sum-
mary; most of these would also now appear as DD or
LR;nt. Around 2,000 K and I species were listed in 1994.
There were 2, 114 vertebrates listed as Endangered
(E), Vulnerable (V), or Rare (R) in 1994; these categories
correspond loosely with the threatened group of cate-
gories (CR, EN, and VU) in the new system (a number of
former Rare species will not now meet criteria for threat-
ened status); so the 1994 figure may be compared fairly
directly with a total of 3,314 threatened vertebrate
species in 1996, an increase of 1,200 species. As noted
above, all the world's known mammal species have been
assessed for 1996, and this group, with 631 more species
in the threatened categories (as equated above) in 1996 as
compared with 1994, account for a significant part of
the increase. The number of birds considered threatened
(as above) has increased by around 680, a difference due
to use of the new category system and a number of
nomenclatural changes. Changes in the reptiles, amphib-
ians, and fishes are far smaller: increases of 39, 5, and
104, respectively. All these differences are of course
net differences between totals in 1994 and 1996, and do
not reveal the pattern of change between categories,
including movement in and out of the threatened group
of categories.
Extinction
How Many Species have Recently Become
Extinct and Whiere are they Found?
Extinction is a natural process. It is estimated that 95%
of all species that ever existed are now extinct (Sepkoski
1995). However, this process of extinction has occurred
over a very long time-scale (3.5 billion years) and despite
extinctions, there has been a general trend of increasing
species richness (WCMC 1992; May et al. 1995).
From the fossil record it is possible to determine the
Table 4
Recorded Number of Extinctions*
Extinct
Extinct in
the Wild
Tola
Mammals
86
3
89
Birds
104
4
108
Reptiles
20
1
21
Amphibians
5
0
5
Fishes
81
11
92
Molluscs
230
9
239
Crustaceans
9
1
10
Insects
72
1
73
Other invertebrates
4
0
4
Total
611
30
*Does not include species that went extinct
more than 400 years ago.
average life-span of a species. This is thought to be 5-
10 million years. If there are 5-10 million extant species,
the background extinction rate should be about one
species per year (May er a/. 1995). While the exact num-
ber of species that are being lost per day or year is uncer-
tain, it is clear that current extinction rates are very much
higher than would be expected. Even the number of doc-
umented extinctions over the last 400 years (611)
exceeds background estimates. This is alarming, because
the number of documented extinctions is without doubt
a gross underestimate of the number of species that have
been lost over the past 400 years.
This gross underestimate is because most species have
not been described, and of the species that have been
catalogued, only extinctions of the best-known species
have been documented over any length of time (mam-
mals, birds, and molluscs). Also, as stated earlier, the
status of the great majority of species remains unknown.
Table 4 shows that 86 documented mammal extinc-
tions (1.8% of the total number of mammals) have
occurred over the past 400 years. Roughly, 23% of these
extinctions have occurred in Australia and 23% in the
West Indies. The greatest number of extinctions has
been among the rodents and bats, 46 and 13 species
respectively. These orders are also the two largest and
have the largest number of threatened species. It is inter-
Intro 40
esting to note that of all the mammal orders, primates
have the fourth largest number of threatened species, but
no documented extinction yet.
Over the same time period there have been 104 docu-
mented bird extinctions (1% of the total number of
birds), 20% of which occurred in Mauritius, 18% in the
United States (mostly Hawaiian islands), and 14% in
New Zealand. Other geopolitical units with large num-
bers of bird extinctions are Reunion, Australia, and
French Polynesia. This list clearly demonstrates that the
majority of bird extinctions has taken place on islands.
The largest number of extinctions (32) is in the largest
order, Passeriformes. Other orders with large numbers of
extinct species are Psittaciformes (13), Gruiformes (13),
and Columbiformes (10), all of which are in the top five
orders with the largest number of threatened species. It is
interesting to note that while Galliformes have the third
highest number of threatened species, only one is Extinct
and one Extinct in the Wild.
Mollusc extinctions have been more thoroughly mon-
itored than any other invertebrate group. However,
records of documented extinctions only go back to the
mid-19th century (WCMC 1992). Gastropods account
for the majority of recent documented mollusc extinc-
tions, most of which are in the order Stylommatophora.
An extremely high proportion of the now extinct
Stylommatophora were endemic to oceanic islands. All
recent recorded bivalve extinctions have occurred in
freshwater environments and have been from the order
Unionoida. Given that there has been little attempt to
document the extinctions of most invertebrate groups
for any period of time, one can only guess how large the
extinction list would be if these species, which account
for more than 95% of all animals, were thoroughly doc-
umented and monitored.
Concluding Remarks
The vast number of threatened species listed in this doc-
ument and the high proportion of threatened species in
the two classes that have been comprehensively assessed,
indicate that a significant proportion of the world's fauna
is threatened with extinction. Eleven percent of all birds
and 25% of all mammals are believed to be threatened. If
either one of these classes is representative of the pro-
portion of other life forms that are threatened, the future
status of biodiversity looks very bleak. While the 5,205
species listed as threatened in this document is alarm-
ingly high, it is important to recognize that less than 10%
of the 1 .7 million documented species have been evalu-
ated, and that the 1 .7 million documented species repre-
sent a relatively small proportion of all species believed
to exist on this planet. Thus, it is reasonable to believe
that the 5,205 threatened species is a small indicator of a
much larger global phenomenon of biodiversity loss.
Given the current state of knowledge, when future gen-
erations look back at the 20th century and try to make
sense of the lack of commitment to preserving biodiver-
sity, many reasons may be cited, but ignorance of the
magnitude of the issue will not be a valid justification
for inaction.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Simon Stuart, Georgina Mace,
Mariano Gimenez Dixon, Brian Groombridge, Elodie
Hudson, and Elizabeth McCance for their helpful com-
ments in the preparation of this analysis.
Intro 41
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Intro 43
Data Tables
Data Table 1
Status Category Summary for all Classes and Orders
Class Mammalia
Order
Monotremata
Didelphimorphia
Paucituberculata
Microbiotheria
Dasyuromorphia
Peramelemorphia
Notoryctemorphia
Diprotodontia
Xenarthra
Insectivora
Scandentia
Dermoptera
Chiroptera
Primates
Carnivora
Cetacea
Sirenia
Proboscidea
Perissodactyla
Hyracoidea
Artiodactyla
Pholidota
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
Macroscelidea
Subtotal
EX EW Subtotal CR
EN
VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
15
21
0
18
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
6
10
16
0
5
10
3
0
3
0
1
3
4
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
6
0
6
2
15
17
34
i
21
11
0
0
0
0
3
5
8
0
2
6
6
0
6
37
48
67
152
0
5
6
0
0
0
0
2
4
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
13
0
13
26
32
173
231
2
210
43
0
0
0
13
29
54
96
3
37
22
3
1
4
4
24
37
65
4
11
19
0
0
0
2
6
6
14
14
1
38
1
0
1
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
2
4
4
3
11
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
5
1
6
9
28
33
70
45
32
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
46
0
46
66
98
166
330
5
243
33
1
0
1
3
8
5
16
0
8
3
0
0
0
0
3
4
7
0
0
0
86
3
89
169
315
612
1096
75
598
209
Class Aves
Order
Struthioniformes
Rheiformes
Casuariiformes
Apterygiformes
Tinamiformes
Sphenisciformes
Podicipediformes
Procellariiformes
Pelecaniformes
Ciconiiformes
Anseriformes
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
2
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
5
7
0
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
1
1
4
0
1
0
1
0
1
11
6
15
32
0
11
4
1
0
1
1
0
12
13
0
7
1
6
0
6
6
7
8
21
0
14
0
6
0
6
4
2
19
25
0
10
0
Intro 44
Order
EX EW Subtotal CR
EN
VU Subtotal LRxd LR:nt DD
Falconiformes
2
0
2
4
8
19
31
0
44
2
Galliformes
1
1
2
12
10
49
71
0
35
1
Gruiformes
13
1
14
7
17
30
54
1
13
4
Gharadriiformes
4
0
4
4
8
22
34
1
25
0
Columbiformes
10
1
11
13
8
34
55
1
45
0
Psittaciformes
13
1
14
9
28
52
89
0
40
0
Guculiformes
1
0
1
1
3
6
10
0
9
2
Strigiformes
Caprimulgiformes
Apodiformes
Trogoniformes
Coraciiformes
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
4
3
8
0
3
5
1
7
1
5
17
3
20
1
17
26
7
35
2
25
0
0
0
0
0
15
10
25
3
22
3
6
4
0
2
Piciformes
1
0
1
2
4
8
14
0
34
0
Passeriformes
32
0
32
72
114
356
542
8
502
38
Subtotal
104
4
108
168
235
704
1107
11
875
66
Class Reptilla
Order
Crocodylia
Rhyncfiocephialia
Sauria
Serpentes
Testudines
Subtotal
0
0
0
4
3
3
10
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
12
15
15
66
96
0
23
35
3
0
3
12
13
25
50
0
9
13
6
0
6
10
28
58
96
1
47
23
20
21
41
59
153
253
79
74
Class Amphibia
Order
Anura
Caudata
Subtotal
15
3
23
31
50
25
75
36
124
17
25
35
7
42
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Order
Petromyzontiformes
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
5
3
Subtotal
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
5
3
Class Elasmobranchii
Order
Hexancfiiformes
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
Orectolobiformes
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Lamniformes
0
0
0
0
1
3
4
0
0
0
Carcfiariniformes
0
0
0
1
1
2
4
0
0
0
Squaliformes
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
Intro 45
Data Table 1
Continued
Order EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
Pristiformes 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Rajiformes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myiiobatiformes 0 0 0 0 10 1
Subtotal .000 1 7 7 15
Class Actlnopterygll
Class Sarcopterygll
Class Echlnoldea
Order
Echinoida
Subtotal
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Order
Acipenseriformes
0
0
0
6
11
8
25
0
2
0
Osteoglossiformes
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
1
Clupeiformes
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
0
0
8
Cypriniformes
17
1
18
41
36
114
191
-7
30
68
Characiformes
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
6
Siluriformes
1
0
1
8
7
22
37
0
4
24
Salmoniformes
5
0
5
8
6
22
36
0
6
22
Percopsiformes
0
0
0
1
0
3
4
0
0
0
Gadiformes
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
0
0
0
Ophidiiformes
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
0
0
1
Batrachoidiformes
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
Lophiiformes
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
Atheriniformes
1
0
1
6
5
31
42
0
8
28
Cyprinodontiformes
10
5
15
18
20
25
63
0
3
11
Beloniformes
0
0
0
2
3
8
13
0
1
2
Gasterosteiformes
0
0
0
1
0
2
3
0
0
4
Syngnathiformes
0
0
0
1
0
36
37
0
0
11
Synbranchiformes
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
Scorpaeniformes
1
0
1
3
1
5
9
0
0
2
Perciformes
45
5
50
59
30
138
227
5
40
53
Pleuronectiformes
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
Tetraodontiformes
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
5
Subtotal
80
11
91
156
125
434
715
12
96
250
Order
Coelacanthiformes
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
Subtotal
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Intro 46
Class Arachnida
Order
iX
EW
Subtotal
CR
EN
VU i
subtc
0
0
0
0
1
7
8
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Araneae
Opiliones
Pseudoscorpionida
Subtotal 0 0 0 0 1 9 10
Class Chllopoda
4
0
4
6
5
56
67
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
8
8
0
0
0
5
10
10
25
1
0
1
4
0
47
51
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
0
1
1
0
6
7
1
0
1
24
48
96
168
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
18
18
0
1
1
7
9
22
38
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
2
1
0
8
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
1
Order
Scolopendromorpha 000 001 1 000
Subtotal 000 001 1 000
Class Crustacea
Order
Amphipoda
Anaspidacea
Anomopoda
Anostraca
Calanoida
Conchostraca
Cyclopoida
Decapoda
Halocyprida
Harpacticoida
Isopoda
Mictacea
Misophrioida
Myodocopida
Mysidacea
Notostraca
Podocopida
Thoracica
Subtotal 9 1 10 54 73 280 407 9 1 31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
19
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Class Insecta
Order
Anoplura
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
Blattaria
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Coieoptera
17
0
17
10
15
26
51
0
3
0
Collembola
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dermaptera
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
Diptera
3
0
3
1
2
1
4
0
0
0
Ephemeroptera
2
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
Grylloblattaria
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
Intro 47
Data Table 1
Continued
Order EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
Hemiptera
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Homoptera
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
Hymenoptera
0
0
0
3
0
142
145
0
7
1
Lepidoptera
38
0
38
7
36
116
159
0
46
25
Mantodea
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Mecoptera
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Neuroptera
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Odonata
2
0
2
13
55
39
107
0
17
11
Orthoptera
2
1
3
8
8
49
65
3
0
2
Phasmatoptera
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Plecoptera
1
0
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
Thysanura
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Trichoptera
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Zoraptera
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Subtotal 72 1 73 44 116 377 537 3 77 40
Class Merostomata
Order
Xiphosura
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
Subtotal
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
Classs Onychophora
Order
Onychophora
3
0
3
1
3
2
6
0
1
Subtotal
3
0
3
1
3
2
6
0
1
Class Hirudinea
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Order
Arhynchobdellae
0
0
Subtotal
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class Oligochaeta
0
0
1
0
4
5
0
Order
Haplotaxida
0
0
Subtotal
0
0
0
1
0
4
5
0
0
Intro 48
Class Polychaeta
Order
Not-specified
Eunicida
Subtotal
Class Bivalvia
Class Turbellaria
EX
EW
Subtotal
CR
EN
vu
Subtotal
LR:cd
LR:nt
DD
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
12
81
22
7
110
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
1
1
61
4
4
1
0
Order
Ostreoida
Unionoida
Veneroida
Subtotal 12 0 12 81 22 11 114 5 62
Class Gastropoda
Order
Archaeogastropoda
2
0
2
7
1
2
10
0
1
24
Basommatoptiora
1
0
1
12
5
18
35
0
11
6
Mesogastropoda
21
0
21
48
89
181
318
3
23
192
Neogastropoda
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
3
22
Stylommatophora
192
9
201
109
95
235
439
13
134
297
Subtotal 216 9 225 176 190 440 806 16 172 541
Class Enopla
Order
Hoplonemertea
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
3
Subtotal
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
3
Order
Tricladida
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Subtotal
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Class Anthozoa
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
Order
Actiniaria
Gorgonacea
0
0
1
0
Subtotal
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
Intro 49
Data Table 2
Status Category Summary by Major Taxonomic Group
Class
EX EW Subtotal CR
EN
VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt
DD
Mammalia
86
3
89
169
315
612
1096
75
598
209
Aves
104
4
108
168
235
704
1107
11
875
66
Reptilia
20
1
21
41
59
153
253
1
79
74
Amphibia
5
0
5
18
31
75
124
2
25
42
Cepliaiaspidomorphi
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
5
3
Elasmobrancliii
0
0
0
1
7
7
15
0
0
2
Actinopterygii
80
11
91
156
125
434
715
12
96
250
Sarcopterygii
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
Echinoidea
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Arachnida
0
0
0
0
1
9
10
0
1
7
Clnilopoda
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
Crustacea
9
1
10
54
73
280
407
9
1
31
Insecta
72
1
73
44
116
377
537
3
77
40
Merostomata
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
Onyclnopliora
3
0
3
1
3
2
6
0
1
1
Hirudinea
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Oligochaeta
0
0
0
1
0
4
5
0
1
0
Polyclnaeta
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
Bivalvia
12
0
12
81
22
11
114
5
62
5
Gastropoda
216
9
225
176
190
440
806
16
172
541
Enopla
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
3
Turbellaria
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Anthozoa
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
Intro 50
Data Table 3
Threatened Species: Country Totals by Taxonomic Group
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fishes
Inverteb
Africa
-
Country
Algeria
15
8
1
0
1
11
Angola
17
13
5
0
0
6
Benin
g
1
2
0
0
0
Botswana
5
7
0
0
0
0
Burkina Faso
6
1
1
0
0
0
Burundi
5
6
0
0
0
3
Cameroon
32
14
3
1
26
4
Cape Verde
1
3
3
0
1
0
Central African Republic
11
2
1
0
0
0
Chad
14
3
1
0
0
1
Comoros
3
6
2
0
1
4
Congo
10
3
2
0
0
1
Cote d'lvoire
16
12
4
1
0
1
Djibouti
3
3
2
0
0
0
Egypt
15
11
6
0
0
1
Equatorial Guinea
12
4
2
1
0
2
Eritrea
6
3
3
0
0
0
Ethiopia
35
20
1
0
0
4
Gabon
12
4
3
0
0
1
Gambia
4
1
1
0
0
0
Ghana
13
10
4
0
0
0
Guinea
11
12
3
1
0
3
Guinea-Bissau
4
1
3
0
0
1
Kenya
43
24
5
0
20
15
Lesotho
2
5
0
0
1
1
Liberia
11
13
3
1
0
2
Libya
11
2
3
0
0
0
Madagascar
46
28
17
2
13
14
Malawi
7
9
0
0
0
8
Mali
13
6
1
0
0
0
Mauritania
14
3
3
0
0
0
Mauritius
4
10
6
0
0
32
Mayotte
0
2
2
0
0
1
Morocco
18
11
2
0
1
7
Mozambique
13
14
5
0
2
7
Namibia
11
8
3
1
3
1
Niger
11
2
1
0
0
1
Nigeria
26
9
4
0
0
1
Reunion
2
3
4
0
0
17
Rwanda
9
6
0
0
0
2
Sao Tome & Principe
3
9
2
0
0
2
Senegal
13
6
7
0
0
0
Seychelles
2
9
4
4
0
3
Sierra Leone
9
12
3
0
0
4
Somalia
18
8
2
0
3
1
South Africa
33
16
19
9
27
101
Intro 51
Data Table 3
Continued
St Helena
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Western Sahara
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Mammals
Bird
0
9
21
9
5
6
33
30
8
1
11
6
18
10
7
1
38
26
11
10
9
9
Reptiles Amphibians
ishes
Invertebrates
7
2
0
1
0
0
19
46
0
0
0
5
28
10
0
0
1
45
0
6
0
2
Antarctica
Country
Falkland Islands
French Southern Territories
South Georgia
Asia
Country
Afghanistan
11
13
1
1
0
1
Armenia
4
5
3
0
0
6
Azerbaijan
11
8
3
0
5
6
Bahrain
1
1
0
0
0
0
Bangladesh
18
30
13
0
0
0
Bhutan
20
14
1
0
0
1
British Indian Ocean Territory
0
0
2
0
0
0
Brunei
9
14
4
0
2
0
Cambodia
23
18
9
0
5
0
China
75
90
15
1
28
4
Cyprus
3
4
3
0
0
1
Georgia
10
5
7
0
3
9
Hong Kong
0
14
1
0
0
1
India
75
73
16
3
4
22
Indonesia
128
104
19
0
60
29
Iran
20
14
8
2
7
3
Iraq
1'
12
2
0
2
2
Israel
13
8
5
0
0
10
Japan
29
33
8
10
7
45
Jordan
7
4
1
0
0
3
Kazakhstan
15
15
1
1
5
4
Korea, North
7
19
0
0
0
1
Intro 52
Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Invertebrates
Korea, South
6
19
0
0
0
1
Kuwait
1
3
2
0
0
0
Kyrgyzstan
6
5
1
0
0
3
Laos
30
27
7
0
4
0
Lebanon
5
5
2
0
0
1
Malaysia
42
34
14
0
14
3
Maldives
0
1
2
0
0
0
Mongolia
12
14
0
0
0
3
Myanmar
31
44
20
0
1
2
Nepal
28
27
5
0
0
1
Oman
9
5
4
0
3
1
Pakistan
13
25
6
0
1
0
Philippines
49
86
7
2
28
18
Qatar
0
1
2
0
0
0
Russia
31
38
5
0
13
26
Saudi Arabia
g
11
2
0
0
1
Singapore
6
9
1
0
1
1
Sri Lanka
14
11
8
0
8
2
Syria
4
7
3
0
0
3
Taiwan
10
13
3
0
6
1
Tajikistan
5
9
1
0
1
2
Thailand
34
45
16
0
14
1
Turkey
15
14
12
2
18
9
Turkmenistan
11
12
2
0
5
3
Ukraine
15
10
2
0
12
13
United Arab Emirates
3
4
2
0
1
0
Uzbekistan
7
11
0
0
3
1
Viet Nam
38
47
12
1
3
0
Yemen
5
13
2
0
0
2
Europe
Country
Albania
2
7
1
0
7
3
Andorra
0
0
0
0
0
2
Austria
7
5
1
0
7
41
Belarus
4
4
0
0
0
6
Belgium
6
3
0
0
1
13
Bosnia and Herzegovina
10
2
0
1
6
6
Bulgaria
13
12
1
0
8
7
Croatia
10
4
0
1
20
8
Czech Republic
7
6
0
0
6
17
Denmark
3
2
0
0
0
10
Estonia
4
2
0
0
1
3
Faeroe Islands
1
0
0
0
0
0
Finland
4
4
0
0
1
8
France
13
7
3
2
3
61
Germany
8
5
0
0
7
29
Gibraltar
1
1
0
0
0
2
Greece
13
10
6
1
16
9
Intro 53
Data Table 3
Continued
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Netherlands
Nonway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Mammals
Bird!
8
10
1
0
2
1
10
7
4
6
0
1
5
4
3
1
10
3
0
2
2
7
0
0
6
3
4
3
10
6
13
7
16
11
8
4
10
3
19
10
5
4
6
4
4
2
12
8
itiles
; Amphibians
Fishes
Invertebrates
1
0
11
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
4
4
9
41
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
4
1
0
4
2
0
0
0
3
1
0
9
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
9
0
0
1
8
0
0
2
13
0
1
9
67
2
0
11
21
0
0
7
20
0
1
5
38
6
3
10
57
0
0
1
13
0
0
4
25
0
0
1
10
1
0
13
19
North and Central America
Country
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Aruba
0
0
1
0
1
1
5
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Bahamas
4
4
7
0
1
1
Barbados
0
1
2
0
0
0
Belize
5
1
5
0
4
1
Bermuda
0
2
1
0
0
25
Canada
7
5
3
1
13
11
Cayman Islands
Costa Rica
0
14
1
13
2
7
0
1
0
0
1
9
Cuba
9
13
7
0
4
3
Dominica
1
2
4
0
0
0
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
4
2
11
0
10
6
1
0
0
0
2
1
Greenland
2
0
0
0
0
0
Grenada
0
1
4
0
0
0
Guadeloupe
Guatemala
5
8
0
4
6
9
0
0
0
0
1
8
Intro 54
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Ampliibians
Fishes
Inverteb
Haiti
4
11
6
1
0
2
Honduras
7
4
7
0
0
2
Jamaica
4
7
8
4
0
5
Martinique
0
2
5
0
0
1
Mexico
64
36
18
3
86
40
Montserrat
1
0
5
0
0
0
Netherlands Antilles
1
1
6
0
0
0
Nicaragua
4
3
7
0
0
2
Panama
17
10
7
0
1
2
Puerto Rico
3
11
9
3
0
1
St Kitts and Nevis
0
1
5
0
0
0
St Lucia
0
3
6
0
0
0
St Vincent
1
2
4
0
0
0
Trinidad and Tobago
1
3
5
0
0
0
Turks and Caicos Islands
0
3
4
0
0
0
USA
35
50
28
24
123
594
Virgin Islands (British)
1
2
6
1
0
0
Virgin Islands (US)
0
2
5
0
0
0
Oceania
Country
American Samoa
2
2
2
0
0
4
Australia
58
45
37
25
37
281
Christmas Island
0
3
2
0
0
0
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
0
3
0
0
0
0
Cook Islands
0
6
2
0
0
0
Federated States of Micronesia
6
6
2
0
0
4
Fiji
4
9
6
1
0
2
French Polynesia
0
22
2
0
3
29
Guam
2
3
2
0
1
6
Kiribati
0
4
2
0
0
1
Marshall Islands
0
1
2
0
0
1
Nauru
0
2
0
0
0
0
New Caledonia
5
10
3
0
0
11
New Zealand
3
44
11
1
8
15
Niue
0
1
1
0
0
0
Norfolk Island
0
8
2
0
0
12
Northern Marianas
1
7
2
0
0
3
Palau
3
2
2
0
0
4
Papua New Guinea
57
31
10
0
13
11
Pitcairn Islands
0
5
0
0
0
5
Solomon Islands
20
18
4
0
0
5
Tokelau
0
1
2
0
0
0
Tonga
0
2
3
0
0
1
Tuvalu
0
1
2
0
0
1
US Minor Pacific Islands
0
1
2
0
0
0
Vanuatu
3
6
3
0
0
1
Wallis and Futuna Islands
0
0
0
0
0
0
Western Samoa
2
6
2
0
0
1
Intro 55
Data Table 3
Continued
Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Invertebrates
South America
Country
Argentina 27 41 5 5 1 11
Bolivia 24 27 3 0 0 1
Brazil 71 103 15 5 12 34
Chile 16 18 1 3 4 0
Colombia 35 64 15 0 5 0
Ecuador 28 53 12 0 1 23
French Guiana 9 18 0 0 0
Guyana 10 3 8 0 0 1
Paraguay 10 26 3 0 0 0
Peru 46 64 9 1 0 2
Suriname 10 2 6 0 0 0
Uruguay 5 11 0 0 0 1
Venezuela 24 22 14 0 5 1
Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0
Intro 56
Data Table 4
Extinct, Threatened, and Other Species: Country Totals by Status Category
Africa
EX
EW Subtotal OR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
Country
Algeria
1
0
1
4
6
26
36
4
10
11
Angola
0
0
0
2
17
22
41
20
35
12
Benin
0
0
0
0
3
9
12
9
12
6
Botswana
0
0
0
1
3
8
12
25
10
2
Burkina Faso
0
0
0
1
2
5
8
9
9
2
Burundi
0
0
0
0
2
12
14
9
15
5
Cameroon
0
0
0
19
18
43
80
12
64
13
Cape Verde
1
0
1
1
3
4
8
0
0
0
Central African Republic
0
0
0
0
5
9
14
12
25
4
Chad
0
0
0
2
6
11
19
11
12
5
Comoros
0
0
0
6
5
5
16
0
7
0
Congo
0
0
0
1
7
8
16
3
32
8
Cote d'lvoire
0
0
0
2
11
21
34
9
31
9
Djibouti
0
u
0
2
1
5
8
4
4
2
Egypt
0
0
0
4
9
20
33
4
12
8
Equatorial Guinea
0
0
0
1
9
11
21
1
29
7
Eritrea
0
0
0
1
2
9
12
5
6
1
Ethiopia
0
0
0
10
12
38
60
20
43
7
Gabon
0
0
0
3
6
11
20
5
30
10
Gambia
0
0
0
0
2
4
6
10
14
4
Ghana
0
0
0
2
6
19
27
8
40
7
Guinea
0
0
0
4
9
17
30
10
24
7
Guinea-Bissau
0
0
0
2
2
5
9
9
14
2
Kenya
1
0
1
21
27
59
107
27
49
11
Lesotho
0
0
0
2
0
7
9
9
9
0
Liberia
0
0
0
3
9
18
30
1
30
8
Libya
0
0
0
4
6
6
16
1
8
6
Madagascar
5
0
5
20
29
71
120
2
30
16
Malawi
0
0
0
1
10
13
24
18
24
3
Mali
0
0
0
1
6
13
20
10
14
5
Mauritania
0
0
0
4
5
11
20
7
9
5
Mauritius
44
1
45
11
14
27
52
2
5
7
Mayotte
5
0
5
2
1
2
5
0
0
0
Morocco
0
0
0
7
4
28
39
4
11
14
Mozambique
0
0
0
4
13
24
41
23
34
7
Namibia
1
0
1
3
8
16
27
23
25
3
Niger
0
0
0
1
5
9
15
10
6
5
Nigeria
0
0
0
2
13
25
40
13
47
10
Reunion
17
0
17
5
5
16
26
0
2
2
Rwanda
0
0
0
1
4
12
17
10
26
4
Sao Tome & Principe
0
0
0
5
1
10
16
0
6
28
Senegal
0
0
0
3
8
15
26
12
22
6
Seychelles
3
0
3
7
4
11
22
2
2
1
Sierra Leone
0
0
0
3
8
17
28
6
38
6
Somalia
0
0
0
5
8
19
32
14
22
6
Intro 57
Data Table 4
Continued
EX
EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
South Africa
10
0
10
23
41
141
205
33
91
17
St Helena
24
0
24
4
2
13
19
0
3
0
Sudan
0
0
0
6
10
18
34
19
30
8
Swaziland
0
0
0
2
1
8
11
23
4
0
Tanzania
0
0
0
14
58
60
132
29
51
51
Togo
0
0
0
0
4
8
12
10
20
6
Tunisia
0
0
0
3
3
18
24
3
9
8
Uganda
0
0
0
12
19
36
67
19
49
8
Western Sahara
0
0
0
3
4
3
10
1
3
0
Zaire
0
0
0
8
48
57
113
21
77
21
Zambia
0
0
0
2
7
18
27
20
26
3
Zimbabwe
0
0
0
1
5
14
20
24
18
3
Antarctica
Country
Falkland Islands
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
6
4
French Southern Territories
South Georgia
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
1
3
1
0
0
3
0
3
0
Asia
Country
Afghanistan
0
0
0
0
5
22
27
2
19
8
Armenia
0
0
0
2
1
15
18
1
17
8
Azerbaijan
0
0
0
1
5
27
33
3
20
11
Bahrain
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
2
Bangladesh
0
0
0
3
17
41
61
1
48
8
Bhutan
0
0
0
1
11
24
36
0
35
2
British Indian Ocean Territory
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
2
0
2
Brunei
0
0
0
2
6
21
29
0
40
8
Cambodia
0
0
0
8
18
29
55
0
33
7
China
2
1
3
19
46
148
213
5
161
41
Cyprus
0
0
0
1
3
7
11
2
8
5
Georgia
0
0
0
4
6
24
34
3
22
16
Hong Kong
0
0
0
1
5
10
16
0
10
2
India
0
0
0
15
42
136
193
6
148
32
Indonesia
5
0
5
27
72
241
340
6
246
100
Iran
0
0
0
3
12
39
54
3
26
16
Iraq
0
1
1
0
2
23
25
1
15
5
Israel
3
0
3
4
10
22
36
2
19
8
Japan
13
0
13
18
55
59
132
7
40
73
Jordan
0
1
1
0
4
11
15
1
10
3
Kazakhstan
0
0
0
1
6
34
41
3
29
14
Intro 58
EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
Korea, North
0
0
0
3
6
18
27
3
13
2
Korea, South
0
0
0
2
5
19
26
3
17
2
Kuwait
0
1
1
1
1
4
6
0
3
2
Kyrgyzstan
0
0
0
0
3
12
15
1
6
4
Laos
0
0
0
7
15
46
68
0
57
14
Lebanon
0
0
0
1
1
11
13
2
9
6
Malaysia
0
0
0
12
25
70
107
3
93
24
Maldives
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
2
0
1
Mongolia
0
1
1
0
4
25
29
1
20
2
Myanmar
0
0
0
10
19
69
98
3
108
20
Nepal
0
0
0
3
14
44
61
2
58
7
Oman
0
0
0
2
7
13
22
1
4
4
Pakistan
0
0
0
2
10
33
45
2
36
8
Philippines
2
0
2
42
54
92
188
6
80
16
Qatar
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
0
0
2
Russia
3
0
3
6
25
82
113
10
66
44
Saudi Arabia
1
1
2
3
4
16
23
5
15
7
Singapore
0
0
0
0
6
12
18
3
5
5
Sri Lanka
0
0
0
7
18
18
43
10
27
10
Syria
0
1
1
2
5
10
17
2
15
7
Taiwan
0
0
0
3
8
22
33
3
30
5
Tajikistan
0
0
0
0
3
15
18
0
11
2
Thailand
1
1
2
14
25
71
110
3
97
32
Turkey
0
0
0
13
16
41
70
3
39
44
Turkmenistan
0
0
0
1
6
26
33
1
14
13
Ukraine
0
0
0
2
7
43
52
5
37
33
United Arab Emirates
0
0
0
1
3
6
10
1
2
3
Uzbekistan
0
0
0
1
4
17
22
1
11
6
Viet Nam
1
0
1
17
25
59
101
2
81
19
Yemen
0
1
1
5
3
14
22
2
13
2
Europe
Country
Albania
0
0
0
3
1
16
20
0
21
17
Andorra
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
Austria
2
0
2
8
15
38
61
5
42
30
Belarus
0
0
0
0
2
12
14
4
22
8
Belgium
0
0
0
2
1
20
23
3
24
10
Bosnia and Herzegovina
0
0
0
0
1
24
25
2
17
9
Bulgaria
0
0
0
2
4
35
41
2
40
33
Croatia
1
0
1
1
4
38
43
2
20
22
Czech Republic
0
0
0
1
2
33
36
5
32
18
Denmark
1
0
1
0
2
13
15
4
15
8
Estonia
0
0
0
1
1
8
10
2
17
10
Faeroe Islands
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
Finland
0
0
0
1
2
14
17
4
23
12
France
2
0
2
6
5
78
89
4
45
22
Germany
3
0
3
2
4
43
49
6
38
28
Gibraltar
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
Intro 59
Data Table 4
Continued
EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
Greece
0
0
0
7
4
44
55
3
39
34
Hungary
0
0
0
2
6
48
56
4
37
23
Iceland
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Ireland
0
0
0
1
1
4
6
3
6
5
Italy
1
0
1
6
6
63
75
5
47
21
Latvia
0
0
0
0
1
16
17
2
22
10
Liechtenstein
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
1
4
0
Lithuania
0
0
0
0
2
13
15
4
23
11
Luxembourg
0
0
0
1
1
6
8
1
10
2
IVlacedonia
0
0
0
0
0
20
20
1
19
3
Malta
0
0
0
1
0
4
5
0
5
7
Moldova
0
0
0
0
4
20
24
1
21
24
Monaco
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Netherlands
0
0
0
2
0
17
19
3
24
7
Norway
0
0
0
1
1
14
16
5
18
8
Poland
0
0
0
1
5
25
31
6
37
16
Portugal
3
0
3
15
10
72
97
8
26
7
Romania
0
0
0
3
7
51
61
5
39
34
Slovakia
0
0
0
0
2
37
39
5
37
16
Slovenia
0
0
0
0
4
53
57
2
22
12
Spain
2
0
2
9
16
80
105
10
68
18
Sweden
0
0
0
1
2
20
23
5
24
14
Switzerland
0
0
0
2
0
37
39
5
40
14
United Kingdom
1
0
1
2
1
14
17
4
17
9
Yugoslavia
1
0
1
4
5
44
53
2
40
31
North and Central America
Country
Anguilla
1
0
1
1
3
1
5
0
2
0
Antigua and Barbuda
0
0
0
2
2
2
6
0
3
0
Aruba
0
0
0
2
0
3
5
0
0
0
Bahamas
2
0
2
3
5
9
17
0
7
1
Barbados
1
0
1
1
1
1
3
0
3
0
Belize
0
0
0
1
5
10
16
0
18
2
Bermuda
0
0
0
26
1
1
28
0
0
1
Canada
5
0
5
4
4
32
40
5
14
10
Cayman Islands
4
0
4
1
1
2
4
0
5
0
Costa Rica
0
0
0
4
16
24
44
0
46
4
Cuba
7
0
7
10
13
13
36
0
20
1
Dominica
0
0
0
1
2
4
7
0
5
0
Dominican Republic
8
0
8
4
8
16
28
0
18
1
El Salvador
0
0
0
2
4
3
9
0
12
2
Greenland
1
0
1
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
Grenada
0
0
0
2
3
0
5
0
0
0
Guadeloupe
4
0
4
1
8
3
12
0
7
0
Intro 60
EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
Guatemala
1
0
1
2
18
9
29
0
38
5
Haiti
9
0
9
2
6
16
24
0
20
2
Honduras
2
0
2
2
9
9
20
0
31
2
Jamaica
4
0
4
7
7
14
28
0
13
3
Martinique
6
0
6
2
4
2
8
0
5
0
Mexico
22
6
28
51
90
106
247
3
110
21
Montserrat
0
0
0
2
4
0
6
0
7
0
Nettierlands Antilles
0
0
0
1
4
3
8
0
3
0
Nicaragua
0
0
0
1
7
8
16
0
34
8
Panama
0
0
0
2
11
24
37
0
55
4
Puerto Rico
5
0
5
6
10
11
27
0
8
2
St Kitts and Nevis
0
0
0
1
3
2
6
0
2
0
St Lucia
1
0
1
2
5
2
9
0
7
0
St Vincent
0
0
0
2
3
2
7
0
2
0
Trinidad and Tobago
0
0
0
2
4
3
9
1
11
1
Turks and Caicos Islands
0
0
0
2
3
2
7
0
2
0
USA
177
3
180
212
150
492
854
16
184
213
Virgin Islands (British)
0
0
0
3
3
4
10
0
1
0
Virgin Islands (US)
1
0
1
3
2
2
7
0
1
0
Oceania
Country
American Samoa
1
0
1
1
6
3
10
3
1
2
Australia
35
0
35
42
118
323
483
11
176
61
Christmas Island
1
0
1
0
0
5
5
0
1
1
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
Cook Islands
14
0
14
2
1
5
8
1
1
1
Federated States of Micronesia 2
0
2
8
6
4
18
4
5
53
Fiji
1
0
1
5
6
11
22
3
9
1
French Polynesia
62
9
71
26
13
17
56
2
1
1
Guam
3
1
4
4
5
5
14
3
2
49
Kiribati
0
0
0
1
3
3
7
3
0
1
Marshall Islands
0
0
0
1
1
2
4
3
0
3
Nauru
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
1
New Caledonia
4
0
4
5
12
12
29
3
1
3
New Zealand
20
1
21
7
9
66
82
1
23
12
Niue
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
1
Norfolk Island
8
0
8
2
4
16
22
0
0
2
Northern Marianas
0
0
0
5
2
6
13
3
3
11
Palau
1
0
1
4
3
4
11
4
4
54
Papua New Guinea
1
0
1
12
25
85
122
4
61
54
Pitcairn Islands
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
1
0
0
Solomon Islands
3
0
3
8
11
28
47
4
28
3
Tokelau
0
0
0
1
1
3
2
0
1
Tonga
1
0
1
3
2
6
3
2
1
Tuvalu
0
0
0
1
2
4
3
0
1
US Minor Pacific Islands
1
0
1
1
1
3
1
0
0
Vanuatu
0
0
0
2
10
13
3
5
1
Wallis and Futuna Islands
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Western Samoa
0
0
0
2
3
6
11
3
3
1
Intro 61
Data Table 4
Continued
South America
Country
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Unknown
EX EW Subtotal CR EN VU Subtotal LR:cd LR:nt DD
2
0
2
6
20
64
90
0
0
0
4
11
40
55
4
1
5
35
64
141
240
0
0
0
5
5
32
42
3
0
3
16
35
68
119
4
0
4
7
23
87
117
0
0
0
3
6
9
18
0
0
0
2
6
14
22
1
0
1
4
13
22
39
0
0
0
10
24
88
122
0
0
0
2
5
11
18
0
0
0
1
6
10
17
0
0
0
7
21
38
66
1
91
15
2
71
10
7
159
37
1
25
70
1
123
15
1
92
15
0
26
6
1
31
5
0
58
3
2
122
21
0
29
4
0
17
7
1
79
10
Intro 62
Guest Essays
Application of lUCN Red List
Categories on a Regional Scale
by Ulf Gdrdenfors
Introduction
The new lUCN Red List Categories (lUCN 1994) were
developed primarily for application on the global scale,
i.e. forjudging the extinction risk of the whole species (or
other taxon). Most countries concerned with compiling
Red Lists will probably adopt the new categories in one
form or another. However, by doing so. some problems
may arise when the population of a species within a
country (or other considered region) is only a part of a
larger population. Furthermore, because the categories
only consider extinction risks, there may also be other
criteria that, from a national perspective, should be con-
sidered in order to develop conservation priorities.
Thus, there is a need to develop guidelines for apply-
ing the new categories at national or other regional lev-
els in order to achieve a standardized application. To
cope with the issue. lUCN has organized workshops, so
far in Gland, Switzeriand (March 1995; lUCN 1995) and
in Cambridge. England (December 1995; Gardenfors
1996). The process will continue, resulting in general
recommendations from lUCN.
In this paper I will identify some of the conceptual
problems that may arise when applying the lUCN Red
List categories on a subglobal scale.
Problems at Regional Level
The lUCN ( 1994) categories of threat are defined by one
of five criteria (A-E; see the section entitled The New
lUCN Categories and Criteria in this book). The quanti-
tative thresholds of the criteria were set roughly to
correspond to each other in reflecting the extinction risk
of taxa.
When applying these criteria on a national or other
kind of regional level, there are few problems, so long
as the population of the species to be assessed is isolated
from other conspecific populations, or is endemic. The
extinction risk for an isolated population is the same irre-
spective of whether it constitutes the only population of
the species in the world, or if there are other totally iso-
lated conspecific populations. But, if the target popula-
tion constitutes only a part of a larger population, the
quantitative thresholds in criteria A-D (and even E,
depending on how the analysis is made) might not accu-
rately reflect the extinction risk. Also, a global extinction
is final, while an extinction from a country may later be
followed by a recolonization. While the new system has
a clear definition for species that are Extinct (EX) or
Extinct in the Wild (EW), it lacks a definition for
Regionally Extinct (RE) species. The time frame con-
sidered when creating the definition of RE will effect
the listings.
The time frame is also important when considering
the categories Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered
(EN) and Vulnerable (VU) on a regional level. When
assessing the prospects for the next 10 years, for exam-
ple, a species may face an extinction risk in a country of
more than 50% (CR). However, if these prospects are
assessed over a period of 100 years the extinction risk for
the same species might still be 50% (then corresponding
to VU), because there are interactions with populations
outside the country.
Hypothetical Cases
In Figure 1 the species is represented in the country only
by a marginal part of a larger distribution area. The
extinction risk within the country may be less than what
the criteria A-D(-E) applied on the national part of the
population suggest (compared to when applied on a
global level), because if the species tends to die out
within the country, new individuals from neighboring
countries may move in (rescue effect). However, in rare
instances, the reverse situation might be the case. If the
marginal population is not self-sustaining and depends
on regular immigration from the more central parts of the
geographic range, the extinction risk within the country
could be higher than is suggested by criteria A-D(-E), if
something threatens the central population. In both
cases, however, the extinction risk depends on the
adopted time frame. Over a short time perspective the
species may face a high extinction risk, but in a longer
perspective there is a good possibility of recolonization
and survival.
In the next case (Figure 2), the population in the coun-
try is geographically separated from other populations. If
there is no flow of individuals between the populations,
the new lUCN criteria are applicable, because popula-
tions outside the country do not affect the extinction risk
within the country. If on the other hand, there is a
source-sink situation with a regular inflow of individuals,
we have a similar situation to that shown in Figure 1.
Again, the extinction risk depends on the time frame. In
the case of an isolated self-sustaining population, the
extinction risk may be low over a short time span, but
Intro 63
Country ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
_J^^
Counlry
^^^
*
^^^^^^^^^^^.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
very high over a longer time span, while the reverse may
be the case in the source-sink situation.
Proposals on a Regional Scale
The obstacles to applying the new lUCN Red List crite-
ria on a national level, as presented above, may seem
very difficult to address, but I think they can be managed.
The majority of threatened species are so because they
have small and isolated populations. If they do not have
a high dispersal ability, the application of the lUCN cri-
teria is straightforward. The problems will mainly arise
among highly mobile organisms, such as birds, larger
mammals, certain insects, many marine organisms, and
maybe cryptograms with easily dispersed spores. The
problems will of course be more pronounced in countries
surrounded by other countries than in those surrounded
by sea or other barriers preventing dispersal.
Conceptually, one could possibly cope with the
impact of neighboring populations by quantifying the
flow of individuals (or diaspores) across the borders
(lUCN 1995) and include this in a metapopulation
model. However, in reality, we often lack such data. If
we do have such data and are able to include it into a
quantitative analysis, we can use criterion E. Because
of the possibility of regional extinction, as well as the
problems with the time frame, we must then add a pas-
sage to the definition of the E criterion of categories CR-
VU. The current definition of CR under criterion E is:
Quantitative analysis showing the probability of
extinction in the wild is at least 50% within 10
years or 3 generations, whichever is the longer
At a regional level, this criterion could read:
Quantitative analysis showing the probability of
regional extinction, that will persist for at least 100
years from now, is at least 50% within 10 years or
3 generations, whichever is the longer.
In the majority of cases we lack such data and the solu-
tion must be to evaluate the population within the coun-
try against the lUCN criteria A-D, starting with the
assumption that the national population is the only one in
the world. Then, one should check the situation of the
species against a list to determine whether or not any fac-
tors influence its extinction risk. Such a checklist should
include at least the following items:
• Does the national/regional population have any
obvious contact with populations outside the bor-
ders? What is the distance to the nearest population?
Are there any effective barriers preventing dispersal
to and from neighboring populations?
• Is the species capable of long-distance dispersal?
Is it known to do so?
• How abundant is the species in neighboring regions?
Are the populations there stable, increasing or
decreasing? Are there any important threats to
those populations?
• Are there any known differences in local adaptation
between the national and foreign populations, i.e. is
it probable that the foreign populations are adapted
to survive within the country?
• What is the environmental (including climatological)
situation within one's own country /region for the
species? Is the national population self-sustaining
(has it shown a positive reproduction rate over the
years) or is it dependent on immigration for its long-
term survival?
• Are environmental conditions in the country such
that immigrating specimens are able to establish or
has the species disappeared because these prerequi-
sites were not fulfilled?
• If the species becomes extinct in the country, what
are the probabilities for recolonization within 100
years?
If an evaluation of these questions indicates that foreign
populations affect the extinction risk of the national pop-
Intro 64
ulation in such a way that it is lower or higher than the A-
D criteria suggest, the threat category should be adjusted
downwards or upwards. Such a movement must be indi-
cated, e.g. by giving the category met by the global cri-
teria within parenthesis. Thus EN (VU) would indicate
that the species met the criteria for VU, but was moved
upwards (probably a very rare situation) to EN, while EN
(CR) indicates that it has been moved downwards (much
more likely) from CR.
In the case where there is not enough data for such an
evaluation, or the result is uncertain, the species should
be placed in the category met by the global criteria.
It is worth noting that a neighboring population more
often will affect the national category when the criteria
Bl, B3 and D are met (no observation of decline) than
when criteria A, B2 and C are fulfilled (a decline has
been observed). This is because if there is an observed
decline, the decline happens in spite of any influence
from populations outside the country (though the decline
might have been even bigger without such an influence).
Once again, the time frame is problematic, since there
can be a decline in the country that, later on, can be bal-
anced by immigration.
Other Red List Categories
The three Lower Risk (LR) subcategories, conserva-
tion dependent (cd), near threatened (nt) and least
concern (Ic), can be treated as defined by lUCN
(1994) after having taken above mentioned considera-
tions for CR-VU. The categories Data Deficient (DD)
and Not Evaluated (NE) can be applied at national
level without any adaptations.
As indicated earlier in this paper, it may be necessary
to define a new category for species extinct only within
a country or another region. An extinction of an endemic
species in a country is equal to a global extinction, but
when a more widespread species becomes extinct within
a country, it still survives in other parts of the world.
These two different kinds of extinction deserve to be rec-
ognized and distinguished in national Red Lists. This has
already been done in some countries, and national extinc-
tion has been described by words such as Extirpated or
Vanished. However, Vanished may be perceived as too
weak a word, and Extirpated has the double disadvantage
of alluding to deliberate human-induced eradication
(which rarely is the case) and being confused with the
category Extinct when abbreviated. The most appropri-
ate term would probably be Regionally Extinct (RE).
Conservation Priority
The lUCN Red List categories do not allow for any con-
siderations other than extinction risks. However, there
may also be other criteria that are important when com-
ing to the decision about national conservation measures
(Spartowe and Wight 1975. Nieme 1982, Millsap et al.
1990, Daniels et al. 1991, Master 1991, Forey et al.
1994, Gardenfors in press). As suggested in the lUCN
guidelines (lUCN 1994. p. 8, section 1 1), and also by
Avery et al. (1995), two important criteria could be
global status and proportion of the global population or
range that occurs within the region.
The global scale may not be the most appropriate for
comparison with a national scale. A species scattered in
fragmented populations over the entire Holarctic region
is probably genetically considerably differentiated and
the populations in North America and Eastern Europe
most probably are not interchangeable. As a general rule,
the most appropriate scale would probably be the conti-
nental or comparable biogeographic regional scale. The
proportion of the international/continental population
and probability of recolonization can be given on a scale
from 0 to 1 (where the intervals for population percent-
ages depend on the area of the country in relation to the
continental area. Figure 3).
In a priority-setting system, many other criteria could
be of interest, such as ecological importance, historical
importance, taxonomic and genetic importance, impor-
tance to people, etc. Most of these, however, turn out to
be problematic to apply, either conceptually or in practice
(Gardenfors in press) and are consequently difficult to
include in a formalized priority-setting system. How-
ever, in cases where any such criterion is obviously
important, it could be remarked upon separately.
Taking into consideration the points made above, a
national Red List could have an appearance as in Figure
4, It is not obvious how to weigh the individual criteria
against each other. Maybe the best solution is to avoid
any such a priority weighting, and allow for different
weighting when different situations and issues come up.
.2
o
i
Proportion of
international
population
Conservation
points
0 0.2 0 4 0.6 0.8 1
Figure 3.
Intro 65
Species
National Red
List Category
lUCN Criteria Continental Red
List Category
Proportion of
Contin. Pop.
Remark
Aus australis
Bus borealis
EN
nt (VU)
A2d, B2c + 3d CR
D2 —
0.8
0
Formerly distrib. all
over the country
Cus communis
nt
—
0.4
A key-stone species
Dus domeslicus
VU
E —
0.2?
Eus Ephemericus
RE
VU
0
Fus frugivorus
EN(CR)
A1a, c nt
0.2
Monotypic genus
Figure 4.
How to Proceed?
In order to develop guidelines for applying the lUCN
Red List categories at regional levels it is now necessary
to produce and distribute draft guidelines and test them
against a wide variety of species in many countries in dif-
ferent parts of the world. It is important that this proce-
dure involves a very wide consultation of national Red
List compilers from throughout the world. Hopefully
lUCN will be able to adopt and publish a set of official
guidelines in the near future.
Acknowledgements
Ingemar Ahlen, Jonathan Baillie, Oskar Kindvall,
Georgina Mace and Simon Stuart provided many con-
structive suggestions, which substantially improved this
manuscript.
UlfGdrdenfors. Ph.D.
Assistant Director
Swedisli Tlveatened Species Unit
P.O. Box7002
S-750 07 Uppsala
Sweden
References
Avery. M.. Wingfield Gibbons, D., Porter, R., Tew, T.,
Tucker, G., and Williams, G. 1995. Revising the
British Red Data List For Birds: The biological basis
of UK Conservation Priorities. Ibis 137: 232-239.
Daniels, R.J.R., Hegde, M., Joshi, N.V.. and Gadgil. M.
1991. Assigning conservation value: a case study
from India. Conser\'ation Biology 5: 464-475.
Forey, P.L., Humphries, C.J., and Vane-Wright, R.I.
(eds.). 1994. Systematics and Conservation Evalua-
tion. The Systematics Association Special Volume
No. 50. Calendon Press, Oxford, UK.
Gardenfors, U. 1996. The regional perspective. In:
Baillie, J., Callahan, D., and Gardenfors, U. A closer
look at the lUCN Red List Categories. Species 25
(December 1995): 30-36.
Gardenfors, U. In press. Conservation priorities for
threatened species. Proceedings of the 10th Inter-
national Colloquium of the European Invertebrate
Survey. Saarbriicken, Germany, 4-5 July 1995.
lUCN. 1994. lUCN Red List Categories. lUCN, Gland,
Switzerland.
lUCN. 1995. Draft guidelines for applying the lUCN
Red List Categories at the national level. Results of
the National Red List Workshop, Gland, Switzerland
23-24 March 1995.
Master, L.L. 1991. Assessing threats and setting priori-
ties for conservation. Consen'ation Biology 5: 559-
563.
Millsap, B.A., Gore, J. A., Runde, D.E., and Cerulean,
S.I. 1990. Setting priorities for the conservation of
fish and wildlife species in Florida. Wildl. Monogr.,
Ill: 1-57.
Nieme, G. J. 1982. Determining priorities innon-game
management. Loon 54: 28-54.
Sparrowe. R.D. and Wight, H.M. 1975. Setting priorities
for the endangered species program. Trans. North
Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resonr. Conf. 40: 142-156.
Intro 66
Applying the New lUCN
Threatened Species Categories
by Alison J. Stattersfield
Introduction
BirdLife International (formerly the International Council
for Bird Preservation) has had a long history of involve-
ment in the red-listing process, taking responsibility for
advising lUCN and its Species Survival Commission on
matters relating to the conservation status and needs of
birds. BirdLife was among the first to apply the new
rUCN threatened species categories in late 1993 and eaiiy
1994 (before the criteria were published), and was the
first to evaluate a complete class of species.
Bird data for the Red Lists have come from the inter-
national Red Data Books, which have been a keystone
of BirdLife's research work. This program started with
Vincent (1966- 1 97 1 ), was updated by King ( 1 978- 1 979).
then followed by regional treatments of Africa (Collar
and Stuart 1985) and the Americas (Collar et al. 1992)
(all using the old lUCN categories), and work is currently
under way to assess candidates for Asia (using the new
categories). Annotated global checklists, where data
sources are referenced (Birds to Watch), have also been
published (Collar and Andrew 1988, Collar et al. 1994;
using old and new categories respectively) to keep the
summary information and category allocation up-to-date,
and to compensate for the time-lag caused by the detailed
work necessary to produce an exhaustively researched
Red Data Book.
The old lUCN system for identifying threatened
species gave broad definitions for five threatened cate-
gories, of which only two directly indicated the likeli-
hood of extinction. The new system (used to list all
species in this Red List) is characterized by quantitative
or clearly defined criteria, subcriteria and qualifiers,
based around an evaluation of probabilities of extinction
within specified time-frames. Species may qualify for
one of three threatened categories depending on whether
their abundance and/or range sizes, or rates of decrease in
these, meet explicit numerical thresholds (see, for exam-
ple. Mace 1993, Mace and Stuart 1994).
The aims of this essay are threefold. First, to draw on
the experience of BirdLife's research to discuss some of
the particular difficulties which were experienced in
applying the new lUCN threatened .species categories to
birds and to outline some potential solutions. Second, to
use the BirdLife data to interpret the changes between
successive Red Lists using the old and new categories.
And third, to suggest how the red-lisdng process, using
the new categories, can help conservation.
Some Problems and Solutions
One of the specific aims of the revision of the categories
is to improve objectivity by providing clear guidance on
how to evaluate different factors which affect the risk of
extinction. For the majority of species — birds being no
exception — numerical data concerning population num-
bers or rates of decline are lacking, or, at best, available
on a site basis only (and thereby relevant to part of any
population only). The preamble to the new categories
therefore emphasizes the importance of attempting to
classify poorly known taxa by estimating and extrapo-
lating the current or potential threats into the future, and
by allocating them a threat status by applying the pre-
cautionary principle.
Using inference in a consistent fashion, however,
proved to be one of our greatest difficulties in producing
the revised list for birds, for, despite the intentions of the
new system, there is litde guidance to help standardize
this process. Indeed we found that there was considerable
scope for variation in categorization of some species
(using the same data) even between three people (my
coauthors and I). Given that birds are the most compre-
hensively studied of all the classes of animals or plants, it
is likely that inconsistencies arising from the use of infer-
ence will be far greater for those assessing less well
known groups with fewer numerical clues, and in cir-
cumstances where more people contribute to the evalua-
tion process.
Another dilemma we faced was the availability and
quality of other data which could have helped us make
well informed inferences. Despite access to many pub-
lished sources of information and expertise from
BirdLife's extensive network of contacts, we found that
our information on, for example, habitat loss and degra-
dation was poor in some parts of the world. While eval-
uators can reasonably be expected to assemble all the
appropriate species-specific material (on distribution,
population, ecology etc.), they may not have access to
general data concerning a species's environment (e.g.
logging activities or other land-use changes past, present,
and planned). We recognized that some of our assess-
ments might be seriously affected by ignorance of such
key pieces of information (see Figure 1 ).
Other areas of difficulty, more fully discussed in
Collar et al. (1994), included; the indistinct division
between the near threatened and least concern categories;
the appropriate use of the (non-threatened) conservation
dependent category where information on important
extrinsic factors such as the effectiveness of certain pro-
tected areas is needed; thresholds for the Critically
Endangered category which could be (perhaps too) read-
ily met by species with natarally small ranges as a result
of any evidence indicating loss of habitat, however
Intro 67
Currently
1
^ F E
R E N C E
INCONSISTENT
CATEGORIZATION
t
t
Little
guidance
Published
documentation
not required
Different sources
of environmental
data
Varying
evaluator
experience
Poor or no
numerical
data on taxa
User's
Guide
Publication
of data and
reasoning
Common sources
of environmental
data
Wide consultation
and peer review
,,
i
i i
>
1
M F E
R E N C E
-*
CONSISTENT
CATEGORIZATION
Ideally
Figure 1. Some problems and solutions in applying the new lUCN threatened species categories.
slight; an apparent inequity between species with small
stable populations (= not threatened) versus those with
much larger ones in the same area but with declining
ones elsewhere (= threatened); and the definition of loca-
tion which is crucial to the interpretation of the range-size
criteria (see also, for example, Baillie et al. 1995,
Hallingback et al. 1995 for difficulties encountered in
applying the categories to different faunal groups).
Many of the above problems could be diminished by
more detailed guidance in the use of the criteria (and a
"Users' Guide" is being prepared). This should be easier
to formulate now, with many real examples, owing to the
extensive collective experience of applying the cate-
gories for this Red List.
Further guidance will not, however, eliminate all the
uncertainties associated with the use of inference. It is
therefore vital that, where data are poor, the reasoning
used to trigger certain criteria should be made as explicit
as possible. Although the new system requires the inclu-
sion of coding to indicate which criteria are judged to be
met (rather than the category code alone), such notation
could be misleading because there is no indication of lev-
els of uncertainty. It is possible, because a species is clas-
sified as threatened using a system which is recognized
as being more objective, to assume without question that
the species meets the criteria (and has, for example, a
population of less than 10,000 mature individuals) when,
in fact, the original evaluation involved a highly precau-
tionary inference derived from very slight evidence.
Guesswork may therefore become fact, and judgements
may not be re-evaluated from first principles in subse-
quent exercises. The only real solution, therefore, is to
publish the species-specific and background data in
detail, for example in Red Data Books, Action Plans,
standard forms which ensure that all relevant details are
logged, or interactive user-friendly computer programs
with a comprehensive help system specially designed
for this purpose. At the very least the mammal, reptile,
fish and other equivalents of Birds to Watch (summariz-
ing distribution, habitat requireinents, abundance, trends
and threats) should be produced as the documentary basis
of future Red Lists.
Publication of data will have several benefits: critical
inferences will be indicated and might generate more
appropriately orientated fieldwork and important new
infonnation; details of the assessment will be available
for more efficient and improved re-evaluation; and the
documentation will allow for wide consultation and inde-
pendent peer review, to aid consistency between treat-
ment of poorly known species in different taxonomic
groups and regions of the world. In addition, the envi-
ronmental knowledge which has influenced judgements
will be disclosed and rendered accessible to other asses-
sors of species with similar ranges and problems.
However, it is not efficient for different evaluators
repeatedly to find the same environmental information,
nor are they necessarily the best people to interpret it.
An invaluable supplement to the forthcoming Users'
Guide, therefore, would be a common source of appro-
priate background data compiled and up-dated by rele-
vant experts (see Figure 1 ).
Changes and Their Interpretation
Given the apparently major change in the categories and
their ciiteria, one might expect big changes in the overall
numbers and types of species listed as threatened. For
Intro 68
birds, there has been an increase from 1 ,030 (Collar and
Andrew 1988) to 1,111 (Collar ef a/. 1994). Although
the net change is a relatively small one — an additional
81 species in total (= 8% increase) — more considerable
flux is masked: 295 species were upgraded to threatened
status (29%) and 214 species downgraded (21%).
However, these changes may be attributed to four fac-
tors— the currently volatile nature of ornithological
taxonomy (+81, -12), the inevitable improvement in
knowledge (-1-157, -139), genuine changes in status (-t-14,
-2) and changes in the criteria (+43. -61). If we assume
that the first three factors are independent of the system
used (accounting for 85% and 71% of the upgrades and
downgrades respectively), it appears that the new cate-
gories have not radically altered the end result. It might be
possible, therefore, to conclude that the old lUCN sys-
tem for the classification of threatened species was ade-
quate after all. However, as the use of inference is a key
factor in the appropriate application of the new cate-
gories, the potential for misuse under the old system
(where there were broad definitions only for guidance)
was many times greater.
An interpretation of the changes between successive
Red Lists, combined with the probabilities of extinction
implicit in the new categories, allows us to make predic-
tions of the rates of species' extinctions. Such projections
have been common in both the scientific and popular lit-
erature, and have caused much debate over the reality of
the so-called impending extinction spasm (see, e.g.
Myers 1987). We calculate that it would take between
800 and 2,800 years for half the world's birds (4,850
species) to go extinct (Crosby et al. 1994). This is based
on our categorization in Collar er al. (1994) and a
dynamic projection that takes into account the likely
changes in knowledge over the next 100 years and a rate
of change of status equivalent to the one which we had
perceived during the period 1988-1994 or worse. Under
"normal" conditions, using mean survival times as illus-
trated from the fossil record, one would expect the nat-
ural time to extinction for half the world's birds to be
around 500,000 years. While we recognize that our mod-
els (which happen to be more optimistic than others based
on older data and different methodologies, e.g. Smith et
al. 1993) are not necessarily realistic, they clearly draw
attention to a crisis of considerable magnitude, directly
attributable to the destructive activities of man.
Using Red Lists
Red Lists are not an end in themselves. They provide
information about the status of species, giving no indi-
cation of the conservation action which must be taken to
save them from extinction.
The new guidelines state that the category of threat is
not necessarily sufficient to determine priority ranking
for conservation, and that a system for such assessments
would include numerous other factors such as costs,
logistics, and chances of success. Although these may
be addressed in Action Plans, the increasing number of
threatened species joining the Red Lists means that, for
most (uncharismatic) species, the only real prospect for
saving them is by site protection. Thus geographical
areas of overlap between the thousands of threatened
species included in this Red List (by country, area, and
ideally site) would represent a new and vitally important
basis for assigning the biological priorities for conserva-
tion action, and help to focus resources appropriately
where choices have to be made (see Collar 1994).
As a result of its Red Data Book research, BirdLife
has already identified key forests for threatened
Afrotropical birds (Collar and Stuart 1988) and key sites
for threatened Neotropical birds (Wege and Long 1995).
These studies show that many threatened species occur
together in similar places and that site-based priorities
can therefore be developed effectively through threat-
ened species analysis. BirdLife's original Biodiversity
Project extended this geographical approach by delimit-
ing so-called Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs), covering the
breeding ranges of all land bird species with restricted-
ranges (including three-quarters of threatened species).
The approach also demonstrated the importance of most
of these areas for other endemic wildlife groups (ICBP
1992, Stattersfield et al. in prep.).
Current research at BirdLife focuses on Important
Bird Areas (IBAs), which are selected on the basis of
globally agreed criteria dealing with threatened species
populations, importance for congregatory species, or rep-
resentation of EBAs or larger biomes. The IBA initia-
tive aims to cover the most important sites which will
conserve all bird species for which a site-based approach
is appropriate. IBAs have been identified for Europe
(Grimmett and Jones 1989) and the Middle East (Evans
1994), and there is now a commitment to identify the
majority of the world's IBAs by the year 2000. Despite
the fact that evidence for congruence exists, such an
approach could be adopted by colleagues working on
other groups, and help to polarize attention on key sites
for all plant and animal "sympatric" species.
Conclusions
1 . Where numerical species data are lacking, varying
experience and interpretation of the new lUCN
criteria coupled with ignorance of key environmental
information, will result in inconsistent categorization
of species' status by different evaluators.
2. Consistency in categorization could be enhanced by
Intro 69
a variety of measures including more detailed
guidance in the use of the criteria, publication
and referencing of key data, provision of sharing
common sources of environmental information,
greater consultation and independent peer review.
3. Although differences between the bird Red Lists
using the old and new criteria are relatively small,
the new system establishes a framework which
reduces subjectivity and renders red-listing more
accountable.
4. Conservation efforts can be aided and influenced
by a reinterpretation of the species data collated for
Red Lists to identify key sites, especially those
which would protect large numbers of sympatric
threatened species.
5. Changes between successive Red Lists could
provide a useful measure of progress in the
conservation of the world's biodiversity.
Acknowledgements
This essay draws on the ideas and publications of many
of my colleagues at BirdLife. I would like to thank Nigel
Collar and Mike Crosby, in particular, for their encour-
agement and input, and also Colin Bibby, John Croxall,
John Fanshawe, Adrian Long, and David Wege for help-
ful comments.
Alison Stattersfield
BirdLife International
Wellbrook Court
Girton Road
Cambridge CBS ON A
References
Baillie, J., Callahan, D., and Giirdenfors, U. 1995. A
closer look at the lUCN Red List categories. Species
25: 30-36.
Collar, N.J. and Andrew, P. 1988. Birds to walcli: the
ICBP world check-list of threatened birds. (Techn.
Publ. 8). International Council for Bird Preservation,
Cambridge, UK.
Collar, N.J. and Stuart, S.N. 1985. Threatened birds of
Africa and related islands: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data
Book. International Council for Bird Preservation, and
International Union for Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources, Cambridge, UK.
— . 1988. Key forests for threatened birds in Africa.
(Monogr. 3), International Council for Bird Preserv-
ation, Cambridge, UK.
Collar, N.J., Gonzaga, L.P., Krabbe, N., Madrofio Nieto,
A., Naranjo, L.G., Parker, T.A., and Wege, D.C.
1992. Threatened Birds of the Americas: the ICBP/
lUCN Red Data Book. International Council for Bird
Preservation, Cambridge, UK.
Collar, N.J. 1994. Red Data Books, Action Plans and
the need for site-specific synthesis. Species 21-22:
132-133.
Collar, N.J., Crosby, M.J., and Stattersfield, A.J. 1994.
Birds to Watch 2: The World List of Threatened Birds.
(BirdLife Conservation Series no. 4), BirdLife Inter-
national, Cambridge, UK.
Crosby, M.J., Stattersfield, A.J., Collar, N.J., and
Bibby, C.J. 1994. Predicting avian extinction rates.
Biodiversity Letters 2: 1 82- 1 85.
Evans, M.I. 1994. Important Bird Areas in the Middle
East. (BirdLife Conservation Series no. 2), BirdLife
International, Cambridge, UK.
Grimmett, R.F.A. and Jones, T.A. 1989. Imponant Bird
Areas in Europe. (Techn. Publ. 9), International
Council for Bird Preservation. Cambridge, UK.
Hallingback, T., Hodgetts, N., and Urmi, E. 1995. How
to apply the new lUCN Red List categories to
bryophytes. Species 24: 37 -4\
ICBP. 1992. Putting biodiversity on the map: priority
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King.W.B. 1978-1979. Red Data Book, 2: Aves. Second
edition. International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources, Merges, Switzerland.
Mace, G.M. 1993. The status of proposals to redefine
the lUCN threatened species categories. Guest essay
in B. Groombridge, ed. 1994 lUCN Red List of
Threatened Animals. International Union for Cons-
ervation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland,
Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
Mace, G.M. and Stuart, S. 1994. Draft lUCN Red List
categories. Species 21-22: 13-24.
Myers, N. 1987. The extinction spasm impending; syn-
ergisms at work. Conservation Biology 1: 14-21.
Smith, F.D.M,, May, R.M., Pellew, R., Johnson, T.J., and
Walter, K.S. 1993. Estimating extinction rates.
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Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M.J., Long, A.J., and Wege,
D.C. In prep. Global directory of Endemic Bird
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Vincent, J. 1966-1971. Red Data Book, 2: Aves.
International Union for Conservation of Nature and
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Wege, D.C. and Long, A.J. 1995. Key Areas for threat-
ened birds in the Neotropics. (BirdLife Conservation
Series no. 5), BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
Intro 70
Index to Classes
Chordata
Mammalia
Aves
Reptilia
Amphibia
Cephalaspidomorphi
Elasmobranchii
Actinopterygii
Sarcopterygii
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Nemertina
Enopla
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Gastropoda
Annelida
Hirudinea
Oligochaeta
Polychaeta
Onychophora
Onychophora
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Chilopoda
Crustacea
Insecta
Merostomata
Echinodermata
Echinoidea
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fishes: lampreys
Fishes: sharks, rays
Fishes: bony fishes
Fishes: Coelacanth
Corals, sea anemones
Flatworms
Nemertine worms '<^
Molluscs: mussels, clams *•
Molluscs: snails -**
Leeches ''^
Earthworms ^
Marine bristle worms
3, 129, 135, 177, 193, 219, 241, 245
29, 131, 146, 179, 197,242,245
58, 132, 164, 182, 199, 234, 242, 246
66, 132, 166, 182, 201, 235, 243, 246
69, 167, 183,201,246
69, 201
70, 132, 167, 183, 202, 235, 243 246
128,217
192, 256
128, 175,217
1 10, 133, 172, 187, 209, 238, 244, 255
112, 133, 173, 187, 209, 238, 244, 256
171
109, 172
109,209
Velvet worms
109, 171, 187,209,255
Spiders, scorpions, etc
88, 169,207
Centipedes
89
Crustaceans
«r-^
89, 132, 169, 185, 207, 237, 244, 247
Insects
w
98, 133, 169, 185, 208, 237, 244, 247
Horseshoe crabs
171,209
Sea urchins, sea fans, etc
169
Listi
Threatened Species
Class MAMMALIA
Order MONOTREMATA
Family TACHYGLOSSIDAE
Zaglossus bruijni
Long-beaked Echidna
EN " Alac
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Order DroELPHEMORPHIA
Family DmELPHIDAE
Caluromys derbianus
VU '" Ale
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama
Caluromysiops irrupta
VU "' Bl+2c
Brazil, Peru
Glironia venusta
VU '=' B1+2C
Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
Gracilinanus aceramarcae
CR '-' B1+2C
Bolivia
Gracilinanus dryas
VU '-' B1+2C
Venezuela
Gracilinanus emiliae
VU '-' Bl+2c
Brazil
Lestodelphys halli
VU '-' Bl+2c
Argentina
Marmosa andersoni
CR '-' Bl+2c
Peru
Marmosa xerophila
EN '-' B1+2C
Colombia, Venezuela
Marmosops cracens
EN '-' Bl+2c
Venezuela
Marmosops dorothea
VU '=' B1+2C
Bolivia
Marmosops handleyi
CR "' B1+2C
Colombia
Monodelphis emiliae
VU '2' Ale
Brazil, Peru
Monodelphis kunsi
EN '-' Ale
Bolivia, Brazil
Monodelphis maraxina
VU '" Ale
Brazil
Monodelphis osgoodi
VU '=' Ale
Bolivia, Peru
Monodelphis ruhida
VU '=' Ale
Brazil
Monodelphis scalops
VU '=' Ale
Brazil
Monodelphis sorex
VU '-' Ale
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Monodelphis theresa
VU '=' Ale
Brazil, Peru
Monodelphis unistriata
VU '=' Ale
Brazil
Order PAUCITUBERCULATA
Family CAENOLESTIDAE
Rhyncholestes raphanurus
VU '=' Ale
Chile
Order MICROBIOTHERIA
Family MICROBIOTHERIIDAE
Dromiciops gliroides
VU '-' Ale
Argentina, Chile
Order DASYUROMORPHIA
Family MYRMECOBIIDAE
Myrmecobius fasciatus
Numbat
VU " Ala,D2
Australia
Family DASYURIDAE
Dasycercus byrnei
Kowari
VU " C2a
Australia
Dasycercus cristicauda
Mulgara
VU " C2a
Australia
Dasycercus hillieri
Mulgara
EN " Bl+2d+3bc
Australia
Dasyurus albopunctatus
New Guinea QuoU
VU " Ala
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Dasyurus geoffroii
Chuditch
VU " CI
Australia
Dasyurus maculatus
Spotted-tailed Quoll
VU " Cl+2a
Australia
Dasyurus spartacus
Bronze Quell
VU " Ale
Papua New Guinea
Parantechinus apicalis
Dibbler
EN " Bl+2ce
Australia
Phascogale calura
Red-tailed Phascogale
EN " Bl+2bd
Australia
Planigale novaeguineae
Papuan Planigale
VU " D2
Papua New Guinea
Pseudantechinus mimulus
Carpentarian Antechinus
VU " D2
Australia
Sminthopsis aitkeni
Kangaroo Island Dunnart
EN " Bl+2d
Australia
Threatened Species
Sminthopsis butleri
Carpentarian Dunnart
VU " D2
Australia
Sminthopsis douglasi
Julia Creek Dunnart
EN " Bl+2bd+3d
Australia
Sminthopsis psammophila
Sandhill Dunnart
EN " Bl+2ab+3ab
Australia
Order PERAMELEMORPHIA
Family PERAMELIDAE
Isoodon auratus
Golden Bandicoot
VU " Bl+2e
Australia
Macrotis lagotis
Bilby
VU " C2a
Australia
Perameles bougainville
Western Barred Bandicoot
EN " Bl+3a
Australia
Perameles gunnii
Eastern Barred Bandicoot
VU " Alb
Australia
Order NOTORYCTEMORPHIA
Family NOTGRYCXroAE
Notoryctes caurinus
Northern Marsupial Mole
EN " Alc+2c
Australia
Notoryctes typhlops
Southern Marsupial Mole
EN " Alc+2c
Australia
Order DIPROTODONTIA
Family VOMBATmAE
Lasiorhinus krefftii
Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat
CR " B1+2C, Dl
Australia
Family PHALANGERffiAE
Phalanger matanim
Telefomin Cuscus
EN " Bl+2e
Papua New Guinea
Phalanger rothschildi
Obi Cuscus
VU " D2
Indonesia
Phalanger vestitus
Stein's Cuscus
VU " Ala,Bl+2a
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Spilocuscus rufoniger
Black-spotted Cuscus
EN " Aid
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Family POTOROIDAE
Bettongia lesueur
Boodie
VU " D2
Australia
Bettongia tropica
Northern Bettong
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Potorous gilbertii
Gilbert's Potoroo
CR " C2b, Dl
Australia
Potorous longipes
Long-footed Potoroo
EN " Bl-H2c,C2a
Australia
Family MACRGPODmAE
Dendrolagus dorianus
Doria's Tree-kangaroo
VU " Ala
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Dendrolagus goodfellowi
Goodfellow's Tree-kangaroo
EN " Ala
Papua New Guinea
Dendrolagus matschiei
Huon Tree-kangaroo
EN " Alac
Papua New Guinea
Dendrolagus mbaiso
Dingiso
VU ■' Aid
Indonesia
Dendrolagus scottae
Scott's Tree-kangaroo
EN ■' Ala, Bl+2a
Papua New Guinea
Dorcopsis atrata
Black Dorcopsis
EN " Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea
Dorcopsulus macleayi
Macleay's Dorcopsis
VU " D2
Papua New Guinea
Lagorchestes hirsutus
Rufous Hare-wallaby
VU " D2
Australia
Lagostrophus fasciatus
Banded Hare-wallaby
VU " D2
Australia
Onychogalea fraenata
Bridled Nailtail Wallaby
EN " Ala, Cl-i-2b
Australia
Petrogale penicillata
Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby
VU " C2a
Australia
Petrogale persephone
Prosperine Rock-wallaby
EN " Bl-H2a
Australia
Setonix brachyurus
Quokka
VU '' AlbccCl
Australia
Thylogale brownii
New Guinea Pademelon
VU " Ala
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Thylogale brunii
Dusky Pademelon
VU " Ala
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Thylogale calabyi
Calaby's Pademelon
EN " Ala, Bl+2a
Papua New Guinea
Family BURRAMYIDAE
Burramys parvus
Mountain Pygmy-possum
EN " Bl+2abcde
Australia
Family PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE
Pseudocheirus occidentalis
Western Ringtail
VU '-' C2a
Australia
Pseudochirops albertisii
D'Albertis Ringtail
VU " Alc,D2
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Mammals
•n
Pseudochirops corinnae
Plush-coated Ringtail
VU " Ala
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Family PETAURIDAE
Dactylopsila megalura
Great-tailed Troik
VU " Aid, Bl+2a
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Dactylopsila tatei
Tate's Triok
EN " B1+2C
Papua New Guinea
Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
Leadbeater's Possum
EN " A2c,E
Australia
Petaurus abidi
Northern Glider
VU " D2
Papua New Guinea
Petaurus gracilis
Mahogany Glider
EN " Alb, BI+2abc, C2a
Australia
Order XENARTHRA
Family BRADYPODmAE
Bradypus torquatus
Maned Sloth
EN " Alcd
Brazil
Family DASYFODmAE
Chaetophractus nationi
VU " Aid
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Chlamyphorus retusus
Greater Pichi Ciego
VU " Ale
Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay
Chlamyphorus truncatus
Lesser Pichi Ciego
EN " A 1 abed
Argentina
Dasypus pilosus
VU " Bl-^2c
Peru
Priodontes maximus
Giant Armadillo
EN " Alcd
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Tolypeutes tricinctus
Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo
VU " Albcd
Brazil
Family MYRMECOFHAGmAE
Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Giant Anteater
VU " Alcd
Argentina, Belize (ex?), Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala,
Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Order INSECTIVORA
Family SOLENODONTIDAE
Solenodon cubanus
Cuban Solenodon
EN " Alcde
Cuba
Solenodon paradoxus
Haitian Solenodon
EN " Alcde
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Family TENRECmAE
Limnogale mergulus
Aquatic Tenrec
EN * B1-I-2C
Madagascar
Microgale dryas
CR " Bl-f2c
Madagascar
Microgale gracilis
Gracile Shrew-tenrec
VU " B1+2C
Madagascar
Microgale parvula
Pygmy Shrew-tenrec
EN * Bl+2c
Madagascar
Microgale principula
Greater Long-tailed Shrew-tenrec
EN * B1-H2C
Madagascar
Microgale pulla
Dusky Shrew-tenrec
VU * B1+2C
Madagascar
Microgale thomasi
Thomas's Shrew-tenrec
VU " B1-H2C
Madagascar
Micropotamogale lamottei
Nimba Otter-shrew
EN * BU2c
Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia
Micropotamogale ruwenzorii
Ruwenzori Otter-shrew
EN * Bl-f2c
Uganda, Zaire
Potamogale velox
EN * Bl-h2c
Angola, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, Congo, Gabon,
Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zaire
Family CHRYSOCHLORIDAE
Amblysomus gunningi
Gunning's Golden Mole
VU " B1+2C
South Africa
Amblysomus julianae
Juliana's Golden Mole
CR " B1+2C
South Africa
Chlorotalpa duthieae
Duthie's Golden Mole
VU " Bl-h2c
South Africa
Chlorotalpa sclateri
Sclater's Golden Mole
VU « Bl-h2c
Lesotho, South Africa
Chlorotalpa tytonis
Somali Golden Mole
CR * B1-H2C
Somalia
Chrysochloris visagiei
Visagie's Golden Mole
CR » Bl+2c
South Africa
Chrysospalax trevelyani
Giant Golden Mole
EN ■* Bl+2c
South Africa
Chrysospalax villosus
Rough-haired Golden Mole
VU •><■ B1-H2C
South Africa
Cryptochloris wintoni
De Winton's Golden Mole
VU " Bl-f2c
South Africa
Cryptochloris zyli
Van Zyl's Golden Mole
CR * BI-I-2C
South Africa
Eremitalpa granti
Grant's Golden Mole
VU " B1-H2C
Namibia, South Africa
Threatened Species
Family ERINACEIDAE
Hylomys hainanensis
Hainan Gymnure
EN * Bl+2c
China
Hylomys parvus
Dwarf Gymnure
CR " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Mesechinus hughi
Hugh's Hedgehog
VU " B1+2C
China
Podogymnura aureospinula
Dinagat Moonrat
EN * Bl+2c
Philippines
Podogymnura truei
Mindanao Gymnure
EN * B1+2C
Philippines
Family SORICIDAE
Chimarrogale hantu
Malayan Water Shrew
CR "* Bl+2c
Malaysia
Chimarrogale phaeura-
Borneo Water Shrew
EN * Bl+2c
Malaysia
Chimarrogale sumatrana
Sumatra Water Shrew
CR " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Congosorex polli
CR " B1+2C
Zaire
Crocidura allex
VU " B1+2C
Kenya, Tanzania
Crocidura andamanensis
EN * B1+2C
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Crocidura ansellorum
CR " Bl+2c
Zambia
Crocidura attila
VU " B1+2C
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo, Gabon, Zaire
Crocidura baileyi
VU " B1+2C
Ethiopia
Crocidura beatus
VU » B1+2C
Philippines
Crocidura heccarii
EN * B1+2C
Indonesia
Crocidura bottegoides
VU " Bl+2c
Ethiopia
Crocidura caliginca
CR * Bl+2c
Zaire
Crocidura canariensis
VU " B1+2C
Spain (Canary Is)
Crocidura congobelgica
VU " B1+2C
Zaire
Crocidura desperata
CR ^ Bl+2c
Tanzania
Crocidura dhofarensis
CR "■ Bl+2c
Oman
Crocidura eisentrauti
CR " Bl+2c
Cameroon
Crocidura elgonius
VU " B1+2C
Kenya, Tanzania
Crocidura erica
VU " B1+2C
Angola
Crocidura fischeri
VU " B1+2C
Kenya, Tanzania
Crocidura Jlavescens
VU " B1+2C
South Africa
Crocidura floweri
Flower's Shrew
EN * B1+2C
Egypt
Crocidura foxi
VU " Bl+2c
Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo
Crocidura fumosa
VU '- B1+2C
Kenya
Crocidura glassi
VU » Bl+2c
Ethiopia
Crocidura gracilipes
CR " Bl+2c
Kenya?, Tanzania
Crocidura grandis
EN * Bl+2c
Philippines
Crocidura grayi
VU " Bl+2c
Philippines
Crocidura greenwoodi
VU " Bl+2c
Somalia
Crocidura harenna
CR « Bl+2c
Ethiopia
Crocidura hispida
Andaman Shrew
EN * Bl+2c
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Crocidura jenkinsii
CR * B1+2C
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Crocidura kivuana
VU » B1+2C
Zaire
Crocidura latona
VU " Bl+2c
Zaire
Crocidura longipes
EN * B1+2C
Nigeria
Crocidura lucina
VU "■ Bl+2c
Ethiopia
Crocidura ludia
VU " B1+2C
Zaire
Crocidura macmillani
CR '" B1+2C
Ethiopia
Crocidura macowi
CR '" Bl+2c
Kenya
Crocidura malayana
EN * B1+2C
Malaysia
Crocidura mindorus
EN * Bl+2c
Philippines
Crocidura miya
Sri Lankan Long-tailed Shrew
EN " BI+2C
Sri Lanka
Crocidura monax
VU '« B1+2C
Kenya, Tanzania
Crocidura negrina
CR "■ B1+2C
Philippines
Crocidura nicobarica
Nicobar Shrew
EN " Bl+2c
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Mammals
^
Crocidura orientalis
VU * D2
Indonesia
Crocidura orii
Orii's Shrew
EN * B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Crocidura osorio
VU * D2
Spain (Canary Is)
Crocidura patawanensis
VU ■>" B1+2C
Philippines
Crocidura paradoxura
EN * B1+2C
Indonesia
Crocidura pergrisea
Pale Grey Shrew
VU " B1+2C
India
Crocidura phaeura
CR '" Bl+2c
Ethiopia
Crocidura picea
CR " Bl+2c
Cameroon
Crocidura pitmani
VU " B1+2C
Zambia
Crocidura polia
CR " Bl+2c
Zaire
Crocidura raineyi
CR '" Bl+2c
Kenya
Crocidura selina
EN * BI+2c
Uganda
Crocidura stenocephala
VU " B1+2C
Zaire
Crocidura susiana
EN " BI+2c
Iran
Crocidura tansaniana
VU "■ BI+2C
Tanzania
Crocidura telfordi
CR " BI+2C
Tanzania
Crocidura tenuis
VU « B1+2C
Indonesia
Crocidura thomensis
VU " B1+2C
Sao Tome & Pn'ncipe (Sao Tome)
Crocidura ultima
CR " Bl+2c
Kenya
Crocidura usambarae
VU " B1+2C
Tanzania
Crocidura wimmeri
EN * Bl+2c
Cote d'lvoire
Crocidura xantippe
VU " Bl+2c
Kenya, Tanzania
Crocidura zimmeri
VU " B1+2C
Zaire
Crocidura zimmermanni
VU " B1+2C
Greece
Cryptotis endersi
EN " Bl+3d
Panama
Cryptotis gracilis
VU " B1+2C
Costa Rica, Panama
Cryptotis hondurensis
VU " B1+2C
Honduras
Feroculus feroculus
Kelaart's Long-clawed Shrew
EN * Bl+2c
Sri Lanka
Myosorex blarina
VU "■ B1+2C
Uganda, Zaire
Myosorex eisentrauti
EN * Bl+2c
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Myosorex geata
EN * Bl+2c
Tanzania
Myosorex longicaudatus
Long-tailed Forest Shrew
VU " Bl+2c
South Africa
Myosorex okuensis
VU " Bl+2c
Cameroon
Myosorex rumpii
CR " Bl+2c
Cameroon
Myosorex schalleri
CR " B1+2C
Zaire
Myosorex sclateri
VU " Bl+2c
South Africa
Myosorex tenuis
VU " B1+2C
Mozambique?, South Africa
Paracrocidura graueri
CR " B1+2C
Zaire
Ruwenzorisorex suncoides
VU " B1-H2C
Burundi, Uganda, Zaire
Solisorex pearsoni
Pearson's Long-clawed Shrew
EN « B1+2C
Sri Lanka
Sorex arizonae
VU " D2
Mexico, USA
Sorex cansulus
Gansu Shrew
CR " BI+2C
China
Sorex cylindricauda
Greater Stripe-backed Shrew
EN * Bl+2c
China
Sorex hosonoi
Azumi Shrew
VU » B1+2C
Japan
Sorex hydrodromus
Pribilof Shrew
EN * Bl+3d
USA
Sorex jacksoni
St Lawrence Shrew
EN * Bl+3d
USA
Sorex kozlovi
Kozlov's Shrew
CR * Bl+2c
China
[R. Dze-Chyu]
Sorex leucogaster
Paramushir Shrew
VU " B1+2C
Russia
Sorex milleri
VU " D2
Mexico
Sorex sadonis
Sado Shrew
EN * B1+2C
Japan
Sorex sclateri
EN " Bl+3d
Mexico
Threatened Species
Sorex sinalis
Dusky Shrew
VU " Bl+2c
China
Sorex stizodon
EN " Bl+3d
Mexico
Soriculus salenskii
Salenski's Shrew
CR " B1+2C
China
Sudisorex norae
VU " B1+2C
Kenya
Sudisorex polulus
VU " B1+2C
Kenya
Suncus ater
Black Shrew
CR '" Bl+2c
Malaysia
Suncus dayi
EN * Bl+2c
India
Suncus fellowsgordoni
EN "■ B1+2C
Sri Lanka
Suncus hosei
VU » B1+2C
Malaysia
Suncus mertensi
Floras Shrew
CR " B1+2C
Indonesia
Suncus montanus
VU " Bl+2c
India, Sri Lanka
Suncus remyi
Gabon Dwarf Shrew
CR "■ Bl+2c
Gabon
Suncus zeylanicus
EN "■ Bl+2c
Sri Lanka
Sylvisorex howelli
VU » B1+2C
Tanzania
Sylvisorex isabella
VU « Bl+2c
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
(Bioko)
Sylvisorex morio
EN » Bl+2c
Cameroon
Sylvisorex oriundus
VU " B1+2C
Zaire
Family TALPmAE
Desmana tnoschata
Russian Desman
VU » B1+2C
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine
Euroscaptor mizura
Japanese Mountain Mole
VU " B1+2C
Japan
Euroscaptor parvidens
CR « Bl+2c
Viet Nam
Galemys pyrenaicus
Pyrenean Desman
VU "• B1+2C
France, Portugal, Spain
Mogera etigo
EN * Bl+2c
Japan
Mogera tokudae
Sado Mole
EN * Bl+2c
Japan
Neoscaptor uchidai
Ryukyu Mole
EN *■ Bl+2c
Japan
Talpa streeti
Persian Mole
CR " Bl+2c
Iran
Uropsilus investigator
EN ■* Bl+2c
China
Uropsilus soricipes
Chinese Shrew-Mole
EN * B1+2C
China
Order SCANDENTIA
Family TUPAIIDAE
Dendrogale melanura
Bomean Smooth-tailed Tree Shrew
VU " Bl+2c
Malaysia
Tupaia chrysogaster
Golden-bellied Tree Shrew
VU « Bl+2c
Indonesia
Tupaia longipes
Bomean Tree Shrew
EN * B1-I-2C
Indonesia
Tupaia nicobarica
Nicobar Tree Shrew
EN " B1-I-2C
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Tupaia palawanensis
Palawan Tree Shrew
VU " B1+2C
Philippines
Urogale everetti
Philippine Tree Shrew
VU '" B1+2C
Philippines
Order DERMOPTERA
Family CYNOCEPHALIDAE
Cynocephalus volans
Flying Lemur
VU "- Alc+2c
Philippines
Order CHIROPTERA
Family PTEROPODroAE
Acerodon humilis
Talaud Fruit Bat
VU « A2c, D2
Indonesia
Acerodon jubatus
Golden-capped Fruit Bat
EN « Alcd
Philippines
Acerodon leucotis
VU « A2c
Philippines
Alionycteris paucidentata
VU « Bl-(-2c
Philippines
Aproteles bulmerae
Bulmer's Fruit Bat
CR '- B1-I-2C
Papua New Guinea
Dobsonia beauforti
EN '- Bl-f2c
Indonesia
Dobsonia emersa
VU '' D2
Indonesia
Dobsonia peronii
Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat
VU " Ale
Indonesia
Epomophorus grandis
Lesser Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat
EN « Bl+2c
Angola, Congo
Epomops buettikoferi
Buettikofer's Epauletted Fruit Bat
VU « A2c
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone
Mammals
'n
Haplonycteris fischeri
Fischer's Pygmy Fruit Bat
VU '- Ale
Philippines
Latidens salimalii
CR'- Bl+2c, Dl
India
Megaerops kusnotoi
Javan Tail-less Fruit Bat
VU « D2
Indonesia
Melonycteris aurantius
Orange Fruit Bat
VU « A2c, D2
Solomon Islands
Melonycteris fardoulisi
VU « A2c
Solomon Islands
Micropteropus intermedius
Hayman's Epauletted Fruit Bat
VU « D2
Angola, Zaire
Myonycteris brachycephala
Sao Tome Collared Fruit Bat
VU " B1+2C
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Myonycteris relicta
East African Collared Fruit Bat
VU « A2c
Kenya, Tanzania
Neopteryx frosti
Small-toothed Fruit Bat
VU « A2cd
Indonesia
Notopteris macdonaldii
Long-tailed Fruit Bat
VU « Hli
Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu
Nyctimene celaeno
VU « B1+2C
Indonesia
Nyctimene draconilla
VU « B1+2C
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Nyctimene malaitensis
Malaita Tube-nosed Bat
VU " D2
Solomon Islands
Nyctimene masalai
VU « D2
Papua New Guinea
Nyctimene minutus
Lesser Tube-nosed Bat
VU « D2
Indonesia
Nyctimene rabori
Philippines Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
OR « A2c
Philippines
Otopteropus cartilagonodus
VU « A2c
Philippines
Plerotes anchietae
d'Anchieta's Fruit Bat
VU « A2c
Angola, Zaire, Zambia
Pteralopex acrodonta
OR « Ale, Bl+2c
Fiji
Pteralopex anceps
OR « Ale
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Pteralopex atrata
Cusp-toothed Fruit Bat
OR « Ale
Solomon Islands
Pteralopex pulchra
CR « Ale
Solomon Islands
Pteropus dasymallus
Ryukyu Flying-fox
EN '■ Alee
Japan (Nansei-shoto), Taiwan (ex)
Pteropus faunulus
VU "- Bl+2e
India (Andaman & Nieobar Is)
Pteropus fundatus
VU '- Bl+2c
Vanuatu
Pteropus gilliardi
Gilliard's Flying-fox
VU " D2
Papua New Guinea
Pteropus howensis
VU « Bl+2e
Solomon Islands
Pteropus insularis
Chunk Flying-fox
CR « Alcd
Federated States of Micronesia
Pteropus leucopterus
EN « A2e
Philippines
Pteropus livingstonii
Comoro Black Flying-fox
CR '- A 1 e+2cd, B 1 +2c, C2a
Comoros
Pteropus mahaganus
Lesser Flying-fox
VU « B1-I-2C
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Pteropus mariannus
Marianas Flying-fox
EN « AIcd+2ede
Federated States of Micronesia,
Guam, Japan (Nansei-shoto),
Northern Marianas, Palau
Pteropus molossinus
Pohnpei Flying-fox
CR '= Bl+2ce
Federated States of Micronesia
Pteropus niger
Greater Mascarene Flying-fox
VU '- Ald-K2cd
Mauritius
Pteropus nitendiensis
VU « D2
Solomon Islands
Pteropus ocularis
Seram Fruit Bat
VU « D2
Indonesia
Pteropus ornatus
VU « A2c
New Caledonia
Pteropus phaeocephalus
Mortlock Islands Flying-fox
CR " Bl+2e
Federated States of Micronesia
Pteropus pohlei
Geelvink Bay Fruit Bat
VU '- Bl+2c
Indonesia
Pteropus pselaphon
Bonin Fruit Bat
VU « CI
Japan (Kazan-retto,
Ogasawara-gunto)
Pteropus pumilus
Little Golden-mantled Flying-fox
VU « A2c
Indonesia, Philippines
Pteropus rodricensis
Rodrigues Flying-fox
CR '- Bl-H3d
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Pteropus samoensis
Samoa Flying-fox
VU « Ald+2d
American Samoa, Fiji, Western
Samoa
Pteropus sanctacrucis
VU '- B1-H2C
Solomon Islands
Pteropus speciosus
VU "- A2ed
Indonesia, Philippines
Threatened Species
Pteropus tuberculatus
VU *- BI+2C
Solomon Islands
Pteropus voeltzkowi
Pemba Flying-fox
CR « C2a
Tanzania
Rousettus madagascariensis
Madagascar Rousette
VU "= D2
Madagascar
Rousettus spinalatus
VU « C2a
Indonesia, Malaysia
Syconycteris carolinae
VU '- B1+2C
Indonesia
Syconycteris hobbit
Moss-forest Blossom Bat
VU « Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea
Family RHINOPOMATIDAE
Rhinopoma hadithaensis
VU « Bl+2c, D2
Iraq
Rhinopoma macinnesi
VU ■*- A2c, D2
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
Family CRASEONYCTERmAE
Craseonycteris thonglongyai
Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat
EN « Bl+2c,C2b
Thailand
Family EMBALLONURmAE
Balantiopteryx infusca
EN '■- Bl-h2c
Ecuador
Coleura seychellensis
Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat
CR '= Bl+2cde,C2b, Dl
Seychelles
Diclidurus ingens
VU " A2c
Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela
Emballonura atrata
VU '- A2c
Madagascar
Emballonura dianae
VU « A2c
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Emballonura furax
Greater Sheath-tailed Bat
VU *- A2c, D2
Papua New Guinea
Emballonura semicaudata
EN « A2c
American Samoa, Federated States
of Micronesia, Fiji, Palau, Westem
Samoa
Saccolaimus mixtus
VU " A2c
Australia, Papua New Guinea
Taphozous achates
VU " D2
Indonesia
Taphozous hamiltoni
VU « A2c
Chad, Kenya, Sudan
Taphozous hildergardeae
VU « A2c
Kenya, Tanzania
Taphozous kapalgensis
VU « A2c
Australia
Taphozous troughtoni
CR « Alac, Bl+2abcde, Dl
Australia
Family NYCTERTOAE
Nycteris javanica
VU « Ale
Indonesia
Nycteris major
VU « A2c, D2
Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon,
Zaire
Nycteris vinsoni
CR '- B1+2C
Mozambique
Family MEGADERMATmAE
Macroderma gigas
Ghost Bat
VU « A2c
Australia
Family RHDVOLOPHIDAE
Anthops ornatus
VU '= A2c, D2
Solomon Islands
Asellia patrizii
VU « A2c, D2
Eritrea, Ethiopia
Hipposideros breviceps
VU '- D2
Indonesia
Hipposideros corynophyllus
VU '- A2c, D2
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Hipposideros coxi
VU « D2
Malaysia
Hipposideros demissus
VU « A2c, D2
Solomon Islands
Hipposideros durgadasi
VU « Bl+2c, D2
India
Hipposideros inexpectatus
VU « A2c
Indonesia
Hipposideros marisae
VU « A2c
Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia
Hipposideros muscinus
VU « D2
Papua New Guinea
Hipposideros nequam
CR '- Bl+2c
Malaysia
Hipposideros papua
Geelvinck Bay Leaf-nosed Bat
VU « A2c
Indonesia
Hipposideros ridleyi
Ridley's Leaf-nosed Bat
VU " Bl+2c
Malaysia, Singapore
Hipposideros turpis
EN '- A2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto), Thailand
Paracoelops megalotis
CR '- Bl+2c
Viet Nam
Rhinolophus capensis
VU '= A2c, D2
Mozambique, South Africa,
Zimbabwe
Rhinolophus cognatus
VU '- A2c, D2
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Rhinolophus euryale
VU « A2c
Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Egypt, France, Georgia,
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy,
Macedonia, Morocco, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Rhinolophus hipposideros
VU « A2c
Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan,
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France,
Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jordan, Lebanon, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Morocco, Poland,
10
Mammals
*n
Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan,
Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
United Kingdom, Yugoslavia
Rhinolophus imaizumii
EN « A2c, Bl+2abcde
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Rhinolophus keyensis
EN '- C2a
Indonesia
Rhinolophus mehelyi
VU *- A2c
Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Italy, Libya, Macedonia,
Morocco, Portugal, Romania,
Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey,
Yugoslavia
Rhinolophus paradoxolophus
VU « B1+2C
Thailand, Viet Nam
Rhinolophus rex
VU « B1+2C
China
Rhinolophus subrufus
VU « A2c
Philippines
Rhinonicteris aurantia
Orange Leaf-nosed Bat
VU « Ale
Australia
Triaenops furculus
VU '- A2c
Madagascar
Family MORMOOPIDAE
Pteronotus macleayi
VU "'- A2c
Cuba, Jamaica
Family PHYLLOSTOMIDAE
Ariteus flavescens
VU « A2c, D2
Jamaica
Artibeus fraterculus
VU « A2c
Ecuador, Peru
Artibeus hirsutus
VU « A2cd
Mexico
Chiroderma doriae
VU « A2c, D2
Brazil
Chiroderma improvisum
EN « A2c,Bl+2c
Guadeloupe, Montserrat
Choeroniscus periosus
VU « D2
Colombia, Ecuador
Leptonycteris curasoae
VU « Alcd
Aruba, Colombia, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Mexico, Netherlands
Antilles, USA, Venezuela
Leptonycteris nivalis
Big Long-nosed Bat
EN *- Alcd
Guatemala?, Mexico, USA
Lonchophylla bokermanni
VU « A2c
Brazil
Lonchophylla dekeyseri
VU « A2c
Brazil
Lonchophylla handleyi
VU « A2c, D2
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Lonchophylla hesperia
VU '- A2c, D2
Ecuador, Peru
Lonchorhina fernandezi
VU « A2c
Venezuela
Lonchorhina marinkellei
VU '- A2c
Colombia
Macrotus californicus
VU '- A2c
Mexico, USA
Micronycteris behnii
VU « A2c
Brazil, Peru
Micronycteris pusilla
VU « A2c
Brazil, Colombia
Musonycteris harrisoni
VU « A2c
Mexico
Phyllonycteris aphylla
Jamaican Flower Bat
EN « Bl+2c
Jamaica
Platalina genovensium
VU '- D2
Pern
Platyrrhinus chocoensis
VU " A2c, D2
Colombia
Platyrrhinus recifinus
VU '■ A2c, D2
Brazil
Scleronycteris ega
VU " A2c, D2
Brazil, Venezuela
Stenoderma rufum
VU '■ Alcd
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British)
Sturnira nana
VU « D2
Peru
Sturnira thomasi
EN « Bl+2c
Guadeloupe
Tonatia carrikeri
VU « A2c
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru,
Suriname, Venezuela
Tonatia schulzi
VU « A2c
Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname
Vampyressa brocki
VU « D2
Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname
Family NATALIDAE
Natalus tumidifrons
VU « D2
Bahamas
Family FURXPTERTOAE
Amorphockilus schnablii
VU " A2c
Chile, Ecuador (Galapagos Is), Peru
Family THYROPTERTOAE
Thyroptera lavali
VU '■ Bl+2c,D2
Peru
Family MYZOPODmAE
Myzopoda aurita
Sucker-footed Bat
VU « A2c
Madagascar
Family VESPERTILIONmAE
Antrozous dubiaquercus
VU *- A2c, D2
Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras,
Mexico
Barbastella barbastellus
VU « A2c
Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova,
Morocco, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Senegal?, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
11
Threatened Species
(Canary Is), Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia
Chalinolobus alboguttatus
VU « D2
Cameroon, Zaire
Chalinolobus dwyeri
VU « A2c
Australia
Chalinolobus neocaledonicus
EN « B1+2C
New Caledonia
Chalinolobus superbus
VU « D2
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Zaire
Eptesicus demissus
VU « A2c
Thailand
Eptesicus guadaloupensis
EN '- B1+2C
Guadeloupe
Eptesicus innoxius
VU « A2c
Ecuador (Galapagos Is), Peru
Eptesicus nasutus
VU ^= A2c
Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Oman,
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Eptesicus platyops
VU « D2
Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal
Hesperoptenus doriae
EN *- Bl+2c
Malaysia
Hesperoptenus gaskelli
VU « Bl+2c
Indonesia
Histiotus alienus
VU « A2c
Brazil, Uruguay
Kerivoula agnella
VU " D2
Papua New Guinea
Kerivoula eriophora
VU « D2
Ethiopia
Kerivoula muscina
VU •■- D2
Papua New Guinea
Kerivoula myrella
VU *- A2c
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Laephotis namibensis
EN '- A2c
Namibia
Lasiurus castaneus
VU « D2
Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panama
Lasiurus ebenus
VU « Bl+2c, D2
Brazil
Miniopterus fuscus
VU « A2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Miniopterus robustior
EN « Bl+2c
New Caledonia
Murina grisea
EN « B1+2C
India
Murina puta
VU « A2c
Taiwan
Murina ussuriensis
EN « A2c
North Korea, Russia, South Korea
Myotis aelleni
VU « A2c, D2
Argentina
Myotis atacamensis
VU « A2c, D2
Chile, Peru
Myotis bechsteini
VU "= A2c
Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, France, Germany,
Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
United Kingdom, Yugoslavia
Myotis capaccinii
Long-fingered Bat
VU '- A2c
Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan,
Lebanon, Macedonia, Morocco,
Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia,
Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
Myotis cobanensis
CR « Bl+2c
Guatemala
Myotis dasycneme
Pond Bat
VU « A2c
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, China,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
France, Germany, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland,
Russia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine
Myotis dominicensis
VU « A2c, D2
Dominica, Guadeloupe
Myotis emarginatus
VU « A2c
Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran,
Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Lebanon, Macedonia, Morocco,
Netherlands, Oman, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Yugoslavia
Myotis findleyi
EN '- Bl+2c
Mexico
Myotis grisescens
Grey Bat
EN « Ale
USA
Myotis leseuri
VU "- A2c, D2
South Africa
Myotis morrisi
VU « D2
Ethiopia, Nigeria, Zaire
Myotis peninsularis
VU « Alcd
Mexico
Myotis pruinosus
EN « Bl+2c
Japan
Myotis ruber
VU « A2c
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Myotis scotti
VU « A2c, D2
Ethiopia
Myotis seabrai
VU « A2c, D2
Angola, Namibia, South Africa
Myotis sicarius
VU '- A2c, D2
India, Nepal
Myotis sodalis
Indiana Bat
EN « Ale
USA
Myotis stalkeri
EN « Bl+2c
Indonesia
12
Mammals
%
Myotis vivesi
VU « A2c
Mexico
Myotis yesoensis
VU « A2c
Japan
Nyctalus azoreum
VU « A2c, Bl+2c, D2
Portugal (Azores)
Nyctophilus heran
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Nyctophilus microdon
VU « D2
Papua New Guinea
Nyctophilus timoriensis
VU « A2c
Australia, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea
Pharotis imogene
CR '■ Bl+2c,C2b
Papua New Guinea
Pipistrellus anchietai
VU « A2c
Angola, Zaire, Zambia
Pipistrellus anthonyi
CR ■•- Bl+2c
Myanmar
Pipistrellus arabicus
VU « D2
Oman
Pipistrellus cuprosus
VU « A2c
Malaysia
Pipistrellus joffrei
CR « Bl+2c
Myanmar
Pipistrellus maderensis
VU « A2c, Bl+2c
Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Is)
Pipistrellus mckenziei
VU « A2c
Australia
Pipistrellus sturdeei
EN « B1+2C
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Plecotus rafinesquii
VU « A2c
USA
Plecotus taivanus
VU « A2c
Taiwan
Plecotus teneriffae
VU « A2c, D2
Spain (Canary Is)
Plecotus townsendii
Townsend's Big-eared Bat
VU « A2c
Canada, Mexico, USA
Scotophilus borbonicus
CR « Ale
Madagascar, Reunion
Tomopeas ravus
VU *- A2c,D2
Peru
Vespertilio orientalis
VU « A2c, D2
China, Japan, Taiwan
Family MYSTACINIDAE
Mystacina tuberculata
New Zealand Lesser Short-tailed Bat
VU « A2c, C2a
• New Zealand
Family MOLOSSIDAE
Chaerephon gallagheri
CR '- B1-I-2C
Zaire
Chaerephon pusilla
VU '- Dl+2
Seychelles
Chaerephon tomensis
VU *- A2c, D2
Sao Tome & Principe
Eumops maurus
VU '- A2c, D2
Guyana, Suriname
Molossops aequatorianus
VU ^- A2c, D2
Ecuador
Molossops neglectus
EN *- B1-H2C
Brazil, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Mops niangarae
CR "= Bl+2c
Zaire
Mormopterus acetabulosus
VU « B1+2C
Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mauritius,
Reunion, South Africa
Mormopterus doriae
VU « A2c
Indonesia
Mormopterus jugularis
VU « A2c
Madagascar
Mormopterus kalinowskii
VU « A2c, D2
Chile, Pera
Mormopterus minutus
VU « A2c
Cuba
Mormopterus phrudus
EN « Bl+2c
Peru
Otomops formosus
Javan Mastiff Bat
VU « A2c
Indonesia
Otomops johnstonei
VU « D2
Indonesia
Otomops martiensseni
VU « A2c
Angola, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Madagascar, Rwanda, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Otomops papuensis
VU « D2
Papua New Guinea
Otomops secundus
VU '- D2
Papua New Guinea
Otomops wroughtoni
Wroughton's Free-tailed Bat
CR '- B1-I-2C
India
Tadarida lobata
VU '= D2
Kenya, Zimbabwe
Order PRIMATES
Family CHEIROGALEIDAE
Allocebus trichotis
Hairy-eared Dwarf Lemur
CR '" Ale, Bl-l-2abc
Madagascar
Microcebus myoxinus
VU '" Bl+2abc
Madagascar
Mirza coquereli
Coquerel's Mouse-lemur
VU '" A2cd, Bl-h2abc
Madagascar
Family LEMURTOAE
Eulemur coronatus
Crowned Lemur
VU "" Alcd, Bl-h2bc
Madagascar
Eulemur macaco
Black Lemur
VU " Alcd
Madagascar
Eulemur mongoz
Mongoose Lemur
VU '" Alc,C2a
Comoros, Madagascar
13
Threatened Species
Eulemur rubriventer
Red-bellied Lemur
VU '" A2c
Madagascar
Hapalemur aureus
Golden Bamboo Lemur
CR " A2cd
Madagascar
Hapalemur simus
Broad-nosed Gentle Lemur
CR '" A2cd
Madagascar
Lemur catta
Ring-tailed Lemur
VU '« Ale
Madagascar
Varecia variegata
Ruffed Lemur
EN " Alcd
Madagascar
Family MEGALADAPIDAE
Lepilemur dorsalis
Grey-backed Sportive Lemur
VU '" A2cd, Bl+2c
Madagascar
Lepilemur septentrionalis
Northern Sportive Lemur
VU '" A2cd
Madagascar
Family INDRTOAE
Avahi occidentalis
VU '" A2cd
Madagascar
Iitdri indri
Indri
EN '" A1C-I-2C
Madagascar
PropUhecus diadema
Diademed Sifaka
EN " Alcd
Madagascar
PropUhecus tattersalli
Golden-crowned Sifaka
CR '" A2c, Bl+2bcd
Madagascar
PropUhecus verreauxi
Verreaux's Sifaka
VU " A2cd
Madagascar
Family DAUBENTONIIDAE
Daubentonm madagascariensis
Aye-aye
EN '" A2cd, C2a
Madagascar
Family LORTOAE
Loris tardigradus
Slender Loris
VU '" Alcd
India, Sri Lanka
Nycticebus pygmaeus
Pygmy Loris
VU '" Alcd
Cambodia?, China, Laos, Viet Nam
Family CALLITRICHmAE
Callimico goeldii
Goeldi's Marmoset
VU '" Ale
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru
CallUhrix aurUa
Buffy-tufted-ear Marmoset
EN '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a
Brazil
CallUhrix chrysoleuca
Golden-white Tassel-ear Marmoset
VU '" B1-H2C
Brazil
CallUhrix flaviceps
Buffy-headed Marmoset
EN '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a
Brazil
CallUhrix geoffroyi
Geoffrey's Tufted-ear Marmoset
VU '" Bl-h2b, C2a
Brazil
CallUhrix leucippe
VU '« B1-I-2C
Brazil
CallUhrix nigriceps
Black-headed Marmoset
VU '" B1-H2C
Brazil
LeontopUhecus caissara
Black-faced Lion Tamarin
CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a, Dl
Brazil
LeontopUhecus chrysomelas
Golden-headed Lion Tamarin
EN '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a
Brazil
LeontopUhecus chrysopygus
Golden-rumped Lion Tamarin
CR '" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Brazil
LeontopUhecus rosalia
Golden Lion Tamarin
CR "" Bl-^2abcde, C2a
Brazil
Saguinus leucopus
White-footed Tamarin
VU '" Ale, Bl-h2c,C2a
Colombia
Saguinus oedipus
Cotton-top Tamarin
EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Colombia
Family CEBIDAE
Alouatta fusca
Brown Howler
VU '" Ale
Argentina, Brazil
Aotus brumbacki
Brumback's Night Monkey
VU '■" B1+2C
Colombia
Aotus lemurinus
VU '" B1+2C
Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama
Aotus miconax
Andean Night Monkey
VU '" Ale, B1-I-2C
Peru
Ateles belzebuth
Long-haired Spider Monkey
VU '" Ale
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
Ateles fusciceps
Brown-headed Spider Monkey
VU '•" Ale, Bl+2abede
Colombia, Ecuador, Panama
Ateles marginatus
EN '" Bl-H2abcde
Brazil
Brachyteles arachnoides
Muriqui
EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Brazil
Brachyteles hypoxanthus
EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Brazil
Cacajao calvus
Bald Uakari
VU •« Ale
Brazil, Colombia, Peru
Callicebus dubius
VU '« B1+2C
Brazil
Callicebus oenanthe
Andean Titi Monkey
VU '" B1-H2C
Peru
Callicebus personatus
Masked Titi
VU '" Ale
Brazil
14
Mammals
*n
Cebus kaapori
Ka'apor Capuchin Monkey
VU '" Ale, Bl+2c
Brazil
Cebus xanthosternos
CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a
Brazil
Lagothrix flavicauda
Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey
CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a
Peru
Saimiri oerstedii
Central American Squirrel Monkey
EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Costa Rica, Panama
Saimiri vanzolinii
Blackish Squirrel Monkey
VU '■» Bl+2c,C2a
Brazil
Family CERCOPITHECIDAE
Cercopithecus diana
Diana Monkey
VU '« Alc+2c
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Cercopithecus erythrogaster
White-throated Monkey
VU "" Ale
Benin, Nigeria
Cercopithecus erythrotis
Red-eared Guenon
VU '" Ale
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea,
Nigeria
Cercopithecus preussi
Preuss's Monkey
EN "" Aled-i-2e
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea,
Nigeria
Cercopithecus sclateri
Sclater's Guenon
EN '« B1+2C
Nigeria
Cercopithecus solatus
Sun-tailed Monkey
VU "" Bl+2a, CI
Gabon
Colobus satanas
Black Colobus
VU '" Ale
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon
Colobus vellerosus
White-thighed Black-and-white
Colobus
VU '" Ale+2c
Benin, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana,
Nigeria, Togo
Macaca arctoides
Stumptail Macaque
VU '" A led
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Macaca assamensis
Assamese Macaque
VU '« A led
Bhutan, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam
Macaca brunnescens
Muna-buton Macaque
VU '" CI
Indonesia
Macaca cyclopis
Taiwan Macaque
VU '" A led
Japan [int], Taiwan
Macaca fuscata
Japanese Macaque
EN '■" A2ed
Japan
Macaca maura
Moor Macaque
EN '" A led
Indonesia
Macaca nemestrina
Pig-tailed Macaque
VU '« A led
Brunei?, China, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore [int],
Thailand, Viet Nam
Macaca nigra
Celebes Black Macaque
EN '« Alaed
Indonesia
Macaca pagensis
Mentawai Macaque
CR '" Alcd+2e
Indonesia
Macaca silenus
Lion-tailed Macaque
EN '« C2a
India
Macaca sylvanus
Barbary Macaque
VU '" Ale, CI
Algeria, Gibraltar [int], Morocco
Mandrillus leucophaeus
Drill
EN '" Alacd+2ed, Cl+2a
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea,
Nigeria
Nasalis larvatus
Proboscis Monkey
VU '" A2c
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Presbytis comata
Grizzled Leaf Monkey
EN '« Alc,C2a
Indonesia
Presbytis potenziani
Mentawai Leaf Monkey
VU '" A1C-I-2C
Indonesia
Pygathrix nemaeus
Douc Monkey
EN '" A led
Cambodia, China, Laos, Viet Nam
Rhinopithecus avunculus
Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey
CR '" C1,E
Viet Nam
Rhinopithecus bieti
Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey
EN '" C2a
China
Rhinopithecus brelichi
Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey
EN '" C2b
China
Rhinopithecus roxellana
Golden Snub-nosed Monkey
VU '« C2a
China, India?
Simias concolor
Pig-tailed Snub-nosed Monkey
EN '" Aled+2c
Indonesia
Trachypithecus auratus
VU '" Ale
Indonesia
Trachypithecus delacouri
White-rumped Black Lemur
CR "" Aid, C2a
Viet Nam
Trachypithecus francoisi
Frangois' Ixaf Monkey
VU '" Alcd-H2ed, C2a
China, Laos, Viet Nam
Trachypithecus johnii
Nilgiri Leaf Monkey
VU '" Aid
India
Trachypithecus pileatus
VU '" A2c
Bangladesh, China?, India, Myanmar
Trachypithecus poliocephalus
EN '« A2c,C2a
Viet Nam
Trachypithecus vetulus
VU "" Ale
Sri Lanka
15
Threatened Species
Family HYLOBATIDAE
Hylobates concolor
Black Gibbon
EN '■" Alcd, C2a
Cambodia, China, Viet Nam
Hylobates klossii
Mentawai Gibbon
VU '" Alc+2c
Indonesia
Hylobates molocfi
Silvery Gibbon
CR '« Alc,C2a
Indonesia
Hylobates pileatus
Pileated Gibbon
VU '" Alcd+2cd
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand
Family HOMINffiAE
Gorilla gorilla
Gorilla
EN '" A2cd
Angola, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda,
Zaire
Pan paniscus
Pygmy Chimpanzee
EN '" A2cd
Zaire
Pan troglodytes
Chimpanzee
EN '" A2cd
Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo, Cote d'lvoire,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia
[re-int], Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau (ex?), Liberia, Mali,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zaire
Pongo pygmaeus
Orang-utan
VU '•» Alcd, CI
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Order CARNIVORA
Family CANIDAE
Canis rufus
Red Wolf
CR '" Dl
USA
Canis simensis
Ethiopian Wolf
CR " Alb-H2be,Cl,E
Ethiopia
Cuon alpinus
Dhole
VU "■ C2a
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Indonesia,
Kazaklistan?, Kyrgyzstan?, Laos,
Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar,
Nepal, North Korea?, Russia, South
Korea?, Tajikistan?, Thailand,
Uzbekistan?, Viet Nam
Lycaon pictus
African Wild Dog
EN '" CI
Algeria (ex?), Angola, Benin (ex?),
Botswana, Burkina Faso (ex?),
Burundi (ex?), Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo
(ex?). Cote d'lvoire (ex?), Eritrea
(ex?), Ethiopia, Gabon (ex?),
Gambia (ex?), Ghana (ex?), Guinea
(ex?), Kenya, Malawi, Mali (ex?),
Mozambique, Namibia, Niger (ex?),
Nigeria (ex?), Rwanda (ex), Senegal,
Sierra Leone (ex?), Somalia, South
Africa, Sudan, Swaziland (ex?),
Tanzania, Togo (ex?), Uganda (ex?),
Zaire (ex?), Zambia, Zimbabwe
Speothos venaticus
Bush Dog
VU " C2a
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Pern,
Suriname, Venezuela
Family FELmAE
Acinonyx jubatus
Cheetah
VU " Ald-H2d,Cl
Afghanistan (ex), Algeria, Angola,
Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad, Egypt (ex?), Ethiopia, India
(ex), Iran, Jordan (ex), Kenya, Libya,
Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,
Nigeria, Pakistan (ex), Saudi Arabia
(ex), Senegal (ex?), Somalia, South
Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Westem Sahara
(ex?), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Catopuma badia
Bay Cat
VU " C2a
Indonesia, Malaysia
Lynx pardinus
Iberian Lynx
EN " CI
Portugal, Spain
Neofelis nebulosa
Clouded Leopard
VU " Alcd
Bangladesh (ex?), Bhutan, Brunei,
Cambodia?, China, India, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Taiwan (ex?), Thailand, Viet Nam
Oncifelis guigna
Kodkod
VU " C2a
Argentina, Chile
Oreailurus jacobita
Andean Cat
VU * C2a
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Panthera leo
Lion
VU " Alcd
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania (ex?), Mozambique,
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Panthera tigris
Tiger
EN " A2cd
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, North
Korea (ex?), Russia, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Prionailurus planiceps
Flat-headed Cat
VU « A2c
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar?, Thailand
Uncia uncia
Snow Leopard
EN " C2a
Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia,
Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan
Family HERPESTIDAE
Bdeogale jacksoni
Jackson's Mongoose
VU '■' B1+2C
Kenya, Uganda
Galidictis fasciata
Broad-striped Mongoose
VU '" Alcd-i-2cd
Madagascar
16
Mammals
'n
Galidictis grandidieri
Giant-striped Mongoose
EN '" Bl+3b
Madagascar
Liberiictis kuhni
Liberian Mongoose
EN '" B1+2C
Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia
Mungotictis decemlineata
Narrow-striped Mongoose
VU '" Bl+2c
Madagascar
Salanoia concolor
Brown-tailed Mongoose
VU '" B1-H2C
Madagascar
Family MUSTELIDAE
Gulo gulo
Wolverine
VU '" A2c
Canada, Estonia, Finland, Mongolia,
Norway, Russia, Sweden, USA
Lutrafelina
Marine Otter
EN '=' A led
Argentina, Chile, Peru
Lutra perspiciUata
Smooth-coated Otter
VU '-' A2cd
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan, Thailand, Viet Nam
Lutra provocax
Southern River Otter
VU '" A2cd
Argentina, Chile
Lutra sumatrana
Hairy-nosed Otter
VU '" A2cd
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos?,
Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Martes gwatkinsii
Nilgiri Marten
VU '" B1+2C
India
Melogale everetti
Kinabalu Ferret-badger
VU '" B1-H2C
Malaysia
Mustela felipei
Colombian Weasel
EN '" Bl-H2ce
Colombia, Ecuador
Mustela lutreola
European Mink
EN '" Alace
Belarus, Estonia, Finland (ex?).
France, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania
(ex), Poland (ex?), Romania, Russia,
Spain
Mustela lutreolina
Indonesian Mountain Weasel
EN '" B1-I-2C
Indonesia
Mustela strigidorsa
Back-striped Weasel
VU '" C2a
Bhutan, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Mydaus marchei
Palawan Stink Badger
VU '" Bl+2c
Philippines
Pteronura brasiliensis
Giant Otter
VU '=' A2cd
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,
Uruguay (ex?), Venezuela
Family OTARimAE
Arctocephalus galapagoensis
Galapagos Fur Seal
VU '" A2d
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
[Pacific (southeast)]
Arctocephalus philippii
Juan Fernandez Fur Seal
VU '" D2
Chile (Juan Fernandez Is)
[Pacific (southeast)]
Arctocephalus townsendi
Guadalupe Fur Seal
VU '" D2
Mexico, USA
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Callorhinus ursinus
Northern Fur Seal
VU '" Alb
Canada, Japan, Russia, USA
[Pacific (eastern central, northeast,
northwest)]
Eumetopias jubatus
Steller's Sea Lion
EN '" Alb
Canada, Japan?, Russia, USA
[Pacific (eastern central, northeast,
northwest)]
Phocarctos hookeri
Hooker's Sea Lion
VU '» D2
New Zealand (Auckland Is)
[Pacific (southwest)]
Family PHOCmAE
Monachus monachus
Mediterranean Monk Seal
CR ■» C2a
Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus
(ex?), Greece, Italy, Lebanon (ex?),
Libya, Mauritania, Morocco,
Portugal (Desertas Is, Madeira),
Spain (Canary Is (ex?), Chafarinas
Is), Syria (ex?), Tunisia, Turkey,
Western Sahara, Yugoslavia
[Atlantic (eastern central),
Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Monachus schauinslandi
Hawaiian Monk Seal
EN '" C2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
[Pacific (eastern central, northwest)]
Phoca caspica
Caspian Seal
VU '" Bl+2e
Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Russia, Turkmenistan
Family PROCYONIDAE
Bassaricyon lasius
EN "^ Dl
Costa Rica
Bassaricyon pauli
EN '" Dl
Panama
Nasua nelsoni
Cozumel Island Coati
EN '" Dl
Mexico
Procyon insularis
EN '" Dl
Mexico
Procyon maynardi
EN "' C2a
Bahamas
Procyon minor
EN '" C2b
Guadeloupe
Procyon pygmaeus
Cozumel Island Raccoon
EN '" C2a
Mexico
Family URSffiAE
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Giant Panda
EN " BI+2c,C2a
China
17
Threatened Species
A Hums fulgens
Lesser Panda
EN '" C2a
Bhutan, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal
Melursus ursinus
Sloth Bear
VU " A2cd,Cl+2a
Bangladesh, Bhutan?, India, Nepal,
Sri Lanka
Tremarctos ornatus
Spectacled Bear
VU " A2bc
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador,
Panama?, Peru, Venezuela
Ursus thibetanus
Asiatic Black Bear
VU " Alcd
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Japan,
Laos, Malaysia?, Mongolia,
Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea,
Pakistan, Russia, South Korea,
Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family VrVERRffiAE
Chrotogale owstoni
Owston's Palm Civet
VU '" Alcd
China, Laos, Viet Nam
Cryptoprocta ferox
Fossa
VU '" Bl+2e
Madagascar
Cynogale bennettii
Otter-civet
EN "'• Alee, C2a
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore?, Thailand, Viet Nam
Diplogale hosei
Hose's Palm Civet
VU '" Bl+2c
Malaysia
Eupleres goudotii
Falanouc
EN '" Bl+2c
Madagascar
Fossa fossa
Malagasy Civet
VU '" B1+2C
Madagascar
Genetta cristata
Crested Genet
EN '" Bl+2c
Cameroon, Nigeria
Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
Sulawesi Palm Civet
VU '" A2c
Indonesia
Paradoxurus jerdoni
Jerdon's Palm Civet
VU '" B1+2C
India
Viverra civettina
CR '" C2a
India
Order CETACEA
Family BALAENTOAE
Eubalaena glacialis
Northern Right Whale
EN " C1,D1
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (northeast,
northwest, western central), Pacific
(eastern central, northeast,
northwest)]
Family BALAENOPTERroAE
Balaenoptera borealis
Sei Whale
EN " Alabd
[Atlantic (Antarctic, eastern central,
northeast, northwest, southeast,
southwest, western central), Indian
Ocean (Antarctic, eastern, western),
Mediterranean and Black Sea,
Pacific (Antarctic, eastern central,
northeast, northwest, southeast,
southwest, western central)]
Balaenoptera musculus
Blue Whale
EN " Alabd
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (Antarctic,
eastern central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea (western central).
Pacific (Antarctic, eastern central,
northeast, northwest, southeast,
southwest)]
Balaenoptera physalus
Fin Whale
EN *' Alabd
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (Antarctic,
eastern central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern, westem), Mediterranean and
Black Sea, Pacific (Antarctic, eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Megaptera novaeangliae
Humpback Whale
VU " Alad
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (Antarctic,
eastern central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern, westem), Mediterranean and
Black Sea, Pacific (Antarctic, eastem
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central)]
Family DELPHINIDAE
Cephalorhynchus hectori
Hector's Dolphin
VU " Alad
New Zealand
[Pacific (southwest)]
Family MONODONXroAE
Delphinapterus leucas
White Whale
VU *' Alabd
Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia,
USA
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (northeast,
northwest). Pacific (northeast,
northwest)]
Family PHOCOENIDAE
Phocoena phocoena
Harbour Porpoise
VU ■" Alcd
Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape
Verde, China?, Denmark, Faeroe
Islands, Finland, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greenland, Iceland,
Ireland, Japan, Mauritania, Mexico,
Morocco, Netherlands, North Korea,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain,
Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, USA,
Ukraine, United Kingdom
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (eastern central,
northeast, northwest), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem
central, northeast, northwest)]
Phocoena sinus
Vaquita
CR •" C2b
Mexico
[Pacific (eastem central)]
Family PHYSETERmAE
Physeter catodon
Sperm Whale
VU " Albd
[Atlantic (Antarctic, eastem central,
northeast, northwest, southeast,
southwest, westem central), Indian
Ocean (Antarctic, eastem, westem),
Mediterranean and Black Sea,
18
Mammals
'n
Pacific (Antarctic, eastern central,
northeast, northwest, southeast,
southwest, western central)]
Family PLATANISTIDAE
Inia geoffrensis
Boto
VU "' Alcd
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
Guyana?, Peru, Venezuela
[R. Amazon, R. Orinoco]
Lipotes vexillifer
Baiji
CR " Albc,C2b, Dl
China
[R. Yangtze]
Platanista gangetica
Ganges River Dolphin
EN " Alacd
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal
[R. Brahmaputra, R. Ganges]
Platanista minor
Indus River Dolphin
EN *' Alacd, Bl+2abcde
Pakistan
[R. Indus]
Order SIRENIA
Family DUGONGIDAE
Dugong dugon
Dugong
VU '" Alcd
Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Cambodia, China, Comoros?,
Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Federated
States of Micronesia, Guam, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Madagascar,
Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Myanmar, New Caledonia, Palau,
Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, United
Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Viet Nam,
Yemen
[Indian Ocean (eastern, westem).
Pacific (northwest, westem central)]
Family TRICHECHmAE
Trichechus inunguis
Amazonian Manatee
VU '" Alcd
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
[R. Amazon]
Trichechus manatus
Caribbean Manatee
VU '" A2d
Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, French Guiana,
Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico,
Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago,
USA, Venezuela
[Atlantic (northwest, southwest,
westem central)]
Trichechus senegalensis
African Manatee
VU '" Alcd
Angola, Benin (ex?), Cameroon,
Chad, Congo, Cote d'lvoire.
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea?, Guinea-Bissau?,
Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Togo, Zaire
[Atlantic (eastern central, southeast)]
Order PROBOSCIDEA
Family ELEPHANXmAE
Elephas maximus
Asian Elephant
EN '" Alcd
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bmnei,
Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam
Loxodonta africana
African Elephant
EN ' Alb
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote
d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea,
Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia,
Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Order PERISSODACTYLA
Family EQUIDAE
Equus africanus
African Wild Ass
CR " Alb
Ethiopia, Somalia
Equus grevyi
Grevy's Zebra
EN " Ala+2c
Ethiopia, Kenya
Equus hemionus
VU " A2c
China, India, Iran, Israel [re-int],
Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [re-int]
Equus zebra
Mountain Zebra
EN " Alb
Angola, Namibia, South Africa
Family TAPIREDAE
Tapirus bairdii
Central American Tapir
VU '" Alabcd+2bce,C2a
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama
Tapirus indicus
Malayan Tapir
VU '" Alc+2c, B2cd+3a, Cl+2b
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Tapirus pinchaque
Mountain Tapir
EN "' Alc+2cd,Cl,E
Colombia, Ecuador, Pern, Venezuela
Family RHINOCEROTIDAE
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
Sumatran Rhinoceros
CR " Albcd,C2a
Cambodia (ex?), India (ex?),
Indonesia, Laos (ex?), Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Diceros bicornis
Black Rhinoceros
CR ' Alabc
Angola, Botswana, Cameroon,
Ethiopia (ex?), Kenya, Malawi (ex?),
Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda
(ex?). South Africa, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Rhinoceros sondaicus
Javan Rhinoceros
CR " C2a
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,
Myanmar (ex?), Thailand (ex?),
Viet Nam
Rhinoceros unicornis
Great Indian Rhinoceros
EN " Bl+2cde
Bhutan, India, Nepal
Order HYRACOIDEA
Family PROCAVIIDAE
Dendrohyrax validus
Eastern Tree Hyrax
VU " BU2c
Kenya, Tanzania
19
Threatened Species
Heterohyrax antineae
VU " D2
Algeria
Heterohyrax chapini
VU " D2
Zaire
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Family SUIDAE
Babyrousa babyrussa
Babirusa
VU '" Alcd
Indonesia
Sus cebifrons
Visayan Warty Pig
CR '" Alcde, BI+2acd,E
Piiilippines
Sus salvanius
Pygmy Hog
CR '" Ale, Bl+2cd,E
Bhutan (ex?), India, Nepal (ex?)
Sus verrucosus
Javan Warty Pig
EN '" A2cd, Bl+2ade, E
Indonesia
Family TAYASSUmAE
Catagonus wagneri
Chacoan Peccary
EN '" Alacde, Bl+2bde, E
Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay
Family HIPPOPOTAMIDAE
Hexaprotodon liberiensis
Pygmy Hippopotamus
VU " C2a,E
Cote d'lvoire, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau?, Liberia, Nigeria,
Sierra Leone
Family CAMELTOAE
Camelus bactrianus
Wild Bactrian Camel
EN " Alcd, C2a
China, Mongolia
Family MOSCHroAE
Moschus moschiferus
Siberian Musk Deer
VU " Alacd
China, Mongolia, North Korea,
Russia, South Korea
Family CERVmAE
Axis calamianensis
Calamian Deer
EN " Bl+3d
Philippines
Axis kuhli
Kuhl's Deer
EN " Dl
Indonesia
Blastocerus dichotomus
Marsh Deer
VU " A2cde
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay
Cervus albirostris
Thorold's Deer
VU » CI
China
Cervus alfredi
Phillipine Spotted Deer
EN " Bl+2c
Philippines
Cervus duvauceli
Swamp Deer
VU " CI
India, Nepal
Cervus eldi
Eld's Deer
VU " A2c
Cambodia, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Elaphurus davidianus
Pere David's Deer
CR " Dl
China [re-int]
Hippocamelus bisulcus
South Andean Deer
EN " C2a
Argentina, Chile
Muntiacus crinifrons
Black Muntjac
VU " CI
China
Pudu puda
Southern Pudu
VU " Alcde
Argentina, Chile
Family BOVmAE
Addax nasomaculatus
Addax
EN ' Alc,C2a
Algeria (ex), Chad, Egypt (ex),
Libya (ex), Mali, Mauritania, Niger,
Sudan (ex?), Tunisia [re-int]
Ammodorcas clarkei
Dibatag
VU ' CI
Ethiopia, Somalia
Ammotragus lervia
Barbary Sheep
VU " A2cd
Algeria, Chad?, Egypt (ex?), Libya?,
Mali?, Mauritania (ex?), Mexico
[int], Morocco, Niger, Spain [int]
(Canary Is), Sudan, Tunisia (ex?),
USA [int]. Western Sahara?
Antilope cervicapra
Blackbuck
VU ' Ale
Argentina [int], Bangladesh (ex),
India, Nepal, Pakistan, USA [int]
Bison bonasus
European Bison
EN " A2ce,C2a
Belarus [re-int], Kyrgyzstan [re-int],
Lithuania [re-int], Poland [re-int],
Russia [re-int], Ukraine [re-int]
Bos frontalis
Gaur
VU '= Alcd-^2cd, Cl-H2a
Bangladesh (ex?), Bhutan,
Cambodia, China, India, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Bos grunniens
Wild Yak
VU '- Ald-i-2d,Cl
China, India, Nepal?
Bosjavanicus
Banteng
EN '- Alcd-H2cd, Cl-l-2a
Bangladesh (ex?), Brunei (ex?),
Cambodia, India (ex?), Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Bos sauveli
Kouprey
CR '- A2d,Cl-H2a, Dl
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam
Bubalus bubalis
Wild Water Buffalo
EN '- A2e,Cl
Bhutan, India, Nepal, Thailand
Bubalus depressicomis
Lowland Anoa
EN '- Cl-h2a
Indonesia
Bubalus mindorensis
Tamaraw
EN '- B1-I-2C, Dl
Philippines
Bubalus quarlesi
Mountain Anoa
EN '- Cl+2a
Indonesia
20
Mammals
'n
Budorcas taxicolor
Takin
VU " A2cd
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar
Capra aegagrus
Wild Goat
VU " A2cde
Afghanistan, Armenia?, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, Greece, Iran, Oman,
Pakistan, Russia?, Turkey,
Turkmenistan
Capra caucasica
West Caucasian Tur
EN " Ald+2cde
Georgia, Russia
Capra cylindricomis
East Caucasian Tur
VU " Ald+2de,Cl
Azerbaijan?, Georgia, Russia
Capra falconeri
Markhor
EN " A2cde
Afghanistan, India, Pakistan,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Capra nubiana
Nubian Ibex
EN " C2a
Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon (ex), Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Sudan, Syria (ex), Yemen
Capra v/alia
Walia Ibex
CR " C2b
Ethiopia
Capricomis sumatraensis
Mainland Serow
VU " A2cd
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Capricomis swinhoei
Formosan Serow
VU " A2cd
Taiwan
Cephalophus adersi
Aders' Duiker
EN ' CI
Kenya, Tanzania
Cephalophus jentinki
Jentink's Duiker
VU ' Ale, CI
Cote d'lvoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Cephalophus spadix
Abbott's Duiker
VU ' CI
Tanzania
Cephalophus zebra
Zebra Duiker
VU ' Ale. CI
Cote d'lvoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Damaliscus hunteri
Hunter's Antelope
CR ' Ala
Kenya, Somalia
Dorcatragus megalotis
Beira Antelope
VU ' CI
Djibouti (ex?), Ethiopia, Somalia
Gazella bilkis
Queen of Sheba's Gazelle
CR ' Bl+2e, C2a
Saudi Arabia?, Yemen
Gazella cuvieri
Cuvier's Gazelle
EN ' C2a
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Western
Sahara (ex)
Gazella dama
Dama Gazelle
EN ' Ale, CI
Algeria (ex), Chad, Libya (ex), Mali,
Mauritania (ex), Morocco (ex),
Niger, Senegal [re-int], Sudan,
Western Sahara (ex)
Gazella leptoceros
Slender-homed Gazelle
EN ' Cl+2a
Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali,
Mauritania?, Morocco, Niger, Sudan,
Tunisia, Western Sahara (ex)
Gazella rufifrons
Red-fronted Gazelle
VU ' Ale
Benin?, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia (ex?),
Ghana (ex?), Mali, Mauritania,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Togo
Gazella soemmerringii
Soemmerring's Gazelle
VU ' CI
Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya?,
Somalia, Sudan
Gazella spekei
Speke's Gazelle
VU ' CI
Ethiopia, Somalia
Hemitragus hylocrius
Nilgiri Tahr
EN " C2a
India
Hemitragus jayakari
Arabian Tahr
EN " C2a
Oman, United Arab Emirates
Hemitragus jemlahicus
Himalayan Tahr
VU " A2cde
China, India, Nepal
Madoqua piacentinii
Silver Dikdik
VU ' CI
Somalia
Naemorhedus baileyi
Red Goral
VU " A2cd
China, India, Myanmar
Naemorhedus caudatus
Long-tailed Goral
VU " A2cd
China, Laos, North Korea, Russia,
South Korea, Thailand
Oryx dammah
Scimitar-homed Oryx
CR ' Alc,Cl-l-2a
Algeria (ex), Burkina Faso (ex?),
Chad (ex?), Egypt (ex), Israel [int],
Libya (ex), Mali (ex?), Mauritania
(ex), Morocco (ex), Niger (ex?),
Senegal (ex), Sudan (ex?), Tunisia
[re-int], Western Sahara (ex)
Oryx leucoryx
Arabian Oryx
EN ' Dl
Egypt (ex), Iraq (ex), Israel (ex),
Jordan [re-int], Oman [re-int], Saudi
Arabia [re-int], Syria (ex). United
Arab Emirates (ex), Yemen (ex)
Ovis ammon
Argali
VU " A2cde
Afghanistan, Bhutan?, China, India,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan?, Mongolia,
Nepal, Pakistan?, Russia, Tajikistan
Ovis orientalis
Mouflon, Urial
VU " A2cde
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Cyprus, France, India, Iran, Italy,
Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan
Pantholops hodgsonii
Tibetan Antelope
VU ' Ale
China, India, Nepal?
Procapra przewalskii
Przewalski's Gazelle
CR ' Ale, CI
China
Pseudois schaeferi
Dwarf Blue Sheep
EN " A2d, Bl-i-2e
China
21
Threatened Species
Pseudonovibos spiralis
Linh-duong
EN ' C2a
Cambodia, Viet Nam
Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
Vu Quang Ox
EN ' Cl+2a
Laos, Viet Nam
Saiga tatarica
Saiga
VU ' Ala
China (ex), Kazakhstan, MongoHa,
Russia, Turkmenistan
Tetracerus quadricornis
Four-homed Antelope
VU ' C2a
India, Nepal
Tragelaphus buxtoni
Mountain Nyala
EN' Ala, CI
Ethiopia
Order RODENTIA
Family SCIURmAE
Ammospermophilus nelsoni
Nelson's Antelope Squirrel
EN »- Ala, Bl+2c
USA
Biswamayopterus biswasi
CR " Bl+2c, CI
India
Callosciurus pygerythrus
VU " Alcd
Bangladesh, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam
Callosciurus quinquestriatus
VU " Alcd
China, Myanmar
Cynomys mexicanus
Mexican Prairie Dog
EN " Alcd
Mexico
Eupetaurus cinereus
Woolly Flying Squirrel
EN » A2ce, Bl+2cd, C2a
India, Pakistan
Funisciurus carruthersi
Carruther's Mountain Squirrel
VU " B1+2C
Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda
Hylopetes alboniger
EN " Ale
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Hylopetes sipora
EN " B1+2C
Indonesia
Hylopetes winstoni
CR " Bl+2c,Cl
Indonesia
Hyosciurus heinrichi
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia
Hyosciurus ileile
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia (Sulawesi)
lomys sipora
VU ■' B1+2C
Indonesia
Lariscus hosei
VU " B1+2C
Malaysia
Marmota menzbieri
Menzbier's Marmot
VU " Bi+2c
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Marmota vancouverensis
Vancouver Island Marmot
EN "- C2b, Dl
Canada
Myosciurus pumilio
African Pygmy Squirrel
VU " A2c
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Nigeria
Paraxerus cooperi
VU " Bl+2c
Cameroon
Paraxerus palliatus
VU " Ale
Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,
Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe
Paraxerus vexillarius
VU " B1+2C
Tanzania
Paraxerus vincenti
VU " B1+2C
Mozambique
Prosciurillus abstrusus
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia
Ratufa indica
VU " B1+2C
India
Ratufa macroura
VU " Ale
India, Sri Lanka
Sciurotamias forresti
VU " Ale
China
Spermophilus brunneus
Idaho Ground Squirrel
EN "- B2d+3d
USA
Spermophilus citellus
European Squirrel
VU « Ale
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Germany, Greece, Macedonia,
Moldova, Poland, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Spermophilus mohavensis
Mohave Ground Squirrel
VU «= Bl+3d
USA
Spermophilus suslicus
Spotted Souslik
VU « Ale
Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine
Spermophilus washingtoni
Washington Ground Squirrel
VU «= Ala, Bl+2d,C2a
USA
Sundasciurus jentinki
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia, Malaysia
Sundasciurus juvencus
EN ■* BI+2b
Philippines
Sundasciurus rabori
VU «' Ale, Bl+2b
Philippines
Sundasciurus samarensis
VU " B1+2C
Philippines
Tamias palmeri
Palmer's Chipmunk
VU «= A2c
USA
Trogopterus xanthipes
EN " Alcd
China
Family GEOMYIDAE
Geomys tropicalis
VU " Bl+2c
Mexico
Orthogeomys cuniculus
CR " Bl+2c
Mexico
Orthogeomys heterodus
VU " Bl+2ac
Costa Rica
Pappogeomys alcorni
VU " Bl+2ac
Mexico
22
Mammals
*n
Pappogeomys neglectus
CR " Bl+2c, CI
Mexico
Zygogeomys trichopus
Michoacan Pocket Gopher
EN " Ale, Bl+2ac
Mexico
Family HETEROMYmAE
Dipodomys elator
Texas Kangaroo Rat
VU " B1+2C
USA
Dipodomys gravipes
San Quintin Kangaroo Rat
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Dipodomys ingens
Giant Kangaroo Rat
CR "^ Ala
USA
Dipodomys insularis
CR " Bl+2c, CI
Mexico
Dipodomys margaritae
CR " Bl+2c, CI
Mexico
Heteromys nelsoni
CR " Bl+2c
Mexico
Perognathus longimembris
VU " Ale
Mexico, USA
Family DIPODroAE
Allactagafirouzi
CR " Bl+2c, CI
Iran
AUactaga tetradactyla
EN " Ale
Egypt, Libya
Cardiocranius paradoxus
VU " Ale
China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia
Eozapus setchuanus
VU " Ale
China
Euchoreutes naso
EN " Ale
China, Mongolia
Salpingotus crassicauda
VU " Ale
China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia
Sicista armenica
CR " Ale, CI
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
Sicista caudata
EN '" B1+2C
China, Russia
Family MURffiAE
Abrawayaomys ruschii
EN " Bl+2c
Brazil
Acomys cilicicus
CR " C2b
Turkey
Acomys minous
Spiny Mouse
VU « Bl+2e
Greece
Akodon lindberghi
VU " Bl+2c
Brazil
Akodon siberiae
VU '» D2
Bolivia
Alticola montosa
VU " BH-2C
India
AmmodiUus imbellis
VU " Ale
Ethiopia, Somalia
Andalgalomys olrogi
VU " D2
Argentina
Anonymomys mindorensis
Mindoro Climbing Rat
VU " C2a
Philippines
Anotomys leander
EN *" B1+2C
Ecuador
Apodemus hermonensis
EN " Bl+2c
Israel
Apomys gracilirostris
VU "' Bl+2b,C2a
Philippines
Apomys sacobianus
VU " C2b
Philippines
Archboldomys luzonensis
Mt Isarog Shrew-mouse
EN " C2b
Philippines
Beamys hindei
Lesser Hamster-rat
VU " Ale
Kenya, Tanzania
Bunomys coelestis
EN " Bl+2e
Indonesia
Bunomys prolatus
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Calomyscus hotsoni
EN ■' Bl+2e
Pakistan
Chiropodomys karlkoopmani
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Chrotomys gonzalesi
Mt Isarog Striped Rat
CR " Bl+2c
Philippines
Chrotomys whiteheadi
VU » Bl+2e
Philippines
Coccymys albidens
White-toothed Melomys
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Crateromys australis
Dinagat Island Cloud Rat
EN * Ale, Bl+2b,C2b
Philippines
Crateromys heaneyi
EN ■* Alc,C2b
Philippines
Crateromys paulus
CR «» Ale, Bl+2b,C2b
Philippines
Crateromys schadenbergi
Giant Bushy-tailed Cloud Rat
VU «' Ale, Bl+2c
Philippines
Cremnomys elvira
VU " C2b
India
Crunomys celebensis
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Crunomys fallax
CR " C2b
Philippines
Dasymys montanus
VU " B1+2C
Uganda
Dendromus oreas
VU " B1+2C
Cameroon
Dendromus vernayi
CR " Bl+2c, C2b
Angola
Dicrostonyx vinogradovi
CR " Bl+2c, C2b
Russia
23
Threatened Species
Eliurus majori
EN " Bl+2c
Madagascar
Eliurus penicillatus
CR " Bl+2c
Madagascar
Ellobius alaicus
EN " B1+2C
Kyrgyzstan
Eropeplus canus
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Gerbillus allenbyi
VU " B1+2C
Israel
Gerbillus bilensis
CR " Bl+2c,C2b
Ethiopia
Gerbillus bonhotei
VU " B1+2C
Egypt
Gerbillus burtoni
CR " Bl+2c, C2b
Sudan
Gerbillus cosensis
CR " C2b
Kenya
[R. Kozibir]
Gerbillus dalloni
CR " C2b
Chad
Gerbillus flo weri
CR " C2b
Egypt
Gerbillus grobbeni
CR " C2b
Libya
Gerbillus hoogstraali
CR " Bl+2c,C2b
Morocco
Gerbillus lowei
CR " C2b
Sudan
Gerbillus maghrebi
VU " B1+2C
Morocco
Gerbillus mauritaniae
CR " C2b
Mauritania
Gerbillus occiduus
CR " C2b
Morocco
Gerbillus principulus
CR " C2b
Sudan
Gerbillus quadrimaculatus
CR " C2b
Sudan
Gerbillus syrticus
CR " C2b
Libya
Grammomys gigas
EN " Bl+2c
Kenya
Gymnuromys roberti
VU " A2e
Madagascar
Habromys simulatus
EN " C2a
Mexico
Haeromys margarettae
VU " Ale, Bl+2c
Indonesia, Malaysia
Haeromys pusillus
VU " Ale
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Hybomys eisentrauti
EN " Bl+2c
Cameroon
Hydromys neobrittanicus
VU " Bl+2e
Papua New Guinea
Hypogeomys antimena
EN " A2c
Madagascar
Ichthyomys pittieri
VU « D2
Venezuela
Juscelinomys vulpinus
VU '' D2
Brazil
Komodomys rintjanus
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia
Kunsia fronto
VU " C2a
Argentina, Brazil
Kunsia tomentosus
VU " C2a
Bolivia, Brazil
Lamottemys okuensis
EN '" B1+2C
Cameroon
Leimacomys buettneri
CR '« B1+2C
Ghana
Lemniscomys mittendorfi
EN "" B1+2C
Cameroon
Leopoldamys neilli
EN " Ale
Thailand
Leopoldamys siporanus
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia
Leporillus conditor
Greater Stick-nest Rat
EN " Ale
Australia
Leptomys elegans
CR " B1+2C
Papua New Guinea
Leptomys signatus
CR " Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea
Macrotarsomys ingens
CR " Bl+2c
Madagascar
Macruromys elegans
Western Small-toothed Rat
CR " B1+2C
Indonesia
Macruromys major
EN " C2a
Papua New Guinea
Mallomys gunung
CR " Bl+2cd
Indonesia
Margaretamys elegans
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia
Margaretamys parvus
VU " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Mastomys pernanus
VU " C2a
Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania
Maxomys alticola
EN " C2a
Malaysia
Maxomys baeodon
EN " C2a
Malaysia
Maxomys dollmani
VU " C2a
Indonesia
Maxomys wattsi
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Mayermys ellermani
VU " C2a
Papua New Guinea
Megadendromus nikolausi
VU " B1-I-2C
Ethiopia
Melasmothrix naso
EN " BI+2C
Indonesia
24
Mammals
*n
Melomys fellowsi
VU " Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea
Melomys rubicola
CR " Bl+2e
Australia
Melomys spechti
EN " Bl+2c
Solomon Islands
Meriones arimalius
EN '" B1+2C
Oman, Saudi Arabia
Meriones chengi
CR " C2b
China
Meriones dahli
EN '" B1+2C
Armenia
Meriones sacramenti
EN " Bl+2c
Israel
Meriones zarudnyi
EN '" B1+2C
Afghanistan, Turkmenistan
Mesembriomys macrurus
VU " Alee
Australia
Mesocricetus auratus
EN " Bl+2c
Syria
Mesocricetus newtoni
Romanian Hamster
VU « D2
Bulgaria, Romania
Microtus evoronensis
CR " Bl+2c,C2b
Russia
Microtus kermanensis
EN " Bl+2c,C2a
Iran
Microtus mexicanus
VU " C2a
Mexico, USA
Microtus mujanensis
CR " Bl+2c,C2b
Russia
Millardia kondana
EN " B1+2C
India
Muriculus imberbis
VU " Ale
Ethiopia
Mus famulus
EN " Bl+2c
India
Mus goundae
VU " C2b
Central African Republic
Mus kasaicus
CR " Bl+2c
Zaire
Mus oubanguii
VU " B1+2C
Central African Republic
Myomys ruppi
VU " Bl+2c
Ethiopia
Myospatax fontanierii
VU " Aid
China
Mystromys albicandatus
VU " Ale
South Africa, Swaziland
Nannospalax leucodon
VU « D2
Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary,
Romania, Turkey, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Nectomys parvipes
CR " b:+2c
French Guiana
Neohydromys fuscus
VU " B1+2C
Papua New Guinea
Neotoma anthonyi
Anthony's Woodrat
EN " Ale, Bl+2c
Mexico
Neotoma bryanti
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Neotoma bunkeri
Bunker's Woodrat
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Neotoma fuscipes
VU " Ale
Mexico, USA
Neotoma martinensis
San Martin Island Woodrat
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Neotoma nelsoni
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Neotoma varia
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Nesoryzomys indefessus
EN " Bl+2c
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Neusticomys mussoi
EN " Bl+2c
Venezuela
Neusticomys oyapocki
EN " Bl+2c
French Guiana
Neusticomys peruviensis
EN " B1+2C
Peru
Neusticomys venezuelae
EN " B1+2C
Guyana, Venezuela
Notomys fuscus
Dusky Hopping-mouse
VU " Alee
Australia
Oecomys cleberi
EN " Bl+2c
Brazil
Oligoryzomys victus
EN " Bl+2c
St Vincent
Oryzomys galapagoensis
CR " Alee
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Oryzomys gorgasi
CR " Bl+2c
Colombia
Otomys occidentalis
EN " Bl+2c
Cameroon, Nigeria
Oxymycterus hiska
VU *» D2
Peru
Oxymycterus hucucha
VU « D2
Bolivia
Palawanomys furvus
EN " Bl+2c,C2b
Philippines
Papagomys armandviltei
VU " Bl+2e
Indonesia
Paraleptomys wilhelmina
VU " Bl+2c
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Pamromys ursinus
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Pelomys hopkinsi
VU " B1+2C
Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda
Pelomys isseli
VU " Bl+2e
Uganda
25
Threatened Species
Peromyscus bullatus
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Peromyscus caniceps
VU " B1+2C
Mexico
Peromyscus dickeyi
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Peromyscus interparietalis
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Peromyscus madrensis
VU " C2b
Mexico
Peromyscus mayensis
EN " Bl+2c
Guatemala
Peromyscus mekisturus
VU " B1+2C
Mexico
Peromyscus melanurus
VU " B1+2C
Mexico
Peromyscus polius
VU " B1+2C
Mexico
Peromyscus pseudocrinitus
CR " Bl+2c
Mexico
Peromyscus slevini
CR " Bl+2c
Mexico
Peromyscus stephani
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Peromyscus zarhynchus
VU " Ale
Mexico
Petromyscus barbouri
EN " Bl+2c
South Africa
Phaenomys ferrugineus
EN " C2a
Brazil
Phaulomys andersoni
Wakayama Red-backed Vole
VU " D2
Japan
Phloeomys cumingi
Southern Giant Slender-tailed Cloud
Rat
VU '' Alcd
Philippines
Podomys floridanus
Florida Mouse
VU «- Ala+2d
USA
Pogonomelomys bruijni
CR " Bl+2c
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Pogonomys championi
VU " B1+2C
Papua New Guinea
Praomys hartwigi
EN " Bl+2c
Cameroon, Nigeria
Praomys minor
VU "" B1-I-2C
Zaire
Praomys morio
VU "« B1-I-2C
Cameroon
Pseudohydromys murinus
CR " Bl-f2c
Papua New Guinea
Pseudohydromys occidentalis
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Pseudomys australis
VU " Alee
Australia
Pseudomys fieldi
CR " Alee
Australia
Pseudomys fumeus
Smoky Mouse
VU " Alee
Australia
Pseudomys glaucus
CR " Alee
Australia
Pseudomys occidentalis
Western Mouse
EN " A2ce
Australia
Pseudomys oralis
Hastings River Mouse
EN " A1c-h2c
Australia
Pseudomys patrius
VU " B1-I-2C
Australia
Pseudomys pilligaensis
Pilliga Mouse
VU " B1-I-2C
Australia
Pseudomys praeconis
Shark Bay Mouse
VU " Bl-^2c
Australia
Rattus adustus
VU " D2
Indonesia
Rattus baluensis
EN " B1-h2c
Malaysia
Rattus bontanus
VU " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Rattus burrus
VU " D2
India
Rattus elaphinus
VU " D2
Indonesia
Ratttts enganus
CR " C2b
Indonesia
Rattus feliceus
VU " D2
Indonesia
Rattus koogerwerfi
VU " D2
Indonesia
Rattus mindorensis
VU " Bl-h2c
Philippines
Rathis mollicomulus
VU " B1-H2C
Indonesia
Rattus montanus
CR " Bl+2c
Sri Lanka
Rattus palmarum
VU " D2
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Rattus pelurus
VU " D2
Indonesia
Rattus ranjiniae
VU " D2
India
Rattus sikkimensis
VU " Ale
Cambodia, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal?, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Rattus tawitawiensis
Tawitawi Island Rat
VU " B1-H2C
Philippines
Reithrodontomys raviventris
Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse
VU '- A1c-h2c
USA
26
Mammals
'n
Reithrodontomys rodriguezi
VU " B1+2C
Costa Rica
Reithrodontomys spectabilis
EN " Bl+2c
Mexico
Rhagomys rufescens
CR " B1+2C
Brazil
Rhipidomys scandens
VU « D2
Panama
Rhynchomys isarogensis
Mt Isarog Shrew-rat
VU »" B1+2C
Philippines
Scolomys melanops
EN * Bl+2c
Ecuador
Scolomys ucayalensi
EN « B1+2C
Peru
Sigmodon arizonae
EN " Ale
Mexico, USA
Sigmodontomys aphrastus
CR " Bl+2c
Costa Rica
Solomys ponceleti
Fencelet's Giant Rat
EN " Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Solomys salamonis
VU " B1+2C
Solomon Islands
Solomys sapientis
VU " BH-2C
Papua New Guinea
Spalax arenarius
VU " Ale, Bl+2c
Ukraine
Spalax giganteus
VU '" Ale, Bl+2c
Kazakhstan, Russia
Spalax graecus
Greater Mole Rat
VU « D2
Romania, Ukraine
Spalax leucodon
Lesser Mole Rat
VU » D2
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Greece, Hungary,
Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia,
Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Spalax microphthalmus
VU « D2
Russia, Ukraine
Steatomys jacksoni
VU " C2a
Ghana, Nigeria
Stenomys vandeuseni
EN " Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea
Sundamys maxi
EN " C2a
Indonesia
Tachyoryctes ankoliae
VU " Alcd
Uganda
Tachyoryctes annectens
EN " Bl+2c
Kenya
Tachyoryctes audax
VU " Bl+2c
Kenya
Tachyoryctes naivashae
EN " Bl+2cd
Kenya
Tachyoryctes rex
EN " Bl+2c
Kenya
Taeromys arcuatus
VU " D2
Indonesia
Taeromys hamatus
VU " D2
Indonesia
Tarsomys echinatus
VU ■' Ale, Bl+2b
Philippines
Tateomys macrocercus
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia
Tateomys rhinogradoides
VU " B1+2C
Indonesia
Tokudaia muenninki
EN " Ale
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Tokudaia osimensis
EN " Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Tryphomys adustus
VU »' Ale, Bl+2b
Philippines
Tylomys bullaris
CR " BI+2c
Mexico
Tylomys panamensis
VU " Bl+2c
Panama
Tylomys tumbalensis
CR " Bl+2c
Mexico
Typhlomys chapensis
CR " Bl+2cd
Viet Nam
Uromys imperator
EN " Bl+2c
Solomon Islands
Uromys rex
VU " B1+2C
Solomon Islands
Vandeleuria nolthenii
VU " Bl+2c
Sri Lanka
Vemayafulva
VU " C2a
China, Myanmar
Volemys kikuchii
VU " BI+2C
Taiwan
Xeromys myoides
False Water-rat
VU " Ale
Australia
Zyzomys palatilis
CR " Bl+2c
Australia
Zyzomys pedunculatus
Central Rock-rat
CR " Alce+2ce
Australia
Family PEDEXmAE
Pedetes capensis
VU " Alcd
Angola, Kenya, Mozambique,
Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Family CTENODACTYLIDAE
Felovia vae
Felou Gundi
VU " Ale
Mali, Mauritania, Senegal
Family MYOXmAE
Dryomys sichuanensis
EN '= Bl+2c
China
Eliomys quercinus
Garden Dormouse
VU " Ale
Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
27
Threatened Species
Glirulus japonicus
Japanese Dormouse
EN " Ale
Japan
Graphiurus ocularis
VU " Alcd
South Africa
Myomimus personatus
VU '" Bl+2c
Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Myomimus roachi
Mouse-tailed Dormouse
VU ' D2
Greece, Turkey
Myomimus setzeri
EN " Ale
Iran
Selevinia betpakdalaensis
EN '" B1+2C
Kazakhstan
Family HYSTRICmAE
Hystrix brachyura
VU " Aid
China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore,
Thailand
Family ERETHIZONXroAE
Sphiggurus vestitus
VU " C2a
Colombia, Venezuela
Family CHINCHILLIDAE
Chinchilla brevicaudata
Short-tailed Chinchilla
CR '" Alcd
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru (ex?)
Chinchilla lanigera
Long-tailed Chinchilla
VU " Alcd
Chile
Family DINOMYIDAE
Dinomys branickii
Pacarana
EN " Alcd
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
Pern, Venezuela
Family DASYPROCTIDAE
Dasyprocta azarae
VU " Alcd
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Dasyprocta coibae
EN '= Bl+2ce
Panama
Dasyprocta ruatanica
EN " Alcde, Bl+2e
Honduras
Family OCTODONXroAE
Octodon pacificus
VU '^ D2
Chile
Tympanoctomys barrerae
Red Vizcacha Rat
VU •« Ala
Argentina
Family ABROCOMIDAE
Abrocoma boliviensis
VU '" D2
Bolivia
Family ECHIMYroAE
Chaetomys subspinosus
Thin-spined Porcupine
VU " A2c
Brazil
Clyomys bishopi
VU " D2
Brazil
Diplomys rufodorsalis
VU " Bl+2c
Colombia
Echimys chrysurus
VU " A2ce
Brazil
Echimys thomasi
VU " D2
Brazil
Family CAPROMYIDAE
Geocapromys brownii
Jamaican Hutia
VU " Alcd
Jamaica
Geocapromys ingrahami
Bahamian Hutia
VU " D2
Bahamas
Isolobodon portoricensis
CR '' Bl+2c
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto
Rico? [int]
Mesocapromys angelcabrerai
Cabrera's Hutia
CR " Bl+2ce
Cuba
Mesocapromys auritus
Large-eared Hutia
CR " Bl+2ce
Cuba
Mesocapromys nanus
Dwarf Hutia
CR " Bl+2de
Cuba
Mesocapromys sanfelipensis
Little Earth Hutia
CR " C2b
Cuba
Mysateles garridoi
Garrido's Hutia
CR " Dl
Cuba
Mysateles gundlachi
Chapman's Prehensile-tailed Hutia
VU " A2c
Cuba
Ptagiodontia aedium
Hispaniolan Hutia
VU " Alac
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Order LAGOMORPHA
Family OCHOTONmAE
Ochotona helanshanensis
Helan Shan Pika
CR '" A2cd
China
Ochotona iliensis
Hi Pika
VU "» Dl+2
China
Ochotona koslowi
Koslov's Pika
EN "» Bl+2abd
China
Ochotona pusilla
Steppe Pika
VU '<" Alcd, C2a
Kazakhstan, Russia
Family LEPORmAE
Bunolagus monticularis
Riverine Rabbit
EN "» Bl+2c
South Africa
Caprolagus hispidus
Hispid Hare
EN "" Alc+2c, Bl+2abcde, CI
Bangladesh, India, Nepal
Lepus castroviejoi
Broom Hare
VU '" B2C-I-3C, C2b
Spain
Lepus flavigularis
Tehuantepec Jackrabbit
EN '" Alac
Mexico
Lepus hainanus
Hainan Hare
VU "» Alac
China
28
Birds
Nesolagus netscheri
Sumatran Rabbit
CR "» Bl+2abcde,C2a
Indonesia
Pentalagus fumessi
Amami Rabbit
EN '" A2b, Bl+2bce,Cl
Japan
Romerolagus diazi
Volcano Rabbit
EN '<" Alabc+2bc,Bl+2bcd+3abc,
Cl+2a
Mexico
Sylvilagus dicei
Dice's Cottontail
EN '" Alc+2bc, B2c+3c
Costa Rica, Panama
Sylvilagus graysoni
Tres Marias Rabbit
EN '« Alac+2c, Bl+2c, Cl+2a
Mexico
Sylvilagus insonus
Omiltemi Rabbit
CR "" Alac,Bl+2c
Mexico
Sylvilagus transitionalis
New England Cottontail
VU '" Alae, Cl+2a
USA
Order MACROSCELIDEA
Family MACROSCELIDroAE
Elephantulus edwardU
VU » B1+2C
South Africa
Elephantulus revoili
EN * B1+2C
Somalia
Elephantulus rupestris
VU « B1+2C
South Africa
Macroscelides proboscideus
VU " Bl+2c
Namibia, South Africa
Rhynchocyon chrysopygus
Golden-rumped Elephant-shrew
EN " Bl+2c
Kenya
Rhynchocyon cirnei
VU « Bl+2c
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia
Rhynchocyon petersi
Black-and-rufous Elephant-Shrew
EN * Bl+2c
Kenya, Tanzania
Class AVES
Order CASUARIIFORMES
Family CASUARIffiAE
Casuarius casuarius
Southern Cassowary
VU -' Alacde+2cde
Australia, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea
Casuarius unappendiculatus
Northern Cassowary
VU -' Alacd+2cd
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Order APTERVGIFORMES
Family APTERYGmAE
Apteryx australis
Brown Kiwi
VU =' Ale
New Zealand
Apteryx haastii
Great Spotted Kiwi
VU '-' Bl+2e
New Zealand
Apteryx owenii
Little Spotted Kiwi
VU =' D2
New Zealand
Order TEVAMIFGRMES
Family TEVAMroAE
Crypturellus kerriae
Choco Tinamou
VU =' Bl+2c,C2a
Colombia, Panama
Crypturellus ptaritepui
Tepui Tinamou
VU -' D2
Venezuela
Crypturellus saltuarius
Magdalena Tinamou
CR -' Bl+2c,C2b
Colombia
Nothoprocta kalinowskii
Kalinowski's Tinamou
CR " Dl
Peru
Nothoprocta taczanowskii
Taczanowski's Tinamou
VU -' C2a
Peru
Nothura minor
Lesser Nothura
VU -' Alc,C2a
Brazil
Taoniscus nanus
Dwarf Tinamou
VU =' Alc,C2a
Argentina (ex?), Brazil
Order SPHENISCEFORMES
Family SPHENISCIDAE
Eudyptes pachyrhynchus
Fiordland Penguin
VU -' C2a
New Zealand
Eudyptes robustus
Snares Islands Penguin
VU -' D2
New Zealand
Eudyptes sclateri
Erect-crested Penguin
VU -' D2
New Zealand
Megadyptes antipodes
Yellow-eyed Penguin
VU " C2a
New Zealand (Auckland Is,
Campbell Id)
Spheniscus mendiculus
Galapagos Penguin
VU -' Ala,C2b
Ecuador
Order PODICIPEDIFORMES
Family PODICIPEDIDAE
Podiceps taczanowskii
Junin Grebe
CR 2' A 1 ace+2ce, B 1 +2cde,
Cl+2b
Peru
Poliocephalus rufopectus
New Zealand Dabchick
EN ^' C2a
New Zealand
Tachybaptus pelzelnii
Madagascar Grebe
VU -' Alace+2ce, Cl+2b
Madagascar
Tachybaptus rufotavatus
Alaotra Grebe
CR =' Dl
Madagascar
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES
Family DIOMEDEroAE
Diomedea albatrus
Short-tailed Albatross
EN -' CI
China (ex), Japan. * Russia, Taiwan,
USA (Hawaiian Is)
29
Threatened Species
Diomedea amsterdamensis
Amsterdam Albatross
CR -' Dl
French Southern and Antarctic
Territories (Amsterdam Id)
Diomedea exulans
Wandering Albatross
VU -' Alad+2d
Australia, French Southern and
Antarctic Territories, New Zealand,
South Africa, South Georgia,
St Helena
Family PROCELLARIIDAE
Procellaria parkinsoni
Black Petrel
VU '-' D2
New Zealand * Ecuador, Peru
Procellaria westlandica
Westland Petrel
VU " D2
New Zealand. * Australia, Chile
Pterodroma aterrima
Mascarene Black Petrel
CR ^' Dl
Reunion
Pterodroma axillaris
Chatham Islands Petrel
CR " Bl+2e
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Pterodroma baraui
Barau's Petrel
CR ■' Aid
Reunion
Pterodroma becki
Beck's Petrel
CR 2' Dl
Papua New Guinea (ex?), Solomon
Islands (ex?)
Pterodroma cahow
Bermuda Petrel
EN =' Dl
Bermuda
Pterodroma caribbaea
Jamaica Petrel
CR ^' C2b
Jamaica
Pterodroma cervicalis
White-necked Petrel
VU =' D2
New Zealand, Norfolk Island
Pterodroma cookii
Cook's Petrel
VU ^' D2
New Zealand. * Chile, Peru
Pterodroma defilippiana
Defilippe's Petrel
VU ^' D2
Chile (Desventuradas Is, Juan
Fernandez Is)
Pterodroma feae
Fea's Petrel
VU -' Dl+2
Cape Verde, Portugal (Madeira)
Pterodroma hasitata
Black-capped Petrel
EN ^' C2a
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti
Pterodroma incerta
Atlantic Petrel
VU " D2
St Helena
Pterodroma macgillivrayi
Fiji Petrel
CR ^' C2b, Dl
Fiji
Pterodroma madeira
Zino's Petrel
CR ^' Dl
Portugal (Madeira)
Pterodroma magentae
Magenta Petrel
CR -' Bl-H2e, C2b
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Pterodroma phaeopygia
Galapagos Petrel
CR -' Alace-h2ce
Ecuador (Galapagos Is). "■ Chile,
Colombia (Malpelo Id), Costa Rica,
Ecuador, French Polynesia, Mexico,
Panama, Peru
Pterodroma pycrofti
Pycroft's Petrel
VU ^' C2a
New Zealand, Norfolk Island (ex)
Pterodroma sandmchensis
Hawaiian Petrel
VU =' D2
USA (Hawaiian Is). * French
Polynesia?, Kiribati
Pterodroma solandri
Providence Petrel
VU ^' D2
Australia, Norfolk Island (ex)
Puffinus auricularis
Townsend's Shearwater
VU -' A 1 e+2e, B 1 +2e, C 1 +2b
Mexico (Revillagigedos Is)
Puffinus creatopus
Pink-footed Shearwater
VU ^' D2
Chile (Juan Fernandez Is). * Cocos
(Keeling) Islands, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Pern, USA
Puffinus heinrothi
Heinroth's Shearwater
EN ^' C2b
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Puffinus huttoni
Hutton's Shearwater
EN -' Bl+2bce
New Zealand
Puffinus newelli
Newell's Shearwater
VU 2' D2
USA
Puffinus opisthomelas
Black-vented Shearwater
VU '■ D2
Mexico
Family HYDROBATmAE
Oceanodroma macrodactyla
Guadalupe Storm-petrel
CR ^' Dl
Mexico
Family PELECANOromAE
Pelecanoides gamotii
Peruvian Diving-petrel
EN -' Ala
Chile, Peru
Order PELECANIFORMES
Family PELECANffiAE
Pelecanus crispus
Dalmatian Pelican
VU ^' C2a
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Bulgaria, China, Greece, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania,
Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. •*
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt,
Hong Kong, India, Iraq, Lebanon,
Pakistan, Syria
Pelecanus philippensis
Spot-billed Pelican
VU -' Alacde.Cl
India, Sri Lanka. * Bangladesh,
Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family SULffiAE
Papasula abbotti
Abbott's Booby
VU -' C2b, D2
Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling)
Islands, Costa Rica?. * Indonesia,
Mauritius (ex), Seychelles (ex)
30
Birds
Family PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax campbelli
Campbell Island Shag
VU =' D2
New Zealand
Phalacrocorax carunculatus
New Zealand King Shag
VU '-' Dl+2
New Zealand
Phalacrocorax chalconotus
Stewart Island Shag
VU -' C2a
New Zealand
Phalacrocorax colensoi
Auckland Islands Shag
VU ^' D2
New Zealand
Phalacrocorax featherstoni
Pitt Island Shag
VU " D2
New Zealand
Phalacrocorax harrisi
Galapagos Cormorant
VU -' Bl+3c, Dl+2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Phalacrocorax onslowi
Chatham Islands Shag
VU ^' Bl+2d, Dl
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi
Bounty Islands Shag
VU '-' D2
New Zealand
Family FREGATIDAE
Fregata andrewsi
Christmas Island Frigatebird
VU " D2
Christmas Island. * Brunei, China,
Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Hong
Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Singapore, Solomon
Islands, Thailand, Viet Nam
Fregata aguila
Ascension Frigatebird
CR -' Bl+2e
St Helena (Ascension)
Order CICONIIFORMES
Family ARDEffiAE
Ardea humbloti
Madagascar Heron
VU ^' C2a
Comoros?, Madagascar. * Comoros,
Mayotte
Ardea insignis
White-bellied Heron
EN -' Cl+2a
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Myanmar, Nepal (ex)
Botaurus poiciloptilus
Australasian Bittern
EN =' C2a
Australia, New Caledonia, New
Zealand
Egretta eulophotes
Chinese Egret
EN '-' CI
China, Hong Kong?, North Korea,
South Korea. * Brunei, Indonesia,
Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Russia,
Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Egretta vinaceigula
Slaty Egret
VU ^' C2a
Botswana, Namibia, Zambia?
Gorsachius goisagi
Japanese Night-heron
VU " Cl+2a
Japan. * Bmnei, China, Hong Kong,
Indonesia, Palau, Philippines, Russia,
South Korea, Taiwan
Gorsachius magnificus
White-eared Night-heron
CR ^' CU2a
China. * Viet Nam
Family CICONimAE
Ciconia boyciana
Oriental Stork
EN -' CI
China, Russia. * Bangladesh, Hong
Kong, India, Japan, Myanmar, North
Korea, South Korea, Taiwan
Ciconia stormi
Storm's Stork
EN -' Cl-i-2a
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand. *
Brunei, Malaysia
Leptoptilos dubius
Greater Adjutant
EN -' CI
Bangladesh, Cambodia (ex?), India,
Laos (ex?), Myanmar (ex?),
Viet Nam (ex?). * Nepal, Thailand
Leptoptilos javanicus
Lesser Adjutant
VU ^' CI
Bangladesh, Cambodia?, China,
India, Indonesia, Laos?, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Viet Nam. * Bhutan,
Brunei, Singapore
Mycteria cinerea
Milky Stork
VU =' CI
Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand (ex), Viet Nam
Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Bostrychia bocagei
Dwarf Olive Ibis
CR -' DI
Sao Tome & Principe
Geronticus calvus
Southern Bald Ibis
VU -' C2b
Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland
Geronticus eremita
Northern Bald Ibis
CR -' C2a
Algeria, Egypt (ex), Morocco, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal (ex), Turkey (ex). *
Ethiopia, Syria, Yemen
Nipponia nippon
Crested Ibis
CR -' C2b, Dl
China, Japan (ex). North Korea (ex)
Platalea minor
Black-faced Spoonbill
CR " A2c
China, North Korea, South Korea. *
Cambodia, China, Hong Kong,
Japan, Philippines, Taiwan,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Pseudibis davisoni
White-shouldered Ibis
EN " Cl+2a
Cambodia?, China, Indonesia, Laos?,
Myanmar?, Thailand, Viet Nam. *
Malaysia
Pseudibis gigantea
Giant Ibis
CR " CI
Cambodia (ex?), Laos, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Family PHOENICOPTERroAE
Phoenicopterus andinus
Andean Flamingo
VU 2' A2cd
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Phoenicopterus jamesi
Puna Flamingo
VU -' A2cd
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
31
Threatened Species
Order ANSERIFORMES
Family ANAXmAE
Anas aucklandica
Brown Teal
VU -' Bl+2bcde
New Zealand
Anas bernieri
Madagascar Teal
EN =' C2b
Madagascar
Anasformosa
Baikal Teal
VU '' Made, D2
Russia. * China, Japan, North Korea,
South Korea, Taiwan
Anas laysanensis
Laysan Duck
VU =' Dl+2
USA
Anas wyvilliana
Hawaiian Duck
VU -' D2
USA [int] (Hawaiian Is)
Anser cygnoides
Swan Goose
VU -' Alcd+2cd
China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
Russia. * China, Japan, North Korea,
South Korea, Taiwan
Anser erythropus
Lesser White-fronted Goose
VU =' Alacd
Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden. *
Albania, Bulgaria, China, Greece,
Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan,
Latvia, Pakistan, Romania, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Yugoslavia
Aythya baeri
Baer's Pochard
VU "' Alac.Cl
China, North Korea?, Russia. *
Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India,
Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, South
Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam
Aythya innotata
Madagascar Pochard
OR ^-' Dl
Madagascar
Aythya nyroca
Ferruginous Duck
VU 2' Alacd
Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia,
Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, India,
Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,
Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, Slovenia, Spain, Tajikistan,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. * Algeria,
Bangladesh, Belgium, Bhutan,
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia,
France, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon,
Libya, Mali, Malta, Myanmar,
Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria,
Oman, Pakistan, Senegal, Sudan,
Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia,
United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam,
Yemen
Branta ruficollis
Red-breasted Goose
VU -' A2cd, Bl-H2cd
Russia. * Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary,
Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Romania,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine
Branta sandvicensis
Nene
VU =' DI
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Cairina scutulata
White-winged Duck
EN " Cl-h2a
Bangladesh, Cambodia?, India,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Dendrocygna arborea
West Indian Whistling-duck
VU '■' C2a
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,
Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, Turks and
Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands
(British), Virgin Islands (US)
Hymenolaimus malacorhynchus
Blue Duck
VU 2' C2a
New Zealand
Marmaronetta angustirostris
Marbled Teal
VU " A2c
Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, China?, Egypt?, Georgia,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan,
Morocco, Pakistan?, Russia, Senegal,
Spain, Tajikistan, Tunisia (ex?),
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. *
Chad, Egypt, India, Mali, Morocco,
Pakistan, Turkey
Mergus octosetaceus
Brazilian Merganser
CR -' A2ce,C2a,Dl
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Mergus squamatus
Scaly-sided Merganser
VU '-' Cl+2a
China, North Korea, Russia. * Japan,
South Korea
Oxyura leucocephala
White-headed Duck
VU -' A2e
Afghanistan, Algeria, France, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania,
Russia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. *
Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
China, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, India,
Iraq, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan
Polysticta stelleri
Steller's Eider
VU -' Ala
Russia, USA. * Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway,
Poland, Sweden
Rhodonessa caryophyllacea
Pink-headed Duck
CR '-' Dl
India, Myarmiar, Nepal
Salvadorina waigiuensis
Salvadori's Teal
VU -' C2a
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Somateria fischeri
Spectacled Eider
VU =' Ala
Russia, USA
Stictonetta naevosa
Freckled Duck
VU '-' Bl-H3d
Australia
Tadorna cristata
Crested Shelduck
CR -' Dl
China?, North Korea?, Russia. *
China?, Japan, South Korea
Order FALCONIFORMES
Family CATHARXmAE
Gymnogyps californianus
California Condor
CR -' Dl
USA [re-int]
Family ACdPIXRTOAE
Accipiter brachyurus
New Britain Sparrowhawk
VU =' CI
Papua New Guinea
32
Birds
Accipiter gundlachi
Gundlach's Hawk
EN " C2a
Cuba
Accipiter imitator
Imitator Sparrowhawk
EN " C2a
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Aquila adaWerti
Spanish Imperial Eagle
VU ^' Dl
Algeria (ex), Portugal, Spain. *
Morocco
Aquila clanga
Greater Spotted Eagle
VU '' C2a
Belarus, China, Finland, India, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova,
Mongolia, Pakistan, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Ukraine. *
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bulgaria,
Cambodia, Czech Republic, Egypt,
Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hong Kong, Hungary, Iraq, Israel,
Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos,
Lebanon, Malaysia, Morocco,
Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Sudan,
Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, United
Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Yemen
Aquila heliaca
Imperial Eagle
VU =' C2a
Albania?, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
China, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia,
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Macedonia, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan,
Yugoslavia. * Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Djibouti, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Hong Kong, India, Iraq,
Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Laos,
Lebanon, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United
Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Yemen
Buteo galapagoensis
Galapagos Hawk
VU " Dl
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Buteo ridgwayi
Hispaniolan Hawk
EN ^' C2a
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Erythrotriorchis radiatus
Red Goshawk
EN ^' C2b
Australia
Eutriorchis astur
Madagascar Serpent-eagle
OR -' Cl+2a
Madagascar
Gyps coprotheres
Cape Griffon
VU -' Alade+2de,Cl+2b
Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique,
Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe
(ex). * Swaziland
Haliaeetus leucoryphus
Pallas' s Sea-eagle
VU ^' Cl+2b
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Myarmiar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Russia?, Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan. * Afghanistan
Haliaeetus pelagicus
Steller's Sea-eagle
VU =' Cl+2b
Russia. * Japan, North Korea?, South
Korea
Haliaeetus sanfordi
Sanford's Fish-eagle
VU -' Cl+2a
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Haliaeetus vociferoides
Madagascar Fish-eagle
CR ■' C2b
Madagascar
Harpyhaliaetus coronatus
Crowned Eagle
VU -' C2b
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Umguay
Harpyopsis novaeguineae
New Guinea Harpy Eagle
VU -' Cl-i-2b
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Leucopternis lacernulata
White-necked Hawk
VU -' Cl+2a, Dl
Brazil
Leucopternis occidentalis
Grey-backed Hawk
EN ^' C2a
Ecuador, Peru
Lophoictinia isura
Square-tailed Kite
VU '-' C2b
Australia
Pithecophagajefferyi
Philippine Eagle
CR " CI
Philippines
Spizaetus bartelsi
Javan Hawk-eagle
EN =' Cl+2b
Indonesia
Spizaetus nanus
Wallace's Hawk-eagle
VU -' A1c-h2c, Cl-H2a
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Spizaetus philippensis
Philippine Hawk-eagle
VU -' Alc-t-2c, Cl+2a
Phihppines
Family FALCONIDAE
Falco araea
Seychelles Kestrel
VU =' Dl
Seychelles
Falco fasciinucha
Taita Falcon
VU " C1,D1
Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, South Africa,
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Falco hypoleucos
Grey Falcon
VU -' C2b
Australia
Falco naumanni
Lesser Kestrel
VU -' A lace
Afghanistan, Albania?, Algeria,
Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan,
Bulgaria, China, Croatia, France,
Georgia, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary,
Iran, Iraq?, Israel, Italy, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon?,
Libya, Macedonia, Moldova,
Mongolia, Morocco, Poland?,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland?, Syria, Tajikistan,
Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. *
Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin,
Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Cyprus,
Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau?, India, Iraq, Kenya,
Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Malawi, Maldives, Mali,
Malta, Mauritania, Mozambique,
Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger,
Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Poland,
Qatar, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra
Leone?, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo?, Turkey,
Uganda, United Arab Emirates,
Western Sahara?, Yemen, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
33
Threatened Species
Falco punctatus
Mauritius Kestrel
EN -' Dl
Mauritius
Micrastur plumbeus
Plumbeous Forest-falcon
EN =' C2a
Colombia, Ecuador
Order GALLIFORMES
Family MEGAPODIffiAE
Aepypodius bruijnii
Bruijn's Brush-turkey
VU " Dl
Indonesia
Leipoa ocellata
Malleefowl
VU -' Alce+2ce, Cl+2a
Australia
Macrocephalon maleo
Maleo
VU '-' Cl+2a
Indonesia
Megapodius laperouse
Micronesian Scrubfowl
VU '-' CI
Guam (ex), Northern Marianas, Palau
Megapodius layardi
Vanuatu Scrubfowl
VU -' A2cd
Vanuatu
Megapodius nicobariensis
Nicobar Scrubfowl
VU '-' CI
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Megapodius pritchardii
Niaufoou Scrubfowl
EN -' Bl+2e,C2a
Tonga
Megapodius wallacei
Moluccan Scrubfowl
VU -' A2cd,Cl
Indonesia
Family CRACIDAE
Crax alberti
Blue-billed Curassow
OR '-' C2a
Colombia
Crax blumenbachii
Red-billed Curassow
CR -' C2a
Brazil
Crax globulosa
Wattled Curassow
VU -' Alcd+2cd,Cl+2a
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru
Oreophasis derbianus
Homed Guan
VU 2' C2a
Guatemala, Mexico
Ortalis erythroptera
Rufous-headed Chachalaca
VU =' Cl-i-2a
Ecuador, Peru
Pauxi pauxi
Northern Helmeted Curassow
EN -' C2a
Colombia, Venezuela
Pauxi unicornis
Southern Helmeted Curassow
EN " C2a
Bolivia, Peru
Penelope albipennis
White-winged Guan
CR -' C2a
Peru
Penelope barbata
Bearded Guan
VU -' A2cd, Cl-i-2a
Ecuador, Peru
Penelope ochrogaster
Chestnut-bellied Guan
VU =' C2a
Brazil
Penelope ortoni
Baudo Guan
VU =' Alcd-f2cd, Cl-f2a
Colombia, Ecuador
Penelope perspicax
Cauca Guan
EN -' C2a
Colombia
Pipile jacutinga
Black-fronted Piping-guan
VU '-' C2a
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Pipile pipile
Trinidad Piping-guan
CR ^' C2a
Trinidad and Tobago
Family PHASIANmAE
Afropavo congensis
Congo Peafowl
VU ^' C2b
Zaire
Agelastes meleagrides
White-breasted Guineafowl
VU -' Alcd+2cd
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana (ex?), Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Arborophila ardens
Hainan Partridge
EN ■' Alcd.CI
China
Arborophila cambodiana
Chestnut-headed Partridge
VU -' B1-I-2C, ClH-2a
Cambodia, Thailand
Arborophila charltonii
Chestnut-necklaced Partridge
VU 2' Ale
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Arborophila davidi
Orange-necked Partridge
CR -' Bl-h2c,Cl
Viet Nam
Arborophila gingiva
White-necklaced Partridge
VU '-' Cl+2a
China
Arborophila mandellii
Chestnut-breasted Partridge
VU =' Cl-H2a
Bhutan, China, India
Arborophila merlini
Annam Partridge
EN -' Bl-f2c
Viet Nam
Arborophila nifipectus
Sichuan Partridge
CR -' BI-H2C
China
Catreus wallichi
Cheer Pheasant
VU -' C2a
India, Nepal, Pakistan
Crossoptilon crossoptilon
White Eared-pheasant
VU =' C2a
China
Crossoptilon harmani
Tibetan Eared-pheasant
VU =' C2a
China
Crossoptilon mantchuricum
Brown Eared-pheasant
VU =' B1+2C
China
Dendrortyx barbatus
Bearded Wood-partridge
CR ■' A2cd
Mexico
Francolinus camerunensis
Mount Cameroon Francolin
VU " D2
Cameroon
Francolinus griseostriatus
Grey-striped Francolin
VU -' Bl+2bc, C2a
Angola
34
Birds
Francolinus gularis
Swamp Francolin
VU '-' Ale
Bangladesh, India, Nepal
Francolinus harwoodi
Harwood's Francolin
VU ^' Bl+2c,C2a
Ethiopia
Francolinus ochropectus
Djibouti Francolin
CR '' Alac+2c
Djibouti
Francolinus swierstrai
Swierstra's Francolin
VU '' Bl+2abc,C2a
Angola
Lophophorus Ihuysii
Chinese Monal
VU =' C2a
China
Lophophorus sclateri
Sclater's Monal
VU 2' Cl+2a
China, India, Myanmar
Lophura bulweri
Bulwer's Pheasant
VU '' C2a
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Lophura diardi
Siamese Fireback
VU ^' Alcd+2cd
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam
Lophura edwardsi
Edwards's Pheasant
CR '■ B1+2C, Cl+2a, Dl
Viet Nam
Lophura erythrophthalma
Crestless Fireback
VU ^' Alc+2c
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Lophura hatinensis
Vietnamese Pheasant
EN =' Bl+2c, CI
Viet Nam
Lophura hoogerwerfi
Sumatran Pheasant
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Lophura ignita
Crested Fireback
VU -' Alcd+2cd
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Lophura imperialis
Imperial Pheasant
CR -' Cl+2b
Laos?, Viet Nam
Lophura inornata
Salvadori's Pheasant
VU ^' Cl+2a
Indonesia
Odontophorus strophium
Gorgeted Wood-quail
EN =' B1+2C
Colombia
Ophrysia superciliosa
Himalayan Quail
CR ■' Dl
India
Pavo muticus
Green Peafowl
VU -' Alcd+2cd
Bangladesh (ex?), Cambodia, China,
India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Perdicula manipurensis
Manipur Bush-quail
VU -' Cl+2a
Bangladesh, India
Polyplectron emphanum
Palawan Peacock-pheasant
EN ^' C2a
Philippines
Polyplectron germaini
Germain's Peacock-pheasant
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Laos?, Viet Nam
Polyplectron inopinatum
Mountain Peacock-pheasant
VU -' Bl+2c, Cl+2a
Malaysia
Polyplectron malacense
Malayan Peacock-pheasant
VU " Alc+2c, Cl+2a
Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand
Polyplectron schleiermacheri
Bomean Peacock-pheasant
CR -' Ale, CI
Indonesia, Malaysia
Rheinardia ocellata
Crested Argus
VU ^' Aled
Laos, Malaysia, Viet Nam
Syrmaticus ellioti
Elliot's Pheasant
VU ^' Cl+2a
China
Syrmaticus humiae
Hume's Pheasant
VU ^' Cl+2a
China, India, Myanmar, Thailand
Syrmaticus reevesii
Reeves's Pheasant
VU -' Alc,Cl-i-2a
China, Czech Republic [int]
Tragopan blythii
Blyth's Tragopan
VU ^' Cl+2a
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar
Tragopan caboti
Cabot's Tragopan
VU '-' Cl-^2a
China
Tragopan melanocephalus
Western Tragopan
VU '-' Cl+2a
China, India, Nepal?, Pakistan
Xenoperdix udzungwensis
Udzungwa Forest-partridge
EN ^' Bl+2e
Tanzania
Order GRUIFORMES
Family MESITORNITHIDAE
Mesitomis unicolor
Brown Mesite
VU -' A2c,Cl-l-2a
Madagascar
Mesitomis variegata
White-breasted Mesite
VU -' A2e, Bl+2ac
Madagascar
Monias benschi
Subdesert Mesite
VU ^' A2c, Bl+2ce,Cl+2b
Madagascar
Family TURNICIDAE
Turnix castanota
Chestnut-backed Buttonquail
VU -' C2a
Australia
Turnix everetti
Sumba Buttonquail
VU -' Cl-H2a, Dl
Indonesia
Turnix melanogaster
Black-breasted Buttonquail
EN " C2a
Australia
Turnix olivii
Buff-breasted Buttonquail
EN " C2b
Australia
Turnix worcesteri
Worcester's Buttonquail
VU " Dl
Philippines
35
Threatened Species
Family PEDIONOMIDAE
Pedionomus torquatus
Plains-wanderer
VU -' B2c+3d
Australia
Family GRUIDAE
Grus americana
Whooping Crane
EN -' Dl
Canada. * Mexico (ex), USA
Grus carunculatus
Wattled Crane
VU -' A2cd, CI
Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia,
Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,
South Africa, Tanzania, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Grus japonensis
Red-crowned Crane
VU -' Cl+2a
China, Japan, Mongolia, Russia. *
North Korea, South Korea
Grus leucogeranus
Siberian Crane
EN =' A2cd
China, Mongolia?, Russia. *
Afghanistan, India, Iran, Pakistan
Grus nigricollis
Black-necked Crane
VU -' CI
China, India. * Bhutan, Myanmar,
Viet Nam
Grus paradisea
Blue Crane
VU -' Alac+2c,Cl+2a
Botswana, Namibia, South Africa,
Swaziland
Grus vipio
White-naped Crane
VU -' CI
China, Mongolia, Russia. * Japan,
North Korea, South Korea
Family RALLIDAE
Amaurornis olivieri
Sakalava Rail
OR ^' C2a
Madagascar
Aramides wolfi
Brown Wood-rail
VU " Ale
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Aramidopsis plateni
Snoring Rail
VU -' Cl+2a
Indonesia
Atlantisia rogersi
Inaccessible Rail
VU -' D2
St Helena (Tristan da Cunha)
Coturnicops exquisitus
Swinhoe's Rail
VU -' Cl+2a
China, Russia. * Japan, North Korea,
South Korea
Crex crex
Corncrake
VU -' Alac
Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia?,
Austria, Azerbaijan (ex?), Belaras,
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey?,
Ukraine, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia. * Algeria, Botswana,
Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Iraq,
Israel, Kenya, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi
Arabia, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, United
Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Cyanolimnas cerverai
Zapata Rail
CR -' C2b
Cuba
Fulica alai
Hawaiian Coot
VU -' D2
USA
Fulica cornuta
Homed Coot
VU -' C2a
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile
Gallinula nesiotis
Cough Moorhen
VU '-' D2
St Helena (Tristan da Cunha)
Gallinula pacifica
Samoan Moorhen
CR " Dl
Western Samoa
Gallinula silvestris
San Cristobal Moorhen
CR -' C2b
Solomon Islands
Gallirallus lafresnayanus
New Caledonian Rail
CR 2' C2a
New Caledonia (ex?)
Gallirallus okinawae
Okinawa Rail
EN -' Bl+2c,C2b
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Gallirallus sylvestris
Lord Howe Rail
EN =' Dl
Australia
Gymnocrex rosenbergii
Bald-faced Rail
VU " Cl+2a
Indonesia
Habroptila wallacii
Invisible Rail
VU " CI
Indonesia
Laterallus levraudi
Rusty-flanked Crake
VU =' A1C-I-2C, Bl-H2c,Cl+2a
Venezuela
Laterallus tuerosi
Juni'n Rail
EN ^' BH2c
Peru
Laterallus xenopterus
Rufous-faced Crake
VU -' Alc+2c
Brazil, Paraguay
Lewinia mirificus
Brown-banded Rail
EN -' C2b
Philippines
Lewinia muelleri
Auckland Islands Rail
VU '-' D2
New Zealand
Nesoclopeus woodfordi
Woodford's Rail
EN ^' C2a
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Porphyria mantelli
Takahe
EN -' Dl
New Zealand
Porzana atra
Henderson Crake
VU =' D2
Pitcaim Islands
Porzana spiloptera
Dot-winged Crake
VU -' A2c,Cl-H2a
Argentina, Umguay
36
Birds
Rallina canningi
Andaman Crake
VU -' CI
India
Rallus antarcticus
Austral Rail
CR " Dl
Argentina, Chile
Rallus semiplumbeus
Bogota Rail
EN -' B1+2C, C2a
Colombia, Ecuador?
Rallus wetmorei
Plain-flanked Rail
EN ^' A2c,C2a
Venezuela
Sarothrura ayresi
White-winged Flufftail
EN -' Bl+2abc-H3abc
Ethiopia (ex?). South Africa,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Sarothrura watersi
Slender-billed Hufftail
EN ^' Bl-f2c,C2b
Madagascar
Family HELIORNITHIDAE
Heliopais personata
Masked Finfoot
VU '' Cl+2a
Bangladesh, Cambodia?, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand?, Viet Nam. *
Cambodia?, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Family RHYNOCHETIDAE
Rhynochetos jubatus
Kagu
EN ^' C2a
New Caledonia
Family OXromAE
Ardeotis nigriceps
Great Indian Bustard
EN -' C2b
India, Pakistan *
Eupodotis bengalensis
Bengal Florican
EN " C2a
Bhutan?, Cambodia?, India, Nepal,
Viet Nam
Eupodotis indica
Lesser Florican
CR ^' Ala
India, Nepal. * Bangladesh?, Nepal,
Pakistan
Otis tarda
Great Bustard
VU -' A2c
Austria, China, Czech Republic,
Germany, Hungary, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,
Mongolia, Morocco, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Syria?, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. *
Afghanistan?, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
Iraq, Syria, Turkmenistan,
Yugoslavia
Order CHARADRIIFORMES
Family HAEMATOPODIDAE
Haematopus chathamensis
Chatham Islands Oystercatcher
EN -' Dl
New Zealand
Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Himantopus novaezelandiae
Black Stilt
CR =' Dl
New Zealand *
Family GLAREOLffiAE
Rhinoptilus bitorquatus
Jerdon's Courser
EN -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a
India
Family CHARADRIIDAE
Atiarhynchus frontalis
Wrybill
VU ^' C2a
New Zealand
Charadrius melodus
Piping Plover
VU -' C2a
Canada, USA. * Bahamas, Barbados,
Bermuda, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British),
Virgin Islands (US)
Charadrius montanus
Mountain Plover
VU -' Ale
Canada (ex), USA. * Mexico
Charadrius obscurus
New Zealand Dotterel
EN ^' C2a
New Zealand
Charadrius rubricollis
Hooded Plover
VU " C2a
Australia
Charadrius sanctaehelenae
St Helena Plover
EN -' Cl-h2b
St Helena
Charadrius thoracicus
Madagascar Plover
VU -' Bl+2e,C2b
Madagascar
Thinomis novaeseelandiae
Shore Plover
EN -' Dl
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Vanellus gregarius
Sociable Lapwing
VU -' Mac, Cl+2a
Kazakhstan, Russia. * Egypt, Eritrea,
Etliiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tajikistan,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Yemen
Family SCOLOPACroAE
Coenocorypha pusilla
Chatham Islands Snipe
VU =' D2
New Zealand
Eurynorhynchus pygmeus
Spoon-billed Sandpiper
VU '-' Cl+2b
Russia. * Bangladesh, China, Hong
Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia,
Myanmar, North Korea, Singapore,
South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Gallinago nemoricola
Wood Snipe
VU =' C2a
Bhutan, China, India, Nepal. *
Bangladesh, Laos, Myanmar,
Pakistan, Thailand, Viet Nam
Numenius borealis
Eskimo Curlew
CR =' Dl
Canada, USA?. * Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, French Guiana, Guyana,
Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay
Numenius tahitiensis
Bristle-thighed Curlew
VU -' C2b
USA. * American Samoa, Cook
Islands, Federated States of
Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia,
Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru,
New Zealand, Nine, Norfolk Island,
Northern Marianas, Pitcaim Islands,
Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, US Minor
Pacific Islands, USA (Hawaiian Is),
Western Samoa
37
Threatened Species
Numenius tenuirostris
Slender-billed Curlew
CR -' C2b
Russia. * Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Morocco, Romania, Tunisia,
Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Prosobonia cancellata
Tuamotu Sandpiper
EN ^' C2a
French Polynesia, Kiribati (ex)
Scolopax mira
Amami Woodcock
VU -' A2e, Bl+2ce,Cl
Japan
Scolopax rochussenii
Moluccan Woodcock
VU =' Dl+2
Indonesia
Tringa guttifer
Nordmann's Greenshank
EN =' CI
Russia. * Bangladesh, Cambodia?,
China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia,
Japan, Laos?, Malaysia, Myanmar,
North Korea, Philippines, Singapore,
South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Family LARTOAE
Chlidonias albostriatus
Black-fronted Tern
VU =' C2a
New 21ealand
Lams atlanticus
Olrog's Gull
VU -' A2cd, Cl+2b
Argentina. * Brazil, Uruguay
Larus fuliginosus
Lava CjuII
VU ^' Dl
Ecuador
Larus leucophthalmus
White-eyed Gull
VU -' CI
Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Saudi
Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen. *
Kenya (ex)
Larus saundersi
Saunders's Gull
EN ^' A2cde
China. * Hong Kong, Japan, North
Korea?, South Korea?, Taiwan,
Viet Nam
Rissa brevirostris
Red-legged Kittiwake
VU '-' Ala
Russia, USA
Sterna acuticauda
Black-bellied Tern
VU -' CI
Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Sterna bernsteini
Chinese Crested-tern
CR " Dl
China?. * Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Thailand
Sterna nereis
Fairy Tern
VU 2' C2a
Australia, New Caledonia, New
Zealand
Sterna virgata
Kerguelen Tern
VU " A2e,Cl
France, French Southern and
Antarctic Territories (Crozet Is,
Kerguelen Is), South Africa
Family RHYNCHOPmAE
Rynchops albicollis
Indian Skimmer
VU " Cl+2a
Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan
Family ALCIDAE
Synthliboramphus wumizusume
Japanese Murrelet
VU " c\
Japan. * North Korea, Russia, South
Korea
Order COLUMBIFORMES
Family COLUMBmAE
Ctaravis godefrida
Purple-winged Ground-dove
CR -' C2b
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Columba argentina
Silvery Wood-pigeon
VU -' Cl+2a
Indonesia, Malaysia
Columba bollii
Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon
VU ■' C2a
Spain (Canary Is)
Columba caribaea
Ring-tailed Pigeon
CR -' A2cd
Jamaica
Columba eversmanni
Pale-backed Pigeon
VU '-' Ala
Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. * India,
Pakistan
Columba inornata
Plain Pigeon
EN -' C2a
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Columba junoniae
White-tailed Laurel Pigeon
VU 2' C2a
Spain (Canary Is)
Columba mayeri
Pink Pigeon
CR ■' Dl
Mauritius
Columba oenops
Peruvian Pigeon
VU -' Bl+2bc,C2a
Peru
Columba oliviae
Somali Pigeon
VU =' C2a
Somalia
Columba pallidiceps
Yellow-legged Pigeon
CR -' C2a
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
(ex?)
Columba punicea
Pale-capped Pigeon
VU '-' Cl+2a
Bangladesh, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Columba thomensis
Maroon Pigeon
VU -' Dl
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Columba torringtoni
Sri Lanka Wood-pigeon
VU -' Bl-H2c,Cl+2a
Sri Lanka
Columbina cyanopis
Blue-eyed Ground-dove
CR 2' C2a
Brazil
Didunculus strigirostris
Tooth-billed Pigeon
VU -' CI
Western Samoa
Drepanoptila holosericea
Cloven-feathered Dove
VU ^' C2b
New Caledonia
38
Birds
Ducula aurorae
Polynesian Imperial-pigeon
VU ^' Dl+2
French Polynesia
Ducula bakeri
Vanuatu Imperial-pigeon
VU " C2a
Vanuatu
Ducula brenchleyi
Chestnut-bellied Imperial-pigeon
EN '-' A2c
Solomon Islands
Ducula carola
Spotted Imperial-pigeon
VU 2' A2cd,Cl+2a
Philippines
Ducula cineracea
Timor Imperial-pigeon
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Ducula galeata
Marquesan Imperial-pigeon
CR =' Bl+2e,C2b
French Polynesia
Ducula goliath
New Caledonian Imperial-pigeon
VU " C2b
New Caledonia
Ducula mindorensis
Mindoro Imperial-pigeon
EN ^' Bl+2c, C2a
Philippines
Ducula pickeringii
Grey Imperial-pigeon
VU -' Bl+2cde, Cl+2a
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Ducula whartoni
Christmas Island Imperial-pigeon
VU =' D2
Christmas Island
Gallicolumba criniger
Mindanao Bleeding-heart
VU '-' C2a
Philippines
Gallicolumba erythroptera
Polynesian Ground-dove
CR -' C2a
French Polynesia
Gallicolumba hoedtii
Wetar Ground-dove
VU =' Cl+2a
Indonesia
Gallicolumba keayi
Negros Bleeding-heart
CR -' Bl-H2ce,C2a
Philippines
Gallicolumba kubaryi
Caroline Islands Ground-dove
EN -' Bl+2e, C2a
Federated States of Micronesia
Gallicolumba menagei
Sulu Bleeding-heart
CR ■' Bl+2ce,C2b
Philippines
Gallicolumba platenae
Mindoro Bleeding-heart
CR '' Bl+2c,C2a
Philippines
Gallicolumba rubescens
Marquesan Ground-dove
EN ^' Dl
French Polynesia
Gallicolumba salamonis
Thick-billed Ground-dove
CR -' C2a, Dl
Solomon Islands
Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis
Santa Cruz Ground-dove
VU -' A2c,Cl
Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Geotrygon carrikeri
Veracruz Quail-dove
EN " A2c,Cl+2a
Mexico
Goura cristata
Western Crowned-pigeon
VU ■' Alacd+2cd,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Goura scheepmakeri
Southern Crowned-pigeon
VU ^' Alacd+2cd
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Goura victoria
Victoria Crowned-pigeon
VU -' Alacd+2cd,Cl+2a
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Leptotila conoveri
Tolima Dove
EN '• C2a
Colombia
Leptotila ochraceiventris
Ochre-bellied Dove
VU -' A 1 C-I-2C, B 1 +2cd, C 1 +2a
Ecuador, Peru
Leptotila wellsi
Grenada Dove
CR -' A2ce, Bl+2ce,Cl+2b
Grenada
Phapitreron cinereiceps
Dark-eared Brown-dove
VU " A2cd,Cl
Philippines
Ptilinopus arcanus
Negros Fruit-dove
CR -' Bl+2ce,C2b, Dl
Philippines
Ptilinopus chalcurus
Makatea Fruit-dove
VU -' Dl+2
French Polynesia
Ptilinopus dohertyi
Red-naped Fruit-dove
VU =' Bl+2c,Cl
Indonesia
Ptilinopus granulifrons
Carunculated Fruit-dove
VU ■' A2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2b
Indonesia
Ptilinopus huttoni
Rapa Fruit-dove
VU ^' Dl+2
French Polynesia
Ptilinopus insularis
Henderson Fruit-dove
VU ^' D2
Pitcaim Islands
Ptilinopus marchei
Flame-breasted Fruit-dove
VU -' A2cd, Bl+2ce,Cl+2a
Philippines
Starnoenas cyanocephala
Blue-headed Quail-dove
EN '' C2a
Cuba
Treron psittacea
Timor Green-pigeon
VU ^' Alc,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Turacoena modesta
Black Cuckoo-dove
VU =' Alc,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Order PSITTACIFORMES
Family PSlTTACmAE
Agapomis nigrigenis
Black-cheeked Lovebird
EN =' C2b
Botswana, Namibia?, Zambia,
Zimbabwe (ex?)
Amazona agilis
Black-billed Amazon
VU ^' C2a
Jamaica
Amazona arausiaca
Red-necked Amazon
VU ^' Dl+2
Dominica
39
Threatened Species
Amazona barbadensis
Yellow-shouldered Amazon
VU '-' C2a
Aruba (ex?), Netherlands Antilles,
Venezuela
Amazona brasiliensis
Red-tailed Amazon
EN -' A2cd
Brazil
Amazona guildingii
St Vincent Amazon
VU =' Dl+2
St Vincent
Amazona imperialis
Imperial Amazon
VU -' Dl+2
Dominica
Amazona oratrix
Yellow-headed Amazon
EN -' Alacd
Belize, Guatemala?, Mexico, Puerto
Rico [int]
Amazona pretrei
Red-spectacled Amazon
EN =' A2cd, CI
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay?,
Uruguay
Amazona rhodocorytha
Red-browed Amazon
EN '-' C2a
Brazil
Amazona versicolor
St Lucia Amazon
VU =' D1-H2
St Lucia
Amazona vinacea
Vinaceous Amazon
EN -' Alacd
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Amazona viridigenalis
Green-cheeked Amazon
EN ■' Alacd
Mexico, Puerto Rico [int], USA [int]
Amazona vittata
Puerto Rican Amazon
CR -' Dl
Puerto Rico
Amazona xanthops
Yellow-faced Amazon
VU -' Ale
Bolivia, Brazil
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
Hyacinth Macaw
VU -' Alcd-i-2cd
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Anodorhynchus leari
Lear's Macaw
CR -' Dl
Brazil
Ara glaucogularis
Blue-throated Macaw
EN -' C2b
Argentina?, Bolivia, Paraguay?
Ara maracana
Blue-winged Macaw
VU -' Alac,Cl+2a
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Ara milUaris
Military Macaw
VU -' Alc,C2a
Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Venezuela
Ara rubrogenys
Red-fronted Macaw
EN -' C2a
Bolivia
Aratinga auricapitla
Golden-capped Parakeet
VU ^' Alac, Cl-l-2a
Brazil
Aratinga brevipes
Socorro Parakeet
VU -' Dl
Mexico
Aratinga chloroptera
Hispaniolan Parakeet
VU ^' C2a
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto
Rico (ex)
Aratinga euops
Cuban Parakeet
VU -' Alcd, B1-H2C, Cl+2a
Cuba
Aratinga guarouba
Golden Parakeet
EN -' C2b
Brazil
Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons
Rufous-fronted Parakeet
EN -' C2a
Colombia
Cacatua alba
White Cockatoo
VU ^' A2cd
Indonesia
Cacattia haematiiropygia
Philippine Cockatoo
CR -' Alcd
Philippines
Cacatua moluccensis
Salmon-crested Cockatoo
VU -' Alcd+2cd,Bl-h2ce
Indonesia, Singapore [int]
Cacatiia sulphurea
Yellow-crested Cockatoo
EN -' Alcd-H2cd
Hong Kong [int], Indonesia,
Singapore
Calyptorhynchus baudinii
White-tailed Black-cockatoo
VU ^' C2a
Australia
Calyptorhynchus lathami
Glossy Black-cockatoo
VU =' C2a
Australia
Calyptorhynchus latirostris
Slender-billed Black-cockatoo
VU =' C2a
Australia
Charmosyna amabilis
Red-throated Lorikeet
VU =' C2a, Dl
Fiji
Charmosyna diadema
New Caledonian Lorikeet
EN " Dl
New Caledonia (ex?)
Charmosyna toxopei
Blue-fronted Lorikeet
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2b,Dl
Indonesia
Cyanopsitta spixii
Spix's Macaw
CR -' Dl
Brazil
Cyanoramphus cookii
Norfolk Island Parakeet
CR -' Dl
Norfolk Island
Cyanoramphus unicolor
Antipodes Parakeet
VU ^' D2
New Zealand
Eos cyanogenia
Black- winged Lory
VU -' Alcd, B1-H2C, CI
Indonesia
Eos histrio
Red-and-blue Lory
EN =' Alcd+2cd, Bl-H2cde,Cl
Indonesia
Eunymphicus cornutus
Homed Parakeet
VU " CI
New Caledonia
Forpus xanthops
Yellow-faced Parrotlet
VU " Alad, Bl-H2ce,Cl+2a
Peru
40
Birds
t
Geopsittacus occidentalis
Night Parrot
CR 2' C2a
Australia
Hapalopsittaca amazonina
Rusty-faced Parrot
EN -' CI
Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
Hapalopsittaca fuertesi
Fuertes's Parrot
CR =' Dl
Colombia
Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops
Red-faced Parrot
EN -' A2c,Cl-h2a
Ecuador, Peru
Lathamus discolor
Swift Parrot
VU -' Bl+2c, C2b
Australia
Leptosittaca branickii
Golden-plumed Parakeet
VU -' Alc+2c, Cl+2a
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Loriculus catamene
Sangihe Hanging-parrot
EN -' Bl+2c,Cl+2b
Indonesia
Loriculus flosculus
Wallace's Hanging-parrot
VU ^' Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Lorius domicella
Purple-naped Lory
VU -' Bl+2e, CI
Indonesia
Lorius garrulus
Chattering Lory
VU 2' A2cd
Indonesia
Neophema chrysogaster
Orange-bellied Parrot
EN " Dl
Australia *
Neophema splendida
Scarlet-chested Parrot
VU -' B2c-H3d
Australia
Nestor meridionalis
New Zealand Kaka
VU -' C2a
New Zealand
Ognorhynchus icterotis
Yellow-eared Parrot
CR -' C2a
Colombia, Ecuador
Polytelis alexandrae
Alexandra's Parrot
VU -' B2c+3d, C2a
Australia
Polytelis swainsonii
Superb Parrot
VU -' C2b
Australia
Prioniturus luconensis
Green Racquet-tail
EN -' Alcd,C2a
Philippines
Prioniturus montanus
Luzon Racquet-tail
VU -' A2cd, Cl+2a
Philippines
Prioniturus platenae
Blue-headed Racquet-tail
VU =' Cl+2a
Phihppines
Prioniturus verticalis
Blue-winged Racquet-tail
EN '-' C2a
Philippines
Prioniturus waterstradti
Mindanao Racquet-tail
VU -' C2a
Philippines
Psephotus chrysopterygius
Golden-shouldered Parrot
EN -' C2b
Australia
Psittacula echo
Mauritius Parakeet
CR -' Dl
Mauritius
Psittacula intermedia
Intermediate Parakeet
VU =' Dl
India?
Psittaculirostris salvadorii
Salvadori's Fig-parrot
VU '-' A2cd
Indonesia
Psitteuteles iris
Iris Lorikeet
VU -' Cl-f2a
Indonesia
Psittrichas fulgidus
Pesquet's Parrot
VU -' Ald+2cd
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Pyrrhura albipectus
White-necked Parakeet
VU -' C2a
Ecuador
Pyrrhura calliptera
Flame-winged Parakeet
VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a
Colombia
Pyrrhura cruentata
Blue-chested Parakeet
VU -' Ale, Bl-l-2c,C2a
Brazil
Pyrrhura orcesi
El Oro Parakeet
VU -' Bl+2c, C2a
Ecuador
Pyrrhura viridicata
Santa Marta Parakeet
VU =' Cl+2b
Colombia
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha
Thick-billed Parrot
EN -' A2c, Cl-H2a
Mexico, USA [int]
Rhynchopsitta terrisi
Maroon-fronted Parrot
VU -' B1-I-2C, C2a
Mexico
Tanygnathus gramineus
Black-lored Parrot
VU =' D2
Indonesia
Tanygnathus lucionensis
Blue-naped Parrot
EN =' Alcd
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Touit melanonota
Brown-backed Parrotlet
EN '■' C2a
Brazil
Touit stictoptera
Spot-winged Parrotlet
VU -' C2a
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Touit surda
Golden-tailed Parrotlet
EN -' C2a
Brazil
Trichoglossus johnstoniae
Mindanao Lorikeet
VU -' Cl-h2a
Philippines
Triclaria malachitacea
Blue-bellied Parrot
EN -' C2a
Argentina, Brazil
Vini kuhlii
Kuhl's Lorikeet
EN -' BlH-2e,C2a
French Polynesia, Kiribati [int]
Vini peruviana
Blue Lorikeet
VU -' Bl+2d,C2a
Cook Islands, French Polynesia
41
Threatened Species
Vini stepheni
Henderson Lorikeet
VU •' D2
Pitcaim Islands
Vini ultramarina
Ultramarine Lorikeet
EN -' Bl+2bd
French Polynesia
Order CUCULIFORMES
Family MUSOPHAGIDAE
Tauraco bannermani
Bannerman's Turaco
VU ^' Ale, Bl+2b, C2b
Cameroon
Tauraco nispolii
Prince Ruspoli's Turaco
EN 2' C2a
Ethiopia
Family CUCULIDAE
Carpococcyx radiceus
Sunda Ground-cuckoo
VU -' C2a
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Centropus chlororhynchus
Green-billed Coucal
EN -' B1-I-2C
Sri Lanka
Centropus nigrorufus
Sunda Coucal
VU -' Alc,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Centropus steerii
Black-hooded Coucal
OR -' Alc,CI+2a,Dl
Philippines
Coccyzus ferrugineus
Cocos Cuckoo
VU '' D2
Costa Rica
Hyetornis rufigularis
Rufous-breasted Cuckoo
VU -' Alacd, Cl-H2a
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Neomorphus radiolosus
Banded Ground-cuckoo
EN '' C2a
Colombia, Ecuador
Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus
Red-faced Malkoha
VU -' Alc,Cl+2a
Sri Lanka
Order STRIGIFORMES
Family TYTONIDAE
Phodilus prigoginei
Congo Bay-owl
VU -' Bl-H2ac,C2a
Burundi?, Zaire
Tyto aurantiu
Bismarck Masked-owl
VU -' C2b
Papua New Guinea
Tyto manusi
Manus Masked-owl
VU '-' Dl
Papua New Guinea
Tyto nigrobrunnea
Taliabu Masked-owl
VU =' C2b, Dl
Indonesia
Tyto soumagnei
Madagascar Red Owl
EN " C2a
Madagascar (ex?)
Family STRIGIDAE
Athene blewitti
Forest Owlet
CR ^' Dl
India (ex?)
Bubo philippensis
Philippine Eagle-owl
EN -' C2a.
Philippines
Bubo vosseleri
Usambara Eagle-owl
VU -' Bl+2ac,C2b
Tanzania
Glaucidium albertinum
Albertine Owlet
VU -' Bl+2acd
Rwanda, Zaire
Ketupa blakistoni
Blakiston's Fish-owl
EN -' Cl+2a
China, Japan, Russia
Mimizuku gurneyi
Lesser Eagle-owl
EN " C2a
Philippines
Nesasio solomonensis
Fearful Owl
VU -' C2a
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Ninox rudolfi
Sumba Boobook
VU -' B1-H2C, CI
Indonesia
Ninox strenua
Powerful Owl
VU =' C2b
Australia
Otus angelinae
Javan Scops-owl
VU -' Dl+2
Indonesia
Otus capnodes
Anjouan Scops-owl
CR '-' C2a
Comoros
Otus fuliginosus
Palawan Scops-owl
VU =' Alc+2c, Cl-h2a
Philippines
Otus insularis
Seychelles Scops-owl
CR -' C2b
Seychelles
Otus ireneae
Sokoke Scops-owl
VU =' D2
Kenya, Tanzania?
Otus longicornis
Luzon Scops-owl
VU =' C2a
Philippines
Otus mindorensis
Mindoro Scops-owl
VU -' Ale, B1-I-2C, Cl-H2a
Philippines
Otus minis
Mindanao Scops-owl
VU =' B1-I-2C, Cl-H2a
Philippines
Otus pauliani
Grand Comoro Scops-owl
CR -' Bl-H2abc, C2b
Comoros
Otus sagittatus
White-fronted Scops-owl
VU ^' A1C-I-2C, Cl-^2a
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Thailand
Scotopelia ussheri
Rufous Fishing-owl
EN -' C2a
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Strix davidi
Sichuan Wood-owl
VU '-' Cl-H2a
China
42
Birds
Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Family AEGOTHELIDAE
Aegotheles savesi
New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar
EN -' Dl
New Caledonia
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE
Caprimulgus candicans
White-winged Nightjar
CR ^' C2b
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay?
Caprimulgus centralasicus
Vaurie's Nightjar
VU ^' Dl
China
Caprimulgus noctitherus
Puerto Rican Nightjar
CR -' Bl+2c
Puerto Rico
Caprimulgus prigoginei
Itombwe Nightjar
VU -' BI+2ac
Zaire
Eurostopodus diabolicus
Satanic Eared-nightjar
VU ^' Dl
Indonesia
Siphonorhis americanus
Jamaican Pauraque
CR ^' Dl
Jamaica
Order APODIFORMES
Family APODmAE
Apus acuticauda
Dark-rumped Swift
VU 2' D2
India
Collocalia elaphra
Seychelles Swiftlet
VU =' Dl
Seychelles
Collocalia leucophaeus
Tahiti Swiftlet
VU =' Dl
French Polynesia
Collocalia sawtelli
Atiu Swiftlet
VU 2' Dl+2
Cook Islands
Collocalia vulcanorum
Volcano Swiftlet
VU '-' Dl+2
Indonesia
Collocalia whiteheadi
Whitehead's Swiftlet
VU -' BI+2c,C2a
Philippines
Cypseloides lemosi
White-chested Swift
VU =' C2b
Colombia, Ecuador?
Schoutedenapus schoutedeni
Schouteden's Swift
VU =' Bl+2ac,C2b
Zaire
Family TROCHILmAE
Acestrura berlepschi
Esmeraldas Woodstar
EN -' C2b
Ecuador
Acestrura bombus
Little Woodstar
EN -' C2b
Ecuador, Peru
Aglaeactis aliciae
Purple-backed Sunbeam
VU '-' D2
Peru
Amazilia boucardi
Mangrove Hummingbird
VU ^' Bl+2c,C2b
Costa Rica
Amazilia castaneiventris
Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird
EN '' Ale
Colombia
Amazilia distans
Tachira Emerald
EN '-' A2c
Venezuela
Amazilia luciae
Honduran Emerald
CR -' A2c
Honduras
Campylopterus ensipennis
White-tailed Sabrewing
VU -' A2c
Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Coeligena prunellei
Black Inca
VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a
Colombia
Eriocnemis godini
Turquoise-throated Puffleg
CR ^' Bl+2c,C2b, Dl
Colombia, Ecuador
Eriocnemis mirabilis
Colourful Puffleg
VU -' Dl+2
Colombia
Eriocnemis nigrivestis
Black-breasted Puffleg
CR -' A2c, Bl+2c
Ecuador
Eulidia yarrellii
Chilean Woodstar
VU ^' BI+2c,C2b
Chile, Peru
Eupherusa cyanophrys
Oaxaca Hummingbird
EN ■' A2c, Bl+2c
Mexico
Eupherusa poliocerca
White-tailed Hummingbird
EN -' A2c
Mexico
Heliangelus regalis
Royal Sunangel
VU '' A2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Peru
Heliangelus zusii
Bogota Sunangel
CR -' Dl
Colombia
Hylonympha macrocerca
Scissor-tailed Hummingbird
CR -' BI+2c
Venezuela
Lepidopyga lilliae
Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird
CR -' C2b, Dl
Colombia
Loddigesia mirabilis
Marvellous Spatuletail
VU -' Bl+2c,C2b
Peru
Lophomis brachylopha
Short-crested Coquette
EN ^' A2c, B1+2C
Mexico
Metallura baroni
Violet-throated Metaltail
VU -' Bl+2c,C2a
Ecuador
Ramphodon dohrnii
Hook-billed Hermit
CR -' C2a
Brazil
Selasphorus ardens
Glow-throated Hummingbird
VU ^' Dl+2
Panama
Sephanoides fernandensis
Juan Fernandez Firecrown
CR -' Bl+2c
Chile (Juan Fernandez Is)
43
Threatened Species
Taphrolesbia griseiventris
Grey-bellied Comet
VU -' Dl+2
Peru
Thalurania ridgwayi
Mexican Woodnymph
VU ^' B1+2C
Mexico
Order TROGONIFORMES
Family TROGO^aDAE
Euptilotis neoxenus
Eared Quetzal
EN -' C2b
Mexico, USA
Harpactes wardi
Ward's Trogon
VU '■ Cl+2a
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar,
Viet Nam
Order CORACIIFORMES
Family ALCEDINIDAE
Actenoides bougainvillei
Moustached Kingfisher
VU -' C2a
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Actenoides hombroni
Blue-capped Kingfisher
VU =' A2c, Bl-H2c,Cl+2a
Philippines
Alcedo argentata
Silvery Kingfisher
EN 2' C2a
Philippines
Alcedo hercules
Blyth's Kingfisher
VU ^' Alc+2c,Cl-F2a
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Nepal?, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Ceyx melanurus
Philippine Kingfisher
VU -' Alc-i-2c,Cl-H2a
Philippines
Todirhamphus farquhari
Chestnut-bellied Kingfisher
VU -' A2c,Cl+2a
Vanuatu
Todirhamphus gambieri
Tuamotu Kingfisher
VU =' Dl+2
French Polynesia
Todirhamphus godeffroyi
Marquesan Kingfisher
EN =' Bl-i-2e
French Polynesia
Todirhamphus lazuli
Lazuli Kingfisher
VU -' BI+2c,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Todirhamphus ruficollaris
Mangaia Kingfisher
VU ^' Dl-i-2
Cook Islands
Todirhamphus winchelli
Rufous-lored Kingfisher
EN =' Alc+2c
Philippines
Family CORACIIDAE
Atelornis crossleyi
Rufous-headed Ground-roller
VU '-' C2a
Madagascar
Brachypteracias leptosomus
Short-legged Ground-roller
VU -' A2c, Cl-i-2a
Madagascar
Brachypteracias squamigera
Scaly Ground-roller
VU -' A2c,Cl+2a
Madagascar
Vratelomis chimaera
Long-tailed Ground-roller
VU -' Bl+2ce,C2b
Madagascar
Family BUCEROTIDAE
Aceros corrugatus
Wrinkled Hombill
VU -' Alc+2c,Cl-i-2a
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand
Aceros everetti
Sumba Hombill
VU -' Bl-i-2c,Cl
Indonesia
Aceros leucocephalus
Writhed Hombill
EN -' Alcd
Philippines
Aceros narcondami
Narcondam Hombill
VU ^' Dl-h2
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Aceros nipalensis
Rufous-necked Hombill
VU " Alcd, Cl-H2a
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Nepal (ex?),
Thailand, Viet Nam
Aceros subruficollis
Plain-pouched Hombill
VU -' Cl-H2a
India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand
Aceros waldeni
Writhed-billed Hombill
CR -' A1c-h2c, Bl-H2ce,Cl
Philippines
Anthracoceros montani
Sulu Hombill
CR -' Alcd, CI
Philippines
Penelopides mindorensis
Mindoro Hombill
EN '' Alc,Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Philippines
Penelopides panini
Visayan Hombill
CR -' Alcd-^2cd, Bl-H2ce,Cl-(-2a
Philippines
Order PICIFGRMES
Family GALBULTOAE
Galbula pastazae
Coppery-chested Jacamar
VU " C2a
Brazil?, Colombia, Ecuador
Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
Three-toed Jacamar
EN -' C2a
Brazil
Family CAPITONIDAE
Capito hypoleucus
White-mantled Barbet
EN '-' Cla.
Colombia
Capito quinticolor
Five-coloured Barbet
VU -' Alc-i-2c,Cl-H2a
Colombia
Pogoniulus makawai
White-chested Tinkerbird
VU ^' Dl
Zambia
Family INDICATORroAE
Melignomon eisentrauti
Yellow-footed Honeyguide
VU -' A2c
Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire?, Ghana,
Guinea?, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Family PICffiAE
Campephilus imperialis
Imperial Woodpecker
CR =' Dl
Mexico
Colaptes fernandinae
Cuban Flicker
EN -' Cla
Cuba
44
Birds
k
Dryocopus galeatus
Helmeted Woodpecker
EN -' C2a
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Picoides borealis
Red-cockaded Woodpecker
VU =' Alc+2c, Bl+2bcd, CI+2a
USA
Picumnus fulvescens
Tawny Piculet
VU '-' B1+2C
Brazil
Picumnus limae
Ochraceous Piculet
VU ^' Bl+2c
Brazil
Picus rabieri
Red-collared Woodpecker
VU '-' Ale
China, Laos, Viet Nam
Sapheopipo noguchii
Okinawa Woodpecker
CR -' Bl+2c, C2b
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Order PASSERIFORMES
Family EURVLAIMIDAE
Eurylaimus steerii
Wattled Broadbill
VU -' Alc+2c,CI+2a
Philippines
Pseudocalyptomena graueri
African Green Broadbill
VU -' Bl+2ac
Uganda, Zaire
Family DENDRGCOLAPTTOAE
Xiphocolaptes falcirostris
Moustached Woodcreeper
VU =' Bl+2c,C2a
Brazil
Family FURNARIIDAE
Aphrastura masafuerae
Mas Afuera Rayadito
VU '-' Dl+2
Chile (Juan Fernandez Is)
Asthenes anthoides
Austral Canastero
VU =■ C2a
Argentina, Chile
Asthenes berlepschi
Berlepsch's Canastero
VU ^' Dl+2
Bolivia
Asthenes hetenira
Maquis Canastero
VU -' Alc,Cl+2a
Bolivia
Asthenes huancavelicae
Pale-tailed Canastero
VU '-' CI
Peru
Asthenes luizae
Cipo Canastero
EN -' Cl+2b
Brazil
Asthenes steinbachi
Chestnut Canastero
VU -' Alc,C2a
Argentina
Cinclodes aricomae
Royal Cinclodes
CR -' C2a
Bolivia, Peru
Cinclodes palliatus
White-bellied Cinclodes
VU =' Dl
Peru
Hylocryptus erythrocephalus
Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner
VU -' Alc+2c, Cl+2a
Ecuador, Peru
Leptasthenura xenothorax
White-browed Tit-spinetail
CR -' C2a
Peru
Megaxenops pamaguae
Great Xenops
VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a
Brazil
Philydor novaesi
Alagoas Foliage-gleaner
CR =' Bl+2c
Brazil
Premnoplex tatei
White-throated Barbtail
EN -' Bl+2c,C2a
Venezuela
Simoxenops striatus
Bolivian Recurvebill
VU -' A2c,Bl-H2bc, Cl+2a
Bolivia
Synallaxis courseni
Apuri'mac Spinetail
VU " Dl+2
Peru
Synallaxis hellmayri
Red-shouldered Spinetail
VU =' C2a
Brazil
Synallaxis infuscata
Plain Spinetail
EN =' Bl+2c,Cl
Brazil
Synallaxis kollari
Hoary-throated Spinetail
VU " D2
Brazil, Guyana
Synallaxis tithys
Blackish-headed Spinetail
VU -' A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, C 1 +2a
Ecuador, Peru
Synallaxis zimmeri
Russet-bellied Spinetail
EN -' Bl+2c, C2b
Peru
Syndactyla ruflcollis
Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner
VU ■' Alc+2c, Cl+2a
Ecuador, Peru
Thripophaga cherriei
Orinoco Softtail
VU =' D2
Venezuela
Thripophaga macroura
Striated Softtail
VU =' Cl+2a
Brazil
Family FORMICARiroAE
Biatas nigropectus
White-bearded Antshrike
VU =' C2a
Argentina, Brazil
Cercomacra carbonaria
Rio Branco Antbird
VU -' D2
Brazil, Guyana
Clytoctantes alixii
Recurve-billed Bushbird
EN " Cl+2a
Colombia, Venezuela
Dysithamnus occidentalis
Bicoloured Antvireo
VU =' Cl+2a
Colombia, Ecuador
Dysithamnus plumbeus
Plumbeous Antvireo
VU =' A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, C 1 +2a
Brazil
Formicarius rufifrons
Rufous-fronted Antthrush
VU -' A2c,Cl+2b
Peru
Formicivora erythronotos
Black-hooded Antwren
CR -' A2c,Cl+2a, DI
Brazil
45
Threatened Species
Formicivora iheringi
Narrow-billed Antwren
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Brazil
Formicivora littoralis
Restinga Antwren
EN =' A2c, Bl+2bc,Cl+2a
Brazil
Grallaria alleni
Moustached Antpitta
EN -' Bl+2c,C2a
Colombia
Grallaria chthonia
Tachira Antpitta
VU -' Dl+2
Venezuela
Grallaria gigantea
Giant Antpitta
VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a
Colombia, Ecuador
Grallaria kaestneri
Cundinamarca Antpitta
VU =' D2
Colombia
Grallaria milleri
Brown-banded Antpitta
EN -' B1+2C
Colombia
Grallaria rufocinerea
Bicoloured Antpitta
EN =' C2a
Colombia
Grallaricula cucullata
Hooded Antpitta
VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a
Colombia, Venezuela
Herpsilochmus parkeri
Ash-throated Antwren
VU =' D2
Peru
Herpsilochmus pectoralis
Pectoral Antwren
VU -' A2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Brazil
Myrmeciza griseiceps
Grey-headed Antbird
EN -' A2c
Ecuador, Peru
Myrmeciza ruficauda
Scalloped Antbird
VU -' Alc+2c, Bl-H2c,Cl+2a
Brazil
Myrmoborus melanurus
Black-tailed Antbird
VU 2' C2b
Peru
Myrmotherula fluminertsis
Rio de Janeiro Antwren
VU -' A1C-I-2C, B1-H2C, Cl+2a
Brazil
Myrmotherula grisea
Ashy Antwren
VU -' Alc-l-2c,Cl+2a
Bolivia
Myrmotherula minor
Salvadori's Antwren
VU -' Bl+2c,C2a
Brazil
Myrmotherula snowi
Alagoas Antwren
CR -' B1-H2C
Brazil
Myrmotherula unicolor
Unicoloured Antwren
VU =' Bl+2c, C2a
Brazil
Myrmotherula urosticta
Band-tailed Antwren
VU -' Bl+2c,C2a
Brazil
Pyriglena atra
Fringe-backed Fire-eye
EN -' A1c-h2c, Bl+2c,Cl-^2b
Brazil
Rhopornis ardesiaca
Slender Antbird
EN -' A2c, Bl-h2c
Brazil
Terenura sharpei
Yellow-rumped Antwren
VU -' Alc+2c,Cl+2a
Bolivia, Peru
Terenura sicki
Orange-bellied Antwren
VU -' Alc-H2c,Bl+2c,Cl-f2a
Brazil
Xenornis setifrons
Speckled Antshrike
VU =' C2a
Colombia, Panama
Family RHINOCRYPTIDAE
Merulaxis stresemanni
Stresemann's Bristlefront
CR -' C2a
Brazil
Scytalopus novacapitalis
Brasilia Tapaculo
VU -' Alc+2c
Brazil
Scytalopus psychopompus
Bahia Tapaculo
EN -' Bl+2c,Cl-i-2a
Brazil
Family COTINGroAE
Calyptura cristata
Kinglet Calyptura
CR -' C2a, Dl
Brazil
Carpodectes antoniae
Yellow-billed Cotinga
VU =' Alc-H2c,Cl+2a
Costa Rica, Panama
Carpomis melanocephalus
Black-headed Berryeater
VU '-' Cl+2a
Brazil
Cephalopterus glabricollis
Bare-necked Umbrellabird
VU -' Alc+2c,Cl-H2a
Costa Rica, Panama
Cephalopterus penduliger
Long-wattled Umbrellabird
VU =' C2a
Colombia, Ecuador
Cotinga maculata
Banded Cotinga
EN 2' Bl+2c,Cl
Brazil
Cotinga ridgwayi
Turquoise Cotinga
VU " C2b
Costa Rica, Panama
Doliornis remseni
Chestnut-bellied Cotinga
VU =' A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, C 1 +2a
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
lodopleura pipra
Buff-throated Purpletuft
VU =' Alc+2c,Cl+2a
Brazil
Laniisoma elegans
Shrike-like Cotinga
VU -' A1C-I-2C, Cl-i-2a
Brazil
Lipaugus lanioides
Cinnamon-vented Piha
VU -' A1C-I-2C, Cl+2a
Brazil
Procnias tricarunculata
Three-wattled Bellbird
VU -' A1c-h2c
Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
Tijuca condita
Grey-winged Cotinga
VU -' Dl+2
Brazil
Xipholena atropurpurea
White-winged Cotinga
VU =' Alc+2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Brazil
46
Birds
Zaratornis stresemanni
White-cheeked Cotinga
VU ■' B1+2C, C2a
Peru
Family PIPRIDAE
Pipra vilasboasi
Golden-crowned Manakin
VU " C2b
Brazil
Piprites pileatus
Black-capped Manakin
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Argentina, Brazil
Family TYRANNIDAE
Agriornis andicola
White-tailed Shrike-tyrant
VU ^' Ala, C2a
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador,
Peru
Alectrurus risora
Strange-tailed Tyrant
VU '' AIac+2c, Cl-H2a
Argentina, Brazil (ex?), Paraguay,
Uruguay (ex?)
Anairetes alpinus
Ash-breasted Tit-tyrant
EN -' Bl+2c,C2a
Bolivia, Peru
Attila torridus
Ochraceous Attila
VU -' A1c-h2c, Bl-f2c,Cl+2a
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Euscarthmus rufomarginatus
Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant
VU ^' Alc+2c
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Suriname
Hemitriccus furcatus
Fork-tailed Pygmy-tyrant
VU ^' C2a
Brazil
Hemitriccus kaempferi
Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant
EN ^' CI
Brazil
Hemitriccus mirandae
Buff-breasted Tody-tyrant
VU ^' Alc+2c, B1-h2c,C1
Brazil
Heteroxolmis dominicana
Black-and-white Monjita
VU -' Alc+2c
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Lathrotriccus griseipectus
Grey-breasted Flycatcher
VU -' Alc-h2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Ecuador, Peru
Myiotheretes pemix
Santa Marta Bush-tyrant
VU =' C2b
Colombia
Nesotriccus ridgwayi
Cocos Flycatcher
VU -' D2
Costa Rica
Onychorhynchus occidentalis
Pacific Royal Flycatcher
VU '-' C2a
Ecuador, Peru
Onychorhynchus swainsoni
Atlantic Royal Flycatcher
EN =' C2a
Brazil
Phylloscartes ceciliae
Alagoas Tyrannulet
EN -' Bl-t-2c,Cl
Brazil
Phylloscartes kronei
Restinga Tyrannulet
VU ■' A1c-h2c, Cl-H2a
Brazil
Phylloscartes lanyoni
Antioquia Bristle-tyrant
EN '' Alc+2c
Colombia
Phylloscartes paulistus
Sao Paulo Tyrannulet
VU ^' Alc-i-2c,Cl+2a
Argentina?, Brazil, Paraguay
Phylloscartes roquettei
Minas Gerais Tyrannulet
EN -' Bl+2c
Brazil
Platyrinchus leucoryphus
Russet-winged Spadebill
VU ■' A1c-h2c, Bl-H2c,CU2a
Argentina?, Brazil, Paraguay
Pseudocolopteryx dinellianus
Dinelli's Doradito
VU ^' Cl-i-2a
Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay
Tyrannus cubensis
Giant Kingbird
EN ^' C2a
Bahamas (ex), Cuba, Turks and
Caicos Islands
Family PHYTOTOMIDAE
Phytotoma raimondii
Peruvian Plantcutter
CR ^' A2c
Peru
Family PITTIDAE
Pitta anerythra
Black-faced Pitta
VU '-' C2a
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Pitta gumeyi
Gumey's Pitta
CR -' Ale, Bl+2c,Cl
Myanmar (ex?), Thailand
Pitta kochi
Whiskered Pitta
VU -' Bl-H2ce,Cl-i-2a
Philippines
Pitta nympha
Fairy Pitta
VU ^' Cl-h2a
China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan.
* Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Viet Nam
Pitta schneideri
Schneider's Pitta
VU =' Cl-H2a
Indonesia
Pitta steerii
Azure-breasted Pitta
VU ^' Alc-H2c,Cl+2a
Philippines
Pitta superba
Superb Pitta
VU -' Dl
Papua New Guinea
Family PHILEPITTIDAE
Neodrepanis hypoxanthus
Yellow-bellied Asity
EN =' C2a
Madagascar
Family ATRICHORNITHmAE
Atrichomis clamosus
Noisy Scrub-bird
VU =' D1-H2
Australia
Atrichomis rufescens
Rufous Scrub-bird
VU ^' Bl-H2c,C2a
Australia
Family ALAUDBOAE
Alauda razae
Raso Lark
EN =' Dl
Cape Verde
Certhilauda hurra
Red Lark
VU ^' Bl+2c,C2b
Namibia, South Africa
47
Threatened Species
Heteromirafra archeri
Archer's Lark
EN -' Bl+2ac, C2a
Somalia
Heteromirafra ruddi
Rudd's Lark
CR -' A2c
Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland
Heteromirafra sidamoensis
Sidamo Lark
EN -' Bl+2ac, C2b
Ethiopia
Mirafra ashi
Ash's Lark
EN -' Bl+2ac,C2b
Somalia
Mirafra degodiensis
Degodi Lark
VU 2' Dl+2
Ethiopia
Spizocorys fringillaris
Botha's Lark
VU -' A2c, Cl+2b
South Africa
Family HIRUNDINIDAE
Hirundo atrocaerulea
Blue Swallow
VU -' Alc+2c, Cl+2a
Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe. * Kenya, Uganda, Zaire
Hirundo megaensis
White-tailed Swallow
VU 21 Bl+2abc,C2b
Ethiopia
Hirundo perdita
Red Sea Swallow
VU =' Dl
Sudan?
Pseudochelidon sirintarae
White-eyed River-martin
CR '-' Dl
Thailand
Family MOTACILLroAE
Anthus chloris
Yellow-breasted Pipit
VU 2' B1+2C
Lesotho, South Africa
Anthus nattereri
Ochre-breasted Pipit
EN -' C2a
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Anthus sokokensis
Sokoke Pipit
VU -' Bl+2abc,C2a
Kenya, Tanzania (ex?)
Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE
Campephaga lobata
Western Wattled Cuckoo-shrike
VU -I Alc+2c
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Coracina fortis
Buru Cuckoo-shrike
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2b
Indonesia
Coracina mcgregori
McGregor's Cuckoo-shrike
VU 21 Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Philippines
Coracina mindanensis
Black-bibbed Cicadabird
VU 2> Cl+2a
Philippines
Coracina newtoni
Reunion Cuckoo-shrike
EN 21 Dl
Reunion
Coracina ostenta
White-winged Cuckoo-shrike
VU -' A2c, Bl+2c
Philippines
Coracina typica
Mauritius Cuckoo-shrike
VU -' Dl
Mauritius
Family PYCNONOTIDAE
Bleda eximia
Green-tailed Bristlebill
VU 2' Alc+2c
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Chlorocichla prigoginei
Prigogine's Greenbul
VU 21 Bl+2abcde,C2a
Zaire
Criniger olivaceus
Yellow-throated Olive Greenbul
VU 21 Alc+2c
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone
Hypsipetes nicobariensis
Nicobar Bulbul
VU 21 Ale, Bl+2e,Cl+2a
India
Hypsipetes olivaceus
Mauritius Bulbul
VU 2' Dl
Mauritius
Ixos siquijorensis
Streak-breasted Bulbul
EN 21 B1+2C
Philippines
Phyllastrephus apperti
Appert's Greenbul
VU 21 Bl+2abcd, Cl+2a, Dl
Madagascar
Phyllastrephus cinereiceps
Grey-crowned Greenbul
VU 2' Bl-h2c,C2a
Madagascar
Phyllastrephus leucolepis
Liberian Greenbul
CR 21 A2c, Cl+2b
Liberia
Phyllastrephus tenebrosus
Dusky Greenbul
EN 21 C2a
Madagascar
Pycnonotus tympanistrigus
Spot-necked Bulbul
VU 21 Cl+2a
Indonesia
Pycnonotus zeylanicus
Straw-headed Bulbul
VU 21 Alcd
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Family IRENIDAE
Chloropsis flavipennis
Philippine Leafbird
EN 21 ci
Philippines
Family LANIIDAE
Laniarius amboimensis
Gabela Bush-shrike
EN 21 Bl+2c, CI
Angola
Laniarius brauni
Orange-breasted Bush-shrike
EN 21 Bl+2c
Angola
Laniarius liberatus
Bulo Burti Bush-shrike
CR 21 Dl
Somalia
Lanius newtoni
Sao Tome Fiscal Shrike
CR 21 Dl
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tom6
(ex?))
Malaconotus alius
Uluguru Bush-shrike
CR 21 C2b
Tanzania
Malaconotus gladiator
Green-breasted Bush-shrike
VU 2' C2a
Cameroon, Nigeria?
48
Birds
Malaconotus monteiri
Monteiro's Bush-shrike
EN -' C2a
Angola, Cameroon (ex?), Kenya
Prionops alberti
Yellow-crested Helmet-shrike
VU -' Cl+2a
Zaire
Prionops gabela
Gabela Helmet-shrike
EN ^' Bl+2bcd,C2a
Angola
Prionops poliolophus
Grey-crested Helmet-shrike
VU -' C2b
Kenya, Tanzania
Telophorus kupeensis
Mount Kupe Bush-shrike
CR -' Dl
Cameroon
Family VANGIDAE
Oriolia bemieri
Bemier's Vanga
VU ^' C2a
Madagascar
Xenopirostris damii
Van Dam's Vanga
VU '■ D2
Madagascar
Xenopirostris polleni
Pollen's Vanga
VU '-' C2a
Madagascar
Family CINCLroAE
Cinclus schulzi
Rufous-throated Dipper
VU ^' C2a
Argentina, Bolivia
Family TROGLODYTmAE
Cistothorus apolinari
Apolinar's Wren
EN -' Cl+2a
Colombia
Ferminia cerverai
Zapata Wren
CR -' C2b
Cuba
Hylorchilus navai
Nava's Wren
VU ^' A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, CI +2a
Mexico
Hylorchilus sumichrasti
Sumichrast's Wren
VU =' Alc+2c,Bl-H2c,Cl+2a
Mexico
Thryothorus nicefori
Niceforo's Wren
CR -' Bl+2c
Colombia
Troglodytes cobbi
Cobb's Wren
VU =' D2
Falkland Islands
Troglodytes tanneri
Clarion Wren
VU =' Dl+2
Mexico
Family MIMIDAE
Mimodes graysoni
Socorro Mockingbird
EN -' Bl+2e,C2b
Mexico
Nesomimus trifasciatus
Floreana Mockingbird
EN " Dl
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Rampkocinclus brachyurus
White-breasted Thrasher
EN -' Bl+2e,Cl+2a, Dl
Martinique, St Lucia
Family MUSCICAPmAE
Acanthiza iredalei
Slender-billed Thombill
VU " C2a
Australia
Acrocephalus brevipennis
Cape Verde Warbler
VU -' A 1 ac, B 1 +2bc, C2b, D 1
Cape Verde
Acrocephalus caffer
Tahiti Reed-warbler
VU " Dl
French Polynesia
Acrocephalus familiaris
Millerbird
VU '-' Dl+2
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Acrocephalus luscinia
Nightingale Reed-warbler
VU -' A2e, Bl+2cde,Cl
Guam (ex), Northem Marianas
Acrocephalus paludicola
Aquatic Warbler
VU ^' A2c
Austria, Belarus, Germany, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland,
Russia, Ukraine. * Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France,
Iran, Italy, Latvia, Mali, Mauritania,
Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal,
Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, United
Kingdom
Acrocephalus rehsei
Nauru Reed-warbler
VU " D2
Nauru
Acrocephalus sorghophilus
Streaked Reed-warbler
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl+2a
China. * Philippines
Acrocephalus vaughani
Pitcaim Reed-warbler
VU =' D2
French Polynesia, Pitcaim Islands
Alcippe variegaticeps
Gold-fronted Fulvetta
VU -' Bl+2c, Cl+2a
China
Alethe choloensis
Thyolo Alethe
VU '-' Bl+2c
Malawi, Mozambique
Amaurocichla bocagii
Sao Tome Short-tail
VU -' Dl
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Amytornis dorotheae
Carpentarian Grasswren
VU -' Bl+2c,C2a
Australia
Amytornis textilis
Thick-billed Grasswren
VU =' C2a
Australia
Apalis argentea
Kungwe Apalis
VU "' Bl+2ace
Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zaire
Apalis bamendae
Bamenda Apalis
VU -' Bl+2acd
Cameroon
Apalis chariessa
White- winged Apalis
VU -' Bl+2bc
Kenya (ex?), Malawi, Mozambique,
Tanzania
Apalis fuscigularis
Taita Apalis
CR -' Bl+2bc
Kenya
Apalis karamojae
Karamoja Apalis
VU -' A2c, BH-2C
Tanzania, Uganda
Apalis lynesi
Namuli Apalis
VU -' D2
Mozambique
49
Threatened Species
Aphelocephala pectoralis
Chestnut-breasted Whiteface
VU -' C2a
Australia
Arcanator orostruthus
Dappled Mountain-robin
VU -' Bl+2bc
Mozambique, Tanzania
Bathmocercus cerviniventris
Black-capped Rufous Warbler
VU -' C2a
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Bebrornis rodericanus
Rodrigues Warbler
CR =' DI
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Bebrornis sechellensis
Seychelles Warbler
VU =' Dl+2
Seychelles
Brachypteryx hyperythra
Rusty-bellied Shortwing
VU =' Cl+2a
China, India
Bradypterus graueri
Grauer's Swamp-warbler
VU -' Bl+2ac
Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire
Bradypterus major
Long-billed Bush-warbler
VU " C2a
China, India, Pakistan
Chaetomis striatus
Bristled Grass-warbler
VU -' Alc,Cl-l-2a
Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan
Chloropeta gracilirostris
Papyrus Yellow Warbler
VU =' Bl-H2abcd
Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia
Chrysomma altirostre
Jerdon's Babbler
VU -' Ale
India, Myanmar (ex?), Nepal,
Pakistan
Cisticola haesitatus
Socotra Cisticola
VU ■' Dl
Yemen (Socotra)
Cochoa azurea
Javan Cochoa
VU =' B1-H2C
Indonesia
Cochoa beccarii
Sumatran Cochoa
VU =' Cl+2a
Indonesia
Copsychus cebuensis
Black Shama
EN -' C2a
Philippines
Copsychus sechellarum
Seychelles Magpie-robin
CR 2' Dl
Seychelles
Cossypha heinrichi
White-headed Robin-chat
VU -' Bl-i-2ac
Angola, Zaire
Crocias langbianis
Grey-crowned Crocias
CR -' B1+2C
Viet Nam
Crossleyia xanthophrys
Madagascar Yellowbrow
VU ^' C2a
Madagascar
Cyornis ruckii
Rueck's Blue-flycatcher
VU " Cl.DI
Indonesia, Malaysia?
Cyornis sanfordi
Matinan Flycatcher
VU =' D2
Indonesia
Dasyornis hrachypterus
Eastern Bristlebird
VU =' Bl+2c,C2a
Australia
Dasyornis broadbenti
Rufous Bristlebird
VU -' Bl-l-2c,C2a
Australia
Dasyornis longirostris
Western Bristlebird
EN =' Bl-H2cd, C2a
Australia
Eremomela turneri
Turner's Eremomela
VU -' Bl-^2ac
Kenya, Uganda, Zaire
Eutrichomyias rowleyi
Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher
CR -' Bl-H2ce,C2b, Dl
Indonesia
Ficedula basilanica
Little Slaty Flycatcher
VU -' A1c-h2c, Cl-h2a
Philippines
Ficedula bonthaina
Lompobattang Flycatcher
EN =' Bl+2c
Indonesia
Ficedula crypta
Cryptic Flycatcher
VU =' A2c,Bl-i-2c, Cl+2a
Philippines
Ficedula disposita
Furtive Flycatcher
EN -' C2a
Philippines
Ficedula henrici
Damar Flycatcher
VU -' D2
Indonesia
Ficedula platenae
Palawan Flycatcher
EN -' C2a
Philippines
Ficedula subrubra
Kashmir Flycatcher
VU -' B1-I-2C
India, Pakistan. * India, Nepal, Sri
Lanka
Garrulax bieti
White-speckled Laughingthrush
VU =' Bl+2c, Cl+2a
China
Garrulax cinereifrons
Ashy-headed Laughingthrush
VU -' Bl-H2c,Cl-l-2a
Sri Lanka
Garrulax milleti
Black-hooded Laughingthrush
VU -' A2c,Bl+2c, Cl-l-2a
Viet Nam
Garrulax sukatschewi
Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush
VU =' Cl+2a
China
Garrulax yersini
Collared Laughingthrush
VU -' Bl-H2c,Cl+2a
Viet Nam
Gerygone hypoxantha
Biak Gerygone
EN -' Bl+2c, C2b
Indonesia
Gerygone modesta
Norfolk Island Gerygone
VU 2' D2
Norfolk Island
Humblotia flavirostris
Grand Comoro Flycatcher
VU -' Bl-H2c,C2b
Comoros
Hypothymis coelestis
Celestial Monarch
EN " C2a
Philippines
50
Birds
Jabouilleia danjoui
Short-tailed Scimitar-babbler
VU -' A1C-I-2C, Cl-t-2a
Laos, Viet Nam
Kupeornis gilberti
White-throated Mountain-babbler
VU -' Bl-H2bc
Cameroon, Nigeria
Lamprolia victoriae
Silktail
VU =' B1-I-2C
Fiji
Liocichla omeiensis
Omei Shan Liocichla
VU -' Bl-i-2c,Cl
China
Luscinia obscura
Black-throated Blue Robin
VU -' CU2a
China. * Thailand
Luscinia ruficeps
Rufous-headed Robin
VU -' Cl-f2a
China. * Malaysia
Macrosphenus pulitzeri
Pulitzer's Longbill
EN -' Bl-i-2bc, C2a
Angola
Malacocincla perspicittata
Black-browed Babbler
VU -' C1,D1
Indonesia
Malacocincla vanderbilti
Vanderbilt's Babbler
VU " CI.Dl
Indonesia
Malacopteron palawanense
Melodious Babbler
EN '-' C2a
Philippines
Mayromis versicolor
Ogea Monarch
VU =' D2
Fiji
Megalurus albolimbatus
Fly River Grassbird
VU -' C2a, D2
China, Japan, Mongolia?, Papua
New Guinea
Megalurus pryeri
Marsh Grassbird
VU ^' Cl-f2a
China, Japan, Mongolia?
Melaenornis annamarulae
Nimba Flycatcher
VU -' A1c-h2c
Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra
Leone
Metaholus rugensis
Truk Monarch
EN -' Ala, Bl-f2acd, C2a
Federated States of Micronesia
Micromacronus leytensis
Miniature Tit-babbler
VU -' A1c-h2c, Cl-H2a
Philippines
Mohoua ochrocephala
Yellowhead
VU -' B2bde+3c, C2a
New Zealand
Monarcha boanensis
Black-chinned Monarch
EN =' B1-I-2C, Dl
Indonesia
Monarcha brehmii
Biak Monarch
EN -' Bl+2c,C2b
Indonesia
Monarcha everetti
White-tipped Monarch
VU -' C2b, D2
Indonesia
Monarcha sacerdotum
Flores Monarch
EN ^' C2b
Indonesia
Monarcha takatsukasae
Tinian Monarch
VU -' D2
Northern Marianas
Muscicapa lendu
Chapin's Flycatcher
VU -' BH2ac,C2a
Kenya, Uganda, Zaire
Muscicapa randi
Ashy-breasted Flycatcher
EN -' C2a
Philippines
Myadestes lanaiensis
Olomao
CR -' Ala, Bl-h2e, C2b, Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Myadestes myadestinus
Kamao
CR -' Ala, Bl-f2e,C2b, Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Myadestes palmeri
Puaiohi
CR -' Ala, Bl+2ce, C2a, Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Myiagra albiventris
Samoan Flycatcher
VU -' Alac
Western Samoa
Myiophonus blighi
Sri Lanka Whistling-thrush
EN -' BU2c,Cl
Sri Lanka
Napothera rabori
Rabor's Wren-babbler
VU -' Cl-H2a
Philippines
Newtonia fanovanae
Red-tailed Newtonia
VU -' Bl+2c,C2a
Madagascar
Orthotomus moreaui
Long-billed Tailorbird
CR " C2a
Mozambique, Tanzania
Paradoxomis davidianus
Short-tailed Parrotbill
VU -' Alc,Cl-H2a
China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Paradoxornis flavirostris
Black-breasted Parrotbill
VU -' Alac,Cl-i-2a
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal
(ex?)
Paradoxomis przewalskii
Rusty-throated Parrotbill
VU ■' B1-H2C, Cl-i-2a
China
Paradoxornis zappeyi
Grey-hooded Parrotbill
VU -' Bl-i-2c,Cl+2a
China
Pellorneum palustre
Marsh Babbler
VU -' Alc,CI+2a
Bangladesh, India
Petroica traversi
Chatham Islands Robin
EN '-' Dl
New Zealand [re-int] (Chatham Is)
Phylloscopus amoenus
Sombre Leaf-warbler
VU -' Dl■^2
Solomon Islands
Phylloscopus hainanus
Hainan Leaf-warbler
VU -' Ale, Bl-h2c
China
Phylloscopus ijimae
Ijima's Leaf-warbler
VU ^' Cl-h2a
Japan. * Philippines
Picathartes gymnocephalus
White-necked Rockfowl
VU "' A1C-I-2C
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
51
Threatened Species
Picathartes areas
Grey-necked Rockfowl
VU =' C2a
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea?,
Gabon, Nigeria
Platysteira laticincta
Banded Wattle-eye
VU -' Ale, Bl-e2bc, Cl+2b
Cameroon
Pomarea dimidiata
Rarotonga Monarch
CR ■' Dl
Cook Islands
Pomarea iphis
Iphis Monarch
VU -' D2
French Polynesia
Pomarea mendozae
Marquesan Monarch
EN -' Bl+2d, C2a
French Polynesia
Pomarea nigra
Tahiti Monarch
CR -' C2b, Dl
French Polynesia
Pomarea whitneyi
Fatuhiva Monarch
VU -' D2
French Polynesia
Prinia burnesii
Rufous- vented Prinia
VU -' Ale
Bangladesh, India, Pakistan
Prinia leontica
White-eyed Prinia
VU -' C2a
Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra
Leone
Pseudocossyphus bensoni
Benson's Rock-thrush
VU =' Dl
Madagascar
Psophodes nigrogutaris
Western Whipbird
VU -' Bl+2c,C2a
Australia
Ptilocichla falcata
Falcated Wren-babbler
EN =' C2a
Philippines
Rhinomyias addita
Streaky-breasted Jungle-flycatcher
VU " D2
Indonesia
Rhinomyias albigularis
White-throated Jungle-flycatcher
CR =' Alc+2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a, Dl
Philippines
Rhinomyias brunneata
Brown-chested Jungle-flycatcher
VU -' Alc+2c
China, India (Andaman & Nicobar
Is). * Brunei, Malaysia?, Singapore,
Thailand
Rhinomyias goodfellowi
Slaty-backed Jungle-flycatcher
VU -' A2c, Bl+2c,Cl-H2a
Philippines
Rhinomyias insignis
White-browed Jungle-flycatcher
EN =' C2a
Philippines
Rhipidura malaitae
Malaita Fantail
VU " Dl
Solomon Islands
Rhipidura semirubra
Manus Fantail
VU =' Dl+2
Papua New Guinea
Rhyacornis bicolor
Luzon Water-redstart
EN -' Bl+2ce,C2a
Philippines
Saxicola insignis
White-throated Bushchat
VU " Cl-H2a
Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia. *
China?, India, Nepal
Saxicola macrorhyncha
White-browed Bushchat
VU =' Alac, Cl-h2a
Afghanistan, India, Pakistan
Scepomycter winifredae
Mrs Moreau's Warbler
VU -' Bl+2bc
Tanzania
Sheppardia gabela
Gabela Akalat
EN ■' Bl-(-2ac,C2a
Angola
Sheppardia gunningi
East Coast Akalat
VU -' Bl-i-2bc
Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,
Tanzania
Sheppardia lowei
Iringa Akalat
VU -' Bl+2bc
Tanzania
Sheppardia montana
Usambara Akalat
VU ■' Bl-H2ac
Tanzania
Spelaeomis badeigularis
Rusty-throated Wren-babbler
VU -' B1-H2C. Dl
India
Spelaeornis caudatus
Rufous-throated Wren-babbler
VU =' Bl-(-2c, CI+2a
Bhutan, India, Nepal
Spelaeornis longicaudatus
Tawny-breasted Wren-babbler
VU =' Bl+2c, Cl-i-2a
India
Stachyris grammiceps
White-breasted Babbler
VU -' Bl+2cd,Cl+2a
Indonesia
Stachyris herberti
Sooty Babbler
VU -' Cl+2a
Laos, Viet Nam
Stachyris hypogrammica
Palawan Striped-babbler
VU =' D2
Philippines
Stachyris latistriata
Panay Striped-babbler
VU -' BI-I-2C
Philippines
Stachyris nigrorum
Negros Striped-babbler
EN -' C2b
Philippines
Stachyris oglei
Snowy-throated Babbler
VU =' Bl-H2c,ClH-2a
India
Stachyris rodolphei
Deignan's Babbler
VU =' D2
Thailand
Stachyris speciosa
Flame-templed Babbler
EN -' Bl+2c,C2a
Philippines
Stachyris striata
Luzon Striped-babbler
VU -' Alc+2c, Cl+2a
Philippines
Swynnertonia swynnertoni
Swynnerton's Robin
VU -' Bl-l-2bc
Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
Sylvia buryi
Yemen Warbler
VU -' Bl-t-2bc, C2a
Saudi Arabia, Yemen
52
Birds
Terpsiphone corvina
Seychelles Paradise-flycatcher
CR 2' Bl+2abce, C2b
Seychelles
Terpsiphone smithii
Annobon Paradise-flycatcher
VU =' Dl+2
Equatorial Guinea
Trichastoma woodi
Bagobo Babbler
VU ^' Cl+2a
Philippines
Trichocichla rufa
Long-legged Thicketbird
CR -' Bl-f-2e,C2a
Fiji
Turdoides hindei
Hinde's Pied-babbler
EN -' Bl+2ac,C2a
Kenya
Turdus celaenops
Izu Thrush
VU -' Bl-h2e,Cl
Japan
Turdus feae
Grey-sided Thrush
VU -' Bl-H2c,Cl-H2a
China. * India, Myanmar, Thailand
Turdus helleri
Taita Thrush
CR =' Bl-i-2abc
Kenya
Turdus tudoviciae
Somali Thrush
EN -' Bl-H2abc
Somalia
Turdus menachensis
Yemen Thrush
VU -' Bl+2bc, C2a
Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Turdus swalesi
La Sella Thrush
VU ^' Bl-H2c,Cl-h2a
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Zoothera cinerea
Ashy Thrush
VU -' A2c, Cl-h2a
Philippines
Zoothera guttata
Spotted Ground-thrush
EN -' C2a
Malawi, Mozambique?, South
Africa, Sudan, Zaire. * Kenya,
Tanzania
Zoothera major
Amami Thrush
CR -' C2b
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family PARIDAE
Parus nuchalis
White-naped Tit
VU =' Alc.Cl+2a
India
Family SITTIDAE
Sitta formosa
Beautiful Nuthatch
VU =' Cl-^2a
Bhutan, China, India, Laos.
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Sitta ledanti
Algerian Nuthatch
EN -' C2a
Algeria
Sitta magna
Giant Nuthatch
VU -' Alc,Cl-h2a
China, Myanmar, Thailand
Sitta solangiae
Yellow-billed Nuthatch
VU -' Cl-^2a
China, Viet Nam
Sitta victoriae
White-browed Nuthatch
VU =' D2
Myanmar
Sitta yunnanetisis
Yunnan Nuthatch
VU =' Ale, Cl+2a
China
Family DICAEIDAE
Dicaeum haematostictum
Visayan Flowerpecker
EN •' Ale, Bl-i-2c,C2a
Philippines
Dicaeum proprium
Whiskered Flowerpecker
VU -' A2c, Bl+2c, Cl-i-2a
Philippines
Dicaeum quadricolor
Cebu Flowerpecker
CR =' A2c, Bl-H2c,Cl+2b,Dl
Philippines
Dicaeum retrocinctum
Scarlet-collared Flowerpecker
CR -' A2c, B1-I-2C
Philippines
Pardalotus quadragintus
Forty-spotted Pardalote
VU -' Bl+2c
Australia
Family NECTARINIffiAE
Aethopyga duyvenbodei
Elegant Sunbird
EN =' Bl+2c
Indonesia
Anthreptes pallidigaster
Amani Sunbird
VU ^' Bl+2bc
Kenya, Tanzania
Anthreptes rubritorques
Banded Sunbird
VU -' Bl+2bc
Tanzania
Nectarinia rockefelleri
Rockefeller's Sunbird
VU -' Dl
Zaire
Nectarinia rufipennis
Rufous-winged Sunbird
VU =' D2
Tanzania
Nectarinia thomensis
Giant Sunbird
VU =' Dl
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Family ZOSTEROPEDAE
Cleptomis marchei
Golden White-eye
VU =' A2e, 02
Northern Marianas
Madanga ruficollis
Rufous-throated White-eye
VU " D2
Indonesia
Rukia ruki
Faichuk White-eye
EN =' Bl-H2c,C2a
Federated States of Micronesia
Speirops brunneus
Fernando Po Speirops
VU " D2
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Speirops leucophaeus
Principe Speirops
VU 2' C2b
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Speirops melanocephalus
Mount Cameroon Speirops
VU ^' D2
Cameroon
Zosterops albogularis
White-chested White-eye
CR -' Dl
Norfolk Island
53
Threatened Species
Zosterops chloronothos
Mauritius Olive White-eye
CR -' Ala, Bl+2e, C2b
Mauritius
Zosterops ficedulinus
Sao Tome White-eye
VU -' C2a
Sao Tome & Prfncipe
Zosterops griseovirescens
Annobon White-eye
VU -' D2
Equatorial Guinea
Zosterops kulalensis
Kulal White-eye
CR -' Bl-i-2bc
Kenya
Zosterops luteirostris
Ghizo White-eye
VU =' D2
Solomon Islands
Zosterops modestus
Seychelles White-eye
CR -' C2b. Dl
Seychelles
Zosterops mouroniensis
Mount Karthala White-eye
CR -' Bl-(-2bc
Comoros
Zosterops oleagineus
Yap Olive White-eye
VU -' D2
Federated States of Micronesia
Zosterops rotensis
Rota White-eye
CR -' Ala, Bl+2de
Northern Marianas
Zosterops samoensis
Samoan White-eye
VU -' C2a, D2
Western Samoa
Zosterops silvanus
Taita White -eye
CR =' Bl+2bc
Kenya
Zosterops tenuirostris
Slender-billed White-eye
VU -' D2
Norfolk Island
Zosterops tephropleurus
Lord Howe Island White-eye
VU -' D2
Australia
Zosterops winifredae
South Pare White-eye
VU -' Bl+2c,C2a
Tanzania
Family MELIPHAGmAE
Apalopteron familiare
Benin Honeyeater
VU =' D2
Japan
Grantiella picta
Painted Honeyeater
VU =' C2a
Australia
Gymnomyza aubryana
Crow Honeyeater
VU =' BI+2c,C2b
New Caledonia
Gymnomyza samoensis
Mao
VU -' Ale, C2a
American Samoa (ex). Western
Samoa
Manorina melanotis
Black-eared Miner
CR -' C2a, Dl
Australia
Melidectes princeps
Long-bearded Melidectes
VU -' Bl+2ce,C2a
Papua New Guinea
Moho bishopi
Bishops Oo
CR ■' Bl+2ce,C2a, Dl
USA {Hawaiian Is)
Moho braccatus
Kauai Oo
CR '' Ala, Bl-i-2ce,C2b, Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Myzomela chermesina
Rotuma Myzomela
VU -' D2
Fiji
Notiomystis cincta
Stitchbird
VU -' D2
New Zealand
Xanthomyza phrygia
Regent Honeyeater
EN =' C2a
Australia
Family EMBERIZIDAE
Atlapetes flaviceps
Yellow-headed Brush-finch
EN =' Bl+2ac,C2a
Colombia
Atlapetes pallidiceps
Pale-headed Brush-fmch
CR -' Ale, Bl+2c, C2b
Ecuador
Bangsia aureocincta
Gold-ringed Tanager
VU -' B1-H2C, CI
Colombia
Bangsia melanochlamys
Black-and-gold Tanager
EN =' Cl-i-2a
Colombia
Buthraupis aureodorsalis
Golden-backed Mountain-tanager
VU -' D2
Peru
Buthraupis wetmorei
Masked Mountain-tanager
VU -' Alc+2c, Bl+2c, Cl+2a
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Calyptophilus frugivorus
Chat-tanager
VU =' Ale, Cl-i-2a
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Camarhynchus heliobates
Mangrove Finch
EN -' Dl
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Chlorochrysa nitidissima
Multicoloured Tanager
VU ^' CI
Colombia
Chlorospingus flavovirens
Yellow-green Bush-tanager
VU =' C2a, 02
Colombia, Ecuador
Conothraupis mesoleuca
Cone-billed Tanager
VU -' Dl
Brazil
Coryphaspiza melanotis
Black-masked Finch
VU -' Ale
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Peru
Dacnis berlepschi
Scarlet-breasted Dacnis
VU " CI
Colombia, Ecuador
Dacnis nigripes
Black-legged Dacnis
VU -' CI
Brazil
Diglossa venezuelensis
Venezuelan Flowerpiercer
CR =' A2c
Venezuela
Emberizajankowskii
Rufous-backed Bunting
VU -' Cl+2a
China, North Korea, Russia
54
Birds
Emberiza socotrana
Socotra Bunting
VU =' Dl
Yemen
Emberiza sulphurata
Yellow Bunting
VU =' Cl+2a
Japan. * China, Hong Kong, North
Korea, Philippines, South Korea,
Taiwan
Gubernatrix cristata
Yellow Cardinal
EN -' Alad+2d
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay (ex?),
Uruguay
Habia atrimaxillaris
Black-cheeked Ant-tanager
VU =' Bl+2c,Cl+2b
Costa Rica
Hemispingus goeringi
Slaty-backed Hemispingus
VU =' Bl+2c, Cl-i-2a
Venezuela
Junco insularis
Guadalupe Junco
CR -' Bl-i-2e, C2b
Mexico
Nemosia rourei
Cherry-throated Tanager
CR =' Dl
Brazil
Nesospiza acunhae
Tristan Bunting
VU =' D2
St Helena (Tristan da Cunha)
Nesospiza wilkinsi
Grosbeak Bunting
VU =' Dl+2
St Helena (Tristan da CunhaJ
Oreothraupis arremonops
Tanager-fmch
VU '-' C2a
Colombia, Ecuador
Pinaroloxias inornata
Cocos Finch
VU =' D2
Costa Rica
Poospiza alticola
Plain-tailed Warbling-fmch
EN -' C2a
Peru
Poospiza baeri
Tucuman Mountain-finch
VU -' Dl
Argentina
Poospiza garleppi
Cochabamba Mountain-Finch
EN -' Bl+2c, Cl-H2b
Bolivia
Poospiza nibecula
Rufous-breasted Warbling-fmch
EN =' C2a
Peru
Pselliophorus luteoviridis
Yellow-green Finch
VU -' D2
Panama
Pseudodacnis hartlaubi
Turquoise Dacnis
VU -' Ale, Bl+2c, Cl-f2a
Colombia
Rowettia goughensis
Gough Buntmg
VU -' m+2
St Helena (Tristan da Cunha)
Saltator rufiventris
Rufous-bellied Saltator
VU '-' C2a
Argentina, Bolivia
Spizella wortheni
Worthen's Sparrow
EN -' C2a
Mexico, USA (ex)
Sporophila falcirostris
Temminck's Seedeater
EN -' AIc,Cl+2b
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Sporophila frontalis
Buffy-fronted Seedeater
EN -' Ale, Cl-h2b
Argentina?, Brazil, Paraguay
Sporophila insulata
Tumaco Seedeater
CR -' Dl
Colombia
Sporophila melanops
Hooded Seedeater
VU =' Dl
Brazil
Sporophila nigrorufa
Black-and-tawny Seedeater
EN -' Ale
Bolivia, Brazil
Sporophila palustris
Marsh Seedeater
EN -' Alcd+2cd
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Sporophila zelichi
Entre Ri'os Seedeater
CR -' A2cd,Cl+2b
Argentina
Tangara cabanisi
Azure-rumped Tanager
EN -' A2c
Guatemala, Mexico
Tangara fastuosa
Seven-coloured Tanager
EN -' A2cd
Brazil
Tangara meyerdeschauenseei
Green-capped Tanager
VU ^' D2
Peru
Tangara peruviana
Black-backed Tanager
EN -' A2c
Brazil
Torreornis inexpectata
Cuban Sparrow
EN -' BI-H2C, Cl-H2a
Cuba
Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron
Orange-throated Tanager
EN 2' A2c
Ecuador, Peru
Xenospingus concolor
Slender-billed Finch
VU ^' A2c, BI-^2c,CI-^2a
Chile, Peru
Xenospiza baileyi
Sierra Madre Sparrow
EN -' BI-H2C, CI-i-2a
Mexico
Family PARULIDAE
Basileuterus griseiceps
Grey-headed Warbler
CR -' A2c
Venezuela
Catharopeza bishopi
Whistling Warbler
VU ^' D2
St Vincent
Conirostnim tamarugense
Tamarugo Conebill
VU '-' C\
Chile, Peru
Dendroica chrysoparia
Golden-cheeked Warbler
EN ^' Alee
USA. * Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua
Dendroica kirtlandii
Kirtland's Warbler
VU =' Dl-i-2
Canada?, USA. * Bahamas, Turks
and Caicos Islands
Geothlypis beldingi
Belding's Yellowthroat
VU -' Alc-f2c, Bl+2c
Mexico
55
Threatened Species
Geothlypis speciosa
Black-polled Yellowthroat
VU =' Alc+2c, Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Mexico
Leucopeza semperi
Semper' s Warbler
CR =' Dl
St Lucia
Myioborus cardonai
Guaiquinima Whitestart
VU =' D2
Venezuela
Myioborus pariae
Paria Whitestart
CR -' Bl+2c
Venezuela
Vermivora bachmanii
Bachman's Warbler
CR -' Dl
USA. * Cuba?
Xenoligea montana
White-winged Warbler
VU -' Alc,Bl+2c,Cl-H2a
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Family DREPANTOroAE
Hemignathus lucidus
Nukupuu
CR -' Ala, Bl+2ce, C2a, Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hemignathus wilsoni
Akiapolaau
EN " Bl+2ce,C2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Loxioides bailleui
Palila
EN -' Bl+2e, C2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Loxops caeruleirostris
Akekee
EN -' Bl+2ce
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Loxops coccineus
Akepa
EN -' Bl-l-2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Melamprosops phaeosoma
Poo-uli
CR =' Alace, Bl+2abcde,C2a, Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Oreomystis bairdi
Akikiki
EN -' Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Oreomystis mana
Hawaii Creeper
EN -' Bl-i-2abcde
USA
Palmeria dolei
Akohekohe
VU -' D2
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Paroreomyza maculata
Oahu Alauahio
CR -' Ala, Bl+2ce,C2a, Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pseudonestor xanthophrys
Maui Parrotbill
VU -' D\+2
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Psittirostra psittacea
Ou
CR -' Alac,Bl-^2abcde, C2a, Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Telespiza cantons
Laysan Finch
VU " D2
USA [int] (Hawaiian Is)
Telespiza ultima
Nihoa Finch
VU " D2
USA [int] (Hawaiian Is)
Viridon ia parva
Anianiau
VU ■' Alacd, D2
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Viridonia stejnegeri
Kauai Amakihi
VU -' Alacd, D2
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family VIREONIDAE
Vireo atricapillus
Black-capped Vireo
EN -' Alcd-h2d
Mexico, USA
Vireo caribaeus
San Andres Vireo
CR -' Bl+2bc
Colombia (San Andres Id)
Vireo gracilirostris
Noronha Vireo
VU '-' D2
Brazil
Vireo sp.
Choco Vireo
VU 2' D2
Colombia
Family ICTERfflAE
Agelaius flavus
Saffron-cowled Blackbird
EN =' Alac+2ce
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Agelaius xanthomus
Yellow-shouldered Blackbird
EN -' Bl+2cd, Cl-H2a
Puerto Rico
Cacicus koepckeae
Selva Cacique
VU -' A2c, Cl+2b
Peru
Curaeus forbesi
Forbes' s Blackbird
CR -' A2cde,Cl-l-2a
Brazil
Gymnostinops cassini
Baudo Oropendola
EN -' A2c
Colombia
Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster
Red-bellied Crackle
EN -' Cl-H2a
Colombia
Icterus bonana
Martinique Oriole
EN -' Ale, Bl+2e,Cl-H2b
Martinique
Sturnella mititaris
Pampas Meadowlark
EN ■' Ale
Argentina, Brazil?, Uruguay. *
Brazil?, Uruguay
Family FRINGILLIDAE
Carduelis cucullata
Red Siskin
EN -' C2a
Colombia, Puerto Rico [int],
Trinidad and Tobago (ex), Venezuela
Carduelis johannis
Warsangli Linnet
EN -' Bl-i-2abc
Somalia
Carduelis siemiradzkii
Saffron Siskin
VU -' Bl-H2c,Cl-H2a
Ecuador, Peru?
Carduelis yarrellii
Yellow-faced Siskin
VU -' Ald+2d
Brazil, Venezuela
Neospiza concolor
Sao Tome Grosbeak
CR =' Dl
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome
(ex?))
Serinus ankoberensis
Ankober Serin
EN =' Bl-h2c
Ethiopia
56
Birds
Serinus Jlavigula
Yellow-throated Serin
EN '-' DI
Ethiopia
Serinus xantholaema
Salvadori's Serin
VU -' C2b
Ethiopia
Family ESTRILDIDAE
Amandava formosa
Green Avadavat
VU =' Cl+2a
India
Chloebia gouldiae
Gouldian Finch
EN ■' Bl+2de
Australia
Cryptospiza shelleyi
Shelley's Crimson-wing
VU -' Ala, Cl+2a
Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire
Erythrura coloria
Red-eared Parrotfinch
VU =' B1+2C, C2a
Philippines
Erythrura kleinschmidti
Pink-billed Parrotfinch
EN =' Bl+2e,C2a
Fiji
Erythrura regia
Royal Parrotfinch
VU =' A2c
Vanuatu
Erythrura viridifacies
Green-faced Parrotfinch
EN =' A2c,Cl+2a
Philippines
Estrilda nigriloris
Black-lored Waxbill
VU =' Bl+2ac
Zaire
Estrilda poliopareia
Anambra Waxbill
VU =' Bl+2bc, Dl
Nigeria
Lonchura vana
Grey-banded Munia
VU -' B1-H2C
Indonesia
Neochmia ruficauda
Star Finch
VU ■' C2a
Australia
Padda oryzivora
Java Sparrow
VU '-' Aid
Fiji [int], Indonesia, USA [int]
Family PLOCEffiAE
Foudia flavicans
Rodrigues Fody
VU -' Dl-i-2
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Foudia rubra
Mauritius Fody
CR -' Bl+2abce,C2b
Mauritius
Foudia sechellarum
Seychelles Fody
VU " D2
Seychelles
Malimbus ballmanni
Gola Malimbe
EN =' A2c
Cote d'lvoire?, Guinea, Liberia,
Sierra Leone
Malimbus Jlavipes
Yellow-legged Weaver
VU " C2a, Dl
Zaire
Malimbus ihadanensis
Ibadan Malimbe
CR -' C2a
Nigeria
Ploceus aureonucha
Golden-naped Weaver
VU =' C2b, Dl
Zaire
Ploceus bannermani
Bannerman's Weaver
VU =' Bl-H2abc,C2a
Cameroon, Nigeria?
Ploceus batesi
Bates's Weaver
VU =' C2a
Cameroon
Ploceus burnieri
Kilombero Weaver
VU -' Bl+2c,C2b, Dl
Tanzania
Ploceus golandi
Clarke's Weaver
VU -' DH-2
Kenya
Ploceus megarhynchus
Yellow Weaver
VU -' Cl+2a
India
Ploceus nicolli
Tanzanian Mountain Weaver
VU -' Bl+2bc,C2a, Dl
Tanzania
Ploceus nigrimentum
Black-chinned Weaver
VU -' C2a
Angola, Congo?, Gabon
Ploceus ruweti
Lake Lufira Weaver
VU -' D2
Zaire
Ploceus subpersonatus
Loango Weaver
VU =' Bl+2c,C2a
Angola, Gabon, Zaire
Family STURNIDAE
Aplonis brunneicapilla
White-eyed Starling
EN '' C2a
Papua New Guinea. Solomon Islands
Aplonis cinerascens
Rarotonga Starling
VU -' Dl+2
Cook Islands
Aplonis pelzelni
Pohnpei Mountain Starling
CR =' Bl-i-2be, C2b, Dl
Federated States of Micronesia
Aplonis santovestris
Santo Mountain Starling
VU " D2
Vanuatu
Cinnyricinclus femoralis
Abbott's Starling
VU =' Bl+2c,C2a
Kenya, Tanzania
Leucopsar rothschildi
Bali Starling
CR =' Bl+2e, Cl+2b, Dl
Indonesia
Onychognathus f rater
Socotra Starling
VU -' Dl
Yemen
Family ORIOLIDAE
Oriolus crassirostris
Sao Tome Oriole
VU =' C2b
Sao Tome & Principe
Oriolus isabellae
Isabela Oriole
CR " C2a, Dl
Philippines
Oriolus mellianus
Silver Oriole
VU -' Bl+2c,Cl-h2a
China. * Cambodia, Thailand
Family DICRURffiAE
Dicrurus fuscipennis
Grand Comoro Drongo
CR -' C2a
Comoros
57
Threatened Species
Dicrurus waldenii
Mayotte Drongo
CR -' C2b,Dl
Mayotte
Family CALLAEIDAE
Callaeas cinerea
Kokako
EN -' C2a
New Zealand
Family PTILONORHYNCHmAE
Archboldia papuensis
Archbold's Bowerbird
VU -' CI
Indonesia
Sericulus bakeri
Fire-maned Bowerbird
VU -' C2b
Papua New Guinea
Family PARADISAEIDAE
Astrapia mayeri
Ribbon-tailed Astrapia
VU -' Bl+2ce
Papua New Guinea
Epimachus fastuosus
Black Sicklebill
VU -' A2cd, C2a
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Macgregoria pulchra
Macgregor's Bird-of-paradise
VU -' Bl+2e,C2a
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Paradisaea decora
Goldie's Bird-of-paradise
VU -' Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea
Paradisaea rudolphi
Blue Bird-of-paradise
VU -' Cl+2a
Papua New Guinea
Parotia wahnesi
Wahnes's Parotia
VU =' CI
Papua New Guinea
Family CORVmAE
Corvus florensis
Flores Crow
VU ■' Bl+2c, Cl+2a
Indonesia
Corvus hawaiiensis
Hawaiian Crow
CR -' Dl
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Corvus kubaryi
Mariana Crow
CR -' Bl+2cde
Guam, Northern Marianas
Corvus leucognaphalus
White-necked Crow
VU -' Alc,Cl+2a
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto
Rico (ex)
Corvus unicolor
Banggai Crow
VU -' Dl
Indonesia
Crypsirina cucutlata
Hooded Treepie
VU -' Ale, Cl+2a
Myanmar
Cyanolyca mirabilis
White-throated Jay
EN -' A1C-I-2C, Bl+2c, Cl+2a
Mexico
Cyanolyca nana
Dwarf Jay
EN -' Aic+2c, Bl+2c,Cl-i-2b
Mexico
Garrulus lidthi
Lidth's Jay
VU =' Cl+2b
Japan
Perisoreus internigrans
Sichuan Jay
VU " Cl+2a
China
Podoces biddulphi
Xinjiang Ground-jay
VU =' Cl+2a
China
Vrocissa ornata
Sri Lanka Magpie
VU -' Bl-H2ac,Cl+2a
Sri Lanka
Zavattariornis stresemanni
Ethiopian Bush-crow
VU -' Bl+2abc,C2b
Ethiopia
Class REPTILIA
Order CROCODYLIA
Family ALLIGATORIDAE
Alligator sinensis
Chinese Alligator
CR " AlcDl
China
[R. Yangtze]
Melanosuchus niger
Black Caiman
EN " A led
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay,
Peru, Venezuela
Family CROCODYLmAE
Crocodylus acutus
American Crocodile
VU " Alac
Belize?, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA,
Venezuela
Crocodylus intermedius
Orinoco Crocodile
CR " Ale, C2a
Colombia, Venezuela
Crocodylus mindorensis
Philippines Crocodile
CR » Alc,C2a
Philippines
Crocodylus palustris
Mugger
VU « Ala,C2a
Bangladesh (ex?), India, Iran, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Crocodylus rhombifer
Cuban Crocodile
EN " Alce,Bl-H2c
Cuba
Crocodylus siamensis
Siamese Crocodile
CR " Alac
Brunei?, Cambodia, Indonesia,
Laos?, Malaysia, Myanmar?,
Thailand (ex?), Viet Nam
Osteolaemus tetraspis
West African Dwarf Crocodile
VU " A2cd
Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo, Cote d'lvoire, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo,
Uganda?, Zaire
Family GAVIALTOAE
Gavialis gangeticus
Gharial
EN " C2a, E
Bangladesh, Bhutan?, India, Nepal,
Pakistan
Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA
Family SPHENODONTIDAE
Sphenodon guntheri
Brother's Island Tuatara
VU " D1-H2
New Zealand
58
Reptiles
5*
Order SAURIA
Family AGAMEDAE
Calotes liocephalus
Spineless Forest Lizard
EN "" Bl+2bc
Sri Lanka
Ceratophora tennentii
Tennent's Leaf-nosed Lizard
EN '»' Bl+2bc
Sri Lanka
Ctenophorus yinnietharra
Yinnietharra Rock Dragon
VU " D2
Australia
Family ANGUIDAE
Abronia montecristoi
CR "« BI+2c
El Salvador
Diploglossus anelpistus
CR '^ Bl+2abcd
Dominican Republic
Diploglossus carruai
EN '-« Bl+2bc
Dominican Republic
Diploglossus montisserrati
Monsterrat Galliwasp
CR " Bl+2c
Montserrat
Gerrhonotus panamintus
Panamint Alligator Lizard
VU '" D2
USA
Family CHAMAELEONmAE
Bradypodion setaroi
Setaro's Dwarf Chamaeleon
EN '"' Bl+2c
South Africa
Bradypodion taeniabronchum
Smith's Dwarf Chamaeleon
CR '" Bl+2c
South Africa
Brookesia peramata
VU '» Ald,D2
Madagascar
Furcifer campani
VU '* Alcd
Madagascar
Furcifer labordi
VU '« Alcd
Madagascar
Furcifer minor
VU "* Alcd
Madagascar
Family CORDVLIDAE
Cordylus cataphractus
Armadillo Girdled Lizard
VU '" A2d
South Africa
Cordylus giganteus
Giant Girdled Lizard
VU '»' A2cd
South Africa
Cordylus mclachlani
McLachlan's Girdled Lizard
VU "" D2
South Africa
Pseudocordylus nebulosus nov.
VU '" D2
South Africa
Tetradactylus breyeri
Breyer's Long-tailed Seps
VU "" Alc+2c
South Africa
Family GEKKONBDAE
Christinus guentheri
VU '* Bl+2c, D2
Australia, Norfolk Island
GoniosauTus kuroiwae
Kuroiwa's Ground Gecko
VU "" Bl+2cd
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Hoplodactylus stephensi
Stephen's Island Gecko
VU " D2
New Zealand
Lepidoblepharis montecanoensis
Paraguanan Ground Gecko
CR "" Bl+2c
Venezuela
Lepidodactylus listeri
VU " D2
Christmas Island
Lygodactylus methueni
Methuen's Dwarf Gecko
VU "" B1+2C
South Africa
Nactus serpensinsula
Serpent Island Gecko
VU "* D2
Mauritius
Nephrurus deteani
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Phelsuma guentheri
Round Island Day Gecko
EN '"■ Dl
Mauritius
Phelsuma standingi
Standing's Day Gecko
VU '» Alcd
Madagascar
Phyllodactylus europaeus
European Leaf-toed Gekko
VU " Ala, Bl+2b
France, Italy, Tunisia
Sphaerodactylus micropithecus
Monito Gecko
EN "" Dl
Puerto Rico
Family HELODERMATmAE
Heloderma horridum
Beaded Lizard
VU " A2cd
Guatemala, Mexico
Heloderma suspectum
Gila Monster
VU " A2cd
Mexico, USA
Family IGUANIDAE
Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Galapagos Marine Iguana
VU "" Alee
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Anolis roosevelti
Roosevelt's Giant Anole
CR '» A2ce
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British),
Virgin Islands (US)
Brachylophus fasciatus
Fiji Banded Iguana
EN " Ale
Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu [int]
Brachylophus vitiensis
Fiji Crested Iguana
CR '* Ale, Bl+2c
Fiji
Conolophus pallidus
Barrington Land Iguana
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Conolophus subcristatus
Galapagos Land Iguana
VU "" D2
Ecuador (Galdpagos Is)
Cyclura carinata
CR " Bl+2abcde
Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands
Cyclura collei
Jamaican Iguana
CR " B1-H2C
Jamaica
59
Threatened Species
Cyclura cornuta
Rhinoceros Iguana
VU " Alacde+2ce
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto
Rico, USA
Cyclura cychlura
Bahama Island Rock Iguana
VU =' Mace, BI+2b,Cl
Bahamas
Cyclura nubila
Cuban Ground Iguana
VU " Alcde+2ce
Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico
[int]
Cyclura pinguis
Anegada Rock Iguana
CR " A 1 abode, B 1 +2abce, C 1 +2b
Virgin Islands (British)
Cyclura ricordi
Ricord's Iguana
CR '* Alce+2cd, Bl+2ce
Dominican Republic
Cyclura rileyi
San Salvador Rock Iguana
EN » C2a
Bahamas
Gambelia situs
Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard
EN " Alee
USA
Iguana delicatissima
Lesser Antillean Iguana
VU " Alacde+2cde, Bl+2abcde
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda,
Dominica, Guadeloupe (St
Barthelemy, St Martin), Martinique,
Netherlands Antilles, St Kitts and
Nevis (ex)
Liolaemus huacahuasicus
VU '" D2
Argentina
Liolaemus rabinoi
VU '» Ale, D2
Argentina
[Lago Nihuil]
Uma inornata
Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Lizard
EN " Ala, Bl+2c
USA
Family LACERTIDAE
Algyroides marchi
VU « Bl+2cd
Spain
Gallotia simonyi
Hierro Giant Lizard
CR « Bl+2e,C2b
Spain (Canary Is)
Lacerta bonnali
VU " Bl+2cd
Spain
Lacerta clarkorum
EN " C2a
Georgia, Turkey
Podarcis lilfordi
Lilford's Wall Lizard
VU « Bl+2bd, D2
Spain (Balearic Is)
Podarcis milensis
VU "' Bl+2bd,D2
Greece
Podarcis pityusensis
Ibiza Wall Lizard
VU " D2
Spain (Balearic Is)
Family PYGOPODmAE
Aprasia aurita
VU " B1+2C
Australia
Delma impar
Striped Legless Lizard
VU " Ale
Australia
Delma labialis
Striped Tailed Delma
VU '" AIc+2c,Bl+2c
Australia
Delma torquata
Collared Delma
VU " Alc+2c
Australia
Ophidiocephalus taeniatus
Bronzeback Snake-lizard
VU '* Alac, Bl+2c
Australia
Paradelma orientalis
Brigalow Scaly-foot
VU » Alc+2c
AusU-alia
Family SCCMCBDAE
Acanthiops lineatus
Woodbush Legless Skink
VU '« A2c
South Africa
Anomalopus mackayi
Long-legged Worm-skink
VU '" Ale, Bl+2c
Australia
Ctenotus lancelini
Lancelin Island Skink
VU " D2
Australia
Ctenotus zastictus
Hamelin Ctenotus
VU '" D2
Australia
Cyclodina alani
Robust Skink
VU " Dl+2
New Zealand
Cyclodina macgregori
MacGregor's Skink
VU '" D2
New Zealand
Cyclodina whitakeri
Whitaker's Skink
VU " Dl+2
New Zealand
Egernia kintorei
Great Desert Skink
VU '- Ale
Australia
Eulamprus leuraensis
Blue Mountain Water Skink
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Eumeces longirostris
Bermuda Rock Skink
CR " BI+2bcde
Bermuda
Leiolopisma telfairii
Round Island Skink
VU "» D2
Mauritius
Lerista allanae
Allan's Lerista
CR " Ale, Bl+2c
Australia
Lerista vittata
Mount Cooper Striped Lerista
EN " Ale, Bl+2c
Australia
Neoseps reynoldsi
Sand Skink
VU " A2ce
USA
Niveoscincus palfreymani
Pedra Branca Skink
VU " D2
Australia
Oligosoma grande
Grand Skink
VU '" C2a
New Zealand
Oligosoma homalonotum
Chevron Skink
VU " D2
New Zealand
60
Reptiles
^
Oligosoma lichenigera
Lord Howe Island Skink
VU '" B1+2C, D2
Australia, Norfolk Island
Oligosoma microlepis
Small-scaled Skink
VU '" Bl+2bcd
New Zealand
Oligosoma otagense
Otago Skink
VU '" C2a
New Zealand
Oligosoma striatum
Striped Skink
VU '* Bl+2bcd
New Zealand
Oligosoma waimatense
Scree Skink
VU " Bl+2bd
New Zealand
Scelotes guentheri
Giinther's Dwarf Burrowing Skink
VU '»' A2c
South Africa
Scelotes kasneri
Kasner's Dwarf Burrowing Skink
VU "« A2c
South Africa
Tiliqua adelaidensis
Pygmy Bluetongue
EN " B1+2C
Australia
Typhlosaurus lomii
Lomi's Blind Legless Skink
VU '« A2c
South Africa
Family TEIffiAE
Ameiva polops
Saint Croix Ground Lizard
CR ™ Bl+2ae
Virgin Islands (US)
Cnemidophorus vanzoi
St Lucia Whiptail
VU " D2
St Lucia
Family VARANIDAE
Varanus komodoensis
Komodo Dragon
VU "« Bl+2cde
Indonesia
Varanus olivaceus
Gray's Monitor
VU '" Ale
Philippines
Family XANTUSIIDAE
Xantusia riversiana
Island Night Lizard
VU " D2
USA
Order SERPENTES
Family BOIDAE
Acrantophis dumerili
Dumeril's Boa
VU "* Alcd
Madagascar, Reunion? [int]
Acrantophis madagascariensis
Madagascar Boa
VU "* Alcd
Madagascar
Aspidites ramsayi
Woma
EN " Ale
Australia
Casarea dussumieri
Round Island Keel-scaled Boa
EN "* Dl
Mauritius
Epicrates subflavus
Jamaican Boa
VU " A2ce
Jamaica
Sanzinia madagascariensis
Madagascar Tree Boa
VU "» Alcd
Madagascar
Family COLUBRIDAE
Achalinus werneri
Amami Takachiho Snake
VU '" B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Adelphicos daryi
EN '» Bl+2c
Guatemala
Alsophis antiguae
Antiguan Racer
CR " C2b,Dl
Antigua and Barbuda
Alsophis ater
Black Racer
CR '* Bl+2ce
Jamaica
Alsophis rijersmai
Leeward Island Racer
EN " A2ce, Bl+2ce
Anguilla, Guadeloupe (St
Barth^lemy, St Martin), Netherlands
Antilles
Alsophis rufiventris
Red-bellied Racer
EN " Bl+2ce
Netherlands Antilles, St Kitts and
Nevis (ex)
Chironius vincenti
St Vincent Blacksnake
CR '« Bl+2ac
St Vincent
Coluber cypriensis
EN »' C2a, Dl
Cyprus
Coluber gyorensis
CR " Dl
Greece
Iguanognathus werneri
VU "" D2
Indonesia
Lamprophis fiskii
Fisk's House Snake
VU "« A2cd, Bl+2c
South Africa
Liophis cursor
CR " Bl+2e,C2b, Dl
Martinique
Liophis omatus
St Lucia Racer
EN « Dl
St Lucia
Liophis perfuscus
Barbados Racer
EN " C2b
Barbados
Natrix megalocephala
Large-headed Water Snake
VU « Aid, CI
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, Turkey
Opisthotropis kikuzatoi
Kikuzato's Brook Snake
CR '»' Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Thamnophis gigas
Giant Garter Snake
VU " Alcde+2cde
USA
Thermophis baileyi
VU '»' D2
China
Family ELAPIDAE
Austrelaps labialis
Pygmy Copperhead
VU " Bl+2c
Australia
61
Threatened Species
Denisonia maculata
Ornamental Snake
VU " Alc+2c
Australia
Echiopsis atriceps
Lake Cronin Snake
VU » D2
Australia
Echiopsis curta
VU '- B1+2C
Australia
Furina dunmalli
Dunmall's Snake
VU '* Alc+2c
Australia
Hoplocephalus bungaroides
Broad-headed Snake
VU " B1+2C
Australia
Ogmodon vitianus
Fiji Snake
VU " Bl+2c, D2
Fiji
Family HYDROPHimAE
Laticauda crockeri
VU '* Bl+2c,D2
Solomon Islands
[L. Te-Nggana]
Family TYPHLOPIDAE
Ramphotyphlops exocoeti
Christmas Island Blind Snake
VU '" D2
Christmas Island
Typhlops monensis
Mona Blind Snake
EN '" Dl
Puerto Rico
Family VIPERBDAE
Bids inornata
Plain Mountain Adder
VU '«' A2cd, Bl+2ab
South Africa
Bids schneideri
Namaqua Dwarf Adder
VU '" A2cd
Namibia, South Africa
Bothrops insularis
Golden Lancehead
OR '"« A2d
Brazil
Crotalus unicolor
Aruba Island Rattlesnake
CR '-■■ C2b
Aruba
Macrovipera schweizeri
Cyclades Blunt-nosed Viper
CR " A 1 bcd-l-2bcd, B 1 +2bce, C2a
Greece
Trimeresurus mangshanensis
VU '" D2
China
Vipera albizona
EN " Bl+2e,C2a
Turkey
Vipera bornmuelleri
VU "" B1-H2C
Lebanon, Syria
Vipera bulgardaghica
CR " Bl+2e, C2a
Turkey
Vipera darevskii
CR « C2b
Armenia, Georgia
Vipera dinniki
VU " Cl-f2a
Georgia, Russia
Vipera kaznakovi
Caucasian Viper
EN " Alcd-i-2cd
Georgia, Russia, Turkey
Vipera latifii
Latifi's Viper
VU '«' B1+2C
Iran
Vipera pontica
CR "' C2ab, Dl
Georgia?, Turkey
Vipera ursinii
EN " Alc+2c
Austria?, France, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine
Vipera wagneri
EN" Ald-i-2d, Bl-i-2e, CI
Iran, Turkey
Order TESTUDINES
Family CARETTOCHELYIDAE
Carettochelys insculpla
Pig-nose Turtle
VU '™ Albd
Australia, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea
Family CHELIDAE
Acanthochelys chacoensis
Chaco Swamp Turtle
VU '" Bl-H2a
Argentina
Acanthochelys pallidipectoris
Chaco Side-necked Turtle
VU '" Ale, Dl
Argentina, Bolivia?, Paraguay
Chelodina mccordi
Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle
VU '" D2
Indonesia
Ch elodina parkeri
Parker's Snake-necked Turtle
VU "* D2
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Chelodina pritchardi
Pritchard's Snake-necked Turtle
VU '"> D2
Papua New Guinea
Elseya sp. 1
Namoi River Snapping Turtle
EN "» Bl+2c
Australia
[R. Darling]
Elusor macrurus
Mary River Turtle
EN '" B1-H2C
Australia
[R. Mary]
Hydromedusa maximiliani
Brazilian Snake-necked Turtle
VU "<• Bl+2cd
Brazil
Phrynops dahli
Dahl's Toad-headed Turtle
CR "" Bl-h2c
Colombia
Phrynops hogei
Hoge's Sideneck Turtle
EN "' B1-I-2C
Brazil
Phrynops zuliae
Zulia Toad-headed Turtle
VU '" B1-H2C
Venezuela
Pseudemydura umbrina
Western Swamp Turtle
CR "' Ale, Bl-f2c,Cl+2b, Dl
Australia
Rheodytes leukops
Fitzroy River Turtle
VU " A1c-h2c, D2
Australia
Family CHELONIIDAE
Caretta caretta
Loggerhead
EN "" Alabd
Angola?, Australia, Bahamas,
Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Cape
Verde?, Cayman Islands, China,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Egypt,
Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India?,
Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Libya, Madagascar, Mexico,
62
Reptiles
&S
Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique,
Myanmar?, Namibia, New
Caledonia, Nicaragua, Oman,
Panama, Papua New Guinea?,
Philippines, Puerto Rico, Senegal,
South Africa, Sri Lanka, St Lucia,
Turkey, Turks and Caicos Islands,
USA, Venezuela, Virgin Islands
(British)
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Indian Ocean
(eastem, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Chelonia mydas
Green Turtle
EN "» Alabd
American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla,
Antigua and Barbuda, Australia,
Bahamas?, Bangladesh, Belize,
Benin?, Brazil, British Indian Ocean
Territory, Cambodia?, Cameroon?,
Cape Verde?, Chile?, China,
Colombia, Comoros, Congo?, Cook
Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'lvoire?,
Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti?, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador
(Galapagos Is), Egypt, El Salvador,
Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Federated
States of Micronesia, Fiji, French
Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon?,
Ghana?, Grenada, Guadeloupe?,
Guam, Guatemala, Guinea?,
Guinea-Bissau?, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras?, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Israel (ex?), Jamaica, Japan, Kenya,
Kiribati, Kuwait, Liberia?,
Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives,
Marshall Islands, Martinique,
Mauritania, Mauritius (St Brandon),
Mayotte, Mexico, Montserrat?,
Mozambique, Myanmar, Netherlands
Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua,
Nigeria?, Nine, Northern Marianas,
Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama,
Papua New Guinea, Peru,
Philippines, Puerto Rico, Qatar?,
Reunion (Europa, lies Glorieuses,
Juan de Nova, Tromelin), Sao Tome
& Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, St
Helena (Ascension), St Kitts and
Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent, Sudan?,
Suriname, Taiwan?, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo?, Tokelau, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turks
and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, US
Minor Pacific Islands (Line Is),
USA, United Arab Emirates,
Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viet Nam,
Virgin Islands (British), Virgin
Islands (US), Western Sahara?,
Westem Samoa?, Yemen, Zaire?
[Atlantic (eastem central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
westem central), Indian Ocean
(eastem, westem), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem
central, northwest, southwest,
westem central)]
Eretmochelys imbricata
Hawksbill Turtle
OR "» Alabd-l-2bcd
American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua
and Barbuda, Aruba, Australia,
Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belize, Brazil, British Indian Ocean
Territory, Cambodia, Cameroon?,
Cape Verde?, China?, Colombia,
Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica,
Cote d'lvoire?, Cuba, Djibouti?,
Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador?,
Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Federated
States of Micronesia, Fiji, French
Guiana, French Polynesia?, Gabon?,
Ghana?, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guam, Guatemala, Guinea?,
Guinea-Bissau?, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati?,
Kuwait?, Madagascar, Malaysia,
Maldives, Marshall Islands,
Martinique, Mauritania?, Mayotte,
Mexico, Montserrat, Mozambique,
Myanmar, Netherlands Antilles, New
Caledonia?, Nicaragua, Nigeria?,
Northern Marianas?, Oman, Palau,
Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Puerto Rico, Qatar,
Reunion (lies Glorieuses), Sao Tome
& Principe?, Saudi Arabia, Senegal?,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, St Kitts
and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent,
Sudan, Suriname, Taiwan?,
Tanzania, Thailand, Tokelau,
Tonga?, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks
and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu?, US
Minor Pacific Islands?, USA, United
Arab Emirates?, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Viet Nam?, Virgin
Islands (British), Virgin Islands
(US), Westem Sahara?, Westem
Samoa, Yemen
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
westem central), Indian Ocean
(eastem, westem), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem
central, northwest, southeast,
southwest, westem central)]
Lepidochelys kempii
Kemp's Ridley
CR '" Alab
Mexico, USA [int]
[Atlantic (eastem central, northeast,
northwest, westem central)]
Lepidochelys olivacea
Olive Ridley
EN "» Alabd
Angola, Australia, Bangladesh,
Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador,
French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico,
Mozambique, Myanmar, Nicaragua,
Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua
New Guinea, Peru, Senegal, South
Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname,
Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and
Tobago, Venezuela
(Atlantic (eastem central, southeast,
southwest, westem central), Indian
Ocean (eastem, western), Pacific
(eastem central, southeast,
southwest, western central)]
Natator depressus
Flatback
VU "» A2cde
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific
(southwest, westem central)]
Family CHELYDRmAE
Macroclemys temminckii
Alligator Snapping Turtle
VU "" A led
USA
Family DERMATEMYDmAE
Dermatemys mawii
Central American River Turtle
EN "" Alabcd■^2bcd,Bl+2cde
Belize, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico
Family DERMOCHELYIDAE
Dermochelys coriacea
Leatherback
EN "» Alabd
Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Australia, Brazil,
Colombia?, Costa Rica, Cote
d'lvoire, Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Fiji, French Guiana,
Ghana, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras,
India, Indonesia, Israel (ex?),
Liberia, Malaysia, Martinique,
Mexico, Montserrat, Mozambique,
Myanmar, Netherlands Antilles,
Nicaragua, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Peru?, Puerto Rico, Senegal,
63
Threatened Species
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri
Lanka, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia,
St Vincent, Suriname, Thailand,
Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, USA,
Venezuela?, Virgin Islands (British),
Virgin Islands (US), Zaire
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Indian Ocean
(eastern, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Family EMYDmAE
Batagur baska
River Terrapin
EN "' Albcd
Bangladesh, Cambodia?, India,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Singapore?, Thailand, Viet Nam?
Callagur borneoensis
Painted Terrapin
CR "' Albcd
Brunei?, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand
Clemmys guttata
Spotted Turtle
VU '^' Alcd+2cd
Canada, USA
Clemmys insculpta
Wood Turtle
VU "" Alabcd+2cd
Canada, USA
Clemmys marmorata
Pacific Pond Turtle
VU ■"■ A led
Canada (ex), Mexico, USA
Clemmys muhlenbergii
Bog Turtle
EN "' Alcd+2cd
USA
Cuora flavomarginata
Yellow-margined Box Turtle
VU "<• A2c
China, Japan (Nansei-shoto), Taiwan
Cuora trifasciata
Chinese Three-striped Box Turtle
EN '™ A2d
China, Laos?, Myanmar?, Viet Nam
Geoemyda depressa
Arakan Forest Turtle
CR '" A2cd, Bl+2c
Myanmar
Geoemyda japonica
Ryukyu Leaf Turtle
EN '" Ale, Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Geoemyda leytensis
Philippine Pond Turtle
EN '" Bl+2c
Philippines
Geoemyda silvatica
Cochin Forest Cane Turtle
EN '" Bl+2c
India
Graptemys caglei
Cagle's Map Turtle
VU '" Ale, Bl+2c
USA
[R. Guadelupe-San Antonio]
Graptemys Jlavimaculata
Yellow-blotched Map Turtle
EN "" Bl+2c
USA
[R. Pascagoula]
Graptemys oculifera
Ringed Map Turtle
EN "" Bl+2c
USA
[R. Pearl]
Heosemys spinosa
Spiny Turtle
VU '™ Albd
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar?, Thailand
Hieremys annandalii
Yellow-headed Temple Turtle
VU '" Alacd+2cd
Cambodia, Malaysia?, Myanmar?,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Kachuga kachuga
Red-crowned Roofed Turtle
EN "' A led
Bangladesh, India, Nepal
Kachuga trivittata
Burmese Roofed Turtle
EN "" Ale
Myanmar
Melanochelys tricarinata
Three-keeled Land Tortoise
VU "" B1-I-2C
Bangladesh, India, Nepal?
Pseudemys alabamensis
Alabama Red-bellied Turtle
EN '" Bl+2c
USA
[Mobile Bay]
Rhinoclemmys rubida
Mexican Spotted Wood Turtle
VU "« B1-H2C
Mexico
Sacalia bealei
Beal's-eyed Turtle
VU "<■ B1+2C
China, Hong Kong
Sacalia quadriocellata
Four-eyed Turtle
VU '"■ B1+2C
China, Viet Nam
Terrapene coahuila
Aquatic Box Turtle
EN ™ Alacd,Bl-i-2cd
Mexico
[Cuatro Cienegas basin]
Trachemys aduitrix
Carvalho's Slider
EN "' B1-H2C
Brazil
Trachemys decorata
Hispaniolan Slider
VU '" B1+2C
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Trachemys gaigeae
Big Bend Slider
VU ''' Alc,D2
Mexico, USA
Trachemys terrapen
Jamaican Slider
VU "» B1-H2C
Bahamas [int], Jamaica
Family KINOSTERNmAE
Kinostemon angustipons
Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle
VU '" B1+2C
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama
Kinostemon dunni
Dunn's Mud Turtle
VU '" B1-H2C
Colombia
Kinostemon sonoriense
Sonera Mud Turtle
VU '" Ale
Mexico, USA
Sternotherus depressus
Flattened Musk Turtle
VU "' B1-H2C
USA
[R. Black Warrior]
Family PELOMEDUSmAE
Erymnochelys madagascariensis
Madagascan Big-headed Turtle
EN '™ Alcd-H2d
Madagascar
Peltocephalus dumerilianus
Big-headed Amazon River Turtle
VU "<• Alacd
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French
Guiana, Guyana?, Peru, Venezuela
64
Reptiles
^
Pelusios broadleyi
Turkana Mud Turtle
VU "' D2
Kenya
[L. Turkana]
Pelusios seychellensis
Seychelles Mud Turtle
VU '" D2
Seychelles
Podocnemis erythrocephala
Red-headed River Turtle
VU "» Albd
Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
Podocnemis lewyana
Magdalena River Turtle
EN "' Albd
Colombia
[Rio Magdalena basin]
Podocnemis sextuberculata
Six-tubercled River Turtle
VU '" Alacd
Brazil, Colombia, Peru
Podocnemis unifilis
Yellow-spotted River Turtle
VU '"■ Alacd
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guyana, Peru,
Suriname, Venezuela
Family TESTUDINIDAE
Geochelone chilensis
Argentine Tortoise
VU ™ A led
Argentina, Paraguay
Geochelone denticulata
South American Yellow-footed
Tortoise
VU "<■ Alcd+2cd
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French
Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Geochelone gigantea
Aldabra Giant Tortoise
VU '" D2
Seychelles
Geochelone nigra
Galapagos Giant Tortoise
VU ™ A2c, Bl+2c
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone platynota
Burmese Starred Tortoise
CR "» Alcd+2cd, C2a
Myanmar
Geochelone radiata
Radiated Tortoise
VU '" Alacd+2cd, Bl+2abc
Madagascar, Mauritius [int],
Reunion [int]
Geochelone sulcata
African Spurred Tortoise
VU "" A led
Chad, Egypt?, Eritrea?, Ethiopia,
Mali, Mauritania. Niger?, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sudan
Geochelone yniphora
Madagascar Tortoise
EN "« Ale, Bl+2cd
Madagascar
Gopherus agassizii
Desert Tortoise
VU '" Alacde+2cde, E
Mexico, USA
Gopherus flavomarginatus
Bolson Tortoise
VU "' Aid, Bl+2bc, CI
Mexico
Gopherus polyphemus
Gopher Tortoise
VU '" Alacde
USA
Homopus bergeri
Berger's Cape Tortoise
VU '° C2a
Namibia
Indotestudo elongata
Elongated Tortoise
VU '"■ Alacd
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Indotestudo forstenii
Travancore Tortoise
VU '" A led
India, Indonesia
Malacochersus tomieri
Pancake Tortoise
VU '" Albd
Kenya, Tanzania
Manouria emys
Asian Giant Tortoise
VU "' Alcd
Bangladesh, Cambodia?, China?,
India, Indonesia, Laos?, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam?
Manouria impressa
Impressed Tortoise
VU ™ Alacd, Bl+2acd
Cambodia?, China?, Laos?,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Psammobates geometricus
Geometric Tortoise
EN ™ Alac, Bl+2c
South Africa
Pyxis arachnoides
Spider Tortoise
VU '" Bl+2abcd
Madagascar
Pyxis planicauda
Madagascar Flat-shelled Tortoise
EN '" Alcd, Bl+2bcd
Madagascar
Testudo graeca
Spur-thighed Tortoise
VU '"■ Alcd
Albania, Algeria, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Egypt, France
[int], Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Italy [int], Jordan, Lebanon,
Libya, Macedonia, Moldova,
Morocco, Romania, Russia, Spain,
Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Testudo horsfieldii
Central Asian Tortoise
VU '" A2d
Afghanistan, Armenia?, Azerbaijan,
China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Russia?, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan
Testudo kleinmanni
Egyptian Tortoise
EN '" A 1 abed
Egypt, Israel, Libya
Family TRIONYCHIDAE
Amyda cartilaginea
Asiatic Softshell Turtle
VU '" Alcd+2cd
Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Apalone ater
Cuatro Cienegas Softshell
CR '" Alace, Bl+2c
Mexico
Aspideretes nigricans
Black Soft-shell Turtle
CR "' Bl+2a
Bangladesh
Chitra chitra
Striped Narrow-headed Softshell
Turtle
CR "" Alcd, B1+2C
Thailand
[R. Mae Khlong]
Chitra indica
Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle
VU "' Alcd
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar,
Pakistan
[R. Indus]
65
Threatened Species
Nilssonia formosa
Burmese Peacock Softshell
VU "« Alacd+2cd, Bl+2c
Myanmar, Thailand?
Pelochelys bibroni
Asian Giant Softshell Turtle
VU '"■ Alcd
Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua
New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Pelochelys cantorii
Cantor's Giant Softshell
VU "' Alcd+2cd
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Rafetus euphraticus
Euphrates Softshell Turtle
EN " Alac+2c
Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey
Class AMPHIBIA
Order ANURA
Family BUFONIDAE
Bufo amatolica
Amatola Toad
VU "" A2ce
South Africa
Bufo boreas
EN "" Alee
Canada, Mexico, USA
Bufo canorus
Yosemite Toad
EN '" Ala, B2be+3b
USA
Bufo exsul
Black Toad
VU " D2
USA
Bufo houstonensis
Houston Toad
EN " C2a
USA
Bufo nelsoni
Amargosa Toad
EN '" AIace,Bl+2abcd
USA
Bufo periglenes
Golden Toad
CR '" Bl+2ce+3b
Costa Rica
Nectophrynoides occidentalis
Mt Nimba Viviparous Toad
EN '" Bl+2c
Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia?
Pedostibes kempi
Garo Hill Tree Toad
VU '»' D2
India
Pedostibes tuberculosus
Malabar Tree Toad
VU '" Bl+2c
India
Peltophryne lemur
Puerto Rican Crested Toad
VU '" Alace, B2c+3b
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British)
Family DISCOGLOSSIDAE
Alytes dickhilleni
VU " BI+2cd
Spain
Alytes muletensis
Ferreret
CR « Bl+2bc
Spain (Balearic Is)
Discoglossus montalentii
VU " A2c, B2c+3d, C2a
France
Family HELEOPHRVNIDAE
Heleophryne hewitti
Hewitt's Ghost Frog
EN '" Bl+2abc
South Africa
Heleophryne rosei
Table Mountain Ghost Frog
VU '" Alce+2ce, Bl+2abc, D2
South Africa
Family HYLffiAE
Hyla vasta
VU '«' Ale
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Litoria flavipunctata
Yellow-spotted Tree Frog
CR " Alac
Australia
Litoria lorica
Amoured Frog
CR " Ale
Australia
Litoria nannotis
Torrent Tree Frog
EN " Ale
Australia
Litoria nyakalensis
Nyakala Frog
CR '" Ale
Australia
Litoria pearsoniana
Pearson's Frog
VU " Alac
Australia
Litoria piperata
Peppered Tree Frog
CR " Alac
Australia
Litoria raniformis
Southern Bell Frog
EN " Alac
Australia
Litoria rheocola
Common Mistfrog
EN " Alac
Australia
Litoria spenceri
Spotted Frog
VU '* Alac
Australia
Nyctimystes dayi
Australian Lace-lid
EN '" Alac
Australia
Family HYPEROLimAE
Hyperolius pickersgilli
Pickersgill's Reed Frog
VU '"' Bl-H2abc
South Africa
Leptopelis xenodactylus
Long-toed Tree Frog
VU '" A2c
South Africa
Tachycnemis seychellensis
Seychelle Islands Tree Frog
VU '«' D2
Seychelles
Family LEIOFELMATmAE
Leiopelma hamiltoni
Hamilton's Frog
VU " D2
New Zealand
Family LEPTODACTYLIDAE
Atelognathus grandisonae
VU '" D2
Chile
Atelognathus nitoi
VU '" D2
Argentina
[Laguna Verde]
Atelognathus reverberii
VU '" Bl+2c+3b
Argentina
Atelognathus solitarius
VU "" D2
Argentina
[Las Bayas stream]
66
Amphibians
«?
Batrachophrynus macrostomus
Lake Junin Frog
VU '" A2cde
Peru
[L. Junin]
Eleutherodactylus cavernicola
VU '" D2
Jamaica
Eleutherodactylus cooki
VU '" D2
Puerto Rico
Eleutherodactylus fuscus
VU '«= Bl+2c
Jamaica
Eleutherodactylus junori
VU '"' Bl+2c
Jamaica
Eleutherodactylus karlschmidtii
CR '«' Alae
Puerto Rico
Eleutherodactylus sisyphodemus
VU '" D2
Jamaica
Eupsophus migueli
VU "« D2
Chile
Holoaden bradei
CR »° Ala
Brazil
Hylodes sazimai
VU "" A2c
Brazil
Insuetophrymus acarpicus
VU "" D2
Chile
Paratelmatobius lutzii
CR «> Ala
Brazil
Somuncuria somuncurensis
Somuncura Frog
EN '«' Bl+2bc
Argentina
Telmatobius atacamensis
EN '»' Ale
Argentina
Thoropa lutzi
CR ^ Ala
Brazil
Thoropa petropolitana
CR »° Ala
Brazil
Family MICROHYLIDAE
Breviceps gibbosus
Cape Rain Frog
VU '" A2c
South Africa
Breviceps macrops
Desert Rain Frog
VU "« A2c
Namibia?, South Africa
Dyscophus antongilii
VU "* Alcd
Madagascar
Melanobatrachus indicus
Black Microhylid
EN '" BI+2c
India
Family MYOBATRACHIDAE
Geocrinia alba
White-bellied Frog
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Geocrinia vitellina
Yellow-bellied Frog
VU " D2
Australia
Mixophyes balbus
Stuttering Frog
VU '" Ale
Australia
Mixophyes fleayi
Fleay's Frog
EN '" Alac
Australia
Mixophyes iteratus
Southern Barred Frog
EN " Alac
Australia
Philoriafrosti
Baw-baw Frog
EN " Ala
Australia
Pseudophryne corroboree
Corroboree Frog
EN '* Alac
Australia
Rheobatrachus silus
Gastric Brooding Frog
CR " Alac
Australia
Rheobatrachus vitellinus
Southern Gastric Breeding Frog
EN '* Bl-i-2be
Australia
Taudactylus acutirostris
Sharp-nosed Torrent Frog
CR " Ale
Australia
Taudactylus diurnus
Mt Glorias Torrent Frog
CR '* Dl
Australia
Taudactylus eungellensis
Eungella Torrent Frog
VU " Bl-H2e
Australia
Taudactylus liemi
Liem's Frog
VU '" Bl+2e
Australia
Taudactylus pleione
Pleione's Torrent Frog
VU " Bl+2e
Australia
Taudactylus rheophilus
Tinkling Frog
CR " Alac
Australia
Family PIPIDAE
Xenopus gilli
Cape Platanna
VU '" Alce-H2ce,Bl+2abc-H3b
South Africa
Family RANIDAE
Conraua goliath
Goliath Frog
VU '« Bl+2c
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
Mantella aurantiaca
VU '« Alcd
Madagascar
Microbatrachella capensis
Micro Frog
EN '"= Alce-H2ce, B2abc+3b
South Africa
Platymantis insulatus
VU '»' D2
Philippines
Platymantis spelaeus
VU '" D2
Philippines
Platymantis vitiensis
Fijian Ground Frog
EN " Bl+2c
Fiji
Rana cascadae
VU '" Ala
USA
Raiui holsti
Hoist's Frog
VU '" B1-H2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Rana holtzi
EN » Bl+2bc-H3d,E
Turkey
Rana ishikawae
Ishikawa's Frog
VU "" B1-H2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
67
Threatened Species
Rana muscosa
VU '" Ala
USA
Rana namiyei
Namiye's Frog
VU '" B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Rana onca
Relict Leopard Frog
VU '" Mac, Bl+2ade
USA
Rana subaspera
Otton Frog
VU '«' B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family SOOGLOSSmAE
Nesomantis thomasseti
Thomasset's Seychelles Frog
EN '»' Bl+2c
Seychelles
Sooglossus gardineri
Gardiner's Seychelles Frog
VU '" D2
Seychelles
Sooglossus sechellensis
Seychelles Frog
VU "" D2
Seychelles
Order CAUDATA
Family AMBYSTOMATmAE
Ambystoma californiense
VU '«' A2c
USA
Ambystoma cingulatum
VU "" Ale
USA
Ambystoma lermaense
Lake Lerma Salamander
CR '" Bl+2c
Mexico
[L. Lerma]
Ambystoma mexicanum
Axolotl
VU '" D2
Mexico
[L. Xochimiico]
Family CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE
Andrias japonicus
Japanese Giant Salamander
VU '" Bl+2cd
Japan
Family HYNOBiroAE
Batrachuperus gorganensis
VU "" D2
Iran
Batrachuperus mustersi
EN '"' Bl+2bc
Afghanistan
Batrachuperus persicus
VU "» D2
Iran
Hynobius abei
Abe's Salamander
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan
Hynobius dunni
Oita Salamander
VU '" A lac
Japan
Hynobius hidamontanus
Hakuba Salamander
VU '" A2c
Japan
Hynobius okiensis
Oki Salamander
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan
Hynobius takedai
Hokuriku Salamander
EN "" Bl+2c
Japan
Ranodon sibiricus
Semirechensk Salamander
VU '"' Ald+2d
China, Kazakhstan
Family PLETHODONTmAE
Batrachoseps aridus
Desert Slender Salamander
CR " A2cd
USA
Batrachoseps campi
EN "" Bl+2a
USA
Batrachoseps simatus
Kern Canyon Slender Salamander
VU " D2
USA
Batrachoseps stebbinsi
Tehachapi Slender Salamander
VU " D2
USA
Eurycea nana
San Marcos Salamander
VU " D2
USA
Eurycea tridentifera
VU '" D2
USA
Hydromantes brunus
Limestone Salamander
VU ^' D2
USA
Hydromantes shastae
Shasta Salamander
VU " D2
USA
Phaeognathus hubrichti
Red Hills Salamander
EN " B1+2C
USA
Plethodon hubrichti
VU "" D2
USA
Plethodon neomexicanus
Jemez Mountains Salamander
EN " Bl+2c
USA
Plethodon nettingi
Cheat Mountain Salamander
VU " D2
USA
Plethodon shenandoah
Shenandoah Salamander
EN '" Bl+2c
USA
Plethodon stormi
Siskiyou Mts Salamander
VU " D2
USA
Speleomantes Jlavus
VU " C2b, D2
Italy
Typhlomolge rathbuni
Texas Blind Salamander
VU "« D2
USA
Family PROTEIDAE
Proteus anguinus
Olm
VU " Bl+2bc, C2a
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
France [int], Italy, Slovenia
Family SALAMANDRTOAE
Chioglossa lusitanica
Gold-striped Salamander
VU « A2c
Portugal, Spain
Euproctus platycephalus
Sardinian Brook Salamander
CR " Alac, Bl+2bcd
Italy
Mertensiella luschani
Lycian Salamander
VU " Bl+2cde
Greece, Turkey
Paramesotriton deloustali
Vietnamese Salamander
VU "» D2
Viet Nam
68
Fishes: sharks, rays
Salamandra lanzai
Large Alpine Salamander
VU «' C2a
Italy
The following four Classes include
fishes. Most species listed are
non-marine. The marine fish listings
below represent the first attempt to
interpret the conservation status of
marine fishes according to the new
lUCN Red List criteria. These criteria
require further evaluation in order to
assess how well they reflect extinction
risk in marine fishes.
Class
CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
Order
PETROMYZONTIFORMES
Family PETROMYZONTIDAE
Eudontomyzon hellenicus
Greek Brook Lamprey
VU '" A2ce, Bl+2c
Greece
Lethenteron zanandreai
Lombardy Brook Lamprey
EN '«' B1+2C
Croatia?, Italy, Slovenia
Mordacia praecox
Non-parasitic Lamprey
VU "' D2
Australia
Class ELASMOBRANCHII
Order HEXANCHEFORMES
Family HEXANCHTOAE
Hexanchus griseus
Bluntnose Sixgill Shark
VU " Ald+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Indian Ocean
(eastern, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest)]
Order LAMNIFORMES
Family ODONTASPIDIDAE
Carcharias taurus
Sand tiger Shark
EN '" Alab+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central), Indian Ocean (eastern,
western), Mediterranean and Black
Sea, Pacific (northwest, southwest,
western central)]
Family LAMNIDAE
Carcharodon carcharias
Great White Shark
VU *« Albcd+2cd
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Indian Ocean
(eastern, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Lamna nasus
Porbeagle
VU •" Albd+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, western
central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern, western), Mediterranean and
Black Sea, Pacific (southeast,
southwest)]
Family CETORHEVIDAE
Cetorhinus maximus
Basking Shark
VU " Alad+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest), Indian Ocean
(eastern), Mediterranean and Black
Sea, Pacific (eastern central,
northeast, northwest, southeast,
southwest)]
Order CARCHARINIFORMES
Family CARCHARHINIDAE
Carcharhinus limbatus
Blacktip Shark
VU "' Albd+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central), Indian Ocean (eastern,
western), Mediterranean and Black
Sea, Pacific (eastern central,
northwest, southeast, western
central)]
Carcharhinus obscurus
Dusky Shark
EN '" Ald+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central), Indian Ocean (eastern,
western), Mediterranean and Black
Sea, Pacific (eastern central,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central)]
Carcharhinus plumbeus
Sandbar Shark
VU " Albd+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Indian Ocean
(eastern, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern
central, northwest, western central)]
Glyphis gangettcus
Ganges Shark
CR "■ Albcde+2cde, C2b
India, Pakistan?
[R. Ganges (R. Hooghly)]
Order SQUALIFORMES
Family SQUALffiAE
Dalatias licha
Kitefin Shark
VU " Ald+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, western
central), Indian Ocean (eastern,
western), Mediterranean and Black
Sea, Pacific (eastern central,
northwest, southwest, western
central)]
Order PRISTIFORMES
Family PRISTIDAE
Pristis microdon
Freshwater Sawfish
EN * Albcd+2cd
Australia, India, Indonesia, Papua
New Guinea, South Africa, Thailand
[Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific
(westem central)]
Pristis pectinata
Smalltooth Sawfish
EN ™ Albcd+2cd
[Atlantic (southwest, westem
central), Indian Ocean (eastern,
western)]
Pristis perotteti
Largetooth Sawfish
EN » Albcd-i-2cd
Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador,
Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mali, Nicaragua, Panama,
Senegal
[Atlantic (northeast, westem central,
eastem central, southwest),
Mediterranean and Black Sea,
Pacific (eastem central, southeast)]
69
Threatened Species
Pristis pristis
Common Sawfish
EN "* Albcd+2cd
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
southeast), Mediterranean and Black
Sea]
Order MYLIOBATIFORMES
Family DASYATIDAE
Himantura chaophraya
Giant Freshwater Stingray
EN " Albcde+2cde
Australia, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea, Thailand
[R. Fly, R. Mahakam]
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order ACIPENSERIFORMES
Family ACIPENSERroAE
Acipenser baerii
Siberian Sturgeon
VU "° A2d
Russia
Acipenser brevirostrum
Shortnose Sturgeon
VU ™ Alc,Bl+2cd
Canada, USA
Acipenser dabryanus
Yangtze Sturgeon
CR '™ Alacd+2cd
China
[R. Yangtze]
Acipenser fulvescens
Lake Sturgeon
VU '™ Alad+2d
Canada, USA
Acipenser guldenstaedti
Russian Sturgeon
EN "" A2d
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Turkey?, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Acipenser medirostris
Green Sturgeon
VU '™ A lac
Canada, USA
Acipenser mikadoi
Sakhalin Sturgeon
EN '™ CI
Japan, Russia
Acipenser naccarii
Adriatic Sturgeon
VU '™ A lac
Albania (ex), Croatia, Italy,
Yugoslavia (ex)
[R. Po]
[L. Skadar]
Acipenser nudiventris
Ship Sturgeon
EN "» Alacde+2d
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Iran,
Kazakhstan (ex), Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan (ex)
[R. Danube]
Acipenser persicus
Persian Sturgeon
EN '™ A2d
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia,
Turkey
Acipenser ruthenus
Sterlet
VU '™ Ale
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary,
Kazakhstan (ex?), Latvia, Lithuania,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Acipenser schrencki
Amur Sturgeon
EN "" A2d
China, Russia
[R. Amur]
Acipenser sinensis
Chinese Sturgeon
EN '™ A2cd
China
[R. Pearl, R. Yangtze]
Acipenser stellatus
Stellate Sturgeon
EN '™ A2d
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia,
Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Moldova, Romania, Russia,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Acipenser sturio
Common Sturgeon
CR '™ A2d,Dl
Albania, Algeria (ex?), Belgium
(ex?), Estonia (ex?), Finland (ex?),
France, Georgia, Germany (ex?),
Greece (ex?), Hungary (ex?), Ireland
(ex?), Italy (ex?), Morocco (ex?),
Netherlands, Norway (ex?), Poland
(ex?), Portugal (ex?), Romania (ex?),
Russia (ex?), Spain, Sweden (ex?),
Switzerland (ex?), Turkey, Ukraine
(ex?). United Kingdom, Yugoslavia
(ex?)
Huso dauricus
Kaluga
EN '™ Alacde+2d
China, Russia
[R. Amur]
Huso huso
Beluga
EN '™ A2d
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Hungary, Iran,
Italy (ex), Kazakhstan, Moldova,
Romania, Russia, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Pseudoscaphirhynchusfedtschenkoi
Syr-Dar Shovelnose Sturgeon
CR '™ Alae,Dl
Kazakhstan
[R. Syr Darya]
Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni
Small Amu-Dar Shovelnose Sturgeon
CR '™ Alae,Dl
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
[R. Amu Darya]
Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni
Large Amu-Dar Shovelnose Sturgeon
EN '™ Alacd
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
[R. Amu Darya]
Scaphirhynchus albus
Pallid Sturgeon
EN ■™ DI
USA
[R. Missouri-Mississippi]
Scaphirhynchus platorynchus
Shovelnose Sturgeon
VU '™ Alacd+2d
USA
[R. Missouri-Mississippi]
Scaphirhynchus suttkusi
Alabama Sturgeon
CR '" Alc-H2cd, D1,E
USA
[Mobile Bay]
Family POLYODONTIDAE
Polyodon spathula
Paddlefish
VU '™ C2b
USA
[R. Mississippi]
Psephurus gladius
Chinese Paddlefish
CR ■'» A2cd
China
[R. Yangtze]
Order OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES
Family OSTEOGLOSSroAE
Scleropages formosus
Asian Bonytongue
EN "" Alcd+2cd
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Viet Nam
70
Fishes: bony fishes
Order CLUPEIFORMES
Family CLUPEffiAE
Alosa alabamae
Alabama Shad
EN " Bl+2e
USA
Alosa macedonia
Liparia
VU "" D2
Greece
[L. Volvi]
Jenkinsia parvula
Venezuelan Herring
VU ' D2
Venezuela
[Atlantic (western central)]
Tenualosa thibaudeaui
EN ™ Ala
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPRINmAE
Acheilognathus elongatus
EN '"' Bl+2c
China
[L. Dianchi]
Acheilognathus longipinnis
Itasenpara Bitterling
VU "" Alace, BI+2c
Japan
Alburnus akili
Gokce Baligi
VU '" A2de
Turkey
Alburnus albidus
Italian Bleak
VU '" Alace
Croatia, Italy, Turkey?
Anabarilius polylepis
EN ">' Bl+2c
China
[L. Dianchi]
Anaecypris hispanica
EN "" Alace, Bl+2c
Portugal, Spain
Aulopyge hugeli
Dalmatian Barbel-gudgeon
VU '" Alacde+2ce
Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Croatia
Balantiocheilos melanopterus
Silver Shark
EN '"' A lac
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
Barbopsis devecchi
VU "» D2
Somalia
Barbus andrewi
Cape Whitefish
VU "« Alcde
South Africa
Barbus brevipinnis
Shortfin Barb
VU "» Ale
Mozambique, South Africa
Barbus calidus
Clanwilliam Redfm
EN "» Bl+2ac
South Africa
Barbus capensis
Clanwilliam Yellowfish
VU "" Alee
South Africa
Barbus comizo
Iberian Barbel
VU '«= A2ce
Portugal, Spain
Barbus erubescens
Twee River Redfm
CR "» B2ae+3a,E
South Africa
Barbus euboicus
Petropsaro
CR '" A2c, B2c+3a
Greece
[Manikiotiko Stream]
Barbus guiraonis
Barbo Mediterraneo
VU '" A2ce
Spain
Barbus haasi
Barbo de Cola Roja
VU "" A2ce
Spain
Barbus kimberleyensis
Largemouth Yellowfish
VU "» Ale
South Africa
Barbus microcephalus
VU '" A2ce
Portugal, Spain
Barbus motebensis
Marico Barb
VU "" Ale
South Africa
Barbus prespensis
Briana
VU '" A2c
Albania, Greece, Macedonia?
Barbus serra
Sawfm
EN "« Bl+2abde,Cl
South Africa
Barbus steindachneri
VU '»' A2ce
Portugal
[R. Guadiana]
Barbus trevelyani
Border Barb
CR "» Ale
South Africa
Caecobarbus geertsi
African Blind Barb Fish
VU '«' Ale, Bl+2e, D2
Zaire
Caecocypris basimi
VU "« D2
Iraq
Cephalakompsus pachycheilus
CR '»' Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Chela caeruleostigmata
CR '»' Ale
Cambodia, Thailand
Chondrostoma holmwoodii
VU '"' A2e
Turkey
Chondrostoma lusitanicum
Boga-Portuguesa
VU '" A2ce
Portugal
Chondrostoma scodrensis
CR "" Ala, BI+2e
Albania, Yugoslavia
[L. Skadar]
Cyprinella alvarezdelvillari
CR " Alace, Bl+2c,C2b
Mexico
Cyprinella bocagrande
Sardinita Bocagrande
CR "' A2e, C2b
Mexico
Cyprinella caerulea
Blue Shiner
VU " Bl+2ac
USA
Cyprinella formosa
Beautiful Shiner
VU " B2c+3c
Mexico, USA
Cyprinella panarcys
Conchos Shiner
EN'' Alace, E
Mexico
Cyprinella proserpina
Proserpine Shiner
VU "' Bl+2c, D2
Mexico, USA
[Rio San Carlos]
71
Threatened Species
Cyprinella santamariae
Sardinita de Santa Maria
VU " A 1 c+2c, B 1 +2c, C2b, D2
Mexico
Cyprinella xanthicara
Cuatro Cienegas Shiner
EN « A2ce
Mexico
Cyprinus micristius
EN '« Bl+2c
China
[L. Dianchi]
Danio pathirana
Barred Danio
CR '" B1+2C
Sri Lanka
Dionda diaboli
Devil's River Minnow
VU " Alae+2e
Mexico, USA
Dionda dichroma
Sardinita de Rio Verde
VU " Alac+2c, D2
Mexico
Dionda mandibutaris
Sardinita Quijarrona
CR "' A2ce, Bl+2abc, C2a
Mexico
Eremichthys acros
Desert Dace
VU " D2
USA
Erimystax cahni
Slender Chub
VU " Bl+2ac
USA
Garra barreimiae
VU '" D2
Oman, United Arab Emirates
Garra dunsirei
VU "" D2
Oman
Garra longipinnis
VU '«' 02
Oman
Gibbibarbus cyphotergous
VU "" 02
China
Gila alvordensis
Alvord Chub
VU " 02
USA
Gila boraxobius
Borax Lake Chub
VU " D2
USA
[R. Alvord]
Gila cypha
Humpback Chub
VU " 02
USA
[R. Colorado]
Gila ditaenia
Charalito Sonorense
VU "' A2ce, 02
Mexico, USA
Gila elegans
Bonytail Chub
EN " Bl+2ac
Mexico, USA
Gila modesta
Charalito Saltillo
CR " Alace+2ce, Bl+2ab
Mexico
Gila nigrescens
Charalito Chihuahua
CR " Alace+2ce, Bl+2abc
Mexico, USA
Gila purpurea
Yaqui Chub
VU " A2ce, Bl+2abd, 02
Mexico, USA
Gobio hettitorum
Dere Kayasi
VU '" 02
Turkey
[Gokdere Stream]
Hampala lopezi
CR '»' Ala,Bl+2a
Philippines
Hybognathus amarus
Rio Grande Minnow
EN " Bl+2acd
USA
[Rio Grande]
Iberocypris palaciosi
EN '"' Bl+2c
Spain
[R. Guadalquivir]
lotichthys phlegethontis
Least Chub
VU " Bl+2ac
USA
[R. Bonneville]
Iranocypris typhlops
VU '" 02
Iran
Labeo fisheri
Green Labeo
EN "♦ Bl+2c,C2a
Sri Lanka
Labeo lankae
CR '" Alc+2c, CI
Sri Lanka
Labeo seeberi
Clanwilliam Sandfish
CR "« A lace
South Africa
Ladigesocypris ghigii
Ghizani
VU '" A2ce
Greece, Turkey
Lepidomeda albivallis
White River Spinedace
CR " Albce
USA
[R. White]
Lepidomeda vittata
Little Colorado Spinedace
VU " 02
USA
[R. Little Colorado]
Leuciscus illyricus
VU '" Alce+2ce
Croatia
[R. Cetina]
Leuciscus keadicus
VU '»' 02
Greece
[R. Evrotas]
Leuciscus microlepis
VU '" Alace, 02
Croatia
Leuciscus polylepis
EN '" B2c+3a
Croatia
[R. Cikola]
Leuciscus svallize
VU '" A2ce,02
Croatia
Leuciscus ukliva
CR "^ Alace, Bl+2abce
Croatia
[R. Cetina]
Lythrurus snelsoni
Ouachita Mountain Shiner
VU " 02
USA
Macrhybopsis gelida
Sturgeon Chub
VU " Alc+2c
USA
Mandibularca resinus
Bagangan
CR "« Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Medafulgida
Spikedace
VU " D2
USA
' I
72
Fishes: bony fishes
Moapa coriacea
Moapa Dace
CR " Bl+2c
USA
[R. Muddy]
Neolissochilus theinemanni
VU '" D2
Indonesia
[L. Toba]
Notropis aguirrepequenoi
Sardinita del Pilon
VU « A 1 ace+2ce, B 1 +2ab, D2
Mexico
Notropis buccula
Smalleye Shiner
VU « D2
USA
[R. Brazos]
Notropis cahabae
Cahaba Shiner
CR " Bl+2cd
USA
[R. Cahaba]
Notropis imeldae
Sardinita de Rio Verde
VU « C2b, D2
Mexico
Notropis mekistocholas
Cape Fear Shiner
CR " Bl+2cd
USA
Notropis melanostomus
Blackmouth Shiner
VU " D2
USA
Notropis moralesi
Sardinita de Tepelmene
CR " C2b
Mexico
Notropis simus
Bluntnose Shiner
EN " Ale
Mexico, USA
[Rio Grande]
Onychostoma alticorps
EN ">' Alacde
Taiwan
Opsaridium peringueyi
Dwarf Sanjika
VU "" Bl+2abc,D2
South Africa
Oregonichthys crameri
Oregon Chub
VU ^' D2
USA
Ospatulus palaemophagus
EN '" Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Ospatulus truncatus
Bitungu
CR "" Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Paraphoxinus alepidotus
VU '" A2ce
Croatia
Paraphoxinus croaticus
VU "" A2ce
Croatia
Paraphoxinus ghetaldi
VU '" A2ce
Croatia
[R. Buna]
Paraphoxinus metohiensis
VU '" A2ce
Croatia
Phenacobius teretulus
Kanawha Minnow
VU " D2
USA
[R. New]
Phoxinellus anatolicus
Yag Baligi
EN "» A2e
Turkey
[L. Akgol, L. Beysehir]
Phoxinellus egridiri
Yag Baligi
CR "^ Ale
Turkey
[L. Egirdir]
Phoxinellus handlirschi
Ci9ek
CR '" Ale
Turkey
[L. Egirdir]
Phoxinus cumberlandensis
Mountain Blackside Dace
VU " D2
USA
Phreatichthys andruzzi
VU '" D2
Somalia
Plagopterus argentissimus
Woundfin
VU '' D2
USA
[R. Virgin]
Pogonichthys macrolepidotus
Sacramento Splittail
EN " Ale
USA
Poropuntius tawarensis
VU '" D2
Indonesia
\L. Tawar]
Probarbus jullieni
Ikan Temoleh
EN '»' A lac
Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Pseudobarbus asper
Smallscale Redfin
VU "» Alee
South Africa
Pseudobarbus burchelli
Burchell's Redfin
EN "» Alce+2ce, CI
South Africa
Pseudobarbus burgi
Berg River Redfm
CR "» Alce,Bl+2abce+3acd
South Africa
Pseudobarbus phlegethon
Fiery Redfin
EN "« Bl+2ac
South Africa
Pseudobarbus quathlambae
Maluti Minnow
CR "« Bl+2abcd
Lesotho
Pseudobarbus tenuis
Slender Redfin
EN "" Alce+2ce,Cl
South Africa
Pseudophoxinus beoticus
Paskoviza
EN '»' A2ce
Greece
Ptychocheilus lucius
Colorado Squawfish
VU " 02
USA
[R. Colorado]
Puntius amarus
Pait
CR '" Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Puntius bandula
CR '" Bl+2c,Cl
Sri Lanka
Puntius baoulan
Baolan
CR "» Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Puntius clemensi
Bagangan
CR '»' Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
73
Threatened Species
Fundus disa
Disa
CR '«' Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Puntius flavifuscus
Katapa-tapa
CR '" Alee
Philippines
[L Lanao]
Puntius hemictenus
VU '»' D2
Philippines
Puntius herrei
CR '»' Alee
Philippines
Puntius katalo
Katolo
CR ■»' Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Puntius lanaoensis
Kandar
CR '«' Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Puntius lindog
Lindog
VU "" A2ede
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Puntius manalak
Manalak
CR '« Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Puntius manguaoensis
VU "" D2
Philippines
Puntius martenstyni
EN '" Bl+2c
Sri Lanka
Puntius strong
Sirang
VU '»' A2cde
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Puntius speleops
VU "" D2
Thailand
Puntius tras
Tras
CR "« Alee
Philippines
\L. Lanao]
Puntius tumba
Tumba
VU '" A2cde
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Rasbora baliensis
VU '»' D2
Indonesia
[L. Bratan]
Rasbora tawarensis
VU '»' D2
Indonesia
\L. Tawar]
Rasbora wilpita
EN '" B1+2C
Sri Lanka
Relictus solitarius
Relict Dace
EN " Bl+2c
USA
Rhinichthys cobitis
Loach Minnow
VU " D2
USA
Rutilus lemmingii
VU "» A2ce
Portugal?, Spain
Rutilus macrolepidotus
Ruivaco
VU '" A2ce
Portugal
Rutilus meidingeri
EN "" Bl+2c
Austria, Germany, Slovakia
[R. Danube]
Scardinius graecus
Greek Rudd
VU '" D2
Greece
Schizothorax lepidothorax
EN '«' Alac, Bl+2e
China
[L. Fuxian]
Sinocyclocheilus anatirostris
VU '<" 02
China
Sinocyclocheilus angularis
VU '°' D2
China
Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus
VU '"' D2
China
Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus
VU '»' D2
China
Sinocyclocheilus microphthalmus
VU '»' D2
China
Spratellicypris palata
Palata
CR '«= Alee
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Tanakia tanago
Tokyo Bitterling
VU ">' Alac, Bl+2c
Japan
Tor yunnanensis
EN '" Alac, Bl+2e
China
[L. Fuxian]
Typhlobarbus nudiventris
VU '"' D2
China
Typhlogarra widdowsoni
VU '" D2
Iraq
Vimba melanops
Malamida
VU '» Alee
Greece, Macedonia?
Family COBITIDAE
Botia sidthimunki
CR "" Ale
Laos, Thailand?
Cobitis calderoni
VU '" Alace+2ce
Portugal, Spain
Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi
Spotted Loach
EN '" Bl+2c,Cl
Sri Lanka
Protocobitis typhlops
VU '»' D2
China
Fainily BALITORIDAE
Hemimyzon taitungensis
VU ■»' D2
Taiwan
Homaloptera thamicola
VU '"' D2
Thailand
Nemacheilus smithi
VU '»' D2
Iran
[Baq-e-Loveh pool]
Nemacheilus troglocataractus
VU '»' D2
Thailand
Nemacheilus tschaiyssuensis
VU ■« D2
Turkey
[Qaysuyu stream]
74
Fishes: bony fishes ^ff
Oreonectes anophthalmus
VU "" D2
China
Schistura jarutanini
VU «" D2
Thailand
Schistura oedipus
VU "" D2
Thailand
Schistura sijuensis
VU '»' D2
India
Sinogastromyzon puliensis
VU '<" D2
Taiwan
Sphaerophysa dianchiensis
VU '»' D2
China
Sundoreonectes tiomanensis
VU '"' D2
Malaysia
Triplophysa gejiuensis
VU '"' D2
China
Triplophysa xiangxensis
VU "" D2
China
Yunnanilus macrogaster
VU "" D2
China
Yunnanilus niger
VU '"' D2
China
Yunnanilus nigromaculatus
EN "" Bl+2abc
China
[L. Dianchi]
Family CATOSTOMmAE
Catostomus bemardini
Yaqui Sucker
VU ♦' Alae+2e
Mexico, USA
Catostomus cahita
Matalote Cahita
VU "' Ala,Bl+2ac
Mexico
Catostomus conchas
Matalote Conches
VU " Alab, Bl+2ac
Mexico
Catostomus leopoldi
Matalote del Bavispe
VU " Ale, Bl+2ac
Mexico
Catostomus microps
Modoc Sucker
EN " Bl+2c,Cl
USA
Catostomus santaanae
Santa Ana Sucker
VU " Bl+2c, D2
USA
Catostomus warnerensis
Warner Sucker
VU " D2
USA
[L. Warner basin]
Catostomus wigginsi
Matalote Opata
VU « Bl+2abc, D2
Mexico
Chasmistes brevirostris
Shortnose Sucker
EN '' Bl+2c
USA
Chasmistes cujus
Cui-ui
CR " Bl+2b
USA
[L. Pyramid]
Deltistes luxatus
Lost River Sucker
EN " Bl+2cd
USA
Moxostoma hubbsi
Copper Redhorse
VU " D2
Canada
Xyrauchen texanus
Razorback Sucker
EN " Albc
USA
Order CHARACIFORMES
Family CHARACffiAE
Gymnocharacinus bergi
Naked Characin
EN '»' A2ce,Bl+2c
Argentina
Order SELURITGRMES
Family DIPLOMYSTIDAE
Diplomystes chilensis
ToUo de Agua Dulce
EN '" Bl+2c
Chile
Family ICTALURTOAE
Ictalurus mexicanus
Bagre de Rio Verde
VU « Alac+2c
Mexico
Ictalurus pricei
Bagre de Yaqui
VU " Alac+2c, Bl+2abc
Mexico
Noturus baileyi
Smoky Madtom
CR " Bl+2c
USA
[R. Little Tenessee]
Noturus flavipinnis
Yellowfin Madtom
VU " D2
USA
Noturus gilberti
Orangefin Madtom
VU " D2
USA
Noturus lachneri
Ouachita Madtom
VU " Bl+2cd
USA
Noturus stanauli
Pygmy Madtom
VU '' D2
USA
Noturus taylori
Caddo Madtom
VU " D2
USA
Noturus trautmani
Scioto Madtom
CR '« B1+2C
USA
[R. Scioto (Big Darby Creek)]
Prietella lundbergi
VU '" D2
Mexico
Prietella phreatophila
Bagre de Muzquiz
EN" Alace+2ce,Bl+2bc
Mexico
Satan eurystomus
Widemouth Blindcat
VU " D2
USA
Trogloglanis pattersoni
Toothless Blindcat
VU " D2
USA
75
Threatened Species
Family BAGRIDAE
Austroglanis barnardi
Barnard's Rock-catfish
CR "» Bl+2bcd
South Africa
Austroglanis gilli
Clanwilliam Rock-catfish
VU "» Alee, B1-H2C
South Africa
Coreobagrus ichikawai
Nekogigi
VU '" Alac, D2
Japan
Pseudobargus medianalis
EN "" Bl-(-2c
China
[L. Dianchi]
Family SILURIDAE
Silurus mento
EN '»' B1+2C
China
[L. Dianchi]
Family PANGASIIDAE
Pangasianodon gigas
Giant Catfish
EN '"' C2b
Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar
[R. Mekong]
Family A]VIBLYCIPITIDAE
Liobagrus nigricauda
EN '»' Bl-h2c
China
[L. Dianchi]
Family SISORIDAE
Oreoglanis siamensis
VU '"' D2
Thailand
Family CLARimAE
Clarias cavernicola
Cave Catfish
CR "" Bl+2c,E
Namibia
Clarias tnaclareni
CR '" Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Encheloclarias curtisoma
CR "" Bl-H2bce
Malaysia
Encheloclarias kelioides
CR '»' Bl-H2bcde
Indonesia, Malaysia
Encheloclarias prolatus
VU '»' D2
Malaysia
Encheloclarias tapeinopterus
VU "" D2
Indonesia
Horaglanis krishnai
VU '*' D2
India
Uegitglanis zammaranoi
VU '" B1-I-2C
Somalia
Family HETEROPNEUSXroAE
Heteropneustes microps
VU "" D2
Sri Lanka
Family ARIIDAE
Alius bonillai
New Grenada Sea Catfish
EN ' Bl+2cd
Colombia
JAtlantic (western central), Pacific
(eastern central)]
Family PLOTOSIDAE
Oloplotosus torobo
Kutubu Tandan
VU ' A2cd
Papua New Guinea
[L. Kutubu]
Family MOCHOKIDAE
Chiloglanis bifurcus
Incomati Suckermouth
CR '" Alae
South Africa
Family PIMELODmAE
Rhamdia reddelli
Juil Ciego
VU "' C2b, D2
Mexico
Rhamdia zongolicensis
VU '»' D2
Mexico
Family TRICHOMYCTERmAE
Trichomycterus chungarensis
VU "» D2
Chile
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family UMBRTOAE
Umbra krameri
European Mud-minnow
VU "" A lace
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic?,
Hungary, Moldova, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine?,
Yugoslavia
Family OSMERIDAE
Hypomesus transpacificus
Delta Smelt
EN " Bl+2cd
USA
Family SALANGIDAE
Neosalanx regani
Ariakehimeshirauo
VU "" Alace, D2
Japan
Family RETROPINNmAE
Prototroctes maraena
Australian Grayling
VU '" Ale
Australia
Family GALAXIIDAE
Galaxias argenteus
Giant Kokopu
VU '" C2a
New Zealand
Galaxias fontanus
Swan Galaxias
CR '" Bl-H2bc
Australia
Galaxias fuscus
Barred Galaxias
CR '" AIc+2c, Bl-H2b
Australia
[R. Goulbum]
Galaxias gracilis
Dwarf Inanga
VU '" Alee, Bl+2cd, D2
New Zealand
Galaxias johnstoni
Clarence Galaxias
CR "' Ale, Bl-H2a
Australia
Galaxias pedderensis
Redder Galaxias
CR ""> AlacH-2c, Bl-i-2abcde
Australia
[L. Pedder drainage]
Galaxias postvectis
Shortjawed Kokopu
VU '" Bl+2bcd
New Zealand
Galaxias rekohua
Chathams Galaxias
VU '" D2
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Galaxias rostratus
Flat-Headed Galaxias
VU '" Ale
Australia
76
Fishes: bony fishes ^gf
Galaxias tanycephalus
Saddled Galaxias
VU '" D2
Australia
Galaxiella pusilla
Dwarf Galaxias
VU '" Bl+2bcd
Australia
Neochanna burrowsius
Canterbury Mudfish
VU '" Bl+2bcd
New Zealand
Paragalaxias mesotes
Arthurs Paragalaxias
VU '" D2
Australia
Family SALMONIDAE
Acantholingua ohridana
VU '"' Bl+2bc
Albania, Macedonia
[L. Ohrid]
Coregonus hoyi
Bloater
VU " D2
Canada, USA
[Great Lakes]
Coregonus huntsmani
Acadian Whitefish
VU " D2
Canada, USA
[Great Lakes]
Coregonus kiyi
Kiyi
VU " D2
Canada, USA
[Great Lakes]
Coregonus reighardi
Shortnose Cisco
CR " Alae
Canada
[L. Huron (Georgian Bay)]
Coregonus zenithicus
Shortjaw Cisco
VU " Albc
Canada, USA
[Great Lakes]
Hucho hucho
Huchen
EN "" A2bcde, Bl+2bce
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany,
Hungary, Poland, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
[R. Danube]
Oncorhynchus apache
Apache Trout
CR " Alcd
USA
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster
Mexican Golden Trout
VU " A2ce
Mexico
Oncorhynchus formosanus
CR '"' Bl+2d
Taiwan
Oncorhynchus gilae
Gila Trout
EN " B2ad+3c
USA
Oncorhynchus ishikawai
Satsukimasu Salmon
EN '"' Alac, B2abcde+3abd
Japan
[R. Nagara]
Salmo carpio
Carpione del Garda
VU '" Alacde
Italy
[L. Garda]
Salmo letnica
VU "« Alad+2d
Albania, Macedonia
[L. Ohrid]
Salmo platycephalus
Ala Balik
CR '»' Bl+2abc
Turkey
Salmothymus obtusirostris
EN '" A lace
Croatia, Yugoslavia
Salvelinus confluentus
Bull Trout
VU " A2e
Canada, USA
Salvelinus japonicus
Kirikuchi Char
EN "" Alacde, Bl+2ac
Japan
[R. Totsukawa]
Salvethymus svetovidovi
VU "" D2
Russia
[L. El'gygytgyn]
Order PERCOPSIFORMES
Family AMBLYOPSmAE
Amblyopsis rosae
Ozark Cavefish
VU ^' Dl+2
USA
Amblyopsis spelaea
Northern Cavefish
VU " D2
USA
Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni
Alabama Cavefish
CR " C2b
USA
Typhlichthys subterraneus
VU "" D2
USA
Order GADIFORMES
Family MORIDAE
Physiculus helenaensis
Skulpin
CR '" Dl
St Helena
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Family GADTOAE
Gadus morhua (C)
Atlantic Cod
VU "^ Albd
[Atlantic (northeast, northwest)]
Melanogrammus aeglefinus (C)
Haddock
VU '« Ald+2d
[Atlantic (northeast, northwest)]
Order OPHIDIIFORMES
Family BYTHITIDAE
Lucifuga simile
VU ■" D2
Cuba
Lucifuga spelaeotes
New Providence Cusk-eel
VU '«' Alee, Bl+2bc, D2
Bahamas
Lucifuga subterranea
VU '" D2
Cuba
Lucifuga teresinarum
VU "= D2
Cuba
Saccogaster melanomycter
VU ' D2
Colombia
[Atlantic (western central)]
Stygicola dentata
VU "« D2
Cuba
Typhliasina pearsei
Dama Ciega Blanca
VU " D2
Mexico
77
Threatened Species
Order BATRACHOIDIFORMES
Family BATRACHOIDIDAE
Batrachoides manglae
Cotuero Toadfish
VU ' D2
Colombia, Venezuela
[Atlantic (western central). Pacific
(eastern central)]
Sanopus astrifer
Whitespotted Toadfish
VU "" D2
Belize
[Atlantic (western central)]
Sanopus greenfieldorum
Whitelined Toadfish
VU "" D2
Belize
[Atlantic (western central)]
Sanopus reticulatus
Reticulated Toadfish
VU "" D2
Belize
[Atlantic (western central)]
Sanopus splendidus
Splendid Toadfish
VU '■" D2
Belize, Mexico
[Atlantic (western central)]
Order LOPHIIFORMES
Family BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE
Brachionichthys hirsutus
Spotted Handfish
CR " Alcde
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern)]
Order ATHERINIFORMES
Family ATHERINIDAE
Caimsichthys rhombosomoides
Cairns Rainbowfish
VU '" Alee, D2
Australia
Chilatherina bleheri
Bleher's Rainbowfish
VU = A2e
Indonesia
[Danau Biru (L. Holmes)]
Chilatherina sentaniensis
Sentani Rainbowfish
CR ' Alace
Indonesia
[L. Sentani]
Chirostoma bartoni
Charal de la Caldera
VU " A2c, C2b, D2
Mexico
Craterocephalus amniculus
Darling River Hardyhead
VU '" Ale
Australia
Craterocephalus dalhousiensis
Dalhousie Hardyhead
VU '" D2
Australia
Craterocephalus fluviatillis
Murray Hardyhead
EN "' Alc,Bl+2ab
Australia
[Kerang Lakes area]
Craterocephalus gloveri
Glovers Hardyhead
VU '" D2
Australia
Craterocephalus lacustris
Kutubu Hardyhead
VU ' A2cd
Papua New Guinea
[L. Kutubu]
Glossolepis incisus
Red Rainbowfish
VU ' A2ce
Indonesia
[L. Sentani]
Glossolepis wanamensis
Lake Wanam Rainbowfish
CR ' Alae
Papua New Guinea
[L. Wanam]
Kiunga ballochi
Glass Blue-eye
CR ' Alac, Bl+2abcde
Papua New Guinea
Melanotaenia arfakensis
Arfak Rainbowfish
VU ' A2ce
Indonesia
[R. Prafi valley]
Melanotaenia boesemani
Boeseman's Rainbowfish
EN ' Alad
Indonesia
[Ayamaru Lakes]
Melanotaenia eachamensis
Lake Eacham Rainbowfish
VU '" Alace+2ce, Bl+2b,Cl,D2
Australia
Melanotaenia lacustris
Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish
VU ' Alac
Papua New Guinea
[L. Kutubu]
Melanotaenia oktediensis
Oktedi Rainbowfish
VU ' A2ce
Papua New Guinea
[R. Ok Tedi]
Melanotaenia parva
Lake Kurumoi Rainbowfish
VU ' A2ce
Indonesia
[L. Kurumoi]
Menidia extensa
Waccamaw Silverside
VU ■" D2
USA
[L. Waccamaw]
Paratherina cyanea
VU '"' D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Paratherina labiosa
VU "" D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Paratherina lineala
VU "» D2
Indonesia
[L. Towuti]
Paratherina striata
VU '»' D2
Indonesia
Paratherina wolterecki
VU '»' D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Poblana alchichica
Charal de Alchichica
CR *' AIac+2c, Bl+2c,C2b
Mexico
Poblana letholepis
Charal de la Preciosa
EN "' A 1 ac+2c, B 1 +2c, C2b
Mexico
Poblana squamata
Charal de Quechulac
EN ■" A 1 ac+2c, B 1 +2c, C2b
Mexico
Pseudomugil mellis
Honey Blue-eye
EN ''"> AIacde+2cde
Australia
Rheocles wrightae
Zona
CR "» Ale
Madagascar
[R. Manambola]
78
Fishes: bony fishes
Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis
Red-finned Blue-eye
CR '™ Alce,B2abcde+3d
Australia
[R. Thomson]
Telmatherina abendanoni
VU '»' D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Telmatherina antoniae
VU '" D2
Indonesia
[L. Matano]
Telmatherina celebensis
VU '"' D2
Indonesia
Telmatherina ladigesi
Celebes Rainbow
VU "" D2
Indonesia
Telmatherina obscura
VU "» D2
Indonesia
[L. Matano]
Telmatherina opudi
VU '" D2
Indonesia
[L. Matano]
Telmatherina prognatha
VU '" D2
Indonesia
[L. Matano]
Telmatherina sarasinorum
VU '"' D2
Indonesia
[L. Matano]
Telmatherina wahjui
VU "' D2
Indonesia
\L. Matano]
Tominanga aurea
VU '" D2
Indonesia
[I,. Matano]
Tominanga sanguicauda
VU '" D2
Indonesia
|T^. Towuti]
Family PHALLOSTETHIDAE
Phallostethus dunckeri
VU "" D2
Malaysia
Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Family APLOCHEILroAE
Campellolebias brucei
Santa Catarina Sabrefin
VU "' Bl+3bd
Brazil
Cynolebias boitonei
Brasilia Lyrefin
VU '" Bl+3bd
Brazil
Cynolebias constanciae
VU '«' Bl+2ac+3bd
Brazil
Cynolebias marmoratus
Ginger Pearlfish
VU '" Bl+2ac+3bd
Brazil
Cynolebias minimus
Minute Pearlfish
VU '" Bl+2ac+3bd
Brazil
Cynolebias opalescens
Opalescent Pearlfish
VU '" Bl+2ac+3bd
Brazil
Cynolebias splendens
Splendid Pearlfish
VU '»' Bl+2ac+3bd
Brazil
Nothobranchius sp.
Caprivi Killifish
EN "" B1+2C
Namibia
Pachypanchax sakaramyi
VU "« Bl+2a, D2
Madagascar
Family CYPRE>JODONTIDAE
Aphanius anatoliae
Dislisazancik Baligi
EN '"' A2ce, Bl+2abcd
Turkey
Aphanius burduricus
EN '" A2e
Turkey
Aphanius splendens
CR "" Alac,Bl+2abce
Turkey
Aphanius sureyanus
CR '"' Bl+2bc
Turkey
Aphanius transgrediens
CR "" Bl+2bcd
Turkey
Crenichthys baileyi
White River Springfish
VU « D2
USA
[R. White]
Crenichthys nevadae
Railroad Valley Springfish
VU " D2
USA
Cualac tessellatus
Cachorrito de Media Luna
EN" A2e, Bl+2ab
Mexico
Cyprinodon beltrani
Cachorrito Lodero
EN " A 1 abc+2bc, B 1 +2c, C2b
Mexico
Cyprinodon bovinus
Leon Springs Pupfish
CR " A2c
USA
Cyprinodon diabolis
Devils Hole Pupfish
VU " Dl+2
USA
Cyprinodon elegans
Comanche Springs Pupfish
EN " A2ce, Bl+2ac
USA
Cyprinodon fontinalis
Perrito de Carbonera
EN " A 1 ae-i-2e, B 1 +2ab, C2a
Mexico
Cyprinodon labiosus
Cachorrito Cangrejero
EN " A I abc+2bc, B 1 +2c, C2b
Mexico
Cyprinodon macrolepis
Largescale Pupfish
EN " A 1 abc+2bce, B 1 +2c, C2b
Mexico
Cyprinodon maya
Cachorrito Gigante
EN "' Alabc+2bc, Bl-l-2c, C2b
Mexico
Cyprinodon meeki
Cachorrito de Mezquital
CR " Alae+2e
Mexico
Cyprinodon pachycephalus
Cachorrito Cabezon
CR ■" Alabc+2bc, Bl+2c, C2b
Mexico
Cyprinodon pecosensis
Pecos Pupfish
CR " A2ce
USA
79
Threatened Species
Cyprinodon radiosus
Owens Pupfish
EN " A2ce
USA
Cyprinodon simus
Cachorrito Boxeador
EN ■" Al abc+2bc, B 1 +2c, C2b
Mexico
Cyprinodon tularosa
White Sands Pupfish
VU " D2
USA
Cyprinodon verecundus
Cachorrito de Dorsal Larga
CR " A 1 abc+2bc, B 1 +2c, C2b
Mexico
Cyprinodon veronicae
Cachorrito de Charco Azul
CR " A 1 ac, B 1 +2abce, C 1 +2b
Mexico
Fiindulus julisia
Barrens Topminnow
VU " D2
USA
Fundulus waccamensis
Waccamaw Killifish
VU ^' D2
USA
[L. Phelps, L. Waccamaw]
Lucania interioris
Sardinilla Cuatro Cienegas
CR *' A 1 ac+2c, B 1 +2abc, C2a
Mexico
Orestias chungarensis
VU '"' D2
Chile
[L. Chungara]
Pantanodon madagascariensis
EN '«» Bl+2a
Madagascar
Valencia hispanica
Valencia Toothcarp
EN '"' Bl+2ce
Spain
Valencia letourneuxi
EN "" A2bcd
Albania?, Greece
Family GOODEffiAE
Allotoca maculata
Opal Goodeid
CR " Bl+3abc
Mexico
Ataeniobius toweri
Striped Goodeid
EN « A2ce, Bl+2abc
Mexico
Characodon audax
Bold Characodon
VU « Alac+2c, Bl+2c, C2a, D2
Mexico
Characodon lateralis
Rainbow Goodeid
EN* Alabe+2be, Bl+2ab
Mexico
Girardinichthys multiradiatus
VU " A2ce, D2
Mexico
Girardinichthys viviparus
Mexclapique
CR " Alce+2ce, Bl+2abc
Mexico
Goodea gracilis
VU " Alace+2ce, Bl+2c,Cl
Mexico
Hubbsina turneri
CR "' Alac+2c, Bl+2e, C2b
Mexico
Ilydon whitei
CR " Alac, Bl+2abc
Mexico
Xenoophorus captivus
Solo Goodeido
EN « Alce+2ce, Bl+2c,Cl+2a
Mexico
Family POECILIIDAE
Gambusia alvarezi
Guayacon de San Gregorio
VU " Alce+2ce, Bl+2c,C2b, D2
Mexico
Gambusia eurystoma
Guayacon Bocon
CR " Alac+2ce, BH-2ac, C2b
Mexico
Gambusia gaigei
Big Bend Gambusia
VU '' Dl+2
USA
Gambusia heterochir
Clear Creek Gambusia
VU " Dl+2
USA
[Wilkinson Springs, upper Clear
Creek]
Gambusia hurtadoi
Guayacon de Hacienda Dolores
VU *' A 1 ace+2ce, B 1 +2ac, C2b,
D1,E
Mexico
Gambusia krumhohi
VU « Alce+2ce,D2
Mexico
Gambusia longispinis
Guayacon de Cuatro Cienegas
VU "' A2c, D2
Mexico
Gambusia nobilis
Pecos Gambusia
VU " D2
USA
[R. Pecos)
Poecilia latipunctata
Molly del Tamesi
CR ■" A 1 ace+2ce, B 1 +2ab, CI
Mexico
Poecilia sulphuraria
Molly del Teapa
OR*' Alac+2ce, Bl+2ac,C2b
Mexico
Xiphophorus couchianus
Platy Monterrey
CR "' A 1 ce+2ce, B 1 +2abc, C2a
Mexico
Xiphophorus gordoni
Platy Cuatro Cienegas
EN "' Ala, Bl+2abce, CI
Mexico
Xiphophorus meyeri
Platy de Muzquiz
EN"' Alace+2ce, Bl+2c,C2b
Mexico
Order BELONIFORMES
Family ADRIANICHTHYmAE
Adrianichthys kruyti
Duck-billed Buntingi
CR "" Alae
Indonesia
[L. Poso]
Oryzias celebensis
VU "" D2
Indonesia
[L. Sindenreng]
Oryzias marmoratus
VU "" D2
Indonesia
Oryzias matanensis
VU '"' D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Oryzias nigrimas
Black Buntingi
VU '"' A2e, D2
Indonesia
[L. Poso]
Oryzias orthognathus
Buntingi
EN '»' A2e
Indonesia
[L. Poso]
80
Fishes: bony fishes
Oryzias profundicola
VU '»' D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Xenopoecilus oophorus
Egg-carrying Buntingi
EN '»' A2e
Indonesia
[L. Poso]
Xenopoecilus poptae
Popta's Buntingi
CR '»' Alae
Indonesia
[L. Poso]
Xenopoecilus sarasinorum
EN "" Ale
Indonesia
Family HEMIRAMPHTOAE
Dermogenys weberi
VU '"' D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Nomorhamphus towoeti
VU '«' D2
Indonesia
[L. Towuti]
Tondanichthys kottelati
VU '" D2
Indonesia
[L. Tondano]
Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES
Family GASTEROSTEIDAE
Pungitius hellenicus
Ellinopygosteos
CR ">' Bl+2bc
Greece
[Aggia Paraskevi Spring]
Family PEGASTOAE
Pegasus laternarius
VU '™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western),
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Order SYNGNATHIFORMES
Family SYNGNATHmAE
Hippocampus abdominalis
Big-bellied Seahorse
VU '™ A2d
Australia, New Zealand
[Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific
(southwest)l
Hippocampus aimei
VU '™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western),
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus angustus
VU ™ A2cd
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern)]
Hippocampus borbonensis
VU "" A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western),
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus brachyrhynchus
VU "» A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus camelopardalis
VU "« A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus capensis
Knysna Seahorse
VU "» BI+2c
South Africa
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Hippocampus coronatus
VU ™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus erectus
Lined Seahorse
VU '™ A2cd
[Atlantic (northwest, southwest,
western central)]
Hippocampus erinaceus
VU '™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus fuscus
VU "« A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus hippocampus
Short-snouted Seahorse
VU '™ A2cd
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast),
Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Hippocampus histrix
VU "' A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus horai
VU '™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus ingens
Giant Seahorse
VU '™ A2cd
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Hippocampus japonicus
VU "« A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western),
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus jayakari
VU '™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus kuda
VU ™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus longirostris
VU "« A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus novaehebudorum
VU ™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus planifrons
VU ™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus raji
VU "» A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus ramulosus
Long-snouted Seahorse
VU "« A2cd
[Atlantic (northeast, western central),
Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Hippocampus reidi
Slender Seahorse
VU '™ A2cd
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Hippocampus sindonis
VU ■™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus spinosissimus
VU "« A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western),
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus taeniops
VU "» A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western),
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Hippocampus takakurae
VU '™ A2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
81
Threatened Species
Hippocampus trimaculatus
Three-spotted Seahorse
VU 178Alcd+2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western),
Pacific (northwest, southwest,
western central)]
Hippocampus whitei
White's Seahorse
VU 178A2cde
AustraHa
[Indian Ocean (eastern)]
Hippocampus zosterae
Dwarf Seahorse
VU 178A2cd
[Atlantic (western central)]
Solegnathus dunckeri
Duncker's Pipehorse
VU 178Ald+2d
Australia
[Pacific (southwest, western central)]
Solegnathus hardwickii
Pipehorse
VU 178Ald+2d
[Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Solegnathus lettiensis
Gunther's Pipehorse
VU l7a^2d
Australia, Indonesia
[Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific
(western central)]
Solegnathus robustus
Robust Pipehorse
VU 178A2d
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern)]
Solegnathus spinosissimus
Spiny Pipehorse
VU 178Ald+2d
Australia, New Zealand
[Pacific (southwest)]
Syngnathus watermayeri
River Pipefish
CR 20 Bl+2abd
South Africa
Order SYNBRANCHIFGRMES
Family SYNBRANCHIDAE
Ophisternon infernale
Anguila Ciega
EN 49 Alac+2c, Bl+2c
Mexico
Order SCORPAENIFORMES
Family SCORPAENroAE
Pontinus nigropunctatus
Deepwater Jack
VU '" D2
St Helena
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Sebastes fasciatus
Redfish
EN "■- Albd
[Atlantic (northeast, northwest)]
Sebastes paucispinus
Boccacio Rockfish
CR "- Alabd+2d
Canada, Mexico, USA
[Pacific (eastern central, northeast)]
Family COTTIDAE
Cottus asperrimus
Rough Sculpin
VU " D2
USA
Cottus extensus
Bear Lake Sculpin
VU " D2
USA
[L. Bear]
Cottus greenei
Shoshone Sculpin
VU " D2
USA
Cottus leiopomus
Wood River Sculpin
VU " D2
USA
Cottus petiti
CR '»' Bl+2c
France
[R. Le Lez]
Cottus pygmaeus
Pygmy Sculpin
CR " Bl+2a
USA
[R. Coosa]
Order PERCEFORMES
Family PERCICHTHYroAE
Edelia obscura
Yarra Pygmy Perch
VU '" Bl+2bc
Australia
Maccullochella ikei
Clarence River Cod
EN '™ Alacd
Australia
[R. Clarence]
Maccullochella macquariensis
Trout Cod
EN '" C2a
Australia
Nannoperca oxleyana
Oxleyan Pygmy Perch
EN '™ Alce+2c
Australia
Nannoperca variegata
Variagated Pygmy Perch
VU '" D2
Australia
Family POLYPRIONroAE
Stereolepis gigas
Giant Sea Bass
CR "- Albd
Mexico, USA
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Family SERRANIDAE
Anthias salmopunctatus
VU '" D2
Brazil
[Atlantic (eastern central, southwest)]
Epinephelus drummondhayi
Speckled Hind
CR " Ald+2d
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Epinephelus inermis
Marbled Grouper
VU " A2d
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Epinephelus itajara
Jewfish
CR "° Ald+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, southeast,
southwest), Indian Ocean (western
central). Pacific (eastern central,
southeast)]
Epinephelus lanceoUuus
Giant Grouper
VU "° A2d
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (eastern central, northwest,
southwest, western central)]
Epinephelus nigritus
Warsaw Grouper
CR "0 Ald+2d
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Epinephelus niveatus
Snowy Grouper
VU " Ald+2d, Bl+2e
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
82
Fishes: bony fishes
Epinephelus striatus
Nassau Grouper
EN "» Ald+2d
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Hypoplectrus providencianus
Masked Hamlet
VU ' D2
[Atlantic (western central)]
Mycteroperca cidi
Venezuelan Grouper
VU ' D2
Venezuela
[Atlantic (western central)]
Mycteroperca jordani
Gulf Grouper
VU '" Ald+2d
Mexico
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Mycteroperca microlepis
Gag
VU " Albd+2d
Brazil, Mexico, USA
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Mycteroperca olfax
Bacalao Grouper
VU '" A2d,D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Mycteroperca prionura
Sawtail Grouper
VU '" Ald+2d
Mexico
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Mycteroperca rosacea
Leopard Grouper
VU '" Ald+2d
Mexico
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Plectranthias chungchowensis
VU '-' D2
Taiwan
[Pacific (northeast)]
Pseudanthias regalis
VU '" D2
French Polynesia
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Family PSEUDOCHROMIDAE
Pseudochromis pesi
VU '" D2
[Indian Ocean (western)]
Family TERAPONTmAE
Bidyanus bidyanus
Silver Perch
VU '" Alcd
Australia
Hephaestus adamsoni
Adamson's Grunter
VU ' A2cd
Papua New Guinea
[L. Kutubu]
Varia jamoerensis
Yamur Lake Grunter
VU ' A2d
Indonesia
[L. Yamur]
Family CENTRARCHmAE
Ambloplites cavifrons
Roanoke Bass
VU " D2
USA
Family ELASSOMAXmAE
Elassoma okatie
Bluebarred Pygmy Sunfish
VU " D2
USA
Family PERCIDAE
Crystallaria asprella
Crystal Darter
VU " Ale
USA
Etheostoma aquali
Coppercheek Darter
VU '" A2ce
USA
Etheostoma australe
Dardo de Conchos
VU ■" Alce+2ce, B2c+3a
Mexico
Etheostoma boschungi
Slackwater Darter
EN " Bl+2c
USA
[R. Tennessee]
Etheostoma cinereum
Ashy Darter
VU " D2
USA
Etheostoma ditrema
Coldwater Darter
VU " D2
USA
[R. Coosa]
Etheostoma fonticola
Fountain Darter
VU " D2
USA
Etheostoma grahami
Rio Grande Darter
VU "' A2c, Bl+2c,D2
Mexico, USA
Etheostoma moorei
Yellowcheek Darter
VU " D2
USA
[R. White (R. Little Red)]
Etheostoma nianguae
Niangua Darter
VU " Bl+2c, Dl
USA
[R. Osage]
Etheostoma nuchale
Watercress Darter
EN " Bl+2ce
USA
[R. Black Warrior]
Etheostoma okaloosae
Okaloosa Darter
EN " Bl+2c
USA
[Choctawhatchee Bay drainage]
Etheostoma pallididorsum
Paleback Darter
VU " D2
USA
[R. Ouachita]
Etheostoma pellucidum
Eastern Sand Darter
VU " Ale
Canada, USA
Etheostoma pottsi
Mexican Darter
VU " Alace+2ce, Bl+2c
Mexico
Etheostoma striatulum
Striated Darter
VU " D2
USA
[R. Duck]
Etheostoma trisella
Trispot Darter
VU " D2
USA
Etheostoma tuscumbia
Tuscumbia Darter
VU " D2
USA
[R. Tennessee]
Etheostoma wapiti
Boulder Darter
VU " D2
USA
Gymnocephalus schraetzer
Striped Ruffe
VU '" Alace
Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia?, Czech
Republic, Germany, Hungary,
Moldova?, Romania, Slovakia,
Ukraine?, Yugoslavia
[R. Danube]
83
Threatened Species
Percarina demidoff
VU "" D2
Moldova?, Russia, Ukraine
Percina antesella
Amber Darter
VU " D2
USA
Percina aurolineata
Goldline Darter
VU " D2
USA
[R. Cahaba, R. Coosa]
Percina burtoni
Blotchside Logperch
VU " D2
USA
[R. Tennessee]
Percina cymatotaenia
Bluestripe Darter
EN " Bl+2ac
USA
Percina jenkinsi
Conasauga Logperch
VU " D2
USA
Percina lenticula
Freckled Darter
VU " Bl+2ad, D2
USA
Percina pantherina
Leopard Darter
VU " D2
USA
[R. Little]
Percina rex
Roanoke Logperch
VU " Bl+2c,D2
USA
Percina tanasi
Snail Darter
VU " D2
USA
Romanichthys valsanicola
Asprete
CR "" Alace+2ce, Bl+2abcde
Romania
[R. Arges]
Zingel asper
Apron
CR '"' Bl+2abcde
France, Switzerland
[R. Rhone]
Zingel streber
Streber
VU '" Alce+2ce
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy?,
Moldova?, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland?, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Zingel zingel
Zingel
VU '«' Alce+2ce
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Germany, Hungary, Moldova,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Family LUTJANBDAE
Lutjanus analis
Mutton Snapper
VU " A2d,Bl+2e
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Lutjanus cyanopterus
Cubera Snapper
VU " A2d
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Family HAEMULTOAE
Anisotremus moricandi
Brownstriped Grunt
EN ' A2c
Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Venezuela
[Atlantic (eastern central, southwest),
Pacific (westem central)]
Family SPARTOAE
Pagruspagrus
Red Porgy
EN " Albd+2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
westem central), Mediterranean and
Black Sea]
Family SCIAENIDAE
Totoaba macdonaldi
Totoaba
CR " Alabce+2bce, Bl+2ce+3ad
Mexico
Family CHAETODONXroAE
Chaetodon flavocoronatus
Yellow-crowned Butterflyfish
VU '" D2
Guam
[Pacific (westem central)]
Chaetodon litus
Easter Island Butterflyfish
VU '" D2
Chile (Easter Id)
[Pacific (southwest)]
Chaetodon marleyi
Marley's Butterflyfish
VU '" D2
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Chaetodon obliquus
VU '■" D2
Brazil
[Atlantic (eastern central, southwest)]
Chaetodon robustus
VU "" D2
Cape Verde
[Adantic (eastern central)]
Family POMACANTHIDAE
Centropyge resplendens
Resplendent Pygmy Angelfish
VU '" D2
St Helena (Ascension)
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Family CICHLIDAE
Allochromis welcommei
CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Astatotilapia "dwarf bigeye scraper"
CR '" Alace, BI+2c
Kenya
[L. Kanyaboli]
Astatotilapia "shovelmouth"
EN " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Kyoga, L. Nawampasa]
Astatotilapia barbarae
EN" Alace, Bl+2bcde
Uganda
[R. Victoria Nile]
[L. Nawampasa, L. Victoria]
Astatotilapia brownae
EN " Alace
Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Astatotilapia latifasciata
CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Astatotilapia piceata
EN " Alace, Bl+2acd
Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Astatotilapia velifer
VU " Alae, Bl+2c
Uganda
[Nabugabo Lakes]
Chetia brevis
Orange-fringed Largemouth
VU "» Ale
Mozambique, South Africa
84
Fishes: bony fishes ^gf
Cichlasoma bartoni
Mojarra Caracolera
VU « Alac+2c, Bl+2c,Cl
Mexico
Cichlasoma labridens
Mojarra
EN " A2ce, B2ab+3a
Mexico
Cichlasoma minckleyi
Mojarra Caracolera de Cuatro
Cienegas
VU "' Alce+2ce, Bl+2c
Mexico
Cichlasoma pantostictum
Mojarra
VU "' Ale, Bl+2c
Mexico
Cichlasoma steindachneri
Mojarra
VU "' A2e,Bl+2c,D2
Mexico
Enterochromis paropius
CR " Alace, Bl+2acd
Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Gaurochromis simpsoni
EN" Alace, Bl+2cd
Uganda
[Nabugabo Lakes]
Haplochromis "ruby"
CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Haplochromis annectidens
CR " Alace, Bl+2cde
Uganda
[L. Nabugabo]
Haplochromis obliquidens
EN " Alace, Bl+2acd
Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Bunyoni, L. Victoria]
Harpagochromis "frogmouth"
VU " Alae,Bl+2acd
Kenya, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Harpagochromis plagiostoma
CR " Alace, Bl+2acd
Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Harpagochromis worthingtoni
CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Konia dikume
Dikume
CR '" Alcde, Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Konia eisentrauti
Konye
CR '" Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Lipochromis "backflash cryptodon"
CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Lipochromis "black cryptodon"
CR "" Alace, Bl+2acd
Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Lipochromis "parvidens-like"
CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Lipochromis "small obesoid"
CR " Alacde, 81 +2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Lipochromis maxillaris
CR " Alace, Bl+2abcde
Kenya
[L. Kanyaboli]
Lipochromis melanopterus complex
CR " Alace, Bl+2acd
Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Macropleurodus bicolor
CR " Alace, Bl+2acd
Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Myaka myaka
Myaka Myaka
CR '" Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Oreochromis esculentus
VU " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Oreochromis variabilis
VU " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Kenya, Uganda
[L. Nawampasa, L. Victoria]
Oxylapia polli
VU "^ D2
Madagascar
[Marolambo Rapids, R. Nosivolo]
Paralabidochromis beadlei
CR " Alace, Bl+2cd
Uganda
[L. Nabugabo]
Paralabidochromis chilotes complex
VU " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Paralabidochromis chromogynos
VU " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Paralabidochromis crassilabris
VU " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Paralabidochromis victoriae
CR " Alace, Bl+2abcd
Kenya
[L. Victoria]
Paretroplus dami
Damba
VU "» A2ce
Madagascar
Paretroplus kieneri
Kotsovato
VU "» A2ce
Madagascar
Paretroplus maculatus
Damba Mipentina
CR "* A2cde, Bl+2abcde
Madagascar
Paretroplus petiti
Kotso
CR "* A2cde, Bl+2abcde
Madagascar
Prognathochromis "long snout"
EN " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Kyoga, L. Nawampasa]
Prognathochromis howesi
EN " Alace, Bl+2acd
Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis mento
CR " Alace, Bl+2acd
Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis venator
EN " Alace, Bl+2cd
Uganda
[Nabugabo Lakes]
Prognathochromis worthingtoni
CR " Alacde, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Psammochromis acidens
VU " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Psammochromis aelocephalus
VU " Alac,Bl+2acd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
85
Threatened Species
Ptchochromoides sp.
Katria
VU "* D2
Madagascar
Ptychochromoides betsileanus
Trondo Mainty
CR '" Alace, Bl+2abcde,C2a
Madagascar
Ptyochromis "Rusinga oral sheller"
CR " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya
[L. Victoria]
Ptyochromis "rainbow sheller"
CR " Alac, BI+2acd
Kenya, Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Ptyochromis annectens
EN " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya
[L. Victoria]
Ptyochromis granti
EN " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya
[L. Victoria]
Ptyochromis sauvagei
VU '^ Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya, Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Pungu maclareni
Pungu
CR ■«> B1+2C
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Pyxichromis orthostoma
VU " Alace, Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Kyoga, L. Nawampasa]
Sarotherodon caroli
Fissi
CR "" Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Sarotherodon linnellii
Unga
CR "" Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Sarotherodon lohbergeri
Leka Keppe
CR '«' Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Sarotherodon steinbachi
Kululu
CR '" B1+2C
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Stomatepia mariae
Nsess
CR "" Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Stomatepia mongo
Mongo
CR "" Alcde, Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Stomatepia pindu
Pindu
CR '«' Bl+2c
Cameroon
[L. Barombi Mbo]
Tilapia "jewel"
VU "« D2
Cameroon
[L. Ejagham]
Tilapia "little black"
VU "^ D2
Cameroon
[L. Ejagham]
Tilapia "yellow-green"
VU "" D2
Cameroon
[L. Ejagham]
Tilapia bakossiorum
VU '«' D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Tilapia bemini
VU "» D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Tilapia bythobathes
VU '»' D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Tilapia deckerti
VU '»' D2
Cameroon
[L. Ejagham]
Tilapia flava
VU '«' D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Tilapia guinasana
Otjikoto Tilapia
CR "« Bl+2ce
Namibia
Tilapia gutturosa
VU '" D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Tilapia imbrifema
VU "" D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Tilapia kottae
VU '" D2
Cameroon
[L. Barombi ba Kotto, L. Mboadong]
Tilapia snyderae
VU '»' D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Tilapia spongotroktis
VU "» D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Tilapia thysi
VU "" D2
Cameroon
[L. Bermin]
Xystichromis "Kyoga flameback"
CR " Alace,Bl+2ce
Uganda
[L. Nawampasa]
Xystichromis nuchisquamulatus
EN " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya
[L. Victoria]
Xystichromis phytophagus
CR " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya
[L. Kanyaboli]
Yssichromis pyrrhocephalus
VU " Alace, Bl+2acd
Kenya, Tanzania
[L. Victoria]
Family POMACENTRIDAE
Chromis sanctaehelenae
VU '" D2
St Helena
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Stegastes sanctaehelenae
VU '" D2
St Helena
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Stegastes santipaulae
VU '" D2
Brazil
[Atlantic (eastern central, southwest)]
Family MUGILIDAE
Liza luciae
Saint Lucia Mullet
EN "« Bl+2ab+3a
South Africa
86
Fishes: bony fishes ^gf
Family LABRIDAE
Cheilinus undulatus
Humphead Wrasse
VU "" Ald+2cd
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western),
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Lachnolaimus maximus
Hogfish
VU '■ A2d
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Thalassoma ascensionis
VU '" D2
St Helena (Ascension)
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Xyrichtys virens
VU '" D2
French Polynesia
[Pacific (eastern central, southwest)]
Family SCARIDAE
Scarus guacamaia
Rainbow Parrotfrsh
VU "° Ald+2d
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Family CLINIDAE
Clinus spatulatus
Bot River Klipfish
EN '" Bl+2c
South Africa
Family CHAENOPSIDAE
Coralliozetus tayrona
Tayrona Blenny
VU ' D2
Colombia
Protemblemaria punctata
VU ' D2
Venezuela
[Atlantic (western central)]
Family CALLIONYMIDAE
Callionymus sanctaehclenae
St Helena Dragonet
CR '" Dl
St Helena
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Family ELEOTRIDAE
Boroda expatiia
VU '" D2
Philippines
[L. Manguao]
Gobiomorphus alpinus
Tamdale Bully
VU '" D2
New Zealand
Mogurnda furva
Black Mogurnda
VU ' A2cd
Papua New Guinea
[L. Kutubu]
Mogurnda spilota
Blotched Mogurnda
VU ' A2cd
Papua New Guinea
[L. Kutubu]
Mogurnda variegata
Variegated Mogurnda
VU ' A2cd
Papua New Guinea
[L. Kutubu]
Mogurnda vitta
Striped Mogurnda
VU ' A2cd
Papua New Guinea
[L. Kutubu]
Typhleotris madgascarensis
VU '»« D2
Madagascar
Typhleotris pauliani
VU '« D2
Madagascar
Family GOBimAE
Chlamydogobius gloveri
Dalhousie Goby
VU '" D2
Australia
Chlamydogobius micropterus
Elizabeth Springs Goby
CR '" Ale, Bl+2c
Australia
Chlamydogobius squamigenus
Edgbaston Goby
CR '" Alace, B2abcde+3d
Australia
Economidichthys pygmaeus
VU '" A2ce
Greece
Economidichthys trichonis
Nanogovios
VU '" D2
Greece
[L. Trichonis]
Eucyclogobius newberryi
Tidewater Goby
VU " Alc+2c
USA
Clossgobius flavipinnis
VU '"' D2
Indonesia
[L. Towuti]
Glossogobius ankaranensis
CR '« Bl+2c
Madagascar
Glossogobius intermedius
VU '»' D2
Indonesia
Glossogobius matanensis
VU '»' D2
Indonesia
Knipowitschia croatica
VU "" D2
Croatia
Knipowitschia punctatissima
VU '" A2c
Italy
Knipowitschia thessala
Thessalogovinos
VU "" A2ce
Greece
Lentipes whittenorum
VU «" D2
Indonesia
Mugilogobius adeia
VU "" D2
Indonesia
Mugilogobius latifrons
VU '"■ D2
Indonesia
Padogobius nigricans
Amo Goby
VU '« Alace
Italy
Pandaka pygmaea
Dwarf Pygmy Goby
CR '»' Alace
Philippines
[R. Malabon]
Sicyopus axillimentus
VU '»' D2
Philippines
Stiphodon surrrufus
VU "" D2
Philippines
Stupidogobius flavipinnis
VU "" D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Tamanka sarasinorum
Sarasin's Goby
VU "" D2
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Weberogobius amadi
Poso Bungu
CR ">' Alae
Indonesia
[L. Poso]
87
Threatened Species
Family SCOMBRIDAE
Scomberomorus concolor
Monterrey Spanish Mackerel
EN '" Alc+2d
Mexico
[Pacific (western central)]
Thunnus maccoyii (C)
Southern bluefin Tuna
CR '" Albd
[Atlantic (southeast, southwest),
Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (southwest)]
Thunnus obesus (C)
Bigeye Tuna
VU '" Albd
[Atlantic (eastern central, southeast,
southwest, western central), Indian
Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific
(eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Family ANABANXmAE
Sandelia bainsii
Eastern Province Rocky
EN "» Ale, BI+2abcd
South Africa
Family BELONTimAE
Betta burdigala
VU "" D2
Indonesia
Betta chini
VU '"' D2
Malaysia
Betta chloropharynx
VU "" D2
Indonesia
Betta hipposideros
VU '"' D2
Malaysia
Betta livida
EN '»' Bl+2c
Malaysia
Betta macrostoma
VU "" D2
Brunei
Betta miniopinna
CR '»' A2c
Indonesia
Betta persephone
CR '»' Bl+2c
Malaysia
Betta simplex
VU "" D2
Thailand
Betta spilotogena
CR "" A2c
Indonesia
Betta tomi
VU '»' D2
Malaysia
Parosphromenus harveyi
EN '°' Bl+2c
Malaysia
Order PLEURONECTITGRMES
Family PLEURONECTIDAE
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Atlantic Halibut
EN '« Aid
[Atlantic (northeast, northwest)]
Pleuronectes ferrugineus (C)
Yellowtail Flounder
VU "" Albd
Canada, USA
[Atlantic (northeast)]
Order TETRAODONTIFORMES
Family BALISTmAE
Balistes vetula
Queen Triggerfish
VU '« A2d
[Atlantic (eastern central, southeast,
southwest, western central)]
Family TETRAGDONXroAE
Canthigaster rapaensis
VU '" D2
French Polynesia
[Pacific (southwest)]
Liosaccus pachygaster
VU '" D2
Taiwan
[Pacific (northwest)]
Class SARCOPTERYGII
Order COELACANTHIFORMES
Family LATIMERnDAE
Latimeria chalumnae
Coelacanth
EN '" A2cd,C2b
Comoros, South Africa
[Atlantic (southeast), Indian Ocean
(western)]
Class ARACHNIDA
Order ARANEAE
Family LINYPHIffiAE
Troglohyphantes gracilis
Kocevje Subterranean Spider
VU »" D2
Slovenia
Troglohyphantes similis
Kocevje Subterranean Spider
VU "" D2
Slovenia
Troglohyphantes spinipes
Kocevje Subterranean Spider
VU "" D2
Slovenia
Family LYCOSffiAE
Adelocosa anops
Kauai Cave Wolf Spider
EN "" Bl+2c
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pardosa diutuma
Glacier Bay Wolf Spider
VU '" D2
USA
Sosippus placidus
Lake Placid Funnel Wolf Spider
VU '»' D2
USA
Family PISAURIDAE
Dolomedes plantarius
Great Raft Spider
VU '" Alace+2ce
Austria, Belarus?, Belgium,
Denmark, France, Georgia?,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden
Family TETRAGNATHIDAE
Meta dolloff
Dolloff Cave Spider
VU '" D2
USA
Order OPILIONES
Family PHALANGODroAE
Banksula melones
Melones Cave Harvestman
VU "" A2c
USA
88
Crustaceans ^ff^"'
Order PSEUDOSCORPIONmA
Family NEOBISIIDAE
Fissilicreagris imperialis
Empire Cave Pseudoscorpion
VU '" D2
USA
Class CHILOPODA
Order
SCOLOPENDROMORPHA
Family SCOLOPENDRIDAE
Scolopendra abnormis
Serpent Island Centipede
VU '" D2
Mauritius
Class CRUSTACEA
Order AMPHIPODA
Family
ALLOCRANGONYCTIDAE
Allocrangonyx hubrichti
Central Missouri Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Allocrangonyx pellucidus
Oklahoma Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Family BOGEDIELLIDAE
Bogidiella bermudensis
CR " Bl+2c
Bermuda
Family CRANGONYCTIDAE
Crangonyx dearolfi
Pennsylvania Cave Amphipod
EN " Bl+2c
USA
Crangonyx grandimanus
Florida Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Crangonyx hobbsi
Hobb's Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus araeus
Tidewater Interstitial Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus arizonensis
Arizona Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus balconis
Balcones Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus barri
Barr's Cave Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus bifurcatus
Bifurcated Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus bowmani
Bowman's Cave Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus clantoni
Clanton's Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus conradi
Bumsville Cove Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus cooperi
Cooper's Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus dejectus
Cascade Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus elatus
Elevated Spring Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus emarginatus
Greenbrier Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus ephemerus
Ephemeral Cave Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus flagellatus
Ezell's Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus gradyi
Grady's Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus hadenoecus
Devil's Sinkhole Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus harai
Hara's Cave Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus hayi
Hay's Spring Amphipod
EN '' B1+2C
USA
Stygobromus heteropodus
Pickle Springs Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus hubbsi
Malheur Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus identatus
Tidewater Stygonectid Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus longipes
Long-legged Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus mackenziei
Mackenzie's Cave Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus montanus
Mountain Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus morrisoni
Morrison's Cave Amphipod
VU '' D2
USA
Stygobromus mundaus
Bath County Cave Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus nortoni
Norton's Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus onondagaensis
Onondaga Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus ozarkensis
Ozark Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus parvus
Minute Cave Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
89
Threatened Species
Stygobromus pecki
Peck's Cave Amphipod
EN « B1+2C
USA
Stygobromus piziinii
Pizzini's Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus putealis
Wisconsin Well Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus reddelli
Reddell's Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus smithii
Alabama Well Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Stygobromus spinatus
Spring Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus stellmacki
Stellmack's Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus subtilis
Subtle Cave Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Stygobromus wengerorum
Wengeror's Cave Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Family GAMMARTOAE
Gammarus bousfieldi
Bousfield's Amphipod
VU « D2
USA
Gammarus hyalelloides
Diminutive Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Gammarus pecos
Pecos Amphipod
VU " D2
USA
Family HADZIIDAE
Pseudoniphargus grandimanus
CR '" B1+2C
Bermuda
Family INGOLFIELLroAE
Ingolfiella longipes
CR '■■ B1+2C
Bermuda
Family LILJEBORGIIDAE
Idunella sketi
CR '■■ Bl+2c
Bermuda
Family NIPHARGIDAE
Carinurella paradoxa
VU '" D2
Italy, Slovenia
Niphargobates lefkodemonaki
VU ■" D2
Greece
Niphargobates orophobata
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Niphargus aberrans
VU "' D2
Slovenia
Niphargus hadzii
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Niphargus hrabei
VU '" Bl+2bcde
Austria, Croatia, Hungary?,
Romania, Russia?, Slovakia,
Ukraine?, Yugoslavia?
Niphargus sphagnicolus
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Niphargus spoeckeri
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Niphargus stenopus
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Niphargus timavi
VU '" D2
Italy, Slovenia
Niphargus valachicus
VU '" Bl+2bcde
Bulgaria, Croatia?, Hungary,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Yugoslavia
Family ORCHESTimAE
Spelaseorchestia kiloana
Kaui Cave Amphipod
EN « Bl+2ce
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family PARAMELITIDAE
Aquadulcaris pheronyx
CR " Bl+3d
South Africa
Paramelita barnardi
EN " Bl+2c
South Africa
Paramelita flexa
VU » Ale
South Africa
Family PHOXOCEPHALmAE
Cocoharpinia iliffei
CR « Bl+2c
Bermuda
Order ANASPIDACEA
Family ANASPIDIDAE
Allanaspides helonomus
Syncarid Shrimp
VU " D2
Australia
Allanaspides hickmani
Syncarid Shrimp
VU « D2
Australia
Paranaspides lacustris
Great Lake Shrimp
VU « D2
Australia
Family PSAMMASPffllDAE
Eucrenonaspides oinotheke
VU "" D2
Australia
Order ANOMOPODA
Family CHYDOREDAE
Alona hercegovinae
VU '" D2
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alona sketi
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Alona smirnovi
VU '" D2
Macedonia
Rhynchochydorus australiensis
Water Flea
VU " D2
Australia
Family DAPHNIffiAE
Daphnia coronata
VU » D2
South Africa
Daphnia jollyi
Water Flea
VU " D2
Australia
90
Crustaceans /ff^~^
Daphnia nivalis
Water Flea
VU " D2
Australia
Daphnia occidentalis
Water Flea
VU " D2
Australia
Order ANOSTRACA
Family BRANCHINECTroAE
Branchinecta belki
EN "" Bl+3cd
Mexico
Branchinecta conservatio
Conservancy Fairy Shrimp
EN " A2c
USA
Branchinecta longiantenna
Longhom Fairy Shrimp
EN " A2c
USA
Branchinecta lynchi
Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp
VU « A2c
USA
Branchinecta mexicana
CR "" Bl+3d
Mexico
Branchinecta sandiegonensis
San Diego Fairy Shrimp
EN " A2c
Mexico, USA
Family BRANCHIPODIDAE
Parartemia contracta
Brine Shrimp
VU « D2
Australia
Family CHIROCEPHALIDAE
Chirocephalus croaticus
VU '" Bl+2bcde
Croatia, Slovenia
Chirocephalus pelagonicus
VU '" D2
Macedonia
Chirocephalus reiseri
VU '" D2
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Family LEVDERIELLroAE
Dexteria floridana
Florida Fairy Shrimp
CR « Bl+2c
USA
Family STREPTOCEPHALmAE
Streptocephalus dendrophorus
EN " Bl+2bd
South Africa
Streptocephalus dendyi
EN " Bl+2bd
South Africa
Streptocephalus gracilis
CR »' A2c, Bl+2bd
South Africa
Streptocephalus guzmani
EN '"' Bl+3cd
Mexico
Streptocephalus moorei
CR "" Bl+3d
Mexico
Streptocephalus woottoni
Riverside Fairy Shrimp
EN " A2c
Mexico, USA
Streptocephalus zuluensis
EN " Bl+2bd
South Africa, Zimbabwe
Family THAMNOCEPHALmAE
Branchinella alachua
Peninsula Fairy Shrimp
EN " Bl+2cd
USA
Branchinella apophysata
Fairy Shrimp
VU « D2
Australia
Branchinella basispina
Fairy Shrimp
VU « D2
Australia
Branchinella denticulata
Fairy Shrimp
VU " D2
Australia
Branchinella lithaca
Stone Mountain Fairy Shrimp
CR « Bl+2cd
USA
Branchinella simplex
Brine Shrimp
VU " D2
Australia
Branchinella wellardi
Fairy Shrimp
VU " D2
Australia
Order CALANOIDA
Family CENTROPAGmAE
Boeckella bispinosa
VU '« D2
Australia
Boeckella calcaris
VU '« D2
Bolivia, Peru
Boeckella geniculata
VU '« D2
Australia
Boeckella nyoraensis
VU '« D2
Australia
Boeckella shieli
VU '« D2
Australia
Calamoecia australica
VU '" D2
Australia
Calamoecia elongata
VU '« D2
Australia
Calamoecia zeidleri
VU '« D2
Australia
Hemiboeckella powellensis
VU '« D2
Australia
[swamp near L. Powell]
Family DIAPTOMIDAE
Aglaodiaptomus kingsburyae
VU '« D2
USA
Aglaodiaptomus marshianus
VU '« D2
USA
[L. Jackson]
Allodiaptomus satanas
VU "" D2
India
Arctodiaptomus burduricus
VU '*' D2
Turkey
[L. Burdur, L. Solda]
Arctodiaptomus euacanthus
VU '« D2
India
Arctodiaptomus kamtschaticus
VU '« D2
Russia
[L. Zelonoe]
Arctodiaptomus michaeli
VU '" D2
India
[L. Alapathar, L. Marsar]
91
Threatened Species
Dussartius baeticus
VU '« D2
Spain
[R. Quadalquivir]
Eodiaptomus lumholtzi
VU '» D2
Australia
Eodiaptomus shihi
VU '« D2
India
[Ghandisagar Reservoir]
Heliodiaptomus kolleruensis
VU '« D2
India
Heliodiaptomus pulcher
VU '« D2
India
Hesperodiaptomus augustaensis
VU '« D2
USA
Hesperodiaptomus californiensis
VU '« D2
USA
Lovenula excellens
VU « D2
South Africa
Lovenula simplex
VU '« D2
South Africa
Mastigodiaptomus purpureus
VU '■" D2
Cuba, Haiti?
Metadiaptomus capensis
VU "" D2
South Africa
Metadiaptomus purcelli
VU "' D2
South Africa
Neodiaptomus intermedius
VU '■" D2
India
Neodiaptomus laii
VU "" D2
Malaysia
[Pedu Reservoir and mining pools]
Neodiaptomus lymphatus
VU '« D2
Indonesia
[L. Tempe]
Neodiaptomus physalipus
VU '« D2
India
Notodiaptomus dubius
VU '« D2
Brazil
Notodiaptomus maracaibensis
VU '" D2
Venezuela
[L. Maracaibo]
Paradiaptomus natalensis
VU " D2
South Africa
Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae
VU "" D2
India
Skistodiaptomus carolinensis
VU »' D2
USA
[L. Ravenel]
Stygodiaptomus kieferi
VU '" D2
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Stygodiaptomus petkovskii
VU '« D2
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia
Thermodiaptomus galeboides
VU '« D2
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Tropodiaptomus burundensis
VU '« D2
Burundi
[R. Rusizi valley]
Tropodiaptomus kilimensis
VU '« D2
Tanzania
Tropodiaptomus kissi
VU '« D2
Rwanda
Tropodiaptomus neumanni
VU '•" Dl
Kenya
[L. Baringo, L. Naivasha]
Tropodiaptomus simplex
VU '« D2
Burundi, Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Tropodiaptomus stuhlmanni
VU '« D2
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Family EPACTERISCmAE
Erebonectes nesioticus
CR « Bl+2c
Bermuda
Family PLATYCOPimAE
Antriscopia prehensilis
CR '- Bl+2c
Bermuda
Nanocopia minuta
CR " Bl+2c
Bermuda
Family PSEUDOCYCLOPiroAE
Paracyclopia naessi
CR '•■ Bl+2c
Bermuda
Family TEMORIDAE
Epischura baikalensis
VU "' D2
Russia
[L. Baikal]
Order CONCHOSTRACA
Family LEPTESTHERnDAE
Eoleptestheria spinosa
VU "' Bl+2bcd+3c
Croatia, Yugoslavia
Family LEMNADIIDAE
Imnadia banatica
VU '" D2
Yugoslavia
Imnadia cristata
VU '" D2
Yugoslavia
Imnadia panonica
VU '" D2
Yugoslavia
Order CYCLGPOIDA
Family CYCLOPmAE
Acanthocyclops hypogeus
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Mesocyclops insulensis
VU '« D2
Mozambique
[L. Bemapaza]
Metacyclops gasparoi
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Metacyclops postojnae
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Tropocyclops federensis
VU '" D2
Brazil
Tropocyclops nananae
VU '« D2
Brazil
Family SPELEOITHONIDAE
SpeleoUhona bermudensis
CR '" B1+2C
Bermuda
92
Crustaceans ll^^~^
Order DECAPODA
Family ASTACmAE
Astacus astacus
Noble Crayfish
VU '" B2bce+3bcd
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cyprus [int], Czech Republic?,
Denmark, Hungary, Italy [int],
Latvia?, Lithuania, Moldova?,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania?, Russia, Slovakia,
Sweden, Switzerland [int], Ukraine,
United Kingdom [int], Yugoslavia
Austropotamobius pallipes
White-clawed Crayfish
VU '" B2bce+3bcd
Austria, Czech Republic?, France,
Germany, Hungary?, Ireland, Italy,
Portugal, Slovakia, Spain,
Switzerland, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia
Austropotamobius torrentium
Stone Crayfish
VU '" B2bce+3bcd
Austria, Czech Republic?, France,
Germany, Hungary, Slovakia,
Switzerland, Yugoslavia
Pacifastacus fortis
Shasta Crayfish
CR ' B1+2C
USA
Pacifastacus nigrescens
CR ' Bl+2c
USA (ex?)
Family ATYIDAE
Palaemonias alabamae
Alabama Cave Shrimp
EN « Bl+2c
USA
Palaemonias ganteri
Kentucky Cave Shrimp
EN " Bl+2c
USA
Syncaris pacifica
California Freshwater Shrimp
EN " Alee
USA
Troglocaris anophthalmus
VU '" Bl+2cde
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Typhlatya iliffei
CR " B1+2C
Bermuda
Typhlatya monae
Mona Cave Shrimp
VU " D2
Puerto Rico
Family CAMBAREDAE
Cambarellus blacki
Cypress Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarellus diminutus
Least Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarellus lesliei
VU ' B1-I-2C
USA
Cambarus aculabrum
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus batchi
Bluegrass Crayfish
VU ' BI-I-2C, Dl
USA
Cambarus bouchardi
Big South Fork Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Cambarus catagius
Greenshom Burrowing Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus chaugaensis
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Cambarus coosawattae
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Cambarus cryptodytes
Apalachicola Cave Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus cymatilis
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Cambarus deweesae
Valley Flame Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus elkensis
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus extraneus
Chickamanga Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus fasciatus
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus georgiae
Little Tennessee Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c,Dl
USA
Cambarus harti
Piedmont Blue Burrower
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus hiwasseensis
VU ' BH-2C
USA
Cambarus howardi
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus miltus
Rusty Grave Digger
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarus nerterius
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Cambarus obeyensis
Obey Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarus parrishi
VU ' B1-I-2C, Dl
USA
Cambarus pristinus
VU ' B1-I-2C, Dl
USA
Cambarus pyronotus
Red-black Crayfish
EN ' B1-I-2C
USA
Cambarus reburrus
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarus scotti
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarus speciosus
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Cambarus spicatus
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarus strigosus
EN ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarus subterraneus
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus tartarus
Oklahoma Cave Crayfish
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus truncatus
EN ' B1+2C
USA
93
Threatened Species
Cambarus unestami
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Cambarus veteranus
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarus williami
EN ' B1+2C
USA
Cambarus zophonastes
Hell Creek Crayfish
CR ' B1+2C
USA
Distocambarus devexus
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Distocambarus youngineri
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Fallicambarus burrisi
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Fallicambarus danielae
Speckled Burrowing Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Fallicambarus gilpini
VU ' B1+2C, Dl
USA
Fallicambarus gordoni
VU ' B1+2C, Dl
USA
Fallicambarus harpi
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Fallicambarus hortoni
Hatchie Burrowing Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Fallicambarus petilicarpus
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
Fallicambarus strawni
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Hobbseus attenuatus
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Hobbseus cristatus
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Hobbseus orconectoides
Oktibbeha Riverlet Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Hobbseus petilus
Tombigbee Riverlet Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Hobbseus valleculus
Choctaw Riverlet Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Hobbseus valobushensis
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Orconectes bisectus
Crittenden Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Orconectes blacki
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Orconectes cooperi
VU ' Bl+2c,Dl
USA
Orconectes deanae
Conchas Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Orconectes fiartfieldi
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes holti
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Orconectes incomptus
Tennessee Cave Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Orconectes jeffersoni
Louisville Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Orconectes jonesi
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes kentuckiensis
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Orconectes maletae
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes marchandi
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Orconectes menae
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes mississippiensis
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Orconectes peruncus
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes quadruncus
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes saxatilis
Kiamichi Crayfish
CR ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes shoupi
Nashville Crayfish
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
Orconectes sloanii
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Orconectes stannardi
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Orconectes wrighti
VU ' Bl+2c,Dl
USA
Procambarus acherontis
Orlando Cave Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus angustatus
CR ' B1+2C
USA (ex?)
Procambarus apalachicolae
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus attiguus
Silver Glen Springs Cave Crayfish
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus barbiger
Jackson Prarie Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus brazoriensis
Brazoria Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c,Dl
USA
Procambarus cometes
Mississippi Flatwoods Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus connus
Corrollton Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c,Dl
USA
Procambarus delicatus
Big-cheeked Cave Crayfish
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
94
Crustaceans /0^^»
Procambarus echinatus
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus econfinae
Panama City Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus erythrops
Santa Fe Cave Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus escambiensis
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus ferrugineus
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus fitzpatricki
Spiny-tail Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus franzi
Orange Lake Cave Fish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus gibbus
VU ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus horsti
Big Blue Spring Cave Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus lagniappe
Lagniappe Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus latipleurum
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus leitheuseri
Coastal Lowland Cave Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c,Dl
USA
Procambarus milleri
Miami Cave Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus morrisi
Putnam County Cave Crayfish
CR ' Bl+2ae,Cl+2b
USA
Procambarus nechesae
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus nigrocinctus
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus nueces
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus orcinus
Woodville Cave Crayfish
VU ' BI+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus pecki
Phantom Cave Crayfish
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus pictus
Black Creek Crayfish
VU ' BI+2C
USA
Procambarus plumimanus
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus pogum
Bearded Red Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus rathbunae
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus reimeri
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus steigmani
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus texanus
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
Family GECARCEVUCIDAE
Afrithelphusa afzelii
CR " C2a
Sierra Leone
Afrithelphusa gerhildae
CR « C2b
Guinea
Afrithelphusa leonensis
CR " C2b
Sierra Leone
Afrithelphusa monodosus
CR " C2b
Guinea
Globonautes macropus
Tree Hole Crab
CR " C2a
Guinea, Liberia
Family HIPPOLVTroAE
Barbouria cubensis
CR '" Bl+2c
Bermuda
Somersiella sterreri
CR " Bl+2c
Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba, Mexico
Family PALAEMONIDAE
Palaemonetes antrorum
Balcones Cave Shrimp
EN « Bl+2c
USA
Palaemonetes cummingi
Squirrel Chimney Cave Shrimp
VU « D2
USA
Family PARASTACIDAE
Astacoides crosnieri
EN » B1+2C
Madagascar
Astacoides petiti
EN « B1+2C
Madagascar
Astacopsis gouldi
Giant Tasmanian Lobster
EN " Alace, Bl+2abce
Australia
Cherax destructor
VU « Aide
Australia
Cherax quadricarinatus
VU " Aide
Australia
Cherax tenuimanus
Marron
VU « Aide
Australia
Engaeus australis
Lilly Pilly Burrowing Crayfish
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus curvisuturus
EN » Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus disjuncticus
EN '^ Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus granulatus
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus mallacoota
Mallacoota Burrowing Crayfish
EN « Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus martigener
Fumeaux Burrowing Crayfish
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus nulloporius
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
95
Threatened Species
Engaeus orramakunna
Mount Arthur Burrowing Crayfish
EN « Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus phyllocercus
Narracan Burrowing Crayfish
VU " Bl+2c
AustraHa
Engaeus rostrogaleatus
Strzelecki Burrowing Crayfish
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus spinicaudatus
Scottsdale Burrowing Crayfish
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus sternalis
Warragul Burrowing Crayfish
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Engaeus urostrictus
EN '^ Bl+2c
Australia
Engaewa similis
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus armatus
Murray River Cray
VU '- A lade
Australia
Euastacus bindal
EN » Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus bispinosus
Glenelg River Cray
VU ■•' A lade
Australia
Euastacus crassus
EN » Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus diversus
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus eungella
VU « B1+2C
Australia
Euastacus fleckeri
VU » B1+2C
Australia
Euastacus hystricosus
VU '•■ B1+2C
Australia
Euastacus jagara
EN '" Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus maidae
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus monteithorum
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus neodiversus
VU " Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus robertsi
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus setosus
VU '■• B1+2C
Australia
Euastacus urospinosus
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Euastacus yigara
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Family PINNOTHERmAE
Parapinnixa affinis
Califomian Bay Pea Crab
EN « Ale
USA
Family POTAMONAUTmAE
Louisea edeaensis
CR " Bl+2c
Cameroon
Family PROCARmroAE
Procaris chacei
CR " Bl+2c
Bermuda
Order HALOCYPRmA
Family HALOCYPRromAE
Spelaeoecia bermudensis
CR '* Bl+2c
Bermuda
Order HARPACTICOIDA
Family AMEIRTOAE
Nitocrella slovenica
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Nitocrella stochi
VU '" D2
Italy
Family CANTHOCAMPTmAE
Canthocamptus dedeckkeri
VU "" D2
Australia
Canthocamptus echinopyge
VU '« D2
Australia
Canthocamptus longipes
VU '" D2
Australia
Canthocamptus mammillifurca
VU »' D2
Australia
Canthocamptus sublaevis
VU '" D2
Australia
Canthocamptus tasmaniae
VU '" D2
Australia
Ceuthonectes rouchi
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Elaphoidella amabilis
VU '" D2
USA
Elaphoidella franci
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Elaphoidella jeanneli
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Elaphoidella kieferi
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Fibulacamptus bisetosus
VU '" D2
Australia
Fibulacamptus gracilior
VU '« D2
Australia
[R. Werribee]
Paramorariopsis anae
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Pseudomoraria triglavensis
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Family
DARCYTHOMPSONIIDAE
Leptocaris stromatolicola
VU '" D2
Mexico
Order ISOPODA
Family ANTHURIDAE
Currassanthura bermudensis
CR '" B1+2C
Bermuda
Family ASELLTOAE
Caecidotea barri
Clifton Cave Isopod
EN
USA
Bl+2c
96
Crustaceans /tfl^^'
Caecidotea macropoda
Bat Cave Isopod
VU " D2
USA
Caecidotea nickajackensis
Nickajack Cave Isopod
VU " D2
USA
Lirceus culveri
Rye Cove Cave Isopod
VU " D2
USA
Lirceus usdagalun
Lee County Cave Isopod
EN " Bl+2c
USA
Proasellus parvulus
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Proasellus slovenicus
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Family ATLANTASELLIDAE
Atlantasellus cavemicolus
CR " Bl+2c
Bermuda
Family CIROLANIDAE
Antrolana lira
Madison Cave Isopod
VU « D2
USA
Arubolana imula
VU " D2
Aruba
Bermudalana amboides
CR '* Bl+2c
Bermuda
Mexilana saluposi
VU " D2
Mexico
Speocirolana thermydromis
EN " Ale
Mexico
Sphaerolana affinis
EN " Ale
Mexico
Sphaerolana interstitialis
EN " Ale
Mexico
Sphaerolana karenae
VU '= D2
Mexico
Family PHREATOICmAE
Onchotelson brevicaudatus
VU " D2
Australia
Onchotelson spatulatus
VU " D2
Australia
Uramphisopus pearsoni
VU " D2
Australia
Family SPHAEROMATmAE
Monolistra bolei
EN '" B1+2C
Slovenia
Monolistra calopyge
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Monolistra schottlaenderi
VU '" D2
Italy
Monolistra spinosissima
EN '" Bl+2bce
Slovenia
Thermosphaeroma cavicauda
CR « Bl+2c
Mexico
Thermosphaeroma dugesi
CR " Bl+2c
Mexico
Thermosphaeroma macrura
CR " Bl+2c
Mexico
Thermosphaeroma milleri
EN " B1+2C
Mexico
Thermosphaeroma smithi
CR " Bl+2c
Mexico
Family STENASELLmAE
Mexistenasellus coahuila
EN " Ale
Mexico, USA
Mexistenasellus nulemex
VU « D2
Mexico
Mexistenasellus parzefalli
Parzefall's Stenasellid
VU « D2
Mexico
Mexistenasellus wilkensi
Wilken's Stenasellid
VU " D2
Mexico
Family TRICHONISCIDAE
Calconiscellus gotscheensis
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Haplophthalmus abbreviatus
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Haplophthalmus rhinoceros
VU '» D2
Slovenia
Metatrichoniscoides celticus
VU " D2
United Kingdom
Moserius percoi
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Order MICTACEA
Family MICTOCARIDIDAE
Mictocaris halope
CR '" Bl+2c
Bermuda
Order MISOPHRIOIDA
Family MISOPHRHDAE
Speleophria bivexilla
CR '" B1+2C
Bermuda
Speleophria scottodicarloi
CR '■• Bl+2c
Bermuda
Order MYODOCOProA
Family CYPRIDINroAE
Zonocypretta kalimna
Seed Shrimp
VU " D2
Australia
Order MYSroACEA
Family MYSIDAE
Bermudamysis speluncola
CR " BI+2C
Bermuda
Platyops sterreri
CR '- Bl+2c
Bermuda
Order NOTOSTRACA
Family TRIGPSmAE
Lepidurus packardi
EN '=
USA
A2c
Order PODOCOProA
Family CYPRIDmAE
Kapcypriodopsis barnardi
CR " Ala
South Africa
97
Threatened Species
Pseudocandona aemonae
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Pseudocandona cavicola
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Pseudocandona pretneri
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Pseudocandona trigonelia
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Family LIMNOCYTHERroAE
Leucocythere helenae
VU " D2
South Africa
Limnocythere porphyretica
Seed Shrimp
VU " D2
Australia
Family NOTODROMADIDAE
Newnhamiafuscata
Seed Shrimp
VU " D2
Australia
Newnhamia insolita
Seed Shrimp
VU « D2
Australia
Class INSECTA
Order ANOPLURA
Family HAEMATOPINIDAE
Haematopinus oliveri
Pygmy Hog Sucking Louse
CR '»' Ale, Bl+2cd,E
India
Order COLEOPTERA
Family ANTHICIDAE
Anthicus sacramento
Sacramento Beetle
EN '»' BI+2c
USA
Family BUPRESTIDAE
Buprestis splendens
Goldstreifiger
VU "" Ale
Albania, Austria, Belarus?,
Denmark?, Finland, Greece, Poland?,
Russia?, Spain, Sweden?,
Yugoslavia?
Family CARABIDAE
Carabus olympiae
VU "" Alacd+2c
France [int], Italy
Elaphrus viridis
Delta Green Ground Beetle
CR '«' Bl+2abc+3a
USA
Family CERAMBYCIDAE
Cerambyx cerdo
Cerambyx Longicom
VU "" Alc+2c
Algeria, Armenia?, Austria,
Azerbaijan?, Czech Republic,
France, Georgia?, Germany,
Hungary, Iran, Moldova?, Morocco,
Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzeriand,
Tunisia, Turkey?, Ukraine, United
Kingdom?
Macrodontia cervicomis
VU "" Ale
Brazil, Peru
Morimus funereus
VU '" Ale
Belgium?, Czech Republic?,
Germany?, Hungary, Moldova,
Romania, Slovakia?, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Rosalia alpina
Rosalia Longicom
VU "" Ale
Algeria, Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Denmark?, France,
Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iran?, Israel, Italy, Jordan?,
Lebanon?, Liechtenstein, Morocco,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia?, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Family CICINDELroAE
Cicindela columbica
Columbia River Tiger Beetle
VU '" Alc+2c
USA
Cicindela puritana
Puritan Tiger Beetle
EN" Albc,B2cd+3c-
USA
Family CUCUJIDAE
Cucujus cinnaberinus
VU '»' Ale
Austria, Czech Republic?, Estonia?,
Finland, Germany, Hungary, Latvia?,
Lithuania, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Yugoslavia
Family CURCULIGNmAE
Gymnopholus lichenifer
Lichen Weevil
VU '»' Alc+2cd, D2
Papua New Guinea
Family DYTISCIDAE
Acilius duvergeri
VU " Bl+2b
Algeria, Italy, Morocco, Portugal,
Spain
Agabus clypealis
EN " Bl+2b
Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia,
Sweden
Agabus discicollis
EN " Bl+2c
Ethiopia
Agabus hozgargantae
EN " Bl+2c
Spain
Deronectes aljibensis
EN " Bl+2c
Spain
Deronectes depressicollis
VU " Bl+2c
Spain
Deronectes ferrugineus
VU " B1+2C
Portugal
Dytiscus latissimus
VU " A2c, Bl+2a
Austria, Belarus, Belgium (ex),
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia
(ex?), Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France (ex), Germany (ex),
Hungary (ex?), Italy, Latvia,
Luxembourg (ex), Netherlands (ex),
Norway, Poland, Romania (ex?),
Russia, Slovakia (ex?), Sweden,
Switzerland (ex?), Ukraine
Craptodytes delectus
EN " B1+2C
Spain (Canary Is)
Hydrotarsus compunctus
CR " Bl+2c
Spain (Canary Is)
Hydrotarsus pilosus
EN " Bl+2c
Spain (Canary Is)
Meladema imbricata
CR " Ale
Spain (Canary Is)
Meladema lanio
VU " Bl+2b
Portugal (Madeira)
Rhantus alutaceus
EN " A2c
New Caledonia
98
Insects
W
Rhithrodytes agnus
EN " Bl+2c
Portugal
Family ELMINTHIDAE
Stenelmis gammoni
Gammon's Riffle Beetle
VU '^ D2
USA
[R. South Fork New]
Family LEIODIDAE
Glacicavicola bathysciodes
Blind Cave Beetle
VU '«' BI+2c
USA
Family LUCANffiAE
Colophon barnardi
EN '« Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon berrisfordi
CR " Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon cameroni
VU " Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon cassoni
CR '» Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon eastmani
EN " Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon haughtoni
EN " Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon montisatris
CR '" Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon neli
VU '» Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon primosi
CR '» Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon stokoei
VU " Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon thunbergi
EN " Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon westwoodi
VU " Bl+2e
South Africa
Colophon whitei
EN '« Bl+2e
South Africa
Family SCARABAEffiAE
Aegialia concinna
Ciervo Scarab Beetle
VU '«' D2
USA
Aegialia crescenta
Cresent Dune Scarab Beetle
VU "" D2
USA
Osmoderma eremita
Hermit Beetle
VU '»' Ale
Austria, Belarus?, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia?,
Finland, France, Gennany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania?, Moldova?, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Prodontria lewisi
Cromwell Chafer
CR '" Bl+2c
New Zealand
Pseudocotalpa giulianii
Giuliani's Dune Scarab Beetle
VU '»' D2
USA
Family SILPHTOAE
Nicrophorus americanus
American Burying Beetle
CR '" Ale
Canada (ex), USA
Family TENEBRIONmAE
Coelus globosus
Globose Dune Beetle
VU '" Ale
Mexico, USA
Coelus gracilis
San Joaquin Dune Beetle
VU "" Ale, D2
USA
Polposipus herculeanus
Frigate Island Giant Tenebrionid
Beetle
CR '"' B1+2C
Seychelles
Order DERMAPTERA
Family LABIDURffiAE
Labidura herculeana
Saint Helena Earwig
CR "" Bl+2a
St Helena
Order DIPTERA
Family BLEPHAROCERmAE
Edwardsina gigantea
Giant Torrent Midge
EN '" B1+2C
Australia
Edwardsina tasmaniensis
Tasmanian Torrent Midge
CR '" A2c, Bl+2c
Australia
[R. Dennison]
Family PSYCHODmAE
Nemapalpus nearcticus
Sugarfoot Moth Fly
EN "" Bl+2abcd
USA
Family TABANIDAE
Brennania belkini
Belkin's Dune Tabanid Fly
VU '« A2ce
Mexico, USA
Order EPHEMEROPTERA
Family SIPHLONURIDAE
Tasmanophlebia lacus-coerulei
Large Blue Lake Mayfly
VU '" D2
Australia
Order GRYLLOBLATTARIA
Family GRYLLOBLATTIDAE
Grylloblatta chirurgica
Mount St Helens' Grylloblattid
VU "" Alc+2c,D2
USA
Order HYMENOPTERA
Family FORMICIDAE
Acanthomyops latipes
VU '" D2
USA
Acanthomyops murphyi
VU '" D2
USA
Adetomyrma venatrix
CR "" Bl+2c
Madagascar
Anergates atratulus
VU '" D2
France, Germany, Greece, Italy,
Spain, Switzerland
99
Threatened Species
Aneuretus simoni
Sri Lankan Relict Ant
CR '" Bl+2c
Sri Lanka
Anoplolepis nuptialis
VU '" D2
South Africa
Antichthonidris bidentatus
VU '" D2
Argentina
Aphaenogaster bidentatus
VU '" D2
USA
Camponotus universitatis
VU '" D2
France, Switzerland
Cardiocondyla zoserka
VU '« D2
Nigeria
Cataglyphis hannae
VU ■" D2
Tunisia
Chalepoxenus brunneus
VU '" D2
Algeria, Morocco
Chalepoxenus kutteri
VU '" D2
France
Chalepoxenus muellerianus
VU "" D2
Italy
Chalepoxenus spinosus
VU '" D2
Kazakhstan
Chalepoxenus tarbinskii
VU "" D2
Kyrgyzstan
Chalepoxenus tauricus
VU '" D2
Ukraine
Chalepoxenus tramieri
VU "» D2
Morocco
Chalepoxenus zabelini
VU '" D2
Turkmenistan
Conomyrma medeis
VU '" D2
USA
Conomyrma reginicola
VU "» D2
USA
Crematogaster atilanica
VU '« D2
Guatemala
Crematogaster creightoni
VU '« D2
USA
Doronomyrmex goesswaldi
VU '« D2
Germany
Doronomyrmex kutteri
VU '« D2
Germany
Doronomyrmex pacts
VU '" D2
Switzerland
Doronomyrmex pocahontas
VU '" D2
Canada
Epimymra adlerzi
VU ■" D2
Greece
Epimyrma africana
VU '« D2
Algeria
Epimyrma algeriana
VU '" D2
Algeria
Epimyrma bernardi
VU '" D2
Spain
Epimyrma Corsica
VU '" D2
France
Epimyrma goridaghini
VU "» D2
Russia
Epimyrma kraussei
VU '« D2
Italy
Epimyrma ravouxi
VU '« D2
France
Epimyrma stumperi
VU "" D2
Switzerland
Epimyrma tamarae
VU '" D2
Georgia
Epimyrma zaleskyi
VU '" D2
Czech Republic
Formica dirksi
VU '" D2
USA
Formica talbotae
VU '" D2
USA
Formicoxenus chamberlini
VU "■' D2
USA
Formicoxenus nitidulus
VU '« A2c
Austria, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland,
Sweden, Switzerland
Formicoxenus provancheri
VU '« D2
Canada, USA
Formicoxenus quebecensis
VU '« D2
Canada
Formicoxenus sibiricus
VU '« D2
Russia
Harapgoxenus zaisanicus
VU '« D2
Mongolia
Harpagoxenus canadensis
VU '« D2
Canada, USA
Harpagoxenus sublaevis
VU '« A2c
Austria, Freince, Germany, Italy,
Switzerland
Kyidris media
VU '" D2
Papua New Guinea
Kyidris yaleogyna
VU "" D2
Papua New Guinea
Lasius reginae
VU '« A2c
Austria
Leptothorax buschingeri
VU '" D2
Switzerland
Leptothorax duloticus
VU '" D2
USA
Leptothorax ergatogyna
VU '« D2
France
Leptothorax faberi
VU '« D2
Canada
Leptothorax minutissimus
VU '« D2
USA
Manica parasitica
VU '" D2
USA
Megalomyrmex symmetochus
VU '« D2
Panama
Monomorirm noualhieri
VU "» D2
Algeria
100
Insects
w
Monomorium effractor
VU '" D2
India
Monomorium hospitum
VU "» D2
Singapore
Monomorium inquilinum
VU '« D2
Mexico
Monomorium pergandei
VU '" D2
USA
Monomorium santschU
VU '» D2
Tunisia
Monomorium talbotae
VU ■" D2
USA
Myrmecia inquUina
VU '" D2
Australia
Myrmecoxenus gordiagini
VU '" D2
Russia, Yugoslavia
Myrmica bibikoffi
VU '« D2
Switzerland
Myrmica colax
VU '" D2
USA
Myrmica ereptrix
VU "■' D2
India
Myrmica faniensis
VU "» D2
Belgium
Myrmica hirsuta
VU '" D2
United Kingdom
Myrmica kabylica
VU '« D2
Algeria
Myrmica lampra
VU '" D2
Canada
Myrmica laurae
VU '« D2
Italy
Myrmica lemasnei
VU '« D2
France, Spain
Myrmica myrmicoxena
VU '« D2
Switzerland
Myrmica quebecensis
VU '" D2
Canada
Myrmica samnitica
VU "» D2
Italy
Myrmica symbiotica
VU '« D2
Italy
Myrmica winterae
VU '« D2
Switzerland
Nothomyrmecia macrops
Australian Ant
CR '" B1+2C
Australia
Oxyepoecus bruchi
VU ■« D2
Argentina
Oxyepoecus daguerrei
VU '« D2
Argentina
Oxyepoecus inquilina
VU '« D2
Argentina
Parapheidole oculta
VU '" D2
Madagascar
Pheidole acutidens
VU '« D2
Argentina
Pheidole argentina
VU '« D2
Argentina
Pheidole elecebra
VU '" D2
USA
Pheidole inquilina
VU '" D2
USA
Pheidole lanuginosa
VU "" D2
India
Pheidole microgyna
VU '« D2
Guyana
Pheidole neokohli
VU '" D2
Zaire
Pheidole parasitica
VU '" D2
India
Pheidole symbiotica
VU '" D2
Argentina
Plagiolepis ampeloni
VU '" D2
Austria
Plagiolepis grassei
VU '« D2
France
Plagiolepis regis
VU '" D2
Russia
Pogonomyrmex anergismus
VU '« D2
USA
Pogonomyrmex colei
VU '« D2
USA
Polyergus breviceps
VU "■' D2
USA
Polyergus lucidus
VU '« D2
USA
Polyergus nigerrimus
VU '« D2
Russia
Polyergus samurai
VU '" D2
Japan
Protomognathus americanus
VU '« D2
USA
Pseudoatta argentina
VU '« D2
Argentina
Pseudomyrmex leptosus
VU '" D2
USA
Rhoptromyrmex mayri
VU '" D2
India
Rhoptromyrmex schmitzi
VU '" D2
Israel
Rossomrymex proformicarum
VU '" D2
Russia
Rossomyrmex minuchae
VU '" D2
Spain
Serrastruma inquilina
VU '" D2
Zaire
Solenopsis acuminata
VU '" D2
Argentina
Solenopsis daguerrei
VU "" D2
Argentina, Uruguay
Solenopsis solenopsidis
VU '" D2
Argentina
101
Threatened Species
Strongylognathus afer
VU '<" D2
Algeria
Strongylognathus alboini
VU "■' D2
Italy
Strongylognathus alpinus
VU '" D2
Switzerland
Strongylognathus arnoldii
VU '« D2
Russia
Strongylognathus caecilia
VU •« D2
Spain
Strongylognathus cecconii
VU '« D2
Italy
Strongylognathus chelifer
VU '" D2
Russia
Strongylognathus christophi
VU '" D2
Russia
Strongylognathus dalmaticus
VU "" D2
Croatia
Strongylognathus destefanii
VU '" D2
Italy
Strongylognathus emeryi
VU "" D2
Italy
Strongylognathus foreli
VU "» D2
Algeria
Strongylognathus huberi
VU '» D2
Italy, Switzerland
Strongylognathus insularis
VU '" D2
Italy
Strongylognathus italicus
VU '" D2
Italy
Strongylognathus karawajevi
VU '" D2
Ukraine
Strongylognathus kervillei
VU '« D2
Turkey
Strongylognathus koreanus
VU '« D2
North Korea, South Korea
Strongylognathus kratochvilli
VU '" D2
Czech Republic
Strongylognathus minutus
VU '" D2
Turkmenistan
Strongylognathus palaestinensis
VU '" D2
Israel
Strongylognathus pisarskii
VU '« D2
Italy
Strongylognathus rehbinderi
VU '« D2
Georgia
Strongylognathus ruzskyi
VU '« D2
Russia
Strongylognathus silvestrii
VU "» D2
Greece
Strumigenys xenos
VU '" D2
Australia, New Zealand
Teleutomyrmex kutteri
VU '" D2
Spain
Teleutomyrmex schneideri
VU '" D2
France, Switzerland
Tetramorium microgyna
VU '" D2
South Africa, Zimbabwe
Tetramorium parasiticum
VU '" D2
South Africa
Order LEPIDOPTERA
Family HESPERimAE
Hesperia dacotae
Dakota Skipper
VU '" Alc+2c
Canada, USA
Family LASIOCAMPffiAE
Phyllodesma ilicifolia
Small Lappet Moth
VU "" Ale
Austria?, Belarus?, Belgium, China,
Czech Republic?, Denmark,
Estonia?, Finland, France, Germany,
Italy?, Japan, Kazakhstan?, Latvia?,
Lithuania?, Mongolia?, Norway?,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia?,
Spain?, Sweden, Switzerland?,
Ukraine?
Family LYCAENTOAE
Acrodipsas illidgei
Illidge's Ant-blue
EN " B1+2C
Australia
Agriades zullichi
EN " B1+2C
Spain
Alaena margaritacea
VU " D2
South Africa
Aloeides caledoni
VU " D2
South Africa
Aloeides carolynnae
VU " D2
South Africa
Aloeides dentatis
VU " D2
Lesotho, South Africa
Aloeides egerides
VU " B1+2C
South Africa
Aloeides kaplani
VU " D2
South Africa
Aloeides lutescens
VU " D2
South Africa
Aloeides merces
VU " D2
South Africa
Aloeides nollothi
VU " D2
South Africa
Aloeides nubilus
VU " D2
South Africa
A loeides pringlei
VU " D2
South Africa
Aloeides rossouwi
VU " D2
South Africa
Arawacus aethesa
EN " Bl+2c
Brazil
Aslauga australis
VU " D2
South Africa
Capys penningtoni
VU " D2
South Africa
Chrysoritis cotrelli
CR " B1+2C
South Africa
Cyanophrys bertha
VU " B1+2C
Brazil
Erikssonia acraeina
VU " D2
South Africa, Zaire, Zambia
102
Insects
w
lolaus lulua
White Spotted Sapphire
VU " D2
South Africa
Joiceya praeclarus
EN '' B1+2C
Brazil
Lepidochrysops badhami
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops balli
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops jefferyi
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops littoralis
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops loewensteini
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops lotana
CR " Bl+2c
South Africa
Lepidochrysops oosthuizen
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops outeniqua
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops penningtoni
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops pephredo
VU '' D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops poseidon
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops pringlei
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops quickelbergei
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops swanepoeli
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops titei
VU " Bl+2c
South Africa
Lepidochrysops victori
VU " D2
South Africa
Lepidochrysops wykehami
VU " D2
South Africa
Lycaena hermes
Hermes Copper
VU " D2
Mexico, USA
Nirodia belphegor
EN " Bl+2c
Brazil
Orachrysops ariadne
VU " D2
South Africa
Orachrysops niobe
EN " Bl+2c
South Africa
Oxychaeta dicksoni
Dickson's Copper
EN " Bl+2c
South Africa
Parahicia spinifera
Bathurst Copper
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Phasis pringlei
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis adonis
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis azurius
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis balli
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis daphne
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis endymion
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis henningi
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis hyperion
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis Irene
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis kaplani
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis lyncurium
Tsomo River Copper
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis lyndseyae
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis orientalis
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis penningtoni
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis pyramus
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis rileyi
EN " Bl+2c
South Africa
Poecilmitis stepheni
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis swanepoeli
EN " Bl+3d
South Africa
Poecilmitis trimeni
VU " D2
South Africa
Poecilmitis wykehami
VU " D2
South Africa
Polyommatus galloi
Higgin's Anomalous Blue
EN " Bl+2c
Italy
Polyommatus golgus
Sierra Nevada Blue
EN " B1+2C
Spain
Polyommatus humedasae
Piedmont Anomalous Blue
CR " Bl+2ce
Italy
Strymon avalona
Avalon Hairstreak
VU " D2
USA
Thestor compassbergae
VU " D2
South Africa
Thestor dryburghi
VU " D2
South Africa
Thestor kaplani
Kaplan's Thestor
VU " D2
South Africa
103
Threatened Species
The star pringlei
VU " D2
South Africa
Thestor rossouwi
VU " D2
South Africa
Thestor stepheni
VU " D2
South Africa
Thestor strutti
VU " D2
South Africa
Thestor swanepoeli
VU " D2
South Africa
Thestor tempe
VU " D2
South Africa
Thestor yildizae
VU " B1+2C
South Africa
Trimenia wallengrenii
Wallengren's Copper
EN " Bl+2c
South Africa
Family NYMPHALmAE
Amauris comorana
Comoro Friar
EN '"' Bl+2c,C2b
Comoros
Amauris nossima
Madagascar! Friar
VU '»' Bl+2c
Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte
Amauris phoedon
Mauritian Friar
VU '"' B1+2C
Mauritius
Boloria acrocnema
Uncompahgre Fritillary Butterfly
VU '" D2
USA
Euploea albicosta
Bialc Darl< Crow
EN '"' Bl+2c
Indonesia
Euploea andamanensis
Andaman Crow
VU "" B1+2C
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is),
Myanmar
Euploea caespes
Murphy's Crow
EN "" Bl+2c, C2a
Indonesia
Euploea Cordelia
Cordelia's Crow
VU '"' B1+2C
Indonesia
Euploea euphon
Mascarene Crow
VU '»' B1+2C
Mauritius (ex) (Rodrigues), Reunion
Euploea lacon
Spartan Crow
VU '"' B1+2C
Papua New Guinea
Euploea magou
the Magou
VU '»' B1+2C
Indonesia
Euploea mitra
Seychelles Crow
EN '»' Bl+2c
Seychelles
Euploea scherzeri
Nicobar Crow
VU '»' B1+2C
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Euploea tripunctata
Biak Threespot Crow
EN "' B1+2C
Indonesia
Heliconius nattereri
Natterer's Longwing
CR '»' B1+2C
Brazil
Idea electro
Electra's Tree-nymph
VU '»' Bl+2c
Philippines
Idea tamhusisiana
Bedford-Russell's Tree-nymph
VU '»' Bl+2c
Indonesia
Ideopsis hewitsonii
Hewitson's Small Tree-nymph
EN '»' Bl+2c
Indonesia
Ideopsis oberthurii
VU '»' B1+2C
Indonesia
Paralitica clinias
New Ireland Yellow Tiger
VU '°= B1-H2C
Papua New Guinea
Paralitica dahrerai
D'Abrera's Tiger
VU '»' Bl-h2c
Indonesia
Paralitica dannatti
Dannatt's Tiger
VU "» B1-I-2C
Philippines
Paralitica davidi
David's Tiger
CR "" Ale, Bl+2abde, C2b
Philippines
Paralitica garamantis
Angled Tiger
VU '»' B1+2C
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Paralitica hypowattan
Morishita's Tiger
VU "" B1-H2C
Indonesia
Paralitica kuekenthali
Kuekenthal's Yellow Tiger
EN '°= B1-I-2C
Indonesia
Paralitica marcia
Biak Tiger
EN "" Bl+2c
Indonesia
Paralitica milagros
Milagros' Tiger
EN '»' Bl+2c
Philippines
Paralitica philo
Sumbawa Tiger
VU '»' B1+2C
Indonesia
Paralitica phyle
Felder's Tiger
VU '»' B1-H2C
Philippines
Paralitica schoenigi
Father Schoenig's Chocolate
EN '"' Bl-h2c
Philippines
Paralitica sulewattan
Bonthain Tiger
EN '"' B1-H2C
Indonesia
Paralitica timorica
Timor Yellow Tiger
EN "« Bl+2c
Indonesia
Paralitica toxopei
Toxopeus' Yellow Tiger
VU '»' B1-H2C
Indonesia
Paralitica wegneri
Flores Tiger
VU "" B1+2C
Indonesia
104
Insects
w
Tiradelphe schneideri
Schneider's Surprise
EN ">' Bl+2c
Solomon Islands
Tirumala euploeomorpha
Crow Tiger
VU "" Bl+2c
Solomon Islands
Family PAPILIONIDAE
Atrophaneura atropos
VU " Ale, D2
Philippines
Atrophaneura jophon
Sri Lankan Rose
CR "' Bl+2ac
Sri Lanka
Atrophaneura luchti
VU " D2
Indonesia
Atrophaneura schadenbergi
VU " Alc+2c
Philippines
Battus zetides
Zetides Swallowtail
VU " Alc,Bl+2c
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Bhutanitis ludlowi
Ludlow's Bhutan Swallowtail
VU " D2
Bhutan
Eurytides iphitas
Yellow Kite Swallowtail
VU " Alee
Brazil
Eurytides marcellinus
Jamaican Kite
VU " B2bc+3d
Jamaica
Graphium epaminondas
Andamans Swordtail
VU " A2e
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Graphium idaeoides
VU " A2c
Philippines
Graphium levassori
EN " Bl+2c
Comoros
Graphium meeki
Meek's Graphium
VU " Bl+2cd
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Graphium megaera
VU " A2c
Philippines
Graphium procles
VU " A2c, D2
Malaysia
Graphium sandawanum
EN " Bl+2ae
Philippines
Graphium stresemanni
VU " Bl+2ad
Indonesia
Ornithoptera aesacus
VU " D2
Indonesia
Ornithoptera alexandrae
Queen Alexandra's Birdwing
EN " Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea
Ornithoptera croesus
EN " Bl+2e
Indonesia
Ornithoptera meridionalis
EN " Bl+2c
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Ornithoptera rothschildi
Rothschild's Birdwing
VU " D2
Indonesia
Papilio aristophontes
EN " B1+2C
Comoros
Papilio carolinensis
VU " D2
Philippines
Papilio chikae
EN " Bl+2e
Philippines
Papilio esperanza
VU " D2
Mexico
Papilio homerus
Homerus Swallowtail
EN " Bl+2cd
Jamaica
Papilio hospiton
Corsican Swallowtail
EN " Bl+2c
France, Italy
Papilio jordani
Jordan's Swallowtail
VU " D2
Indonesia
Papilio leucotaenia
Cream-banded Swallowtail
VU " B1+2C
Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda
Papilio mangoura
VU " B1+2C
Madagascar
Papilio moerneri
EN " Bl+2c
Papua New Guinea
Papilio neumoegeni
VU " Bl+2e, D2
Indonesia
Papilio osmana
VU " Bl+2e, D2
Philippines
Papilio phorbanta
Papillon La Pature
VU " Bl+2ae
Reunion
Parides ascanius
Fluminense Swallowtail
VU " Bl+2ac
Brazil
Pamassius apollo
Apollo
VU " Alcde
Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan?, Bulgaria, China, Czech
Republic, Finland, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary?, Iran,
Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Liechtenstein, Mongolia,
Netherlands?, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Pamassius autocrator
VU " D2
Afghanistan, Tajikistan
Troides dohertyi
Talaud Black Birdwing
VU " Bl+2c
Indonesia
Troides prattorum
VU " D2
Indonesia
Family SPHEVGIDAE
Euproserpinus wiesti
Prairie Sphinx Moth
CR '" Bl+2c
USA
Order ODONATA
Family AESHNIDAE
Acanthaeshna victoria
VU '" B1+2C
Australia
Aeshna meruensis
EN '" Bl+2c
Tanzania
Aeshna persephone
VU '^ B1+2C
USA
105
Threatened Species
Aeshna williamsoniana
EN '=' Ale
Mexico
Cephalaeschna acutifrons
VU '" B1+2C
India
Oligoaeschna kunigamiensis
EN '" B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family AMPHIPTERYGroAE
Amphipteryx agrioides
EN '" Ale
Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico
Family CALOPTERYGmAE
Calopteryx syriaca
EN "' A2c
Jordan, Syria, Turkey
Hetaerina rudis
EN '-' Bl+2c
Guatemala, Mexico
Family CHLOROCYPHmAE
Rhinocypha hageni
EN '" Bl+2c
Philippines
Rhinocypha UUimaculata
EN '" B1+2C
Philippines
Rhinocypha ogasawarensis
CR '-' Bl+2c
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Rhinocypha uenoi
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family COENAGRIONIDAE
Argiagrion leoninum
EN '" Bl+2c
Sierra Leone
Argiocnemis solitaria
CR '" Bl+2c
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Argiocnemis umbargae
EN '" Bl+2c
Cameroon
Boninagrion ezoin
CR '" Bl+2c
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Coenagrion mercuriale
Southern Damselfly
VU '^ A2c
Albania?, Algeria, Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria?, Czech Republic?, France,
Germany, Hungary?, Italy,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,
Moldova?, Morocco, Netherlands,
Portugal, Romania?, Slovakia?,
Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia,
Ukraine?, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia?
Enallagma camerunense
EN '=' BI+2c
Cameroon
Enallagma recurvatum
Barrens Bluet Damselfly
VU '^ A2c
USA
Ischnura gemina
San Francisco Forktail Damselfly
EN '" A2e
USA
Megalagrion adytum
Adytum Damselfly
VU '=' Bl+2c
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Megalagrion leptodemas
Leptodemas Damselfly
EN '" Bl+2c
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Megalagrion nigrolineatum
Black-lined Damselfly
VU '" Bl+2c
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Megalagrion oahuense
Oahu Damselfly
VU ■" B1+2C
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Megalagrion oceanicum
Oceanic Damselfly
VU '" B1+2C
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Megalagrion pacificum
Pacific Damselfly
VU '" B1+2C
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Megalagrion xanthomelas
Orange-black Damselfly
VU '" B1+2C
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Mortonagrion hirosei
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan
Nehalennia pallidula
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Family CORDULEGASTERTOAE
Chlorogomphus iriomotensis
EN '" Bl-f2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Cordulegaster mzymtae
VU '-' B1-I-2C
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Russia?, Turkey
Zoraena sayi
Florida Spiketail Dragonfly
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Family CORDULIIDAE
Austrocordulia leonardi
CR '" B1-H2C
Australia
Hemicordulia ogasawarensis
EN '" B1-H2C
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hemicordulia okinawensis
VU '=3 B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Libellulosoma minuta
VU '" B1+2C
Madagascar
Macromia ishidai
EN '" Bl-^2c
Japan
Macromia kubokaiya
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Macromia splendens
Shining Macromia Dragonfly
VU '" Bl+2c
France, Portugal, Spain
Macromia urania
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan
Oxygastra curtisii
Orange-spotted Emerald
VU '" Ale
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,
Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal,
Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Somatochlora brevicincta
VU '== D2
Canada
Somatochlora hineana
Ohio Emerald Dragonfly
EN '^' Bl-h2c
USA
Somatochlora margarita
Big Thicket Emerald Dragonfly
VU '" D2
USA
Williamsonia lintneri
Banded Bog Skimmer Dragonfly
VU '^^ A2c
USA
Family EPIOPHLEBIIDAE
Epiophlebia laidlawi
Relict Himalayan Dragonfly
VU '" B1-H2C
India, Nepal
106
Insects
w
Family GOMPHTOAE
Asiagomphus yayeyamensis
EN '" B1+2C
Japan
Burmagomphus sivalikensis
CR '" Ale
India
Comigomphus guineensis
EN '-' Ale
Equatorial Guinea
Diaphlebia pallidistylus
EN '" Ale
Costa Rica
Epigomphus camelus
EN '-' Ale
Costa Rica
Epigomphus clavatus
EN '^' Ale
Guatemala
Epigomphus crepidus
EN '2' Ale
Mexico
Epigomphus paulsoni
EN '^' Ale
Mexico
Epigomphus subsimilis
EN '^' Ale
Costa Rica
Epigomphus verticornis
EN '» Ale
Costa Rica
Gomphurus consanguis
Cherokee Clubtail Dragonfly
VU '" Bl+2e
USA
Gomphurus lynnae
EN '-' Bl+2c
USA
Gomphus graslini
VU '^ B1+2C
France, Spain
Gomphus sandrius
Tennessee Clubtail Dragonfly
EN '=» Ale
USA
Gomphus septima
Septima's Clubtail Dragonfly
VU '» B1+2C
USA
Isomma hieroglyphicum
VU '" Ale
Madagascar
Leptogomphus yayeyamensis
EN '" Bl+2e
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Onychogomphus assimilis
VU ''-" Bl+2e
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Turkey
Onychogomphus macrodon
EN '" Bl+2e
Israel, Jordan, Turkey
Ophiogomphus acuminatus
VU '-' A2c
USA
Ophiogomphus edmundo
Edmund's Snaketail Dragonfly
EN '-' Bl+2e
USA
Ophiogomphus howei
Howe's Midget Snaketail Dragonfly
VU '^ A2c
USA
Paragomphus sinaiticus
VU '^ A2e
Egypt, Niger, Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Sudan
Progomphus bellei
Belle's Sand Clubtail
VU '^ A2c
USA
Progomphus risi
EN '" Ale
Mexico
Stylurus potulentus
Yellow-sided Clubtail
VU '" A2e
USA
Stylurus townesi
Bronze Clubtail Dragonfly
VU '" A2c
USA
Family HEMIPHLEBiroAE
Hemiphlebia mirabilis
VU '" B1+2C
Australia
Family LESTIDAE
Indolestes boninensis
CR '» Bl+2c
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Family LIBELLULroAE
AHorhizucha campioni
EN '" Ale
Sierra L^one
Boninthemis insularis
CR ''-^ Bl+2c
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Brachythemis fuscopalliata
VU "^ Bl-h2e
Iraq, Israel, Turkey
Brachythemis liberiensis
CR '" Ale
Guinea-Bissau
Libellula angelina
CR '" Ale
Japan
Libellula jesseana
Purple Chaser
VU '^ A2e
USA
Lyriothemis tricolor
EN '^ Bl-H2e
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Monardithemis flava
VU '" Bl-t-2c
Angola, Zambia
Palpopleura albifrons
CR '" Ale
Gabon
Trithemis hartwigi
EN '» Ale
Equatorial Guinea
Trithemis nigra
CR '" Bl-H2e
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Family MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE
Amanipodagrion gilliesi
EN '-' B1-H2C
Tanzania
Heteragrion eboratum
EN '» Ale
Guatemala, Honduras
Heteragrion tricellulare
EN '^' Ale
Guatemala, Mexico
Hypolestes clara
EN '" Ale
Jamaica
Hypolestes trinitatis
EN '-' Ale
Cuba
Paraphlebia zoe
EN '» Ale
Mexico
Rhipidolestes okinawanus
EN '^' BU2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Thaumatoneura inopinata
EN '" Ale
Costa Rica, Panama
Family PETALURIDAE
Petalura pulcherrima
EN '" Bl-i-2e
Australia
107
Threatened Species
Family PLATYCNEMIDroAE
Platycnemis mauriciana
CR '" Bl+2c
Mauritius
Family PLATYSTICXroAE
Palaemnema chiriquita
EN '-' Ale
Costa Rica
Palaemnema gigantula
EN '" Ale
Costa Rica
Palaemnema melanota
EN •=' Ale
Costa Rica
Palaemnema paulicoba
EN '" Ale
Mexico
Palaemnema reventazoni
EN ■" Ale
Costa Rica
Family PSEUDOSTIGMAXroAE
Mecistogaster asticta
VU '" Ale
Brazil
Mecistogaster pronoti
CR '" Ale
Brazil
Family SYNLESTIDAE
Chlorolestes apricans
EN '-' Bl+2ab
South Africa
Ecchlorolestes peringueyi
EN '" Bl+2c
South Africa
Phylolestes ethelae
VU '" Ale, Bl+2c
Dominican Republic
Order ORTHOPTERA
Family ACRIDIDAE
Acrolophitus pulchellus
Idaho Point-headed Grasshopper
VU '" Bl+2bd
USA
Appalachia arcena
Michigan Bog Grasshopper
VU '" Bl+2bd
USA
Chloaeltis aspasma
Siskiyou Chloealtis Grasshopper
VU '" Bl+2bd
USA
Chortippus acroleucus
VU '^ Bl-i-2bd
Hungary, Romania
Miramella irena
VU '-' Bl+2d
Hungary, Romania
Odontopodisma montana
VU '" Bl+2d
Hungary, Romania
Odontopodisma rubripes
VU '^ Bl+2d
Hungary
Schayera baiulus
CR '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Spharagemon superbum
VU '^ Bl+2bd
USA
Stenobothrodes eurasius
VU '" Bl+2d
Hungary, Romania
Trimerotropis infantilis
Zyantc Band-winged Grasshopper
EN '« Ale
USA
Trimerotropis occidentaloides
Santa Monica Mountains
Grasshopper
EN '« Ale
USA
Trimerotropis occulens
Lompoc Grasshopper
EN '" Ale
USA
Zubovskia banatica
VU '" Bl-i-2d
Hungary, Romania
Family EUMASTACmAE
Eumorsea pinaleno
Pinaleno Monkey Grasshopper
VU '^ Bl+2bd
USA
Psychomastatix deserticola
Desert Monkey Grasshopper
VU '" Bl+2bd
USA
Family GRYLLmAE
Caconemobius howarthi
Howarth's Cave Cricket
VU '^ D2
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Caconemobius schauinslandi
Schauinsland's Bush Cricket
VU '-' D2
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Caconemobius varius
Kaumana Cave Cricket
VU '" Bl+2bd,C2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Cycloptilum irregularis
Keys Scaly Cricket
VU '" C2a, D2
USA
Oecanthus laricis
Laricis Tree Cricket
EN "' Bl+2b
USA
ThauTTmtogryllus cavicola
Volcanoes Cave Cricket
VU '^' D2
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Thaumatogryllus variegatus
Kauai Thin-footed Bush Cricket
VU '" Bl-h2bd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE
Daihinibaenetes arizonensis
Arizona Giant Sand Treader Cricket
VU '^ Bl+2bd
USA
Macrobaenetes kelsoensis
Kelso Giant Sand Treader Cricket
VU '" Bl-H2bd
USA
Macrobaenetes valgum
Coachelia Giant Sand Treader
Cricket
VU '^ Bl+2bd
USA
Tasmanoplectron isolatum
VU '" Dl+2
Australia
Utabaenetes tanneri
Tanner's Black Camel Cricket
VU '^ Bl-h2bd
USA
Family STENOPELMATIDAE
Ammopelmatus kelsoensis
Kelso Jerusalem Cricket
VU '" Bl-^2bd
USA
Ammopelmatus muwu
Port Conception Jerusalem Cricket
VU '^ Bl-^2bd
USA
Deinacrida fallai
Poor Knights Weta
VU '" D2
New Zealand
Deinacrida heteracantha
Wetapunga
VU "" D2
New Zealand
108
Earthworms
Deinacrida rugosa
Stephens Island Weta
VU '" D2
New Zealand
Stenopelmatus cahuilaensis
Coachella Valley Jerusalem Cricket
VU '^ Bl+2bd
USA
Stenopelmatus navajo
Navajo Jerusalem Cricket
VU '^ Bl+2bd
USA
Family TETRIGIDAE
Bienkotetrix transsylvanicus
VU '^ Bl+2d
Hungary, Romania
Tetrix sierrana
Sierra Pygmy Grasshopper
VU '^ D2
USA
Tettigidea empedonepia
Torreya Pygmy Grasshopper
CR '" BI+2bd
USA
Family TETTIGONIIDAE
Austrosaga spinifer
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Baetica ustulala
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Spain
Banza nihoae
Nihoa Banza Conehead Katydid
VU '" Bl+2bd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Belocephalus micanopy
Big Pine Key Conehead Katydid
VU '" Bl+2bd
USA
Belocephalus sleighti
Keys Short-winged Conehead
Katydid
VU '^ Bl+2bd
USA
Conocephaloides remotus
Remote Conehead Katydid
VU '^ Bl+2bd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hemisaga elongata
CR '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Hemisaga lucifer
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Hemisaga vepreculae
VU '" Bl+2bd
Australia
Idiostatus middlekaufi
Middlekauf s Shieldback Katydid
CR '=5 Bl+2bd
USA
Isophya harzi
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Hungary, Romania
Ixalodectes flectocercus
CR '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Kawanphila pachomai
EN '^ BH-2bd
Australia
Metrioptera domogledi
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Hungary, Romania
Nanodectes bulbicercus
CR '" Bl+2bd
Australia
Neduba longipennis
Santa Monica Shieldback Katydid
CR '=" Bl+2bd
USA
Onconotus servillei
VU '^ B2d+3b
Hungary, Romania
Pachysaga munggai
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Pachysaga strobila
CR '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Phasmodes jeeba
VU '^ B1+2C
Australia
Psacadonotus insulanus
EN '=' Bl+2bd
Australia
Psacadonotus seriatus
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Saga pedo
Predatory Bush Cricket
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?,
Bulgaria, China?, Czech Republic,
France, Georgia, Germany?,
Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
Throscodectes xederoides
EN '" Bl+2bd
Australia
Throscodectes xiphos
EN '-' Bl+2bd
Australia
Windbalea viride
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Zaprochilus ninae
VU '^ Bl+2bd
Australia
Order PLECOPTERA
Family GRIPOPTERYGIDAE
Leptoperla cacuminis
Mount Kosciusko Wingless Stonefly
VU "" D2
Australia
Riekoperla darlingtoni
Mount Donna Buang Wingless
Stonefly
VU '" D2
Australia
Class ONYCHOPHORA
Order ONYCHOPHORA
Family PERIPATBDAE
Macroperipatus insularis
EN '^= B1+2C
Jamaica
Speleoperipatus spelaeus
CR '- B1+2C
Jamaica
Family PERIPATOPSEDAE
Peripatoides indigo
VU '== Bl+2cd
New Zealand
Peripatoides suteri
VU '- Bl+2c
New Zealand
Peripatopsis alba
EN '" Bl+2c
South Africa
Tasmanipatus anophthalmus
EN '" Bl+2bc
Australia
Class OLIGOCHAETA
Order HAPLOTAXIDA
Family KOMAREKIONIDAE
Komarekiona eatoni
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Family MEGASCOLECBDAE
Driloleirus americanus
Washington Giant Earthworm
VU '«' D2
USA
109
Threatened Species
Driloleirus maceljreshi
Oregon Giant Earthworm
VU '" D2
USA
Megascolides australis
Giant Gippsland Earthworm
VU '" D2
Australia
Family TUBIFICIDAE
Phallodrilus macmasterae
CR " B1+2C
Bermuda
Class POLYCHAETA
Order (unknown)
Family NERILLmAE
MesoneriUa prospera
CR '■■ Bl+2c
Bermuda
Class BIVALVIA
Order UNIONOIDA
Family HYRIIDAE
Castalia martensi
VU "» Alae
Brazil
Diplodon dunkerianus
EN '™ Alae
Brazil
Diplodon expansus
VU "« Alae
Brazil
Diplodon fontaineanus
EN '»» Alae
Brazil
Diplodon pfeifferi
VU '™ Alae
Brazil
Westralunio carteri
VU '" Alc,Bl+2bc
Australia
Family MARGARITIFERroAE
Margaritifera auricularia
CR '» Ale
Belgium, Czech Republic, France,
Germany, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United
Kingdom
Margaritifera hembeli
Louisiana Pearlshell
CR -* Ale
USA
Margaritifera margaritifera
EN '" Alce+2c
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain,
Sweden, United Kingdom
Margaritifera marrianae
Alabama Pearl Shell
EN -* Alc+2ce
USA
Family UNIONIDAE
Alasmidonta mccordi
CR '-' Ale
USA
Alasmidonta raveneliana
Appalacian Elktoe
CR -" Ale
USA
Alasmidonta robusta
Cardina Elktoe
CR « A2e
USA
Alasmidonta wrightiana
Ochlockonee Arcmussel
CR '-' Alee
USA
Amblema neislerii
Fat Threeridge
CR '-" Alee
USA
Arkansia wheeleri
Ouachita Rock Pocketbook
CR ■' Alee
USA
Cyprogenia aberti
Western Fan-shell
EN -" Alee
USA
Cyprogenia stegaria
Fanshell
CR -* Alee
USA
Disconaias salinasensis
EN ^ Alee
USA
Dromus dromas
Dromedary Pearly Mussel
CR " Alee
USA
Elliptio area
EN -* Alee
USA
Elliptio chipolaensis
CR '■' Alee
USA
Elliptio fratern um
EN » Alee
USA
Elliptio nigella
Winged Spike
CR -' Ale
USA
Elliptio spinosa
Altamaha Spinymussel
EN " Alee
USA
Elliptio steinstansana
Tar River Spinymussel
CR " Ale
USA
Elliptio waltoni
EN -* Ale
USA
Elliptoideus sloatianus
CR " Alee
USA
Epioblasma arcaeformis
CR -' Ale
USA
Epioblasma biemarginata
CR -' Ale
USA
Epioblasma brevidens
CR -* Alee
USA
Epioblasma capsaeformis
CR -' Alee
USA
Epioblasma flexuosa
CR -' Ale
USA
Epioblasma haysiana
CR '-' Ale
USA
Epioblasma lenior
CR " Ale
USA
Epioblasma lewisii
CR -■* Ale
USA
Epioblasma metastriata
CR '' Alee
USA
Epioblasma othcaloogensis
CR " Alce+2ce
USA
Epioblasma penita
CR " Ale
USA
Epioblasma personata
CR -•' Ale
USA
110
Molluscs: mussels, clams
Epioblasma propinqua
CR ^' Ale
USA
Epioblasma sampsonii
CR -' Ale
USA
Epioblasma stewardsonii
CR -' Ale
USA
Epioblasma turgidula
CR " Ale
USA
Fusconaia cor
Shiny Pigtoe
CR " Alc+2c
USA
Fusconaia cuneolus
Fine-rayed Pigtoe
CR " Alce+2c
USA
Fusconaia escambia
Narrow Pigtoe
EN ^' Ale
USA
Fusconaia masoni
Atlantic Pigtoe
EN " Ale
USA
Hemistena lata
Cracking Pearlymussel
CR " Ale
USA
Lampsilis abrupta
Pink Mucket
EN " Alee
USA
Lampsilis altiUs
Fine-lined Pocketbook
EN " Alee
USA
Lampsilis binominata
Lined Pocketbook
CR « Ale
USA
Lampsilis cariosa
Yellow Lampmussel
EN " Ale
USA
Lampsilis dolabraeformis
VU " Bl+2bed
USA
Lampsilis higginsii
Higgin's Eye
EN » Alce+2ee
USA
Lampsilis powellii
Arkansas Fatmucket
EN ^ Ale
USA
Lampsilis rafinesgueana
Neosho Mucket
EN " Alee
USA
Lampsilis streckeri
Speckled Pocketbook
CR " Ale
USA
Lampsilis virescens
Alabama Lampmussel
CR -" Alce+2ee
USA
Lasmigona decorata
Carolina Heelsplitter
CR -" Ale
USA
Lemiox rimosus
Birdwing Pearlymussel
CR -" Alee
USA
Lexingtonia subplana
CR " Ale
USA
Medionidus acutissimus
Alabama Moccasinshell
EN " Alce+2ce
USA
Medionidus mcglameriae
CR -" Alee
USA
Medionidus parvulus
Coosa Moccasinshell
CR ■' Alce+2ee
USA
Medionidus penicillatus
CR -♦ Alce+2ce
USA
Medionidus simpsonianus
CR " Alee
USA
Medionidus walkeri
EN -' Alee
USA
Obovaria retusa
Ring Pink
CR " Alee+2ee
USA
Pegiasfabula
Littlewing Pearlymussel
CR " Alce+2ee
USA
Plethobasus cicatricosus
White Wartyback
CR " Alee+2ce
USA
Plethobasus cooperianus
Orangefoot Pimpleback
CR -* Alce+2ee
USA
Pleurobema altum
CR =' Ale
USA
Pleurobema avellanum
CR =" Ale
USA
Pleurobema bournianum
CR -' Alee+2ee
USA
Pleurobema chattanoogaense
CR " Alee+2ee
USA
Pleurobema clava
Clubshell
CR -■' Alee
USA
Pleurobema collina
James River Spinymussel
CR " Alee
USA
Pleurobema curtum
Black Clubshell
CR -- Ale
USA
Pleurobema flavidulum
CR =■■ Ale
USA
Pleurobema furvum
Dark Pigtoe
CR -- Alce+2ce
USA
Pleurobema georgianum
Southern Pigtoe
CR -' Alee+2ee
USA
Pleurobema gibberum
Cumberland Pigtoe
CR -* Alce+2ce,Bl+2e
USA
Pleurobema hagleri
CR ^' Ale
USA
Pleurobema hanleyianum
CR ^' Ale
USA
Pleurobema johannis
CR 2- Ale
USA
111
Threatened Species
Pleurobema marshalli
Flat Pigtoe
CR =' Alce+2ce
USA
Pleurobema murrayense
CR " Ale
USA
Pleurobema nucleopsis
CR ■' Ale
USA
Pleurobema oviforme
Tennessee Clubshell
VU " Bl+2e
USA
Pleurobema perovatum
Ovate Clubshell
CR =• Ale
USA
Pleurobema plenum
Rough Pigtoe
CR ■' Alee
USA
Pleurobema rubellum
Warrior Pigtoe
CR -' Ale
USA
Pleurobema strodeanum
VU -' Alc+2c
USA
Pleurobema taitianum
Heavy Pigtoe
CR -' Ale
USA
Pleurobema troschelianum
CR -' Ale
USA
Pleurobema verum
True Pigtoe
CR " Ale
USA
Popenaias popeii
CR " Ale
USA
Potamilus amphichaenus
Texas Heelsplitter
EN -' Bl+2e
USA
Potamilus capax
Fat Pocketbook
CR " Ale
USA
Potamilus inflatus
Alabama Heelsplitter
EN -" Ale, Bl+2c
USA
Ptychobranchus greenii
Triangular Kidneyshell
CR " Ale
USA
Ptychobranchus jonesi
Southern Kidneyshell
CR -' Ale
USA
Quadrula couchiana
CR -' Ale
USA
Quadrula fragosa
Winged Mapleleaf
CR " Ale
USA
Quadrula sparsa
Appalachian Monkeyface
CR -' Ale
USA
Quadrula stapes
Stirrupshell
CR -" Ale
USA
Quadrula tuberosa
CR -" Ale
USA
Quincuncina mitchelli
False Spike
CR ^' Ale
USA
Toxolasma cylindrellus
CR '-' Ale
USA
Order VENEROmA
Family TRIDACNIDAE
Tridacna derasa
Southern Giant Clam
VU '"' A2cd
Australia, Fiji, Freneh Polynesia?,
Guam, Indonesia, New Caledonia,
Northern Marianas, Palau, Papua
New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon
Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu
Tridacna gigas
Giant Clam
VU "" A2ed
Australia, Federated States of
Mieronesia, Fiji (ex?), Guam (ex?),
Indonesia, Japan (Nansei-shoto
(ex?)), Kiribati, Malaysia, Marshall
Islands, Myanmar, New Caledonia
(ex?). Northern Marianas (ex?),
Palau, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Solomon Islands,
Taiwan (ex?), Thailand, Tuvalu,
USA [int] (Hawaiian Is [int]),
Vanuatu (ex?)
Tridacna rosewateri
VU '" A2cd
Mauritius
Tridacna tevoroa
Tevoro Clam
VU "" Bl+2c
Fiji, Tonga
Class GASTROPODA
Order
ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
Family HELICCVroAE
Helicina rostrata
EN '" Bl+2e
Guatemala, Nicaragua
Ogasawarana chichijimana
CR '" A2ee
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana habei
CR '" A2ee
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana metamorpha
CR '" A2ee
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana rex
CR '" A2ce
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana yoshiwarana
CR '" A2ce
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Family HYDROCENIDAE
Georissa laseroni
VU '" Bl+2c, D2
Australia
Monterissa gowerensis
VU "" D2
Australia
Family NERIXmAE
Neritina tiassalensis
CR " Bl+2e
Cote d'lvoire
Family TURBINIffiAE
Astraea heliotropium
CR '* A2e
New Zealand
Order BASOMMATOPHORA
Family ACROLOXroAE
Acroloxus coloradensis
Rocky Mountain Capshell
VU -' Bl+2c
USA
112
Molluscs: snails
Family ANCYLmAE
Ancylus ashangiensis
EN " Bl+2c
Ethiopia
[L. Ashangi]
Ferrissia mcneili
Hood Ancylid
VU -* Alce+2c
USA
Rhodacme elatior
Domed Ancylid
VU ^' Alce+2e
USA
Rhodacme filosa
Wicker Ancylid
VU =- Alee
USA
Family CARYCffllDAE
Zospeum biscaiense
VU '" D2
Spain
Family GLACmORBIDAE
Glacidorbis occidentalis
VU '» D2
Australia
Family LYMNAEffiAE
Lantzia carinata
CR » Bl+2c
Reunion
Stagnicola bonnevillensis
VU " Alce+2e
USA
Stagnicola utahensis
Thickshell Pondsnail
CR '" AIce+2e
USA
Family PHYSmAE
Physella microstriata
Fish Lake Physa
VU ^' Alee
USA
Physella spelunca
Cave Physa
VU " Alee
USA
Physella utahensis
Utah Physa
VU -' Alee+2e
USA
Physella zionis
Wet Rock Physa
VU " Alee
USA
Family FLANORBmAE
Afrogyrus rodriguezensis
EN " Bl+2abcd
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Afrogyrus starmuehlneri
EN " Bl+2abed
Madagascar
Amphigyra alabamensis
Shoal Sprite
CR -* Alce+2e
USA
Ancylastrum cumingianus
Australian Freshwater Limpet
CR '" Ale
Australia
Biomphalaria barthi
CR " Bl+2c
Ethiopia
Biomphalaria tchadiensis
VU " B2c+B3b
Chad
[L. Chad]
Bulinus camerunensis
VU " BI+2abcd
Cameroon
Bulinus nyassanus
VU " B1+2C
Malawi
[L. Malawi]
Bulinus succinoides
EN » Bl+2c
Malawi
[L. Malawi]
Bulinus transversalis
VU " Bl+2c
Kenya, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Ceratophallus socotrensis
CR " Bl+2c
Yemen (Socotra)
Glyptophysa petiti
EN =* Alee
New Caledonia
Gyraulus cockbumi
CR " Bl+2c
Yemen (Socotra)
Gyraulus mauritianus
VU " D2
Mauritius
Neoplanorbis carinatus
CR -•■ Alce+2e
USA
Neoplanorbis smithi
CR " Alce+2e
USA
Neoplanorbis tantillus
CR -' Alce+2e
USA
Neoplanorbis umbilicatus
CR =■* Alce+2e
USA
Planorbella magnifica
Magnificent Ramshom
VU =" Alee
USA
Planorbella multivolvis
Acorn Ramshom
VU -* Alee
USA
Family SIPHONARIIDAE
Siphonaria compressa
CR "» Bl+2c
South Africa
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Family ACICULffiAE
Acicula norrisi
VU '" D2
Gibraltar
Acicula palaestinensis
VU ^ D2
Israel
Platyla foliniana
VU " D2
France
Platyla lusitanica
VU '" D2
Portugal
Renea bourguignatiana
VU -•> D2
France, Italy
Renea gormonti
VU ™ D2
France
Renea moutoni
VU ^' D2
France
Renea paillona
VU =' D2
France
Renea singularis
VU -' D2
France
Family AMPULLARIDAE
Lanistes alexandri
EN " Bl+2abcd
Tanzania
JR. Wami]
Lanistes bicarinatus
VU " D2
Zaire
113
Threatened Species
[R. Zaire]
Lanistes farleri
EN " Bl+2abcd
Tanzania
Lanistes intortus
VU " D2
Zaire
[R. Zaire]
Lanistes nasutus
EN " Bl+2c
Malawi, Mozambique
[L. Malawi]
Lanistes neavei
VU " B2c+B3bc
Zaire, Zambia
Lanistes neritoides
CR » B1+2C
Congo
Lanistes nyssanus
EN " Bl+2c
Malawi, Mozambique
[L. Malawi]
Lanistes solidus
EN " Bl+2c
Malawi, Mozambique
[L. Malawi]
Lanistes stuhlmanni
EN " Bl+2abcd
Tanzania
PUa speciosa
VU " Bl+2bc
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
Family ASSIMINEroAE
Austroassiminea letha
VU "» D2
Australia
Omphalotropis hieroglyphica
EN ™ Bl+2ab
Mauritius
Family CYCLOPHORTOAE
Adelopoma stolli
EN '" Bl+2c
Guatemala, Nicaragua
Ditropis whitei
VU '*' Bl+2c,D2
Australia
Family HYDROBIIDAE
Alzoniella hartwigschuetti
VU " Bl+2c
Austria
Angrobia anodonta
VU '» D2
Australia
Angrobia dyeriana
VU '" D2
Australia
Angrobia grampianensis
CR '" B1+2C
Australia
Angrobia petterdi
VU '» D2
Australia
Antrobia culveri
Tumbling Creek Cavesnail
EN '" Bl+2bc
USA
Antrorbis breweri
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Aphaostracon asthenes
Blue Spring Hydrobe
VU =- D2
USA
Aphaostracon monas
Wekiwa Hydrobe
VU =' D2
USA
Aphaostracon pycnum
Dense Hydrobe
VU =•■ D2
USA
Aphaostracon xynoelictum
Fenney Spring Hydrobe
VU =' D2
USA
Arganiella exilis
VU '' D2
France
Assiminea inflrma
Badwater Snail
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Assiminea pecos
Pecos Assiminea
EN '" Bl+2c
USA
Beddomeia angulata
VU ''« D2
Australia
Beddomeia averni
VU "« D2
Australia
Beddomeia bellii
VU "» D2
Australia
Beddomeia bowryensis
VU "« D2
Australia
Beddomeia briansmithi
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia camensis
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia capensis
EN "» Ale
Australia
Beddomeia fallax
EN "» Ale
Australia
Beddomeia forthensis
VU '" D2
Australia
Beddomeia franklandensis
VU "» D2
Australia
Beddomeia fromensis
VU "« D2
Australia
Beddomeia fultoni
VU "» D2
Australia
Beddomeia gibba
VU "« D2
Australia
Beddomeia hallae
VU "« D2
Australia
Beddomeia hullii
VU "» D2
Australia
Beddomeia inflata
VU "« D2
Australia
Beddomeia kershawi
VU "« D2
Australia
Beddomeia kessneri
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia krybetes
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia launcestonensis
VU "» D2
Australia
Beddomeia lodderae
VU "■ D2
Australia
Beddomeia mesibovi
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia minima
EN "» Ale
Australia
Beddomeia petterdi
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia phasianella
VU "" D2
Australia
114
Molluscs: snails
Beddomeia protuberata
VU "» D2
Australia
Beddomeia ronaldi
VU "" D2
Australia
Beddomeia salmonis
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia tasmanica
VU "» D2
Australia
Beddomeia topsiae
VU "» D2
Australia
Beddomeia trochiformis
VU '" D2
Australia
Beddomeia tumerae
VU '" D2
Australia
Beddomeia waterhouseae
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia wilmotensis
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia wiseae
VU '» D2
Australia
Beddomeia zeehanensis
VU '™ D2
Australia
Belgrandiella alticola
VU '" D2
Slovakia
Belgrandiella austriana
CR ™ B1+2C
Austria
Belgrandiella bojnicensis
VU '" D2
Slovakia
Belgrandiella fuchsi
VU ™ D2
Austria
Belgrandiella ganslmayri
CR " B1+2C
Austria
Belgrandiella mimula
CR ™ B1+2C
Austria
Belgrandiella parreyssi
CR '" Bl+2b
Austria
Belgrandiella pelerei
CR ™ BI+2C
Austria
Belgrandiella pyrenaica
VU =' D2
France
Belgrandiella slovenica
VU "" D2
Slovakia
Belgrandiella styriaca
CR '" Bl+2b
Austria
Belgrandiella wawrai
CR ™ Bl+2c, C2a
Austria
Bythinella badensis
VU '" B1+2C
Germany
Bythinella bavarica
VU '" B1+2C
Germany
Bythinella bicarinata
CR » Alee
France
Bythinella compressa
VU '" B1+2C
Germany
Bythinella cylindrica
VU ™ B1+2C
Austria
Bythinella dunkeri
VU '" B1+2C
Belgium, Germany
Bythinella padiraci
VU ^^ D2
France
Bythinella viridis
VU ^ D2
Belgium, France
Bythiospeum acicula
VU '" B1+2C
Germany
Bythiospeum articense
VU * D2
France
Bythiospeum cisterciensorum
CR ™ B1+2C
Austria
Bythiospeum gamieri
VU "■ D2
France
Bythiospeum geyeri
EN '" B1+2C
Austria
Bythiospeum noricum
EN '" B1+2C
Austria
Bythiospeum pfeifferi
EN '" B1+2C
Austria
Bythiospeum quenstedti
VU '" B1+2C
Germany
Bythiospeum reisalpense
EN " BI+2C
Austria
Bythiospeum sandbergeri
VU '" B1+2C
Germany
Bythiospeum tschapecki
EN " Bl+2c
Austria
Cincinnatia helicogyra
Crystal Siltsnail
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Cincinnatia mica
Ichetucknee Siltsnail
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Cincinnatia monroensis
Enterprise Siltsnail
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Cincinnatia parva
Pygmy Siltsnail
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Cincinnatia ponderosa
Ponderous Siltsnail
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Cincinnatia vanhyningi
Seminole Siltsnail
VU '" Bl+2c
USA
Cincinnatia wekiwae
Wekiwa Siltsnail
VU '" Bl+2c
USA
Clappia cakabensis
Cahaba Pebblesnail
CR '" Alce+2e
USA
Coahuilix hubbsi
Coahuilix de Hubbs Snail
CR '" A2ce
Mexico
Cochliopa texana
Phantom Cavesnail
VU '" Bl+2c
USA
Cochliopina milleri
Miller's Snail
VU '" D2
Mexico
115
Threatened Species
Durangonella coahuilae
Durangonella de Coahuila Snail
VU '" D2
Mexico
Fissuria bovi
VU =' D2
France
Fonscochlea accepta
VU "« D2
Australia
Fonscochlea aquatica
VU "« D2
Australia
Fonscochlea billakalina
EN "« Alee
Australia
Fonscochlea conica
VU '" D2
Australia
Fontigens turritella
Greenbrier Cavesnail
VU " D2
USA
Graziana klazenfurtensis
EN " B1+2C
Austria
Hauffenia kerschneri
EN " Bl+2c
Austria
Hauffenia wienerwaldensis
EN " B1+2C
Austria
Hemistoma beaumonti
EN '» Alee
Australia
Hemistoma flexicolumella
VU "« D2
Australia
Hemistoma minutissima
VU "« D2
Australia
Hemistoma pusillior
EN '» Alee
Australia
Hemistoma whiteleggei
CR "» Alee
Australia
Heterocyclus perroquini
EN =" A2e
New Caledonia
Heterocyclus petiti
EN =' A2e
New Caledonia
Hydrobia scamandri
VU =' D2
France
Iglica kleinzellensis
EN " B1+2C
Austria
Jardinella acuminata
EN "» Alee
Australia
Jardinella carnarvonensis
VU '" D2
Australia
Jardinella colmani
CR "» Alee
Australia
Jardinella coreena
VU "« D2
Australia
Jardinella corrugata
VU "« D2
Australia
Jardinella edgbastonensis
VU '» D2
Australia
Jardinella eulo
VU "» D2
Australia
Jardinella exigua
VU "« D2
Australia
Jardinella isolata
VU "« D2
Australia
Jardinella jesswiseae
EN "» Alee
Australia
Jardinella pallida
EN "« Alee
Australia
Jardinella zeidlerorum
VU '" D2
Australia
Lepyrium showalteri
Flat Pebblesnail
VU =' D2
USA
Litthabitella elliptica
VU » D2
France
Lobaunia danubialis
EN " Bl+2c
Austria
Moitessieria Corsica
VU ^' D2
France (Corsica)
Moitessieria juvenisanguis
VU -» D2
France
Moitessieria locardi
VU -' D2
France
Nanocochlea monticola
VU "» D2
Australia
Nanocochlea pupoidea
VU "« D2
Australia
Palacanthilhiopsis vervierii
VU -" D2
France
Paladilhia pleurotoma
VU « D2
France
Paladilhiopis bourguignati
VU ^' D2
France
Paludiscala caramba
Paludiscala de Oro Snail
VU '" D2
Mexico
Phrantela annamurrayae
VU '" D2
Australia
Phrantela conica
VU '" D2
Australia
Phrantela kutikina
VU '" D2
Australia
Phrantela pupiformis
VU '" D2
Australia
Phrantela umbilicata
VU '" D2
Australia
Phreatodrobia imitata
Mimic Cavesnail
VU '-' D2
USA
Plagigeyeria conilis
VU -' D2
France
Pseudamnicola anteisensis
VU =' D2
France
Pseudamnicola klemmi
VU » D2
France
Sadleriana pannonica
VU "■■' D2
Hungary, Slovakia
Stiobia nana
Sculpin Snail
VU =" D2
USA
116
Molluscs: snails
Trochidrobia inflata
EN "« Alee
Australia
Trochidrobia minuta
VU "' D2
Australia
Trochidrobia smithi
VU "« D2
Australia
Victodrobia burnt
VU "» D2
Australia
Victodrobia elongata
VU '=» D2
Australia
Victodrobia millerae
VU "« D2
Australia
Family NEOCYCLOXmAE
Amphicyclotulus liratus
VU =' D2
Martinique
Amphicyclotulus perplexus
VU ^' D2
Guadeloupe
Family PLEUROCERTOAE
Elimia acuta
VU =' Alee
USA
Elimia alabamensis
Mud Elimia
VU '' Alee
USA
Elimia albanyensis
Black-crest Elimia
VU " Alee
USA
Elimia ampla
Round Rocksnail
CR » Alce+2e
USA
Elimia annettae
Lily Shoals Elimia
CR -* Alce+2e
USA
Elimia aterina
VU " Alee
USA
Elimia bellula
Walnut Elimia
VU -' Alee
USA
Elimia boykiniana
Flaxen Elimia
VU -' Alee
USA
Elimia brevis
Short-spired Elimia
CR -' Alce+2e
USA
Elimia capillaris
Spindle Elimia
VU " Alee
USA
Elimia clausa
Closed Elimia
CR -" Alee+2e
USA
Elimia crenatella
Lacy Elimia
VU -•' Alee
USA
Elimia fascinans
Banded Elimia
VU -' Alee
USA
Elimia fusiformis
Fusiform Elimia
CR -* Alce-H2e
USA
Elimia haysiana
Silt Elimia
VU -•• Alee
USA
Elimia hydei
Gladiator Elimia
VU -' Alee
USA
Elimia impressa
Constricted Elimia
CR » Alee-t-2e
USA
Elimia interrupta
Knotty Elimia
VU -' Alee
USA
Elimia interveniens
Slowwater Elimia
VU '-' Alee
USA
Elimiajonesi
Hearty Elimia
CR -■' Alce-H2e
USA
Elimia laeta
Ribbed Elimia
CR -' Alce+2e
USA
Elimia nassula
Round-rib Elimia
VU '-' Alee
USA
Elimia olivula
Caper Elimia
VU '-' Alee
USA
Elimia pilsbryi
Rough-lined Elimia
CR -■> Alce-i-2e
USA
Elimia porrecta
VU '-'■ Alee
USA
Elimia pupaeformis
Pupa Elimia
CR -* Alce-H2e
USA
Elimia pybasi
VU -* Alee
USA
Elimia pygmaea
Pygmy Elimia
CR " Alee-l-2e
USA
Elimia strigosa
VU -' Alee
USA
Elimia teres
VU -' Alee
USA
Elimia troostiana
VU -" Alee
USA
Elimia vanuxemiana
Cobble Elimia
CR -•■ Alce-i-2e
USA
Elimia varians
Puzzle Elimia
CR -■' Alce-H2e
USA
Gyrotoma excisa
Excised Slitshell
CR -' Alce-H2e
USA
Gyrotojna lewisii
Striate Slitshell
CR -' Alee-h2e
USA
Gyrotoma pagoda
Pagoda Slitshell
CR -" Alce-h2e
USA
Gyrotoma pumila
Ribbed Slitshell
CR -■' Alee-f2e
USA
117
Threatened Species
Gyrotoma pyramidata
Pyramid Slitshell
CR " Alce+2e
USA
Gyrotoma walkeri
Round Slitshell
CR -■' Alce+2e
USA
lofluvialis
Spiny River Snail
EN ^ Bl+2c
USA
Leptoxis ampla
VU ■' Alee
USA
Leptoxis clipeata
Agate Rocksnail
CR -' Alee+2e
USA
Leptoxis compacta
Oblong Rocksnail
CR -' Alce+2e
USA
Leptoxis crassa
Boulder Snail
VU " D2
USA
Leptoxis formanii
CR -' Alce+2e
USA
Leptoxis formosa
Maiden Rocksnail
CR -•■ Alce+2e
USA
Leptoxis ligata
Rotund Rocksnail
CR » Alce+2e
USA
Leptoxis lirata
Lyrate Rocksnail
CR -•' Alce+2e
USA
Leptoxis melanoidus
Black Mudalia
CR -' Alce+2e
USA
Leptoxis minor
Knob Mudalia
VU " Alce+2e
USA
Leptoxis occultata
Bigmouth Rocksnail
CR » Alee+2e
USA
Leptoxis picta
Spotted Rocksnail
VU =♦ Alee
USA
Leptoxis plicata
Plicate Rocksnail
VU " Alee
USA
Leptoxis praerosa
Onyx Rocksnail
VU " A2ce, Bl+2c
USA
Leptoxis showalterii
CR -' Alce+2e
USA
Leptoxis taeniata
Painted Rocksnail
VU '-' Alee
USA
Leptoxis torrefacta
CR " Alee+2e
USA
Leptoxis virgata
Smooth Rocksnail
VU =' Alce+2c
USA
Leptoxis vittata
Striped Rocksnail
CR -' Alee+2e
USA
Lithasia armigera
Armored Rocksnail
VU '-' Alee
USA
Lithasia carta
Knobby Rocksnail
VU » Alee
USA
Lithasia duttoniana
Helmet Rocksnail
VU -" Alee
USA
Lithasia geniculata
Ornate Rocksnail
VU " Alee
USA
Lithasia jayana
Rugose Rocksnail
VU " Alee
USA
Lithasia lima
Warty Rocksnail
VU -' Alee
USA
Lithasia salebrosa
Muddy Rocksnail
VU -* Alee
USA
Lithasia verrucosa
Varicose Rocksnail
VU '-' Alee
USA
Pleurocera alveare
Rugged Homsnail
VU -' Alee
USA
Pleurocera annulifera
Ringed Homsnail
VU -" Alce+2e
USA
Pleurocera brumbyi
Spiral Homsnail
VU " Alce+2e
USA
Pleurocera corpulenta
Corpulent Homsnail
VU " Alee
USA
Pleurocera curta
Shortspire Homsnail
VU -" Alee
USA
Pleurocera foremani
Rough Homsnail
VU =* Alee
USA
Pleurocera postelli
VU » Alee
USA
Pleurocera pyrenella
Skirted Homsnail
VU '-' Alee
USA
Pleurocera showalteri
Upland Homsnail
VU " Alce+2e
USA
Pleurocera walkeri
Telescope Homsnail
VU -' Alce+2e
USA
Family POMATIASmAE
Tropidophora articulata
EN '" Bl+2e
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Tropidophora deburghiae
EN '" Bl+2e
Madagascar
Family POMATIOPSIDAE
Fenouilia kreitneri
CR » A2ee
China
[L. Dali]
Tomicha natalensis
CR " Bl+2abed
South Africa
Tomicha rogersi
EN " Bl+2abcd
South Africa
118
Molluscs: snails
Tricula montana
EN " Bl+2ce
India
Family PUPINIDAE
Hedleya macleayi
VU '*' D2
Australia
Suavocallia splendens
VU "" D2
Australia
Family THIARmAE
Anceya giraudi
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Anceya terebriformis
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Bathanalia howesi
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Bathanalia straeleni
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Bridouxiana giraudi
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Bridouxiana leucoraphe
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Bridouxiana ponsonbyi
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Bridouxiana praeclara
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Bridouxiana rotundata
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Bridouxiana smithiana
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Chytra kirki
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Hirthia globosa
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Hirthia littorina
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Lavigera grandis
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Lavigera nassa
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Limnotrochus thomsoni
EN » Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Martelia tanganyicensis
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Mysorelloides multisulcata
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Paludomus ajanensis
EN " Bl+2abcd
Seychelles
Paramelania damoni
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Paramelania irridescens
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Reymondia horei
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Reymondia pyramidalis
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Reymondia tanganyicensis
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
jl^. Tanganyika]
Spekia zonata
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Stanleya neritinoides
EN » B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
\L. Tanganyika]
Stormsia minima
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Syrnolopsis gracilis
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Syrnolopsis lacustris
EN -" B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Syrnolopsis minuta
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Tanganyicia rufofilosa
EN " Bl+2c
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Tiphobia horei
EN » B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Family VALVATIDAE
Valvata virens
VU -■' Alee
USA
Family VTVIPARroAE
Bellamya constricta
EN " BI+2abcd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Bellamya contractu
EN " Bl+2c
Zaire
Bellamya costulata
EN " Bl+2abcd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Bellamya craws hayi
EN " Bl+2abcd
Zaire, Zambia
[L. Mweru]
Bellamya ecclesi
EN " Bl+2abcd
Malawi, Mozambique
[L. Malawi]
Bellamya jeffreysi
EN " Bl+2abcd
Malawi, Mozambique
[L. Malawi]
Bellamya jucunda
EN " Bl+2abcd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
|U. Victoria]
119
Threatened Species
Bellamya leopoldvillensis
EN " Bl+2abcd
Zaire
Bellamya liberiana
CR " Bl+2c
Liberia
Bellamya monardi
EN " Bl+2abcd
Angola, Namibia
Bellamya mweruensis
EN " Bl+2abcd
Zaire, Zambia
[L. Mweru]
Bellamya pagodiformis
EN " Bl+2abcd
Zaire, Zambia
[L. Mweru]
Bellamya phthinotropis
EN " Bl+2abcd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Bellamya robertsoni
EN " Bl+2abcd
Malawi, Mozambique
(L. Malawi]
Bellamya rubicunda
EN " Bl+2abcd
Uganda, Zaire
[L. Albert]
Bellamya trochearis
EN " Bl+2abcd
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Campeloma decampi
VU -' Alce+2e
USA
Lioplax cyclostomaformis
Cylindrical Lioplax
VU " B1+2C
USA
Neothauma tanganyicense
EN " B1+2C
Tanzania, Zaire
[L. Tanganyika]
Notopala sublineata
EN "« Alee
Australia
Order NEOGASTROPODA
Family CONIDAE
Conus africanus
VU =' D2
Angola
Conus cepasi
VU -' D2
Angola
Conus nobrei
VU =' D2
Angola
Conus zebroides
VU » D2
Angola
Order STYLOMMATOPHORA
Family ACAVffiAE
Ampelita julii
EN " Bl+2abc
Madagascar
Ampelita soulaiana
VU " D2
Madagascar
Ampelita fulgurata
EN " Bl+2abc
Madagascar
Clavator moreleti
VU " Bl+2c
Madagascar
Family ACHATINELLroAE
Achatinella apexfulva
CR »' Ale
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella bellula
CR »' Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella bulimoides
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella byronii
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella cestus
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella concavospira
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella curta
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella decipiens
CR " Alee,Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella fulgens
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella fuscobasis
CR " Alce,Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella leucorrhaphe
CR «' Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella lila
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella lorata
CR " Alee, Bl+2abede
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella mustelina
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella phaeozona
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella pulcherrima
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella pupukanioe
CR »' Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella sowerbyana
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella stewartii
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella swiftii
CR »' Alee, Bl+2abede
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella taeniolata
CR " Alee, Bl+2abede
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella turgida
CR " Alee, Bl+2abede
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella viridans
CR " Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella vulpina
CR »' Alee, Bl+2abcd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Elasmias kitaiwojimanum
VU '" DI
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Gulickia alexandri
CR " Bl+2abe
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lamellidea biplicata
VU '" Dl
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Lamellidea ogasawarana
VU "' CI
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Newcombia canaliculata
EN '" Ale
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Newcombia cumingi
EN '" Ale
USA (Hawaiian Is)
120
Molluscs: snails
Newcombia lirata
EN '" Ale
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Newcombia perkinsi
EN '" Ale
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Newcombia pfeifferi
EN '" Ale
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Newcombia sulcata
EN '" Ale
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina confusa
CR »' Alee, Bl+2abcde
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina dubia
CR " Alee, Bl+2abede
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina mighelsiana
EN" Alee, Bl+2abede,Cl+2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina perdix
EN " A 1 ee, B 1 +2abcde, C 1 +2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina physa
EN «' Alce,Bl+2abcde,Cl+2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina proximo
EN " Alee,Bl+2abede,Cl+2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina redjieldi
EN"' Alee, Bl+2abcde, Cl+2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina semicarinata
EN" Alee, Bl+2abcde, Cl+2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina splendida
Splendid Partulina
EN " A 1 ee, B 1 +2abede, C 1 +2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina tappaniana
EN " Alee,Bl+2abcde,Cl+2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina tessellata
EN " A 1 ee, B 1 +2abede, C 1 +2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina variabilis
EN" Alee, Bl+2abcde,Cl+2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Perdicella helena
EN " Alee,Bl+2abcde,Cl+2a
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family ACHATEVroAE
Archachatina bicarinata
VU " Alcde, Bl+2b
Sao Tome & Prineipe
Family AGRIOLIMACIDAE
Deroceras tarraceuse
VU '■' D2
Spain
Family AMASTRIDAE
Amastra cylindrica
CR " Bl+2abd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra micans
CR " Bl+2abd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra rubens
CR " Bl+2abd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra spirizona
CR " Bl+2abd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Armsia petasus
CR " Bl+2abd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Laminella sanguinea
CR " Bl+2abd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Leptachatina lepida
EN " Bl+2abd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Tropidoptera heliciformis
CR " Bl+2abd
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family BRADYBAENIDAE
Helicostyla smargadina
CR '" A2e,Bl+2c
Philippines
Monadenia circumcarinata
Keeled Sideband
VU '« D2
USA
Monadenia setosa
Trinity Bristle Snail
VU '" D2
USA
Family BULIMULroAE
Boninena callistoderma
EN '" A2e
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Boninena hiraseana
EN '" A2b
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Boninena ogasawarae
EN '" A2b
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Bothriembryon bradshaweri
VU '« D2
Australia
Bothriembryon brazieri
VU '" D2
Australia
Bothriembryon glauerti
VU '» D2
Australia
Bothriembryon irvineanus
VU "* Bl-H2be, D2
Australia
Bothriembryon perobesus
EN "» C2b
Australia
Bothriembryon praecelcus
EN '« C2b
Australia
Bothriembryon spenceri
VU " D2
Australia
Bothriembryon whitleyi
VU "° D2
Australia
Drymaeus henseli
VU "» D2
Brazil
Napaeus isletae
CR ' A2c
Spain (Canary Is)
Orynmeus acervatus
VU '» Alae
Brazil
Ptacostylus bollonsi
Pupuharakeke
VU '" D2
New Zealand
Placostylus hongii
Pupuharakeke or Hax Snail
VU '" Cl-H2a,D2
New Zealand
Family CAMAENIDAE
Amplirhagada astuta
EN '" C2a
Australia
Amplirhagada questroana
EN "» C2b
Australia
Carinotrachia carsoniana
VU "» D2
Australia
Cristilabrum bubulum
EN "' C2b
Australia
Cristilabrum buryillum
EN "* C2b
Australia
Cristilabrum grossum
EN '" C2a
Australia
121
Threatened Species
CHstilabrum isolatum
VU '« D2
Australia
Cristilabrum monodon
VU "° D2
Australia
Cristilabrum primum
VU '" D2
Australia
Cristilabrum rectttm
VU "» D2
Australia
Cristilabrum simplex
VU "° D2
Australia
Cristilabrum solitiidum
EN "0 C2b
Australia
Cupedora evandaleana
EN "' Ale
Australia
Cupedora nottensis
VU '" D2
Australia
Damochlora millepunctata
EN "° C2a
Australia
Damochlora spina
VU '" D2
Australia
Divellomelon hillieri
VU " D2
Australia
Glyptorhagada bordaensis
VU '«' D2
Australia
Glyptorhagada euglypta
VU '" D2
Australia
Glyptorhagada kooringensis
VU '" D2
Australia
Glyptorhagada silveri
EN '" A2ce
Australia
Glyptorhagada tattawuppana
VU '" D2
Australia
Hadra wilsoni
VU '» D2
Australia
Kimboraga exanimus
EN '« C2b
Australia
Kimboraga koolanensis
VU '« Dl
Australia
Kimboraga micromphala
VU "* D2
Australia
Kimboraga yammerana
VU '" Bl+2bc, D2
Australia
Meridolum benneti
VU "' D2
Australia
Meridolum comeovirens
EN '" A2ce, Bl+2abcd
Australia
Meridolum depressum
VU '" D2
Australia
Mouldingia occidentalis
VU '" D2
Australia
Mouldingia orientalis
EN "° C2b
Australia
Mussonena campbelli
VU "" D2
Australia
Ningbingia australis
VU '" Bl+2bc, D2
Australia
Ningbingia bulla
VU "" D2
Australia
Ningbingia dentiens
VU '" D2
Australia
Ningbingia laurina
VU '" D2
Australia
Ningbingia octava
VU '« D2
Australia
Ningbingia res
VU '« D2
Australia
Offachloritis dryanderensis
VU '" D2
Australia
Ordtrachia elegans
VU '» D2
Australia
Pleuroxia hinsbyi
VU "" Bl+2bc, D2
Australia
Prototrachia sedula
VU " D2
Australia
Rhagada gibbensis
VU "» D2
Australia
Rhagada harti
VU '" C2b
Australia
Semotrachia euzyga
VU « D2
Australia
Sinumelon bednalli
VU « D2
Australia
Thersites mitchellae
EN '" C2a
Australia
Torresitrachia thedana
VU "" D2
Australia
Turgenitubulus aslini
VU '" Bl+2bc, D2
Australia
Turgenitubulus castas
VU '" D2
Australia
Turgenitubulus depressus
VU "° Bl+2bc,D2
Australia
Turgenitubulus foramenus
VU '" Bl+2bc, D2
Australia
Turgenitubulus opiranus
VU "» Bl+2bc, D2
Australia
Turgenitubulus pagodula
VU '" D2
Australia
Turgenitubulus tanmurrana
VU '" D2
Australia
Vidumelon wattii
VU " D2
Australia
Westraltrachia alterna
VU '" D2
Australia
Westraltrachia inopinata
VU '» D2
Australia
Westraltrachia lievreana
VU "» Bl+2bc,D2
Australia
Westraltrachia porcata
VU ■" D2
Australia
Westraltrachia recta
VU '" D2
Australia
Westraltrachia subtila
VU '" D2
Australia
122
Molluscs: snails
Westraltrachia turbinata
VU "* D2
Australia
Family CARYODIDAE
Anoglypta launcestonensis
Granulated Tasmanian Snail
VU "' D2
Australia
Family CERIONIDAE
Cerion nanus
CR " Bl+2a
Cayman Islands
Family CHAROPEDAE
Allocharopa erskinensis
VU '" D2
Australia
Cralopa colliveri
VU '" D2
Australia
Dupucharopa millestriata
VU '« D2
Australia
Geminoropa scindocataracta
VU ■" D2
Australia
Hedleyoconcha ailaketoae
VU "' D2
Australia
Kondoconcha othnius
CR '" Bl+2abcd
French Polynesia
Mautodontha boraborensis
CR '« Ale
Freneh Polynesia
Mautodontha ceuthma
CR '" Ale
French Polynesia
Norfolcioconch iota
VU ■" D2
Norfolk Island
Norfolcioconch norfolkensis
VU '" D2
Norfolk Island
Opanara altiapica
CR '" Bl+2abe
French Polynesia
Opanara areaensis
CR '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Opanara bitridentata
CR '« A2e, B1+2C
French Polynesia
Opanara caliculata
CR '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Opanara depasoapicata
CR '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Opanara dupticidentata
CR '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Opanara fosbergi
CR '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Opanara megomphala
CR '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Opanara perahuensis
CR '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Orangia cookei
EN '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Orangia maituatensis
CR '" A2e,Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Orangia sporadica
EN "' A2e,Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Oreomava otwayensis
VU '" D2
Australia
Penescosta mathewsi
VU '" D2
Norfolk Island
Penescosta sororcula
VU '" D2
Norfolk Island
Pernagera gatliffi
VU '* D2
Australia
Pilsbrycharopa tumida
VU '« D2
Australia
Pilula praetumida
VU ™ Bl+2ab
Reunion
Ptychodon schuppi
EN '™ A lac
Brazil
Radioconus goeldi
CR "* Bl+2c
Brazil
Radioconus riochcoensis
EN '»» Bl+2ab
Brazil
Radiodiscus amdenus
EN '™ Alac
Brazil
Radiodiscus compactus
VU ™ Alac
Brazil
Rhysoconcha atanuiensis
VU '" D2
French Polynesia
Rhysoconcha variumbilicata
CR '" A2e, Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Ruatara koarana
CR '» A2e,Bl+2c
French Polynesia
Ruatara oparica
VU '" D2
French Polynesia
Sinployea pitcairnensis
VU '« D2
Pitcaim Islands
Family CLAUSILIIDAE
Boettgeria obesiuscula
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Bofilliella subarcuata
VU '" D2
France, Spain
Lamnifera pauli
VU '" Bl+2c
France, Spain
Lampedusa imitratix
VU '" D2
Malta
Lampedusa melitensis
CR '« B1+2C
Malta
Family COCHLICOPmAE
Cryptazeca elongata
VU '" D2
Spain
Cryptazeca kobelti
EN '" Bl+2c
Spain
Cryptazeca monodonta
VU '" D2
France, Spain
Cryptazeca spelaea
VU '■' D2
Spain
Cryptazeca subcylindrica
VU '" D2
France
Family DISCIDAE
Discus marmorensis
Marbled Disc
VU "" D2
USA
123
Threatened Species
Family DRAPARNAUDIffiAE
Draparnaudia anniae
CR -" Bl+2c
New Caledonia
Draparnaudia subnecata
CR "-' Ale, Bl+2c
New Caledonia
Family ENDODONXmAE
Hirasea acutissima
EN '" Aid
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea chichijimana
EN '" A2b
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea diplomphalus
EN '" A2b
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea insignis
EN "' Aid
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea operculina
EN '" Alb
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Thaumatodon hystricelloides
EN '" A2ce
Western Samoa
Family ENffiAE
Euchondrus ramonensis
CR ■" C2b, Dl
Israel
Pene galilaea
CR »' Ale
Israel
Family EUCONULffiAE
Caldwellia imperfecta
VU '" Bl-H2a,D2
Mauritius, Reunion
Ctenophila caldwelli
EN '" Bl-i-2a
Mauritius
Ctenophila setiliris
EN '" Bl+2a
Reunion
Ctenophila vorticella
VU ™ BU2a, D2
Reunion
Dancea rodriguezensis
EN " Bl+2a
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Dupontia levis
VU '» Bl-h2a
Mauritius
Dupontia nitella
VU ™ Bl-(-2ab
Mauritius, Reunion
Dupontia perlucida
EN ™ Bl+2a
Mauritius
Dupontia poweri
VU " Bl-H2a
Mauritius
Elasmias cemicum
VU " Bl+2ab
Mauritius, Reunion
Hacrochlamys lineolatus
EN '" Aid
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Lamprocystis hahajimana
EN '" A2b
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Liardetia boninensis
VU '" Dl
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Plegma caelatura
VU '» Bl+2a
Reunion
Thapsia snelli
EN '" Bl-i-2a
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Trochochlamys ogasawarana
CR '" Aid
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Family FERUSSACimAE
Amphorella iridescens
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Amphorella melampoides
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Amphorella producta
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Cecilioides connollyi
VU '" D2
Gibraltar
Cecilioides eulima
CR '" A2c, B1-H2C
Portugal (Madeira)
Cylichnidia ovuliformis
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Sculptiferussacia clausiliaeformis
VU « A2e, D2
Spain (Canary Is)
Family GEOMITRIDAE
Actinella anaglyptica
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Actinella effugiens
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Caseolus calculus
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Caseolus subcalliferus
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula bicarinata
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula bulweri
EN '" A2e
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula cheiranthicola
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula echinulata
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula leacockiana
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula lyelliana
CR '" B1-H2C
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula oxytropis
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula tabellata
EN "■' A2c, Bl+2c
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula tectiformis
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula testudinalis
CR '" A2e, B1-H2C
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula tetrica
CR '" B1-H2C
Portugal (Madeira)
Discula turricula
VU '» D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Disculella spirulina
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Geomitra delphinuloides
CR '" B1+2C
Portugal (Madeira)
Geomitra moniziana
EN "* B1-I-2C
Portugal (Madeira)
Geomitra tiarella
EN "- B1-I-2C
Portugal (Madeira)
124
Molluscs: snails
Family HELICARIONmAE
Advena charon
EN '" Bl+2c
Norfolk Island
Buffetia retinaculum
VU '" D2
Norfolk Island
Diastole tenuistriata
VU '« D2
Pitcaim Islands
Dolapex amiculus
EN '" B1+2C
Norfolk Island
Erepta odontina
EN ™ Bl+2a
Mauritius
Erepta stylodon
CR ™ Bl+2a
Mauritius
Harmogenanina argentea
VU ™ Bl+2ab
Reunion
Harmogenanina implicata
CR ™ B1+2C
Mauritius
Helicarion leopardina
VU '" Bl+2c, D2
Australia
Helicarion porrectus
VU '*' B1+2C
Australia
Helicarion rubicundus
VU '" D2
Australia
Iredaleoconcha caporaphe
VU '" D2
Norfolk Island
Kaliella hongkongensis
VU ™ D2
Hong Kong
Lutilodix imitratrix
EN '" B1+2C
Norfolk Island
Mathewsoconcha belli
EN '" B1+2C
Norfolk Island
Philonesia filiceti
VU '« D2
Pitcaim Islands
Philonesia pitcairnensis
VU '« D2
Pitcaim Islands
Pittoconcha concinna
VU '" D2
Norfolk Island
Thapsia buraensis
CR '" Bl+2ac
Kenya
Theskelomensor creon
VU '*' D2
Australia
Tubuaia fosbergi
VU '*= D2
Pitcaim Islands
Zingis radiolata
CR '" Bl+2ac
Kenya
Family HELICIDAE
Helix texta
EN "' Alee
Israel
Helix ceratina
CR -' A2c,Bl+2c
France
Helix obruta
VU ™ Bl+2c
Portugal (Azores)
Hemicycla pouchet
VU ' Ale
Spain (Canary Is)
Hemicycla saulcyi
CR ' A2c
Spain (Canary Is)
Idiomela subplicata
VU '« D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Lampadia webbiana
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Lemniscia michaudi
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leptaxis caldeirarum
EN ™ B1+2C
Portugal (Azores)
Leptaxis furva
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leptaxis terceirana
VU ™ B1+2C
Portugal (Azores)
Leptaxis vetusa
CR ™ Bl+2bc
Portugal (Azores)
Leptaxis wollastoni
EN ■" Bl+2c
Portugal (Madeira)
Spirorbula latens
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Theba arinagae
VU ' A2c, D2
Spain (Canary Is)
Family HELICODISCIDAE
Zilchogyra paulistana
CR "»• Alac
Brazil
Family
HELMINTHOGLYPTroAE
Eremarionta immaculata
White Desrt Snail
VU '" D2
USA
Eremarionta millepalmarum
Thousand Palms Desert Snail
VU "" D2
USA
Helminthoglypta allynsmithi
Merced Canyon Shoulderband
VU '■" D2
USA
Helminthoglypta callistoderma
Kem Shoulderband
EN '" B1+2C
USA
Helminthoglypta coelata
Mesa Shoulderband
VU '« B1+2C
USA
Helminthoglypta walkeriana
Morro Shoulderband
CR "" Alee, Bl+2bc
USA
Micrarionta facta
Santa Barbara Island Snail
VU '■" D2
USA
Micrarionta feralis
San Nicolas Island Snail
CR "" Bl+2d
USA
Micrarionta opuntia
Prickly Pear Island Snail
VU '" D2
USA
Xerarionta intercisa
Plain Cactus Snail
VU "" D2
USA
Xerarionta redimita
Wreathed Cactus Snail
VU '« D2
USA
Xerarionta tryoni
Bicolor Cactus Snail
VU '" D2
USA
125
Threatened Species
Family HYGROMnDAE
Candidula setubalensis
VU '" D2
Portugal
Helicella bierzona
VU '" D2
Spain
Helicella mariae
VU '" D2
Spain
Helicella stiparum
VU '" D2
Spain
Hygromia golasi
VU '" D2
Andorra
Obelus despreauxii
VU ' A2c
Spain (Canary Is)
Pyrenaearia daanidentata
VU '" D2
Spain
Pyrenaearia molae
VU '" D2
Spain
Suboestophorajeresae
VU '" D2
Spain
Trochoidea gharlapsi
VU '" D2
Malta
Trochoidea molinae
VU '" D2
Spain
Trochoidea pseudojacosta
CR " C2b,Dl
Israel
Trochoidea zaharensis
VU '" D2
Spain
Tyrrheniellajosephi
VU ■-'' D2
Italy
Family MEGALOBULEViroAE
Megalobulimus fragilion
EN '" Dl
Brazil
Megalobulimus grandis
CR '" Dl
Brazil
Megalobulimus lopesi
EN '™ Dl
Brazil
Megalobulimus parafragilior
EN '°» Dl
Brazil
Megalobulimus proclivis
CR '°» Alac
Brazil
Family MEGOMPfflCroAE
Ammonitella yatesii
Tight Coin
VU '" D2
USA
Family OREOHELICmAE
Oreohelix jugalis
Boulder Pile Mountain Snail
VU "" D2
USA
Oreohelix vortex
Whorled Mountain Snail
VU '" D2
USA
Oreohelix waltoni
Lava Rock Mountain Snail
VU '*' D2
USA
Radiocentrum avalonense
Catalina Mountain Snail
CR "" Bl+2c
USA
Family ORTHALICmAE
Bulimulus akamatus
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus alethorhytidus
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus amastroides
VU '» D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus blombergi
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus calvus
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus cavagnaroi
VU '« D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus darwini
VU "- D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus eos
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus eschariferus
VU '» D2
Ecuador (Gal&pagos Is)
Bulimulus hirsutus
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus jacobi
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus lycodus
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus nesioticus
VU '« 02
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus nux
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus ochsneri
VU '« D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus reibischi
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus rugiferus
VU "" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus saeronius
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus sculpturatus
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus tanneri
VU "" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus unifasciatus
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus ustulatus
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Bulimulus wolfi
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Leuchocharis pancheri
CR ^' Bl+2d
New Caledonia
Placostylus ambagiosus
Flax Snail
VU '" Bl+2abcde
New Zealand
Placostylus bivaricosus
CR '" Bl+2abcde
Australia
Placostylus eddystonensis
VU ^' Alab
New Caledonia
Placostylus fibratus
VU -" Alcde
New Caledonia
126
Molluscs: snails
Placostylus porphyrostomus
VU ^ Ale
New Caledonia
Family PARMACELLIDAE
Parmacella tenerifensis
EN ' Alac+2c
Spain (Canary Is)
Family PARTULIDAE
Eua zebrina
EN '" A2ce
American Samoa
Partula calypso
CR '" A2c
Palau
Partula clara
CR '" Alc+2c
French Polynesia
Partula emersoni
CR '" Ale+2ce
Federated States of Micronesia
Partula filosa
CR '" Alc+2ce
French Polynesia
Partula gibba
Fat Guam Partula
CR '" A2ce
Guam, Northern Marianas
Partula guamensis
CR '" A2ce
Federated States of Micronesia
Partula hyalina
CR "= Ale
French Polynesia
Partula langfordi
CR '" Ale+2ce
Northern Marianas
Partula leucothoe
CR '" A2e
Palau
Partula martensiana
CR '" Alce+2e
Federated States of Micronesia
Partula otaheitana
CR '" Alace+2ce, Bl+2abcd
French Polynesia
Partula radiolata
Radiolate Partula
CR '" A2ce, Bl+2abcde
Guam
Partula rosea
CR '" Alce+2ce
French Polynesia
Partula thetis
CR '" Ale
Palau
Partula varia
CR '" Alace, Bl+2abcde
French Polynesia
Samoana annectens
EN '" Ale
French Polynesia
Samoana attenuata
EN '" Ale
French Polynesia
Samoana conica
EN '" A2ce
American Samoa
Samoana diaphana
EN '" Ale
French Polynesia
Samoana fragilis
EN '" A2ce
Guam
Samoana solitaria
EN '" Ale
French Polynesia
Samoana thurstoni
EN '" A2ce
American Samoa
Family POLYGYRffiAE
Cryptomastix magnidentata
Mission Creek Oregonian
VU "' D2
USA
Family PUNCTIDAE
Ckristianoconcha quintalia
VU '» D2
Norfolk Island
Family PUPILLIDAE
Gastrocopta boninensis
VU '" CI
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Lauria fanalensis
VU '" Bl+2bc
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla abbreviata
CR '" Bl+2cd
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla callathiscus
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla cassida
CR '" Bl+2c
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla cheiligona
VU '" Bl+2c
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla concinna
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla comeocostata
VU '» D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla degenerata
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla ferraria
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla filicum
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla gibba
CR '» B1+2C
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla heterodon
CR '" B1+2C
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla laevigata
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla monticola
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla relevata
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla simulator
CR '" Bl+2c
Portugal (Madeira)
Leiostyla vermiculosa
VU ™ B1+2C
Portugal (Azores)
Nesopupa madgei
VU ™ Bl+2ab
Mauritius, Reunion
Ptychalaea dedecora
VU '" CI
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Family RHYTEDIDAE
Occirhenea georgiana
EN '«■ C2a
Australia
Rhytida clarki
CR '" Bl+2ab
New Zealand
Rhytida oconnori
CR '" Bl+2d
New Zealand
Tasmaphena lamproides
VU '" A2de
Australia
Victaphanta compacta
EN '" A2c
Australia
127
Threatened Species
Family STREPTAXIDAE
Gonidomus sulcatus
VU " B2ab, C2a
Mauritius
Gonospira cylindrella
VU '« Bl+2ab
Reunion
Gonospira deshayesi
EN '« Bl+2ab
Reunion
Gonospira duponti
CR " C2b
Mauritius
Gonospira holostoma
VU " Bl+2ab
Mauritius
Gonospira madgei
VU '" Bl+2ab
Mauritius
Gonospira striaticostus
VU ™ D2
Mauritius
Gonospira teres
VU ™ D2
Mauritius
Gonospira turgidula
VU ™ Bl+2ab
Reunion
Gonospira uvula
EN " Bl+2a
Reunion
Gulella antelmeana
EN '" Bl+2a
Mauritius
Gulella taitensis
CR '" Bl+2ac
Kenya
Microstrophia modesta
EN '« Bl+2ab
Mauritius
Microstrophia nana
VU ™ Bl+2a, D2
Mauritius
Family STROPHOCHEILIDAE
Gonyostomus gonyostomus
CR '" Mac
Brazil
Gonyostomus insularis
VU "* Dl
Brazil
Hirinaba curytibana
CR "» Mac
Brazil
Family SUBULEVroAE
Euonyma curtissima
EN "= Bl+2ac
Kenya
Subuliniscus arambourgi
EN "- Bl+2ac
Kenya
Family SUCdNEffiAE
Boninosuccinea ogasawarae
VU '" D2
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Boninosuccinea punctulispira
VU '" D2
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Oxyloma kanabense
Kanab Amber Snail
CR '« Bl+2d
USA
Succinea piratarum
EN ■" A2c
Guam
Succinea quadrasi
EN '" A2e
Guam
Family VALLONUDAE
Spelaeodiscus tatricus
VU '" D2
Slovakia
Family VERTIGEVIDAE
Truncatellina arcyensis
EN » B1+2C
France
Family VITREVIDAE
Insulivitrina reticulata
EN ' A2c
Spain (Canary Is)
Family ZONIXmAE
Oxychilus amaltheae
VU '" D2
Greece
Oxychilus agostinhoi
VU ™ B1+2C
Portugal (Azores)
Oxychilus lineolatus
VU ™ Bl+2c
Portugal (Azores)
Trochomorpha apia
EN '" A2ce
American Samoa
Vitrea pseudotrolli
VU ^ D2
France, Italy
Zonitoides jaccetanicus
EN '" Bl+2c
Spain
Class ENOPLA
Order HOPLONEMERTEA
Family PROSORHOCHMIDAE
Antiponemertes allisonae
VU '«' D2
New Zealand
Katechonemertes nightingaleensis
VU '" D2
St Helena (Tristan da Cunha)
Class ANTHOZOA
Order ACTINIARIA
Family EDWARDSIffiAE
Nematostella vectensis
Starlet Sea Anemone
VU '«= Alee
Canada, USA, United Kingdom
Order GORGONACEA
Family PLEXAURIDAE
Eunicella verrucosa
Broad Sea Fan
VU '« Aid
France, Ireland, Mauritania,
Morocco, Portugal, Spain, United
Kingdom
128
List 2
Lower Risk : conservation dependent
Class MAMMALIA
Order DIPROTODONTIA
Family POTOROmAE
Bettongia peniciUata "
Woylie
Australia
Order CHIROPTERA
Family EMBALLONURIDAE
Emballonura raffrayana '^
Raffray's Sheath-tailed Bat
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands
Family RHINOLOPHIDAE
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum '-
Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Luxembourg, Macedonia, Morocco,
Nepal, Netherlands, North Korea,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
South Korea, Spain, Switzerland,
Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United
Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
Order PRIMATES
Family TARSIIDAE
Tarsius syrichta '■"
Philippine Tarsier
Philippines
Family CERCOPITHECroAE
Macaca nigrescens '■"
Dumoga-bone Macaque
Indonesia
Macaca thibetana i"
Tibetan Macaque
China
Order CARNIVORA
Family CANIDAE
Urocyon littoralis ^
Island Grey Fox
USA
Vulpes velox ''
Swift Fox
Canada (ex), USA
Family HYAENmAE
Crocuta crocuta '-
Spotted Hyaena
Angola, Botswana, Cameroon,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea,
Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Family URSIDAE
Ursus maritimus "'
Polar Bear
Canada, Greenland, Norway
(Svalbard & Jan Mayen Is), Russia,
USA
Order CETACEA
Family BALAENIDAE
Balaena mysticetus "
Bowhead Whale
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (northeast,
northwest). Pacific (northeast,
northwest)]
Eubalaena australis "
Southern Right Whale
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern, westem). Pacific (southeast,
southwest)]
Family BALAENOPTERIDAE
Balaenoptera bonareitsis ■"
Southern Minke Whale
[Atlantic (Antarctic), Indian Ocean
(Antarctic), Pacific (Antarctic)]
Family ESCHRICHTIIDAE
Eschrichtius robustus *'
Gray Whale
[Arctic Sea, Pacific (northeast,
northwest, westem central)]
Family DELPHINIDAE
Globicephala macrorhynchus "
Short-finned Pilot Whale
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
westem central), Indian Ocean
(eastern, westem), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central)]
Orcinus orca "
Killer Whale
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (Antarctic,
eastern central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern, western), Mediterranean and
Black Sea, Pacific (Antarctic, eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central)]
Stenella attenuata "
Pantropical Spotted Dolphin
[Atlantic (eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central), Indian Ocean (eastern,
western). Pacific (eastern central,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
westem central)]
Stenella coeruleoalba ■"
Striped Dolphin
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
westem central), Indian Ocean
(eastern, westem), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central)]
Stenella longirostris ■"
Spinner Dolphin
[Adantic (eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central), Indian Ocean (eastern,
westem), Pacific (eastem central,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
westem central)]
Family PHOCOENIDAE
Phocoenoides dalli *'
Dall's Porpoise
Canada, Japan, Mexico, North
Korea, Russia, South Korea, USA
[Pacific (eastem central, northeast,
northwest)]
129
Lower Risk : conservation dependent
Family ZIPHITOAE
Berardius arnuxii "
Amoux's Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern central, western central).
Pacific (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest)]
Berardius bairdii •"
Baird's Beaked Whale
[Pacific (eastern central, northeast,
northwest)]
Hyperoodon ampulUUus ""
Northern Bottlenose Whale
[Atlantic (northeast, northwest)]
Hyperoodon pkmifrons *'
Southern Bottlenose Whale
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern, western). Pacific (Antarctic,
southeast, southwest)]
Order PERISSODACTYLA
Family RHINOCEROTIDAE
Ceratotherium simum '
White Rhinoceros
Botswana [re-int], Cote d'lvoire,
Kenya, Mozambique (ex?), Namibia,
South Africa, Sudan (ex?),
Swaziland, Zaire, Zambia (ex?),
Zimbabwe
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Family CAMELIDAE
Vicugna vicugna '"
Vicuna
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Family GIRAFFEDAE
Giraffa camelopardalis '
Giraffe
Angola, Botswana, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali (ex?),
Mauritania (ex), Mozambique (ex?),
Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda
[int], Senegal (ex), Somalia, South
Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Family BOVmAE
Aepyceros melampus '
Impala
Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda,
South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Alcelaphus buselaphus '
Common Hartebeest
Algeria (ex), Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Cote d'lvoire, Egypt (ex), Ethiopia,
Gambia (ex?), Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho (ex),
Mali, Morocco (ex), Namibia, Niger,
Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia (ex).
South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia (ex),
Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe
Alcelaphus lichtensteinii '
Lichtenstein's Hartebeest
Angola, Burundi (ex), Malawi,
Mozambique, South Africa,
Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
[int]
Antidorcas marsupialis '
Springbok
Angola, Botswana, Lesotho (ex),
Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland?
Bison bison -
American Bison
Canada, USA
Boselaphus tragocamelus '
Nilgai
Bangladesh (ex), India, Nepal,
Pakistan, USA [int]
Capricomis crispus "
Japanese Serow
Japan
Cephalophus harveyi '
Harvey's Red Duiker
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania
Cephalophus natalensis '
Natal Red Duiker
Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe?
Cephalophus rufilatus '
Red-flanked Duiker
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Cote d'lvoire, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Sudan, Togo, Uganda (ex?), Zaire
Connochaetes gnou '
Black Wildebeest
Lesotho, Namibia [int]. South Africa,
Swaziland
Connochaetes taurinus '
Blue & White-bearded Wildebeest
Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi
(ex), Mozambique, Namibia, South
Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Damaliscus dorcas '
Bontebok
Botswana [int], Lesotho, Namibia
[int], South Africa, Swaziland,
Zimbabwe [int]
Damaliscus lunatus ''
Topi
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Bumndi (ex), Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Ethiopia, Gambia (ex), Guinea (ex?),
Guinea-Bissau (ex), Kenya, Mali
(ex), Mauritania (ex), Mozambique
(ex), Namibia, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal (ex), Somalia,
South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland (ex),
Tanzania, Togo (ex?), Uganda,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Gazella bennetti '
Chinkara
Afghanistan?, India, Iran, Pakistan
Gazella gazella '
Mountain Gazelle
Egypt (ex), Iran [int], Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon (ex), Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Syria?, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
Gazella granti '
Grant's Gazelle
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda
Gazella thomsonii '
Thomson's Gazelle
Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania
Hippotragus equinus '
Roan Antelope
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi (ex), Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Hippotragus niger '
Sable Antelope
Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia, South
Africa, Swaziland [int], Tanzania,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Kobus ellipsiprymnus ''
Waterbuck
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Gambia (ex?), Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi,
Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra
130
Birds
Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Kobus kob '
Kob
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gambia (ex),
Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Kenya (ex), Mali, Mauritania, Niger,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone (ex),
Sudan, Tanzania (ex), Togo, Uganda,
Zaire
Kobus leche '
Lechwe
Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South
Africa [int], Zaire, Zambia
Kobus vardoni '
Puku
Angola, Botswana, Malawi,
Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Litocranius walleri '
Gerenuk
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia,
Tanzania
Neotragus moschatus '
Suni
Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South
Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
Oreotragus oreotragus '
Klipspringer
Angola, Botswana, Burundi (ex).
Central African Republic, Djibouti,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho?,
Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, South
Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Oryx gazella '
Gemsbok
Angola, Botswana, Djibouti, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Somalia,
South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zimbabwe
Ourebia ourebi '
Oribi
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi (ex), Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Cote d'lvoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mali, Mozambique,
Namibia?, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Ovis canadensis "
Bighorn Sheep
Canada, Mexico, USA
Ovis nivicola "
Snow Sheep
Russia
Pelea capreolus '
Grey Rhebok
Botswana (ex), Lesotho, South
Africa, Swaziland
Raphicerus melanotis '
Cape Grysbok
South Africa
Raphicerus sharpei '
Sharpe's Grysbok
Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique,
South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Redunca arundinum '
Southern Reedbuck
Angola, Botswana, Congo (ex?),
Gabon (ex?), Malawi, Mozambique,
Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Redunca fulvorufula '
Mountain Reedbuck
Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique,
Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda
Redunca redunca '
Bohor Reedbuck
Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad, Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali,
Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zaire
Rupicapra pyrenaica "
Southern Chamois
Italy, Spain
Syncerus caffer '
African Buffalo
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia (ex),
Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali,
Mozambique, Namibia, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Tragelaphus angasii '
Nyala
Botswana [int], Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia [int]. South
Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe
Tragelaphus imberbis '
Lesser Kudu
Ethiopia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia (ex?),
Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda,
Yemen (ex?)
Tragelaphus oryx '
Common Eland
Angola, Botswana, Burundi (ex),
Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda,
South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Tragelaphus strepsiceros '
Greater Kudu
Angola, Botswana, Central African
Republic, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia,
South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Order RODENTIA
Family SCIURIDAE
Cynomys parvidens '^
Utah Prairie Dog
USA
Marmota bobak '"
Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine
Family HETEROMYIDAE
Dipodomys stephensi "-
Stephens' Kangaroo Rat
USA
Family MURffiAE
Eolagurus luteus '"
China, Kazakhstan (ex), Mongolia
Pseudomys shortridgei "
Heath Rat
Australia
Class AVES
Order GRUIFORMES
Family GRUIDAE
Grus monacha ■'
Hooded Crane
China, Russia. * Japan, North Korea,
South Korea, Taiwan
Order CHARADRIIFORMES
Family LARTOAE
Larus audouinii ■'
Audouin's Gull
131
Lower Risk : conservation dependent
Algeria, Cyprus, France, Greece,
Italy, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia,
Turkey. * Gabon, Gibraltar, Libya,
Mauritania, Senegal, Western Sahara
Order COLUMBIFORMES
Family COLUMBIDAE
Columba trocaz -'
Madeira Laurel Pigeon
Portugal (Madeira)
Order PASSERIFORMES
Family MUSCICAPmAE
Acanthiza katherina -'
Mountain Thombill
Australia
Pachycephala rufogularis -'
Red-lored Whistler
Australia
Sericornis keri -'
Atherton Scrubwren
Australia
Stipiturus mallee -'
Mallee Emuwren
Australia
Class AMPHIBIA
Order ANURA
Family DISCOGLOSSroAE
Bombina bombina "
Austria, Belams, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Denmark,
Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Order CAUDATA
Family SALAMANDRffiAE
Triturus cristatus "
Great Crested Newt
Austria, Belams, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Moldova, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Ukraine, United Kingdom
Order PERCIFORMES
Family SPARmAE
Lithognatus lithognathus '=*
White Steenbras
South Africa
Family CICHLmAE
Serranochromis meridianus '"
Lowveld Largemouth
South Africa
Family GOBimAE
Mistichthys luzonensis '»'
Sinarapan
Philippines
Family BELONTIIDAE
Belontia signata '"
Combtail
Sri Lanka
Malpulutta kretseri "'
Ornate Paradisefish
Sri Lanka
Family MELIPHAGIDAE
Lichenostomus hindwoodi -'
Eungella Honeyeater
Australia
Family FRINGILLEDAE
Fringilla teydea -'
Blue Chaffinch
Spain (Canary Is)
Family CALLAEIDAE
Philesturnus carunculatus ^'
Saddleback
New Zealand
Family PTILONORHYNCHIDAE
Prionodura newtoniana -'
Golden Bowerbird
Australia
Class REPTILIA
Order TESTUDINES
Family PELOMEDUSIDAE
Podocnemis expansa '">
South American River Turtle
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
Guyana, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPREVIDAE
Barbus treurensis '"
Treur River Barb
South Africa
Puntius cumingii '"
Two Spot Barb
Sri Lanka
Puntius nigrofasciatus '"
Black Ruby Barb
Sri Lanka
Puntius pleurotaenia '"
Side Striped Barb
Sri Lanka
Puntius titteya "'
Cherry Barb
Sri Lanka
Rasbora vaterifloris '"
Valeria Flower Rasbora
Sri Lanka
Family BALITORIDAE
Acanthocobitis urophthalmus "*
Banded Mountain Loach
Sri Lanka
Class CRUSTACEA
Order ANOSTRACA
Family ARTEMIIDAE
Artemia monica "
Mono Lake Brine Shrimp
USA
Order CYCLOPOIDA
Family CYCLOPIDAE
Metacyclops campestris ""
Brazil
Muscocyclops bidenatiis '■"
Brazil
Muscocyclops therasiae ""
Brazil
Ponticyclops boscoi '■"
Brazil
Thermocyclops parvus ""
USA
Order HARPACTICOroA
Family CANTHOCAMPTroAE
Attheyella yemanjae '■"
Brazil
Canthocamptiis campaneri '«
Brazil
132
Molluscs: snails
Family
PARASTENOCARroroAE
Murunducaris juneae '"
Brazil
Class INSECTA
Order ORTHOPTERA
Family ACRTOmAE
Spaniacris deserticola '"
Spanistic Desert Grasshopper
Mexico, USA
Family GRYLLffiAE
Neonemobius eurynotus '"
Bay Area Ground Cricket
USA
Family STENOPELMATmAE
Stenopelmatus nigrocapitatus '*
Black-headed Jerusalem Cricket
USA
Class BIVALVIA
Order UNIONOIDA
Family UNIONIDAE
Simpsonaias ambigua -*
USA
Order VENEROroA
Family TRmACNroAE
Hippopus hippopus '"
Bear Paw Clam
American Samoa (ex?), Australia,
Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji
(ex?), Guam (ex?), India? (Andaman
& Nicobar Is), Indonesia, Japan
(Nansei-shoto (ex?),
Ogasawara-gunto), Kiribati,
Malaysia, Marshall Islands,
Myanmar, New Caledonia, Northern
Marianas (ex?), Palau, Papua New
Guinea, Philippines, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, Taiwan (ex?),
Thailand?, Tonga (ex?), Tuvalu,
Vanuatu, Western Samoa (ex?)
Hippopus porcellanus ""
China Clam
Indonesia, Palau, Philippines
Tridacna maxima '"
Small Giant Clam
American Samoa, Australia, British
Indian Ocean Territory, China, Cook
Islands, Egypt, Federated States of
Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia,
Guam, India (Andaman & Nicobar
Is, Lakshadweep), Indonesia, Japan,
Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar,
Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall
Islands, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Myanmar, New Caledonia, Northern
Marianas, Palau, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Pitcaim Islands, Saudi
Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tokelau,
Tonga, Tuvalu, US Minor Pacific
Islands, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Western
Samoa
Tridacna squamosa '»'
Scaly Clam
American Samoa, Australia, British
Indian Ocean Territory, Egypt,
Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji,
French Polynesia, Guam (ex?), India
(Andaman & Nicobar Is,
Lakshadweep), Indonesia, Japan
(ex?), Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar,
Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall
Islands, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Myanmar, New Caledonia, Northern
Marianas (ex?), Palau, Papua New
Guinea, Philippines, Saudi Arabia,
Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon
Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu,
USA [int] (Hawaiian Is), Vanuatu,
Viet Nam, Western Samoa
Class GASTROPODA
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Family CYCLOPHORIDAE
Craspedoma hespericum ™
Portugal (Azores)
Craspedoma lyonnetianum '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Craspedoma trochoideum '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Order STYLOMMATOPHORA
Family BULEVTULroAE
Napaeus nanodes '
Spain (Canary Is)
Family GEOMITRIDAE
Caseolus leptostictus '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Lemniscia calva ' "
Portugal (Madeira)
Family HELICIDAE
Hemicycla adansoni '
Spain (Canary Is)
Hemicycla inutilis '
Spain (Canary Is)
Family HYGRGMimAE
Canariella leprosa '•
Spain (Canary Is)
Canariella pthonera '
Spain (Canary Is)
Family PUPILLIDAE
Leiostyla laurinea '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Family VERTIGEVIDAE
Pupisoma orcula '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Vertigo angustior '"
Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine, United
Kingdom
Vertigo genesii '"
Finland, Germany, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom
Vertigo geyerii '"
Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, Germany, Ireland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norway, Poland,
Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland,
United Kingdom
Vertigo moulinsiana '"
Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Belgium, Czech Repubhc,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Lithuania, Morocco,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine
133
Lists
Lower Risk : near threatened
Class MAMMALIA
Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA
Family DIDELPHIDAE
Caluromys lanatus '-'
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru,
Venezuela
Caluromys philander '-'
Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana,
Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela
Chironectes minimus '^'
Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
El Salvador, French Guiana,
Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Gracilinanus agilis "'
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay
Gracilinanus marica '-'
Colombia, Venezuela
Gracilinanus microtarsus '-'
Brazil
Marmosa lepida '^'
Bolivia, Brazil?, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Suriname
Marmosops fuscatus '-'
Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago,
Venezuela
Marmosops impavidus '-'
Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru,
Venezuela
Marmosops incanus '-'
Brazil
Marmosops invictus '-'
Panama
Marmosops parvidens '-'
Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru,
Suriname, Venezuela
Micoureus alstoni "'
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
Micoureus constantiae '-'
Argentina, Brazil, Colombia
Monodelphis americana '^'
Brazil
Monodelphis dimidiata '-'
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Monodelphis iheringi '-'
Brazil
Thylamys macrura '-'
Brazil, Paraguay
Order DASYUROMORPHIA
Family DASYURffiAE
Antechinus godmani "
Atherton Antechinus
Australia
Antechinus leo "
Cinnamon Antechinus
Australia
Dasyurus hallucatus "
Northern Quoll
Australia
Dasyurus viverrinus "
Eastern Quoll
Australia
Phascogale tapoatafa "
Brush-tailed Phascogale
Australia
Order DIPROTODONTIA
Family PHASCOLARCXroAE
Phascolarctos cinereus "
Koala
Australia
Family POTOROroAE
Bettongia gaimardi "
Tasmanian Bettong
Australia
Wyulda squamicaudata "
Scaly-tailed Possum
Australia
Family MACROPODIDAE
Dendrolagus bennettianus "
Bennett's Tree-kangaroo
Australia
Dendrolagus lumholtzi "
Lumholtzi's Tree-kangaroo
Australia
Lagorchestes conspicillatus "
Spectacled Hare-wallaby
Australia
Macropus bemardus "
Black Wallaroo
Australia
Macropus irma "
Western Brush Wallaby
Australia
Macropus parma "
Parma Wallaby
Australia, New Zealand [int]
Petrogale burbidgei "
Monjon
Australia
Petrogale coenensis "
Cape York Rock-wallaby
Australia
Petrogale concinna "
Nabarlek
Australia
Petrogale sharmani "
Mountain Claro Rock-wallaby
Australia
Petrogale xanthopus "
Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby
Australia
Family PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE
Hemibelideus lemuroides "
Lemuroid Ringtail Possum
Australia
Pseudochirops archeri "
Green Ringtail Possum
Australia
Pseudochirulus cinereus "
Daintree River Ringtail Possum
Australia
Pseudochirulus herbertensis "
Herbert River Ringtail Possum
Australia
Family PETAURIDAE
Petaurus australis "
Yellow-bellied Glider
Australia
Petaurus norfolcensis "
Squirrel Glider
Australia
135
Lower Risk ; near threatened
Order XENARTHRA
Family DASYPODTOAE
Cabassous tatouay "
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Tolypeutes matacus ^
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Order INSECTIVORA
Family ERINACEIDAE
Hylomys sinensis *
China, Myanmar, Viet Nam
Family SORICroAE
Blarinella wardi "
Southern Short-tailed Shrew
China, Myanmar
Crocidura thalia *
Ethiopia
Sorex macrodon "
Mexico
Sorex oreopolus "
Mexico
Order CHIROPTERA
Family PTEROPODIDAE
Acerodon celebensis "
Sulawesi Fruit Bat
Indonesia
Aethalops alecto '-
Pygmy Fruit Bat
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Casinycters argynnis '-
Short-palate Fruit Bat
Cameroon, Zaire
Cynopterus nusatenggara '-
Indonesia
Dobsonia exoleta '-
Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat
Indonesia
Dobsonia minor ■"-
Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Dobsonia praedatrix "-
New Britain Naked-backed Bat
Papua New Guinea
Dyacopterus spadiceus'-
Dyak Fruit Bat
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines
Epomophorus angolensis ••-
Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat
Angola, Namibia
Nyctimene aello ■*-
Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
Papua New Guinea
Nyctimene certans «
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Nyctimene cyclotis '■
Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Paranyctimene raptor *-
Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Pteropus chrysoproctus "
Ambon Flying-fox
Indonesia
Pteropus temmincki "
Indonesia
Pteropus vetulus '-
New Caledonia
Rousettus bidens "
Indonesia
Rousettus obliviosus '■
Comoros
Styloctenium wallacei '-
Indonesia
Thoopterus nigrescens "
Swift Fruit Bat
Indonesia, Philippines?
Family EMBALLONURIDAE
Balantiopteryx io '-
Belize, Guatemala, Mexico
Cyttarops alecto '-
Brazil, Costa Rica, Guyana,
Nicaragua
Diclidurus isabellus '■
Brazil, Venezuela
Saccolaimus flaviventris ■*-
Australia, Papua New Guinea
Saccolaimus peli "
Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon,
Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria,
Uganda, Zaire
Saccopteryx gymnura '-
Brazil, Venezuela?
Taphozous australis *-
Australia, Papua New Guinea
Family NYCTERIDAE
Nycteris aurita '^
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania
Nycteris intermedia "-
Angola, Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire,
Gabon, Ghana, Tanzania, Zaire
Nycteris woodi '-
Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi,
Mozambique, Somalia?, South
Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Family MEGADERMAXmAE
Cardioderma cor "
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda
Family RHDMOLOPHroAE
Cloeotis percivali '-
Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique,
South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Coelops robinsoni '-
Malaysia
Hipposideros camerunensis "■
Cameroon, Kenya, Zaire
Hipposideros coronatus *-
Philippines
Hipposideros curtus "-
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea,
Nigeria?
Hipposideros dinops *-
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands
Hipposideros edwardshilli «
Papua New Guinea
Hipposideros fuliginosus «
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia,
Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire
Hipposideros halophyllus "^
Thailand
Hipposideros hypophyllus «
India
Hipposideros jonesi '-
Burkina Faso, Equatorial Guinea,
Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
Sudan
Hipposideros lekaguli •'^
Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand
Hipposideros lylei '■
Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand
Hipposideros macrobullatus '-
Indonesia
Hipposideros madurae *-
Indonesia
Hipposideros obscurus '■
Philippines
Hipposideros pratti *-
China, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Hipposideros pygmaeus "
Philippines
Hipposideros schistaceus '-
India
Hipposideros semoni *^
Australia, Papua New Guinea
Hipposideros sorenseni '-
Indonesia
136
Mammals
•n
Hipposideros stenotis "
Australia
Hipposideros sumbae *■
Indonesia
Hipposideros wollastoni ••-
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Rhinolophus alcyone '■
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone?,
Sudan, Uganda, Zaire
Rhinolophus blasii '-
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ethiopia, Greece,
Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Morocco,
Pakistan, Romania, Somalia, South
Africa, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Yemen, Yugoslavia,
Zaire
Rhinolophus canuti '-
Indonesia
Rhinolophus celebensis '-
Indonesia
Rhinolophus cornutus "-
China?, Japan
Rhinolophus creaghi '-
Indonesia, Malaysia
Rhinolophus guineensis '-
Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Rhinolophus maclaudi "-
Guinea, Liberia, Rwanda, Uganda,
Zaire
Rhinolophus monoceros •■-
Taiwan
Rhinolophus nereis *-
Indonesia
Rhinolophus philippinensis "-
Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Papua New Guinea, Philippines
Rhinolophus rufus "-
Philippines
Rhinolophus shameli ■■-
Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Thailand
Rhinolophus silvestris ■"-
Congo, Gabon
Rhinolophus thomasi *-
China, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Rhinolophus virgo *-
Philippines
Rhinolophus yunanensis "
China, India, Thailand
Family MORMOOPIDAE
Mormoops blainvillii '■
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Pteronotus quadridens '-
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Family PHYLLOSTOMIDAE
Anoura latidens '■
Venezuela
Ardops nichollsi "-
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, St
Lucia, St Vincent
Artibeus amplus *-
Colombia, Venezuela
Artibeus concolor "
Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana,
Peru, Venezuela
Artibeus fimbriatus '-
Brazil, Paraguay
Artibeus inopinatus *-
El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua
Artibeus obscurus '-
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Pern, Venezuela
Brachyphylla nana '-
Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica
(ex), Turks and Caicos Islands
Choeroniscus godmani "
Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Suriname,
Venezuela
Choeroniscus intermedius '-
Brazil, French Guiana, Pern,
Trinidad and Tobago
Choeronycteris mexicana •"-
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, USA
Diphylla ecaudata '-
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA,
Venezuela
Glossophaga morenoi "-
Mexico
Lonchorhina orinocensis '-
Colombia, Venezuela
Micronycteris daviesi «
Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana,
Honduras, Panama, Peru, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Micronycteris sylvestris '-
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Pern, Trinidad
and Tobago, Venezuela
Monophyllus plethodon *-
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda,
Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, St Lucia, St
Vincent
Phyllonycteris poeyi "-
Cuban Flower Bat
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti
Phyllops falcatiis •'-
Cayman Islands, Cuba, Haiti
Phyllostomus latifolius *-
Colombia, French Guiana
Platyrrhinus aurarius *-
Colombia, Suriname, Venezuela
Platyrrhinus infuscus *-
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru
Platyrrhinus umbratus '■-
Colombia, Panama?, Venezuela
Rhinophylla alethina '-
Colombia, Ecuador
Rhinophylla fischerae *-
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Sturnira aratathomasi '-
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Sturnira bidens "
Brazil?, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
Sturnira magna *-
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Sturnira mordax "-
Costa Rica, Panama
Tonatia evotis *-
Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
Vampyressa bidens '-
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana,
Pern, Suriname, Venezuela
Vampyressa melissa '-
Colombia, French Guiana, Peru
Vampyrum spectrum *-
Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala,
Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad
and Tobago, Venezuela
Family NATALmAE
Natalus lepidus "-
Bahamas, Cuba
Family VESPERTILIONmAE
Chalinolobus beatrix •-
Congo, Cote d'lvoire,
Guinea-Bissau?, Kenya
Chalinolobus egeria '-
Cameroon, Uganda
Chalinolobus gleni '-
Cameroon, Uganda
Chalinolobus picatus *-
Australia
137
Lower Risk : near threatened
Chalinolobus poensis '-
Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea,
Gambia, Ghana?, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Zaire
Chalinolobus tuberculatus *-
New Zealand
Eptesicus bobrinskoi '-
Iran?, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Eptesicus brunneus "-
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
(Bioko), Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria,
Sierra Leone, Zaire
Eptesicus caurinus ^-
Australia
Eptesicus douglasorum '-
Australia
Eptesicus floweri "-
Mali, Sudan
Eptesicus guineensis '-
Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Zaire
Eptesicus pachyotis '-
India, Myanmar, Thailand
Eudiscopus denticulus *-
Laos, Myanmar
Glischropus javanus '-
Javan Thick-thumbed Bat
Indonesia
Harpiocephalus mordax «
Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand
Histiotus macrotus *-
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Histiotus velatus *-
Brazil, Paraguay
la io *-
China, India, Laos, Thailand, Viet
Nam
Kerivoula cuprosa «
Cameroon, Kenya, Zaire
Kerivoula intermedia "
Malaysia
Kerivoula minuta *-
Malaysia, Thailand
Kerivoula smithi *-
Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire, Kenya,
Liberia, Nigeria, Zaire
Laephotis angolensis '-
Angola, Zaire
Laephotis botswanae '-
Botswana, Malawi, South Africa,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Laephotis wintoni *-
Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa
Lasiurus egregius *■
Brazil, French Guiana, Panama
Miniopterus fraterculus *-
Angola, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia
Miniopterus minor ^-
Comoros, Congo, Kenya,
Madagascar, Sao Tome & Principe,
Tanzania, Zaire
Miniopterus schreibersi *-
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,
Angola, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, China,
Croatia, Ethiopia, France, Gambia?,
Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece,
Guinea, Hong Kong, Hungary, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy,
Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon,
Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi,
Malaysia, Malta, Morocco,
Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia,
Nepal, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Portugal, Romania,
Rwanda?, Saudi Arabia, Sierra
Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon
Islands, Somalia?, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan,
Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand,
Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Viet
Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Murine aenea «
Malaysia
Murina aurata '-
China, Myanmar, Nepal
Murina huttoni «
China, India, Malaysia, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Murina rozendaali *-
Malaysia
Murina silvatica "
Japan
Myotis annectans '■
India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand
Myotis bombinus '-
China, Japan, Russia
Myotis chiloensis '-
Chile
Myotis fortidens '-
Guatemala, Mexico
Myotis frater '-
China, Japan, North Korea, Russia,
South Korea
Myotis goudoti *-
Comoros, Madagascar
Myotis hosonoi '-
Japan
Myotis macrodactylus *-
Japan, Russia
Myotis macrotarsus ■"-
Malaysia, Phihppines
Myotis martiniquensis '-
Barbados, Martinique
Myotis montivagus '-
China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Thailand
Myotis myotis *-
Greater Mouse-eared Bat
Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal
(Azores), Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria,
Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
(ex?), Yugoslavia
Myotis nesopolus ■*-
Colombia, Venezuela
Myotis pequinius *-
China
Myotis ricketti *-
China
Myotis ridleyi '-
Indonesia, Malaysia
Myotis rosseti '^
Cambodia, Thailand
Nyctalus aviator '-
China, Japan, North Korea, South
Korea
Nyctalus lasiopterus '-
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary,
Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya,
Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland,
Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Nyctalus leisleri *-
Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia?,
Austria, Azerbaijan?, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
China, Croatia, Czech Republic,
France, Georgia?, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy,
Kazakhstan?, Latvia, Libya,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia,
Moldova, Netherlands, Pakistan,
Poland, Portugal (Madeira),
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
(Canary Is), Switzerland,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United
Kingdom, Uzbekistan?, Yugoslavia
Nyctalus montanus *-
Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
138
Mammals
^
Nycticeius rueppellii "
Australia
Nyctophilus daedalus *-
Australia
Nyctophilus sherrini '^
Australia
Nyctophilus walkeri "■
Australia
Pipistrellus oriel "
Egypt, Sudan
Pipistrellus bodenheimeri «
Israel, Oman, Yemen
Pipistrellus cadornae «
India, Myanmar, Thailand
Pipistrellus kitcheneri "-
Indonesia
Pipistrellus macrotis *-
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Pipistrellus tnordax "-
Indonesia, Philippines?
Pipistrellus musciculus *-
Cameroon, Gabon, Zaire
Pipistrellus papuanus *-
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Pipistrellus paterculus '■
China, India, Myanmar, Thailand
Pipistrellus pulveratus '-
China, Hong Kong, Thailand
Pipistrellus wattsi *-
Papua New Guinea
Rhogeessa alleni '-
Mexico
Rhogeessa genowaysi '-
Mexico
Rhogeessa gracilis '-
Mexico
Rhogeessa minutilla "
Colombia, Venezuela
Rhogeessa mira "
Mexico
Rhogeessa parvula "
Mexico
Scotoecus albofuscus "
Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Ghana,
Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Sudan
Scotomanes omatus '-
China, India, Myanmar, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Scotophilus nigrita "-
Ghana, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sudan, Togo, Zaire, Zimbabwe
Scotophilus robustus "
Madagascar
Family MOLOSSIDAE
Chaerephon bregullae *-
Fiji, Vanuatu
Chaerephon chapini *-
Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia,
Namibia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Chaerephon johorensis *-
Indonesia, Malaysia
Chaerephon solomonis "
Solomon Islands
Cheiromeles parvidens *-
Indonesia, Philippines
Cheiromeles torquatus '-
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Eumops underwoodi '-
Belize, El Salvador. Honduras,
Nicaragua, USA
Molossops abrasus "-
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana,
Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Molossops mattogrossensis •*-
Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela
Molossus aztecus '-
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua
Molossus coibensis *-
Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Mexico, Panama, Peru. Venezuela
Mops congicus '-
Cameroon, Gambia?, Ghana,
Nigeria, Uganda, Zaire
Mops demonstrator *-
Burkina Faso, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire
Mops petersoni '-
Cameroon, Ghana, Sierra Leone?
Mops sarasinorum *-
Indonesia, Philippines
Mops trevori '-
Uganda, Zaire
Tadarida australis '-
Australia, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea
Tadarida brasiliensis '-
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles,
Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, St
Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks
and Caicos Islands, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Tadarida espiritosantensis *-
Brazil
Tadarida fulminans *-
Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi,
Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Tadarida ventralis '-
Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Zaire
Order PRIMATES
Family CHEIROGALEmAE
Phaner furcifer "
Fork-marked Lemur
Madagascar
Family LORIDAE
Arctocebus aureus '"
Golden Potto
Cameroon, Central African
Republic?, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Zaire?
Arctocebus calabarensis ""
Angwantibo
Cameroon, Nigeria
Family GALAGONffiAE
Euoticus elegantulus '"
Western Needle-clawed Galago
Angola?, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Zaire
Euoticus pallidus '■"
Northern Needle-clawed
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea,
Nigeria
Galago alleni '■"
Allen's Galago
Angola?, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Nigeria
Galago gallarum '"
Somali Galago
Ethiopia?, Kenya, Somalia
Galago niatschiei '"
Lesser Needle-clawed Galago
Burundi?, Rwanda?, Uganda, Zaire
Galago zanzibaricus '■"
Zanzibar Galago
Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,
Somalia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
Otolemur garnettii '"
Small-eared Greater Galago
Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania
139
Lower Risk : near threatened
Family CERCOPITHECIDAE
Allenopithecus nigroviridis '"
Allen's Swamp Monkey
Cameroon, Congo, Zaire
Cercocebus atys '"'
Sooty Mangabey
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Senegal,
Sierra Leone
Cercocebus galeritus ""
Crested Mangabey
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire
Cercocebus torquatus '"
Red-capped Mangabey
Cameroon, Congo, Cote d'lvoire.
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana,
Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone
CercopUhecus hamlyni '■"
Owl-faced Monkey
Rwanda, Uganda?, Zaire
CercopUhecus Ihoesti '"
L'Hoest's Monkey
Burandi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire
Colobus polykomos ""
Western Black-and-white Colobus
Cote d'lvoire, Gambia, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Senegal?,
Sierra Leone
Lophocebus aterrimus '"
Black Mangabey
Angola, Zaire
Macaca fascicularis '"
Crab-eating Macaque
Brunei?, Cambodia, India (Andaman
& Nicobar Is), Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Macaca hecki '"
Heck's Macaque
Indonesia
Macaca mulatta '"
Rhesus Macaque
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan, USA [int], Viet Nam
Macaca sinica '■"
Toque Macaque
Sri Lanka
Macaca tonkeana ""
Tonkean Macaque
Indonesia
Mandrillus sphinx '"
Mandrill
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon
Papio hamadryas ""
Hamadryas Baboon
Djibouti, Egypt (ex), Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Somalia,
Sudan, Yemen
Papio papio '"
Guinea Baboon
Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau?,
Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Sierra
Leone
Presbytis femoralis '■"
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
Presbytis thomasi '■"
Indonesia
Procolobus badius ""
Red Colobus
Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo, Cote d'lvoire.
Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire
Procolobus verus '"
Olive Colobus
Benin?, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana,
Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra
Leone, Togo (ex?)
Semnopithecus entellus '•"
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Theropithecus gelada '"
Gelada Baboon
Ethiopia
Trachypithecus cristatus '•"
Brunei?, Cambodia, India, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Singapore?, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family HYLOBATmAE
Hylobates agilis '"
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
Hylobates lar '«
China, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Hylobates muelleri '•"
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Hylobates syndactylus '"
Indonesia, Malaysia
Order CARNIVORA
Family CANmAE
Crysocyon brachyurus "
Maned Wolf
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay?
Family FELffiAE
Catopuma temmincki *
Asiatic Golden Cat
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Leopardus tigrinus *
Little Spotted Cat
Argentina, Bolivia?, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua?,
Paraguay?, Suriname, Venezuela
Panthera onca *
Jaguar
Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,
Venezuela
Prionailurus viverrinus *
Fishing Cat
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei,
Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan (ex?), Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Family MUSTELffiAE
Aonyx cinerea '"
Oriental Small-clawed Otter
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei,
Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Aonyx congica '-'
Burundi?, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Congo, Gabon,
Niger?, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire
Family PHOCIDAE
Phoca sibirica '"
Baikal Seal
Russia
[L. Baikal]
Family PROCYONmAE
Bassaricyon beddardi '"
Guyana, Venezuela?
Bassaricyon gabbii '"
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Nicaragua, Panama
Bassariscus sumichrasti '"
Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras?, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama
140
Mammals
n
Order CETACEA
Family BALAENOPTERmAE
Balaenoptera acutorostrata "
Minke Whale
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (eastern central,
northeast, northwest, western
central), Mediterranean and Black
Sea]
Order PERISSODACTYLA
Family TAPIRIDAE
Tapirus terrestris '"
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,
Venezuela
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Family SUIDAE
Sus philippensis '"
Philippine Warty Pig
Philippines
Family TRAGULIDAE
Hyemoschus aquaticus "
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo, Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea?,
Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
Uganda, Zaire
Family MOSCHIDAE
Moschus berezovskii "
Forest Musk Deer
China, Myanmar, Viet Nam
Moschus chrysogaster "
Afghanistan, China, India, Nepal,
Pakistan
Moschus fuscus "
Black Musk Deer
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar,
Nepal
Family CERVIDAE
Hydropotes inermis "
Chinese Water Deer
China
Mazama rufina "
Little Red Brocket Deer
Ecuador, Venezuela
Ozotoceros bezoarticus "
Pampas Deer
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay
Pudu mephistophiles "
Northern Pudu
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Family BOVmAE
Capra pyrenaica "
Spanish Ibex
Portugal (ex), Spain
Cephalophus callipygus '
Peters' Duiker
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
Cephalophus dorsalis '
Bay Duiker
Angola, Benin?, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Congo, Cote
d'lvoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo,
Uganda (ex), Zaire
Cephalophus leucogaster '
White-bellied Duiker
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Uganda (ex), Zaire
Cephalophus maxwellii '
Maxwell's Duiker
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'lvoire,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
Cephalophus niger '
Black Duiker
Benin?, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana,
Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra
Leone, Togo
Cephalophus nigrifrons '
Black-fronted Duiker
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea?, Gabon, Kenya, Rwanda,
Uganda, Zaire
Cephalophus ogilbyi '
Ogilby's Duiker
Cameroon, Congo?, Cote d'lvoire.
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana,
Guinea?, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra
Leone
Cephalophus silvicultor '
Yellow-backed Duiker
Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso,
Bumndi (ex?), Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia,
Nigeria, Rwanda (ex?), Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda,
Zaire, Zambia
Cephalophus weynsi '
Weyn's Duiker
Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire
Gazella dorcas '
Dorcas Gazelle
Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad,
Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Israel, Libya, Mali, Mauritania,
Morocco, Niger, Nigeria?, Senegal
(ex), Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia,
Westem Sahara
Gazella subgutturosa '
Goitred Gazelle
Afghanistan, Armenia (ex),
Azerbaijan, Bahrain, China,
Georgia(ex), Iran, Iraq, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,
Mongolia, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Syria (ex), Tajikistan,
Turkey, United Arab Emirates,
Uzbekistan, Yemen
Kobus megaceros '
Nile Lechwe
Ethiopia, Sudan
Naemorhedus goral "
Himalayan Goral
Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
Neotragus batesi '
Bates' Pygmy Antelope
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Nigeria, Uganda, Zaire
Neotragus pygmaeus ">
Royal Antelope
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Okapiajohnstoni '
Okapi
Uganda?, Zaire
Procapra gutturosa '
Mongolian Gazelle
China, Mongolia, Russia
Procapra picticaudata '
Tibetan Gazelle
Bhutan?, China, India
Pseudois nayaur "
Blue Sheep
China, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan
Taurotragus derbianus '
Giant Eland
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad (ex?). Cote d'lvoire (ex),
Gambia (ex), Ghana (ex),
Guinea-Bissau, Mali (ex), Nigeria
(ex), Senegal, Sudan, Togo (ex),
Uganda (ex?), Zaire
Tragelaphus eurycerus '
Bongo
Benin (ex?), Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Congo, Cote
d'lvoire, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea,
Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sudan,
Togo (ex?), Uganda (ex), Zaire
Tragelaphus spekii '
Sitatunga
141
Lower Risk : near threatened
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi,
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad, Congo, Cote d'lvoire?.
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia,
Ghana (ex?), Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia,
Niger (ex), Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, Sierra Leone (ex?), Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo (ex?), Uganda,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Order PHOLIDOTA
Family MANIDAE
Manis crassicaudata ""
Indian Pangolin
Bangladesh, China, India, Pakistan,
Sri Lanka
Manis javanica ""
Malayan Pangolin
Bangladesh?, Brunei, Cambodia,
China?, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore
(ex?), Thailand, Viet Nam
Manis pentadactyla ""
Chinese Pangolin
Bangladesh?, Cambodia, China,
Hong Kong, India, Laos, Myanmar,
Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam
Manis temminckii ™
Temminck's Ground Pangolin
Angola, Botswana, Central African
Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia,
Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Order RODENTIA
Family SCIURIDAE
Aeretes melanopterus "
China
Belomys pearsonii "
Bhutan, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Eoglaucomys fimbriatus "
India, Pakistan
Epixerus ebii "
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra
Leone
Epixerus wilsoni "
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
Funisciurus Isabella "
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo
Hylopetes haberi "
Afghanistan
Hylopetes bartelsi "
Indonesia
Hylopetes nigripes "
Philippines
Lariscus niobe "
Indonesia
Lariscus obscurus "
Indonesia
Marmota caudata "
Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India,
Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan
Paraxerus alexandri "
Uganda, Zaire
Petaurista magnificus "
Bhutan, China, India, Nepal
Petaurista nobilis "
Bhutan, India, Nepal
Petinomys lugens "
Indonesia
Prosciurillus weberi "
Indonesia
Pteromys volans '
Russian Flying Squirrel
China, Finland, Japan, Mongolia,
North Korea, Russia, South Korea
Pteromyscus pulverulentus "
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand
Sciurus anomalus '
Persian Squirrel
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon,
Syria, Turkey
Sciurus arizonensis "
Mexico, USA
Sciurus richmondi "
Nicaragua
Sciurus sanbomi " '
Peru
Sciurus vulgaris '
Red Squirrel
Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Japan, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia
Spermophilus madrensis "
Mexico
Spermophilus major "
Russia
Spermophilus perotensis "
Mexico
Sundasciurus brookei "
Indonesia, Malaysia
Sundasciurus moellendorffi "
Philippines
Sundasciurus steerii "
Philippines
Syntheosciurus brochus "
Mountain Squirrel
Costa Rica, Panama
Family CASTORIDAE
Castor fiber "
Eurasian Beaver
Austria, Belarus, China, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova?, Mongolia,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Russia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine
Family GEOMYmAE
Orthogeomys cherriei "
Costa Rica
Pappogeomys fumosus "
Mexico
Pappogeomys tylorhinus "
Mexico
Pappogeomys zinseri "
Mexico
Thomomys umbrinus "
Mexico, USA
Family HETEROMYmAE
Dipodomys nitratoides "-
San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat
USA
Dipodomys phillipsii "
Mexico
Heteromys goldmani "
Mexico
Heteromys oresterus "
Costa Rica
Liomys adspersus "
Panama
Liomys spectabilis "
Mexico
Perognathus alticola *^
White-eared Pocket Mouse
USA
Perognathus amplus "
Mexico, USA
Family DEPODroAE
Allactaga buUata "
China, Mongolia
142
Mammals
*n
Allactaga euphratica "
Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Jordan,
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey
Jaculus orientalis "
Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Libya,
Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia
Pygeretmus shitkovi "
Kazakhstan
[L. Balkhash]
Salpingotus heptneri "
Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan
Salpingotus kozlovi "
China, Mongolia
Sicista betulina "
Northern Birch Mouse
Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland,
Georgia, Germany, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Norway,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Sweden, Ukraine
Sicista subtilis '
Southern Birch Mouse
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Hungary, Kazakhstan,
Macedonia, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Family MURIDAE
Acomys nesiotes "
Cyprus
Aethomys stannarius "'
Cameroon, Nigeria
Akodon sanctipaulensis "
Brazil
Alticola albicauda "
India, Pakistan
Alticola roylei "
China, India
Apodemus semotus "
Taiwan
Arvicola sapidus »
Southern Water Vole
France, Portugal, Spain
Beamys major "
Greater Hamster-rat
Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
Bibimys torresi "
Argentina
Blanfordimys bucharicus "
Afghanistan?, Tajikistan
Blarinomys breviceps "
Brazil
Brachyuromys betsileoensis "
Madagascar
Brachyuromys ramirohitra "
Madagascar
Bunomys fratrorum "
Indonesia
Bunomys heinrichi "
Indonesia
Calomyscus mystax "
Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan
Calomyscus tsolovi "
Syria
Calomyscus urartensis '*
Azerbaijan, Iran
Celaenomys silaceus *
Philippines
Chibchanomys trichotis •"
Colombia, Peru, Venezuela
Chionomys gud "
Georgia, Russia, Turkey
Chionomys nivalis «
Snow Vole
Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic, France,
Georgia, Greece, Israel, Italy,
Lebanon, Macedonia, Poland,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Chionomys roberti "
Georgia, Russia, Turkey
Chiropodomys muroides "
Malaysia
Clethrionomys sikotanensis '"
Japan, Russia
Cricetulus migratorius '
Grey Hamster
Afghanistan, Bulgaria, China,
Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova,
Mongolia, Pakistan, Romania,
Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
Dasymysfoxi "
Nigeria
Dendromus kahuziensis "
Zaire
Dendromus lovati "
Ethiopia
Dendroprionomys rousseloti "
Congo
Dinaromys bogdanovi '
Balkan Snow Vole
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Diomys crumpi "
India, Nepal
Diplothrix legatus "
Ryukyu Long-tailed Giant Rat
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Eliurus webbi "
Madagascar
Gerbillus nancillus "
Sudan
Gerbillus poecilops "
Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Gerbillus riggenbachi "
Western Sahara
Grammomys minnae "
Ethiopia
Habromys lepturus "
Mexico
Hapalomys delacouri "
China, Viet Nam
Hapalomys longicaudatus "
Myanmar
Hodomys alleni "
Mexico
Hybomys basilii "
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Hydromys habbema "
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Hydromys hussoni "
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Hydromys shawmayeri "
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Ichthyomys hydrobates '*
Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
Isthmomys pirrensis "
Panama
Juscelinomys candango "
Brazil
Kadarsanomys sodyi "
Indonesia
Lasiopodomys fuscus "
China
Leggadina forresti "
Australia
Leggadina lakedownensis "
Lakeland Downs Mouse
Australia
Lemniscomys roseveari '"
Zambia
Lenoxus apicalis «
Bolivia, Peru
Lophuromys medicaudatus '"
Rwanda, Zaire
Lophuromys melanonyx "
Ethiopia
Lophuromys rahmi "
Rwanda, Zaire
Malacomys lukolelae '"
Zaire
Mallomys istapantap "
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
143
Lower Risk : near threatened
Mastomys verheyeni "
Cameroon, Nigeria
Maxomys hylomyoides "
Indonesia
Maxomys pagensis "
Indonesia
Maxomys panglima "
Philippines
Megadontomys cryophilus "
Mexico
Melomys aerosus "
Indonesia
Melomys bougainville "
Solomon Islands
Melomys fraterculus "
Indonesia
Melomys obiensis "
Indonesia
Mesembriomys gouldii "
Australia
Microdillus peeli "
Somalia
Microhydromys richardsoni "
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Micromys minutus "
Harvest Mouse
Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia,
Germany, Hungary, India, Italy,
Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,
Mongolia, Netherlands, North Korea,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia,
South Korea, Spain, Switzerland,
Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United
Kingdom, Yugoslavia
Microtus cabrerae '
Cabrera's Vole
France, Portugal, Spain
Microtus feltini '
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia, Greece, Macedonia,
Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Microtus guentheri '
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Greece, Macedonia,
Slovenia, Turkey, Yugoslavia
Microtus nasarovi "
Russia
Microtus oaxacensis "
Mexico
Microtus oeconomus *
Root Vole
Austria, Belarus?, Canada, Czech
Republic, Finland, Germany,
Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, USA,
Ukraine
Microtus sachalinensis "
Russia
Microtus tatricus *
Tatra Vole
Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine
Microtus thomasi '
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia, Greece, Macedonia,
Slovenia, Yugoslavia
Mus mayori "
Sri Lanka
Mus spicilegus '
Steppe Mouse
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Hungary, Macedonia,
Romania, Slovenia, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Mus vulcani "
Indonesia
Myomys albipes "
Ethiopia
Myopus sckisticolor '
China, Finland, Mongolia, Norway,
Russia, Sweden
Myospalax epsilanus "
China, Russia
Myospalax rothschildi "
China
Myospalax smithii "
China
Neacomys pictus "
Panama
Neotoma magister "
Allegheny Woodrat
USA
Neotoma palatina "
Mexico
Nesokia bunnii "
Iraq
Niviventer coxingi "
Taiwan
Niviventer culturatus "
Taiwan
Niviventer hinpoon "
Thailand
Notomys aquilo "
Northern Hopping-mouse
Australia
Notomys cervinus "
Australia
Oligoryzomys vegetus "
Panama
Oryzomys dimidiatus "
Nicaragua
Oryzomys levipes "
Bolivia, Peru
Oryzomys oniscus "
Brazil
Otomys anchietae "
Angola, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania
Otomys denti "'
Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia
Otomys saundersiae "
South Africa
Otomys sloggetti "
South Africa
Otomys typus "
Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zambia
Peromyscus grandis "
Guatemala
Peromyscus guardia "
Mexico
Peromyscus simulus "
Mexico
Peromyscus winkelmanni "
Mexico
Petromyscus monticularis "
South Africa
Phloeomys pallidus "•
Philippines
Phyllotis bonaeriensis *»
Argentina
Pithecheir melanurus "
Indonesia
Podoxymys roraimae "
Guyana
Praomys mutoni '"
Zaire
Prionomys batesi "
Dollman's Tree Mouse
Cameroon, Central African Republic
Proedromys bedfordi "
China
Pseudomys delicatulus "
Australia
Pseudomys desertor "
Australia
Pseudomys johnsoni "
Australia
Pseudomys nanus "
Australia
Rattus foramineus "
Indonesia
Rattus giluwensis "
Giluwe Rat
Papua New Guinea
Rattus hainaldi '=
Indonesia
144
Mammals
n
Rattus jobiensis "
Indonesia
Rattus koopmani "
Indonesia
Rattus sordidus "
Australia
Rattus tunneyi "
Australia
Reithrodontomys hirsutus "
Mexico
Reithrodontomys microdon "
Guatemala, Mexico
Reithrodontomys paradoxus "
Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Reithrodontomys zacatecae "
Mexico
Rheomys mexicanus "
Mexico
Rhipidomys caucensis "
Colombia
Rhipidomys ochrogaster "
Peru
Solomys salebrosus "
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Srilankamys oriensis "
Sri Lanka
Steatomys cuppedius "
Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal
Stenocephalemys albocaudata "'
Ethiopia
Stenocephalemys griseicauda "■'
Ethiopia
Tachyoryctes daemon "
Rwanda, Tanzania
Tachyoryctes spalacinus "
Kenya
Taeromys punicans "
Indonesia
Thallomys shortridgei "'
South Africa
Thomasomys monochromos "
Colombia
Thomasomys notatus "
Peru
Tylomys fulviventer "
Panama
Uromys anak "
Papua New Guinea
Uromys hadrourus "
Australia
Volemys clarkei "
China
Xenomys nelsoni "
Mexico
Xenuromys barbatus "
Rock-dwelling Rat
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Family ANOMALURIDAE
Anomalurus pelii "
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra
Leone
Idiurus macrotis "
Benin, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo, Cote d'lvoire,
Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia,
Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire
Idiurus zenkeri "
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Congo, Gabon, Uganda, Zaire
Zenkerella insignis "
Flightless Scaly-tailed Squirrel
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Gabon
Family MYOXIDAE
Dryomys laniger "
Turkey
Dryomys nitedula *
Forest Dormouse
Afghanistan, Austria, Belarus,
Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Pakistan,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
Eliomys melanurus "
Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey
Muscardinus avellanarius '"
Common Dormouse
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,
Netherlands, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine,
United Kingdom, Yugoslavia
Myoxus glis «
Fat Dormouse
Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Estonia?, France,
Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iran, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Family BATHYERGmAE
Bathyergus janetta "
Namibia, South Africa
Cryptomys foxi "
Nigeria
Cryptomys zechi "
Ghana, Togo
Heliophobius argenteocinereus "
Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Family HYSTRICIDAE
Hystrix crassispinis "
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Hystrix cristata '
Crested Porcupine
Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Italy, Kenya,
Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, South Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Westem
Sahara
Family CHINCHILLroAE
Lagidium wolffsohni •"
Argentina, Chile
Family CAVIIDAE
DoUchotis patagonum "
Argentina
Dolichotis satinicola "
Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay
Family DASYPROCTmAE
Dasyprocta mexicana "
Mexico
Family AGOUXmAE
Agouti taczanowskii "
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Family CTENOMYmAE
Ctenomys latro "
Argentina
Ctenomys nattereri "
Brazil
Ctenomys sociabilis "
Argentina
Family ECHIMYroAE
Carterodon sulcidens "
Brazil
145
Lower Risk : near threatened
Diplomys caniceps "
Colombia, Ecuador
Echimys blainvillei "
Brazil
Echimys pictus "
Brazil
Isothrix bistriata "
Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela
Isothrix pagurus "
Brazil
Olallamys albicauda "
Colombia
Olallamys edax "
Colombia, Venezuela
Proechimys albispinus "
Brazil
Proechimys gorgonae "
Colombia
Family CAPROMYroAE
Mysateles melanurus "
Bushy-tailed Hutia
Cuba
Mysateles meridionalis "
Isla de la Juventud Tree Hutia
Cuba
Order LAGOMORPHA
Family OCHOTONIDAE
Ochotona forresti ""
Forrest's Pika
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar
Ochotona thomasi ""
Thomas' Pika
China
Family LEPORmAE
Brachylagus idahoensis ""
Pygmy Rabbit
USA
Lepus callotis ""
White-sided Jackrabbit
Mexico, USA
Lepus insularis ""
Black Jackrabbit
Mexico
Lepus yarkandensis ""
Yarkland Hare
China
Sylvilagus cunicularius ""
Mexican Cottontail
Mexico
Sylvilagus mansuetus '"
San Jose Brush Rabbit
Mexico
Class AVES
Order RHEIFORMES
Family RHEffiAE
Rhea americana -'
Greater Rhea
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay
Rhea pennata -'
Lesser Rhea
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Order CASUARIIFORMES
Family CASUARIIDAE
Casuarius bennetti -'
Dwarf Cassowary
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Order TINAMIFORMES
Family TINAMmAE
Crypturellus columbianus -'
Colombian Tinamou
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Peru
Crypturellus noctivagus -'
Yellow-legged Tinamou
Brazil
Crypturellus transfasciatus "
Pale-browed Tinamou
Ecuador, Peru
Nothocercus nigrocapiltus -'
Hooded Tinamou
Bolivia, Peru
Tinamus solitarius -'
Solitary Tinamou
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Order SPHENISCIFORMES
Family SPHENISCIDAE
Spheniscus demersus -'
Jackass Penguin
Namibia, South Africa. * Angola,
Mozambique
Spheniscus humboldti -'
Humboldt Penguin
Chile, Peru
Order PODICIPEDIFORMES
Family PODICIPEDroAE
Podiceps gallardoi -'
Hooded Grebe
Argentina
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES
Family DIOMEDEmAE
Diomedea bulleri -'
Buller's Albatross
New Zealand
Diomedea chrysostoma -'
Grey-headed Albatross
Australia, Falkland Islands, French
Southern and Antarctic Territories,
New Zealand, South Africa
Diomedea epomophora -'
Royal Albatross
New Zealand
Diomedea irrorata -'
Waved Albatross
Ecuador
Phoebetria fusca -'
Sooty Albatross
French Southern and Antarctic
Territories, South Africa, St Helena
Family PROCELLARiroAE
Macronectes halli -'
Northern Giant-petrel
Australia, French Southern and
Antarctic Territories, New Zealand,
South Africa
Puffinus bulleri -'
Buller's Shearwater
New Zealand
Family HYDROBATmAE
Oceanodroma homochroa -'
Ashy Storm-petrel
Mexico, USA
Oceanodroma monorhis -'
Swinhoe's Storm-petrel
Japan, South Korea, Taiwan. * China
Oceanodroma tethys -'
Wedge-rumped Storm-petrel
Ecuador, Peru
Oceanodroma tristrami -'
Tristram's Storm-petrel
Japan (Kazan-retto), USA (Hawaiian
Is)
Order PELECANIFORMES
Family SULIDAE
Moms capensis -'
Cape Gannet
Namibia, South Africa. * Angola,
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe,
Tanzania, Zaire
146
Birds
Family
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax coronatus -'
Crowned Cormorant
Angola, Namibia, South Africa
Phalacrocorax gaimardi -'
Red-legged Cormorant
Argentina, Chile, Peru
Phalacrocorax neglectus ''
Bank Cormorant
Namibia, South Africa
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis -'
Socotra Cormorant
Yemen
Phalacrocorax pygmeus -'
Pygmy Cormorant
Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Yugoslavia. * Afghanistan, Austria,
Georgia, Israel
Family ANHEVGIDAE
Anhinga melanogaster^'
Oriental Darter
Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia,
India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand
(ex?), Viet Nam
Order CICONIIFORMES
Family ARDEffiAE
Agamia agami 2'
Agami Heron
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, Venezuela
Ardea sumatrana ^'
Great-billed Heron
Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New
Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Viet
Nam
Ardeola idae -'
Madagascar Pond-heron
Madagascar, Seychelles. * Burundi,
Comoros, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe
Ixobrychus eurhythmus -'
Schrenck's Bittern
China, Japan, North Korea, Russia,
South Korea. * Brunei, China,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Taiwan,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Tigrisoma fasciatum ='
Fasciated Tiger-heron
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru,
Venezuela
Zebrilus undulatus -'
Zigzag Heron
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guyana, Peru,
Suriname, Venezuela
Zonerodius heliosylus -'
Forest Bittern
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Family BALAENICIPITmAE
Balaeniceps rex -'
Shoebill
Bumndi?, Central African Republic,
Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia
Family CICONIIDAE
Anastomus oscitans -'
Asian Openbill
Bangladesh, Cambodia, India,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam
Mycteria leucocephala ^'
Painted Stork
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Lophotibis cristata -'
Madagascar Crested Ibis
Madagascar
Pseudibis papulosa -'
Red-naped Ibis
Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan
Threskiornis melanocephalus -'
Black-headed Ibis
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India,
Indonesia, Japan (ex), Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Viet
Nam. * China, Hong Kong,
Indonesia, Japan, Lesotho, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Family PHOENICOPTERroAE
Phoenicopterus minor 2'
Lesser Flamingo
Botswana, Djibouti, Kenya,
Mauritania, Namibia, South Africa,
Zaire, Zambia. * Angola, Burundi,
Cameroon, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
India, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mozambique, Pakistan, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda,
Yemen, Zimbabwe
Order ANSERIFORMES
Family ANHIMIDAE
Chauna chavaria -'
Northern Screamer
Colombia, Venezuela
Family ANATTOAE
Aix galericulata -'
Mandarin Duck
China, Japan, North Korea, Russia,
South Korea. * Austria [int],
Belgium [int], Netherlands [int],
Taiwan, United Kingdom [int]
Anas luzonica -'
Philippine Duck
Philippines
Anas melleri -'
Meller's Duck
Madagascar, Mauritius [int]
Anas specularis -'
Spectacled Duck
Argentina, Chile
Chtoephaga rubidiceps -'
Ruddy-headed Goose
Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands
Cygnus buccinator -'
Trumpeter Swan
Canada, USA
Heteronetta atricapilla -'
Black-headed Duck
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Paraguay, Uruguay
Neochenjubata -'
Orinoco Goose
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana,
Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Tachyeres leucocephalus -'
Chubut Steamerduck
Argentina
Order FALCONIFORMES
Family ACdPITRTOAE
Accipiter butleri -'
Nicobar Sparrowhawk
India
Accipiter collaris -'
Semicollared Hawk
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Accipiter henstii ^'
Henst's Goshawk
Madagascar
147
Lower Risk : near threatened
Accipiter luteoschistaceus -'
Slaty-mantled Sparrowhawk
Papua New Guinea
Accipiter madagascariensis ^'
Madagascar Sparrowhawk
Madagascar
Accipiter nanus ^'
Small Sparrowhawk
Indonesia
Accipiter potiogaster -'
Grey-bellied Goshawk
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana,
Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
Accipiter princeps -'
New Britain Goshawk
Papua New Guinea
Aegypius monachus -'
Cinereous Vulture
Afghanistan, Albania (ex?),
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria?,
China, Cyprus?, Georgia, Greece,
Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Mongolia, Pakistan, Portugal,
Russia, Spain (Balearic Is), Syria?,
Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. *
Bangladesh?, Bhutan?, Egypt, Hong
Kong, India, Italy, Morocco,
Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea,
Oman, Saudi Arabia, South Korea,
Thailand
Aquila gurneyi -'
Gumey's Eagle
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Aviceda jerdoni ^'
Jerdon's Baza
Brunei, China, India, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Thailand
Butastur liventer -'
Rufous-winged Buzzard
Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Buteo solitarius -'
Hawaiian Hawk
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Buteo ventralis -'
Rufous-tailed Hawk
Argentina, Chile
Circaetus fasciolatus -'
Southern Banded Snake-eagle
Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, South
Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
Circus macrourus -'
Pallid Harrier
China, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine. *
Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,
Angola, Bangladesh, Benin,
Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Cote d'lvoire, Cyprus, Djibouti,
Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia,
Ghana, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon,
Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar,
Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria,
Oman, Pakistan, Rwanda, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Togo,
Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Circus maillardi -'
Madagascar Harrier
Comoros, Madagascar, Reunion
Circus maurus -'
Black Harrier
Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa
Gyps bengalensis -'
White-rumped Vulture
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan, Thailand, Viet Nam
Gyps indicus ■'
Long-billed Vulture
Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Haliaeetus albicilla -'
White-tailed Eagle
Albania (ex?), Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, (jeorgia, Germany, Greece,
Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Iran,
Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia,
Nepal, Norway, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Sweden, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia.
* Afghanistan, Faeroe Islands,
France, India, Israel, Japan, Nepal,
North Korea, Pakistan, South Korea,
Taiwan, Tajikistan, USA, United
Kingdom [re-int], Uzbekistan
Harpia harpyja -'
Harpy Eagle
Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname
Harpyhaliaetus solitarius ''
Solitary Eagle
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,
Venezuela
Henicopemis infuscatus ^'
Black Honey-buzzard
Papua New Guinea
Ichthyophaga humilis ''
Lesser Fish-eagle
China, India, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus ^'
Grey-headed Fish-eagle
Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia,
India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam
Leucopternis plumbea -'
Plumbeous Hawk
Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru
Leucopternis polionota -^
Mantled Hawk
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Leucopternis semiplumbea -'
Semiplumbeous Hawk
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Honduras, Panama
Megatriorchis doriae ^'
Doria's Goshawk
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Morphnus guianensis ^'
Crested Eagle
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana,
Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Suriname, Venezuela
Oroaetus isidori -'
Black-and-chestnut Eagle
Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Sarcogyps calvus -'
Red-headed Vulture
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand, Viet
Nam
Spilornis elgini ^'
Andaman Serpent-eagle
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Spilornis minimus -'
Nicobar Serpent-eagle
India
Spizaetus lanceolatus -'
Sulawesi Hawk-eagle
Indonesia
Spizastur melanoleucus ^'
Black-and-white Hawk-eagle
Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa
Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala,
Guyana, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname,
Venezuela
148
Birds
Family FALCONIDAE
Falco chicquera -'
Red-necked Falcon
Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan
Falco deiroleucus -'
Orange-breasted Falcon
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad
and Tobago, Venezuela
Falco novaeseelandiae -'
New Zealand Falcon
New Zealand
Microhierax latifrons -'
White-fronted Falconet
Malaysia
Microhierax melanoleucus -'
Pied Falconet
Bangladesh, China, India, Laos,
Viet Nam
Phalcoboenus australis-'
Striated Caracara
Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands
Polihierax insignis -'
White-rumped Falcon
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Order GALLIFORMES
Family MEGAPODIffiAE
Megapodius bernsteinii -'
Sula Scrubfowl
Indonesia
Megapodius cumingii -'
Tabon Scrubfowl
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Family CRACIDAE
Aburria aburri ^'
Wattled Guan
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Chamaepetes unicolor-'
Black Guan
Costa Rica, Panama
Penelope jacucaca ^'
White-browed Guan
Brazil
Penelope pileata ^'
White-crested Guan
Brazil
Family PHASUNIDAE
Agriocharis ocellata ^'
Ocellated Turkey
Belize, Guatemala, Mexico
Alectoris magna ■'
Rusty-necklaced Partridge
China
Anurophasis monorthonyx -'
Snow Mountain Quail
Indonesia
Arborophila atrogularis -'
White-cheeked Partridge
Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar
Arborophila crudigularis -'
Taiwan Partridge
Taiwan
Bonasa sewerzowi -'
Chinese Grouse
China
Chrysolophus amherstiae 2'
Lady Amherst's Pheasant
China, Myarunar
Chrysolophus pictus -'
Golden Pheasant
China
Crossoptilon auritum -'
Blue Eared-pheasant
China
Cyrtonyx ocellatus ^'
Ocellated Quail
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua
Dendragapus falcipennis -'
Siberian Grouse
China, Russia
Dendrortyx macroura -'
Long-tailed Wood-partridge
Mexico
Callus sonneratii -'
Grey Junglefowl
India
Lophura swinhoii -'
Swinhoe's Pheasant
Taiwan
Melanoperdix nigra -'
Black Partridge
Indonesia, Malaysia
Odontophorus atrifrons ^'
Black-fronted Wood-quail
Colombia, Venezuela
Odontophorus columbianus -'
Venezuelan Wood-quail
Venezuela
Odontophorus dialeucos -'
Tacarcuna Wood-quai!
Panama
Odontophorus hyperythrus -'
Chestnut Wood-quail
Colombia
Odontophorus leucolaemus ^'
Black-breasted Wood-quail
Costa Rica, Panama
Odontophorus melanonotus -'
Dark -backed Wood-quail
Colombia, Ecuador
Polyplectron chalcurum -'
Bronze-tailed Peacock-pheasant
Indonesia
Syrmaticus mikado -'
Mikado Pheasant
Taiwan
Syrrrmticus soemmerringii ^'
Copper Pheasant
Japan
Tetrao mlokosiewiczi -'
Caucasian Grouse
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran,
Russia, Turkey
Tetraophasis obscurus -'
Chestnut-throated Partridge
China
Tetraophasis szechenyii ^'
Buff-throated Partridge
China, India
Tragopan satyra ^'
Satyr Tragopan
Bhutan, China, India, Nepal
Tragopan temminckii -'
Temminck's Tragopan
China, India, Myanmar, Viet Nam
Order GRUIFORMES
Family TURNICmAE
Turnix ocellata ^'
Spotted Buttonquail
Philippines
Family GRUIDAE
Grus antigone -'
Sams Crane
Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, India,
Laos, Nepal, Philippines (ex?),
Thailand (ex?), Viet Nam
Family RALLIDAE
Gallirallus australis ^'
Weka
New Zealand
Gallirallus rovianae ^'
Roviana Rail
Solomon Islands
Laterallus spilonotus -^
Galapagos Rail
Ecuador
Micropygia schomburgkii -'
Ocellated Crake
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French
Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname,
Venezuela
149
Lower Risk : near threatened
Neocrex colombianus -'
Colombian Crake
Colombia, Ecuador, Panama
Porzana paykullii -'
Band-bellied Crake
China, Russia. * China, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Rougetius rougetii -'
Rouget's Rail
Eritrea, Ethiopia
Family OTIDroAE
Eupodotis caerulescens ''
Blue Bustard
Lesotho, South Africa
Eupodotis humilis ■'
Little Brown Bustard
Ethiopia, Somalia
Neotis nuba -'
Nubian Bustard
Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan
Tetrax tetrax -'
Little Bustard
Albania?, Algeria, Bulgaria (ex),
China, Czech Republic (ex), France,
Greece (ex), Iran, Iraq?, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco,
Portugal, Russia, Spain, Turkey,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan. * Azerbaijan?,
Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Libya,
Pakistan, Romania, Tajikistan,
Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Yugoslavia
Order CHARADRIIFORMES
Family HAEMATOPODmAE
Haematopus moquini -'
African Oystercatcher
Namibia, South Africa
Family GLAREOLIDAE
Glareola nordmanni -'
Black-winged Pratincole
Armenia, Belarus, Hungary, Iraq,
Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Syria, Ukraine. * Angola,
Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon,
Chad, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran,
Israel, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia,
South Africa, Sudan, Turkey,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia
Family CHARADRIIDAE
Charadrius javanicus -'
Javan Plover
Indonesia
Charadrius peronii -'
Malaysian Plover
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam
Charadrius placidus -'
Long-billed Plover
China, Japan, North Korea, Russia. *
China, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, North Korea, South Korea
Phegornis mitchellii -'
Diademed Sandpiper-plover
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Pluvianellus socialis -'
Magellanic Plover
Argentina, Chile
Vanellus cinereus -'
Grey-headed Lapwing
China, Japan, Mongolia. *
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines,
Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family SCOLOPACIDAE
Coenocorypha aucklandica -'
New Zealand Snipe
New Zealand (Auckland Is, Chatham
Is)
Gallinago hardwickii -'
Latham's Snipe
Japan. * Australia, China, Indonesia,
Papua New Guinea, Taiwan
Gallinago imperialis -'
Imperial Snipe
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Gallinago media -'
Great Snipe
Belarus, Denmark (ex), Estonia,
Finland, Germany (ex), Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands (ex), Norway,
Poland, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine. *
Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Cote
d'lvoire, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Gabon, Ghana, India, Iran, Kenya,
Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone,
South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Gallinago stricklandii -'
Fuegian Snipe
Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands
Limnodromus semipalmatus -'
Asian Dowitcher
China, Mongolia, Russia. *
Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei,
Cambodia, Hong Kong, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Limosa haemastica -'
Hudsonian Godwit
Canada, USA. * Argentina,
Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Falkland Islands, Mexico, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
Numenius madagascariensis -'
Far Eastern Curlew
China, Mongolia, Russia. *
Australia, Brunei, China, Federated
States of Micronesia, Fiji, Hong
Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
New Zealand, North Korea, Palau,
Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand,
Western Samoa
Scolopax celebensis -'
Sulawesi Woodcock
Indonesia
Family LARIDAE
Lams heermanni -'
Heermann's Gull
Mexico, USA
Larus pacificus -'
Pacific Gull
Australia
Larus relic tus -'
Relict Gull
China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
Russia. * South Korea, Viet Nam
Sterna balaenarum -'
Damara Tern
Angola?, Namibia, South Africa. *
Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon,
Ghana, Nigeria, Togo, Zaire?
Sterna elegans -'
Elegant Tern
Mexico, USA
Family ALCTOAE
Brachyramphus marmoratus -'
Marbled Murrelet
Canada, Russia, USA
Synthliboramphus craven ^'
Craveri's Murrelet
Mexico, USA
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus -'
Xantus's Murrelet
Canada, Mexico, USA
Order COLUMBIFORMES
Family COLUMBBDAE
Caloenas nicobarica ^'
Nicobar Pigeon
Cambodia, India (Andaman &
Nicobar Is), Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Palau, Papua New
150
Birds
Guinea, Philippines, Solomon
Islands, Thailand, Viet Nam
Columba albinucha -'
White-naped Pigeon
Cameroon, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire
Columba araucana -'
Chilean Pigeon
Argentina, Chile
Columba elphinstonii -'
Nilgiri Wood-pigeon
India
Columba janthina -'
Japanese Wood-pigeon
Japan, South Korea, Taiwan
Columba palumboides -'
Andaman Wood-pigeon
India
Columba pollenii -'
Comoro Olive-pigeon
Comoros
Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa ^'
Sombre Pigeon
Indonesia
Duculafinschii ^'
Finsch's Imperial-pigeon
Papua New Guinea
Ducula melanochroa -'
Bismarck Imperial-pigeon
Papua New Guinea
Gallicolumba canifrons ^'
Palau Ground-dove
Palau
Gallicolumba luzonica "
Luzon Bleeding-heart
Philippines
Gallicolumba stairi -'
Shy Ground-dove
American Samoa, Fiji, Tonga, Wallis
and Futuna Islands, Western Samoa
Gallicolumba xanthonura ^'
White-throated Ground-dove
Federated States of Micronesia,
Guam (ex), Northern Marianas
Geophaps smithii ^'
Partridge Pigeon
Australia
Geotrygon caniceps -'
Grey-headed Quail-dove
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti
Geotrygon goldmani -'
Russet-crowned Quail-dove
Colombia, Panama
Geotrygon mystacea ''
Bridled Quail-dove
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda,
Bahamas, Dominica, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands
Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and
Nevis, St Lucia, Virgin Islands
(British), Virgin Islands (US)
Geotrygon versicolor 2'
Crested Quail-dove
Jamaica
Gymnophaps mada -'
Long-tailed Mountain-pigeon
Indonesia
Henicophaps albifrons -'
New Guinea Bronzewing
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Henicophaps foersteri -'
New Britain Bronzewing
Papua New Guinea
Leptotila batty i -'
Brown-backed Dove
Panama
Macropygia rufipennis -'
Andaman Cuckoo-dove
India
Phaps histrionica -'
Flock Bronzewing
Australia
Ptilinopus alligator ■'
Black-banded Fruit-dove
Australia
Ptilinopus coralensis -'
Atoll Fruit-dove
French Polynesia
Ptilinopus eugeniae -'
White-headed Fruit-dove
Solomon Islands
Ptilinopus layardi "
Whistling Dove
Fiji
Ptilinopus merrilli 2'
Cream-bellied Fruit-dove
Philippines
Ptilinopus monacha •'
Blue-capped Fruit-dove
Indonesia
Ptilinopus rarotongensis -'
Cook Islands Fruit-dove
Cook Islands
Ptilinopus roseicapilla ^'
Mariana Fruit-dove
Guam, Northern Marianas
Ptilinopus tannensis -'
Tanna Fruit-dove
Vanuatu
Streptopelia reichenowi ^'
White-winged Collared-dove
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
Treron capellei -'
Large Green-pigeon
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Treron floris ^'
Flores Green-pigeon
Indonesia
Treron formosae -'
Whistling Green-pigeon
Japan, Philippines, Taiwan
Treron fulvicollis -'
Cinnamon-headed Green-pigeon
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Treron oxyura -^
Sumatran Green-pigeon
Indonesia
Treron pembaensis -'
Pemba Green-pigeon
Tanzania
Treron seimundi -'
Yellow-vented Green-pigeon
Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Viet Nam
Treron sieboldii -'
White-bellied Green-pigeon
China, Japan, Laos, Taiwan,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Treron teysmannii ='
Sumba Green-pigeon
Indonesia
Trugon terrestris -'
Thick-billed Ground-pigeon
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Order PSITTACIFORMES
Family PSITTACroAE
Agapomis fischeri ^'
Fischer's Lovebird
Tanzania
Alisterus amboinensis -'
Moluccan King-parrot
Indonesia
Amazona collaria -'
Yellow-billed Amazon
Jamaica
Amazona dufresniana ^'
Blue-cheeked Amazon
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname,
Venezuela
Amazona finschi -'
Lilac-crowned Amazon
Mexico
Amazona leucocephala ^'
Cuban Amazon
Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba
Amazona ventralis -'
Hispaniolan Amazon
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto
Rico [int]
Aprosmictus jonquillaceus -'
Olive-shouldered Parrot
Indonesia
151
Lower Risk : near threatened
Aratinga erythrogenys -'
Red-masked Parakeet
Ecuador, Peru
Brotogeris pyrrhopterus -'
Grey-cheeked Parakeet
Ecuador, Peru
Cacatua goffini -'
Tanimbar Cockatoo
Indonesia
Cacatua leadbeateri -'
Pink Cockatoo
Australia
Cacatua pastinator -'
Western Corella
Australia
Charmosyna margarethae ='
Duchess Lorikeet
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Charmosyna multistriata -'
Striated Lorikeet
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Charmosyna palmarum -'
Palm Lorikeet
Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Cyanoramphus auriceps -'
Yellow-fronted Parakeet
New Zealand
Enicognathus leptorhynchus ^'
Slender-billed Parakeet
Chile
Eos reticulata -'
Blue-streaked Lory
Indonesia
Eos semilarvata ■'
Blue-eared Lory
Indonesia
Loriculus pusillus -'
Yellow-throated Hanging-parrot
Indonesia
Loriculus tener -'
Green-fronted Hanging-parrot
Papua New Guinea
Lorius albidinuchus "
White-naped Lory
Papua New Guinea
Micropsitta geelvinkiana -'
Geelvink Pygmy-parrot
Indonesia
Nannopsittaca dachilleae -'
Amazonian Parrotlet
Peru
Neophema pulchella ^'
Turquoise Parrot
Australia
Nestor notabilis -'
Kea
New Zealand
Pionopsitta pileata "
Pileated Parrot
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Prioniturus discurus -'
Blue-crowned Racquet-tail
Philippines
Prioniturus flavicans -'
Yellowish-breasted Racquet-tail
Indonesia
Prioniturus mada -'
Bum Racquet-tail
Indonesia
Probosciger aterrimus "
Palm Cockatoo
Australia, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea
Prosopeia personata -'
Masked Shining-parrot
Fiji
Prosopeia splendens -'
Crimson Shining-parrot
Fiji
Psephotus dissimilis -'
Hooded Parrot
Australia
Psittacula caniceps ^'
Nicobar Parakeet
India (Andaman & Nicobar Is)
Psittacula derbiana ='
Derbyan Parakeet
China, India
Psittinus cyanurus -^
Blue-rumped Parrot
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Pyrrhura rhodocephala -'
Rose-headed Parakeet
Venezuela
Touit costaricensis -'
Red-fronted Parrotlet
Costa Rica, Panama
Order CUCULIFORMES
Family MUSOPHAGIDAE
Tauraco fischeri -'
Fischer's Turaco
Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania
Family CUCULmAE
Carpococcyx renauldi -'
Coral-billed Ground-cuckoo
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam
Centropus andamanensis -'
Brown Coucal
India, Myanmar
Centropus chalybeus "
Biak Coucal
Indonesia
Centropus rectunguis -'
Short-toed Coucal
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Centropus spilopterus -'
Kai Coucal
Indonesia
Centropus unirufus -'
Rufous Coucal
Philippines
Coua verreauxi -'
Verreaux's Coua
Madagascar
Neomorphus squamiger -'
Scaled Ground-cuckoo
Brazil
Order STRIGIFORMES
Family TYTONIDAE
Tyto multipunctata -'
Lesser Sooty-owl
Australia
Family STRIGmAE
Aegolius harrisii -'
Buff-fronted Owl
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru,
Venezuela
Aegolius ridgwayi -'
Unspotted Saw-whet Owl
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Mexico
Bubo nipalensis -'
Spot-bellied Eagle-owl
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam
Glaucidium castanonotum -'
Chestnut-backed Owlet
Sri Lanka
Ketupa flavipes -'
Tawny Fish-owl
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Viet
Nam
Ninox affinis -'
Andaman Hawk Owl
India
Otus balli -'
Andaman Scops Owl
India
Otus barbarus -'
Santa Barbara Screech-owl
Guatemala, Mexico
Otus colombianus -'
Colombian Screech-owl
Colombia, Ecuador
152
Birds
Otus hartlaubi -'
Sao Tome Scops-owl
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe?,
Sao Tome)
Otus pembaensis ■'
Pemba Scops-owl
Tanzania
Otus silvicola ■'
Wallace's Scops-owl
Indonesia
Strix occidentalis ■'
Spotted Owl
Canada, Mexico, USA
Xenoglaux loweryi -'
Long-whiskered Owlet
Peru
Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Family PODARGmAE
Batrachostomus javensis -'
Javan Frogmouth
Indonesia
Batrachostomus moniliger 2'
Sri Lanka Frogmouth
India, Sri Lanka
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE
Caprimulgus concretus -'
Bonaparte's Nightjar
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Caprimulgus hirundinaceus -'
Pygmy Nightjar
Brazil
Caprimulgus whitelyi -'
Roraiman Nightjar
Venezuela
Eleothreptus anomalus "
Sickle-winged Nightjar
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Macropsalis creagra -'
Long-trained Nightjar
Argentina, Brazil
Nyctiphrynus mcleodii -'
Eared Poorwill
Mexico
Nyctiphrynus rosenbergi 2'
Choco Poorwill
Colombia, Ecuador
Siphonorhis brewsteri -'
Least Poorwill
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Order APODIFGRMES
Family APODmAE
Collocalia francica ^'
Mascarene Swiftlet
Mauritius, Reunion
Cypseloides rothschildi -'
Rothschild's Swift
Argentina, Bolivia, Peru
Hydrochrous gigas -'
Waterfall Swift
Indonesia, Malaysia
Family TROCHILIDAE
Anthocephala floriceps -'
Blossomcrown
Colombia
Augastes lumachellus "
Hooded Visorbearer
Brazil
Augastes scutatus "
Hyacinth Visorbearer
Brazil
Avocettula recurvirostris •'
Fiery-tailed Awlbill
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French
Guiana, Guyana, Suriname,
Venezuela
Campy lopterus excellens ^'
Long-tailed Sabrewing
Mexico
Campylopterus phainopeplus -'
Santa Marta Sabrewing
Colombia
Campylopterus villaviscensio ^'
Napo Sabrewing
Ecuador, Peru
Eriocnemis derbyi ''
Black-thighed Puffleg
Colombia, Ecuador
Goethalsia bella -'
Rufous-cheeked Hummingbird
Colombia, Panama
Haplophaedia lugens ''
Hoary Puffleg
Colombia, Ecuador
Heliodoxa gularis -'
Pink-throated Brilliant
Colombia, Ecuador, Pern
Lophornis stictolophus ^'
Spangled Coquette
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Mellisuga helenae -'
Bee Hummingbird
Cuba
Metallura iracunda 2'
Perija Metaltail
Colombia, Venezuela
Metallura odomae -'
Neblina Metaltail
Ecuador, Pern
Oreotrochilus adela -'
Wedge-tailed Hillstar
Bolivia
Phaethornis koepckeae -'
Koepcke's Hermit
Peru
Philodice bryantae ^'
Magenta-throated Woodstar
Costa Rica, Panama
Phlogophilus harterti -'
Peruvian Piedtail
Peru
Phlogophilus hemileucurus -
Ecuadorian Piedtail
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Polyonymus caroli -'
Bronze-tailed Comet
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Ramphodon naevius -'
Saw-billed Hermit
Brazil
Order TROGONIFORMES
Family TROGONIDAE
Pharomachrus mocinno -'
Resplendent Quetzal
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama
Priotelus roseigaster -'
Hispaniolan Trogon
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Trogon bairdii -'
Baird's Trogon
Costa Rica, Panama
Order CORACIIFORMES
Family ALCEDINIDAE
Actenoides lindsayi -'
Spotted Kingfisher
Philippines
Alcedo cyanopecta -'
Indigo-banded Kingfisher
Philippines
Pelargopsis amauropterus ^'
Brown-winged Kingfisher
Bangladesh, India, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
153
Lower Risk : near threatened
Tanysiptera riedelii -'
Biak Paradise-kingfisher
Indonesia
Todirhamphus australasia ^'
Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher
Indonesia
Todirhamphus enigma ■'
Talaud Kingfisher
Indonesia
Todirhamphus funebris -'
Sombre Kingfisher
Indonesia
Todirhamphus nigrocyaneus -'
Blue-black Kingfisher
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Family TODIDAE
Todus angustirostris -'
Narrow-billed Tody
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Family MOMOTIDAE
Electron carinatum -'
Keel-billed Motmot
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua
Family CORACIIDAE
Atelornis pittoides -'
Pitta-like Ground-roller
Madagascar
Family BUCEROTIDAE
Anorrhinus tickelli -'
Brown Hombill
China, India, Laos, Myanmar,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Anthracoceros coronatus '"
Malabar Pied-Hombill
India, Sri Lanka
Anthracoceros malayanus ^'
Black Hombill
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand
Buceros hydrocorax -'
Rufous Hombill
Philippines
Buceros vigil ^'
Helmeted Hombill
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Ceratogymna cylindricus -'
Brown-cheeked Hombill
Benin, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone
Ceratogymna elata -'
Yellow-casqued Hombill
Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia,
Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Togo
Ocyceros griseus -'
Malabar Grey-hombill
India
Penelopides affinis -'
Mindanao Hombill
Philippines
Penelopides manillae -'
Luzon Hombill
Philippines
Penelopides samarensis ^'
Samar Hombill
Philippines
Order PICIFORMES
Family BUCCONIDAE
Bucco noanamae -'
Sooty-capped Puffbird
Colombia
Micromonacha lanceolata -'
Lanceolated Monklet
Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Panama, Peru
Nonnula amaurocephala -'
Chestnut-headed Nunlet
Brazil
Family CAPITONTOAE
Capita squamatus -'
Orange-fronted Barbel
Colombia, Ecuador
Eubucco tucinkae -'
Scarlet-hooded Barbet
Pern
Lybius chaplini -'
Chaplin's Barbet
Zambia
Lybius rubrifacies -'
Red-faced Barbet
Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
Megataima corvina -'
Brown-throated Barbet
Indonesia
Megalaimajavensis -'
Black-banded Barbet
Indonesia
Megalaima rafflesii -'
Red-crowned Barbet
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Semnornis ramphastinus -'
Toucan Barbet
Colombia, Ecuador
Family E>fDICATORroAE
Indicator archipelagicus ^'
Malaysian Honeyguide
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand
Indicator pumilio -'
Dwarf Honeyguide
Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire
Indicator xanthonotus -'
Yellow-rumped Honeyguide
Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan
Family RAMPHASTIDAE
Andigena cucullata ^'
Hooded Mountain-toucan
Bolivia, Peru
Andigena hypoglauca -'
Grey-breasted Mountain-toucan
Colombia, Ecuador, Pern
Andigena laminirostris -'
Plate-billed Mountain-toucan
Colombia, Ecuador
Andigena nigrirostris ■'
Black-billed Mountain-toucan
Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
Aulacorhynchus huallagae ^'
Yellow-browed Toucanet
Peru
Baillonius bailloni ■'
Saffron Toucanet
Brazil
Family PICffiAE
Campethera notata ''
Knysna Woodpecker
South Africa
Dendrocopos dorae -'
Arabian Woodpecker
Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Dendrocopos leucopterus -'
White-winged Woodpecker
Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Dendropicos stierlingi ^'
Stierling's Woodpecker
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania
Dryocopus hodgei -'
Andaman Woodpecker
India
Dryocopus schulzi -'
Black-bodied Woodpecker
Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay
Geocolaptes olivaceus -'
Ground Woodpecker
Lesotho, South Africa
154
Birds
Melanerpes herminieri ^'
Guadeloupe Woodpecker
Guadeloupe
Nesoctites micromegas -'
Antillean Piculet
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Piculus aurulentus -'
Yellow-browed Woodpecker
Brazil
Picumnus nebulosus -'
Mottled Piculet
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Picumnus steindachneri -'
Speckle-chested Piculet
Peru
Picumnus subtilis ^'
Fine-barred Piculet
Peru
Veniliornis chocoensis -'
Choco Woodpecker
Colombia, Ecuador
Order PASSERIFORMES
Family DENDROCOLAPTTOAE
Campylorhamphus pucherani -■
Greater Scythebill
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Family FURNARimAE
Asthenes cactorum -'
Cactus Canastero
Peru
Asthenes urubamhensis "
Line-fronted Canastero
Bolivia, Peru
Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides -'
Canebrake Groundcreeper
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Cranioleuca dissita -'
Coiba Spinetail
Panama
Hylocryptus rectirostris -'
Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner
Brazil
Leptasthenura setaria -'
Araucaria Tit-spinetail
Argentina, Brazil
Leptasthenura yanacensis ''
Tawny Tit-spinetail
Bolivia, Peru
Limnornis rectirostris -'
Straight-billed Reedhaunter
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Margarornis bellulus -'
Beautiful Treerunner
Panama
Phacellodomus dorsalis -'
Chestnut-backed Thombird
Peru
Philydor amaurotis -'
White-browed Foliage-gleaner
Argentina, Brazil
Philydor dimidiatus -'
Russet-mantled Foliage-gleaner
Brazil, Paraguay
Schizoeaca perijana -'
Perija Thistletail
Colombia, Venezuela
Simoxenops ucayalae -'
Peruvian Recurvebill
Bolivia, Brazil, Peru
Siptornopsis hypochondriacus -'
Great Spinetail
Peru
Spartonoica ntaluroides -'
Bay-capped Wren-spinetail
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Synallaxis cherriei -'
Chestnut-throated Spinetail
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Synallaxis fuscorufa -'
Rusty-headed Spinetail
Colombia
Thripophaga berlepschi -'
Russet-mantled Softtail
Peru
Upucerthia harterti -'
Bolivian Earthcreeper
Bolivia
Xenerpestes singularis ^'
Equatorial Greytail
Ecuador, Peru
Family FORMICARimAE
Cercomacra brasiliana -'
Rio de Janeiro Antbird
Brazil
Drymophila genei -'
Rufous-tailed Antbird
Brazil
Drymophila ochropyga -'
Ochre-rumped Antbird
Brazil
Dysithamnus stictothorax -'
Spot-breasted Antvireo
Argentina, Brazil
Formicivora serrana -'
Serra Antwren
Brazil
Grallaria bangsi -'
Santa Marta Antpitta
Colombia
Grallaria blakei -'
Chestnut Antpitta
Peru
Grallaria eludens -^
Elusive Antpitta
Peru
Grallaria excelsa ='
Great Antpitta
Venezuela
Gratlaricula lineifrons -'
Crescent-faced Antpitta
Colombia, Ecuador
Gratlaricula loricata -'
Scallop-breasted Antpitta
Venezuela
Grallaricula ochraceifrons -'
Ochre-fronted Antpitta
Peru
Grallaricula peruviana -'
Peruvian Antpitta
Ecuador, Peru
Herpsilochmus pileatus ='
Black-capped Antwren
Brazil
Hylopezus ochroleucus ='
White-browed Antpitta
Brazil
Myrmotherula klagesi -'
Klages's Antwren
Brazil
Rhegmatorhina gymnops -'
Santarem Antbird
Brazil
Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi -
White-breasted Antbird
Brazil
Thamnophilus praecox -'
Cocha Antshrike
Ecuador
Family CONOPOPHAGroAE
Conopophaga roberti -'
Hooded Gnateater
Brazil
Family RHINOCRYPXroAE
Melanopareia maranonica -'
Marafion Crescent-chest
Peru
Merulaxis ater -^
Slaty Bristlefront
Brazil
Psilorhamphus guttatus -'
Spotted Bamboowren
Argentina, Brazil
155
Lower Risk : near threatened
Family COTINGIDAE
Ampelioides tschudii -'
Scaled Fruiteater
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
Carpodectes hopkei -^
Black-tipped Cotinga
Colombia, Ecuador, Panama
Carpornis cucullatus -'
Hooded Berryeater
Brazil
Conioptilon mcilhennyi-'
Black-faced Cotinga
Peru
Pachyramphus spodiurus -'
Slaty Becard
Ecuador, Peru
Phibalura flavirostris -'
Swallow-tailed Cotinga
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil
Pipreola chlorolepidota -'
Fiery-throated Fruiteater
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Pipreola frontalis -'
Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Pipreola lubomirskii -'
Black-chested Fruiteater
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema -'
Purple-throated Cotinga
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Procnias nudicollis -'
Bare-throated Bellbird
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Tijuca atra ^'
Black-and-gold Cotinga
Brazil
Family PIPRIDAE
Chloropipo flavicapilla -'
Yellow-headed Manakin
Colombia
Pipra iris -'
Opal-crowned Manakin
Brazil
Piprites griseiceps -'
Grey-headed Piprites
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua
Family TYRANNIDAE
Alectrurus tricolor -'
Cock-tailed Tyrant
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Aphanotriccus audax -'
Black-billed Flycatcher
Colombia, Panama
Aphanotriccus capitalis -'
Tawny-chested Flycatcher
Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Contopus ochraceus -'
Ochraceous Pewee
Costa Rica, Panama
Culicivora caudacuta -'
Sharp-tailed Grass-tyrant
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Hemitriccus aenigma -'
Zimmer's Tody-tyrant
Brazil
Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus -'
Cinnamon-breasted Tody-tyrant
Peru
Hemitriccus josephinae -'
Boat-billed Tody-tyrant
Brazil, Guyana, Suriname
Hemitriccus nidipendulus -'
Hangnest Tody-tyrant
Brazil
Hemitriccus orbitatus ^'
Eye-ringed Tody-tyrant
Brazil
Hemitriccus rufigularis "
Buff-throated Tody-tyrant
Bolivia, Peru
Knipolegus hudsoni -'
Hudson's Black-tyrant
Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay
Muscipipra vetula ■'
Shear-tailed Grey Tyrant
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Myiophobus lintoni -'
Orange-banded Flycatcher
Ecuador, Peru
Myiornis albiventris -'
White-bellied Pygmy-tyrant
Bolivia, Peru
Myiotheretes fuscorufus -'
Rufous-bellied Bush-tyrant
Bolivia, Peru
Ochthoeca piurae ^'
Piura Chat-tyrant
Peru
Ochthoeca salvini -'
Tumbes Tyrant
Peru
Phyllomyias griseocapilla ''
Grey-capped Tyrannulet
Brazil
Phyllomyias reiseri -'
Reiser's Tyrannulet
Brazil, Paraguay
Phylloscartes difficilis -'
Serra do Mar Tyrannulet
Brazil
Phylloscartes eximius -'
Southern Bristle-tyrant
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Phylloscartes oustaleti ^'
Oustalet's Tyrannulet
Brazil
Phylloscartes sylviolus ^'
Bay-ringed Tyrannulet
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Phylloscartes venezuelanus -'
Venezuelan Bristle-tyrant
Venezuela
Poecilotriccus albifacies -'
White-cheeked Tody-tyrant
Peru
Polystictus pectoralis -'
Bearded Tachuri
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay,
Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
Polystictus superciliaris ■'
Grey -backed Tachuri
Brazil
Todirostrum viridanum -'
Maracaibo Tody-flycatcher
Venezuela
Xenotriccus calUzonus -'
Belted Flycatcher
Guatemala, Mexico
Xenotriccus mexicanus ^'
Pileated Flycatcher
Mexico
Xolmis salinarum •'
Salinas Monjita
Argentina
Family PITXroAE
Pitta baudii ^'
Blue-headed Pitta
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Pitta caerulea -'
Giant Pitta
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Thailand
Pitta dohertyi 2'
Sula Pitta
Indonesia
Pitta elliotii -'
Bar-bellied Pitta
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam
Pitta megarhyncha -'
Mangrove Pitta
Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Pitta nipalensis ^'
Blue-naped Pitta
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Viet Nam
156
Birds
Pitta soror ^'
Blue-rumped Pitta
Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Family XENICmAE
Xenicus gilviventris -'
South Island Rock Wren
New Zealand
Family PHILEPITTmAE
Philepitta schlegeli -'
Schlegel's Asity
Madagascar
Family MENURIDAE
Menura alberti -'
Albert's Lyrebird
Australia
Family ALAUDIDAE
Certhilauda chuana -'
Short-clawed Lark
Botswana, South Africa
Mirafra pulpa -'
Friedmann's Lark
Ethiopia, Kenya
Mirafra williamsi ^'
Williams's Lark
Kenya
Spizocorys obbiensis -'
Obbia Lark
Somalia
Spizocorys sclateri -'
Sclater's Lark
Namibia, South Africa
Family HIRUNDINmAE
Psalidoprocne fuliginosa -'
Mountain Sawwing
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea,
Nigeria
Tachycineta cyaneoviridis -'
Bahama Swallow
Bahamas. * Cuba, USA
Tachycineta euchrysea -'
Golden Swallow
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica
Family MOTACILLIDAE
Anthus chacoensis -'
Chaco Pipit
Argentina, Paraguay
Anthus hoeschi -'
Mountain Pipit
Lesotho, South Africa
Anthus melindae ^'
Malindi Pipit
Kenya, Somalia
Anthus sharpei -'
Sharpe's Longclaw
Kenya
Macronyx flavicollis ^'
Abyssinian Longclaw
Ethiopia
Macronyx grimwoodi -'
Grim wood's Longclaw
Angola, Zaire, Zambia
Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE
Coracina bicolor -'
Pied Cuckoo-shrike
Indonesia
Coracina coerutescens ^'
Blackish Cuckoo-shrike
Philippines
Coracina dispar ^'
Kai Cicadabird
Indonesia
Coracina dohertyi -'
Sumba Cicadabird
Indonesia
Coracina graueri -'
Grauer's Cuckoo-shrike
Uganda, Zaire
Lalage sharpei ^'
Samoan Triller
Western Samoa
Pericrocotus cantonensis ^'
Brown-rumped Minivet
China
Pericrocotus erythropygius ■'
White-bellied Minivet
India, Myanmar
Family PYCNONOXroAE
Andropadus montanus -'
Cameroon Greenbul
Cameroon, Nigeria
Ixos everetti ^'
Yellowish Bulbul
Philippines
Phyllastrephus baumanni -'
Baumann's Greenbul
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia,
Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo
Phyllastrephus lorenzi -'
Sassi's Greenbul
Uganda, Zaire
Phyllastrephus poliocephalus -'
Grey-headed Greenbul
Cameroon, Nigeria
Pycnonotus penicillatus 2'
Yellow-eared Bulbul
Sri Lanka
Pycnonotus priocephalus ^'
Grey-headed Bulbul
India
Pycnonotus taivanus -'
Styan's Bulbul
Taiwan
Pycnonotus xantholaemus -'
Yellow-throated Bulbul
India
Setomis criniger ^'
Hook-billed Bulbul
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Family IRENIDAE
Chloropsis venusta -'
Blue-masked Leafbird
Indonesia
Family LANIffiAE
Laniarius mufumbiri ^'
Papyrus Gonolek
Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda,
Zaire
Laniarius turatii -'
Turati's Boubou
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone
Lanius validirostris -'
Mountain Shrike
Philippines
Malaconotus lagdeni -'
Lagden's Bush-shrike
Cote d'lvoire, Liberia, Rwanda,
Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zaire
Pityriasis gymnocephala ^'
Bomean Bristlehead
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Family VANGmAE
Euryceros prevostii -'
Helmet Vanga
Madagascar
Family BOMBYCILLmAE
Bombycillajaponica ^'
Japanese Waxwing
Russia. * China, Japan, North Korea,
South Korea, Taiwan
157
Lower Risk : near threatened
Family TROGLODYXroAE
Henicorhina leucoptera -'
Bar-winged Wood-wren
Peru
Thryomanes sissonii ^'
Socorro Wren
Mexico
Family MIMffiAE
Melanoptila glabrirostris -'
Black Catbird
Belize, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico
Toxostoma guttatum -'
Cozumel Thrasher
Mexico
Family PRUNELLIDAE
Prunella fagani -'
Yemen Accentor
Saudi Arabia, Yemen
Family MUSCICAPIDAE
Acrocephalus griseldis -'
Basra Reed-warbler
Iraq. * Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Saudi Arabia,
Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania
Actinodura souliei -'
Streaked Barwing
China, Viet Nam
Alcippe cinerea -'
Yellow-throated Fulvetta
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar
Alcippe ruficapilla -'
Spectacled Fulvetta
China, Laos
Alcippe rufogularis ^'
Rufous-throated Fulvetta
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia,
China, India, Laos, Myanmar,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Amytomis barbatus -'
Grey Grasswren
Australia
Amytomis housei ^'
Black Grasswren
Australia
Amytomis woodwardi^'
White-throated Grasswren
Australia
Babax koslowi -'
Tibetan Babax
China
Babax waddelli ='
Giant Babax
China, India
Brachypteryx major -'
White-bellied Shortwing
India
Brachypteryx stellata -'
Gould's Shortwing
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar,
Nepal, Viet Nam
Bradypterus bangwaensis -'
Cameroon Bracken-warbler
Cameroon
Bradypterus caudatus -'
Long-tailed Bush-warbler
Philippines
Bradypterus palliseri - '
Sri Lanka Bush- warbler
Sri Lanka
Buettikoferella bivittata -'
Buff-banded Grassbird
Indonesia
Cercomela dubia -'
Sombre Chat
Ethiopia, Somalia
Cettia carolinae -'
Tanimbar Bush-warbler
Indonesia
Cettia parens ^'
Shade Warbler
Solomon Islands
Chaetops aurantius -'
Orange-breasted Rockjumper
Lesotho, South Africa
Chaetops frenatus -'
Rufous Rockjumper
South Africa
Chrysomma poecilotis -'
Rufous-tailed Babbler
China
Cichlherminia Iherminieri -'
Forest Thrush
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat,
St Lucia
Cichlopsis leucogenys -'
Rufous-brown Solitaire
Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela
Cinclidium frontale -'
Blue-fronted Robin
Bhutan, China, India, Laos,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Cisticola njombe -'
Churring Cisticola
Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
Clytorhynchus hamlini -'
Rennell Shrikebill
Solomon Islands
Clytorhynchus nigrogularis ^'
Black-throated Shrikebill
Fiji, Solomon Islands
Cochoa purpurea -'
Purple Cochoa
Bhutan, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam
Cochoa viridis -'
Green Cochoa
China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Colluricincla boweri -'
Bower's Shrike-thrush
Australia
Crocias albonotatus ^'
Spotted Crocias
Indonesia
Cyornis caerulatus -'
Large-billed Blue-flycatcher
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Cyornis herioti -'
Blue-breasted Flycatcher
Philippines
Cyornis pallipes -'
White-bellied Blue-flycatcher
India
Cyornis turcosus -'
Malaysian Blue-flycatcher
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Dromaeocercus brunneus -'
Brown Emu-tail
Madagascar
Epthianura crocea -'
Yellow Chat
Australia
Erithacus komadori -'
Ryukyu Robin
Japan
Eumyias albicaudata -'
Nilgiri Flycatcher
India
Eumyias sordida -'
Dull-blue Flycatcher
Sri Lanka
Ficedula harterti -'
Sumba Flycatcher
Indonesia
Ficedula nigrorufa -'
Black-and-rufous Flycatcher
India
Ficedula rufigula -'
Rufous-throated Flycatcher
Indonesia
Ficedula timorensis -'
Black-banded Flycatcher
Indonesia
158
Birds
Garrulax cachinnans ='
Rufous-breasted Laughingthrush
India
Garrulax delesserti -'
Wynaad Laughingthrush
India
Garrulax formosus -'
Red-winged Laughingtlirush
China, Viet Nam
Garrulax galbanus -'
Yellow-throated Laughingthrush
Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar
Garrulax jerdoni -'
Grey-breasted Laughingthrush
India
Garrulax lunulatus -'
Barred Laughingthrush
China
Garrulax maesi -'
Grey Laughingthrush
China, Laos, Viet Nam
Garrulax merulinus -'
Spot-breasted Laughingthrush
China, India, Laos, Myanmar,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Garrulax milnei ^'
Red-tailed Laughingthrush
China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Garrulax nuchalis -'
Chestnut-backed Laughingthrush
India, Myanmar
Garrulax rufifrons ^'
Rufous-fronted Laughingthrush
Indonesia
Garrulax virgatus ^'
Striped Laughingthrush
India, Myanmar
Geomalia heinrichi ^'
Geomalia
Indonesia
Gerygone albofrontata^'
Chatham Islands Warbler
New Zealand
Heteromyias cinereifrons ^'
Grey-headed Robin
Australia
Heterophasia gracilis -'
Grey Sibia
China, India, Myanmar
Hypothymis helenae ■'
Short-crested Monarch
Philippines
Illadopsis rufescens ^'
Rufous- winged Illadopsis
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Liberia,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
Kupeomis chapini -'
Chapin's Mountain-babbler
Zaire
Kupeomis rufocinctus -'
Red-collared Mountain-babbler
Rwanda, Zaire
Leptopoecile elegans -'
Crested Tit-warbler
China
Lioptilus nigricapillus -'
Bush Blackcap
South Africa
Luscinia pectardens -'
Firethroat
China. * Bangladesh, India
Macronous kelleyi -'
Grey-faced Tit-babbler
Laos, Viet Nam
Malacopteron albogulare -'
Grey-breasted Babbler
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Malurus coronatus -'
Purple-crowned Fairywren
Australia
Malurus grayi -'
Broad-billed Fairywren
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Mayromis schistaceus -'
Vanikoro Monarch
Solomon Islands
Megalurulus whitneyi -'
Guadalcanal Thicketbird
Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Microeca hemixantha -'
Golden-bellied Flyrobin
Indonesia
Monarcha browni -'
Kolombangara Monarch
Solomon Islands
Monarcha castas ^'
Loetoe Monarch
Indonesia
Monarcha godeffroyi -'
Yap Monarch
Federated States of Micronesia
Monarcha infelix ''
Manus Monarch
Papua New Guinea
Monarcha leucurus ^'
White-tailed Monarch
Indonesia
Monarcha loricatus -'
Black-tipped Monarch
Indonesia
Monarcha mundus ^'
Black-bibbed Monarch
Indonesia
Muscicapa muttui '"
Brown-breasted Flycatcher
China, India. * Myanmar, Sri Lanka,
Thailand
Myadestes elisabeth -'
Cuban Solitaire
Cuba
Myiagra atra -'
Biak Flycatcher
Indonesia
Myiagra cervinicauda -'
Ochre-tailed Flycatcher
Solomon Islands
Myiophonus robinsoni -'
Malayan Whistling-thrush
Malaysia
Namibornis herero ='
Herero Chat
Angola, Namibia
Napothera macrodactyla ^'
Large Wren-babbler
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
Napothera marmorata -'
Marbled Wren-babbler
Indonesia, Malaysia
Neomixis flavoviridis -'
Wedge-tailed Jery
Madagascar
Nesillas mariae ^'
Moheli Brush-warbler
Comoros
Nesocichla eremita -'
Tristan Thrush
St Helena (Tristan da Cunha)
Niltava davidi "
Fujian Niltava
China, Laos, Viet Nam. * Hong
Kong, Thailand
Oreoscopus gutturalis -'
Femwren
Australia
Origma solitaria -'
Origma
Australia
Orthotomus nigriceps -'
Black-headed Tailorbird
Philippines
Orthotomus samarensis -'
Yellow-breasted Tailorbird
Philippines
Pachycephala implicata ^'
Hooded Whistler
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Pachycephala jacquinoti ^'
Tongan Whistler
Tonga
159
Lower Risk : near threatened
Pachycephala meyeri -'
Vogelkop Whistler
Indonesia
Pachycephala orpheus -'
Fawn-breasted Whistler
Indonesia
Paradoxomis atrosuperciliaris -'
Black-browed Parrotbill
Bangladesh, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand
Paradoxomis bninneus -'
Brown-winged Parrotbill
China, Myanmar
Paradoxomis conspicillatus ^'
Spectacled Parrotbill
China
Paradoxomis heudei ■'
Reed Parrotbill
China, Russia
Paradoxomis ruficeps -'
Rufous-headed Parrotbill
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Viet Nam
Phoenicurus alaschanicus "
Ala Shan Redstart
China
Phylloscopus cantatoT -'
Yellow-vented Warbler
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India. * China,
India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Thailand
Phylloscopus makirensis ^'
San Cristobal Leaf-warbler
Solomon Islands
Phylloscopus tytleri 2'
Tytler's Leaf-warbler
Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
Platysteira albifrons -'
White-fronted Wattle-eye
Angola
Pnoepyga immaculata -'
Nepal Wren-babbler
Nepal
Polioptila lactea -'
Creamy-bellied Gnatcatcher
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Polioptila lembeyei -'
Cuban Gnatcatcher
Cuba
Pritiia cinereocapilla ^'
Grey-crowned Prinia
Bhutan, India, Nepal
Pseudobias wardi -'
Ward's Flycatcher
Madagascar
Pseudocossyphus sharpei ^'
Forest Rock-thrush
Madagascar
Pteruthius rufiventer -'
Black-headed Shrike-babbler
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar,
Nepal, Viet Nam
Ptilocichla leucogrammica -'
Bomean Wren-babbler
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Ptilocichla mindanensis -'
Striated Wren-babbler
Philippines
Randia pseudozosterops ''
Rand's Warbler
Madagascar
Rhinomyias colonus 2'
Henna-tailed Jungle-flycatcher
Indonesia
Rhinomyias oscillans -'
Russet-backed Jungle-flycatcher
Indonesia
Rhipidura euryura -'
White-bellied Fantail
Indonesia
Rhipidura fuscorufa ■'
Cinnamon-tailed Fantail
Indonesia
Rhipidura opistherythra ^'
Long-tailed Fantail
Indonesia
Rhipidura personata ^'
Kadavu Fantail
Fiji
Rhipidura superflua ^'
Tawny-backed Fantail
Indonesia
Rhipidura tenebrosa -'
Dusky Fantail
Solomon Islands
Rimator malacoptilus -'
Long-billed Wren-babbler
Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Myanmar,
Viet Nam
Saxicola bifasciata -'
Buff-streaked Chat
South Africa
Saxicola dacotiae ^'
Fuerteventura Chat
Spain (Canary Is)
Saxicola gutturalis -'
White-bellied Bushchat
Indonesia
Saxicola jerdoni -'
Jerdon's Bushchat
Bangladesh, China, India, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Schoenicola platyura ^'
Broad-tailed Grassbird
India
Spelaeomis formosus ^'
Spotted Wren-babbler
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Myanmar
Sphenocichla humei -'
Wedge-billed Wren-babbler
China, India, Myanmar
Stachyris capitalis -'
Rusty-crowned Babbler
Philippines
Stachyris dennistouni -'
Golden-crowned Babbler
Philippines
Stachyris plateni ^'
Pygmy Babbler
Philippines
Stachyris whiteheadi -'
Chestnut-faced Babbler
Philippines
Sylvietta philippae -'
Short-billed Crombec
Ethiopia, Somalia
Tarsiger hyperythrus -'
Rufous-breasted Bush-robin
Bhutan, China, India, Nepal. *
Myanmar
Terpsiphone atrocaudata -'
Japanese Paradise-flycatcher
Japan, North Korea, Philippines,
South Korea. * China, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Terpsiphone bedfordi -'
Bedford's Paradise-flycatcher
Zaire
Terpsiphone cinnamomea ^'
Rufous Paradise-flycatcher
Philippines
Terpsiphone cyanescens -'
Blue Paradise-flycatcher
Philippines
Tickellia hodgsoni -'
Broad-billed Warbler
China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal,
Viet Nam
Trichastoma bicolor ^'
Ferruginous Babbler
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Trichastoma rostratum ^'
White-chested Babbler
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Turdoides altirostris "
Iraq Babbler
Iran, Iraq
Turdoides longirostris -'
Slender-billed Babbler
India, Myanmar, Nepal
160
Birds
Tardus dissimilis -'
Black-breasted Thrush
China, India, Myanmar, Viet Nam.
Bangladesh, Thailand
Turdus graysoni -'
Grayson's Thrush
Mexico
Turdus haplochrous '"
Unicoloured Thrush
Bolivia
Turdus mupinensis -'
Chinese Thrush
China
Turdus olivaceofuscus ■'
Sao Tome Thrush
Sao Tome & Pn'ncipe
Urosphena subulata -'
Timor Stubtail
Indonesia
Xenocopsychus ansorgei -'
Angola Cave-chat
Angola
Xiphirhynchus superciliaris -'
Slender-billed Scimitar-babbler
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,
Myanmar, Nepal, Viet Nam
Yuhina humilis -'
Burmese Yuhina
Myanmar, Thailand
Zoothera crossleyi -'
Crossley's Ground-thrush
Cameroon, Nigeria
Zoothera erythronota ■'
Red-backed Thrush
Indonesia
Zoothera everetti ''
Everett's Thrush
Malaysia
Zoothera machiki -'
Fawn-breasted Thrush
Indonesia
Zoothera margaretae -'
Makira Thrush
Solomon Islands
Zoothera monticola -'
Long-billed Thrush
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Myanmar, Nepal, Viet Nam
Zoothera oberlaenderi -'
Forest Ground-thrush
Uganda, Zaire
Zoothera peronii ■'
Orange-banded Thrush
Indonesia
Zoothera schistacea ^'
Slaty-backed Thrush
Indonesia
Zoothera spiloptera 2'
Spot-winged Thrush
Sri Lanka
Zoothera talaseae -'
New Britain Thrush
Papua New Guinea
Zoothera tanganjicae ^'
Kivu Ground-thrush
Uganda, Zaire
Zoothera wardii -'
Pied Thrush
Bhutan, India, Nepal. * India, Sri
Lanka
Family AEGITHALmAE
Aegithalos fuliginosus -'
White-necklaced Tit
China
Aegithalos niveogularis -'
White-throated Tit
India, Nepal, Pakistan
Family PARmAE
Parus fringillinus -'
Red-throated Tit
Kenya, Tanzania
Parus holsti -'
Yellow Tit
Taiwan
Parus semilarvatus -'
White-fronted Tit
Philippines
Family SITTIDAE
Sitta villosa -'
Snowy-browed Nuthatch
China
Sitta whiteheadi -'
Corsican Nuthatch
France
Family RHABDORNITHmAE
Rhabdornis grandis -'
Long-billed Rhabdornis
Philippines
Family DICAEffiAE
Dicaeum anthonyi ^'
Flame-crowned Flowerpecker
Philippines
Dicaeum everetti ^'
Brown-backed Flowerpecker
Indonesia, Malaysia
Dicaeum vincens -'
White-throated Flowerpecker
Sri Lanka
Family NECTARINimAE
Aethopyga boltoni ='
Apo Sunbird
Philippines
Anthreptes reichenowi -'
Plain-backed Sunbird
Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa,
Tanzania, Zimbabwe
Arachnothera clarae ^'
Naked-faced Spiderhunter
Philippines
Nectarinia loveridgei ^'
Loveridge's Sunbird
Tanzania
Nectarinia moreaui -'
Moreau's Sunbird
Tanzania
Nectarinia neergaardi -'
Neergaard's Sunbird
Mozambique, South Africa
Nectarinia pembae •'
Pemba Sunbird
Tanzania
Nectarinia ursulae -'
Ursula's Sunbird
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
Family ZOSTEROPmAE
Heleia muelleri -'
Spot-breasted White-eye
Indonesia
Lophozosterops dohertyi 2'
Crested White-eye
Indonesia
Megazosterops palauensis ^'
Giant White-eye
Palau
Rukia longirostra -'
Long-billed White-eye
Federated States of Micronesia
Woodfordia lacertosa ^'
Sanford's White-eye
Solomon Islands
Zosterops anomalus ''
Lemon-throated White-eye
Indonesia
Zosterops consobrinorum ^'
Pale-bellied White-eye
Indonesia
Zosterops Jlavus -'
Javan White-eye
Indonesia, Malaysia
Zosterops grayi -'
Pearl-bellied White-eye
Indonesia
161
Lower Risk : near threatened
Zosterops hypolais -'
Plain White-eye
Federated States of Micronesia
Zosterops kuehni -'
Ambon Yellow White-eye
Indonesia
Zosterops mysorensis ^'
Biak White-eye
Indonesia
Zosterops natalis -'
Christmas Island White-eye
Christmas Island
Zosterops rennellianus ^'
Rennell White-eye
Solomon Islands
Zosterops saypani -'
Saipan Bridled White-eye
Northern Marianas
Zosterops uropygialis -'
Golden-bellied White-eye
Indonesia
Zosterops vaughani -'
Pemba White-eye
Tanzania
Family MELIPHAGIDAE
Lichenostomus frenatus -'
Bridled Honeyeater
Australia
Lichmera deningeri -'
Burn Honeyeater
Indonesia
Melidectes leucostephes ='
Vogelkop Melidectes
Indonesia
Meliphaga reticulata -'
Streaky-breasted Honeyeater
Indonesia
Myzometa vulnerata -'
Red-rumped Myzomela
Indonesia
Philemon inornatus -'
Plain Friarbird
Indonesia
Xanthotis provocator ■'
Kadavu Honeyeater
Fiji
Family EMBERIZIDAE
Acanthidops bairdii ■'
Peg-billed Finch
Costa Rica, Panama
Aimophila notosticta "
Oaxaca Sparrow
Mexico
Aimophila sumichrasti -'
Cinnamon-tailed Sparrow
Mexico
Amaurospiza moesta 2'
Blackish-blue Seedeater
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Amaurospiza relicta -'
Slate-blue Seedeater
Mexico
Ammodramus henslowii ^'
Henslow's Sparrow
Canada, USA
Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus ■'
Dusky-headed Brush-fmch
Colombia
Atlapetes leucopis -'
White-rimmed Brush-finch
Colombia, Ecuador
Atlapetes rufigenis -'
Rufous-eared Brush-fmch
Peru
Bangsia arcaei -'
Blue-and-gold Tanager
Costa Rica, Panama
Camarhynchus pauper -'
Medium Tree-finch
Ecuador
Catamenia oreophila -'
Santa Marta Seedeater
Colombia
Charitospiza eucosma -'
Coal-crested Finch
Argentina, Brazil
Conothraupis speculigera -'
Black-and-white Tanager
Ecuador, Peru
Cypsnagra hirundinacea -'
White-rumped Tanager
Bolivia. Brazil, Paraguay
Dacnis albiventris -'
White-bellied Dacnis
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
Dacnis viguieri -'
Viridian Dacnis
Colombia, Panama
Diglossa gloriosissima -'
Chestnut-bellied Flower-piercer
Colombia
Emberiza cineracea -'
Cinereous Bunting
Greece, Iran, Turkey. * Bahrain,
Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Israel,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi
Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab
Emirates, Yemen
Emberiza koslowi ^'
Tibetan Bunting
China
Emberiza yessoensis ■'
Ochre-rumped Bunting
China, Japan, Russia * China, North
Korea, South Korea
Emberizoides ypiranganus ='
Grey-cheeked Grass-finch
Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay
Embemagra longicauda -'
Pale-throated Pampa-fmch
Brazil
Euphonia chalybea -'
Green-chinned Euphonia
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Habia gutturalis -'
Sooty Ant-tanager
Colombia
Hemispingus rufosuperciliaris -'
Rufous-browed Hemispingus
Ecuador, Peru
Incaspiza ortizi -'
Grey-winged Inca-fmch
Peru
Incaspiza watkinsi -'
Little Inca-finch
Peru
Iridosornis porphyrocephala -'
Purplish-mantled Tanager
Colombia, Ecuador
Latoucheomis siemsseni -'
Slaty Bunting
China
Melanodera melanodera -'
Canary-winged Finch
Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands
Melanospiza richardsoni -'
St Lucia Black Finch
St Lucia
Neothraupis fasciata -'
White-banded Tanager
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Orchesticus abeillei -'
Brown Tanager
Brazil
Oreomanes fraseri -'
Giant Conebill
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Oryzoborus crassirostris -'
Large-billed Seed-finch
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French
Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Oryzoborus maximiliani 2'
Great-billed Seed-finch
Brazil, French Guiana, Trinidad and
Tobago, Venezuela
Passerina rositae ^'
Rose-bellied Bunting
Mexico
162
Birds
Poospiza cinerea -'
Cinereous Warbling-finch
Brazil
Porphyrospim caerulescens -'
Yellow-billed Blue Finch
Bolivia, Brazil
Saltator cinctus -'
Masked Saltator
Ecuador, Peru
Saltator maxillosus -'
Thick-billed Saltator
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Sicalis luteocephala -'
Citron-headed Yellow-finch
Bolivia
Sporophila cinnamomea -'
Chestnut Seedeater
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Sporophila hypochroma -'
Grey-and-chestnut Seedeater
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Sporophila melanogaster -'
Black-bellied Seedeater
Brazil
Sporophila ruficollis -'
Dark-throated Seedeater
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay
Tangara fucosa -'
Green-naped Tanager
Panama
Tangara johannae -'
Blue-whiskered Tanager
Colombia, Ecuador
Tangara phillipsi -'
Sira Tanager
Peru
Tangara varia ^'
Dotted Tanager
Brazil, French Guiana, Surinarae,
Venezuela
Thraupis cyanoptera -'
Azure-shouldered Tanager
Brazil
Xenodacnis parina ^'
Tit-like Dacnis
Ecuador, Peru
Family PARULmAE
Basileuterus basilicus -'
Santa Marta Warbler
Colombia
Basileuterus cinereicollis -'
Grey-throated Warbler
Colombia, Venezuela
Basileuterus conspicillatus -'
White-lored Warbler
Colombia
Basileuterus ignotus -'
Pirre Warbler
Colombia, Panama
Conirostrum margaritae -'
Pearly-breasted Conebill
Brazil, Peru
Dendroica angelae -'
Elfin-woods Warbler
Puerto Rico
Dendroica vitellina -'
Vitelline Warbler
Cayman Islands, Honduras
Ergaticus versicolor -'
Pink-headed Warbler
Guatemala, Mexico
Geothlypis flavovelata -'
Altamira Yellowthroat
Mexico
Myioborus albifacies -'
White-faced Whitestart
Venezuela
Vermivora crissalis -'
Colima Warbler
Mexico, USA
Family DREPANIDmAE
Paroreomyza montana -'
Maui Alauahio
USA
Family VIREONIDAE
Vireo brevipennis -'
Slaty Vireo
Mexico
Vireo nelsoni ^'
Dwarf Vireo
Mexico
Vireo osburni -'
Blue Mountain Vireo
Jamaica
Vireolanius melitophrys -'
Chestnut-sided Shrike-vireo
Guatemala, Mexico
Family ICTERIDAE
Icterus laudabilis -'
St Lucia Oriole
St Lucia
Icterus oberi -'
Montserrat Oriole
Montserrat
Macroagelaius subalaris "
Mountain Grackle
Colombia
Nesopsar nigerrimus ^'
Jamaican Blackbird
Jamaica
Quiscalus nicaraguensis -
Nicaraguan Grackle
Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Family FRINGILLroAE
Carduelis atriceps -'
Black-capped Siskin
Guatemala, Mexico
Carduelis monguilloti -'
Vietnam Greenfinch
Viet Nam
Pyrrhula aurantiaca -'
Orange Bullfinch
India, Pakistan
Pyrrhula leucogenis -'
White-cheeked Bullfinch
Philippines
Serinus leucopterus -'
Protea Canary
South Africa
Serinus melanochrous -'
Kipengere Seedeater
Tanzania
Serinus symonsi -'
Drakensberg Siskin
Lesotho, South Africa
Serinus totta -'
Cape Siskin
South Africa
Family ESTRILDTOAE
Estrilda thomensis -'
Cinderella Waxbill
Angola, Namibia
Heteromunia pectoralis -'
Pictorella Munia
Australia
Lagonosticta virata -'
Mali Firefinch
Mali
Lonchura flaviprymna -'
Yellow-rumped Munia
Australia
Lonchura nevermanni -'
Grey-crowned Munia
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Lonchura stygia -'
Black Munia
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Paddafuscata -'
Timor Sparrow
Indonesia
Stagonopleura oculata -'
Red-eared Firetai!
Australia
163
Lower Risk : near threatened
Family PLOCEffiAE
Euplectes aureus -'
Golden-backed Bishop
Angola
Euplectes jacksoni ■'
Jackson's Widowbird
Kenya, Tanzania
Ploceus hypoxanthus -'
Asian Golden Weaver
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Ploceus spekeoides -'
Fox's Weaver
Uganda
Family STURNffiAE
Acridotheres albocinctus -'
Collared Myna
China, India, Myanmar
Aplonis crassa -'
Tanimbar Starling
Indonesia
Aplonis insularis -'
Rennell Starling
Solomon Islands
Aplonis mystacea ^'
Yellow-eyed Starling
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Aplonis zelandica -'
Rusty-winged Starling
Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Basilornis galeatus -'
Helmeted Myna
Indonesia
Basilornis miranda -'
Apo Myna
Philippines
Lamprotornis cupreocauda -'
Copper-tailed Glossy-starling
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Saroglossa spiloptera '"
Spot-winged Starling
India, Nepal. * Bangladesh, India,
Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand
Streptocitta albertinae ^'
Bare-eyed Myna
Indonesia
Sturnus erythropygius ^'
White-headed Starling
India
Sturnus melanopterus -'
Black-winged Starling
Indonesia
Sturnus philippensis "
Chestnut-cheeked Starling
Japan, Russia. * China, Indonesia,
Japan, Philippines, Taiwan
Sturnus senex -'
White-faced Starling
Sri Lanka
Sturnus sericeus -'
Red-billed Starling
China. * Hong Kong, Viet Nam
Family ORIOLEDAE
Oriolus hosii -'
Black Oriole
Malaysia
Family DICRURffiAE
Dicrurus aldabranus -'
Aldabra Drongo
Seychelles
Dicrurus andamanensis -'
Andaman Drongo
India, Myanmar
Dicrurus modestus -'
Principe Drongo
Sao Tome & Principe
Dicrurus sumatranus -'
Sumatran Drongo
Indonesia
Family PTILONORHYNCHIDAE
Ailuroedus dentirostris ''
Tooth-billed Catbird
Australia
Amblyornis Jlavifrons -'
Golden-fronted Bowerbird
Indonesia
Family PARADISAEIDAE
Astrapia nigra -'
Arfak Astrapia
Indonesia
Cicinnurus respublica ^'
Wilson's Bird-of-paradise
Indonesia
Epimachus bruijnii -'
Pale-billed Sicklebill
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Paradigalla carunculata ^'
Long-tailed Paradigalla
Indonesia
Paradisaea guilielmi -'
Emperor Bird-of-paradise
Papua New Guinea
Paradisaea rubra -'
Red Bird-of-paradise
Indonesia
Ptiloris paradiseus -'
Paradise Riflebird
Australia
Semioptera wallacii^'
Standardwing
Indonesia
Family CORVmAE
Cissa hypoleuca -'
Yellow-breasted Magpie
China, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam
Cissa thalassina ''
Short-tailed Magpie
Indonesia, Malaysia
Corvus fuscicapillus ^'
Brown-headed Crow
Indonesia
Corvus meeki 2'
Bougainville Crow
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Corvus palmarum ^'
Palm Crow
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti
Corvus woodfordi "
White-billed Crow
Solomon Islands
Cyanocorax caeruleus "
Azure Jay
Argentina, Brazil
Cyanocorax dickeyi -'
Tufted Jay
Mexico
Cyanolyca pulchra -'
Beautiful Jay
Colombia, Ecuador
Dendrocitta hayleyi -'
Andaman Treepie
India
Dendrocitta leucogastra ^'
White-bellied Treepie
India
Platysmurus leucopterus 2'
Black Magpie
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand
Urocissa whiteheadi -'
White-winged Magpie
China, Laos, Viet Nam
Class REPTILIA
Order SAURIA
Family ANGUIDAE
Diploglossus warreni '^
Haiti
Family CHAMAELEONIDAE
Bradypodion nemorale '»'
Zululand Dwarf Chamaeleon
South Africa
164
Reptiles
5»
Bradypodion thamnobates '"
Natal Midland Dwarf Chamaeleon
South Africa
Family CORDYLffiAE
Cordylus lawrencei "'
Lawrence's Girdled Lizard
South Africa
Gerrhosaurus typicus ""
Namaqua Plated Lizard
South Africa
Platysaurus relictus "'
Soutpansberg Flat Lizard
South Africa
Pseudocordylus langi '»'
Lang's Crag Lizard
Lesotho, South Africa
Pseudocordylus spinosus '»'
Spiny Crag Lizard
South Africa
Family GEKKONTOAE
Afroedura hawequensis '"'
Hawequa Flat Gecko
South Africa
Homopholis mulleri ""
Mullet's Velvet Gecko
South Africa
Hoplodactylus kahutarae "
Black-eyed Gecko
New Zealand
Hoplodactylus rakiurae '■"
Harlequin Gecko
New Zealand
Phelsuma ocellata '"
Namaqua Day Gecko
Namibia, South Africa
Phyllodactylus microlepidotus ""
Small-scaled Leaf-toed Gecko
South Africa
Undenvoodisaurus sphyurus "
Australia
Family LACERTmAE
Lacerta rupicola ""
Soutpansberg Rock Lizard
South Africa
Lacerta schreiberi *>
Portugal, Spain
Family PYGOPODmAE
Aprasia pseudopulchella "
Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard
Australia
Family SCINCIDAE
Coeranoscincus reticulatus "
Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink
Australia
Eumeces kishinouyei '"
Kishinoue's Giant Skink
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Oligosoma fallal "
Falla's Skink
New Zealand
Oligosoma infrapunctatum "
Speckled Skink
New Zealand
Scelotes gronovii '"'
Gronovi's Dwarf Burrowing Skink
South Africa
Order SERPENTES
Family BOIDAE
Epicrates angulifer "
Cuban Boa
Cuba
Epicrates inornatus "■■
Puerto Rican Boa
Puerto Rico
Python molurus '"
Indian Python
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong
Kong, India, Indonesia, Laos,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family COLUBRTOAE
Homoroselaps dorsalis '*'
Striped Harlequin Snake
South Africa, Swaziland
Lamprophis fuscus '"
Yellow-bellied House Snake
South Africa
Lamprophis swazicus "'
Swazi Rock Snake
South Africa, Swaziland
Opheodrys herminae '"'
Sakashima Green Snake
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family ELAPffiAE
Elapognathus minor "
Short-nosed Snake
Australia
Simoselaps calonotus '
Black-striped Snake
Australia
Order TESTUDEVES
Family CHELIDAE
Acanthochelys macrocephala '"■
Pantanal Swamp Turtle
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Acanthochelys radiolata "<•
Brazilian Radiolated Swamp Turtle
Brazil
Acanthochelys spixii "'•
Spiny-neck Turtle
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay?,
Uruguay
Chelodina oblonga "»
Narrow-breasted Snake-necked
Turtle
Australia
Phrynops rufipes '"■
Red Side-necked Turtle
Brazil, Colombia, Peru?
Phrynops vanderhaegei "'
Vanderhaege's Toad-headed Turtle
Argentina, Bolivia?, Brazil,
Paraguay, Uruguay?
Family EMYDTOAE
Cuora amboinensis '"
South Asian Box Turtle
Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia?,
India, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Cuora galbinifrons "'
Indochinese Box Turtle
China, Viet Nam
Emydoidea blandingii '"
Blanding's Turtle
Canada, USA
Emys orbicularis "'
European Pond Turtle
Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus?, Czech Republic,
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
Liechtenstein?, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco?,
Morocco, Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland,
Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Geoclemys hamiltonii '"
Spotted Pond Turtle
Bangladesh, India, Nepal?, Pakistan
Graptemys barbouri '"
Barbour's Map Turtle
USA
165
Lower Risk : near threatened
Graptemys ernsti "<•
Escambia Map Turtle
USA
Graptemys gibbonsi '"'
Pascagoula Map Turtle
USA
Graptemys nigrinoda "'
Black-knobbed Map Turtle
USA
[R. Tombigbee-Black
Warrior-Alabama]
Graptemys versa "«
Texas Map Turtle
USA
[R. Colorado]
Hardella thurjii '"
Crowned River Turtle
Bangladesh, India?, Nepal, Pakistan
Heosemys grandis '">
Giant Asian Pond Turtle
Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Kachuga dhongoka '™
Three-striped Roof Turtle
Bangladesh, India, Nepal
Malaclemys terrapin "'
Diamondback Terrapin
USA
Morenia ocellata "'•
Burmese Eyed Turtle
Myanmar
Morenia petersi '"
Indian Eyed Turtle
Bangladesh, India, Nepal?
Ocadia sinensis '"
Chinese Stripe-necked Turtle
China, Laos?, Taiwan, Viet Nam
Orlitia borneensis "*•
Malaysian Giant Turtle
Indonesia, Malaysia
Pseudemys gorzugi "'
Rio Grande Cooter
Mexico, USA
Pseudemys rubriventris '™
American Red-bellied Turtle
USA
Rhinoclemmys annulata '™
Brown Wood Turtle
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
Rhinoclemmys funerea '"■
Black Wood Turtle
Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
Rhinoclemmys nasuta '"
Large-nosed Wood Turtle
Colombia, Ecuador
Terrapene Carolina "'
Common Box Turtle
Mexico, USA
Terrapene ornata '"
Ornate Box Turtle
Mexico, USA
Trachemys scripta "<•
Common Slider
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica,
El Salvador, France [int], Germany
[int], Guadeloupe [int], Guatemala,
Honduras, Israel [int], Mexico,
Netherlands [int], Nicaragua,
Panama, South Africa [int], USA,
Venezuela
Trachemys stejnegeri '™
Central Antillean Slider
Bahamas, Dominican Republic,
Haiti, Puerto Rico
Family KINOSTERNIDAE
Claudius angustatus '"■
Nartow-bridged Musk Turtle
Belize, Guatemala, Mexico
Kinostemon acutum '"
Tabasco Mud Turtle
Belize, Guatemala, Mexico
Kinosternon creaseri '"
Greaser's Mud Turtle
Mexico
Kinosternon oaxacae "'•
Oaxaca Mud Turtle
Mexico
Staurotypus salvinii '"■
Giant Musk Turtle
El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico
Staurotypus triporcatus "'
Mexican Musk Turtle
Belize, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico
Family TESTUDINroAE
Homopus signatus ^
Speckled Cape Tortoise
Namibia?, South Africa
Kinixys natalensis '">
Natal Hinge-back Tortoise
Mozambique, South Africa,
Swaziland
Testudo hermanni "'
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, France,
Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Malta
[int], Romania, Slovenia, Spain [int]
(Balearic Is), Turkey, Yugoslavia
Family TRIONYCHIDAE
Aspideretes leithii '"■
Leith'sSoftshell Turtle
India
Cyclanorbis elegans '"
Nubian Flapshell Turtle
Benin?, Chad, Ethiopia?, Ghana,
Nigeria, Sudan, Togo
Cyclanorbis senegalensis "'
Senegal Flapshell Turtle
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon?,
Chad, Cote d'lvoire, Ethiopia?,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau,
Mali, Mauritania?, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sudan, Togo
Cycloderma frenatum '"
Zambezi Flapshell Turtle
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe
Palea steindachneri '™
Wattle-necked Softshell Turtle
China, Mauritius [int], USA [int]
(Hawaiian Is), Viet Nam
Class AMPHIBIA
Order ANURA
Family BUFONffiAE
Bufo retiformis "
Sonoran Green Toad
Mexico, USA
Capensibufo rosei ""
Cape Mountain Toad
South Africa
Family HYLffiAE
Hyla andersonii "
Pine Bartens Tree Frog
USA
Hyla arborea "
European Tree Frog
Albania, Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iran, Italy, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
Ukraine, United Kingdom? [int],
Yugoslavia
Litoria aurea "
Green and Golden Bell Frog
Australia
Litoria brevipalmata '*
Green-thighed Frog
Australia
166
Fishes: bony fishes
Family LEIOPELMATIDAE
Leiopelma archeyi '*
Archey's Frog
New Zealand
Family MYOBATRACHIDAE
Adelotus brevis "
Tusked Frog
Australia
Heleioporus albopunctatus "
Western Spotted Frog
Australia
Lechriodus fletcheri '*
Fletcher's Frog
Australia
Mixophyes fasciolatus "
Great Barred Frog
Australia
Pseudophryne australis "
Red-crowned Toadlet
Australia
Pseudophryne bibronii "
Bibron's Toadlet
Australia
Family RANIDAE
Anhydrophryne rattrayi '«
Hogsback Frog
South Africa
Cacosternum capense ""
Cape Caco
South Africa
Rana dracomontana "^
Drakensberg Frog
Lesotho, South Africa?
Rana latastei "
Italian Agile Frog
Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland
Order CAUDATA
Family PLETHODONTn)AE
Aneides aeneus '"
Green Salamander
USA
Plethodon caddoensis ""
USA
Plethodon fourchensis ""
USA
Plethodon ouachitae '"
USA
Speleomantes genei "
Sardinian or Brown Cave Salamander
Italy
Speleomantes imperialis "
Italy
Speleomantes supramontes "
Italy
Family SALAMANDRIDAE
Mertensiella caucasica "
Caucasian Salamander
Georgia, Turkey
Class
CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
Order
PETROMYZONTIFORMES
Family PETROMYZONTroAE
Eudontomyzon danfordi '»'
Carpathian Brook Lamprey
Austria?, Bosnia and Herzegovina?,
Bulgaria, Croatia?, Czech Republic?,
Hungary, Moldova?, Romania,
Slovakia, Ukraine?, Yugoslavia
[R. Danube]
Eudontomyzon vladykovi '»'
Vladykov's Lamprey
Austria?, Bulgaria?, Romania,
Yugoslavia
Lampetra fluviatilis '»'
River Lamprey
Albania, Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic (ex?), Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg?, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia
(ex?), Spain (ex?), Sweden,
Switzerland (ex). United Kingdom
Lampetra hubbsi "
Kern Brook Lamprey
USA
Lampetra planeri ""
Brook Lamprey
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria?, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg?,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order ACIPENSERIFORMES
Family ACIPENSERroAE
Acipenser oxyrinchus "°
Atlantic Sturgeon
Canada, Mexico, USA
[Atlantic (northwest, northwest,
westem central, western central)]
Acipenser transmontanus ™
White Sturgeon
Canada, USA
Order GSTEOGLOSSITORMES
Family OSTEOGLOSSIDAE
Scleropages leichhardti '"
Southern Saratoga
Australia
Family NOTOPTERIDAE
Chitala blanci k"
Cambodia, Thailand
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPREVIDAE
Barbus caninus '°'
Italy, Switzerland
Barbus hospes "'
Namaquab Barb
Namibia, South Africa
Barbus plebejus ""
Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland
Barbus sclateri '"'
Portugal, Spain
Barbus tyberinus '»'
Italy
Capoeta pestai '"
Siraz Baligi
Turkey
[L. Beysehir, L. Egirdir]
Chalcalbumus belvica '»'
Albania, Greece, Macedonia?
[L. Prespa]
Chondrostoma genei ""
South European Nase
Italy, Slovenia (ex)
Chondrostoma prespensis "'
Albania, Greece, Macedonia?
Cyprinella callitaenia "
Bluestripe Shiner
USA
[R. Apalachicola]
Cyprinella monacha "
Turquoise Shiner
USA
Gila intermedia '"
Gila Chub
Mexico, USA
Leuciscus lucumontis ""
Italy
167
Lower Risk : near threatened
Macrhybopsis meeki "
Sicklefin Chub
USA
Notropis perpallidus "
Colorless Shiner
USA
Oregonichthys kalawatseti "
Umpqua Chub
USA
Pachychilon pictum '"
Albanian Roach
Albania, Greece, Yugoslavia
Phoxinellus pleurobipunctatus '"
Greece
Phoxinellus zeregii '"'
Turkey
Phoxinus tennesseensis "
Tennessee Dace
USA
Pseudobarbus afer '"
Eastern Cape Redfin
South Africa
Pseudophoxinus stymphalicus '"
Daska
Greece
Rutilus macedonicus ""
Greece
Family COBITIDAE
Cobitis meridionalis '"
Albania?, Greece, Macedonia?
Cobitis paludica ""
Portugal, Spain
Misgurnis fossilis ""
Weatherfish
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina?, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Estonia, France,
Germany, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Sabanjewia larvata ""
Italian Loach
Italy
Family CATOSTOMIDAE
Catostomus snyderi "
Klamath Largescale Sucker
USA
Cycleptus elongatus "
Blue Sucker
Mexico, USA
Moxostoma hamiltoni '»'
Rustyside Sucker
USA
[R. Dan]
Order SILURIFORMES
Family ICTALURIDAE
Noturus munitus "
Frecklebelly Madtom
USA
Noturus placidus "
Neosho Madtom
USA
Family TRICHOMYCTERIDAE
Trichomycterus laucaensis '*'
Chile
Trichomycterus rivulatus '"
Chile
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family UMBRIDAE
Novumbra hubbsi "
Olympic Mudminnow
USA
Family LEPmOGALAXiroAE
Lepidogalaxias salamandroides '"
Salmanderfish
Australia
Family GALAXIIDAE
Galaxias zebratus "»
Cape Galaxias
South Africa
Galaxiella munda '™
Western Mud Minnow
Australia
Galaxiella nigrostriata '"
Black-striped Minnow
Australia
Neochanna apoda '"
Brown Mudfish
New Zealand
Order ATHEREMIFORMES
Family ATHERINmAE
Basilichthys australis '"
Chile
Cauque mauleanum ""
Chile
Craterocephalus centralis '"
Finke River Hardyhead
Australia
Craterocephalus helenae "'
Drysdale Hardyhead
Australia
Craterocephalus lentiginosus '
Prince Regent Hardyhead
Australia
Melanotaenia gracilis "'
Slender Rainbowfish
Australia
Melanotaenia pygmaea '"
Pygmy Rainbowfish
Australia
Menidia conchorum "'
Key Silverside
USA
Order
CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Family CYPRINODONTroAE
Orestias laucaensis "'
Chile
[R. Lauca]
Family POECILiroAE
Gambusia senilis ''
Guayacon Pinto
Mexico, USA
Poeciliopsis occidentalis "
Charalito
Mexico, USA
Order BELONIFORMES
Family HEMIRAMPHmAE
Dermogenys megarramphus ""
Indonesia
[Malili Lakes]
Order PERCIFGRMES
Family SERRANTOAE
Epinephelus marginatus "
Brown Grouper
[Atlantic (eastern central, southeast,
southwest), Mediterranean and Black
Sea]
Paralabrax dewegeri '
Meo Viejo
Venezuela
[Atlantic (western central)]
Family TERAPONTIDAE
Hephaestus epirrhinos '™
Long-nose Sooty Grunter
Australia
Leiopotherapon aheneus '"
Fortesque Grunter
Australia
168
Insects
Leiopotherapon macrolepis "'
Large-scale Grunter
Australia
Pingalla midgleyi "'
Midgley's Grunter
Australia
Syncomistes kimberleyensis "'
Kimberley Grunter
Australia
Syncomistes rastellus '™
Drysdale Grunter
Australia
Family CENTRARCHIDAE
Micropterus notius "
Suwannee Bass
USA
Family ELASSOMATmAE
Elassoma boehlkei "
Carolina Pygmy Sunfish
USA
Family PERCIDAE
Etheostoma acuticeps "
Sharphead Darter
USA
Etheostoma cragini "
Arkansas Darter
USA
[R. Arkansas]
Etheostoma kanawhae "
Kanawha Darter
USA
[R. New]
Etheostoma luteovinctum "
Redband Darter
USA
Etheostoma maculatum "
Spotted Darter
USA
[R. Ohio]
Etheostoma osburni "
Finescale Saddled Darter
USA
[R. New]
Etheostoma ruhrum "
Bayou Darter
USA
[R. Bayou Pierre and tributaries]
Percina macrocephala "
Longhead Darter
USA
[R. Ohio]
Percina nasuta "
Longnose Darter
USA
Percina uranidea "
Stargazing Darter
USA
Family ELEOTRIDAE
Butis butis ™
Duckbill Sleeper
Mozambique, South Africa
Eleotris melanosoma "»
Broadhead Sleeper
Mozambique, South Africa
Hypseleotris dayi ™
Golden Sleeper
South Africa
Hypseleotris ejuncida '"
Slender Gudgeon
Australia
Hypseleotris kimberleyensis '
Bamett River Gudgeon
Australia
Hypseleotris regalis "'
Prince Regent Gudgeon
Australia
Kimberleyeleotris hutchinsi '
Mitchell Gudgeon
Australia
Kimberleyeleotris notata "'
Drysdale Gudgeon
Australia
Family GOBIIDAE
Croilia mossambica '"
Naked Goby
Mozambique, South Africa
Glossogobius biocellatus '"
Sleepy Goby
Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Oligolepis keiensis '"
Kei Goby
Mozambique, South Africa
Padogobius martensii '»'
Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland
Papillogobius melanobranchus '"
Blackthroat Goby
Mozambique, South Africa
Papillogobius reichei '"
Tropical Sand Goby
Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Priolepis robinsi '
[Atlantic (westem central)]
Redigobius bikolanus "»
Bigmouth Goby
Mozambique, South Africa
Redigobius dewaali '™
Checked Goby
Mozambique, South Africa
Sicydium stimpsoni '"
Oopu Nopili
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Silhouettea sibayi ""
Sibayi Goby
Mozambique, South Africa
Taenioides jacksoni "*
Bearded Eelgoby
South Africa
Class ECHINOroEA
Order ECHINOroA
Family ECHINIDAE
Echinus esculentus "'
European Edible Sea Urchin
Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
[Atlantic (northeast)]
Class ARACHNIDA
Order ARANEAE
Family THERAPHOSmAE
Euathlus smithi '"
Red-kneed Tarantula
Mexico
Class CRUSTACEA
Order ANOSTRACA
Family LINDERIELLffiAE
Linderiella occidentalis "
California Linderiella
USA
Class INSECTA
Order COLEOPTERA
Family CARABmAE
Carabus intricatus '■'
Blue Ground Beetle
Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Netherlands, Poland, Romania,
Slovakia?, Sweden, Switzerland,
United Kingdom, Yugoslavia
Family CICINDELIDAE
Cicindela marginipennis "
Cobblestone Tiger Beetle
USA
169
Lower Risk : near threatened
Family LUCANIDAE
Colophon izardi '«
South Africa
Order HOMOPTERA
Family CICADroAE
Magicicada cassini '"'
Cassini Periodical Cicada
USA
Magicicada septendecim "-
Decim Periodical Cicada
Canada, USA
Magicicada septendecula "
Decula Periodical Cicada
USA
Order HYMENOPTERA
Family FORMICIDAE
Formica aquilonia '"
European Red Wood Ant
Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Finland,
France, Germany, Italy, Latvia,
Norway, Russia, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia
Formica lugubris '"
European Red Wood Ant
Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Norway, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United
Kingdom, Yugoslavia
Formica polyctena '"
European Red Wood Ant
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Finland, France, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Formica pratensis/nigricans ""
European Red Wood Ant
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Finland, France,
Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Moldova, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
Ukraine, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia
Formica rufa '"
European Red Wood Ant
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Moldova, Netheriands,
Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine,
United Kingdom, Yugoslavia
Formica uralensis '"
European Red Wood Ant
Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Kazakhstan,
Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland,
Russia, Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine
Family SPHECmAE
Tachysphex pechumani '
Antennal-waving Wasp
USA
Order LEPIDOPTERA
Family HESPERIIDAE
Panoquina errans '"
Wandering Skipper
Mexico, USA
Family LYCAENIDAE
Chrysoritis oreas ''
Drakensburg Copper
South Africa
lolaus aphnaeoides "
South Africa
Lepidochrysops bacchus "
Wineland Blue
South Africa
Lycaena dispar "
Large Copper
Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?,
Belarus?, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Finland?, France,
Georgia?, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan?,
Latvia?, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Moldova?, Mongolia?, Netherlands,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Switzerland, Turkey?, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Maculinea alcon "
Alcon Large Blue
Albania?, Austria, Belarus?,
Belgium, Bulgaria?, Czech
Republic?, Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Kazakhstan?, Lithuania, Moldova?,
Netheriands, Poland?, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia?, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Maculinea arion "
Large Blue
Albania?, Armenia?, Austria,
Azerbaijan?, Belarus?, Belgium,
Bulgaria?, China, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia?, Finland, France,
Georgia?, Germany, Greece,
Hungary?, Iran?, Italy, Japan?,
Kazakhstan?, Latvia?, Lithuania?,
Moldova?, Poland, Romania?,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzeriand, Turkey, Ukraine,
United Kingdom [re-int], Yugoslavia
Maculinea arionides '*'
Greater Large Blue
China, Japan, Russia
Maculinea nausithous '"
Dusky Large Blue
Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?,
Belarus?, Bulgaria, Czech Republic?,
France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary,
Kazakhstan?, Moldova?, Poland,
Romania?, Russia, Spain,
Switzeriand, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Maculinea teleius '*'
Scarce Large Blue
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic?,
France, Georgia?, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan?,
Mongolia?, Poland, Russia, Spain?,
Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Poecilmitis aureus "
South Africa
Thestor brachycerus "
South Africa
Family NYMPHALmAE
Anetia briarea ""
Lesser False Fritillary
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti
Anetia cubana ""
Salvin's Anetia
Cuba
Anetia jaegeri '"'
Jaeger's Anetia
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica
Anetia pantheratus ""
False Fritillary
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti
Danaus cleophile ""
Jamaican Monarch
Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica
Euploea blossomae '°'
Schaus' Crow
Philippines
Euploea gamelia '»'
Javan Crow
Indonesia
170
Leeches
Euploea martinii ""
Sumatran Crow
Indonesia
Euploea swainson ""
Swainson's Crow
Indonesia, Philippines
Euploea tobleri '"'
Tobler's Crow
Philippines
Idea iasonia '"'
Ceylon Tree-nymph
Sri Lanka
Idea malabarica ">'
Malabar Tree-Nymph
India
Parantica albata ""
Zinken's Tiger
Indonesia
Parantica nilgiriensis ""
Nilgiri Tiger
India
Parantica pseudomelaneus ""
Javan Tiger
Indonesia
Parantica taprobana ""
Ceylon Tiger
Sri Lanka
Parantica tityoides ""
Sumatran Chocolate Tiger
Indonesia
Protoploea apatela '"'
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Family PAPILIONIDAE
Archon apollinaris "
Armenia, Bulgaria, Greece, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
Romania, Syria, Turkey,
Turkmenistan
Baronia brevicomis '"
Short-homed Baronia
Mexico
Graphium mendana ''
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Luehdorfiajaponica "
Japanese Luehdorfia
Japan
Omithoptera chimaera ''
Chimaera Birdwing
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Papilio benguetanus "
Philippines
Papilio grosesmithi "
Madagascar
Papilio himeros "
Argentina, Brazil
Papilio manlius "
Mauritius
Papilio maraho "
Taiwan
Papilio sjoestedti "
Kilimanjaro Swallowtail
Tanzania
Parides burchellanus "
Brazil
Teinopalpus imperialis "
Kaiser-I-Hind
Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar,
Nepal
Troides andromacfie "
Indonesia?, Malaysia
Family SATYRIDAE
Coenonympha oedippus '"
False Ringlet
Austria, Belgium, France, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan?,
Liechtenstein, Mongolia?, Poland,
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland,
Ukraine
Erebia christi '"
Raetzer's Ringlet
Italy, Switzerland
Order MANTODEA
Family MANTTOAE
Apteromantis aptera '"
Spain
Order ODONATA
Family AESHNTOAE
Aeshna viridis '"
Austria, Czech Republic?, Denmark,
Estonia?, Finland, Germany,
Hungary, Latvia?, Lithuania?,
Netherlands, Poland, Russia,
Slovakia?, Sweden, Yugoslavia?
Family CALOPTERYGroAE
Calopteryx angustipennis '"
USA
Family COENAGRIONIDAE
Megalagrion nigrohanmtum '"
Nigrohamatum Damselfly
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family CORDULiroAE
Antipodochlora braueri '"
New Zealand
Macromia margarita '-'
USA
Somatochlora calverti '^
Calverts' Emerald
USA
Somatochlora incurvata "^
Canada, USA
Somatochlora ozarkensis '^'
USA
Family GOMPHIDAE
Gomphurus modestus '^
GulfClubtail
USA
Gomphus diminutus '"
Diminutive Clubtail
USA
Gomphus hodgesi '-'
Hodges' Clubtail
USA
Hylogomphus geminatus '^'
Twin-striped Clubtail
USA
Hylogomphus parvidens '"
USA
Ophiogomphus anomalus '-'
Canada, USA
Ophiogomphus incurvatus '^'
USA
Family SYNLESTIDAE
Chlorolestes draconicus '^
South Africa
Ecchlorolestes nylephtha '-'
South Africa
Class MEROSTOMATA
Order XIPHOSURA
Family LIMULroAE
Limulus polyphemus '"
Horseshoe Crab
Canada, Mexico, USA
Class ONYCHOPHORA
Order ONYCHOPHORA
Family PERIPATIDAE
Plicatoperipatus jamaicensis '-'
Jamaica
Class HIRUDINEA
Order ARHYNCHOBDELLAE
Family HIRUDEMroAE
Hirudo medicinalis '"
Medicinal Ixech
Albania, Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan?, Belarus?, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic?,
Denmark, Estonia?, Finland, France,
171
Lower Risk : near threatened
Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Kazakhstan?, Latvia?,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
Ukraine, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia
Class OLIGOCHAETA
Order HAPLOTAXIDA
Family LUTODRILIDAE
Lutodrilus multivesiculatus '"
USA
Class BIVALVIA
Order UNIONOroA
Family UNIONIDAE
Actinonaias pectorosa ■'
USA
Anodontoides radiatus ^*
USA
Cyclonaias tuberculata -*
USA
Ellipsaria lineolata "
USA
Elliptio ahenea -'
USA
Elliptio angustata -*
USA
Elliptio congaraea "
USA
Elliptio dariensis -'
USA
Elliptio downiei "
USA
Elliptio folliculata "
USA
Elliptio hopetonensis -■'
USA
Elliptio lanceolata "
Yellow Lance
USA
Elliptio mcmichaeli *•
USA
Elliptio producta ^'
USA
Elliptio shepardiana ^•'
Altamaha Lance
USA
Fusconaia askewi "
USA
Fusconaia barnesiana "
USA
Fusconaia lananensis -*
USA
Fusconaia ozarkensis "
USA
Fusconaia subrotunda ^'
USA
Fusconaia succissa ■*
USA
Lampsilis bracteata -'
USA
Lampsilis cardium -'
USA
Lampsilis fullerkati '•'
Waccamaw Fatmucket
USA
Lampsilis haddletoni "
USA
Lampsilis omata -*
USA
Lampsilis ovata ^
USA
Lampsilis perovalis -'
Orangenacre Mucket
USA
Lampsilis satura -*
USA
Lampsilis splendida -■'
USA
Lasmigona holstonia -*
Tennessee Heelsplitter
USA
Lasmigona subviridis -'
Green Floater
USA
Leptodea leptodon "
Scaleshell
USA
Leptodea ochracea "
USA
Lexingtonia dolabelloides -*
Slabside Pearlymussel
USA
Ligumia nasuta ■'
USA
Ligumia recta ■"
USA
Medionidus conradicus -■*
USA
Obovaria jacksoniana -"
USA
Obovaria rotulata -^
Round Ebonyshell
USA
Obovaria subrotunda -*
USA
Obovaria unicolor ^
USA
Plethobasus cyphyus -*
USA
Pleurobema beadleianum -■*
USA
Pleurobema cordatum ^
USA
[R. Green, R. Ohio]
Pleurobema decisum -'
Southern Clubshell
USA
Pleurobema pyriforme -'
Oval Pigtoe
USA
Pleurobema riddellii "
USA
Pleurobema rubrum "
Pyramid Pigtoe
USA
[R. Green]
Pseudanodonta complanata ' "
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland,
Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan,
Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
United Kingdom
Ptychobranchus occidentalis -*
USA
Ptychobranchus subtentum -*
USA
Pyganodon gibbosa -'
USA
Quadrula asperata -*
USA
Quadrula houstonensis -'
USA
Quadrula refulgens -'
USA
Quadrula rumphiana -''
USA
Quincuncina infucata "
USA
Strophitus connasaugaensis -*
USA
Strophitus subvexus -*
USA
Vnio crassus '"
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein,
172
Molluscs: snails
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Switzerland, Ukraine
Order VENEROroA
Family SPHAERIDAE
Pisidium fultoni '
Australia
Class GASTROPODA
Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
Family NERUffiAE
Neritilia manoeli "
Angola, Cameroon, Sao Tome &
Pri'ncipe
Order BASOMMATOPHORA
Family ANCYLIDAE
Ancylus regularis "
Ethiopia
Simulator consetti "«
Australia
Family PLANORBroAE
Biomphalaria angulosa "
Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
Biomphalaria salinarum "
Angola, Namibia?
Bulinus barthi "
Kenya, Tanzania
Bulinus browni "
Kenya
Bulinus canescens "
Angola, Zaire, Zambia
Bulinus cemicus "
Mauritius
Bulinus crystallinus "
Angola, Gabon
Bulinus hexaploidus "
Ethiopia
Bulinus octaploidus "
Ethiopia
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Family AMPULLARIDAE
Lanistes ciliatus "
Kenya
Lanistes elliptus "
Malawi, Mozambique, Zaire
Pila occidentalis "
Angola, Namibia, Zambia
Family HYDROBIIDAE
Bythinella carinulata "
France
Bythinella pupoides "
France, Switzerland
Bythinella vesontiana '^
France
Bythiospeum elseri ™
Austria
Falniowskia neglectissimum '""
Poland, Slovakia
Fluviopupa gracilis ™
Australia
Fluviopupa ramsayi "'
Australia
Fonscochlea zeidleri ™
Australia
Hemistoma gemma '"
Australia
MoUessieria lineolata ^
France
Moitessieria rayi ^
France
Paladilhia hungarica '"
Hungary
Potamopyrgus oscitans "'
Australia
Trockidrobia punicea "»
Australia
Victodrobia victoriensis ™
Australia
Family RANELLIDAE
Cymatium parthenopaeum '"
Italy
Family THIARIDAE
Cleopatra grandidieri "
Madagascar
Melanatria fluminea "
Madagascar
Melanatria madagascarensis "
Madagascar
Family VIVIPARIDAE
Viviparus acerosus '"
Austria, Bulgaria, Germany,
Hungary, Romania, Slovakia
Order NEOGASTROPODA
Family BUCCINIDAE
Ranella olearia '"
Italy
Ranella parthenopaeum '"
Italy
Family MURICffiAE
Latiaxis babelis ™
Malta
Order STYLOMMATOPHORA
Family AGRIOLIMACn)AE
Deroceras vascoana '"
France, Spain
Family CAMAENffiAE
Amphidromus cognatus "
Australia
Amplirhagada montalivetensis "°
Australia
Austrochloritis ascensa "•'
Australia
Austrochloritis pusilla '"
Australia
Baccalena squamulosa "
Australia
Baudinella baudinensis '™
Australia
Cooperconcha centralis '"
Australia
Craterodiscus pricei '"
Australia
Cristilabrum spectaculum "*
Australia
Cupedora broughami "■'
Australia
Cupedora luteofusca "•'
Australia
Cupedora marcidum '"
Australia
Cupedora sutilosa "•'
Australia
Cupedora tomsetti "•'
Australia
Glyptorhagadajanaslini '"
Australia
Granulomelon grandituberculatum "
Australia
Jacksonena delicata '*'
Australia
Jacksonena rudis '"
Australia
Lacustrelix minor '"
Australia
Lacustrelix yerelinana '"
Australia
Meliobba shafferyi '"
Australia
Meridolum marshalli "'
Australia
173
Lower Risk : near threatened
Mesodontrachia desmonda'"
Australia
Mesodontrachia fUzroyana "
Australia
Ordtrachia australis ">'
Australia
Ordtrachia septentrionalis '"
Australia
Papuexul bidwilli "■'
Australia
Pleuroxia arcigerens "
Australia
Pleuroxia italowiana ""
Australia
Posorites turneri '"
Australia
Semotrachia sublevata "
Australia
Semotrachia winneckeana "
Australia
Setobaudinia victoriana '»
Australia
Sphaerospira macleayi "'
Australia
Sphaerospira rockhamptonensis '
Australia
Sphaerospira whartoni '"
Australia
Torresitrachia funium "
Australia
Family CHAROPmAE
Allocharopa okeana '"
Australia
Allocharopa tarravillensis '"
Australia
Pillomena aemula »
Australia
Roblinella agnewi '"
Australia
Setomedea nudicostata '"
Australia
Family CHONDRINTOAE
Solatopupa psarolena *
France, Italy
Family CLAUSILITOAE
Charpentieria diodon '"
Italy, Switzerland
Muticaria macrostoma "-
Malta
Family COCHLICOPIDAE
Cryptazeca vasconica '"
Spain
Family DISCIDAE
Discus scutula '
Spain (Canary Is)
Family GEOMITRmAE
Actinella actinophora '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Actinella carinofausta '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Actinella fausta '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Actinella giramica '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Actinella obserata '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Actinella robusta '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Spirorbula obtecta '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Spirorbula squalida '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Family HELICmAE
Allognathus graellsianus '"
Spain (Balearic Is)
Chilostoma cingulellum '"
Poland, Slovakia
Chilostoma rossmaessleri '"
Poland, Slovakia
Codringtonia acacrianica "*
Greece
Codringtonia codringtonii '"
Rock Snail
Greece
Cylindrus obtusus '"
Austria
Helix godetiana "*
Greece
Hemicycla berkeleyi '
Spain (Canary Is)
Hemicycla mascaensis '
Spain (Canary Is)
Iberus qualtieranus '"
Spain
Pseudocampylaea podocampylaea '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Family
HELICODISCIDAE
Helicodiscus diadema '"
USA
Helicodiscus hexodon '"
USA
Family
HELMINTHOGLYPXroAE
Eremarionta morongoana '*'
Morongo Desert Snail
USA
Helminthoglypta mohaveana '«
Victorville Shoulderband
USA
Sonorella allynsmithi '"
USA
Sonorella christenseni '"
USA
Sonorella eremita '"
Sax Xavier Talus Snail
USA
Sonorella grahamensis '"
USA
Sonorella macrophallus '"
USA
Sonorella metcalfi "'>
Franklin Mountain Talus Snail
USA
Sonorella todseni '"
USA
Family HYGROMimAE
Atenia quadrani '"
Spain
Cryptosaccus asturiensis '"
Spain
Helicella gasulli '"
Spain
Helicella orzai '"
Spain
Helicella striatitala ">
Spain
Helicella zaratei '"
Spain
Helicella zujarensis '"
Spain
Helicopsis conopsis "*
Morocco
Montserratina bofilliana '"
Spain
Oestophora ortizi '"
Spain
Plentusia vendia '"
Spain
Pyrenaeania cotiellae '"
Spain
174
Nemenine worms
Pyrenaearia navasi '"
Spain
Pyrenaearia oberthueri '"
Spain
Pyrenaearia organiaca '"
Spain
Pyrenaearia parva '"
Spain
Pyrenaearia poncebensis '"
Spain
Pyrenaearia velascoi '"
Spain
Suboestophora altamirai '"
Spain
Suboestophora hispanica '"
Spain
Trochoidea betulonensis '"
Spain
Trochoidea claudinae '"
Spain (Balearic Is)
Trochoidea jimenensis '"
Spain
Trochoidea montserratensis '"
Spain
Xerosecta adolfi '"
Spain
Family LIMACroAE
Malacolimax wiktori '
Spain (Canary Is)
Family ORCULIDAE
Orculafuchsi '"
Austria
Family PAPILLODERMIDAE
Papilloderma altonagai "'
Spain
Family POLYGYRmAE
Ashmunella pasonis '"
Franklin Mountain Woodland Snail
USA
Mesodon clenchi '"
Clench's Middle-toothed Land Snail
USA
Polygyra hippocrepis '"
USA
Polygyra peregrina ' "
Strange Many-whorled Land Snail
USA
Family PUPILLIDAE
Gyliotrachela catherina '
Australia
Pupilla ficulnea "
Australia
Sterkia Clementina '•"
Insular Birddrop
USA
Family RHYXmiDAE
Paryphanta busbyi
Kauri Snail
VU'" B2e
New Zealand
Powelliphanta marchantii ' "
New Zealand
Victaphanta atramentaria '"
Australia
Family STREPTAXIDAE
Gonospira bourguignati
VU ™ B2ab
Reunion
Family SUBULINTOAE
Beckianum sinistrum '"
Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Leptinaria strebeliana '"
Nicaragua
Family SUCCINEmAE
Catinella arenaria "'
Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland,
United Kingdom
Succinea sanctaehelenae '"
St Helena
Family VALLO^fIIDAE
Vallonia declivis '"
Austria, France, Germany, Poland,
Slovakia, Switzerland
Family VERTIGINIDAE
Vertigo alabamensis '"
USA
Vertigo arthuri '"
USA
Vertigo hebardi '"
USA
Vertigo hubricti '"
USA
Vertigo occulta '"
USA
Vertigo ovata '"
USA
Family VITRINIDAE
Insulivitrina machadoi '
Spain (Canary Is)
Insulivitrina mascaensis '
Spain (Canary Is)
Insulivitrina tuberculata '
Spain (Canary Is)
Family ZONIXmAE
Oxychilus basajauna '"
Spain
Paravitrea clappi '"
USA
Trochomorpha melvillensis '*
Australia
Zonites anaphiensis '"
Greece
Class ENOPLA
Order HOPLONEMERTEA
Family PROSORHOCHMmAE
Argonemertes hillii '"
Australia
175
List 4
Extinct and Extinct in tlie Wild
Class MAMMALIA
Order DASYUROMORPHIA
Family THYLACINroAE
Thylacinus cynocephalus
Thylacine
EX '"
Australia
Order PERAMELEMORPHIA
Family PERAMELEDAE
Chaeropus ecaudatus
Pig-footed Bandicoot
EX ■'
Australia
Macrotis leucura
Lesser Bilby
EX "
Australia
Perameles eremiana
Desert Bandicoot
EX "
Australia
Order DIPROTODONTIA
Family POTOROroAE
Caloprymnus campestris
Desert Rat-kangaroo
EX "
Australia
Potorous platyops
Broad-faced Potoroo
EX "
Australia
Family MACROPODroAE
Lagorchestes asomatus
Central Hare-wallaby
EX "
Australia
Lagorchestes leporides
Eastern Hare-wallaby
EX "
Australia
Macropus greyi
Toolache Wallaby
EX "
Australia
Onychogalea lunata
Crescent Nailtail Wallaby
EX "
Australia
Order INSECTIVGRA
Family SOLENODONTroAE
Solenodon marcanoi
EX "
Dominican Republic
Family NESOPHGNXroAE
Nesophontes hypomicrus
Atalaye Nesophontes
EX '"
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Nesophontes micrus
Western Cuban Nesophontes
EX ""
Cuba
Nesophontes paramicrus
Saint Michel Nesophontes
EX '"
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Nesophontes sp.
EX '"
Cayman Islands
Nesophontes zamicrus
Haitian Nesophontes
EX '"
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Order CHIROPTERA
Family PTEROPODIDAE
Acerodon lucifer
Panany Giant Fruit Bat
EX «
Philippines
Dobsonia chapmani
Philippine Bare-backed Fruit Bat
EX «
Philippines
Nyctimene sanctacrucis
EX «
Solomon Islands
Pteropus brunneus
EX "
Australia
Pteropus loochoensis
Okinawa Flying-fox
EX '«'
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Pteropus pilosus
Palau Fruit Bat
EX «
Palau
Pteropus subniger
EX «
Mauritius, Reunion
Pteropus tokudae
Guam Fruit Bat
EX «
Guam
Family PHYLLOSTOMIDAE
Phyllonycteris major
Puerto Rican Flower Bat
EX '"
Puerto Rico
Family VESPERTILIONIDAE
Myotis miUeri
EX «
Mexico
Myotis planiceps
EX «
Mexico
Nyctophilus howensis
EX «
Australia, New Caledonia
Family MYSTACINTDAE
Mystacina robusta
EX «
New Zealand, Solomon Islands
Order CARNIVGRA
Family CANIDAE
Dusicyon australis
Falklands Wolf
EX »
Falkland Islands
Family MUSTELffiAE
Mustela nigripes
Black-footed Ferret
EW '"
USA
177
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild
Family PHOCIDAE
Monachus tropicalis
West Indian Monk Seal
EX '"
Bahamas, Colombia (Isla de
Providencia), Cuba, Guadeloupe,
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,
USA
Family PROCYONmAE
Procyon gloveralleni
Barbados Raccoon
EX '"
Barbados
Order SIRENIA
Family DUGONGmAE
Hydrodamalis gigas
Steller'sSeaCow
EX '»'
Russia, USA
Order PERISSODACTYLA
Family EQUIDAE
Equus przewalskii
Przewalski's Wild Horse
EW "
China, Mongolia
Equus quagga
Quagga
EX '»'
South Africa
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Family SUTOAE
Sus bucculentus
Vietnam Warty Pig
EX '«'
Viet Nam
Family CERVTOAE
Cervus schomburgki
Schomburgk's Deer
EX '"
Thailand
Family BOVroAE
Gazella arabica
Arabian Gazelle
EX '
Saudi Arabia
Gazella rufina
Red Gazelle
EX '
Algeria
Gazella saudiya
Saudi Gazelle
EW '
Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia,
Syria, Yemen
Hippotragus leucophaeus
Bluebuck
EX '
South Africa
Order RODENTIA
Family MURTOAE
Canariomys tamarani
EX "
Spain (Canary Is)
Conilurus albipes
EX "
Australia
Coryphomys buhleri
EX "
Indonesia
Leporillus apicalis
EX "
Australia
Megalomys desmarestii
EX "
Martinique
Megalomys luciae
EX "
St Lucia
Microtus bavaricus
Bavarian Vole
EX '
Germany
Nesoryzomys darwini
EX "
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Nesoryzomys fernandinae
EX "
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Nesoryzomys swarthi
EX "
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Notomys amplus
EX "
Australia
Notomys longicaudatus
EX "
Australia
Notomys macrotis
EX "
Australia
Notomys mordax
EX "
Australia
Oryzomys nelsoni
EX "
Mexico
Papagomys theodorverhoeveni
EX "
Indonesia
Paulamys naso
EX "
Indonesia
Peromyscus pembertoni
EX "
Mexico
Pseudomys gouldii
EX "
Australia
Rattus macleari
EX "
Australia
Rattus nativitatis
EX "
Christmas Island
Spelaeomys florensis
EX "
Indonesia
Family ERETHIZGNXroAE
Sphiggurus pallidus
EX "
"West Indies"
Family ECHEVTYIDAE
Boromys offella
EX "
Cuba
Boromys torrei
EX "
Cuba
Brotomys contractus
EX "
Haiti
Brotomys voratus
EX "
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Heteropsomys antillensis
EX "
Puerto Rico
Heteropsomys insulans
EX "
Puerto Rico
Puertoricomys corozalus
EX "
Puerto Rico
Family CAPROMYIDAE
Capromys sp.
EX ""
Cayman Islands
Geocapromys columbianus
EX '"
Cuba
Geocapromys sp.
EX ""
Cayman Islands
178
Birds
Geocapromys thoracatus
EX "
Honduras
Hexolobodon phenax
EX "
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Isolobodon montanus
EX "
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Plagiodontia araeum
EX "
Dominican Republic
Plagiodontia ipnaeum
EX "
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Plagiodontia velozi
EX '*'
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei
EX "
Haiti
Family HEPTAXODONTmAE
Amblyrhiza inundata
EX "
Anguilla
Clidomys osborni
EX "
Jamaica
Clidomys parvus
EX "
Jamaica
Elasmodontomys obliquus
EX "
Puerto Rico
Quemisia gravis
EX "
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Order LAGOMORPHA
Family OCHOTONTOAE
Prolagus sardus
Sardinian Pika
EX ■«
France, Italy
Class AVES
Order STRUTHIONIFORMES
Family AEPYORNITHTOAE
Aepyomis maximus
Great Elephantbird
EX '«
Madagascar
Family ANOMALOPTERYGIDAE
Dinomis torosus
Brawny Great Moa
EX '"
New Zealand
Eurapteryx gravis
Burly Lesser Moa
EX '«'
New Zealand
Megalaperyx didinus
South Island Tokoweka
EX '«
New Zealand
Order CASUARIIFORMES
Family DROMAIffiAE
Dromaius ater
King Island Emu
EX '"
Australia
Dromaius baudinianus
Kangaroo Island Emu
EX '»'
Australia
Order PODICIPEDIFORMES
Family PODICIPEDIDAE
Podiceps andinus
Colombian Grebe
EX -'
Colombia
Podilymbus gigas
Atitlan Grebe
EX "»
Guatemala
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES
Family PROCELLARUDAE
Pterodroma sp.
EX '»'
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Order PELECANIFORMES
Family PHALACROCORACroAE
Phalacrocorax perspicillatus
Pallas's Cormorant
EX '»'
Russia
Order CICONIIFORMES
Family ARDEIDAE
Ixobrychus novaezelandiae
Black-backed Bittern
EX '»'
New Zealand
Nycticorax mauritianus
Mauritius Night-heron
EX ""
Mauritius
Nycticorax megacephalus
Rodrigues Night-heron
EX ""
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Nycticorax sp.
EX '«
Reunion
Family CICONiroAE
Ciconia sp.
EX ""
Reunion
Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Borbonibis latipes
Reunion Flightless Ibis
EX '"
Reunion
Order ANSERIFORMES
Family ANAXmAE
Alopochen mauritianus
Mauritian Shelduck
EX '"
Mauritius
Anas marecula
EX '"
French Southem and Antarctic
Territories (Amsterdam Id)
Anas theodori
Mauritian Duck
EX ""
Mauritius, Reunion
Camptorhynchus labradorius
Labrador Duck
EX '»'
Canada, USA
Cygnus sumnerensis
Chatham Island Swan
EX ""
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Mergus australis
Auckland Islands Merganser
EX '"
New Zealand
Order FALCONIFORMES
Family FALCONIDAE
Falco sp.
EX '«'
Reunion
Polyborus lutosus
Guadalupe Caracara
EX '"
Mexico
179
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild
Order GALLIFORMES
Family CRACffiAE
Mitu mitu
Alagoas Curassow
EW ='
Brazil
Family PHASIANffiAE
Coturnix novaezelandiae
New Zealand Quail
EX '«'
New Zealand
Order GRUIFORMES
Family RALLTOAE
Aphanapteryx bonasia
Red Rail
EX ""
Mauritius
Aphanapteryx leguati
Rodrigues Rail
EX '«
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Atlantisia elpenor
Ascension Flightless Crake
EX '»'
St Helena (Ascension)
Fulica newtoni
Mascarene Coot
EX '»'
Mauritius, Reunion
Gallirallus dieffenbachii
Dieffenbach's Rail
EX '"
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Gallirallus ntodestus
Chatham Islands Rail
EX ""
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Gallirallus owstoni
Guam Rail
EW ^'
Guam
Gallirallus pacificus
Tahiti Rail
EX '"
French Polynesia
Gallirallus wakensis
Wake Island Rail
EX ""
US Minor Pacific Islands (Wake Id)
Nesoclopeus poecilopterus
Bar-winged Rail
EX ^'
Fiji
Porphyria albus
Lord Howe Swamphen
EX '»'
Australia
Porzana monasa
Kosrae Crake
EX ""
Federated States of Micronesia
Porzana palmeri
Laysan Crake
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Porzana sandwickensis
Hawaiian Crake
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Order CHARADRIIFORMES
Family CHARADRIffiAE
Haematopus meadewaldoi
Canary Islands Oystercatcher
EX '"
Spain (Canary Is)
Vanellus macropterus
Javanese Lapwing
EX -'
Indonesia
Family SCOLOPACIDAE
Prosobonia leucoptera
Tahitian Sandpiper
EX '"
French Polynesia
Family LARTOAE
Alca impennis
Great Auk
EX '"'
Canada, Denmark (Faeroe Is),
Greenland, Iceland, Russia, United
Kingdom
Order COLUMBIFORMES
Family RAPHmAE
Pezophaps solitaria
Rodrigues Solitaire
EX '«'
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Raphus cucullatus
Dodo
EX '"
Mauritius
Raphus solitarius
Reunion Solitaire
EX ""
Rdunion
Family COLUMBroAE
Alectroenas nitidissima
Mauritius Blue Pigeon
EX '"
Mauritius
Columbajouyi
Ryukyu Pigeon
EX '«
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Columba versicolor
Bonin Wood Pigeon
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ectopistes migratorius
Passenger Pigeon
EX '«
USA
Microgoura meeki
Choiseul Pigeon
EX ""
Solomon Islands
Ptilinopus mercierii
Red-moustached Fruit-Dove
EX '"'
French Polynesia
Zenaida graysoni
Socorro Dove
EW "
Mexico (Revillagigedos Is)
'Alectroenas ' rodericana
Rodrigues Pigeon
EX '"
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Order PSITTACIFORMES
Family PSITTACmAE
'Lophopsittacus ' bensoni
Mauritius Grey Parrot
EX "=
Mauritius
Anodorhynchus glaucus
Glaucous Macaw
EX -'
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Ara tricolor
Cuban Red Macaw
EX '»'
Cuba
Conuropsis carolinensis
Carolina Parakeet
EX '"
USA
Cyanoramphus ulietanus
Raiatea Parakeet
EX '»'
French Polynesia
180
Birds
Cyanoramphus zealandicus
'Scops' commersoni
Black-fronted Parakeet
Mauritian Owl
EX '"
EX '='
French Polynesia
Mauritius
Lophopsittacus mauritianus
Mauritius Parrot
Order APODBFORMES
EX '"
Mauritius
Family TROCHILmAE
Mascarinus mascarinus
Chlorostilbon bracei
Mascarene Parrot
Grace's Emerald
EX '«
EX '«
Reunion
Bahamas
Nestor productus
Norfolk Island Kaka
Order PICIFORMES
EX '"
Family PICmAE
Norfolk Island
Campephilus principalis
Psephotus pulcherrimus
Ivory-billed Woodpecker
Paradise Parrot
EX "
EX ='
Cuba, USA
Australia
Psittacula exsul
Order PASSERIFORMES
Newton's Parakeet
EX '"
Family XENICffiAE
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Xenicus longipes
Psittacula wardi
Bush Wren
Seychelles Parrot
EX -'
EX '"
New Zealand
Seychelles
Xenicus lyalli
Strigops habroptilus
Stephens Island Wren
Kakapo
EX '»
EW ='
New Zealand
New Zealand
Family PYCNONOXmAE
'NecropsUtacus' rodericanus
Rodrigues Parrot
Hypsipetes sp.
EX '"
EX '"
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Family MUSCICAPmAE
Order CUCULIFORMFS
Gerygone insularis
Family CUCULffiAE
Lord Howe Gerygone
EX ""
Coua delalandei
Australia
Snail-eating Coua
EX '«
Madagascar
Myiagra freycineti
Guam Flycatcher
EX ='
Guam
Order STRIGIFORMES
Nesillas aldabrana
Family STRIGmAE
Aldabra Bush-warbler
Sauzieri sp.
EX "
Mauritian Owl
Seychelles
EX '"'
Turdus ravidus
Mauritius
Grand Cayman Thrush
Sceloglaux albifacies
EX '"
Laughing Owl
Cayman Islands
EX ""
Turnagra capensis
New Zealand
Piopio
'Athene' murivora
EX '"
Rodrigues Little Owl
New Zealand
EX '"
Zoothera terrestris
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Bonin Thrush
EX '»'
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Family ZOSTEROPmAE
Zosterops strenuus
Robust White-eye
EX '"
Australia
Family MELIPHAGmAE
Chaetoptila angustipluma
Kioea
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Moho apicalis
Oahu Oo
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Moho nobilis
Hawaii Oo
EX '»'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family DREPANIDIDAE
Chloridops kona
Kona Grosbeak
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Ciridops anna
Ula-ai-hawane
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Drepanis funerea
Black Mamo
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Drepanis pacifica
Hawaii Mamo
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hemignathus obscurus
Akialoa
EX -'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Paroreomyza flammea
Molokai Creeper
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Rhodacanthis flaviceps
Lesser Koa-fmch
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Rhodacanthis palmeri
Greater Koa-fmch
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Viridonia sagittirostris
Greater Amakihi
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
181
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild
Family ICTERIDAE
Family GEKKONmAE
Family TYPHLOProAE
Quiscalus palustris
Hoplodactylus delcourti
Typhlops cariei
Slender-billed Grackle
EX ""
EX '«'
EX '"'
New Zealand
Mauritius
Mexico
Nactus coindemerensis
EW '*■
Family FRINGILLffiAE
Mauritius
Order TESTUDBVES
Chaunoproctus ferreorostris
Phelsuma gigas
Family TESTUDEMDAE
Bonin Grosbeak
EX '«'
Rodrigues Day Gecko
EX '»'
Cylindraspis borbonica
EX ""
Reunion
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Spiza townsendi
Townsend's Finch
Family IGUANIDAE
Cylindraspis indica
EX '"
Leiocephalus eremitus
EX '"
USA
EX ""
Reunion
Family PLOCEIDAE
USA
Cylindraspis inepta
Leiocephalus herminieri
EX '"
Foudia sp.
EX '«'
Mauritius
Reunion Fody
EX '"
Martinique
Cylindraspis peltastes
Reunion
Family SCINCIDAE
EX ""
Leiolopisma mauritiana
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Family STURNIDAE
EX '»'
Cylindraspis triserrata
Mauritius
EX '"
Aplonis corvina
Kosrae Mountain Starling
Macroscincus coctei
Mauritius
EX '"
Cape Verde Giant Skink
Cylindraspis vosmaeri
Federated States of Micronesia
EX '"
EX '»'
Aplonis fusca
Cape Verde
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Tasman Starling
Tachygia microlepis
EX "=
Australia, Norfolk Island
Tonga Ground Skink
EX '"
Class AMPHIBIA
Aplonis mavornata
Tonga
Mysterious Starling
Tetradactylus eastwoodae
Order ANURA
EX ""
Eastwood's Longtailed Seps
Unknown
EX '•'
Family DISCOGLOSSroAE
Fregilupus varius
South Africa
Discoglossus nigriventer
Reunion Starling
Family TEIIDAE
Israel Painted Frog
EX '«'
EX '"'
Reunion
Ameiva cineracea
Israel
Necrospar rodericanus
Rodrigues Starling
EX '«'
EX '*'
Guadeloupe
Ameiva major
[L. Huleh]
Family MYOBATRACHIDAE
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Martinique Giant Ameiva
Uperoleia marmorata
Family CALLAEIDAE
EX ""
Martinique
Marbled Toadlet
EX "
Heteralocha acutirostris
Huia
Australia
EX '"
Order SERPENTES
Family RANffiAE
New Zealand
Family BOmAE
Arthroleptides dutoiti
Bolyeria multocarinata
EX '"
Class REPTILIA
Round Island Boa
Kenya
Order SAURIA
EX "*
Mauritius
Ranafisheri
Vegas Valley Leopard Frog
Family ANGUffiAE
Family COLUBRroAE
EX '"
Celestus occiduus
Alsophis sancticrucis
USA
Jamaica Giant Galliwasp
Saint Croix Racer
Rana tlaloci
EX '«'
EX '»'
EX '»'
Jamaica
Virgin Islands (US)
Mexico
182
Fishes: bony fishes
Class
CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
Order
PETROMYZONTIFORMES
Family PETROMYZONTmAE
Lampetra minima
Miller Lake Lamprey
EX ""
USA
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPRINIDAE
Acanthobrama hulensis
EX '»'
Israel
[L. Huleh)
Cyprinus yilongensis
EX '«
China
Epalzeorhynchos bicolor
EW ""
Thailand
Evarra bustamantei
Mexican Dace
EX ""
Mexico
Evarra eigenmanni
Mexican Dace
EX '"
Mexico
Evarra tlahuacensis
Mexican Dace
EX '"
Mexico
Gila crassicauda
Thicktail Chub
EX "'
USA
Lepidomeda altivelis
Pahranagat Spinedace
EX '"
USA
Leuciscus turskyi
EX '»'
Croatia
[R. Cikola]
Notropis amecae
Ameca Shiner
EX '"
Mexico
Notropis aulidion
Durango Shiner
EX ""
Mexico
Notropis orca
Phantom Shiner
EX ""
Mexico, USA
Notropis saladonis
Sardinita de Salado
EX «
Mexico
Pogonichthys ciscoides
Clear Lake Splittail
EX '«'
USA
Rhinichthys deaconi
Las Vegas Dace
EX '«
USA
Stypodon signifer
Stumptooth Minnow
EX '"
Mexico
Family CATOSTOMIDAE
Chasmistes muriei
Snake River Sucker
EX ""
USA
Lagochila lacera
Harelip Sucker
EX '»'
USA
Order SILURIFORMES
Family TRICHOMYCTERIDAE
Rhizosomichthys totae
EX ""
Colombia
[L. Tota]
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family RETROPCVNIDAE
Prototroctes oxyrhynchus
New Zealand Grayling
EX ""
New Zealand
Family SALMONIDAE
Coregonus alpenae
Longjaw Cisco
EX '"
Canada, USA
[Great Lakes]
Coregonus johannae
Deepwater Cisco
EX '"
Canada, USA
[Great Lakes]
Coregonus nigripinnis
Blackfm Cisco
EX "
Canada
[Great Lakes]
Salvelinus agassizi
Silver Trout
EX ""
USA
Order ATHEREVEFORMES
Family ATHEREVIDAE
Rheocles sikorae
Zona
EX "■«
Madagascar
[R. Manambola]
Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Family CYPRINODONTIDAE
Cyprinodon alvarezi
Perrito de Potosi
EW "
Mexico
Cyprinodon ceciliae
Cachorrito de la Presa
EX "'
Mexico
Cyprinodon inmemoriam
Cachorrito de la Trinidad
EX '"
Mexico
Cyprinodon latifasciatus
Perrito de Parras
EX '"
Mexico
Cyprinodon longidorsalis
Cachorrito de Charco Palmal
EW "
Mexico
Cyprinodon sp.
Perritos de Sandia
EX '»'
Mexico
Fundulus albolineatus
Whiteline Topminnow
EX "^
USA
Megupsilon aporus
Cachorrito Enano de Potosi
EW "'
Mexico
183
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild
Family GOODEmAE
Ameca splendens
Goodeid
EW "
Mexico
Characodon garmani
Parras Cliaracodon
EX '»'
Mexico
Haplochromis lividus
EW "
[L. Victoria]
Lipochromis microdon
EX ■"
[L. Victoria]
Harpagochromis "red-eye guiarti"
EW "
[L. Victoria]
Harpagochromis artaxerxes
EX "
Platytaeniodus degeni
EW "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis arcanus
EX "
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
Empetrichthys meiriami
Asli Meadows Killifish
EX ""
Harpagochromis boops
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis argenteus
EX "
[L. Victoria]
USA
Skiffia francesae
Tiro
Harpagochromis cavifrons
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis bartoni
EX "
[L. Victoria]
EW "
Mexico
Family POECILIIDAE
Gambusia amistadensis
Harpagochromis maculipinna
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Harpagochromis michaeli
EX "
Prognathochromis bayoni
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis decticostoma
EX "
Amistad Gambusia
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
EX '«'
USA
Harpagochromis nyanzae
EX "
Prognathochromis dentex
EX "
Gambusia georgei
San Marcos Gambusia
EX '»'
[L. Victoria]
Harpagochromis pachycephalus
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis estor
EX "
USA
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
Priapella bonita
Guayacon Ojiazul
Harpagochromis paraplagiostoma
EX "
Prognathochromis flavipinnis
EX "
EX '«
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
Mexico
Harpagochromis pectoralis
EX "
Prognathochromis gilberti
EX "
Order SCORPAENIFORMES
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
Family COTTmAE
Cottus echinatus
Utah Lake Sculpin
EX '»'
USA
Harpagochromis spekii
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Harpagochromis thuragnathus
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis gowersi
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis longirostris
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Order PERCIFORMES
Harpagochromis victorianus
EX "
Prognathochromis macrognathus
EX "
Family FERCmAE
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
Etheostoma sellare
Hoplotilapia retrodens
Prognathochromis mandibularis
Maryland Darter
EX '»'
EX "
[L. Victoria]
EX "
[L. Victoria]
USA
Family CICHLmAE
Labrochromis ishmaeli
EW "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis nanoserranus
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Astatotilapia martini
EX "
Labrochromis mylergates
EX '^
Prognathochromis nigrescens
EX '^
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
Astatotilapia megalops
EX "
Labrochromis pharyngomylus
EX "
Prognathochromis paraguiarti
EX "
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
Gaurochromis obtusidens
EX "
Labrochromis teegelaari
EX "
Prognathochromis percoides
EX "
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
[L. Victoria]
184
Insects
w
Prognathochromis perrieri
EW "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis prognathus
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis pseudopellegrini
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis vittatus
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Prognathochromis xenostoma
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Psammochromis cassias
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Pyxichromis parorthostoma
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Xystichromis bayoni
EX "
[L. Victoria]
Yssichromis "argens"
EW "
[L. Victoria]
Class CRUSTACEA
Order AMPHIPODA
Family CRANGONYCTmAE
Stygobromus lucifugus
Rubious Cave Amphipod
EX '«
USA
Family GAMMARffiAE
Gammarus acheronytes
Illinois Cave Amphipod
EX «
USA
Gammarus desperatus
Noel's Amphipod
EX «
USA
Family PARAMELIXmAE
Austrogammarus australis
EX '"
Australia
Order CALANOIDA
Family DIAPTOMIDAE
Tropodiaptomus ctenopus
EX '«
Madagascar
Order CYCLOPOIDA
Family CYCLOPIDAE
Afrocyclops pauliani
EX '«
Madagascar
Order DECAPODA
Family ATYIDAE
Syncaris pasadenas
Pasadena Freshwater Shrimp
EX "'
USA
Order ISOPODA
Family SPHAEROMAXroAE
Thermosphaeroma thermophilum
Socorro Isopod
EW "
USA
Order PODOCOProA
Family CANDGNimAE
Namibocypris costata
EX "
Namibia
Family CYPRIDIDAE
Liocypris grandis
EX '■
South Africa
Class INSECTA
Order COLEOPTERA
Family CARABmAE
Mecodema punctellum
EX '«'
New Zealand
Family CERAMBYCmAE
Xylotoles costatus
EX '"
New Zealand (Chatham Is)
Family CURCULIONIDAE
Dryophthorus distinguendus
EX '»'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Dryotribus mimeticus
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hadramphus tuberculatus
EX '"
New Zealand
Macrancylus linearis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Oedemasylus laysanensis
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pentarthrum blackbumi
Blackburn's Weevil
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Rhyncogonus bryani
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Trigonoscuta rossi
Fort Ross Weevil
EX ""
USA
Trigonoscuta yorbalindae
Yorba Linda Weevil
EX '"
USA
Family DYTISCIDAE
Hygrotus artus
Mono Lake Diving Beetle
EX '"
USA
Megadytes ducalis
EX '«'
Brazil
Rhantus novacaledoniae
EX ""
New Caledonia
Rhantus orbignyi
EX '"
Argentina, Brazil
Rhantus papuanus
EX ""
Papua New Guinea
Siettitia balsetensis
Perrin's Cave Beetle
EX ""
France
Order DIPTERA
Family DOLICHOPODroAE
Campsicnemus mirabilis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family DROSOPHILIDAE
Drosophila lanaiensis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family TABANIDAE
Stonemyia volutina
Volutine Stoneyian Tabanid Fly
EX '»'
USA
185
Extinct and Extinct in tine Wild
Order EPHEMEROPTERA
Family EPHEMERIDAE
Pantagenia robusta
Robust Burrowing Mayfly
EX ""
USA
Family SIPHLONURmAE
Acanthometropus pecatonica
Pecatonica River Mayfly
EX '"
USA
Order HOMOPTERA
Family PSEUDOCOCCIDAE
Clavicoccus erinaceus
EX '"'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Phyllococcus oahuensis
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Order LEPIDOPTERA
Family ARGYRESTHIIDAE
Argyresthia castaneela
Chestnut Ermine Moth
EX '»'
USA
Family COLEOPHORIDAE
Coleophora leucochrysella
EX '»'
USA
Family GEOMETRroAE
Scotorythra megalophylla
Kona Giant Looper Moth
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Scotorythra nesiotes
Ko'olau Giant Looper Moth
EX '»'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Scotorythra paratactis
Hawaiian Hopseed Looper Moth
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Tritocleis microphylla
Ola' a Peppered Looper Moth
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family LIBYTHEmAE
Libythea cinyras
EX '"
Mauritius
Family LYCAENTOAE
Deloneura immaculata
EX ""
South Africa
Glaucopsyche xerces
Xerces Blue
EX '«
USA
Lepidochrysops hypopolia
EX '"
South Africa
Family NEPTICULIDAE
Ectodemia castaneae
American Chestnut Moth
EX '«'
USA
Ectodemia phleophaga
Phleophagan Chestnut Moth
EX '«'
USA
Family NOCTUroAE
Agrotis crinigera
Poko Noctuid Moth
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Agrotis fasciata
Midway Noctuid Moth
EX '«'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Agrotis kerri
Kerr's Noctuid Moth
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Agrotis laysanensis
Laysan Noctuid Moth
EX '"'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Agrotis photophila
EX '»'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Agrotis procellaris
EX '"'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Helicoverpa confusa
Confused Moth
EX '«'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Helicoverpa minuta
Minute Noctuid Moth
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hypena laysanensis
Laysan Dropseed Noctuid Moth
EX '«'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hypena newelli
Kilo Noctuid Moth
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hypena plagiota
Lovegrass Noctuid Moth
EX '«
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hypena senicula
Kaholuamano Noctuid Moth
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family PYRALIDAE
Genophantis leahi
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta asaphrombra
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta continuatalis
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta epicentra
EX '«
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta euryprora
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta fullawayi
EX '»'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta laysanensis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta meyricki
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta musicola
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Hedylepta telegrapha
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Oeobia sp.
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family SPHDJGmAE
Tinostoma smaragditis
Fabulous Green Sphinx of Kauai
EX ""
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family TISCHERIIDAE
Tischeria perplexa
Chestnut Clearwing Moth
EX '«'
USA
186
Molluscs: snails
Family ZYGAENTOAE
Levuana irridescens
Levuana Moth
EX '"'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Order ODONATA
Family COENAGRIONIDAE
Megalagrion jugonim
Jugorum Megalagrion Damselfly
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family LIBELLULmAE
Sympetrum dilatatum
EX '"
St Helena
Order ORTHOPTERA
Family ACRIDIDAE
Conozoa hyalina
Central Valley Grasshopper
EX '«
USA
Family GRYLLfflAE
Leptogryllus deceptor
Oahu Deceptor Bush Cricket
EW '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family TETTIGONIIDAE
Neduba extincta
Antioch Dunes Shieldback Katydid
EX '«'
USA
Order PHASMATOPTERA
Family PHASMAXmAE
Dryococelus australis
Lord Howe Island Stick-insect
EX ""
Australia
Order PLECOPTERA
Family CHLOROPERLIDAE
Alloperla roberti
Robert's Stonefly
EX '"
USA
Order TRICHOPTERA
Family HYDROPSYCHBDAE
Hydropsyche tobiasi
Tobias' Caddisfly
EX '»
Germany
Family LEPTOCERroAE
Triaenodes phalacris
Athens Caddisfly
EX ""
USA
Triaenodes tridonata
Three-tooth Caddisfly
EX '»'
USA
Family RHYACOPHELroAE
Rhyacophila amabilis
Castle Lake Caddisfly
EX '"
USA
Class ONYCHOPHORA
Order ONYCHOPHORA
Family PERIPATOPSIDAE
Opisthopatus roseus
EX '"
South Africa
Peripatopsis clavigera
EX '"
South Africa
Peripatopsis leonina
EX '"
South Africa
Class BIVALVIA
Order UNIONOIDA
Family UNIONTOAE
Dysnomia arcaeformis?
Sugarspoon
EX ■"
USA
Dysnomia biemarginata
Angled Riffleshell
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia flexuosa
Leafshell
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia haysiana
Acomshell
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia lefevrei
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia lenior
Narrow Catspaw
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia lewisii?
Forkshell
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia personate
Round Combshell
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia propinqua
Tennessee Riffleshell
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia sampsoni
Wabash Riffleshell
EX '"
USA
Dysnomia stewardsoni
Cumberland Leafshell
EX '"
USA
Unio cariei
EX "
Reunion
Class GASTROPODA
Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
Family LOTTIDAE
Lottia alveus
Eelgrass Limpet
EX "
USA
Family NACELLffiAE
Collisella edmitchelli
EX »
USA
Order BASOMMATOPHORA
Family PLANORBmAE
Miratesta celebensis
EX ^
Indonesia
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Family ASSIMINEroAE
Omphalotropis plicosa
EX '«
Mauritius
Family CYCLOPHORTOAE
Cyclophorus horridulum
EX "
Mayotte
Cyclosurus mariei
EX "
Mayotte
187
Extinct and Extinct in tlie Wild
Family HYDROBimAE
Angrobia dulvertonensis
EX '"
Australia
Beddomeia tumida
EX '»
Australia
Belgrandiella intermedia
EX "
Austria
Bythinella intermedia
EX '"
Austria
Lithoglyphus umbilicata
Umbilicate Pebblesnail
EX '"
USA
Littoridina gaudichaudii
EX *
Ecuador
Ohridohauffenia drimica
EX '"
Yugoslavia
Posticobia norfolkensis
EX '"
Norfolk Island
Family LITTORINIDIDAE
Littoraria flammea
EX *
China
Family NEOCYCLOTmAE
Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis
EX ^
Guadeloupe
Incerticyclus cinereus
EX ^
Martinique
Incerticyclus martinicensis
EX ^
Martinique
Family PLEUROCERIDAE
Anculosa formanii
Interrupted Rocksnail
EX '"
USA
Elimia hartmanniana
High-spired Elimia
EX '"
USA
Leptoxis anthonyix
Anthony's River Snail
EX '"
USA
Family POMATIASmAE
Tropidophora desmazuresi
EX "
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Tropidophora semilineata
EX "
Mayotte
Family POMATIOPSroAE
Tomicha cawstoni
EX "
South Africa
Order STYLOMMATOPHORA
Family ACHATINELLIDAE
Achatinella abbreviata
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella buddii
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella caesia
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella casta
EX '■'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella decora
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella dimorpha
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella elegans
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella juddii
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella juncea
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella lehuiensis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella livida
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella papyracea
EX '"
USA {Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella spaldingi
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella thaanumi
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella valida
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Auriculella expanse
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Auriculella uniplicata
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lamellidea monodonta
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Lamellidea nakadai
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Newcombia philippiana
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina crassa
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina montagui
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Perdicella fulgurans
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Perdicella maniensis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Perdicella zebra
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Perdicella zebrina
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Tornelasmias capricomi
EX "«
Australia
Family AMASTRIDAE
Amastra albolabris
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra cornea
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra crassilabrum
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra elongata
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra forbesi
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
188
Molluscs: snails
Amastra pellucida
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra porcus
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra reticulata
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra subrostrata
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra subsoror
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra tenuispira
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Amastra umbilicata
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia anceophila
EX "=
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia bicolor
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia cochlea
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia cumingiana
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia dolei
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia evelynae
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia glossema
EX "=
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia hyattiana
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia kalalauensis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia knudseni
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia lirata
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia lymani
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia mirabilis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia necra
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia olivacea
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia paradoxa
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia periscelis
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia pilsbryi
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia sinclairi
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia tenebrosa
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Carelia turricula
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family ARIOPHANTIDAE
Vitrinula chaunax
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Vitrinula chichijimana
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Vitrinula hahajimana
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Family CAMAENIDAE
Pleurodonte desidens
EX ^
Martinique
Family CERASTUIDAE
Rhachis comorensis
EX '"
Mayotte
Rhachis sanguineus
EX '"
Mauritius
Family CHAROPIDAE
Helenoconcha leptalea
EX '■'
St Helena
Helenoconcha minutissima
EX '"
St Helena
Helenoconcha polyodon
EX '"
St Helena
Helenoconcha pseustes
EX '"
St Helena
Helenoconcha sexdentata
EX '"
St Helena
Helenodiscus bilamellata
EX '"
St Helena
Helenodiscus vernoni
EX '"
St Helena
Libera subcavemula
EX '"
Cook Islands
Libera tumuloides
EX ■"
Cook Islands
Mautodontha acuticosta
EX '"
French Polynesia
Mautodontha consimilis
EX '»
French Polynesia
Mautodontha consobrina
EX '"
French Polynesia
Mautodontha maupiensis
EX '"
French Polynesia
Mautodontha parvidens
EX "■'
French Polynesia
Mautodontha punctiperforata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Mautodontha saintjohni
EX ""
French Polynesia
Mautodontha subtilis
EX ■"
French Polynesia
Mautodontha unilamellata
EX ""
Cook Islands
Sinployea canalis
EX '"
Cook Islands
Sinployea decorticata
EX '"
Cook Islands
Sinployea harveyensis
EX '"
Cook Islands
189
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild
Sinployea otareae
EX '"
Cook Islands
Sinployea planospira
EX '"
Cook Islands
Sinployea proxima
EX '"
Cook Islands
Sinployea rudis
EX '"
Cook Islands
Sinployea tenuicostata
EX '"
Cook Islands
Sinployea youngi
EX '"
Cook Islands
Taipidon anceyana
EX ""
French Polynesia
Taipidon marquesana
EX '»
French Polynesia
Taipidon octolamellata
EX "■'
French Polynesia
Thaumatodon multilamellata
EX '"
Cook Islands
Family DISCIDAE
Discus guerinianus
EX '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Family ENDODONTIDAE
Hirasea planulata
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mautodontha zebrina
EX '"
Cook Islands
Pseudocampylaea dianae
EX '"
St Helena
Pseudocampylaea laetissima
EX '"
St Helena
Pseudocampylaea persoluta
EX '"
St Helena
Pseudocampylaea spurca
EX '"
St Helena
Family EUCONULIDAE
Caldwellia philyrina
EX "■■
Mauritius
Colparion madgei
EX "
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Ctenoglypta newtoni
EX "
Mauritius
Dupontia proletaria
EX ™
Mauritius, Reunion
Pachystyla rufozonata
EX ™
Mauritius
Family HELICARIONIDAE
Advena campbelli
EX '"
Norfolk Island
Diastole matafaoi
EX '"
American Samoa
Erepta nevilli
EX '"
Mauritius
Harmogenanina linophora
EX ™
Mauritius, Reunion
Harmogenanina subdetecta
EX '"
Reunion
Nancibella quintalia
EX '"
Norfolk Island
Panulena perrugosa
EX '"
Norfolk Island
Quintalia flosculus
EX '"
Norfolk Island
Quintalia stoddartii
EX '"
Norfolk Island
Family HELICIDAE
Pseudocampylaea loweii
EX '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Family HYGROMimAE
Trochoidea picardi
EX "
Israel
Family MEGALOBULIMIDAE
Megalolulimus cardosoi
EX '»»
Brazil
Family OLEACINIDAE
Oleacina guadeloupensis
EX ^''
Guadeloupe
Family ORTHALICmAE
Leucocharis loyaltiensis
EX '"
New Caledonia
Leucocharis porphyrocheila
EX '"
New Caledonia
Placostylus cuniculinsulae
EX "»
Australia
Family PARTULmAE
Partula affinis
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula approximata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula arguta
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula atilis
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula attenuata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula aurantia
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula auriculata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula bilineata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula callifera
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula Candida
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula castanea
EX "=
French Polynesia
Partula cedista
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula citrina
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula compacta
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula crassilabris
EX '"
French Polynesia
190
Molluscs: snails
Partula cuneata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula cytherea
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula dentifera
EW «
French Polynesia
Partula dolichostoma
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula dolorosa
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula eremita
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula exigua
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula f aba
EW "
French Polynesia
Partula formosa
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula fusea
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula garretti
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula hebe
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula imperforata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula jackieburchi
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula labrusca
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula leptochila
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula levilineata
EX ■■'
French Polynesia
Partula levistriala
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula lutea
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula microstoma
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula mirabilis
EW ">
French Polynesia
Partula mooreana
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula nodosa
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula planilabrum
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula producta
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula protea
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula protracta
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula radiata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula raiatensis
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula remota
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula robusta
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula rustica
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula sagitta
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula salifana
Mount Alifana Partula
EX '"
Guam
Partula thalia
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula tohiveana
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula tristis
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula turgida
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula umbilicata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula variabilis
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula vittata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Family PUPILLmAE
Gastrocopta chichijimana
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Gastrocopta ogasawarana
EX '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Leiostyla lamellosa
EX '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Lyropupa perlonga
EX '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa turtoni
EX '"
St Helena
Pupilla obliquicosta
EX '"
St Helena
Family STREPTAXmAE
Gibbus lyonetianus
EX ™
Mauritius
Gonidomus newtoni
EX "
Mauritius
Gonospira nevilli
EX "
Mauritius
Gulella mayottensis
EX '"
Mayotte
Gulella thomasetti
EX '"
Seychelles
Family SUBULEVroAE
Chilonopsis blofeldi
EX '"
St Helena
Chilonopsis exulatus
EX '"
St Helena
Chilonopsis helena
EX '"
St Helena
Chilonopsis melanoides
EX '"
St Helena
191
Extinct and Extinct in the Wild
Chilonopsis nonpareil
EX •"
St Helena
Chilonopsis subplicatus
EX '"
St Helena
Chilonopsis subtruncatus
EX '"
St Helena
Chilonopsis turtoni
EX ■"
St Helena
Family VERTIGINIDAE
Campolaemus perexilis
EX '"
St Helena
Class TURBELLARIA
Order TRICLADIDA
Family KENKIIDAE
Romankenkius pedderensis
Lake Pedder Planarian
EX ■"
Australia
192
Lists
Data Deficient
Class MAMMALIA
Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA
Family DIDELPHIDAE
Gracilinanus kalinowskii "'
Peru
Gracilinanus longicaudis '^'
Colombia
Gracilinanus perijae '-'
Colombia
Marmosa canescens '-'
Mexico
Marmosa tyleriana '^'
Venezuela
Order DASYUROMORPfflA
Family DASYURIDAE
Antechinomys laniger "
Kultarr
Australia
Antechinus habbema "
Habbema Antechinus
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Antechinus naso "
Long-nosed Antechinus
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Antechinus sp. "
Normanby Antechinus
Papua New Guinea
Antechinus wilhelmina "
Lesser Antechinus
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Murexia rothschildi "
Broad-striped Dasyure
Papua New Guinea
Phascolosorex doriae "
Red-bellied Dasyure
Indonesia
Sminthopsis fuliginosus "
Australia
Sminthopsis leucopus "
White-footed Dunnart
Australia
Order PERAMELEMORPfflA
Family PERORYCTIDAE
Echymipera clara "
Clara's Echymipera
Indonesia
Echymipera davidi "
David's Echymipera
Papua New Guinea
Echymipera echinista "
Menzies' Echymipera
Papua New Guinea
Microperoryctes murina "
Mouse Bandicoot
Indonesia
Microperoryctes papuensis "
Papuan Bandicoot
Papua New Guinea
Peroryctes broadbenti "
Giant Bandicoot
Papua New Guinea
Rhynchomeles prattorum "
Ceram Bandicoot
Indonesia
Order DIPROTODONTIA
Family PHALANGERIDAE
Ailurops ursinus "
Bear Phalanger
Indonesia
Phalanger alexandrae "
Gebe Cuscus
Indonesia
Spilocuscus papuensis "
Waigeo Cuscus
Indonesia
Strigocuscus celebensis "
Small Cuscus
Indonesia
Strigocuscus gymnotis "
Ground Cuscus
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Family MACROPODroAE
Dendrolagus inustus "
Grizzled Tree-kangaroo
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Dendrolagus spadix "
Lowland Tree-kangaroo
Papua New Guinea
Dendrolagus ursinus "
VogeUcopTree-kangaroo
Indonesia
Family PSEUDGCHEnODAE
Pseudocheirus canescens "
Lowland Ringtail
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Pseudocheirus schlegeli "
Arfak Ringtail
Indonesia
Pseudochirulus caroli "
Weyland Ringtail
Indonesia
Order XENARTHRA
Family MEGALONYCHIDAE
Choloepus didactylus "
Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Peru, Surinarae, Venezuela
Choloepus hoffmanni "
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama,
Peru, Venezuela
Family DASYPODIDAE
Cabassous centralis "
Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama
Cabassous chacoensis "
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
Dasypus sabanicola "
Colombia, Venezuela
Zaedyus pichiy "
Argentina, Chile
Order INSECTTVORA
Family SORICroAE
Crocidura armenica "
Armenia
Crocidura minuta *
Indonesia
Crocidura religosa *
Egyptian Pygmy Shrew
Egypt
Crocidura shantungensis "
China
Sorex excelsus *
China, Nepal?
Suncus malayanus *
Malaysia, Thailand
Order CHIROPTERA
Family PTEROPODIDAE
Pteropus argentatus "
Silvery Fruit Bat
Indonesia
193
Data Deficient
Pteropus mearnsi *-
Philippines
Family RHINOLOPHIDAE
Coelops hirsutus *
Philippines
Hipposideros crumeniferus "
Indonesia
Hipposideros doriae "
Malaysia
Hipposideros lamottei '-
Guinea
Hipposideros pomona '-
China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Thailand
Rhinolophus adami "
Congo
Rhinolophus anderseni "
Philippines
Rhinolophus deckenii ■■-
Angola, Botswana, Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia, South
Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
Rhinolophus inops *-
Philippines
Rhinolophus mitratus '^
India
Rhinolophus osgoodi "
China
Rhinolophus subbadius "
India, Myanmar, Nepal, Viet Nam
Family PHYLLOSTOMmAE
Anoura luismanueli "
Venezuela
Artibeus incomitatus '-
El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua
Family VESPERTILIONIDAE
Chalinolobus kenyacola '-
Kenya
Eptesicus flavescens *^
Angola, Burundi
Eptesicus kobayashii '■
North Korea, South Korea
Eptesicus tatei "
India
Kerivoula aerosa "
South Africa?
Kerivoula africana '-
Tanzania
Murinafusca*-
China
Murina tenebrosa "
Japan
Myotis abei "
Russia
Myotis australis "
Australia
Myotis fimbriatus "
China
Myotis hermanni "
Indonesia?
Myotis insularum '-
American Samoa?, Western Samoa?
Myotis longipes '-
Afghanistan, India, Viet Nam?
Myotis oreias "
Singapore
Myotis ozensis "
Japan
Myotis schaubi '-
Armenia (ex?), Hungary (ex), Iran?
Pipistrellus aero '-
Ethiopia?, Kenya
Pipistrellus endoi "
Japan
Pipistrellus lophurus "
Myanmar, Thailand
Pipistrellus minahassae '■
Indonesia
Pipistrellus peguensis "
Myanmar
Pipistrellus permixtus "
Tanzania
Pipistrellus societatis *-
Malaysia
Scotomanes emarginatus "
India?
Scotophilus celebensis "
Indonesia
Family MOLOSSIDAE
Myopterus daubentonii *-
Cote d'lvoire, Senegal, Zaire
Order PRIMATES
Family GALAGONffiAE
Galagoides granti '"
Grant's Dwarf Galago
Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe
Galagoides orinus '■"
Amani Dwarf Galago
Tanzania
Galagoides rondoensis ""
Rondo Dwarf Galago
Tanzania
Galagoides udzungwensis '*'
Matundu Dwarf Galago
Tanzania
Family TARSimAE
Tarsius dianae '"
Indonesia
Tarsius pelengensis '"
Indonesia
Tarsius pumilus '"
Lesser Spectral Tarsier
Indonesia
Tarsius sangirensis '"
Indonesia
Tarsius spectrum '"
Spectral Tarsier
Indonesia
Family CALLITRICHmAE
Callithrix saterei '"
Brazil
Family CEBIDAE
Aotus hershkovitzi '"
Colombia
Callicebus olallae '"
Beni Titi Monkey
Bolivia
Family CERCOPITHECmAE
Cercopithecus dryas '"
Dryas Monkey
Zaire
Macaco ochreata '"
Booted Macaque
Indonesia
Presbytis fredericae '"
Javan Fuscous Leaf Monkey
Indonesia
Presbytis frontata '■"
White-fronted Leaf Monkey
Indonesia, Malaysia
Trachypithecus geei '"
Golden Langur
Bhutan, India
Trachypithecus laotum ""
Laos, Viet Nam
Trachypithecus phayrei '"
Bangladesh?, China, India?, Laos,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family HYLOBATIDAE
Hylobates gabriellae '"
Buff-cheeked Gibbon
Laos, Viet Nam
Hylobates hoolock ""
Hoolock Gibbon
Bangladesh, China, India, Laos?,
Myanmar
194
Mammals
^
Hylobates leucogenys "'
China, Laos, Viet Nam
Order CARNIVORA
Family CANIDAE
Dusicyon microtis "
Small-eared Zorro
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
Dusicyon sechurae ^
Sechuran Zorro
Ecuador, Peru
Dusicyon vetulus "
Hoary Zorro
Brazil
Fennecus zerda "
Fennec Fox
Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali,
Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Saudi
Arabia?, Sudan, Tunisia?
Vulpes bengalensis "
Bengal Fox
India, Nepal, Pakistan
Vulpes cana "
Blanford's Fox
Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Israel,
Jordan, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Turkmenistan, United Arab
Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen?
Vulpes corsac "
Corsac Fox
Afghanistan, China, India, Iran?,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan?, Mongolia,
Pakistan?, Russia?, Turkmenistan?,
Uzbekistan?
Vulpes pallida ^
Pale Fox
Benin?, Burkina Faso?, Cameroon?,
Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Mali,
Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sudan
Vulpes rueppelli ^
Ruppell's Fox
Afghanistan, Algeria, Chad, Egypt,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Libya,
Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger,
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia?
Family FELffiAE
Felisbieti"
Chinese Desert Cat
China
Pardofelis marmorata "
Marbled Cat
Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Viet Nam
Prionailurus rubiginosus "
Rusty-spotted Cat
India, Sri Lanka
Family MUSTELmAE
Mustela africana '"
Tropical Weasel
Brazil, Colombia?, Ecuador, Peru
Family PROCYONTOAE
Nasuella olivacea '"
Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
Family URSIDAE
Helarctos malayanus "
Sun Bear
Brunei, Cambodia, China, India,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family VIVERRIDAE
Genetta abyssinica '"
Abyssinian Genet
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia
Genetta johnstoni '"
Johnston's Genet
Cote d'lvoire, Guinea, Liberia
Mungos gambianus '"
Gambian Mongoose
Cote d'lvoire, Gambia, Ghana,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Togo
Osbornictis piscivora '"
Zaire
Order CETACEA
Family BALAENOPTERroAE
Balaenoptera edeni"
Bryde's Whale
[Atlantic (eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central), Indian Ocean (eastem,
westem). Pacific (eastem central,
northeast, southeast, southwest,
westem central)]
Family DELPHINIDAE
Cephalorhynchus commersonii "
Commerson's Dolphin
Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands,
French Southem and Antarctic
Territories (Kerguelen Is)
[Atlantic (southwest), Indian Ocean
(Antarctic), Pacific (southeast)]
Cephalorhynchus eutropia "
Black Dolphin
Chile
[Pacific (southeast)]
Cephalorhynchus heavisidii "
Heaviside's Dolphin
Angola?, Namibia, South Africa
[Atlantic (southeast)]
Feresa attenuata "'
Pygmy Killer Whale
[Atlantic (eastem central, southeast,
southwest, westem central), Indian
Ocean (eastem, westem),
Mediterranean and Black Sea,
Pacific (eastem central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central)]
Grampus griseus "
Risso's Dolphin
[Atlantic (eastem central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
westem central), Indian Ocean
(eastem, westem). Pacific (eastem
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, westem
central)]
Lagenodelphis hosei "
Fraser's Dolphin
[Atlantic (eastem central, southeast,
southwest, westem central), Indian
Ocean (eastem, western). Pacific
(eastem central, northwest, southeast,
westem central)]
Lagenorhynchus australis "
Peale's Dolphin
Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands
[Atlantic (southwest). Pacific
(southeast)]
Lagenorhynchus obscurus *'
Dusky Dolphin
Argentina, Chile, Falkland Islands,
French Southem and Antarctic
Territories (Kerguelen Is), New
Zealand (Auckland Is, Campbell Id),
Peru, South Africa
[Atlantic (southeast, southwest).
Pacific (southeast, southwest)]
Lissodelphis peronii "
Southem Right Whale Dolphin
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastem, westem). Pacific (Antarctic,
southeast, southwest)]
Orcaella brevirostris "
Irrawaddy Dolphin
Australia, Bangladesh, Bmnei?,
Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos?,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New
Guinea, Philippines?, Singapore?,
Thailand, Viet Nam
[Indian Ocean (eastem). Pacific
(westem central)]
[R. Brahmaputra, R. Ganges, R.
Irrawaddy]
195
Data Deficient
Sotalia fluviatilis "
Tucuxi
Bolivia?, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,
French Guiana, Guyana, Panama,
Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, Venezuela
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
[R. Amazon]
Sousa chinensis "
Indo-Pacific Hump-backed Dolphin
Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Brunei, Cambodia, China, Djibouti,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Hong Kong, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya,
Kuwait, Madagascar, Malaysia,
Mozambique, Myanmar, Oman,
Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand,
United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam,
Yemen
[Atlantic (southeast), Indian Ocean
(eastern, western). Pacific
(northwest, southwest, western
central)]
Sousa teuszii "
Atlantic Hump-backed Dolphin
Angola?, Benin, Cameroon, Congo?,
Cote d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea?,
Gabon?, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Togo, Zaire?
[Atlantic (eastern central, southeast)]
StenelUi clymene "
Clymene Dolphin
[Atlantic (eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Stenella frontalis"
Atlantic Spotted Dolphin
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central)]
Steno bredanensis "
Rough-toothed Dolphin
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
southeast, southwest, western
central), Indian Ocean (eastern,
western), Mediterranean and Black
Sea, Pacific (eastern central,
northeast, northwest, southeast,
southwest, western central)]
TuTsiops truncatus *'
Bottlenose Dolphin
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Indian Ocean
(eastem, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Family MONODONTIDAE
Monodon monoceros "
Narwhal
Canada, Greenland, Iceland?,
Norway, Russia, USA
[Arctic Sea, Atlantic (northeast,
northwest)]
Family PHOCOENIDAE
Australophocaena dioptrica *'
Spectacled Porpoise
Argentina, Australia, Chile, Falkland
Islands, French Southern and
Antarctic Territories (Kerguelen Is),
New Zealand (Auckland Is), Uruguay
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southwest),
Indian Ocean (Antarctic, eastem).
Pacific (southeast, southwest)]
Neophocaena phocaenoides "
Finless Porpoise
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei?,
Cambodia, China, Hong Kong?,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan,
Kuwait, Malaysia, Myanmar, North
Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore?,
South Africa?, South Korea, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United
Arab Emirates, Viet Nam
[Indian Ocean (eastem, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
[freshwater Indo-Pacific]
Phocoena spinipinnis "
Burmeister's Porpoise
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru,
Uruguay
[Atlantic (southwest). Pacific
(southeast)]
Family PLATANISXroAE
Pontoporia blainvillei ■"
La Plata River Dolphin
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
[Atlantic (southwest)]
[La Plata estuary and adjacent rivers]
Family ZIPfflmAE
Mesoplodon bidens "
Sowerby's Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (eastem central, northeast,
northwest)]
Mesoplodon bowdoini"
Andrews' Beaked Whale
[Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific
(southwest)]
Mesoplodon carlhubbsi"
Hubbs' Beaked Whale
[Pacific (eastem central, northeast,
northwest)]
Mesoplodon densirostris "'
Blainville's Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (eastem central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Indian Ocean
(eastern, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastem
central, northwest, southeast,
southwest, western central)]
Mesoplodon europaeus "
Gervais' Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (northwest, westem
central)]
Mesoplodon ginkgodens *'
Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale
[Indian Ocean (eastem, westem).
Pacific (eastem central, northwest,
southwest, westem central)]
Mesoplodon grayi "
Gray's Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastem, westem). Pacific (southeast,
southwest)]
Mesoplodon hectori •"
Hector's Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (southeast, southwest),
Indian Ocean (eastem). Pacific
(eastem central, southeast,
southwest)]
Mesoplodon layardii "
Strap-toothed Whale
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastem, westem). Pacific (southeast,
southwest)]
Mesoplodon minis ■"
True's Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (northeast, northwest,
southeast, westem central), Indian
Ocean (eastern)]
Mesoplodon pacificus "
Indo-Pacific Beaked Whale
Australia, Somalia
[Indian Ocean (westem). Pacific
(westem central)]
Mesoplodon peruvianas *'
Lesser Beaked Whale
[Pacific (southeast)]
Mesoplodon stejnegeri "
Stejneger's Beaked Whale
[Pacific (eastem central, northeast,
northwest)]
196
Birds
Tasmacetus shepherdi "
Shepherd's Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (southwest), Indian Ocean
(eastern), Pacific (southeast,
southwest)]
Ziphius cavirostris "
Cuvier's Beaked Whale
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Indian Ocean
(eastern, western), Mediterranean
and Black Sea, Pacific (eastern
central, northeast, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Family CERVmAE
Cervus mariannus '*
Philippine Brown Deer
Guam [int], Japan [int]
(Ogasawara-gunto), Northern
Marianas [int], Philippines
Elaphodus cephalophus "
Tufted Deer
China, Myanmar
Hippocamelus antisensis "
North Andean Deer
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador
(ex?), Peru
Mazama chunyi "
Chunyi
Bolivia, Peru
Muntiacus feai "
Fea'sMuntjac
China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Muntiacus gongs hanensis "
Gongshan Muntjac
China, India, Myanmar?
Order RODENTIA
Family SCIURIDAE
Spermophilus townsendii '^
Townsend's Ground Squirrel
USA
Family DIPODIDAE
Salpingotus thomasi "
Afghanistan?
Sicista kazbegica '^'
Georgia, Russia
Sicista kluchorica "'
Russia
Sicista pseudonapaea '
Russia
Family MURffiAE
Apodemus alpicola '
Alpine Mouse
Austria, France, Italy, Switzerland
Apodemus hyrcanicus '"
Russia
Arborimus albipes '^
White-footed Vole
USA
Arborimus porno *^
California Red Tree Mouse
USA
Batomys dentatus ""
Philippines
Carpomys melanurus '^
Philippines
Carpomys phaeurus "
Philippines
Dicrostonyx exsul *-
St. Lawrence Id Collared Lemming
USA
Dicrostonyx nunatakensis '-
Ogilvie Mtns Collared Lemming
Canada
Lemniscomys hoogstraali '"
Sudan
Lophuromys cinereus '"
Zaire
Microtus abbreviatus '^
Insular Vole
USA
Mus mattheyi '"
Ghana
Oenomys hypoxanthus '"
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo,
Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire
Oryzomys melanotis "
Mexico
Oryzomys spodiurus *
Ecuador
Praomys jacksoni '"
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Gabon, Kenya,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia
Praomys montis '"
Kenya
Praomys peromyscus "■'
Kenya
Rattus timorensis "
Malaysia
Rhabdomys pumilio "'
Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia, South
Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Family DASYPROCTIDAE
Dasyprocta cristata "
Suriname
Dasyprocta kalinowskii "
Peru
Family ECHIMYIDAE
Echimys rhipidurus "
Peru
Isothrix pictus "
Brazil
Mesomys didelphoides "
Brazil
Mesomys obscurus "
Brazil
Order LAGOMORPHA
Family OCHOTONIDAE
Ochotona gaoligongensis '"
Gaoligong Pika
China
Ochotona muliensis '"
Muli Pika
China
Family LEPGRmAE
Lepus fagani ""
Ethiopian Hare
Ethiopia
Class AVES
Order TEVAMIFORMES
Family TINAMmAE
Tinamus osgoodi -'
Black Tinamou
Colombia, Peru
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES
Family HYDROBAXroAE
Oceanites gracilis -'
White-vented Storm-petrel
Chile, Ecuador
Oceanodroma hombyi ^'
Ringed Storm-petrel
Chile, Peru
197
Data Deficient
Oceanodroma markhami ^'
Markham's Storm-petrel
Peru
Oceanodroma matsudairae ^'
Matsudaira's Storm-petrel
Japan
Order PELECANBFORMES
Family
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax kenyoni -'
Kenyon's Shag
USA
Order FALCONIFORMES
Family ACCIPITRIDAE
Erythrotriorchis buergersi -'
Chestnut-shouldered Goshawk
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Spilornis kinabaluensis -'
Mountain Serpent-eagle
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Order GALLIFORMES
Family PHASIANffiAE
Francolinus nahani -'
Nahan's Francolin
Uganda, Zaire
Order GRUIFORMES
Family RALLIDAE
Coturnicops notatus -'
Speckled Crake
Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Megacrex inepta ■'
New Guinea Flightless Rail
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Rallina leucospila -'
White-striped Forest-rail
Indonesia
Rallina mayri -'
Mayr's Forest-rail
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Order CUCULIFORMES
Family CUCULIDAE
Cacomantis heinrichi "
Moluccan Cuckoo
Indonesia
Chrysococcyx nifomerus ■'
Green-cheeked Bronze-cuckoo
Indonesia
Order STRIGIFORMES
Family TYTONIDAE
Tyto inexspectata -'
Minahassa Masked-owl
Indonesia
Tyto sororcula -'
Lesser Masked-owl
Indonesia
Family STRIGIDAE
Uroglaux dimorpha -'
Papuan Hawk-owl
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Family PODARGIDAE
Batrachostomus auritus -'
Large Frogmouth
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Thailand
Batrachostomus harterti -'
Dulit Frogmouth
Indonesia, Malaysia
Batrachostomus mixtus "
Bomean Frogmouth
Indonesia, Malaysia
Batrachostomus poliolophus -'
Short-tailed Frogmouth
Indonesia
Family CAPRIMULGIDAE
Caprimutgus maculosus -'
Cayenne Nightjar
French Guiana
Caprimulgus pulchellus -'
Salvadori's Nightjar
Indonesia
Order APODIFORMES
Family APODIDAE
Apus sladeniae -'
Fernando Po Swift
Angola, Cameroon, Equatorial
Guinea, Nigeria
Collocalia orientalis -'
Mayr's Swiftlet
Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Cypseloides storeri -'
White-fronted Swift
Mexico
Family TROCHILroAE
Popelairia letitiae -'
Coppery Thomtail
Bolivia''
Order CORACIIFORMES
Family ALCEDINTOAE
Clytoceyx rex -'
Shovel-billed Kookaburra
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Tanysiptera hydrocharis "
Little Paradise-kingfisher
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Order PASSERIFORMES
Family FGRMICARimAE
Clytoctantes atrogularis -'
Rondonia Bushbird
Brazil
Pithys castanea -'
White-masked Antbird
Peru
Family HIRUNDINIDAE
Progne sinaloae -'
Sinaloa Martin
Mexico
Family PYCNONOTIDAE
Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii -'
Blue-wattled Bulbul
Brunei, Indonesia
Family MUSCICAPmAE
Androphobus viridis -'
Papuan Whipbird
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Apalis kaboboensis ^'
Kabobo Apalis
Zaire
Batis minima -'
Gabon Batis
Cameroon, Gabon
Bradypterus grandis "
Dja River Warbler
Cameroon, Gabon
Cisticola restrictus -'
Tana River Cisticola
Kenya, Somalia?
Garrulax austeni ^'
Brown-capped Laughingthrush
India, Myanmar
Malurus campbelli -'
Campbell's Fairywren
Papua New Guinea
Megalurulus grosvenori ^'
Bismarck Thicketbird
Papua New Guinea
Megalurulus llaneae -'
Bougainville Thicketbird
Papua New Guinea
198
Reptiles
5*
Monarcha menckei -'
White-breasted Monarch
Papua New Guinea
Muscicapa segregata -'
Sumba Brown Flycatcher
Indonesia
Petroica archboUi -'
Snow Mountain Robin
Indonesia
Poecilodryas placens -'
Olive-yellow Robin
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Prinia fluviatilis ^'
River Prinia
Cameroon, Chad, Mali, Niger,
Senegal
Rhipidura matthiae -'
Matthias Fantail
Papua New Guinea
Zoothera dumasi "
Moluccan Thrush
Indonesia
Family DICAEIDAE
Melanocharis arfakiana -'
Obscure Berrypecker
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Family ZOSTEROPmAE
Zosterops meeki -'
White-throated White-eye
Papua New Guinea
Family MELIPHAGmAE
Lichmera notabilis -'
Black-chested Honeyeater
Indonesia
Meliphaga vicina "
Tagula Honeyeater
Papua New Guinea
Myzomela albigula ^'
White-chinned Myzomela
Papua New Guinea
Myzomela kuehni -'
Crimson-hooded Myzomela
Indonesia
Philemon brassi ^'
Brass's Friarbird
Indonesia
Philemon fuscicapillus -'
Dusky Friarbird
Indonesia
Philemon kisserensis -'
Grey Friarbird
Indonesia
Family FRINGILLmAE
Carpodacus roborowskii^'
Tibetan Rosefmch
China
Leucosticte sillemi -'
Sillem's Mountain-finch
China
Loxia scotica -'
Scottish Crossbill
United Kingdom
Family PLOCEroAE
Ploceus victoriae -'
Entebbe Weaver
Uganda
Family ORIOLIDAE
Sphecotheres hypoleucus -'
Wetar Figbird
Indonesia
Family CRACTICIDAE
Cracticus louisiadensis ■'
Tagula Butcherbird
Papua New Guinea
Family PARADISAETOAE
Loboparadisea sericea -'
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Class REPTILIA
Order CROCODYLIA
Family CROCODYLIDAE
Crocodylus cataphractus "
African Slender-snouted Crocodile
Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso,
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad, Congo, Cote d'lvoire.
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia
(ex?), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau
(ex?), Liberia, Mali, Mauritania,
Nigeria, Senegal (ex?). Sierra Leone,
Tanzania, Togo, Zaire, Zambia
Crocodylus moreletii "
Morelet's Crocodile
Belize, Guatemala, Mexico
Tomistoma schlegelii "
False Gharial
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar?,
Thailand (ex?)
Order SAURIA
Family AGAMIDAE
Gonocephalus abbotti ""
Abbott's Crested Lizard
Thailand
Hydrosaurus pustulatus '"
Sail-fin Lizard
Philippines
Family ANGUffiAE
Celestus duquesneyi '"
Jamaica
Celestus fowleri ^'
Jamaica
Celestus microblepharis '*
Jamaica
Family GEKKONIDAE
Phyllodactylus melanostictus ""
Scarce Ground Gecko
Thailand
Phyllodactylus peringueyi '"
Peringueyi's Leaf-toed Gecko
South Africa?
Family IGUANIDAE
Liolaemus constanzae '"
Chile
Liolaemus cutis '"
Chile
Liolaemus donosoi '"
Chile
Liolaemus fuscus ""
Argentina, Chile
Liolaemus gravenhorsti '"
Chile
Liolaemus hellmichi ""
Chile
Liolaemus kuhlmanni '"'
Chile
Liolaemus lemniscatus '*'
Argentina, Chile
Liolaemus leopardinus '"
Chile
Liolaemus lorenzmuelleri '"
Chile
Liolaemus lutzae '"
Brazil
Liolaemus nitidus '"
Chile
Liolaemus paulinae '"
Chile
Liolaemus walkeri ""
Chile
Liolaemus zapallarensis '"
Chile
Pristidactylus alvaroi ""
Chile
Pristidactylus valeriae ""
Chile
Tropidurus tarapacensis ™
Chile
199
Data Deficient
Family LACERXmAE
Lacerta alpina "
Georgia, Russia
Family SCINCroAE
Barkudia insularis "'
Legless Skink
India
Isopachys gyldenstolpei '"
Gyldenstolpe's Worm Skink
Thailand
Lygosoma haroldyoungi '"
Banded Supple Skink
Thailand
Lygosoma koratense "'
Korat Supple Skink
Thailand
Oligosoma gracilicorpus "
Narrow-bodied Skink
New Zealand
Phoboscincus bocourti "
New Caledonia
Tribolonotus ponceleti "
Solomon Islands
Family TEIIDAE
Callopistes maculatus '"
Chile
Cnemidophorus hyperythrus '"
Orange-throated Whiptail
Mexico, USA
Order SERPENTES
Family ANILIIDAE
Anomochilus leonardi ""
Leonard's Pipe Snake
Malaysia
Family COLUBRmAE
Calamaria pfefferi "^
Pfeffer's Reed Snake
Japan
Elachistodon westermanni ""
Indian Egg-eating Snake
Bangladesh, India, Nepal
Elaphe situla "
Leopard Snake
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy,
Malta, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Oligodon nikhili '"
India
Opisthotropis spenceri '"
Smith's Mountain Keelback
Thailand
Parahelicops boonsongi ""
Boonsong's Keelback
Thailand
Pareas iwasakii '*'
Iwasaki's Snail-eater
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Philodryas chamissonis '"
Chile
Thamnophis hammondi "
Two-striped Garter Snake
Mexico, USA
Xenocalamus transvaalensis '*'
Transvaal Quillsnout Snake
Mozambique, South Africa
Family ELAPffiAE
Naja oxiana '"■
Central Asian Cobra
Afghanistan, India, Iran,
Kyrgyzstan?, Pakistan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Family VIPERffiAE
Trimeresurus cornutus '
Viet Nam
Order TESTUDINES
Family CHELmAE
Chelodina reimanni ""
Reimann's Snake-necked Turtle
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Elseya sp. 2 "'
Manning River Snapping Turtle
Australia
Elseya sp. 3 "'
Bellinger River Snapping Turtle
Australia
Family EMYDIDAE
Chinemys nigricans '"
Red-necked Pond Turtle
China, Viet Nam?
Cuora aurocapitata '"
Yellow-headed Box Turtle
China
Cuora mccordi "'
McCord's Box Turtle
China
Cuora pani '"
Pan's Box Turtle
China
Cuora yunnanensis '™
Yunnan Box Turtle
China
Cuora zhoui "'
Zhou's Box Turtle
China
Geoemyda yuwonoi '™
Sulawesi Forest Turtle
Indonesia
Kachuga sylhetensis '™
Assam Roofed Turtle
Bangladesh, India
Mauremys iversoni '"
Fujian Pond Turtle
China
Melanochelys trijuga "'
Indian Black Turtle
Bangladesh, British Indian Ocean
Territory, India, Maldives, Myanmar,
Nepal, Sri Lanka
Notochelys platynota '"
Malayan Flat-shelled Turtle
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar?, Thailand, Viet Nam
Ocadia glyphistoma '"
China
Ocadia philippeni "'
Philippen's Striped Turtle
China
Sacalia pseudocellata "'
Chinese False-eyed Turtle
China
Terrapene nelsoni "'
Spotted Box Turtle
Mexico
Family PELOMEDUSIDAE
Pelusios upembae '"
Upemba Mud Turtle
Zaire
Family PLATYSTERNIDAE
Platysternon megacephalum '™
Big-headed Turtle
China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Family TESTUDINIDAE
Kinixys erosa '"
Sertated Hinge-back Tortoise
Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Congo, Cote
d'lvoire. Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia,
Nigeria, Rwanda?, Sierra Leone,
Togo?, Uganda, Zaire
Kinixys homeana ''"'
Home's Hinge-back Tortoise
Benin?, Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire.
Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Nigeria, Togo?
Family TRIONYCHmAE
Lissemys scutala '"■
Burmese Flapshell Turtle
Myanmar
200
Amphibians ^C
Class AMPfflBIA
Order ANURA
Family BUTONroAE
Bufo atacamensis '"
Chile
Bufo chilensis '"
Chile
Family HYLIDAE
Hyla albolineata '"
Brazil
Hyla izecksohni '"
Brazil
Hyla langei '"
Brazil
Hyla secedens '"
Brazil
Phrynomedusa fimbriata '*^
Brazil
Family LEPTODACTYLroAE
Alsodes barrioi '"
Chile
Alsodes montanus '"
Chile
Alsodes nodosus '"
Chile
Alsodes tumultuosos ""
Chile
Alsodes vanzolinii ""
Chile
Caudiverbera caudiverbera '"
Chile
Eleutherodactylus eneidae '"
Puerto Rico
Eleutherodactylus jasperi ""
Golden Coqui Frog
Puerto Rico
Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus '
Haiti
Eupsophus insularis '"
Chile
Leptodactylus marambaiae '"
Brazil
Telmatobius halli '"
Chile
Telmatobius pefauri '"
Chile
Telmatobius peruvianus '"
Chile
Telmatobius zapahuirensis '
Chile
Telmatobufo australis '"
Chile
Telmatobufo buUocki '"
Chile
Telmatobufo venustus '"
Chile
Family MICROHYLIDAE
Hyophryne histrio ""
Brazil
Family MYOBATRACHmAE
Uperoleia orientalis '"
Alexandra Toadlet
Australia
Family RANIDAE
Cacosternum poyntoni '"
Poynton's Caco
South Africa
Rana aenea '"
Doichang Frog
Thailand
Rana fasciculispina "'
Spiny-breasted Giant Frog
Thailand
Rana kohchangae '"
Kohchang Frog
Thailand
Rana pyrenaica "
Spain
Rana tasanae '"
Smith's Wrinkled Frog
Thailand
Family RHINODERMATIDAE
Rhinoderma danvinii ""
Darwin's Toad
Chile
Rhinoderma rufum '"
Chile
Order CAUDATA
Family CRYPTOBRANCHroAE
Andrias davidianus ""
Chinese Giant Salamander
China, Taiwan [int]
Family HYNOBiroAE
Hynobius stejnegeri ""
Amber-coloured Salamander
Japan
Family PLETHODONTIDAE
Plethodon larselli "
Larch Mountain Salamander
USA
Typhlotriton spelaeus "
Grotto Salamander
USA
Family SALAMANDRIDAE
Neurergus crocatus "
Turkey
Neurergus strauchi "
Turkey
Triturus dobrogicus "
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary,
Romania, Russia?, Ukraine?,
Yugoslavia
Class
CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
Order
PETROMYZONTIFORMES
Family PETRGMYZONTmAE
Eudontomyzon mariae '"
Ukranian Brook Lamprey
Austria, Belarus?, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Georgia?, Hungary,
Moldova?, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Turkey?, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Lampetra macrostoma '"
Lake Lamprey
Canada
Mordacia lapicida '"
Chile
Class ELASMOBRANCHII
Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES
Family RHINCODONnDAE
Rhincodon typus "'
Whale Shark
[Atlantic (eastern central, southeast,
southwest, western central), Indian
Ocean (eastern, western). Pacific
(eastern central, northwest, southeast,
southwest, western central)]
Order RAJIFORMES
Family RAJffiAE
Bathyraja abyssicola "
Deepsea Skate
[Pacific (northeast, northwest)]
201
Data Deficient
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES
Family OSTEOGLOSSIDAE
Arapaima gigas '"
Pirarucu
Brazil, Guyana, Peru
Order CLUPEIFORMES
Family CLUPEffiAE
Alosa alosa ""
Allis Shad
Algeria, Belgium, Denmark, France,
Germany, Ireland, Italy?, Morocco,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland (ex). United Kingdom
Alosa fallax ""
Twaite Shad
Albania, Algeria, Belgium, Croatia,
Cyprus?, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Gibraltar?,
Greece, Ireland, Israel?, Italy, Latvia,
Lebanon?, Lithuania, Malta?,
Morocco, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria?,
Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia
Alosa maeotica '"
Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova?,
Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
Alosa pontica '"'
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Georgia, Hungary, Iran?,
Kazakhstan?, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Slovenia?, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Clupeoides papuensis '
Toothed River Herring
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Clupeonella abrau '"
Russia, Turkey
Clupeonella cultriventris ""
Azerbaijan?, Bulgaria, Georgia,
Iran?, Kazakhstan?, Moldova,
Romania, Russia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan?, Ukraine
Family ENGRAULmAE
Thryssa scratchleyi '"
Freshwater Anchovy
Australia
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPRINIDAE
Aaptosyax grypus ""
Laos, Thailand
Acanthorutilus meandricus '"
Turkey
Alburnus heckeli '"
Turkey
Aspius aspius ""
Asp
Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria,
Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Macedonia?, Moldova, Poland,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia?,
Sweden, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine, Uzbekistan?, Yugoslavia
Barbus albanicus '"
Albania?, Greece
Barbus cyclolepis '"
Armenia?, Azerbaijan?, Georgia?,
Greece, Iran?, Russia?, Turkey?,
Ukraine?
Barbus graceus ""
Albania, Greece
Barbus peloponnesius ""
Albania?, Greece, Macedonia?
Capoeta antalyensis '"'
Turkey
Chalcalburnus chalcoides '"
Danube Bleak
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia
[R. Danube]
Chalcalburnus tarichi '"
Turkey
[L. Van]
Chondrostoma kneri '"
Dalmation Nase
Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Croatia
Chondrostoma phoxinus ""
Minnow-Nase
Bosnia and Herzegovina?, Croatia
Cyprinus carpio "'
Wild Common Carp
Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Mongolia?, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Turkmenistan?, Ukraine, Uzbekistan,
Yugoslavia
Danio aequipinnulus '"
Sri Lanka
Garra phillipsi '"
Philipps' Garra
Sri Lanka
Gobio albipinnatus '"'
White-finned Gudgeon
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina?,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic?,
Hungary, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Slovakia?, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Gobio kessleri '"
Kessler's Gudgeon
Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Hungary, Moldova,
Poland?, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Gobio uranoscopus '"
Danube Gudgeon
Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy?,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
[R. Danube]
Hemitremia flammea''^
Flame Chub
USA
Leucaspius irideus ""
Turkey
Leuciscus borysthenicus '"
Black Sea Chub
Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece?,
Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey,
Ukraine
Leuciscus cephaloides ""
Turkey
Notropis hubbsi "
Bluehead Shiner
USA
Notropis jemezanus "
Rio Grande Shiner
Mexico, USA
Notropis oxyrhynchus "
Sharpnose Shiner
USA
Notropis semperasper "
Roughhead Shiner
USA
Notropis welaka "
Bluenose Shiner
USA
Pachychilon macedonicus "'
Greece
Paraphoxinus adspersus '"
Croatia
Paraphoxinus epiroticus '"'
Albania, Greece, Macedonia
Paraphoxinus minutus ""
Albania
Paraphoxinus pstrossi ""
Albania, Croatia
[R. Trebisnjica]
Pelecus cultratus '"
Ziege
Austria, Azerbaijan?, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, Georgia?,
202
Fishes: bony fishes
Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan,
Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden,
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Phoxinellus crassus '"
Turkey
Phoxinus percnurus ""
Swamp Minnow
Belarus, Estonia, Germany, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine
Probarbus labeamajor ""
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand
Probarbus labeaminor '"'
Laos, Thailand
Pseudophoxinus irideus '"'
Turkey
Puntius cataractae '*'
Philippines
[L. Lanao]
Rutilus frisii '"
Black Sea Roach
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
Georgia, Iran?, Kazakhstan?,
Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey,
Ukraine
Rutilus pigus '"'
Danube Roach
Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania,
Slovenia, Ukraine?
[R. Danube]
Rutilus ylikiensis ""
Greece
Scardinius racovitzai ""
Turkey
Semotilus lumbee "
Sandhills Chub
USA
Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus '"
Greece
Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus '*'
Greece
Tylognathus klatti ""
Turkey
Family COBITIDAE
Cobitis elongata '"
Balkan Loach
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary,
Romania, Slovenia, Turkey,
Yugoslavia
Cobitis hellenica ""
Greece
Cobitis marrocatia ""
Morocco
Cobitis megaspila '"
Bulgaria?, Moldova?, Romania
Cobitis romanica ""
Romanian Loach
Bulgaria?, Romania
Cobitis stephanidisi ""
Greece
Cobitis strumicae '"
Greece
Cobitis trichonica '"
Greece
Cobitis vardarensis '"
Greece
Leptobotia curta '"'
Ayumodoki
China, Japan
Sabanjewia aurata '"
Goldside Loach
Albania, Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Moldova,
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Family BALITORIDAE
Barbatula brandti ""
Georgia, Turkey
Barbatula bureschi ""
Greece, Turkey
Barbatula pulsiz ""
Turkey
Indoreonectes evezardi '"
India
Nemacheilus angorae ""
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria,
Turkey
Nemacheilus lendi ""
Turkey
Troglocobitis starostini ""
Turkmenistan
Turcinemacheilus kosswigi '"
Turkey
Family CATOSTOMIDAE
Moxostoma congestum '"
Gray Redhorse
Mexico, USA
Scartomyzon ariomus "
Bigeye Jumprock
USA
Order CHARACITORMES
Family CHARACIDAE
Catabasis acuminatus '"
Brazil
Cheirodon australe '"
Chile
Cheirodon galusdae "'
Chile
Cheirodon kiliani '"
Chile
Cheirodon pisciculus '"'
Chile
Stygichthys typhlops '*'
Brazil
Order SILURIFORMES
Family DIPLOMYSTIDAE
Diplomystes camposensis '"
Chile
Diplomystes nahuelbutensis '*'
Chile
Family ICTALURTOAE
Ictalurus australis "
Eagre del Panuco
Mexico
Ictalurus lupus "
Bagre Lobo
Mexico, USA
Noturus furiosus "
Carolina Madtom
USA
Family BAGRmAE
Austroglanis sclateri ""
Rock-catfish
South Africa
Pardiglanis tarabinii '*'
Giant Catfish
Somalia
[R. Jubba]
Family SELURTOAE
Siluris aristotelis '"
Aristotle's Catfish
Greece
Silurus furness ""
Malaysia
Family PANGASITOAE
Pangasius sanitwongsei '"'
Pla Thepa
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam
Family ARIIDAE
Ancharius brevibarbus '"
Vaona
Madagascar
Ancharius fuscus ""
Vaona
Madagascar
203
Data Deficient
Alius taylori '
Taylor's Catfish
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Cinetodus froggatti "'
Froggatt's Catfish
Australia
Tetranesodon conorhynchus '
Lorentz Catfish
Indonesia
Family PIMELODIDAE
Caecorhamdella brasilensis ""
Brazil
Pimelodella kronei '"
Brazil
Family TRICHOMYCTERIDAE
Bullockia maldonadoi ""
Chile
Eremophilus mutisii '"
Colombia
Nematogenys inermis '"
Chile
Phreatobius cistematum '"
Brazil
Trichomycterus areolatus '"'
Chile
Trichomycterus chaberti '"
Bolivia
Trichomycterus chiUoni ""
Chile
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family OSMERTOAE
Osmerus eperlanus '"
Smelt
Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Osmerus spectrum "
Pygmy Smelt
Canada, USA
Family GALAXITOAE
Aplochiton marinus '"
Chile
Brachygalaxias bullocki '"
Chile
Brachygalaxias gothei '"
Chile
Galaxias globiceps '"
Chile
Galaxias parvus "'
Swamp Galaxias
Australia
Neochanna diversus '"
Black Mudfish
New Zealand
Family SALMONmAE
Coregonus albula '"
Vendace
Belarus?, Czech Republic [int],
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France
[int], Germany, Ireland, Latvia,
Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia,
Slovakia [int], Sweden, United
Kingdom
Coregonus baunti ""
Russia
Coregonus lavaretus '"
Austria, Belarus?, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,
Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,
United Kingdom
Coregonus nasus ""
Large Bottom Whitefish
Austria, Canada, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, Russia, Sweden,
Switzerland, USA
Coregonus oxyrinchus '"
Houting
Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg?, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Russia, Sweden, United
Kingdom
Coregonus peled '"
Northern Whitefish
Finland, Russia, Sweden
Coregonus pidschian '"
Bottom Whitefish
Canada, Finland, Russia, Sweden,
USA
Coregonus trybomi '"'
Finland, Sweden
Oncorhynchus iwame ""
Iwame Trout
Japan
Salmo dentex '"
Croatia, Yugoslavia
Salmo marmoratus ""
Albania, Croatia, Italy, Slovenia,
Yugoslavia
Salmo montenegrinus '"
Albania, Yugoslavia
Salvelinus anaktuvukensis ''
Angayukaksurak Char
USA
Stenodus leucichthys ""
Azerbaijan, Canada, Kazakhstan,
Russia, Turkmenistan, USA
Order OPHIDIIFORMES
Family BYTHITmAE
Ogilbia galapagosensis '"
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Order ATHEREVIFORMES
Family ATHERINroAE
Atherina boyeri ""
Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus?,
Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy,
Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco,
Slovenia?, Spain, Syria, Tunisia,
Turkey, Yugoslavia
Austromenidia gracilis '"
Chile
Basilichthys microlepidotus "'
Chile
Bedotia geayi "*
Zona
Madagascar
Bedotia longianalis "*
Zona
Madagascar
Bedotia madagascariensis '™
Zona
Madagascar
Chilatherina bulolo '"
Bulolo Rainbowfish
Papua New Guinea
Chirostoma regani *'
Charal del Valle de Mexico
Mexico
Craterocephalus marianae "'
Magela Hardyhead
Australia
Craterocephalus pimatuae '
Pima Hardyhead
Papua New Guinea
Glossolepis pseudoincisus '
Tami River Rainbowfish
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Glossolepis ramuensis ""
Ramu Rainbowfish
Papua New Guinea
Melanotaenia ajamaruensis '
Ajamaru Lakes Rainbowfish
Indonesia
Melanotaenia angfa '
Yakati Rainbowfish
Indonesia
Melanotaenia corona '
Corona Rainbowfish
Indonesia
Melanotaenia exquisita '"
Exquisite Rainbowfish
Australia
204
Fishes: bony fishes
Melanotaenia herbertaxelrodi '
Lake Tebera Rainbowfish
Papua New Guinea
Melanotaenia monticola '"
Mountain Rainbowfish
Papua New Guinea
Melanotaenia ogilbyi ""
Ogilby's Rainbowfish
Indonesia
Melanotaenia pimanensis ""
Pima River Rainbowfish
Papua New Guinea
Melanotaenia praecox '
Dwarf Rainbowfish
Indonesia
Melanotaenia sexlineata '
Fly River Rainbowfish
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Melanotaenia vanheurni '"
Van Heum's Rainbowfish
Indonesia
Poblana ferdebueni *'
Mexico
Pseudomugil paskai '
Paska's Blue-Eye
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Rheocles lateralis "*
Zona
Madagascar
[R. Nosivolo]
Rheocles pellegrini ™
Zona
Madagascar
Teramulus kieneri "*
Vily
Madagascar
Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Family APLOCHEILIDAE
Rivulus robustus ■"
Rivulus Almirante
Mexico
Family CYPRBVODONTIDAE
Aphanius fasciatus '"
South European Toothcarp
Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Egypt, France, Germany, Israel,
Italy, Lebanon, Libya?, Malta?,
Morocco, Slovenia, Syria, Tunisia,
Turkey, Yugoslavia
Aphanius iberus ""
Spanish Toothcarp
Algeria, Morocco?, Spain, Tunisia?
Kosswigichthys asquamatus ""
Scaleless Killifish
Turkey
Orestias cuvieri '"
Bolivia, Peru
[L. Titicaca]
Orestias parinacotensis ""
Chile
[R. Lauca]
Family POECILIIDAE
Gambusia aestiputeus '"
Colombia (San Andres Id)
Gambusia speciosa "
USA
Poecilia vetiprovidentiae ""
Colombia (Isla de Providencia)
Poeciliopsis monacha "
Mexico
Xiphophorus clemenciae ■"
Espada de Clemencia
Mexico
Order BELONIFORMES
Family HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Nomoramphus celebensis '"'
Poso Halfbeak
Indonesia
[L. Poso]
Zenarchopterus alleni '
Allen's River Garfish
Indonesia
Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES
Family PEGASLDAE
Eurypegasus draconis "*
Madagascar
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, western central)]
Eurypegasus papilio ™
USA (Hawaiian Is)
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Pegasus lancifer '™
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern)]
Pegasus volitans "'
[Indian Ocean (eastern, western).
Pacific (northwest, southwest,
western central)]
Order SYNGNATHIFORMES
Family SYNGNATHIDAE
Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus '™
Banded Pipefish
[Indian Ocean (eastern, westem).
Pacific (northwest, westem central)]
Hippocampus bargibanti ""
Australia, New Caledonia
[Pacific (westem central)]
Hippocampus breviceps '™
Short-headed Seahorse
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern), Pacific
(southwest)]
Hippocampus minotaur ™
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern). Pacific
(southwest)]
Microphis caudocarinatus '
Slender Pipefish
Indonesia
Microphis spinachoides '
Spinach Pipefish
Papua New Guinea
Phycodorus eques ™
Leafy Seadragon
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern)]
Phyllopteryx taeniolatus ™
Weedy Seadragon
Australia
[Indian Ocean (eastern), Pacific
(southwest)]
Sygnathoides biaculeatus ™
Double-ended Pipefish
[Indian Ocean (eastern, westem).
Pacific (northwest, southwest,
western central)]
Syngnathus abaster '"
Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy,
Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco,
Saudi Arabia, Slovenia?, Spain,
Sudan?, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,
Yugoslavia
Syngnathus nigrolineatus '"
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine
Order SYNBRANCHIFORMES
Family SYNBRANCHIDAE
Monopterus indicus '*'
India
Ophisternon candidum "'
Blind Cave Eel
Australia
Typhlosynbranchus boueti '"
Liberia
Family MASTACEMBELmAE
Macrognathus aral '"'
Spiny Eel
India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka (ex)
205
Data Deficient
Order SCORPAENIFORMES
Family COTTIDAE
Cottus princeps "
Klamath Lake Sculpin
USA
Cottus tenuis "
Slender Sculpin
USA
Order PERCIFORMES
Family AMBASSIDAE
Ambassis agassizi '"
Agassiz's Perchlet
Australia
Parambassis altipinnis '
High-Finned Glass Perchlet
Indonesia
Tetracentrum caudovittatus '
Kokoda Glass Perchlet
Papua New Guinea
Family PERCICHTHYIDAE
Macquaria australasica '"
Macquarie Perch
Australia
Nannatherina balstoni ""
Balston's Pygmy Perch
Australia
Percichthys melanops '"
Chile
Percilia gillissi ""
Chile
Percilia irwini ""
Chile
Family SERRANIDAE
Epinephelus exsul "
Ten-spine Grouper
[Pacific (eastern central)]
Mycteroperca rubra "
Comb Grouper
[Atlantic (eastern central),
Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Family TERAPONTIDAE
Hannia greenwayi '"
Greenway's Grunter
Australia
Hephaestus obtusifrons ""
Striped Grunter
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
Hephaestus trimaculatus '
Threespot Grunter
Papua New Guinea
Scortum hilli "'
Leathery Grunter
Australia
Scortum parviceps '™
Small-Headed Grunter
Australia
Family CENTRARCHIDAE
Micropterus treculi "
Guadalupe Bass
USA
Family PERCIDAE
Etheostoma mariae "
Pinewoods Darter
USA
Gymnocephalus acerina '"
Belarus?, Hungary?, Moldova,
Poland?, Russia, Slovakia?, Ukraine
Gymnocephalus baloni '"
Balon's Ruffe
Austria, Bulgaria?, Czech Republic,
Germany, Hungary, Moldova?,
Romania, Slovakia, Yugoslavia
[R. Danube]
Perca schrenki ""
Balkhash Perch
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan?
Stizostedion marinum ""
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria?, Iran,
Kazakhstan?, Moldova?, Romania?,
Russia?, Turkmenistan, Ukraine
Stizostedion volgensis '"
Volga Zander
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary,
Moldova, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Family BLENNIIDAE
Entomacrodus cadenati '"
Sao Tome & Principe
[Atlantic (eastern central)]
Family ELEOTRIDAE
Bostrichthys aruensis ""
Island Gudgeon
Indonesia
Bostrichthys zonatus '
Barred Gudgeon
Indonesia
Eleotris sandwicensis "
Oopu
USA
Milyeringa Veritas '"
Blind Gudgeon
Australia
Oxyeleotris wisselensis '
Paniai Gudgeon
Indonesia
Family GGBimAE
Awaous stamineus "
Oopu Nakea
USA
Bathygobius burtoni '"
Sao Tome & Principe
[Atlantic (eastern centnral)]
Benthophiloides braunei ""
Bulgaria, Romania, Russia?, Ukraine
Glossogobius hoesei '
Hoese's Goby
Indonesia
Gobius tigrellus '
Tiger Goby
Indonesia
Knipowitschia goerneri "'
Greece
Knipowitschia milleri '"
Greece
Knipowitschia panizzai '"'
Albania, Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia
Lentipes concolor "
Oopu Alamoo
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Luciogobius albus '"
Japan
Luciogobius pallidus '"'
Japan
Mesogobius batrachocephalus '"
Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia,
Turkey, Ukraine
Neogobius fluviatilis ""
Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova,
Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
Neogobius gymnotrachelus ""
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Neogobius kessleri ""
Kessler's Goby
Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary,
Moldova, Romania, Slovakia,
Turkey, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Serbia)
Neogobius melanostomus ""
Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova?,
Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
Neogobius syrman '"
Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania,
Russia, Ukraine
Pomatoschistus canestrini ""
Canestrini's Goby
Albania?, Croatia, Italy, Yugoslavia?
206
Crustaceans ^f^~^
Schismatogobius deraniyagalai '"
Redneck Goby
India, Sri Lanka
Sicyopterus halei "'
Red-tailed Goby
Sri Lanka
Sicyopus jonklaasi '"
Lipstick Goby
Sri Lanka
Zosterisessor opiocephalus '"
Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus,
France, Greece, Italy, Malta,
Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Family XIPHimAE
Xiphiasgladius(C)'"
Swordfish
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, western central),
Mediterranean and Black Sea,
Pacific (eastern central, northwest,
southeast, southwest, western
central)]
Family SCOMBRIDAE
Thunnus alalunga (C) '"
Albacore Tuna
(Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central), Mediterranean and
Black Sea, Pacific (eastern central,
northeast, northwest, western
central)]
Thunnus thynnus (C) '"
Northern Bluefin Tuna
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southwest, western
central), Mediterranean and Black
Sea, Pacific (eastern central,
northwest)]
Order TETRAODONTIFORMES
Family TETRAODONTmAE
Lagocephalus gloveri '"
[Pacific (western central)]
Takifugu niphobles '"
[Pacific (northwest)]
Takifugu poecilonotus '"
[Pacific (northwest)]
Takifugu xanthopterus '"
[Pacific (northwest)]
Torguigener brevipinnis '"
[Pacific (western central)]
Class ARACHNIDA
Order ARANEAE
Family CTENIZIDAE
Cyclocosmia torreya ""
Torreya Trap-door Spider
USA
Family GNAPHOSmAE
Cesonia irvingi '"'
Key Gnaphosid Spider
Bahamas, USA
Family GRADUNGULIDAE
Spelungula cavemicola '*'
Nelson Cave Spider
New Zealand
Family HEXATHELmAE
Macrothele cretica ""
Greece
Family LEPTONETEDAE
Neoleptoneta myopica '"
Tooth Cave Spider
USA
Family LYCOSmAE
Lycosa ericeticola '*'
Rosemary Wolf Spider
USA
Order PSEUDOSCORPIONroA
Family PflEOBISiroAE
Tartarocreagris texana ""
Tooth Cave Pseudoscorpion
USA
Class CRUSTACEA
Order ANOSTRACA
Family STREPTOCEPHALIDAE
Streptocephalus kargesi "
Mexico
Order CALANOIDA
Family DIAPTOMroAE
Argyrodiaptomus neglectus '"
Brazil
Diaptomus rostripes '"
Germany
Eudiaptomus chappuisi ""
Morocco
Hemidiaptomus kummerloewei '"
Turkey
[Pool near L. Ilgaz]
Idiodiaptomus gracilipes '*'
Brazil
[Pool at Itapura]
Mastigodiaptomus amatitlanensis '■"
Guatemala
[L. Amatitlan]
Mastigodiaptomus montezumae '"
Mexico
Neutrodiaptomus formosus '"
Japan
Odontodiaptomus thomseni ""
Uruguay
[Pool near L. Chau]
Onychodiaptomus louisianensis '"
USA
Skistodiaptomus bogalusensis '■"
USA
Skistodiaptomus sinuatus ""
USA
Spelaeodiaptomus rouchi '■"
France
Tropodiaptomus falcatus '"
Kenya
Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis
143
Madagascar
Tropodiaptomus palustris '"
Burundi, Zaire
Tropodiaptomus purpureus '"
Burundi
Tropodiaptomus worthingtoni "'
Uganda, Zaire
Family TEMORroAE
Epischura massachusettsensis '"
USA
Order DECAPODA
Family COENOBITroAE
Birgus latro '^
Coconut Crab
American Samoa, Australia, British
Indian Ocean Territory, Christmas
Island, Cook Islands, Federated
States of Micronesia, Fiji, French
Polynesia, Guam, India (Andaman &
Nicobar Is), Indonesia, Japan
(Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-gunto),
Kiribati, Malaysia, Marshall Islands,
Mauritius (ex), Nauru, New
Caledonia, Nine, Northern
Marianas, Palau, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Seychelles, Solomon
207
Data Deficient
Islands, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand,
Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,
Western Samoa
Family PARASTACmAE
Astacoides betsileoensis ^
Orambanonga
Madagascar
Astacoides caldwelli '*
Madagascar
Astacoides granulimanus "
Orambato
Madagascar
Astacoides madagascariensis "
Madagascar Freshwater Crayfish
Madagascar
Cherax nucifraga "
Australia
Cherax parvus ^
Australia
Order HARPACTICOIDA
Family CANTHOCAMPTIDAE
Thermomesochra reducta '"
Malaysia
Order ISOPODA
Family ARMADILLIDAE
Echinodillo cavaticus ""
Australia
Order THORACICA
Family BALANffiAE
Armatobalanus nefrens '"
USA
Balanus aquila "<'
USA
Class INSECTA
Order HYMENOPTERA
Family MEGACHILIDAE
Chalicodoma pluto '"
Wallace's Giant Bee
Indonesia
Order LEPIDOPTERA
Family HESPERIIDAE
Dalla octomaculata '"
Eight-Spotted Skipper
Costa Rica, Panama
Family LASIOCAMProAE
Eriogaster catax '"
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain,
Yugoslavia
Family LYCAENIDAE
Poecilmitis pan "
South Africa
Family NYMPHALmAE
Hypodryas maturna '"
Scarce Fritillary
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic?,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Kazakhstan?, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Poland, Romania,
Russia, Sweden, Yugoslavia
Tirumala alba ""
China
Family PAPILIONIDAE
Atrophaneura palu "
Indonesia
Bhutanitis mansfieldi "
Mansfield's Three-tailed Swallowtail
China
Graphium aurivilliusi "
Zaire
Luehdorfia chinensis "
Chinese Luehdorfia
China
Ornithoptera tithonus "
Indonesia
Papilio antimachus "
African Giant Swallowtail
Angola, Benin?, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Congo, Cote
d' Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Togo?,
Uganda, Zaire
Papilio aristor "
Scarce Haitian Swallowtail
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Papilio caiguanabus "
Poey's Black Swallowtail
Cuba
Papilio garleppi "
Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana,
Guyana, Peru, Suriname
Papilio maroni "
French Guiana
Papilio morondavana "
Madagascan Emperor Swallowtail
Madagascar
Parides coelus "
French Guiana
Parides hahneli "
Hahnel's Amazonian Swallowtail
Brazil
Parides klagesi "
Venezuela
Parides pizarro "
Brazil, Peru
Parides steinbachi "
Bolivia
Teinopalpus aureus "
Golden Kaiser-I-Hind
China, Viet Nam?
Family SATURNIffiAE
Graellsia isabelae '"
Spanish Moon Moth
France, Spain
Family SPHINGmAE
Hyles hippophaes '"
Afghanistan?, Armenia?,
Azerbaijan?, China, France,
Georgia?, Germany, Greece, Iran,
Iraq?, Kazakhstan?, Kyrgyzstan?,
Mongolia, Pakistan?, Romania,
Spain, Switzerland, Syria,
Tajikistan?, Turkey, Turkmenistan?,
Uzbekistan?, Yugoslavia
Proserpinus proserpina '"
Willowherb Hawkmoth
Armenia?, Austria, Azerbaijan?,
Belgium, Bulgaria, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran,
Iraq?, Italy, Kazakhstan?, Lebanon,
Morocco, Portugal, Spain,
Switzerland, Syria?, Turkey,
Turkmenistan?, Uzbekistan
Order ODONATA
Family COENAGRIONIDAE
Aciagrion rarum '"
Angola
Ceriagrion mourae '-'
Mozambique
Enallagma polychromaticum '^
South Africa
Pseudagrion quadrioculatum '"
Zaire
Family LIBELLULIDAE
Aethiothemis watuliki '^
Congo
Anectothemis apicalis '-'
Zaire
Congothemis longistyla '"
Zaire
208
Molluscs : snails
Orthetrum rubens '"
South Africa
Urotkemis luciana '"
South Africa
Urothemis thomasi '"
Ethiopia, Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Somalia
Family PLATYCNEMIDroAE
Metacnemis angusta '"
South Africa
Order ORTHOPTERA
Family GRYLLOTALProAE
Gryllotalpa major '-'
Prairie Mole Cricket
USA
Family STENOPELMAXmAE
Deinacrida parva '"
Kaikoura Weta
New Zealand
Order PLECOPTERA
Family EUSTHENIIDAE
Eusthenia nothofagi ""
Otway Stonefly
Australia
Class MEROSTOMATA
Order XIPHOSURA
Family LIMULIDAE
Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda '"
Horseshoe Crab
India, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
Tachypleus gigas ""
Horseshoe Crab
India, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore, Thailand
Tachypleus tridentatus '"
Horseshoe Crab
China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
Philippines, Taiwan, Viet Nam
Class ONYCHOPHORA
Order ONYCHOPHORA
Family PERXPATOAE
Mesoperipatus tholloni '-^
Congo
Class POLYCHAETA
Order EUNICIDA
Family EUNICIDAE
Eunice viridis '"
Palolo Worm
[Pacific (western central)]
Class BIVALVIA
Order OSTREOIDA
Family PECTEVIDAE
Nodipecten magnificus *
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Order UNIONOmA
Family UNIONTOAE
Alasmidonta marginata -'
Canada, USA
Alasmidonta varicosa ■"
Canada, USA
Epioblasma florentina "
USA
Vnio turtoni '"
France
Class GASTROPODA
Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
Family HELICINIDAE
Ogasawarana arata '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana capsula '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana comes '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana discrepans '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana hirasei '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana microtheca '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana nitida '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana ogasawarana '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Ogasawarana optima '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Sturanyella carolinarum '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Sturanyella epicharis '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Family HYDROCENmAE
Georissa biangulata '"
Guam
Georissa elegans '"
Guam
Georissa laevigata '"
Guam
Georissa rufula '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Family NERITIDAE
Neritilia hawaiiensis '"
Anchialine Pool Snail
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Neritina cristata "
Cameroon, Cote d'lvoire, Gabon,
Sierra Leone
Neritina manoeli "
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Neritina natalensis "
Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, South
Africa, Tanzania
Theodoxus maresi "
Algeria, Morocco
Theodoxus numidicus "
Algeria, Morocco
Theodoxus transversalis '"
Austria, Bulgaria, Germany,
Hungary, Moldova, Romania,
Slovakia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia?
Family SKENETOAE
Teinsotoma fernandesi "
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Teinsotoma funiculatum '"
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Order BASOMMATOPHORA
Family GLACmORBIDAE
Glacidorbis pawpela '"
Australia
Glacidorbis pedderi '"
Australia
Family LYMNAETOAE
Myxas glutinosa '"
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Finland,
Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden,
Ukraine, United Kingdom
209
Data Deficient
Family PHYSmAE
Physella natricina '"
Snake River Physa Snail
USA
Family PLANORBIDAE
Camptoceras hirasei '"
Japan
Camptoceras rezvoji '"
Japan
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Family ACICULIDAE
Acicula hausdorfi '"
Greece
Platyla maaseni '"
Yugoslavia
Platyla microspira '"
Italy, Romania
Platyla orthostoma "^
Bulgaria
Platyla peloponnesica '"
Greece
Family AMPULLARIDAE
Lanistes graueri "
Zaire
Family ASSIMINEIDAE
Assiminea patauensis '"
Palau
Conacmella vagans '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Heteropoma fulva "'
Guam
Heteropoma glabratum '"
Guam
Heteropoma pyramis '"
Guam
Heteropoma quadrasi '"
Guam
Heteropoma tuberculatum '"
Guam
Heteropoma turritum '"
Guam
Kubaryia pilikia '"
Palau
Omphalotropis albocarinata '"
Norfolk Island
Omphalotropis carolinensis '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Omphalotropis cheynei '"
Palau
Omphalotropis cookei '"
Guam, Northern Marianas
Omphalotropis elegans '"
Guam
Omphalotropis elongatula '"
Guam
Omphalotropis erosa '"
Guam.
Omphalotropis fragilis '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Omphalotropis gracilis '"
Guam
Omphalotropis guamensis '"
Guam
Omphalotropis howeinsulae '"
Australia
Omphalotropis laevigata '"
Guam
Omphalotropis laticosta '"
Guam
Omphalotropis latilabris '"
Guam
Omphalotropis mutica '"
Palau
Omphalotropis ochthogyra '"
Guam
Omphalotropis picta '"
Guam
Omphalotropis pilosa '"
Guam
Omphalotropis quadrasi '"
Guam
Omphalotropis semicostata '"
Guam
Omphalotropis striatapila '"
Palau
Omphalotropis submaritima '"
Guam
Omphalotropis suteri '"
Norfolk Island
Omphalotropis suturalis '"
Guam
Omphalotropis tumidula '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Paludinella semperi '"
Marshall Islands, Palau
Ponapella pihapiha '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Quadrasiella clathrata '"
Guam
Quadrasiella mucronata '"
Guam
Thaanumella angulosa '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Thaanumella cookei ' "
Federated States of Micronesia
Wrayanna soluta '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Family BATILLARmAE
Batillaria mutata "
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Family CYCLOPHORIDAE
Cyathopoma nishinoi '"
Japan
Japonia hispida '"
Japan
Japonia shigetai '"
Japan
Japonia striatula ' "
Japan
Nobuea kurodai '"
Japan
Family DIPLOMMATINIDAE
Diplommatina alata '"
Palau
Diplommatina aurea '"
Palau
Diplommatina circumstomata '"
Japan
Diplommatina crassilabris '"
Palau
Diplommatina gibboni '"
Palau
Diplommatina inflatula '"
Palau
Diplommatina lamellata '"
Palau
Diplommatina lateralis '"
Japan
Diplommatina lutea "'
Palau
Diplommatina pyramis '"
Palau
Diplommatina ringens '"
Palau
Hungerfordia pelewensis '"
Palau
Palaina albata '"
Palau
Palaina dimorpha '"
Palau
Palaina dohrni '"
Palau
Palaina doliolum '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Palaina kubaryi '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Palaina moussoni '"
Palau
Palaina ovatula '"
Federated States of Micronesia
210
Molluscs: snails
Palaina patula '"
Palau
Palaina platycheilus '"
Palau
Palaina pupa "'
Palau
Palaina pusilla '"
Palau
Palaina rubella '"
Palau
Palaina scalarina '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Palaina strigata '"
Palau
Palaina striolata '"
Palau
Palaina taeniolata '"
Guam
Palaina wilsoni '"
Palau
Palaina xiphidium '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Pseudopalaina polymorpha '"
Palau
Family HYDROBimAE
Avenionia brevis •*
Belgium, France, Germany,
Netherlands
Belgrandiella komenskyi '"
Czech Republic
Bythiospeum alpinum '"
Switzerland
Cochliopina compacta ""
Mexico
Fluminicola avemalis '"
Moapa Pebblesnail
USA
Fluminicola columbiana '"
Columbia Pebblesnail
USA
Fluminicola meniami '"
Pahranagat Pebblesnail
USA
F antigens holsingeri '"
Tapered Cavesnail
USA
Hauffenia minuta ^
France, Switzerland
Iglica gratulabunda "
Austria
Neohoratia minuta '"
Switzerland
Paludinella conica '"
Guam, Northern Marianas
Paludinella minima '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Paludinella vitrea '"
Palau
Phrantela richardsoni '"
Australia
Pseudamnicola melUensis '"
Malta
Pyrgulopsis agarhecta '"
Ocmulgee Marstonia
USA
Pyrgulopsis bacchus '"
Grand Wash Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis bernardina '"
San Bemadino Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis '"
Bruneau Hot Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis castor '"
Beaver Pond Marstonia
USA
Pyrgulopsis chupaderae '"
Chupadera Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis conica '"
Kingman Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis crystalis '"
Crystal Spring Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis davisi '"
Davis County Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis erythropoma '"
Ash Meadows Pebblesnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis '"
Fairbanks Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis gilae '"
Gila Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis glandulosa '"
Verde Rim Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis idahoensis '"
Idaho Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis isolata '"
Elongate-gland Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis metcalfi '"
Presidio County Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis micrococcus '"
Oasis Valley Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis montezumensis '"
Montezuma Well Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis morrisoni '"
Page Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis nanus '"
Distal-gland Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis olivacea '"
Olive Marstonia
USA
Pyrgulopsis ozarkensis '"
Ozark Pyrg
USA
Pyrgulopsis pachyta '"
Armored Marstonia
USA
Pyrgulopsis pecosensis '"
Pecos Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis pisteri '"
Median-gland Nevada Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis robusta '"
Jackson Lake Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis roswellensis '"
Roswell Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis simplex '"
Fossil Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis sola '"
Brown Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis thermalis '"
New Mexico Hotspring Snail
USA
Pyrgulopsis thompsoni '"
Huachuca Springsnail
USA
Pyrgulopsis triviaUs '"
Three Forks Springsnail
USA
Somatogyrus amnicoloides '"
Oachita Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus aureus '"
Goldend Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus biangulatus '"
Angular Pebblesnail
USA
211
Data Deficient
Somatogyrus constrictus '"
Knotty Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus coosaensis '"
Coosa Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus crassilabris '"
Thick-lipped Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus crassus '"
Stocky Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus currierianus '"
Tennessee Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus decipiens '"
Hidden Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus excavatus '"
Ovate Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus hendersoni '"
Fluted Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus hinkleyi '"
Granite Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus humerosus '"
Atlas Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus nanus '"
Dwarf Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus obtusus '"
Moom Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus parvulus '"
Sparrow Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus pilsbryanus '"
Tallapoosa Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus pygmaeus '"
Pygmy Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus quadratus '"
Quadrate Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus sargenti '"
Mud Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus strengi '"
Rolling Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus tenax '"
Savannah Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus tennesseensis '
Opaque Pebblesnail
USA
Somatogyrus wheeleri '"
Channeled Pebblesnail
USA
Tryonia adamantina '"
Diamond Y Springsnail
USA
Tryonia alamosae '"
Alamosa Springsnail
USA
Tryonia angulata "
Sportingoods Tryonia
USA
Tryonia brunei -"
Brune's Tryonia
USA
Tryonia cheatumi -'
Phantom Tryonia
USA
Tryonia clathrata -'
Grated Tryonia
USA
Tryonia elata '*
Point of Rocks Tryonia
USA
Tryonia ericae -*
Minute Tryonia
USA
Tryonia gilae -*
Gila Tryonia
USA
Tryonia imitator -'
Mimic Tryonia
USA
Tryonia kosteri "
Koster's Tryonia
USA
Tryonia quitobaquitae -■*
Quitabaquito Tryonia
USA
Tryonia variegata ■'
Amargossa Tryonia
USA
Family LIAREIDAE
Cytora hirsutissima '"
New Zealand
Family MELANOFSmAE
Fagotia esperi '^
Austria, Belarus, Hungary, Moldova,
Slovakia, Ukraine
Family PLEUROCERIDAE
Elimia cahawbensis ™
Cahaba Elimia
USA
Elimia gerhardti "'
Coldwater Elimia
USA
Elimia variata '*'
Squat Elimia
USA
Family POMATIASIDAE
Chondropoma callipeplum '"
Nicaragua
Tropidophora carinata "
Mauritius, Reunion
Tropidophora michaudi ™
Mauritius
Family POTEMffiAE
Kondoraphe kiyokoae '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Ostodes brazieri '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Paramiella incisa '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Paramiella kondoi '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Family PUPESHDAE
Pupina brenchleyi '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Pupina complanata '"
Federated States of Micronesia,
Marshall Islands
Pupina difficilis '"
Palau
Family STROMBmAE
Lambis violacea "*
Mauritius
Family TRUNCATELLmAE
Taheitiaalata'"
Guam
Taheitia lamellicosta '"
Guam
Taheitia mariannarum '"
Guam
Taheitia parvula '"
Guam
Truncatella guerinii '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
212
Molluscs: snails
Family VALVATIDAE
Valvata utahensis '"
Utah Valvata
USA
Family VTVIPARIDAE
Tulotoma magnifica '"
Tulotoma
USA
Order NEOGASTROPODA
Family BUCCINIDAE
Paradoxa confirmata "
Sao Tome & Principe
Paradoxa thomensis "
Sao Tome & Principe
Family CONffiAE
Conus kohni "
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Family MARGINELLIDAE
Cysticus gutta "
Sao Tome & Principe
Cysticus josephinae "
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Gibberula cucuUata ''
Sao Tome & Principe
Gibberula modica "
Sao Tome & Principe
Gibberula puntiUum "
Sao Tome & Principe
Granulina parilis "
Sao Tome & Principe
Marginella chalmersi "
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Marginella gemma "
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Marginella liparozona "
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Marginella melvilli "
Sao Tome & Principe
Volvarina insulana '"
Sao Tome & Principe
Family MURICIDAE
Muricopsis mariangelae ''
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Muricopsis matildae "
Sao Tom6 & Principe (Sao Tome)
Muricopsis Principensis "
Sao Tome & Principe (Principe)
Neorapana grandis *
Ecuador (Galdpagos Is)
Family TURRffiAE
Agathothoma finalis "
Sao Tome & Principe
Crassispira sacerdotalis "
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Scaevatula amancicoi "
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Scaevatula peltisserpentis "
Sao Tome & Principe
Order STYLOMMATOPHORA
Family ACHATEVELLroAE
Auriculella ambusta "-'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Auriculella castanea '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Auriculella crassula '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Auriculella malleata '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Auriculella perpusilla '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Auriculella pulchra '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Auriculella tenella '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Elasmias jaurffreti ™
Mauritius (Rodrigues?)
Elasmias quadrasi '"
Guam, Northern Marianas
Lamellidea microstoma ' "
Guam, Northern Marianas
Lamellidea subcylindrica '"
Guam, Northern Marianas
Partulina dolei '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina dwightii "'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina jusoidea '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina kaaeana '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina nattii '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina porcellana "'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina talpina "*
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina terebra '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina ustulata '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Partulina virgulata "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Perdicella carinella '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Perdicella kuhnsi '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Perdicella omata "'
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Tomatellinops ponapensis '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Family ACHATEMIDAE
Achatina vignoniana '"
Gabon
Archachatina knorri '"
Liberia
Family ALYCAEffiAE
Awalycaeus akiratadai '"
Japan
Chamalychaeus expanstoma '"
Japan
Chamalychaeus miyazakii '"
Japan
Chamalychaeus takahashii '"
Japan
Chamalychaeus yanoshigehumii '"
Japan
Cipangochalax placeonovitas '"
Japan
Cipangocharax okamurai ' "
Japan
Family ARIONIDAE
Arion obesoductus '"
Austria
Arion simrothi '"
Germany
Arion vejdorskyi '"
Czech Republic
Binneya notabilis '"
Santa Barbara Shelled Slug
USA
Family BRADYBAENTOAE
Aegista inexpectata '"
Japan
Aegista intonsa '"
Japan
Euhadra murayamai '"
Japan
Euhadra nachicola '"
Japan
Euhadra sadoensis '"
Japan
Paraegista apoiensis '"
Japan
213
Data Deficient
Family CAMAENIDAE
Amplirhagada herbertena ""
Australia
Cristigibba wesselensis "
Australia
Eximiorhagada asperrima '"
Australia
Mandarina anijimana '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina aureola '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina chichijimana '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina exoptata '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina hahajimana '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina hirasei '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina luhuana '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina mandarina '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina polita '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina ponderosa '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Mandarina suenoae '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Noctepuna muensis '"
Australia
Papustyla pulcherrima '"
Papua New Guinea
Family CHAROPIDAE
Bischoffena bischoffensis '"
Australia
Coenocharopa yessabahensis '"
Australia
Cralopa kaputarensis '"
Australia
Dipnelix pertricosa '"
Australia
Discocharopa mimosa '"
Australia
Himeroconcha fusca '"
Guam
Himeroconcha lamlanensis '"
Guam
Himeroconcha quadrasi '"
Guam
Himeroconcha rotula '"
Guam
Jokajdon callizonus '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Jokajdon tumidulus '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Kubaryiellus kubaryi '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Ladronellum mariannanim '"
Guam
Letomola barrenensis '*"
Australia
Letomola contortus '"
Australia
Ngairea murphyi '"
Australia
Oreokera cumulus '"
Australia
Oreokera nimbus '"
Australia
Oreomava cannfluviatilus '"
Australia
Palikirus cosmetus '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Palikirus ponapicus '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Palline micramyla '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Palline notera '"
Palau
Planilaoma luckmanii '"
Australia
Radiodiscus coppingers ""
Argentina, Brazil, Chile
Radiodiscus iheringi '""
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay
Rhophodon kempseyensis '"
Australia
Rhophodon problematica "■'
Australia
Roimontis tolotomensis '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Russatus nigrescens '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Semperdon kororensis '"
Palau
Semperdon rotanus '"
Guam, Northern Marianas
Semperdon uncatus '"
Palau
Semperdon xyleborus '"
Palau
Sinployea kusaieana '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Trochogyra leptotera '^
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay,
Uruguay
Trukcharopa trukana '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Family CLAUSILimAE
Neophaedusa spelaeonis '"
Japan
Family COCHLICOPIDAE
Hypnophila remyi "
France
Family COELIAXIDAE
Pyrgina umbilicata "
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Thomea newtoni "
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Family DISCTOAE
Anguispira picta ""
Painted Snake-coiled Forest Snail
USA
Discus engonata '
Spain (Canary Is)
Discus macclintocki '"
Iowa Pleistocene Snail
USA
Family ENDODONTIDAE
Aaadonta angaurana '"
Palau
Aaadonta constricta '"
Palau
Aaadonta fuscozonata '"
Palau
Aaadonta irregularis '"
Palau
Aaadonta kinlochi '"
Palau
Aaadonta pelewana '"
Palau
Hirasea biconcava '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea eutheca '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea goniobasis '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea hypolia '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea major"'
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea mirabilis '"
Japan
Hirasea nesiotica '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Hirasea profundispira '"
Japan
Hirasea sinuosa '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
214
Molluscs: snails
Hirasiella clara '"
Japan (Ogasawara-gunto)
Family ENIDAE
Luchuena hachijoensis '"
Japan
Family EUCONULmAE
Dendrotrochus ponapensis '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Kusaiea frivola '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Lamprocystis denticulata '"
Guam, Northern Marianas
Lamprocystis fastigata '"
Guam, Northern Marianas
Lamprocystis hornbosteli '"
Northern Marianas
Lamprocystis misella '"
Guam
Liardetia tenuisculpta '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Palaua babelthimpi '"
Palau
Palaua margaritacea '"
Palau
Palaua minor '"
Palau
Palaua ngarduaisi ' "
Palau
Palaua straminea '"
Palau
Palaua wilsoni '"
Palau
Ryssota pachystoma '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Tengchiena euroxestus '"
Australia
Family FERUSSACIIDAE
Cecilioides nyctelia '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Family GEOMITRIDAE
Actinella laciniosa '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Lemniscia galeata '"
Portugal (Madeira)
Family HELICARIONmAE
Atrichotoxon usambarense "^
Tanzania
Elisolimax rufescens "-
Tanzania
Harmogenanina detecta ™
Reunion
Leptichnus bernardi "-
Tanzania
Sitala mazumbaiensis "-
Tanzania
Thapsia grandis '"
Tanzania
Thapsia microsculpta "^
Tanzania
Thapsia usambarensis "-
Tanzania
Trichotoxon martensi "^
Tanzania
Trochozonites usambarensis "-
Tanzania
Family HELICIDAE
Chilostoma ziegleri '"
Austria
Codringtonia codringtonia '"
Greece
Tacheocampylaea raspaili '"
France
Tacheocampylaea tacheoides "'
Italy
Family
HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE
Micrarionta gabbi '"
San Clemente Island Snail
USA
Monadenia troglodytes '"
Shasta Sideband
USA
Family HYGROMIIDAE
Halolimnohelix conradti "-
Tanzania
Petasina subtecta '"
Austria
Trichia biconica ' "
Switzerland
Trichia caelata '"
Switzerland
Trichia gramnicola '"
Germany
Trichia oreinos '"
Austria
Family LIMACIDAE
Deroceras fatrense '"
Slovakia
Family MILACIDAE
Tandonia nigra '"
Switzerland
Family OLEACEVTOAE
Streptostyla turgidula '"
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua
Streptostyla want '"
Nicaragua
Family ORCULmAE
Orcula austriaca '"
Austria
Orcula pseudodolium '"
Austria
Family ORTHALICIDAE
Bulimulus adelphus "•'
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Orthalicus reses '"
Stock Island Tree Snail
USA
Family PARTULffiAE
Samoana abbreviata ' "
American Samoa
Family POLYGYRmAE
Mesodon archeri '"
Archer's Toothed Land Snail
USA
Mesodon jonesianus '"
Jones' Middle-toothed Land Snail
USA
Mesodon magazinensis ' "
Magazine Mountain Middle-toothed
Snail
USA
Polygyriscus virginianus ' "
Virginia Fringed Mountain Snail
USA
Stenotrema hubrichti '"
USA
Stenotrema pilsbryi '"
Pilsbry's Narrow-apertured Land
Snail
USA
Triodopsis occidentalis '"
Western Three-toothed Land Snail
USA
Triodopsis platysayoides '"
Flat-spired Three-toothed Snail
USA
Vespericola karokorum '"
Karok Hesperion
USA
215
Data Deficient
Family PUNCimAE
Pasmaditta jungermanniae '
Australia
Family PUPILLIDAE
Leiostyla fuscidula ™
Portugal (Azores)
Lyropupa anceyana '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa clathratula '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa hawaiiensis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa lyrata '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa microthauma '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa mirabilis "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa prisca '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa rhabdota "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa scabra '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa spaldingi '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa spama "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa striatula "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa thaanumi '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Lyropupa truncata '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa alloia '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa anceyana "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa bacca '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa baldwini "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa bishopi '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa dispersa "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa dubitabilis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa eapensis '"
Palau
Nesopupa forbesi '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa infrequens '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa kauaiensis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa limatula '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa Utoralis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa newcombi '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa oahuensis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa plicifera '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa quadrasi '"
Guam
Nesopupa rodriguezensis "
Mauritius (Rodrigues?)
Nesopupa singularis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa subcentralis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa thaanumi '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa waianensis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Nesopupa wesleyana '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa acanthinula '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa boettgeri '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa frondicella '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa hystricella '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa incerta '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa lymaniana "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa molokaiensis '^
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa orycta '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pronesopupa sericata "
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Pupoidopsis hawaiensis '-
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Family RHYXmroAE
Delos oualanensis ' "
Federated States of Micronesia
Ougapia spaldingi '"
Australia
Paryphanta gilliesi '"
Gillies' Land Snail
New Zealand
Paryphanta hochstetteri '"
Hochstetter's Land Snail
New Zealand
Paryphanta lignaria '"
Woodformed Land Snail
New Zealand
Paryphanta rossiana '"
Ross' Land Snail
New Zealand
Paryphanta traversi '"
Travers' Land Snail
New Zealand
Family SAGDIDAE
Xenodiscula taintori '"
Guatemala, Nicaragua
Family STREPTAXmAE
Edentulina usambarensis "-
Tanzania
Gonaxis usambarensis "-
Tanzania
Gonaxis vosseleri "-
Tanzania
Gulella alleni "-
Tanzania
Gulella amaniensis "'
Tanzania
Gulella bomolensis "-
Tanzania
Gulella cuspidata "-
Tanzania
Gulella foliif era "-
Tanzania
Gulella greenwayi "-
Tanzania
Gulella grossa "-
Tanzania
Gulella inconspicua "-
Tanzania
Gulella intrusa "-
Tanzania
Gulella ludwigi "-
Tanzania
Gulella ndamanyiluensis "-
Tanzania
Gulella paucidens "■
Tanzania
Gulella translucida "-
Tanzania
Gulella unidentata "-
Tanzania
Gulella usambarica "■
Tanzania
Ptychotrema usambarense "-
Tanzania
216
Nemertine worms
Tayloria amaniensis "'
Tanzania
Tayloria angustistriata "-
Tanzania
Tayloria hyalinoides "-
Tanzania
Family SUBULDMroAE
Hypolysia connollyana "-
Tanzania
Hypolysia usambarica "-
Tanzania
Pseudoglessula acutissima "'
Tanzania
Pseudoglessula conradti "-
Tanzania
Subulina usambarica "-
Tanzania
Family SUCCIMEmAE
Succinea chittenangoensis '"
Chittenango Ovate Amber Snail
USA
Succinea guamensis '"
Guam
Succinea philippinica '"
Palau
Family THYROPHORELLroAE
Thyrophorella thomensis "
Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome)
Family VALLONITOAE
Acanthinula spinifera '
Spain (Canary Is)
Vallonia allamanica '"
Germany
Vallonia enniensis '"
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Is, Canary
Is), Switzerland, Ukraine
Vallonia suevica '"
Germany
Family VERTIGINIDAE
Nesopupa ponapica '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Truncatellina atomus *■
Spain (Canary Is)
Vertigo paradoxa '"
Canada, USA
Family ZONIXmAE
Brazieria entomostoma '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Brazieria erasa '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Brazieria lutaria '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Brazieria minuscula '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Brazieria obesa '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Brazieria velata '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Glyphyalinia pecki '"
USA
Hongolua kondorum '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Kondoa kondorum ' "
Federated States of Micronesia
Retinella stabilei '"
Italy
Trochomorpha approximata '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Trochomorpha carolinae '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Trochomorpha conoides '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Trochomorpha contigua '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Trochomorpha kuesteri '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Trochomorpha nigritella '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Videna electra '"
Palau
Videna oleacina '"
Palau
Videna pagodula '"
Palau
Videna pumila '"
Palau
Vitrea inae '"
Spain
Vitrea striata"^
Spain (Balearic Is)
Class ENOPLA
Order HOPLONEMERTEA
Family PROSORHOCHMIDAE
Argonemertes stocki "'
Australia
Geonemertes rodericana '"
Mauritius (Rodrigues)
Pantinonemertes agricola ""
Bermuda
Class ANTHOZOA
Order ACTEVIARIA
Family EDWARDSIIDAE
Edwardsia ivelli ""
Ivell's Sea Anemone
United Kingdom
217
Lists
Subspecies and populations
Class MAMMALIA
Order MONOTREMATA
Family TACHYGLOSSffiAE
Tachyglossus aculeatus
multiaculeatus
Short-beaked Echidna
LR " nt
Australia
Order DASYUROMORPHIA
Family DASYURmAE
Antechinus minimus maritimus
Swamp Antechinus
LR " nt
Australia
Antechinus swainsonii insulanus (S)
Dusky Antechinus
(Victoria population)
LR " nt
Australia
Dasyurus macuUuus gracilis
Spotted-tailed Quoll
EN " C2a
Australia
Dasyurus maculatus maculatus
Spotted-tailed Quoll
VU " Cl+2a
Australia
Phascogale tapoatafa pirata
Brush-tailed Phascogale
LR " nt
Australia
Phascogale tapoatafa tapoatafa
Brush-tailed Phascogale
LR " nt
Australia
Sminthopsis archeri (S)
Chestnut Dunnart
DD "
Australia
Sminthopsis griseoventer ssp.
Bollanger Id Dunnart
CR "
Bl+2e, C2b
Australia (Bollanger Id)
Sminthopsis murina tatei
Common Dunnart
LR " nt
Australia
Order PERAMELEMORPHL^
Family PERAMELIDAE
Isoodon auratus auratus
Golden Bandicoot
VU " Bl-^2e
Australia
Isoodon auratus barrowensis
Golden Bandicoot
VU " D2
Australia
Isoodon obesulus fusciventer
Quenda
LR " nt
Australia
Isoodon obesulus nauticus
Southern Brown Bandicoot
VU " D2
Australia
Isoodon obesulus obesulus
Southern Brown Bandicoot
LR " nt
Australia
Isoodon obesulus peninsulae
Southern Brown Bandicoot
LR " nt
Australia
Perameles hougainville bougainville
Western Barred Bandicoot
EN " Bl+3a
Australia
Perameles bougainville fasciata
Western Barred Bandicoot
EX "
Australia
Perameles gunnii gunnii
Eastern Barred Bandicoot
(Tasmanian population)
VU " Alb
Australia
Perameles gunnii ssp. (S)
(mainland population)
CR " Bl+2c, Dl
Australia
Order DIPROTODONTL^
Family VOMBATIDAE
Vombatus ursinus ursinus
Common Wombat
VU " D2
Australia
Family PHALANGERIDAE
Phalanger intercastellanus (S)
Southern Common Cuscus
LR " nt
Australia
Trichosurus vulpecula hyopoleucus
Common Brushtail Possum
LR " nt
Australia
Family POTOROroAE
Bettongia gaimardi cuniculus
Tasmanian Bettong
LR " nt
Australia
Bettongia gaimardi gaimardi
Eastern Bettong
EX "
Australia
Bettongia lesueur graii
Burrowing Bettong
EX '^
Australia
Bettongia lesueur lesueur
Boodie
VU " D2
Australia
Bettongia leuser ssp.
VU " D2
Australia (Barrow & Boodie Is)
Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi
Woylie
LR " cd
Australia
Bettongia penicillata penicillata
Brush-tailed Bettong
EX "
Australia
Potorous tridactylus tridactylus
Long-nosed Potoroo
VU " C2a
Australia
Family MACROPODroAE
Lagorchestes conspicillatus
conspicillatus
Spectacled Hare-wallaby
VU " D2
Australia
219
Subspecies and populations
Lagorchestes conspicillatus
leichardti
Spectacled Hare-wallaby
LR " nt
Australia
Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri
Rufous Hare-wallaby
VU " D2
Australia
Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae
Rufous Hare-wallaby
VU " D2
Australia
Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus
Rufous Hare-wallaby
EX "
Australia
Lagorchestes hirsutus ssp.
Mala
CR " Ala, Bl-H3abcd, C2b, Dl
Australia (central mainland)
Lagostrophus fasciatus albipilis
Banded Hare-wallaby
EX "
Australia
Lagostrophus fasciatus fasciatus
Banded Hare-wallaby
VU " D2
Australia
Macropus eugenii (S)
Tamar Wallaby
(Western Australia population)
LR '^ nt
Australia
Macropus eugenii (S)
Tamar Wallaby
(Southern Australia population)
LR '' nt
Australia
Macropus eugenii decres
Tammar Wallaby
LR " nt
Australia
Macropus eugenii derbianus
Tammar Wallaby
LR " nt
Australia
Macropus eugenii eugenii
Tammar Wallaby
EW "
Australia
Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus
Western Grey Kangaroo
LR '^ nt
Australia
Macropus giganteus tasmaniensis
Eastern Grey Kangaroo
LR " nt
Australia
Macropus robustus isabellinus
Barrow Island Euro
VU " D2
Australia
Petrogale concinna concinna
Nabarlek
LR " nt
Australia
Petrogale concinna monastria
Nabarlek
LR " nt
Australia
Petrogale lateralis (S)
Black-footed Rock- wallaby
(MacDonnell Ranges population)
VU " Alab, B2ab-H3abc
Australia
Petrogale lateralis (S)
Black-footed Rock- wallaby
(Western Kimberly population)
VU " BI-(-2c,C2a
Australia
Petrogale lateralis hacketti
Black- footed Rock- wallaby
VU " D2
Australia
Petrogale lateralis lateralis
Black-footed Rock-wallaby
VU " Bl-i-2abce, C2a
Australia
Petrogale lateralis pearsoni
Black-footed Rock-wallaby
VU " D2
Australia
Petrogale xanthopus celeris
Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby
LR " nt
Australia
Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus
Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby
VU '> C2a
Australia
Family BURRAMYIDAE
Cercartetus caudatus macrurus
Long-tailed Pygmy-possum
LR " nt
Australia
Family PETAURTOAE
Petaurus australis australis
Yellow-bellied Glider
LR " nt
Australia
Order PRIMATES
Family CHEIROGALEIDAE
Phaner furcifer electromontis
VU " Bl-f2c,C2b
Madagascar
Phaner furcifer furcifer
LR '« nt
Madagascar
Phaner furcifer pallescens
VU "" Bl-h2bc,C2a
Madagascar
Phaner furcifer parienti
VU " B1-I-2C, C2b
Madagascar
Family LEMURffiAE
Eulemur fulvus albocollaris
White-collared Lemur
EN "" Bl-H2bc
Madagascar
Eulemur fulvus collaris
Collared Lemur
VU '" Alcd, Bl-H2bc
Madagascar
Eulemur fulvus sanfordi
Sanford's Lemur
VU '■" Bl-H2bc
Madagascar
Eulemur macaco flavifrons
Sclater's Lemur
CR "" Alcd, Bl-i-2bc
Madagascar
Eulemur macaco macaco
Black Lemur
VU '" Bl-f2bc
Madagascar
Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis
Alaotran Gentle Lemur
CR "" A2cd, B1-h2c
Madagascar
Hapalemur griseus occidentalis
Western Gentle Lemur
VU '" Alcd, Bl-H2abc
Madagascar
Varecia variegata rubra
CR "" A2cd, Bl+2bc
Madagascar
Varecia variegata variegata
EN '" Alcd,Bl-H2bc
Madagascar
220
i
Mammals
•n
Family EVDRIDAE
PropUhecus diadema candidus
CR '" A2cd, Bl+2bc
Madagascar
PropUhecus diadema diadema
EN '" A led
Madagascar
Propithecus diadema edwardsi
EN '" Ale
Madagascar
Propithecus diadema perrieri
CR "" A2cd, Bl+2c
Madagascar
PropUhecus verreauxi coquereli
EN '" A2c, Bl+2bc
Madagascar
PropUhecus verreauxi coronatus
CR '" Bl+2bc,C2a
Madagascar
PropUhecus verreauxi deckeni
VU '« Ale
Madagascar
PropUhecus verreauxi verreauxi
VU '" A2cd
Madagascar
Family CALLITRICHIDAE
Saguinus bicolor bicolor
Pied Tamarin
EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Brazil
Saguinus fuscicollis crandalli
DD '"
Peru?
Saguinus fuscicollis cruzlimai
DD '"
Brazil?
Saguinus imperator imperator
Black-chinned Emperor Tamarin
VU '« Ale, Bl+2e
Brazil, Peru
Saguinus nigricoUis hemandezi
VU "» Ale, Bl+2e
Colombia
Family CEBIDAE
Alouatta belzebul ululata
Red-handed Howling Monkey
CR "» Bl-H2abede,C2a
Brazil
Alouatta coibensis coibensis
EN '" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Panama
Alouatta coibensis tt-abeata
CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a
Panama
Alouatta fusca clamitans
VU '« Ale
Argentina, Brazil
Alouatta fusca fusca
Northern Brown Howling Monkey
CR '" Bl+2abede,C2a, Dl
Brazil
Alouatta palliata mexicana
VU '« Ale,BI+2e
Guatemala, Mexico
Alouatta seniculus amazonica
DD '"
Brazil
Alouatta seniculus insulans
VU '« Ale,Bl+2e
Trinidad and Tobago
Alouatta seniculus juara
DD '"
Brazil
Alouatta seniculus puruensis
DD '"
Bolivia, Brazil
Aottis lemurinus griseimembra
Night Monkey
EN '" Bl+2abcde
Colombia
Aottis lemurinus lemurinus
VU '" B1+2C, C2a
Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama
Ateles belzebuth belzebuth
VU "" Ale
Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
Ateles belzebuth brunneus
EN '" Bl+2abcde
Colombia
Ateles belzebuth hybridus
Hybrid Spider Monkey
EN '" Bl-f2abede
Colombia, Venezuela
Ateles fusciceps fusciceps
CR '" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Ecuador
Ateles fusciceps robustus
VU '" Ale, B1+2C
Colombia, Panama
Ateles geoffroyi azuerensis
CR '*" Bl+2abede, C2a
Panama
Ateles geoffroyi frontatus
VU '" Ale, Bl-h2e
Costa Rica, Nicaragua
Ateles geoffroyi grisescens
EN "" Bl+2abcde,C2a
Colombia, Panama
Ateles geoffroyi omatus
VU '" Ale, Bl+2c
Costa Rica
Ateles geoffroyi pan
DD '"
Guatemala
Ateles geoffroyi panamensis
EN "" Bl+2abcde, C2a
Costa Rica, Panama
Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis
VU '" Ale, Bl+2c
Belize, Guatemala, Mexico
Cacajao calvus calvus
EN '« Bl+2abcde
Brazil
Cacajao calvus novaesi
EN '" Bl+2abede
Brazil
Cacajao calvus rubicundus
EN '" Bl-H2abcde
Brazil, Colombia
Cacajao calvus ucayalii
VU '" Ale
Brazil?, Peru
Callicebus cupreus omatus
Ornate Titi
VU '« A1c,B1-h2c
Colombia
Callicebus personatus
barbarabro wnae
Northern Bahian Blond Titi
CR '" Bl-H2abcde
Brazil
Callicebus personatus melanochir
Southern Bahian Masked Titi
VU ■" Ale
Brazil
Callicebus personatus nigrifrons
Black-fronted Titi
VU '" Ale
Brazil
Callicebus personatus personatus
Northern Masked Titi
VU '" Ale, Bl-l-2e
Brazil
Callicebus torquatus medemi
VU '*' Bl+2e,C2a
Colombia
Cebus albifrons adustus
DD '"
Venezuela
Cebus albifrons aequatorialis
DD '"
Ecuador
Cebus albifrons cesarae
DD '"
Colombia
221
Subspecies and populations
Cebus albifrons cuscinus
White-fronted Capuchin
DD '"
Bolivia?, Brazil, Peru
Cebus albifrons hypoleucus
DD '"
Colombia
Cebus albifrons leucocephalus
DD '"
Venezuela
Cebus albifrons malitiosus
DD '"
Colombia
Cebus albifrons trinitatis
CR '" Bl+2abcde,C2a
Trinidad and Tobago
Cebus albifrons yuracus
Andean White-fronted Capuchin
DD '"
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Cebus apella margaritae
CR •■" Bl-H2abcde,C2a
Venezuela
Cebus apella robustus
Robust Tufted Capuchin
VU '" B1-H2C
Brazil
Cebus capucinus curtus
VU '" B1+2C
Colombia
Chiropotes satanas satanas
Black Saki
EN '" Bl+2abcde
Brazil
Chiropotes satanas utahicki
Uta Hick's Bearded Saki
VU '" Ale
Brazil
Lagothrix lagotricha cana
VU '" Ale
Brazil, Peru
Lagothrix lagotricha lugens
Colombian Woolly Monkey
CR '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a
Colombia, Venezuela
Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii
VU '« Ale
Brazil, Ecuador, Peru
Pithecia monachus milleri
VU "" Alc,Bl-f2c
Colombia
Saimiri oerstedi citrinellus
CR '" Bl-i-2abcde,C2a
Costa Rica
Saimiri oerstedi oerstedi
EN '" Bl-H2abcde,C2a
Costa Rica, Panama
Family CERCOPITHECIDAE
Cercocebus atys lunutatus
White-collared Mangabey
EN '" A2c
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana
Cercocebus galeritus "sanjei"
Sanje Mangabey
EN '" B1-H2C
Tanzania
Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster
Golden-bellied Mangabey
DD '"
Congo
Cercocebus galeritus galeritus
Tana River Mangabey
EN '" Bl-(-2abcde,C2a
Kenya
Cercopithecus aethiops
djamdjamensis
Djam-djam
DD '"
Ethiopia
Cercopithecus albogularis
albotorquatus
Tana River Sykes Monkey
DD '"
Kenya, Somalia
Cercopithecus albogularis
zammaranoi
Somalia Sykes Monkey
DD '"
Somalia
Cercopithecus diana diana
Diana Monkey
VU '" Ala
Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Cercopithecus diana roloway
Roloway Monkey
EN ■■" Ale
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana
Cercopithecus erythrotis erythrotis
Fernando Po Red-eared Monkey
EN '" Bl+2abce
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Cercopithecus hamlyni kahuziensis
Kahuzi Owl-faced Monkey
VU '« A2c
Rwanda?, Zaire
Cercopithecus mitis elgonis
Elgon Blue Monkey
DD '"
Kenya, Uganda
Cercopithecus mitis kandti
Golden Monkey
EN '« B1-H2C
Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire
Cercopithecus pogonias pogonias
Fernando Po Crowned Monkey
VU '« A2c
Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
Cercopithecus preussi insularis
Fernando Po Preuss's Monkey
EN '" Bl-i-2abce, CI
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Cercopithecus preussi preussi
Mainland Preuss's Moiikey
EN '" Alcd+2c
Cameroon, Nigeria
Colobus angolensis palliatus
Tanzanian Black-and-white Colobus
DD '"
Tanzania
Colobus angolensis prigoginei
Prigogine's Black-and-white Colobus
DD '"
Zaire
Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii
Rwenzori Black-and-white Colobus
VU '« B1+2C
Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire
Colobus guereza gallarum
Neumann's Black-and-white Colobus
DD '«
Ethiopia
Lophocebus aterrimus opdenboschi
Opdenbosch's Black Mangabey
DD ""
Angola, Zaire
Mandrillus leucophaeus
leucophaeus
Mainland Drill
VU '« Alacd-f2b
Cameroon, Gabon?, Nigeria
Mandrillus leucophaeus
mundamensis
Mainland Drill
EN '« Alacd-H2cd,Cl+2a
Cameroon, Gabon?, Nigeria
Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis
Fernando Po Drill
EN '" Bl-h2abcde,Cl
Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
Procolobus badius bouvieri
Bouvier's Red Colobus
EN '" B1-H2C
Congo
Procolobus badius epieni
Niger Delta Red Colobus
EN '" Bl+2ac
Nigeria
Procolobus badius foai
Foa Red Colobus
DD '"
Zaire
222
Mammals
*n
Procolobus badius gordonorum
Uhehe Red Colobus
EN '« Bl+2abc
Tanzania
Procolobus badius kirkii
Zanzibar Red Colobus
EN '" Bl+2c,C2a
Tanzania
Procolobus badius langi
Maiko Red Colobus
DD '"
Zaire
Procolobus badius lulindicus
Kahuzi Red Colobus
DD ""
Zaire
Procolobus badius parmentierorum
Lomami Red Colobus
DD '"
Zaire
Procolobus badius pennantii
Pennant's Red Colobus
EN '" Bl+2abcde, CI
Equatorial Guinea
Procolobus badius preussi
Preuss's Red Colobus
EN "" Bl+2ac
Cameroon, Nigeria (ex?)
Procolobus badius rufomitratus
Tana River Red Colobus
EN '" Bl+2abcde,C2a
Kenya
Procolobus badius semlikiensis
Semliki Red Colobus
DD '"
Uganda?, Zaire
Procolobus badius temminckii
Temminck's Red Colobus
EN '« Ale
Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Senegal
Procolobus badius waldroni
Miss Waldron's Bay Colobus
OR '" Ale
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana
Family HOMEMroAE
Gorilla gorilla (S)
Nigerian Gorilla
CR '" Alc,C2a
Cameroon, Nigeria
Gorilla gorilla beringei
Mountain Gorilla
CR '" C2b
Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire
Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Western Lowland Gorilla
EN '« A2cd
Angola, Cameroon, Centra] African
Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Nigeria
Gorilla gorilla graueri
Grauer's Gorilla
EN '" Alcd+2cd
Uganda?, Zaire
Pan troglodytes schweinfurthi
Eastern Chimpanzee
EN "" Alcd+2cd
Burundi, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zaire
Pan troglodytes troglodytes
Central Chimpanzee
EN '" A2cd
Angola, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Nigeria
Pan troglodytes vents
Western Chimpanzee
EN '" Alcd+2cd
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali,
Nigeria?, Senegal, Sierra Leone
Order CARNIVORA
Family CANIDAE
Canis lupus (S)
Grey Wolf
EW "»
Mexico
Canis lupus (S)
Grey Wolf
LR "» cd
Portugal, Spain
Canis lupus (S)
Grey Wolf
VU '" D2
Italy
Family FELmAE
Acinonyx jubatus hecki
Northwest African Cheetah
EN " C2a, Dl
Algeria, Egypt (ex?), Libya (ex?),
Morocco, Niger, Western Sahara
(ex?)
Acinonyx jubatus venatirus
Asiatic Cheetah
CR " C2b, Dl
Iran
Felis margarita scheffeli
Pakistan Sand Cat
LR " nt
Pakistan
Felis silvestris grampia
Scottish Wildcat
VU " Alde-H2e
United Kingdom
Herpailurus yaguarondi cacomitli
Texas Jaguarundi
EN " Dl
Mexico, USA
Leopardus pardalis albescens
Texas Ocelot
EN " Dl
Mexico, USA
Leptailurus serval constantinus
North African Serval
EN " Dl
Algeria (ex?), Morocco (ex?),
Tunisia (ex?)
Otocolobus manul ferrugineous
Red Manul
LR * nt
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Iran, Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Panthera leo persica
Asiatic Lion
EN " Dl
India
Panthera pardus japonensis
North Chinese Leopard
EN " C2a
China
Panthera pardus kotiya
Sri Lankan Leopard
EN ■«> C2a
Sri Lanka
Panthera pardus melas
Javan Leopard
EN « C2a
Indonesia
Panthera pardus nimr
South Arabian Leopard
CR «> C2a
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates,
Yemen
Panthera pardus orientalis
Amur Leopard
CR " Ale, Dl
China, North Korea, Russia, South
Korea
Panthera pardus panthera
North African Leopard
CR " C2a
Algeria (ex?), Morocco (ex?),
Tunisia (ex?)
Panthera pardus saxicolor
North Persian Leopard
EN " C2a
Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan
223
Subspecies and populations
Panthera pardus tulliana
Anatolian Leopard
CR " C2a
Turkey
Panthera tigris altaica
Amur Tiger
CR " C2b
China (ex?), North Korea (ex?),
Russia
Panthera tigris amoyensis
South China Tiger
CR " Dl
China
Panthera tigris sumatrae
Sumatran Tiger
CR " Cl+2a
Indonesia
Prionailurus bengalensis
iriomotensis
Iriomote Cat
EN " Dl
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Puma concolor coryi
Florida Panther
CR " Dl
USA
Puma concolor cougar
Eastern Puma
CR " Dl
Canada, USA
Family HERPESTmAE
Bdeogale crassicauda omnivora
Sokoke Bushy-tailed Mongoose
EN '" B1+2C
Kenya, Tanzania
Family HYAENmAE
Proteles cristatus (S)
Aardwolf
DD ■>'-
Burundi?, Central African Republic?,
Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
Family MUSTELffiAE
Conepatus mesoleucus telmalestes
Big Thicket Hog-nosed Skunk
EX '"
USA
Eira barbara senex
Greyheaded Tayra
VU '" CI
Belize, Guatemala, Mexico
Martes flavigula robinsoni
Javan Yellow-throated Marten
EN '" B1+2C
Indonesia
Martes melampus tsuensis
Tsushima Island Marten
VU '" C2b
Japan
Martes zibellina brachyura
Japanese Sable
DD '"
Japan
Melogale personata orientalis
Javan Ferret-badger
LR '" nt
Indonesia
Mustela eversmanni amurensis
VU '" A2cd
China, Russia
Vormela peregusna peregusna
European Marbled Polecat
VU '" Alcd
Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey,
Ukraine, Yugoslavia
Family ODOBENIDAE
Odobenus rosmarus laptevi
Laptev Walrus
DD '"
Russia
Family OTARIIDAE
Zalophus calif ornianus japonicus
Japanese Sealion
EX '"
Japan, North Korea, South Korea
Zalophus californianus wollebaeki
Galapagos Sea Lion
VU '" A2d
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Family PHOCffiAE
Halichoerus grypus (S)
Grey Seal
EN '" Dl
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
Russia, Sweden
[Atlantic (northeast)]
Phoca hispida botnica
Baltic Seal
VU '" D2
Estonia?, Finland, Russia, Sweden
Phoca hispida ladogensis
Ladoga Seal
VU '" D2
Russia
[L. Ladoga]
Phoca hispida saimensis
Saimaa Seal
EN '" Bl+2ce
Finland
224
Phoca vitulina mellonae
Ungava Seal
DD '"
Canada, Greenland
Family URSfflAE
Ursus arctos nelsoni
Mexican Grizzly Bear
EX "
Mexico, USA
Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus
Baluchistan Bear
CR " Bl-(-2abc, C2a
Iran, Pakistan
Family VIVERRTOAE
Arctictis binturong whitei
Palawan Binturong
VU ■" Bl+2c
Philippines
Arctogalidia trivirgata trilineata
Javan Small-toothed Palm Civet
EN '" C2a
Indonesia
Crossarchus ansorgei ansorgei
Angolan Cusiraanse
DD '"
Angola
Genetta genetta isabelae
Ibiza Genet
VU '" B1+2C
Spain (Balearic Is)
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
lignicolor
Mentawai Palm Civet
VU '" A2c
Indonesia
Poiana richardsoni liberiensis
Leighton's Linsang
DD '"
Cote d'lvoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Order CETACEA
Family BALAENIDAE
Balaena mysticetus (S)
Bowhead Whale
(Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort
Sea population)
LR "' cd
[Arctic Sea, Pacific (northeast,
northwest)]
Balaena mysticetus (S)
Bowhead Whale
(Hudson Bay, Foxe Basin stock)
VU *' Dl
[Atlantic (northwest)]
Balaena mysticetus (S)
Bowhead Whale
I
Mammals
UK
(Okhotsk Sea population)
EN " Dl
[Pacific (northwest)]
Balaena mysticetus (S)
Bowhead Whale
(Baffin Bay, Davis Strait stock)
VU " Dl
[Atlantic (northwest)]
Balaena mysticetus (S)
Bowhead Whale
(Spitzbergen stock)
EN " Dl
[Atlantic (northeast)]
Eubalaena glacialis (S)
Northern Right Whale
(North Pacific stock)
EN "' Dl
[Pacific (eastern central, northeast,
northwest)]
Eubalaena glacialis (S)
Northern Right Whale
(North Atlantic stock)
EN " Dl
[Atlantic northwest, western central]
Family BALAENOPTERBDAE
Balaenoptera musculus (S)
Blue Whale
(Antarctic stock)
EN "' Dl
[Atlantic (Antarctic), Indian Ocean
(Antarctic), Pacific (Antarctic)]
Balaenoptera musculus (S)
Blue Whale
(North Pacific stock)
LR "' cd
[Pacific (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, western central)]
Balaenoptera musculus (S)
Blue Whale
(North Atlantic stock)
VU '■ Dl
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, western central)]
Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda
Pygmy Blue Whale
DD "
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest), Indian Ocean (Antarctic,
eastern, western). Pacific (Antarctic,
southeast, southwest)]
Family ESCHRICHTIIDAE
Eschrichtius robustus (S)
Gray Whale
(Northeast Pacific stock)
LR *' cd
[Pacific (eastern central, northeast)]
Eschrichtius robustus (S)
Gray Whale
(Northwest Pacific stock)
EN "' Dl
[Pacific (northwest)]
Family PHOCOENTOAE
Neophocaena phocaenoides (S)
Finless Porpoise
(R. Yangtze population)
EN " C2b
China
[Pacific (northwest)]
Phocoena phocoena (S)
Harbour Porpoise
(Black Sea stock)
VU "' Alc,Cl+2b
Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova,
Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Phocoena phocoena (S)
Harbour Porpoise
(Baltic Sea stock)
VU *' Alc,Cl+2b
Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
Russia, Sweden
[Atlantic (northeast)]
Order SIRENIA
Family TRICHECHmAE
Trichechus manatus latirostris
Florida Manatee
VU '" A2d
USA
[Atlantic (western central)]
Trichechus manatus manatus
Antillean Manatee
VU '" Alcd,C2a
Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominican Republic, French
Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico,
Suriname, Venezuela
[Atlantic (southwest, western
central)]
Order PERISSODACTYLA
Family EQUIDAE
Equusferus przewalskii
Przewalski's Horse
EW "
China, Kazakhstan?, Mongolia
Equus hemionus hemionus
North Mongolian Kulan
DD "
MongoUa
Equus hemionus hemippus
Syrian Wild Ass
EX «
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Syria
Equus hemionus khur
Indian Wild Ass
EN " A2c
India
Equus hemionus kulan
Kulan
LR « nt
Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan
Equus hemionus luteus
Gobi Kulan
DD "
China, Mongolia
Equus hemionus onager
Onager
EN " CI
Iran
Equus kiang kiang
Western Kiang
DD "
India, Nepal
Equus kiang polyodon
Southern Kiang
DD "
China, India
Equus zebra zebra
Cape Mountain Zebra
EN " C2a
South Africa
Family RHINOCEROTIDAE
Ceratotherium simum cottoni
Northern White Rhinoceros
CR ' Alabc, Dl
Sudan (ex?), Zaire
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni
CR " Albcd, C2a, Dl
Indonesia, Malaysia
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis
EX "
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
sumatrensis
CR " Albcd, C2a
Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus
CR " Alcd, C2b,Dl
Cambodia (ex?), Laos (ex?),
Thailand (ex), Viet Nam
Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus
CR " C2b, Dl
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar (ex),
Thailand (ex)
225
Subspecies and populations
Rhinoceros unicornis (S)
Great Indian Rhinoceros
EN " Bl+2cde,Cl
Bhutan, India (Uttar Pradesh), Nepal
Rhinoceros unicornis (S)
Great Indian Rhinoceros
EN " Bl+2cde, CI
India (Assam, West Bengal)
Order HYRACOIDEA
Family PROCAVimAE
Dendrohyrax arboreus (S)
VU " B1+2C
South Africa
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Family SUIDAE
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni
ivoriensis
Western Forest Hog
VU '" A2cd, Bl+2abde
Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone
Phacochoerus aethiopicus
aethiopicus
Cape Warthog
EX '«
South Africa
Phacochoerus aethiopicus delameri
Somali Warthog
VU '" A2cd, Bl+2acd
Kenya, Somalia
Phacochoerus africanus aeliani
Eritrean Warthog
EN '" Alacd, Bl+2abd
Djibouti, Eritrea
Sus barbatus ahoenobarbus
Palawan Bearded Pig
LR '" nt
Philippines
Sus barbatus oi
Western Bearded Pig
LR '" nt
Indonesia, Malaysia
Sus scrofa riukiuanus
Ryukyu Islands Wild Pig
VU '« Alacde,Bl+2bd
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family HIPPOPOTAMIDAE
Hexaprotodon liberiensis heslopi
CR «' Dl
Nigeria
Hippopotamus amphibius
tschadensis
VU »' Ala
Chad, Niger
Family CAMELmAE
Lama guanicoe cacsilensis
VU '" C2a
Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Lama guanicoe huanacus
EN '" Bl+2ce
Chile
Lama guanicoe voglii
VU "" Albcd,C2a
Argentina
Vicugna vicugna mensalis
LR '" cd
Bolivia, Chile, Peru
Vicugna vicugna vicugna
LR '" cd
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile
Family TRAGULIDAE
Tragulus napu nigricans
Balabac Chevrotain
EN " Bl+2ce
Philippines
Family MOSCHmAE
Moschus chrysogaster chrysogaster
Alpine Musk Deer
LR " nt
China, India
Moschus chrysogaster leucogaster
Himalayan Musk Deer
LR " nt
Afghanistan, China, India, Nepal,
Pakistan
Family CERVmAE
Alces alces cameloides
Siberian Elk
LR " nt
China, Mongolia
Axis porcinus annamiticus
Indo-Chinese Hog Deer
DD "
Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand
(ex), Viet Nam
Axis porcinus porcinus
LR " nt
Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India,
Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka [int]
Cervus duvauceli branderi
Upland Barasingha
EN » DI
India
Cervus duvauceli duvauceli
VU " CI
India, Nepal
Cervus duvauceli ranjitsinhi
CR " C2b
India
Cervus elaphus affinis
Shou
DD "
Bhutan?, China
Cervus elaphus alashanicus
Alashan Wapiti
DD »
China
Cervus elaphus bactrianus
Bactrian Deer
VU » Dl
Afghanistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
[R. Amu Darya valley]
Cervus elaphus barbarus
Atlas Deer
LR " nt
Algeria, Morocco (ex), Tunisia
Cervus elaphus corsicanus
Corsican Red Deer
EN " DI
France, Italy
Cervus elaphus hanglu
Hangul
EN " Dl
India
Cervus elaphus macneilli
McNeill's Deer
DD "
China
Cervus elaphus wallichi
Tibetan Red Deer
DD "
Bhutan?, China
Cervus elaphus yarkandensis
Yarkand Deer
EN " Ala
China
Cervus eldi eldi
Manipur Brow-antlered Deer
CR " Bl+2c,C2b
India
[L. Loktak swamps]
Cervus eldi siamensis
Thailand Brow-antlered Deer
DD »
Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand,
Viet Nam
Cervus eldi thamin
Burmese Brow-antlered Deer
LR " nt
Myanmar, Thailand
226
i
Mammals
•n
Cervus nippon aplodontus
North Honshu Sika
DD "
Japan
Cervus nippon grassianus
Shansi Sika
CR " C2a
China
Cervus nippon keramae
Ryukyu Sika
CR " C2a
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Cervus nippon kopschi
South China Sika
EN " Dl
China
Cervus nippon mandarinus
North China Sika
CR » Dl
China
Cervus nippon mantchuricus
Mantchurian Sika
DD »
Russia
Cervus nippon pseudaxis
Tonkin Sika
CR " Dl
Viet Nam
Cervus nippon pulchellus
Tsushima Sika
DD "
Japan
Cervus nippon sichuanicus
Shansi Sika
EN " Dl
China
Cervus nippon taiouanus
Taiwan Sika
CR " Dl
Taiwan
Cervus nippon yesoensis
Hokkaido Sika
DD »
Japan
Dama dama mesopotamica
Persian Fallow Deer
EN " Dl
Iran, Iraq (ex?)
Elaphodus cephalophus
cephalophus
DD "
China, Myanmar
Elaphodus cephalophus ichangensis
Ichang Tufted Deer
DD "
China
Elaphodus cephalophus michianus
Michie's Tufted Deer
DD "
China
Hydropotes inermis argyropus
DD »
North Korea, South Korea
Hydropotes inermis inermsis
LR " nt
China
Muntiacus feai feai
DD "
China, Myanmar, Thailand
Muntiacus feai rooseveltorum
DD "
China, Laos, Viet Nam
Odocoileus hemionus cerrosensis
Cedros Island Mule Deer
EN " Dl
Mexico
Odocoileus virginianus clavium
Key Deer
EN " Dl
USA
Odocoileus virginianus leucurus
Columbian White-tailed Deer
LR " nt
USA
Ozotoccros bezoarticus bezoarticus
LR " nt
Brazil, Uruguay
Ozotoceros bezoarticus celer
EN " Bl+2cde, C2a
Argentina
Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster
LR " nt
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay
Rangifer tarandus pearyi
Peary Caribou
EN " Alb, CI
Canada
Family ANTILOCAPRmAE
Antilocapra americana mexicana
Mexican Pronghom
LR ' cd
Mexico, USA
Antilocapra americana veninsularis
Raja California Pronghom
CR ' C2b
Mexico
Antilocapra americana sonoriensis
Sonoran Pronghom
EN ' C2b
Mexico, USA
Family BOVmAE
Aepyceros melampus petersi
Black-faced Impala
VU ' Dl
Angola, Namibia
Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus
Bubal Hartebeest
EX '
Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia
Alcelaphus buselaphus caama
Red Hartebeest
LR ' cd
Angola, Botswana, Lesotho (ex?),
Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland,
Zimbabwe
Alcelaphus buselaphus cokei
Coke's Hartebeest
LR ' cd
Kenya, Tanzania
Alcelaphus buselaphus lelwel
Lelwel Hartebeest
LR ' cd
Central African Republic, Chad,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda,
Zaire
Alcelaphus buselaphus major
Westem Hartebeest
LR ' cd
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Cote d'lvoire, Gambia (ex?), Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,
Nigeria, Senegal, Togo
Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei
S Wayne's Hartebeest
EN' Ala, CI
Ethiopia, Somalia (ex)
Alcelaphus buselaphus tora
Tora Hartebeest
EN ' CI
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan
Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi
Golden Takin
EN " A2cd,C2a, Dl
China
Budorcas taxicolor taxicolor
Mishmi Takin
EN " A2cd
China, India, Myanmar
Budorcas taxicolor tibetana
Sichuan Takin
VU " A2cd
China
Budorcas taxicolor whitei
Bhutan Takin
VU " A2cde
Bhutan, China, India
227
Subspecies and populations
Capra aegagrus aegagrus
VU " A2cde
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Georgia, Iran, Lebanon (ex), Russia,
Turkey
Capra aegagrus blythi
Sind Ibex
VU " A2cde
Iran, Iraq?, Pakistan, Turkmenistan
Capra aegagrus chialtanensis
Chilian Goat
CR " C2b
Pakistan
Capra aegagrus cretica
Cretan Goat
VU " Dl+2
Greece
Capra falconeri falconeri
Flare-homed Markhor
EN " C2a
India, Pakistan
Capra falconeri heptneri
Tadjik Markhor
CR " C2a
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Capra falconeri megaceros
Straight-homed Markhor
EN " C2a
Afghanistan, Pakistan
Capra pyrenaica hispanica
LR " cd
Spain
Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica
Pyrenean Ibex
CR " Dl
Spain
Capra pyrenaica victoriae
Gredos Ibex
VU " D2
Spain
Capricornis sumatraensis maritimus
Indochinese Serow
VU " A2cd
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar,
Thailand, Viet Nam
Capricornis sumatraensis
milneedwardsii
Chinese Serow
VU " A2cd
China
Capricornis sumatraensis rubidus
Red Serow
EN " A2cd
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar
Capricornis sumatraensis sumatraensis
Sumatran Serow
EN " A2cd
Indonesia, Malaysia
Capricornis sumatraensis thar
Himalayan Serow
VU " A2cd
Bhutan, China, India, Nepal
Cephalophus nigrifrons rubidus
Ruwenzori Black-fronted Duiker
EN ' Ale
Uganda, Zaire?
Cephalophus ogilbyi crusalbum
White-legged Duiker
LR ' nt
Congo?, Gabon
Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus
Eastem White-bearded Wildebeest
LR ' cd
Kenya, Tanzania
Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni
Cookson's Wildbeest
LR ' cd
Malawi, Zambia
Connochaetes taurinus johnstoni
Nyassa Wildebeest
LR ' cd
Malawi (ex), Mozambique, Tanzania
Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi
Westem White-bearded Wildebeest
LR ' cd
Kenya, Tanzania
Connochaetes taurinus taurinus
Blue Wildebeest
LR ' cd
Angola, Botswana, Mozambique,
Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Damaliscus dorcas dorcas
Bontebok
VU ' D2
South Africa
Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi
Blesbok
LR ' cd
Botswana [int], Lesotho, Namibia
[int]. South Africa, Swaziland,
Zimbabwe [int]
Damaliscus lunatus jimela
Topi
LR ' cd
Burundi (ex), Kenya, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire
Damaliscus lunatus korrigum
Korrigum
VU ' Ala
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Gambia (ex), Ghana (ex), Guinea
(ex?), Guinea-Bissau (ex), Mali (ex),
Mauritania (ex), Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal (ex), Togo (ex?)
Damaliscus lunatus lunatus
Tsessebe
LR ' cd
Angola, Botswana, Mozambique
(ex), Namibia, South Africa,
Swaziland (ex), Zambia, Zimbabwe
Damaliscus lunatus tiang
Tiang
LR ' nt
Central African Republic, Chad,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda
Damaliscus lunatus topi
Coastal Topi
LR ' cd
Kenya, Somalia
Gazella dorcas pelzelni
Pelzeln's Gazelle
VU ' CI
Djibouti, Somalia
Gazella gazella acaciae
Acacia Gazelle
CR ' Ale, C2b
Israel
Gazella gazella cora
Arabian Mountain Gazelle
LR ' cd
Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab
Emirates, Yemen
Gazella gazella farasani
Farasan Gazelle
VU ' Dl
Saudi Arabia
Gazella gazella gazella
Palestine Mountain Gazelle
LR ' cd
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon (ex), Syria
Gazella gazella muscatensis
Muscat Gazelle
CR ' C2a
Oman
Gazella rufifrons tilonura
Heuglin's Gazelle
VU ' CI
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan
Gazella subgutturosa marica
Arabian Sand Gazelle
VU ' C2a
Bahrain, Iran?, Jordan, Kuwait,
Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria?, United
Arab Emirates, Yemen?
Gazella thomsonii albonotata
Mongalla Gazelle
LR ' nt
Ethiopia, Sudan
Hippotragus niger variant
Giant Sable Antelope
CR ' Ald-H2d,Cl+2b
Angola
228
Mammals
'n
Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa
Defassa Waterbuck
LR ' cd
Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote
d'lvoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia
(ex?), Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zaire, Zambia
Kobus ellipsiprymnus
ellipsiprymnus
Ellipsen Waterbuck
LR ' cd
Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia,
South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Kobus koh kob
Buffon's Kob
LR ' cd
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad,
Cote d'lvoire, Gambia (ex), Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali,
Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone (ex), Togo
Kobus kob leucotis
White-eared Kob
LR ' nt
Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda
Kobus kob thomasi
Uganda Kob
LR ' cd
Kenya (ex), Sudan,
Tanzania (ex),
Uganda, Zaire
Kobus leche kafuensis
Kafue Lechwe
VU ' D2
Zambia
Kobus leche leche
Red Lechwe
LR ' cd
Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zaire,
Zambia
Kobus leche robertsi
Roberts' Lechwe
EX '
Zambia
Kobus leche smithemani
Black Lechwe
VU ' D2
Zambia
Naemorhedus baileyi baileyi
Tibetan Red Goral
VU " A2cd
China
Naemorhedus baileyi cranbrooki
Red Goral
VU " A2cd
India, Myanmar
Naemorhedus caudatus caudatus
Long-tailed Goral
VU " A2cd
China
Naemorhedus caudatus evansi
Evans' Long-tailed Goral
VU " A2cd
Laos?, Myanmar, Thailand
Naemorhedus caudatus griseus
South China Goral
VU " A2cd
China
Naemorhedus caudatus raddeanus
Amur Goral
VU " A2cd
China, North Korea, Russia, South
Korea
Naemorhedus goral bedfordi
Western Himalayan Goral
LR " nt
India, Pakistan
Naemorhedus goral goral
Brown Himalayan Goral
LR " nt
Bhutan, China, India, Nepal
Oreotragus oreotragus porteousi
Western Klipspringer
EN' Ale, CI
Nigeria
Oryx gazella beisa
Beisa Oryx
LR ' cd
Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Somalia, Sudan, Uganda
Oryx gazella callotis
Fringe-eared Oryx
LR ' cd
Kenya, Tanzania
Oryx gazella gazella
Gemsbok
LR ' cd
Angola, Botswana, Namibia,
South Africa, Zimbabwe
Ourebia ourebi haggardi
Haggard's Oribi
VU ' CI
Kenya, Somalia
Ourebia ourebi keniae
Kenya Oribi
EX '
Kenya
Ovis ammon ammon
Altai Argali
VU " A2cde, CI
China, Mongolia, Russia
Ovis ammon collium
VU " A2cde, CI
Kazakhstan
Ovis ammon darwini
Mongolian Argali, Gobi Argali
EN " CI
China, Mongolia
Ovis ammon hodgsonii
Tibetan Argali
VU >' A2cde
China, India, Nepal
Ovis ammon jubata
Northern Chinese Argali
EN " Cl+2a, Dl
China
Ovis ammon karelini
Tien Shan Argali
VU " A2cde, Cl+2a
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Ovis ammon nigrimontana
Kara Tau Argali
CR " C2b
Kazakhstan
Ovis ammon polii
Marco Polo Argali
VU " A2cde, CI
Afghanistan, China, Pakistan,
Tajikistan
Ovis canadensis californiana
Riinrock Bighorn
LR " cd
Canada, USA
Ovis canadensis cremnobates
Peninsular Bighorn Sheep
EN " CH2a
Mexico, USA
Ovis canadensis mexicana
Mexican Bighorn Sheep
VU " Dl
Mexico, USA
Ovis canadensis nelsoni
Nelson's Bighorn
LR " cd
USA
Ovis canadensis weemsi
Weems' Bighorn Sheep
CR " C2a
Mexico
Ovis nivicola borealis
Putorean Snow Sheep
VU " D2
Russia
229
Subspecies and populations
Ovis nivicola nivicola
LR " nt
Russia
Ovis orientalis arkal
Transcaspian Urial
VU " A2cde
Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Ovis orientalis bocharensis
Bukhara Urial
EN " Alcde,Cl+2a
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Ovis orientalis cycloceros
Afghan Urial
VU " CI
Afghanistan, Iran?, Pakistan,
Turkmenistan
Ovis orientalis gmelinii
Armenian Mouflon
VU " A2cde
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq?,
Turkey
Ovis orientalis isphahanica
Esfahan Mouflon
VU " A2c
Iran
Ovis orientalis laristanica
Laristan Mouflon
VU " A2c
Iran
Ovis orientalis musimon
European Mouflon
VU " A2cde, Dl+2
France, Italy
Ovis orientalis ophion
Cyprus Mouflon
EN " Ala
Cyprus
Ovis orientalis punjabiensis
Punjab Urial
EN " Alcde, Cl+2a
Pakistan
Ovis orientalis severtzovi
Severtzov's Urial
EN " A2cde,C2b
Uzbekistan
Ovis orientalis vignei
Ladahk Urial
EN " A2cde,Cl+2a
India, Pakistan
Pseudois nayaur nayaur
LR " nt
Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan
Pseudois nayaur szechuanensis
LR " nt
China
Reduncafulvorufula adamauae
Western Mountain Reedbuck
EN ' CI
Cameroon, Nigeria
Reduncafulvorufula chanleri
Chanler's Mountain Reedbuck
LR ' nt
Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda
Redunca fulvorufula fulvorufula
Southern Mountain Reedbuck
LR ' cd
Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique,
South Africa, Swaziland
Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata
Apennine Chamois
EN " Dl
Italy
Rupicapra rupicapra asiatica
Turkish Chamois
DD "
Turkey
Rupicapra rupicapra cartusiana
Chartreuse Chamois
CR " C2b, Dl
France
Rupicapra rupicapra caucasica
Caucasian Chamois
VU " CI
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia
Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica
Tatra Chamois
EN " CI
Poland, Slovakia
Saiga tatarica mongolica
Mongolian Saiga
EN ' CI
Mongolia
Saiga tatarica tatarica
Russian Saiga
VU ' Ala
China (ex), Kazakhstan,
Mongolia (ex), Russia,
Turkmenistan
Tragelaphus derbianus derbianus
Western Giant Eland
EN ' Cl+2b
Cote d'lvoire (ex), Gambia (ex),
Ghana (ex?), Guinea (ex?),
Guinea-Bissau, Mali (ex?), Senegal,
Togo (ex?)
Tragelaphus derbianus gigas
Eastern Giant Eland
LR ' nt
Cameroon, Central African Republic,
Chad (ex?), Nigeria (ex), Sudan,
Uganda (ex?), Zaire
Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus
Westen Bongo
LR ' nt
Benin (ex?), Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Congo, Cote
d'lvoire, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea,
Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo
(ex), Zaire
Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci
Eastern Bongo
EN ' Bl+2b
Kenya, Uganda (ex)
Order RODENTIA
Family APLODONTIDAE
Aplodontia rufa nigra
Point Arena Mountain Beaver
VU «= Bl+2de
USA
Aplodontia rufa phaea
Point Reyes Mountain Beaver
VU »^ Bl+2e
USA
Family SCIURTOAE
Cynomys ludovicianus arizonensis
Arizona Black-tailed Prairie Dog
DD »=
Mexico, USA
Glaucomys sabrinus califomicus
San Bernardino Flying Squirrel
DD ''-
USA
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus
Carolina Flying Squirrel
VU "^ A2c, B1-H2C
USA
Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus
Virginia Flying Squirrel
VU "- A2c, B1-H2C
USA
Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons
Prince of Wales Island Flying
Squirrel
EN "2 A1c-h2c, B1-I-2C
USA
Marmota caligata sheldoni
Montague Island Hoary Marmot
DD "
USA
Marmota caligata vigilis
Glacier Bay Hoary Marmot
DD '■
USA
Sciurus niger avicennia
Big Cypress Fox Squirrel
LR '- cd
USA
230
Mammals
•n
Sciurus niger cinereus
Delmarva Fox Squirrel
LR ''- cd
USA
Sciurus niger shermani
Sherman's Fox Squirrel
LR »2 nt
USA
Sciurus niger vulpinus
Eastern Fox Squirrel
DD "
USA
Spermophilus brunneus brunneus
Norhem Idaho Ground Squirrel
CR »- Bl+2d
USA
Spermophilus brunneus endemicus
Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel
VU " Bl+3d
USA
Spermophilus elegans nevadensis
Nevada Ground Squirrel
DD »^
USA
Spermophilus lateralis wortmanni
Green River Basin Golden-mantled
Ground Squirrel
DD «
USA
Spermophilus parryii kodiacensis
Kodiak Ground Squirrel
DD «^
USA
Spermophilus parryii lyratus
St. Lawrence Island Ground Squirrel
DD «=
USA
Spermophilus parryii nebulicola
Shumagin Ground Squirrel
DD '■
USA
Spermophilus tereticaudus chlorus
Palm Springs Round-tailed
Ground Squirrel
DD «
USA
Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
alleni
Big Horn Thirteen-lined Ground
Squirrel
DD «^
USA
Tamias minimus atristriatus
Pefiasco Least Chipmunk
CR »- Ala, Dl
USA
Tamias minimus selkirki
Selkirk Least Chipmunk
VU »= D2
Canada
Tamias quadrivittatus australis
Organ Mountains Chipmunk
VU «= C2a, D2
USA
Tamias umbrinus nevadensis
Hidden Forest Chipmunk
CR «= Ala
USA
Tamias umbrinus sedulus
Henry Mountains Chipmunk
DD "
USA
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
grahamensis
Mount Graham Red Squirrel
CR «= C2b
USA
Family CASTORIDAE
Castor canadensis phaeus
Admiralty Island Beaver
DD "
USA
Family GEOMYIDAE
Geomys personatus maritimus
Maritime Pocket Gopher
VU '- D2
USA
Geomys personatus streckeri
Carrizo Springs Pocket Gopher
VU «= D2
USA
Geomys pinetis cumberlandius
Cumberland Island Picket Gopher
VU »^ D2
USA
Geomys pinetis fontanelus
Sherman's Pocket Gopher
VU '- D2
USA
Geomys pinetis goffi
Goff s Southeastern Pocket Gopher
EX '-
USA
Thomomys mazama couchi
Puget Sound Pocket Gopher
VU «- Bl+2c
USA
Thomomys mazama glacialis
Roy Prairie Pocket Gopher
VU »= Bl+2c
USA
Thomomys mazama louiei
Cathlamet Pocket Gopher
CR »- Alc,C2b
USA
Thomomys mazama pugetensis
Olympia Pocket Gopher
VU «^ Bl+2c
USA
Thomomys mazama tacomensis
Tacoma Pocket Gopher
EX "-
USA
Thomomys mazama tumuli
Rocky Prairie Pocket Gopher
VU "'- Bl+2c
USA
Thomomys mazama yelmensis
Yelm Prairie Pocket Gopher
VU « Bl+2c
USA
Thomomys talpoides douglasi
Vancouver Pocket Gopher
VU "^ BI+2C
USA
Family HETEROMYIDAE
Chaetodipus califomicus femoralis
Dalzura Pocket Mouse
DD '-
Mexico, USA
Chaetodipus fallax fallax
San Diego Pocket Mouse
DD '^
Mexico, USA
Chaetodipus fallax pallidas
Mountain Spring Pocket Mouse
DD "
USA
Dipodomys heermanni berkeleyensis
Berkeley Hills Kangaroo Rat
VU »^ BI+2c
USA
Dipodomys heermanni morroensis
Morro Bay Kangaroo-rat
CR »- Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Dipodomys merriami collinus
Earthquake Valley Kangaroo Rat
DD «
USA
Dipodomys merriami parvus
San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat
DD "=
USA
Dipodomys microps alfredi
Gunnison Island Kangaroo Rat
DD "^
USA
231
Subspecies and populations
Dipodomys microps leucotis
House Rock Valley Kangaroo Rat
VU "^ B1+2C
USA
Dipodomys nitratoides exilis
Fresno Kangaroo Rat
CR »- Bl+2c
USA
Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides
Tipton Kangaroo Rat
CR "= Ale
USA
Microdipodops megacephalus
atrirelictus
Owyhee River Kangaroo Mouse
VU "2 D2
USA
Microdipodops megacephalus nexus
Izenhood Kangaroo Mouse
DD «
USA
Microdipodops pallidas restrictus
Soda Spring Valley Kangaroo Mouse
VU »^ D2
USA
Perognathus alticola alticola
White-eared Pocket Mouse
CR « Bl+2b
USA
Perognathus longimembris bangsi
Palm Springs Pocket Mouse
DD «
USA
Perognathus longimembris
brevinasus
Los Angeles Pocket Mouse
VU »^ B1+2C
USA
Perognathus longimembris
internationalis
Jacumba Pocket Mouse
DD *=
Mexico, USA
Perognathus longimembris pacificus
Pacific Pocket Mouse
CR «- Bl+2c,Cl+2ab
USA
Family DIPODIDAE
Zapus hudsonius campestris
Black Hills Meadow Jumping Mouse
VU " Bl+2c
USA
Zapus hudsonius preblei
Preble's Meadow Jumping Mouse
EN "- Bl+2c
USA
Zapus trinotatus orarius
Point Reyes Jumping Mouse
LR «- cd
USA
Family MURTOAE
Clethrionomys gapperi solus
Revillagigedo Island Red-backed
Vole
DD »^
USA
Dicrostonyx unalascensis stevensoni
Umnak Island Collared Lemming
DD '-
USA
Dicrostonyx unalascensis
unalascensis
Unalaska Island Collared Lemming
DD «-
USA
Microtus abbreviatus abbreviatus
Hall Island Insular Vole
DD »'
USA
Microtus abbreviatus fisheri
St Matthew Island Insular Vole
DD «'
USA
Microtus californicus mohavensis
Mojave River Vole
VU '- Ald+2d, D2
USA
Microtus californicus scirpensis
Amargosa Vole
VU »- Bl-H3cd
USA
Microtus californicus stephensi
Stephen's California Vole
DD «=
USA
Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis
Southern Rock Vole
LR "= nt
USA
Microtus chrotorrhinus ravus
Labrador Rock Vole
DD "=
Canada
Microtus longicaudus bemardinus
San Bernardino Long-tailed Vole
DD "
USA
Microtus longicaudus coronarius
Alexander Islands Long-tailed Vole
DD »^
USA
Microtus longicaudus leucophaeus
Mount Graham Long-tailed Vole
DD «=
USA
Microtus mogollonensis
hualpaiensis
Huaiapai Vole
VU «- BI-f2c, D2
USA
Microtus montanus codiensis
Cody Mountain Vole
DD »=
USA
Microtus montanus fucosus
Pahranagat Valley Montane Vole
VU " D2
USA
Microtus montanus nevadensis
Ash Meadows Montane Vole
VU »= D2
USA
Microtus montanus zygomaticus
Big Horn Montane Vole
DD «=
USA
Microtus oeconomus amakensis
Amak Tundra Vole
DD «^
USA
Microtus oeconomus elymocetes
Montague Tundra Vole
DD «=
USA
Microtus oeconomus innuitus
St Lawrence Island Tundra Vole
DD "^
USA
Microtus oeconomus popofensis
Shumagin Islands Tundra Vole
DD «=
USA
Microtus oeconomus punukensis
Punuk Islands Tundra Vole
DD «
USA
Microtus oeconomus sitkensis
Alexander Islands Tundra Vole
DD «2
USA
Microtus pennsylvanicus
dukecampbelli
Florida Saltmarsh Vole
VU " D2
USA
Microtus pennsylvanicus kincaidi
Potholes Meadow Vole
LR " nt
USA
232
I
Mammals
•n
Microtus townsendii cowani
Triangle Island Vole
LR »' cd
Canada
Neotomafloridana smalli
Key Largo Woodrat
EN ^- C2b
USA
Neotoma fuscipes annectens
San Francisco Dusky-footed Woodrat
DD '^-
USA
Neotoma fuscipes luciana
Monterey Dusky-footed Woodrat
DD <■'-
USA
Neotoma fuscipes riparia
San Joaquin Valley Woodrat
CR «= B1+2C
USA
Neotoma lepida intermedia
San Diego Desert Woodrat
DD «
Mexico, USA
Onchomys leucogaster durranti
Durant's Northern Grasshoper Mouse
DD »=
USA
Onchomys torridus ramona
Southern Grasshopper Mouse
DD ''
Mexico, USA
Onchomys torridus tularensis
Tulare Grasshopper Mouse
DD '^
USA
Ondatra zibethicus ripensis
Rio Grande Muskrat
DD "^
Mexico, USA
Onychomys leucogaster durranti
Durrant's Northern Grasshopper
Mouse
DD "=
USA
Onychomys torridus ramona
Southern Grasshopper Mouse
DD «^
Mexico, USA
Onychomys torridus tularensis
Tulare Grasshopper Mouse
DD *'-
USA
Oryzomys palustris natator
Marsh Rice Rat
DD «
USA
Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola
Key Largo Cotton Mouse
VU '■ D2
USA
Peromyscus gossypinus restrictus
Chadwick Beach Cotton Mouse
EX ''
USA
Peromyscus leucopus ammodytes
Monomy White-footed Mouse
DD "
USA
Peromyscus polionotus allophrys
Choctawhatchee Beach Mouse
EN »= Bl+2c
USA
Peromyscus polionotus ammobates
Alabama Beach Mouse
EN '= Bl-^2c
USA
Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus
Ponce de Leon Beach Mouse
EX '-
USA
Peromyscus polionotus leucocephabts
Santa Rosa Beach Mouse
LR « nt
USA
Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis
St Andrews Beach Mouse
EN »"- Bl+2c
USA
Peromyscus polionotus phasma
Anastasia Island Beach Mouse
EN "- Bl+2c
USA
Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis
Perdido Key Beach Mouse
CR «- Bl+2c
USA
Reithrodontomys raviventris
halicoetes
Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse
LR '- cd
USA
Reithrodontomys raviventris
raviventris
Red-bellied Harvest Mouse
EN '- A2c, Bl+2c
USA
Sigmodon arizonae arizonae
Arizona Cotton Rat
EX '^-
USA
Sigmodon fulviventer goldmani
Hot Springs Cotton Rat
EX «^
USA
Synaptomys cooperi paludis
Kansas Bog Lemming
EX "
USA
Synaptomys cooperi relictus
Nebraska Bog Lemming
EX "
USA
Order LAGOMORPHA
Family OCHOTONIDAE
Ochotona alpina hoffmanni
VU '" D2
Mongolia
Ochotona census morosa
DD '"
China
Ochotona cansus sorella
EN '" A2d
China
Ochotona pallasi hamica
CR ">* Ala+2d
China, Mongolia
Ochotona pallasi sunidica
EN '« A2d
China
Ochotona princeps goldmani
VU '» Dl
USA
Ochotona princeps lasalensis
VU "» Dl
USA
Ochotona princeps nevadensis
VU "» Dl
USA
Ochotona princeps nigrescens
VU '« Dl
USA
Ochotona princeps obscura
VU '" B1+2C
USA
Ochotona princeps sheltoni
VU '« Dl
USA
Ochotona princeps tutelata
VU '" B1-I-2C
USA
Ochotona thihetana huangensis
EN '" A2d
China
Ochotona thibetana sikimaria
CR "" Alac
India
233
Subspecies and populations
Family LEPORIDAE
Sylvilagus palustris hefneri
Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit
EN '" Alab, Bl+2cd, C2a, Dl
USA
Class REPTILIA
Order SAURIA
Family AGAMmAE
Tympanocryptis lineata pinguicolla
South-eastern Lined Earless Dragon
VU "• Ale, Bl+2c
Australia
Family IGUANTOAE
Cyclura carinata bartschi
Booby Cay Ground Iguana
CR " Bl+2bce, C2b
Bahamas
Cyclura carinata carinata
Turks and Caicos Ground Iguana
CR " Bl+2abcde
Turks and Caicos Islands
Cyclura cornuta comuta
VU '" Alacde
Dominican Republic, Haiti
Cyclura comuta stejnejeri
EN '»= Alcde+2ce
Puerto Rico
Cyclura cychlura cychlura
Andros Island Rock Iguana
VU " Alace, Bl+2b, CI
Bahamas
Cyclura cychlura figginsi
Exuma Island Rock Iguana
EN " CI
Bahamas
Cyclura cychlura inornata
Allen's Cay Rock Iguana
EN " Bl+2c
Bahamas
Cyclura nubila caymanensis
Cayman Island Ground Iguana
CR " Bl+2abcde
Cayman Islands
Cyclura nubila tewisi
Cayman Island Ground Iguana
CR " BI+2bce,C2b
Cayman Islands
Cyclura nubila nubila
Cuban Ground Iguana
VU " Alacde+2ce
Cuba
Cyclura rileyi cristata
San Salvador Rock Iguana
CR » Bl+2e, C2b
Bahamas
Cyclura rileyi nuchalis
San Salvador Rock Iguana
EN " Bl+2c,C2a
Bahamas
Cyclura rileyi rileyi
San Salvador Rock Iguana
EN " C2a
Bahamas
Family LACERXmAE
Lacerta vivipara pannonica
VU « Bl+2bcd,C2a
Austria, Hungary
Family PYGOPODIDAE
Aprasia rostrata rostrata
Hermite Island Worm-lizard
VU '' D2
Australia
Family SCINCroAE
Egernia pulchra longicauda
Jurien Bay Rock-skink
VU " D2
Australia
Egernia stokesii aethiops
VU " D2
Australia
Egernia stokesii badia
EN " Ale
Australia
Eulamprus tympanum marnieae
EN " Bl+2c
Australia
Order SERPENTES
Family BOmAE
Epicrates monensis granti
Virgin Islands Boa
EN '" Bl+2bcde
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (British),
Virgin Islands (US)
Epicrates monensis monensis
Mona Island Boa
EN '" C2b
Puerto Rico
Morelia spilota imbricata
Western Australian Carpet Python
LR '" nt
Australia
Family COLUBRmAE
Natrix natrix cetti
Sardinian Grass Snake
CR " A 1 ac, B 1 -l-2abcde, C2a
Italy
Natrix natrix schweizeri
CR " A 1 bcd-H2bcd, B 1 -H2bce, C2a
Greece
Family ELAPIDAE
Notechis ater ater
Krefft's Tiger Snake
VU '" Bl+2c
Australia
Family VIPERTOAE
Vipera ursinii moldavica
CR " Bl+2abcde, Cl-H2a
Romania
Vipera ursinii rakosiensis
Orsini's Viper
EN " Bl-H2bcde, C2a
Austria (ex?), Hungary
Order TESTUDINES
Family CHELONimAE
Chelonia mydas
Green Turtle
(Mediterranean population)
CR ' Ala, Bl+2ce, E
Cyprus, Turkey
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Family TESTUDINIDAE
Geochelone nigra abingdoni
Abingdon Island Tortoise
EW '"
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra becki
Volcan Wolf Tortoise
VU ''"• D1-H2
Ecuador (GalSpagos Is)
Geochelone nigra chathamensis
Chatham Island Tortoise
VU "<■ Dl+2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra darwini
James Island Tortoise
EN ■" C2a
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra ephippium
Duncan Island Tortoise
EW "'
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra galapagoensis
Charles Island Tortoise
EX '"
Ecuador (GalSpagos Is)
234
Fishes: bony fishes
Geochelone nigra guntheri
Sierra Negra Tortoise
EN "» C2a
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra hoodensis
Hood Island Tortoise
CR '" Dl
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra microphyes
Volcan Darwin Tortoise
VU '" Dl+2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra porteri
Indefatigable Island Tortoise
EN '" C2a
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra vandenburghi
Volcan Alcedo Tortoise
VU '" D2
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Geochelone nigra vicina
Iguana Cove Tortoise
EN "« C2a
Ecuador (Galapagos Is)
Testudo graeca nikolskii
CR " Alabcde+2bcde
Georgia, Russia
Family TRIONYCHmAE
Trionyx triunguis
African Softshell Turtle
(Mediterranean population)
CR ' C2a
Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Class AMPHIBIA
Order ANURA
Family HYLIDAE
Litoria verreauxii alpina
Whistling Tree Frog
VU ■•" A lac
Australia
Family PELOBAXmAE
Pelobates fuscus insubricus
Italian Spadefoot Toad
EN " Ale, Bl+2cd
Italy, Switzerland
Order CAUDATA
Family SALAMANDRmAE
Salamandra atra aurorae
Golden Salamander
CR " Bl+2bc
Italy
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order ACIPENSERIFORMES
Family ACIPENSERIDAE
Acipenser baerii baerii
Siberian Sturgeon
EN '™ A2d
Russia
[R. Ob, R. Taz]
Acipenser baerii baikalensis
Baikal Sturgeon
EN '™ A lace
Russia
[L. Baikal]
Acipenser baerii stenorrhynchus
Lena River Sturgeon
VU '™ A2d
Russia
[R. Yenisei, R. Lena and east
Siberian rivers]
Acipenser gueldenstaedti (S)
Russian Sturgeon
(Caspian Sea stock)
EN '™ A2d
Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Russia, Turkmenistan
Acipenser gueldenstaedti (S)
Russian Sturgeon
(Sea of Azov stock)
EN '™ Alacde+2d
Russia
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Acipenser gueldenstaedti (S)
Russian Sturgeon
(Black Sea stock)
EN '" Alacde
Hungary, Romania, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Acipenser nudiventris (S)
Ship Sturgeon
(Black Sea stock)
EN '™ Alacde+2d
Russia, Ukraine
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Acipenser nudiventris (S)
Ship Sturgeon
(Caspian Sea stock)
EN "° Alacde+2d
Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan
Acipenser nudiventris (S)
Ship Sturgeon
(Aral Sea stock).
EX '™
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Acipenser nudiventris (S)
Ship Sturgeon
(R. Danube population)
CR '™ Alcd+2cd
Hungary, Romania
Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi
Gulf Sturgeon
LR "» nt
Mexico, USA
[Atlantic (western central)]
Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus
Atlantic Sturgeon
LR '™ nt
Canada, USA
[Atlantic (northwest, western
central)]
Acipenser persicus (S)
Persian Sturgeon
(Black Sea stock)
EN '™ A lac
Georgia, Russia, Turkey
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Acipenser persicus (S)
Persian Sturgeon
(Caspian Sea stock)
VU '™ Alacde
Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia
Acipenser ruthenus (S)
Sterlet
(Caspian and Black Sea drainage
stock)
VU "" Alcd
Hungary, Romania, Russia, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Acipenser ruthenus (S)
Sterlet
VU '™ Ale
Russia
[R. Irtysh, R. Ob, R. Yenisei]
Acipenser stellatus (S)
Stellate Sturgeon
(Caspian Sea stock)
VU "° Alacde+2d
Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Russia, Turkmenistan
Acipenser stellatus (S)
Stellate Sturgeon
(Sea of Azov stock)
EN '™ A2d
Russia
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Acipenser stellatus (S)
Stellate Sturgeon
(Black Sea stock)
EN '™ Alacde+2d
Hungary, Romania, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
235
Subspecies and populations
Acipenser transmontanus (S)
White Sturgeon
EN "" Ala, Bl+2ce
USA
[R. Kootenai]
Huso huso (S)
Beluga
(Sea of Azov stock)
CR '" Alacde+2d
Russia
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Huso huso (S)
Beluga
(Black Sea stock)
EN '" Alacde+2d
Hungary, Romania, Russia, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Huso huso (S)
Beluga
(Caspian Sea stock)
EN '™ Alacde+2d
Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan,
Russia, Turkmenistan
Huso huso (S)
Beluga
(Adriatic Sea stock)
EX '™
Italy
[Mediterranean and Black Sea]
Order CLUPEIFORMES
Family CLUPEIDAE
Clupeonella abrau muhlisi
VU "» Bl+2c
Turkey
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPRINIDAE
Carassius carassius (S)
Crucian Carp
LR "" nt
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina?, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom,
Yugoslavia
Cyprinus carpio (S)
Wild Common Carp
CR '»' A2ce
Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Yugoslavia
[R. Danube]
Phoxinellus zeregii fahirae
Incilevrek Baligi
VU '«' D2
Turkey
Phoxinellus zeregii meandri
Ot Baligi
LR '" nt
Turkey
Puntius asoka
Asoka Barb
EN '" Ale, Bl+2c
Sri Lanka
Rhodeus atremius suigensis
Suigen Zenitanago
DD ""
Japan
Rhodeus oceUatus smithi
Nippon Baratanago
CR "" Alae, Bl+2e
Japan
Order CHARACIFORMES
Family CHARACIDAE
Astyanax mexicanus jordani
Sardina Ciega
VU '" Alac+2c, Bl+2c, D2
Mexico
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family PLECOGLOSSIDAE
Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis
Ryukyu Ayu-fish
EN '»' Alac, B2abce+3abc
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family SALMONmAE
Stenodus leucichthys leucichthys
Beloribitsa
EN '«' CI
Azerbaijan?, Kazakhstan, Russia
Order CYPRINODONTirORMES
Family POECILiroAE
Poeciliopsis occidentalis sonorensis
VU " Ala+2bc, Bl+2c
Mexico
Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES
Family PEGASIDAE
Eurypegasus draconis (S)
VU '™ A2d
Madagascar
[Indian Ocean (eastern, westem).
Pacific (northwest, westem central)]
Pegasus volitans (S)
(South China Sea stock)
VU "" A2d
[Pacific (northwest)]
Pegasus volitans (S)
(Philippines stock)
VU "« A2d
[Pacific (northwest)]
Order PERCIFORMES
Family PERCICHTHYIDAE
Maccullochella peelii mariensis
Mary River Cod
CR '" C2a
Australia
[R. Mary]
Family CICHLIDAE
Cichlasoma urophtalmus ericymba
Mojarra de Bulha
DD "
Mexico
Harpagochromis guiarti complex
CR "'' Alace, Bl+2acd
Uganda
[L. Victoria]
Sarotherodon galileus "Ejagham"
VU "* D2
Cameroon
[L. Ejagham]
Family XIPHimAE
Xiphias gladius (C)
(S)Times-Boldltalic"P9
Swordfish
(North Atlantic stock)
EN "' Albd
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, westem central)]
Family SCOMBRIDAE
Thunnus alalunga (C) (S)
Albacore Tuna
(North Atlantic stock)
VU '" Albd
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, westem central)]
Thunnus alalunga (C) (S)
Albacore Tuna
(South Atlantic stock)
CR '" Albd
[Atlantic (Antarctic, southeast,
southwest)]
Thunnus obesus (C) (S)
Bigeye Tuna
(Pacific stock)
EN "' Albd
236
Insects
w
[Pacific (eastern central, northeast,
northwest, southeast, southwest,
western central)]
Thunnus thynnus (C) (S)
Northern Bluefin Tuna
(Western Atlantic stock)
CR "' Albd
[Atlantic (northwest, southwest,
western central)]
Thunnus thynnus (C) (S)
Northern Bluefin Tuna
(Eastern Atlantic stock)
EN '" Albd
[Atlantic (eastern central, northeast,
southeast)]
Class CRUSTACEA
Order AMPHIPODA
Family HADZIffiAE
Hadziafragilis stochi
VU
Italy
D2
Family NIPHARGIDAE
Niphargus elegans zagrebensis
EN '" Bl+2bcde
Croatia, Slovenia
Niphargus ilidzensis slovenicus
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Niphargus orcinus orcinus
VU '" D2
Italy, Slovenia
Niphargus stygius stygius
VU '" D2
Italy, Slovenia
Order DECAPODA
Family CAMBARIDAE
Orconectes australis packardi
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes inermis testii
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Orconectes meeki brevis
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus lucifugus alachua
Alachua Light-fleeing Cave Crayfish
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus lucifugus lucifugus
Withlocoochee Light-fleeing Cave
Crayfish
EN ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus rogersi campestris
VU ' B1+2C
USA
Procambarus rogersi expletus
CR ' Bl+2c
USA
Procambarus rogersi ochlocknensis
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Procambarus rogersi rogersi
VU ' Bl+2c, Dl
USA
Order ISOPODA
Family ASELLffiAE
Asellus aquaticus carniolicus
EN '" A2e, Bl+2c
Slovenia
Asellus aquaticus cavernicolus
VU '" D2
Italy, Slovenia
Asellus aquaticus cyclobranchialis
EN '" Bl+2c
Slovenia
Proasellus parvani orientalis
VU '» D2
Slovenia
Family SPHAEROMATIDAE
Monolistra racovitzai conopyge
EN '" B1+2C
Slovenia
Family TRICHONISCroAE
Androniscus stygius dentatus
VU '" D2
Slovenia
Class INSECTA
Order LEPIDOPTERA
Family NYMPHALmAE
Danaus affinis jimiensis
VU '»' D2
Papua New Guinea
Danaus melanippus keteus
VU "» B1+2C
Indonesia
Euploea algea abjecta
Outcast Crow
VU "" B1+2C
Palau
Euploea algea eleutho
VU "« D2
Guam
Euploea algea schmeltzi
VU '" B1+2C
Western Samoa
Euploea crameri albomaculata
VU "" D2
Indonesia
Euploea mulciber elwesii
VU '»' B1+2C
Indonesia
Euploea radamanthus schreiberi
VU '" B1+2C
Indonesia
Paratica weiskei thalassina
VU "" B1+2C
Indonesia
Tirumala choaspes tumanana
Sarangani Tiger
VU "» D2
Philippines
Order ODONATA
Family AESHNIDAE
Planaeschna ishigakiana
ishigakiana
EN ''' B1+2C
Japan
Planaeschna ishigakiana nagaminei
EN '-' B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Planaeschna risi sakishimana
EN '-' Bl+2c
Japan
Family CALOPTERYGIDAE
Matrona basilaris japonica
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family COENAGRIONIDAE
Coenagrion hylasfreyi
Frey's Damselfly
CR '^ Bl+2c
Austria, Germany, Switzerland
Megalagrion amaurodytum peles
Pele Damselfly
CR '" Bl+2c
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Seychellibasis alluaudi alluaudi
CR '" Bl+2c
Seychelles
Family CORDULEGASTERTOAE
Chlorogomphus brevistigmata
okinawanus
EN '-' Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
237
Subspecies and populations
Chlorogomphus brunneus brunneus
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Chlorogomphus brunneus
keramensis
CR '" Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family CORDULIIDAE
Hemicordulia mindana nipponica
EN '"
Japan
Bl+2c
Family EUPHAEDOAE
Bayadera brevicauda ishigakiana
EN '"
Japan
Bl+2c
Family GOMPHmAE
Asiagomphus amamiensis
amamiensis
EN '^' B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Asiagomphus amamiensis
okinawanus
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Erpetogomphus lampropeltis
lampropeltis
EN '" Bl+2c
USA
Ophiogomphus incurvatus
alleghaniensis
Alleghany Snaketail Dragonfly
VU '" A2c
USA
Stylogomphus ryukyuensis asatoi
EN '-' Bl-h2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Stylogomphus ryukyuensis
watanabei
EN '=' Bl+2c
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Family LIBELLULmAE
Eleuthemis beuttikoferi quadrigutta
DD '"
Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Leucorrhinia intermedia ijimai
EN '" B1+2C
Japan
Orthetrum poecilops miyajimaense
EN '" B1+2C
Japan
Family PLATYCNEMIDAE
Coeliccia Jlavicauda masakii
EN '" Bl+2c
Japan
Coeliccia ryakyuensis amamii
EN '" B1+2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Coeliccia ryakyuensis ryukyuensis
EN '" B1-I-2C
Japan (Nansei-shoto)
Class BIVALVIA
Order UNIONOTOA
Family MARGARITITERIDAE
Margaritifera margaritifera
durrovensis
CR '" Alce-e2e
Ireland
Family UNIONmAE
Epioblasma florentina curtisi
CR -' Alee
USA
Epioblasma obliquata obliquata
EN " A2c
USA
Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua
CR -" Alee
USA
Epioblasma torulosa gubemaculum
CR -" Ale
USA
Epioblasma torulosa rangiana
CR -* Ale
USA
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa
CR -' Ale
USA
Lampsilis reeviana brevicula
LR " nt
USA
Lampsilis reeviana reeviana
VU -" A2c
USA
Lampsilis straminea claibomensis
LR » nt
USA
Lampsilis straminea straminea
LR » nt
USA
Lasmigona complanata alabamensis
LR '-' nt
USA
Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica
LR " nt
USA
Class GASTROPODA
Order
ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
Family HELICINIDAE
Pleuropoma zigzac ponapense
DD '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Pleuropoma zigzac zigZac
DD '"
Federated States of Micronesia
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Family CYCLOPHORIDAE
Maizania hildebrandti thikensis
EN '" Bl-h2ac
Kenya
Family HYDROBIIDAE
Mexipyrgus churinceanus carranzae
Mexipyrgus de Carranza Snail
VU '" D2
Mexico
Mexipyrgus churinceanus
churinceanus
Mexipyrgus de Churince Snail
VU '« D2
Mexico
Mexipyrgus churinceanus
escobedae
Mexipyrgus de Escobeda Snail
VU '" D2
Mexico
Mexipyrgus churinceanus lugoi
Mexipyrgus de Lugo Snail
VU '" D2
Mexico
Mexipyrgus churinceanus
mojarralis
Mexipyrgus de West El Mojarral
Snail
VU "" D2
Mexico
Mexipyrgus churinceanus
multilineatus
Mexipyrgus de East El Mojarral Snail
VU '" D2
Mexico
Order STYLOMMATOPHORA
Family ACHATINELLIDAE
Achatinella apexfulva vittata
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
Achatinella bulimoides rosea
EX '"
USA (Hawaiian Is)
4
238
I
Molluscs: snails
Family ALYCAEIDAE
Chamalychaeus itonis nakashimai
DD '"
Japan
Family BRADYBAENIDAE
Chlorilis hungerfordiana rufopila
VU "" D2
Hong Kong
Euhadra scaevola mikawa
DD '"
Japan
Family BULIMULroAE
Tomigenus gibberulus Digerus
EX ""
Brazil
Tomigenus turbinatus Biolocus
EX '™
Brazil
Family CAMAENIDAE
Glyptorhagada wilkawillina
umbilicata
LR '" nt
Australia
Family CLAUSILIIDAE
Alopia bielzii clathrata
LR "■' nt
Slovakia
Macrogastra lineolata euzieriana
LR " nt
France
Family HELICmAE
Leptaxis erubescens portosancti
VU '" D2
Portugal (Madeira)
Family
HELMINTHOGLYPXroAE
Eremarionta indioensis cathedralis
Cathedral Desert Snail
DD '"
USA
Eremarionta rowelli bakerensis
Baker Desert Snail
DD '"
USA
Eremarionta rowelli mccoiana
McCoy Desert Snail
DD '"
USA
Helminthoglypta arrosa pomoensis
DD '"
USA
Helminthoglypta expansilabris
mattolensis
Cape Shoulderband
DD '"
USA
Helminthoglypta nickliniana awania
Nicklin's Peninsula Snail
DD '"
USA
Helminthoglypta nickliniana
bridgesi
DD '"
USA
Helminthoglypta nickliniana
contracosta
DD "
USA
Helminthoglypta sequoicola consors
DD '"
USA
Helminthoglypta stiversiana miwoka
Dented Peninsula Snail
DD '"
USA
Helminthoglypta stiversiana
williamsi
DD '"
USA
Monadenia fidelis minor
DD '"
USA
Monadenia fidelis pronotis
Rocky Coast Sideband
DD '"
USA
Monadenia mormonum buttoni
DD '"
USA
Monadenia mormonum hirsuta
DD '"
USA
Monadenia yosemitensis
yosemitensis
Indian Yosemite Snail
DD '"
USA
Family OREOHELICmAE
Oreohelix idahoensis idahoensis
Idaho Banded Mountain Snail
DD '"
USA
Oreohelix strigosa goniogyra
Carinated Striate Banded Mountain
Snail
DD '"
USA
Family ORTHALICIDAE
Placostylus bivaricosus etheridgei
EX '»
Australia
Family PARTULffiAE
Partula suturalis
Sutural Partula
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula suturalis strigosa
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula suturalis vexillum
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula taeniata
EX '"
French Polynesia
Partula taeniata elongata
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula taeniata nucleola
EW '"
French Polynesia
Partula taeniata simulans
EW '"
French Polynesia
Family POLYGYRmAE
Mesodon clarki nantahala
Noonday Snail
DD "
USA
Mesodon clausus trossulus
Banded Mesodon
DD '"
USA
Stenotrema leai cheatumi
DD '"
USA
Family STREPTAXIDAE
Gulella conradti reductidentata
DD '"
Tanzania
Gulella gouldi globulosa
DD '"
Tanzania
Gulella gwendolinae mkusiensis
DD '"
Tanzania
Gulella lomae lornae
DD '"
Tanzania
239
Subspecies and populations
Gulella lornae major Tanzania Family SUBULINIDAE
DD '" GulelUi usagarica satura Opeas nothapalinus crenatum
Tanzania DD "^ DD "-
Gulella subhyalina addita Tanzania Tanzania
DD "= TaylorUt urguessensis subangulata Pseudoglessula leroyi fascUUa
Tanzania EN '" Bl+2ac DD '"
Gulella usagarica msambaa T^enya. Tanzania
DD '"
240
List?
Taxa removed from the 1996 Red List
Part 1 : Taxa listed in 1994, now Lower Risk : least concern
Class MAMMALIA
Order DIPROTODONTIA
Family PHALANGERffiAE
Phalanger lullulae
Woodlark Island Cuscus
Spilocuscus kraemeri
Admiralty Cuscus
Family MACROPODIDAE
Petrogale lateralis
Black-footed Rock-wallaby
Order INSECTIVORA
Family TENRECffiAE
Geogale aurita
Large-eared Tenrec
Microgale brevicaudata
Short-tailed Shrew-tenrec
Microgale longicaudata
Lesser Long-tailed Shrew-tenrec
Family CHRYSOCHLORIDAE
Amblysomus iris
Zulu Golden Mole
Calcochloris obtusirostris
Yellow Golden Mole
Family EREVACEEDAE
Atelerix frontalis
South African Hedgehog
Family SORICIDAE
Crocidura crenata
Crocidura grassei
Crocidura lanosa
Crocidura manengubae
Crocidura maquassiensis
Makwassie Musk Shrew
Crocidura nimbae
Paracrocidura maxima
Sylvisorex ollula
Sylvisorex vulcanorum
Order CHIROPTERA
Family PTEROPODroAE
Pteropus anetianus
White Flying-fox
Order PRIMATES
Family LEMURTOAE
Eulemur fulvus albifrons
White-fronted Lemur
Eulemur fulvus fulvus
Brown Lemur
Eulemur fulvus rufus
Red-fronted Lemur
Hapalemur griseus griseus
Grey Gentle Lemur
Family MEGALADAPmAE
Lepilemur edwardsi
Milne-Edwards' Sportive Lemur
Lepilemur leucopus
White-footed Sportive Lemur
Lepilemur microdon
Light-necked Sportive Lemur
Lepilemur mustelinus
Greater Sportive Lemur
Lepilemur ruficaudatus
Red-tailed Sportive Lemur
Family INDRTOAE
Avahi laniger
Woolly Lemur
Family GALAGONIDAE
Galagoides thomasi
Thomas's Dwarf Galago
Family CALLITRICHIDAE
Callithrix intermedia
Aripuana Marmoset
Callithrix kuhli
Wied's Marmoset
Saguinus fuscicollis leucogenys
Andean Saddle-back Tamarin
Saguinus tripartitus
Golden-mantled Saddle-back
Tamarin
Family CEBmAE
Alouatta palliata aequatorialis
South Pacific Blackish Howling
Monkey
Alouatta pigra
Guatemalan Howler
Ateles geoffroyi
Geoffroy's Spider Monkey
Ateles paniscus
Black Spider Monkey
Cacajao melanocephalus
Black Uakari
Callicebus torquatus lucifer
Widow Monkey
Chiropotes albinasus
White-nosed Bearded Saki
Lagothrix lagotricha
Common Woolly Monkey
Pithecia aequatorialis
Equatorial Saki
Order CARNIVORA
Family CANTOAE
Canis lupus
Grey Wolf
Dusicyon griseus
Grey Zorro
Family FELffiAE
Felis margarita
Sand Cat
Leopardus wiedii
Margay
Oncifelis colocolo
Pampas Cat
Otocolobus manul
Pallas's Cat
Profelis aurata
African Golden Cat
Family HYAENffiAE
Hyaena brunnea
Brown Hyaena
241
Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List
Family OTARIIDAE
Neophoca cinerea
Australian Sea Lion
Family PHOCmAE
Phoca vitulina stejnegeri
Western Pacific Harbour Seal
Order CETACEA
Family NEOBALAElVroAE
Caperea marginata
Pygmy Right Whale
Family DELPfflNmAE
Delphinus delphis
Common Dolphin
Globicephala melas
Long-fmned Pilot Whale
Lagenorhynchus acutus
Atlantic White-sided Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus albirostris
White-beaked Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus cruciger
Hourglass Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
Pacific White-sided Dolphin
Lissodelphis borealis
Northern Right Whale Dolphin
Peponocephala electro
Melon- headed Whale
Pseudorca crassidens
False Killer Whale
Family PHYSETERIDAE
Kogia breviceps
Pygmy Sperm Whale
Kogia simus
Dwarf Sperm Whale
Order PERISSODACTYLA
Family EQUIDAE
Equus kiang holdereri
Eastern Kiang
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Family BOVmAE
Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica
Balkan Chamois
Order RODENTIA
Family SCIURIDAE
Pteromys momonga
Small Japanese Flying-squirrel
Family GEOMYmAE
Thomomys umbrinus emotus
Southern Pocket Gopher
Family HETEROMYroAE
Perognathus inomatus
psammophilus
Salinas Pocket Mouse
Family DIPODmAE
Zapus hudsonius luteus
Meadow Jumping Mouse
Family MURIDAE
Aethomys silindensis
Selinda Veld Rat
Batomys grand
Luzon Forest Rat
Delanymys brooksi
Delany's Mouse
Eliurus minor
Gerbillus acticola
Gerbillus muriculus
Gerbillus rosalinda
Heimyscus fumosus
Hylomyscus baeri
Hylomyscus parvus
Malacomys verschureni
Microtus breweri
Beach Vole
Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris
Southeastern Beach Mouse
Sigmodon arizonae plenus
Colorado River Cotton Rat
Thamnomys venustus
Wilfredomys oenax
Zelotomys woosnami
Order LAGOMORPHA
Family OCHOTONIDAE
Ochotona alpina nitida
Ochotona nubrica
Nubra Pika
Family LEPORIDAE
Lepus othus
Alaskan Hare
Class AVES
Order FALCONIFORMES
Family ACCIPITRIDAE
Milvus milvus
Red Kite
Family FALCGNTOAE
Micrastur buckleyi
Buckley's Forest-Falcon
Order GRUIFORMES
Family OXroiDAE
Chlamydotis undulata
Houbara Bustard
Order PSITTACIFORMES
Family PSITTACroAE
Pezoporus wallicus
Ground Parrot
Order PASSERIFORMES
Family TYRANNBDAE
Todirostrum senex
Buff-cheeked Tody-Flycatcher
Family CAMPEPHAGmAE
Coracina schistacea
Slaty Cuckooshrike
Coracina sula
Sula Cicadabird
Family MUSCICAPIDAE
Amytornis goyderi
Eyrean Grasswren
Zoothera kibalensis
Kibale Ground-Thrush
Family NECTARINIIDAE
Nectarinia buettikoferi
Apricot-breasted Sunbird
Nectarinia prigoginei
Prigogine's Double-collared Sunbird
Family ZOSTEROProAE
Zosterops sanctaecrucis
Nendo White-eye
Class REPTILIA
Order CROCODYLIA
Family CROCODYLroAE
Crocodylus porosus
Estuarine Crocodile
242
Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA
Family SPHENODONTTOAE
Sphenodon punctatus
Cook Strait Tuatara
Order SAURIA
Family GEKKONIDAE
Hoplodactylus chrysosireticus
Gold-striped Gecko
Hoplodactylus duvauceli
Duvaucel's Gecko
Naultinus rudis
Rough Gecko
Family LACERXmAE
Archaeolacerta monticola
Iberian Rock Lizard
Lacerta australis
Southern Rock Lizard
Family SCINCroAE
Cyclodina oliveri
Marbled Skink
Oligosoma notosaurus
Southern Skink
Family VARANfflAE
Varanus flavescens
Yellow Monitor
Order SERPENTES
Family VIPERIDAE
Vipera raddei
Armenian Viper
Order TESTUDI>fES
Family CHELIDAE
Emydura signata
Brisbane Short-necked Turtle
Family EMYDmAE
Mauremys annamensis
Annam Leaf Turtle
Class AMPHIBIA
Order ANURA
Family HYLffiAE
Litoria castanea
Yellow-spotted Tree Frog
Litoria dentata
Bleating Tree Frog
Litoria lesueuri
Lesueur's Frog
Litoria verreauxii
Whistling Tree Frog
Family HYPEROLiroAE
Afrixalus aureus
Golden Dwarf Reed Frog
Family LEIOPELMATmAE
Leiopelma hochstetteri
Hochstetter's Frog
Family LEPTODACTYLIDAE
Paratelmatobius gaigeae
Family RANffiAE
Rana vertebralis
Water Frog
Class ACTINOPTERYGH
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPREVmAE
Chondrostoma wiltkommii
Discherodontus halei
Hemigrammocapoeta kemali
Leuciscus carolitertii
Family CATOSTOMIDAE
Moxostoma atripinne
Blackfin Sucker
Order SILURIFORMES
Family MOCHOKmAE
Chiloglanis swierstrai
Lowveld Suckermouth
Order ATHERINIFORMES
Family ATHERINIDAE
Chilatherina axelrodi
Axelrod's Rainbowfish
Craterocephalus kailolae
Kailola's Hardyhead
Glossolepis maculosus
Spotted Rainbowfish
Melanotaenia catherinae
Waigeo Rainbowfish
Melanotaenia iris
Strickland Rainbowfish
Melanotaenia maylandi
Mayland's Rainbowfish
Melanotaenia misoolensis
Misool Rainbowfish
Melanotaenia papuae
Papuan Rainbowfish
Pseudomugil connieae
Popondetta Blue-Eye
Pseudomugil furcatus
Forktail Blue-Eye
Pseudomugil majusculus
Cape Blue-Eye
Rheocles alaotrensis
Katrana
Telmatherina bonti
Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Family APLOCHEILIDAE
Pachypanchax omalonotus
Rivulus marmoratus
Rivulus
Family CYPRINGDONXroAE
Aphanius chantrei
Dislisazancik Baligi
Cyprinodon atrorus
Perrito del Bolson
Cyprinodon bifasciatus
Perrito de Cuatro Cienegas
Cyprinodon nazas
Cachorrito del Aguanaval
Fundulus lima
Killifish
L
Family TESTUDINIDAE
Gopherus berlandieri
Texas Tortoise
Testudo marginata
Marginated Tortoise
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family SALMONIDAE
Coregonus artedii
Cisco
243
Order BELONIFORMES
Family HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Zenacrhopterus roberisi
Robert's River Garfish
Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List
Order SCORPAENIFORMES
Family COTTmAE
Myoxocephatus quadricornis
Fourhom Sculpin
Order PERCIFORMES
Family AMBASSIDAE
Atnbassis elongatus
Yellow-Fin Perchlet
Family TERAPONTIDAE
Pingalla gilberti
Gilberts Grunter
Family KUHLIIDAE
Kuhlia murginata
Spotted Flagtail
Family TGXOTIDAE
Toxotes oligolepis
Big Scale Archerfish
Family CICHLIDAE
Paratilapia polleni
Marakely
Family MUGILCDAE
Myxus capensis
Freshwater Mullet
Family ELEOTRIDAE
Hypseleotris aurea
Golden Gudgeon
Mogurnda lineata
Kokoda Mogurnda
Mogurnda orientalis
Eastern Mogurnda
Ratsirakia legendrei
Class CRUSTACEA
Order ANOSTRACA
Family BRANCHINECTIDAE
Branchinecta gigas
Giant Fairy Shrimp
Order ISOPODA
Family SPHAEROMATmAE
Thermosphaeroma subequalum
Class INSECTA
Order LEPIDOPTERA
Family NYMPHALIDAE
Euploea configurata
Sulawesi Striped Blue Crow
Euploea dentiplaga
Seram Crow
Euploea doretta
Pagenstecher's Crow
Euploea eboraci
Bismark Crow
Euploea eupator
Sulawesi Pied Crow
Euploea latifasciata
Weymer's Crow
Ideopsis klassika
Seram Small Tree-Nymph
Parantica crowleyi
Crowley's Tiger
Parantica kirbyi
Kirby's Tiger
Parantica menadensis
Manado Yellow Tiger
Parantica pumila
Least Tiger
Parantica rotundata
Fat Tiger
Parantica weiskei
Weiske's Tiger
Tirumala gautama
Scarce Blue Tiger
Family PAPBLIONDDAE
Bhutanitis thaidina
Chinese Three-tailed Swallowtail
Ornithoptera paradisea
Paradise Birdwing
Papilio acheron
Papilio toboroi
Papilio weymeri
Order ODONATA
Family GOMPHroAE
Erpetogomphus lampropeUis
Ophiogomphus cecilia
244
Family LIBELLULroAE
Leucorrhinia albifrons
Leucorrhinia caudalis
Class BIVAL VIA
Order VENEROmA
Family TRmACNIDAE
Tridacna crocea
Crocus Clam
Class GASTROPODA
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Family CYCLOPHORIDAE
Craspedoma costata
Family HYDRGBITOAE
Bythinella reyniesii
Bythiospeum bressanum
Bythiospeum diaphanum
Graziana lacheineri
Graziana pupula
Moitessieria rolandiana
Moitessieria simoniana
Family POMATIASroAE
Pomatias raricosta
Order STYLOMMATOPHORA
Family ARIONIDAE
Geomalacus maculosus
Family BULIMULroAE
Napaeus pygmaeus
Family CAMAENIDAE
Amplirhagada elevata
Prymnbriareus nimberlinus
Setobaudinia collingii
Torresitrachia crawfordi
1
1
Family CHAROPIDAE
Semperdon heptaptychius
Family CHONDREMIDAE
Solatopupa guidoni
Family COCHLICOPmAE
Cochlicopa nitens
Family ENIDAE
'Napaeus' alabastrinus
Family EUCONULIDAE
Ctenopkila salaziensis
Family GEOMITRIDAE
Disculella maderensis
Family HELICARIONIDAE
Helicarion australis
Family HELICELLIDAE
Cymotheba Corsica
Family HELICIDAE
Elona quimperiana
GUtenbergeri turriplana
Hemicycla modesta
Hemicycla plicaria
Trissexodon constrictus
Family PUPILLIDAE
Leiostyla fusca
Leiostyla vincta
Pupilla pupula
Family STREPTAXIDAE
Gonospira funicula
Gulella plantii
Family VERTIGEMDAE
Cylindrovertilla kingi
Family VITRINroAE
Phenacolimax atlantica
Part II : Taxa listed in 1994, now Not Evaluated
Class MAMMALIA
Family VESPERTILIONIDAE
Lasiurus cinereus semotus
Hawaiian Hoary Bat
Myotis formosus bartelsi
Barter sMyotis
Order PRIMATES
Family LEMURIDAE
Eulemur fulvus mayottensis
Mayotte Lemur
Family CERCOPITHECIDAE
Cercocebus albigena aterrimus
Black Mangabey
Cercocebus torquatus torquatus
Collared Mangabey
Macacafuscata yakui
Yakushima Macaque
Macaca ochreata brunnescens
Muna-Butung Macaque
Macaca pagensis pagensis
Mentawai Macaque
Macaca tonkeana hecki
Heck's Macaque
Procolobus badius ellioti
Elliot's Red Colobus
Procolobus badius oustaleti
Oustalet's Red Colobus
Procolobus badius tephrosceles
Uganda Red Colobus
Procolobus badius tholloni
Thollon's Red Colobus
Order CARNIVORA
Family MUSTELmAE
Lutra longicaudis longicaudis
La Plata Otter
Lutra lutra lutra
European Otter
Order ARTIODACTYLA
Family BOVIDAE
Ammotragus lervia omatus
Egyptian Barbary Sheep
Ovis orientalis orientalis
Red Sheep
Order RODENTIA
Family SCIURTOAE
Glaucomys volans goldmani
Mexican Flying Squirrel
Glaucomys volans guerreroensis
Guerrero Flying Squirrel
Glaucomys volans oaxacensis
Oaxaca Rying Squirrel
Ratufa indica dealbata
Dangs Giant Squirrel
Ratufa indica elphinstoni
Maharashtra Giant Squirrel
Family CASTORroAE
Castor canadensis frondator
Broad-tail Beaver
Castor canadensis mexicanus
Rio Grande Beaver
Castor fiber birulai
Mongolian Beaver
Family MURffiAE
Microtus mexicanus navaho
Microtus pennsylvanicus
chihuahuensis
Chihuahua Vole
Reithrodontomys megalotis limicola
Southern Marsh Harvest Mouse
Order MACROSCELroEA
Family MACRGSCELmroAE
Petrodromus tetradactylus sangi
Four-toed Elephant-shrew
Rhynchocyon cirnei cirnei
Chequered Elephant-shrew
Rhynchocyon cirnei hendersoni
Henderson's Chequered
Elephant-shrew
Class AVES
Order STRIGIFORMES
Family STRIOmAE
Otus magicus albiventris
Flores Scops-Owl
245
Taxa removed from the 1996 Red List
Ottts spilocephalus stresemanni
Sumatran Scops-Owl
Order CORACIIFORMES
Family ALCEDEVIDAE
Todirhamphus cinnamominus
miyakoensis
Ryukyu Kingfisher
Order PASSERIFORMES
Family COTINGroAE
Laniisoma elegans elegans
Shrike-like Cotinga
Class REPTILIA
Order SAURIA
Family AMELLffiAE
Anniella pulchra nigra
Black Legless Lizard
Family IGUANffiAE
Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei
San Diego Homed Lizard
Family LACERTTOAE
Podarcis filfolemis filfolensis
Filfola Lizard
Family SCINCIDAE
Eulamprus tympanum ssp.
Dreeite Water Skink
Gongylomorphus bojerii fontenayi
Macabe Forest Skink
Family VARANTOAE
Varanus griseus caspius
Central Asian Desert Monitor
Order SERPENTES
Family BOmAE
Charina bottae umbratica
Rubber Boa
Epicrates striatus fosteri
Bahamas Boa
Family COLUBRroAE
Drymarchon corais couperi
Eastern Indigo Snake
Masticophis flagellum ruddocki
San Joaquin Coachwhip
Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus
Almeda Striped Racer
Nerodia fasciata taeniata
Atlantic Saltmarsh Snake
Nerodia harteri paucimaculata
Concho Water Snake
Nerodia sipedon insularum
Lake Erie Water Snake
Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia
San Francisco Garter Snake
Family VIPERffiAE
Crotalus willardi obscurus
New Mexican Ridge-nosed
Rattlesnake
Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana
Transcaucasian Long-nosed Viper
Order TESTUDEVES
Family EMYDTOAE
Trackemys scripta callirostris
Colombian Slider
Trachemys stejnegeri malonei
Inagua Island Turtle
Trachemys terrapen felis
Cat Island Freshwater Turtle
Family TESTUDINffiAE
Testudo graeca graeca
Spur-thighed Tortoise
Testudo hermanni boettgeri
Eastern Hermann's Tortoise
Class AMPfflBIA
Order ANURA
Family DISCOGLOSSroAE
Discoglossus jeanneae
Family HYLffiAE
Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
Illinois Chorus Frog
Order CAUDATA
Family AMBYSTOMATIDAE
Ambystoma dumerilii dumerilii
Lake Patzcuaro Salamander
Ambystoma macrodactylum
croceum
Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander
246
Class
CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI
Order
PETROMYZONTIFORMES
Family PETROMYZONXroAE
Lampetra tridentata ssp.
Pacific Lamprey
Class ACTINOPTERYGn
Order CYPRINIFORMES
Family CYPRINmAE
Cyprinella sp.
Sardinita Nazas
Dionda episcopa ssp.
Roundnose Minnow
Gila bicolor ssp.
Tui Chub
Gila robusta ssp.
Roundtail Chub
Lepidomeda mollispinis ssp.
Virgin Spinedace
Pseudorasbora pumila ssp.
Ushimotsugo
Rhinichthys cataractae ssp.
Longnose Dace
Rhinichthys osculus ssp.
Speckled Dace
Family CATOSTOMIDAE
Catostomus sp.
Salish Sucker
Catostomus catostomus lacustris
Jasper Longnose Sucker
Catostomus clarki intermedius
White River Sucker
Catostomus dicobolus yarrowi
Zuni Bluehead Sucker
Catostomus occidentalis
lacusanserinus
Goose Lake Sucker
Catostomus rimiculus ssp.
Jenny Creek Sucker
Chasmistes liorus liorus
June Sucker
Chasmistes liorus mictus
June Sucker
Moxostoma sp.
Bighead Redhorse
J
Order SILURIFORMES
Family ICTALURIDAE
Ictalurus sp.
Bagre de Cuatro Cienegas
Family BAGRmAE
Pseudobagrus sp.
Gibachi
Family PLOTOSIDAE
Neosilurus sp. 1
Dalhousie Catfish
Neosilurus sp. 2
Cooper Creek Tandan
Neosilurus sp. 3
False Spine Catfish
Tandanus sp.
Belinger River Tandan
Order SALMONIFORMES
Family SALMONIDAE
Coregonus sp. 1
Opeongo Whitefish
Coregonus sp. 2
Squanga Whitefish
Oncorhynchus sp.
Trucha de Yaqui
Oncorhynchus clarki ssp.
Cutthroat Trout
Order OPHIDIIFORMES
Family BYTHITmAE
Typhliasina sp.
Nueva Dama Ciega
Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES
Family CYPRINODONTIDAE
Cyprinodon eximius ssp.
Conchos Pupfish
Cyprinodon macularius ssp.
Desert Pupfish
Cyprinodon nevadensis ssp.
Amargosa Pupfish
Cyprinodon salinus milleri
Cottonball Marsh Pupfish
Cyprinodon salinus salinus
Salt Creek Pupfish
Family GOODEroAE
Empetrichthys latos concavus
Raycraft Ranch Poolfish
Empetrichthys latos latos
Pahnimp Poolfish
Empetrichthys latos pahrump
Pahrump Ranch Poolfish
Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES
Family GASTEROSTEroAE
Gasterosteus sp. 1
Giant Stickleback
Gasterosteus sp. 2
Enos Stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus santaeannae
Santa Ana Stickleback
Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni
Unarmored Threespine Stickleback
Pungitius sp.
Musashitomiyo
Order PERCIFORMES
Family TERAPGNXroAE
Scortum sp.
Angalarri Grunter
Family CENTRARCHTOAE
Lepomis megalotis ssp.
Mojarra de Cuatro Cienegas
Micropterus salmoides ssp.
Robalo de Cuatro Cienegas
Family ELASSOMATmAE
Elassoma sp.
Spring Pygmy Sunfish
Family PERCTOAE
Etheostoma sp.
Dardo de Cuatro Cienegas
Family CICHLIDAE
Oreochromis alcalicus grahami
Lake Magadi Tilapia
Family EMBIOTOCroAE
Hysterocarpus traskipomo
Russian River Tule Perch
Family ELEOTRIDAE
Mogurnda sp. I
False-Spotted Gudgeon
Mogurnda sp. 2
Flinders Ranges Gudgeon
Mogurnda sp. 3
Karamui Gudgeon
Mogurnda sp. 4
Wau Gudgeon
Mogurnda sp. 5
Highlands Gudgeon
Mogurnda sp. 6
Malas Gudgeon
Mogurnda adspersa
Purple Spotted Gudgeon
Family GOBimAE
Glossogobius sp. 1
Mountain Goby
Glossogobius sp. 2
Irian Goby
Glossogobius sp. 3
Robert's Goby
Glossogobius sp. 4
Bluntsnout Goby
Glossogobius sp. 5
Sentani Goby
Glossogobius sp. 6
Fly River Goby
Glossogobius sp. 7
Kutubu Goby
Glossogobius sp. 8
Bighead Goby
Glossogobius sp. 9
Ramu Goby
Glossogobius sp. 10
Mulgrave Goby
Pseudogobiopsis sp.
Red-spotted Goby
Class CRUSTACEA
Order ANASPmACEA
Family ANASPIDIDAE
Anaspides sp.
Syncarid Shrimps
Order ISOPODA
Family PHREATOICIDAE
Mesacanthotelson setosis
Family STYLONISCIDAE
Styloniscus sp. 1
Class INSECTA
Order BLATTARIA
Family BLATTIDAE
Aspiduchus cavernicola
Tuna Cave Roach
247
Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List
Order COLEOPTERA
Family ANOBIIDAE
Holcobius pikoensis
Piko Anobiid Beetle
Family ANTHICmAE
Anthicus antiochensis
Antioch Dunes Beetle
Family CARABIDAE
Agonum belleri
Belief's Ground Beetle
Aplothorax burchelli
Mormolyce phyllodes
Ghost Walker Beetle
Rhadine persephone
Tooth Cave Ground Beetle
Sphaeroderus schaumi shenandoah
Schaum's Blue Ridge Ground Beetle
Family CERAMBYCIDAE
Aeschrithmysus dubautianus
Aeschrithmysus swezeyi
Aeschrithmysus terryi
Crossidius mojavensis mojavensis
Mojave Rabbitbrush Longhom Beetle
Desmocerus californicus dimorphus
Valley Elderberry Longhom Beetle
Dryobius sexnotatus
Six-banded Longhom Beetle
Necydalis rudei
Rude's Longhom Beetle
Nesithmysus bridwelli
Nesithmysus frobesi
Nesithmysus haasi
Nesithmysus swezeyi
Family CHRYSOMELmAE
Donacia idola
Bog Idol Leaf Beetle
Family CICINDELIDAE
Cicindela arenicola
Idaho Dunes Tiger Beetle
Cicindela cazieri
Cazier's Tiger Beetle
Cicindela chlorocephala smythi
Smyth's Tiger Beetle
Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis
North-eastern Beach Tiger Beetle
Cicindela latesignata obliviosa
Oblivious Tiger Beetle
Cicindela limbata albissima
Coral Pink Dunes Tiger Beetle
Cicindela marginata
Tiger Beetle
Cicindela nevadica olmosa
Los Olmos Tiger Beetle
Cicindela nigrocoerula subtropica
Subtropical Blue-Black Tiger Beetle
Cicindela obsoleta neojuvenalis
Neojuvenile Tiger Beede
Cicindela tranquebarica viridissima
Greenest Tiger Beetle
Family CURCULIONIDAE
Anagotus fairbumi
Flax Weevil
Anagotus stephenensis
Stephen's Island Weevil
Anagotus turbotti
Turbott's Weevil
Deinocossonus nesiotes
Oahu Nesiotes Weevil
Dysticheus rotundicollis
Antioch Dune Weevil
Hadramphus spinipennis
Coxella Weevil
Hadramphus stilbocarpae
Knobbled Weevil
Heteramphus filicum
Heterexis seticostatus
Karocolens pittospori
Lyperobius huttoni
Wellington Speargrass Weevil
Megacolabus sculpturatus
Microcryptorhynchus orientissimus
Miloderes nelsoni
Nelson's Weevil
Miloderes rulieni
Rulien's Weevil
Nesotocus giffordi
Gifford's Weevil
Nesotocus kauaiensis
Kauai Weevil
Nesotocus munroi
Munro's Weevil
Nothaldonis peaci
Oclandius laeviusculus
Onchobarus langei
Lange's El Segundo Dune Weevil
Pentarthrum obscura
Obscure Weevil
Pentarthrum pritchardias
Rhyncogonus hendersoni
Stenotrupis pritchardiae
Nihoa Weevil
Trigonoscuta brunnotesselata
248
Brown-tassel Weevil
Trigonoscuta dorothea dorothea
Dorothy's El Segundo Dune Weevil
Trigonoscuta doyeni
Doyen's Dune Weevil
Unas piceus
Family DYTISCIDAE
Agabus rumppi
Death Valley Agabus Diving Beetle
Aglymbus bimaculatus
Aglymbus bromeliarum
Colymbetes piceus
Deronectes costipennis
Deronectes wewatkai
Desmopachria conchramis
Fig Seed Diving Beetle
Dytiscus lapponicus disjunctus
Haideoporus texanus
Texas Cave Beetle
Hydaticus decorus
Hydaticus okalehubyi
Hydroporus elusivus
Elusive Diving Beetle
Hydroporus folkertsi
Folkert's Diving Beetle
Hydroporus hirsutus
Woolly Diving Beetle
Hydroporus humilis
Hydroporus leechi
Leech's Skyline Diving Beetle
Hydroporus mariannae
Hydroporus oasis
Hydroporus productus
Hydroporus spangleri
Spangler's Diving Beetle
Hydroporus sulphurius
Sulphur Springs Diving Beetle
Hydroporus utahensis
Utah Diving Beetle
Hygrotus curvipes
Curved-foot Diving Beetle
Hygrotus diversipes
Narrow-foot Diving Beetle
Hygrotus fontinalis
Travertine Band-thigh Diving Beetle
Hygrotus sylvanus
Sylvan Diving Beetle
Hyphydrus dani
Lacconectus birmanicus
Lacconectus corayi
Lacconectus heinertzi
Lacconectus javanicus
I
i
Lacconectus laccophiloides
Lacconectus minutus
Lacconectus muluensis
Lacconectus oceanicus
Lacconectus pulcher
Lacconectus punctatus
Lacconectus punctipennis
Lacconectus ritsemae
Lacconectus sabahensis
Platynectes buruensis
Platynectes decastigma
Pleurodytes dineutoides
Potamonectes canariensis
Potamonectes cazorlensis
Potamonectes insignis
Potamonectes lanceolatus
Potamonectes walkeri
Rhantus crypticus
Rhantus limbatus
Sandracottus baeri
Sandracottus bizonatus
Sandracottus chevrolati
Sandracottus maculatus
Sandracottus rotundatus
Family ELATERTOAE
Amychus candezei
Chatham Island Amychus
Amychus granulatus
Cook Strait Amychus
Eanus hatchi
Family ELIVUNTHEDAE
Atractelmis wawona
Wawawona Riffle Beetle
Cylloepus parkeri
Parker's Riffle Beetle
Dubiraphia brunnescens
Brownish Riffle Beetle
Dubiraphia giulianii
Giuliani's Riffle Beetle
Dubiraphia parva
Little Riffle Beetle
Dubiraphia robusta
Robust Riffle Beetle
Heterelmis stephani
Stephan's Riffle Beetle
Huleechius marroni carolus
Marron's San Carlos Riffle Beetle
Microcylloepus browni
Brown's Riffle Beetle
Optioservus browni
Brown's Riffle Beetle
Optioservus canus
Pinnacles Riffle Beetle
Optioservus phaeus
Scott Riffle Beetle
Stenelmis calida calida
Devil's Hole Warm Spring Riffle
Beetle
Stenelmis calida moapa
Moapa Warm Springs Riffle Beetle
Stenelmis douglasensis
Douglas Riffle Beetle
Zaitzeva thermae
Warm Spring Riffle Beetle
Family EUCNEMIDAE
Paleoxenus dohmi
Dohm's Elegant Eucnemid Beetle
Family GEOTRUPIDAE
Typhaeus hiostius
Family GYRINIDAE
Spanglerogyrus albiventris
Red Hills Unique Whirligig Beetle
Family HALIPLmAE
Brychius hungerfordi
Hungerford's Crawling Water Beetle
Haliplus nitens
Disjunct Crawling Water Beetle
Family HYDRAENmAE
Gymnochthebius maureenae
Maureen's Minute Moss Beetle
Hydraena maureenae
Maureen's Moss Beetle
Limnebius aridus
Animas Minute Moss Beetle
Limnebius texanus
Texas Minute Moss Beetle
Limnebius utahensis
Utah Minute Moss Beetle
Ochthebius crassalus
Wing-shoulder Minute Moss Beetle
Ochthebius putnamensis
Indiana Minute Moss Beetle
Ochthebius recticulus
Wilbur Springs Minute Moss Beetle
Family HYDROPHILIDAE
Chaetarthria leechi
Leech's Water Scavenger Beetle
Chaetarthria utahensis
Utah Water Scavenger Beetle
Cymbiodyta arizonica
Arizona Water Scavenger Beetle
Hydrochara rickseckeri
Ricksecker's Water Scavenger Beetle
Paracymus seclusus
Seclusive Water Scavenger Beetle
Family LAMPYRIDAE
Micronaspis floridana
Florida Intertidal Firefly
Photuris brunnipennis floridana
Everglades Browing Firefly
Family LUCANIDAE
Apterocychus honoluluensis
Kauai Flightless Stag Beetle
Dorcus auriculatus
Dorcus ithaginis
Family MELOIDAE
Lytta hoppingi
Hopping's Blister Beetle
Lytta inseperata
Mojave Desert Blister Beetle
Lytta mirifica
Anthony Blister Beetle
Lytta moesta
Moestan Blister Beetle
Lytta molesta
Molestan Blister Beetle
Lytta morrisoni
Morrison's Blister Beetle
Family PSEPHENTOAE
Acneus beeri
Beer's False Water Penny Beetle
Acneus burnelli
Bumell's False Water Penny Beetle
Alabamaubria starki
Stark's False Water Penny Beetle
Dicranopselaphus variegatus
Variegated False Water Penny Beetle
Psephenus arizonensis
Arizona Water Penny Beetle
Psephenus montanus
White Mountains Water Penny Beetle
Family SCARABAEIDAE
Aegialia haroyi
Hardy's Scarab Beetle
Aegialia magnifica
Large Scarab Beetle
249
Taxa removed from the 1996 Red List
Anomala exigua
Exiguous Scarab Beetle
Anomala eximia
Archbold Scarab Beetle
Anomala tibialis
Tibial Scarab Beetle
Aphodius fordi
Ford's Beetle
Aphodius troglodytes
Tortoise Commensal Scarab Beetle
Ataenius superficialis
Big Pine Key Dung Beetle
Ataenius woodruffi
Woodruffs Dung Beetle
Copris gopheri
Tortoise Commensal Scarab Beetle
Cyclocephala miamiensis
Miami Roundhead Scarab Beetle
Dynastes hercules glaseri
Dynastes hercules hercules
Hercules Beetle
Dynastes hercules reidi
Hercules Beetle
Glaresis arenata
Kelso Dune Scarab Beetle
Gronocarus multispinosus
Spiny Florida Sandhill Scarab Beetle
Lichnanthe albopilosa
White Sand Bear Scarab Beetle
Lichnanthe ursina
Pacific Sand Bear Scarab Beetle
Mycotrupes pedester
Scrub Island Burrowing Scarab
Beetle
Onthophagus polyphemi
Tortoise Commensal Scarab Beetle
Oryctes chevrolati
Peltotrupes youngi
Ocala Burrowing Scarab Beetle
Polylamina pubescens
Woody Gulf Dune Scarab Beetle
Polyphylla anteronivea
Saline Valley Snow-front Scarab
Polyphylla avittata
Spotted Warner Valley Dunes Scarab
Polyphylla barbata
Barbate Scarab Beetle
Polyphylla nubila
Atascodera Scarab Beetle
Serica frosti
Frost's Spring Scarab Beetle
Serica tantula
Tantula Scarab Beetle
Trigonopelastes floridana
Scrub Palmetto Flower Scarab Beetle
Family TROGmAE
Trox howelli
Caracara Commensal Scarab Beetle
Order COLLEMBOLA
Family NEANURIDAE
Acanthanura dendyi
Acanthanura sp.
Megalanura tasmaniae
Womersleymeria bicornis
Womersleymeria sp. I
Womersleymeria sp.2
Order DIPTERA
Family ACROCERroAE
Eulonchus marialiciae
Mary Alice's Small-headed Fly
Family APIOCERIDAE
Raphiomydas triochilus
Valley Mydas Fly
Family ASILIDAE
Cophura hurdi
Antioch Robberfly
Efferia antiochi
Antioch Robberfly
Metapogon hurdi
Hurd's Robberfly
Family ASTEIIDAE
Bryania bipunctata
Nihoa Two-spotted Asterid Fly
Family EMPromAE
Chersodromia hawaiiensis
Hawaiian Dance Fly
Family EPHYDRIDAE
Paracoenia calida
Wilber Springs Shore Fly
Family MYCETOPHILroAE
Arachnocampa tasmaniensis
Family SYRPHmAE
Mixogaster delongi
Delong's Flower Fly
Family TABANIDAE
Apatalestea rossi
Ross's Apatalestes Tabanid Fly
Asaphomyia floridensis
Florida Asaphomyian Tabanid Fly
Asaphomyia texanus
Texas Asaphomyian Tabanid Fly
Merycomyia brunnea
Brown Merycomyian Tabanid Fly
Order EPHEMEROPTERA
Family BAETDDAE
Heterocleon berneri
Bemer's Two- winged Mayfly
Family BEHNESGimAE
Dolania americana
American Sand-burrowing Mayfly
Family CAENmAE
Brachycercus flavus
Yellow Mayfly
Family EPHEMERELLmAE
Ceratella frisoni
Prison's Mayfly
Ceratella spiculosa
Spicluose Mayfly
Ephemerella argo
Argo Mayfly
Family EPHEMERmAE
Ephemera compar
Colorado Burrowing Mayfly
Ephemera triplex
West Virginia Burrowing Mayfly
Family HEPTAGENIIDAE
Pseudirion meridionalis
Meridion Blackwater Mayfly
Family OLIGONEURIIDAE
Homoeoneuria cahabensis
Cahaba Sand-filtering Mayfly
Homoeoneuria dolani
Blackwater Sand-filtering Mayfly
Family SIPHLONURIDAE
Ameletus falsus
False Mayfly
Isonychia diversa
Diverse Mayfly
Order HEMIPTERA
Family BELOSTOMAXroAE
Belostoma saratogae
Saratoga Springs Bug
250
Family LYGAEIDAE
Metrarga obscura
Mauna Loa Seed Bug
Neseis alternatus
Kauai Band-legged Seed Bug
Neseis haleakalae
Mount Haleakala Seed Bug
Nesocryptias villosa
Villosan Flightless Seed Bug
Nysius frigatensis
French Frigate Shoal Seed Bug
Nysius neckerensis
Necker Goosefoot Seed Bug
Nysius nihoae
Nihoae Seed Bug
Nysius sulfusus
Necker Bunchgrass Seed Bug
Oceanides bryani
Bryan's Seed Bug
Oceanides perkensi
Perkin's Oceanides Seed Bug
Oceanides rugosiceps
Rough-headed Seed Bug
Family MACROVELimAE
Oravelia pege
Dry Creek Cliff Strider Bug
Family MESOVELIIDAE
Cavaticovelia aaa
Aaa Water Treader-Bug
Family MIRIDAE
Cyrtopeltis phyllostegiae
Mirid Leaf Bug
Kalania hawaiiensis
Lanai Leaf Bug
Family NAUCORIDAE
Ambrysus amargosus
Ash Meadows Bug
Pelocoris shoshone
Amargosa Bug
Family REDUViroAE
Empicoris pulchrus
Pulchrus Thread Bug
Nesidiolestes ana
Ana Wingless Thread Bug
Nesidiolestes insularis
Mount Tantalus Wingless Thread
Bug
Nesidiolestes roberti
Robert's Wingless Thread Bug
Nesidiolestes selium
Selium Wingless Thread Bug
Siacella smithi
Smith's Reduviid Bug
Family RHOPALmAE
Ithamar annectans
Annectans Bug
Ithamar hawaiiensis
Hawaiian Bug
Order HOMOPTERA
Family APHIDmAE
Ceriferella leucopogonis
Family CICADELLIDAE
Felexamia rubranura
Red-veined Prairie Leafhopper
Family CICADIDAE
Maoricicada myersi
Myers' Cicada
Family CIXimAE
Oliarus consimilis
Kauai Parti-coloured Planthopper
Oliarus discrepans
Wild Cotton Planthopper
Oliarus lanaiensis
Lanai Planthopper
Oliarus lihue
Lihue Planthopper
Oliarus myoporicola
Barber's Point Planthopper
Family DELPHACmAE
Nesorestias filicicola
Mt Tantalus Shortwing Fern
Planthopper
Nesosydne acuta
lao Valley Planthopper
Nesosydne bridwelli
Bridewell's Planthopper
Nesosydne cyrtandrae
Nahiku Planthopper
Nesosydne cyrtandricola
Glenwood Planthopper
Nesosydne kuschei
Kusche's Planthopper
Nesosydne leahi
Diamond Head Planthopper
Nesosydne longipes
Long-footed Planthopper
Nesosydne sulcata
Keanae Planthopper
Family TETTIGARCXroAE
Tettigarcta tormentosa
Order HYMENOPTERA
Family ANDRENIDAE
Perdita hirticeps luteocincta
Yellow Banded Andrenid Bee
Perdita scitula antiochensis
Antioch Andrenid Bee
Family BETHYLIDAE
Sclerodermus nihoaensis
Nihoa Sclerodermus Wasp
Family EUPELMIDAE
Eupelmus nihoaensis
Nihoa Eupelmus Wasp
Family MUTILLffiAE
Myrmosula pacifica
Antioch Mutillid Wasp
Family SPHECIDAE
Deinomimesa hawaiiensis
Hawaiian Sphecid Wasp
Deinomimesa punae
Puna Sphecid Wasp
Ectemnius curtipes
Short-foot Sphecid Wasp
Ectemnius fulvicrus
Brown Cross Sphecid Wasp
Ectemnius giffardi
Giffard's Sphecid Wasp
Ectemnius haleakalae
Haleakala Sphecid Wasp
Ectemnius nesocrabo bidecoratus
Bidecoratus Sphecid Wasp
Eucerceris ruficeps
Redheaded Sphecid Wasp
Nesomimesa kauaiensis
Kauai Sphecid Wasp
Nesomimesa perkins
Nesomimesa sciopteryx
Shade-winged Sphecid Wasp
Philanthus nasalis
Antioch Sphecid Wasp
Family VESPTOAE
Odynerus niihauensis
Niihau Vespid Wasp
Odynerus soror
Soror Vespid Wasp
251
Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List
Order LEPIDOPTERA
Family ACRAEIDAE
Acraea hova
Acraea sambavae
Family CARPOSINTOAE
Heterocrossa viridis
Green Carposinid Moth
Family COCHYLffiAE
Carolella busckana
Busk's Gall Moth
Family GELECHimAE
Kiwaiajeanae
Family GEOMETRmAE
Acalyphes philorites
Dirce aesiodora
Dirce lunaris
Dirce oriplancta
Dirce Solaris
Fletcherana ioxantha
loxantha Looper Moth
Family GRACILLARimAE
Petrochroa neckerensis
Necker Leaf-miner Moth
Phildoria wilkesiella
Family HEPIALIDAE
Leto venus
Silver Spotted Ghost Moth
Zelotypia stacyi
Bent Wing Swift Moth
Family HESPERIIDAE
Antipodia chaostola leucophaea
Epargyreus antaeus
Epargyreus spana
Euscheman rafflesia
Hesperia leonard montana
Pawnee Montane Skipper
Hesperilla mastersi marakupa
Kedestes barerae bunta
Barber's Ranger
Kedestes chaca
Metisella syrinx
Bamboo Sylph
Oreisplanus tnunionga larana
Panoquina panoquinoides errans
Salt Marsh Skipper
Problema bulenta
Rare Skipper
Pseudocopaeodes eunus eunus
Wandering Skipper
Syrichtus cribrellum
Spinose Skipper
Syrichtus tessellum
Tessellated Skipper
Tsitana dicksoni
Dickson's Sylph
Family LYCAENTOAE
Aloeides dentatis dentatis
Aloeides dentatis maseruna
Aloeides trimeni southeyae
Argyrocupha malagrida
cedrusmontana
Lion's Head Copper
Argyrocupha malagrida malagrida
Lion's Head Copper
Argyrocupha malagrida maryae
Lion's Head Copper
Argyrocupha malagrida paarlensis
Lion's Head Copper
Bowkeria phosphor borealis
Bowkeria phosphor phosphor
Callophrys mossii bayensis
San Bruno Elfin
Cyclyrius mandersi
Durbania amakosa albescens
Durbania amakosa flavida
Euphilotes battoides comstocki
Comstock's Blue
Euphilotes bernardino allyni
El Segundo Blue
Euphilotes enoptes smithi
Smith's Blue
Euphilotes rita mattonii
Mattoni's Blue
Everes comyntas texanus
Texas Tailed Blue
Glaucopsyche lygdamus
palosverdesensis
Palos Verdes Blue
Hemiargus thomasi bethune-bakeri
Miami Blue Butterfly
Icaricia icarioides missionensis
Mission Blue
Icaricia icarioides moroensis
Moro Bay Blue
Icaricia icarioides pheres
Pheres Blue
lolaus diametra natalica
Lepidochrysops jamesi classensi
Lepidochrysopsjamesijamesi
Lepidochrysops methymna dicksoni
Lepidochrysops areas areas
Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis
Lotis Blue
Lycaeides melissa samuelis
Kamer Blue
Lycaena dorcas claytoni
Clayton's Copper
Maculinea teleius burdigalensis
Scarce Large Blue
Mitoura gryneus sweadneri
Sweadner's Hairstreak
Notarthrinus binghami
Oreolyce dohertyi
Naga Hedge Blue
Ornipholidotos peucetia penningtoni
White Mimic
Panchala ganesa loomisi
Tailless Blue
Phasis thero cedarbergae
Philotiella speciosa bohartorum
Bohart's Blue
Plebejus emigdionis
San Emigdio Blue
Plebejus icarioides missionensis
Mission Blue
Poecilmitis brooksi tearei
Poecilmitis nigricans nigricans
Blue Jewel Copper
Poecilmitis nigricans zwartbergae
Blue Jewel Copper
Poecilmitis pyroeis hersaleki
Pseudalmenus chlorinda chlorinda
Pseudalmenus chlorinda conara
Shijimiaeoides langstoni langstoni
Langston's Blue
Spindasis collinsi
Strymon acis bartrami
Bartram's Hairstreak
Styx infernalis
Thestor dicksoni calviniae
Dickson's Thestor
Thestor dicksoni dicksoni
Dickson's Thestor
Thestor montanus pictus
Tuxentius melaena griqua
Uranothauma usambarae
Family MEGATH'VTVIIDAE
Stallingsia maculosus
Manfreda Giant Skipper
252
Family NOCTUTOAE
Catocala marmorata
Marbled Underwing Moth
Catocala pretiosa
Precious Underwing Moth
Erythroecia hebardi
Hebard's Noctuid Moth
Lithophane lemmeri
Lemmer's Noctuid Moth
Pyreferra ceromatica
Ceromatic Noctuid Moth
Family NYMPHALIDAE
Anaeafloridalis
Florida Leafwing
Antanartia borbonica
Antanartia borbonica mauritiana
Apaturopsis kilusa
Apaturopsis pauliani
Charaxes cowani
Charaxes druceanus entabeni
Silver Barred Charaxes
Charaxes druceanus williamsi
Charaxes durnfordi nicholi
Chestnut Rajah
Charaxes karkloof capensis
Charaxes marieps
Charaxes usambarae
Charaxes xiphares desmondi
Charaxes xiphares xiphares
Western Forest Emperor
Cymothoe alcimeda alcimeda
Battling Glider
Cymothoe amaniensis
Cymothoe aurivillii
Cymothoe magambae
Cymothoe melanjae
Cymothoe teita
Doleschallia bisaltide andamana
Andaman Leafwing
Euphydryas editha bayensis
Bay Checkerspot Butterfly
Euphydryas editha monoensis
Mono Checkerspot Butterfly
Euryphura achlys
Mottled Green
Euthalia malapana
Euxanthe madagascariensis
Fabriciana elisa
Corsican Fritillary
Heliconius charitonius peruvianus
Heteronympha cordacea comptena
Hypolimnas antevorta
Hypolimnas dubius drucei
Neptis manasa
Pale Hockeystick Sailer
Phalanta philiberti
Neptis nycteas
Neptis sankara nar
Phyciodes batesi
Tawny Crescent Butterfly
Salamis angustina
Salamis Retrecie
Salamis angustina angustina
Salamis Retrecie
Salamis angustina vinsoni
Sasakia charonda
Satyrodes eurydice fumosa
Smokey Eyed Brown Butterfly
Smerina manoro
Speyeria adiaste atossa
Atossa
Speyeria callippe callippe
Callippe Silverspot
Speyeria hydaspe conquista
Silverspot
Speyeria idalia
Regal Fritillary
Speyeria nokomis caerulescens
Blue Silverspot
Speyeria nokomis nokomis
Great Basin Silverspot
Speyeria zerene behrensii
Behren's Silverspot
Speyeria zerene hippolyta
Oregon Silverspot
Speyeria zerene myrtleae
Myrtle's Fritillary
Family PAPILIONIDAE
Eurytides lysithous harrisianus
Harris' Mimic Swallowtail
Graphium alebion chungianus
Graphium antiphates ceylonicus
Sri Lankan Five-bar Swordtail
Papilio aristodemus ponceanus
Schaus' Swallowtail
Papilio desmondi teita
Taita Blue-banded Papilio
Papilio phorbanta nana
Pamassius apollo vinningensis
Pamassius clodius shepardii
Shepard's Clodius Parnassian
Pamassius clodius strohbeeni
Strohbeen's Clodius Parnassian
Troides aeacus kaguya
Family PIERTOAE
Artogeia virginiensis
West Virginia White
Belenois orgygia
Euchloe hyantis andrewsi
Andrew's Marble Butterfly
Mylothris carcassoni
Pieris krueperi devta
Family PYRALIDAE
Kupea electilis
Margaronia cyanomichla
Blue Margaronian
Margaronia exaula
Green Margaronian
Oeoblia dryadopa
Ohenaupaka Oeobian Moth
Family RIODINIDAE
Apodemia mormo langei
Lange's Metalmark
Family SATYRIDAE
Cercyonis sthenele sthenele
Sthenele Wood Nymph
Erebia annada annada
Erebia gorgone
Gavamie Ringlet
Erebia narasingha narasingha
Erebia ottomana
Ottoman Brassy Ringlet
Erebia scipio
Larche Ringlet
Erebia sthennyo
False Dewy Ringlet
Erebia sudetica
Sudeten Ringlet
Lethe distans
Scarce Red Forester
Lethe dura gammiei
Lethe europa tamuna
Lethe gemina gafuri
Lethe margaritae
Lethe ocellata lyncus
Lethe ramadeva
Lethe satyavati
Neonympha mitchelli mitchelli
Mitchell's Satyr Butterfly
Pararge menava maeroides
Stygionympha dicksoni
Dickson's Brown
253
Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List
Ypthima dohertyi persimilis
Family SESITOAE
Synanthedon castaneae
Chestnut Clearwing Moth
Family SPHESCroAE
Celerio wilsoni perkinsi
Euproserpinus euterpe
Kem Primrose Sphinx Moth
Manduca blackburni
Blackburn's Sphinx Moth
Family TORTRICIDAE
Grapholitha edwardsiana
San Francisco Tree Lupine
Spheterista oheoheana
Ohe Ohe Leaf-roller Moth
Spheterista pterotropiana
Green-Banded Ohe Ohe Leaf-roller
Moth
Spheterista reynoldsiana
Wallupe Leaf-Roller Moth
Order MECOPTERA
Family APTEROPANORPIDAE
Apteropanorpa tasmanica
Order NEUROPTERA
Family HEMEROBimAE
Nesothauma halakalae
Haleakala Spongillafly
Pseudopsectra cookeorum
Cooke's Spongillafly
Pseudopsectra lobipennis
Lobe-wing Spongillafly
Pseudopsectra swezeyi
Swezey's Spongillafly
Pseudopsectra usingeri
Usinger's Spongillafly
Family ITHONIDAE
Oliarces clara
Family MYRMELEONTIDAE
Eidoleon perjurus
Molokai Antlion
Order ORTHOPTERA
Family ACRmiDAE
Podismopsis transsylvanica
Family RHAPHIDOPHORroAE
Pristoceuthophilus sp.
Samwell Cave Cricket
Family STENOPELMATIDAE
Deinacrida sp.
Mahoenui Giant Weta
Deinacrida carinata
Herekopare Island Weta
Deinacrida tibiospina
Nelson Alpine Weta
Hemiandrus sp.
Tusked Weta
Hemidaina ricta
Banks Peninsula Weta
Order PLECOPTERA
Family CAPNIIDAE
Capnia lacustra
Lake Tahoe Benthic Stonefly
Family EUSTHENimAE
Eusthenia reticulata
Family LEUCTRIDAE
Leuctra szczytkoi
Schoolhouse Springs Stonefly
Family NEMGURmAE
Lednia tumana
Meltwater Stonefly
Nemours wahkeena
Wahkeena Falls Flightless Stonefly
Family NOTONEMOURIDAE
Kimminsoperla biloba
Kimminsoperla williamsi
Family PELTOPERLmAE
Soliperlafenderi
Fender's Stonefly
Family PERLIDAE
Beloneuria georgiana
Georgia Stonefly
Beloneuria jamesae
Cheaha Stonefly
Hansonoperla appalachia
Hanson's Appalachian Stonefly
Family TAENIOPTERYGroAE
Taeniopteryx starki
Leon River Stonefly
Order THYSANURA
Family MACHILIDAE
Machiloides heteropus
Hawaiian Long-palp Bristletail
Machiloides perkinsi
Perkin's Club-palp Bristletail
Order TRICHOPTERA
Family GLOSSOSOMATIDAE
Agapetus artesus
Artesian Caddisfly
Agapetus denningi
Denning' s Caddisfly
Agapetus medicus
Arkansas Caddisfly
Protoptila area
San Marcos Caddisfly
Family HYDROPTILroAE
Hydroptila decia
Knoxville Micro Caddisfly
Neotrichia kitae
Kite's Micro Caddisfly
Ochrotrichia alsea
Alsea Micro Caddisfly
Ochrotrichia contorta
Contorted Micro Caddisfly
Ochrotrichia phenosa
Deschutes Micro Caddisfly
Ochrotrichia provosti
Provost's Micro Caddisfly
Ochrotrichia vertreesi
Vertree's Micro Caddisfly
Oxyethira florida
Florida Micro Caddisfly
Family KOKIRIIDAE
Taskiria mccubbini
Taskropsyche lacustris
Family LEPIDOSTOMATroAE
Lepidostoma fischeri
Fischer's Caddisfly
Lepidostotna goedeni
Goeden's Caddisfly
Family LEPTOCERIDAE
Ceraclea floridana
Florida Longhom Caddisfly
Ceraclea vertreesi
Vertree's Caddisfly
Oecetis parva
Little Longhom Caddisfly
254
Westriplectes pedderensis
Family LIMNEPHILIDAE
Apatania tavala
Cascades Caddisfly
Archaeophylax vernalis
Cryptochia excella
Kings Canyon Caddisfly
Cryptochia neosa
Blue Mountains Caddisfly
Ecclisomyia bilera
King's Creek Caddisfly
Farula davisi
Green Springs Mountain Caddisfly
Farulajewetti
Mount Hood Caddisfly
Farula reaperi
Tombstone Prairie Caddisfly
Glyphopsyche missouri
Missouri Caddisfly
Limnephilus alconura
Kiamath Caddisfly
Limnephilus atercus
Fort Dick Caddisfly
Neothramma andersoni
Colombian Gorge Caddisfly
Oligophlebodes mostbento
Tombstone Prairie Oligophlebodes
Philocasca oron
Clatsop Caddisfly
Family ODONTOCERIDAE
Psilotreta hansoni
Family PHILOPOTAMIDAE
Dolophilodes oregona
Oregon Caddisfly
Family PHILORHEITHRIDAE
Ramiheithrus kocinus
Family PLECTROTARSmAE
Nanoplectrus truchnasi
Family POLYCENTROPODroAE
Tasmanoplegas spilota
Family RHYACOPHILroAE
Rhyacophila alexandra
Alexander's Caddisfly
Rhyacophila colonus
Obrien Caddisfly
Rhyacophila fenderi
Fender's Caddisfly
b
Rhyacophila haddocki
Haddock's Caddisfly
Rhyacophila lineata
Castle Crags Caddisfly
Rhyacophila mosana
Bilobed Caddisfly
Rhyacophila spinata
Spiny Caddisfly
Rhyacophila unipunctata
One-spot Caddisfly
Family SERICOSTOMATIDAE
Agarodes ziczac
Zigzag Blackwater Caddisfly
Family STENOPSYCHIDAE
Stenopsychodes lineata
Order ZORAPTERA
Family ZOROT'iTIDAE
Zorolypus swezeyi
Swezey's Zoroapteran
Class ONYCHOPHORA
Order ONYCHOPHORA
Family PERIPATOPSmAE
Tasmanipatus barretti
Class BIVALVIA
Order UNIONOmA
Family HYRIIDAE
Hyridella moretonicus
Family MARGARITIFERIDAE
Margaritifera monodonta
Spectacle Case
Family UNIONIDAE
Alasmidonta arcula
Altamaha Arcmussel
Alasmidonta atropurpurea
Cumberland Elktoe
Alasmidonta heterodon
Dwarf Wedge Mussel
Alismodonta varicosa
Brook Floater
Anodonta californensis
California Floater
Carunculina cylindrellus
Pale Lilliput
Carunculina lividus
Purple Lilliput
255
Carunculina pullus
Savannah Lilliput
Dysnomia brevidens
Cumberlandian Combshell
Dysnomia capsaeformis
Oyster Mussel
Dysnomia Jlorentina curtisi
Curtis Pearlymussel
Dysnomia Jlorentina florentina
Yellow-blossom
Dysnomia florentina walkeri
Tan Riffleshell
Dysnomia metastriata
Upland Combshell
Dysnomia obliquata obliquata
Catspaw
Dysnomia obliquata perobliqua
White Catspaw
Dysnomia othcaloogensis
Southern Acomshell
Dysnomia penita
Southern Combshell
Dysnomia torulosa gubemaculum
Green-blossom
Dysnomia torulosa rangiana
Northern Riffleshell
Dysnomia torulosa torulosa
Tubercled-blossom
Dysnomia triquetra
Snuffbox
Dysnomia turgidula
Turgid-blossom
Elliptio jayensis
Flat Spike
Elliptio marsupiobesa
Cape Fear Spike
Elliptio waccamawensis
Waccamaw Spike
Lampsilis australis
Southern Sandshell
Lampsilis salinasensis
Salina Mucket
Lampsilis subangulata
Shinyrayed Pocketbook
Leguminaia compressa
Nephronaias sloatianus
Purple Bankclimber
Quadrula cylindrica strigillata
Rough Rabbitsfoot
Quadrula intermedia
Cumberland Monkeyface
Simpsoniconcha ambigua
Salamander Mussel
Truncilla cognata
Mexican Fawnsfoot
Taxa removed from the 1 996 Red List
Unio elongatulus
Villosa choctawensis
Choctaw Bean
Villosa fabalis
Rayed Bean
Villosa ortmanni
Kentucky Creekshell
Villosa perpurpurea
Purple Bean
Villosa trabalis
Cumberland Bean
Order VENEROIDA
Family PISIDIIDAE
Pisidium sanguinichristi
Pisidium ultramontanum
Montane Peaclam
Class GASTROPODA
Order BASOMMATOPHORA
Family PLANORBIDAE
Helisomajacksonetise
Jackson Lake Snail
Order MESOGASTROPODA
Family ASSIMINEmAE
Omphalotropis exquisita
Omphalotropis innesi
Family DIPLOMMATINIDAE
Diplommatina hyalina
Palaina strigata kororensis
Family HYDROBIIDAE
Antrobia breweri
Apachecoccus arizonae
Bylas Springsnail
Beddomeia hermansi
Coxiella striata
Mexithauma churinceanus
quadripaludium
Mexithauma de Cienegas Snail
Nymphophilus tninckleyi
Nymphophilus de Minckley Snail
Phrantela marginata
Pseudotricula eberhardi
Pyrgulopsis neomexicana
Socorro Snail
Pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe
Royal Marstonia
Nanocochlea parva
Family PUPINIDAE
Pupina coxeni
Pupina pfeifferi
Order
STYLOMMATOPHORA
Family CAMAENIDAE
Amplirhagada novella
Turgenitubulus christenseni
Family GEOMITRIDAE
Actinella armitageana
Caseolus abjectus
Caseolus commixtus
Caseolus consors
Caseolus hartungi
Family HELICARIGNTOAE
Helicarion semoni
Helicarion submissus
Theskelomensor lizardensis
Family HELICffiAE
Hemicycla glyceia
Family HYGROMiroAE
Trochoidea spratti
Family ORTHALICIDAE
Bothriembryon angasianus
Bothriembryon tasmanicus
Class TURBELLARIA
Order TRICLADIDA
Family KENKIIDAE
Kenkia rkynchida
Malheur Cave Planarian
Sphalloplana holsingeri
Holsinger's Groundwater Planarian
Sphalloplana subtilis
Biggers' Groundwater Planarian
256
Index
"argens", Yssichromis 185
"backflash cryptodon", Lipochromis
85
"black cryptodon", Lipochromis 85
"dwarf bigeye scraper", Airalon/apia 84
"frogmouth", Harpagochromis 85
"jewel", Tilapia 86
"Kyoga flameback", Xystichromis 86
"little black", Tilapia 86
"long snout", Prognathochromis 85
"parvidens-like", Lipochromis 85
"rainbow sheller", Ptyochromis 86
"red-eye guiarti", Harpagochromis 1 84
"ruby", Haplochromis 85
"Rusinga oral sheller", Ptyochromis 86
"shovelmouth", Astatotilapia 84
"small obesoid", Lipochromis 85
"yellow-green", Tilapia 86
(unknown) 110
'Alectroenas' 180
'Athene' 181
'Lophopsitlacus' 180
'Nanocochlea' 256
'Napaeus' 245
'Necropsittacus' 181
'Scops' 181
aaa, Cavaticovelia 251
Aaadonta 214
/4ap/0ij'ax 202
Aardwolf 224
abaster, Syngnathus 205
abbotti, Gonocephalus 199
abbotti, Papasula 30
abbreviate, Achatinella 1 88
abbreviata, Leiostyla 127
abbreviata, Samoana 215
abbreviatus abbreviatus, Microtus 232
abbreviatus fisheri, Microtus 232
abbreviatus, Haplophthalmus 97
abbreviatus, Microtus 197
abdominalis. Hippocampus 81
afcei, Hynobius 68
afce;, Myotis 194
abeillei, Orchesticus 162
abendanoni, Telmatherina 79
aberrans, Niphargus 90
aberti, Cyprogenia 110
afc(di, Petaurus 5
abjectus, Caseolus 256
abnormis, Scolopendra 89
abrasus, Molossops 139
abrau muhlisi, Clupeonella 236
abrau, Clupeonella 202
Afcrawayaomyi 23
Abrocoma 28
ABROCOMIDAE 28
Abronia 59
abrupta, Lampsilis 1 1 1
abstrusus, Prosciurillus 22
aburri, Aburria 149
Aburria 149
abyssicola, Bathyraja 201
abyssinica, Genetta 195
acacrianica, Codringtonia 174
Acalyphes 252
Acanthaeshrw 105
Acanthanura 250
Acanthidops 162
acanthinula, Pronesopupa 216
Acanthinula 217
Acanthiops 60
Acanthiza 49, 132
Acanthobrarrui 183
Acanthochelys 62, 165
Acanthocobitis 132
Acanthocyclops 92
Acantholingua 77
Acanthometropus 186
Acanthomyops 99
Acanthorutilus 202
acarpicus, Insuetophrymus 67
ACAVIDAE 120
Accentor, Yemen 158
accepta, Fonscochlea 116
Accipiter 32,33, 147, 148
ACCIPITRIDAE 32, 147, 198, 242
aceramarcae, Gracitinanus 3
acerina, Gymnocephalus 206
Acerouon 8, 136, 177
Aceros 44
acerosus, Viviparus 173
acervatus, Orymaeus 121
Acestrura 43
acetabulosus, Mormopterus 13
Achalinus 61
achates, Taphozous 10
Achatina 213
Achatinella 120, 188,238
ACHATINELLIDAE 120,188,213,238
ACHATINIDAE 121,213
Acheilognathus 71
acheron, Papilio 244
acherontis, Procambarus 94
acheronytes, Gammarus 185
achlys, Euryphura 253
Aciagrion 208
acicula, Bythiospeum 1 1 5
Acicula 113,210
ACICULIDAE 113,210
acidens, Psammochromis 85
AciViHi 98
Acmofi>'j: 16,223
Acipenser 70, 167, 235, 236
ACIPENSERIDAE 70, 167, 235
ACIPENSERIFORMES 70, 167, 235
acis bartrami, Strymon252
Acneus 249
Acomyj 23, 143
Acornshell 187
Acornshell, Southern 255
Acraea 252
Acraea lil
ACRAEIDAE 252
acraeina, Erikssonia 102
Acrantophis 61
ACRIDIDAE 108, 133, 187,254
Acridotheres 164
Acrocephalus 49, 158
ACROCERIDAE 250
acrocnema, Boloria 104
Acrodipsas 102
acrodonta, Pteralopex 9
acroleucus, Chortippus 108
Acrolophitus 108
ACROLOXIDAE 112
Acroloxus 112
acroi, Eremichthys 72
Actenoides 44, 153
acticola, Gerbillus 242
Actinella 124, 174,215,256
ACTINIARIA 128,217
Actinodura 158
Actinonaias 172
actinophora, Actinella 174
ACTINOPTERYGII 70, 132, 167, 183,
202, 235, 243, 246
aculabrum, Cambarus 93
aculeatus multiaculeatus, Tachvglossus
219
aculeatus santaeannae, Gasterosteus
247
aculeatus williamsoni, Gasterosteus 247
acuminata, Jardinella 116
acuminata, Solenopsis 101
acuminatus, Catabasis 203
acumirmtus, Ophiogomphus 107
acunhae, Nesospiza 55
acuta, Elimia 117
acuta, Nesosydne 251
acuticauda, Apus 43
acuticauda, Sterna 38
acuticeps, Etheostoma 169
aculicosta, Mautodontha 189
acutidens, Pheidole 101
acutifrons, Cephalaeschna 106
acutirostris, Heteralocha 182
acutirostris, Taudactylus 67
acutissima, Hirasea 124
acutissima, Pseudoglessula 217
acutissimus, Medionidus 1 1 1
acutorostrata, Balaenoptera 141
acutum, Kinostemon 166
acutus, Crocodylus 58
acutus, Lagenorhynchus 242
adalberti, Aquila 33
adamantina, Tryonia 212
adami, Rhinolophus 194
adamsoni, Hephaestus 83
adansoni, Hemicycla 133
Addax 20
AtWax 20
Adder, Namaqua Dwarf 62
Adder, Plain Mountain 62
addita, Rhinomyias 52
adeia, Mugilogobius 87
adela, Oreotrochilus 153
adelaidensis, Tiliqua 61
Adelocosa 88
Adelopoma 114
Adelotus 167
Adelphicos 61
257
adelphus, Bulimulus 215
adersi, Cephalophus 21
Adetomyrma 99
adiaste atossa. Speyeria253
Adjutant, Greater 31
Adjutant, Lesser 31
adlerzi, Epimymra 100
adolfi, Xerosecta 175
adonis, Poecilmitis 103
ADRIANICHTHYIDAE 80
Adrianichthys 80
adspersa, Mogurnda 247
adspersus, Liomys 142
adspersus, Paraphoxinus 202
aduitrix, Trachemys 64
adustus, Raltus 26
adustus, Tryphomys 27
/Wvena 125, 190
adytum, Megalagrion 105
aeacus kaguya, Troides 253
aedium, Plagiodontia 28
aegagrus aegagrus, Capra 228
aegagrus blythi, Capra 228
aegagrus chialtanensis, Capra 228
aegagrus crelica, Capra 228
aegagrus, Capra 21
Aegialia 99, 249
Aegista 213
AEGITHALIDAE 161
Aegithalos 161
aeglefmus , Melanogrammus 77
Aegolius 152
Aegotheles 43
AEGOTHELIDAE 43
Aegypius 148
aelleni, Myotis 12
ae//o, Nyctimene 136
aelocephalus, Psammochromis 85
aemonae, Pseudocandona 98
aemula, Pillomena 174
aenea. Murina 1 38
aenea, Rana 201
aeneus, Aneides 1 67
aenigma, Hemitriccus 156
/te/jjiceroj 130,227
Aepyomis 179
AEPYORNITHIDAE 179
Aepypodius 34
aequalorialis, Pithecia 241
aequatorianus, Molossops 13
aequipinnulus, Danio 202
Aeretes 142
aero, Pipistrellus 194
aerosa. Kerivoula 194
aerosus, Melomys 144
aesacus, Omithoptera 105
Aeschrithmysus 248
Aeschrithmysus 248
/lei/zna 105, 106, 171
AESHNIDAE 105, 171,237
aesiodora, Dirce 252
aestiputeus, Cambusia 205
Aelhalops 136
aethesa, Arawacus 102
aethiopicus aethiopicus, Phacochoerus
226
aethiopicus delameri, Phacochoerus
rib
aethiops djamdjamensis,
Cercopithecus 222
Aethiothemis 208
/ler/jomyi 143,242
Aethopyga 53, 161
a/er, Pseudobarbus 168
a/er, Strongylognathus 102
affinis jimiensis, Danaus 237
affinis. Ninox 152
affinis, Parapinnixa 96
o^inu, Partula 190
affinis, Penelopides 154
affinis, Sphaerolana 97
africana, Epimyrma 100
africana, Kerivoula 194
africana, Loxodonta 19
africana. Mustela 195
africanus aeliani, Phacochoerus 226
africanus, Conus 120
africanus, Equus 19
Afrithelphusa 95
Afrixalus 243
Afrocyclops 185
Afroedura 165
Afrogyrus 1 1 3
Afropavo 34
afzelii, Afrithelphusa 95
Agabus 98, 248
agami, Agamia 147
Agamia 147
AGAMIDAE 59, 199,234
Agapetus 254
Agapornis 39, 151
agarhecta, Pyrgulopsis 211
Agarodes 255
agassizi, Ambassis 206
agassizi, Salvelinus 183
agassizii, Gopherus 65
Agathothoma 213
Agelaius 56
Agelastes 34
agi/iX y4mazona 39
flgi/;.?, Gracilinanus 135
agi'/ij, Hylobates 140
Aglaeactis 43
Aglaodiaptomus 91
Aglymbus 248
agnella, Kerivoula 12
agnewi, Roblinella 174
agnus, Rhithrodytes 99
Agonum 248
agostinhoi, Oxychilus 128
Agouti 145
AGOUTIDAE 145
Agriades 102
agricola, Pantinonemertes 217
Agriocharis 149
agrioides, Amphipteryx 106
AGRIOLIMACIDAE 121, 173
Agriomis 47
Agrotis 186
Aguanaval, Cachorrito del 243
aguirrepequenoi, Notropis 73
ahenea. Elliptio 172
aheneus, Leiopotherapon 168
ailakeloae, Hedleyoconcha 123
Ailuroedus 164
Ailuropoda 17
Ailurops 193
Ailurus 18
aimei. Hippocampus 81
Aimophila 162
aitkeni, Sminlhopsis 3
/4u: 147
ajamaruensis, Melanotaenia 204
ajanensis, Paludomus 119
Akalat, East Coast 52
Akalal, Gabela 52
Akalat, Iringa 52
Akalat, Usambara 52
akamatus, Bulimulus 126
Akekee 56
Akepa 56
Akialoa 181
Akiapolaau 56
Akikiki 56
aii/i, Albumus 71
akiratadai, Awalycaeus 213
A*odof! 23. 143
Akohekohe 56
alabamae, Alosa 71
alabamae, Palaemonias 93
Alabamaubria 249
alabamensis, Amphigyra 113
alabamensis, Elimia 117
alabamensis, Pseudemys 64
alabamensis. Vertigo 175
alabastrinus, 'Napaeus' 245
alachua, Branchinella 91
Alaena 102
a/a/, Fulica 36
alaicus, Ellobius 24
alalunga , Thunnus 207
alalunga, Thunnus 236
Alamoo, Oopu 206
alamosae, Tryonia 212
a/an/, Cyclodirm 60
alaotrensis, Rheocles 243
alaschanicus, Phoenicurus 160
Alasmidonta 1 10, 209, 255
a/ato, Diplommatina 210
a/ara, Taheitia 212
Alauahio, Maui 163
Alauahio, Oahu 56
Alauda 47
ALAUDIDAE 47, 157
a/ia, Cacatua 40
a//)a, Geocrinia 67
a//)a, Peripatopsis 109
a/6a, Tirumala 208
albanicus, Barbus 202
albanyensis, Elimia 117
albata, Palaina 210
albata, Parantica 171
Albatross, Amsterdam 30
Albatross, Buller's 146
Albatross, Grey-headed 146
Albatross, Royal 146
Albatross, Short-tailed 29
Albatross, Sooty 146
Albatross, Wandering 30
Albatross, Waved 146
albatrus, Diomedea 29
258
alberti, Crax 34
alberti, Menura 157
alberti, Prionops 49
alberlinae, Streptocitta 164
albertinum, Glaucidium 42
albertisii, Pseudochirops 4
albicandatus, Myslromys 25
albicauda, Alticola 143
albicauda. Olallamys 146
albicaudata, Eumyias 158
albicilla, Haliaeetus 148
albicollis, Rynchops 38
albicosla, Euploea 104
albidens, Coccymys 23
albidinuchus, Lorius 152
albidus, Albumus 71
albifacies, Myioborus 163
albifacies, Poecilotriccus 156
albifacies, Sceloglaux 181
albifrons adustus, Cebus 221
albifrons aequatorialis, Cebus 221
albifrons cesarae, Cebus 22 1
albifrons cuscinus, Cebus 222
albifrons hypoleucus, Cebus 222
albifrons leucocephalus, Cebus 222
albifrons malitiosus, Cebus 222
albifrons trinitatis, Cebus 222
albifrons yuracus, Cebus 222
albifrons, Henicophaps 151
albifrons, Leucorrhinia li^A
albifrons, Palpopleura 107
albifrons, Platysteira 160
albigena aterrimus, Cercocebus 245
albigula, Myzomela 199
albigularis, Rhinomyias 52
albinasus, Chiropotes 241
albinucha, Columba 151
albipectus, Pyrrhura 41
albipennis, Penelope 34
albipes, Arborimus 197
albipes, Conilurus 178
albipes, Myomys 144
albipinnalus, Gobio 202
albirostris, Cervus 20
albirostris, Lagenorhynchus 242
albispinus, Proechimys 146
albivallis, Lepidomeda 72
albiventris, Dacnis 162
albiventris, Myiagra 51
albiventris, Myiornis 156
albiventris, Spanglerogyrus 249
albizona, Vipera 62
albocarinata, Omphalotropis 210
albocaudata, Stenocephalemys 145
albocinctus, Acridotheres 164
albofrontata, Gerygone 159
albofuscus, Scotoecus 139
albogulare, Malacopleron 159
albogularis albotorquatus,
Cercopithecus 222
albogularis zammaranoi,
Cercopithecus 222
albogularis, Zosterops 53
alboguttatus, Chalinolobus 12
alboini, Strongylognathus 102
albolabris, Amastra 188
albolimbatus, Megalurus 51
albolineata, Hyla 201
albolineatus, Fundulus 183
alboniger, Hylopetes 22
albonotatus, Crocias 158
albopilosa, Lichnanthe 250
albopunctatus, Dasyurus 3
albopunctatus, Heleioporus 167
albostriatus. Chlidonias 38
albula, Coregonus 204
Albumus 71, 202
a/fouj, Luciogobius 206
a/iui. Porphyria 180
a/fe«i, Scaphirhynchus 70
4/ca 180
alcalicus grahami, Oreochromis 247
ALCEDINIDAE 44, 153, 198, 246
Alcedo 44, 153
Alcelaphus 130, 227
a/ce5 cameloides, Alces 226
/l/c« 226
Alchichica, Charal de 78
alchichica, Poblana 78
ALCIDAE 38, 150
alcimeda alcimeda, Cymothoe 253
Alcippe 49, 158
alcon, Maculinea 170
alconura, Limnephilus 255
alcorni, Pappogeomys 22
alcyone, Rhinolophus 137
aldabrana, Nesillas 181
aldabranus, Dicrurus 164
alebion chungianus, Graphium 253
alecto, Aethalops 136
alecto, Cyttarops 136
Alectoris 149
Alectroenas 180
Alectrurus 47, 156
alepidotus, Paraphoxinus 11,
Alethe, Thyolo 49
y4te//ic 49
alethina, Rhinophylla 137
alethorhytidus, Bulimulus 126
alexaruira, Rhyacophila 255
alexandrae, Ornithoptera 105
alexaruirae, Phalanger 193
alexandrae, Polytelis 41
alexandri, Gulickia 120
alexandri, Lanistes 1 1 3
alexandri, Paraxerus 142
alfredi, Cervus 20
a/gea abjecta, Euploea 237
a/gea eleutho, Euploea 237
a/gea schmeltzi, Euploea 237
algeriana, Epimyrma 100
Atgyroides 60
aliciae, Aglaeactis 43
alienus, Histiotus 12
Alionycteris 8
Alismodonta 255
Alisterus 151
aZi'uj, Malaconotus 48
a/(x(i, Clytoctantes 45
aljibensis, Deronectes 98
Allactaga 23, 142, 143
allamanica, Vallonia 217
allanae, Lerista 60
Allanaspides 90
allenbyi, Gerbillus 24
alleni, Galago 139
aWeni, Grallaria 46
a//e/i(, Gulella 216
aWeni, Hodomys 143
alleni, Rhogeessa 139
alleni, Zenarchopterus 205
Allenopilhecus 140
aWej;, Crocidura 6
Alligator, Chinese 58
alligator, Ptilinopus 151
Alligator 58
ALLIGATORIDAE 58
allisonae, Antiponemertes 128
Allocebus 13
Allocharopa 123, 174
Allochromis 84
ALLOCRANGONYCTIDAE 89
Allocrangonyx 89
Allodiaptomus 91
Allognathus 174
alloia, Nesopupa 216
Alloperla 187
Allorhizucha 107
Allotoca 80
alluaudi alluaudi, Seychellibasis 237
allynsmithi, Helminthoglypta 125
allynsmithi, Sonorella 174
Almirante, Rivulus 205
Aloeides 102,252
A Zona 90
/l/op;a 239
Alopochen 179
a/o.9a, /1/o.sa 202
/l/ora 71,202
Alouatta 14, 221, 241
alpenae, Coregonus 183
alpicola, Apodemus 1 97
alpina hoffmanni, Ochotona 233
alpina nitida, Ochotona 242
alpina, Lacerta 200
alpina, Rosalia 98
alpinum, Bythiospeum 21 1
alpinus, Anairetes 47
alpinus, Cuon 16
alpinus, Gobiomorphus 87
alpinus, Strongylognathus 102
a/.sfa, Ochrotrichia 254
Abodes 201
Alsophis 61, 182
alstoni, Micoureus 135
altamirai, Suboestophora 175
alterrui, We.itraltrachia 122
alternatus, Neseis 251
altiapica, Opanara 123
alticola alticola, Perognalhus 232
alticola, Belgrandiella 115
alticola, Maxomys 24
alticola, Perognathus 142
alticola, Poospiza 55
Alticola 23, 143
alticorps, Onychostoma 73
a/«(7(.r, Lampsilis 1 1 1
altipinnis, Parambassis 206
altirostre, Chrysomma 50
altirostris, Turdoides 160
altivelis ryukyuensis, Plecoglossus 236
259
altivelis, Lepidomeda 183
altonagai, Papilloderma 175
ahum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
alutaceus, Rhantus 98
alvareidelvillari, Cyprinella 71
alvarezi, Cyprinodon 183
alvarezi, Cambusia 80
aivaroi, Prislidactylus 199
alveare, Pleurocera 118
alveus, Lotlia 187
alvordensis, Gila 72
ALYCAEIDAE 213,239
Alytes 66
Alzoniella 114
amabilis, Charmosyna 40
amabilis, Elaphoidella 96
amabilis, Rhyacophila 187
amadi, Weberogobius 87
Amakihi, Greater 181
Amakihi. Kauai 56
amakosa albescens, Durhania 252
amakosa flavida, Durbania 252
amaltheae, Oxychilus 128
amamiensis amamiensis, Asiagomphus
238
amamiensis okinawanus, Asiagomphus
238
amancicoi, Scaevatula 213
Amandava 57
amaniensis, Cymothoe 253
amaniensis, Culella 216
amaniensis, Tayloria 217
Amanipodagrion 107
amargosus. Ambry sus 251
amarus, Hybognathus 72
amarus, Puntius 73
AffMirra 121, 188, 189
AMASTRIDAE 121, 188
amastroides, Bulimulus 126
amatitlanensis, Mastigodiaptomus 207
amatolica, Bufo 66
Amauris 104
amaurocephala, Nonnula 154
Amaurocichla 49
amaurodylum peles, Megalagrion 237
amauropterus, Pelargopsis 153
Amaurornis 36
Amaurospiza 162
amaurotis, Philydor 155
Amazilia 43
Amazon, Black-billed 39
Amazon, Blue-cheeked 151
Amazon, Cuban 151
Amazon, Green-cheeked 40
Amazon, Hispaniolan 151
Amazon, Imperial 40
Amazon, Lilac-crowned 151
Amazon, Puerto Rican 40
Amazon, Red-browed 40
Amazon, Red-necked 39
Amazon, Red-spectacled 40
Amazon, Red-tailed 40
Amazon, St Lucia 40
Amazon, St Vincent 40
Amazon, Vinaceous 40
Amazon, Yellow-billed 151
Amazon, Yellow-faced 40
Amazon, Yellow-headed 40
Amazon, Yellow-shouldered 40
AmazofW 39,40, 151
amazonina, Hapalopsittaca 41
ambagiosus, Placostylus 126
AMBASSIDAE 206, 244
/ImfeaiiU 206, 244
ambigua, Simpsonaias 133
ambigua, Simpsoniconcha 255
Amblema 1 10
Ambloplites 83
AMBLYCIPITIDAE 76
AMBLYOPSIDAE 77
Amblyopsis 77
Amblyomis 164
Amblyrhiza 179
Amblyrhynchus 59
Amblysomus 5, 241
amboimensis, Laniarius 48
amboinensis, Alisterus 151
amboinensis, Cuora 165
Amfcry-S">s 251
ambusta, Auriculella 213
Ambystonta 68, 246
AMBYSTOMATIDAE 68, 246
amdenus, Radiodiscus 123
y4meca 184
amecae, Notropis 183
AMEIRIDAE 96
Ameiva, Martinique Giant 182
/Imfiva 61, 182
Ameletus 250
americana mexicana, Antilocapra 227
americana peninsularis, Antilocapra
227
americana sonoriensis, Antilocapra
227
americana, Dolania 250
americana, Grus 36
americana, Monodelphis 135
americana, Rhea 146
americanus, Driloleirus 109
americanus, Nicrophorus 99
americanus, Protomognathus 101
americanus, Siphonorhis 43
amherstiae, Chrysolophus 149
amiculus, Dolapex 125
amistadensis, Gambusia 184
Ammodillus 23
Ammodorcas 20
Ammodramus 162
ammodytes transcaucasiana, Vipera
246
ammon ammon, Ovis 229
ammon collium, Ovis 229
ammon darwini, Ovis 229
ammon hodgsonii, Ovis 229
ammon jubata, Ovis 229
ammon karelini, Ovis 229
ammon nigrimontana, Ovis ll'i
ammon polii, Ovis 229
ammon, Ovis 21
Ammonitella 126
Ammopelmatus 108
Ammospermophilus 22
Ammotragus 20, 245
amnicoloides, Somatogyrus 21 1
amniculus, Craterocephalus 78
amoenus, Phylloscopus 51
Amorphochilus 1 1
Ampelioides 156
Ampelita 120
ampeloni, Plagiolepis 101
AMPHIBIA 66, 132, 166, 182, 201, 235,
243, 246
amphibius tschadensis. Hippopotamus
226
amphichaenus, Potamilus 112
Amphicyclotulus 117, 188
Amphidromus ll'i
Amphigyra 113
Amphipod, Alabama Well 90
Amphipod, Arizona Cave 89
Amphipod, Balcones Cave 89
Amphipod, Barr's Cave 89
Amphipod. Bath County Cave 89
Amphipod, Bifurcated Cave 89
Amphipod, Bousfield's 90
Amphipod, Bowman's Cave 89
Amphipod, Burnsville Cove Cave 89
Amphipod, Cascade Cave 89
Amphipod, Central Missouri Cave 89
Amphipod, Clanton's Cave 89
Amphipod, Cooper's Cave 89
Amphipod, Devil's Sinkhole 89
Amphipod, Diminutive 90
Amphipod, Elevated Spring 89
Amphipod, Ephemeral Cave 89
Amphipod. Ezell's Cave 89
Amphipod, Florida Cave 89
Amphipod, Grady's Cave 89
Amphipod, Greenbrier Cave 89
Amphipod, Hara's Cave 89
Amphipod, Hay's Spring 89
Amphipod, Hobb's Cave 89
Amphipod, Illinois Cave 185
Amphipod, Kaui Cave 90
Amphipod. Long-legged Cave 89
Amphipod, Mackenzie's Cave 89
Amphipod. Malheur Cave 89
Amphipod, Minute Cave 89
Amphipod, Morrison's Cave89
Amphipod, Mountain Cave 89
Amphipod, Noel's 185
Amphipod, Norton's Cave 89
Amphipod, Oklahoma Cave 89
Amphipod, Onondaga Cave 89
Amphipod, Ozark Cave 89
Amphipod, Peck's Cave 90
Amphipod, Pecos 90
Amphipod, Pennsylvania Cave 89
Amphipod, Pickle Springs 89
Amphipod, Pizzini's 90
Amphipod. Reddell's Cave 90
Amphipod. Rubious Cave 185
Amphipod, Spring Cave 90
Amphipod, Stellmack's Cave 90
Amphipod, Subtle Cave 90
Amphipod. Tidewater Interstitial 89
Amphipod. Tidewater Stygonectid89
Amphipod. Wengeror's Cave90
Amphipod, Wisconsin Well 90
AMPHIPODA 89, 185.237
AMPHIPTERYGIDAE 106
Amphipteryx 106
260
Amphorella 124
ampla, Elimia 1 1 7
ampla, Leptoxis 1 1 8
Amplirhagada 121,173,214,244,256
amplus, Artibeus 137
amplus, Notomys 178
amplus, Perognathus 142
AMPULLARIDAE 113, 173,210
ampuUatus, Hyperoodon 130
amsterdamensis, Diomedea 30
Amychus, Chatham Island 249
Amychus, Cook Strait 249
Amychus 249
Amyda 65
Amytomis 49, 158, 242
ana, Nesidiolestes 25 1
ANABANTIDAE 88
Anaharilius 71
anae, Paramorariopsis 96
Anaea 253
Anaecypris 71
anaglypUca, Actinella 124
Anagotus 248
Anairetes 47
a/wi, Uromys 145
anaktuvukensis, Salvelinus 204
analis, Lutjanus 84
anaphiensis, Zonites 175
Anarhynchus 37
Anaj 32, 147, 179
ANASPIDACEA 90, 247
Anaspides 247
ANASPIDIDAE 90, 247
Anastomus 147
ANATIDAE 32, 147, 179
anatirostris, Sinocyclocheilus 74
analoliae, Aphanius 79
anatolicus, Phoxinellus 73
anceophila, Carelia 189
anceps, Pteralopex 9
Anceya 119
anceyana, Lyropupa 216
anceyana, Nesopupa 216
anceyana, Taipidon 190
Ancharius 203
anchietae, Otomys 144
anchietae, Plerotes 9
anchietai, Pipistrellus 13
Anchovy, Freshwater 202
Anculosa 188
Ancylastrum 1 1 3
Ancylid, Domed 1 13
Ancylid, Hood 113
Ancylid, Wicker 113
ANCYLIDAE 113,173
/Incy/u,! 113, 173
Andalgalomys 23
andamanensis, Cenlropus 152
andamanensis, Crocidura 6
andamanensis, Dicrurus 164
andamanensis, Euploea 104
anderseni, Rhinolophus 194
andersoni, Marmosa 3
andersoni, Neothramma 255
andersoni, Phaulomys 26
andersonii, Hyla 166
andicola, Agriomis 47
Andigena 154
andinus, Phoenicopterus 31
andinus, Podiceps 179
ANDRENIDAE 251
andrewi, Barbus 71
andrewsi, Fregata 31
Andrias 68, 201
andromache, Troides 171
Androniscus 237
Andropadus 157
Androphobus 198
andruzzi, Phreatichthys 73
Anectothemis 208
Aneides 167
anelpislus, Diploglossus 59
Anemone, Ivell's Sea 217
Anemone, Starlet Sea 128
Anergates 99
anergismus, Pogonomyrmex 101
anerythra. Pitta 47
Anetia, Jaeger's 170
Anetia, Salvin's 170
/l/ier/a 170
anetianus, Pteropus 241
Aneurelus 100
angasianus, Bothriembryon 256
angasii, Tragelaphus 131
angaurana. Aaadonla 214
angeiae, Dendroica 163
angelcabrerai, Mesocapromys 28
Angelfish, Resplendent Pygmy 84
angelina, Libellula 107
angelinae, Otus 42
angfa, Melanotaenia 204
angolensis paliiatus, Colobus 222
angolensis prigoginei, Colobus 111
angolensis ruwenzorii, Colobus 222
angolensis, Epomophorus 136
angolensis, Laephotis 138
angorae, Nemacheilus 203
Angrobia 114, 188
ANGUIDAE 59, 164, 182, 199
anguinus, Proteus 68
Anguispira 214
angularis, Sinocyclocheilus 74
angulata, Beddomeia 114
angulata, Tryonia 212
angulifer, Epicrates 165
angulosa, Biomphalaria 173
angulosa, Thaanumella 210
angusta, Metacnemis 209
angustata, Elliptio 172
angustatus, Claudius 166
angustatus, Procambarus 94
angustina angustina, Salamis 253
angustina vinsoni, Salamis 253
angustina, Salamis 253
angustior. Vertigo 133
angustipennis, Calopteryx 171
angustipluma, Chaetoptila 181
angustipons, Kinoslemon 64
angustirostris, Marmaronetta 32
angustirostris, Todus 154
angustistriata, Tayloria 217
angustus, Hippocampus 81
Angwantibo 139
ANHIMIDAE 147
Anhinga 147
ANHINGIDAE 147
Anhydrophryne 167
Anianiau 56
ANIELLIDAE 246
anijimana, Mandarina 214
ANILIIDAE 200
Anisotremus 84
ankaranensis, Glossogobius 87
ankoberensis, Serinus 56
ankoliae, Tachyoryctes 27
anna, Ciridops 181
annada annada, Erebia 253
annamarulae, Melaenomis 51
annamensis, Mauremys 243
annamurrayae, Phrantela 116
annandalii, Hieremys 64
annectans, Ithamar 251
annectans, Myotis 138
annectens, Ptyochromis 86
anneclens, Samoana 127
annectens, Tachyoryctes 27
annectidens, Haplochromis 85
annettae, Elimia 1 1 7
anniae, Draparnaudia 124
Anniella 246
annulata, Rhinoclemmys 166
annulifera, Pleurocera 1 1 8
Anoa, Lowland 20
Anoa, Mountain 20
ANOBIIDAE 248
anodonta, Angrobia 1 14
Anodonta 255
Anodontoides 172
Anodorhynchus 40, 180
Anoglypta 123
Anole, Roo.sevelt's Giant 59
Anolis 59
Anomala 250
ANOMALOPTERYGIDAE 179
Anomalopus 60
ANOMALURIDAE 145
Anomalurus 145
anomalus, Eleothreptus 153
anomalus, Ophiogomphus 171
anomalus, Sciurus 142
anomalus, Zosterops 161
Anomochilus 200
ANOMOPODA 90
Anonymomvi 23
anophthalmus, Oreonectes 75
anophthalmus, Sinocyclocheilus 74
anophthalmus, Tasmanipatus 109
anophthalmus, Troglocaris 93
Anoplolepis 100
ANOPLURA 98
anops, Adelocosa 88
Anorrhinus 154
ANOSTRACA 91, 132, 169. 207, 244
/4noromy5 23
Anoura 137, 194
ansellorum, Crocidura 6
Anjer 32
ANSERIFORMES 32. 147. 179
ansorgei ansorgei, Crossarchus 224
ansorgei, Xenocopsychus 161
Ant, Australian 101
261
Ant, European Red Wood 170
Ant, Sri Lankan Relict 100
Ant-blue, Illidge's 102
Ant-tanager, Black-cheeked 55
Ant-tanager. Sooty 162
antaeus, Epargyreus 252
antalyensis, Capoeta 202
Antanartia 253
antarcticus. Rallus 37
Antbird, Black-tailed 46
Antbird, Grey-headed 46
Antbird, Ochre-rumped 155
Antbird, Rio Branco 45
Antbird, Rio de Janeiro 155
Antbird, Rufous-tailed 155
Antbird, Santarem 155
Antbird, Scalloped 46
Antbird, Slender 46
Antbird, White-breasted 155
Antbird, White-masked 198
Anteater, Giant 5
Anlechinomys 193
Antechinus, Atherton 135
Antechinus, Carpentarian 3
Antechinus, Cinnamon 135
Antechinus, Dusky 219
Antechinus, Habbema 193
Antechinus, Lesser 193
Antechinus, Long-nosed 193
Antechinus, Normanby 193
Antechinus, Swamp 219
Antechinus 135, 193,219
anteisensis, Pseudamnicola 1 1 6
antelmeana, Culella 128
Antelope, Bates' Pygmy 141
Antelope, Beira 21
Antelope, Four-horned 22
Antelope, Giant Sable 228
Antelope, Hunter's 21
Antelope. Roan 130
Antelope, Royal 141
Antelope, Sable 130
Antelope, Tibetan 21
anteronivea, Polyphylla 250
antesella, Percina 84
antevorta, Hypolimnas253
Anthias 82
ANTHICIDAE 98, 248
Anthicus 98, 248
Anthocephala 153
anthoides. Asthenes 45
anthonyi, Dicaeum 161
anthonyi, Neotoma 25
anthonyi, Pipistrellus 13
anthonyix, Leptoxis 188
Anthops 10
ANTHOZOA 128,217
Anthracoceros 44, 154
Anthreptes 53, 161
ANTHURIDAE 96
Anthus 48, 157
Antichthonidris 100
Antidorcas 130
antigone, Grus 149
aniiguae, Alsophis 61
antHlensis, Heteropsomys 178
Antilocapra 227
ANTILOCAPRIDAE 227
Antiiope 20
antimachus, Papilio 208
antimena, Hypogeomys 24
antineae, Heterohyrax 20
antiochensis, Anthicus 248
antiochi, Efferia 250
antiphates ceylonicus, Graphium 253
antipodes, Megadyptes 29
Antipodia 252
Antipodochlora 171
Antiponemertes 128
antisensis, Hippocamelus 197
Antlion, Molokai 254
antongilii, Dyscophus 67
antoniae, Carpodectes 46
antoniae, Telmatherina 79
Antpitta, Bicoloured 46
Antpitta, Brown-banded 46
Antpitta, Chestnut 155
Antpitta, Crescent-faced 155
Antpitta, Cundinamarca46
Antpitta, Elusive 155
Antpitta, Giant 46
Antpitta, Great 155
Antpitta, Hooded 46
Antpitta, Moustached46
Antpitta, Ochre-fronted 155
Antpitta, Peruvian 155
Antpitta, Santa Marta 155
Antpitta, Scallop-breasted 155
Antpitta, Tachira 46
Antpitta, White-browed 155
Antriscopia 92
Antrobia 1 14, 256
Antrolana 97
Antrorbis 114
antrorum, Palaemonetes 95
Antrozous 11
Antshrike, Cocha 155
Antshrike, Speckled 46
Antshrike, White-bearded 45
Antthrush, Rufous-fronted 45
Antvireo, Bicoloured 45
Antvireo, Plumbeous 45
Antvireo, Spot-breasted 155
Antwren, Alagoas 46
Antwren, Ash-throated 46
Antwren, Ashy 46
Antwren, Band-tailed 46
Antwren, Black-capped 155
Antwren, Black-hooded 45
Antwren, Klages's 155
Antwren, Narrow-billed 46
Antwren, Orange-bellied 46
Antwren, Pectoral 46
Antwren, Restinga 46
Antwren, Rio de Janeiro 46
Antwren, Salvadori's 46
Antwren, Serra 155
Antwren, Unicoloured 46
Antwren, Yellow-rumped 46
ANURA 66, 132, 166, 182, 201, 235, 243,
246
Anurophasis 149
Aonyx 140
Aotus 14, 194, 221
apache, Oncorhynchus 77
Apachecoccus 256
apalachicolae, Procambarus 94
Apalis, Bamenda 49
Apalis, Kabobo 198
Apalis, Karamoja 49
Apalis, Kungwe 49
Apalis, Namuli 49
Apalis, Taita 49
Apalis, While-winged 49
Apalis 49, 198
Apalone 65
Apalopteron 54
Apatalestea 250
Apatania 255
apatela, Proloploea 171
Apaturopsis 253
Apaturopsis 253
apella margaritae, Cebus 222
apella robustus, Cebus 222
apexfulva vittata, Achatinella 238
apexfulva, Achatinella 120
Aphaenogaster 100
Aphanapteryx 180
Aphanius 79, 205, 243
Aphanotriccus 156
Aphaostracon 114
Aphelocephala 50
APHIDIDAE 251
aphnaeoides, lolaus 170
Aphodius 250
Aphrastura 45
aphrastus, Sigmodontomys 27
aphylla, Phyllonycteris 1 1
apia, Trochomorpha 128
apicalis, Anectothemis 208
apicalis, Lenoxus 143
apicalis, Leporillus 178
apicalis, Moho 181
apicalis, Parantechinus 3
APIOCERIDAE 250
APLOCHEILIDAE 79, 205, 243
Aplochiton 204
Aplodontia 230
APLODONTIDAE 230
Aplonis 57, 164, 182
Aplothorax 248
apoda, Neochanna 168
Apodemia 253
Apodemus 23, 143, 197
APODIDAE 43, 153, 198
APODIFORMES 43, 153, 181, 198
apoiensis, Paraegista 213
apolinari, Cistolhorus 49
apollinaris, Archon 171
Apollo 105
apollo vinningensis, Pamassius 253
apollo, Pamassius 105
Apomys 23
apophysata, Branchinella 91
aporus, Megupsilon 183
appalachia, Hansonoperla ISA
Appalachia 108
apperti, Phyllastrephus 48
approximata, Partula 190
approximata, Trochomorpha 217
Aprasia 60, 165, 234
apricans, Chtorolestes 108
Apron 84
262
J
Aprosmictus 151
Aproteles 8
aptera, Apteromantis 1 7 1
Apterocychus 249
Apteromantis 171
Apteropanorpa 254
APTEROPANORPIDAE 254
APTERYGIDAE 29
APTERYGIFORMES 29
Apteryx 29
/lp«j 43. 198
Aquadulcaris 90
aquali, Etheostoma 83
aquatica, Fonscochlea 1 1 6
aquaticus carniolicus, Asellus 237
aquaticus cavemicolus, Asellus lYI
aquaticus cyclobranchialis, Asellus 237
aquaticus, Hyemoschus 141
aquila, Balanus 208
aquila, Fregata 31
A^ui/a 33, 148
aquilo, Notomys 144
aquilonia, Formica 170
Ara 40, 180
arabica, Cazella 178
arabicus, Pipistrellus 13
ARACHNIDA 88, 169, 207
Arachnocampa 250
arachnoides, Brachyteles 14
arachnoides, Pyxis 65
Arachnothera 161
araea, Falco 33
araeum, Plagiodontia 179
araeus, Stygobromus 89
ara/, Macrognathus 205
arambourgi, Subuliniscus 1 28
Aramides 36
Aramidopsis 36
ARANEAE 88, 169,207
Arapaima 202
arala, Ogasawarana 209
aratathomasi, Sturnira 137
Ararmga 40, 152
araucana, Columba 151
arausiaca, Amazona 39
Arawacus 102
arborea, Dendrocygna 32
arborea, Hyla 166
arboreus , Dendrohyrax 226
Arborimus 197
Arborophila 34, 149
area, Elliptio 110
area, Protoptila ISA
arcaeformis, Epioblasma 1 10
arcaeformis?, Dysnomia 187
arcaei, Bangsia 162
Arcanator 50
arcanus, Progrmthochromis 184
arcanus, Ptilinopus 39
arcena, Appalachia 108
Archachatina 121,213
ARCHAEOGASTROPODA 112,173,
187, 209, 238
Archaeolacerta 243
Archaeophylax 255
archboldi, Petroica 199
Archboldia 58
Archboldomys 23
Archerfish, Big Scale 244
archeri, Heteromirafra 48
archeri. Mesodon 215
archeri, Pseudochirops 135
archeri, Sminthopsis 219
archeyi, Leiopelma 167
archipelagicus. Indicator 154
Archon 171
arcigerens. Pleuroxia 174
Arcmussel, Altamaha 255
Arcmussel, Ochlockonee 1 10
/4rcricr(5 224
/ircrocefcui 139
Arctocephalus 17
Arctodiaptomus 91
Arctogalidia 224
arctoides, Macaca 15
arctos nelsoni, Ursus 224
arcuatus, Taeromys 27
arcula, Alasmidonta 255
arcyensis, Truncatellina 128
,4rrfea 31, 147
ARDEIDAE 31, 147, 179
ardens, Arborophila 34
ardens, Selasphorus 43
Ardeola 147
Ardeotis 37
ardesiaca, Rhopornis 46
Ardops 137
areaensis. Opanara 123
arenaria, Catinella 175
arenarius, Spalax 27
arenata, Glaresis 250
arenicola, Cicindela 248
areolatus, Trichomycterus 204
arfakensis, Melanotaenia 78
arfakiana, Melanocharis 199
Argali 21
Argali, Altai 229
Argali, KaraTau 229
Argali, Marco Polo 229
Argali, Mongolian Argali, Gobi 229
Argali, Northern Chinese 229
Argali, Tibetan 229
Argali, Tien Shan 229
Arganiella 114
"argens", Yssichromis 185
argentata, Alcedo 44
argentatus, Pteropus 193
argentea, Apalis 49
argentea, Harmogenanina 125
argenteocinereus, Heliophobius 145
argenteus, Galaxias 76
argenteus, Prognalhochromis 184
argentina, Columba 38
argentina, Pheidole 101
argentina, Pseudoatta 101
argentissimus, Plagopterus 73
Argiagrion 106
Argiocnemis 106
argc, Ephemerella 250
Argonemertes 175, 217
Argus, Crested 35
arguta, Partula 190
argynnis, Casinycters 136
Argyresthia 186
ARGYRESTHIIDAE 186
Argyrocupha 252
Argyrodiaptomus 207
argyrognomon lotis, Lycaeides 252
ARHYNCHOBDELLAE 171
ariadne, Orachrysops 103
Ariakehimeshirauo 76
aricomae, Cinclodes 45
aridus, Batrachoseps 68
aridus, Limnebius 249
ar/c/, Pipistrellus 139
ARIIDAE 76, 203
arimalius, Meriones 25
arinagae. Theba 125
ariomus, Scartomyzon 203
arion, Maculinea 170
Anof! 213
ARIONIDAE 213,244
arionides, Maculinea 170
ARIOPHANTIDAE 189
aristodemus ponceanus, Papilio 253
aristophontes, Papilio 105
aristor, Papilio 208
aristotelis, Siluris 203
Ariteus 1 1
Arm.r 76, 204
arizonae arizonae, Sigmodon 233
arizonae plenus, Sigmodon 242
arizonae, Apachecoccus 256
arizonae, Sigmodon 27
arizonae, Sorex 7
arizonensis, Daihinibaenetes 108
arizonensis, Psephenus 249
arizonensis, Sciurus 142
arizonensis, Stygobromus 89
arizonica, Cymbiodyta 249
Arkansia 110
ARMADILLIDAE 208
Armadillo, Brazilian Three-banded5
Armadillo, Giant 5
armandvillei, Papagomys 25
Armalobalanus 208
armatus, Euastacus 96
armenica, Crocidura 193
armenica, Sicista 23
armigera, Lithasia 118
armitageana, Actinella 256
Armsia 121
arnoldii, Strongylognathus 102
arnuxii, Berardius 130
arremonops, Oreothraupis 55
arrosa pomoensis, Helminthoglypta
239
artaxerxes, Harpagochromis 184
artedii, Coregonus 243
/Irtemi'a 132
ARTEMIIDAE 132
artesus, Agapetus 254
Arthroleptides 182
arthuri. Vertigo 175
Artibeus 11, 137, 194
articense, Bythiospeum 115
aniculala, Tropidophora 1 1 8
ARTIODACTYLA 20, 130, 141, 178,
197,226,242,245
Artogeia 253
artuj, Hygrotus 185
263
amboides, Bermudalana 97
Arubolana 97
aruensis, Bostrichthys 206
arundinum. Redunca 131
Arvicola 143
Asaphomyia 250
asaphrombra, Hedylepta 1 86
ascanius, Parides 105
ascensa, Austrochloritis 173
ascensionis, Thalassoma 87
Aie/Zifl 10
ASELLIDAE 96, 237
Asellus 237
ashangiensis, Ancylus 113
ai/ji, Mirafra 48
Ashmunella 175
Asiagomphus 1 07, 238
ASILIDAE 250
Asity, Schlegel's 157
Asity, Yellow-bellied 47
askewi, Fusconaia 172
Aslauga 102
aslini, Turgenitubulus 122
asoka, Puntius 236
asomatus, Lagorchestes 177
Asp 202
aspasma, Chloaeltis 108
asper, Pseudobarbus Ti
asper, Zingel 84
asperata, Quadrula 172
asperrima, Eximiorhagada 214
asperrimus, Coitus 82
Aspideretes 65, 166
Aspidites 61
Aspiduchus 247
aspius, Aspius 202
/4ipiui 202
asprella, Crystallaria 83
Asprete 84
asquamatus, Kosswigichthys 205
Ass, African Wild 19
Ass, Indian Wild 225
Ass, Syrian Wild 225
assamensis, Macaco 15
assimilis, Onychogomphus 107
Assiminea, Pecos 114
Assiminea 114, 210
ASSI1V1INEIDAE 114, 187,210,256
ASTACIDAE 93
Astacoides 95, 208
Astacopsis 95
astacus, Astacus 93
y4irac«.s 93
Astalotilapia 84, 184
ASTEIIDAE 250
asthenes, Aphaoslracon 1 1 4
Asthcnes 45, 155
asticla, Mecistogaster 108
Astraea 1 1 2
Astrapia, Arfak 164
Aslrapia, Ribbon-tailed 58
Astrapia 58, 164
astrifer, Sanopus 78
ajlur, Eutriorchis 33
asturiensis, Cryptosaccus 174
astuta, Amplirhagada 121
A,rfyanaAr 236
atacamensis, Bufo 201
atacamensis, Myotis 12
atacamensis, Telmatobius 67
Ataeniobius 80
A/aeniui- 250
atanuiensis, Rhysoconcha 123
Atelerix 241
ylre/c5 14, 221, 241
Atelognathus 66
Atelomis 44, 154
/\(en/a 174
alf r arer, Notechis 234
a<fr, Alsophis 61
aWr, Apalone 65
a!er, Dromaius 179
a/er, Merulaxis 155
arer, Suncus 8
atercus, Limnephilus 255
aterina, Elimia 1 1 7
aterrima. Pterodroma 30
aterrimus opdenboschi, Lophocebus
222
aterrimus, Lophocebus 140
aterrimus, Probosciger 152
Athene 42
Atherina 204
ATHERINIDAE 78, 168. 183, 204, 243
ATHERINIFORMES 78, 168, 183, 204,
243
atilanica, Crematogaster 100
ar/7«. Partula 190
ATLANTASELLIDAE 97
Atlantasellus 97
atlantica, Phenacolimax 245
atlanticus, Larus 38
Atlantisia 36, 180
Atlapetes 54, 162
atomus, Truncatellina 217
Atossa 253
a(ra aurorae, Salamandra 235
o/ra, Myiagra 159
a/ra, Porzana 36
a?ra, Pyriglena 46
arra, Tijuca 156
Atractelmis 249
atramentaria, Victaphanta 175
atrata, Dorcopsis 4
atrata, Emballonura 10
atrata, Pteralopex 9
atratulus, Anergates 99
atremius suigensis, Rhodeus 236
atricapilla, Heteronetta 147
atricapiUus, Vireo 56
atriceps. Carduelis 163
atriceps, Echiopsis 62
Atrichornis 47
ATRICHORNITHIDAE 47
Atrichotoxon 215
atrifrons, Odontophorus 149
atrimaxillaris, Habia 55
atripinne, Moxostoma lATi
atrocaerulea, Hirundo 48
atrocaudata, Terpsiphone 160
atrogutaris, Arborophila 149
atrogularis, Clytoclantes 198
Atrophaneura 105,208
atropos, Atrophaneura 105
atropurpurea, Alasmidonta 255
atropurpurea, Xipholena 46
atrorus, Cyprinodon 243
atrosuperciliaris, Paradoxomis 160
attenuata, Feresa 195
attenuata, Partula 190
attenuata, Samoana 127
attenuata, Stenella 129
atlenuatus, Hobbseus 94
Attheyella 132
attiguus, Procambarus 94
arti/a, Crocidura 6
Attila, Ochraceous 47
Am7a 47
ATYIDAE 93, 185
afyj lunulatus, Cercocebus 222
afy,r, Cercocebus 140
aubryana, Gymnomyza 54
aucklandica. Anas 32
aucklandica, Coenocorypha 150
audax, Aphanotriccus 156
audax, Characodon 80
audax, Tachyoryctes 27
audouinii, Larus 131
Augastes 153
augustaensis, Hesperodiaptomus 92
Auk, Great 180
Aulacorhynchus 154
aulidion, Notropis 183
Aulopyge 71
aurantia, Partula 190
aurantia, Rhinonicteris 1 1
aurantia, Tyto 42
aurantiaca, Mantella 67
aurantiaca, Pyrrhula 163
aurantius, Chaetops 158
aurantius, Melonycteris 9
aurarius, Platyrrhinus 137
aurata, Murina 138
aurata, Profelis 241
aurata, Sabanjewia 203
auratus auratus, Isoodon 2 1 9
auratus barrowensis, Isoodon 219
auratus, Isoodon 4
auratus, Mesocricetus 25
auratus, Trachypithecus 15
aurea, Diplommatirui 210
aurea, Hypseleotris 244
aurea, Litoria 166
aurea, Tominanga 79
aureocincta, Bangsia 54
aureodorsalis, Buthraupis 54
aureola, Mandarina 214
aureonucha, Ploceus 57
aureospinula, Podogymnura 6
aureus, Afrixalus 243
aureus, Arctocebus 139
aureus, Euplectes 164
aureus, Hapalemur 14
aureus, Poecilmitis 170
aureus, Somatogyrus 211
aureus, Teinopalpus 208
auricapilla, Aratinga 40
auriceps, Cyanoramphus 152
auricularia, Margaritifera 110
auricularis, Pujfmus 30
auriculata, Partula 190
264
auriculatus, Dorcus 249
Auriculella 188, 213
aurita, Aprasia 60
aurita, Callithrix 14
aurita, Ceogale 241
aurita, Myzopoda 1 1
aurita, Nycteris 1 36
auritum, Crossoptilon 149
auritus, Batrachostomus 198
auritus, Mesocapromys 28
aurivillii, Cymothoe 253
aurivilliusi, Graphium 208
aurocapitata, Cuora 200
aurolineata, Percina 84
aurorae, Ducula 39
aurulentus, Piculus 155
austeni, Garrulax 198
australasia, Todirhamphus 154
australasica, Macquaria 206
australe, Cheirodon 203
australe, Etheostorrm 83
australica, Calamoecia 91
australiensis, Rhynchochydorus 90
australis australis, Petaurus 220
australis packardi, Orconectes 131
australis, Lacerta 243
australis, Apleryx 29
australis, Aslauga 102
australis, Austrogammarus 1 85
australis, Basilichthys 168
australis, Crateromys 23
australis, Dryococelus 187
australis, Dusicyon 177
australis, Engaeus 95
australis, Eubalaena 129
australis, Callirallus 149
australis, Helicarion 245
australis, Ictalurus 203
australis, Lagenorhynchus 195
australis, Lampsilis 255
australis, Megascolides 110
australis, Mergus 179
australis, Myotis 194
australis, Ningbingia 122
australis, Ordtrachia 174
australis, Petaurus 135
australis, Phalcoboenus 149
australis, Pseudomys 26
australis, Pseudophryne 167
australis, Tadarida 139
australis, Taphozous 136
australis, Telmatobufo 201
Australophocaena 196
Austretaps 61
austriaca, Orcula 215
austriana, Belgrandiella 115
Austroassiminea 114
Austrochloritis 173
Austrocordulia 106
Austrogammarus 185
Austroglanis 76, 203
Austromenidia 204
Austropotamobius 93
Austrosaga 109
autocrator, Parrmssius 105
Avadavat, Green 57
Ava/ii 14,241
avalona, Strymon 103
avalonense, Radiocentrum 126
avellanarius, Muscardinus 145
avellanum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
/lve«iO«M 211
avemalis, Fluminicola 211
averni, Beddomeia 1 14
AVES 29, 131, 146, 179, 197, 242, 245
aviator, Nyctalus 138
Aviceda 148
avittata, PolyphyUa 250
Avocettula 153
avunculus, Rhinopithecus 15
Awalycaeus 213
>4waouj 206
Awlbill, Fiery-tailed 153
axelrodi, Chilatherina 243
axillaris, Pterodroma 30
axillimentus, Sicyopus 87
/Ijtw 20, 226
Axolotl 68
Aye-aye 14
ayresi, Sarothrura 37
Avr/iya 32
Ayu-fish, Ryukyu 236
Ayumodoki 203
azarae, Dasyprocta 28
azoreum, Nyctalus 13
aztecus, Molossus 139
Azul, Cachorrito de Charco 80
azurea, Cochoa 50
azurius, Poecilmitis 103
Babax. Giant 158
Babax, Tibetan 158
Bafcox 158
Babbler, Bagobo 53
Babbler, Black-browed 51
Babbler, Chestnut-faced 160
Babbler, Deignan's 52
Babbler, Ferruginous 160
Babbler. Hame-tempied 52
Babbler, Golden-crowned 160
Babbler, Grey-breasted 159
Babbler, Iraq 160
Babbler, Jerdon'sSO
Babbler, Marsh 51
Babbler, Melodious 51
Babbler, Pygmy 160
Babbler, Rufous-tailed 158
Babbler, Rusty-crowned 160
Babbler, Slender-billed 160
Babbler, Snowy-throated 52
Babbler, Sooty 52
Babbler, Vanderbilt's51
Babbler, White-breasted 52
Babbler, White-chested 160
babelis, Latiaxis 173
babelthuapi, Palaua 215
baberi. Hylopetes 142
Babirusa 20
Baboon, Gelada 140
Baboon, Guinea 140
Baboon, Hamadryas 140
Babyrnusa 20
babyrussa, Babyrousa 20
bacca. Nesopupa 216
Baccalena 173
bacchus, Lepidochrysops 170
bacchus, Pyrgulopsis 211
bachmanii. Vermivora 56
bactrianus, Camelus 20
badeigularis, Spelaeomis 52
badensis, Bythinella 1 1 5
Badger, Palawan Stink 17
badhami, Lepidochrysops 103
badia, Catopuma 16
badius kirkii. Procolobus 223
badius bouvieri, Procolobus 222
badius ellioti, Procolobus 245
badius epieni, Procolobus 222
badius foai. Procolobus 222
badius gordonorum, Procolobus 223
badius langi, Procolobus llJi
badius lulindicus, Procolobus 223
badius oustaleti, Procolobus 245
badius parmentierorum, Procolobus
223
badius pennantii, Procolobus 223
badius preussi. Procolobus 223
badius rufomitratus, Procolobus 223
badius semlikiensis, Procolobus 223
badius temminckii. Procolobus 223
badius tephrosceles, Procolobus 245
badius tholloni, Procolobus 245
badius waldroni, Procolobus 223
badius, Procolobus 140
baeodon, Maxomys 24
fcaeW, Aythya 32
fcaeri, Hylomyscus 242
feaeri, Poospiza 55
fcaeri, Sandracottus 249
baerii baerii, Acipenser 235
baerii baikalensis, Acipenser 235
baerii stenorrhynchus, Acipenser 235
baerii, Acipenser 70
Baetica 109
baeticus, Dussartius 92
BAETIDAE 250
Bagangan 72, 73
BAGRIDAE 76, 203, 247
Baiji 19
baikalensis, Epischura 92
baileyi baileyi, Naemorhedus 229
baileyi cranbrooki, Naemorhedus 229
baileyi, Crenichthys 79
baileyi, Crocidura 6
baileyi, Naemorhedus 21
baileyi, Noturus 75
baileyi, Thermophis 61
baileyi, Xenospiza 55
bailleui, Loxioides 56
bailloni, Baillonius 154
Baillonius 154
bainsii, Sandelia 88
bairdi, Oreomystis 56
bairdii, Acanthidops 162
bairdii, Berardius 130
bairdii, Tapirus 19
bairdii, Trogon 153
baiulus, Schayera 108
bakeri, Ducula 39
bakeri, Sericulus 58
bakossiorum, Tilapia 86
Balaena M'i.llA.lli
balaenarum. Sterna 150
265
Balaeniceps 147
BALAENICIPITIDAE 147
BALAENIDAE 18, 129,224
Balaenoptera 18, 129, 141, 195, 225
BALAENOPTERIDAE 18, 129, 141,
195, 225
BALANIDAE 208
Balantiocheilos 71
Balanliopteryx 10, 136
Balanus 208
balbus, Mixophyes 67
balconis, Stygobromus 89
baldwini, Nesopupa 216
baliensis, Rasbora 74
Baligi, Dislisazancik79, 243
Baligi, Gokce 71
Baligi, Incilevrek 236
Baligi, Ot 236
Baligi, Siraz 167
Baligi, Yag 73
Balik, Ala 77
Batistes 88
BALISTIDAE 88
BALITORIDAE 74, 132,203
balli, Lepidochrysops 103
balli, Otus 152
balli, Poecilmitis 103
ballmanni, Malimbus 57
ballochi. Kiunga 78
baloni, Gymnocephalus 206
balsetensis, Siettitia 185
balstoni, Nannatherina 206
baluensis, Rattus 26
Bamboowren, Spotted 155
bamendae, Apalis 49
banalica, Imnadia 92
banatica, Zubovskia 108
Bandicoot, Ceram 193
Bandicoot, Desert 177
Bandicoot, Eastern Barred 4, 219
Bandicoot, Giant 193
Bandicoot, Golden 4, 219
Bandicoot, Mouse 193
Bandicoot, Papuan 193
Bandicoot, Pig-footed 177
Bandicoot, Southern Brown 219
Bandicoot, Western Barred4, 219
bandula, Pimtius 73
bangsi, Grallaria 155
Bangsia 54, 162
bangwaensis, Bradypterus 158
Bankclimber, Purple 255
Banksula 88
bannermani, Ploceus 57
bannennani, Tauraco 42
Banteng 20
Banza 109
Baolan 73
baoulan. Punlius Ti
Barasingha, Upland 226
Baratanago, Nippon 236
baraui. Pierodroma 30
Barb, Asoka 236
Barb, Black Ruby 132
Barb, Border 71
Barb, Cherry 132
Barb, Marico 71
Barb, Namaquab 167
Barb, Shortfin 71
Barb, Side Striped 132
Barb, Treur River 132
Barb, Two Spot 132
barbadensis. Amazona 40
barbara senex. Eira 224
barbarae, Astatotilapia 84
barbarus, Otus 152
Barbastella 11
barbastellus, Barbastella 1 1
barbata, Penelope 34
barbata, Polyphylla 250
Barbatula 203
barbatus ahoenobarbus, Sus 226
barbatus oi, Sus 226
barbatus, Amytornis 158
barbatus, Dendrortyx 34
barbatus, Xenuromys 145
Barbel, Iberian 71
Barbel-gudgeon, Dalmatian 71
Barbet, Black-banded 154
Barbet, Brown-throated 154
Barbet, Chaplin's 154
Barbet, Five-coloured 44
Barbet, Orange-fronted 154
Barbet, Red-crowned 154
Barbet, Red-faced 154
Barbet, Scarlet-hooded 154
Barbet, Toucan 154
Barbet, White-mantled 44
barbiger, Procambarus 94
Barbopsis 71
barbouri, Graptemys 165
barbouri, Petromyscus 26
Barbouria 95
Barbtail, White-throated 45
Barbus 71, 132, 167,202
barerae bunta, Kedestes 252
bargibanti. Hippocampus 205
Barkudia 200
barnardi, Austroglanis 76
barnardi. Colophon 99
barnardi, Kapcypriodopsis 97
barnardi, Paramelita 90
bamesiana, Fusconaia 172
baroni, Metallura 43
Baronia, Short-horned 171
Baronia 171
barreimiae, Garra 11
barrenensis, Letomola 214
barrerae, Tympanoctomys 28
barretti, Tasmanipatus 255
barri, Caecidotea 96
barri, Stygobromus 89
barrioi, Alsodes 201
bartelsi, Hylopetes 142
bartelsi, Spizaetus 33
barthi, Biomphalaria 1 1 3
barthi, Bulinus 173
bartoni, Chirostoma 78
bartoni, Cichlasoma 85
bartoni, Prognathochromis 184
Barwing, Streaked 158
basajauna, Oxychilus 175
basilanica, Ficedula 50
basilaris japonica, Matrona 237
Basileuterus 55, 163
Basilichthys 168,204
basilicus, Basileuterus 163
basilii, Hybomys 143
Basilomis 164
basimi, Caecocypris 71
basispina, Branchinella 91
baska, Batagur 64
BASOMMATOPHORA 112, 173, 187,
209, 256
Bass, Giant Sea 82
Bass, Guadalupe 206
Bass, Roanoke 83
Bass, Suwannee 169
Bassaricyon 17, 140
Bassariscus 140
Bat, Angolan Epauletted Fruit 136
Bat, Big Long-nosed 1 1
Bat, Bonin Fruit 9
Bat, Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruitl36
Bat, Buettikofer's Epauletted Fruit8
Bat. Bulmer's Fruit 8
Bat, Cuban Flower 137
Bat, Cusp-toothed Fruit 9
Bat, d'Anchieta's Fruit 9
Bat, Dyak Fruit 136
Bat, East African Collared Fruit9
Bat, Fischer's Pygmy Fruit 9
Bat, Geelvinck Bay Leaf-nosed 10
Bat, Geelvink Bay Fruit 9
Bat, Ghost 10
Bat, Golden-capped Fruit 8
Bat, Greater Mouse-eared 138
Bat, Greater Sheath-tailed 10
Bat, Grey 12
Bat, Guam Fruit 177
Bat, Hawaiian Hoary 245
Bat, Hayman's Epauletted Fruit9
Bat, Indiana 12
Bat, Jamaican Flower 11
Bat, Javan Mastiff 13
Bat, Javan Tail-less Fruit 9
Bat, Javan Thick-thumbed 138
Bat, Kitti's Hog-nosed 10
Bat, Lesser Angolan Epauletted Fruit8
Bat, Lesser Naked-backed Fruit 136
Bat, Lesser Tube-nosed 9
Bat, Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit 136
Bat, Long-fingered 12
Bat, Long-tailed Fruit 9
Bat, Malaita Tube-nosed 9
Bat, Moss-forest Blossom 10
Bat, New Britain Naked-backed 136
Bat, New Zealand Lesser Short-tailed 13
Bat, Orange Fruit 9
Bat, Orange Leaf-nosed 1 1
Bat, Palau Fruit 177
Bat, Panany Giant Fruit 177
Bat, Philippine Bare-backed Fruit 177
Bat, Philippines Tube-nosed Fruit9
Bat, Pond 12
Bat, Puerto Rican Flower 177
Bat, Pygmy Fruit 136
Bat, Raffray's Sheath-tailed 129
Bat, Ridley's Leaf-nosed 10
Bat, Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit 136
Bat, Sao Tome Collared Fruit 9
Bat, Seram Fruit 9
Bat, Seychelles Sheath-tailed 10
266
Bat, Short-palate Fruit 136
Bat, Silvery Fruit 193
Bat, Small-toothed Fruit 9
Bat, Sucker-footed 1 1
Bat, Sulawesi Fruit 136
Bat, Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit 136
Bat, Swift Fruit 136
Bat, Talaud Fruit 8
Bat, Townsend's Big-eared 13
Bat, Western Naked-backed Fruits
Bat, Wroughton's Free-tailed 13
Batagur 64
batchi, Cambarus 93
batesi, Neotragus 141
batesi, Phyciodes 253
batesi, Ploceus 57
batesi, Prionomys 144
Bathanalia 119
Balhmocercus 50
BATHYERGIDAE 145
Bathyergus 145
Bathygobius 206
Bathyraja 201
bathysciodes, Glacicavicola 99
Batillaria 210
BATILLARIDAE 210
Batis, Gabon 198
Batis 198
Batomys 197, 242
batrachocephalus, Mesogobius 206
Batrachoides 78
BATRACHOIDIDAE 78
BATRACHOIDIFORMES 78
Batrachophrynus 67
Batrachoseps 68
Batrachostomus 153, 198
Batrachuperus 68
battoides comslocki, Euphilotes 252
Battus 105
batty i, Leptotila 151
baudii. Pitta 156
Baudinella 173
baudinensis, Baudinella 173
baudinianus, Dromaius 179
baudinii, Calyptorhynchus 40
baumanni, Phyllastrephus 157
baunti, Coregonus 204
bavarica, Bythinella 1 1 5
bavaricus, Microtus 178
Bavispe, Matalote del 75
Bay-owl, Congo 42
Bayadera 238
bayleyi, Dendrocitta 164
bayoni, Prognathochromis 184
bayoni, Xystichromis 1 85
Baza, Jerdon's 148
Bdeogale 16,224
beadlei, Paralabidochrumis 85
beadleianum, Pleurobema ill
bealei, Sacalia 64
Beamy s 23, 143
Bean, Choctaw 256
Bean, Cumberland 256
Bean, Purple 256
Bean, Rayed 256
Bear, Asiatic Black 18
Bear, Baluchistan 224
Bear, Mexican Grizzly 224
Bear, Polar 129
Bear, Sloth 18
Bear, Spectacled 18
Bear, Sun 195
beatrix, Chalinolobus 137
beatus, Crocidura 6
beauforti, Dobsonia 8
beaumonti, Hemistoma 116
Beaver, Admiralty Island 231
Beaver, Broad-tail 245
Beaver, Eurasian 142
Beaver, Mongolian 245
Beaver, Point Arena Mountain 230
Beaver, Point Reyes Mountain 230
Beaver, Rio Grande 245
Bebrornis 50
Becard, Slaty 156
beccarii, Cochoa 50
beccarii, Crocidura 6
bechsteini, Myotis 12
becki, Pterodroma 30
Beckianum 175
beddardi, Bassaricyon 140
Beddomeia 114, 115, 188,256
bedfordi, Proedromys 144
bedfordi, Terpsiphone 160
bednalli, Sinumelon 122
Bedot.a 204
Bee, Anlioch Andrenid 251
Bee, Wallace's Giant 208
Bee, Yellow Banded Andrenid 251
beeri. Acne us 249
Beetle, Caracara Commensal Scarab250
Beetle, American Burying 99
Beetle, Animas Minute Moss 249
Beetle, Anthony Blister 249
Beetle, Antioch Dunes 248
Beetle, Archbold Scarab 250
Beetle, Arizona Water Penny 249
Beetle, Arizona Water Scavenger 249
Beetle, Atascodera Scarab 250
Beetle, Barbate Scarab 250
Beetle, Beer's False Water Penny249
Beetle, Beller's Ground 248
Beetle, Big Pine Key Dung 250
Beetle, Blind Cave 99
Beetle, Blue Ground 169
Beetle, Bog Idol Leaf 248
Beetle, Brown's Riffle 249
Beetle, Brownish Riffle 249
Beetle, Burnell's False Water Penny249
Beetle, Cazier's Tiger 248
Beetle, Ciervo Scarab 99
Beetle, Cobblestone Tiger 169
Beetle, Columbia River Tiger 98
Beetle, Coral Pink Dunes Tiger 248
Beetle, Cresent Dune Scarab 99
Beetle, Curved-foot Diving 248
Beetle, Death Valley Agabus Diving248
Beetle, Delta Green Ground 98
Beetle, Devil's Hole Warm Spring Riffle
249
Beetle, Disjunct Crawling Water249
Beetle, Dohrn's Elegant Eucnemid249
Beetle, Douglas Riffle 249
Beetle, Elusive Diving 248
Beetle, Exiguous Scarab 250
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
99
Beetle.
Beetle
Beetle.
Beetle
Beetle.
Beetle
Beetle.
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle.
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle.
Beetle.
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
248
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle,
Beetle,
249
Beetle,
Beetle,
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle.
Beetle.
250
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle
Beetle.
Beetle.
Beetle
Beetle.
Fig Seed Diving 248
Folkert's Diving 248
Ford's 250
Frigate Island Giant Tenebrionid
Frost's Spring Scarab 250
Gammon's Riffle 99
Ghost Walker 248
Giuliani's Dune Scarab 99
Giuliani's Riffle 249
Globose Dune 99
Greenest Tiger 248
Hardy's Scarab 249
Hercules 250
Hermit 99
Hopping's Blister 249
Hungerford's Crawling Water249
Idaho Dunes Tiger 248
Indiana Minute Moss 249
Kauai Flightless Stag 249
Kelso Dune Scarab 250
Large Scarab 249
Leech's Skyline Diving248
Leech's Water Scavenger249
Little Riffle 249
Los Olmos Tiger 248
Marron's San Carlos Riffle249
Maureen's Minute Moss249
Maureen's Moss 249
Miami Roundhead Scarab 250
Moapa Warm Springs Riffle249
Moestan Blister 249
Mojave Desert Blister 249
Mojave Rabbitbrush Longhorn
Molestan Blister 249
Mono Lake Diving 185
Morrison's Blister 249
Narrow-foot Diving 248
Neojuvenile Tiger 248
North-eastern Beach Tiger248
Oblivious Tiger 248
Ocala Burrowing Scarab 250
Pacific Sand Bear Scarab 250
Parker's Riffle 249
Perrin's Cave 185
Piko Anobiid 248
Pinnacles Riffle 249
Puritan Tiger 98
Red Hills Unique Whirligig249
Ricksecker's Water Scavenger
Robust Riffle 249
Rude's Longhorn 248
Sacramento 98
San Joaquin Dune 99
Schaum's Blue Ridge Ground248
Scott Riffle 249
Scrub Island Burrowing Scarab
Scrub Palmetto Flower Scarab 250
Seclusive Water Scavenger249
Six-banded Longhorn 248
Smyth's Tiger 248
Spangler's Diving 248
Spiny Florida Sandhill Scarab250
Stark's False Water Penny249
Stephan's Riffle 249
Subtropical Blue-Black Tiger248
267
Beetle, Sulphur Springs Diving 248
Beetle, Sylvan Diving 248
Beetle, Tantula Scarab 250
Beetle, Texas Cave 248
Beetle, Texas Minute Moss 249
Beetle, Tibial Scarab 250
Beetle, Tiger 248
Beetle, Tooth Cave Ground 248
Beetle, Tortoise Commensal Scarab 250
Beetle, Travertine Band-thigh Diving248
Beetle, Utah Diving 248
Beetle, Utah Minute Moss 249
Beetle, Utah Water Scavenger 249
Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn248
Beetle, Variegated False Water Penny249
Beetle, Warm Spring Riffle 249
Beetle, Wawawona Riffle 249
Beetle. White Mountains Water Penny
249
Beetle, White Sand Bear Scarab 250
Beetle, Wilbur Springs Minute Moss249
Beetle, Wing-shoulder Minute Moss249
Beetle, Woodruffs Dung 250
Beetle, Woody Gulf Dune Scarab 250
Beetle, Woolly Diving 248
behnii, Micronycteris 1 1
BEHNINGIIDAE 250
beldingi, Geothlypis 55
Belenois 253
Belgrandiella 115, 188, 211
belki, Branchinecta 91
belkini, Brennania 99
bella, Goethalsia 153
Bellamya 119, 120
Bellbird, Bare-throated 156
Bellbird, Three-wattled 46
bellei, Progomphus 107
belleri, Agonum 248
belli, Mathewsoconcha 125
bellii, Beddomeia 1 14
bellula, Achatinella 120
bellula, Elimia 117
bellulus, Margarornis 155
Belocephalus 109
Belomys 142
Beloneuria 254
BELONIFORMES 80, 168, 205, 243
Belontia 132
BELONTIIDAE 88, 132
Beloribitsa 236
Belostoma 250
BELOSTOMATIDAE 250
belphegor, Nirodia 103
beltrani, Cyprinodon 79
Beluga 70, 236
belvica, Chalcalburnus 167
belzebul ululata, Alouatta 221
betzebuth belzebuth, Ateles 221
belzebulh bnmneus, Ateles 221
belzebuth hybridus, Ateles 221
belzebuth, Ateles 14
bemini, Tilapia 86
bengalensis iriomotensis, Prionailurus
224
bengalensis, Eupodotis 11
bengalensis. Gyps 148
bengalensis, Vulpes 195
benguetanus, Papilio 171
benneti, Meridolum 122
bennelti, Casuarius 146
bennetti, Cazella 130
bennettianus, Dendrolagus 135
bennettii, Cynogale 18
benschi. Manias 35
bensoni. 'Lophopsittacus' 180
bensoni, Pseudocossyphus 52
Benthophiloides 206
beoticus, Pseudophoxinus 73
Berardius 130
berezovskii, Moschus 141
bergeri, Homopus 65
bergi, Gymnocharacinus 75
berkeleyi, Hemicycla 174
berlandieri, Gopherus 243
berlepschi, Acestrura 43
berlepschi, Asthenes 45
berlepschi, Dacnis 54
berlepschi, Thripophaga 155
Bermudalana 97
Bermudamysis 97
bermudensis, Bogidiella 89
bermudensis, Currassanthura 96
bermudensis, Spelaeoecia 96
bermudensis, Speleoithona 92
berrmrdi, Epimyrma 100
bernardi, Leptichnus 215
bernardina, Pyrgulopsis 211
bernardini, Catostomus 75
bernardina allyni, Euphilotes 252
bernardus, Macropus 135
berneri, Heteraclean 250
bernieri. Anas 32
bernieri, Orialia 49
bernsteini. Sterna 38
bernsteinii, Megapodius 149
berrisfardi, Colophan 99
Berryeater, Black-headed 46
Berryeater, Hooded 156
Berrypecker, Obscure 199
bertha, Cyanophrys 102
BETHYLIDAE 251
belpakdalaensis, Selevinia 28
betsileanus, Ptychochromaides 86
betsileaensis, Astacoides 208
betsileoensis, Brachyuramys 143
Betta 88
Bettong, Brush-tailed 219
Bettong, Burrowing 219
Bettong, Eastern 219
Bettong, Northern 4
Bettong, Tasmanian 135, 219
Bettongia 4, 129, 135.219
betulina, Sicista 143
betulanensis, Trachoidea 175
beuttikaferi quadrigutta, Eleuthemis
238
bezaarticus bezoarticus, Ozotoceras
227
bezoarticus celer, Ozataceras 227
bezaarticus leucogaster, Ozataceras
227
bezoarticus, Ozatoceros 141
Bhutanitis 105,208,244
biaculeatus, Sygnathoides 205
biangulata, Ceorissa 209
biangulatus, Samatogyrus 21 1
Biotas 45
bibikoffi, Myrmica 101
Bibimys 143
bibrani, Pelachelys 66
bibranii, Pseudaphryne 167
bicarinata, Archachalina 121
bicarinata, Bythinella 115
bicarinata, Discula 124
bicarinatus, Lanistes 1 1 3
bicolor bicolor, Saguinus 221
bicalar ssp., Gila 246
bicolor, Carelia 189
bicolor, Caracina 157
bicolor, Epalzeorhynchos 183
bicolor, Macropleurodus 85
bicolor, Rhyacamis 52
bicolor, Trichastama 160
bicancava, Hirasea 214
biconica, Trichia 215
bicornis, Diceras 19
bicamis, Womersleymeria 250
biddulphi, Podoces 58
bidenalus, Muscacyclops 132
bidens, Mesoplodon 196
bidens, Rousettus 136
bidens, Sturnira 137
bidens, Vampyressa 137
bidentatus, Antichthonidris 100
bidentatus, Aphaenogaster 100
bidwilli, Papuexul 174
bidyanus, Bidyanus 83
Bidyanus 83
bielzii clathrata, Alopia 239
biemarginata, Dysnomia 187
biemargirmta, Epiablasma 110
Bienkotetrix 109
bierzona, Helicella 126
fciVri, Fe/ii 195
/;(>?(, Garrulax 50
fe/eJi, Rhinopithecus 15
bifasciata, Saxicola 160
bifasciatus, Cyprinodon lAI
bifurcatus, Stygobramus 89
bifurcus, Chilaglanis 76
Bighorn, Nelson's 229
Bighorn, Rimrock 229
bikolanus, Redigobius 169
bilamellata, Helenodiscus 189
Bilby 4
Bilby, Lesser 177
bilensis, Gerbillus 24
bilera, Ecclisomyia 255
bilineata, Partula 190
ii/itij, Cazella 21
billakalina, Fonscochlea 1 16
biloba, Kimminsaperla 254
bimaculatus, Aglymbus 248
bindal, Euastacus 96
binghami, Notarthrinus 252
Binneya 213
binominata, Lampsilis 1 1 1
binturong whitei, Arctictis 224
Binturong, Palawan 224
biocellatus, Glossogobius 169
Biamphalaria 113, 173
biplicata, Lamellidea 120
268
bipunctata, Bryonia 250
Bird-of-paradise, Biue 58
Bird-of-paradise, Emperor 164
Bird-of-paradise, Goldie's58
Bird-of-paradise, Macgregor's58
Bird-of-paradise, Red 164
Bird-of-paradise, Wilson's 164
Bird-of-paradise, Yellow-breasted 199
Birddrop, Insular 175
Birdwing, Chimaera 171
Birdwing, Paradise 244
Birdwing, Queen Alexandra's 105
Birdwing, Rothschild's 105
Birdwing, Talaud Black 105
Birgus 207
birmanicus, Lacconectus 248
bisaltide andamana, Doleschallia253
biscaiense, Zospeum 1 1 3
Bischoffena 214
bischoffensis, Bischoffena 214
bisectus, Orconectes 94
bisetosus, Fibulacamptus 96
Bishop, Golden-backed 164
bishopi, Catharopeza 55
bishopi, Clyomys 28
bishopi, Moho 54
bishopi, Nesopupa 216
Bison, American 130
bison, Bison 130
Bison, European 20
Bison 20, 130
bispinosa, Boeckella 91
bispinosus, Euastacus 96
bistriata, Isothrix 146
bisulcus, Hippocamelus 20
Biswamayopterus 22
biswasi, Biswamayopterus 22
Bitis 62
bitorquatus, Rhinoptilus 37
bitridentata, Opanara 123
Bitterling, Itasenpara71
Bitterling, Tokyo 74
Bittern, Australasian 31
Bittern, Black-backed 179
Bittern, Forest 147
Bittern, Schrenck's 147
Bitungu 73
BIVALVIA 110, 133, 172, 187, 209, 238,
244, 255
bivaricosus etheridgei, Placostylus 239
bivaricosus, Placostylus 126
bivexilla, Speleophria 97
bivittata, Buettikoferella 158
biionatus, Sandracottus 249
Black-cockatoo, Glossy 40
Black-cockatoo, Slender-billed40
Black-cockatoo, White-tailed40
Black-tyrant, Hudson's 156
Blackbird, Forbes's 56
Blackbird, Jamaican 163
Blackbird, Saffron-cowled 56
Blackbird, Yellow-shouldered56
Blackbuck 20
blackbumi, Manduca 254
blackbumi, Pentarthrum 185
Blackcap, Bush 159
blacki, Cambarellus 93
blacki, Orconectes 94
Blacksnake, St Vincent 61
blainvillei, Echimys 146
blainvillei, Pontoporia 196
blainvillii, Mormoops 137
blakei, Crallaria 155
blakistoni. Ketupa 42
Blanca, Dama Ciega 77
blanci, Chitala 167
blandingii, Emydoidea 165
Blanfordimys 143
blarina, Myosorex 1
Blarinella 136
Blarinomys 143
btasii, Rhinolophus 137
Blastocerus 20
BLATTARIA 247
BLATTIDAE 247
Bleak, Danube 202
Bleak, Italian 71
Bleda 48
Bleeding-heart, Luzon 151
Bleeding-heart, Mindanao 39
Bleeding-heart, Mindoro39
Bleeding-heart, Negros 39
Bleeding-heart, Sulu 39
bleheri, Chilatherina 78
BLENNIIDAE 206
Blenny, Tayrona 87
BLEPKAROCERIDAE 99
Blesbok 228
blewitti, Athene 42
blighi, Myiophonus 51
Blindcat, Toothless 75
Blindcat, Widemouth 75
Bloater 77
blofeldi, Chilonopsis 191
blomberg', Bulimulus 126
blossomae, Euploea 170
Blossomcrown 153
Blue, Alcon Large 170
Blue, Bohart's 252
Blue, Comstock's 252
Blue, Dusky Large 170
Blue, El Segundo 252
Blue, Greater Large 170
Blue, Higgin's Anomalous 103
Blue, Karner 252
Blue, Langston's 252
Blue, Large 170
Blue, Lotis 252
Blue, Mattoni's 252
Blue, Mission 252
Blue, Moro Bay 252
Blue, Naga Hedge 252
Blue, Palos Verdes 252
Blue, Pheres 252
Blue, Piedmont Anomalous 103
Blue, San Emigdio 252
Blue, Scarce Large 170, 252
Blue. Sierra Nevada 103
Blue, Smith's 252
Blue, Tailless 252
Blue, Texas Tailed 252
Blue, Wineland 170
Blue, Xerces 186
Blue-Eye, Cape 243
Blue-Eye, Forktail 243
Blue-eye, Glass 78
Blue-eye, Honey 78
Blue-Eye, Paska's 205
Blue-Eye, Popondetta 243
Blue-eye, Red-finned 79
Blue-flycatcher, Large-billed 158
Blue-flycatcher, Malaysian 158
Blue-flycatcher, Rueck'sSO
Blue-flycatcher, White-bellied 158
Bluebuck 178
Bluetongue, Pygmy 61
blumenbachii, Crax 34
blythii, Tragopan 35
Boa, Bahamas 246
Boa, Cuban 165
Boa, Dumeril's 61
Boa, Jamaican 61
Boa, Madagascar 61
Boa, Madagascar Tree 61
Boa, Mona Island 234
Boa, Puerto Rican 165
Boa, Round Island 182
Boa, Round Island Keel-scaled 61
Boa, Rubber 246
Boa. Virgin Islands 234
boanensis, Monarcha 5 1
bobak, Marmota 131
bobrinskoi. Eptesicus 138
bocagei, Bostrychia 31
bocagii, Amaurocichla 49
bocagrande, Cyprinella 71
Bocagrande, Sardinita71
Bocon, Guayacon 80
bocourti, Phoboscincus 200
bodenheimeri, Pipistrellus 139
Boeckella 91
boehlkei, Elassoma 169
boesemani, Melanotaenia 78
boettgeri, Pronesopupa 216
Boettgeria 123
bofilliana, Montserratina 174
Bofilliella 123
Boga-Portuguesa 71
bogalusensis, Skislodiaptomus 20V
bogdanovi, Dinaromys 143
Bogidiella 89
BOGIDIELLIDAE 89
BOIDAE 61, 165, 182, 234, 246
boitonei, Cynolebias 79
bojerii fontenayi, Gongylomorphus 246
bojnicensis. Belgrandiella 1 1 5
bokermanni, Lonchophylla 1 1
Bolborhynchus 40
bolei, Monolistra 97
boliviensis, Abrocoma 28
bollii, Columba 38
bollonsi, Placostylus 121
Boloria 104
Bolson, Perrito del 243
boltoni, Aethopyga 161
Bolyeria 182
bombina, Bombina 132
Bombina 132
bombinus, Myotis 138
bombus, Acestrura 43
Bombycilla 157
BOMBYCILLIDAE 157
bomolensis, Gulella 216
269
bonaeriensis, Phyllotis 144
bonana, Icterus 56
bonarensis, Balaenoptera 129
Bonasa 149
bonasia, Aphanapteryx 180
bonasus. Bison 20
Bongo 141
Bongo, Eastern 230
Bongo, Westen 230
bonhotei, Gerbillus 24
bonillai, Arius 76
Boninagrion 106
Boninena 121
boninensis. Gastrocopta 127
boninensis, Indolesles 107
boninensis, Liardetia 124
Boninosuccinea 128
Boninthemis 107
bonita, Priapella 184
bonnali, Lacerta 60
bonnevillensis, Stagnicola 1 1 3
bonlanus, Rattus 26
Bontebok 130,228
bonthaina, Ficedula 50
fcon/i, Telmatherina 243
Bonytongue, Asian 70
Boobook, Sumba 42
Booby, Abbott's 30
Boodie 4, 219
boonsongi, Parahelicops 200
hoops, Harpagochromis 184
boraborensis, Mautodontha 123
boraxobius, Gila 72
borbonensis. Hippocampus 81
Borbonibis 179
borbonica mauritiana, Antanartia 253
borbonica, Antanartia 253
borbonica, Cylindraspis 182
borbonicus, Scotophilus 13
bordaensis, Glyptorhagada 122
borealis, Balaenoptera 18
borealis, Lissodelphis 242
borealis, Numenius 37
borealis, Picoides 45
boreas, Bufo 66
bomeensis, Orlitia 166
bomeoensis, Callagur 64
bommuelleri, Vipera 62
Boroda 87
Boromys 178
borysthenicus, Leuciscus 202
Bo5 20
boschungi, Etheostoma 83
boscoi, Ponticyclops 132
Boselaphus 130
Bostrichthys 206
Boslrychia 31
Botaurus 3!
Bothriembryon 256
Bothriembryon 121, 256
Bothrops 62
Bofia 74
Boto 19
fcowwanae, Laephotis 138
bottae umbratica, Charirw 246
bottegoides, Crocidura 6
Boubou, Turati's 157
boucardi, Amazilia 43
bouchardi, Cambarus 93
boueti, Typhlosynbranchus 205
bougainville bougainville, Perameles
219
bougainville fasciata, Perameles 219
bougainville, Melomys 144
bougainville, Perameles 4
bougainvillei, Actenoides 44
bourguigrujti, Gonospira 175
bourguignati, Paladilhiopis 116
bourguignatiana, Renea 1 1 3
boumianum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
bousfieldi, Gammarus 90
fcov/, Fissuria 116
BOVIDAE 20, 130, 141, 178, 227, 242,
245
bovinus, Cyprinodon 79
bowdoini, Mesoplodon 196
Bowerbird, Archbold's 58
Bowerbird, Fire-maned 58
Bowerbird, Golden 132
Bowerbird, Golden-fronted 164
boweri, Colluricincla 158
Bowkeria 252
ftowmani, Stygobromus 89
bowryensis, Beddomeia 1 14
Boxeador, Cachorrito 80
boyciana, Ciconia 31
boyeri, Atherina 204
boykiniana, Elimia 117
braccatus, Moho 54
bracei, Chlorostilbon 181
BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE 78
Brachionichthys 78
brachycephala, Myonycteris 9
Brachycercus 250
brachycerus, Thestor 170
Brachygalaxias 204
Brachylagus 146
brachylopha, Lophomis 43
Brachylophus 59
Brachyphylla 137
Brachypteracias 44
brachypterus, Dasyornis 50
Brachypteryx 50, 158
Brachyramphus 150
brachyrhynchus. Hippocampus 81
Brachyleles 14
Brachythemis 107
brachyura, Hystrix 28
Brachyuromys 143
brachyurus, Accipiter 32
brachyurus, Crysocyon 140
brachyurus, Ramphocinclus 49
brachyurus, Setonix 4
Bracken-warbler, Cameroon 158
bracteata, Lampsilis 172
bradei, Holoaden 67
bradshaweri, Bothriembryon 121
BRADYBAENIDAE 121,213,239
BRADYPODIDAE 5
Bradypodion 59, 164, 165
Bradypterus 50, 158, 198
Bradypus 5
Branchinecta 91,244
BRANCHINECTIDAE 91, 244
Branchinella 91
BRANCHIPODIDAE 91
brandli, Barbatula 203
branickii, Dinomys 28
branickii, Leptosittaca 41
Branta 32
brasilensis, Caecorhamdella 204
brasiliana, Cercomacra 155
brasiliensis, Amazona 40
brasiliensis, Pteronura 17
brasiliensis, Tadarida 139
brassi, Philemon 199
braueri, Antipodochlora 171
braunei, Benthophiloides 206
brauni, Laniarius 48
brazieri, Bothriembryon 121
brazieri, Ostodes 212
Brazieria 217
brazoriensis, Procambarus 94
bredanensis, Steno 196
bregullae, Chaerephon 139
brehmii, Monarcha 51
brelichi, Rhinopithecus 15
brenchleyi, Ducula 39
brenchleyi, Pupina 212
Brennania 99
bressanum, Bythiospeum 244
brevibarbus, Ancharius 203
brevicauda ishigakiana, Bayadera 238
brevicaudata. Chinchilla 28
brevicaudata, Microgale 241
brevicaudatus, Onchotelson 97
breviceps, Blarinomys 143
breviceps. Hippocampus 205
breviceps, Hipposideros 10
breviceps, Kogia l/il
breviceps, Polyergus 101
Breviceps 67
brevicincta, Somatochlora 106
brevicomis, Baronia 171
brevidens, Dysnomia 255
brevidens, Epioblasma 110
brevipalmata, Litoria 166
brevipennis, Acrocephalus 49
brevipennis, Vireo 163
brevipes, Aratinga 40
brevipinnis, Barbus 71
brevipinnis, Torguigener 207
brevirostris, Chasmistes 75
brevirostris, Orcaella 195
brevirostris, Rissa 38
brevirostrum, Acipenser 70
brevis, Adelotus 167
brevis, Avenionia 21 1
brevis, Chetia 84
brevis, Elimia 1 17
brevistigmala okinawanus,
Chlorogomphus 237
breweri, Antrobia 256
breweri, Antrorbis 114
breweri, Microtus 242
brewsteri, Siphonorhis 153
breyeri, Tetradactylus 59
Briana 71
briansmithi, Beddomeia 114
briarea, Anetia 170
Bridouxiana 119
270
bridwelli, Nesilhmysus 248
bridwelli, Nesosydne 251
Brilliant, Pink-throated 153
Bristle-tyrant, Antioquia47
Bristle-tyrant, Southern 156
Bristle-tyrant, Venezuelan 156
Bristlebill, Green-tailed 48
Bristlebird, Eastern 50
Bristlebird, Rufous 50
Bristlebird, Western 50
Bristlefront, Slaty 155
Bristlefront, Stresemann's46
Bristlehead, Bornean 157
Bristletail, Hawaiian Long-palp254
Bristletail, Perkin's Club-palp254
broadbenti, Dasyornis 50
broadbenti, Peroryctes 193
Broadbill, African Green 45
Broadbill, Wattled 45
broadleyi, Pelusios 65
brochus, Syntheosciurus 142
brocki, Vampyressa 1 1
bromeliarum, Aglymbus 248
Bronze-cuckoo, Green-cheeked 198
Bronzewing, Flock 151
Bronzewing, New Britain 151
Bronzewing, New Guinea 151
brookei, Sundasciurus 142
Brookesia 59
brooksi tearei, Poecilmitis 252
brooksi, Delanymys 242
Brotogeris 152
Brotomys 178
broughami, Cupedora 173
Brown, Dickson's 253
Brown-dove, Dark-eared 39
brownae, Astatotilapia 84
browni, Bulinus 173
browni, Microcylloepus 249
browni, Monarcha 159
browni, Optioservus 249
brownii, Geocapromys 28
brownii, Thylogale 4
brucei, Campellolebias 79
bruchi, Oxyepoecus 101
bruijni, Pogonomelomys 26
bruijni, Zaglossus 3
bruijnii, Aepypodius 34
bruijnii, Epimachus 164
brumbacki. Actus 14
brumbyi, Pleurocera 1 1 8
bruneauensis, Pyrgulopsis 211
brunei, Tryonia 212
brunii, Thylogale 4
brunnea, Hyaena 241
brunnea, Merycomyia 250
brunneata, Rhinomyias 52
brunneicapilla, Aplonis 57
brunnescens, Dubiraphia 249
brunnescens, Macaca 15
brunneus brunneus, Chlorogomphus
238
brunneus brunneus, Spermophilus 23 1
brunneus endemicus, Spermophilus 23 1
brunneus keramensis, Chlorogomphus
238
brunneus, Chalepoxenus 100
brunneus, Dromaeocercus 158
brunneus, Eptesicus 138
brunneus, Paradoxornis 160
brunneus, Pteropus 177
brunneus, Spcirops 53
brunneus, Spermophilus 22
brunnipennis floridana, Photuris 249
brunnotesselata, Trigonoscuta 248
brunus, Hydromantes 68
Brush-finch, Dusky-headed 162
Brush-finch, Pale-headed 54
Brush-finch, Rufous-eared 162
Brush-finch. White-riinmed 162
Brush-finch, Yellow-headed 54
Brush-turkey, Bruijn's34
Brush-warbler, Moheli 159
bryani, Oceanides 251
bryani, Rhyncogonus 185
Bryania 250
bryantae, Philodice 153
bryanti, Neotoma 25
Brychius 249
bubalis, Bubalus 20
Bubalus 20
Bufco 42, 152
bubulum, Cristilabrum 121
buccinator, Cygnus 147
BUCCINIDAE 173,213
Bucco 154
BUCCONIDAE 154
buccula, Notropis 73
bucculentus, Sus 178
Buceros 154
BUCEROTIDAE 44, 154
bucharicus, Blanfordimys 143
buckleyi, Micrastur 242
buddii, Achatinella 188
Budorcas 21,227
buergersi, Erythrotriorchis 198
Buettikoferella 158
buettikoferi, Epomops 8
buettikoferi, Nectarinia 242
buettneri, Leimacomys 24
Buffalo, African 131
Buffalo, Wild Water 20
Buffetia 125
B«/o 66, 166, 201
BUFONIDAE 66, 166, 201
Bug, Amargosa 251
Bug, Ana Wingless Thread 25 1
Bug, Annectans 251
Bug, Ash Meadows 251
Bug, Bryan's Seed 251
Bug, Dry Creek Cliff Strider 251
Bug, French Frigate Shoal Seed 251
Bug, Hawaiian 251
Bug, Kauai Band-legged Seed 251
Bug, Lanai Leaf 251
Bug, Mauna Loa Seed 251
Bug, Mirid Leaf 251
Bug, Mount Haleakala Seed 251
Bug, Mount Tantalus Wingless Thread
251
Bug, Necker Bunchgrass Seed 251
Bug, Necker Goosefoot Seed 251
Bug, Nihoae Seed 251
Bug, Perkin's Oceanides Seed 251
Bug, Pulchrus Thread 251
Bug, Robert's Wingless Thread251
Bug, Rough-headed Seed 251
Bug, Saratoga Springs 250
Bug, Selium Wingless Thread 251
Bug, Smith's Reduviid 251
Bug, Villosan Flightless Seed 251
buhleri, Coryphomys 178
bulbicercus, Nanodectes 109
Bulbul, Blue-wattled 198
Bulbul, Grey-headed 157
Bulbul, Hook-billed 157
Bulbul, Mauritius 48
Bulbul, Nicobar 48
Bulbul, Spot-necked 48
Bulbul, Straw-headed 48
Bulbul, Streak-breasted 48
Bulbul, Styan's 157
Bulbul, Yellow-eared 157
Bulbul, Yellow-throated 157
Bulbul, Yellowish 157
bulenta. Problems 252
bulgardaghica, Vipera 62
Bulha, Mojarra de 236
bulimoides rosea, Achatinella 238
bulimoides, Achatinella 120
BULIMULIDAE 121,133,239,244
Bulimulus 126,215
Bulinus 113, 173
bulla, Ningbingia 122
bullaris, Tylomys 27
bullata, Allactaga 142
bullatus, Peromyscus 26
bulleri, Diomedea 146
bulleri, Puffinus 146
Bullfinch, Orange 163
Bullfinch, White-cheeked 163
bullocki, Brachygalaxias 204
bullocki, Telmatobufo 201
Bullockia 204
Bully, Tarndale 87
bulmerae, Aproteles 8
bulolo, Chilatherina 204
bulweri, Discula 124
bulweri, Lophura 35
bungaroides, Hoplocephalus 62
Bungu, Peso 87
bunkeri, Neotoma 25
bunnii, Nesokia 144
Bunolagus 28
Bunomys 23, 143
Bunting, Cinereous 162
Bunting, Gough 55
Bunting, Grosbeak 55
Bunting, Ochre-rumped 162
Bunting, Rose-bellied 162
Bunting, Rufous-backed 54
Bunting, Slaty 162
Bunting, Socotra 55
Bunting, Tibetan 162
Bunting, Tristan 55
Bunting, Yellow 55
Buntingi 80
Buntingi, Black 80
Buntingi, Duck-billed 80
Buntingi, Egg-carrying 81
Buntingi, Popta's 81
BUPRESTIDAE 98
Buprestis 98
271
buraensis, Thapsia 125
burbidgei, Petrogale 135
burchellanus. Parides 171
burchelli, Aplothorax 248
burchelli, Pseudobarbus 73
burdigala. Betta 88
burduricus, Aphanius 79
burduricus, Arctodiaptomus 91
bureschi, Barbatula 203
burgi. Pseudobarbus 73
Burmagomphus 107
burnetii, Acneus 249
burnesii, Prinia 52
feurni, Victodrobia 117
bumieri, Ploceus 57
burra, Certhilauda 47
BURRAMYIDAE 4, 220
Burramys 4
burrisi, Fallicambarus 94
Burrower, Piedmont Blue 93
burrowsius. Neochanna 77
burrus, Ratlus 26
burloni, Bathygobius 206
burtoni, Gerbillus 24
burloni, Percina 84
buruensis, Platynectes 249
burundensis, Tropodiaptomus 92
fouryi, Sy/via 52
buryillum, Cristilabrum 121
busbyi, Paryphanta 175
buschingeri, Leptothorax 100
busckana, Carolella 252
buselaphus buselaphus, Alcelaphus 227
buselaphus caama, Alcelaphus 111
buselaphus cokei, Alcelaphus in
buselaphus lelwel, Alcelaphus 111
buselaphus major, Alcelaphus 111
buselaphus swaynei, Alcelaphus 227
buselaphus tora, Alcelaphus 227
buselaphus, Alcelaphus 130
Bush-crow, Ethiopian 58
Bush-quail. Manipur 35
Bush-robin, Rufous-breasted 160
Bush-shrike, Bulo Burti48
Bush-shrike, Gabela 48
Bush-shrike, Green-breasted 48
Bush-shrike, Lagden's 157
Bush-shrike, Monteiro's49
Bush-shrike, Mount Kupe49
Bush-shrike, Orange-breasted 48
Bush-shrike, Uluguru 48
Bush-tanager, Yellow-green 54
Bush-tyrant, Rufous-bellied 155
Bush-tyrant, Santa Marta47
Bush-warbler, Aldabra 181
Bush-warbler, Long-billed 50
Bush-warbler, Long-tailed 158
Bush-warbler, Sri Lanka 158
Bush-warbler, Tanimbar 158
Bushbird, Recurve-billed45
Bushbird, Rondonia 198
Bushchat, Jerdon's 160
Bushchat, White-bellied 160
Bushchat, White-browed 52
Bushchat, White-throated 52
bustamantei, Evarra 183
Bustard, Blue 150
Bustard, Great 37
Bustard, Great Indian 37
Bustard, Houbara 242
Bustard, Little 150
Bustard, Little Brown 150
Bustard, Nubian 150
Butastur 148
Butcherbird, Tagula 199
Buteo 33, 148
Buthraupis 54
bulls. Bulls 169
Bulls 169
bulleri, Accipiter 147
butleri, Sminlhopsis 4
Butterfly, Andrew's Marble 253
Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot253
Butterfly, Miami Blue 252
Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr 253
Butterfly, Mono Checkerspot253
Butterfly, Smokey Eyed Brown 253
Butterfly, Tawny Crescent 253
Butterfly, Uncompahgre Fritillaryl04
Butterflyfish, Easter Island 84
Butterflyfish, Marley's84
Butterflyfish, Yellow-crowned 84
Buttonquail, Black-breasted 35
Buttonquail, Buff-breasted 35
Buttonquail, Chestnut-backed 35
Buttonquail, Spotted 149
Buttonquail, Sumba 35
Buttonquail, Worcester's 35
buxloni, Tragelaphus 22
Buzzard, Rufous-winged 148
byrnei, Dasycercus 3
byronii, Achalinella 120
Bylhtnella 115,173,188,244
Bvlhiospeum 1 15, 173, 21 1, 244
bVtHITIDAE 77, 204, 247
bylhobalhes, Tilapia 86
cabanisi, Tangara 55
Cabassous 136, 193
Cabezon, Cachorrito 79
caboti, Tragopan 35
cabrerae, Microlus 144
Cacajao 14,221,241
Cacalua 40, 152
cachinnans, Garrulax 159
Cacicus 56
Cacique, Selva 56
Caco, Cape 167
Caco, Poynton's 201
Cacomanlis 198
Caconemobius 108
Cacoslemum 167, 201
cactorum, Aslhenes 155
cacuminis, Leploperla 109
Caddisfly, Alexander's 255
Caddisfly, Alsea Micro 254
Caddisfly, Arkansas 254
Caddisfly, Artesian 254
Caddisfly, Athens 187
Caddisfly. Bilobed 255
Caddisfly, Blue Mountains 255
Caddisfly, Cascades 255
Caddisfly, Castle Crags 255
Caddisfly, Castle Lake 187
Caddisfly, Clatsop 255
Caddisfly, Colombian Gorge 255
272
Caddisfly, Contorted Micro 254
Caddisfly, Denning's 254
Caddisfly, Deschutes Micro 254
Caddisfly, Fender's 255
Caddisfly, Fischer's 254
Caddisfly, Florida Longhorn254
Caddisfly, Florida Micro 254
Caddisfly, Fort Dick 255
Caddisfly, Goeden's 254
Caddisfly, Green Springs Mountain255
Caddisfly, Haddock's 255
Caddisfly, Kiamath 255
Caddisfly, King's Creek 255
Caddisfly, Kings Canyon 255
Caddisfly, Kite's Micro 254
Caddisfly, Knoxville Micro 254
Caddisfly, Little Longhorn254
Caddisfly, Missouri 255
Caddisfly, Mount Hood 255
Caddisfly, Obrien 255
Caddisfly, One-spot 255
Caddisfly, Oregon 255
Caddisfly, Provost's Micro 254
Caddisfly, San Marcos 254
Caddisfly, Spiny 255
Caddisfly, Three-tooth 187
Caddisfly, Tobias' 187
Caddisfly, Tombstone Prairie 255
Caddisfly, Vertree's 254
Caddisfly. Vertree's Micro 254
Caddisfly, Zigzag Blackwater255
caddoensis, Plelhodon 167
cadenati, Entomacrodus 206
cadomae, Piplslrellus 139
Caecidolea 96, 97
caecilia, Slrongylognalhus 102
Caecobarbus 71
Caecocypris 71
Caecorhamdella 204
caelala, Trichia 215
caelalura, Plegma 124
CAENIDAE 250
CAENOLESTIDAE 3
caerulatus, Cyornis 158
caerulea, Cyprinella 71
caerulea, Pilla 156
caeruleiroslris, Loxops 56
caeruleosligmala, Chela 71
caerulescens, Eupodolis 150
caerulescens, Porphyrosplza 163
caeruleus, Cyanocorax 164
caesia, Achalinella 1 88
caespes, Euploea 104
cajfer, Acrocephalus 49
cajfer, Syncerus 131
caglei, Craplemys 64
cahabae, Notropis 73
cahabensis, Clappia 115
cahabensis, Homoeoneuria 250
cahawbensis, Elimia 212
cahita, Calostomus 75
Cahita, Matalote 75
cahni, Erimyslax 72
cahow, Plerodroma 30
cahuilaensls, Slenopelmalus 109
caiguanabus, Papilio 208
Caiman, Black 58
Cairina 32
i
Caimsichthys 78
caissara, Leontopithecus 14
calabarensis, Arctocebus 1 39
calabyi, Thylogale 4
Calamaria 200
calamianensis, Axis 20
Calamoecia 91
CALANOIDA 91, 185,207
calcaris, Boeckella 91
Calcochloris 1A\
Calconiscellus 97
calculus, Caseolus 124
caldeirarum, Leptaxis 125
Caldera, Charal de la 78
calderoni, Cobitis 74
caldwelli, Astacoides 208
caldwelli, Ctenophila 124
Caldwellia 124, 190
caledoni, Aloeides 102
caliculata, Opanara 123
calida calida, Stenelmis 249
calida moapa, Stenelmis 249
calida, Paracoenia 250
calidus, Barbus 71
califomensis, Anodonta 255
califomianus japonicus, Zalophus 224
califomianus wollebaeki, Zalophus 224
califomianus, Gymnogyps 32
califomicus dimorphus, Desmocerus
248
califomicus femoralis, Chaetodipus 231
califomicus mohavensis, Microtus 232
califomicus scirpensis, Microtus 232
califomicus stephensi, Microtus Til
califomicus, Macrotus 1 1
califomiense, Ambystoma 68
califomiensis, Hesperodiaptomus 92
caligata sheldoni, Marmota 230
caligata vigilis, Marmota 230
caliginca, Crocidura 6
Callaeas 58
CALLAEIDAE 58, 132, 182
Callagur 64
callathiscus, Leiostyla 127
Callicebus 14, 194, 221, 241
callifera, Partula 190
Callimico 14
CALLIONYMIDAE 87
Callionymus 87
callipeplum, Chondropoma 212
callippe callippe, Speyeria 253
calliptera, Pyrrhura 41
callipygus, Cephalophus 141
callistoderma, Boninena 121
callistoderma, Helminthoglypta 125
callitaenia, Cyprinella 167
Callithrix 14, 194, 241
CALLITRICHIDAE 14, 194, 221, 241
callizonus, Jokajdon 214
callizonus, Xenotriccus 156
Callophrys 252
Callopistes 200
Callorhinus 17
Callosciurus 22
callotis, Lepus 146
Caloenas 150
Calomyscus 23, 143
calonotus, Simoselaps 165
Caloprymnus 177
CALOPTERYGIDAE 106, 171,237
Calopteryx 106, 171
calopyge, Monclistra 97
Calotes 59
calura, Phascogale 3
Caluromys 3, 135
Caluromysiops 3
ca/va, Lemniscia 133
calve ni, Somatochlora 171
calvus calvus, Cacajao 221
calvus novaesi, Cacajao 221
calvus rubicundus, Cacajao 221
calvus ucayalii, Cacajao 221
calvus, Bulimulus 126
calvus, Cacajao 14
calvus, Geronticus 31
calvus, Sarcogyps 148
calypso, Partula 127
Calyptophilus 54
Calyptorhynchus 40
Calyptura, Kinglet 46
Calyptura 46
CAMAENIDAE 121, 173, 189, 214, 239,
244, 256
Camarhynchus 54, 162
Cambarellus 93
CAMBARIDAE 93, 237
Cambarus 93, 94
cambodiana, Arborophila 34
Camel, Wild Bactrian 20
CAMELIDAE 20, 130, 226
camelopardalis, Ciraffa 130
camelopardalis. Hippocampus 81
camelus. Epigomphus 107
Camelus 20
camensis, Beddomeia 114
cameroni. Colophon 99
camerunense, Enallagma 106
camerunensis, Bulinus 1 1 3
camerunensis, Francolinus 34
camerunensis, Hipposideros 136
campaneri, Canthocamptus 132
campani, Furcifer 59
campbelli, Advena 190
campbelli, Malurus 198
campbelli, Mussonena 122
campbelli, Phalacrocorax 31
Campellolebias 79
Campeloma 120
Campephaga 48
CAMPEPHAGIDAE 48, 157, 242
Campephilus 44, 181
campestris, Caloprymnus 111
campestris, Metacyclops 132
Campethera 154
campi, Batrachoseps 68
campioni, Allorhizucha 107
Campolaemus 192
Camponotus 100
camposensis, Diplomystes 203
Campsicnemus 185
Camptoceras 210
Camptorhynchus 179
Campylopterus 43, 153
Campylorhamphus 155
cana, Vulpes 195
canadensis califomiana, Ovis 229
canadensis cremnobates, Ovis 229
canadensis frondator, Castor 245
canadensis mexicana, Ovis 229
canadensis mexicanus. Castor 245
canadensis nelsoni. Ovis 229
canadensis phaeus. Castor 231
canadensis weemsi, Ovis 229
canadensis, Harpagoxenus 100
canadensis, Ovis 131
canaliculata, Newcombia 120
canalis, Sinployea 189
Canariella 133
canariensis, Crocidura 6
canariensis, Potamonectes 249
Canariomys 178
Canary, Protea 163
Canastero, Austral 45
Canastero, Berlepsch's45
Canastero, Cactus 155
Canastero, Chestnut 45
Canastero, Cip'^ 45
Canastero, Line-fronted 155
Canastero, Maquis 45
Canastero, Pale-tailed 45
cancellata, Prosobonia 38
candango, Juscelinomys 143
candezei, Amychus 249
candicans, Caprimulgus 43
Candida, Partula 190
Candidula 126
candidum, Ophisternon 205
CANDONIIDAE 185
canescens, Bulinus 173
canescens, Marmosa 193
canescens, Pseudocheirus 193
canestrini. Pomatoschistus 206
Cangrejero, Cachorrito 79
caniceps, Diplomys 146
caniceps, Geotrygon 151
caniceps, Peromyscus 26
caniceps, Psittacula 152
CANIDAE 16, 129, 140, 177, 195, 223,
241
canifrons, Gallicolumba 151
caninus, Barbus 167
Canw 16,223,241
cannfluviatilus, Oreomava 214
canning!, Rallina 37
canorus, Bufo 66
cansulus, Sorex 7
cansus morosa. Ochotona ITi?!
cansus sorella, Ochotona 233
cantons, Telespiza 56
cantator, Phylloscopus 160
Canthigaster 88
CANTHOCAMPTIDAE 96, 132, 208
Canthocamptus 96, 132
cantonensis, Pericrocotus 157
cantorii, Pelochelys 66
canus, Eropeplus 24
canus, Optioservus 249
canuti, Rhinolophus 137
capaccinii, Myotis 12
capax, Potamilus 112
capellei, Treron 151
273
capense, Cacosternum 167
Capensibufo 166
capensis, Barbus 71
capensis, Beddomeia 114
capensis. Hippocampus 81
capensis, Metadiaptomus 92
capensis, Microbalrachella 67
capensis, Morus 146
capensis, Myxus lAA
capensis, Pedetes 27
capensis, Rhinolophus 10
capensis, Tumagra 181
Caperea 242
capillaris, Elimia 117
capitalis, Aphanotriccus 156
capitalis, Slachyris 160
Capi'ro 44, 154
CAPITONIDAE 44, 154
Capnia 254
CAPNIIDAE 254
capnodes, Otus 42
Capoeta 167,202
caporaphe, Iredaleoconcha 125
Capra 21, 141,228
capreolus, Pelea 131
capricorni, Tornelasmias 188
Capricornis 21, 130,228
CAPRIMULGIDAE 43, 153, 198
CAPRIMULGIFORMES 43, 153, 198
Caprimulgus 43, 153, 198
Caprolagus 28
CAPROMYIDAE 28, 146, 178
Capromys 178
capsaeformis, Dysnomia 255
capsaeformis, Epioblasma 110
Capshell, Rocky Mountain 112
capsula, Ogasawarana 209
captivus, Xenoophorus 80
Capuchin, Andean White-fronted222
Capuchin, Robust Tufted 222
Capuchin, White-fronted 222
capucinus curtus, Cebus 222
Capvi 102
CARABIDAE 98, 169, 185, 248
Carabus 98, 169
Caracara, Guadalupe 179
Caracara, Striated 149
Caracolera, Mojarra 85
caramba, Paludiscala 116
carassius , Carassius 236
CaraiiiUi 236
carbonaria, Cercomacra 45
Carbonera, Perrito de 79
carcassoni, Mylothris 253
CARCHARHINIDAE 69
Carcliarhinus 69
carcharias, Carcharodon 69
Carcharias 69
CARCHARINIFORMES 69
Carcharodon 69
Carcinoscorpius 209
Cardinal, Yellow 55
Cardiocondyla 100
Cardiocranius 23
Cardioderma 136
cardium, Lampsilis 172
cardonai, Myioborus 56
cardosoi, Megalolulimus 190
Carduelis 56, 163
Carelia 189
caretta, Caretia 62
Caretta 62
CARETTOCHELYIDAE 62
Carellochelys 62
caribaea, Columba 38
caribaeus, Vireo 56
caribbaea, Pxerodroma 30
Caribou, Peary 227
cariei, Typhlops 182
cariei, Unio 187
carinata bartschi, Cyclura 234
carinata carinata, Cyclura 234
carinata, Deinacrida 254
carinata, Cyclura 59
carinata, Lantzia 1 1 3
carinata, Tropidophora 212
carinatum. Electron 154
carinatus, Neoplanorbis 1 1 3
carinella, Perdicella 213
carinofausta, Actinella 174
Carinotrachia 121
carinulata, Bythinella 173
Carinurella 90
cariosa, Lampsilis 1 1 1
carlhubbsi, Mesoplodon 196
camarvonensis, Jardinella 1 1 6
CARNIVORA 16, 129, 140, 177, 195,
223,241,245
carola, Ducula 39
Carolella 252
caroli, Polyonymus 153
caroli, Pseudochirulus 193
caroli, Sarotherodon 86
Carolina, Terrapene 166
carolinae, Cettia 158
carolinae, Syconycteris 10
carolinae, Trochomorpha 111
carolinarum, Sturanyella 209
carolinensis, Conuropsis 180
carolinensis, Omphalotropis 210
carolinensis, Papilio 105
carolinensis, Skistodiaptomus 92
carolitertii, Leuciscus243
carolynnae, Aloeides 102
Carp, Crucian 236
Carp, Wild Common 202, 236
carpio , Cyprinus 236
carpio, Cyprinus 202
carpio, Salmo 77
Carpococcyx 42, 152
Carpodacus 199
Carpodectes 46, 156
Carpomys 197
Carpornis 46, 156
CARPOSINIDAE 252
carrikeri, Ceotrygon 39
carrikeri, Tonatia 1 1
carruai, Diploglossus 59
carruthersi, Funisciurus 22
carsoniana, Carinotrachia 121
carteri, Westralunio 110
Carterodon 145
cartilaginea, Amyda 65
cartilagonodus, Otopleropus 9
274
carunculata, Paradigalla 164
carunculatus, Grus 36
carunculatus, Phalacrocorax 31
carunculatus, Philestumus 132
Carunculina 255
CARYCHIIDAE 113
CARYODIDAE 123
caryophyllacea, Rhodonessa 32
Casarea 61
cascadae, Rana 67
Case, Spectacle 255
Caseolus 256
Caseolus 124, 133,256
Casinycters 136
caspica, Phoca 17
cassida, Leiostyla 127
cassini, Gymnostinops 56
cassini, Magicicada 170
cassius, Psammochromis 185
cassoni. Colophon 99
Cassowary, Dwarf 146
Cassowary, Northern 29
Cassowary, Southern 29
casta, Achatinella 188
Castalia 110
castanea, Auriculella 213
castanea, Litoria 243
castanea, Partula 190
castanea, Pithy s 198
castaneae, Ectodemia 186
castaneae, Synanthedon 254
castaneela, Argyresthia 186
castaneiventris, Amazilia 43
castaneus, Lasiurus 12
castanonotum, Glaucidium 152
castanota, Tumix 35
castor, Pyrgulopsis 21 1
Cflifor 142,231,245
CASTORIDAE 142,231,245
castroviejoi, Lepus 28
castus, Monarcha 159
CASUARIIDAE 29, 146
CASUARIIFORMES 29, 146, 179
casuarius, Casuarius 29
Casuarius 29, 146
Cat, African Golden 241
Cat, Andean 16
Cat, Asiatic Golden 140
Cat, Bay 16
Cat, Chinese Desert 195
Cat, Fishing 140
Cat, Flat-headed 16
Cat, Iriomote 224
Cat, Little Spotted 140
Cat, Marbled 195
Cat, Pakistan Sand 223
Cat, Pallas's 241
Cat, Pampas 241
Cat, Rusty-spotted 195
Cat, Sand 241
Catabasis 203
catagius, Cambarus 93
Cataglyphis 100
Catagonus 20
catamene, Loriculus 41
Catamenia 162
cataphractus, Cordylus 59
I
cataphractus, Crocodylus 199
cataractae ssp., Rhinichthys 246
cataractae, Puntius 203
catax, Eriogaster 208
Catbird, Black 158
Catbird, Tooth-billed 164
Catfish, Aristotle's 203
Catfish, Cave 76
Catfish, Dalhousie 247
Catfish, False Spine 247
Catfish, Froggatt's 204
Catfish, Giant 76, 203
Catfish, Lorentz 204
Catfish, New Grenada Sea 76
Catfish. Taylor's 204
Catharopeza 55
CATHARTIDAE 32
calherina, Gyliotrachela 175
catherinae, Metanotaenia 243
Calinella 175
Catocala 253
catodon, Physeler 18
Catopuma 16, 140
CATOSTOMIDAE 75, 168, 183, 203,
243, 246
catostomus lacustris, Calostomus 246
Catoslomus 75, 168, 246
Catreus 34
Catspaw 255
Catspaw, Narrow 1 87
Catspaw, White 255
catta, Lemur 14
caucasica, Capra 21
caucasica, Mertensiella 167
caucensis, Rhipidomys 145
caudacuta, Culicivora 156
caudalis, Leucorrhinia 244
CAUDATA 68, 132, 167, 201, 235, 246
caudata, Marmota 142
caudata, Sicista 23
caudatus caudatus, Naemorhedus 229
caudatus evansi, Naemorhedus 229
caudatus griseus. Naemorhedus 229
caudatus macrurus, Cercartetus 220
caudatus raddeanus, Naemorhedus 229
caudatus, Bradypterus 158
caudatus, Naemorhedus 21
caudatus, Spelaeomis 52
caudiverbera, Caudiverbera 201
Caudiverbera 201
caudocarinatus, Microphis 205
caudovittatus, Tetracentrum 206
Cauque 168
caurinus, Eptesicus 138
caurinus, Notoryctes 4
cavagnaroi, Bulimulus 126
Cavaticovelia 251
cavaticus, Echinodillo 208
Cave-chat, Angola 161
Cavefish, Alabama 77
Cavefish, Northern 77
Cavefish, Ozark 77
cavemicola, Aspiduchus 247
cavemicola, Clarias 76
cavemicola, Eleutherodactylus 67
cavemicola, Spelungula 207
cavemicolus, Atlantasellus 97
Cavesnail, Greenbrier 116
Cavesnail, Mimic 116
Cavesnail, Phantom 115
Cavesnail, Tapered 21 1
Cavesnail, Tumbling Creek 1 14
cavicauda, Thermosphaeroma 97
cavicola, Pseudocandona 98
cavicola. Thaumatogryllus 108
cavifrons, AmblopUtes 83
cavifrons, Harpagochromis 184
CAVIIDAE 145
cavirostris, Ziphius 197
cawstoni. Tomicha 188
cazieri, Cicindela 248
cazorlensis, Potamonectes 249
CEBIDAE 14, 194,221,241
cebifrons, Sus 20
cebuensis, Copsychus 50
C<fii«.s 15,221,222
cecconii, Strongylognathus 102
Cecilia, Ophiogomphus 244
ceciliae, Cyprinodon 183
ceciliae, Phylloscartes 47
Cecilioides 124,215
cedista, Partula 190
celaeno, Nyctimene 9
Celaenomys 143
celaenops. Tardus 53
celebensis, Acerodon 136
celebensis, Crunomys 23
celebensis, Miratesta 187
celebensis, Nomoramphus 205
celebensis, Oryzias 80
celebensis, Rhinolophus 137
celebensis, Scolopax 150
celebensis, Scolophilus 194
celebensis, Strigocuscus 193
celebensis, Telmatherina 79
Ce/eno 254
Celestas 182, 199
celticus, Metatrichoniscoides 97
Centipede, Serpent Island 89
centralasicas, Caprimalgus 43
centralis, Cabassous 193
centralis, Cooperconcha 173
centralis, Craterocephalus 168
CENTRARCHIDAE 83, 169, 206, 247
CENTROPAGIDAE 91
Centropas 42, 152
Centropyge 84
cepasi, Conus 120
Cephalaeschna 106
Cephalakompsus 71
CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI 69, 167, 183,
201,246
cephaloides, Leuciscus 202
cephalophus cephalophas, Elaphodus
in
cephalophus ichangensis, Elaphodus
in
cephalophus michianus, Elaphodus 227
cephalophus, Elaphodus 197
Cephalophas 21, 130, 141, 228
Cephalopteras 46
Cephalorhynchus 18, 195
Ceractea 254
CERAMBYCIDAE 98, 185, 248
Cerambyx 98
CERAStuiDAE 189
Ceratella 250
ceratina. Helix 125
Ceratogymna 154
Ceratophallus 113
Ceratophora 59
Ceratotheriam 130, 225
Cercartetus 210
Cercocebus 140,222,245
Cercomacra 45, 155
Cercomela 158
CERCOPITHECIDAE 15, 129, 140, 194,
222, 245
Cercopithecus 15, 140, 194, 222
Cercyonis 253
cerdo, Cerambyx 98
Ceriagrion 208
Ceriferella 251
Cenon 123
CERIONIDAE 123
cemicum, Elasmias 124
cemicus, Bulinus 173
ceromatica, Pyreferra 253
certans, Nyctimene 136
Certhilauda 47, 157
cerverai, Cyanolimnas 36
cerverai, Ferminia 49
cervicalis, Pterodroma 30
cervicapra, Antilope 20
cervicomis, Macrodontia 98
CERVIDAE 20, 141, 178, 197, 226
cervinicauda, Myiagra 159
cerviniventris, Bathmocercus 50
cervinus, N atomy s 144
CervHi 20, 178, 197, 226, 227
Cesonia IQl
cestus, Achatinella 120
CETACEA 18, 129, 141, 195, 224, 242
CETORHINIDAE 69
Cetorhinas 69
Ccma 158
ceuthma, Mautodontha 123
Ceuthonectes 96
Cej;^ 44
chaberti, Trichomycterus 204
chaca, Kedestes 252
chacei, Procaris 96
Chachalaca, Rufous-headed 34
chacoensis, Acanthochelys 62
chacoensis, Anthus 157
chacoensis, Cabassous 193
CHAENOPSIDAE 87
Chaerephon 13, 139
Chaeropus 177
Chaetarthria 149
Chaetodipus 231
Chaetodon 84
CHAETODONTIDAE 84
Chaetomys 28
Chaetophractus 5
Chaetops 158
Chaetoptila 181
Chaetomis 50
Chafer, Cromwell 99
Chaffinch, Blue 132
Chalcalbumus 167,202
275
chalcoides, Chalcalbumus 202
chalconotus, Phalacrocorax 31
chalcurum. Polyplectron 149
chalcurus, Ptilinopus 39
Chalepoxenus 100
Chalicodoma 208
Chalinolobus 12, 137, 138, 194
chalmersi, Marginella 213
chalumnae, Latimeria 88
chalybea, Euphonia 162
chalybeus, Centropus 152
Chamaeleon, Natal Midland Dwarf 165
Chamaeleon, Setaro's Dwarf 59
Chamaeleon, Smith's Dwarf 59
Chamaeleon, Zululand Dwarf 164
CHAMAELEONIDAE 59, 164
Chamaepetes 149
Chamalychaeus 213, 239
chamberlini, Formicoxenus 100
chamissonis, Philodryas 200
Chamois. Apennine 230
Chamois, Balkan 242
Chamois, Caucasian 230
Chamois, Chartreuse 230
Chamois, Southern 131
Chamois, Tatra 230
Chamois, Turkish 230
championi, Pogonomys 26
chantrei, Aphanius 243
chaophraya, Himantura 70
chaostola leucophaea, Antipodia 252
chapensis, Typhlomys 21
chapini, Chaerephon 139
chapini, Helerohyrax 20
chapini, Kupeomis 159
chaptini, Lybius 154
chapmani, Dobsonia 177
chappuisi, Eudiaptomus 207
Char, Angayukaksurak 204
Char, Kirikuchi 77
CHARACIDAE 75, 203, 236
CHARACIFORMES 75, 203, 236
Characin, Naked 75
Characodon, Bold 80
Characodon, Parras 184
Characodon 80, 184
CHARADRIIDAE 37, 150, 180
CHARADRIIFORMES 37, 131, 150, 180
Charadrius 37, 150
Charalito 168
Charaxes 253
Charaxes, Silver Barred 253
Charaxes 253
chariessa, Apalis 49
Charina 246
charitonius peruvianas, Heliconius 253
Charitospiza 162
charhonii, Arborophila 34
ChartTwsyna 40, 152
charon, Advena 125
charonda, Sasakia ISli
CHAROPIDAE 123, 174, 189, 214, 245
Charpentieria 174
Chaser, Purple 107
Chasmistes 75, 183,246
Chat, Buff-streaked 160
Chat, Fuerleventura 160
Chat, Herero 159
Chat, Sombre 158
Chat, Yellow 158
Chat-lanager 54
Chat-tyrant, Piura 156
chathamensis, Haematopus 37
chattanoogaense, Pleurobema 1 1 1
chaugaensis, Cambarus 93
Chauna 147
chaunax, Vitrinula 189
Chaunoproclus 182
chavariu, Chauna 147
cheatumi, Tryonia 212
Cheetah 16
Cheetah, Asiatic 223
Cheetah, Northwest African 223
cheiligona, Leiostyla 127
Cheilinus 87
cheiranthicola, Discula 124
Cheirodon 203
CHEIROGALEIDAE 13, 139, 220
Cheiromeles 139
Chela 71
CHELIDAE 62, 165, 200, 243
che lifer, Strongylognathus 102
Chelodina 62, 165. 200
Chelonia 63, 234
CHELONIIDAE 62, 234
CHELYDRIDAE 63
chengi, Meriones 25
Cherax 95, 208
chermesina, Myzomela 54
cherriei, Orthogeomys 142
cherriei, Synallaxis 155
cherriei, Thripophaga 45
Chersodromia 250
Chetia 84
chevrolati, Oryctes 250
chevrolati, Sandracottus 249
Chevrotain, Balabac 226
cheynei, Omphalotropis 210
Chibchanomys 143
chichijimana, Gastrocopta 191
chichijimana, Hirasea 124
chichijimana, Mandarina 214
chichijimana, Ogasawarana 112
chichijimana, Vitrinula 189
chicquera, Falco 149
Chihuahua, Charalito 72
chikae, Papilio 105
Chilatherina 78, 204, 243
chilensis, Bufo 201
chilensis, Diplomystes 75
chilensis, Geochelone 65
chiloensis, Myotis 138
Chiloglanis 76, 243
Chilonopsis 191, 192
CHILOPODA 89
Chilostoma 174,215
chilotes complex, Paralabidochromis
85
chiltoni, Trichomycterus 204
chimaera, Omithoptera 171
chimaera, Uratelomis 44
Chimarrogale 6
Chimpanzee 16
Chimpanzee, Central 223
Chimpanzee, Eastern 223
Chimpanzee, Pygmy 16
Chimpanzee. Western 223
Chinchilla, Long-tailed 28
Chinchilla, Short-tailed 28
Chinchilla 28
CHINCHILLIDAE 28, 145
Chinemys 200
chinensis, Luehdorfia 208
chinensis, Sousa 196
c/jini, BeKa 88
Chinkara 130
Chioglossa 68
Chionomys 143
Chipmunk, Henry Mountains 231
Chipmunk, Hidden Forest 231
Chipmunk, Organ Mountains 231
Chipmunk, Palmer's 22
Chipmunk, Pefiasco Least 231
Chipmunk, Selkirk Least 231
chipolaensis, Elliptio 1 10
chiriquita, Palaemnema 108
CHIROCEPHALIDAE 91
Chirocephalus 91
Chiroderma 11
Chironectes 135
Chironius 61
Chiropodomys 23, 143
Chiropotes 222, 241
CHIROPTERA 8, 129, 136, 177, 193, 241
Chirostoma 78, 204
chirurgica, Grylloblatta 99
Chitala \61
chitra, Chitra 65
Chitra 65
chittenangoensis, Succinea 217
Chlamydogobius 87
Chlamydotis 242
Chlamyphorus 5
Chlidonias 38
Chloaeltis 108
Chloebia 57
Chloephaga 147
Chloridops 181
Chlorilis 239
chlorinda chlorinda, Pseudalmenus 252
chlorinda conara, Pseudalmenus 252
chloris, Anthus 48
chlorocephala smythi, Cicindela 248
Chlorochrysa 54
Chlorocichla 48
CHLOROCYPHIDAE 106
Chlorogomphus 106, 237, 238
chlorolepidota, Pipreola 156
Chlorolestes 108, 171
chloronothos, Zosterops 54
CHLOROPERLIDAE 187
Chloropeta 50
chloropharynx, Bena 88
Chloropipo 156
Chloropsis 48, 157
chloroptera, Aratinga 40
chlororhynchus, Centropus 42
Chlorospingus 54
Chlorostilbon 181
Chlorotalpa 5
choaspes tumanana, Tirumala 237
276
chocoensis, Platyrrhinus 1 1
chocoensis, Veniliomis 155
Chocolate, Father Schoenig's 104
choctawensis, Villosa 256
Choeroniscus 11, 137
Choeronycleris 137
choloensis, Alethe 49
Choloepus 193
CHONDRINIDAE 174, 245
Chondropoma 212
Chondrostoma 71, 167, 202, 243
Chortippus 108
chrislenseni, Sonorella 174
christenseni, Turgenitubulus 256
christi, Erebia 171
Christianoconcha 127
Christinus 59
christophi, Strongylognathus 102
Chromis 86
chromogynos, Paralabidochromis 85
Chrotogale 18
Chrotomys 23
chrotorrhinus carolinensis, Microtus
232
chrotorrhinus ravus, Microtus Til
CHRYSOCHLORIDAE 5, 241
Chrysochloris 5
Chrysococcyx 198
chrysogaster chrysogaster, Moschus
226
chrysogaster leucogaster, Moschus 226
chrysogaster, Moschus 141
chrysogaster, Neophema 41
chrysogaster, Oncorhynchus 77
chrysogaster, Tupaia 8
chrysoleuca, Callithrix 14
Chrysolophus 149
chrysomelas, Leontopithecus 14
CHRYSOMELIDAE 248
Chrysomma 50, 158
chrysoparia, Dendroica 55
chrysoproctus, Pteropus 136
chrysopterygius, Psephotus 41
chrysopygus, Leontopithecus 14
chrysopygus, Rhynchocyon 29
Chrysoritis 102, 170
chrysosireticus, Hoplodactylus 243
Chrysospalax 5
chrysostoma, Diomedea 146
chrysurus, Echimys 28
chthonia, Grallaria 46
chuana, Certhilauda 157
Chub, Alvord 72
Chub, Black Sea 202
Chub, Bonytail 72
Chub, Borax Lake 72
Chub, Flame 202
Chub, Gila 167
Chub, Humpback 72
Chub, Least 72
Chub, Oregon 73
Chub, Roundtail 246
Chub, Sandhills 203
Chub, Sicklefin 168
Chub, Slender 72
Chub, Sturgeon 72
Chub, Thicktail 183
Chub, Tui 246
Chub, Umpqua 168
Chub, Yaqui 72
Chuditch 3
chungarensis, Orestias 80
chungarensis, Trichomycterus 76
chungchowensis, Pleclranthias 83
Chunyi 197
chunyi, Mazama 197
chupaderae, Pyrgulopsis 211
churinceanus carranzae, Mexipvrgus
238
churinceanus churinceanus,
Mexipyrgus 238
churinceanus escobedae, Mexipyrgus
238
churinceanus lugoi, Mexipyrgus 238
churinceanus mojarralis, Mexipyrgus
238
churinceanus multilineatus, Mexipyrgus
238
churinceanus quadripaludium,
Mexithauma 256
CHYDORIDAE 90
C/jyrra 119
Cicada, Cassini Periodical 170
Cicada, Decim Periodical 170
Cicada, Decula Periodical 170
Cicada, Myers' 251
Cicadabird, Black-bibbed 48
Cicadabird, Kai 157
Cicadabird, Sula 242
Cicadabird, Sumba 157
CICADELLIDAE 251
CICADIDAE 170,251
cicatricosus, Plethobasus 1 1 1
Cifek 73
Cichlasoma 85, 236
Cichlherminia 158
CICHLIDAE 84, 132, 184, 236, 244, 247
Cichlopsis 158
Cicindela 98, 169, 248
CICINDELIDAE 98, 169, 248
Cicinnurus 164
Ciconia 31, 179
CICONIIDAE 31, 147, 179
CICONIIFORMES 31, 147, 179
cidi, Mycteroperca 83
Ciega, Anguila 82
Ciega, Nueva Dama 247
Ciega, Sardina 236
Ciego, Greater Pichi 5
Ciego, Juil 76
Ciego, Lesser Pichi 5
Cienegas, Bagre de Cuatro 247
Cienegas, Dardo de Cuatro 247
Cienegas, Guayacon de Cuatro 80
Cienegas, Mojarra Caracolera de Cuatro
85
Cienegas, Mojarra de Cuatro 247
Cienegas, Perrito de Cuatro 243
Cienegas, Platy Cuatfo 80
Cienegas, Robalo de Cuatro 247
Cienegas, Sardinilla Cuatro 80
ciliatus, Lanistes 173
cilicicus, Acomys 23
Cincinnatia 115
CINCLIDAE 49
Cinclidium 158
Cinclodes, Royal 45
Cinclodes, White-bellied45
Cinclodes 45
Cinclus 49
cincta, Notiomystis 54
cinctus, Sallator 163
cineracea, Ameiva 182
cineracea, Ducula 39
cineracea, Emberiza 162
cinerascens, Aplonis 57
cinerea, Alcippe 158
cinerea, Aonyx 140
cinerea, Callaeas 58
cinerea, Mycteria 31
cinerea, Neophoca 242
cinerea, Poospiza 163
cinerea, Zoothera 53
cinereiceps, Phapitreron 39
cinereiceps, Phyllastrephus 48
cinereicollis, Basileuterus 163
cinereifrons, Garrulax 50
cinereifrons, Heteromyias 159
cinereocapilla, Prinia 160
cinereum, Etheostoma 83
cinereus semotus, Lasiurus 245
cine reus, Eupetaurus 22
cinereus, Incerticyclus 188
cinereus, Lophuromys 197
cinereus, Phascolarctos 135
cinereus, Pseudochirulus 135
cinereus, Vanellus 150
Cinetodus 204
cingulatum, Ambystoma 68
cingulellum, Chilostoma 174
cinnaberinus, Cucujus 98
cinnamomea, Sporophila 163
cinnamomea, Terpsiphone 160
cinnamomeipectus, Hemitriccus 156
cinnamominus miyakoensis,
Todirhamphus 246
Cinnyricinclus 57
cinyras, Libythea 186
Cipangochalax 213
Cipangocharax 213
Circaetus 148
circumcarinata, Monadenia 121
circumstorrmta, Diplommatina 210
Circus 148
Ciridops 181
cimei cimei, Rhynchocyon 245
cimei hendersoni, Rhynchocyon 245
cimei, Rhynchocyon 29
CIROLANIDAE 97
Cisco 243
Cisco, Blackfm 183
Cisco, Deepwater 1 83
Cisco, Longjaw 183
Cisco, Shortjaw 77
Cisco, Shortnose 77
ciscoides, Pogonichthys 183
C(5ja 164
cisterciensorum, Bythiospeum 1 1 5
cistematum, Phreatobius 204
Cisticola, Churring 158
Cisticola, Socotra 50
Cisticola, Tana River 198
277
Cisticola 50, 158. 198
Cistothorus 49
cilellus, Spermophilus 22
cilrina, Partuta 190
Civet, Hose's Palm 18
Civet, Javan Small-toothed Palm224
Civet, Jerdon's Palm 18
Civet, Malagasy 18
Civet, Mentawai Palm 224
Civet, Owston's Palm 18
Civet, Sulawesi Palm 18
civettina, Viverra 18
CIXIIDAE 251
Clam, Bear Paw 133
Clam, China 133
Clam, Crocus 244
Clam, Giant 112
Clam, Scaly Clam or Fluted 133
Clam, Small Giant 133
Clam, Southern Giant 1 12
Clam, Tevoro 112
clamosus, Atrichomis 47
clanga, Aquila 33
clantoni, Stygobromus 89
clappi, Paravitrea 175
Clappia 115
clara, Echymipera 193
clara, Hirasiella 215
clara, Hypolestes 107
clara, Oliarces 254
clara, Partula 127
clarae, Arachnothera 161
Claravis 38
Clarias 76
CLARIIDAE 76
clarkei, Ammodorcas 20
clarkei, Volemys 145
clarki intermedius, Catostomus 246
clarki nantahala, Mesodon 239
clarki ssp., Oncorhynchus 247
clarki, Rhytida 127
clarkorum, Lacerta 60
clathrata, Quadrasiella 210
clathrata, Tryonia 1\1
clathratula, Lyropupa 216
claudinae, Trochoidea 175
Claudius 166
clausa, Elimia 1 17
clausiliaeformis, Sculptiferussacia 124
CLAUSILIIDAE 123, 174, 214, 239
clausus trossulus, Mesodon 239
clava, Pleurobema 1 1 1
Clavator 120
clavatus, Epigomphus 107
Clavicoccus 186
clavigera, Peripatopsis 187
cleberi, Oecomys 25
Clemencia, Espada de 205
clemenciae, Xiphophorus 205
clemensi, Puntius 73
Clementina, Sterkia 175
Clemmys 64
clenchi, Mesodon 175
Cleopatra 173
cleophile, Danaus 170
Cleptomis 53
Clethrionomys 143, 232
Clibanomis 155
Clidomys 179
clinias, Parantica 104
CLINIDAE 87
C/mu.? 87
clipeata, Leptoxis 1 1 8
clodius shepardii, Pamassius 253
clodius strohbeeni, Pamassius 253
Cloeotis 136
Clubshell 111
Clubshell, Blacklll
Clubshell, Ovate 112
Clubshell, Southern 172
Clubshell, Tennessee 1 12
Clubtail, Belle's Sand 107
Clubtail, Diminutive 171
Clubtail, Gulf 171
Clubtail, Hodges' 171
Clubtail, Twin-striped 171
Clubtail, Yellow-sided 107
CLUPEIDAE 71,202,236
CLUPEIFORMES 71, 202, 236
Clupeoides 202
Clupeonella 202, 236
clymene, Stenella 196
Clyomys 28
clypealis, Agabus 98
C/ytoceyjc 198
Clytoctantes 45, 198
Clytorhynchus 158
Cnemidophorus 61, 200
Coachwhip, San Joaquin 246
coahuila, Mexistenasellus 97
coahuila, Terrapene 64
coahuilae, Durangonella 1 1 6
Coahuilix 115
Coati, Cozumel Island 17
cobanensis, Myotis 12
cobbi. Troglodytes 49
COBITIDAE 74, 168, 203
cobitis, Rhinichthys 74
Cobitis 74, 168, 203
Cobra, Central Asian 200
coccineus, Loxops 56
Cocc>'m>'S 23
Coccyzus 42
cochlea, Carelia 189
Cochlicopa 245
COCHLICOPIDAE 123, 174. 214, 245
Cochliopa 115
Cochliopina 115,211
Cochoa, Green 158
Cochoa. Javan 50
Cochoa, Purple 158
Cochoa, Sumatran 50
Cochoa 50, 158
COCHYLIDAE 252
Cockatoo, Palm 152
Cockatoo, Philippine 40
Cockatoo, Pink 152
Cockatoo, Salmon-crested 40
Cockatoo, Tanimbar 152
Cockatoo, White 40
Cockatoo, Yellow-crested 40
cockbumi, Gyraulus 1 1 3
Cocoharpinia 90
coctei, Macroscincus 182
Cod, Atlantic 77
Cod, Clarence River 82
Cod, Mary River 236
Cod, Trout 82
codringtonia, Codringtonia 215
Codringtonia 174. 215
codringtonii, Codringtonia 174
Coelacanth 88
COELACANTHIFORMES 88
coelata, Helminthoglypta 125
coelestis, Bunomys 23
coelestis, Hypothymis 50
COELIAXIDAE 214
Coeliccia 238
Coeligena 43
Coelops 136. 194
coelus, Parides 208
Coelus 99
Coenagrion 106, 237
COENAGRIONIDAE 106, 171, 187,208,
237
coenensis, Petrogale 135
COENOBITIDAE 207
Coenocharopa 214
Coenocorypha 37, 150
Coenonympha |71
Coeranoscincus 165
coeruleoalba, Stenella 129
coerulescens, Coracina 157
cognata, Truncilla 255
cognatus, Amphidromus 173
cognatus, Rhinolophus 10
coibae, Dasyprocta 28
coibensis coibensis, Alouatta 221
coibensis trabeata, Alouatta 221
coibensis, Molossus 139
Coin, Tight 126
coindemerensis, Nactus 182
Colaptes 44
colax, Myrmica 101
co/ei, Pogonomyrmex 101
colensoi, Phalacrocorax 31
Coleophora 186
COLEOPHORIDAE 186
COLEOPTERA 98, 169, 185, 248
Coleura 10
Collared-dove, White-winged 151
collaria, Amazona 151
collaris, Accipiter 147
collei, Cyclura 59
COLLEMBOLA 250
collina, Pleurobema 1 1 1
collingii. Setobaudinia 244
collinsi, Spindasis 252
Collisella 187
colliveri, Cralopa 123
Collocalia 43. 153. 198
Colluricincla 158
colmani, Jardinella 1 16
Colobus, Black 15
Colobus, Bouvier's Red 222
Colobus, Elliot's Red 245
Colobus. Foa Red 222
Colobus, Kahuzi Red 223
Colobus, Lx)mami Red 223
Colobus, Maiko Red 223
Colobus, Miss Waldron's Bay223
278
Colobus. Neumann's Black-and-white
222
Colobus, Niger Delta Red 222
Colobus, Olive 140
Colobus, Oustalet's Red 245
Colobus, Pennant's Red 223
Colobus, Preuss's Red 223
Colobus, Prigogine's Black-and-white
222
Colobus, Red 140
Colobus, Rwenzori Black-and-white 222
Colobus, Semliki Red 223
Colobus, Tana River Red 223
Colobus, Tanzanian Black-and-white222
Colobus, Temminck's Red 223
Colobus, Thollon's Red 245
Colobus, Uganda Red 245
Colobus, Uhehe Red 223
Colobus, Western Black-and-white 140
Colobus, White-thighed Black-and-white
15
Colobus, Zanzibar Red 223
Colobus 15, 140,222
colocolo, Oncifelis 241
colombianus, Neocrex 150
colombianus, Otus 152
colonus, Rhinomyias 160
coionus, Rhyacophila 255
Colophon 99, 170
coloradensis, Acroloxus 1 1 2
coloria, Erythrura 57
Colparion 190
Coluber 61
COLUBRIDAE 61, 165, 182, 200, 234,
246
Columba 38, 132, 151, 180
Columbiana, Fluminicola 211
columbianus, Crypturellus 146
columbianus, Geocapromys 178
columbianus, Odontophorus 149
columbica, Cicindela 98
COLUMBIDAE 38, 132, 150, 180
COLUMBIFORMES 38, 132, 150, 180
Columbina 38
Colymbetes 248
comata, Presbytis 15
Combshell, Cumberlandian255
Combshell, Round 187
Combshell, Southern 255
Combshell, Upland 255
Combtaii 132
comes, Ogasawarana 209
Comet, Bronze-tailed 153
Comet, Grey-bellied 44
cometes, Procambarus 94
comizo, Barbus 71
commersoni, 'Scops' 181
commersonii, Cephalorhynchus 195
commixtus, Caseolus 256
comorana, Amauris 104
comorensis, Rhachis 189
compacta, Cochliopina 211
compacta, Leptoxis 1 1 8
compacta, Parlula 190
compacta, Victaphanta 127
compactus, Radiodiscus 123
compar, Ephemera 250
compassbergae, Thestor 103
complanata alabamensis, Lasmigona
238
complanata, Pseudanodonta 172
complanata, Pupirm 1\1
compressa, Bythinella 1 1 5
compressa, Leguminaia 255
compressa, Siphonaria 1 1 3
compunctus, Hydrotarsus 98
comyntas texanus, Everes 252
Conacmella 210
concavospira, Achalinella 120
conchorum, Menidia 168
conchas, Catostomus 75
Conchos, Dardo de 83
Conchos, Matalote 75
CONCHOSTRACA 92
conchramis, Desmopachria 248
concinna concinna, Petrogale 220
concinna monastria, Petrogale 220
concinna, Aegialia 99
concinna, Leiostyla 127
concinna, Petrogale 135
concinna, Pitloconcha 125
concolor coryi. Puma 224
concolor cougar. Puma 224
concolor, Artibeus 137
concolor, Hylobates 16
concolor, Lentipes 206
concolor, Neospiza 56
concolor, Salanoia 17
concolor, Scomberomorus 88
concolor, Simias 15
concolor, Xenospingus 55
concretus, Caprimulgus 153
condita, Tijuca 46
conditor, Leporillus 24
Condor, California 32
Conebill, Giant 162
Conebill, Pearly-breasted 163
Conebill, Tamarugo 55
Conepatus 224
configurata, Euploea 244
confirmata, Paradoxa 213
confluentus, Salvelinus 77
confusa, Helicoverpa 186
confusa, Partulina 121
congaraea, Elliptio 172
congensis, Afropavo 34
congestum, Moxostoma 203
congica, Aonyx 140
congicus, Mops 139
congobelgica, Crocidura 6
Congosorex 6
Congothemis 208
conica, Fonscochlea 1 1 6
conica, Paludinella 211
conica, Phrantela 116
conica, Pyrgulopsis 211
conica, Samoana 127
CONIDAE 120,213
conilis, Plagigeyeria 116
Conilurus 178
Conioptilon 156
Conirostrum 55, 163
connasaugaensis, Strophitus \11
connieae, Pseudomugil 243
Connochaetes 130,228
connollyana, Hypolysia 217
connollyi, Cecilioides 124
connus, Procambarus 94
Conocephaloides 109
conoides, Trochomorpha 217
Conolophus 59
Conomyrma 100
Conopophaga 155
CONOPOPHAGIDAE 155
conopsis, Helicopsis 174
conorhynchus, Tetranesodon 204
Conothraupis 54, 162
conoveri. Leptotila 39
Conozoa 187
conradi, Stygobromus 89
conradicus, Medionidus 172
conradti reductidentata, Gulella 239
conradti, Halolimnohelix 215
conradti, Pseudoglessula 217
Conraua 67
consanguis, Gomphurus 107
conservatio, Branchinecta 91
consetti. Simulator 173
consimilis, Mautodontha 189
consimilis, Oliarus 251
consobrina, Mautodontha 189
consobrinorum, Zosterops 161
consorj, Caseolus 256
conspicillatus conspicillatus,
Lagorchestes 219
conspicillatus leichardti, Lagorchestes
220
conspicillatus, Basileuterus 163
conspicillatus, Lagorchestes 135
conspicillatus, Paradoxomis 160
constanciae, Cynolebias 79
constantiae, Micoureus 135
constanzae, Liolaemus 199
constricta, Aaadonta 214
constricta, Bellamya 119
coruitrictus, Somatogyrus 212
coml rictus, Trissexodon 245
contigua, Trochomorpha 217
continuatalis, Hedylepta 185
Contopus 156
contorta, Ochrotrichia 254
contort us, Letomola 214
contracta, Bellamya 1 1 9
contracta, Parartemia 91
contractus, Brotomys 178
Conuropsis 180
Conui 120,213
cookei, Omphalotropis 210
cookei, Orangia 123
cookei, Thaanumella 210
cookeorum, Pseudopsectra 254
cooki, Eleutherodactylus 67
cookii, Cyanoramphus 40
cookii, Pterodroma 30
Cooperconcha 173
cooperi paludis, Synaptomys 233
cooperi relictus, Synaptomys 233
cooperi, Orconectes 94
cooperi, Paraxerus 11
cooperi, Stygobromus 89
cooperianus, Plethobasus 111
coosaensis, Somatogyrus 212
279
coosawaltae, Cambarus 93
Coot, Hawaiian 36
Coot, Horned 36
Coot, Mascarene 1 80
Cooter, Rio Grande 166
Cophura 250
Copper, Bathurst 103
Copper, Blue Jewel 252
Copper, Clayton's 252
Copper, Dickson's 103
Copper, Drakensburg 170
Copper, Hermes 103
Copper, Large 170
Copper, Lion's Head 252
Copper, Tsomo River 103
Copper, Wallengren's 104
Copperhead, Pygmy 61
coppingers, Radiodiscus 214
Copris 250
coprotheres. Gyps 33
Copsychus 50
coquereli, Mirza 13
Coquette, Short-crested 43
Coquette, Spangled 153
cor, Cardioderma 136
cor, Fusconaia 1 1 1
CORACIIDAE 44, 154
CORACIIFORMES 44, 153, 198, 246
Coracina 48, 157, 242
corais couperi, Drymarchon 246
coralensis, Plilinopus 151
Coralliozetus 87
corayi, Lacconectus 248
cordacea comptena, Heteronympha 253
cordatum, Pleurobema 172
Cordelia, Euploea 104
Cordulegaster 106
CORDULEGASTERIDAE 106, 237
CORDULIIDAE 106, 171,238
CORDYLIDAE 59, 165
Cordylus 59, 165
coreena, Jardinella 116
Coregonus 77, 183, 204, 243, 247
Corella, Western 152
Coreobagrus 16
coriacea, Dermochelys 63
coriacea, Moapa 73
corinnae, Pseudochirops 5
Cormorant, Bank 147
Cormorant, Crowned 147
Cormorant, Galapagos 31
Cormorant, Pallas's 179
Cormorant, Pygmy 147
Cormorant, Red-legged 147
Cormorant, Socotra 147
Corncrake 36
cornea, Amastra 1 88
corneocostata, Leiostyla 127
comeovirens, Meridolum 122
Cornigomphus 107
cornuta cornuta, Cyclura 234
cornuta stejnejeri, Cyclura 234
cornuta, Cyclura 60
cornuta, Fulica 36
comutus, Eunymphicus 40
comutus, Rhinolophus 137
comutus, Trimeresurus 200
corona, Melanotaenia 204
coronata, Daphnia 90
coronatum blainvillei, Phrynosoma 246
coronatus, Anthracoceros 154
coronatus, Eulemur 13
coronatus, Harpyhaliaetus 33
coronatus. Hippocampus 81
coronatus, Hipposideros 136
coronatus, Malurus 159
coronatus, Phalacrocorax 147
corozalus, Puertoricomys 178
corpulenta, Pleurocera 1 1 8
corroboree, Pseudophryne 67
corrugata, Jardinella 116
corrugatus, Aceros 44
corsac, Vulpes 195
Corsica, Cyrnotheba 245
Corsica, Epimyrma 100
Corsica, Moilessieria 1 16
CORVIDAE 58, 164
corvina, Aplonis 1 82
corvina, Megalaima 154
corvina, Terpsiphone 53
Corvus 58, 164
corynophyllus, Hipposideros 10
Coryphaspiza 54
Coryphomys 178
cosensis, Gerbillus 24
cosmetus, Palikirus 214
Cossypha 50
costaricensis, Touit 152
costata, Craspedoma 244
costata, Namibocypris 185
costatus. Xylotoles 185
costipennis, Deronectes 248
costulata, Bellamya 119
costus, Turgenitubulus 122
cotiellae, Pyrenaeania 174
Cotinga, Banded 46
Cotinga, Black-and-gold 156
Cotinga, Black-faced 156
Cotinga, Black-tipped 156
Cotinga, Chestnut-bellied 46
Cotinga, Grey-winged 46
Cotinga, Purple-throated 156
Cotinga, Shrike-like 46, 246
Cotinga, Swallow-tailed 156
Cotinga, Turquoise 46
Cotinga, White-cheeked 47
Cotinga, White-winged 46
Cotinga, Yellow-billed 46
Cotinga 46
COTINGIDAE 46, 156, 246
cotrelli, Chrysoritis 102
COTTIDAE 82, 184, 206, 244
Cottontail, Dice's 29
Cottontail, Mexican 146
Cottontail, New England 29
Cottus 82, 184,206
Cotumicops 36, 198
Cotumix 180
Coua, Snail-eating 181
Coua, Verreaux's 152
Coua 152, 181
Coucal, Biak 152
Coucal, Black-hooded 42
Coucal, Brown 152
280
Coucal, Green-billed 42
Coucal, Kai 152
Coucal, Rufous 152
Coucal, Short-toed 152
Coucal, Sunda 42
couchiana, Quadrula 112
couchianus, Xiphophorus 80
courseni, Synallaxis 45
Courser, Jerdon's 37
Cow, Steller's Sea 178
cowani, Charaxes 253
coxeni, Pupina 256
coxi, Hipposideros 10
Coxiella 256
coxingi, Niviventer 144
Crab, Californian Bay Pea 96
Crab, Coconut 207
Crab, Horseshoe 171,209
Crab, Tree Hole 95
cracens, Marmosops 3
CRACIDAE 34, 149, 180
CRACTICIDAE 199
Cracticus 199
cragini, Etheostoma 169
Crake, Andaman 37
Crake, Ascension Flightless 180
Crake, Band-bellied 150
Crake, Colombian 150
Crake, Dot-winged 36
Crake, Hawaiian 180
Crake, Henderson 36
Crake, Kosrae 180
Crake, Laysan 180
Crake, Ocellated 149
Crake, Rufous-faced 36
Crake, Rusty-flanked 36
Crake, Speckled 198
Cralopa 123,214
crameri albomaculata, Euploea 237
crameri, Oregonichthys 73
Crane, Black-necked 36
Crane, Blue 36
Crane, Hooded 131
Crane, Red-crowned 36
Crane, Sarus 149
Crane, Siberian 36
Crane, Wattled 36
Crane, White-naped 36
Crane, Whooping 36
CRANGONYCTIDAE 89, 185
Crangonyx 89
Cranioleuca 155
CRASEONYCTERIDAE 10
Craseonycteris 10
Craspedoma 133, 244
crassa, Aplonis 164
crassa, Leptoxis 1 1 8
crassa, Partulina 188
crassalus, Ochthebius 249
crassicauda omnivora, Bdeogale 224
crassicauda, Gila 183
crassicauda, Salpingotus 23
crassicaudata, Manis 142
crassidens, Pseudorca 242
crassilabris, Diplommatina 210
crassilabris, Paralabidochromis 85
crassilabris, Partula 190
crassilabris, Somatogyrus 212
I
I
crassilabrum, Amastra 188
crassirosths, Oriolus 57
crassirostris. Oryzoborus 162
crassispinis, Hystrix 145
Crassispira 213
crassula, Auriculella 213
crassus, Euastacus 96
crassus, Phoxinellus 203
crassus, Somatogyrus 212
crassus, Unio 172
Craterocephalus 78, 168, 204, 243
Craterodiscus 173
Crateromys Ti
craveri, Synthliboramphus 150
crawfordi, Torresitrachia 244
crawshayi, Bellamya 1 19
CroA: 34
Cray, Glenelg River 96
Cray, Murray River 96
Crayfish, Alachua Light-fleeing Cave237
Crayfish, Apalachicola Cave 93
Crayfish, Bearded Red 95
Crayfish, Big Blue Spring Cave 95
Crayfish, Big South Fork 93
Crayfish, Big-cheeked Cave 94
Crayfish, Black Creek 95
Crayfish, Bluegrass 93
Crayfish, Brazoria 94
Crayfish, Chickamanga 93
Crayfish, Choctaw Riverlet94
Crayfish, Coastal Lowland Cave 95
Crayfish, Conchas 94
Crayfish, Corrollton 94
Crayfish, Crittenden 94
Crayfish, Cypress 93
Crayfish, Furneaux Burrowing 95
Crayfish, Greenshorn Burrowing93
Crayfish, Hatchie Burrowing 94
Crayfish, Hell Creek 94
Crayfish, Jackson Prarie 94
Crayfish, Kiamichi 94
Crayfish, Lagniappe 95
Crayfish, Least 93
Crayfish, Lilly Pilly Burrowing95
Crayfish, Little Tennessee 93
Crayfish, Louisville 94
Crayfish, Madagascar Freshwater208
Crayfish, Mallacoota Burrowing95
Crayfish, Miami Cave 95
Crayfish, Mississippi Flatwoods94
Crayfish, Mount Arthur Burrowing96
Crayfish, Narracan Burrowing 96
Crayfish, Nashville 94
Crayfish, Noble 93
Crayfish, Obey 93
Crayfish, Oklahoma Cave 93
Crayfish, Oktibbeha Riverlet94
Crayfish, Orlando Cave 94
Crayfish, Panama City 95
Crayfish, Phantom Cave 95
Crayfish, Putnam County Cave 95
Crayfish, Red-black 93
Crayfish, Santa Fe Cave 95
Crayfish, Scottsdale Burrowing 96
Crayfish, Shasta 93
Crayfish, Silver Glen Springs Cave94
Crayfish, Speckled Burrowing 94
Crayfish, Spiny-tail 95
Crayfish, Stone 93
Crayfish, Strzelecki Burrowing96
Crayfish, Tennessee Cave 94
Crayfish, Tombigbee Riverlet94
Crayfish, Valley Flame 93
Crayfish, Warragul Burrowing 96
Crayfish, White-clawed 93
Crayfish, Withlocoochee Light-fleeing
Cave 237
Crayfish, Woodville Cave 95
creaghi, Rhinolophus 137
creagra, Macropsalis 153
crease ri, Kinostemon 166
creatopus, Puffinus 30
Creekshell, Kentucky 256
Creeper, Hawaii 56
Creeper, Molokai 181
creighloni. Crematogasler 100
Crematogaster 100
Cremnomys 23
crenata, Crocidura 241
crenatella, Elimia 1 1 7
Crenichthys 79
creon, Theskelomensor 125
crepidus, Epigomphus 107
Crescent-chest, Maranon 155
crescenta, Aegialia 99
Crested-tern, Chinese 38
creticu, Macrothele 207
crex, Crex 36
Crex 36
cribrellum, Syrichtus 252
Cricetulus 143
Cricket. Arizona Giant Sand TreaderlOS
Cricket, Bay Area Ground 133
Cricket, Black-headed Jerusalem 133
Cricket, Coachelia Giant Sand Treader
108
Cricket, Coachelia Valley Jerusaleml09
Cricket, Howarth's Cave 108
Cricket, Kauai Thin-footed Bush 108
Cricket, Kaumana Cave 108
Cricket, Kelso Giant Sand Treader 108
Cricket, Kelso Jerusalem 108
Cricket, Keys Scaly 108
Cricket, Laricis Tree 108
Cricket, Navajo Jerusalem 109
Cricket, Oahu Deceptor Bush 187
Cricket, Port Conception Jerusalem 108
Cricket, ftairie Mole 209
Cricket, Predatory Bush 109
Cricket, Samwell Cave 254
Cricket, Schauinsland's Bush 108
Cricket, Tanner's Black Camel 108
Cricket, Volcanoes Cave 108
Crimson-wing, Shelley's 57
crinifrons, Muntiacus 20
criniger, Callicolumba 39
criniger, Setomis 157
Criniger 48
crinigera, Agrotis 1 86
crispus, Capricomis 130
crispus, Pelecanus 30
crissalis, Vermivora 163
cristata, Calyptura 46
cristata, Dasyprocta 197
cristata, Genetta 18
cristata, Goura 39
cristata. Gubematrix 55
cristata, Hystrix 145
cristata, Imnadia 92
cristata, Lophotibis 147
cristata. Neritina 209
cristata, Tadoma 32
cristatus , Proteles 224
cristatus, Amblyrhynchus 59
cristatus, Hobbseus 94
cristatus, Trachypithecus 140
cristatus, Triturus 132
cristicauda, Dasycercus 3
Cri.'!tigibba 214
Cristilabrum 121. 122, 173
croatica, Knipowitschia 87
croalicus, Chirocephalus 91
croaticus, Paraphoxinus 73
crocatus, Neurergus 201
crocea, Epthianura 158
crocea, Tridacna 244
Crocias, Grey-crowned 50
Crocias, Spotted 158
Crocias 50, 158
Crocidura 241
Crocidura 6, 7, 136. 193. 241
crockeri, Laticauda 62
Crocodile, African Slender-snouted 199
Crocodile, American 58
Crocodile, Cuban 58
Crocodile, Estuarine 242
Crocodile, Morelet's 199
Crocodile, Orinoco 58
Crocodile, Philippines 58
Crocodile. Siamese 58
Crocodile. West African Dwarf 58
CROCOD'^LIA 58. 199. 242
CROCODYLIDAE 58. 199.242
Crocodylus 58. 199. 242
crocuta, Crocuta 129
Crocuta 129
croesus, Omithoptera 105
Croilia 169
Crombec. Short-billed 160
crosnieri, Astacoides 95
Crossarchus 224
Crossbill, Scottish 199
Crossidius 248
crossleyi, Atelomis 44
crossleyi, Zoothera 161
Crossleyia 50
crossoptilon, Crossoptilon 34
Crossoptilon 34, 149
Crotalus 62, 246
Crow, Andaman 104
Crow, Banggai 58
Crow, Biak Dark 104
Crow, Biak Threespot 104
Crow, Bismark 244
Crow, Bougainville 164
Crow, Brown-headed 164
Crow, Cordelia's 104
Crow. Flores 58
Crow. Hawaiian 58
Crow. Javan 170
Crow. Mariana 58
Crow. Mascarene 104
Crow. Murphy's 104
281
Crow, Nicobar 104
Crow, Outcast 237
Crow, Pagenstecher's 244
Crow, Palm 164
Crow, Schaus' 170
Crow, Seram 244
Crow, Seychelles 104
Crow, Spartan 104
Crow, Sulawesi Pied 244
Crow, Sulawesi Striped Blue 244
Crow, Sumatran 171
Crow, Swainson's 171
Crow, Tobler's 171
Crow, Weymer's 244
Crow, White-billed 164
Crow, White-necked 58
crowleyi, Parantica 244
Crowned-pigeon, Southern 39
Crowned-pigeon. Victoria 39
Crowned-pigeon, Western 39
cruciger, Lagenorhynchus 242
crudigularis, Arborophila 149
cruentata, Pyrrhura 41
crumeniferus, Hipposideros 194
crumpi, Diomys 143
Crunomys 23
CRUSTACEA 89, 132, 169, 185, 207,
237, 244, 247
cryophilus, Megadontomys 144
Crypsirina 58
crypta, Ficedula 50
Cryplazeca 123, 174
crypticus, Rhantus 249
CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE 68, 201
Cryptochia 255
Cryplochloris 5
cryplodytes, Cambarus 93
Cryptomastix 127
Cryptomys 145
Cryptophaps 151
Cryptoprocta 18
Cryptosaccus 174
Cryptospiza 57
Cryptotis 1
Crypturellus 29, 146
Crysocyon 140
crystalis, Pyrgulopsis 211
Crystallaria 83
crystallinus, Bulinus 173
CTENIZIDAE 207
CTENODACTYLIDAE 27
Ctenoglypta 190
CTENOMYIDAE 145
Ctenomys 145
Ctenophila 124,245
Ctenophorus 59
ctenopus, Tropodiaptomus 185
Ctenotus, Hamelin 60
Ctenotus 60
Cualac 79
cubana, Anetia 170
cubanus, Solenodon 5
cubensis, Barbouria 95
cubensis, Tyrannus 47
Cuckoo, Cocos 42
Cuckoo, Moluccan 198
Cuckoo, Rufous-breasted 42
Cuckoo-dove, Andaman 151
Cuckoo-dove, Black 39
Cuckoo-shrike, Blackish 157
Cuckoo-shrike, Buru 48
Cuckoo-shrike, Grauer's 157
Cuckoo-shrike, Mauritius 48
Cuckoo-shrike, McGregor's48
Cuckoo-shrike, Pied 157
Cuckoo-shrike, Reunion 48
Cuckoo-shrike, Western Wattled48
Cuckoo-shrike, White-winged48
Cuckooshrike, Slaty 242
CUCUJIDAE 98
Cucujus 98
CUCULIDAE 42, 152, 181, 198
CUCULIFORMES 42, 152, 181, 198
cucullata, Andigena 154
cucullata, Carduelis 56
cucullata, Crypsirina 58
cucullata, Gibberula 213
cucullata, Grallaricula 46
cucullatus, Carpornis 156
cucullatus, Raphus 180
Cui-ui 75
cujus, Chasmistes 75
CuUcivora 156
cultratus, Pelecus 202
cultriventris, Clupeonella 202
culturatus, Niviventer 144
culveri, Antrobia 114
culvert, Lirceus 97
cumberlandensis, Phoxinus Ti
cumingi, Newcombia 120
cumingi, Phloeomys 26
cumingiana, Carelia 189
cumingianus, Ancylastrum 1 1 3
cumingil, Megapodius 149
cumingii, Puntius 132
cummingi, Palaemonetes 95
cumulus, Oreokera 214
cuneata, Partula 191
cuneolus, Fusconaia 1 1 1
cunicularius, Sylvilagus 146
cuniculinsulae, Placostylus 190
cuniculus, Orthogeomys 22
Cuon 16
Cuora 64, 165,200
Cupedora 122, 173
cuppedius, Steatomys 145
cupreocauda, Lamprotomis 164
cupreus omatus, Callicebus 221
cuprosa, Kerivoula 138
cuprosus, Pipistrellus 13
Curaeus 56
curasoae, Leptonycteris 1 1
Curassow, Alagoas 180
Curassow, Blue-billed 34
Curassow, Northern Helmeted34
Curassow, Red-billed 34
Curassow, Southern Helmeted 34
Curassow, Wattled 34
CURCULIONIDAE 98, 185, 248
curls, Liolaemus 199
Curlew, Bristle-thighed 37
Curlew, Eskimo 37
Curlew, Far Eastern 1 50
Curlew, Slender-billed 38
Currassanthura 96
currierlanus, Somatogyrus 212
cursor, Llophis 61
curta. Achatlnella 120
curta, Echiopsis 62
curta, Leptobotia 203
curta, Lithasia 1 1 8
curta, Pleurocera 118
curtipes, Ectemnius 251
Curtis a, Oxygastra 106
curtisoma, Encheloclarias 76
curtissima, Euonyma 128
curtum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
curtus, Hipposideros 136
curvlpes, Hygrotus 248
curvisuturus, Engaeus 95
curytibana, Hirinaba 128
Cuscus, Admiralty 241
Cuscus, Black-spotted 4
Cuscus, Gebe 193
Cuscus, Ground 193
Cuscus, Obi 4
Cuscus, Small 193
Cuscus. Southern Common 219
Cuscus, Stein's 4
Cuscus, Telefomin 4
Cuscus, Waigeo 193
Cuscus, Woodlark Island 241
Cusimanse, Angolan 224
Cusk-eel, New Providence 77
cuspldata, Gulella 216
cuvieri, Gazella 21
cuvleri, Orestias 205
cyanea, Paratherlna 78
cyaneovlrldls, Tachyclneta 157
cyanescens, Terpslphone 160
cyanocephala, Starnoenas 39
Cyanocorax 164
cyanogenia, Eos 40
Cyanolimnas 36
Cyanolyca 58, 164
cyanomichla, Margaronia 253
cyanopecta, Alcedo 153
cyanophrys, Eupherusa 43
Cyanophrys 102
cyanopls, Columblna 38
Cyanopsitta 40
cyanoptera, Thraupls 163
cyanopterus, Lutjanus 84
Cyanoramphus 40, 152, 180. 181
cyanurus, Pslttlnus 152
Cyathopoma 210
cychlura cychlura, Cyclura 234
cychlura figginsi, Cyclura Ti/i
cychlura inomata, Cyclura 234
cychlura, Cyclura 60
Cyclanorbls 166
Cycleptus 168
Cyclocephala 250
Cyclocosmia IQl
Cycloderma 166
Cyclodina 60, 243
cyclolepis, Barbus IQil
Cyclonaias 172
CYCLOPHORIDAE 114, 133, 187,210,
238, 244
Cyclophorus 187
282
CYCLOPIDAE 92, 132, 185
cyclopis, Macaca 15
CYCLOPOIDA 92, 132, 185
Cycloptilum 108
cycloslomaformis, Lioplax 120
Cyctosurus 187
cyclotis, Nyctimene 136
Cyclura 59, 60, 234
Cyclyrius 252
cygnoides, Anser 32
Cygnui 147, 179
Cylichnidia 124
Cylindraspis 182
cylindrella, Gonospira 128
cylindrellus, Carunculina 255
cylindrellus, Toxolasma 1 1 2
cylindrica cylindrica, Quadrula 238
cylindrica strigillata, Quadrula 255
cylindrica, Amastra 121
cylindrica, Bythinella 1 1 5
cylindricauda, Sorex 1
cylindricomis, Capra 21
cylindricus, Ceratogymna 154
Cylindroverlilla 245
Cylindrus 174
Cylloepus 249
cymatilis, Cambarus 93
Cymatium 173
cymatotaenia, Percina 84
Cymbiodyla 249
Cymothoe 253
CYNOCEPHALIDAE 8
cynocephalus, Thylacinus 177
Cynocephalus 8
Cynogale 18
Cynolebias 79
Cynomji 22, 131,230
Cynopterus 136
Cyorm.r 50. 158
cypha, Gila 72
cyphotergous, Gibbibarbus 72
cyphyus, Plethobasus 172
CYPRI NODONTIFORMES 243, 247
CYPRIDIDAE 97, 185
CYPRIDINIDAE 97
cypriensis. Coluber 61
Cyprinella 71, 72, 167, 246
CYPRINIDAE 71, 132, 167, 183,202,
236, 243, 246
CYPRINIFORMES 71, 132, 167, 183,
202, 236, 243, 246
Cyprinodon 79, 80, 183, 243, 247
CYPRINODONTIDAE 79, 168, 183. 205,
243, 247
CYPRINODONTIFORMES 79, 168,
183,205,236
Cyprinus 72, 183,202,236
Cyprogenia 110
Cypseloides 43, 153, 198
Cypsnagra 162
Cymotheba 245
cyrtandrae, Nesosydne 251
cyrtandricola, Nesosydne 251
Cyrtonyx 149
Cyrtopeltis 251
Cysticus 213
cytherea, Partula 191
Cyfora 212
Cyttarops 136
daanidentata, Pyrenaearia 126
Dabchick. New Zealand 29
dabrerai, Parantica 104
dabryanus, Acipenser 70
Dace, Desert 72
Dace, Las Vegas 183
Dace, Longnose 246
Dace, Mexican 183
Dace, Moapa 73
Dace, Mountain Blackside73
Dace, Relict 74
Dace, Speckled 246
Dace, Tennessee 168
dachilleae, Nannopsittaca 152
Dacnis, Black-legged 54
Dacnis, Scarlet-breasted 54
Dacnis, Tit-like 163
Dacnis, Turquoise 55
Dacnis, Viridian 162
Dacnis, White-bellied 162
Dacnis 54, 162
dacotae, Hesperia 102
dacotiae, Saxicola 160
dactyliophorus, Doryrhamphus 205
Dactylopsila 5
daedalus, Nyctophilus 139
daemcn, Tachyoryctes 145
daguerrei, Oxyepoecus 101
daguerrei, Solenopsis 101
dahli, Meriones 25
t/a/i/i. Phrynops 62
Daihinibaeneles 108
Dalalias 69
dalhousiensis, Craterocephalus 78
Dfl/Za 203
Ja///, Phocoenoides 129
daltoni, Gerbiilus 24
dalmaticus, Strongylognathus 102
dama mesopolamica, Dama 227
dama, Gazella 21
Dama 227
Damaliscus 21. 130,228
Damba 85
dam/, Paretroplus 85
damii, Xenopirostris 49
damrrmh. Oryx 21
Damochlora 122
damoni, Paramelania 119
Damselfly, Adytum 106
Damselfly. Barrens Bluet 106
Damselfly, Black-lined 106
Damselfly, Prey's 237
Damselfly, Jugorum Megalagrionl87
Damselfly, Leptodemas 106
Damselfly, Nigrohamatum 171
Damselfly, Oahu 106
Damselfly, Oceanic 106
Damselfly, Orange-black 106
Damselfly, Pacific 106
Damselfly, Pele 237
Damselfly, San Francisco Forktail 106
Damselfly, Southern 106
Danaus 170,237
Dancea 124
danfordi, Eudontomyion 167
iian(, Hyphydrus 248
danielae, Fallicambarus 94
Danio, Barred 72
Damo 72, 202
danjoui, Jabouilleia 5 1
dannatti, Parantica 104
danubialis, Lobaunia 116
daphne, Poecilmitis 103
Daphnia 90,91
DAPHNIIDAE 90
DARCYTHOMPSONIIDAE 96
darevskii, Vipera 62
dariensis, Elliptio 172
darlingloni, Riekoperla 109
Darter. Amber 84
Darter, Arkansas 169
Darter, Ashy 83
Darter, Bayou 169
Darter, Bluestripe 84
Darter, Boulder 83
Darter, Coldwater 83
Darter, Coppercheek 83
Darter, Crystal 83
Darter, Eastern Sand 83
Darter, Finescale Saddled 169
Darter, Fountain 83
Darter, Freckled 84
Darter, Goldline 84
Darter, Kanawha 169
Darter, Leopard 84
Darter, Longhead 169
Darter, Longnose 169
Darter, Maryland 184
Darter, Mexican 83
Darter, Niangua 83
Darter, Okaloosa 83
Darter, Oriental 147
Darter, Paleback 83
Darter, Pinewoods 206
Darter, Redband 169
Darter, Rio Grande 83
Darter, Sharphead 169
Darter, Slackwater 83
Darter, Snail 84
Darter, Spotted 169
Darter, Stargazing 169
Darter, Striated 83
Darter, Trispot 83
Darter, Tuscumbia 83
Darter, Watercress 83
Darter, Yellowcheek 83
darwini, Bulimulus 126
darwini, Nesoryzomys 178
darwinii, Rhinoderma 201
daryi, Adelphicos 61
Daska 168
DASYATIDAE 70
Dasycercus 3
dasycneme, Myotis 12
dasymallus, Pteropus 9
Dasymys 23, 143
Dasyomis 50
DASYPODIDAE 5, 136, 193
Dasyprocta 28, 145, 197
DASYPROCTIDAE 28, 145, 197
Dasypus 5, 193
Dasyure, Broad-striped 193
Dasyure, Red-bellied 193
283
DASYURIDAE 3, 135, 193, 219
DASYUROMORPHIA 3, 135, 177, 193,
219
Dasyurus 3, 135, 219
Daubentonia 14
daubentonii, Myoplerus 194
DAUBENTONl'iDAE 14
dauricus, Huso 70
davidi, Arborophila 34
davidi, Echymipera 193
davidi, Niltava 159
davidi, Parantica 104
davidi, Strix 42
davidianus, Andrias 20 1
davidianw:, Elaphurus 20
davidianus, Paradoxornis 51
daviesi, Micronycleris 137
davisi, Farula 255
davisi, Pyrgulopsis 211
davisoni, Pseudibis 31
dayi, Hypseleotris 169
(ia>'(, Nyctimystes 65
daj'i, Suncus 8
deaconi, Rhinichthys 183
deanae, Orconectes 94
dearolfi, Crangonyx 89
deburghiae, Tropidophora 1 1 8
decanipi, Campeloma 120
DECAPODA 93, 185, 207, 237
decastigma, Platynectes 249
decemlineata, Mungotictis 17
deceptor, Leptogryllus 187
decia, Hydroptila 254
decipiens, Achalinella 120
decipiens, Somatogyrus 212
decisum, Pleurobema 172
deckenii, Rhinolophus 194
deckerti, Tilapia 86
declivis, Vallonia 175
decora, Achalinella 1 88
decora, Paradisaea 58
decorata, Lasmigona 1 1 1
decorata, Trachemys 64
decorticata, Sinployea 1 89
decorus, Hydaticus 248
decticostoma, Prognathochromis 184
dedeckkeri, Canthocamptus 96
dedecora, Ptychalaea 127
Deer, Alpine Musk 226
Deer, Atlas 226
Deer, Bactrian 226
Deer, Black Musk 141
Deer, Burmese Brow-antlered 226
Deer, Calamian 20
Deer, Cedros Island Mule 227
Deer, Chinese Water 141
Deer, Columbian White-tailed 227
Deer, Corsican Red 226
Deer, Eld's 20
Deer, Forest Musk 141
Deer, Himalayan Musk 226
Deer, Ichang Tufted 227
Deer, Indo-Chinese Hog 226
Deer, Key 227
Deer, Kuhl's 20
Deer, Little Red Brocket 141
Deer, Manipur Brow-antlered 226
Deer, Marsh 20
Deer, McNeill's 226
Deer, Michie's Tufted 227
Deer, North Andean 197
Deer, Pampas 141
Deer, Pere David's 20
Deer, Persian Fallow 227
Deer, Philippine Brown 197
Deer, Phillipine Spotted 20
Deer, Schomburgk's 178
Deer, Siberian Musk 20
Deer, South Andean 20
Deer, Swamp 20
Deer, Thailand Brow-antlered 226
Deer, Thorold's20
Deer, Tibetan Red 226
Deer, Tufted 197
Deer, Yarkand 226
defilippiana, Pterodroma 30
degenerata, Leiostyla 127
degeni, Platytaeniodus 184
degodiensis, Mirafra 48
Deinacrida 108, 109, 209, 254
Deinocossonus 248
Deinomimesa 251
deiroleucus, Falco 149
dejectus, Stygobromus 89
dekeyseri, Lonchophylla 1 1
delacouri, Hapalomys 143
delacouri, Trachypithecus 15
delalandei, Coua 181
Delanymys 242
delcourti, Hoplodactylus 182
delectus, Graptodytes 98
delesserti, Garrulax 159
delicata, Jacksonena 173
delicatissima. Iguana 60
delicatulus, Pseudomys 144
delicatus, Procambarus 94
Delma, Collared 60
Delma,Su-iped Tailed 60
Delma 60
Deloneura 186
delongi, Mixogaster 250
Delos 216
deloustali, Paramesotriton 68
DELPHACIDAE 251
Delphinapterus 18
DELPHINIDAE 18, 129, 195,242
delphinuloides, Geomiira 124
Delphinus 242
delphis, Delphinus 242
Deltistes 75
demersus, Spheniscus 146
demidoff, Percarina 84
demissus, Eptesicus 12
demissus, Hipposideros 10
demonstrator. Mops 139
Dendragapus 149
Dendrocitta 164
DENDROCOLAPTIDAE 45, 155
dendrocolaptoides. Clibanomis 155
Dendrocopos 154
Dendrocygna 32
Dendrogale 8
Dendrohyrax 19, 226
Dendroica 55, 163
Dendrolagus 4, 135, 193
Dendromus 23, 143
dendrophorus, Streptocephalus 91
Dendropicos 154
Dendroprionomys 143
Dendrortyx 34, 149
Dendrotrochus 215
dendyi, Acanthanura 250
dendyi, Streptocephalus 91
deningeri, Lichmera 162
Denisonia 62
denningi, Agapetus ISA
dennistouni, Stachyris 160
densirostris, Mesoplodon 196
dentata, Litoria 243
dentata, Stygicola 77
dentatis dentatis, Aloeides 252
dentatis maseruna, Aloeides 252
dentatis, Aloeides 102
dentatus, Batomys 197
dentex, Prognathochromis 184
dentex, Salmo 204
dcnri, Otomys 144
denticulata, Branchinella 91
denticulata, Geochelone 65
denticulata, Lamprocystis 215
denticulus, Eudiscopus 138
dentiens, Ningbingia 122
dentifera, Partula 191
dentiplaga, Euploea 244
dentirostris, Ailuroedus 164
depasoapicata, Opanara 123
depressa, Geoemyda 64
depressicollis, Deronectes 98
depressicornis, Bubalus 20
depressum, Meridolum 122
depressus, Natator 63
depressus, Stemotherus 64
depressus, Turgenitubulus 122
deraniyagalai, Schismatogobius 207
derasa, Tridacna 1 1 2
derbiana, Psittacula 152
derbianus derbianus, Tragelaphus 230
derbianus gigas, Tragelaphus 230
derbianus, Caluromys 3
derbianus, Oreophasis 34
derbianus, Taurotragus 141
derbyi, Eriocnemis 153
DERMAPTERA 99
DERMATEMYDIDAE 63
Dermatemys 63
DERMOCHELYIDAE 63
Dermochelys 63
Dermogenys 81, 168
DERMOPf ERA 8
Deroceras 121, 173,215
Deronectes 98, 248
deserticola, Psychomastatix 108
deserticola, Spaniacris 133
desertor, Pseudomys 144
deshayesi, Gonospira 128
desidens, Pleurodonte 189
Desman, Pyrenean 8
Desman, Russian 8
Desmana 8
desmare.itii, Megalomys 178
desmazuresi, Tropidophora 188
284
Desmocerus 248
desmonda, Mesodontrachia 174
desmondi teita, Papilio 253
Desmopachria 248
desperate, Crocidura 6
desperatus, Gammarus 185
despreauxii. Obelus 126
destefanii, Strongylognathus 102
destructor, Cherax 95
deteani, Nephrurus 59
detecta, Harmogenanina 215
devecchi, Barbopsis 71
devexus, Distocambarus 94
dewaali, Redigobius 169
deweesae, Cambarus 93
dewegeri, Paralabrax 168
Dexteria 91
dhofarensis, Crocidura 6
Dhole 16
dhongoka, Kachuga 166
diaboli, Dionda 72
diabolicus, Eurostopodus 43
diabolis, Cyprinodon 79
diadema candidus, Propithecus 221
diadema diadema, Propithecus 221
diadema edwardsi, Propithecus 221
diadema perrieri, Propithecus 221
diadema, Charmosyna 40
diadema, Helicodiscus 174
diadema, Propithecus 14
dialeucos, Odontophorus 149
diametra natalica, lolaus 252
rfiflna diana, Cercopithecus 212
diana roloway, Cercopithecus 222
diana, Cercopithecus 15
dianae, Emballonura 10
dianae, Pseudocampylaea 190
dianae, Tarsius 194
dianchiensis, Sphaerophysa 75
diaphana, Samoana 127
diaphanum, Bythiospeum 244
Diaphlebia 107
DIAPTOMIDAE 91, 185, 207
Diaptomus 207
diardi, Lophura 35
Diastole 125, 190
i/iaz;, Romerolagus 29
Dibatag 20
Dibbler 3
DICAEIDAE 53, 161, 199
Dicaeum 53, 161
dicei, Sylvilagus 29
Dicerorhinus 19, 225
Diceros 19
dichotomus, Blastocerus 20
dichroma, Dionda 72
dickeyi, Cyanocorax 164
dickeyi, Peromyscus 26
dickhilleni, Alytes 66
dicksoni calviniae, Thestor252
dicksoni dicksoni, Thestor 252
dicksoni, Oxychaeta 103
dicksoni, Stygionympha 253
dicksoni, Tsitana 252
Diclidurus 10, 136
dicobolus yarrowi, Catostomus 246
Dicranopselaphus 249
Dicrostonyx 23, 197, 232
DICRURIDAE 57, 164
Dicrurus 57. 58, 164
didactyius, Choloepus 193
DIDELPHIDAE 3, 135, 193
DIDELPHIMORPHIA 3, 135, 193
didelphoides, Mesomys 197
didinus, Megalaperyx 179
Didunculus 38
dieffenbachii, Gallirallus 180
difficilis. Phylloscartes 156
difficilis. Pupina 212
Digger. Rusty Grave 93
Diglossa 54, 162
Dikdik, Silver 21
Dikume 85
dikume, Konia 85
dilatatum, Sympetrum 187
dimidiata, Monodelphis 135
dimidiata, Pomarea 52
dimidiatus, Oryzomys 144
dimidiatus, Philydor 155
diminutus. Cambarellus 93
diminutus. Gomphus 171
dimorpha, Achatinella 188
dimorpha. Palaina 210
dimorpha. Uroglaux 198
Dinaromys 143
dinellianus, Pseudocolopteryx 47
dineutoides, Pleurodytes 249
Dingiso 4
dinniki, Vipera 62
DINOMYIDAE 28
Dinomys 28
dinops, Hipposideros 136
Dinomis 179
diodon, Charpentieria 174
Diomedea 29, 30, 146
DIOMEDEIDAE 29, 146
Diomys 143
Dionda 72, 246
dioptrica, Australophocaena 196
Diphylla 137
Diplodon 110
Diplogale 18
Dipioglossus 59, 164
Diplommalina 210, 256
DIPLOMMATINIDAE 210, 256
diplomphalus, Hirasea 124
Diplomys 28, 146
Diplomystes 75, 203
DIPLOMYSTIDAE 75, 203
Diplothrix 143
Dipnelix 1\A
DIPODIDAE 23, 142, 197, 232, 242
Dipodomys 23, 131, 142, 231, 232
Dipper, Rufous-throated 49
DIPROTODONTIA 4, 129, 135, 177, 193,
219.241
DIPTERA 99, 185,250
Dirce 252
D/rcc 252
dirks i, Formica 100
Disa 74
diifl, Puntius 74
Disc, Marbled 123
Discherodontus 243
discicollis, Agabus 98
DISCIDAE 123, 174, 190. 214
Discocharopa 214
DISCOGLOSSIDAE 66, 132, 182, 246
Discoglossus 66, 1 82, 246
discolor. Lathamus 41
Disconaias 1 1 0
discrepans. Ogasawarana 209
discrepans, Oliarus 251
Discula 124
Disculella 124,245
discurus, Prioniturus 152
Oii-c«.r 123, 174, 190,214
disjunclicus. Engaeus 95
dispar, Coracina 157
dispar, Lycaena 170
dispersa, Nesopupa 216
disposita, Ficedula 50
dissimilis, Psephotus 152
dissimilis. Turdus 161
dissita, Cranioleuca 155
distans, Amazilia 43
distans. Lethe 253
distinguendus, Dryophthorus 185
Distocambarus 94
ditaenia, Gila 72
ditrema, Etheostoma 83
Dilropis 114
diumus, Taudactylus 67
diutuma, Pardosa 88
Divellomelon 122
diversa, Isonychia 250
diversipes. Hygrotus 248
diversus, Euastacus 96
diversus, Neochanna 204
Diving-petrel, Peruvian 30
Djam-djam 222
dobrogicus, Triturus 201
Dobsonia 8, 136, 177
Dodo 180
Dog, African Wild 16
Dog, Arizona Black-tailed Prairie230
Dog, Bush 16
Dog, Mexican Prairie 22
Dog, Utah Prairie 131
dohertyi persimilis. Ypthima 254
dohertyi, Coracina 157
dohertyi. Lophozosterops 161
dohertyi, Oreolyce 252
dohertyi. Pitta 156
dohertyi, Ptilinopus 39
dohertyi, Troides 105
dohmi, Paleoxenus 249
dohmi, Palaina 210
dohrnii, Ramphodon 43
dolabelloides, Lexingtonia 172
dolabraeformis, Lampsilis 1 1 1
dolani, Homoeoneuria 250
Dolania 250
Dolapex 125
i/o/fi, Carelia 189
do/si, Palmeria 56
do/e/, Partulina 213
Doleschallia 253
DOLICHOPODIDAE 185
dolichostoma, Partula 191
Dolichotis 145
285
doliolum, Palaina 210
Doliomis 46
dollmani, Maxomys 24
dolloff. Meta 88
Dolomedes 88
Dolophilodes 255
Dolores, Guayacon de Hacienda 80
dolorosa, Partula 191
Dolphin, Atlantic Spotted 196
Dolphin, Atlantic Hump-backed 196
Dolphin, Atlantic White-sided242
Dolphin, Black 195
Dolphin, Bottlenose 196
Dolphin, Clymene 196
Dolphin, Commerson's 195
Dolphin, Common 242
Dolphin, Dusky 195
Dolphin, Fraser's 195
Dolphin, Ganges River 19
Dolphin, Heaviside's 195
Dolphin, Hector's 18
Dolphin, Hourglass 242
Dolphin, Indo-Pacific Hump-backed 196
Dolphin, Indus River 19
Dolphin, Irrawaddy 195
Dolphin, La Plata River 196
Dolphin, Northern Right Whale242
Dolphin, Pacific White-sided 242
Dolphin, Pantropical Spotted 129
Dolphin, Peale's 195
Dolphin, Risso's 195
Dolphin, Rough-toothed 196
Dolphin, Southern Right Whale 195
Dolphin, Spinner 129
Dolphin, Striped 129
Dolphin, White-beaked 242
domicella, Lorius 41
dominicana, Heteroxolmis 47
dominicensis, Myotis 12
domogledi, Metrioptera 109
Donacia 248
donosoi, Liolaemus 199
Doradito, Dinelli's 47
dorae, Dendrocopos 154
dorcas claytoni, Lycaena 252
dorcas dorcas, Damaliscus 228
dorcas pelzelni. Gazelle 228
dorcas phillipsi, Damaliscus 228
dorcas, Damaliscus 130
dorcas. Gazella 141
Dorcatragus 21
Dorcopsis, Black 4
Dorcopsis, Macleay's4
Dorcopsis 4
Dorcopsulus 4
Dorcus 249
doretta, Euploea 244
doriae, Chiroderma 11
doriae, Hesperoptenus 12
doriae, Hipposideros 194
doriae, Megatriorchis 148
doriae, Mormopterus 13
doriae, Phascolosorex 193
dorianus, Dendrolagus 4
Dormouse, Common 145
Dormouse, Fat 145
Dormouse, Forest 145
Dormouse, Garden 27
Dormouse, Japanese 28
Dormouse, Mouse-tailed 28
Doronomyrmex 100
dorothea dorothea, Trigonoscuta 248
dorothea, Marmosops 3
dorolheae, Amytomis 49
dorsalis dorsalis, Cicindela 248
dorsalis, Cephalophus 141
dorsalis, Homoroselaps 165
dorsalis, Lepilemur 14
dorsalis, Phacellodomus 155
Doryrhamphus 205
Dotterel, New Zealand 37
douglasensis, Stenelmis 249
douglasi, Sminthopsis 4
douglasorum, Eptesicus 138
Dove. Brown-backed 151
Dove, Cloven-feathered 38
Dove, Grenada 39
Dove, Ochre-bellied 39
Dove, Socorro 1 80
Dove, Tolima 39
Dove, Whistling 151
Dowitcher, Asian 150
downiei, Elliptio 172
doyeni, Trigonoscuta 248
dracomontana, Rana 167
draconicus, Chlorolestes 171
draconilla, Nyctimene 9
draconis, Eurypegasus 205, 236
Dragon, Komodo 61
Dragon, South-eastern Lined Earless234
Dragon, Yinnietharra Rock 59
Dragonet, St Helena 87
Dragonfly, Alleghany Snaketail238
Dragonfly, Banded Bog Skimmer 106
Dragonfly, Big Thicket Emerald 106
Dragonfly, Bronze Clubtail 107
Dragonfly, Cherokee Clubtail 107
Dragonfly, Edmund's Snaketail 107
Dragonfly, Florida Spiketail 106
Dragonfly, Howe's Midget Snaketail 107
Dragonfly, Ohio Emerald 106
Dragonfly, Relict Himalayan 106
Dragonfly, Septima's Clubtail 107
Dragonfly, Shining Macromia 106
Dragonfly, Tennessee Clubtail 107
Drapamaudia 124
DRAPARNAUDIIDAE 124
DREPANIDIDAE 56, 163, 181
Drepanis 181
Drepanoptila 38
Drill 15
Drill, Fernando Po 222
Drill, Mainland 222
Driloleirus 109, 1 10
drimica, Ohridohaujfenia 188
Dromaeocercus 158
DROMAIIDAE 179
Dromaius 179
dramas, Dromus 1 10
Dromiciops 3
Dromus 110
Drongo, Aldabra 164
Drongo, Andaman 164
Drongo, Grand Comoro 57
Drongo, Mayotte 58
Drongo, Principe 164
286
Drongo, Sumatran 164
Drosophila 185
DROSOPHILIDAE 185
druceanus entabeni, Charaxes253
druceanus williamsi, Charaxes 253
drummondhayi, Epinephelus 82
dryadopa, Oeoblia 253
dryanderensis, Offachloritis 122
dryas, Cercopithecus 194
dryas, Gracilinanus 3
dryas, Microgale 5
dryburghi, Thestor 103
Drymaeus 121
Drymarchon 246
Drymophila 155
Dryobius 248
Dryococelus 187
Dryocopus 45, 154
Dryomys 27, 145
Dryophthorus 185
Dryotribus 185
dubautianus, Aeschrithmysus 248
dubia, Cercomela 158
dubia, Partulina 121
dubiaquercus, Anlrozous 1 1
Dubiraphia 249
dubitabilis, Nesopupa 216
dubius drucei, Hypolimnas 253
dubius, Callicebus 14
dubius, Leptoptilos 31
dubius, Notodiaptomus 92
ducalis, Megadytes 185
Duck, Black-headed 147
Duck, Blue 32
Duck, Ferruginous 32
Duck, Freckled 32
Duck, Hawaiian 32
Duck, Labrador 179
Duck, Laysan 32
Duck, Mandarin 147
Duck, Mauritian 179
Duck, Meller's 147
Duck, Philippine 147
Duck, Pink-headed 32
Duck, Spectacled 147
Duck, White-headed 32
Duck, White-winged 32
Ducula 39, 151
dufresniana, Amazona 1 5 1
dugesi, Thermosphaeroma 97
dugon, Dugong 19
Dugong 19
Dugong 19
DUGONGIDAE 19, 178
Duiker, Abbott's 21
Duiker, Aders' 21
Duiker, Bay 141
Duiker, Black 141
Duiker, Black-fronted 141
Duiker, Harvey's Red 130
Duiker, Jentink's 21
Duiker, Maxwell's 141
Duiker, Natal Red 130
Duiker, Ogilby's 141
Duiker, Peters' 141
Duiker, Red-flanked 130
Duiker, Ruwenzori Black-fronted228
Duiker, Weyn's 141
i
1
I
Duiker, White-bellied 141
Duiker, White-legged 228
Duiker, Yellow-backed 141
Duiker, Zebra 21
Dulce, Tollo de Agua 75
duloticus, Leptothorax 100
dulvertonensis, Angrobia 1 88
dumasi, Zoothera 199
dumerili, Acrantophis 61
dumerilianus, Peltocephalus 64
dumerilii dumerilii, Ambysloma 246
dunckeri, Phnllostethus 79
dunckeri, Solegnathus 82
dunkeri, Bylhinella 1 1 5
dunkerianus, Diplodon 1 1 0
dunmalli, Furina 62
Dunnart, Bollanger Id 219
Dunnart, Carpentarian 4
Dunnart, Chestnut 219
Dunnart, Common 219
Dunnart, Julia Creek 4
Dunnart, Kangaroo Island 3
Dunnart, Sandhill 4
Dunnart, White-footed 193
dunni, Hynobius 68
dunni, Kinostemon 64
dunsirei, Garra 72
duplicidentata, Opanara 123
duponti, Conospira 128
Dupontia 124, 190
Dupucharopa 123
duquesneyi, Celestus 199
dura gammiei, Lethe 253
Durangonella 1 16
Durbania 252
durgadasi, Hipposideros 10
dumfordi nicholi, Charaxes 253
Dusicyon 177, 195,241
Dussartius 92
dussumieri, Casarea 61
duthieae, Chlorotalpa 5
dutoiti, Arthroleptides 182
duttoniana, Lithasia 1 1 8
duvauceli branderi, Cervus 226
duvauceli duvauceli, Cervus 225
duvauceli ranjitsinhi, Cervus 226
duvauceli, Cervus 20
duvauceli, Hoplodactylus I'i'i
duvergeri, Acilius 98
duyvenbodei, Aethopyga 53
dwightii, Partulina 213
dwyeri, Chalinolobus 12
Dyacopterus 136
dyeriana, Angrobia 114
Dynastes 250
Dyscophus 67
Dysithamnus 45, 155
Dysnomia 187,255
Dysticheus 248
DYTISCIDAE 98, 185, 248
Dytiscus 98, 248
eachamensis, Melanotaenia 78
Eagle, Black-and-chestnut 148
Eagle, Crested 148
Eagle, Crowned 33
Eagle, Greater Spotted 33
Eagle, Gumey's 148
Eagle, Harpy 148
Eagle, Imperial 33
Eagle, New Guinea Harpy 33
Eagle, Philippine 33
Eagle, Solitary 148
Eagle, Spanish Imperial 33
Eagle, White-tailed 148
Eagle-owl, Lesser 42
Eagle-owl, Philippine 42
Eagle-owl, Spot-bellied 152
Eagle-owl, Usambara 42
Eanus 249
eapensis, Nesopupa 216
Eared-nightjar. Satanic 43
Eared-pheasant, Blue 149
Eared-pheasant, Brown 34
Eared-pheasant, Tibetan 34
Eared-pheasant, White 34
Earthcreeper, Bolivian 155
Earthworm, Giant Gippsland 1 10
Earthworm, Oregon Giant 1 10
Earthworm, Washington Giant 109
Earwig, Saint Helena 99
eastmani. Colophon 99
eastwoodae, Tetradactylus 182
eatoni, Komarekiona 109
ebenus, Lasiurus 12
eherhardi, Pseudotricula 256
ebii, Epixerus 142
Ebonyshell, Round 172
eboraci, Euploea 244
eboratum, Heteragrion 107
ecaudala, Diphylla 137
ecaudatus, Chaeropus 177
Ecchlorolestes 108, 171
ecclesi, Bellamya 1 1 9
Ecclisomyia 255
Echidna, Long-beaked 3
Echidna, Short-beaked 219
ECHIMYIDAE 28, 145, 178, 197
Echimys 28, 146, 197
echinatus. Coitus 184
echinatus, Procambarus 95
echinatus, Tarsomys 27
ECHINIDAE 169
echinista, Echymipera 193
Echinodillo 208
ECHINOIDA 169
ECHINOIDEA 169
echinopyge, Canthocamptus 96
echinulata, Discula 124
Echinus 169
Echiopsis 62
echo, Psiltacula 41
Echymipera, Clara's 193
Echymipera, David's 193
Echymipera, Menzies' 193
Echymipera 193
econfinae, Procambarus 95
Economidichthys 87
Ectemnius 251
Ectodemia 186
Ectopistes 180
edax, Olallamys 146
eddystonensis, Placostylus 126
edeaensis, Louisea 96
£de/ia 82
edeni, Balaenoptera 195
Edentulina 216
edgbastonensis, Jardinella 116
editha bayensis, Euphydryas 253
editha monoensis, Euphydryas 253
edmitchelli, Collisella 187
edmundo, Ophiogomphus 107
edwardii, Elephantulus 29
edwardshilli, Hipposideros 136
edwardsi, Lepilemur 241
edwardsi, Lophura 35
Edwards ia 217
edwardsiana, Grapholitha 254
EDWARDSIIDAE 128, 217
Edwardsirui 99
Eel, Blind Cave 205
Eel, Spiny 205
Eelgoby, Bearded 169
£j9ena 250
effractor, Monomorium 101
effugiens, Actinella 124
cga, Scleronycteris 1 1
egeria, Chalinolobus 137
egerides, Aloeides 102
Egemia 60, 234
egregius, Lasiurus 138
Egret, Chinese 31
Egret, Slaty 31
Egretta 31
egridiri, Phoxinellus Ti
Eider, Spectacled 32
Eider, Steller's 32
Eidoleon 254
eigenmanni, Evarra 183
fira 224
eisentrauti, Crocidura 6
eisentrauti, Hybomys 24
eisentrauti, Konia 85
eisentrauti, Melignomon 44
eisentrauti, Myosorex 7
ejuncida, Hypseleotris 169
Elachistodon 200
Eland, Common 131
Eland, Eastern Giant 230
Eland, Giant 141
Eland, Western Giant 230
£fci/7fte 200
elaphinus, Rattus 26
Elaphodus 197, 227
Elaphoidetla 96
elaphra, Collocalia 43
Elaphrus 98
Elaphurus 20
elaphus affmis, Cervus 226
elaphus alashanicus, Cervus 226
elaphus bactrianus, Cervus 226
elaphus barbarus, Cervus 226
elaphus corsicanus, Cervus 226
elaphus hanglu, Cervus 226
elaphus macneilli, Cervus 226
elaphus wallichi, Cervus 226
elaphus yarkandensis, Cervus 226
ELAPIDAE 61, 165, 200,234
Elapognathus 165
Elasmias 120. 124,213
ELASMOBRANCHII 69, 201
Elasmodontomys 179
287
Elassoma 83, 169, 247
ELASSOMATIDAE 83, 169,247
elata, Ceratogymna 154
elata, Tryonia 212
ELATERIDAE 249
elatior, Rhodacme 1 1 3
elator, Dipodomys 23
elatus, Stygobromus 89
eldi eldi, Cervus 226
eldi siamensis, Cervus 226
eldi ihamin, Cervus 226
eldi, Cervus 20
elecebra, Pheidole 101
electilis, Kupea 253
electro, Idea 104
electro, Peponocepholo 242
electro, Videno 217
Electron 154
elegons elegons, Laniisoma 246
elegons nevadensis, Spermophilus 231
elegons zogrebensis, Niphargus 237
elegons, Achotinella 188
elegons, Cyclanorbis 166
elegons, Cyprinodon 79
elegons, Georissa 209
elegons, Gila 72
elegons, Laniisoma 46
elegons, Leptomys 24
elegons, Leptopoecile 159
elegons, Macruromys 24
elegons, Margoretomys 24
elegans, Omphalotropis 210
elegons, Ordtrochia 122
elegons. Sterna 150
elegontulus, Euoticus 139
Eleothreptus 153
ELEOTRIDAE 87, 169, 206, 244, 247
Eleotris 169,206
Elephant, African 19
Elephant, Asian 19
Elephant-Shrew, Black-and-rufous29
Elephant-shrew, Chequered 245
Elephant-shrew, Four-toed 245
Elephant-shrew, Golden-rumped29
Elephant-shrew, Henderson's Chequeredn
245
Elephantbird, Great 179
ELEPHANTIDAE 19
Eleplwntulus 29
Elephas 19
Eleuthemis 238
Eleutherodactylus 67, 201
elevoto, Amplirhogado 244
Elfin, San Bruno 252
e/gmi, Spilomis 148
elgonius, Crociduro 6
Eliinia, Banded 117
Elimia, Black-crest 117
Elimia, Cahaba212
Elimia, Caper 117
Elimia, Closed 117
Elimia, Cobble 117
Elimia, Coldwater 212
Elimia, Constricted 117
Elimia, Flaxen 117
Elimia, Fusiform 117
Elimia, Gladiator 117
Elimia, Hearty 117
Elimia, High-spired 188
Elimia, Knotty 117
Elimia, Lacy 117
Elimia, Lily Shoals 1 17
Elimia, Mud 117
Elimia, Pupa 1 17
Elimia, Puzzle 117
Elimia, Pygmy 1 17
Elimia, Ribbed 117
Elimia, Rough-lined 1 17
Elimia, Round-rib 117
Elimia. Short-spired 117
Elimia, Silt 117
Elimia, Slowwater 1 17
Elimia, Spindle 1 17
Elimia, Squat 212
Elimia, Walnut 117
Elimia 117, 188, 212
Eliomys 27, 145
elisa, Fabriciana 253
elisobeth, Myadestes 159
Elisolimax 215
Eliurus 24, 143, 242
Elk, Siberian 226
elkensis, Combarus 93
Elktoe, Appalacian 1 10
Elktoe, Cardina 110
Elktoe, Cumberland 255
ellermani, Moyermys 24
Ellinopyg%steos 81
ellioti, Syrmaticus 35
elliotii. Pitta 156
Ellipsario 172
ellipsiprymnus defosso, Kobus 229
ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus, Kobus
229
ellipsiprymnus, Kobus 130
elliptico, Litthabitello 116
Elliptic 110, 172,255
Elliptoideus 110
elliptus, Lanistes 173
Ellobius 24
ELMINTHIDAE 99, 249
Elona 245
elongato, Amastro 1 88
elongoto, Calamoecia 91
elongato, Cobitis 203
elongata, Cryptazeco 123
elongoto, Hemisoga 109
elongata, Indotestudo 65
elongata, Victodrobia 117
elongatula, Omphalotropis 210
elongatulus, Unio 256
elongotus, Acheilognathus 7 1
elongatus, Ambassis 244
elongotus, Cycleptus 168
elpenor, Atlontisia 180
elphinstonii, Columbo 151
elseri, Bythiospeum 173
Elseya 62, 200
eludens, Grallaria 155
elusivus, Hydroporus 248
Elusor 62
elvira, Cremnomys 23
emarginatus, Myotis 12
emarginatus, Scotomanes 194
emarginatus, Stygobromus 89
Emballonura 10, 129
EMBALLONURIDAE 10. 129, 136
Emberizo 54, 55, 162
EMBERIZIDAE 54. 162
Emberizoides 162
Embernagra 162
EMBIOTOCIDAE 247
Emerald, Calverts' 171
Emerald. Grace's 181
Emerald. Honduran 43
Emerald, Orange-spotted 106
Emerald, Tachira 43
emersa, Dobsonia 8
emersoni, Partulo 127
emery i, Strongylognathus 102
emigdionis, Plebejus 252
emiliae, Grocilinanus 3
emilioe, Monodelphis 3
empedonepia, Tettigideo 109
Emperor, Western Forest 253
Empetrichthys 1 84, 247
emphanum, Polypleclron 35
Empicoris 251
EMPIDIDAE 250
Emu, Kangaroo Island 179
Emu, King Island 179
Emu-tail, Brown 158
Emuwren, Mallee 132
EMYDIDAE 64, 165, 200, 243, 246
Emydoidea 165
Emydura 243
emys, Monourio 65
Emys 165
Enallagma 106, 208
Encheloclarios 76
endersi, Cryptotis 1
ENDODONTIDAE 124, 190, 214
endoi, Pipistrellus 194
endymion, Poecilmitis 103
eneidae, Eleutherodactylus 201
Engoeus 95, 96
Engoewo 96
engonus, Rottus 26
engonata, Discus 214
ENGRAULIDAE 202
Enicognathus 152
ENIDAE 124,215,245
enigma, Todirhomphus 154
enniensis, Vollonia 217
ENOPLA 128, 175, 217
enoptes smithi, Euphilotes 252
ensipennis, Campylopterus 43
entellus, Semnopithecus 140
Enterochromis 85
Entomacrodus 206
entomostoma, Brazieria 1\1
Eodidptomus 92
Eoglaucomys 142
Eologurus 131
Eoleptestheria 92
eoi, Bulimulus 126
foj 40. 152
Eozapus 23
EPACTERISCIDAE 92
Epalzeorhynchos 183
epominondas, Grophium 105
288
Epargyreus 252
Epargyreus 252
eperlanus, Osmerus 204
Ephemera 250
Ephemerella 250
EPHEMERELLIDAE 250
EPHEMERIDAE 186,250
EPHEMEROPTERA 99, 186,250
ephemerus, Stygobromus 89
EPHYDRIDAE 250
epicentra, Hedylepta 186
epicharis, Sturanyella 209
Epicrates 61, 165, 234, 246
Epigomphus 107
Epimachus 58, 164
Epimymra 100
Epimyrma 100
Epinephelus 82, 83, 168, 206
Epioblasma 1 10, 1 1 1, 209, 238
Epiophlebia 106
EPIOPHLEBIIDAE 106
epiroticus, Paraphoxinus 202
epirrhinos, Hephaestus 168
Epischura 92, 207
episcopa ssp., Dionda 246
Epixerus 142
epomophora, Diomedea 146
Epomophorus 8, 136
Epomops 8
epsilanus, Myospalax 144
Eptesicus 12, 138, 194
Eplhianura 158
e^MM, Phycodorus 205
EQUIDAE 19,178,225,242
equinus, Hippotragus 130
£?Ui« 19, 178, 225, 242
erasa, Brazieria 217
EreAi'a 171,253
Erebonectes 92
e rectus. Hippocampus 81
Eremarionta 125, 174, 239
eremiana, Perameles 177
Eremichthys 72
eremita, Geronticus 31
eremita, Nesocichla 159
eremita, Osmoderma 99
eremita, Partula 191
eremita, Sonorella 174
Eremitalpa 5
eremitus, Leiocephalus 182
Eremomela, Turner's 50
Eremomela 50
Eremophilus 204
£repra 125, 190
ereptrix, Myrmica 101
ERETHIZONTIDAE 28, 178
Eretmochelys 63
Ergaticus 163
ergatogyna, Leptothorax 100
erica, Crocidura 6
ericae, Tryonia 212
ericeticola, Lycosa 207
Erikssonia 102
Erimystax 72
ERINACEIDAE 6, 136. 241
erinaceus, Clavicoccus 186
erinaceus. Hippocampus 81
Eriocnemis 43. 153
Eriogaster 208
eriophora, Kerivoula 12
Erithacus 158
ernsti, Graptemys 166
Eropeplus 24
erora, Kinixys 200
erosa, Omphalotropis 210
Erpelogomphus 238. 244
errans, Panoquina 170
erskinensis, Allocharopa 123
erubescens portosancti, Leptaxis 239
erubescens, Barbus 71
Erymnochelys 64
erythrocephala, Podocnemis 65
erythrocephalus, Hylocryptus 45
Erythroecia 253
erythrogaster, Cercopithecus 15
erythrogenys, Aratinga 152
erythronota, Zoothera 161
erythronolos, Formicivora 45
erythrophthalma, Lophura 35
erythropoma, Pyrgulopsis 211
erythrops, Procambarus 95
erythroptera, Gallicolumba 39
erythroptera, Onalis 34
erythropus, Anser 32
erythropygius, Pericrocotus 157
erythropygius, Stumus 164
erythrotis erythrotis. Cercopithecus 222
erythrotis, Cercopithecus 15
Erythrotriorchis 33, 198
Erythrura 57
escambia, Fusconaia 1 1 1
escambiensis, Procambarus 95
eschariferus, Bulimulus 126
ESCHRICHTIIDAE 129,225
Eschrichtius 129,225
esculentus. Echinus 169
esculentus, Oreochromis 85
esperania, Papilio 105
esperi, Fagotia 212
espiritosantensis, Tadarida 139
«(or, Prognathochromis 184
Estrilda 57, 163
ESTRILDIDAE 57, 163
ethelae, Phylolestes 108
Etheostoma 83. 169, 184, 206, 247
er/go, Mogera 8
£«a 127
euacanthus, Arctodiaptomus 9 1
Euastacus 96
Euathlus 169
Eubalaena 18. 129. 225
euboicus, Barbus 71
Eubucco 154
Eucerceris 251
Euchloe 253
Euchondrus 124
Euchoreutes 23
euchrysea, Tachycineta 157
EUCNEMIDAE 249
EUCONULIDAE 124. 190. 215. 245
eucosma, Charitospiza 162
Eucrenonaspides 90
Eucyclogobius 87
Eudiaptomus Iffl
Eudiscopus 138
Eudontomyzon 69. 167. 201
Eudyptes 29
eugeniae, Ptiiinopus 151
eugenii , Macropus 220
eugenii decres, Macropus 220
eugenii derbianus. Macropus 220
eugenii eugenii, Macropus 220
eugenii, Macropus 220
euglypta, Glyptorhagada 122
Euhadra 213.239
Eulamprus 60, 234, 246
Eulemur 13, 14, 220, 241, 245
Eulidia 43
eulima, Cecilioides 124
eu/o, Jardinella 1 1 6
Eulonchus 250
eulophotes, Egretta 31
EUMASTACIDAE 108
Eumeces 60. 165
Eumetopias 17
Eumops 13. 139
Eumorsea 108
Eumyias 158
eungella, Euastacus 96
eungellensis, Taudactylus 67
Eunice 209
Eunicella 128
EUNICIDA 209
EUNICIDAE 209
eunus eunus, Pseudocopaeodes 252
Eunymphicus 40
Euonyma 128
euops, Aratinga 40
Euoticus 139
eupator, Euploea 244
EUPELMIDAE 251
Eupelmus 251
Eupetaurus 22
EUPHAEIDAE 238
Eupherusa 43
Euphilotes 252
euphon, Euploea 104
Euphonia. Green-chinned 162
Euphonia 162
euphralica. Allactaga 143
euphralicus, Rafetus 66
Euphydryas 253
Euplectes 164
Eupleres 18
Euploea 104. 170. 171. 237. 244
euploeomorpha, Tirumala 105
Eupodotis 37. 150
Euproctus 68
Euproserpinus 105, 254
Eupsophus 67, 201
Euptilotis 44
Eurapteryx 179
eurasius, Stenobothrodes 108
eurhythmus, Ixobrychus 147
Euro, Barrow Island 220
europa tamuna, Lethe 253
europaeus, Mesoplodon 196
europaeus, Phyllodactylus 59
Euroscaptor 8
Eurostopodus 43
euroxestus, Tengchiena 215
289
euryale, Rhinolophus 10
Eurycea 68
Euryceros 157
eurycerus eurycerus. Tragelaphus 230
eurycerus isaaci, Tragelaphus 230
eurycerus, Tragelaphus 141
eurydice fumosa, Satyrodes253
EURYLAIMIDAE 45
Eurylaimus 45
Eurynorhynchus 37
eurynotus, Neoneniobius 133
Eurypegasus 205, 236
Euryphura 253
euryprora, Hedylepta 186
eurystoma, Gambusia 80
eurystomus, Satan 75
Eurytides 105,253
euryura, Rhipidura 160
Euscarthmus 47
Euscheman 252
Eusthenia 209. 254
EUSTHENIIDAE 209, 254
euterpe, Euproserpinus 254
Euthalia 253
eutheca, Hirasea 214
Eutrichomyias 50
Eutriorchis 33
eutropia, Cephalorhynchus 195
Euxanthe 253
euzyga, Semotrachia 122
evandaleana, Cupedora 122
Evarra 183
evelynae, Carelia 189
Everes 252
everetti, Aceros AA
everetti, Dicaeum 161
everetti, Ixos 157
everetti, Melogale 17
everetti, Monarcha 51
everetti, Tumix 35
everetti, Urogale 8
everetti, Zoothera 161
eversmanni amurensis, Mustela 224
eversmanni, Columba 38
evezardi, Indoreonectes 203
evoronensis, Microtus 25
evotis, Tonatia 137
exanimus, Kimboraga 122
exaula, Margaronia 253
excavatus, Somatogyrus 212
excella, Cryptochia 255
excellens, Campylopterus 153
excellens, Lovenula 92
excelsa, Grallaria 155
excelsus, Sorex 193
excisa, Gyrotoma 117
exigua, Anomala 250
exigua, Jardinella 116
exigua, Partula 191
exiVij, Arganiella 1 14
eximia, Anomala 250
eximia, Bleda 48
Eximiorhagada 214
eximius ssp., Cyprinodon 247
eximius, Phylloscartes 156
exocoeti, Ramphotyphlops 62
exoleta, Dobsonia 136
exoptata, Mandarina 214
expansa, Auriculella 188
expansa, Podocnemis 132
expansilabris mattolensis,
Helminthoglypta 239
expanstoma, Chamalychaeus 213
expansus, Diplodon 1 1 0
expatria, Boroda 87
exquisita, Melanotaenia 204
exquisita, Omphalotropis 256
exquisitus, Cotumicops 36
e;ciw/, Bm/o 66
ejciu/, Dicrostonyx 197
ex?«/, Epinephelus 206
^a:.™/, Psittacula 181
extensa, Menidia 78
extensus, Cottus 82
extincta, Neduba 187
extraneus, Cambarus 93
exulans, Diomedea 30
exulatus, Chilonopsis 191
Eye, Higgin's 111
ezoOT, Boninagrion 106
/aia, Partula 191
fabalis, Villosa 256
faberi, Leptothorax 100
Fabriciana 253
fabula, Pegias 1 1 1
facta, Micrarionta 125
fagani, Lepus 197
fagani, Prunella 158
Fagotia 212
fairbanksensis, Pyrgulopsis 211
fairbumi, Anagotus 248
Fairy wren. Broad-billed 159
Fairy wren, Campbell's 198
Fairywren, Purple-crowned 159
Falanouc 18
falcata, Ptilocichla 52
falcatus, Phyllops 137
falcatus, Tropodiaptomus 207
falcipennis, Dendragapus 149
falcirostris, Sporophila 55
falcirostris, Xiphocolaptes 45
FaZco 33, 34, 149, 179
Falcon, Grey 33
Falcon, New Zealand 149
Falcon, Orange-breasted 149
Falcon, Red-necked 149
Falcon, Taita 33
Falcon, White-rumped 149
falconeri falconeri, Capra 228
falconeri heptneri, Capra 228
falconeri megaceros, Capra 228
falconeri, Capra 21
Falconet, Pied 149
Falconet, White-fronted 149
FALCONIDAE 33, 149, 179, 242
FALCONIFORMES 32, 147, 179, 198,
242
/a/fcti, Deinacrida 108
/aWai, Oligosoma 165
fallax fallax, Chaetodipus 231
fallax pallidus, Chaetodipus 231
/oHox, y4ZoM 202
fallax, Beddomeia 1 14
fallax, Crunomys 23
Fallicambarus 94
Falniowskia 173
falsus, Ameletus 250
familiare, Apalopteron 54
familiaris, Acrocephalus 49
famulus, Mus 25
Fan, Broad Sea 128
Fan-shell, Western 110
fanalensis, Lauria 127
faniensis, Myrmica 101
fanovanae, Newtonia 51
Fanshell 110
Fantail, Cinnamon-tailed 160
Fantaii, Dusky 160
Fantail, Kadavu 160
Fantail, Long-tailed 160
Fantail, Malaita 52
Fantail, Manus 52
Fantail, Matthias 199
Fantail, Tawny-backed 160
Fantail, White-bellied 160
fardoulisi, Melonycteris 9
farleri, Lanistes 114
farquhari, Todirhamphus 44
Fara/a 255
fasciata taeniata, Nerodia 246
fasciata, Agrotis 1 86
fasciata, Galidictis 16
fasciata, Neothraupis 162
fasciatum, Tigrisoma 147
fasciatus albipilis, Lagostrophus 220
fasciatus fasciatus, Lagostrophus 220
fasciatus, Aphanius 205
fasciatus, Brachylophus 59
fasciatus, Cambarus 93
fasciatus, Lagostrophus 4
fasciatus, Myrmecobius 3
fasciatus, Sebastes 82
fascicularis, Macaca 140
fasciculispina, Rana 201
fasciinucha, Falco 33
fascinans, Elimia 117
fasciolatus, Circaetus 148
fasciolatus, Mixophyes 167
fastigata, Lamprocystis 215
fasluosa, Tangara 55
fastuosus, Epimachus 58
Fatmucket, Arkansas 1 1 1
Fatmucket, Waccamaw 172
fatrense, Deroceras 215
faunulus, Pteropus 9
fausta, Actinella 174
Fawnsfoot, Mexican 255
/eac, Pterodroma 30
/eae, Turdus 53
feaifeai, Muntiacus 227
/eai rooseveltorum, Muntiacus 227
/eai, Muntiacus 197
featherstoni, Phalacrocorax 31
federensis, Tropocyclops 92
fedtschenkoi, Pseudoscaphirhynchus 70
Felexamia 251
feliceus, Rattus 26
FELIDAE 16, 140, 195, 223, 241
felina, Lutra 17
felipei, Mustela 17
Fc/u 195,223,241
290
(
fellowsgordoni, Suncus 8
fellowsi. Melomys 25
Felovia 27
feltini, Microtus 144
femoralis, Cinnyricinclus 57
femoralis, Presbytis 140
fenderi, Rhyacophila 255
fenderi, Soliperla 254
Fennecus 195
Fenouilia 118
feralis, Micrarionta 125
ferdebueni, Poblana 205
Feresa 195
Ferminia 49
femandensis, Sephanoides 43
femandesi, Teinsoloma 209
femandezi, Lonchorhina 1 1
femandinae, Colaples 44
femandinae. Nesoryzomys 178
Fernwren 159
feroculus, Feroculus 7
Feroculus 7
/erox, Cryptoprocla 18
ferraria, Leiostyla 127
ferreorostris, Chaunoproctus 182
Ferreret 66
Ferret, Black-footed 177
Ferret-badger, Javan 224
Ferret-badger, Kinabalu 17
Ferrissia 1 1 3
ferrugineifrons, Bolborhynchus 40
ferrugineus , Pleuronectes 88
ferrugineus, Coccyzus 42
ferrugineus, Deronectes 98
ferrugineus, Phaenomys 26
ferrugineus, Procambarus 95
ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus 129
ferus przewalskii, Equus 225
FERUSSACIIDAE 124,215
/ifeer birulai. Castor 245
/ifccr. Castor 142
fibratus, Placostylus 126
Fibulacamptus 96
Ficedula 50, 158
ficedulinus, Zosterops 54
ficulnea, Pupilla 175
fidelis minor, Monadenia 239
fidelis pronotis, Monadenia 239
fieldi, Pseudomys 26
Fig-parrot, SaIvadori's41
Figbird, Wetar 199
fdfolensis filfolensis, Podarcis 246
filiceti, Philonesia 125
filicicola, Nesorestias 251
filicum, Heteramphus 248
filicum, Leiostyla 127
^/o5a, Partula 127
filosa, Rhodacme 1 1 3
fimbriata, Phrynomedusa 201
fimbriatus, Artibeus 1 37
fimbriatus, Eoglaucomys 142
fimbriatus, Myotis 194
finalis, Agathothoma 213
Finch, Black-masked 54
Finch, Canary-winged 162
Finch, Coal-crested 162
Finch, Cocos 55
Finch, Gouldian 57
Finch, Laysan 56
Finch. Mangrove 54
Finch, Nihoa 56
Finch, Peg-billed 162
Finch, Slender-billed 55
Finch, St Lucia Black 162
Finch, Star 57
Finch, Townsend's 182
Finch, Yellow-billed Blue 163
Finch, Yellow-green 55
findleyi, Myotis 12
Finfoot, Masked 37
fmschi, Amazona 1 5 1
finschii, Ducula 151
Fire-eye, Fringe-backed 46
Fireback, Crested 35
Fireback, Crestless 35
Fireback, Siamese 35
Firecrown, Juan Fernandez 43
Firefinch, Mali 163
Firefly, Everglades Browing 249
Firefly, Florida Intertidal249
Firetail, Red-eared 163
Firethroat 159
firouzi, Allactaga 23
fischerae, Rhinophylla 137
fischeri, Agapomis 151
fischeri. Crocidura 6
fischeri, Haplonycteris 9
fischeri, Lepidostoma 254
fischeri, Somateria 32
fischeri, Tauraco 152
Fish, African Blind Barb 71
Fish, Orange Lake Cave 95
Fish-eagle, Grey-headed 148
Fish-eagle, Lesser 148
Fish-eagle, Madagascar 33
Fish-eagle, Sanford's 33
Fish-owl, Blakiston's42
Fish-owl, Tawny 152
fisheri, Labeo 72
fisheri, Rana 182
Fishing-owl, Rufous 42
fiskii, Lamprophis 61
Fissi 86
Fissilicreagris 89
Fissuria 1 1 6
fitzpatricki, Procambarus 95
fitzroyana, Mesodontrachia 174
flagellatus, Stygobromus 89
flagellum ruddocki, Masticophis 246
Flagtail, Spotted 244
Flamingo, Andean 31
Flamingo, Lesser 147
Flamingo, Puna 31
flammea, Hemitremia 202
flammea, Littoraria 188
fiammea, Paroreomyza 181
Flatback 63
flava, Monardithemis 107
flava, Tilapia 86
flavescens, Ariteus 1 1
flavescens, Crocidura 6
flavescens, Eptesicus 194
flavescens, Varanus 243
flavicans, Foudia 57
flavicans, Prioniturus 152
flavicapilla, Chloropipo 156
flavicauda masakii, Coeliccia 238
flavicauda, Lagothrix 15
flaviceps, Atlapetes 54
flaviceps, Callithrix 14
flaviceps, Rhodacanthis 181
flavicollis, Macronyx 157
flavidulum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
flavifrons, Amblyomis 164
flavifuscus, Puntius 74
flavigula robinsoni. Manes 224
flavigula, Serinus 57
flavigularis, Lepus 28
flavimaculata, Graptemys 64
flavipennis, Chloropsis 48
flavipes, Ketupa 152
flavipes, Malimbus 57
flavipinnis, Glossgobius 87
flavipinnis, Noturus 75
flavipinnis, Prognathochromis 184
flavipinnis, Stupidogobius 87
flaviprymna, Lonchura 163
flavipunctata, Litoria 66
flavirostris, Humblotia 50
flavirostris, Paradoxomis 51
flavirostris, Phibalura 156
flaviventris, Saccolaimus 136
flavocoronatus, Chaetodon 84
flavomarginata, Cuora 64
flavomarginatus, Gopherus 65
flavovelata, Geothlypis 163
flavovirens, Chlorospingus 54
flavoviridis, Neomixis 159
flavus, Agelaius 56
flavus, Brachycercus 250
flavus, Speleomantes 68
flavus, Zosterops 161
Flea, Water 90, 91
fleayi, Mixophyes 67
fleckeri, Euastacus 96
fleclocercus, Ixalodectes 109
Fletcherana 252
fletcheri, Lechriodus 167
yZexa, Paramelita 90
flexicolumella, Hemisloma 116
flexuosa, Dysnomia 187
flexuosa, Epioblasma 110
Flicker, Cuban 44
Floater, Brook 255
Floater, California 255
Floater, Green 172
florensis, Corvus 58
florensis, Spelaeomys 178
florentina curtisi, Dysrwmia 255
florentina curtisi, Epioblasma 238
florentina florentina, Dysnomia 255
florentina walkeri, Dysnomia 255
florentina, Epioblasma 209
Florican, Bengal 37
Florican, Lesser 37
floriceps, Anthocephala 153
florida, Oxyethira 254
floridalis, Anaea 253
floridana smalli, Neotoma 233
floridana, Ceraclea 254
floridana, Dexteria 91
floridana, Micronaspis 249
291
floridana, Trigonopelastes 250
floridanus, Podomys 26
floridensis, Asaphomyia 250
floris, Treron 151
flosculus, Loriculus 41
flosculus, Quintalia 190
Flounder, Yellowtail 88
Flower-piercer, Chestnut-bellied 162
floweri, Crocidura 6
floweri, Eptesicus 138
floweri, Gerbillus 24
Rowerpecker, Brown-backed 161
Flowerpecker, Cebu 53
Flowerpecker, Flame-crowned 161
Flowerpecker, Scarlet-colIared53
Flowerpecker, Visayan 53
Flowerpecker, Whiskered 53
Flowerpecker, White-throated 161
Flowerpiercer, Venezuelan 54
Flufftail, Slender-billed 37
Flufftail, White-winged 37
fluminea, Melanatria 173
fluminensis, Myrmotherula 46
Fluminicola 211
fluvialis, /o 118
fluviatilis, Lampetra 167
fluviatilis, Neogobius 206
fluviatilis, Prinia 199
fluviatilis, Sotalia 196
fluviatillis, Craterocephalus 78
Fluviopupa 173
Fly, Belkin's Dune Tabanid 99
Fly, Brown Merycomyian Tabanid 250
Fly, Delong's Flower 250
Fly, Horida Asaphomyian Tabanid 250
Fly, Hawaiian Dance 250
Fly, Mary Alice's Small-headed 250
Fly, Nihoa Two-spotted Asterid250
Fly, Ross's Apatalestes Tabanid 250
Fly, Sugarfoot Moth 99
Fly, Texas Asaphomyian Tabanid 250
Fly, Valley Mydas 250
Fly, Volutine Stoneyian Tabanid 185
Fly, Wilber Springs Shore 250
Flycatcher, Ashy-breasted 51
Flycatcher, Atlantic Royal 47
Flycatcher, Belted 156
Flycatcher, Biak 159
Flycatcher, Black-and-rufous 158
Flycatcher, Black-banded 158
Flycatcher, Black-billed 156
Flycatcher, Blue-breasted 158
Flycatcher, Brown-breasted 159
Flycatcher, Chapin' s 5 1
Flycatcher, Cocos 47
Hycatcher, Cryptic 50
Flycatcher, Damar 50
Flycatcher, Dull-blue 158
Flycatcher, Furtive 50
Flycatcher, Grand Comoro 50
Flycatcher, Grey-breasted 47
Flycatcher, Guam 181
Flycatcher, Kashmir 50
Flycatcher, Little Slaty 50
Flycatcher, Lompobattang 50
Flycatcher, Matinan 50
Flycatcher, Nilgiri 158
Flycatcher, Nimba 51
Flycatcher, Ochre-tailed 159
Hycatcher, Orange-banded 156
Flycatcher, Pacific Royal 47
Flycatcher, Palawan 50
Flycatcher, Pileated 156
Flycatcher, Rufous-throated 158
Flycatcher, Samoan 51
Flycatcher, Sumba 158
Flycatcher, Sumba Brown 199
Hycatcher, Tawny-chested 156
Flycatcher, Ward's 160
FHying-fox, Ambon 136
Flying-fox, Chuuk 9
Flying-fox, Comoro Black 9
Flying-fox, Gilliard's 9
Flying-fox, Greater Mascarene9
Flying-fox, Lesser 9
Rying-fox, Little Golden-mantled9
Flying-fox, Marianas 9
Flying-fox, Mortlock Islands 9
Flying-fox, Okinawa 177
Flying- fox. Pemba 10
Flying-fox, Pohnpei 9
Flying-fox, Rodrigues 9
Flying-fox, Ryukyu 9
Flying-fox, Samoa 9
Flying-fox, White 241
Flying-squirrel, Small Japanese242
Hyrobin, Golden-bellied 159
Fody, Mauritius 57
Fody, Reunion 182
Fody, Rodrigues 57
Fody, Seychelles 57
foersteri, Henicophaps 151
Foliage-gleaner, Alagoas45
Foliage-gleaner, Chestnut-capped 155
Foliage-gleaner, Henna-hooded 45
Foliage-gleaner, Rufous-necked45
Foliage-gleaner, Russet-mantled 155
Foliage-gleaner, White-browed 155
foliifera. Culella 216
foliniana, Platyla 113
folkertsi, Hydroporus 248
folliculata, Elliptio 172
Fonscochlea 116,173
fontaineanus, Diplodon 110
fontanierii, Myospalax 25
fontanus, Galaxias 76
fonticola, Etheostoma 83
Fontigens 116,211
fontinalis, Cyprinodon 79
fontinalis, Hygrotus 248
foramcnus, Turgenitubulus 122
foramineus, Rattus 144
forbesi, Amastra 1 88
forbesi, Curaeus 56
forbesi, Nesopupa 216
fordi, Aphodius 250
foreli, Strongylognalhus 102
foremani, Pleurocera 1 1 8
Forest-Falcon, Buckley's 242
Forest-falcon, Plumbeous 34
Forest-partridge, Udzungwa35
Forest-rail, Mayr's 198
Forest-rail, White-striped 198
Forester, Scarce Red 253
Forkshell 187
formanii, Anculosa 1 88
formanii, Leptoxis 1 1 8
Formica 100, 170
FORMICARIIDAE 45, 155, 198
Formicarius 45
FORMICIDAE 99, 170
Formicivora 45,46, 155
Formicoxenus 100
formosa, Amandava 57
formosa. Anas 32
formosa, Cyprinella 71
formosa, Leptoxis 118
formosa, Nilssonia 66
formosa, Partula 191
formosa, Sitta 53
formosae, Treron 151
formosanus, Oncorhynchus 77
formosus bartelsi, Myotis 245
formosus, Garrulax 159
formosus, Neutrodiaptomus 207
formosus, Otomops 13
formosus, Scleropages 70
formosus, Spelaeornis 160
Forpus 40
forresti, Leggadina 143
for rest i, Ochotona 146
forresti, Sciurotamias 22
forstenii, Indotestudo 65
forthensis, Beddomeia 114
fortidens, Myotis 138
fortis, Coracirui 48
fortis, Pacifastacus 93
fosbergi, Opanara 123
fosbergi, Tubuaia 125
Fossa 18
fossa. Fossa 18
Fossa 18
fossilis, Misgumis 168
Foudia 57, 182
fourchensis, Plethodon 167
fowleri, Celestus 199
Fox, Bengal 195
Fox, Blanford's 195
Fox, Corsac 195
Fox, Fennec 195
Fox, Island Grey 129
Fox, Pale 195
Fox, Ruppell's 195
Fox, Swift 129
foxi, Crocidura 6
foxi, Cryptomys 145
foxi, Dasymys 143
fraenata, Onychogalea 4
fragilion, Megalobulimus 126
fragilis stochi, Hadzia lYI
fragilis, Omphalotropis 210
fragilis, Samoana 127
fragosa, Quadrula 112
francesae, Skiffla 184
franci, Elaphoidella 96
francica, Collocalia 153
francoisi, Trachypithecus 15
Francolin, Djibouti 35
Francolin, Grey-striped 34
Francolin, Harwood's 35
Francolin, Mount Cameroon 34
Francolin, Nahan's 198
Francolin, Swamp 35
292
Francolin, Swierstra's 35
FrancoUnus 34, 35, 198
franklandensis, Beddomeia 114
franzi, Procambarus 95
fraseri, Oreomanes 162
frater, Myolis 138
frater, Onychognathus 57
fraterculus, Artibeus 1 1
fraterculus, Melomys 144
fraterculus, Miniopterus 138
fratemum, Elliptio 110
fratrorum, Bunomys 143
fredericae, Presbytis 194
Fregata 31
FREGATIDAE 31
Fregitupus 182
frenatum, Cycloderma 166
frenatus, Chaetops 158
frenatus, Lichenostomus 162
freycineti, Myiagra 181
Friar, Comoro 104
Friar, Madagascan 104
Friar, Mauritian 104
Friarbird, Brass's 199
Friarbird, Dusky 199
Friarbird, Grey 199
Friarbird, Plain 162
Frigatebird, Ascension 31
Frigatebird, Christmas Island 3 1
frigatensis. Nysius 251
Fringilla 132
fringillaris, Spizocorys 48
FRINGILLIDAE 56, 132, 163, 182, 199
fringillinus, Parus 161
frisii, Rutilus 203
frisoni, Ceratella 250
Fritillary, Corsican 253
Fritillary, False 170
Fritillary, Lesser False 170
Fritillary, Myrtle's 253
Fritillary, Regal 253
Fritillary, Scarce 208
frivola, Kusaiea 215
frobesi, Nesithmysus 248
Frog, Amoured 66
Frog, Archey's 167
Frog, Baw-baw 67
Frog, Bleating Tree 243
Frog, Cape Rain 67
Frog, Corroboree 67
Frog, Desert Rain 67
Frog, Doichang 201
Frog, Drakensberg 167
Frog, Eungella Torrent 67
Frog, European Tree 166
Frog, Fijian Ground 67
Frog, Fleay's 67
Frog, Fletcher's 167
Frog, Gardiner's Seychelles 68
Frog, Gastric Brooding 67
Frog, Golden Coqui 201
Frog, Golden Dwarf Reed 243
Frog, Goliath 67
Frog, Great Barred 167
Frog, Green and Golden Bell 166
Frog, Green-thighed 166
Frog, Hamilton's 66
Frog, Hewitt's Ghost 66
Frog. Hochstetter's 243
Frog, Hogsback 167
Frog, Hoist's 67
Frog, Illinois Chorus 246
Frog, Ishikawa's 67
Frog, Israel Painted 182
Frog, Italian Agile 167
Frog, Kohchang 201
Frog, Lake Junin 67
Frog, Lesueur's 243
Frog, Liem's 67
Frog, Long-toed Tree 66
Frog, Micro 67
Frog, Mt Glorius Torrent 67
Frog, Namiye's 68
Frog, Nyakala 66
Frog, Otton 68
Frog, Pearson's 66
Frog, Peppered Tree 66
Frog, Pickersgill's Reed 66
Frog, Pine Barrens Tree 166
Frog, Pleione's Torrent 67
Frog, Relict Leopard 68
Frog, Seychelle Islands Tree 66
Frog, Seychelles 68
Frog, Sharp-nosed Torrent 67
Frog, Smith's Wrinkled 201
Frog, Somuncura 67
Frog, Southern Barred 67
Frog, Southern Bell 66
Frog, Southern Gastric Breeding67
Frog, Spiny-breasted Giant201
Frog, Spotted 56
Frog, Stuttering 67
Frog. Table Mountain Ghost 66
Frog, Thomasset's Seychelles68
Frog, Tinkling 67
Frog, Torrent Tree 66
Frog, Tusked 167
Frog, Vegas Valley Leopard 182
Frog, Water 243
Frog, Western Spotted 167
Frog, Whistling Tree 235. 243
Frog, White-bellied 67
Frog, Yellow-bellied 67
Frog, Yellow-spotted Tree 66, 243
froggatti, Cinetodus 204
Frogmouth, Bornean 198
Frogmouth, Dulit 198
Frogmouth, Javan 153
Frogmouth, Large 198
Frogmouth, Short-tailed 198
Frogmouth, Sri Lanka 153
fromensis, Beddomeia 114
frondicella, Pronesopupa 216
frontale, Cinclidium 158
frontalis, Anarhynchus 37
frontalis, Atelerix 241
frontalis. Bos 20
frontalis, Pipreola 156
frontalis, Sporophila 55
frontalis, Stenella 196
frontata, Presbytis 194
fronto, Kunsia 24
frosti, Neopteryx 9
frosti, Philoria 67
frosti, Serica 250
frugivorus, Calyptophilus 54
Fruit-dove, Atoll 151
Fruit-dove, Black-banded 151
Fruit-dove, Blue-capped 151
Fruit-dove, Carunculated 39
Fruit-dove, Cook Islands 151
Fruit-dove, Cream-bellied 151
Fruit-dove, Flame-breasted 39
Fruit-dove, Henderson 39
Fruit-dove, Makatea 39
Fruit-dove, Mariana 151
Fruit-dove, Negros 39
Fruit-dove, Rapa 39
Fruit-Dove, Red-moustached 180
Fruit-dove, Red-naped 39
Fruit-dove, Tanna 151
Fruit-dove, White-headed 151
Fruiteater, Black-chested 156
Fruiteater, Fiery-throated 156
Fruiteater, Scaled 156
Fruiteater, Scarlet-breasted 156
fuchsi, Belgrandiella 115
fuchsi, Orcula 175
fucosa, Tangara 163
fuerlesi, Hapalopsittaca 41
fulgens, Achatinella 120
fulgens, Ailurus 18
fulgida, Meda 72
fulgidus, Psittrichas 41
fulgurans, Perdicella 188
futgurata, Ampelita 1 20
Fulica 36, 180
fuliginosa, Psalidoprocne 157
fuliginosus fuliginosus, Macropus 220
fuliginosus, Aegithalos 161
fuliginosus, Hipposideros 136
fuliginosus, Larus 38
fuliginosus, Otus 42
fuliginosus, Sminthopsis 193
fullawayi, Hedylepta 186
fullerkati, Lampsilis 172
fulminans, Tadarida 139
fultoni, Beddomeia 114
fultoni, Pisidium 173
fulva, Heteropoma 210
fulva, Vemaya 27
fulvescens, Acipenser 70
fulvescens, Picumnus 45
Fulvetta, Gold-fronted 49
Fulvetta, Rufous-throated 158
Fulvetta, Spectacled 158
Fulvetta, Yellow-throated 158
fulvicollis, Treron 151
fulvicrus, Ectemnius 251
fulviventer goldmani, Sigmodon 233
fulviventer, Tylomys 145
fulvorufula adamauae, Redunca 230
fulvorufula chanleri, Redunca 230
fulvorufula fulvorufula, Redunca 230
fulvorufula, Redunca 131
fulvus albifrons, Eulemur 241
fulvus albocollaris, Eulemur 220
fulvus collaris, Eulemur 220
fulvus fulvus, Eulemur 1A\
fulvus mayottensis, Eulemur 245
fulvus rufus, Eulemur 241
fulvus sanfordi, Eulemur 220
fumeus, Pseudomys 26
293
fumosa, Crocidura 6
fumosus, Heimyscus 242
fumosus, Pappogeomys 142
fundalus, Pteropus 9
Fundulus 80, 183,243
funebris, Todirhamphus 154
funerea, Drepanis 181
funerea, Rhinoclemmys 166
funereus, Morimus 98
funicula, Gonospira 245
funiculalum, Teinsotoma 209
Funisciurus 22. 142
funium, Torresitrachia 174
furax, Emballonura 10
furcatus, Hemitriccus 47
furcalus, Pseudomugil 243
furcifer electromontis, Phaner 220
furcifer fiircifer, Phaner 220
furcifer pallescens, Phaner 220
furcifer parienti, Phaner 220
furcifer, Phaner 139
Furcifer 59
furculus, Triaenops 1 1
Furina 62
furiosus, Noturus 203
FURIPTERIDAE 11
FURNARIIDAE 45, 155
fumess, Silurus 203
furnessi, Pentalagus 29
furva, Leptaxis 125
furva, Mogurnda 87
furvum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
furvus, Patawanomys 25
^Mica clamitans, Alouatta 221
fusca fusca, Alouatta 221
fusca, Alouatta 14
/ujca, Aplonis 1 82
fusca, Himeroconcha 214
fusca, Leiostyla 245
fusca, Murina 194
fusca, Phoebetria 146
fuscata yakui, Macaca 245
fuscata, Macaca 15
fuscata, Newnhamia 98
fuscata, Padda 163
fuscatus, Marmosops 135
fuscicapillus, Corvus 164
fuscicapillus, Philemon 199
fusciceps fusciceps, Ateles 221
fusciceps robustus, Ateles 221
fusciceps, Ateles 14
fuscicollis crandalli, Saguinus 221
fuscicollis cruzlimai, Saguinus 221
fuscicollis leucogenys, Saguinus 241
fuscidula, Leiostyla 216
fuscigularis, Apalis 49
fuscipennis, Dicrurus 57
fuscipes annectens, Neotoma 233
fuscipes luciana, Neotoma 233
fuscipes riparia, Neotoma 233
fuscipes, Neotoma 25
fuscobasis, Achatinella 120
Fusconaia 111, 172
fuscoolivaceus, Atlapetes 162
fuscopalliata, Brachythemis 107
fuscorufa, Rhipidura 160
fuscorufa, Synallaxis 155
fuscorufus, Myiotheretes 156
fuscozonata, Aaadonta 214
fuscus insubricus, Pelobates 235
fuscus, Ancharius 203
fuscus, Eleutherodactylus 67
fuscus, Galaxias 76
fuscus. Hippocampus 81
fuscus, Lamprophis 165
fuscus, Lasiopodomys 143
fuscus, Liolaemus 199
fuscus, Miniopterus 12
fuscus, Moschus 141
fuscus, Neohydromys 25
fuscus, Notomys 25
fusea, Partula 191
fusiformis, Elimia 1 1 7
fusoidea, Partulina 213
gabbi, Micrarionta 215
gabbii, Bassaricyon 140
gabela, Prionops 49
gabela, Sheppardia 52
gabriellae, Hylobates 194
GADIDAE 77
GADIFORMES 77
Gadus 77
Gag 83
gaigeae, Paratelmatobius 243
gaigeae, Trachemys 64
gaigei, Gambusia 80
gaimardi cuniculus, Bettongia 219
gaimardi gainujrdi, Bettongia 219
gaimardi, Bettongia 135
gaimardi, Phalacrocorax 147
Galago, Allen's 139
Galago, Amani Dwarf 194
Galago, Grant's Dwarf 194
Galago, Lesser Needle-clawed 139
Galago, Matundu Dwarf 194
Galago, Rondo Dwarf 194
Galago, Small-eared Greater 139
Galago, Somali 139
Galago, Thomas's Dwarf 241
Galago, Western Needle-clawed 139
Galago, Zanzibar 139
Galago 139
Galagoides 194, 241
GALAGONIDAE 139, 194, 241
galapagoensis, Arctocephalus 17
galapagoensis, Buteo 33
galapagoensis, Oryzomys 25
galapagosensis, Ogilbia 204
Galaxias, Barred 76
Galaxias, Cape 168
Galaxias, Chathams 76
Galaxias, Clarence 76
Galaxias, Dwarf 77
Galaxias, Flat-Headed 76
Galaxias, Redder 76
Galaxias, Saddled 77
Galaxias, Swamp 204
Galaxias, Swan 76
Galaxias 16,11. 168,204
Galaxiella 11. 168
GALAXIIDAE 76, 168, 204
galbanus, Garrulax 159
galbinifrons, Cuora 165
Galbula 44
GALBULIDAE 44
galeata, Ducula 39
galeata, Lemniscia 215
galeatus, Basilomis 164
galeatus, Dryocopus 45
galeboides, Thermodiaptomus 92
Galemys 8
galericulata, Aix 147
galeritus "sanjei", Cercocebus 222
galeritus chrysogaster, Cercocebus 111
galeritus galeritus, Cercocebus 111
galeritus, Cercocebus 140
Galidictis 16, 17
galilaea, Pene 124
galileus "Ejagham ", Sarotherodon 236
gallagheri, Chaerephon 13
gallardoi, Podiceps 146
gallarum, Galago 139
Gallicolumba 39, 151
GALLIFORMES 34, 149, 180, 198
Gallinago 37, 150
Gallinula 36
Gallirallus 36, 149, 180
Galliwasp, Jamaica Giant 182
Galliwasp, Monsterrat 59
galloi, Polyommatus 103
Gallotia 60
Ga//uj 149
galusdae, Cheirodon 203
Gambelia 60
gambianus, Mungos 195
gambieri, Todirhamphus 44
Gambusia, Amistad 184
Gambusia, Big Bend 80
Gambusia, Clear Creek 80
Gambusia, Pecos 80
Gambusia, San Marcos 184
Gambusia 80, 168, 184, 205
gamelia, Euploea 170
GAMMARIDAE 90, 185
Gammarus 90, 185
gammoni, Stenelmis 99
ganesa loomisi, Panchala 151
gangetica, Platanista 19
gangeticus, Gavialis 58
gangeticus, Glyphis 69
Gannet, Cape 146
ganslmayri, Belgrandiella 115
ganteri, Palaemonias 93
gaoligongensis, Ochotona 197
gapperi solus, Clethrionomys 232
garamantis, Parantica 104
Garda, Carpione del 77
gardineri, Sooglossus 68
Garfish, Allen's River 205
Garfish, Robert's River 243
garlcppi, Papilio 208
garleppi, Poospiza 55
garmani, Characodon 184
gamettii, Otolemur 139
gamieri, Bythiospeum 1 1 5
gamotii, Pelecanoides 30
Garra, Philipps' 202
Garra 72, 202
garretti, Partula 191
garridoi, Mysateles 28
Garrulax 50, 159, 198
294
garrulus, Lorius 41
Garrulus 58
gaskelli, Hesperoptenus 12
gasparoi, Metacyclops 92
GASTEROSTEIDAE 81,247
GASTEROSTEIFORMES 81, 205, 236,
247
Gasterosteus 247
Gaslrocopta 127. 191
GASTROPODA 112, 133, 173, 187,209,
238, 244, 256
gasulli, Helicella 174
gatliffi, Pernagera 123
gaudichaudii, Littoridina 188
Gaur 20
Gaurochromis 85, 184
gautama, Tirumala 244
GAVIALIDAE 58
Gavialis 58
gazella acaciae, Gazella 228
gazella beisa, Oryx 229
gazella callotis, Oryx 229
gazella cora, Gazella 228
gazella farasani. Gazella 228
gazella gazella, Gazella 228
gazella gazella. Oryx 229
gazella muscatensis, Gazella 228
gazella, Gazella 130
gazella. Oryx 131
Gazella 21, 130, 141, 178, 228
Gazelle, Acacia 228
Gazelle, Arabian 178
Gazelle, Arabian Mountain 228
Gazelle, Arabian Sand 228
Gazelle, Cuvier's 21
Gazelle, Dama 21
Gazelle, Dorcas 141
Gazelle, Farasan 228
Gazelle, Goitred 141
Gazelle, Grant's 130
Gazelle, Heuglin's 228
Gazelle, Mongalla 228
Gazelle, Mongolian 141
Gazelle, Mountain 130
Gazelle, Muscat 228
Gazelle, Palestine Mountain 228
Gazelle, Pelzeln's 228
Gazelle, Przewalski's 21
Gazelle, Queen of Sheba's 21
Gazelle, Red 178
Gazelle, Red-fronted 21
Gazelle, Saudi 178
Gazelle, Slender-horned 21
Gazelle, Soemmerring's 21
Gazelle, Speke's 21
Gazelle, Thomson's 130
Gazelle, Tibetan 141
geata, Myosorex 7
geayi, Bedotia 204
GECARCINUCIDAE 95
Gecko, Black-eyed 165
Gecko, Duvaucel's 243
Gecko, Gold-striped 243
Gecko, Harlequin 165
Gecko, Hawequa Flat 165
Gecko, Kuroiwa's Ground 59
Gecko, Methuen's Dwarf 59
Gecko, Monito 59
Gecko, Muller's Velvet 165
Gecko, Namaqua Day 165
Gecko, Paraguanan Ground 59
Gecko, Peringueyi's Leaf-toed 199
Gecko, Rodrigues Day 182
Gecko, Rough 243
Gecko, Round Island Day 59
Gecko, Scarce Ground 199
Gecko, Serpent Island 59
Gecko, Small-scaled Leaf-toed 165
Gecko, Standing's Day 59
Gecko, Stephen's Island 59
geei, Trachypithecus 194
geelvinkiana, Micropsitta 152
geertsi, Caecobarbus 71
gejiuensis, Triplophysa 75
Gekko, European Leaf-toed 59
GEKKONIDAE 59, 165, 182, 199,243
gelada, Theropithecus 140
GELECHIIDAE 252
gellda, Macrhybopsis 72
gemina gafuri, Lethe 253
gemina, Ischnura 106
geminatus, Hylogomphus 171
Gemlnoropa 123
gemma, Hemistoma 173
gemma, Marginella 213
Gemsbok 131,229
genei, Chondrostoma 167
genei, Drymophila 155
genei, Speleomantes 167
genesii. Vertigo 133
Genet, Abyssinian 195
Genet, Crested 18
Genet, Ibiza 224
Genet, Johnston's 195
genetta isabelae, Genetta 224
Genetta 18, 195,224
geniculata, Boeckella 91
geniculata, Llthasia 1 1 8
Genophantis 186
genovensium, Platalina 1 1
genowaysi, Rhogeessa 139
Geocapromys 28, 178, 179
Geochelone 65, 234, 235
Geoclemys 165
Geocolaptes 154
Geocrinia 67
Geoemyda 64, 200
geoffrensis, Inia 19
geoffroii, Dasyurus 3
geoffroyi azuerensis, Ateles 221
geoffroyi frontatus, Ateles 221
geoffroyi grisescens, Ateles 221
geoffroyi ornatus, Ateles 221
geoffroyi pan, Ateles 221
geoffroyi panamensis, Ateles 221
geoffroyi yucatanensis, Ateles 221
geoffroyi, Ateles 241
geoffroyi, Callithrix 14
Geogale 1A\
Geomalacus 244
Geomalia 159
Geomalia 159
geometricus, Psammobates 65
GEOMETRIDAE 186,252
Geomitra 124
GEOMITRIDAE 124, 133, 174,215,245,
256
GEOMYIDAE 22, 142, 231, 242
Geomys 22,231
Geonemertes 217
Geophaps 151
Geopsittacus 41
georgei, Gambusia 184
georgiae, Cambarus 93
georgiana, Beloneuria 254
georgiana, Occirhenea \T1
georgianum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
Georissa 112,209
Geothlypis 55, 56, 163
GEOTRUPIDAE 249
Geotrygon 39, 151
Gerbillus 242
Gerbillus 24, 143, 242
Gerenuk 131
gerhardti, Elimia 212
gerhildae, Afrithelphusa 95
germaini, Polyplectron 35
Geronticus 31
Gerrhonotus 59
Gerrhosaurus 165
Gerygone, Biak 50
Gerygone, Lord Howe 181
Gerygone, Norfolk Island 50
Gerygone 50, 159, 181
geyeri, Bythiospeum 1 15
geyerii. Vertigo 133
Gharial 58
Gharial, False 199
gharlapsi, Trochoidea 126
ghetaldi, Paraphoxinus 73
ghigii, Ladigesocypris 72
Ghizani 72
Giant-petrel, Northern 146
Gibachi 247
gibba, Beddomeia 114
gibba, Leiostyla 127
gibba. Partula 1 27
gibbensis, Rhagada 122
Gibberula 213
gibberulus Digerus, Tomigenus 239
gibberum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
Gibbibarbus 72
Gibbon, Black 16
Gibbon, Buff-cheeked 194
Gibbon, Hoolock 194
Gibbon, Mentawai 16
Gibbon, Pileated 16
Gibbon, Silvery 16
gibboni, Diplommatina 210
gibbonsi, Graptemys 166
gibbosa, Pyganodon 172
gibbosus, Breviceps 67
gibbus, Procambarus 95
Gibbus 191
giffardi, Ectemnius 251
giffordi, Nesotocus 248
Gigante, Cachorrito 79
gigantea, Edwardsina 99
gigantea, Geochelone 65
gigantea, Grallaria 46
gigantea, Pseudibis 31
giganteus tasmaniensis, Macropus 220
295
giganteus, Cordylus 59
giganleus, Spalax 27
giganlula, Palaemnema 108
gigas, Arapaima 202
gigas, Branchinecta 244
gigas, Grammomys 24
gigas, Hydrochrous 153
gigas, Hydrodamalis 178
gigas, Mac rode rma 10
gigas, Pangasianodon 76
gigas, Phelsuma 182
gigas, Podilymbus 179
gigas, Stereolepis 82
gigas, Tachypleus 209
gigas, Thamnophis 61
gigas, Tridacna 112
G;7a 72, 167, 183,246
gi'/ae, Oncorhynchus 77
g(7ae, Pyrgulopsis 21 1
giVae, Tryonia 212
gilberti, Kupeornis 51
gilberli, Noturus 75
gilberti, Pingalla 244
gilberti, Prognathochromis 184
gilbertii, Potorous 4
gi'//;', Austroglanis 76
giV/i, Xenopus 67
gilliardi, Pteropus 9
gilliesi, Amanipodagrion 107
gilliesi, Paryphanla 216
gillissi, Percilia 206
gilpini, Fallicambariis 94
giluwensis, Rattus 144
gilviventris, Xenicus 1 57
gingica, Arborophila 34
ginkgodens, Mesoplodon 196
Giraj^a 130
Giraffe 130
GIRAFHDAE 130
giramica, Actinella 174
Girardinichthys 80
giraudi, Anceya 1 19
giraudi, Bridouxiana 119
Gittenbergeri 245
giulianii, Dubiraphia 249
giulianii, Pseudocotalpa 99
glabratum, Heteropoma 210
glabricollis, Cephalopterus 46
glabrirostris, Melanoptila 158
glacialis , Eubalaena 225
glacialis, Eubalaena 18
Glacicavicola 99
GLACIDORBIDAE 113,209
Glacidorbis 113,209
gladiator, Malaconotus 48
giadius , Xiphias 236
gladius , Xiphias 207
giadius, Psephurus 70
gtandulosa, Pyrgulopsis 211
Glareola 150
GLAREOLIDAE 37, 150
Glaresis 250
glassi, Crocidura 6
Claucidium 42, 152
glaucogularis, Ara 40
Glaucomys 230, 245
Glaucopsyche 186,252
glaucus, Anodorhynchus 1 80
glaucus, Pseudomys 26
glauerti, Bolhriembryon 121
g/en(, Chalinolobus 137
Glider, Battling 253
Glider, Mahogany 5
Glider, Northern 5
Glider, Squirrel 135
Glider, Yellow-bellied 135, 220
gliroides, Dromiciops 3
Glironia 3
Glirulus 28
g/i's, Myoxus 145
Glischropus 138
Globicephala 129,242
globiceps, Galaxias 204
Globonautes 95
globosa, Hirthia 119
globosus, Coelus 99
globulosa, Crax 34
gtoriosissima, Diglossa 162
glossema, Carelia 189
Glossgobius 87
Glossogobius 87, 169, 206, 247
Glossolepis 78, 204, 243
Glossophaga 137
GLOSSOSOMATIDAE 254
Glossy-starling, Copper-tailed 164
gloveralleni, Procyon 178
gloveri, Chlamydogobius 87
gloveri, Craterocephalus 78
gloveri, Lagocephalus 207
glutinosa, Myxas 209
glyceia, Hcmicycla 256
Glyphis 69
glyphistoma, Ocadia 200
Glyphopsyche 255
Glyphyalinia 217
Glyptophysa 1 1 3
Ghptorhagada 122, 173. 239
GNAPHOSIDAE 207
Gnatcatcher, Creamy-bellied 160
Gnatcatcher, Cuban 160
Gnateater, Hooded 155
gnou, Connochaetes 130
Goat, Chiltan 228
Goat, Cretan 228
Goat, Wild 21
GOBIIDAE 87, 132, 169, 206, 247
Gofoio 72, 202
Gobiomorphus 87
Goi)i«5 206
Goby, Arno 87
Goby, Bighead 247
Goby, Bigmouth 169
Goby, Blackthroat 169
Goby, Bluntsnout 247
Goby, Canestrini's 206
Goby, Checked 169
Goby, Dalhousie 87
Goby, Dwarf Pygmy 87
Goby, Edgbaston 87
Goby, Elizabeth Springs 87
Goby, Fly River 247
Goby, Hoese's 206
Goby, Irian 247
Goby, Kei 169
Goby, Kessler's 206
Goby, Kutubu 247
Goby, Lipstick 207
Goby, Mountain 247
Goby, Mulgrave 247
Goby, Naked 169
Goby, Ramu 247
Goby, Red-spotted 247
Goby, Red-tailed 207
Goby, Redneck 207
Goby, Robert's 247
Goby, Sarasin's 87
Goby, Sentani 247
Goby, Sibayi 169
Goby, Sleepy 169
Goby, Tidewater 87
Goby, Tiger 206
Goby, Tropical Sand 169
godeffroyi, Monarcha 159
godeffroyi, Todirhamphus 44
godefrida, Claravis 38
godetiana. Helix 174
godini, Eriocnemis 43
godmani, Antechinus 135
godmani, Choeroniscus 137
Godwit, Hudsonian 150
goedeni, Lepidostoma 254
goeldi, Radioconus 123
goeldii, Callimico 14
goeringi, Hemispingus 55
goerneri, Knipowitschia 206
goesswaldi, Doronomyrmex 100
Goethalsia 153
goffini, Cacatua 152
goisagi, Gorsachius 31
golandi, Ploceus 57
golasi, Hygromia 126
goldmani, Geotrygon 151
goldmani, Heteromys 142
Goldstreifiger 98
golgus, Polyommatus 103
goliath, Conraua 67
goliath, Ducula 39
GOMPHIDAE 107, 171,238,244
Gomphurus 107, 171
Gomphus 107, 171
Gonaxis 216
gongshanensis, Muntiacus 197
Gongylomorphus 246
Gonidomus 128, 191
goniobasis, Hirasea 214
Goniosaurus 59
Gonocephalus 199
Gonolek, Papyrus 157
Gonospira 128, 175, 191, 245
gonyostomus, Gonyostomus 128
Gonyostomus 128
gonzalesi, Chrotomys 23
Goodea 80
Goodeid 184
Goodeid, Opal 80
Goodeid, Rainbow 80
Goodeid, Striped 80
GOODEIDAE 80, 184, 247
Goodeido, Solo 80
goodfellowi, Dendrolagus 4
goodfellowi, Rhinomyias 52
296
Goose, Lesser White-fronted 32
Goose, Orinoco 147
Goose, Red-breasted 32
Goose, Ruddy-headed 147
Goose, Swan 32
Gopher, Carrizo Springs Pocket231
Gopher, Cathlamet Pocket 231
Gopher, Cumberland Island Picket231
Gopher, Goff s Southeastern Pocket231
Gopher, Maritime Pocket 231
Gopher, Michoacan Pocket 23
Gopher, Olympia Pocket 231
Gopher, Puget Sound Pocket 231
Gopher, Rocky Prairie Pocket 231
Gopher, Roy Prairie Pocket 231
Gopher, Sherman's Pocket 231
Gopher, Southern Pocket 242
Gopher, Tacoma Pocket 231
Gopher, Vancouver Pocket 231
Gopher, Yelm Prairie Pocket 231
gopheri, Copris 250
Gopherus 65, 243
goral bedfordi, Naemorhedus 229
goral goral, Naemorhedus 229
Goral, Amur 229
Goral, Brown Himalayan 229
Goral, Evans' Long-tailed 229
Goral, Himalayan 141
Goral, Long-tailed 21, 229
goral, Naemorhedus 141
Goral, Red 21,229
Goral, South China 229
Goral, Tibetan Red 229
Goral, Western Himalayan 229
gordiagini, Myrmecoxenus 101
gordoni, Fallicambarus 94
gordoni, Xiphophorus 80
gorganensis, Batrachuperus 68
gorgasi, Oryzomys 25
GORGON ACEA 128
gorgonae, Proechimys 146
gorgone, Erebia 253
goridaghini, Epimyrma 100
Gorilla 16
gorilla , Gorilla 223
gorilla beringei. Gorilla 223
gorilla gorilla. Gorilla 223
gorilla graueri, Gorilla 223
gorilla. Gorilla 16
Gorilla, Grauer's 223
Gorilla, Mountain 223
Gorilla, Nigerian 223
Gorilla, Western Lowland 223
Gorilla 16,223
gormonti, Renea 113
Gorsachius 31
gorzugi, Pseudemys 166
Goshawk, Chestnut-shouldered 198
Goshawk, Doria's 148
Goshawk, Grey-bellied 148
Goshawk, Henst's 147
Goshawk, New Britain 148
Goshawk, Red 33
gossypinus allapaticola, Peromyscus
233
gossypinus restrictus, Peromyscus 233
gothei, Brachygalaxias 204
gotscheensis, Calconiscellus 97
goudoli. Myotis 138
goudotii, Eupleres 18
goughensis, Rowettia 55
gouldi globulosa, Gulella 239
gouldi, Astacopsis 95
gouldiae, Chloebia 57
gouldii, Mesembriomys 144
gouldii, Pseudomys 178
goundae, Mus 25
Goura 39
gowerensis, Monterissa 1 1 2
gowersi, Prognathochromis 184
goyderi, Amytornis 242
graceus, Barbus 202
gracilicorpus, Oligosoma 200
Gracilinanus 3, 135, 193
gracilior, Fibulacamptus 96
gracilipes, Crocidura 6
gracilipes, Idiodiaptomus 207
gracilirostris, Apomys 23
gracilirostris, Chloropela 50
gracilirostris, Vireo 56
gracilis, Austromenidia 204
gracilis, Coelus 99
gracilis, Cryptotis 7
gracilis, Fluviopupa 173
gracilis, Galaxias 76
gracilis, Coodea 80
gracilis, Heterophasia 159
gracilis, Melanotaenia 168
gracilis, Microgale 5
gracilis, Oceanites 197
gracilis, Omphalotropis 210
gracilis, Petaurus 5
gracilis, Rhogeessa 1 39
gracilis, Streptocephalus 91
gracilis, Symolopsis 119
gracilis, Troglohyphantes 88
GRACILLARIIDAE 252
Crackle, Mountain 163
Crackle, Nicaraguan 163
Crackle, Red-bellied 56
Crackle, Slender-billed 182
GRADUNGULIDAE 207
gradyi, Stygobromus 89
graeca graeca, Testudo 246
graeca nikolskii. Testudo 235
graeca, Testudo 65
graecus, Scardinius 74
graecus, Spalax 27
Graellsia 208
graellsianus, Allognathus 174
grahamensis, Sonorella 174
grahami, Etheostoma 83
Grallaria 46, 155
Grallaricula 46, 155
gramineus, Tanygnathus 41
grammiceps, Stachyris 52
Grammomys 24, 143
gramnicola, Trichia 215
grampianensis, Angrobia 1 14
Grampus 195
grande, Oligosoma 60
grandidieri, Cleopatra 173
grandidieri, Galidictis 17
grandimanus, Crangonyx 89
grandimanus, Pseudoniphargus 90
grarulis, Bradypterus 198
grandis, Crocidura 6
grandis, Epomophorus 8
grandis, Heosemys 166
grandis, Lavigera 119
grandis. Liocypris 185
grandis, Megalobulimus 126
grandis, Neorapana 213
grandis, Peromyscus 144
grandis, Rhabdomis 161
grandis, Thapsia 215
grandisonae, Atelognathus 66
grandituberculatum, Granulomelon 173
granti, Batomys 242
granti, Eremitalpa 5
granti, Galagoides 194
granti, Gazella 130
granti, Ptyochromis 86
Grantiella 54
granulalus, Amychus 249
granulatus, Engaeus 95
granulifrons, Ptilinopus 39
granulimanus, Astacoides 208
Granulina 213
Granulomelon 173
Craphium, Meek's 105
Graphium 105, 171, 208, 253
Graphiurus 28
Grapholitha 254
Graptemys 64, 165, 166
Graptodytes 98
graslini, Gomphus 107
Grass-finch, Grey-cheeked 162
Crass-tyrant, Sharp-tailed 156
Grass-warbler, Bristled 50
Grassbird, Broad-tailed 160
Grassbird, Buff -banded 158
Grassbird, Fly River 51
Grassbird, Marsh 51
grassei, Crocidura 241
grassei, Plagiolepis 101
Grasshopper, Central Valley 187
Grasshopper, Desert Monkey 108
Grasshopper, Idaho Point-headed 108
Grasshopper, Lompoc 1 08
Grasshopper, Michigan Bog 108
Grasshopper, Pinaleno Monkey 108
Grasshopper, Santa Monica Mountains
108
Grasshopper, Sierra Pygmy 109
Grasshopper, Siskiyou ChloealtislOS
Grasshopper, Spanistic Desert 133
Grasshopper, Torreya Pygmy 109
Grasshopper, Zyantc Band-winged 108
Crasswren, Black 158
Crasswren, Carpenlarian 49
Crasswren, Eyrean 242
Crasswren, Grey 158
Crasswren, Thick-billed 49
Crasswren, White-throated 158
graiulabunda, Iglica 211
graueri, Bradypterus 50
graueri, Coracina 157
graueri, Lanistes 210
graueri, Paracrocidura 1
graueri, Pseudocalyptomena 45
gravenhorsti, Liolaemus 199
297
gravipes, Dipodomys 23
gravis, Eurapteryx 179
gravis, Quemisia 179
grayi. Crocidura 6
grayi, Malurus 159
grayi, Mesopiodon 196
grayi, Zosterops 161
Grayling, Australian 76
Grayling, New Zealand 183
graysoni, Mimodes 49
graysoni, Sylvilagus 29
graysoni, Turdus 161
graysoni, Zenaida 180
Graziana 116,244
Grebe, Alaotra 29
Grebe, Atitlan 179
Grebe, Colombian 179
Grebe, Hooded 146
Grebe, Juni'n 29
Grebe, Madagascar 29
Green, Mottled 253
Green-blossom 255
Green-pigeon, Cinnamon-headedl51
Green-pigeon, Flores 151
Green-pigeon, Large 151
Green-pigeon, Pemba 151
Green-pigeon, Sumatran 151
Green-pigeon, Sumba 151
Green-pigeon, Timor 39
Green-pigeon, Whistling 151
Green-pigeon, White-bellied 151
Green-pigeon, Yellow-vented 151
Greenbul, Appert's 48
Greenbul, Baumann's 157
Greenbul, Cameroon 157
Greenbul, Dusky 48
Greenbul, Grey-crowned 48
Greenbul, Grey-headed 157
Greenbul, Liberian 48
Greenbul, Prigogine's 48
Greenbul, Sassi's 157
Greenbul, Yellow-throated 01ive48
greenei. Coitus 82
greenfieldorum, Sanopus 78
Greenfinch, Vietnam 163
greenii, Ptychobranchus 1 1 2
Greenshank, Nordmann's 38
greenwayi, Gulella 216
greenwayi, Hannia 206
greenwoodi, Crocidura 6
gregarius, Vanellus 37
Gregorio, Guayacon de San 80
grevyi, Equus 19
Grey-hornbill, Malabar 154
greyi, Macropus 177
Greytail, Equatorial 155
Griffon, Cape 33
grimwoodi, Macronyx 157
GRIPOPTERYGIDAE 109
grisea, Murina 12
grisea, Myrmotherula 46
griseicauda, Stenocephalemys 145
griseiceps, Basileuterus 55
griseiceps, Myrmeciza 46
griseiceps, Piprites 156
griseipectus, Lathrotriccus 47
griseiventris, Taphrolesbia 44
griseldis, Acrocephalus 158
griseocapilla, Phyllomyias 156
griseostriatus, Francolinus 34
griseoventer ssp., Sminthopsis 219
griseovirescens, Zosterops 54
grisescens, Myotis 12
griseus alaotrensis, Hapalemur 220
griseus caspius, Varanus 246
griseus griseus, Hapalemur 241
griseus occidentalis, Hapalemur 220
griseus, Dusicyon 241
griseus. Grampus 195
griseus, Hexanchus 69
griseus, Ocyceros 154
grobbeni, Gerbillus 24
Gronocarus 250
gronovii, Scelotes 165
Grosbeak, Bonin 182
Grosbeak, Kona 181
Grosbeak, Sao Tome 56
grosesmithi, Papilio 171
grossa, Gulella 216
grossum, Cristilabrum 121
grosvenori, Megalurulus 198
Ground-cuckoo, Banded 42
Ground-cuckoo, Coral-billed 152
Ground-cuckoo, Scaled 152
Ground-cuckoo, Sunda 42
Ground-dove, Blue-eyed 38
Ground-dove, Carohne Islands 39
Ground-dove, Marquesan 39
Ground-dove, Palau 151
Ground-dove, Polynesian 39
Ground-dove, Purple-winged 38
Ground-dove, Santa Cruz 39
Ground-dove, Shy 151
Ground-dove, Thick-billed 39
Ground-dove, Wetar 39
Ground-dove, White-throated 151
Ground-jay, Xinjiang 58
Ground-pigeon, Thick-billed 151
Ground-roller, Long-tailed 44
Ground-roller, Pitta-like 154
Ground-roller, Rufous-headed 44
Ground-roller, Scaly 44
Ground-roller, Short-legged 44
Ground-thrush, Crossley's 161
Ground-thrush, Forest 161
Ground-Thrush, Kibale 242
Ground-thrush, Kivu 161
Ground-thrush, Spotted 53
Groundcreeper, Canebrake 155
Grouper, 10-spine206
Grouper, Bacalao 83
Grouper, Brown 168
Grouper, Comb 206
Grouper, Giant 82
Grouper, Gulf 83
Grouper, Leopard 83
Grouper, Marbled 82
Grouper, Nassau 83
Grouper, Sawtail 83
Grouper, Snowy 82
Grouper, Venezuelan 83
Grouper, Warsaw 82
Grouse, Caucasian 149
Grouse, Chinese 149
Grouse, Siberian 149
GRUIDAE 36, 131, 149
298
GRUIFORMES 35, 131, 149, 180, 198,
242
grunniens. Bos 20
Grunt, Brownstriped 84
Grunter, Adamson's 83
Grunter, Angalarri 247
Grunter, Drysdale 169
Grunter, Fortesque 168
Grunter, Gilberts 244
Grunter, Greenway's 206
Grunter, Kimberley 169
Grunter, Large-scale 169
Grunter, Leathery 206
Grunter, Long-nose Sooty 168
Grunter, Midgley's 169
Grunter, Small-Headed 206
Grunter, Striped 206
Grunter, Threespot 206
Grunter, Yamur Lake 83
Grus 36, 131, 149
GRYLLIDAE 108, 133, 187
Grylloblatta 99
GRYLLOBLATTARIA 99
Grylloblattid, Mount St. Helens' 99
GRYLLOBLATTIDAE 99
Gryllotalpa 209
GRYLLOTALPIDAE 209
gryneus sweadneri, Mitoura 252
grypus , Halichoerus 224
grypus, Aaptosyax 202
Grysbok, Cape 131
Grysbok, Sharpe's 131
guacamaia, Scarus 87
guadaloupensis, Eptesicus 12
guadeloupensis, Amphicyclotulus 188
guadeloupensis, Oleacina 190
guamensis, Omphalotropis 210
guamensis, Partula 127
guamensis, Succinea 217
Guan, Baud^4 34
Guan, Bearded 34
Guan, Black 149
Guan, Cauca 34
Guan, Chestnut-bellied 34
Guan, Horned 34
Guan, Wattled 149
Guan, White-browed 149
Guan, White-crested 149
Guan, White-winged 34
guanicoe cacsilensis. Lama 226
guanicoe huanacus. Lama 226
guanicoe voglii. Lama 226
guardia, Peromyscus 144
guarouba, Aratinga 40
Gubernatrix 55
gud, Chionomys 143
Gudgeon, Barnett River 169
Gudgeon, Barred 206
Gudgeon, Blind 206
Gudgeon, Danube 202
Gudgeon, Drysdale 169
Gudgeon, False-Spotted 247
Gudgeon, Rinders Ranges 247
Gudgeon, Golden 244
Gudgeon, Highlands 247
Gudgeon, Island 206
Gudgeon, Karamui 247
Gudgeon, Kessler's 202
r
1
Gudgeon, Malas 247
Gudgeon, Mitchell 169
Gudgeon, Paniai 206
Gudgeon, Prince Regent 169
Gudgeon, Purple Spotted 247
Gudgeon, Slender 169
Gudgeon, Wau 247
Gudgeon, White-finned 202
gueldenstaedti , Acipenser 235
Guenon, Red-eared 15
Guenon, Sclater's 15
guentheri, Christinus 59
guentheri, Microtus 144
guentheri, Phelsuma 59
guentheri, Scelotes 61
guereza gallarum, Colobus 222
guerinianus. Discus 190
guerinii, Truncatella 212
guianensis, Morphnus 148
guiarti complex, Harpagochromis 236
guidoni, Solatopupa 245
guigna, Oncifelis 16
guildingii, Amazona 40
guilielmi, Paradisaea 164
guinasana, Tilapia 86
Guineafowl, White-breasted 34
guineensis, Cornigomphus 107
guineensis, Eptesicus 138
guineensis, Rhinolophus 137
guiraonis, Barbus 71
gularis, Heliodoxa 153
gularis, Francolinus 35
guldenstaedti, Acipenser 70
Gulella 128, 191, 216, 239, 240, 245
Gulickia 120
Gull, Audouin's 131
Gull, Heermann's 150
Gull, Lava 38
Gull, Olrog's 38
Gull, Pacific 150
Gull, Relict 150
Gull, Saunders's 38
Gull, White-eyed 38
gulo, Gulo 17
Gulo 17
Gundi, Felou 27
gundlachi, Accipiter 33
gundlachi, Mysateles 28
gunnii gunnii, Perameles 219
gunnii ssp. , Perameles 219
gunnii, Perameles 4
gunningi, Amblysomus 5
gunningi, Sheppardia 52
guntheri, Sphenodon 58
gunung, Mallomys 24
gurneyi, Aquila 148
gurneyi, Mimizuku 42
gurneyi. Pitta 47
gutta, Cysticus 213
guttata, Clemmys 64
guttata, Zoolhera 53
guttatum, Toxostoma 158
guttatus, Psilorhamphus 155
gultifer, Tringa 38
gutturalis, Habia 162
gutturalis, Oreoscopus 159
gutturalis, Saxicola 160
gutturosa, Procapra 141
gutturosa, Tilapia 86
guzmani, Streptocephalus 91
gwatkinsii, Martes 17
gwendolinae mkusiensis, Gulella 239
gyldenstolpei, Isopachys 200
Gyliotrachela 175
Gymnobelideus 5
gymnocephala. Pityriasis 157
gymnocephalus, Picathartes 51
Gymnocephalus 83. 206
Gymnocharacinus 75
Gymnochthebius 249
Gymnocrex 36
Gymnogyps 32
Gymnomyza 54
Gymnophaps 151
Gymnopholus 98
gymnops, Rhegmatorhina 155
Gymnostinops 56
gymnotis, Strigocuscus 193
gymnotrachelus, Neogobius 206
gymnura, Saccopteryx 136
Gymnure, Dwarf 6
Gymnure, Hainan 6
Gymnure, Mindanao 6
Gymnuromys 24
gyorensis. Coluber 61
Gvp.5 33, 148
Gyraulus 1 1 3
GYRINIDAE 249
Gyrotoma 117, 118
haasi, Barbus 71
haasi, Nesithmysus 248
haastii, Apteryx 29
habbema, Antechinus 193
habbema, Hydromys 143
habei, Ogasawarana 112
//aiia 55, 162
Habromys 24, 143
Habroptila 36
habroplilus, Strigops 181
hachijoensis, Luchuena 215
Hacrochlamys 124
haddletoni, Lampsilis 172
Haddock 77
haddocki, Rhyacophila 255
hadenoecus, Stygobromus 89
hadithaensis, Rhinopoma 10
//arfra 122
Hadramphus 185,248
hadrourus, Uromys 145
//arfzjij 237
hadzii, Niphargus 90
HADZIIDAE 90, 237
haemastica, Limosa 150
HAEMATOPINIDAE 98
Haematopinus 98
HAEMATOPODIDAE 37, 150
Haematopus 37, 150, 180
haerruitostictum, Dicaeum 53
haematuropygia, Cacatua 40
HAEMULIDAE 84
Haeromys 24
haesitatus, Cisticola 50
hageni, Rhinocypha 106
hagleri, Pleurobema 1 1 1
hahajimana, Lamprocystis 124
hahajimana, Mandarina 214
hahajimana, Vitrinula 189
hahneli, Parides 208
Haideoporus 248
hainaldi, Rattus 144
hainanensis, Hylomys 6
hainanus. Lepus 28
hainanus, Phylloscopus 51
Hairstreak, Avalon 103
Hairstreak, Bartram's 252
Hairstreak, Sweadner's252
halakalae, Nesothauma 254
haleakalae, Ectemnius 251
haleakalae, Neseis 251
/ifl/e;', Discherodontus 243
/ja/ei, Sicyopterus 207
Halfbeak, Poso 205
Haliaeetus 33, 148
Halibut, Atlantic 88
Halichoerus 224
HALIPLIDAE 249
Haliplus 249
hallae, Beddomeia 114
/ja//i, Lestodelphys 3
/la///', Macronectes 146
/laWi, Telmatobius 201
hallucatus, Dasyurus 135
HALOCYPRIDA 96
HALOCYPRIDIDAE 96
Halolimnohelix 215
halope, Mictocaris 97
halophyllus, Hipposideros 136
hamadryas, Papio 140
hamatus, Taeromys 27
hamiltoni, Leiopelma 66
hamiltoni, Moxostoma 168
hamiltoni, Taphozous 10
hamiltonii, Geoclemys 165
Hamlet, Masked 83
hamlini, Clytorhynchus 158
hamlyni kahuziensis, Cercopithecus 222
hamlyni, Cercopithecus 140
hammondi, Thamnophis 200
Hampala 72
Hamster, Grey 143
Hamster, Romanian 25
Hamster-rat, Greater 143
Hamster-rat, Lesser 23
Handfish, Spotted 78
handleyi, Lonchophylla 1 1
handleyi, Marmosops 3
handlirschi, Phoxinellus Ti
Hanging-parrot, Green-fronted 152
Hanging-parrot, Sangihe41
Hanging-parrot, Wallace's41
Hanging-parrot, Yellow-throated 152
Hangul 226
hanleyianum, Pleurobema 1 1 1
hannae, Cataglyphis 100
Hannia 206
hansoni, Psilotreta 255
Hansonoperla 254
hantu, Chimarrogale 6
Hapalemur 14, 220, 241
Hapalomys 143
Hapalopsittaca 41
299
Haplochromis 85, 184
haplochrous, Turdus 161
Haplonycteris 9
Haplophaedia 153
Haplophlhalmus 97
HAPLOTAXIDA 109. 172
harai, Stygobromus 89
Harapgoxenus 100
Hardella 166
hardwickii, Gallinago 150
hardwickii, Solegnathus 82
Hardyhead, Dalhousie 78
Hardyhead, Darling River 78
Hardyhead. Drysdale 168
Hardyhead, Finke River 168
Hardyhead, Glovers 78
Hardyhead, Kailola's 243
Hardyhead, Kutubu 78
Hardyhead, Magela 204
Hardyhead, Murray 78
Hardyhead, Pima 204
Hardyhead, Prince Regent 168
Hare, Alaskan 242
Hare, Broom 28
Hare, Ethiopian 197
Hare, Hainan 28
Hare, Hispid 28
Hare, Yarkland 146
Hare-wallaby, Banded 4. 220
Hare-wallaby, Central 177
Hare-wallaby, Eastern 177
Hare-wallaby, Rufous 4. 220
Hare-wallaby, Spectacled 135, 219, 220
harenna, Crocidura 6
harmani, Crossoptilon 34
Harniogenanina 125, 190, 215
haroldyoungi, Lygosonm 200
haroyi, Aegiaiia 249
Harpactes 44
HARPACTICOIDA 96, 132,208
Harpagochromis 85. 184.236
Harpagoxenus 100
harpi, Fallicambarus 94
Harpia 148
Harpiocephalus 138
Harpyhaliaetus 33, 148
harpyja, Harpia 148
Harpyopsis 33
Harrier, Black 148
Harrier, Madagascar 148
Harrier, Pallid 148
harrisi, Plialacrocorax 31
harrisii, Aegolius 152
harrisoni, Musonycteris 1 1
Hartebeest, Bubar227
Hartebeest, Coke's 227
Hartebeest, Common 130
Hartebeest, Leiwel 227
Hartebeest, Lichtenstein's 130
Hartebeest, Red 227
Hartebeest, Swayne's 227
Hartebeest, Tora 227
Hartebeest, Western 227
harteri paucimaculata, Nerodia 246
harterti, Batrachostomus 198
hanerti, Ficedula 158
harterti, Phlogophilus 153
harterti, Upucerthia 155
hartfieldi, Orconectes 94
hani, Cambarus 93
harti, RImgada 122
hartlaubi, Otus 153
hartlaubi, Pseudodacnis 55
hartmanniana, Elimia 188
hartungi, Caseolus 256
hartwigi, Praomys 26
hartwigi, Trilhemis 107
hartwigschuetti, Alzoniella 114
Harvestman, Melones Cave 88
harveyensis, Sinployea 189
harveyi, Cephalophus 130
harveyi, Parosphromenus 88
harwoodi, Francolinus 35
harzi, Isophya 109
hasitata, Pterodroma 30
hatchi, Eanus 249
hatinensis, Lophura 35
Hauffenia 116,211
haughtoni. Colophon 99
hausdorfi, Acicula 210
hawaiensis, Pupoidopsis 216
hawaiiensis, Chersodromia 250
hawaiiensis, Corvus 58
hawaiiensis, Deinomimesa 251
hawaiiensis, Ithamar 251
hawaiiensis, Kalania 251
hawaiiensis, Lyropupa 216
hawaiiensis, Neritilia 209
hawequensis, Afroedura 165
Hawk, Galapagos 33
Hawk, Grey-backed 33
Hawk, Gundlach's 33
Hawk. Hawaiian 148
Hawk, Hispaniolan 33
Hawk, Mantled 148
Hawk, Plumbeous 148
Hawk, Rufous-tailed 148
Hawk, Semicollared 147
Hawk, Semiplumbeous 148
Hawk. White-necked 33
Hawk-eagle, Black-and-white 148
Hawk-eagle, Javan 33
Hawk-eagle, Philippine 33
Hawk-eagle, Sulawesi 148
Hawk-eagle, Wallace's 33
Hawk-owl. Papuan 198
Hawkmoth, Willowherb 208
hayi, Stygobromus 89
haysiana, Dysnomia 187
haysiana, Elimia 1 1 7
haysiana, Epioblasma 110
heaneyi, Crateromys Ti
heavisidii, Cephalorhynchus 195
hebardi, Erythroecia 253
hebardi. Vertigo 175
hebe, Partula 191
heckeli, Alburnus 202
hecki, Macaca 140
hectori, Cephalorhynchus 18
hectori, Mesoplodon 196
Hedgehog, Hugh's 6
Hedgehog, South African 241
Hedleya 119
Hedleyoconcha 123
Hedylepta 186
Heelsplitter. Alabama 112
Heelsplitter, Carolina 1 1 1
Heelsplitter, Tennessee 172
Heelsplitter. Texas 112
heermanni berkeleyensis, Dipodomys
231
heermanni morroensis, Dipodomys 231
heermanni, Larus 150
Heimyscus 242
heinertzi, Lacconectus 248
heinrichi, Bunomys 143
heinrichi, Cacomantis 198
heinrichi, Cossypha 50
heinrichi, Geomalia 159
heinrichi, Hyosciurus 22
heinrothi, Puffinus 30
helanshanensis, Ochotona 28
Helarctos 195
Heleia 161
Heleioporus 167
helena, Chilonopsis 191
helena, Perdicella 121
hetenae, Cralerocephalus 168
helenae, Hypothymis 159
helenae, Leucocythere 98
helenae, Mellisuga 153
helenaensis, Physiculus 77
Helenoconcha 189
Helenodiscus 189
Heleophryne 66
HELEOPHRYNIDAE 66
heliaca, Aquiia 33
Heliangelus 43
Helicarion 125,245,256
HELICARIONIDAE 125,190,215,245,
256
Helicella 126, 174
HELICELLIDAE 245
HELICIDAE 125, 133, 174, 190, 215, 239,
245, 256
heliciformis, Tropidoptera 121
Helicina 112
HELICINIDAE 112,209,238
HELICODISCIDAE 125, 174
Helicodiscus 174
helicogyra, Cincinnatia 115
Heliconius 104, 253
Helicopsis 174
Helicostyla 121
Helicoverpa 186
heliobates, Camarhynchus 54
Heliodiaptomus 92
Heliodoxa 153
Heliopais 37
Heliophobius 145
HELIORNITHIDAE 37
heliosylus, Zonerodius 147
heliotropium, Astraea 1 1 2
Helisoma 256
//e/w 125, 174
hellenica, Cobitis 203
hellenicus, Eudontomyzon 69
hellenicus, Pungitius 81
hellenicus, Tropidophoxinellus 203
helleri, Turdus 53
hellmayri, Synallaxis 45
hellmichi, Liolaemus 199
300
Helmet-shrike, Gabela49
Helmet-shrike, Grey-crested 49
Helmet-shrike, Yellow-crested49
Helminthoglypta 125,174,239
HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE 125, 174,
215,239
Heloderma 59
HELODERMATIDAE 59
helonomus, Allanaspides 90
hembeli, Margaritifera 1 10
HEMEROBIIDAE 254
Hemiandrus 254
Hemiargus 252
Hemibelideus 135
Hemiboeckella 91
Hemicordulia 106, 238
hemictenus, Punlius 74
Hemicycla 125, 133, 174, 245, 256
Hemidaina 254
Hemidiaptomus 207
Hemignathus 56, 181
Hemigrammocapoeta 243
hemileucurus, Phlogophilus 153
Hemimyzon 74
hemionus cerrosensis, Odocoileus 227
hemionus hemionus, Equus 225
hemionus hemippus. Equus 225
hemionus khur, Equus 225
hemionus kulan, Equus 225
hemionus luteus, Equus 225
hemionus onager, Equus 225
hemionus, Equus 19
Hemiphlebia 107
HEMIPHLEBIIDAE 107
HEMIPTERA 250
HEMIRAMPHIDAE 81, 168, 205, 243
Hemisaga 109
Hemispingus, Rufous-browed 162
Hemispingus, Slaty-backed 55
Hemispingus 55, 162
Hemislena 1 1 1
Hemistoma 116, 173
Hemitragus 21
Hemitremia 202
Hemitriccus 47, 156
hemixantha, Microeca 159
hendersoni, Rhyncogonus 248
hendersoni, Somatogyrus 111
Henicopemis 148
Henicophaps 151
Henicorhina 158
henningi, Poecilmitis 103
henrici, Ficedula 50
henseli, Drymaeus 121
henslowii, Ammodramus 162
henslii, Accipiter 147
Heosemys 64, 166
Hephaestus 83, 168, 206
HEPIALIDAE 252
HEPTAGENIIDAE 250
heptaptychius, Semperdon 245
HEPTAXODONTIDAE 179
heptneri, Salpingotus 143
he ran, Nyctophilus 13
herbertaxelrodi, Melanotaenia 205
herbertena, Amplirhagada 214
herbertensis, Pseudochirulus 135
herberti, Stachyris 52
hercegovinae, Alona 90
herculeana, Labidura 99
herculeanus, Polposipus 99
hercules glaseri, Dynastes 250
hercules hercules, Dynastes 250
hercules reidi, Dynastes 250
hercules, Alcedo 44
herero, Namibornis 159
herioti, Cyomis 158
hermanni boettgeri, Testudo lAb
hermanni, Myotis 194
hermanni, Pseudoscaphirhynchus 70
hermanni, Testudo 166
hermansi, Beddomeia 256
herrrmphroditus lignicolor,
Paradoxurus 224
hermes, Lycaena 103
herminae, Opheodrys 165
herminieri, Leiocephalus 182
herminieri, Melanerpes 155
Hermit, Hook-billed 43
Hermit, Koepcke's 153
Hermit, Saw-billed 153
hermonensis, Apodemus 23
Heron, Agami 147
Heron, Great-billed 147
Heron, Madagascar 31
Heron, White-bellied 31
Heron, Zigzag 147
Herpailurus 223
HERPESTIDAE 16, 224
Herpsilochmus 46, 155
herrei, Puntius 74
Herring, Toothed River 202
Herring, Venezuelan 71
hershkovitzi, Aotus 194
hesperia, Lonchophylla 1 1
Hesperia 102,252
hespericum, Craspedoma 133
HESPERIIDAE 102, 170, 208, 252
Hesperilla 252
Hesperion, Karok 215
Hesperodiaptomus 92
Hesperoptenus 12
Hetaerina 106
heteracantha, Deinacrida 108
Heteragrion 107
Heteralocha 182
Heteramphus 248
Heterelmis 249
Heterexis 248
heterochir. Cambusia 80
Heterocleon 250
Heterocrossa 151
Heterocyclus 116
heterodon, Alasmidonta 255
heterodon, Leiostyla 127
heterodus, Orthogeomys 22
Heterohyrax 20
Heteromirafra 48
Heteromunia 163
Heteromyias 159
HETEROMYIDAE 23, 131, 142,231,242
Heteromys 23, 142
Heteronetta 147
Heteronympha 253
Heterophasia 159
Heteropneustes 76
HETEROPNEUSTIDAE 76
heteropodus, Stygobromus 89
Heteropoma 210
Heteropsomys 178
heteropus, Machiloides 254
Heteroxolmis 47
heterura, Asthenes 45
hettitorum, Gobio 72
heudci, Paradoxomis 160
hewilsonii, Ideopsis 104
hewitti, Heleophryne 66
HEXANCHIDAE69
HEXANCHIFORMES 69
Hexanchus 69
hexaploidus, Bulinus 173
Hexaprotodon 20, 226
HEXATHELIDAE 207
hexodon, Helicodiscus 174
Hexolobodon 179
hickmani, Allanaspides 90
hidamontanus, Hynobius 68
Hieremys 64
hieroglyphica, Omphalotropis 114
hieroglyphicum, Isomma 107
higginsii, Lampsilis 1 1 1
hildebrandti thikensis, Maizania 238
hildergardeae, Taphozous 10
/jiWi, Scortum 206
hillieri, Dasycercus 3
hillieri, Divellomelon 111
hillii, Argonemertes 175
Hillstar, Wedge-tailed 153
Himantopus 37
Himantura 70
Himeroconcha 214
himeros, Papilio 171
Hind, Speckled 82
hindei, Beamys 23
hindei, Turdoides 53
hindwoodi, Lichenostomus 132
hineana, Somatochlora 106
hinkleyi, Somatogyrus 111
hinpoon, Niviventer 144
hinsbyi, Pleuroxia 111
hiostius, Typhaeus 249
Hippocamelus 20, 197
hippocampus. Hippocampus 81
Hippocampus 81, 82, 205
hippocrepis, Polygyra 175
hippoglossus, Hippoglossus 88
Hippoglossus 88
HIPPOLYTIDAE 95
hippophaes, Hyles 208
HIPPOPOTAMIDAE 20, 226
Hippopotamus, Pygmy 20
Hippopotamus 226
hippopus, Hippopus 133
Hippopus 133
hipposideros. Betta 88
hipposideros, Rhinolophus 10
Hipposideros 10, 136, 137, 194
Hippotragus 130, 178, 228
Hi rosea 124, 190,214
hiraseana, Boninena 121
hirasei, Camptoceras 210
301
hirasei, Mandarina 214
hirasei, Ogasawarana 209
Hirasiella 215
Hirinaba 128
hirosei, Mortonagrion 106
hirsuta. Myrmica 101
hirsulissima, Cytora 212
hirsutus bemieri, Lagorchestes 220
hirsutus dorreae, Lagorchestes 220
hirsutus hirsutus, Lagorchestes 220
hirsutus ssp., Lagorchestes 220
hirsutus, Artibeus 1 1
hirsutus, Brachionichthys 78
hirsutus, Bulimulus 126
hirsutus, Coelops 194
hirsutus, Hydroporus 248
hirsutus, Lagorchestes 4
hirsutus, Reithrodontomys 145
//irt/iia 119
hirticeps luteocincta, Perdita 25 1
HIRUDINEA 171
HIRUDINIDAE 171
//irwdo 171
hirundinacea, Cypsnagra 162
hiruruiinaceus, Caprimulgus 153
HIRUNDINIDAE 48, 157, 198
Hirundo 48
/jiite, OArymycrerui 25
hispanica, Anaecypris 7 1
hispanica, Suboestophora 175
hispanica, Valencia 80
hispida botnica, Phoca 224
hispida ladogensis, Phoca 224
hispida saimensis, Phoca 224
hispida, Crocidura 6
hispida, Japonia 210
hispidus, Caprolagus 28
Histiotus 12, 138
histrio, Eos 40
histrio, Hyophryne 201
histrionica, Phaps 151
histrix. Hippocampus 81
hiwasseensis, Cambarus 93
hobbit, Syconycteris 10
Hobbseus 94
hobbsi, Crangonyx 89
hochstetteri, Leiopelma 243
hochstetteri, Paryphanta 216
hodgei, Dryocopus 154
hodgesi, Gomphus 171
hodgsoni, Tickellia 160
hodgsonii, Pantholops 21
Hodomys 143
hoedtii, Gallicolumba 39
hoeschi, Anthus 157
hoesei, Glossogobius 206
hoffmanni, Choloepus 193
hoffinannsi, Rhegmatorhina 155
Hog, Pygmy 20
Hog, Western Forest 226
/iogei, Phrynops 62
Hogfish 87
Holcobius 248
holmwoodii, Chondrostoma 71
Holoaden 67
holosericea, Drepanoptila 38
holostoma, Gonospira 128
holsingeri, Fontigens 211
holsingeri, Sphalloplana 256
holsti, Parus 161
holsti, Rana 67
holstonia, Lasmigona 172
/lo/ri, Orconectes 94
holtzi, Rana 67
homalonotum, Oligosoma 60
Homaloptera 74
hombroni, Actenoides 44
homeana, Kinixys 200
homerus, Papilio 105
HOMINIDAE 16, 223
homochroa, Oceanodroma 146
Homoeoneuria 250
Homopholis 165
HOMOPTERA 170, 186, 251
Homopus 65, 166
Homoroselaps 165
hondurensis, Cryptotis 7
Honey-buzzard, Black 148
Honeyeater, Black-chested 199
Honeyeater, Bonin 54
Honeyeater, Bridled 162
Honeyeater, Buru 162
Honeyeater, Crow 54
Honeyeater, Eungella 132
Honeyeater, Kadavu 162
Honeyeater, Painted 54
Honeyeater, Regent 54
Honeyeater, Streaky-breasted 162
Honeyeater, Tagula 199
Honeyguide, Dwarf 154
Honeyguide, Malaysian 154
Honeyguide, Yellow-footed 44
Honeyguide, Yellow-rumped 154
hongii, Placostylus 121
hongkongensis, Kaliella 125
Hongolua 217
honoluluensis, Apterocychus 249
hoogerwerfi, Lophura 35
hoogerwerfi, Rattus 26
hoogstraali, Gerbillus 24
hoogstraali, Lemniscomys 197
hookeri, Phocarctos 17
hoolock, Hylobates 194
hopetonensis, Elliptio 172
hopkei, Carpodectes 156
hopkinsi, Pelomys 25
Hoplocephalus 62
Hoplodactylus 59. 165, 182, 243
HOPLONEMERTEA 128,175,217
Hoplotilapia 184
Hopping-mouse, Dusky 25
Hopping-mouse, Northern 144
hoppingi, Lytta 249
Horaglanis 76
horai, Hippocampus 81
horei, Reymondia 119
/lore;, Tiphobia 119
Hornbill, Black 154
Hornbill, Brown 154
Hornbill, Brown-cheeked 154
Hornbill, Helmeted 154
Hornbill, Luzon 154
Hornbill, Mindanao 154
Hornbill, Mindoro 44
Hornbill, Narcondam 44
Hornbill, Plain-pouched 44
Hornbill, Rufous 154
Hornbill, Rufous-necked 44
Hornbill, Samar 154
Hornbill, Sulu 44
Hornbill, Sumba 44
Hornbill, Visayan 44
Hornbill, Wrinkled 44
Hornbill, Writhed 44
Hornbill, Writhed-billed44
Hornbill, Yellow-casqued 154
hornbosteli, Lamprocystis 215
hornbyi, Oceanodroma 197
Hornsnail, Corpulent 118
Hornsnail, Ringed 118
Hornsnail, Rough 118
Hornsnail, Rugged 118
Hornsnail, Shortspire 118
Hornsnail, Skirted 1 18
Hornsnail, Spiral 118
Hornsnail, Telescope 1 1 8
Hornsnail, Upland 118
horridulum, Cyclophorus 187
horridum, Heloderma 59
Horse, Przewalski's 225
Horse, Przewalski's Wild 178
horsfieldii, Testudo 65
horsti, Procambarus 95
hortoni, Fallicambarus 94
/!05C(, Diplogale 18
ftojei, Lagenodelphis 195
ftoje/, Lariscus 22
ftojci, Suncus 8
/io5/(, Oriolus 164
hosonoi, Myotis 138
hosonoi, Sorex 7
hospes, Barbus 167
hospiton, Papilio 105
hospitum, Monomorium 101
hotsoni, Calomyscus lli
housei, Amytomis 158
houstonensis, Bufo 66
houstonensis, Quadrula 172
Houting 204
/jova, Acraea 252
howardi, Cambarus 93
howarthi, Caconemobius 108
howei, Ophiogomphus 107
howeinsulae, Omphalotropis 210
howelli, Sylvisorex 8
howelli, Trox 250
howensis, Nyctophilus 177
howensis, Pteropus 9
howesi, Balhanalia 1 19
howesi, Prognathochromis 85
Howler, Brown 14
Howler, Guateinalan 241
/toyi, Coregonus 77
hozgargantae, Agabus 98
hrabei, Niphargus 90
huacahuasicus, Liolaemus 60
huallagae, Aulacorhynchus 154
huancavelicae, Asthenes 45
hubbsi, Coahuilix 115
hubbsi, Lampetra 167
hubbsi, Moxostoma 75
302
I
hubbsi, Notropis 202
hubbsi, Novumbra 168
hubbsi, Stygobromus 89
Hubbsina 80
huberi, Strongylognathus 102
hubrichti, Allocrangonyx 89
hubrichli, Phaeognathus 68
hubrichti, Plethodon 68
hubrichti, Stenotrema 215
hubricti. Vertigo 175
Huchen 77
hucho, Hucho 11
Hucho 11
hucucha, Oxymycterus 25
hudsoni, Knipolegus 156
hudsonicus grahamensis, Tamiasciurus
231
hudsonius campestris, Zapus 232
hudsonius luteus, Zapus 242
hudsonius preblei, Zapus 232
hugeli, Aulopyge 71
hughi, Mesechinus 6
Huia 182
Huleechius 249
hutensis, Acanthobrama 1 83
hullii, Beddomeia 114
humbloti, Ardea 31
Humblotia 50
humboldti, Spheniscus 146
humedasae, Polyommatus 103
humei, Sphenocichla 160
humerosus, Somatogyrus 212
humiae, Syrmaticus 35
humilis, Ichthyophaga 148
humiiis, Acerodon 8
humilis, Eupodotis 150
humilis, Hydroporus 248
humilis, Yuhina 161
Hummingbird, Bee 153
Hummingbird, Chestnut-bel!ied43
Hummingbird, Glow-throated 43
Hummingbird, Mangrove 43
Hummingbird, Oaxaca 43
Hummingbird, Rufous-cheeked 153
Hummingbird, Sapphire-bellied43
Hummingbird, Scissor-tailed43
Hummingbird, White-tailed43
hungarica, Paladilhia 173
hungerfordi, Brychius 249
Hungerfordia 210
hungerfordiana rufopila, Chlorilis 239
hunteri, Damaliscus 21
huntsmani, Coregonus 11
hurdi, Cophura 250
hurdi, Metapogon 250
hurtadoi, Gambusia 80
ftura , //».so 236
/lUio, //uio 70
Wuio 70, 236
hussoni, Hydromys 143
hutchinsi, Kimberleyeleotris 169
Hutia, Bahamian 28
Hutia, Bushy-tailed 146
Hutia, Cabrera's 28
Hutia, Chapman's Prehensile-tailed28
Hutia, Dwarf 28
Hutia, Garrido's 28
Hutia, Hispaniolan 28
Hutia, Isla de la Juventud Tree 146
Hutia, Jamaican 28
Hutia, Large-eared 28
Hutia, Little Earth 28
huttoni, Lyperobius 248
huttoni, Murina 138
huttoni, Ptilinopus 39
huttoni, Puffinus 30
hyacinthinus, Anodorhynchus 40
Hyaena, Brown 241
Hyaena, Spotted 129
Hyaena 241
HYAENIDAE 129, 224, 241
hyalelloides, Gammarus 90
hyalina, Conozoa 187
hyalina, Diplommatirui 256
hyalina, Partula ill
hyalinoides, Tayloria 217
hyalinus, Sinocyclocheilus 74
hyantis andrewsi, Euchloe253
hyattiana, Carelia 189
Hybognathus 72
Hybomys 24, 143
hydaspe conquista, Speyeria 152i
Hydaticus 248
hydei, Elimia 1 17
Hydraena 249
HYDRAENIDAE 249
hydrobates, Ichthyomys 143
HYDROBATIDAE 30, 146, 197
Hydrobe, Blue Spring 114
Hydrobe, Dense 1 14
Hydrobe, Fenney Spring 114
Hydrobe, Wekiwa 1 14
Hydrobia 1 1 6
HYDROBIIDAE 114, 173, 188,211,238,
244, 256
HYDROCENIDAE 112,209
Hydrochara 249
hydrocharis, Tanysiptera 198
Hydrochrous 153
hydrocorax, Buceros 154
Hydrodamalis 178
hydrodromus, Sorex 1
Hydromantes 68
Hydromedusa 62
Hydromys 24, 143
HYDROPHIIDAE 62
HYDROPHILIDAE 249
Hydroporus 248
Hydropotes \ 41.221
Hydropsyche 187
HYDROPSYCHIDAE 187
Hydroptila 254
HYDROPTILIDAE 254
Hydrosaurus 199
Hydrotarsus 98
Hyemoschus 141
Hyetornis 42
Hygromia 126
HYGROMIIDAE 126, 133, 174, 190,215.
256
Hygrotus 185,248
//y/a 66, 166, 201
hylasfreyi, Coenagrion 237
//y/« 208
HYLIDAE 66, 166, 201, 235, 243, 246
Hylobates 16, 140, 194, 195
HYLOBATIDAE 16, 140. 194
Hylochoerus 226
hylocrius, Hemitragus 21
Hylocryptus 45, 155
Hylodes 67
Hylogomphus 171
hylomyoides, Maxomys 144
Hylomys 6, 136
Hylomyscus 242
Hylonympha 43
Hylopetes 22, 142
Hylopezus 155
Hylorchilus 49
Hymenolaimus 32
HYMENOPTERA 99, 170, 208, 251
HYNOBIIDAE 68, 201
Hynobius 68, 201
Hyophryne 201
Hyosciurus 22
Hypena 186
hyperion, Poecilmitis 103
HYPEROLIIDAE 66, 243
Hyperolius 66
Hyperoodon 130
hyperythra, Brachypteryx 50
hyperythrus, Cnemidophorus 200
hyperythrus, Odontophorus 149
hyperythrus, Tarsiger 160
Hyphydrus 248
Hypnophila 214
hypochondriacus, Siptomopsis 155
hypochroma, Sporophila 163
Hypodryas 208
Hypogeomys 24
hypogeus, Acanthocyclops 92
hypoglauca, Andigerui 154
hypogrammica, Stachyris 52
hypolais, Zosterops 162
Hypolestes 107
hypoleuca, Cissa 164
hypoleucos, Falco 33
hypoleucus. Capita 44
hypoleucus, Sphecotheres 199
hypoleucus, Synthliboramphus 150
hypolia, Hirasea 214
Hypolimnas 253
Hypolimnas 253
Hypolysia 217
Hypomesus 76
hypomicrus, Nesophontes 111
hypophyllus, Hipposideros 136
Hypoplectrus 83
hypopolia, Lepidochrysops 186
Hypopyrrhus 56
Hypothymis 50, 159
hypowattan, Parantica 104
hypoxantha, Gerygone 50
hypoxanthus, Brachyteles 14
hypoxanthus, Neodrepanis 47
hypoxanthus, Oenomys 197
hypoxanthus, Ploceus 164
Hypseleotris 169, 244
Hypsipetes 48, 181
HYRACOIDEA 19,226
Hyrax, Eastern Tree 19
303
hyrcanicus, Apodemus 197
Hyridella 255
HYRIIDAE 110,255
Hysterocarpus 247
hystricella, Pronesopupa 216
hystricelloides, Thaumatodon 124
HYSTRICIDAE 28, 145
hystricosus, Euastacus 96
Hystrix 28, 145
la 138
iasonia, Idea 171
ibadanensis, Malimbus 57
Iberocypris 72
iberus, Aphanius 205
Iberus 174
Ibex, Credos 228
Ibex, Nubian 21
Ibex, Pyrenean 228
Ibex, Sind 228
Ibex, Spanish 141
Ibex, Walia 21
Ibis, Black-headed 147
Ibis, Crested 31
Ibis, Dwarf Olive 31
Ibis, Ciant 31
Ibis, Madagascar Crested 147
Ibis, Northern Bald 31
Ibis, Red-naped 147
Ibis, Reunion Flightless 179
Ibis, Southern Bald 31
Ibis, White-shouldered 31
Icaricia 252
icarioides missionensis, Icaricia 252
icarioides missionensis, Plebejus 252
icarioides moroensis, Icaricia 252
icarioides pheres, Icaricia 252
ichikawai, Coreobagrus 76
ichthyaetus, Ichthyophaga 148
Ichthyomys 24, 143
Ichthyophaga 148
ICTALURIDAE 75, 168, 203, 247
Ictalurus 75, 203, 247
ICTERIDAE 56, 163, 182
icterolis, Ognorhynchus 41
Icterus 56, 163
idae, Ardeola 147
idaeoides, Craphium 105
idahoensis idahoensis, Oreohelix 239
idahoensis, Brachylagus 146
idahoensis, Pyrgulopsis 2 1 1
idalia, Speyeria 253
Idea 104, 171
identatus, Stygobromus 89
Ideopsis 104, 244
Idiodiaptomus 207
Idiomela 125
Idiostatus 109
Idiurus 145
irfo/a, Donacia 248
Idunella 90
/g/;ca 116,211
ignila, Lophura 35
ignotus, Basileuterus 163
Iguana, Allen's Cay Rock 234
Iguana, Andres Island Rock 234
Iguana, Anegada Rock 60
Iguana, Bahama Island Rock 60
Iguana, Barrington Land 59
Iguana, Booby Cay Ground 234
Iguana, Cayman Island Ground 234
Iguana. Cuban Ground 60, 234
Iguana, Exuma Island Rock 234
Iguana, Fiji Banded 59
Iguana, Fiji Crested 59
Iguana, Galapagos Land 59
Iguana, Galapagos Marine 59
Iguana, Jamaican 59
Iguana, Lesser Antillean60
Iguana, Rhinoceros 60
Iguana, Ricord's 60
Iguana, San Salvador Rock 60, 234
Iguana, Turks and Caicos Ground 234
Iguana 60
IGUANIDAE 59, 182, 199, 234, 246
Iguanognathus 61
iheringi, Formicivora 46
iheringi, Monodelphis 135
iheringi, Radiodiscus 214
ijimae, Phylloscopus 51
ikei, Maccullochella 82
ileile, Hyosciurus 22
ilicifolia, Phyllodesma 102
ilidzensis slovenicus, Niphargus Til
iliensis, Ochotona 28
iliffei, Cocoharpinia 90
iliffei, Typhlatya 93
Illadopsis, Rufous-winged 159
llladopsis 159
illidgei, Acrodipsas 102
illyricus, Leuciscus 72
Ilydon 80
imaizumii, Rhinolophus 1 1
imbellis, Ammodillus 23
imberbis, Muriculus 25
imberbis, Tragelaphus 131
imbricata, Eretmochelys 63
imbricata, Meladema 98
imbriferna, Tilapia 86
imeldae, Notropis 73
imitata, Phreatodrobia 116
imitator, Accipiter 33
imitator, Tryonia 212
imitratix, Lampedusa 123
imitratrix, Lutilodix 125
immaculata, Deloneura 186
immaculata, Eremarionta 125
immaculata, Pnoepyga 160
Imnadia 92
imogene, Pharotis 13
Impala 130
Impala, Black-faced 227
impar, Delma 60
impavidus, Marmosops 135
impennis, Alca 1 80
imperator imperator, Saguinus 221
imperator, Uromys 27
imperfecta, Caldwellia 124
imperforata, Partula 191
Imperial-pigeon, Bismarck 151
Imperial-pigeon, Chestnut-bellied39
Imperial-pigeon, Christmas Island39
Imperial-pigeon, Finsch's 151
Imperial-pigeon, Grey 39
Imperial-pigeon, Marquesan39
Imperial-pigeon, Mindoro39
Imperial-pigeon, New Caledonian39
Imperial-pigeon, Polynesian 39
Imperial-pigeon, Spotted 39
Imperial-pigeon, Timor 39
Imperial-pigeon, Vanuatu 39
imperialis, Amazona 40
imperialis, Campephilus 44
imperialis, Fissilicreagris 89
imperialis, Gallinago 150
imperialis, Lophura 35
imperialis, Speleomantes 167
imperialis, Teinopalpus 171
implicata, Harmogenanina 125
implicata, Pachycephala 159
impressa, Elimia 117
impressa, Manouria 65
improvisum, Chiroderma 11
imula, Arubolana 97
inae, Vitrea 217
Inanga, Dwarf 76
Inca, Black 43
Inca-finch, Grey-winged 162
Inca-finch, Little 162
incanus, Marmosops 135
Incaspiza 162
incerta, Pronesopupa 216
incerta, Pterodroma 30
Incerticyclus 188
incisa, Paramiella 212
incisus, Glossolepis 78
incomitatus, Artibeus 194
incomptus, Orconectes 94
inconspicua, Gulella 216
incurvata, Somatochlora 171
incurvatus alleghaniensis,
Ophiogomphus 238
incurvatus, Ophiogomphus 171
indefessus, Nesoryzomys 25
indica dealbata, Ratufa 245
indica elphinstoni, Ratufa 245
indica, Chitra 65
indica, Cylindraspis 182
indica, Eupodotis 37
indica, Ratufa 22
Indicator 154
INDICATORIDAE 44, 154
indicus. Gyps 148
indicus, Melanobatrachus 67
indicus, Monopterus 205
indicus, Tapirus 19
indigo, Peripatoides 109
indioensis cathedralis, Eremarionta
239
Indolestes 107
Indoreonectes 203
Indotestudo 65
Indri 14
iWri, //li/n 14
/nt/ri 14
INDRIDAE 14,221,241
inepta, Cylindraspis 182
inepta, Megacrex 198
inermis argyropus, Hydropotes 227
inermis inermsis, Hydropotes 227
inermis testii, Orconectes 237
inermis, Epinephelus 82
304
J
nermis, Hydropotes 141
nermis, Nematogenys 204
nexpectala, Aegisia 213
nexpeclala, Torreomis 55
nexpectatus, Hipposideros 10
nexspectata, Tyto 198
nfantilis, Trimerolropis 108
nfetix, Monarcha 159
nfemale, Ophistemon 82
nfemalis, Styx 252
nfirma, Assiminea 1 14
Inflata, Beddomeia 114
nflata, Trochidrobia 117
nflatula, Diplommatina 210
nflalus, Potamilus 1 1 2
Infrapunctatum, Oligosoma 165
Infrequens, Nesopupa 216
Infucata, Quincuncina 172
Infusca, Balantiopteryx 10
Infuscata, Synallaxis 45
Infuscatus, Henicopemis 148
•nfuscus, Platyrrhinus 137
ngens, Diclidurus 10
'ngens, Dipodomys 23
•ngens. Hippocampus 81
ngens, Macrotarsomys 24
Ingolfiella 90
INGOLHELLIDAE 90
ingrahami, Geocapromys 28
/nia 19
inmemoriam, Cyprinodon 183
innesi, Omphalotropis 256
innotata, Aythya 32
innoxius, Eptesicus 12
inopinala, Thaumatoneura 107
inopinata, Westraltrachia 122
inopinatum, Polyplectron 35
inopinatus, Artibeus 137
inops, Rhinolophus 194
inomata, Bitis 62
inomata, Columba 38
inomata, Lophura 35
inomata, Pinaroloxias 55
inomata, Uma 60
inomatus psammophilus, Perognathus
242
inomatus, Epicrates 165
inomatus, Philemon 162
inquilina, Myrmecia 101
inquilina, Oxyepoecus 101
inquilina, Pheidole 101
inquilina, Serrastruma 101
inquilinum, Monomorium 101
insculpta, Carettochelys 62
insculpta, Clemmys 64
INSECTA 98, 133, 169, 185, 208, 237.
244, 247
INSECTIVORA 5, 136, 177, 193, 241
inseperata, Lytta 249
insignis, Ardea 31
insignis, Hirasea 124
insignis, Polihierax 149
insignis, Potamonectes 249
insignis, Rhinomyias 52
insignis, Saxicola 52
insignis, Zenkerella 145
insolita, Newnhamia 98
insonus, Sylvilagus 29
Insuetophrymus 67
insulana, Volvarina 213
insulans, Heteropsomys 178
insulanus, Psacadonotus 109
insularis, Aplonis 164
insularis. Barkudia 200
insularis, Boninthemis 107
insularis, Bothrops 62
insularis, Dipodomys 23
insularis, Eupsophus 201
insularis, Gerygone 181
insularis, Gonyostomus 128
insularis, Junco 55
insularis, Lepus 146
insularis, Macroperipatus 109
insularis, Nesidiolestes 251
insularis, Otus 42
insularis, Procyon 17
insularis, Pteropus 9
insularis, Ptilinopus 39
insularis, Strongylognathus 102
insularum, Myotis 194
insulata, Sporophila 55
insulatus, Platymantis 67
insulensis, Mesocyclops 92
Insulivitrina 128, 175
intercastellanus , Phalanger 219
inter,,, isa, Xerarionta 125
interioris, Lucania 80
intermedia ijimai, Leucorrhinia 238
intermedia, Belgrandiella 188
intermedia, Bylhinella 188
intermedia, Callithrix 241
intermedia, Gila 167
intermedia, Kerivoula 138
intermedia, Nycteris 136
intermedia, Psittacula 41
intermedia, Quadrula 255
intermedius, Choeroniscus 137
intermedius, Crocodylus 58
intermedius, Glossogobius 87
intermedius, Micropteropus 9
intermedius, Neodiaptomus 92
intemigrans, Perisoreus 58
interparietalis, Peromyscus 26
interrupta, Elimia 117
interstitialis, Sphaerolana 97
interveniens, Elimia 117
intonsa, Aegista 213
intortus, Lanistes 114
intricatus, Carabus 169
intrusa, Gulella 216
inundata, Amblyrhiza 179
inunguis, Trichechus 19
inustus, Dendrolagus 193
inutilis, Hemicycla 133
investigator, Uropsilus 8
invictus, Marmosops 135
10, Balantiopteryx 136
lo, /a 138
/o 118
lodopleura 46
/oZau,r 103, 170,252
/omyi 22
(ora, Norfolcioconch 123
lotichthys
72
ioxantha, Fletcherana 252
ip/i!5, Pomarea 52
iphitas, Eurytides 105
ipnaeum, Plagiodontia 179
iracunda, Metallura 153
Iranocypris 72
iredalei, Acanthiza 49
Iredaleoconcha 125
I'rena, Miramella 108
i'rene, Poecilmitis 103
ireneae, Otus 42
IRENIDAE 48, 157
iridescens, Amphorella 124
irideus, Leucaspius 202
irideus, Pseudophoxinus 203
Iridosomis 162
iriomotensis, Chlorogomphus 106
(m, Amblysomus 241
(m, Melanotaenia 243
i'm, /'ipra 156
(m, Psitteuteles 41
ir?7M, Macropus 135
irregularis, Aaadonta 214
irregularis, Cycloptilum 108
irridescens, Levuana 187
irridescens, Paramelania 119
irrorata, Diomedea 146
irrupta, Caluromysiops 3
irvineanus, Bothriembryon 121
irvingi, Cesonia 207
irwini, Percilla 206
isabelae, Graellsia 208
Isabella, Funisciurus 142
Isabella, Sylvisorex 8
isabellae, Oriolus 57
isabellus, Diclidurus 136
isarogensis, Rhynchomys 27
Ischnura 106
ishidai, Macromia 106
ishigakiana ishigakiarm, Planaeschna
Til
ishigakiana ruigaminei, Planaeschna
237
ishikawae, Rana 67
ishikawai, Oncorhynchus 11
ishmaeli, Labrochromis 184
isidori, Oroaetus 148
isletae, Napaeus 121
isolata, Jardinella 116
isolata, Pyrgulopsis 21 1
isolatum, Cristilabrum 122
isolatum, Tasmanoplectron 108
Isolobodon 28, 179
Isomma 107
Isonychia 250
Isoodon 4, 219
Isopachys 200
Isophya 109
Isopod, Bat Cave 97
Isopod, Clifton Cave 96
Isopod, Lee County Cave 97
Isopod, Madison Cave 97
Isopod, Nickajack Cave 97
Isopod, Rye Cove Cave 97
Isopod, Socorro 185
ISOPODA 96, 185, 208, 237, 244, 247
305
Isothrix 146, 197
isseli, Pelomys 25
istapantap, Mallomys 143
Isthmomys 143
isura, Lophoictinia 33
ilajara, Epinephelus 82
italicus, Strongylognathus 102
italowiana, Pleuroxia 174
iteratus, Mixophyes 67
ithaginis, Dorcus 249
Itliamar 251
ITHONIDAE 254
i'toni'.! nakashimai, Chamalychaeus 239
iVcWi, Edwardsia 217
iversoni, Mauremys 200
iwame, Oncorhynchus 204
iwasakii, Pareas 200
Ixalodecles 109
Ixobrychus 147, 179
/j:o5 48. 157
izardi. Colophon 170
izecksohni, Hyla 201
Jabouilleia 51
Jacamar, Coppery-chested 44
Jacamar, Three-toed 44
Jacamaralcyon 44
jaccetanicus, Zonitoides 128
Jack, Deepwater 82
jackieburchi, Partula 191
Jackrabbit, Black 146
Jackrabbit, Tehuantepec 28
Jackrabbit, White-sided 146
Jacksonena 173
jacksonense, Helisoma 256
jacksoni, Bdeogale 16
jacksoni, Euplectes 164
jacksoni, Praomys 197
jacksoni, Sorex 1
jacksoni, Steatomys 21
jacksoni, Taenioides 169
jacksoniana, Obovaria 172
jacobi, Bulimulus 126
jacobita, Oreailurus 16
jacquinoti, Pachycephala 159
jacucaca, Penelope 149
Jaculus 143
jacutinga, Pipile 34
jaegeri, Anelia 170
jagara, Euastacus 95
Jaguar 140
Jaguarundi, Texas 223
jamaicensis, Plicatoperipatus 171
jamesae, Beloneuria 254
jamesi classensi, Lepidochrysops 252
jamesi jamesi, Lepidochrysops 252
jamesi, Phoenicopterus 31
jamoerensis, Varia 83
janaslini, Glyptorhagada 173
janetta, Bathyergus 145
jankowskii, Emberiza 54
janthina, Columba 151
japonensis, Grus 36
Japonia 210
japonica, Bombycilla 157
japonica, Geoemyda 64
japonica, Luehdorpa 171
japonicus, Andrias 68
japonicus, Glirulus 28
japonicus. Hippocampus 81
japonicus, Salvelinus 11
Jardinella 116
jarutanini, Schistura 75
jasperi, Eleutherodactylus 201
jaurffreti, Elasmias 213
javanica, Manis 142
javanica, Nycteris 10
javanicus, Bos 20
javanicus, Charadrius 150
javanicus, Lacconectus 248
javanicus, Leptoptilos 31
javanus, Glischropus 138
javensis, Batrachostomus 153
javensis, Megalaima 154
Jay, Azure 164
Jay, Beautiful 164
Jay. Dwarf 58
Jay. Lidth's 58
Jay, Sichuan 58
Jay, Tufted 164
Jay, White-throated 58
jayakari, Hemitragus 21
jayakari. Hippocampus 81
jayana, Lithasia 1 1 8
jayensis, Elliptio 255
jeanae, Kiwaia 252
jeanneae, Discoglossus 246
jeanneli, Elaphoidella 96
jeeba, Phasmodes 109
jeffersoni, Orconectes 94
jefferyi, Lepidochrysops 103
jejferyi, Pithecophaga 33
■jejfreysi, Bellamya 119
jemezanus, Notropis 202
jemlahicus, Hemitragus 21
jenkinsi, Percina 84
Jenkins ia 71
jenkinsii, Crocidura 6
jentinki, Cephalophus 21
jentinki, Sundasciurus 22
jerdoni, Aviceda 148
jerdoni, Garrulax 159
jerdoni, Paradoxurus 18
jerdoni, Saxicola 160
jeresae, Suboestophora 126
Jery, Wedge-tailed 159
jesseana, Libellula 107
jesswiseae, Jardinella 1 16
jewetti, Farula 255
Jewfish 82
jimenensis, Trochoidea 175
jobiensis, Rattus 145
joffrei, Pipistrellus 13
johannae, Coregonus 183
johannae, Tangara 163
johannis, Carduelis 56
johannis, Pleurobema 1 1 1
johnii, Trachypithecus 15
johnsoni, Pseudomys 144
johnstonei, Otomops 13
johnstoni, Galaxias 76
johnstoni, Genetta 195
johnstoni, Okapia 141
johnstoniae, Trichoglossus 41
johorensis, Chaerephon 139
Joiceya 103
Jokajdon 214
joilyi, Daphnia 90
jonesi, Elimia 117
jonesi, Hipposideros 136
jonesi, Orconectes 94
jonesi, Ptychobranchus 1 1 2
jonesianus, Mesodon 215
jonklaasi, Lepidocephalichthys 74
jonklaasi, Sicyopus 207
jonquillaceus, Aprosmictus 151
jophon, Atrophaneura 105
jordani, Mycteroperca 83
jordani, Papilio 105
josephi, Tyrrheniella 126
josephinae, Cysticus 213
josephinae, Hemitriccus 156
jouyi, Columba 180
jubata, Neochen 147
jubatus hecki, Acinonyx 223
jubatus venaticus, Acinonyx ITi
jubatus, Acerodon 8
jubatus, Acinonyx 16
jubatus, Eumetopias 17
jubatus, Rhynochetos il
jucunda, Bellamya 119
juddii, Achatinella 1 88
jugalis, Oreohelix 126
jugorum, Megalagrion 187
jugularis, Mormopterus 13
julianae, Amblysomus 5
7u/i(, Ampelita 1 20
julisia, Fundulus 80
jullieni, Probarbus 73
Jumprock, Bigeye 203
juncea, Achatinella 1 88
Junco, Guadalupe 55
Junco 55
juneae, Murunducaris 133
jungermanniae, Pasmaditta 216
Jungle-flycatcher, Brown-chested52
Jungle-flycatcher, Henna-tailed 160
Jungle-flycatcher, Russet-backed 1 60
Jungle-flycatcher, Slaty-backed52
Jungle-flycatcher, Streaky-breasted52
Jungle-flycatcher, White-browed52
Jungle-flycatcher, White-throated52
Junglefowl, Grey 149
junoniae, Columba 38
junori, Eleutherodactylus 67
Juscelinomys 24, 143
juvencus, Sundasciurus 22
juvenisanguis, Moitessieria 1 16
kaaeana, Partulina 213
kaapori, Cebus 15
kaboboensis, Apalis 1 98
kabylica, Myrmica 101
kachuga, Kachuga 64
Kachuga 64, 166, 200
Kadarsanomys 143
kaempferi, Hemitriccus 47
kaestneri, Grallaria 46
Kagu 37
kahularae, Hoplodactylus 165
kahuziensis, Dendromus 143
kailolae, Craterocephalus lAi
Kaiser-I-Hind 171
306
Kaiser-I-Hind, Golden 208
Kaka, New Zealand 41
Kaka, Norfolk Island 181
Kakapo 181
kalalauensis, Carelia 189
Kalania 251
kalawatseti, Oregonichthys 168
Kaliella 125
kalimna, Zonocypretta 97
kalinowskii, Dasyprocta 197
kalinowskii, Gracilinanus 193
kalinowskii, Mormopterus 13
kalinowskii, Nothoprocta 29
Kaluga 70
Kamao 51
kamtschaticus, Arctodiaptomus 91
kanabense, Oxyloma 128
kanawhae, Etheostoma 169
Kandar 74
Kangaroo, Eastern Grey 220
Kangaroo, Western Grey 220
Kangaroo-rat, Morro Bay 231
kapalgensis, Taphozous 10
Kapcypriodopsis 97
kaplani, Aloeides 102
kaplani, Poecilmitis 103
kaplani, Thestor 103
kaputarensis, Cralopa 214
karamojae, Apalis 49
karawajevi, Strongylognathus 102
karenae, Sphaerolana 97
kargesi, Streptocephalus 207
karkloof capensis, Charaxes 253
karlkoopmani, Chiropodomys 23
karlschmidtii, Eleutherodactylus 67
Karocolens 248
karokorum, Vespericola 215
kasaicus, Mus 25
kasneri, Scelotes 61
katalo, Puntius 74
Katapa-tapa 74
Katechonemertes 128
katherina, Acanthiza 1 32
Katolo 74
Katrana 243
Katria 86
Katydid, Antioch Dunes Shieldbackl87
Katydid, Big Pine Key Conehead 109
Katydid, Keys Short-winged Conehead
109
Katydid, Middlekaufs Shieldbackl09
Katydid, Nihoa Banza Conehead 109
Katydid, Remote Conehead 109
Katydid, Santa Monica Shieidbackl09
Kauai, Fabulous Green Sphinx of 186
kauaiensis, Nesomimesa 251
kauaiensis, Nesopupa 216
kauaiensis, Nesotocus 248
kaufmanni, Pseudoscaphirhynchus 70
Kawanphila 109
Kayasi, Dere 72
kazbegica, Sicista 197
kaznakovi, Vipera 62
Kea 152
keadicus, Leuciscus 72
keayi, Gallicolumba 39
Kedestes 252
Keelback, Boonsong's200
Keelback, Smith's Mountain 200
keiensis, Oligolepis 169
kelioides, Encheloclarias 76
kelleyi, Macronous 159
kelsoensis, Ammopelmatus 108
kelsoensis, Macrobaenetes 108
kemali, Hemigrammocapoeta 243
kempi, Pedostibes 66
kempii, Lepidochelys 63
kempseyensis, Rhophodon 214
A'^nfaa 256
KENKIIDAE 192,256
kentuckiensis, Orconectes 94
kenyacola, Chalinolobus 194
kenyoni, Phalacrocorax 198
Keppe, Leka 86
ten, Sericomis 132
Kerivoula 12, 138, 194
kermanensis, Microlus 25
icrri, Agrotis 186
kerriae, Crypturellus 29
kerschneri. Hauffenia 116
kershawi, Beddomeia 1 1 4
kervillei, Strongylognathus 102
kessleri, Gobio 202
kessleri, Neogobius 206
kessneri, Beddomeia 114
Kestrel, Lesser 33
Kestrel, Mauritius 34
Kestrel, Seychelles 33
ATerupa 42, 152
keyensis, Rhinolophus 1 1
fa'ang holdereri, Equus 242
fa'ang kiang, Equus 225
ii'ang polyodon, Equus 225
Kiang, Eastern 242
Kiang, Southern 225
Kiang, Western 225
kibalensis, Zoothera 242
Kidneyshell, Southern 112
Kidneyshell, Triangular 1 12
kieferi, Elaphoidella 96
kieferi, Stygodiaptomus 92
kieneri, Paretroplus 85
kieneri, Teramulus 205
kikuchii, Volemys 27
kikuzatoi, Opisthotropis 61
kiliani, Cheirodon 203
kilimensis, Tropodiaptomus 92
KJllifish 243
Kjllifish, Ash Meadows 184
Killifish, Caprivi 79
Killifish, Scaleless 205
Killifish, Waccamaw 80
kiloana, Spelaseorchestia 90
kilusa, Apaturopsis 253
Kimberleyeleotris 169
kimberleyensis, Barbus 71
kimberleyensis, Hypseleotris 169
kimberleyensis, Syncomistes 169
Kimboraga 122
Kimminsoperla 254
kinabaluensis, Spilomis 198
King-parrot, Moluccan 151
Kingbird, Giant 47
Kingfisher, Blue-black 154
Kingfisher, Blue-capped 44
Kingfisher, Blyth's44
Kingfisher, Brown-winged 153
Kingfisher, Chestnut-bellied 44
Kingfisher, Cinnamon-banded 154
Kingfisher, Indigo-banded 153
Kingfisher, Lazuli 44
Kingfisher, Mangaia44
Kingfisher, Marquesan 44
Kingfisher, Moustached44
Kingfisher, Philippine 44
Kingfisher, Rufous-lored44
Kingfisher, Ryukyu 246
Kingfisher, Silvery 44
Kingfisher, Sombre 154
Kingfisher, Spotted 153
Kingfisher, Talaud 154
Kingfisher, Tuamotu 44
kingi, Cylindrovertilla 245
kingsburyae, Aglaodiaptomus 91
Kinixys 166, 200
kinlochi, Aaadonta 214
KINOSTERNIDAE 64, 166
Kinostemon 64, 166
kintorei, Egernia 60
Kioea 181
kirbyi, Parantica 14A
kirki, Chytra 119
kinlandii, Dendroica 55
kishinouyei, Eumeces 165
kisserensis, Philemon 199
kissi, Tropodiaptomus 92
kitae, Neotrichia 254
kitaiwojimanum, Elasmias 120
kitcheneri, Pipistrellus 139
Kite, Jamaican 105
Kite, Red 242
Kite, Square-tailed 33
Kittiwake, Red-legged 38
Kiunga 78
kivuana, Crocidura 6
Kiwaia 252
Kiwi, Brown 29
Kiwi, Great Spotted 29
Kiwi, Little Spotted 29
Kiyi 77
kiyi, Coregonus 77
kiyokoae, Kondoraphe 212
klagesi, Myrmolherula 155
klagesi, Parides 208
klassika, Ideopsis 244
klatti, Tylognathus 203
klazenfurtensis, Graziana 116
kleinmanni, Testudo 65
kleinschmidti, Erythrura 57
kleinzellensis, Iglica 116
klemmi, Pseudamnicola 116
Klipfish, Bot River 87
Klipspringer 131
Klipspringer, Western 229
klossii, Hylobates 16
kluchorica, Sicista 197
kneri, Chondrostoma 202
Knipolegus 156
Knipowitschia 87, 206
knorri, Archachatina 213
knudseni, Carelia 189
307
Koa-finch. Greater 181
Koa-finch, Lesser 181
Koala 135
koarona, Ruatara 123
Kob 131
kob kob. Kobus 229
kob leucotis. Kobus 229
kob thomasi. Kobus 229
Kob, Buffon's 229
kob. Kobus 131
Kob. Uganda 229
Kob, White-eared 229
kobayashii. Eptesicus 194
kobelti. Cryptazeca 123
Kobus 130, 131. 141,229
kochi, Pitta 47
kocinus, Ramiheithrus 255
Kodkod 16
koepckeae, Cacicus 56
koepckeae. Phaethomis 153
Kogia 242
kohchangae. Rana 201
kohni. Conus 213
Kokako 58
KOKIRIIDAE 254
Kokopu, Giant 76
Kokopu, Shortjawed 76
kollari. Synallaxis 45
kolleruensis, Heliodiaptomus 92
komadori. Erilhacus 158
Komarekiona 109
KOMAREKIONIDAE 109
komenskyi. Belgrandiella 211
komodoensis. Varanus 61
Komodomys 24
A:omJ, Chloridops 181
kondana, Millardia 25
Kondoa 217
Kondoconcha 123
kondoi. Paramiella 212
Kondoraphe 212
kondorum. Hongolua 217
kondorum. Kondoa 217
Konia 85
Konye 85
Kookaburra, Shovel-billed 198
koolanensis. Kimboraga 122
koopmani. Ratlus 145
kooringensis. Glyplorhagada 122
koratense. Lygosoma 200
koreanus. Strongylognalhus 102
kororensis. Semperdon 214
Korrigum 228
koslowi, Babax 158
koslowi. Emberiza 162
koslowi. Ochotona 28
kosswigi. Turcinemacheilus 203
Kosswigichthys 205
kosteri. Tryonia 212
Kotso 85
Kotsovato 85
kottae. Tilapia 86
kottelati. Tondanichthys 81
Kouprey 20
Kowari 3
kozlovi. Salpingolus 143
kozlovi. Sorex 1
kraemeri, Spilocuscus 241
krameri. Umbra 76
kratochvilli. Strongylognalhus 102
kraussei, Epimyrma 100
krefftii. Lasiorhinus 4
kreitneri, Fenouilia 1 1 8
kretseri. Malpulutta 132
krishnai, Horaglanis 76
kronei, Phylloscartes 47
kronei, Pimelodella 204
krueperi devta. Pieris 253
krumholzi, Gambusia 80
kruyti. Adrianichthys 80
krybetes. Beddomeia 114
kubaryi. Palaina 210
kubaryi. Corvus 58
kubaryi. Gallicolumba 39
kubaryi. Kubaryiellus 1\A
Kubaryia 210
Kubaryiellus 214
kubokaiya, Macromia 106
A:uda, Hippocampus 81
Kudu, Greater 131
Kudu, Lesser 131
kuehni. Myzomela 199
kuehni, Zosterops 162
kuekenthali. Parantica 104
kuesteri. Trochomorpha 217
iuft/i, Aai/j 20
tuWi, Callithrix 241
^uA/w 244
kuhlii. Vini 41
KUHLIIDAE 244
kuhlmanni. Liolaemus 199
kuhni. Liberiictis 17
kuhnsi. Perdicella 213
kulalensis, Zosterops 54
Kulan 225
Kulan, Gobi 225
Kulan, North Mongolian 225
Kultarr 193
Kululu 86
kummerloewei. Hemidiaptomus 207
kunigamiensis. Oligoaeschna 106
jtunii, Monodelphis 3
Kunsia 24
^upea 253
kupeensis. Telophorus 49
Kupeomis 51, 159
kurodai, Nobuea 210
jfewroivvae, Goniosaurus 59
Kusaiea 215
kusaieana, Sinployea 214
kuschei, Nesosydne 251
kusnotoi. Megaerops 9
kutikina. Phrantela 116
kutteri, Chalepoxenus 100
kulteri. Doronomyrmex 100
kutteri, Teleutomyrmex 102
Kyidris 100
labeamajor. Probarbus 203
labeaminor. Probarbus 203
Labeo, Green 72
Lafceo 72
labialis, Austrelaps 61
labialis, Delma 60
Labidura 99
308
LABIDURIDAE 99
labiosa, Paratherina 78
labiosus. Cyprinodon 79
labordi, Furcifer 59
labradorius, Camptorhynchus 179
LABRIDAE 87
labridens, Cichlasoma 85
Labrochromis 184
labrusca. Partula 191
Lacconectus 248, 249
Lacconectus 248, 249
laccophiloides. Lacconectus 249
Lace-lid, Australian 66
lacera. Lagochila 183
lacemulata. Leucoptemis 33
Lacerta 60, 165, 200, 234, 243
LACERTIDAE 60, 165, 200, 234, 243, 246
lacertosa. Woodfordia 161
lacheineri, Graziana 244
lachneri, Noturus 75
Lachnolaimus 87
laciniosa. Actinella 215
lacon. Euploea 104
lactea. Polioptila 160
lacus-coerulei, Tasmanophlebia 99
lacustra. Capnia 254
Lacustrelix 173
lacustris. Craterocephalus 78
lacustris. Melanotaenia 78
lacustris, Paranaspides 90
lacustris, Symolopsis 119
lacustris, Taskropsyche 254
ladigesi. Telmatherina 79
Ladigesocypris 72
Ladronellum 214
Laephotis 12, 138
/ae/o, Elimia 117
laetissima, Pseudocampylaea 190
laevigata. Georissa 209
laevigata. Leiostyla 127
laevigata. Omphalotropis 210
laeviusculus, Oclandius 248
lafresnayanus. Gallirallus 36
lagdeni. Malaconotus 157
Lagenodelphis 195
Lagenorhynchus 195, 242
Lagidium 145
lagniappe. Procambarus 95
Lagocephalus 207
Lagochila 183
LAGOMORPHA 28, 146, 179, 197,233,
242
Lagonosticta 163
Lagorchestes 4, 135, 177, 219, 220
Lagostrophus 4, 220
Lagothrix 15,222,241
lagotis. Macrotis 4
lagotricha cana, Lagothrix 222
lagolricha lugens. Lagothrix 222
lagotricha poeppigii. Lagothrix 222
lagotricha. Lagothrix 241
laidlawi, Epiophlebia 106
/ail, Neodiaptomus 92
lakedownensis. Leggadina 143
Lalage 157
Lama 226
Lamb is 212
I
I
lamellata, Diplommatina 210
lamellicosta, Taheitia 212
Lamellidea 120, 188,213
lamellosa, Leiostyla 191
Laminella 121
laminirostris, Andigena 1 54
lamlanensis, Himeroconcha 214
Lamna 69
LAMNIDAE 69
Lamnifera 123
LAMNIFORMES 69
lamonei, Hipposideros 194
lamottei, Micropotamogale 5
Lamottemys 24
Lampadia 125
Lampedusa 123
Lampetra 167, 183, 201, 246
Lampmussel, Alabama 1 1 1
Lampmussel, Yellow 1 1 1
lampra, Myrmica 101
Lamprey, Brook 167
Lamprey, Carpathian Brook 167
Lamprey, Greek Brook 69
Lamprey, Kern Brook 1 67
Lamprey, Lake 201
Lamprey, Lombardy Brook 69
Lamprey, Miller Lake 183
Lamprey, Non-parasitic 69
Lamprey, Pacific 246
Lamprey, River 167
Lamprey, Ukranian Brook 201
Lamprey, Vladykov's 167
Lamprocystis 124,215
lamproides, Tasmaphena 127
Lamprolia 51
lampropeltis lampropeltis,
Erpetogomphus 238
lampropeltis, Erpetogomphus 244
Lamprophis 61, 165
Lamprotomis 164
Lampsilis 1 1 1, 172, 238, 255
LAMPYRIDAE 249
lanaiensis, Drosophila 185
lanaiensis, Myadestes 51
lanaiensis, Oliarus 251
lananensis, Fusconaia 172
lanaoensis, Puntius 74
lanatus, Caluromys 135
Lance, Altamaha 172
Lance, Yellow 172
Lancehead, Golden 62
lancelini, Ctenotus 60
lanceolata, Elliptio 172
lanceolata, Micromonacha 154
lanceolatus, Epinephelus 82
lanceolatus, Potamonectes 249
lanceolatus, Spizaetus 148
lancifer, Pegasus 205
langbianis. Crocias 50
langei, Hyla 201
langei, Onchobarus 248
langfordi, Partula 127
langi, Pseudocordylus 165
langstoni langstoni, Shijimiaeoides252
Langur, Golden 194
Laniarius 48, 157
laniger, Antechinomys 193
laniger, Avahi 241
laniger, Dryomys 145
lanigera. Chinchilla 28
LANIIDAE 48, 157
Laniisoma 46, 246
lanio, Meladema 98
lanioides, Lipaugus 46
Lanistes 113, 114, 173,210
Lanius 48, 157
lankae, Labeo 72
lanosa, Crocidura 241
Lantzia 113
lanuginosa, Pheidole 101
lanyoni, Phylloscartes 47
lanzai, Salamandra 69
laotum, Trachypithecus 194
laperouse, Megapodius 34
lapicida, Mordacia 201
lapponicus disjunctus, Dytiscus 248
Lapwing, Grey-headed 150
Lapwing, Javanese 180
Lapwing, Sociable 37
/ar, Hylobates 140
Larga, Cachorrito de Dorsal 80
Largemouth, Lowveld 132
Largemouth, Orange-fringed 84
laricis, Oecanthus 108
LARIDAE 38, 131, 150, 180
Larisi-us 22, 142
Lark, Archer's 48
Lark, Ash's 48
Lark, Botha's 48
Lark, Degodi 48
Lark, Friedmann's 157
Lark, Obbia 157
Lark, Raso 47
Lark, Red 47
Lark, Rudd's 48
Lark, Sclater's 157
Lark, Short-clawed 157
Lark, Sidamo 48
Lark, Williams's 157
larselli, Plethodon 201
Larus 38, 131, 150
larvata, Sabanjewia 168
larvatus, Nasalis 15
laseroni, Georissa 1 1 2
LASIOCAMPIDAE 102, 208
Lasiopodomys 143
lasiopterus, Nyctalus 138
Lasiorhinus 4
Lasiurus 12, 138, 245
lasius, Bassaricyon 17
Lasius 100
Lasmigona 111, 172,238
lata, Hemistena 1 1 1
latastei, Rana 167
latens, Spirorbula 125
lateralis , Petrogale 220
lateralis euryxanthus, Masticophis 246
lateralis hacketti, Petrogale 220
lateralis lateralis, Petrogale 220
lateralis pearsoni, Petrogale 220
lateralis wortmanni, Spermophilus 23 1
lateralis, Characodon 80
lateralis, Diplommatina 210
lateralis, Petrogale 241
lateralis, Rheocles 205
Laterallus 36, 149
laternarius, Pegasus 81
latesignata obliviosa, Cicindela 248
lathami, Calyptorhynchus 40
Lathamus 41
Lathrotriccus 47
Latiaxis 173
Laticauda 62
laticincta, Platysteira 52
lalicosta, Omphalotropis 210
latidens, Anoura 137
Latidens 9
latifasciata, Astatotilapia 84
latifasciata, Euploea 244
latifasciatus, Cyprinodon 183
latifii, Vipera 62
latifolius, Phyllostomus 137
latifrons, Microhierax 149
latifrons, Mugilogobius 87
latilabris, Omphalotropis 210
latimaculata, Rhinocypha 106
Latimeria 88
LATIMERIIDAE 88
latipes, Acanthomyops 99
latipes, Borbonibis 179
latipleurum, Procambarus 95
latipunctata, Poecilia 80
latirostris, Calyptorhynchus 40
latissimus, Dytiscus 98
latistriata, Stachyris 52
latona, Crocidura 6
/a/05 concavus, Empetrichthys 247
/aro5 /aIo.s, Empetrichthys 247
latos pahrump, Empetrichthys 247
Latoucheomis 162
/arro, Birgus 207
/a/TO, Ctenomys 145
laucaensis, Orestias 168
laucaensis, Trichomycterus 168
laudabilis. Icterus 163
Laughingthrush, Ashy-headed 50
Laughingthrush, Barred 159
Laughingthrush, Black-hooded 50
Laughingthrush, Brown-capped 198
Laughingthrush. Chestnut-backed 159
Laughingthrush, Collared 50
Laughingthrush, Grey 159
Laughingthrush, Grey-breasted 159
Laughingthrush, Red-tailed 159
Laughingthrush, Red-winged 159
Laughingthrush, Rufous-breasted 159
Laughingthrush, Rufous-fronted 159
Laughingthrush, Snowy-cheekedSO
Laughingthrush, Spot-breasted 159
Laughingthrush, Striped 159
Laughingthrush, White-speckledSO
Laughingthrush, Wynaad 159
Laughingthrush, Yellow-throated 159
launcestonensis, Anoglypta 123
launcestonensis, Beddomeia 1 14
laurae, Myrmica 101
Lauria 127
laurina, Ningbingia 122
laurinea, Leiostyla 133
lavali, Thyroptera 11
lavaretus, Coregonus 204
309
Lavigera 119
lawrencei, Cordylus 165
layardi, Megapodius 34
layardi, Ptilinopus 151
layardii, Mesoplodon 196
laysanensis, Agrotis 186
laysanensis, Anas 32
laysanensis, Hedylepta 186
laysanensis, Hypena 1 86
laysanensis, Oedemasylus 185
lazuli, Todirhamphus 44
leacockiana, Discula 124
leadbeateri, Cacatua 152
leadbeateri, Gymnobelideus 5
Leaf-warbler, Hainan 51
Leaf-warbler, Ijima's51
Leaf-warbler, San Cristobal 160
Leaf-warbler, Sombre 5 1
Leaf-warbler, Tytler's 160
Leafbird, Blue-masked 157
Leafbird, Philippine 48
Leafhopper, Red-veined Prairie251
Leafshell 187
Leafshell, Cumberland 187
Leafwing, Andaman 253
Leafwing, Rorida 253
leahi, Cenophantis 186
leahi, Nesosydne 251
leai cheatumi, Stenotrema 239
leander, Anolomys 23
leari, Anodorhynchus 40
Leatherback 63
leche kafuensis, Kobus 229
leche leche, Kobus 229
leche robertsi, Kobus 229
leche smithemani, Kobus 229
leche, Kobus 131
Lechriodus 167
Lechwe 131
Lechwe, Black 229
Lechwe, Kafue 229
Lechwe, Nile 141
Lechwe, Red 229
Lechwe, Roberts' 229
ledanli, Sitta 53
Lednia 254
Leech, Medicinal 171
leechi, Chaetarthria 249
leechi, Hydroporus 248
lefevrei, Dysnomia 187
lefkodemonaki, Niphargobates 90
legatus, Diplothrix 143
legendrei, Ratsirakia 244
Leggadina 143
leguati, Aphanapteryx 1 80
Leguminaia 255
lehuiensis, Achatinella 188
leichhardti, Scleropages 167
Leimacomys 24
Leiocephalus 182
LEIODIDAE 99
Leiolopisma 60, 182
Leiopelma 66, 167,243
LEIOPELMATIDAE 66, 167, 243
leiopomus, Coitus 82
Leiopotherapon 168, 169
Leiostyla 245
Leiostyla 127, 133, 191,216,245
Leipoa 34
leisleri, Nyctalus 138
leitheuseri, Procambarus 95
leithii, Aspideretes 166
lekaguli, Hipposideros 136
lemasnei, Myrmica 101
lembeyei, Polioptila 160
Lemiox 1 1 1
lemkei, Rhizoplagiodonlia 179
lemmeri, Lithophane 253
Lemming, Kansas Bog 233
Lemming, Nebraska Bog 233
Lemming, Ogilvie Mountains Collared
197
Lemming, St. Lawrence Island Collared
197
Lemming, Umnak Island Collared 232
Lemming, Unalaska Island Collared232
lemmingii, Rutilus 74
lemniscatus, Liolaemus 199
Lemniscia 125, 133,215
Lemniscomys 24, 143, 197
lemosi, Cypseloides 43
Lemur, Alaotran Gentle 220
Lemur, Black 13,220
Lemur, Broad-nosed Gentle 14
Lemur, Brown 241
Lemur, Collared 220
Lemur, Crowned 1 3
Lemur, Flying 8
Lemur, Fork-marked 139
Lemur, Golden Bamboo 14
Lemur, Greater Sportive 241
Lemur, Grey Gentle 241
Lemur, Grey-backed Sportive 14
Lemur, Hairy -eared Dwarf 13
Lemur, Light-necked Sportive241
Lemur, Mayotte 245
Lemur, Milne-Edwards' Sportive 241
Lemur, Mongoose 13
Lemur, Northern Sportive 14
lemur, Peltophryne 66
Lemur, Red-bellied 14
Lemur, Red-fronted 241
Lemur, Red-tailed Sportive 241
Lemur, Ring-tailed 14
Lemur, Ruffed 14
Lemur, Sanford's 220
Lemur, Sclater's 220
Lemur, Western Gentle 220
Lemur, White-collared 220
Lemur, White-footed Sportive241
Lemur, White-fronted 241
Lemur, White-rumped Black 15
Lemur, Woolly 241
Lemur 14
LEMURIDAE 13,220,241,245
lemurinus griseimembra. Actus 221
lemurinus lemurinus, Aotus 221
lemurinus, Aotus 14
lemuroides, Hemibelideus 135
lendi, Nemacheilus 203
lendu, Muscicapa 51
lenior, Dysnomia 187
lenior, Epioblasma 110
Lenoxus 143
lenticula, Percina 84
310
lentiginosus, Craterocephalus 168
Lentipes 87, 206
leo persica, Panthera 223
leo, Antechinus 1 35
leo, Panthera 16
leonard montana, Hesperia 252
leonardi, Anomochilus 200
leonardi, Austrocordulia 106
leonensis, Afrithelphusa 95
leonina, Peripatopsis 187
leoninum, Argiagrion 106
leontica, Prinia 52
Leontopithecus 14
Leopard, Amur 223
Leopard, Anatolian 224
Leopard, Clouded 16
Leopard, Javan 223
Leopard, North African 223
Leopard, North Chinese 223
Leopard, North Persian 223
Leopard, Snow 16
Leopard, South Arabian 223
Leopard, Sri Lankan 223
leopardina, Helicarion 125
leopardinus. Liolaemus 199
Leopardus 140, 223, 241
Leopoldamys 24
leopoldi, Catostomus 75
leopoldvillensis, Bellamya 120
lepida intermedia, Neotoma 233
lepida, Leptachatina 121
lepida, Marmtssa 135
Lepidoblepharis 59
Lepidocephalichthys 14
Lepidochelys 63
Lepidochrysops 252
Lepidochrysops 103, 170, 186,252
Lepidodactylus 59
Lepidogalaxias 168
LEPIDOGALAXIIDAE 168
Lepidomeda 72, 183, 246
LEPIDOPTERA 102, 170, 186, 208, 237,
244, 252
Lepidopyga 43
Lepidostoma 254
LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE 254
lepidothorax, Schizothorax 74
Lepidurus 97
lepidus, Natalus 137
Lepilemur 14, 241
Lepomis 247
LEPORIDAE 28, 146, 197, 234, 242
leporides, Lagorchestes 177
Leporillus 24, 178
leprosa, Canariella 133
Leptachatina 121
Leptailurus lli
leptalea, Helenoconcha 189
Leptasthenura 45, 155
Leptaxis 125, 239
LEPTESTHERIIDAE 92
Leptichnus 215
Leptinaria 175
Leptobotia 203
Leptocaris 96
LEPTOCERIDAE 187,254
leptoceros, Gazella 21
t
leptochila, Partula 191
LEPTODACTYLIDAE 66. 201, 243
Leptodactylus 201
Leptodea 172
leplodemas, Megalagrion 106
leplodon, Leptodea \11
Leplogomphus 107
Leptogryllus 187
Leptomys 24
LEPTONETIDAE 207
Leptonycteris II
Leptopelis 66
Leptoperla 109
Leptopoecile 159
Leptoptilos 31
leptorhynchus, Enicognathus 152
Leptosittaca 41
leptosomus, Brachypteracias 44
leptostictus, Caseolus 133
leptosus, Pseudomyrmex 101
leptotera, Trochogyra 214
Leptothorax 100
Leptotila 39, 151
Leptoxis 118, 188
lepturus, Habromys 143
LepHi 28, 146, 197,242
Lepyrium 116
Lerista, Allan's 60
Lerista, Mount Cooper Striped 60
Lerista 60
lermaense, Ambystoma 68
leroyi fasciata, Pseudoglessula 240
lervia omatus, Ammotragus 245
lervia, Ammotragus 20
leseuri, Myotis 12
lesliei, Cambarellus 93
LESTIDAE 107
Lestodelphys 3
lesueur graii, Bettongia 219
lesueur lesueur, Bettongia 219
lesueur, Bettongia 4
lesueuri, Litoria 243
letha, Austroassiminea 114
Lethe 253
Lef/ie 253
Lethenteron 69
letholepis, Poblana 78
letitiae, Popelairia 198
letnica, Salmo 11
Leto 252
Letomola 214
letoumeuxi, Valencia 80
lettiensis, Solegnathus 82
leucas, Delphinapterus 18
Leucaspius 202
Leuchocharis 126
leucichthys leucichthys, Stenodus 236
leucichthys, Stenodus 204
leucippe, Callithrix 14
Leuciscus 243
Leuciscus 72, 167, 183, 202
leucocephala, Amazona 151
leucocephala, Mycteria 147
leucocephala, Oxyura "il
leucocephalus, Aceros 44
leucocephalus, Tachyeres 147
Leucocharis 190
leucochrysella, Coleophora 186
Leucocythere 98
leucodon, Nannospalax 25
leucodon, Spalax 27
leucogaster durranti, Onchomys 233
leucogaster durranti, Onychomys 233
leucogaster, Cephalophus 141
leucogaster. Sorex 1
leucogastra. Dendrocitta 164
leucogenis. Pyrrhula 163
leucogenys, Cichlopsis 158
leucogenys, Hylobates 195
leucogeranus, Grus 36
leucognaphalus, Corvus 58
leucogrammica, Ptilocichla 160
leucolaemus, Odontophorus 149
leucolepis, Phyllastrephus 48
Leucopeza 56
leucophaeus leucophaeus, Mandrillus
111
leucophaeus mundamensis, Mandrillus
111
leucophaeus poensis, Mandrillus 111
leucophaeus, Collocalia 43
leucophaeus, Hippotragus 178
leucophaeus, Mandrillus 15
leucophaeus, Speirops 53
leucophthalmus, Larus 38
leucopis, Attapetes 162
leucopogonis, Ceriferella 251
Leucopsar 57
leucoptera, Henicorhina 158
leucoptera, Prosobonia 180
Leucoptemis 33, 148
leucopterus, Dendrocopos 154
leucopterus, Platysmurus 164
leucopterus, Pteropus 9
leucopterus, Serinus 163
leucopus ammodytes, Peromyscus 233
leucopus, Lepilemur 241
leucopus, Saguinus 14
leucopus, Sminthopsis 193
leucoraphe, Bridouxiana 1 1 9
leucorrhaphe, Achatinella 120
Leucorrhinia 238, 244
leucoryphus, Haliaeetus 33
leucoryphus, Platyrinchus 47
leucoryx. Oryx 21
leucospila, Rallina 198
leucostephes, Melidectes 162
Leucosticte 199
leucotaenia, Papilio 105
leucothoe, Partula 111
leucotis, Acerodon 8
Leuctra 254
LEUCTRIDAE 254
leucura, Macrotis 177
leucurus, Monarcha 159
leukops, Rheodytes 62
leuraensis, Eulamprus 60
leuserssp., Bettongia 219
levassori, Graphium 105
levilineata, Partula 191
levipes, Oryzomys 144
/evii, Dupontia 124
levistriata, Partula 191
levraudi. Laterallus 36
Levuarm 187
Lewinia 36
lewisi, Prodontria 99
lewisii, Epioblasma 110
lewisii, Gyrotoma 117
lewisii?, Dysnomia 187
lewyana, Podocnemis 65
Lexingtonia 111, 172
leytensis, Ceoemyda 64
leytensis, Micromacronus 51
Iherminieri, Cichlherminia 158
Ihoesti, Cercopithecus 140
Ihuysii, Lophophorus 35
Liardetia 124, 215
LIAREIDAE 212
Libellula 107
LIBELLULIDAE 107, 187, 208, 238, 244
Libellulosoma 106
Li6cra 189
liberatus, Laniarius 48
liberiana, Bellamya 120
liberiensis heslopi, Hexaprotodon lib
liberiensis, Brachythemis 107
liberiensis, Hexaprotodon 20
Liberiictis 17
Libythea 186
LIBYTHEIDAE 186
/(c/ta, Dalatias 69
lichenifer, Gymnopholus 98
lichenigera, Oligosoma 61
Lichenostomus 132, 162
Lichmera 162, 199
Lichnanthe 250
lichtensteinii, Alcelaphus 130
/W//zi, Garrulus 58
/('emi, Taudactylus 67
lievreana, Westraltrachia \11
ligata, Leptoxis 1 1 8
lignaria, Paryphanta 216
Ligumia Ml
lihue, Oliarus 251
Wa, Achatinella 120
lilfordi, Podarcis 60
LILJEBORGIIDAE 90
lilliae, Lepidopyga 43
Lilliput, Pale 255
Lilliput, Purple 255
Lilliput, Savannah 255
//ma, Fundulus 243
//ma, Lithasia 1 1 8
LIMACIDAE 175,215
limae, Picumnus 45
lirrmtula, Nesopupa 216
limbata albissima, Cicindela 248
limbatus, Carcharhinus 69
limbatus, Rhantus 249
LIMNADIIDAE 92
Limnebius 249
LIMNEPHILIDAE 255
Limnephilus 255
Limnocythere 98
LIMNOCYTHERIDAE 98
Limnodromus 150
Limnogale 5
Limnomis 155
Limnotrochus 119
Lirrwsa 150
311
Limpet, Australian Freshwater 1 13
Limpet, Eelgrass 187
LIMULIDAE 171,209
Limulus 171
lindberghi, Akodon 23
Linderiella, California 169
Under iella 169
LINDERIELLIDAE 91, 169
Lindog 74
lindog, Puntius 74
lindsayi, Actenoides 153
linearis, Macrancylus 185
lineata pinguicolla, Tympanocryptis
234
lineata, Mogurnda 244
lineata, Paratherina 78
lineata, Rhyacophila 255
lineata, Stenopsychodes 255
lineatus, Acanthiops 60
lineifrons, Grallaricula 155
lineolata euzieriana, Macrogastra 239
lineolata, EUipsaria 172
lineolata, Moitessieria 173
lineolatus, Hacrochlamys 124
lineoiatus, Oxychilus 128
Linh-duong 22
linnellii, Sarotherodon 86
Linnet, Warsangli 56
linophora, Harmogenanirm 190
Linsang, Leighton's 224
lintneri, Williamsonia 106
lintoni, Myiophobus 156
LINYPHIIDAE 88
Liobagrus 76
liocephalus, Calotes 59
Liocichla, Omei Shan 51
Liocichla 51
Liocypris 185
Liolaemus 60, 199
Liomys 142
Lion 16
Lion, Asiatic 223
Lion, Australian Sea 242
Lion, Galapagos Sea 224
Lion, Hooker's Sea 17
Lion, Steller's Sea 17
Liophis 61
Lioplax, Cylindrical 120
Lioplax 120
Lioptilus 159
liorus liorus, Chasmistes 246
liorus mictus, Chasmistes 246
Liosaccus 88
Liparia 71
liparozona, Marginella 213
Lipaugus 46
Lipochromis 85, 184
Lipotes 19
/ira, Antrolana 97
/i>a(a, Carelia 189
lirata, Leptoxis 1 1 8
lirata, Newcombia 121
liratus, Amphicyclotulus 117
Lirceus 97
Lissemys 200
Lissodelphis 195, 242
listeri, Lepidodactylus 59
lithaca, Branchinella 91
Lithasia 118
Lilhoglyphus 188
lithognathus, Lithognatus 132
Lithognatus 132
Lithophane 253
Litocranius 131
litoralis, Nesopupa 216
Z,(7on<2 66, 166, 235, 243
Litthabilella 116
littoralis, Formicivora 46
litloralis, Lepidochrysops 103
littoralis, Urocyon 129
Littoraria 188
Littoridina 188
littorina, Hirthia 119
LITTORINIDIDAE 188
/i'mj, Chaetodon 84
liventer, Butastur 148
//vrt/fl, Achalinella 1 88
/iViVfa, Be/ra 88
lividus, Carunculina 255
lividus, Haplochromis 184
livingstonii, Pteropus 9
Lfea 86
Lizard, Abbott's Crested 199
Lizard, Armadillo Girdled 59
Lizard, Beaded 59
Lizard, Black Legless 246
Lizard, Blunt-nosed Leopard 60
Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe-toed60
Lizard, Filfola 246
Lizard, Giant Girdled 59
Lizard, Hierro Giant 60
Lizard, Iberian Rock 243
Lizard, Ibiza Wall 60
Lizard, Island Night 61
Lizard, Lang's Crag 165
Lizard, Lawrence's Girdled 165
Lizard, Lilford's Wall 60
Lizard, McLachlan's Girdled 59
Lizard, Namaqua Plated 165
Lizard, Panamint Alligator 59
Lizard, Sail-fin 199
Lizard, Saint Croix Ground 61
Lizard, San Diego Horned 246
Lizard, Southern Rock 243
Lizard, Soutpansberg Flat 165
Lizard, Soutpansberg Rock 165
Lizard, Spineless Forest 59
Lizard, Spiny Crag 165
Lizard, Striped Legless 60
Lizard, Tennent's Leaf-nosed59
lizardensis, Theskelomensor 256
llaneae, Megalurulus 198
Loach, Balkan 203
Loach, Banded Mountain 132
Loach, Goldside 203
Loach, Italian 168
Loach, Romanian 203
Loach, Spotted 74
lobata, Campephaga 48
lobata, Tadarida 13
Lobaunia 116
lobipennis, Pseudopsectra 254
Lobo, Bagre 203
Loboparadisea 199
Lobster, Giant Tasmanian 95
locardi. Moitessieria 116
lodderae, Beddomeia 114
Loddigesia 43
Lodero, Cachonito 79
loewensteini, Lepidochrysops 103
Loggerhead 62
Logperch, Blotchside 84
Logperch, Conasauga 84
Logperch, Roanoke 84
lohbergeri, Sarotherodon 86
lomii, Typhlosaurus 61
Lonchophylla 1 1
Lonchorhina 11, 1 37
Lonchura 57, 163
Longbill, Pulitzer's 51
Longclaw, Abyssinian 157
Longclaw, Grimwood's 157
Longclaw, Sharpe's 157
longianalis, Bedotia 204
longiantenna, Branchinecta 91
longicauda, Embemagra 162
longicaudata, Microgale 241
longicaudatus, Hapalomys 143
longicaudatus, Myosorex 7
longicaudatus, Notomys 178
longicaudatus, Spelaeornis 52
longicaudis longicaudis, Lutra 245
longicaudis, Gracilirmnus 193
longicaudus bernardinus, Microtus Til
longicaudus coronarius, Microtus 232
longicaudus leucophaeus, Microtus 232
Longicorn, Cerambyx 98
Longicorn, Rosalia 98
longicomis, Otus 42
longidorsalis. Cyprinodon 183
longimembris bangsi, Perognathus 232
longimembris brevinasus, Perognathus
232
longimembris intemationalis,
Perognathus 232
longimembris pacificus, Perognathus
Til
longimembris, Perognathus 23
longipennis, Neduba 109
longipes, Canthocamptus 96
longipes, Crocidura 6
longipes, Ingolfiella 90
longipes, Myotis 194
longipes, Nesosydne 251
longipes, Potorous 4
longipes, Stygobromus 89
longipes, Tupaia 8
longipes, Xenicus 1 8 1
longipinnis, Acheilognathus 71
longipinnis, Garra 72
longirostra, Rukia 161
longirostris, Dasyomis 50
longirostris, Eumeces 60
longirostris. Hippocampus 81
longirostris, Prognathochromis 184
longirostris, Stenella 129
longirostris, Turdoides 160
longispinis, Gambusia 80
longistyla, Congothemis 208
Longwing, Natterer's 104
loochoensis, Pteropus 177
lopesi, Megalobulimus 126
312
lopezi, Hampala 72
LOPHIIFORMES 78
Lophocebus 140, 222
Lophoictinia 33
Lophophorus 35
Lophopsittacus 181
Lophomis 43, 153
Lophotibis 147
Lophozosterops 161
Lophura 35, 149
Lophuromys 143, 197
lophurus, Pipistrellus 194
lorata, Achatinella 120
lorenzi, Phyllastrephus 157
lorenzmuelleri, Liolaemus 199
lorica, Litoria 66
loricata, Grallaricula 155
loricatus, Monarcha 159
Loriculus 41, 152
LORIDAE 14, 139
Lorikeet, Blue 41
Lorikeet, Blue-fronted 40
Lorikeet, Duchess 152
Lorikeet, Henderson 42
Lorikeet, Iris 41
Lorikeet, Kuhl's 41
Lorikeet, Mindanao 41
Lorikeet, New Caledonian 40
Lorikeet, Palm 152
Lorikeet, Red-throated 40
Lorikeet, Su-iated 152
Lorikeet, Ultramarine 42
Loris, Pygmy 14
Loris, Slender 14
Loris 14
Lorius 41, 152
lomae lomae, Gulella 239
lomae major, Gulella 240
Lory, Black-winged 40
Lory, Blue-eared 152
Lory, Blue-streaked 152
Lory, Chattering 41
Lory, Purple-naped 41
Lory, Red-and-blue 40
Lory, White-naped 152
lotana, Lepidochrysops 103
Lottia 187
LOTTIDAE 187
Louisea 96
louisiadensis, Cracticus 199
louisianensis, Onychodiaptomus 207
Louse, Pygmy Hog Sucking 98
lovati, Dendromus 143
Lovebird, Black-cheeked 39
Lovebird, Fischer's 151
Lovenula 92
loveridgei, Nectarinia 161
lowei, Gerbillus 24
lowei, Sheppardia 52
loweii, Pseudocampylaea 190
loweryi, Xenoglaux 153
Loxia 199
Loxioides 56
Loxodonta 19
Loxops 56
loyaltiensis, Leucocharis 190
lubomirskii, Pipreola 156
Lucania 80
LUCANIDAE 99, 170,249
luchti, Atrophaneura 105
Luchuena 215
luciae, Amazilia 43
luciae, Liza 86
luciae, Megalomys 178
luciana, Urothemis 209
lucidus, Hemigimthus 56
lucidus, Polyergus 101
lucifer, Acerodon 1 77
lucifer, Hemisaga 109
Lucifuga 11
lucifugus alachua, Procambarus 237
lucifugus lucifugus, Procambarus Til
lucifugus, Stygobromus 185
lucina, Crocidura 6
Luciogobius 206
lucionensis, Tanygnalhus 41
lucius, Ptychocheilus 73
luckmanii, Planilaoma 214
luconensis, Prioniturus 41
lucumontis, Leuciscus 167
/u^ia, Crocidura 6
ludlowi, Bhutanitis 105
ludoviciae, Turdus 53
ludovicianus arizonensis, Cynomys 230
ludwigi, Gulella 216
Luehdorfia, Chinese 208
Luehdorfia, Japanese 171
Luehdorfia 171,208
lugens, Haplophaedia 153
lugens, Petinomys 142
lugubris, Formica 170
luhuana, Mandarirm 214
luismanueli, Anoura 194
luizae, Asthenes 45
lukolelae, Malacomys 143
lullulae, Phalanger 241
/u/«a, lolaus 103
lumachellus, Augastes 153
lumbee, Semotilus 203
lumholtzi, Deiuirolagus 135
lumholtzi, Eodiaptomus 92
Luna, Cachorrito de Media 79
lunaris, Dirce 252
lunata, Onychogalea 177
lunatus jimela, Damaliscus 228
lunatus korrigum, Damaliscus 228
lurmlus lunatus, Damaliscus 228
lunatus tiang, Damaliscus 228
lunatus topi, Damaliscus 228
lunatus, Damaliscus 130
lundbergi, Prietella 75
lunulatus, Garrulax 159
Lupine, San Francisco Tree 254
/«p«j , Canw 223
lupus, Canis 241
lupus, Ictalurus 203
luschani, Mertensiella 68
luscinia, Acrocephalus 49
Luscinia 51, 159
lusitanica, Chioglossa 68
lusitanica, Platyla 1 1 3
lusitanicum, Chondrostoma 71
lutaria, Brazieria 217
/uKo, Diplommatina 210
/urea, Partula 191
luteirostris, Zosterops 54
luteocephala, Sicalis 163
luteofusca, Cupedora 173
luteoschistaceus, Accipiter 148
luteovinctum, Etheostoma 169
luteoviridis, Pselliophorus 55
lutescens, Aloeides 102
luteus, Eolagurus 131
Lutilodix 125
LUTJANIDAE 84
Lutjanus 84
LUTODRILIDAE 172
Lutodrilus 172
lulosus, Polyborus 179
/uira /urra, Z-urra 245
Lurra 17, 245
lutreola, Mustela 17
lutreolina, Mustela 17
lutzae, Liolaemus 199
/urzi, Thoropa 67
/«rz(!, Paratelmatobius 67
luxatus, Deltistes 75
luzonensis, Archboldomys 23
luzonensis, Mistichthys 132
luzonica. Anas 147
luzonica, Gallicolumba 151
/^aWi, Xenicus 181
Lybius 154
Lycaeides 252
Lycaena 103, 170, 252
LYCAENIDAE 102, 170, 186, 208, 252
Lycaon 16
lycodus, Bulimulus 126
Lycosa 207
LYCOSIDAE 88, 207
lyelliana, Discula 124
LYGAEIDAE 251
lygdamus palosverdesensis,
Glaucopsyche 252
Lygodactylus 59
Lygosoma 200
/v'ei, Hipposideros 136
lymani, Carelia 189
lymaniana, Pronesopupa 216
LYMNAEIDAE 113,209
lymphatus, Neodiaptomus 92
lynchi, Branchinecta 91
lyncurium, Poecilmitis 103
lyndseyae, Poecilmitis 103
lynesi. Apalis 49
lynnae, Gomphurus 107
Lynx, Iberian 16
Lynx 16
lyonetianus, Gibbus 191
lyonnetianum, Craspedoma 133
Lyperobius 248
lyrata, Lyropupa 216
Lyrebird, Albert's 157
Lyrefin, Brasilia 79
Lyriothemis 107
Lyropupa 191, 216
lysithous harrisianus, Eurytides 253
Lythrurus 11
Lytta 249
maaseni, Platyla 210
Macaca 15, 129, 140, 194, 245
313
macaco flavifrons, Eulemur 220
macaco macaco, Eulemur 220
macaco, Eulemur 13
Macaque, Assamese 15
Macaque, Barbary 15
Macaque, Booted 194
Macaque, Celebes Black 15
Macaque, Crab-eating 140
Macaque, Dumoga-bone 129
Macaque, Heck's 140, 245
Macaque, Japanese 15
Macaque, Lion-tailed 15
Macaque, Mentawai 15, 245
Macaque, Moor 15
Macaque, Muna-buton 15
Macaque, Muna-Butung 245
Macaque, Pig-tailed 15
Macaque, Rhesus 140
Macaque, Slumptail 15
Macaque, Taiwan 15
Macaque, Tibetan 129
Macaque, Tonkean 140
Macaque, Toque 140
Macaque, Yakushima 245
Macaw, Blue-throated 40
Macaw, Blue-winged 40
Macaw, Cuban Red 180
Macaw, Glaucous 180
Macaw, Hyacinth 40
Macaw, Lear's 40
Macaw, Military 40
Macaw, Red-fronted 40
Macaw, Spix's 40
macclintocki, Discus 214
maccoyii , Thunnus 88
Maccullochella 82, 236
macdonaldi, Toloaba 84
macdonaldii, Notopteris 9
macedonia, Alosa 71
macedonicus, Pachychilon 202
macedonicus, Rutilus 168
macetfreshi, Driloleirus 1 10
macgillivrayi, Pterodroma 30
macgregori, Cyclodina 60
Macgregoria 58
machadoi, Insutivitrina 175
machiki, Zoothera 161
MACHILIDAE 254
Machiloides 254
macinnesi, Rhinopoma 10
mackayi, Anomalopus 60
mackenziei, Stygobromus 89
Mackerel, Monterrey Spanish 88
maclareni, Clarias 76
maclareni, Pungu 86
maclaudi, Rhinolophus 137
rrmcleari, Rattus 178
macleayi, Dorcopsulus 4
macleayi, Hedleya 119
macleayi, Pteronotus 1 1
macleayi, Sphaerospira 174
macmasterae, Phallodrilus 110
macmillani, Crocidura 6
macowi, Crocidura 6
Macquaria 206
macquariensis, Maccullochella 82
Macrancylus 185
Macrhybopsis
72, 168
Macroagelaius 163
Macrobaenetes 108
macrobullatus, Hipposideros 136
macrocephala, Acanthochelys 165
macrocephala, Percina 169
Macrocephalon 34
macrocerca, Hylonympha 43
macrocercus, Tateomys 27
Macroclemys 63
macrodactyla, Napothera 159
macrodactyla, Oceanodroma 30
macrodactylum croceum, Ambystoma
246
macrodactylus, Myotis 138
Macroderma 10
macrodon, Onychogomphus 107
macrodon, Sorex 136
Macrodontia 98
Macrogalidia 18
macrogaster, Yunnanilus 75
Macrogastra 239
macrognalhus, Prognathochromis 184
Macrognathus 205
macrolepidotus, Pogonichthys 73
macrolepidotus, Rutilus lA
macrotepis, Cyprinodon 79
macrolepis, Leiopotherapon 169
Macromia 106, 171
Macronectes 146
Macronous 159
Macronyx 157
Macroperipatus 109
macrophallus, Sonorella 174
Macropleurodus 85
macropoda, Caecidotea 97
MACROPODIDAE 4, 135, 177, 193, 219,
241
macrops, Breviceps 67
macrops, Nothomyrmecia 101
Macropsalis 153
macropterus, Vanellus 180
macropus, Clobonautes 95
Macropus 135, 177,220
Macropygia 151
macrorhyncha, Saxicola 52
macrorhynchus, Clobicephala 129
MACROSCELIDEA 29, 245
Macroscelides 29
MACROSCELIDIDAE 29, 245
Macroscincus 182
Macrosphenus 51
macrostoma, Betta 88
macrostoma, Lampeira 201
macrostoma, Muticaria 174
macrostomus, Batrachophrynus 67
Macrotarsomys 24
macrotarsus, Myotis 138
Macrothele 207
macrotis, Idiurus 145
macrotis, Notomys 178
macrotis, Pipistrellus 139
Macrotis 4, 177
macrotus, Histiotus 138
Macrotus 11
macroura, Dendrortyx 149
macroura, Ratufa 22
macroura, Thripophaga 45
macrourus. Circus 148
MACROVELIIDAE 251
Macrovipera 62
macrura, Thermosphaeroma 97
macrura, Thylamys 135
Macruromys 24
macrurus, Elusor 62
macrurus, Mesembriomys 25
macularius ssp., Cyprinodon 247
maculata, Allotoca 80
maculata, Cotinga 46
maculata, Denisonia 62
maculata, Paroreomyza 56
maculatum, Etheostoma 169
maculatus gracilis, Dasyurus 219
maculatus maculatus, Dasyurus 219
maculatus, Callopistes 200
maculatus, Dasyurus 3
maculatus, Paretroplus 85
maculatus, Sandracottus 249
Maculinea 170,252
maculipinna, Harpagochromis 184
maculosus, Caprimulgus 198
maculosus, Ceomalacus 244
maculosus, Glossolepis 243
maculosus, Stallingsia 252
mada, Gymnophaps 151
mada, Prioniturus 152
madagascarensis, Melanatria 173
madagascariensis, Accipiter 148
madagascariensis, Acrantophis 61
rruidagascariensis, Astacoides 208
madagascariensis, Bedotia 204
madagascariensis, Daubentonia 14
madagascariensis, Erymnochelys 64
madagascariensis, Euxanthe 253
madagascariensis, Numenius 150
madagascariensis, Pantanodon 80
madagascariensis, Rousetlus 10
madagascariensis, Sanzinia 61
madagascariensis, Tropodiaptomus 207
Madanga 53
madeira, Pterodroma 30
maderensis, Disculella 245
maderensis, Pipistrellus 13
madgascarensis, Typhleotris 87
madgei, Colparion 190
madgei, Gonospira 128
madgei, Nesopupa 127
Madoqua 21
madrensis, Peromyscus 26
rrmdrensis, Spermophilus 142
Madlom, Caddo 75
Madtom, Carolina 203
Madtom, Frecklebelly 168
Madtom, Neosho 168
Madtom, Orangefm 75
Madtom, Ouachita 75
Madtom, Pygmy 75
Madtom, Scioto 75
Madtom, Smoky 75
Madtom, Yellowfin 75
madurae, Hipposideros 136
maeotica, Alosa 202
maesi, Garrulax 159
magambae, Cymothoe 253
314
magazinensis, Mesodon 2 1 5
magentae, Pterodroma 30
maghrebi, Gerbillus 24
Magicicada 170
magicus albiventris, Otus 245
magister, Neotoma 144
magna, Alectoris 149
magna, Sitta 53
magna, Sturnira 137
magnidentata, Cryplomastix 127
magnifica, Aegialia 249
magnifica, Planorbella 1 1 3
magnifica, Tulotoma 213
magnificus, Corsachius 31
magnificus, Nodipeclen 209
magnificus, Petaurista 142
magou, Euploea 104
Magou, the 104
Magpie, Black 164
Magpie, Short-tailed 164
Magpie, Sri Lanka 58
Magpie, White-winged 164
Magpie, Yellow-breasted 164
Magpie-robin, Seychelles 50
mahaganus, Pteropus 9
maidae, Euastacus 96
maillardi. Circus 148
Mainty, Trondo 86
mailuatensis, Orangia 123
Maizania 238
major, Ameiva 182
major, Beamys 143
major, Brachypteryx 158
major, Bradyplerus 50
major, Gryllolalpa 209
major, Hirasea 214
major, Macruromys 24
major, Nycteris 1 0
major, Phyllonycteris 177
major, Spermophilus 142
major, Zoothera 53
majori, Eliurus 24
majusculus, Pseudomugil 243
makawai, Pogoniulus 44
makirensis, Phylloscopus 160
Mala 220
malabarica. Idea 171
malacense, Polyplectron 35
malachitacea, Triclaria 41
Malaclemys 166
Malacochersus 65
Malacocincla 51
Malacolimax 175
Malacomys 143, 242
Malaconotus 48, 49, 157
Malacopteron 51, 159
malacoptilus, Rimator 160
malacorhynchus, Hymenolaimus 32
malagrida cedrusmontana,
Argyrocupha 252
malagrida malagrida, Argyrocupha
252
malagrida maryae, Argyrocupha 252
malagrida paarlensis, Argyrocupha
252
malaitae, Rhipidura 52
malaitensis, Nyctimene 9
Malami'da 74
inalapana, Euthalia 253
malayana, Crocidura 6
malayanus, Anlhracoceros 1 54
malayanus, Helarctos 195
malayanus, Suncus 193
maldonadoi, Bullockia 204
Maleo 34
maleo, Macrocephalon 34
maletae, Orconectes 94
Malimbe, Gola 57
Malimbe, Ibadan 57
Malimbus 57
Malkoha, Red-faced 42
mallacoola, Engaeus 95
malleata, Auriculella 213
mallee, Slipiturus 132
Malleefowl 34
Mallomys 24, 143
Malpuluna 132
maluroides, Spartonoica 155
Malurus 159, 198
MAMMALIA 3, 129, 135, 177, 193, 219,
241,245
mammillifurca, Canthocamptus 96
Mamo, Black 181
Mamo, Hawaii 181
mana, Oreomystis 56
Manakin, Black-capped 47
Manakin, Golden-crowned 47
Manakin, Opal-crowned 156
Manakin, Yellow-headed 156
Manalak 74
manalak, Punlius 74
manasa, Neptis 253
Manatee, African 19
Manatee, Amazonian 19
Manatee, Antillean 225
Manatee, Caribbean 19
Manatee, Florida 225
manatus latiroslris, Trichechus 225
manatus manalus. Trichechus 225
manatus, Trichechus 19
mandarina, Mandarirm 214
Mandarina 214
mandellii, Arborophila 34
mandersi, Cyclyrius 252
Mandibularca 72
mandibularis, Dioruia 72
mandibularis, Prognathochromis 184
Mandrill 140
Mandrillus 15, 140,222
Manduca 254
manengubae, Crocidura 241
Mangabey, Black 140, 245
Mangabey, Collared 245
Mangabey, Crested 140
Mangabey, Golden-bellied 222
Mangabey, Opdenbo.sch's Black222
Mangabey, Red-capped 140
Mangabey, Sanje 222
Mangabey, Sooty 140
Mangabey, Tana River 222
Mangabey, White-collared 222
manglae, Batrachoides 78
mangoura, Papilio 105
mangshanensis, Trimeresurus 62
manguaoensis, Punlius 74
Manica 100
MANIDAE 142
maniensis. Perdicella 188
manillae, Penelopides 154
manipurensis, Perdicula 35
Manis 142
manlius, Papilio 171
manoeli, Neritilia 173
manoeli. Neritina 209
Manorina 54
manoro. Smerina 253
Manouria 65
mansfieldi, Bhutanitis 208
mansuetus, Sylvilagus 146
mantchuricum, Crossoptilon 34
Mantella 67
mantelli, Porphvrio 36
MANTIDAE 171
MANTODEA 171
manul ferrugineous, Otocolobus 223
manul, Otocolobus 241
Manul, Red 223
manusi, Tyto 42
Mao 54
Maoricicada 251
Mapleleaf, Winged 112
maquassiensis. Crocidura 241
maracaibensis, Notodiaptomus 92
maracana, Ara 40
maraena, Prototroctes 76
maraho, Papilio 171
Marakely 244
marambaiae, Leptodactylus 201
maranonica, Melanopareia 155
maraxina, Monodelphis 3
marcanoi, Solenodon 177
marcellinus, Eurytides 105
marchandi, Orconectes 94
marchantii, Powelliphanta 175
rrmrchei, Cleptomis 53
marchei, Mydaus 17
rrmrchei, Ptilinopus 39
marchi, Algyroides 60
marcia, Parantica 104
marcidum, Cupedora 173
marecula. Anas 179
maresi, Theodoxus 209
margaretae, Zoothera 161
Margaretamys 24
margarethae, Charmosyna 152
margarettae, Haeromys 24
margarita scheffeli. Felis 223
margarita, Felis 241
margarita, Macromia 171
margarita, Somatochlora 106
margaritacea, Alaena 102
margarilacea, Palaua 215
margaritae, Conirostrum 163
margaritae, Dipodomys 23
margaritae, Lethe 253
margaritifera durrovensis,
Margaritifera 238
margaritifera, Margaritifera 110
Margaritifera 1 10, 238, 255
MARGARITIFERIDAE 110,238,255
Margaronia 253
Margaronia 253
315
Margaronian, Blue 253
Margaronian, Green 253
Margaromis 155
Margay 241
marginata. Phrantela 256
marginata, Alasmidonta 209
marginata, Caperea 242
marginata, Cicindela 248
marginata, Kuhlia 244
marginata, Testudo 243
marginatus, Ateles 14
marginatus, Epinephelus 168
Marginella 213
MARGINELLIDAE 213
marginipennis, Cicindela 169
Maria, Sardinita de Santa 72
mariae, Elheostorrm 206
mariae, Eudonlomyzon 201
mariae, Helicella 126
mariae, Nesillas 159
mariae, Stomatepia 86
marialiciae, Eulonchus 250
marianae, Crateroceplialus 204
mariangelae, Muricopsis 213
inariannae, Hydroporus 248
mariannarum, Ladronellum 214
mariannarum, Taheitia 212
mariannus, Cervus 197
mariannus, Pteropus 9
marica, Gracilinanus 135
mariei, Cyclosurus 187
marieps, Charaxes 253
marinkellei, Lonchorhina 1 1
marinum, Stizostedion 206
marinus, Aplochiton 204
marisae, Hipposideros 10
maritimus, Ursus 129
markhami, Oceanodroma 198
Markhor 21
Markhor. Flare-horned 228
Markhor, Straight-horned 228
Markhor, Tadjik 228
marleyi, Chaetodon 84
Marmaronetta 32
marmorata, Napothera 159
marmorata, Catocala 253
marmorata, Clemmys 64
marmorata, Pardofelis 195
marmorata, Uperoleia 182
marmoratus, Brachyramphus 150
marmoratus, Cynolebias 79
marmoratus, Oryzias 80
marmoratus, Rivulus 243
marmoratus, Salmo 204
marmorensis. Discus 123
Marmosa 3, 135, 193
Marmoset, Aripuana 241
Marmoset, Black-headed 14
Marmoset, Buffy-headed 14
Marmoset, Buffy-tufted-ear 14
Marmoset, Geoffroy's Tufted-ear 14
Marmoset, Goeldi's 14
Marmoset, Golden-white Tassel-ear 14
Marmoset, Wied's 241
Marmosops 3, 135
Marmot, Glacier Bay Hoary 230
Marmot, Menzbier's 22
Marmot, Montague Island Hoary 230
Marmot, Vancouver Island 22
Marmota 22, 131, 142,230
maroni, Papilio 208
marquesana, Taipidon 190
marrianae, Margaritifera 110
marrocana, Cobitis 203
Marron 95
marroni carolus, Huleechius 249
tnarshalli, Meridolum 173
marshalli, Pleurobema 112
marshianus, Aglaodiaptomus 9 1
Marstonia, Armored 21 1
Marstonia, Beaver Pond 21 1
Marstonia, Ocmulgee 21 1
Marstonia, Olive 21 1
Marstonia, Royal 256
marsupialis, Antidorcas 130
marsupiobesa, Elliptio 255
Martelia 119
Marten, Javan Yellow-throated 224
Marten, Nilgiri 17
Marten, Tsushima Island 224
martens i, Castalia 110
martensi, Trichotoxon 215
martensiana, Partula 127
martensii, Padogobius 169
martenstyni, Puntius 74
Manes 17, 224
martiensseni, Otomops 13
martigener, Engaeus 95
Martin, Sinaloa 198
martinensis, Neotoma 25
martini, Astatotilapia 1 84
martinicensis, Incerticyclus 188
martinii, Euploea 171
martiniquensis, Myotis 138
masafuerae, Aphrastura 45
masalai, Nyctimene 9
mascaensis, Hemicycla \74
mascaensis, Insulivitrina 175
mascarinus, Mascarinus 181
Mascarinus 181
Masked-owl, Bismarck 42
Masked-owl, Lesser 198
Masked-owl, Manus 42
Masked-owl, Minahassa 198
Masked-owl, Taliabu 42
masoni, Fusconaia 1 1 1
massachusettsensis, Epischura 207
MASTACEMBELIDAE 205
mastersi marakupa, Hesperilla 252
Masticophis 246
Mastigodiaptomus 92, 207
Mastomys 24, 144
matacus, Tolypeutes 136
matafaoi. Diastole 190
matanensis, Glossogobius 87
matanensis, Oryzias 80
matanim, Phalanger 4
mathewsi, Penescosta 123
Mathewsoconcha 125
matildae, Muricopsis 213
Matrona 237
matschiei, Dendrolagus 4
matschiei, Galago 139
matsudairae, Oceanodroma 198
mattheyi, Mus 197
matthiae, Rhipidura 199
mattogrossensis, Molossops 139
maturna, Hypodryas 208
mauleanum, Cauque 168
maupiensis, Mautodontha 189
maura. Macaco 15
maureenae, Gymnochthebius 249
maureenae, Hydraena 249
Mauremys 200, 243
mauriciana, Platycnemis 108
maurilaniae, Gerbillus 24
mauritiana, Leiolopisma 182
maurilianus, Alopochen 179
mauritianus, Cyraulus 113
maurilianus, Lophopsittacus 181
mauritianus, Nycticorax 179
maurus. Circus 148
maurus, Eumops 13
Mautodontha 123, 189, 190
mavornata, Aplonis 182
mawii, Dermatemys 63
majri, Sundamys 27
maxillaris, Lipochromis 85
maxillosus, Saltator 163
maxima, Paracrocidura241
maxima, Tridacna 133
maximiliani, Hydromedusa 62
maximiliani, Oryzoborus 162
maximus, Aepyomis 179
maximus, Cetorhinus 69
maximus, Elephas 19
maximus, Lachnolaimus 87
maximus, Priodontes 5
Maxomys 24, 144
rrtaxwellii, Cephalophus 141
maya, Cyprinodon 79
mayensis, Peromyscus 26
mayeri, Astrapia 58
mayeri, Columba 38
Mayermys 24
Mayfly, American Sand-burrowing250
Mayfly, Argo 250
Mayfly, Berner's Two-winged 250
Mayfly, Blackwater Sand-filtering250
Mayfly, Cahaba Sand-filtering 250
Mayfiy, Colorado Burrowing 250
Mayfly. Diverse 250
Mayfly, False 250
Mayfl.y, Prison's 250
Mayfly, Large Blue Lake 99
Mayfly, Meridion Blackwater 250
Mayfly, Pecatonica River 186
Mayfly, Robust Burrowing 186
Mayfly, Spicluose 250
Mayfly, West Virginia Burrowing250
Mayfly, Yellow 250
maylandi, Melanotaenia 243
maynardi, Procyon 17
mayor i, Mus 144
mayottensis, Gulella 191
mayri, Rallina 198
mayri, Rhoptromyrmex 101
Mayromis 51, 159
mazama yelmensis, Thomomys 231
mazama couchi, Thomomys 231
mazama glacialis, Thomomys 231
316
mazama louiei. Thomomys 23 1
mazama pugetensis, Thomomys 231
mazama tacomensis, Thomomys 23 1
mazama tumuli, Thomomys 231
Mazama 141, 197
mazumbaiensis, Sitala 215
mbaiso, Dendrolagus 4
mccordi, Aiasmidonta 1 1 0
mccordi. Chelodina 62
mccordi, Cuora 200
mccubbini, Taskiria 254
mcglameriae, Medionidus 1 1 1
mcgregori, Coracina 48
mcilhennyi, Conioptilon 156
mckenziei, Pipistrellus 13
mclachlani, Cordylus 59
mcleodii, Nyctiphrynus 153
mcmichaeli, Elliptio 172
mcneili, Ferrissia 1 1 3
meadewaldoi, Haematopus 180
Meadowlark, Pampas 56
meandricus, Acanthorutilus 202
meamsi, Pteropus 194
Mecistogaster 108
Mecodema 185
MECOPTERA 254
Merfa 72
medeis, Conomyrma 100
media, Gallinago 150
media, Kyidris 100
medianalis, Pseudobargus 76
medicaudatus, Lophuromys 143
medicinalis, Hirudo 171
medicus, Agapetus 254
Medionidus 111. 172
medirostris, Acipenser 70
Mediterraneo, Barbo71
mccti brevis, Orconectes 237
meeki, Corvus 164
meeki, Cyprinodon 79
meeki, Graphium 105
meeki, Macrhybopsis 168
meeki, Microgoura 180
meeki, Zoslerops 199
megacephalum, Platystemon 200
megacephalus atrirelictus,
Microdipodops 111
megacephalus nexus, Microdipodops
232
megacephalus, Nycticorax 179
megaceros, Kobus 141
MEGACHILIDAE 208
Megacolabus 248
Megacrex 198
Megadendromus 24
MEGADERMATIDAE 10, 136
Megadontomys 144
Megadyples 29
Megadytes 185
megaensis, Hirundo 48
megaera, Graphium 105
Megaerops 9
MEGALADAPIDAE 14,241
Megalagrion 106.171,187,237
Megalaima 154
Megalanura 250
Megalaperyx 179
MEGALOBULIMIDAE 126. 190
Megalobulimus 126
megalocephala, Natrix 61
Megalolulimus 190
Megalomyrmex 100
Megalomvs 178
MEGALONYCHIDAE 193
megalophylla, Scotorythra 1 86
megalops, Astatotilapia 1 84
megalotis limicola, Reithrodontomys
245
megalotis ssp., Lepomis 247
megalotis, Dorcatragus 21
megalotis, Paracoelops 10
megalura, Dactylopsila 5
Megalurulus 159, 198
Megalurus 51
MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE 107
MEGAPODIIDAE 34, 149
Megapodius 34, 149
Megaptera 18
megarhyncha, Pitta 156
megarhynchus. Ploceus 57
megarramphus, Dermogenys 168
MEGASCOLECIDAE 109 '
Megascolides 110
megaspila, Cobitis 203
MEGATHYMIDAE 252
Megatriorchis 148
Megaxenops 45
Megazosterops 161
megomphala, Opanara 123
MEGOMPHICIDAE 126
Megupsilon 183
mehelyi, Rhinolophus 1 1
meidingeri, Rutilus 74
meinertzhageni ivoriensis, Hylochoerus
226
mekistocholas, Notropis 73
mekisturus, Peromyscus 26
Meladema 98
melaena griqua, Tuxentius 252
Melaenornis 5!
melampoides, Amphorella 124
Melamprosops 56
melampus petersi, Aepyceros 227
melampus tsuensis, Maries 224
melampus, Aepyceros 130
Melanatria 173
Melanerpes 155
melanippus keteus, Danaus 237
melanjae, Cymothoe 253
Melanobatrachus 67
melanobranchus, Papillogobius 169
melanocephalus, Cacajao 241
melanocephalus, Carpomis 46
melanocephalus, Speirops 53
melanocephalus, Threskiomis 147
melanocephalus, Tragopan 35
Melanocharis 199
Melanochelys 64, 200
melanochlamys, Bangsia 54
melanochroa, Ducuia 151
melanochrous, Serinus 163
melanodera, Melanodera 162
Melanodera 162
melanogaster, Anhinga 147
melanogaster, Sporophila 163
melanogaster, Tumix 35
Melanogrammus 77
melanoides, Chilonopsis 191
melanoidus, Leptoxis 118
melanoleuca, Ailuropoda 17
melanoleucus, Microhierax 149
melanoleucus, Spizastur 148
melanomycter, Saccogaster 11
melanonota, Touit 41
melanonotus, Odontophorus 149
melanonyx, Lophuromys 143
Melanopareia 155
Melanoperdix 149
melanops, Percichthys 206
melanops, Scolomys 27
melanops, Sporophila 55
melanops, Vimba 74
MELANOPSIDAE 212
melanopterus complex, Lipochromis 85
melanopterus, Aeretes 142
melanopterus, Balantiocheilos 71
melanopterus, Stumus 164
Melanoptila 158
melanosoma, Eleotris 169
Meianospiza 162
melanoslictus, Phyllodactylus 199
melanostomus, Neogobius 206
melanostomus, Notropis 73
Melanosuchus 58
melanota, Palaemnema 108
Melanotaenia 78, 168, 204, 205, 243
melanotis, Coryphaspiza 54
melanotis, Manorina 54
melanotis, Oryzomys 197
melanotis, Raphicerus 131
melanura, Dendrogale 8
melanurus, Carpomys 197
melanurus, Ceyx 44
melanurus, Eliomys 145
melanurus, Myrmoborus 46
melanurus, Mysateles 146
melanurus, Peromyscus 26
melanurus. Pithecheir 144
melas, Globicephala 242
Melasmothrix 24
meleagrides, Agelastes 34
Melidectes, Long-bearded 54
Melidectes, Vogelkop 162
Melidectes 54, 162
Melignomon 44
melindae, Anthus 157
Meliobba 173
Meliphaga 162, 199
MELIPHAGIDAE 54, 132, 162, 181, 199
melissa samuelis, Lycaeides 252
melissa, Vampyressa 137
melitensis, Lampedusa 123
melitensis, Pseudamnicola 211
melitophrys, Vireolanius 163
melleri. Anas 147
mellianus, Oriolus 57
mellis, Pseudomugil 78
Mellisuga 153
melodus, Charadrius 37
Melogale 17,224
MELOIDAE 249
317
Melomys, White-toothed 23
Melomys 25, 144
melones, Banksula 88
Melonycteris 9
Melursus 18
melvillensis, Trochomorpha 175
melvilli, Marginella 213
menachensis, Tardus 53
menadensis, Parantica 244
menae, Orconectes 94
menagei, Gallicolumba 39
menava maeroides, Pararge 253
menckei, Monarcha 199
mendana, Graphium 171
mendiculus, Spheniscus 29
mendozae, Pomarea 52
Menidia 78, 168
mento, Prognathochromis 85
memo, Silurus 76
Menura 157
MENURIDAE 157
menzbieri, Marmota 22
mephistophiles, Pudu 141
merces, Aloeides 102
mercierii, Ptilinopus 180
mercuriale, Coenagrion 106
Merganser, Auckland Islands 179
Merganser, Brazilian 32
Merganser, Scaly-sided 32
mergulus, Limnogale 5
Mergus 32, 179
meridianus, Scrranochromis 132
meridionalis, Cobitis 168
meridionalis, Mysateles 146
meridionalis, Nestor 41
meridionalis, Omithoptera 105
meridionalis, Pseudirion 250
Meridolum 122, 173
Meriones 25
merlini, Arborophila 34
MEROSTOMATA 171,209
merriami collinus, Dipodomys 231
merriami parvus, Dipodomys 231
merriami, Empetrichthys 184
merriami, Fluminicola 211
merrilli, Ptilinopus 151
mertensi, Suncus 8
Mertensiella 68, 167
meruensis, Aeshna 105
Merulaxis 46, 155
merulinus, Garrulax 159
Merycomyia 250
Mesacanthotelson I'^l
Mesechinus 6
Mesembriomys 25, 144
mesibovi, Beddomeia 1 14
Mesite, Brown 35
Mesite, Subdesert 35
Mesite, White-breasted 35
Mesitomis 35
MESITORNITHIDAE 35
Mesocapromys 28
Mesocricetus 25
Mesocyclops 92
Mesodon, Banded 239
Mesodon 175,215,239
Mesodontrachia 174
MESOGASTROPODA 113, 133, 173,
187,210,238,244,256
Mesogobius 206
mesoleuca, Conothraupis 54
mesoleucus telmalestes, Conepatus 224
Mesomys 197
Mesonerilla 110
Mesoperipatus 209
Mesoplodon 196
mesotes, Paragalaxias 77
MESOVELIIDAE 251
iWeto 88
Metabolus 51
Metacnemis 209
Metacyclops 92, 132
Metadiaptomus 92
Metallura 43, 153
Metalmark, Lange's 253
Metaltail, Neblina 153
Metaltail, Perija 153
Metaltail, Violet-throated 43
metamorpha, Ogasawarana 1 1 2
Metapogon 250
metastriata, Dysnomia 255
metastriata, Epioblasma 110
Metatrichoniscoides 97
metcalfi, Pyrgulopsis 211
metcalfi, Sonorella 174
methueni, Lygodactylus 59
methymna dicksoni, Lepidochrysops252
Metisella 252
metohiensis, Paraphoxinus 13
Metrarga 251
Metrioptera 109
Mexclapique 80
mexicana, Branchinecta 91
mexicana, Choeronycteris 137
mexicana, Dasyprocta 145
mexicanum, Ambystoma 68
mexicanus jordani, Astyanax 236
mexicanus navaho, Microtus 245
mexicanus, Cynomys 22
mexicanus, Ictalurus 75
mexicanus, Microtus 25
mexicanus, Rheomys 145
mexicanus, Xenotriccus 156
Mexico, Charal del Valle de204
Mexilana 97
Mexipyrgus 238
Mexistenasellus 97
Mexithauma 256
meyerdeschauenseei, Tangara 55
meyeri, Pachycephala 160
meyeri, Xiphophorus 80
meyricki, Hedylepta 186
Mezquital, Cachorrito de79
miamiensis, Cyclocephala 250
mica, Cincinnatia 115
micanopy, Belocephalus 109
micans, Amastra 121
michaeli, Arctodiaplomus 91
michaeli, Harpagochromis 184
michaudi, Lemniscia 125
michaudi, Tropidophora 212
miconax, Aotus 14
Micoureus 135
micramyla, Palline 214
Micrarionta 125,215
Micrastur 34, 242
micristius, Cyprinus 72
Microbatrachella 67
MICROBIOTHERIA 3
MICROBIOTHERIIDAE 3
microblepharis, Celestus 199
Microcebus 13
microcephalus, Barbus 71
micrococcus, Pyrgulopsis 211
Microcryptorhynchus 248
Microcylloepus 249
Microdillus 144
Microdipodops 232
microdon, Lepilemur 241
microdon, Lipochromis 184
microdon, Nyctophilus 13
microdon, Pristis 69
microdon, Reithrodontomys 145
Microeca 159
Microgale 5, 241
Microgoura 180
microgyria, Pheidole 101
microgyna, Tetramorium 102
Microhierax 149
Microhydromys 144
Microhylid, Black 67
MICROHYLIDAE 67, 201
microlepidotus, Basilichthys 204
microlepidotus, Phyllodactylus 165
microlepis, Leuciscus 72
microlepis, Mycteroperca 83
microlepis, Oligosoma 61
microlepis, Tachygia 182
Microrrmcronus 51
micromegas, Nesoctites 155
Micromonacha 154
micromphala, Kimboraga 122
Micromys 144
Micronaspis 249
Micronycteris 11, 137
Microperoryctes 193
Microphis 205
microphthalmus, Sinocyclocheilus 74
microphthalmus, Spalax 27
microphylla, Tritocleis 186
micropithecus, Sphaerodactylus 59
Micropotamogale 5
microps alfredi, Dipodomys 23 1
microps leucotis, Dipodomys 232
microps, Catostomus 75
microps, Heteropneustes 76
Micropsitta 152
Micropteropus 9
micropterus, Chlamydogobius 87
Micropterus 169, 206, 247
Micropygia 149
microsculpta, Thapsia 215
microspira, Platyla 210
microstoma, Lamellidea 213
microstoma, Partula 191
microstriata, Physella 1 1 3
Microstrophia 128
microtarsus, Graciliruznus 135
microthauma, Lyropupa 216
microtheca, Ogasawarana 209
microtis, Dusicyon 195
4
318
Microtus 25, 144, 178, 197, 232, 233, 242,
245
micrus, Nesophontes \11
MICTACEA 97
MICTOCARIDIDAE 97
Mictocaris 97
middlekaufi, Idioslatus 109
Midge, Giant Torrent 99
Midge, Tasmanian Torrent 99
midgleyi. Pingalla 169
mighetsiana, Partulina 121
migratorius, Cricetulus 143
migratorius, Ectopistes 180
migueli, Eupsophus 67
mikado, Syrmaticus 149
mikadoi, Acipenser 70
MILACIDAE 215
milagros, Parantica 104
milensis, Podarcis 60
militaris, Ara 40
militaris, Stumella 56
Millardia 25
millepalmarum, Eremarionta 125
millepunctata, Damochlora 122
millerae, Victodrobia 1 1 7
Millerbird 49
milleri, Cochliopina 115
milleri, Grallaria 46
milleri, Knipowitschia 206
milleri, Myotis 177
milleri, Procambarus 95
milleri, Sorex 1
milleri, Thermosphaeroma 97
millestriala, Dupucharopa 123
milleti, Garrulax 50
milnei, Garrulax 159
Miloderes 248
miltus, Cambarus 93
milvus, Milvus 242
Milvus 242
Milyeringa 206
mimeticus, Dryotribus 185
Mimic, White 252
MIMIDAE 49, 158
Mimizuku 42
Mimodes 49
mimosa, Discocharopa 214
mimula, Belgrandiella 1 1 5
mimulus, Pseudantechinus 3
minahassae, Pipistrellus 194
mincklcyi, Cichlasoma 85
minckleyi, Nymphophilus 256
mindana nipponica, Hemicordulia 238
mindanensis, Coracina 48
mindanensis, Ptilocichla 160
mindorensis, Anonymomys 23
mindorensis, Bubalus 20
mindorensis, Crocodylus 58
mindorensis, Ducula 39
mindorensis, Otus 42
mindorensis, Penelopides 44
mindorensis, Rattus 26
mindorus, Crocidura 6
Miner, Black-eared 54
minima, Balis 198
minima, Beddomeia 114
minima, Lampetra 183
minima, Paludinella 211
minima, Stormsia 119
minimus atristriatus, Tamias 231
minimus maritimus, Antechinus 219
minimus selkirki, Tamias 23 1
minimus, Chironectes 135
minimus. Cynolebias 79
minimus, Spilomis 148
miniopinna, Betta 88
Miniopterus 12, 138
Minivet, Brown-rumped 157
Minivet, White-bellied 157
Mink, European 17
minnae, Grammomys 143
Minnow, Black-striped 168
Minnow, Devil's River 72
Minnow, Kanawha 73
Minnow, Loach 74
Minnow, Maluti 73
Minnow, Rio Grande 72
Minnow, Roundnose 246
Minnow, Stumptooth 183
Minnow, Swamp 203
Minnow, Western Mud 168
Minnow-Nase 202
minor, Dobsonia 136
minor, Elapognathus 165
minor, Eliurus 242
minor, Furcifer 59
minor, Lacustrelix 173
minor, Leptoxis 1 1 8
minor, Miniopterus 138
minor, Myrmotherula 46
minor, Nothura 29
minor, Palaua 215
minor, Phoenicopterus 147
minor, Platalea 31
minor, Platanista 19
minor, Praomys 26
minor. Procyon 17
minotaur. Hippocampus 205
minous, Acomys 23
minuchae, Rossomyrmex 101
minuscula, Brazieria 217
minuta, Crocidura 193
minuta, Hauffenia 211
minuta, Helicoverpa 186
minuta, Kerivoula 138
minuta, Libellulosoma 106
minuta, Nanocopia 92
minuta, Neohoratia 21 1
minuta, Symolopsis 119
minuta, Trochidrobia 117
minutilla, Rhogeessa 139
minutissima, Helenoconcha 189
minutissima, Hemistorrm 116
minutissimus, Leptothorax 100
minutus, Lacconectus 249
minutus, Micromys 144
minutus, Mormopterus 13
minutus, Nyctimene 9
minutus, Paraphoxinus 202
minutus, Strongylognathus 102
Mipentina, Damba 85
mi'ra, Rhogeessa 139
mira, Scolopax 38
mirabilis, Campsicnemus 185
mirabilis, Carelia 189
mirabilis. Cyanolyca 58
mirabilis, Eriocnemis 43
mirabilis, Hemiphlebia 107
mirabilis, Hirasea 214
mirabilis. Loddigesia 43
mirabilis. Lyropupa 216
mirabilis, Partula 191
Mirafra 48, 157
Miramella 108
miranda, Basilomis 164
mirandae, Hemitriccus 47
Miratesta 187
MIRIDAE 251
mirifica, Lytta 249
mirificus, Lewinia 36
mirus, Mesoplodon 196
mirus, Otus 42
Mirza 13
misella, Lamprocystis 215
Misgumis 168
misoolensis, Melanotaenia 243
MISOPHRIIDAE 97
MISOPHRIOIDA 97
mississippiensis, Orconectes 94
missouri, Glyphopsyche 255
Mistfrog, Common 66
Mistichthys 132
mitchellae, Thersites 122
mitchelli mitchelli, Neonympha 253
mitchelli, Quincuncina 112
mitchellii, Phegomis 150
mir/j elgonis, Cercopithecus 222
mirii kandti, Cercopithecus 212
Mitoura 252
mitra, Euploea 104
mitratus, Rhinolophus 194
mitteruiorfi, Lemniscomys 24
miru, M/ru 180
A/il« 180
Mixogaster 250
Mixophyes 67, 167
mixtus, Batrachostomus 198
mixtus, Saccolaimus 10
m/ya, Crocidura 6
miyazakii, Chamalychaeus 213
mizura, Euroscaptor 8
mlokosiewiczi, Tetrao 149
Moa, Brawny Great 179
Moa, Burly Lesser 179
Moapa Ti
Moccasinshell, Alabama 1 1 1
Moccasinshell, Coosa 1 1 1
MOCHOKIDAE 76, 243
mocinno, Pharomachrus 153
Mockingbird, Floreana49
Mockingbird, Socorro 49
modesta, Gerygone 50
modesta, Gila 72
modesta, Hemicycla 245
modesta. Microstrophia 128
modesta, Turacoena 39
modestus, Dicrurus 164
modestus, Gallirallus 180
modestus, Gomphurus 171
modestus, Zosterops 54
modica, Gibberula 213
319
moellendorffi, Sundasciurus 142
moemeri, Papilio 105
moesla, Amaurospiza 162
moesta, Lylta 249
Mogera 8
mogollonensis hualpaiensis, Microtus
232
Mogurnda, Black 87
Mogurnda, Blotched 87
Mogurnda, Eastern 244
Mogurnda, Kokoda 244
Mogurnda, Striped 87
Mogurnda, Variegated 87
Mogurnda 87, 244, 247
mohaveana, Helminthoglypta 174
mohavensis, Spermophilus 22
Moho 54, 181
Mohoua 51
Moitessieria 244
Moitessieria 116,173,244
Mojarra 85
mojavensis mojavensis, Crossidius 248
molae, Pyrenaearia 126
Mole, De Winton's Golden 5
Mole, Duthie's Golden 5
Mole, Giant Golden 5
Mole, Grant's Golden 5
Mole, Gunning's Golden 5
Mole, Japanese Mountain 8
Mole, Juliana's Golden 5
Mole, Northern Marsupial 4
Mole, Persian 8
Mole, Rough-haired Golden 5
Mole, Ryukyu 8
Mole, Sado 8
Mole, Sclater's Golden 5
Mole, Somali Golden 5
Mole, Southern Marsupial 4
Mole, Van Zyl's Golden 5
Mole, Visagie's Golden 5
Mole, Yellow Golden 241
Mole, Zulu Golden 241
molesta, Lylta 249
molinae, Trochoidea 126
mollicomulus, Rattus 26
mollispinis ssp., Lepidomeda 246
moloch, Hylobates 16
molokaiensis, Pronesopupa 216
MOLOSSIDAE 13, 139, 194
molossinus, Pteropus 9
Molossops 13, 139
Molossus 139
moluccensis, Cacatua 40
molurus. Python 165
momonga, Pteromys 242
MOMOTIDAE 154
monacha, Cyprinella 167
monacha, Grus 131
monacha, Poeciliopsis 205
monacha, Ptilinopus 151
monachus milleri, Pithecia 222
monachus, Aegypius 148
monachus, Monachus 17
Monachus 17, 178
Monadenia 121,215,239
monae, Typhlatya 93
Monal, Chinese 35
Monal, Sclater's 35
Monarch, Biak 51
Monarch, Black-bibbed 159
Monarch, Black-chinned 51
Monarch, Black-tipped 159
Monarch, Celestial 50
Monarch, Fatuhiva 52
Monarch, Flores 51
Monarch, Iphis 52
Monarch, Jamaican 170
Monarch, Kolombangara 159
Monarch, Loetoe 159
Monarch, Manus 159
Monarch, Marquesan52
Monarch, Ogea 51
Monarch, Rarotonga 52
Monarch, Short-crested 159
Monarch, Tahiti 52
Monarch, Tinian 51
Monarch, Truk 51
Monarch, Vanikoro 159
Monarch, White-breasted 199
Monarch, White-tailed 159
Monarch, White-tipped 51
Monarch, Yap 159
Monarcha 51, 159, 199
monardi, Bellamya 120
Monardithemis 107
monas, Aphaostracon 114
monasa, Porzana 180
monax, Crocidura 6
monensis granti, Epicrates 234
monensis monensis, Epicrates 234
monensis, Typhlops 62
Mongo 86
mongo, Slomatepia 86
Mongoose, Broad-striped 16
Mongoose, Brown-tailed 17
Mongoose, Gambian 195
Mongoose, Giant-striped 17
Mongoose, Jackson's 16
Mongoose, Liberian 17
Mongoose, Narrow-striped 17
Mongoose, Sokoke Bushy-tailed 224
mongoz, Eutemur 13
monguilloti, Carduelis 163
Manias 35
monica. Anemia 132
moniliger, Batrachostomus 153
Monitor. Central Asian Desert246
Monitor, Gray's 61
Monitor, Yellow 243
moniziana, Geomitra 124
Monjita, Black-and-white 47
Monjita, Salinas 156
Monjon 135
Monkey, Allen's Swamp 140
Monkey, Andean Night 14
Monkey, Andean Titi 14
Monkey, Beni Titi 194
Monkey, Black Spider 241
Monkey, Blackish Squirrel 15
Monkey, Brown-headed Spider 14
Monkey, Brumback's Night 14
Monkey, Central American Squirrel 15
Monkey, Colombian Woolly 222
Monkey, Common Woolly 241
Monkey, Diana 15, 222
Monkey, Douc 15
Monkey, Dryas 194
Monkey, Elgon Blue 222
Monkey, Fernando Po Preuss's222
Monkey, Fernando Po Crowned 222
Monkey, Fernando Po Red-eared 222
Monkey, Francois' Leaf 15
Monkey, Geoffroy's Spider241
Monkey, Golden 222
Monkey, Golden Snub-nosed 15
Monkey, Grizzled Leaf 15
Monkey, Guizhou Snub-nosed 15
Monkey, Hybrid Spider 221
Monkey, Javan Fuscous Leaf 194
Monkey, Ka'apor Capuchin 15
Monkey, Kahuzi Owl-faced 222
Monkey, L'Hoest's 140
Monkey, Long-haired Spider 14
Monkey, Mainland Preuss's222
Monkey, Mentawai Leaf 15
Monkey, Night 221
Monkey, Nilgiri Leaf 15
Monkey, Northern Brown Howling 221
Monkey, Owl-faced 140
Monkey, Pig-tailed Snub-nosed 15
Monkey, Preuss's 15
Monkey, Proboscis 15
Monkey, Red-handed Howling 221
Monkey, Roloway 222
Monkey, Somalia Sykes 222
Monkey, South Pacific Blackish Howling
241
Monkey, Sun-tailed 15
Monkey, Tana River Sykes 222
Monkey. Tonkin Snub-nosed 15
Monkey, White-fronted Leaf 194
Monkey, White-throated 15
Monkey, Widow 241
Monkey, Yellow-tailed Woolly 15
Monkey, Yunnan Snub-nosed 15
Monkeyface, Appalachian 112
Monkeyface, Cumberland 255
Monklet, Lanceolated 154
monoceros, Monodon 196
monoceros, Rhinolophus 137
monochromos, Thomasomys 145
Monodelphis 3, 135
monodon, Cristilabrum 122
Monodon 196
monodonta, Cryptazeca 123
monodonta, Lamellidea 188
monodonta, Margaritifera 255
MONODONTIDAE 18, 196
monodosus, Afrithelphusa 95
Monolistra 97, 237
Monomorirm 100
Monomorium 101
Monophyllus 137
Monopterus 205
manor his, Oceanadroma 146
monorthonyx, Anurophasis 149
MONOTREMATA 3, 219
monroensis, Cincinnatia 115
Monster, Gila 59
montagui, Partulina 188
montalentii, Discaglossus 66
montalivetensis, Amplirhagada 173
Montana, Odontopodisma 108
montana, Paroreomyza 163
320
montana, Sheppardia 52
montana, Tricula 119
montana, Xenoligea 56
montani, Anthracoceros 44
montanus codiensis, Microtus 232
montanus fucosus, Microtus 232
montanus nevadensis, Microtus 232
montanus pictus, Thestor 252
montanus zygomaticus, Microtus 232
montanus, Psephenus 249
montanus, Alsodes 201
montanus, Andropadus 157
montanus, Charadrius 37
montanus, Dasymys 23
montanus, Isolobodon 179
montanus, Nyctalus 138
montanus, Prioniturus 41
montanus, Rattus 26
montanus, Stygobromus 89
montanus, Suncus 8
montecanoensis, Lepidoblepharis 59
montecristoi, Abronia 59
monteiri, Malaconotus 49
monteithorum, Euastacus 96
montenegrinus, Salmo 204
Monte rissa 112
Monterrey, Platy 80
montezumae, Mastigodiaptomus 207
montezumensis, Pyrgulopsis 211
monticola, Archaeolacerta 243
monticola, Leiostyla 127
monticola, Melanotaenia 205
monticola, Nanocochlea 1 16
monticola, Zoothera 161
monticularis, Bunolagus 28
monticularis, Petromyscus 144
montis, Praomys 197
montisatris. Colophon 99
montisserrati, Diploglossus 59
montivagus, Myotis 138
montosa, Alticola 23
montserratensis, Trochoidea 175
Montserratirm 174
Moonrat, Dinagat 6
mooreana, Partula 191
moorei, Etheostoma 83
moorei, Streptocephalus 91
Moorhen, Gough 36
Moorhen, Samoan 36
Moorhen, San Cristobal 36
Mopi 13, 139
moquini, Haematopus 150
moralesi, Notropis Ti
Mordacia 69, 201
mordax, Harpiocephalus 138
mordax, Notomys 178
mordax, Pipistrellus 139
mordax, Stumira 137
moreaui, Nectarinia 161
moreaui, Orthotomus 51
moreleti, Clavator 120
moreletii, Crocodylus 199
Morelia 234
Morenia 166
morenoi, Glossophaga 137
moretonicus, Hyridella 255
morhua , Gadus 77
moricandi, Anisotremus 84
MORIDAE 77
Morimus 98
morio, Praomys 26
morio, Sylvisorex 8
mormo langei, Apodemia 253
Mormolyce 248
mormonum buttoni. Monadenia 239
mormonum hirsuta, Monadenia 239
MORMOOPIDAE 11, 137
Mormoops 137
Mormopterus 13
morondavana, Papilio 208
morongoana, Eremarionta 174
Morphnus 148
morrisi, Myotis 12
morrisi, Procambarus 95
morrisoni, Lytta 249
morrisoni, Pyrgulopsis 211
morrisoni, Stygobromus 89
Mortonagrion 106
Morus 146
mosana, Rhyacophila 255
moschata, Desmana 8
moschatus, Neotragus 131
MOSCHIDAE 20, 141, 226
moschiferus, Moschus 20
Moschus 20, 141, 226
Moserius 97
mossambica, Croilia 169
mossii bayensis, Callophrys 252
mostbento, Oligophlebodes 255
MOTACILLIDAE 48, 157
motebensis, Barbus 71
Moth, American Chestnut 186
Moth, Bent Wing Swift 252
Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx 254
Moth, Busk's Gall 252
Moth, Ceromatic Noctuid 253
Moth, Chestnut Clearwing 186, 254
Moth, Chestnut Ermine 186
Moth, Confused 186
Moth, Green Carposinid 252
Moth, Green-Banded Ohe Ohe Leaf-roller
254
Moth, Hawaiian Hopseed Looper 186
Moth, Hebard's Noctuid 253
Moth, Hilo Noctuid 186
Moth, loxantha Looper 252
Moth, Kaholuamano Noctuid 186
Moth, Kern Prirm-ose Sphinx 254
Moth, Kerr's Noctuid 186
Moth, Ko'olau Giant Looper 186
Moth, Kona Giant Looper 186
Moth, Laysan Dropseed Noctuid 186
Moth, Laysan Noctuid 186
Moth, Lemmer's Noctuid 253
Moth, Levuana 187
Moth, Lovegrass Noctuid 186
Moth, Marbled Underwing 253
Moth, Midway Noctuid 186
Moth, Minute Noctuid 186
Moth, Necker Leaf-miner 252
Moth, Ohe Ohe Leaf-roller 254
Moth, Ohenaupaka Oeobian253
Moth, Ola'a Peppered Looper 186
Moth, Phleophagan Chestnut 186
Moth, Poko Noctuid 186
Moth, Prairie Sphinx 105
Moth, Precious Underwing 253
Moth, Silver Spotted Ghost 252
Moth. Small Lappet 102
Moth, Spanish Moon 208
Moth, Wallupe Leaf-Roller 254
Motmot, Keel-billed 154
Mouflon, Armenian 230
Mouflon, Cyprus 230
Mouflon, Esfahan 230
Mouflon, European 230
Mouflon, Laristan 230
Mouldingia 122
moulinsiana. Vertigo 133
Mountain-babbler, Chapin'sl59
Mountain-babbler, Red-collared 159
Mountain-babbler, White-throated51
Mountain-finch, Cochabamba55
Mountain-finch, Sillem's 199
Mountain-finch, Tucuman 55
Mountain-pigeon, Long-tailed 151
Mountain-robin, Dappled 50
Mountain-tanager, Golden-backed54
Mountain-tanager, Masked 54
Mountain-toucan, Black-billed 154
Mountain-toucan, Grey-breasted 154
Mountain-toucan, Hooded 154
Mountain-toucan, Plate-billed 154
mourae, Ceriagrion 208
mouroniensis, Zosterops 54
Mouse, Alabama Beach 233
Mouse, Alpine 197
Mouse, Anastasia Island Beach 233
Mouse, Black Hills Meadow Jumping232
Mouse, California Red Tree 197
Mouse, Chadwick Beach Cotton 233
Mouse, Choctawhatchee Beach 233
Mouse, Dalzura Pocket 231
Mouse, Delany's 242
Mouse, Dollman's Tree 144
Mouse, Durant's Northern Grasshoper
233
Mouse, Durrani's Northern Grasshopper
233
Mouse, Florida 26
Mouse, Harvest 144
Mouse, Hastings River 26
Mouse, Izenhood Kangaroo 232
Mouse, Jacumba Pocket 232
Mouse, Key Largo Cotton 233
Mouse, Lakeland Downs 143
Mouse, Los Angeles Pocket 232
Mouse, Meadow Jumping 242
Mouse, Monomy White-footed 233
Mouse, Mountain Spring Pocket231
Mouse, Northern Birch 143
Mouse, Owyhee River Kangaroo 232
Mouse, Pacific Pocket 232
Mouse, Palm Springs Pocket 232
Mouse. Perdido Key Beach 233
Mouse, Pilliga 26
Mouse, Point Reyes Jumping 232
Mouse, Ponce de Leon Beach 233
Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping232
Mouse, Red-bellied Harvest 233
Mouse, Salinas Pocket 242
Mouse, Salt-marsh Harvest 26, 233
Mouse, San Diego Pocket 231
Mouse, Santa Rosa Beach 233
321
Mouse, Shark Bay 26
Mouse. Smoky 26
Mouse, Soda Spring Valley Kangaroo232
Mouse, Southeastern Beach 242
Mouse, Southern Birch 143
Mouse, Southern Grasshopper 233
Mouse, Southern Marsh Harvest245
Mouse, Spiny 23
Mouse, St Andrews Beach 233
Mouse, Steppe 144
Mouse, Tulare Grasshopper 233
Mouse, Western 26
Mouse, White-eared Pocket 142, 232
Mouse-lemur, Coquerel's 13
moussoni, Palaina 210
moutoni, Renea 113
Moxostoma 75, 168, 203, 243, 246
Mucket, Neosho 1 1 1
Muckel, Orangenacre 172
Mucket, Pink 1 1 1
Mucket, Salina 255
mucronala, Quadrasiella 210
Mud-minnow, European 76
Mudalia, Black 118
Mudalia, Knob 118
Mudfish, Black 204
Mudfish, Brown 168
Mudfish, Canterbury 77
Mudminnow, Olympic 168
muelleri, Heleia 161
muelleri, Hylobates 140
muelleri, Lewinia 36
muellerianus, Chalepoxenus 100
muenninki, Tokudaia 27
muensis, Noctepurm 214
mufumbiri, Laniarius 157
Mugger 58
MUGILIDAE 86, 244
Mugilogobius 87
miihlenbergii, Clemmys 64
mujanensis, Microtus 25
mulatla. Macaca 140
mulciber elwesii, Euploea 237
mulelensis, Alytes 66
Muigara 3
muliensis, Ochotona 197
mulleri, Homopholis 165
Mullet, Freshwater 244
Mullet, Saint Lucia 86
multilamellala, Thaumalodon 190
multipunctam, Tyto 152
multiradiatus. Girardinichthys 80
multispinosus, Gronocarus 250
muitistriala, Charmosyna 152
muhisulcata, Mysorelloides 119
multivesiculatus, Lutodrilus 172
multivolvis, Planorbella 1 1 3
muhocarinata, Bolyeria 182
muluensis, Lacconeclus 249
munda, Galaxiella 168
mundaus, Stygobromus 89
mundus, Monarcha 159
munggai, Pachysaga 109
Mungos 195
Mungotictis 17
Munia, Black 163
Munia, Grey-banded 57
Munia, Grey-crowned
163
Munia, Pictorella 163
Munia, Yellow-rumped 163
munionga larana, Oreisplanus 252
tnunitus, Noturus 168
munroi, Nesotocus 248
Muntiacus 20, 197. 227
Muntjac, Black 20
Muntjac, Fea's 197
Muntjac, Gongshan 197
mupinensis. Turdus 161
murayamai, Euhndra 213
Murexia 193
MURICIDAE 173,213
Muricopsis 213
muriculus, Gerbillus 242
Muriculus 25
MURIDAE 23, 131, 143, 178. 197, 232,
242, 245
muriei, Chasmistes 183
murina tatei, Sminthopsis 219
murina, Microperorycles 193
Murina 12, 138, 194
murinus, Pseudohydromys 26
Muriqui 14
murivora, 'Athene' 181
muroides. Chiropodomys 143
murphyi, Acanthomyops 99
murphyi, Ngairea 214
murrayense, Pieurobema 1 1 2
Murrelet, Craveri's 150
Murrelet, Japanese 38
Murrelet, Marbled 150
Murrelet, Xantus's 150
Murunducaris 133
Mus 25, 144, 197
Musashitomiyo 247
Muscardinus 145
Muscicapa 51, 159, 199
MUSCICAPIDAE 49, 132, 158, 181, 198,
242
musciculus, Pipislrellus 139
muscina, Kerivoula 12
muscinus, Hipposideros 10
Muscipipra 156
Muscocyclops 132
muscosa, Rana 68
musculus , Balaenoptera 225
musculus brevicauda, Balaenoptera
225
musculus, Balaenoptera 18
musicola, Hedylepta 186
Muskrat, Rio Grande 233
Musonycteris 11
MUSOPHAGIDAE 42, 152
musschenbroekii, Macrogalidia 18
Mussel, Dromedary Pearly 1 10
Mussel, Dwarf Wedge 255
Mussel, Oyster 255
Mussel, Salamander 255
mussoi, Neusticomys 25
Mussonena 122
Mustela 17, 177, 195, 224
MUSTELIDAE 17, 140, 177, 195, 224,
245
mustelina, Achatinella 120
mustelinus, Lepilemur 1A\
mustersi, Batrachuperus 68
mutata, Batillaria 210
mutica, Omphalotropis 210
Muticaria 174
mulicus, Pavo 35
MUTILLIDAE 251
mutisii, Eremophilus 204
mutoni, Praomys 144
muttui, Muscicapa 159
muwu, Ammopelmatus 108
Muzquiz, Bagre de 75
Muzquiz, Platy de 80
mweruensis, Bellamya 120
Myadestes 51, 159
myadestinus, Myadestes 51
Myaka, Myaka 85
myaka, Myaka 85
Myaka 85
MYCETOPHILIDAE 250
Mycotrupes 250
Mycteria 31, 147
Mycteroperca 83, 206
mydas, Chelonia 63, 234
Mydaus 17
myersi, Maoricicada 25 1
Myiagra 51, 159, 181
Myioborus 56, 163
Myiophobus 156
Myiophonus 51, 159
Myiomis 156
Myiotheretes 47, 156
mvlergates, Labrochromis 184
MYLIOBATIFORMES 70
Mylothris 253
Myna, Apo 164
Myna, Bare-eyed 164
Myna, Collared 164
Myna, Helmeted 164
MYOBATRACHIDAE 67, 167, 182,201
MYODOCOPIDA 97
myoides, Xeromys 27
Myomimus 28
Myomys 25, 144
Myonycleris 9
myopica, Neoleptoneta 207
myoporicola. Oliarus 251
Myopterus 194
My opus 144
Myosciurus 22
Myosorex 7
Myospalax 25, 144
Myotis, Barters 245
myotis, Myotis 138
Mvotis 12, 13, 138, 177, 194, 245
mVoXIDAE 27, 145
myoxinus, Microcebus 13
Myoxocephalus 244
Myoxus 145
myrella, Kerivoula 12
Myrmecia 101
Myrmeciza 46
MYRMECOBIIDAE 3
Myrmecobius 3
Myrmecophaga 5
m'yrmecophagidae 5
Myrmecoxenus 101
MYRMELEONTIDAE 254
Myrmica 101
322
myrmicoxena. Myrmica 101
Myrmoborus 46
Myrmosula 251
Myrmotherula 46, 155
Mysateles 28, 146
MYSIDACEA 97
MYSIDAE 97
Mysorelloides 119
mysorensis, Zoslerops 162
mystacea, Aplonis 164
mystacea, Geotrygon 151
Mystacina 13, 177
MYSTACINIDAE 13, 177
mystax, Calomyscus 143
mysticetus , Balaena 224, 225
mysticetus, Balaena 129
Mystromys 25
Myjrai 209
Myxus 244
Myzomela, Crimson-hooded 199
Myzomela, Red-rumped 162
Myzomela, Rotuma 54
Myzomela, White-chinned 199
Myzomela 54, 162, 199
Myzopoda 1 1
MYZOPODIDAE 11
mzymlae, Cordulegaster 106
Nabarlek 135,220
naccarii, Acipenser 70
NACELLIDAE 187
nachicola, Euhadra 213
Nadus 59, 182
Naemorhedus 21, 141,229
naessi, Paracyclopia 92
naevius, Ramphodon 153
naevoja, Stictonetta 32
nahani, Francolinus 198
nahuelbutensis, Diplomysles 203
naivashae, Tachyoryctes 27
/Va/a 200
nakadai, Lamellidea 188
Nakea, Oopu 206
namibensis, Laephotis 12
Namibocypris 185
Namibomis 159
namiyei, Rana 68
nana, Brachyphylla 137
nana, Cyanolyca 58
nana, Eurycea 68
nana, Microstrophia 128
nana, Stiobia 116
nana, Stumira 1 1
nananae, Tropocyclops 92
Nancibella 190
nancillus, Cerbillus 143
Nannatherina 206
Nannoperca 82
Nannopsittaca 152
Nannospalax 25
nannotis, Litoria 66
Nanocochlea 116
Nanocopla 92
Nanodectes 109
nanodes, Napaeus 133
Nanogovi'/is 87
Nanoplectrus 255
nanoserranus, Prognathochromis 184
nanus, Accipiter 1 48
nanus, Cerion 123
nanus, Mesocapromys 28
nanus, Pseudomys 144
nanuj, Pyrgulopsis 211
nanus, Somalogyrus 212
nanus, Spizaetus 33
nanus, Taoniscus 29
Napaeus 121, 133,244
Napolhera 51, 159
napu nigricans, Tragulus 226
narasingha narasingha, Erebia 253
narcondami, Aceros 44
Narwhal 196
nasalis, Philanthus 251
Nasalis 15
nasarovi, Microtus 144
Nase, Dalmation 202
Nase, South European 167
na,so, Antechinus 193
naTO, Euchoreutes 23
najo, MelasmothrLx 24
na.90, Paulamys 178
nasomaculatus, Addax 20
nassa, Lavigera 1 1 9
nassula, Elimia 1 1 7
WaiHa 17
Nasuella 195
na.r«i, Coregonus 204
nasus, Lamna 69
nasuta, Ligumia 172
nasuta, Percina 169
nasuta, Rhinoclemmys 166
nasutus, Eptesicus 12
nasutus, Lanistes 1 1 4
natalensis, Cephalophus 130
natalensis, Kinixys 166
nalalensis, Neritina 209
natalensis, Paradiaptomus 92
natalensis, Tomicha 1 1 8
NATALIDAE II, 137
natalis, Zosterops 162
Natalus 11, 137
Natator 63
nationi, Chaetophractus 5
nativitatis, Rattus 178
natricina, Physella 210
narru: ce«;, Natrix 234
natrix schweizeri, Natrix 234
A^arrM 61,234
nattereri, Anthus 48
nattereri, Ctenomys 145
nattereri, Heliconius 104
naHii, Partulina 213
NAUCORIDAE 251
Naultinus 243
naumanni, Falco 33
nausithous, Maculinea 170
navai, Hylorchilus 49
navajo, Stenopelmatus 1C9
navasi, Pyrenaearia 175
nayaur nayaur, Pseudois 230
nayaur szechuanensis, Pseudois 230
nayaur, Pseudois 141
nazas, Cyprinodon 243
Nazas, Sardinita 246
ndamanyiluensis, Gulella 216
Neacomys 144
NEANURIDAE 250
nearcticus, Nemapalpus 99
neavei, Lanistes 114
nebulosa, Neofelis 16
nebulosus, Picumnus 155
nebulosus, Pseudocordylus 59
nechesae, Procambarus 95
neckerensis, Nysius 251
neckerensis, Petrochroa 252
necra, Carelia 189
Necrospar 182
Nectarinia 53, 161, 242
NECTARINIIDAE 53, 161, 242
Nectomys 25
Nectophrynoides 66
Necydalis 248
Neduba 109, 187
Needle-clawed, Northern 139
neergaardi, Nectarinia 161
nefrens, Armatobalanus 208
neglectissimum, Falniowskia 173
neglectus, Argyrodiaptomus 207
neglectus, Molossops 13
neglectus, Pappogeomys 23
neglectus, Phalacrocorax 147
negrina, Crocidura 6
Nehalennia 106
neiWi, Leopoldamys 24
neislerii, Amblema 1 10
Nekogigi 76
ne/i, Colophon 99
nelsoni, Ammospermophilus 22
nelsoni, Bufo 66
nelsoni, Heteromys 23
nelsoni, Miloderes 248
nelsoni, Nasua 17
nelsoni, Neotoma 25
nelsoni, Oryzomys 178
nelsoni, Terrapene 200
nelsoni, Vireo 163
nelsoni, Xenomys 145
Nemacheilus 74, 203
nemaeus, Pygathrix 15
Nemapalpus 99
Nematogenys 204
Nematostella 128
nemestrina, Macaca 15
nemorale, Bradypodion 164
nemoricola, Gallinago 37
Nemosia 55
NEMOURIDAE 254
Nemours 254
Nene 32
NEOBALAENIDAE 242
NEOBISIIDAE 89, 207
neobrittanicus, Hydromys 24
neocaledonicus, Chalinolobus 12
Neochanna 77, 168, 204
Neochen 147
Neochmia 57
Neocrex 150
NEOCYCLOTIDAE 117,188
Neodiaptomus 92
neodiversus, Euastacus 96
Neodrepanis 47
Neofelis 16
323
NEOGASTROPODA 120,173,213
Neogobius 206
Neohoratia 211
Neohydromys 25
neokohli, Pheidole 101
Neoleptoneta 207
Neolissochilus 73
neomexicana, Pyrgulopsis 256
neomexicanus, Plethodon 68
Neomixis 159
Neomorplms 42, 152
Neonemobius 133
Neonympha 253
Neophaedusa 214
Neophema 41, 152
Neophoca 242
Neophocaena 196, 225
Neoplanorbis 1 1 3
Neopteryx 9
Neorapana 213
neosa, Cryptochia 255
Neosalanx 76
Neoscaptor 8
Neoseps 60
Neosilurus 247
Neospiza 56
Neothauma 120
Neothramma 255
Neothraupis 162
Weorw 150
Neotoma 25, 144, 233
Neotragus 131, 141
Neotrichia 254
neoxenus, Euptilotis 44
Nephronaias 255
Nephrurus 59
NEPTICULIDAE 186
Neptis 253
Weprw 253
nequam, Hipposideros 10
nereis, Rhinolophus 137
nereis. Sterna 38
NERILLIDAE 110
NERITIDAE 112, 173,209
Neritilia 173,209
Neritina 112,209
neritinoides, Stanleya 119
neritoides, Lanistes 114
Nerodia 246
nerterius, Cambarus 93
Nesasio 42
Neseis 251
Nesidiolesles 251
Nesillas 159, 181
nesiotes, Acomys 143
nesiotes, Deinocossonus 248
nesiotes, Scotorythra 186
nesiotica, Hirasea 214
nesioticus, Bulimulus 126
nesioticus, Erebonectes 92
nesiotis, Gallinula 36
Nesithmysus 248
Nesocichla 159
Nesoclopeus 36, 180
nesocrabo bidecoratus, Eclemnius 25 1
Nesocryptias 251
Nesoctites 155
Nesokia 144
Nesolagus 29
Nesomanlis 68
Nesomimesa 251
Nesomimus 49
Nesophontes, Atalaye 177
Nesophontes, Haitian 177
Nesophontes, Saint Michel 177
Nesophontes, Western Cuban 177
Nesophontes 177
NESOPHONTIDAE 177
nesopolus, Myotis 138
Nesopsar 163
Nesopupa 127,191,216,217
Nesorestias 251
Nesoryzomys 25, 178
Nesospiza 55
Nesosydne 251
Nesothauma 254
Nesotocus 248
Nesotriccus 47
W«ror 41, 152, 181
netscheri, Nesolagus 29
nettingi, Plethodon 68
neumanni, Tropodiaptomus 92
neumoegeni, Papilio 105
Neurergus 201
NEUROPTERA 254
Neusticomys 25
Neulrodiaptomus 207
nevadae, Crenichthys 79
nevadensis ssp., Cyprinodon 247
nevadica olmosa, Cicindela 248
nevermanni, Lonchura 163
nevilli, Erepta 190
nevilli, Gonospira 191
newberryi, Eucyclogobius 87
newcombi, Nesopupa 216
Newcombia 120, 121, 188
newelli, Hypena 186
newelli, Puffinus 30
Newnhamia 98
Newt, Great Crested 132
newtoni, Coracina 48
newtoni, Ctenoglypta 190
newWni, Fulica 180
newloni, Gonidomus 191
newtoni, Lanius 48
newtoni, Mesocricetus 25
newtoni, Thomea 214
Newtonia, Red-tailed 5 1
Newtonia 51
newtoniana, Prionodura 132
Ngairea 214
ngarduaisi, Palaua 215
nghetinhensis, Pseudoryx 22
niangarae. Mops 13
nianguae, Etheostoma 83
nicaraguensis, Quiscalus 163
nicefori, Thryothorus 49
nichollsi, Ardops 137
nickajackensis, Caecidotea 97
nickliniana awania, Helminthoglypta
239
nickliniana bridgesi, Helminthoglypta
239
nickliniana contracosta,
Helminthoglypta 239
nicobarica, Caloenas 150
nicobarica, Crocidura 6
nicobarica, Tupaia 8
nicobariensis, Hypsipetes 48
nicobariensis, Megapodius 34
nicolli, Ploceus 57
Nicrophorus 99
nidipendulus, Hemitriccus 156
nieuwenhuisii, Pycnonotus 198
nigella, Elliptio 110
niger avicennia, Sciurus 230
n/ger cinereus, Sciurus 23 1
n/ger shermani, Sciurus 23 1
n/ger variani, Hippotragus 228
fji'ger vulpinus, Sciurus 23 1
nige/', Cephalophus 141
n(ger, Hippotragus 130
n/ger, Melanosuchus 58
niger, Pteropus 9
niger, Yunnanilus 75
nigerrimus, Nesopsar 163
nigerrimus, Polyergus 101
Night-heron, Japanese 31
Night-heron, Mauritius 179
Night-heron, Rodrigues 179
Night-heron, White-eared 31
nightingaleensis, Katechonemertes 128
Nightjar, Bonaparte's 153
Nightjar, Cayenne 198
Nightjar, Itombwe 43
Nightjar, Long-trained 153
Nightjar, Puerto Rican 43
Nightjar, Pygmy 153
Nightjar, Roraiman 153
Nightjar, Salvadori's 198
Nightjar, Sickle-winged 153
Nightjar, Vaurie's 43
Nightjar, White-winged 43
nigra abingdoni, Geochelone 234
mgra fcec<:i, Geochelone 234
nigra chathamensis, Geochelone 234
nigra darwini, Geochelone 234
nigra ephippium, Geochelone 234
nigra galapagoensis, Geochelone 234
nigra guntheri, Geochelone 235
nigra hoodensis, Geochelone 235
nigra microphyes, Geochelone 235
nigra porteri, Geochelone 235
nigra vandenburghi, Geochelone 235
nigra vicina, Geochelone 235
nigra, Astrapia 164
nigra, Geochelone 65
nigra, Macaca 15
nigra, Melanoperdix 149
nigra, Pomarea 52
nigra, Tandonia 215
nigra, Trithemis 107
nigrescens, Gila 72
nigrescens, Macaca 129
nigrescens, Pacifastacus 93
nigrescens, Prognathochromis 184
nigrescens, Russatus 214
nigrescens, Thoopterus 136
nigricans nigricans, Poecilmitis 252
nigricans zwartbergae, Poecilmitis 252
324
nigricans, Aspideretes 65
nigricans, Chinemys 200
nigricans, Padogobius 87
nigricapillus, Lioptilus 159
nigricauda, Liobagrus 76
nigriceps, Ardeotis 37
nigriceps, Callithrix 14
nigriceps, Orthotomus 159
nigricollis hernandezi, Saguinus 221
nigricollis, Grus 36
nigrifrons rubidus. Cephalophus 228
nigrifrons, Cephalophus 141
nigrigenis, Agapomis 39
nigriloris, Estrilda 57
nigrimas, Oryzias 80
nigrimentum, Ploceus 57
nigrinoda, Graptemys 166
nigripes, Dacnis 54
nigripes, Hylopeles 142
nigripes, Muslela 177
nigripinnis, Coregonus 183
nigrirostris, Andigena 1 54
nigrita, Scotophilus 139
nigritella, Trochomorpha 217
nigritus, Epinephelus 82
nigriventer, Discogiossus 182
nigrivestis, Eriocnemis 43
nigrobrunnea, Tyto 42
nigrocapillus, Nothocercus 146
nigrocapitatus, Stenopelmatus 133
nigrocinctus, Procambarus 95
nigrocoerula subtropica, Cicindela 248
nigrocyaneus, Todirhamphus 154
nigrofasciatus, Puntius 132
nigrogularis, Clytorhynchus 158
nigrogularis, Phalacrocorax 147
nigrogularis, Psophodes 52
nigrohamatum, Megalagrion 171
nigrolineatum, Megalagrion 106
nigrolineatus, Syngnathus 205
nigromaculatus, Yunnanilus 75
nigropectus, Biatas 45
nigropunctatus, Ponlinus 82
nigrorufa, Ficedula 158
nigrorufa, Sporophila 55
nigrorufus, Centropus 42
nigrorum, Stachyris 52
nigrostriata, Galaxiella 168
nigroviridis, Allenopithecus 140
nihoae, Banza 109
nihoae, Nysius 251
nihoaensis, Eupelmus 251
nihoaensis, Sclerodermus 251
niihauensis, Odynerus 251
ni'Ar/jiZi, Oligodon 200
nikolausi, Megadendromus 24
Nilgai 130
nilgiriensis, Parantica 171
Nilssonia 66
Niltava, Fujian 159
Niltava 159
nimbae, Crocidura 241
nimherlinus, Prymnbriareus 244
nimbus, Oreokera 214
njnae, Zaprochilus 109
Ningbingia 122
Mnox 42, 152
niofce, Lariscus 142
n/ofce, Orachrysops 103
nipalensis, Aceros 44
nipalensis. Bubo 152
nipalensis. Pitta 156
NIPHARGIDAE 90, 237
Niphargobates 90
Niphargus 90, 237
niphobles, Takifugu 207
nippon aplodontus. Cervus 227
nippon grassianus, Cervus 227
nippon keramae, Cervus 227
nippon kopschi, Cervus 227
nippon mandarinus, Cervus 227
nippon mantchuricus, Cervus 227
nippon pseudaxis, Cervus 111
nippon pulchellus, Cervus 227
nippon sichuanicus, Cervus 227
nippon taiouanus, Cervus 111
nippon yesoensis. Cervus 227
nippon, Nipponia 31
Nipponia 31
Nirodia 103
nishinoi, Cyathopoma 210
niledula. Dryomys 145
nilella, Dupontia 124
nitendiensis, Pteropus 9
nitens, Cochlicopa 245
nitens, Haliplus 249
nitida, Ogasawarana 209
nitidissima, Alectroenas 180
nitidissima, Chlorochrysa 54
nitidulus, Formicoxenus 100
nitidus, Liolaemus 199
Nitocreila 96
f!ito(, Atelognathus 66
nitratoides exilis, Dipodomys 232
nitraloides nitratoides, Dipodomys Til
nitratoides, Dipodomys 142
nivalis, Chionomys 143
nivalis, Daphnia 91
nivalis, Leptonycteris 1 1
niveatus, Epinephelus 82
niveogularis, Aegithalos 161
Niveoscincus 60
nivicola borealis, Ovis 229
nivicola nivicola, Ovis 230
nivicola, Ovis 131
Niviventer 144
njombe, Cisticola 158
noanamae, Bucco 154
nobilis, Gambusia 80
nobilis, Moho 181
nobilis, Petaurista 142
nobrei, Conus 120
Nobuea 210
Noctepuna 214
noctitherus, Caprimulgus 43
noctivagus, Crypturellus 146
NOCTUIDAE 186,253
Nodipecten 209
nodosa, Partula 191
nodosus, Alsodes 201
noguchii. Sapheopipo 45
nokomis caerulescens, Speyeria 253
nokomis nokomis, Speyeria 253
nollothi, Aloeides 102
nolthenii, Vandeleuria 27
Nomoramphus 205
Nomorhamphus 81
Nonnula 154
nonpareil, Chilonopsis 192
Nopili, Oopu 169
norae, Sudisorex 8
nordmanni, Glareola 150
norfolcensis, Petaurus 135
Norfolcioconch 123
norfolkensis, Norfolcioconch 123
norfolkensis, Posticobia 188
noricum, Bythiospeum 115
norrisi, Acicula 1 1 3
nortoni, Stygobromus 89
nossima, Amauris 104
notabilis, Binneya 213
notabilis, Lichmera 199
notabilis, Nestor 152
Notarthrinus 252
notata, Campethera 154
notata, Kimberleyeleotris 169
notatus, Cotumicops 198
notatus, Thomasomys 145
Notechis 234
notera, Palline 214
Nothaldonis 248
nothapalinus crenatum, Opeas 240
Nothobranchius 79
Nothocercus 146
nothofagi, Eusthenia 209
Nothomyrmecia 101
Nothoprocta 29
Nothura, Lesser 29
Nothura 29
Notiomystis 54
notius, Micropterus 169
Notochelys 200
Notodiaptomus 92
NOTODROMADIDAE 98
Notomys 25, 144, 178
NOTONEMOURIDAE 254
Notopala 120
NOTOPTERIDAE 167
Notopteris 9
NOTORYCTEMORPHIA 4
Notoryctes 4
NOTORYCTIDAE 4
notosaurus, Oligosoma 243
notosticta, Aimophila 162
NOTOSTRACA 97
Notropis 73, 168, 183, 202
nottensis, Cupedora 122
Noturus 75, 168,203
noualhieri, Monomorirm 100
novacaledoniae, Rhantus 185
novacapitalis, Scytalopus 46
novaeangliae, Megaptera 18
novaeguineae, Harpyopsis 33
novaeguineac, Planigale 3
novaehebudorum. Hippocampus 81
novaeseelandiae, Falco 149
novaeseetandiae, Thinomis 37
novaesi, Philydor 45
novaezelandiae, Cotumix 180
novaezelandiae, Himantopus 37
novaezelandiae, Ixobrychus 179
325
novelta, Amplirhagada 256
Novumbra 168
Nsess 86
nuba, Neotis 150
nubiana, Capra 21
nubila caymanensis, Cyclura 234
nubila lewisi, Cyclura 234
nubila nubila, Cyclura 234
nubila, Cyclura 60
nubila, Polyphylla 250
nubilus, Aloeides 102
nubrica, Ochotona 242
nuchale, Etheostorrm 83
nuchalis, Garrulax 159
nuchalis, Parus 53
nuchisquamulatus, Xystichromis 86
nucifraga, Cherax 208
nucleopsis, Pleurobema 112
nudicollis, Procnias 156
nudicostata, Setomedea 174
nudiventris , Acipenser 235
nudiventris, Acipenser 70
nudiventris, Typhlobarbus 74
nueces, Procambarus 95
Nukupuu 56
nulemex, Mexistenasellus 97
nulloporius, Engaeus 95
Numbat 3
Numenius 37, 38, 150
numidicus, Theodoxus 209
nunatakensis, Dicrostonyx 197
Nunlet, Chestnut-headed 154
nuptialis, Anoplolepis 100
nusatenggara, Cynopterus 136
Nuthatch, Algerian 53
Nuthatch, Beautiful 53
Nuthatch, Corsican 161
Nuthatch, Giant 53
Nuthatch, Snowy-browed 161
Nuthatch, White-browed 53
Nuthatch, Yellow-billed 53
Nuthatch, Yunnan 53
nux, Bulimulus 126
nyakalensis, Litoria 66
Nyala 131
Nyala, Mountain 22
nyanzae, Harpagochromis 184
nyassanus, Bulinus 113
Nyctalus 13, 138
n.vcrea5, Neptis 253
nvctelia, Cecilioides 215
NYCTERIDAE 10, 136
Nycteris 10, 136
Nycticebus 14
Nycticeius 139
Nycticorax 179
Nyctimene 9, 136, 177
Nyctimystes 66
Nyctiphrynus 153
Nyctophilus 13, 139, 177
nylephtha, Ecchlorolestes 171
Nymph, Sthenele Wood 253
nympha. Pitta 47
NYMPHALIDAE 104, 170, 208, 237,
244, 253
Nymphophilus 256
nyoraensis, Boeckella 91
nyroca, Aythya 32
Nysius 251
ny-5io««-r, Lanistes 1 14
oahuense, Megalagrion 106
oahuensis, Nesopupa 216
oahuensis, Phyllococcus 186
oaii5, Hydroporus 248
oaxacae, Kinostemon 166
oaxacensis, Microtus 144
obbiensis, Spizocorys 157
Ofce/ui 126
oberi. Icterus 163
oberlaenderi, Zoothera 161
oberthueri, Pyrenaearia 175
oberthurii, Ideopsis 104
obesa, Brazieria 217
obesiuscula, Boettgeria 123
obesoductus, Arion 213
obesulus fusciventer, Isoodon 219
obesulus nauticus, Isoodon 219
obesulus obesulus, Isoodon 219
obesulus peninsulae, Isoodon 219
obesus , Thunnus 88
obesus, Thunnus 236
obeyensis, Cambarus 93
obiensis, Melomys 144
obliquata obliquata, Dysnomia 255
obliquata obliquata, Epioblasma 238
obliquata perobliqua, Dysnomia 255
obliquata perobliqua, Epioblasma 238
obliquicosta, Pupilla 191
obliquidens, Haplochromis 85
obliquidens, Lagenorhynchus 242
obliquus, Chaetodon 84
obliquus, Elasmodontomys 179
obliviosus, Rousettus 136
oblonga, Chelodina 165
Obovaria 111, 172
obruta, Helix 125
obscura, Edelia 82
obscura, Luscinia 51
obscura, Metrarga 251
obscura, Pentarthrum 248
obscura, Telmatherina 79
obscurus, Lariscus 142
obscurus, Artibeus 137
obscurus, Carcharhinus 69
obscurus, Charadrius 37
obscurus, Hemignathus 181
obscurus, Hipposideros 136
obscurus, Lagenorhynchus 195
obscurus, Mesomys 197
obscurus, Tetraophasis 149
obserata, Actinella 174
obsoleta neojuvenalis, Cicindela 248
obtecta, Spirorbula 174
obtusidens, Gaurochromis 184
obtusifrons, Hephaestus 206
obtusirostris, Calcochloris 241
obtusirostris, Salmothymus 11
obtusus, Cylindrus 174
obtusus. Sorruitogyrus 212
Ocarfia 166,200
occidentalis lacusanserinus,
Catostomus 246
occidentalis sonorensis, Poeciliopsis
236
occidentalis, Avahi 14
occidentalis, Daphnia 91
occidentalis, Dysithamnus 45
occidentalis, Geopsittacus 41
occidentalis, Glacidorbis 113
occidentalis, Leucoptemis 33
occidentalis, Linderiella 169
occidentalis, Mouldingia 122
occidentalis, Nectophrynoides 66
occidentalis, Onychorhynchus 47
occidentalis, Otomys 25
occidentalis, Pila 173
occidentalis, Poeciliopsis 168
occidentalis, Pseudocheirus 4
occidentalis, Pseudohydromys 26
occidentalis, Pseudomys 26
occidentalis, Ptychobranchus 172
occidentalis, Strix 153
occidentalis, Triodopsis 215
occidentaloides, Trimerotropis 108
occiduus, Celestus 182
occiduus, Gerbillus 24
Occirhenea 127
occulens, Trimerotropis 108
occulta, Vertigo 175
occullata, Leptoxis 1 1 8
oceanicum, Megalagrion 106
oceanicus, Lacconectus 249
Oceanides 251
Oceanites 197
Oceanodroma 30, 146, 197, 198
ocellata lyncus, Lethe 253
ocellata. Agriocharis 149
ocellata, Leipoa 34
ocellata, Morenia 166
ocellata, Phelsuma 165
ocellata, Rheinardia 35
ocellata, Tumix 149
ocellatus smithi, Rhodeus 236
ocellatus, Cyrtonyx 149
Ocelot, Texas 223
Ochotona 28, 146, 197, 233, 242
OCHOTONIDAE 28, 146, 179, 197, 233,
242
ochracea, Leptodea 172
ochraceifrons, Grallaricula 155
ochraceiventris, Leptotila 39
ochraceus, Contopus 156
ochreata brunnescens, Macaca 245
ochreata, Macaca 194
ochrocephala, Mohoua 5 1
ochrogaster, Penelope 34
ochrogaster, Rhipidomys 145
ochroleucus, Hylopezus 155
ochropectus, Francolinus 35
ochropyga, Drymophila 155
Ochrotrichia 254
ochsneri, Bulimulus 126
Ochthebius 249
Ochthoeca 156
ochthogyra, Omphalotropis 210
Oclandius 248
oconnori, Rhytida 127
octaploidus, Bulinus 173
octava, Ningbingia 122
Octodon 28
OCTODONTIDAE 28
326
f
I
octolamellata, Taipidon 190
octomaculala, Dal la 208
oclosetaceus, Mergus 32
ocularis, Graphiurus 28
ocularis, Pteropus 9
oculata, Stagonopleura 163
oculifera, Graptemys 64
oculta, Parapheidole 101
Ocyceros 154
ODOBENIDAE 224
Odobenus 224
Odocoileus 227
odomae, Memllura 153
ODONATA 105, 171, 187. 208, 237, 244
ODONTASPIDIDAE 69
odontina, Erepta 125
ODONTOCERIDAE 255
Odontodiaptomus 207
Odontophorus 35, 149
Odontopodisma 108
Odynerus 251
Oecanthus 108
Oecetis 254
Oecomys 25
oeconomus amakensis, Microtus 232
oeconomus elymocetes, Microtus 232
oeconomus innuilus. Microtus 232
oeconomus popofensis, Microtus 232
oeconomus punukensis, Microtus lil
oeconomus sitkensis, Microtus 232
oeconomus, Microtus 144
Oedemasylus 185
oedippus, Coenonympha 171
oedipus, Saguinus 14
oedipus, Schistura 75
oenanthe, Callicebus 14
oen<3A:, Wilfredomys 242
Oenomys 197
oenops, Columba 38
Oeobia 186
Oeoblia 253
oerstedi citrinellus, Saimiri 222
oerstedi oerstedi, Saimiri 222
oerstedii, Saimiri 15
Oestophora 174
Offachloritis 122
offella, Boromys 178
ogasawarae, Boninena 121
ogasawarae, Boninosuccinea 128
ogasawarana, Gastrocopta 191
ogasawarana, Lamellidea 120
ogasawarana, Ogasawarana 209
ogasawarana, Trochochlamys 124
Ogasawarana 112,209
ogasawarensis, Hemicordulia 106
ogasawarensis, Rhinocypha 106
OgiVfcifl 204
ogilbyi crusalbum, Cephalophus 228
ogilbyi, Melanotaenia 205
ogilbyi, Cephalophus 141
og/ei, Stachyris 52
Ogmodon 62
ogmoraphe, Pyrgulopsis 256
Ognorhynchus 41
oheoheana, Spheterista 254
ohridana, Acantholingua 11
Ohridohauffenia 188
oinotheke, Eucrenonaspides 90
Ojiazul, Guayacon 184
okalehubyi, Hydaticus 248
okaloosae, Etheostoma 83
okamurai, Cipangocharax 213
Okapi 141
Okapia 141
okatie, Elassoma 83
okeana, Allocharopa 174
okiensis, Hynobius 68
okinawae, Gallirallus 36
okinawanus, Rhipidolestes 107
okinawensis, Hemicordulia 106
oklediensis, Melanotaenia 78
okuensis, Lamottemys 24
okuensis, Myosorex 7
olailae, Callicebus 194
Olallamys 146
oleacina, Videna 217
Oleacina 190
OLEACINIDAE 190, 215
oleagineus, Zosterops 54
olearia, Ranella 173
oZ/ox, Mycteroperca 83
Oliarces 254
Oliarus 251
Oligoaeschna 106
OLIGOCHAETA 109. 172
Oligodon 200
oligolepis, Toxotes 244
Oligolepis 169
OLIGONEURIIDAE 250
Oligophlebodes, Tombstone Prairie255
Oligophlebodes 255
Oligoryzomys 25, 144
Oligosoma 60, 61, 165, 200, 243
olivacea, Carelia 189
olivacea, Lepidochelys 63
olivacea, Nasuella 195
olivacea, Pyrgulopsis 211
olivaceofuscus, Turdus 161
olivaceus, Criniger 48
olivaceus, Geocolaptes 154
olivaceus, Hypsipetes 48
olivaceus, Varanus 61
Olive-pigeon, Comoro 151
oliveri, Cyclodina 243
oliveri, Haematopinus 98
oliviae, Columba 38
olivieri, Amaurornis 36
o/i'viV, Tumix 35
olivula, Elimia 117
ollula, Sylvisorex 241
Olm 68
Olomao 51
Oloplotosus 76
olrogi, Andalgalomys 23
olympiae, Carabus 98
omalonotus, Pachypanchax 243
omeiensis, Liocichla 51
Omphalotropis 114, 187,210,256
Onager 225
onca, Panthera 140
onca, /fa/Ml 68
Onchobarus 248
Onchomys 233
Onchotelson 97
Oncifelis 16,241
Onconotus 109
Oncorhynchus 11, 204. 247
Ondatra 233
oniscus, Oryzomys 144
onondagaensis, Stygobromus 89
Ofii/owi, Phalacrocorax 31
Onthophagus 250
Onychodiaptomus 207
Onychogalea 4, 177
Onychognathus 57
Onychogomphus 107
Onychomys 233
ONYCHOPHORA 109, 171, 187, 209, 255
Onychorhynchus 47
Onychostoma 73
Oo, Bishop's 54
Oo, Hawaii 181
Oo, Kauai 54
Oo, Oahu 181
oophorus, Xenopoecilus 81
Oopu 206
oosthuizen, Lepidochrysops 103
opalescens, Cynolebias 79
Opanara 123
oparica, Ruatara 123
Opata. Malalote 75
Opea.! 240
Openbill, Asian 147
operculina, Hirasea 124
Opheodrvs 165
OPHIDIIFORMES 77, 204. 247
Ophidiocephalus 60
Ophiogomphus 244
Ophiogomphus 107. 171. 238
Ophisternon 82, 205
Ophrvsia 35
OPILIONES 88
opiocephalus, Zosterisessor 207
opiranus, Turgenitubulus 122
opislherythra, Rhipidura 160
opisthomelas, Puffinus 30
Opisthopatus 187
Opisthotropis 61,200
Opsaridium 73
optima, Ogasawarana 209
Optioservus 249
opudi, Telmatherina 79
opuntia, Micrarionta 125
Orachrysops 103
oralis, Pseudomys 26
Orambanonga 208
Orambato 208
Orang-utan 16
Orangia 123
oratrix, Amazona 40
Oravelia 251
orbicularis, Emys 165
orbignyi, Rhantus 185
orbitalus, Hemitriccus 156
orca, Notropis 183
orca, Orcinus 129
Orcaella 195
orcesi, Pyrrhura 41
Orchesticus 162
ORCHESTIIDAE 90
orcinus orcinus, Niphargus lYl
327
orcinus, Procambarus 95
Orcinus 129
Orconectes 94, 237
orconectoides, Hobbseus 94
orcula, Pupisoma 133
Orcula 175,215
ORCULIDAE 175,215
Ordtrachia 122, 174
Oreailurus 16
orea.? oreai, Lepidochrysops 252
areas, Chrysoritis 170
areas, Dendromus 23
areas, Picathartes 52
ORECTOLOBIFORMES 201
aregona, Dolophilodes 255
Oregonian, Mission Creek 127
Oregonichthys 73, 168
oreias, Myatis 194
oreinos, Trichia 215
Oreisplanus 252
Oreochromis 85, 247
Oreoglanis 76
OREOHELICIDAE 126,239
Oreohelix 126,239
Oreokera 214
Oreolyce 252
Oreomanes 162
Oreomava 123, 214
Oreomystis 56
Oreonecles 75
Oreophasis 34
areophila, Catamenia 162
oreopolus, Sorex 136
Oreoscapus 159
Oreothraupis 55
oreotragus parteousi, Oreotragus 229
oreotragus, Oreatragus 131
Oreotragus 131, 229
Oreotrochilus 153
oresterus, Heteramys 142
Orestias 80, 168, 205
organiaca, Pyrenaearia 175
orgygia, Belenois 253
Oribi 131
Oribi, Haggard's 229
Oribi, Kenya 229
oriensis, Srilankamys 145
orientalis aphion, Ovis 230
orientalis arkal, Ovis 230
orientalis bocharensis, Ovis 230
orientalis cyclaceros, Ovis 230
orientalis gmelinii, Ovis 230
orientalis isphahanica, Ovis 230
orientalis laristanica, Ovis 230
orientalis musiman, Ovis 230
orientalis orientalis, Ovis 245
orientalis punjabiensis, Ovis 230
orientalis severtzovi, Ovis 230
orientalis vignei, Ovis 230
orientalis, Collocalia 198
orientalis, Crocidura 7
orientalis, Jaculus 143
orientalis, Magurnda IM
orientalis, Mouldingia 122
orientalis, Ovis 21
orientalis, Paradelma 60
orientalis, Poecilmitis 103
orientalis, Uperoleia 201
orientalis, Vespertilia 13
orientissimus, Microcryptorhynchus248
Origma 159
Origma 159
oWi, Crocidura 7
orinocensis, Lonchorhirta 137
orinus, Galagoides 194
Oriole, Black 164
Oriole, Isabela 57
Oriole, Martinique 56
Oriole, Montserrat 163
Oriole, Sao Tome 57
Oriole, Silver 57
Oriole, St Lucia 163
Oriolia 49
ORIOLIDAE 57, 164, 199
Ono/»i 57, 164
oriplancta, Dirce 252
oriundus, Sylvisorex 8
OWi/w 166
omata, Terrapene 166
ornata, Lampsilis 172
ornata, Perdicella 213
ornata, Urocissa 58
omatus, Scotomanes 139
ornatus, Anthops 10
omatus, Liophis 61
ornatus, Pteropus 9
ornatus, Tremarctos 18
Ornipholidotos 252
Ornithoptera 105, 171, 208, 244
Oroaetus 148
oron, Philocasca 255
Oropendola, Baud% 56
orophobata, Niphargobates 90
orostruthus, Arcanator 50
Orpheus, Pachycephala 160
orramakunna, Engaeus 96
Ortalis 34
ORTHALICIDAE 126, 190, 215, 239. 256
Orthalicus 215
Orthetrum 209, 238
Onhogeomys 22, 142
orthognathus, Oryzias 80
ORTHOPTERA 108, 133, 187, 209, 254
orthostoma, Platyla 210
orthostoma, Pyxichromis 86
Orthotomus 51, 159
ort(Z(, Incaspiza 162
oO(Z(, Oestophora 174
ortmanni. Villosa 256
ortoni, Penelope 34
orycta, Pronesopupa 216
Oryctes 250
Orymaeus 121
Oryx, Arabian 21
Oryx, Beisa 229
Oryx, Fringe-eared 229
Oryx, Scimitar-horned 21
orv,)i:, Tragelaphus 131
Ory^: 21, 131,229
Oryzias 80, 81
oryzivora, Padda 57
Oryzoborus 162
Oryzomys 25, 144, 178, 197, 233
orza/, Helicella 174
osborni, Clidomys 179
Osbornictis 195
osbumi, Etheostoma 169
osburni, Vireo 163
oscillans, Rhinomyias 160
oscitans, Anastomus 147
oscitans, Potamopyrgus 173
osculus ssp., Rhinichthys 246
osgoodi, Monodelphis 3
osgoodi, Rhinolophus 194
osgoodi, Tinamus 197
osimensis, Tokudaia 11
osmana, Papilio 105
OSMERIDAE 76, 204
Osmerus 204
Osmoderma 99
osorio, Crocidura 7
Ospatulus 73
ostenta, Coracina 48
OSTEOGLOSSIDAE 70, 167, 202
OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES 70, 167, 202
Osteolaemus 58
Ostodes 212
OSTREOIDA 209
otagense, Oligosoma 61
otaheitana, Partula 127
otareae, Sinployea 190
OTARIIDAE 17,224,242
othcaloogensis, Dysnomia 255
othcaloogensis, Epioblasma 110
othnius, Kondoconcha 123
othus, Lepus 242
OTIDIDAE 37, 150, 242
0/1.S 37
Otocolobus 223, 241
Otolemur 139
Otomops 13
Otomys 25, 144
Otopteropus 9
Otter, European 245
Otter, Giant 17
Otter, Hairy-nosed 17
Otter, La Plata 245
Otter, Marine 17
Otter, Oriental Small-clawed 140
Otter, Smooth-coated 17
Otter, Southern River 17
Otter-civet 18
Otter-shrew, Nimba 5
Otter-shrew, Ruwenzori 5
ottomana, Erebia 253
Om.r 42, 152, 153,245,246
o(waven.?ii, Oreomava 123
Ou 56
ouachitae, Plethodon 167
oualanensis, Delos 216
oubanguii, Mus 25
Ougapia 216
ourebi haggardi, Ourebia 229
ourebi keniae, Ourebia 229
ourebi, Ourebia 131
Ourebia 131,229
oustaleti, Phylloscartes 156
outeniqua, Lepidochrysops 103
ovata. Lampsilis 172
ovata. Vertigo 175
ovatula, Palaina 210
328
oviforme, Pleurobema 112
Ovis 21, 131,229,230,245
ovuliformis, Cylichnidia 124
owenii, Apteryx 29
Owl, Andaman Hawk 152
Owl, Andaman Scops 152
Owl, Buff-fronted 152
Owl, Fearful 42
Owl, Laughing 181
Owl, Madagascar Red 42
Owl, Mauritian 181
Owl, Powerful 42
Owl, Rodrigues Little 181
Owl, Spotted 153
Owl, Unspotted Saw-whet 152
Owlet, Albertine 42
Owlet, Chestnut-backed 152
Owlet, Forest 42
Owlet, Long-whiskered 153
Owlet-nightjar, New Caledonian 43
owstoni, Chrotogale 18
owstoni, Gallirallus 180
Ox, Vu Quang 22
oxiana, Naja 200
oxleyana, Nannoperca 82
Oxychaeta 103
Oxychilus 128, 175
Oxyeleotris 206
Oxyepoecus 101
Oxyethira 254
Oxygastra 106
Oxylapia 85
Oxyloma 128
Oxymycterus 25
oxyrhynchus, Notropis 202
oxyrhynchus, Prototroctes 183
oxyrinchus desotoi, Acipenser 235
oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, Acipenser 235
oxyrinchus, Acipenser 167
oxyrinchus, Coregonus 204
oxytropis, Discula 124
oxyura, Treron 151
Oxyura 32
oyapocki, Neusticomys 25
Oystercatcher, African 150
Oystercatcher, Canary Islands 180
Oystercatcher, Chatham Islands 37
ozarkensis, Fusconaia 172
ozarkensis, Pyrgulopsis 21 1
ozarkensis, Somatochlora 171
ozarkensis, Stygobromus 89
ozensis, Myotis 194
Ozotoceros 141,227
Pacarana 28
pachomai, Kawanphila 109
Pachycephala 132, 159, 160
pachycephalus, Cyprinodon 79
pachycephalus, Harpagochromis 184
pachycheilus, Cephalakompsus 71
Pachychilon 168,202
pachygaster, Liosaccus 88
pachyotis, Eptesicus 138
Pachypanchax 79, 243
Pachyramphus 156
pachyrhyncha, Rhynchopsitta 41
pachyrhynchus, Eudyptes 29
Pachysaga 109
pachysloma, Ryssota 215
Pachystyla 190
pachyta, Pyrgulopsis 211
Pacifastacus 93
pacifica. Drepanis 181
pacifica, Gallinula 36
pacifica, Myrmosula 251
pacifica, Syncaris 93
pacificum, Megalagrion 106
pacificus, Gallirallus 180
pacificus, Larus 150
pacificus, Mesoplodon 196
pacificus, Octodon 28
pacij, Doronomyrmex 100
packardi, Lepidurus 97
fafida 57, 163
Paddlefish 70
Paddlefish, Chinese 70
Pademelon, Calaby's4
Pademelon, Dusky 4
Pademelon, New Guinea 4
padiraci, Bythinella 115
Padogobius 87, 169
pagensis pagensis, Macaca 245
pagensis, Macaca 15
pagensis, Maxomys 144
pagoda, Gyrotoma 117
pagodiformis, Bellamya 120
pagodula, Turgenitubulus 122
pagodula, Videna 2\7
pagrus, Pagrus 84
Pagrus 84
pagurus, Isothrix 146
paillona, Renea 113
Pait 73
Palacanthilhiopsis 116
palaciosi, Iberocypris 72
Paladilhia 116, 173
Paladilhiopis 116
Palaemnema 108
Palaemoneles 95
Palaemonias 93
PALAEMONIDAE 95
palaemophagus, Ospatulus 73
palaestinensis, Acicula 1 1 3
palaestinensis, Slrongylogrmthus 102
Palaina 210,211,256
Palata 74
palata, Spratellicypris 74
palatilis, Zyzomys 27
palatina, Neoloma 144
Pa/a«a 215
palauensis, Assiminea 210
palauensis, Megazoslerops 161
palawanense, Malacopteron 51
palawanensis, Crocidura 1
palawanensis, Tupaia 8
Palawanomys 25
fa/ra 166
Paleoxenus 249
palfreymani, Niveoscincus 60
Palikirus lU
Palila 56
pallasi hamica, Ochotona 233
pallasi sunidica, Ochotona 233
palliata aequatorialis, Alouatta 241
palliata mexicana, Alouatta 221
pallialus, Cinclodes 45
palliatus, Paraxerus 22
pallida, Jardinella 116
pallida, Vulpes 195
pallidiceps. Atlapetes 54
pallidiceps, Columba 38
pallididorsum, Etheostoma 83
pallidigaster, Anthreptes 53
pallidipectoris, Acanthochelys 62
pallidistylus, Diaphlebia 107
pallidula, Nehalennia 106
pallidus restrictus, Microdipodops 232
pallidus, Conolophus 59
pallidus, Euoticus 139
pallidus, Luciogobius 206
pallidus, Phloeomys IA4
pallidus, Sphiggurus 178
fa//i«e 214
pallipes, Austropotamobius 93
pallipes, Cyornis 158
palliseri, Bradypterus 158
Palmal, Cachorrito de Charco 1 83
palmarum, Charmosyna 152
palmar um, Corvus 164
palmarum, Rattus 26
palmeri, Myadestes 51
palmeri, Porzana 180
palmeri, Rhodacanthis 181
palmeri, Tamias 22
Palmeria 56
Palpopleura 107
pa/«, Atrophaneura 208
paludica, Cobitis 168
paludicola, Acrocephalus 49
Paludinella 210,211
Paludiscala 116
Paludomus 119
palumboides, Columba 151
palustre, Pellomeum 51
palustris hefiieri, Sylvilagus 234
palustris natator, Oryzomys 233
palustris, Crocodylus 58
palustris, Quiscalus 182
palustris, Sporophila 55
palustris, Tropodiaptomus 207
Pampa-finch, Pale-throated 162
pa«, Poecilmitis 208
fan 16,223
panamensis, Tylomys 27
panamintus, Gerrhonotus 59
panarcys, Cyprinella 71
Panchala 252
pancheri, Leuchocharis 126
Panda, Giant 17
Panda, Lesser 18
Pandaka 87
Pangasianodon 76
PANGASIIDAE 76, 203
Pangasius 203
pang lima, Maxomys 144
Pangolin, Chinese 142
Pangolin, Indian 142
Pangolin, Malayan 142
Pangolin, Temminck's Ground 142
pani, Cuora 200
panini, Penelopides 44
paniscus, Ateles 241
329
paniscus, Pan 16
panizzai, Knipowitschia 206
pannonico, Sadleriana 116
panonica, Imnadia 92
Panoquina 170, 252
panoquinoides errans, Panoquina 252
Pantagenia 186
Pantanodon 80
Panther, Florida 224
Panthera 16, 140, 223, 224
pantheratus, Anetia 170
pantherina, Percina 84
Pantholops 21
Pantinonemertes 217
pantostictum. Cichlasoma 85
Panuco, Bagre del 203
Panulena 190
Papagomys 25, 178
Papasula 30
Papilio 244
papilio, Eurypegasus 205
Papilio, Taita Blue-banded 253
Papilio 105, 171, 208, 244, 253
PAPILIONIDAE 105, 171,208,244,253
Papillodenna 175
PAPILLODERMIDAE 175
Papillogobius 169
papulosa, Pseudibis 147
papio, Papio 140
Pap/o 140
Pappogeomys 22. 23, 142
papua, Hipposideros 10
papuae. Melanotaenia 243
papuanus, Pipistrellus 139
papuanus, Rhantus 185
papuensis, Archboldia 58
papuensis, Clupeoides 202
papuensis, Microperoryctes 193
papuensis, Otomops 13
papuensis, Spilocuscus 193
Papuexul 174
Papustyla 214
papyracea, Achatinella 1 88
Paracoelops 10
Paracoenia 250
Paracrocidura 241
Paracrocidura 1
Paracyclopia 92
Paracymus 249
Paradelma 60
Paradiaptomus 92
Paradigalla, Long-tailed 164
Paradigalla 164
Paradisaea 58, 164
PARADISAEIDAE 58, 164, 199
Paradise-flycatcher, Annobon53
Paradise-flycatcher, Bedford's 160
Paradise-flycatcher, Blue 160
Paradise-flycatcher, Cerulean 50
Paradise-flycatcher, Japanese 160
Paradise-flycatcher. Rufous 160
Paradise-flycatcher, Seychelles53
Paradise-kingfisher, Biakl54
Paradise-kingfisher, Little 198
paradisea, Crus 36
paradisea, Omithoptera 244
Paradisefish, Ornate 132
paradiseus, Ptiloris 164
paradoxa. Vertigo 217
paradoxa, Carelia 189
paradoxa, Carinurella 90
Paradoxa 213
paradoxolophus, Rhinolopfius 1 1
Paradoxornis 51. 160
paradoxura, Crocidura 7
Paradoxurus 18.224
paradoxus, Cardiocranius 23
paradoxus, Reithrodontomys 145
paradoxus, Solenodon 5
Paraegista 213
parafragilior, Megalobulimus 126
Paragalaxias. Arthurs 77
Paragalaxias 11
Paragomphus 107
paraguiarti, Prognathochromis 184
Parahelicops 200
Parakeet. Antipodes 40
Parakeet. Black-fronted 181
Parakeet, Blue-chested 41
Parakeet. Carolina 180
Parakeet, Cuban 40
Parakeet, Derbyan 152
Parakeet, EI Oro 41
Parakeet, Ranie-winged41
Parakeet, Golden 40
Parakeet, Golden-capped 40
Parakeet, Golden-plumed 41
Parakeet, Grey-cheeked 152
Parakeet, Hispaniolan40
Parakeet. Horned 40
Parakeet, Intermediate41
Parakeet, Mauritius 41
Parakeet, Newton's 181
Parakeet. Nicobar 152
Parakeet. Norfolk Island 40
Parakeet. Raiatea 180
Parakeet, Red-masked 152
Parakeet, Rose-headed 152
Parakeet, Rufous-fronted 40
Parakeet. Santa Marta 41
Parakeet. Slender-billed 152
Parakeet. Socorro 40
Parakeet. White-necked 41
Parakeet, Yellow-fronted 152
Paralabidochromis 85
Paralabrax 168
Paraleptomys 25
Paralucia 103
Parambassis 206
Paramelania 119
Paramenia 90
PARAMELITIDAE 90, 185
Paramesotriton 68
paramicrus, Nesophontes 111
Paramiella 212
Paramorariopsis 96
Paranaspides 90
Parantechinus 3
Parantica 104, 171,244
Paranyctimene 136
Parapheidole 101
Paraphlebia 107
Paraphoxinus 13, 202
Parapinnixa 96
paraplagiostoma, Harpagochromis 184
Pararge 253
Pararlemia 91
parasitica, Manica 100
parasitica, Pheidole 101
parasiticum, Tetramorium 102
PARASTACIDAE 95, 208
PARASTENOCARIDIDAE 133
paratactis, Scotorythra 186
Paralelmatobius 67, 243
Paratherina 78
Paratica 237
Paratilapia 244
Paravitrea 175
Paraxerus 22. 142
pardalis albescens, Leopardus 223
Pardalote. Forty-spotted 53
Pardalotus 53
Pardiglanis 203
pardinus. Lynx 16
Pardofelis 195
Pardosa 88
pardus japonensis, Panthera 223
pardus kotiya, Panthera 223
pardus melas, Panthera 223
pardus nimr, Panthera 223
pardus orientalis, Panthera 223
pardus panthera, Panthera 223
pardus saxicolor, Panthera 223
pardus tulliana, Panthera 224
Pareas 200
parens, Cettia 158
Paretroplus 85
pariae, Myioborus 56
PARIDAE 53. 161
Parides 105, 171,208
parilis, Granulina 213
parina, Xenodacnis 163
parinacotensis, Orestias 205
parkeri, Chelodina 62
parkeri, Cylloepus 249
parkeri, Herpsilochmus 46
parkinsoni, Procellaria 30
parma, Macropus 135
Parmacella 127
PARMACELLIDAE 127
pamaguae, Megaxenops 45
Parnassian, Shepard's CIodius253
Parnassian. Strohbeen's CIodius253
Pamassius 105, 253
paropius, Enterochromis 85
Paroreomyza 56, 163, 181
parorthostoma, Pyxichromis 185
Parosphromenus 88
Parotia, Wahnes's 58
Parotia 58
Parras, Perrito de 183
parreyssi, Belgrandiella 1 15
parrishi, Cambarus 93
Parrot, Olive-shouldered 151
Parrot, Alexandra's 41
Parrot, Black-Iored 41
Parrot, Blue-beIIied41
Parrot. Blue-naped 41
Parrot, Blue-rumped 152
Parrot. Fuertes's 41
Parrot, Golden-shouldered 41
330
Parrot, Ground 242
Parrot, Hooded 152
Parrot, Maroon-fronted 41
Parrot, Mascarene 1 8 1
Parrot, Mauritius 181
Parrot, Mauritius Grey 180
Parrot, Night 41
Parrot, Orange-bellied 41
Parrot, Paradise 1 8 1
Parrot, Pesquet's 41
Parrot, Pileated 152
Parrot, Red-faced 41
Parrot, Rodrigues 181
Parrot, Rusty-faced 41
Parrot, Scarlet-chested 41
Parrot, Seychelles 181
Parrot, Superb 41
Parrot, Swift 41
Parrot, Thick-billed 41
Parrot, Turquoise 152
Parrot, Yellow-eared 41
Parrotbill, Black-breastedSl
Parrotbill, Black-browed 160
Parrotbill, Brown-winged 160
Parrotbill, Grey-hooded 51
Parrotbill, Maui 56
Parrotbill, Reed 160
Parrotbill, Rufous-headed 160
Parrotbill, Rusty-throated 51
Parrotbill, Short-tailed51
Parrotbill, Spectacled 160
Parrotfinch, Green-faced 57
Parrotfinch, Pink-billed 57
Parrotfinch, Red-eared 57
Parrotfinch, Royal 57
Parrotfish, Rainbow 87
Parrotlet, Amazonian 152
Parrotlet, Brown-backed 41
Parrotlet, Golden-tailed 41
Parrotlet, Red-fronted 152
Parrotlet, Spot-winged 41
Parrotlet, Yellow-faced 40
parryii kodiacensis, Spermophilus 231
parryii lyralus, Spermophilus 23 1
parryii nebulicola, Spermophilus 23 1
parthenopaeum, Cymatium 173
parthenopaeum, Ranella 173
Partridge, Annam 34
Partridge, Black 149
Partridge, Buff-throated 149
Partridge, Chestnut-breasted 34
Partridge. Chestnut-headed 34
Partridge, Chestnut-necklaced34
Partridge. Chestnut-throated 149
Partridge, Hainan 34
Partridge, Orange-necked 34
Partridge, Rusty-necklaced 149
Partridge, Sichuan 34
Partridge, Taiwan 149
Partridge. White-cheeked 149
Partridge, White-necklaced34
Partula, Fat Guam 127
Partula, Mount Alifana 191
Partula, Radiolate 127
Partula, Sutural 239
Partula 127,190, 191,239
PARTULIDAE 127, 190, 215, 239
Partulina, Splendid 121
Partulina 121, 188.213
PARUUDAE 55, 163
Paruromys 25
Parus 53, 161
parva. 'Nanocochlea' 256
pan/a, Cincinnatia 115
parva, Deinacrida 209
parva, Dubiraphio 249
parva, Melanotaenia 78
parva, Oecetis 254
parva, Pyrenaearia 175
parva, Viridonia 56
parvani orientalis, Proasellus 237
parviceps, Scortum 206
parvidens, Cheiromeles 139
parvidens, Cynomys 131
parvidens, Euroscaptor 8
parvidens, Hylogomphus 171
parvidens, Marmosops 135
parvidens, Mautodontha 189
parvipes, Ncctomys 25
parvula, Jenkinsia 71
parvula, Microgale 5
parvula, Rhogeessa 139
parvula, Taheitia 212
parvulus, Medionidus 1 1 1
parvulus, Proasellus 97
parvulus, Somatogyrus 212
parvus, Burramys 4
parvus, Cherax 208
parvus, Clidomys 179
parvus, Galaxias 204
parvus, Hylomys 6
parvus, Hylomyscus 242
parvus, Margaretamys 24
parvus, Stygobromus 89
parvus, Thennocyclops 132
Paryphanta 175,216
parzefalli, Mexistenasellus 97
pasadenas, Syncaris 185
Pask?4viza 73
paskai, Pseudomugil 205
Pasmaditta 216
pasonis, Ashmunella 1 75
PASSERIFORMES 45, 132, 155, 181,
198, 242, 246
Passer ina 162
pastazae, Galbula 44
pastinator, Cacatua 152
patagonum, Dolichotis 145
paterculus, Pipistrellus 139
pathirana, Danio 72
patrius, Pseudomys 26
patrizii, Asellia 10
patlersoni, Trogloglanis 75
patula, Palairm 211
Pature, Papillon La 105
paucidens, Gulella 216
paucidentata, Alionycteris 8
paucispinus, Sebastes 82
PAUCITUBERCULATA 3
Paulamys 178
pauli, Bassaricyon 17
pauli, Lamnifera 123
pauliani, Afrocyclops 185
pauliani, Apaturopsis 253
pauliani, Otus 42
pauliani, Typhleotris 87
paulicoba, Palaemnema 108
paulinae, Liolaemus 199
paulistana, Zilchogyra 125
paulistus, Phylloscartes 47
paulsoni, Epigomphus 107
paulus, Crateromys 23
pauper, Camarhynchus 162
Pauraque. Jamaican 43
pauxi, Pauxi 34
Pauxi 34
Pavo 35
pawpela, Glacidorbis 209
paykullii, Porzana 150
peaci, Nothaldonis 248
Peaclam, Montane 256
Peacock-pheasant, Bomean 35
Peacock-pheasant, Bronze-tailed 149
Peacock-pheasant, Germain's35
Peacock-pheasant, Malayan 35
Peacock-pheasant, Mountain 35
Peacock-pheasant, Palawan 35
Peafowl, Congo 34
Peafowl. Green 35
Pearlfish, Ginger 79
Pearlfish, Minute 79
Pearlfish. Opalescent 79
Pearlfish. Splendid 79
Pearlshell, Louisiana 110
Pearlymussel, Birdwing 1 1 1
Pearlymussel, Cracking 1 1 1
Pearlymussel, Curtis 255
Pearlymussel, Littlewing 1 1 1
Pearlymussel, Slabside 172
pearsei, Typhliasina 11
pearsoni, Solisorex 1
pearsoni, Uramphisopus 97
pearsoniana, Litoria 66
pearsonii, Belomys 142
Pebblesnai
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Pebblesna:
, Angular 211
, Ash Meadows 211
, Atlas 212
, Cahaball5
, Channeled 212
, Columbia 211
, Coosa 212
, Dwarf 21 2
, Flat 116
, Ruted212
, Goldend211
, Granite 212
, Hidden 212
, Knotty 212
, Moapa 21 1
, Moom212
Mud 212
, Oachita 21 1
, Opaque 212
.Ovate 212
. Pahranagat21l
.Pygmy 212
.Quadrate 21 2
.Rolling 212
, Savannah 212
. Sparrow 212
.Stocky 212
, Tallapoosa 212
, Tennessee 212
I
331
Pebblesnail, Thick-lipped212
Pebblesnail, Umbilicate 188
pecatonica, Acanthometropus 186
Peccary. Chacoan 20
pechumani, Tachysphex 170
pecki. Glyphyalinia 217
pecki, Procambarus 95
pecki, Stygobromus 90
pecos, Assiminea 114
pecos, Gammarus 90
pecosensis, Cyprinodon 79
pecosensis, Pyrgulopsis 21 1
pectardens, Luscinia 159
pectinata, Prislis 69
PECTINIDAE 209
pectoralis, Aphelocephala 50
pectoralis, Harpagochromis 184
pectoralis, Herpsilochmus 46
pectoralis, Heteromunia 163
pectoralis, Polystictus 156
pectorosa, Actinonaias 1 72
pedderensis, Galaxias 76
pedderensis, Romankenkius 192
pedderensis, Westriplectes 255
pedderi, Glacidorbis 209
pedester, Mycotrupes 250
Pedetes 27
PEDETIDAE 27
PEDIONOMIDAE 36
Pedionomus 36
perfo, Saga 109
Pedostibes 66
pedunculatus, Zyzomys 27
pce/i, Microdillus 144
peelii mariensis, Maccullochella 236
pefauri, Telmatobius 201
PEGASIDAE 81,205,236
Pegasus 81, 205, 236
pege, Oravelia 251
Pegias 1 1 1
peguensis, Pipistrellus 194
pelagicus, Haliaeetus 33
pelagonicus, Chirocephalus 91
Pelargopsis 153
PeZea 131
PELECANIDAE 30
PELECANIFORMES 30, 146, 179, 198
Pelecanoides 30
PELECANOIDIDAE 30
Pelecanus 30
Pelecus 202
peled, Coregonus 204
pelengensis, Tarsius 194
pelerei, Belgrandiella 115
pelewana, Aaadonta 214
pelewensis, Hungerfordia 210
pe/i, Saccolaimus 136
Pelican, Dalmatian 30
Pelican, Spot-billed 30
pe/i';', Anomalurus 145
Pellegrini, Rheocles 205
pellisserpentis, Scaevatula 213
Pellomeum 51
pellucida, Amastra 1 89
pellucidum, Etheosloma 83
pellucidus, Allocrangonyx 89
Pelobales 235
PELOBATIDAE 235
Pelochelys 66
Pelocoris 251
PELOMEDUSIDAE 64, 132, 200
Pelomys 25
peloponnesica, Platyla 210
peloponnesius, Barbus 202
peltastes, Cylindraspis 182
Peltocephalus 64
PELTOPERLIDAE 254
Peltophryne 66
Peltotrupes 250
pelurus, Rattus 26
Pelusios 65, 200
pelzelni, Aplonis 57
pelzelnii, Tachybaptus 29
pembae, Nectarinia 161
pembaensis, Otus 153
pembaensis, Treron 151
pembertoni, Peroinyscus 178
penduliger, Cephalopterus 46
Pene 124
Penelope 34, 149
Penelopides 44, 154
Penescosta 123
Penguin, Erect-crested 29
Penguin. Fiordland 29
Penguin, Galapagos 29
Penguin, Humboldt 146
Penguin, Jackass 146
Penguin, Snares Islands 29
Penguin, Yellow-eyed 29
penicillata ogilbyi, Bettongia 219
penicillata penicillata, Bettongia 219
penicillata, Bettongia 129
penicillata, Petrogale 4
penicillatus, Eliurus 24
penicillatus, Medionidus 1 1 1
penicillatus, Pycnonotus 157
peninsularis, Myotis 12
penita, Dysnomia 255
penita, Epioblasma 110
pennata, Rhea 146
penningtoni, Capys 102
penningtoni, Lepidochrysops 103
penningtoni, Poecilmitis 103
pennsylvanicus chihuahuensis,
Microtus 245
pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli,
Microtus 232
pennsylvanicus kincaidi, Microtus 232
pentadactyla, Manis 142
Pentalagus 29
Pentarthrum 185,248
pephredo, Lepidochrysops 103
Peponocephala 242
pequinius, Myotis 138
perahuensis, Opanara 123
peramata, Brookesia 59
PERAMELEMORPHIA 4, 177, 193, 219
Perameles 4, 177, 219
PERAMELIDAE 4, 177, 219
Perca 206
Percarina 84
Perch, Balkhash 206
Perch, Balston's Pygmy 206
Perch, Macquarie 206
Perch, Oxleyan Pygmy 82
Perch, Russian River Tule 247
Perch, Silver 83
Perch, Variagated Pygmy 82
Perch, Yarra Pygmy 82
Perchlet, Agassiz's 206
Perchlet, High-Finned Glass 206
Perchlet, Kokoda Glass 206
Perchlet, Yellow-Fin 244
PERCICHTHYIDAE 82, 206, 236
Percichthys 206
PERCIDAE 83, 169, 184, 206, 247
PERCIFORMES 82, 132, 168, 184, 206,
236, 244, 247
Percilia 206
Percilla 206
Percina 84, 169
percivali, Cloeotis 136
percnurus, Phoxinus 203
percoi, Moserius 97
percoides, Prognathochromis 184
PERCOPSIFORMES 77
Perdicella 121, 188, 213
Perdicula 35
perdita, Hirundo 48
Perdita 251
perdix, Partulina 121
peregrina, Polygyra 175
peregusna peregusna, Vormela 224
perexilis, Campolaemus 192
perfuscus, Liophis 61
pergandei, Monomorium 101
pergrisea, Crocidura 1
Pericrocotus 157
periglenes, Bufo 66
perijae, Gracilinanus 193
perijana, Schizoeaca 155
peringueyi, Ecchlorolestes 108
peringueyi, Opsaridium 73
peringueyi, Phyllodactylus 199
periosus, Choeroniscus 1 1
PERIPATIDAE 109, 171, 209
Peripatoides 109
PERIPATOPSIDAE 109, 187,255
Peripatopsis 109, 187
periscelis, Carelia 189
Perisoreus 58
PERISSODACTYLA 19, 130, 141, 178,
225, 242
perjurus, Eidoleon 254
perkensi, Oceanides 251
perkins, Nesomimesa 251
perkinsi, Machiloides 254
perkinsi, Newcombia 121
PERLIDAE 254
perlonga, Lyropupa 191
perlucida, Dupontia 124
permixtus, Pipistrellus 194
Pemagera 123
pernanus, Mastomys 24
pernix, Myiotheretes 47
perobesus, Bothriembryon 121
Perognathus 23, 142, 232, 242
peromyscus, Praomys 197
Peromyscus 26, 144, 178, 233, 242
peronii, Charadrius 150
peronii, Dobsonia 8
332
peronii, Lissodelphis 195
peronii, Zoothera 161
Peroryctes 193
PERORYCTIDAE 193
perotensis, Spermophilus 142
perotteti, Pristis 69
perovalis, Lampsilis 172
perovatum, Pleurobema 1 1 2
perpallidus, Notropis 168
perplexa, Tischeria 186
perplexus, Amphicyclotulus 117
perpurpurea, Villosa 256
perpusilla, Auriculetla 213
perrieri, Prognathochromis 185
perroquini, Heterocyclus 116
perrugosa, Panulena 190
persephone, Aeshna 105
persephone, Betta 88
persephone, Petrogale 4
persephone, Rhadine 248
persicus , Acipenser 235
persicus, Acipenser 70
persicus, Batrachuperus 68
persoluta, Pseudocampylaea 190
personata orientalis, Melogale 224
personata, Dysnomia 187
personata, Epioblasma 110
personata, Heliopais 37
personata, Prosopeia 152
personata, Rhipidura 160
personatus barbarabrownae,
Callicebus 111
personatus maritimus, Geomys 23 1
personatus melanochir, Callicebus 221
personatus nigrifrons, Callicebus 221
personatus personatus, Callicebus 221
personatus streckeri, Geomys 23 1
personatus, Callicebus 14
personatus, Myomimus 28
perspicax, Penelope 34
perspicillata, Lutra 17
perspicillata, Malacocincla 51
perspicillatus, Phalacrocorax 179
pertricosa, Dipnelix 214
peruncus, Orconectes 94
peruviana, Grallaricula 155
peruviana, Tangara 55
peruviana, Vini 41
peruvianus, Mesoplodon 196
peruvianus, Telmatobius 201
peruviensis, Neusticomys 25
pcji, Pseudochromis 83
pestai, Capoeta 167
Petalura 107
PETALURIDAE 107
Petasina 215
petasus, Armsia 121
PETAURIDAE 5, 135, 220
Petaurista 142
Petaurus 5, 135, 220
petersi, Morenia 166
petersi, Rhynchocyon 29
petersoni. Mops 139
petilicarpus, Fallicambarus 94
petilus, Hobbseus 94
Petinomys 142
perili, Astacoides 95
periri, Corms 82
pe(i/i, Clyptophysa 1 1 3
petiti, Heterocyclus 116
pcnri, Paretroplus 85
petkovskii, Stygodiaptomus 92
Petrel, Atlantic 30
Petrel, Barau's 30
Petrel, Beck's 30
Petrel, Bermuda 30
Petrel. Black 30
Petrel, Black-capped 30
Petrel, Chatham Islands 30
Petrel, Cook's 30
Petrel, Defilippe's 30
Petrel, Fea's 30
Petrel, Fiji 30
Petrel, Galapagos 30
Petrel, Hawaiian 30
Petrel, Jamaica 30
Petrel, Magenta 30
Petrel, Mascarene Black 30
Petrel, Providence 30
Petrel, Pycroft's 30
Petrel, Westland 30
Petrel, White-necked 30
Petrel, Zinc's 30
Petrochroa 252
Petrodromus 245
Petrogale 4, 135,220,241
Pelroica 51, 199
Petromyscus 26, 144
PETROMYZONTIDAE 69, 167, 183,
201, 246
PETROMYZONTIFORMES 69, 167,
183,201,246
petropolitana, Thoropa 67
Petropsaro 7 1
petterdi, Angrobia 114
petterdi, Beddomeia 114
peucetia penningtoni, Ornipholidotos
252
Pewee, Ochraceous 156
Pezophaps 180
Pezoporus I'il
pfefferi, Calamaria 200
pfeifferi, Bythiospeum 115
pfeifferi, Diplodon 110
pfeifferi, Newcombia 121
Phacellodomus 155
Phacochoerus lib
Phaenicophaeus 42
Phaenomys 26
phaeocephalus, Pteropus 9
Phaeognathus 68
phaeopygia, Pterodroma 30
phaeosoma, Melamprosops 56
phaeozona, Achatinella 120
Phaethornis 153
phaeura, Chimarrogale 6
phaeura, Crocidura 7
phaeurus, Carpomys 197
phaeus, Optioservus 249
phainopeplus, Campylopterus 153
phalacris, Triaenodes 187
PHALACROCORACIDAE 31, 147, 179,
198
Phalacrocorax 31, 147, 179, 198
Phalanger, Bear 193
Phalanger 4, 193, 219, 241
PHALANGERIDAE 4, 193, 219, 241
PHALANGODIDAE 88
Phalanta 253
Phalcoboenus 149
Phallodrilus 110
PHALLOSTETHIDAE 79
Phallostethus 79
P/wfier 139,220
Phapitreron 39
P/wp5 151
Pharomachrus 153
Pharotis 13
pharyngomylus, Labrochromis 184
Phascogale, Brush-tailed 219
Phascogale, Brush-tailed 135, 219
Phascogale, Red-tailed 3
Phascogale 3, 135, 219
PHASCOLARCTIDAE 135
Phascolarctos 135
Phascolosorex 193
phasianetla, Beddomeia 1 14
PHASIANIDAE 34, 149, 180, 198
P/ia«i 103,252
PHASMATIDAE 187
PHASMATOPTERA 187
Phas modes 109
Phaulomys 26
phayrei, Trachypithecus 194
Pheasant, Bulwer's 35
Pheasant, Cheer 34
Pheasant, Copper 149
Pheasant, Edwards's 35
Pheasant, Elliot's 35
Pheasant, Golden 149
Pheasant, Hume's 35
Pheasant, Imperial 35
Pheasant, Lady Amherst's 149
Pheasant, Mikado 149
Pheasant, Reeves's 35
Pheasant, Salvadori's 35
Pheasant, Sumatran 35
Pheasant, Swinhoe's 149
Pheasant, Vietnamese 35
Phegornis 150
Pheidole 101
Phelsuma 59, 165, 182
Phenacobius Ti
Phenacolimax 245
phenax, Hexolobodon 179
phenosa, Ochrotrichia 254
pheronyx, Aquadulcaris 90
Phibalura 156
philander, Caluromys 135
Philanthus 251
Phildoria 252
Philemon 162, 199
Philepitta 157
PHILEPITTIDAE 47, 157
Philesturnus 132
philiberti, Phalanta 253
philippae. Sylvietta 160
philippeni, Ocadia 200
philippensis. Bubo 42
philippensis, Pelecanus 30
philippensis, Spizaetus 33
philippensis, Stumus 164
333
philippensis, Sus 141
philippiana, Newcombia 188
philippii, Arctocephalus 17
philippinensis, Rhinolophus 137
philippinica, Succinea 217
phillipsi, Garra 202
phillipsi, Tangara 163
phillipsii, Dipodomys 142
philo, Parantica 104
Philocasca 255
Philodice 153
Philodryas 200
Philonesia 125
PHILOPOTAMIDAE 255
PHILORHEITHRIDAE 255
Philoria 67
philoriles, Acalyphes 252
Philotieila 252
Philydor 45, 155
philyrinq, Caldwellia 190
phlegetfion, Pseudobarbus 73
phlegethontis, lotichthys 11
phleophaga, Ectodemia 186
Phloeomys 26, 144
Phlogophilus 153
Phoboscincus 200
f/joca 17, 140,224,242
phocaenoides , Neophocaena 225
phocaenoides, Neophocaena 196
Phocarctos 17
PHOCIDAE 17, 140, 178, 224, 242
phocoena , Phocoena 225
phocoena, Phocoena 18
Phocoena 18, 196,225
PHOCOENIDAE 18, 129, 196,225
Phocaenoides 129
Phodilus 42
Phoebetria 146
phoedon, Amauris 104
PHOENICOPTERIDAE 31, 147
Phoenicopterus 31, 147
Phoenicurus 160
PHOLIDOTA 142
phorbanta nana, Papilio 253
phorbanta, Papilio 105
phosphor borealis, Bowkeria 252
phosphor phosphor, Bowkeria 252
pholophila, Agrotis 1 86
Photuris 249
Phoxinellus 73, 168, 203, 236
phoxinus, Chondrostoma 202
Phoxinus 73, 168, 203
PHOXOCEPHALIDAE 90
Phrantela 116,211,256
Phreatichthys 73
Phreatobius 204
Phreatodrobia 116
PHREATOICIDAE 97, 247
phrealophila, Prietella 75
phrudus, Mormopterus 13
phrygia, Xanthomyza 54
Phrynomedusa 201
Phrynops 62, 165
Phrynosoma 246
phthinotropis, Bellamya 120
Phyciodes 253
Phycodorus 205
p/i>/e, Parantica 104
Phyilastrephus 48, 157
phyllocercus, Engaeus 96
Phyllococcus 186
Phyllodactylus 59, 165, 199
phyllodes, Mormolyce 248
Phyllodesma 102
Phytlodiaplomus 92
Phyllomyias 156
Phyllonycteris 11, 137, 177
Phyllops 137
Phyllopteryx 205
Phylloscartes 47, 156
Phylloscopus 51, 160
phyllostegiae, Cyrtopeltis 251
PHYLLOSTOMIDAE 11, 137, 177, 194
Phyllostomus 137
Phyllotis 144
Phylolestes 108
Physa, Cave 113
Physa, Fish Lake 113
physa, Partulina 121
Physa, Utah 113
Physa, Wet Rock 113
physalipus, Neodiaptomus 92
physalus, Balaenoptera 18
Phy sella 113,210
Physeter 18
PHYSETERIDAE 18, 242
Physiculus 77
PHYSIDAE 113,210
phytophagus, Xystichromis 86
Phytotoma 47
PHYTOTOMIDAE 47
piacentinii, Madoqua 21
picardi, Trochoidea 190
Picathartes 51,52
picatus, Chalinolobus 137
picea, Crocidura 1
piceala, AstatoUlapia 84
piceus, Colymbetes 248
piceus, Unas 248
pichiy, Zaedyus 193
PICIDAE 44, 154, 181
PICIFORMES 44, 154, 181
pickeringii, Ducula 39
pickersgilli, Hyperolius 66
Picoides 45
/7(c(a, Anguispira 214
picra, Grantiella 54
picto, Leptoxis 1 1 8
picM, Omphalotropis 210
picucaudata, Procapra 141
pictum, Pachychilon 168
pictus, Chrysolophus 149
pictus, Echimys 146
pictus, Isothrix 197
pictus, Lycaon 16
pictus, Neacomys 144
pictus. Procambarus 95
Piculet, Antillean 155
Piculet, Fine-barred 155
Piculet, Mottled 155
Piculet, Ochraceous 45
Piculet, Speckle-chested 155
Piculet, Tawny 45
Piculus 155
Picumnus 45, 155
f icui 45
pidschian, Coregonus 204
Pied-babbler, Hinde's 53
Pied-Hornbill, Malabar 154
Piedtail, Ecuadorian 153
Piedtail, Peruvian 153
PIERIDAE 253
/"('cm 253
Pig, Javan Warty 20
Pig, Palawan Bearded 226
Pig, Philippine Warty 141
Pig, Ryukyu Islands Wild 226
Pig, Vietnam Warty 178
Pig, Visayan Warty 20
Pig, Western Bearded 226
Pigeon, Bonin Wood 180
Pigeon, Chilean 151
Pigeon, Choiseul 180
Pigeon, Dark-tailed Laurel 38
Pigeon, Madeira Laurel 132
Pigeon, Maroon 38
Pigeon, Mauritius Blue 180
Pigeon, Nicobar 150
Pigeon, Pale-backed 38
Pigeon, Pale-capped 38
Pigeon, Partridge 151
Pigeon, Passenger 180
Pigeon, Peruvian 38
Pigeon, Pink 38
Pigeon, Plain 38
Pigeon, Ring-tailed 38
Pigeon, Rodrigues 180
Pigeon, Ryukyu 180
Pigeon, Somali 38
Pigeon, Sombre 151
Pigeon, Tooth-billed 38
Pigeon, White-naped 151
Pigeon, White-tailed Laurel 38
Pigeon, Yellow-legged 38
/Jfgra, Alouatta 241
Pigtoe, Atlantic 1 1 1
Pigtoe, Cumberland 1 1 1
Pigtoe, Dark 1 1 1
Pigtoe, Fine-rayed 1 1 1
Pigtoe, Flat 112
Pigtoe, Heavy 112
Pigtoe, Narrow 1 1 1
Pigtoe, Oval 172
Pigtoe, Pyramid 172
Pigtoe, Rough 112
Pigtoe, Shiny 1 1 1
Pigtoe, Southern 1 1 1
Pigtoe, True 112
Pigtoe, Warrior 112
pigus, Rutilus 203
Piha, Cinnamon-vented 46
pihapiha, Ponapella 210
Pika, Forrest's 146
Pika, Gaoligong 197
Pika, Helan Shan 28
Pika, Hi 28
Pika, Koslov's 28
Pika, Muli 197
Pika, Nubra 242
Pika, Sardinian 179
Pika, Steppe 28
Pika, Thomas' 146
334
pikoensis, Holcobius 248
Pila 114, 173
pileata, Penelope 149
pileata, Pionopsitta 152
pileatus, Herpsilochmus 155
pilealus, Hylobates 16
pileatus, Piprites 47
pileatus, Trachypithecus 15
pilikia, Kubaryia 210
pilligaensis, Pseudomys 26
Pillomena 174
Pilon, Sardinita del 73
pilosa, Omphalotropis 210
pilosus, Dasypus 5
pilosus, Hydrotarsus 98
pilosus, Pteropus 177
pilsbryanus, Somatogyrus 212
Pilsbrycharopa 123
pilsbryi, Carelia 189
pilsbryi, Elimia 117
pilsbryi, Slenotrema 215
f(7«/a 123
pimanensis, Melanotaenia 205
pimatuae, Craterocephalus 204
Pimelodella 204
PIMELODIDAE 76, 204
Pimpleback, Orangefoot 1 1 1
pinaleno, Eumorsea 108
Pinaroloxias 55
pinchaque, Tapirus 19
Pindu 86
pindu, Stomatepia 86
pinetis cumberlandius, Geomys 231
pinetis fontanelus, Geomys 231
pinetis goffi, Geomys 23 1
Pingalla 169,244
pinguis, Cyclura 60
Pink, Ring 1 1 1
PINNOTHERIDAE 96
Pinto, Guayacon 168
Pionopsitta 152
Piopio 181
Pipefish, Banded 205
Pipefish, Double-ended 205
Pipefish, River 82
Pipefish, Slender 205
Pipefish, Spinach 205
Pipehorse 82
Pipehorse, Duncker's 82
Pipehorse, Gunther's 82
Pipehorse, Robust 82
Pipehorse, Spiny 82
piperata, Litoria 66
PIPIDAE 67
pipile, Pipile 34
Pipile 34
Piping-guan, Black-fronted 34
Piping-guan, Trinidad 34
Pipistrellus 13, 139, 194
Pipit, Chaco 157
Pipit, Malindi 157
Pipit, Mountain 157
Pipit, Ochre-breasted 48
Pipit, Sokoke 48
Pipit, Yellow-breasted 48
pipra, lodopleura 46
Pipra 47, 156
Pipreola 156
PIPRIDAE 47, 156
Piprites, Grey-headed 156
Piprites 47, 156
Pirarucu 202
piratarum, Succinea 128
pirrensis, Isthmomys 143
pisarskii, Strongylognalhus 102
PISAURIDAE 88
pisciculus. Cheirodon 203
piscivora, Osbomictis 195
PISIDIIDAE 256
Pisidium 256
Pisidium Ml, 156
pisteri, Pyrgulopsis 211
pitcaimensis, Philonesia 125
pitcaimensis, Sinployea 123
Pithecheir 144
Pithecia 111, 241
Pithecophaga 33
Pithy s 198
pitmani, Crocidura 1
Pitta, Azure-breasted 47
Pitta, Bar-bellied 156
Pitta, Black-faced 47
Pitta, Blue-headed 156
Pitta, Blue-naped 156
Pitta, Blue-rumped 157
Pitta, Fairy 47
Pitta, Giant 156
Pitta, Gurney's 47
Pitta, Mangrove 156
Pitta, Schneider's 47
Pitta, Sula 156
Pitta, Superb 47
Pitta, Whiskered 47
Pitta 47, 156, 157
PITTIDAE 47, 156
pittieri, Ichthyomys 24
Pittoconcha 125
pittoides, Atelornis 154
pittospori, Karocolens 248
Pityriasis 157
pityusensis, Podarcis 60
piurae, Ochthoeca 156
pizarro, Parides 208
pizzinii, Stygobromus 90
placens, Poecilodryas 199
placeonovitas, Cipangochalax 213
placidus, Charadrius 150
placidus, Noturus 168
placidus, Sosippus 88
Placostylus 121, 126, 127, 190, 239
Plagigeyeria 116
Plagiodontia 28, 179
Plagiolepis 101
plagiostoma, Harpagochromis 85
plagiola, Hypena 186
Plagopterus 73
Plains-wanderer 36
Planaeschna lYl
Planarian, Biggers' Groundwater 256
Planarian, Holsinger's Groundwater256
Planarian, Lake Pedder 192
Planarian, Malheur Cave 256
planeri, Lampetra 167
planicauda. Pyxis 65
planiceps, Myotis 177
planiceps, Prionailurus 16
planifrons. Hippocampus 81
planifrons, Hyperoodon 130
Planigale, Papuan 3
Planigale 3
planilabrum, Partula 191
Planilaoma 214
Planorbella 113
PLANORBIDAE 113, 173, 187,210,256
planospira, Sinployea 190
plantarius, Dolomedes 88
Plantcutter, Peruvian 47
Planthopper, Barber's Point251
Planthopper, Bridewell's 251
Planthopper, Diamond Head 251
Planthopper, Glenwood 251
Planthopper, lao Valley 251
Planthopper, Kauai Parti-coloured251
Planthopper, Keanae 251
Planthopper, Kusche's 251
Planthopper, Lanai 251
Planthopper, Lihue 251
Planthopper, Long-footed 251
Planthopper, Mt 'Tantalus Shortwing Fern
251
Planthopper, Nahiku 251
Planthopper, Wild Cotton 251
plantii, Gulella 245
planulata, Hirasea 190
Platalea 31
Platalina II
Platanista 19
PLATANISTIDAE 19, 196
Platanna, Cape 67
platenae, Ficedula 50
platenae, Gallicolumba 39
platenae, Prioniturus 41
plateni, Aramidopsis 36
plateni, Stachyris 160
platorynchus, Scaphirhynchus 70
platycephalus, Euproctus 68
platycephalus, Salmo 77
platycheilus, Palaina 211
PLATYCNEMIDAE 238
PLATYCNEMIDIDAE 108, 209
Platycnemis 108
PLATYCOPIIDAE 92
Platyla 113,210
Platymantis 67
Platynectes 249
platynota, Geochelone 65
platynota, Notochelys 200
platyops, Eptesicus 12
platyops, Potorous 177
Platyops 97
Platyrinchus 47
Platyrrhinus 11, 137
Platysaurus 165
platysayoides, Triodopsis 215
Platysmurus 164
Platysteira 52, 160
PLATYSTERNIDAE 200
Platystemon 200
PLATYSTICTIDAE 108
Platytaeniodus 184
platyura, Schoenicola 160
335
plebejus, Barbus 167
Plebejus 252
PLECOGLOSSIDAE 236
Plecoglossus 236
PLECOPTERA 109, 187, 209, 254
Plecotus 13
Plectranthias 83
PLECTROTARSIDAE 255
Plegma 124
pleione, Taudactylus 67
Plentusia 174
plenum, Pleurobema 1 1 2
Plerotes 9
Plethobasus 111, 172
plethodon, Monophyllus 137
Plethodon 68, 167,201
PLETHODONTIDAE 68, 167, 201
Pleurobema 111, 112, 172
pleurobipunctatus, Phoxinellus 168
Pleurocera 1 1 8
PLEUROCERIDAE 117, 188,212
Pleurodonte 189
Pleurodytes 249
Pleuronectes 88
PLEURONECTIDAE 88
PLEURONECTIFORMES 88
Pleuropoma 238
pleurotaenia, Puntius 132
pleurotoma, Paladilhla 116
Pleuroxia 122, 174
PLEXAURIDAE 128
plicaria, Hemicycla 245
plicala, Leptoxis 1 1 8
Plicatoperipatus 171
plicifera, Nesopupa 216
plicosa, Omphalotropis 187
PLOCEIDAE 57, 164, 182, 199
Ploceus 57, 164, 199
PLOTOSIDAE 76, 247
Plover, Hooded 37
Plover, Javan 150
Plover, Long-billed 150
Plover, Madagascar 37
Plover, Magellanic 150
Plover, Malaysian 150
Plover, Mountain 37
Plover, Piping 37
Plover, Shore 37
Plover, St Helena 37
plumbea, Leucoptemis 148
plumbeus, Carcharhinus 69
plumbeus, Dysithamnus 45
plumbeus, Micrastur 34
plumimanus, Procambarus 95
p/«(o, Clwlicodoma 208
Pluvianellus 150
Pnoepyga 160
Poblana 78, 205
pocahontas, Doronomyrmex 100
Pochard, Baer's 32
Pochard, Madagascar 32
Pocketbook, Fat 112
Pocketbook, Fine-lined 1 1 1
Pocketbook, Lined 1 1 1
Pocketbook, Ouachita Rock 1 10
Pocketbook, Shinyrayed 255
Pocketbook, Speckled 1 1 1
Podarcis 60, 246
PODARGIDAE 153, 198
Podiceps 29, 146, 179
PODICIPEDIDAE 29, 146, 179
PODICIPEDIFORMES 29, 146, 179
Podilymbus 179
Podismopsis 254
Podoces 58
Podocnemis 65, 132
PODOCOPIDA 97, 185
Podogymnura 6
Podomys 26
Podoxymys 144
Poecilia 80,205
POECILIIDAE 80, 168, 184, 205, 236
Poeciliopsis 168, 205, 236
Poecilmitis 103, 170, 208, 252
Poecilodryas 199
poecilonotus, Takifugu 207
poecilops miyajimaense, Orthetrum 238
poecilops, Gerbillus 143
poecilopterus, Nesoclopeus 180
poecilorrhoa, Cryptophaps 151
poecilotis, Chrysomma 158
Poecilotriccus 156
poensis, Chalinolobus 138
poeyi, Phyllonycteris 137
pogonias pogonias, Cercopithecus 222
Pogonichthys 73, 183
Pogoniulus 44
Pogonomelomys 26
Pogonomyrmex 101
Pogonomys 26
pogum, Procambarus 95
pohlei, Pteropus 9
Poiana 224
poiciloplilus, Botaurus 31
Polecat, European Marbled 224
po/ia, Crocidura 7
Polihierax 149
poliocephalus, Phyllastrephus 157
polioceplialus, Trachypithecus 15
Poliocephalus 29
poliocerca, Eupherusa 43
poliogaster, Accipiter 148
poliolophus, Batrachostomus 198
poHolophus, Prionops 49
polionota, Leucoptemis 148
polionotus allophrys, Peromyscus 233
polionotus ammobates, Peromyscus
233
polionotus decoloratus, Peromyscus
233
polionotus leucocephalus, Peromyscus
233
polionotus niveiventris, Peromyscus
242
polionotus peninsularis, Peromyscus
233
polionotus phasma, Peromyscus 233
polionotus trissyllepsis, Peromyscus
233
poliopareia, Estrilda 57
Polioptila 160
polita, Mandarina 214
polius, Peromyscus 26
polleni, Paratilapia 244
polleni, Xenopirostris 49
pollenii, Columba 151
poZ/i, Congosorex 6
;7o///, Oxylapia 85
polops, Ameiva 61
Polposipus 99
polulus, Sudisorex 8
Polyborus 179
POLYCENTROPODIDAE 255
POLYCHAETA 110,209
polychromaticum, Enallagma 208
polyctena, Formica 170
Polyergus 101
Polygyra 175
POLYGYRIDAE 127, 175, 215, 239
Polygyriscus 215
polykomos, Colobus 140
Polylamina 250
polylepis, Anabarilius 71
polylepis, Leuciscus 72
polymorpha, Pseudopalaina 21 1
polyodon, Helenoconcha 189
Polvodon 70
POLYODONTIDAE 70
Polyommatus 103
Polyonymus 153
polyphemi, Onthophagus 250
polyphemus, Gopherus 65
polyphemus, Limulus 171
Poiyphylla 250
Polvptectron 35, 149
POLYPRIONIDAE 82
Polysticta 32
Polystictus 156
Polytelis 41
POMACANTHIDAE 84
POMACENTRIDAE 86
Pomarea 52
Pomatias 244
POMATIASIDAE 118,188,212,244
POMATIOPSIDAE 118, 188
Pomatoschistus 206
porno, Arborimus 197
pomona, Hipposideros 194
Ponapella 210
ponapensis, Dendrotrochus 215
ponapensis, Tomatellinops 213
ponapica, Nesopupa 217
ponapicus, Palikirus 214
poncebensis, Pyrenaearia 175
ponceleti, Solomys 27
ponceleti, Tribolonotus 200
Pond-heron, Madagascar 147
ponderosa, Cincinnatia 115
ponderosa, Mandarina 214
Pondsnail, Thickshell 1 13
Pongo 16
ponsonbyi, Bridouxiana 119
pontica, Alosa 202
pontica, Vipera 62
Ponticyclops 132
Ponlinus 82
Pontoporia 196
Poo-uli 56
Poolfish, Pahrump 247
Poolfish, Pahrump Ranch 247
Poolfish, Raycraft Ranch 247
336
Poorwill, Choco 153
Poorwill, Eared 153
Poorwill, Least 153
Poospiza 55, 163
popeii, Popenaias 1 1 2
Popelairia 198
Popenaias 112
poptae, Xenopoecilus 81
Porbeagle 69
porcata, Westraltrachia 122
porcellana, Partulina 213
porcellanus, Hippopus 133
porcinus annamiticus, Axis 226
porcinus porcinus, Axis 226
Porcupine, Crested 145
Porcupine, Thin-spined 28
porcus, Amastra 1 89
Porgy, Red 84
Poropuntius Ti
porosus, Crocodylus 242
porphyretica, Limnocythere 98
Porphyrio 36, 180
porphyrocephala, Iridosomis 162
porphyrocheila, Leucocharis 190
porphyrolaema, Porphyrolaema 156
Porphyrolaema 156
Porphyrospiza 163
porphyrostomus, Placostylus 127
Porpoise, Burmeister's 196
Porpoise, Dall's 129
Porpoise, Finless 196, 225
Porpoise, Harbour 18, 225
Porpoise, Spectacled 196
porrecta, Elimia 117
porrectus, Helicarion 125
portoricensis, Isolobodon 28
portosanctana, Pseudocampylaea 174
Porzana 36, 150, 180
poseidon, Lepidochrysops 103
Posorites 174
Possum, Common Brushtail 219
Possum, Daintree River Ringtail 135
Possum, Green Ringtail 135
Possum, Herbert River Ringtail 135
Possum, Leadbeater's 5
Possum, Lemuroid Ringtail 135
Possum, Scaly-tailed 135
postelli, Pleurocera 1 1 8
Posticobia 188
postojnae, Metacyclops 92
postvectis, Galaxias 76
Potamilus 112
Potamogale 5
POTAMONAUTIDAE 96
Potamonectes 249
Potamonectes 249
Potamopyrgus 173
potenziani, Presbytis 15
POTERIIDAE 212
POTOROIDAE 4, 129, 135, 177, 219
Potoroo, Broad-faced 177
Potoroo, Gilbert's 4
Potoroo, Long-footed 4
Potoroo, Long-nosed 219
Polorous 4, 177, 219
Potosi, Cachorrito Enano de 1 83
Potosi, Perrito de 183
Potto, Golden 139
pottsi, Etheostoma 83
potulentus, Stylurus 107
pouchet, Hemicycla 125
poulsoni, Speoplatyrhinus 77
powellensis, Hemiboeckella 91
powellii, Lampsilis 1 1 1
Powelliphanta 175
poweri, Dupontia 124
poynloni, Cacosternum 201
praecelcus, Bothriembryon 121
praeclara, Bridoitxiana 119
praeciarus, Joiceya 103
praeconis, Pseudomys 26
praecox, Melanotaenia 205
praecox. Mordacia 69
praecox. Thamnophilus 155
praedalrix, Dobsonia 136
praerosa, Leptoxis 118
praetumida, Pilula 123
Praomys 26, 144, 197
pratensis/nigricans. Formica 170
Pratincole, Black-winged 150
pratti, Hipposideros 136
prattorum. Rhynchomeles 193
prattorum, Troides 105
Preciosa, Charal de la 78
prehensilis, Antriscopia 92
Premnoplex 45
Presa, Cachorrito de la 183
Presbytis 15, 140, 194
prespensis, Barbus 71
prespensis, Chondrostoma 167
pretiosa, Catocala 253
pretneri, Pseudocandona 98
pretrei, Amazona 40
preussi insularis, Cercopithecus 222
preussi preussi, Cercopithecus 222
preussi, Cercopithecus 15
prevostii, Euryceros 157
Priapella 184
pricei, Craterodiscus 173
pricei, Ictalurus 75
Prietella 75
prigoginei, Caprimulgus 43
prigoginei, Chlorocichla 48
prigoginei, Nectarinia 242
prigoginei, Phodilus 42
PRIMATES 13, 129, 139, 194, 220, 241,
245
primosi, Colophon 99
primum, Cristilabrum 122
princeps goldmani, Ochotona 233
princeps lasalensis, Ochotona 233
princeps nevadensis, Ochotona 233
princeps nigrescens, Ochotorm 233
princeps obscura, Ochotona 233
princeps sheltoni, Ochotona 233
princeps tutelata, Ochotona 233
princeps, Accipiter 148
princeps, Cottus 206
princeps, Melidectes 54
principalis, Campephilus 181
principensis, Muricopsis 213
principula, Microgale 5
principulus, Gerbillus 24
pringlei, Aloeides 102
pringlei, Lepidochrysops 103
pringlei, Phasis 103
pringlei, Thestor 104
Prinia, Grey-crowned 160
Prinia, River 199
Prinia, Rufous-vented 52
Prinia, White-eyed 52
Prmia 52, 160, 199
priocephalus, Pycnonotus 157
Priodontes 5
Priolepis 169
Prionailurus 16, 140, 195, 224
Prioniturus 41, 152
Prionodura X'il
Prionomys 144
Prionops 49
prionura, Mycteroperca 83
Priotelus 153
prisca, Lyropupa 216
Pristidactvlus 199
PRISTIDAE 69
PRISTIFORMES 69
pristinus, Cambarus 93
pristis, Pristis 70
/■rwlii 69, 70
Pristoceuthophilus 254
pritchardi, Chelodina 62
pritchardiae, Stenotrupis 248
pritchardias, Pentarthrum 248
pritchardii, Megapodius 34
Proasellus 97, 237
Probarbus 73, 203
Problems 252
problematica, Rhophodon 214
PROBOSCIDEA 19
proboscideus, Macroscelides 29
Probosciger 152
Procambarus 94, 95, 237
Procapra 21, 141
PROCARIDIDAE 96
Procaris 96
PROCAVIIDAE 19,226
Procellaria 30
PROCELLARIIDAE 30, 146, 179
PROCELLARIIFORMES 29, 146, 179,
197
procellaris, Agrotis 1 86
procles, Graphium 105
proctivis, Megalobulimus 126
Procnias 46, 156
Procolobus 140,222,223,245
Procyon \1.\1%
PROCYONIDAE 17, 140, 178. 195
Prodontria 99
producta, Amphorella 124
producta, Elliptio 172
producta, Partula 191
productus, Hydroporus 248
productus, Nestor 181
Proechimys 146
Proedromys 144
Profelis 241
proformicarum, Rossomrymex 101
profundicola, Oryzias 81
profundispira, Hirasea 214
prognatha, Telmatherina 79
Prognathochromis 85. 184. 185
337
prognathus, Prognathochromis 1 85
Progne 198
Progomphus 107
Prolagus 179
prolatus, Bunomys 23
prolatus, Encheloclarias 76
proletaria, Dupontia 190
Pronesopupa 216
Pronghorn, Baja California 227
Pronghorn, Mexican 227
Pronghorn, Sonoran 227
pronoli, Mecistogaster 108
propinqua, Dysnomia 187
propinqua, Epioblasma 1 1 1
Propithecus 14, 221
proprium, Dicaeum 53
Prosciurillus 22, 142
proserpina, Cyprinella 71
proserpina, Proserpinus 208
Proserpinus 208
Prosobonia 38, 180
Prosopeia 152
PROSORHOCHMIDAE 128, 175,217
prospera, Mesonerilla 110
protea, Partula 191
PROTEIDAE 68
Proteles 224
Protemblemaria 87
Proteus 68
Protocobitis 74
Prolomognathus 101
Protoploea 171
Protoptila 254
Prototrachia 122
Prototroctes 76, 1 83
protracta, Partula 191
protuberata, Beddomeia 115
provancheri, Formicoxenus 100
providencianus, Hypoplectrus 83
provocator, Xanthotis 1 62
provocax, Lutra 17
provosti, Ochrotrichia 254
proxima, Partulina 121
proxima, Sinployea 190
pruinosus, Myotis 12
Prunella 158
prunellei, Coeligena 43
PRUNELLIDAE 158
pryeri, Megalurus 51
Prymnbriareus 244
przewalskii, Equus 178
przewalskii, Paradoxomis 51
przewalskii, Procapra 21
Psacadonotus 109
Psalidoprocne 157
PSAMMASPIDIDAE 90
Psammobates 65
Psammochromis 85, 185
psammophila, Sminthopsis 4
psarolena, Solatopupa 174
pselaphon, Pteropus 9
Pselliophorus 55
PSEPHENIDAE 249
Psephenus 249
Psephotus 41, 152, 181
Psephurus 70
Pseudacris 246
Pseudagrion 208
Pseudalmenus 252
Pseudamnicola 1 16, 21 1
Pseudanodonta 172
Pseudantechinus 3
Pseudanthias 83
Pseudemydura 62
Pseudemys 64, 166
Pseudibis 31, 147
Pseudirion 250
Pseudoatta 101
Pseudobagrus 247
Pseudobarbus 73, 168
Pseudobargus 76
Pseudobias 160
Pseudocalyptomena 45
Pseudocampylaea 190
Pseudocandona 98
pseudocellata, Sacalia 200
PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE 4, 135, 193
Pseudocheirus 4, 193
Pseudochelidon 48
Pseudochirops 4, 5, 135
Pseudochirulus 135, 193
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE 83
Pseudochromis 83
PSEUDOCOCCIDAE 186
Pseudocolopteryx 47
Pseudocopaeodes 252
Pseudocordylus 59, 165
Pseudocossyphus 52, 160
Pseudocotalpa 99
pseudocrinitus, Peromyscus 26
PSEUDOCYCLOPIIDAE 92
Pseudodacnis 55
pseudodolium, Orcula 215
Pseudoglessula 217, 240
Pseudogobiopsis 247
Pseudohydromys 26
pseudoincisus, Glossolepis 204
Pseudois 21, 141,230
pseudojacosta, Trochoidea 126
pseudomelaneus, Parantica 171
Pseudomoraria 96
Pseudomugil 78, 205, 243
Pseudomyrmex 101
Pseudomys 26, 131, 144, 178
pseudonapaea, Sicista 197
Pseudonestor 56
Pseudoniphargus 90
Pseudonovibos 22
Pseudopalaina 211
pseudopeilegrini, Prognathochromis
185
Pseudophoxinus 73, 168, 203
Pseudophryne 67, 167
Pseudopsectra 254
pseudopulchella, Aprasia 165
Pseudorasbora 246
Pseudorca 242
Pseudoryx 22
Pseudoscaphirhynchus 70
Pseudoscorpion, Empire Cave 89
Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave 207
PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA 89, 207
PSEUDOSTIGMATIDAE 108
Pseudotricula 256
pseudotrolli, Vitrea 128
pseudozosterops, Randia 160
pseustes, Helenoconcha 189
Psilorhamphus 155
Psilotreta 255
psittacea, Psittirostra 56
psittacea, Treron 39
PSITTACIDAE 39, 151, 180, 242
PSITTACIFORMES 39, 151, 180,242
Psittacula 41, 152, 181
Psittaculirostris 41
Psitteuteles 41
Psittinus 152
Psittirostra 56
Psittrichas 41
Psophodes 52
pstrossi, Paraphoxinus 202
PSYCHODIDAE 99
Psychomastatix 108
psychopompus, Scytalopus 46
plaritepui, Crypturellus 29
Ptchochromoides 86
Pteralopex 9
Pterodroma 30, 179
Pteromys 142, 242
Pteromyscus 142
Pteronotus 11, 137
Pteronura 17
PTEROPODIDAE 8, 136, 177, 193, 241
Pteropus 9, 10, 136, 177, 193, 194, 241
pterotropiana, Spheterista 254
Pteruthius 160
pthonera, Canariella 133
Ptilinopus 39, 151, 180
Ptilocichla 52, 160
PTILONORHYNCHIDAE 58, 132, 164
Ptiloris 164
Ptychalaea 127
Ptychobranchus 112, 172
Ptychocheilus Ti
Ptychochromoides 86
Ptychodon 123
Ptychotrema 216
Ptyochromis 86
Puaiohi 51
pubescens, Polylamina 250
pucherani, Campylorhamphus 155
puiia, Pudu 20
Pudu, Northern 141
Pudu, Southern 20
Pi«/« 20, 141
Puertoricomys 178
Puffbird, Sooty-capped 154
Puffinus 30, 146
Puffleg, Black-breasted 43
Puffleg, Black-thighed 153
Puffleg, Colourful 43
Puffleg, Hoary 153
Puffleg, Turquoise-throated 43
Puku 131
pulchella, Neophertm 152
pulchellus, Acrolophitus 108
pulchellus, Caprimulgus 198
pulcher, Heliodiaptomus 92
pulcher, Lacconectus 249
pulcherrima, Achatinella 120
pulcherrima, Papustyla 214
338
pulcherrima, Petalura 107
pulcherrimus. Psephotus 181
pulchra longicauda, Egemia 234
pulchra nigra, Anniella 246
pulchra, Auriculella 213
pulchra, Cyanolyca 164
pulchra, Macgregoria 58
pulchra, Pteralopex 9
pulchrus, Empicoris 251
puliensis, Sinogastromyzon 75
pulitzeri, Macrosphenus 51
puZZa, Microgale 5
pullus, Carunculina 255
pulpa, Mirafra 157
puZiiz, Barbatula 203
pulveratus, Pipistrellus 139
pulverulentus, Pteromyscus 142
Puma, Eastern 224
Puma 224
pumila ssp., Pseudorasbora 246
pumila, Gyrotoma 1 1 7
pumila, Parantica 244
pumila, Videna 217
pumilio, Indicator 154
pumilio, Myosciurus 22
pumilio, Rhabdomys 197
pumilus, Pteropus 9
pumilus, Tarsius 194
punae, Deinomimesa 251
punctata, Protemblemaria 87
punctatissima, Knipowitschia 87
punctatus, Falco 34
punctatus, Lacconectus 249
punctatus, Sphenodon 243
punctellum, Mecodema 185
PUNCTIDAE 127,216
punctipennis, Lacconectus 249
punctiperforata, Mautodontha 189
punclulispira, Boninosuccinea 128
Pungitius 81, 247
Pungu 86
Pungu 86
punicans, Taeromys 145
punicea, Columba 38
punicea, Trochidrobia 173
puntillum, Gibberula 213
Puntius 73, 74, 132, 203, 236
;7Hpa, Palaina 211
pupaeformis, Elimia 1 1 7
Pupfish, Amargosa 247
Pupfish, Comanche Springs 79
Pupfish, Conchos 247
Pupfish, Cottonball Marsh 247
Pupfish, Desert 247
Pupfish, Devils Hole 79
Pupfish, Largescale 79
Pupfish, Leon Springs 79
Pupfish, Owens 80
Pupfish, Pecos 79
Pupfish, Salt Creek 247
Pupfish, White Sands 80
pupiformis, Phrantela 116
Pupilla 175, 191,245
PUPILLIDAE 127, 133, 175. 191, 216, 245
Pup/na 212, 256
PUPINIDAE 119,212,256
Pupisoma 133
pupoidea, Nanocochlea 116
pupoides, Bythinella 173
Pupoidopsis 216
Pupuharakeke 121
pupukanioe, Achatinella 120
pupula, Graziana 244
pupula, Pupilla 245
purcelli, Metadiaptomus 92
puritana, Cicindela 98
Purpletuft, Buff-throated 46
purpurea, Cochoa 158
purpurea, Gila 11
purpureus, Mastigodiaptomus 92
purpureus, Tropodiaptomus 207
pusilla, Austrochloritis 173
pusilla, Chaerephon 13
pusilla, Coenocorypha 37
pusilla, Galaxiella 77
pusilla, Micronycteris 11
pusilla, Ochotona 28
pusilla, Palaina 211
pusillior, Hemisloma 116
pusillus, Haeromys 24
pusillus, Loriculus 152
pustulatus, Hydrosaurus 199
pufa, Murirm 12
putealis, Stygobromus 90
putnamensis, Ochthebius 249
pybnsi, Elimia 1 1 7
PYCNONOTIDAE 48, 157, 181, 198
Pycnonotus 48, 157, 198
pycnum, Aphaostracon 1 14
pycrofti, Pterodroma 30
Pyganodon 172
Pygathrix 15
Pygeretmus 143
pygerythrus, Callosciurus 22
pygmaea, Elimia 1 1 7
pygmaea, Melanotaenia 168
pygmaea, Pandaka 87
pygmaeus. Coitus 82
pygmaeus, Economidichthys 87
pygmaeus, Hipposideros 136
pygmaeus, Napaeus 244
pygmaeus, Neotragus 141
pygmaeus, Nycticebus 14
pygmaeus, Pongo 16
pygmaeus, Procyon 17
pygmaeus, Somatogyrus 212
pygmeus, Eurynorhynchus 37
pygmeus, Phalacrocorax 147
Pygmy-parrot, Geelvink 152
Pygmy-possum, Lxing-tailed 220
Pygmy-possum, Mountain 4
Pygmy-tyrant, Fork-tailed 47
Pygmy-tyrant, Rufous-sided47
Pygmy-tyrant, White-bellied 156
PYGOPODIDAE 60, 165, 234
PYRALIDAE 186,253
pyramidalis, Reymondia 119
pyramidata, Gyrotoma 1 1 8
pyramis, Diplommatina 210
pyramis, Heteropoma 210
pyramus, Poecilmitis 103
Pyreferra 253
Pyrenaeania 174
Pyrenaearia 126, 175
pyrenaica hispanica, Capra 228
pyrenaica orruita, Rupicapra 230
pyrermica pyrenaica, Capra 228
pyrenaica victoriae, Capra 228
pyrenaica, Belgrandiella 115
pyrenaica, Capra 141
pyrenaica, Rana 201
pyrermica, Rupicapra 131
pyrenaicus, Galemys 8
pyrenella, Pleurocera 1 1 8
Pyrg, Ozark 211
Pyrgina 214
Pyrgulopsis 211, 256
pyriforme, Pleurobema 172
Pyriglena 46
pyroeis hersaleki, Poecilmitis 252
pyrohypogaster, Hypopyrrhus 56
pyronotus, Cambarus 93
pyrrhocephalus, Phaenicophaeus 42
pyrrhocephalus, Yssichromis 86
pyrrhops, Hapalopsittaca 41
pyrrhopterus, Brotogeris 152
Pyrrhula 163
Pyrrhura 41, 152
Python, Indian 165
Python, Western Australian Carpet234
Pyr/ion 165
Pyxichromis 86, 185
Pyjri'j 65
quadragintus, Pardalotus 53
quadrani, Atenia 174
quadrasi, Elasmias 213
quadrasi, Heteropoma 210
quadrasi, Himeroconcha 214
quadrasi, Nesopupa 216
quadrasi, Omphalotropis 210
quadrasi, Succinea 128
Quadrasiella 210
quadratus, Somatogyrus 212
quadricarinatus, Cherax 95
quadricolor, Dicaeum 53
quadricomis, Myoxocephalus 244
quadricomis, Tetracerus 22
quadridens, Pteronotus 137
quadrimaculatus, Gerbillus 24
quadriocellata, Sacalia 64
quadrioculatum, Pseudagrion 208
quadrivittatus australis, Tamias 23 1
Quadrula 112, 172, 238, 255
quadruncus, Orconectes 94
Quagga 178
quagga, Equus 178
Quail, Himalayan 35
Quail, New Zealand 180
Quail, Ocellated 149
Quail, Snow Mountain 149
Quail-dove, Blue-headed 39
Quail-dove, Bridled 151
Quail-dove, Crested 151
Quail-dove, Grey-headed 151
Quail-dove, Russet-crowned 151
Quail-dove, Veracruz 39
qualtieranus, Iberus 174
quarlesi, Bubalus 20
quathlambae, Pseudobarbus 73
quebecensis. Formicoxenus 100
quebecensis, Myrmica 101
339
Quechulac, Charal de 78
Quemisia 179
Quenda 219
quenstedti, Bythiospeum 115
quercinus, Eliomys 27
questroana, Amplirhagada 121
Quetzal, Eared 44
Quetzal, Resplendent 153
quickelbergei, Lepidochrysops 103
Quijarrona, Sardinita72
quimperiana, Elona 245
Quincuncina 112,172
quinquestriatus, Callosciurus 22
quintalia, Christianoconcha 127
quinlalia, Nancibella 190
Quintalia 190
quinlicolor, Capita 44
Quiscalus 163, 182
quitobaquitae, Tryonia 212
Quokka 4
QuoU, Bronze 3
Quoll, Eastern 135
Quoll, New Guinea 3
Quoll, Northern 135
Quoll, Spotted-tailed 3, 219
Rabbit, Amami 29
Rabbit. Lower Keys Marsh 234
Rabbit, Omiltemi 29
Rabbit, Pygmy 146
Rabbit, Riverine 28
Rabbit, San Jose Brush 146
Rabbit, Sumatran 29
Rabbit, Tres Marias 29
Rabbit, Volcano 29
Rabbitsfoot, Rough 255
rabieri, Picas 45
rabinoi, Liolaemus 60
rabori, Napothera 51
rabori, Nyctimene 9
rabori, Sundasciurus 22
Raccoon, Barbados 178
Raccoon, Cozumel Island 17
Racer, Almeda Striped 246
Racer, Antiguan 61
Racer, Barbados 61
Racer, Black 61
Racer, Leeward Island 61
Racer. Red-bellied 61
Racer, Saint Croix 182
Racer, St Lucia 61
racovitzai conopyge, Monolistra 237
racovitzai, Scardinius 203
Racquet-tail, Blue-crowned 152
Racquet-tail, Blue-headed41
Racquet-tail, Blue-winged41
Racquet-tail, Buru 152
Racquet-tail. Green 41
Racquet-tail. Luzon 41
Racquet-tail. Mindanao41
Racquet-tail. Yellowish-breasted 1 52
radamanthus schreiberi, Euploea 237
raddei, Vipera 243
radiata, Geochelone 65
radiala, Partula 191
radiatus, Anodontoides 172
radiatus, Erythrotriorchis 33
radiceus, Carpococcyx 42
Radiocentrum 126
Radioconus 123
Radiodiscus 123. 214
radiolata, Acanthochelys 165
radiolata, Partula 127
radiolata. Zing is 125
radiolosus, Neomorphus 42
radiosus, Cyprinodon 80
Rafetus 66
rafflesia, Euscheman 252
raffle sii, Megalaima 154
raffrayana, Emballonura 129
rafinesqueana, Lampsilis 1 1 1
rafmesquii, Plecotus 13
rahmi, Lophuromys 143
raiatensis, Partula 191
Rail. Auckland Islands 36
Rail. Austral 37
Rail. Bald-faced 36
Rail. Bar-winged 180
Rail. Bogota 37
Rail. Brown-banded 36
Rail. Chatham Islands 180
Rail. Dieffenbach's 180
Rail. Galapagos 149
Rail. Guam 180
Rail. Inaccessible 36
Rail. Invisible 36
Rail. Junin 36
Rail. Lord Howe 36
Rail. New Caledonian 36
Rail. New Guinea Flightless 198
Rail, Okinawa 36
Rail, Plain-Hanked 37
Rail. Red 180
Rail, Rodrigues 180
Rail. Rougefs 150
Rail. Roviana 149
Rail. Sakalava 36
Rail. Snoring 36
Rail. Swinhoe's 36
Rail. Tahiti 180
Rail. Wake Island 180
Rail. Woodford's 36
Rail. Zapata 36
raimondii, Phytotoma 47
Rainbow. Celebes 79
Rainbowfish, Ajamaru Lakes 204
Rainbowfish. Arfak 78
Rainbowfish. Axelrod's 243
Rainbowfish. Bleher's78
Rainbowfish. Boeseman's 78
Rainbowfish. Bulolo 204
Rainbowfish. Cairns 78
Rainbowfish. Corona 204
Rainbowfish, Dwarf 205
Rainbowfish, Exquisite 204
Rainbowfish. Hy River 205
Rainbowfish. Lake Eacham 78
Rainbowfish. Lake Kurumoi 78
Rainbowfish, Lake Kutubu 78
Rainbowfish, Lake Tebera 205
Rainbowfish. Lake Wanam78
Rainbowfish. Mayland's243
Rainbowfish. Misool 243
Rainbowfish. Mountain 205
Rainbowfish, Ogilby's 205
Rainbowfish, Oktedi 78
Rainbowfish, Papuan 243
Rainbowfish, Pima River 205
Rainbowfish, Pygmy 168
Rainbowfish, Ramu 204
Rainbowfish, Red 78
Rainbowfish, Sentani 78
Rainbowfish. Slender 168
Rainbowfish. Spotted 243
Rainbowfish. Strickland 243
Rainbowfish, Tami River 204
Rainbowfish, Van Heurn's205
Rainbowfish, Waigeo 243
Rainbowfish, Yakati 204
raineyi, Crocidura 1
Rajah, Chestnut 253
raji. Hippocampus 81
RAJIDAE 201
RAJIFORMES 201
rakiurae, Hoplodactylus 165
RALLIDAE 36, 149, 180, 198
Rallina 37. 198
Rallus 37
ramadeva, Lethe 253
Ramiheithrus 255
ramirohitra, Brachyuromys 143
ramonensis, Euchondrus 124
RAMPHASTIDAE 154
ramphastinus, Semnomis 154
Ramphocinclus 49
Ramphodon 43. 153
Ramphotyphlops 62
ramsayi, Aspidites 61
ramsayi, Fluviopupa 173
Ramshorn, Acorn 113
Ramshorn. Magnificent 113
ramuensis, Glossolepis 204
ramulosus. Hippocampus 81
Rana 67. 68. 167, 182, 201. 243
randi, Muscicapa 51
Randia 160
Ranella 173
RANELLIDAE 173
ranfurlyi, Phalacrocorax 31
Ranger. Barber's 252
Rangifer 227
RANIDAE 67. 167. 182. 201, 243
raniformis, Litoria 66
ranjiniae, Rattus 26
Ranodon 68
rapaensis, Canthigaster 88
raphanurus, Rhyncholestes 3
Raphicerus 131
RAPHIDAE 180
Raphiomydas 250
Raphus 180
raptor, Paranyctimene 136
raricosta, Pomatias 244
rarotongensis, Ptilinopus 151
rarum, Aciagrion 208
Rasbora. Valeria Flower 132
Rasbora 74. 132
raspaili, Tacheocampylaea 215
rastellus, Syncomistes 169
Rat. Arizona Cotton 233
Rat. Berkeley Hills Kangaroo 231
Rat. Colorado River Cotton 242
Rat, Dinagat Island Cloud 23
Rat, Earthquake Valley Kangaroo 231
340
Rat, Fresno Kangaroo 232
Rat, Giant Bushy-tailed Cloud 23
Rat, Giant Kangaroo 23
Rat, Giluwe 144
Rat, Greater Mole 27
Rat, Greater Stick-nest 24
Rat, Gunnison Island Kangaroo 23 1
Rat, Heath 131
Rat, Hot Springs Cotton 233
Rat, House Rock Valley Kangaroo 232
Rat, Lesser Mole 27
Rat, Luzon Forest 242
Rat, Marsh Rice 233
Rat, Mindoro Climbing 23
Rat, Mt Isarog Striped 23
Rat, Poncelet's Giant 27
Rat, Red Vizcacha 28
Rat, Rock-dwelling 145
Rat, Ryukyu Long-tailed Giant 143
Rat, San Bernardino Kangaroo 231
Rat, San Joaquin Kangaroo 142
Rat, San Quintin Kangaroo 23
Rat, Selinda Veld 242
Rat, Southern Giant Slender-tailed Cloud
26
Rat, Stephens' Kangaroo 131
Rat, Tawitawi Lsland 26
Rat, Texas Kangaroo 23
Rat, Tipton Kangaroo 232
Rat, Western Small-toothed 24
Rat-kangaroo, Desert 177
rathbunae, Procambarus 95
rathbuni, Typhlomolge 68
Ratsirakia 244
Rattlesnake, Aruba Island 62
Rattlesnake, New Mexican Ridge-nosed
246
rattrayi, Anhydrophryne 167
Rattus 26, 144, 145, 178, 197
Ratufa 22, 245
raveneliana, Alasmidonta 110
ravidus, Tardus 181
raviventris halicoetes, Reithrodontomys
233
raviventris raviventris,
Reithrodontomys 233
raviventris, Reithrodontomys 26
ravouxi, Epimyrma 100
ravus, Tomopeas 13
Rayadito, Mas Afuera 45
rayi, Moitessieria 173
razae, Alauda 47
reaperi, Farula 255
reburrus, Cambarus 93
recifinus, Platyrrhinus 1 1
recta, Ligumia 172
recta, Westraltrachia 122
recticulus, Ochthebius 249
rectirostris, Hylocryptus 155
rectirostris, Limnomis 155
rectum, Cristilabrum 122
rectunguis, Centropus 152
recurvatum, Enallagma 106
Recurvebill, Bolivian 45
Recurvebill, Peruvian 155
RECURVIROSTRIDAE 37
recurvirostris, Avocettula 153
reddelli, Rhamdia 76
reddelli, Stygobromus 90
redfieldi, Partulina 121
Redfin, Berg River 73
Redfin, Burchell's 73
Redfin, Clanwilliam 71
Redfin, Eastern Cape 168
Redfin, Fiery 73
Redfin, Slender 73
Redfin, Smallscale 73
Redfin, Twee River 71
Redfish 82
Redhorse, Bighead 246
Redhorse, Copper 75
Redhorse, Gray 203
Redigobius 169
redimita, Xerarionla 125
Redstart, Ala Shan 160
reducta, Thermomesochra 208
redunca, Redunca 131
Redunca 131,230
REDUVIIDAE 251
Reed-warbler, Basra 158
Reed-warbler, Nauru 49
Reed-warbler, Nightingale 49
Reed-warbler, Pitcairn 49
Reed-warbler, Streaked 49
Reed-warbler, Tahiti 49
Reedbuck, Bohor 131
Reedbuck, Chanler's Mountain230
Reedbuck, Mountain 131
Reedbuck, Southern 131
Reedbuck, Southern Mountain 230
Reedbuck, Western Mountain 230
Reedhaunter, Straight-billed 155
reevesii, Syrmaticus 35
reeviana brevicuia, Lampsilis 238
reeviana reeviana. Lampsilis 238
refulgens, Quadrula 172
regalis, Heliangelus 43
regalis, Hypseleotris 169
regalis. Pseudanlhias 83
regani. Chirostoma 204
regani. Neosalanx 76
regia, Erythrura 57
regiruie. Lasius 100
reginicola. Conomyrma 100
regis. Plagiolepis 101
regularis, Ancylus 173
rehbinderi, Strongylognathus 102
rehsei, Acrocephalus 49
reibischi, Bulimulus 126
reichei, Papillogobius 169
reichenowi, Anthreptes 161
reichenowi, Streptopelia 151
reidi, Hippocampus 81
reighardi. Coregonus 77
reimanni, Chelodina 200
reimeri. Procambarus 95
reisalpense. Bythiospeum 115
reiseri, Chirocephalus 91
reiseri, Phyllomyias 156
Reithrodontomys 26, 27, 145, 233, 245
rekohua, Galaxias 76
relevata, Leiostyla 127
relicta, Amaurospiza 162
relicta, Myonycteris 9
relictus, Larus 150
relictus. Platysaurus 165
Relictus 74
religosa. Crocidura 193
remota. Partula 191
remotus. Conocephaloides 109
remseni, Doliomis 46
remyi, Hypnophila 214
remyi. Suncus 8
renauldi, Carpococcyx 152
Renea 113
rennellianus. Zosterops 162
REPTILIA 58, 132, 164, 182, 199, 234,
242, 246
res. Ningbingia 122
reses. Orthalicus 215
resinus. Mandibularca 72
resplendens. Centropyge 84
respublica, Cicinnurus 164
restrictus, Cisticola 198
reticulata. Amastra 1 89
reticulata. Eos 152
reticulata, Eusthenia 254
reticulata, Insulivitrina 128
reticulata, Meliphaga 162
reticulatus. Coeranoscincus 165
reticulatus. Sanopus 78
retiformis, Bufo 166
retinaculum, Buffetia 125
Retinella 217
Retrecie, Salamis 253
retrocinctum, Dicaeum 53
retrodens, Hoplotilapia 184
RETROPINNIDAE 76, 183
retusa, Obovaria 1 1 1
retusus, Chlamyphorus 5
reventazoni, Palaemnertm 108
reverberii, Atelognathus 66
revoili, Elephantulus 29
rex, Balaeniceps 147
rex, Clytoceyx 198
rex, Ogasawarana 112
rex, Percina 84
rex, Rhinolophus 1 1
rex, Tachyoryctes 21
rex, Uromys 27
Reymondia 119
reyniesii, Bythinella 244
reynoldsi, Neoseps 60
reynoldsiana, Spheterista 254
rezvoji, Camptoceras 210
Rhabdomys 197
Rhabdornis, Long-billed 161
Rhabdornis 161
RHABDORNITHIDAE 161
rhabdota, Lyropupa 216
Rhachis 189
Rhadine 248
Rhagada 122
Rhagomys 27
Rhamdia 76
Rhantus 249
Rhantus 98, 185, 249
RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE 108, 254
Rhea, Greater 146
Rhea, Lesser 146
Rhea 146
Rhebok, Grey 131
341
Rhegmatorhina 155
RHEIDAE 146
RHEIFORMES 146
Rheinardia 35
Rheobatrachus 67
Rheocles 78. 183,205,243
rheocola, Litoria 66
Rheodytes 62
Rheomys 145
rheophilus, Taudactylus 67
Rhincodon 201
RHINCODONTIDAE 201
Rhinichthys 74, 183,246
Rhinoceros, Black 19
Rhinoceros, Great Indian 19, 226
rhinoceros, Haplophlhalmus 97
Rhinoceros, Javan 19
Rhinoceros, Northern White 225
Rhinoceros, Sumatran 19
Rhinoceros, White 130
Rhinoceros 19,225,226
RHINOCEROTIDAE 19, 130,225
Rhinoclemmys 64, 166
RHINOCRYPTIDAE 46, 155
Rhinocypha 106
Rhinoderma 201
RHINODERMATIDAE 201
rhinogradoides, Tateomys 27
RHINOLOPHIDAE 10, 129, 136, 194
Rhinolophus 10, 11, 129, 137, 194
Rhinomyias 52, 160
Rhinonicteris 1 1
Rhinophylla 137
Rhinopithecus 15
Rhinopoma 10
RHINOPOMATIDAE 10
Rhinoptilus 37
Rhipidolestes 107
Rhipidomys 27, 145
Rhipidura 52, 160, 199
rhipidurus, Echimys 197
Rhithrodytes 99
Rhizoplagiodonua 179
Rhizosomichthys 183
Rhodacanthis 181
Rhodacme 113
Rhodeus 236
rhodocephala, Pyrrhura 152
rhodocorytha, Amazona 40
Rhodonessa 2il
Rhogeessa 139
rhombifer, Crocodylus 58
rhombosomoides, Caimsichthys 78
RHOPALIDAE 251
Rhophodon 214
Rhopomis 46
Rhoptromyrmex 101
Rhyacophila 187,255
RHYACOPHILIDAE 187,255
Rhyacomis 52
rhynchida, Kenkia 256
RHYNCHOCEPHALIA 58, 243
Rhynchochydorus 90
Rhynchocyon 29, 245
Rhyncholestes 3
Rhynchomeles 193
Rhynchomys 27
RHYNCHOPIDAE 38
Rhynchopsitta 41
Rhyncogonus 248
Rhyncogonus 185
RHYNOCHETIDAE 37
Rhynochetos 37
Rhysoconcha 123
Rhytida 127
RHYTIDIDAE 127,175,216
richardsoni liberiensis, Poiana 224
richardsoni, Melanospiza 162
richardsoni, Microhydromys 144
richardsoni, Phrantela 211
richmondi, Sciurus 142
ricketti, Myolis 138
rickseckeri, Hydrochara 249
ricordi, Cyclura 60
ricto, Hemidaina 254
riddellii, Pleurobema 172
ridgwayi, Aegolius 152
ridgwayi, Buteo 33
ridgwayi, Cotinga 46
ridgwayi, Nesotriccus 47
ridgwayi, Thalurania 44
Ridley, Kemp's 63
Ridley, Olive 63
ridleyi, Hipposideros 10
ridleyi, Myotis 138
riedelii, Tanysiptera 154
Riekoperla 109
Riffleshell, Angled 187
Riffleshell, Northern 255
Riffleshell, Tan 255
Riffleshell, Tennessee 187
Riffleshell, Wabash 187
Riflebird, Paradise 164
riggenbachi, Gerbillus 143
rijersmai, Alsophis 61
n'/ey/ cristata, Cyclura 234
n'/eyi nuchalis, Cyclura 234
n/ej'/ n7e>'i, Cyclura 234
n/cyi, Cyclura 60
n/eyi, Poecilmitis 103
Rimator 160
rimiculus ssp., Catostomus 246
rimosus, Lemiox 1 1 1
ringens, Diplommatina 210
Ringlet, False 171
Ringlet, False Dewy 253
Ringlet, Gavarnie 253
Ringlet, Larche 253
Ringlet, Ottoman Brassy 253
Ringlet, Raetzer's 171
Ringlet, Sudeten 253
Ringtail, Arfak 193
Ringtail, D'Albertis 4
Ringtail, Lowland 193
Ringtail, Plush-coated 5
Ringtail, Western 4
Ringtail, Weyland 193
rintjanus, Komodomys 24
riochcoensis, Radioconus 123
RIODINIDAE 253
ni( sakishimana, Planaeschna 237
mi, Progomphus 107
risora, Alectrurus 47
fiiija 38
Wto manonii, Euphilotes 252
ritsemae, Lacconectus 249
River-martin, White-eyed 48
river siana, Xantusia 61
rivulatus, Trichomyclerus 168
Rivulus 243
Rivulus 205, 243
Roach, Albanian 168
Roach, Black Sea 203
Roach, Danube 203
Roach, Tuna Cave 247
roachi, Myomimus 28
Robberfly, Antioch 250
Robberfly, Hurd's 250
roberti, Alloperla 187
roberti, Chionomys 143
roberti, Conopophaga 155
roberti, Gymnuromys 24
roberti, Nesidiolestes 251
robertsi, Euastacus 96
robertsi, Zenacrhopterus 243
robertsoni, Bellamya 120
Robin, Black-throated Blue 51
Robin, Blue-fronted 158
Robin, Chatham Islands 51
Robin, Grey-headed 159
Robin, Olive-yellow 199
Robin, Rufous-headed 51
Robin, Ryukyu 158
Robin, Snow Mountain 199
Robin, Swynnerton's 52
Robin-chat, White-headed 50
robinsi, Priolepis 169
robinsoni, Coelops 136
robinsoni, Myiophonus 159
Roblinella 174
roborowskii, Carpodacus 199
robusta ssp., Gila 246
robusta, Actinella 174
robusta, Alasmidonta 110
robusta, Dubiraphia 249
robusta, Mystacina 177
robusta, Pantagenia 186
robusta, Partula 191
robusta, Pyrgulopsis 21 1
robustior, Miniopterus 12
robustus , Eschrichtius 225
robustus isabellinus, Macropus 220
robustus, Chaetodon 84
robustus, Eschrichtius 129
robustus, Eudyptes 29
robustus, Rivulus 205
robustus, Scotophilus 139
robustus, Solegnathus 82
rochussenii, Scolopax 38
Rock-catfish 203
Rock-catfish, Barnard's 76
Rock-catfish, Clanwilliam 76
Rock-rat, Central 27
Rock-skink, Jurien Bay 234
Rock-thrush, Benson's 52
Rock-thrush, Forest 160
Rock-wallaby, Black-footed 220, 241
Rock-wallaby, Brush-tailed4
Rock-wallaby, Cape York 135
Rock-wallaby, Mountain Claro 135
Rock-wallaby, Prosperine4
342
Rock-wallaby, Yellow-footed 135, 220
rockefelleri, Nectarinia 53
Rockfish, Boccacio 82
Rockfowl, Grey-necked 52
Rockfowl, White-necked 51
rockhamptonensis, Sphaerospira 174
Rockjumper, Orange-breasted 158
Rockjumper, Rufous 158
Rocksnail, Agate 118
Rocksnail, Armored 118
Rocksnail, Bigmouth 118
Rocksnail, Helmet 118
Rocksnail, Interrupted 188
Rocksnail, Knobby 118
Rocksnail, Lyrate 118
Rocksnail, Maiden 118
Rocksnail, Muddy 118
Rocksnail, Oblong 118
Rocksnail, Onyx 118
Rocksnail, Ornate 118
Rocksnail, Painted 118
Rocksnail, Plicate 118
Rocksnail, Rotund 118
Rocksnail, Round 117
Rocksnail, Rugose 118
Rocksnail, Smooth 118
Rocksnail, Spotted 118
Rocksnail, Striped 118
Rocksnail, Varicose 118
Rocksnail, Warty 118
Rocky, Eastern Province 88
RODENTIA 22, 131, 142, 178, 197, 230,
242, 245
rodericana, 'Alectroenas' 180
rodericana, Geonemertes 217
rodericanus, 'Necropsittacus' 181
rodericanus, Bebrornis 50
rodericanus, Necrospar 182
rodolphei, Stachyris 52
rodricensis, Pteropus 9
rodriguezensis, Afrogyrus 1 1 3
rodriguezensis, Dancea 124
rodriguezensis, Nesopupa 216
rodriguezi, Reithrodontomys 27
rogersi campestris, Procambarus 237
rogersi explelus, Procambarus 237
rogersi ochlocknensis, Procambarus
237
rogersi rogersi, Procambarus 237
rogersi, Atlantisia 36
rogersi, Tomicha 1 1 8
Roimonlis 214
Roja, Barbo de Cola 71
rolandiana, Moitessieria244
rorrmnica, Cobitis 203
Romanichthys 84
Romankenkius 192
Romerolagus 29
ronaldi, Beddomeia 1 1 5
rondoensis, Galagoides 194
roosevelti, Anolis 59
roquettei, Phylloscartes 47
roraimae, Podoxymys 144
rosacea, Mycteroperca 83
rosae, Amblyopsis 77
rosalia, Leontopithecus 14
Rosalia 98
rosalinda, Gerbillus 242
Rose, Sri Lankan 105
rosea, Partula 127
Rosefinch, Tibetan 199
rosei, Capensibufo 166
rosei, Heleophryne 66
roseicapilla, Ptilinopus 151
roseigaster, Priotelus 153
rosenbergi, Nyctiphrynus 1 53
rosenbergii, Gymnocrex 36
roseus, Opislhopatus 187
roseveari, Lemniscomys 143
rosewateri, Tridacna 1 1 2
rositae, Passerina 162
rosmarus laptevi, Odobenus 224
rosseti, Myotis 138
rossi, Apatalestea 250
rossi, Trigonoscuta 185
rossiana, Paryphanta 216
rossmaessieri, Chilostoma 174
Rossomrymex 101
Rossomyrmex 101
rossouwi, Aloeides 102
rossouwi, Thestor 104
rostrata rostrata, Aprasia 234
rostrata, Helicina 112
rostratum, Trichastoma 160
rostratus, Galaxias 76
rostripes, Diaptomus 207
rostrogaleatus, Engaeus 96
roswellensis, Pyrgulopsis 21 1
rotanus, Semperdon 214
rotensis, Zosterops 54
rothschildi, Cypseloides 153
rothschildi, Leucopsar 57
rothschildi, Murexia 193
rothschildi, Myospalax 144
rothschildi, Ornithoptera 105
rothschildi, Phalanger 4
rotula, Himeroconcha 214
rotulata, Obovaria 172
rotundata, Bridouxiana 119
rotundata, Parantica liH
rotundatus, Sandracottus 249
rotundicauda, Carcinoscorpius 209
rotundicollis, Dysticheus 248
rouchi, Ceuthonectes 96
rouchi, Spelaeodiaptomus IQil
rougetii, Rougetius 150
Rougetius 150
rourei, Nemosia 55
Rousette, Madagascar 10
Rousettus 10, 136
rousseloti, Dendroprionomys 143
rovianae, Gallirallus 149
rowelli bakerensis, Eremarionta 239
rowelli mccoiana, Eremarionta 239
Rowettia 55
rowleyi, Eutrichomyias 50
roxellana, Rhinopithecus 15
roylei, Alticola 143
rozendaali, Murina 138
ruatanica, Dasyprocta 28
Ruatara 123
rubecula, Poospiza 55
rubella, Palaina 21 1
rubellum, Pleurobema 1 1 2
rubens, Amastra 121
rubens, Orthetrum 209
ruicr, Myotis 12
rubescens, Gallicolumba 39
rubicola, Melomys 25
rubicunda, Bellamya 120
rubicundus, Helicarion 125
rubida, Monodelphis 3
rubida, Rhinoclemmys 64
rubidiceps, Chloephaga 147
rubiginosus, Prionailurus 195
rufcra, Foudia 57
ruira, Mycteroperca 206
rubra, Paradisaea 164
rubranura, Felexamia 251
rubricollis, Charadrius yi
rubrifacies, Lybius 154
rubripes, Odontopodisma 108
rubritorques, Anthreptes 53
rubriventer, Eulemur 14
rubriventris, Pseudemys 166
rubrogenys, Ara 40
rubrum, Etheostoma 169
rubrum, Pleurobema 111
ruckii, Cyornis 50
Rudd, Greek 74
™ddi, Heteromirafra 48
rude;, Necydalis 248
rut/ii, Hetaerina 106
rarfi5, Jacksonena 173
r«t/(.5, Naultinus 243
rwdij, Sinployea 190
rudolfi, Ninox 42
rudolphi, Paradisaea 58
rueppelli, Vulpes 195
rueppellii, Nycticeius 139
ru/a nigra, Aplodontia 230
ru/a phaea, Aplodontia 230
r«^, Formica 170
r«/a, Trichocichla 53
rufescens, Atrichornis 47
rufescens, Elisolimax 215
rufescens, llladopsis 159
rufescens, Rhagomys 27
Ruffe, Balon's 206
Ruffe, Striped 83
ruficapilla, Alcippe 158
ruficauda, Myrmeciza 46
ruficauda, Neochmia 57
ruftcaudatus, Lepilemur 241
ruficeps, Eucerceris 251
ruficeps, Luscinia 51
ruficeps, Paradoxomis 160
ruficollaris, Todirhamphus 44
ruficollis, Branta 32
ruficollis, Madanga 53
ruficollis, Sporophila 163
ruficollis, Syndactyla 45
rufifrons tilonura, Gazella 228
rufifrons, Formicarius 45
rufifrons, Garrulax 159
rufifrons, Gazella 21
rufigenis, Atlapetes 162
rufigula, Ficedula 158
rufigularis, Hemitriccus 156
rufigularis, Hyetornis 42
rufilatus, Cephalophus 130
rufina, Gazella 178
343
rufina, Mazama 141
rufipectus, Arborophila 34
rufipennis, Macropygia 151
rufipennis, Nectarinia 53
rufipes, Phrynops 165
rufiventer, Pteruthius 160
rufiventris, Alsophis 61
rufivenlris, Saltator 55
rufocinctus, Kupeornis 159
rufocinerea, Grallaria 46
rufodorsalis, Diplomys 28
rufofilosa, Tanganyicia 1 1 9
rufogularis, Alcippe 158
rufogularis, Pachycephala 132
rufolavalus, Tachybaptus 29
rufomarginatus, Euscarthmus 47
rufomerus, Chrysococcyx 198
rufoniger, Spilocuscus 4
rufopectus, Poliocephalus 29
rufosuperciliaris, Hemispingus 162
rufozonata, Pachystyla 190
rufula, Georissa 209
rufum, Rhinodentm 201
rufum, Stenoderma 1 1
th/wj, Canis 16
ru/w5, Rhinolophus 137
rugensis, Metabolus 51
mgiferus. Bulimulus 126
rugosa, Deinacrida 109
rugosiceps, Oceanides 251
Ruivaco 74
raA:;, Sufaa 53
Rufaa 53, 161
rulieni, Miloderes 248
rumphiana, Quadrula 172
rumpii, Myosorex 7
rumppi, Agabus 248
rupestris. Elephantulus 29
rupicapra asiatica, Rupicapra 230
rupicapra balcanica, Rupicapra 242
rupicapra cartusiana, Rupicapra 230
rupicapra caucasica, Rupicapra 230
rupicapra tatrica. Rupicapra 230
Rupicapra 131,230,242
rupicola, Lacerta 165
ruppj, Myomys 25
ruschii, Abrawayaomys 23
ruspolii, Tauraco 42
Russatus 214
rustica, Partula 191
ruthenus , Acipenser 235
ruthenus, Acipenser 70
Rutilus 74, 168, 203
ruwenzorii, Micropotamogale 5
Ruwenzorisorex 7
ruweti, Ploceus 57
ruzskyi, Strongylognathus 102
rva<rv«eni(;s amamii, Coeliccia 238
rya^yufnju o'"*?'"^"^", Coeliccia 238
Rynchops 38
Ryssota 215
ryukyuensis asatoi, Stylogomphus 238
ryukyuensis watanabei, Stylogomphus
238
sabahensis, Lacconectus 249
sabanicola, Dasypus 193
Sabanjewia 168,203
Sable, Japanese 224
Sabrefin, Santa Catarina79
Sabrewing, Long-tailed 153
Sabrewing, Napo 153
Sabrewing, Santa Marta 153
Sabrewing, White-tailed 43
sabrinus califomicus, Glaucomys 230
sabrinus coloratus, Glaucomys 230
sabrinus fuscus, Glaucomys 230
sabrinus griseifrons, Glaucomys 230
Sacalia 64, 200
Saccogaster 77
Saccolaimus 10, 136
Saccopteryx 136
sacerdotalis, Crassispira 213
sacerdotum, Monarcha 5 1
sachalinensis, Microtus 144
sacobianus, Apomys 23
sacramenti, Meriones 25
Sacramento, Anthicus 98
Saddleback 132
Sadleriana 116
sadoensis. Euhadra 213
sadonis, Sorex 1
saeronius, Bulimulus 126
5aga 109
SAGDIDAE 216
sagitta, Partula 191
sagittatus, Otus 42
sagittirostris. Viridonia 181
Saguinus 14,221,241
Saiga 22
Saiga, Mongolian 230
Saiga, Russian 230
Sa/ga 22, 230
Sailer, Pale Hockeystick 253
Saimiri 15,222
saintjohni, Mautodontha 189
sakaramyi, Pachypanchax 79
Saki, Black 222
Saki, Equatorial 241
Saki, Uta Hick's Bearded 222
Saki, White-nosed Bearded 241
Salado, Sardinita de 183
saladonis, Notropis 1 83
Salamander, Abe's 68
Salamander, Amber-coloured 201
Salamander, Caucasian 167
Salamander, Cheat Mountain 68
Salamander, Chinese Giant 201
Salamander, Desert Slender 68
Salamander, Gold-striped 68
Salamander, Golden 235
Salamander, Green 167
Salamander, Grotto 201
Salamander, Hakuba 68
Salamander, Hokuriku 68
Salamander. Japanese Giant 68
Salamander, Jemez Mountains 68
Salamander, Kern Canyon Slender68
Salamander, Lake Lerma 68
Salamander. Lake Patzcuaro246
Salamander. Larch Mountain 201
Salamander, Large Alpine 69
Salamander, Limestone 68
Salamander, Lycian 68
Salamander, Oita 68
Salamander, Oki 68
Salamander. Red Hills 68
Salamander. San Marcos 68
Salamander, Santa Cruz Long-toed246
Salamander, Sardinian Brook68
Salamander, Sardinian or Brown Cave
167
Salamander, Semirechensk68
Salamander, Shasta 68
Salamander, Shenandoah 68
Salamander, Siskiyou Mts68
Salamander, Tehachapi Slender68
Salamander, Texas Blind 68
Salamander. Vietnamese 68
Salamandra 69. 235
SALAMANDRIDAE 68, 132, 167, 201,
235
salamandroides, Lepidogalaxias 168
Salamis 253
salamonis, Gallicolumba 39
salamonis, Solomvs 27
SALANGIDAE 76
Salanoia 17
salaziensis, Ctenophila 245
salebrosa, Lithasia 118
salebrosus, Solomys 145
salenskii, Soriculus 8
salifana, Partula 191
salimalii, Latidens 9
salinarum, Biomphalaria 173
salinarum, Xolmis 156
salinasensis, Disconaias 110
salinasensis. Lampsilis 255
salinicola, Dolichotis 145
salinus milleri, Cyprinodon 247
salinus salinus, Cyprinodon 247
Salmanderfish 168
Salnw 77, 204
saimoides ssp., Micropterus 247
Salmon, Satsukimasu 77
SALMONIDAE 77, 183. 204, 236, 243,
247
SALMONIFORMES 76, 168, 183, 204,
236, 243, 247
salmonis. Beddomeia 115
salmopunctatus, Anthias 82
Salmothymus 11
Salpingotus 23, 143, 197
Saltator, Masked 163
Saltator, Rufous-bellied 55
Saltator, Thick-billed 163
Saltator 55, 163
Saltillo, Charalito 72
saltuarius, Crypturellus 29
saluposi, Mexilana 97
salvadorii, Psittaculirostris 41
Salvadorina 32
salvanius, Sus 20
Salvelinus 11, 183,204
Salvethymus 11
salvini, Ochthoeca 156
salvinii, Staurotypus 166
samarensis, Orthotomus 159
samarensis, Penelopides 154
samarensis, Sundasciurus 22
sambavae, Acraea 252
samnitica, Myrmica 101
Samoana 127, 215
samoensis, Gymnomyza 54
344
samoensis, Pteropus 9
samoensis, Zosterops 54
sampsoni, Dysnomia 187
sampsonii, Epioblasma 1 1 1
samurai, Polyergus 101
sanbomi, Sciurus 142
sanctacrucis, Nyctimene 177
sanclacrucis, Pieropus 9
sanctaecrucis. Gallicolumba 39
sanctaecrucis. Zosterops 242
sanctaehclenae. Callionymus 87
sanctaehelenae, Charadrius 37
sanctaehclenae, Chromis 86
sanctaehelenae, Stegastes 86
sanctaehelenae, Succinea 175
sancticrucis, Alsophis 182
sanctipaulensis, Akodon 143
sandawanum, Graphium 105
sandbergeri, Bythiospeum 1 1 5
Sandelia 88
Sandfish, Clanwilliam 72
Sandia, Perritos de 183
sandiegonensis, Branchinecta 91
Sandpiper, Spoon-billed 37
Sandpiper, Tahitian 180
Sandpiper, Tuamotu 38
Sandpiper-plover, Diademed 150
Sandracottus 249
sandrius, Gomphus 107
Sandshell, Southern 255
sandvicensis, Branta 32
sandwicensis, Eleotris 206
sandwichensis, Porzana 180
sandwichensis, Pterodroma 30
sanfelipensis, Mesocapromys 28
sanfordi, Cyomis 50
sanfordi, Haliaeetus 33
sangirensis, Tarsius 194
sanguicauda, Tominanga 79
sanguinea, Laminella 111
sanguineus, Rhachis 189
sanguinichristi, Pisidium 256
sanitwongsei, Pangasius 203
Sanjika, Dwarf 73
sankara nar, Neptis 253
Sanopus 78
santaanae, Catostomus 75
santamariae, Cyprinella 72
santipaulae, Stegastes 86
santovestris, Aplonis 57
santschii, Monomorium 101
Sanzinia 61
Sapheopipo 45
sapidus, Arvicola 143
sapientis, Solomys 27
Sapphire, White Spotted 103
sarasinorum. Mops 139
sarasinorum, Tamanka 87
sarasinorum, Telmatherina 79
sarasinorum, Xenopoecilus 81
Saratoga, Southern 167
saratogae, Belostoma 250
Sarcogyps 148
SARCOPTERYGII 88
sardus, Prolagus 179
sargenti, Somatogyrus 212
Saroglossa 164
Sarotherodon 86, 236
Sarothrura 37
Sasakia 253
Satan 75
satanas satanas, Chiropotes 222
satanas utahicki, Chiropotes 222
satanas, Allodiaptomus 91
satanas, Colobus 15
saterei, Callithrix 194
satura, Lampsilis 172
SATURNIIDAE 208
satyavati, Lethe 253
satyra, Tragopan 149
SATYRIDAE 171, 253
Satyrodes 253
saudiya, Gazella 178
saulcyi, Hemicycla 125
saurulersi, Larus 38
saundersiae. Otomys 144
SAURIA 59, 164, 182, 199, 234, 243, 246
sauvagei, Ptyochromis 86
sauveli. Bos 20
Sauzieri 181
savesi, Aegotheles 43
Sawfin 71
Sawfish, Common 70
Sawfish, Freshwater 69
Sawfish, Largetooth 69
Sawfish, Smalltooth 69
sawtelli, Collocalia 43
Sawwing, Mountain 157
saxatilis, Orconectes 94
Saxicola 52, 160
iav(, Zoraena 106
saypani, Zosterops 162
sazirrmi, Hylodes 67
scabro, Lyropupa 216
Scaevatuta 213
scaevola mikawa, Euhadra 239
scalarina, Palairm 211
Scaleshell 172
scalops, Monodelphis 3
Scaly-foot, Brigalow 60
scamandri, Hydrobia 116
scandens, Rhipidomys 27
SCANDENTIA 8
Scaphirhynchus 70
Scarab, Saline Valley Snow-front250
Scarab, Spotted Warner Valley Dunes250
SCARABAEIDAE 99, 249
Scardinius 74, 203
SCARIDAE 87
Scartomyzon 203
Scarus 87
Scaturiginichthys 79
Sceloglaux 181
Scelotes 61, 165
Scepomycter 52
schadenbergi, Atrophaneura 105
schadenbergi, Crateromys 23
schaeferi, Pseudois 21
schalleri, Myosorex 7
schaubi, Myotis 194
schauinslandi, Caconemobius 108
schauinslandi, Monachus 17
schaumi Shenandoah, Sphaeroderus
248
Schayera 108
scheepmakeri, Goura 39
scherzeri, Euploea 104
Schismatogobius 207
schistacea, Coracirm 242
schistacea, Zoothera 161
schistaceus, Hipposideros 136
schistaceus, Mayromis 159
schisticolor, Myopus 144
Schislura 75
Schizoeaca 155
Schizothorax 74
schlegeli, Philepitta 157
schlegeli, Pseudocheirus 193
schlegelii, Tomistoma 199
schleiermacheri, Polyplectron 35
schmitzi, Rhoptromyrmex 101
schnablii, Amorphochilus 1 1
schneideri, Bitis 62
schneideri. Pitta 47
schneideri, Teleutomyrmex 102
schneideri, Tiradelphe 105
Schoenicola 160
schoenigi, Parantica 104
schomburgki, Cervus 178
schomburgkii, Micropygia 149
schottlaenderi, Monolistra 97
Schoutedenapus 43
schoutedeni, Schoutedenapus 43
schraetzer, Gymnocephalus 83
schreiberi, Lacerta 165
schreibersi, Miniopterus 138
schrencki, Acipenser 70
schrenki, Perca 206
schulzi, Cinclus 49
schulzi, Dryocopus 154
schulzi, Tonatia 1 1
schuppi, Ptychodon 123
schweizeri, Macrovipera 62
SCIAENIDAE 84
Scimitar-babbler, Short-tailed51
Scimitar-babbler, Slender-billed 161
SCINCIDAE 60, 165, 182, 200, 234, 243,
246
scindocataracta, Geminoropa 123
sciopteryx, Nesomimesa 251
scipio, Erebia 253
scitula antiochensis. Perdita 251
SCIURIDAE 22, 131, 142, 197, 230, 242,
245
Sciurotamias 22
Sciurus 142,230,231
sclateri, Austroglanis 203
sclateri, Barbus 167
sclateri, Cercopilhecus 15
sclateri, Chlorotalpa 5
sclateri, Eudyptes 29
sclateri, Lophophorus 35
sclateri, Myosorex 1
sclateri, Sorex 7
sclateri, Spizocorys 157
Sclerodermus 251
Scleronycteris II
Scleropages 70, 167
scodrensis, Chondrostoma 71
Scolomys 27
SCOLOPACIDAE 37, 150, 180
345
Scolopax 38, 150
Scolopendra 89
SCOLOPENDRIDAE 89
SCOLOPENDROMORPHA 89
Scomberomorus 88
SCOMBRIDAE 88, 207, 236
Scops-owl, Anjouan 42
Scops-Owl, Flores 245
Scops-owl, Grand Comoro 42
Scops-owl, Javan 42
Scops-owl, Luzon 42
Scops-owl, Mindanao 42
Scops-owl, Mindoro 42
Scops-owl, Palawan 42
Scops-owl, Pemba 153
Scops-owl, Sao Tome 153
Scops-owl, Seychelles 42
Scops-owl, Sokoke 42
Scops-Owl, Sumatran 246
Scops-owl, Wallace's 153
Scops-owl, White-fronted 42
SCORPAENIDAE 82
SCORPAENIFORMES 82, 184, 206, 244
Scortum 206, 247
scotica, Loxia 199
Scotoecus 139
Scotomanes 139, 194
Scotopelia 42
Scotophilus 13, 139, 194
Scotorythra 186
scottae, Dendrotagus 4
scotti, Cambarus 93
scotti, Myotis 12
scottodicarloi, Speleophria 97
scratchleyi, Thryssa 202
Screamer, Northern 147
Screech-owl, Colombian 152
Screech-owl, Santa Barbara 152
scripta callirostris, Trachemys 246
scripta, Trachemys 166
scrofa riukiuanus, Sus 226
Scrub-bird, Noisy 47
Scrub-bird, Rufous 47
Scrubfowl, Micronesian 34
Scrubfowl, Moluccan 34
Scrubfowl, Niaufoou 34
Scrubfowl, Nicobar 34
Scrubfowl, Sula 149
Scrubfowl, Tabon 149
Scrubfowl, Vanuatu 34
Scrubwren, Atherton 132
Sculpin, Bear Lake 82
Sculpin, Fourhorn 244
Sculpin, Klamath Lake 206
Sculpin, Pygmy 82
Sculpin, Rough 82
Sculpin, Shoshone 82
Sculpin, Slender 206
Sculpin, Utah Lake 184
Sculpin, Wood River 82
Scutptiferussacia 124
sculpturatus, Bulimulus 126
sculpturatus, Megacolabus 248
scutata, Lissemys 200
scutatus, Augastes 153
scutula, Discus 174
scutulata, Cairina 32
Scytalopus 46
Scythebill, Greater 155
Sea-eagle, Pallas's 33
Sea-eagle, Steller's33
seabrai, Myotis 12
Seadragon, Leafy 205
Seadragon, Weedy 205
Seahorse, Big-bellied 81
Seahorse, Dwarf 82
Seahorse, Giant 81
Seahorse, Knysna 81
Seahorse, Lined 81
Seahorse, Long-snouted 81
Seahorse, Short-headed 205
Seahorse, Short-snouted 81
Seahorse, Slender 81
Seahorse, Three-spotted 82
Seahorse, White's 82
Seal, Baikal 140
Seal, Baltic 224
Seal, Caspian 17
Seal, Galapagos Fur 17
Seal, Grey 224
Seal, Guadalupe Fur 17
Seal, Hawaiian Monk 17
Seal, Juan Fernandez Fur 17
Seal, Ladoga 224
Seal, Mediterranean Monk 17
Seal, Northern Fur 17
Seal, Saimaa 224
Seal, Ungava 224
Seal, West Indian Monk 178
Seal, Western Pacific Harbor 242
Seal ion, Japanese 224
Sebastes 82
secedens, Hyla 201
sechellarum, Copsychus 50
sechellarum, Foudia 57
sechellensis, Bebromis 50
sechellensis, Sooglossus 68
sechurae, Dusicyon 195
seclusus, Paracymus 249
secundus, Otomops 13
sedula, Prototrachia 122
seeberi, Labeo 72
Seed-finch, Great-billed 162
Seed-finch, Large-billed 162
Seedeater, Black-and-tawny55
Seedeater, Black-bellied 163
Seedeater, Blackish-blue 162
Seedeater, Buffy-fronted 55
Seedeater, Chestnut 163
Seedeater, Dark-throated 163
Seedeater, Entre Ri'os 55
Seedeater, Grey-and-chestnutl63
Seedeater, Hooded 55
Seedeater, Kipengere 163
Seedeater, Marsh 55
Seedeater, Santa Marta !62
Seedeater, Slate-blue 162
Seedeater, Temminck's 55
Seedeater, Tumaco 55
segregata, Muscicapa 199
seimundi, Treron 151
Selasphorus 43
Selevinia 28
selina, Crocidura 7
selium, Nesidiolestes 251
sellare, Etheostoma 184
semicarinata, Partulina 121
semicaudata, Emballonura 10
semicostata, Omphalotropis 210
semilarvata, Eos 152
semilarvatus, Parus 161
semilineata, Tropidophora 188
Semioptera 164
semipalmatus, Eleutherodactylus 201
semipalmatus, Limnodromus 150
semiplumbea, Leucoptemis 148
semiplumbeus, Rallus 37
semirubra, Rhipidura 52
Semnopithecus 140
Semnomis 154
semoni, Helicarion 256
semoni, Hipposideros 136
Semotilus 203
Semotrachia 122, 174
semotus, Apodemus 143
semperasper, Notropis 202
Semperdon 214, 245
semperi, Leucopeza 56
semperi, Paludinella 210
senegalensis, Cyclanorbis 166
senegalensis, Trichechus 19
senex, Stumus 164
senex, Todirostrum 242
senicula, Hypena 186
seniculus amazonica. Alouatta 221
scniculus insulans, Alouatta 221
seniculus juara, Alouatta 221
seniculus puruensis, Alouatta 221
senilis, Gambusia 168
sentaniensis, Chilatherina 78
Sephanoides 43
Seps, Breyer's Long-tailed 59
Seps, Eastwood's Longtailed 182
septendecim, Magicicada 170
septendecula, Magicicada 170
septentrionalis, Lepilemur 14
septentrionalis, Ordtrachia 174
septima, Gomphus 107
sequoicola censors, Helminthoglypta
239
seriatus, Psacadonotus 109
Serica 250
sericata, Pronesopupa 216
sericea, Loboparadisea 199
sericeus, Stumus 164
Sericomis 132
SERICOSTOMATIDAE 255
Sericulus 58
Serin, Ankober 56
Serin, Salvadori's 57
Serin, Yellow-throated 57
Serinus 56, 57, 163
Serow, Chinese 228
Serow, Formosan 21
Serow, Himalayan 228
Serow, Indochinese 228
Serow, Japanese 130
Serow, Mainland 21
Serow, Red 228
Serow, Sumatran 228
serpensinsula, Nactus 59
Serpent-eagle, Andaman 148
Serpent-eagle, Madagascar 33
346
Serpent-eagle, Mountain 198
Serpent-eagle, Nicobar 148
SERPENTES 61, 165, 182, 200, 234, 243,
246
serra, Barbus 71
serrana, Formicivora 155
SERRANIDAE 82, 168, 206
Serranochromis 132
Serrastruma 101
serval constantinus, Leptailurus 223
Serval, North African 223
servillei, Onconotus 109
SESIIDAE 254
setaria, Leptasthenura 155
setaroi, Bradypodion 59
setchuanus, Eozapus 23
seticostatus, Heterexis 248
setifrons, Xenomis 46
setiliris, Ctenophila 124
Setobaudinia 244
Setobaudinia 174
Selomedea 174
Setonix 4
Setomis 157
setosa, Monadenia 121
setosis, Mesacanthotelson 247
setosus, Euastacus 96
setubalensis. Candidula 126
setzeri, Myomimus 28
jciverzowi, Bonasa 149
sexdentata, Helenoconcha 189
sexlineata, Melanotaenia 205
sexnotatus, Dryobius 248
sexluberculata, Podocnemis 65
seychellensis, Coleura 10
seychellensis, Pelusios 65
seychellensis, Tachycnemis 66
Seychellibasis 237
Shad, Alabama 71
Shad, Allis 202
Shad, Twaite 202
shajferyi, Meliobba 173
Shag, Auckland Islands 31
Shag, Bounty Islands 31
Shag, Campbell Island 31
Shag, Chatham Islands 31
Shag, Kenyon's 198
Shag, New Zealand King 31
Shag, Pitt Island 31
Shag, Stewart Island 31
Shama, Black 50
shameli, Rhinolophus 137
shantungensis, Crocidura 193
Shark, Basking 69
Shark, Blacktip 69
Shark, Bluntnose Sixgill 69
Shark, Dusky 69
Shark, Ganges 69
Shark, Great White 69
Shark, Kitefm 69
Shark, Sand tiger 69
Shark, Sandbar 69
Shark, Silver 71
Shark, Whale 201
sharmani, Petrogale 135
sharpei, Anthus 157
sharpei, Lalage 157
sharpei, Pseudocossyphus
160
sharpei, Raphicerus 131
sharpei, Terenura 46
shastae, Hydromantes 68
shawmayeri. Hydromys 143
Shearwater, Black-vented 30
Shearwater, Buller's 146
Shearwater, Heinroth's 30
Shearwater, Mutton's 30
Shearwater, Newell 's 30
Shearwater, Pink-footed 30
Shearwater, Townsend's 30
Sheep, Barbary 20
Sheep, Bighorn 131
Sheep, Blue 141
Sheep, Dwarf Blue 21
Sheep, Egyptian Barbary 245
Sheep, Mexican Bighorn 229
Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn 229
Sheep, Putorean Snow 229
Sheep, Red 245
Sheep, Snow 131
Sheep, Weems' Bighorn 229
Shelduck, Crested 32
Shelduck, Mauritian 179
Shell, Alabama Pearl 110
shelleyi, Cryptospiza 57
Shenandoah, Plelhodon 68
shepardiana, Elliptio 172
shepherdi, Tasmacetus 197
Sheppardia 52
sherrini, Nyctophilus 139
shieli, Boeckella 91
shigetai, Japonia 210
shihi, Eodiaptomus 92
Shijimiaeoides 252
Shiner. Ameca 183
Shiner, Beautiful 71
Shiner, Blackmouth 73
Shiner, Blue 71
Shiner, Bluehead 202
Shiner, Bluenose 202
Shiner. Bluestripe 167
Shiner, Bluntnose 73
Shiner, Cahaba 73
Shiner, Cape Fear 73
Shiner, Colorless 168
Shiner, Conchos 71
Shiner, Cuatro Cienegas 72
Shiner, Durango 183
Shiner, Ouachita Mountain 72
Shiner, Phantom 183
Shiner, Proserpine 71
Shiner, Rio Grande 202
Shiner, Roughhead 202
Shiner, Sharpnose 202
Shiner, Smalleye 73
Shiner, Turquoise 167
Shining-parrot, Crimson 152
Shining-parrot, Masked 152
shitkovi, Pygeretmus 143
Shoebill 147
Short-tail, Sao Tome 49
shortridgei, Pseudomys 131
shortridgei, Thallomys 145
Shortwing, Gould's 158
Shortwing, Rusty-bellied 50
Shortwing, White-bellied 158
shoshone, Pelocoris 251
Shou 226
Shoulderband, Cape 239
Shoulderband. Kern 125
Shoulderband, Merced Canyon 125
Shoulderband, Mesa 125
Shoulderband, Morro 125
Shoulderband, Victorville 174
shoupi, Orconectes 94
showalteri, Lepyrium 116
showalteri, Pleurocera 118
showatterii, Leptoxis 118
Shrew, Andaman 6
Shrew, Azumi 7
Shrew, Black 8
Shrew, Bornean Smooth-tailed TreeS
Shrew, Bornean Tree 8
Shrew, Borneo Water 6
Shrew, Dusky 8
Shrew, Egyptian Pygmy 193
Shrew, Rores 8
Shrew, Flower's 6
Shrew, Gabon Dwarf 8
Shrew, Gansu 7
Shrew, Golden-bellied TreeS
Shrew, Greater Stripe-backed 7
Shrew, Kelaart's Long-clawed 7
Shrew, Kozlov's 7
Shrew, Long-tailed Forest 7
Shrew, Makwassie Musk 241
Shrew, Malayan Water 6
Shrew, Nicobar 6
Shrew, Nicobar Tree 8
Shrew, Orii's 7
Shrew. Palawan Tree 8
Shrew, Pale Grey 7
Shrew, Paramushir 7
Shrew, Pearson's Long-clawed 7
Shrew. Philippine Tree 8
Shrew. Pribilof 7
Shrew, Sado 7
Shrew, Salenski's 8
Shrew, Southern Short-tailed 136
Shrew, Sri Lankan Long-tailed 6
Shrew, St Lawrence 7
Shrew, Sumatra Water 6
Shrew-Mole, Chinese 8
Shrew-mouse, Mt Isarog 23
Shrew-rat, Mt Isarog 27
Shrew-tenrec, Dusky 5
Shrew-tenrec, Gracile 5
Shrew-tenrec, Greater Long-taiIed5
Shrew-tenrec, Lesser Long-tailed241
Shrew-tenrec, Pygmy 5
Shrew-tenrec, Short-tailed241
Shrew-tenrec, Thomas's 5
Shrike, Mountain 157
Shrike, Sao Tome Fiscal 48
Shrike-babbler, Black-headed 160
Shrike-thrush. Bower's 158
Shrike-tyrant, White-tailed47
Shrike-vireo, Chestnut-sided 163
Shrikebill, Black-throated 158
Shrikebill, Rennell 158
Shrimp, Alabama Cave 93
Shrimp, Balcones Cave 95
Shrimp. Brine 91
Shrimp, California Freshwater93
347
Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy 91
Shrimp, Fairy 91
Shrimp, Florida Fairy 91
Shrimp, Giant Fairy 244
Shrimp, Great Lake 90
Shrimp, Kentucky Cave 93
Shrimp, Longhorn Fairy 91
Shrimp, Mona Cave 93
Shrimp, Mono Lake Brine 132
Shrimp, Pasadena Freshwater 185
Shrimp, Peninsula Fairy 91
Shrimp, Riverside Fairy 91
Shrimp, San Diego Fairy 91
Shrimp, Seed 97, 98
Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave 95
Shrimp, Stone Mountain Fairy 91
Shrimp, Syncarid 90
Shrimp, Vernal Pool Fairy 91
Shrimps, Syncarid 247
Siacella 251
siamensis, Crocodylus 58
siamensis, Oreoglanis 75
sibayi, Silhouettea 169
siberiae, Akodon 23
Sibia, Grey 159
sibirica, Phoca 140
sibiricus, Formicoxenus 100
sibiricus, Ranodon 68
Sicalis 163
sicarius, Myotis 12
sichuanensis, Dryomys 27
Sicista 23, 143, 197
sicki, Terenura 46
Sicklebill, Black 58
Sicklebill, Pale-billed 164
Sicydium 169
Sicyopterus 207
Sicyopus 87, 207
sidamoensis, Heteromirafra 48
Sideband, Keeled 121
Sideband, Rocky Coast 239
Sideband, Shasta 215
sidthimunki, Botia 74
sieboldii, Treron 151
siemiradzkii, Carduelis 56
siemsseni, Latoucheornis 162
sierrana, Tetrix 109
Siettitia 185
Sifaka, Diademed 14
Sifaka, Golden-crowned 14
Sifaka, Verreaux's 14
Sigmodon 27, 233, 242
Sigmodontomys 11
signata, Belontia 132
signata, Emydura 243
signatus. Homopus 166
signatus, Leptomys 24
signifer, Stypodon 183
sijuensis, Schistura 75
Sika, Hokkaido 227
Sika, Mantchurian 227
Sika, North China 227
Sika, North Honshu 227
Sika, Ryukyu 227
Sika, Shansi 227
Sika, South China 227
Sika, Taiwan 227
Sika, Tonkin 227
Sika, Tsushima 227
sikkimensis, Rattus 26
sikorae, Rheocles 183
sikotanensis, Clethrionomys 143
silaceus, Celaenomys 143
silenus, Macaca 15
Silhouettea 169
silindensis, Aethomys 242
Silktail 51
sillemi, Leucosticte 199
SILPHIDAE 99
Siltsnail, Crystal 115
Siltsnail, Enterprise 1 15
Siltsnail, Ichetucknee 115
Siltsnail, Ponderous 115
Siltsnail, Pygmy 115
Siltsnail, Seminole 1 15
Siltsnail, Wekiwa 115
SILURIDAE 76, 203
SILURIFORMES 75, 168, 183, 203, 243,
247
Siluris 203
Silurus 76, 203
silus, Gambelia 60
silus, Rheobatrachus 67
silvanus, Zosterops 54
silvatica, Geoemyda 64
silvatica, Murina 138
silveri, Glyptorhagada 122
Silverside, Key 168
Silverside, Waccamaw 78
Silverspot 253
Silverspot. Behren's 253
Silverspot, Blue 253
Silverspot, Callippe 253
Silverspot, Great Basin 253
Silverspot, Oregon 253
silvestrii, Strongylognathus 102
silvestris grampia, Felis 223
silvestris, Gallinula 36
silvestris, Rhinolophus 137
silvicola, Otus 153
silvicultor, Cephalophus 141
simatus, Batrachoseps 68
simensis, Canis 16
Simias 15
simile, Lucifuga 11
similis, Engaewa 96
similis, Troglohyphantes 88
simoni, Aneuretus 100
simoniana, Moitessieria 244
simonyi, Gallotia 60
Simoselaps 165
Simoxenops 45, 155
simplex, Betta 88
simplex, Branchinella 91
simplex, Cristilabrum 122
simplex, Lovenula 92
simplex, Pyrgulopsis 111
simplex, Tropodiaptomus 92
Simpsonaias 133
simpsoni, Gaurochromis 85
simpsonianus, Medionidus 1 1 1
Simpsoniconcha 255
simrothi, Arion 213
simulator, Leiostyla 111
Simulator 173
simulatus, Habromys 24
simulus, Peromyscus 144
simum cottoni, Ceratotherium 225
simum, Ceratotherium 130
simus, Cyprinodon 80
simus, Hapalemur 14
simus, Kogia 242
simus, Notropis 73
sinaiticus, Paragomphus 107
sinalis, Sorex 8
sirxaloae, Progne 198
Sinarapan 132
sinclairi, Carelia 189
sindonis. Hippocampus 81
sinensis, Acipenser 70
sinensis. Alligator 58
sinensis, Hylomys 136
sinensis, Ocadia 166
singularis, Nesopupa 216
singularis, Renea 1 1 3
singularis, Xenerpestes 155
sinica, Macaca 140
sinistrum, Beckianum 175
Sinocyclocheilus 74
Sinogastromyzon 75
Sinployea 123,189,190,214
sinuatus, Skislodiaptomus IQl
Sinumelon 122
sinuosa, Hirasea 214
sinus, Phocoena 18
sipedon insularum, Nerodia 246
SIPHLONURIDAE 99, 186, 250
Siphonaria 1 1 3
SIPHONARIIDAE 113
Siphonorhis 43, 153
sipora, Hylopetes 22
sipora, lomys 22
siporanus, Leopoldamys 24
Siptornopsis 155
siquijorensis, Ixos 48
Sirang 74
sirang, Puntius 74
SIRENIA 19, 178,225
sirintarae, Pseudochelidon 48
sirtalis tetrataenia, Thamnophis 246
Siskin, Black-capped 163
Siskin, Cape 163
Siskin, Drakensberg 163
Siskin, Red 56
Siskin, Saffron 56
Siskin, Yellow-faced 56
SISORIDAE 76
sissonii, Thryomanes 158
sisyphodemus, Eleutherodactylus 67
Sitala 215
Sitatunga 141
Sitta 53, 161
SITTIDAE 53, 161
situla, Elaphe 200
sivalikensis, Burmagomphus 107
sjoestedti, Papilio 171
Skate, Deepsea 201
SKENEIDAE 209
sketi, Alona 90
sketi, Idunella 90
Skiffia 184
Skimmer, Indian 38
348
I
Skink, Banded Supple 200
Skink, Bermuda Rock 60
Skink, Blue Mountain Water 60
Skink, Cape Verde Giant 182
Skink, Chevron 60
Skink, Dreeite Water 246
Skink, Falla's 165
Skink, Grand 60
Skink, Great Desert 60
Skink, Gronovi's Dwarf Burrowing 165
Skink, GUnther's Dwarf Burrowing61
Skink, Gyldenstolpe's Worm 200
Skink, Kasner's Dwarf Burrowing 61
Skink, Kishinoue's Giant 165
Skink, Korat Supple 200
Skink, Lancelin Island 60
Skink, Legless 200
Skink, Lomi's Blind Legless 61
Skink, Lord Howe Island 61
Skink, Macabe Forest 246
Skink, MacGregor's 60
Skink, Marbled 243
Skink, Narrow-bodied 200
Skink, Otago 61
Skink, Pedra Branca 60
Skink, Robust 60
Skink, Round Island 60
Skink, Sand 60
Skink, Scree 61
Skink, Small-scaled 61
Skink, Southern 243
Skink, Speckled 165
Skink, Striped 61
Skink, Three-toed Snake-tooth 165
Skink, Tonga Ground 182
Skink, Whitaker's 60
Skink, Woodbush Legless 60
Skipper, Dakota 102
Skipper, Eight-Spotted 208
Skipper, Manfreda Giant 252
Skipper, Pawnee Montane 252
Skipper, Rare 252
Skipper, Salt Marsh 252
Skipper, Spinose 252
Skipper, Tessellated 252
Skipper, Wandering 170, 252
Skistodiaptomus 92, 207
Skulpin 77
Skunk, Big Thicket Hog-nosed 224
sladeniae, Apus 198
Sleeper, Broadhead 169
Sleeper, Duckbill 169
Sleeper, Golden 169
sleighti, Belocephalus 109
slevini, Peromyscus 26
Slider, Big Bend 64
Slider, Carvalho's 64
Slider, Central Antillean 166
Slider, Colombian 246
Slider, Common 166
Slider, Hispaniolan 64
Slider, Jamaican 64
Slitshell, Excised 117
Slitshell, Pagoda 1 17
Slitshell, Pyramid 118
Slitshell, Ribbed 117
Slitshell, Round 118
Slitshell, Striate 117
sloanii, Orconectes
94
sloatianus, Elliptoideus 110
sloatianus, Nephronaias 255
sloggetli, Otomys 144
Sloth, Maned 5
slovenica, Belgrandiella 1 1 5
slovenica, Nitocrella 96
slovenicus, Proasellus 97
Slug, Santa Barbara Shelled 21 3
smaragditis, Tinostoma 186
smargadina. Helicostyla 121
Smelt 204
Smelt, Delta 76
Smelt. Pygmy 204
Smerina 253
Smi
sm.
sm.
sm.
sm,
sm,
sm,
sm,
sm,
sm,
sm,
sm,
sm,
sm.
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
239
Snail
Snail
Snail,
Snail,
Snail,
Snail,
Snail,
Snail,
Snail.
Snail,
Snail,
Snail,
Snail,
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
215
Snail
Snail
Snail
Snail
238
nlhopsis 3,4, 193.219
rnovi, Alona 90
thi, Eualhlus 169
thi, Kerivoula 138
thi, Nemacheilus 74
'thi, Neoplanorbis 1 1 3
thi, Siacella 251
thi, Thermosphaeroma 97
thi, Trochidrobia 117
thiana, Bridouxiana 119
thii, Myospalax 144
'thii, Geophaps 151
thii, Stygobromus 90
''nii, Terpsiphone 53
Anchialine Pool 209
Anthony's River 188
Archer's Toothed Land 215
Badwater 114
Baker Desert 239
Bicolor Cactus 125
Boulder 118
Boulder Pile Mountain 126
Carinated Striate Banded Mountain
Catalina Mountain 126
Cathedral Desert 239
Chittenango Ovate Amber217
Clench's Middle-toothed Landl75
Coahuilix de Hubbs 1 15
Dented Peninsula 239
Durangonella de Coahuila 1 16
Rat-spired Three-toothed215
Hax 126
Franklin Mountain Talus 174
Franklin Mountain Woodland 175
Gillies' Land 216
Granulated Tasmanian 123
Hochstetter's Land 216
Idaho Banded Mountain 239
Indian Yosemite 239
Iowa Pleistocene 214
Jackson Lake 256
Jones' Middle-toothed Land215
Kanab Amber 128
Kauri 175
Lava Rock Mountain 126
Magazine Mountam Middle-toothed
McCoy Desert 239
Mexipyrgus de Churince238
Mcxipyrgus de Carranza238
Mexipyrgus de East El Mojarral
Snai
Snai
Snai
238
Snai
Snai
Snai
Snai
Snai
Snai
Snai
Snai:
Snai:
Snai:
215
Snai
Snai
Sna
Sna
Snai
Sna:
Sna:
Sna:
Sna:
Sna:
Sna:
Sna:
Sna:
Sna:
Snai
Snai
Snai
Snai
Sna
Snai
Sna
Sna
Snai
Snai
Snai
Mexipyrgus de Escobeda238
Mexipyrgus de Lugo 238
Mexipyrgus de West El Mojarral
Mexithauma de Cienegas256
Miller's 115
Morongo Desert 174
New Mexico Hotspring 21 1
Nicklin's Peninsula 239
Noonday 239
Nymphophilus de Minckley256
Painted Snake-coiled Forest214
Paludiscala de Oro 1 16
Pilsbry's Narrow-apertured Land
Plain Cactus 125
Prickly Pear Island 125
Pupuharakeke or Flax 121
Rock 174
Ross' Land 216
San Clemente Island215
San Nicolas Island 125
Santa Barbara Island 125
Sax Xavier Talus 174
Sculpin 116
Snake River Physa 210
Socorro 256
Spiny River 118
Stock Island Tree 215
Strange Many-whorled Land 175
Thousand Palms Desert 125
Travers' Land 216
Trinity Bristle 121
Virginia Fringed Mountain215
Western Three-toothed Land215
White Desrt 125
Whorled Mountain 126
Woodformed Land 216
Wreathed Cactus 125
-eater, Iwasaki's 200
Snake, Amami Takachiho 61
Snake, Atlantic Saltmarsh 246
Snake, Black-striped 165
Snake, Broad-headed 62
Snake, Christmas Island Blind 62
Snake, Concho Water 246
Snake, Dunmall's 62
Snake, Eastern Indigo 246
Snake, Fiji 62
Snake, Fisk's House 61
Snake, Giant Garter 61
Snake, Indian Egg-eating 200
Snake, Kikuzato's Brook61
Snake, Krefft's Tiger 234
Snake. Lake Cronin 62
Snake, Lake Erie Water 246
Snake, Large-headed Water 61
Snake, Leonard's Pipe 200
Snake, Leopard 200
Snake, Mona Blind 62
Snake, Ornamental 62
Snake, Pfeffer's Reed 200
Snake, Sakashima Green 165
Snake, San Francisco Garter 246
Snake, Sardinian Grass 234
Snake, Short-nosed 165
Snake, Striped Harlequin 165
Snake, Swazi Rock 165
Snake, Transvaal Quillsnout200
349
Snake, Two-striped Garter 200
Snake, Yellow-bellied House 165
Snake-eagle, Southern Banded 148
Snake-lizard, Bronzeback60
Snapper, Cubera 84
Snapper, Mutton 84
snelli, Thapsia 124
snelsoni, Lythrurus 72
Snipe, Chatham Islands 37
Snipe, Fuegian 150
Snipe, Great 150
Snipe, Imperial 150
Snipe, Latham's 150
Snipe, New Zealand 150
Snipe, Wood 37
snowi, Myrmolherula 46
Snuffbox'255
snyderae, Tilapia 86
snyderi, Catostomus 168
sociabilis, Ctenomys 145
socialis, Pluvianellus 150
societatis, Pipistrellus 194
socotrana, Emberiza 55
socotrensis, Ceratophallus 113
sodalis, Myotis 12
sodyi, Kadarsanomys 143
soemmerringii, Gazella 21
soemmerringii, Syrmaticus 149
Softshell, Burmese Peacock 66
Softshell, Cantor's Giant 66
Softshell, Cuatro Cienegas65
Softtail, Orinoco 45
Softtail, Russet-mantled 155
Softtail, Striated 45
sokokensis, Anthus 48
sola, Pyrgulopsis 211
solandri, Pterodroma 30
solangiae, Sitta 53
Solaris, Diree 252
Solatopupa 174,245
solatus, Cercopithecus 15
Solegnathus 82
Solenodon, Cuban 5
Solenodon, Haitian 5
Solenodon 5, 177
SOLENODONTIDAE 5, 177
solenopsidis, Solenopsis 101
Solenopsis 101
solidus, Lanistes 1 14
Soliperla 254
Solisorex 1
Solitaire, Cuban 159
Solitaire, Reunion 180
Solitaire, Rodrigues 180
Solitaire, Rufous-brown 158
solitaria, Argiocnemis 106
solitaria, Origma 159
solitaria, Pezophaps 180
solitaria, Samoana 127
solitarius, Atelognathus 66
solitarius, Buteo 148
solitarius, Harpyhaliaetus 148
solitarius, Raphus 180
solitarius, Relictus 74
solitarius, Tinamus 146
solitudum, Cristilabrum 122
solomonensis, Nesasio 42
solomonis, Chaerephon 139
Solomys 27, 145
soluta, Wrayanna 210
Somateria 32
Somatochlora 106, 171
Somatogyrus 211,212
Somersiella 95
somuncurensis, Somuncuria 67
Somuncuria 67
sondaicus annamiticus. Rhinoceros 225
sondaicus sondaicus, Rhinoceros 225
sondaicus, Rhinoceros 19
sonneratii. Callus 149
Sonorella 174
Sonorense, Charalito 72
sonoriense, Kinostemon 64
SOOGLOSSIDAE 68
Sooglossus 68
Sooty-owl, Lesser 152
sordida, Eumyias 158
sordidus, Rattus 145
sorenseni, Hipposideros 136
sorex, Monodelphis 3
5orejr 7, 8, 136, 193
sorghophilus, Acrocephalus 49
SORICIDAE 6, 136, 193, 241
soricipes, Uropsilus 8
Soriculus 8
ioror, Odynerus 251
iorar, fi'rfa 157
sororcula, Penescosta 123
sororcula, Tyto 198
Sosippus 88
Sotalia 196
soulaiana, Ampelita 1 20
souliei, Actinodura 158
soumagnei, Tyto 42
Sousa 196
Souslik, Spotted 22
sowerbyana, Achatinella 120
ip. /, Coregonus 247
i/7. 7, Elseya 62
ip. /, Gasterosteus 247
i'p. 7, Glossogobius 247
^p. /, Mogumda 247
ip. /, Neosilurus 247
jp. /O, Glossogobius 247
jp. 2, Coregonus 247
ip. 2, fteya 200
5p. 2, Gasterosteus lAl
sp. 2, Glossogobius 247
ip. 2, Mogumda 247
ip. 2, Neosilurus 247
ip. J, Elseya 200
jp. J, Glossogobius 247
jp. i, Mogumda lAl
sp. 3, Neosilurus 247
ip. 4, Glossogobius 247
ip. 4, Mogurnda 247
ip. 5, Glossogobius 247
ip. 5, Mogumda 247
ip. 6, Glossogobius 247
jp. 6, Mogumda 247
jp. 7, Glossogobius 247
ip. S, Glossogobius 247
ip. 9, Glossogobius 247
ip., Acanthanura 250
ip., Anaspides 247
ip., Antechinus 193
ip., Capromys 178
,rp., Catostomus 246
ip., Ciconia 179
ip., Cyprinella 246
ip., Cyprinodon 183
jp., Deinacrida 254
jp., Elassoma 247
ip., Etheostoma 247
ip., fa/co 179
5p., Foudia 182
jp., Geocapromys 178
jp., Hemiandrus 254
jp., Hypsipetes 181
ip., Ictalurus 247
ip., Moxostoma 246
ip., Nesophontes 177
ip., Nothobranchius 79
ip., Nycticorax 179
jp., Oeobia 186
ip., Oncorhynchus I'il
sp., Pristoceuthophilus 254
ip., Pseudobagrus 247
jp., Pseudogobiopsis 247
5p., Ptchochromoides 86
5p., Pterodroma 179
ip., Pungitius 247
ip., Sauzieri 181
,tp., Scortum 247
jp., Styloniscus 247
,sp., Tandanus 247
ip., Typhliasiruj 247
sp., Vireo 56
jp./, Womersleymeria 250
jp.2, Womersleymeria 250
Spadebill, Russet-winged 47
spadiceus, Dyacopterus 136
spadix, Cephalophus 21
spadix, Dendrolagus 193
spalacinus, Tachyoryctes 145
Spa/ijjc 27
spaldingi, Achatinella 188
spaldingi, Lyropupa 216
spaldingi, Ougapia 216
spana, Epargyreus 252
spangleri, Hydroporus 248
Spanglerogyrus 249
Spaniacris 133
SPARIDAE 84, 132
spama, Lyropupa 216
Sparrow, Cinnamon-tailed 162
Sparrow, Cuban 55
Sparrow, Henslow's 162
Sparrow, Java 57
Sparrow, Oaxaca 162
Sparrow, Sierra Madre 55
Sparrow, Timor 163
Sparrow, Worthen's 55
Sparrowhawk, Imitator 33
Sparrowhawk, Madagascar 148
Sparrowhawk, New Britain 32
Sparrowhawk, Nicobar 147
Sparrowhawk, Slaty-mantled 148
Sparrowhawk, Small 148
sparsa, Quadrula 112
spartacus, Dasyurus 3
350
spartiaticus, Tropidophoxinellus 203
Spartonoica 155
spathula, Polyodon 70
spatulatus, Clinus 87
spatulatus, Oncholelson 97
Spatuletail, Marvellous 43
spechli, Melomys 25
speciosa bohartorum, Philotiella 252
speciosa, Gambusia 205
speciosa, Geothlypis 56
speciosa, Pila 114
speciosa, Stachyris 52
speciosus, Cambarus 93
speciosus, Pteropus 9
spectabilis, Liomys 142
spectabilis, Reithrodontomys 27
spectaculum, Cristilabrum 173
spectrum, Osmerus 204
spectrum, Tarsius 194
spectrum, Vampyrum 137
specularis. Anas 147
speculigera, Conothraupis 162
Speirops, Fernando Po 53
Speirops, Mount Cameroon 53
Speirops, Principe 53
Speirops 53
spekei, Gazella 21
spekeoides, Ploceus 164
SpeJtia 119
spekii, Harpagochromis 184
spekii, Tragelaphus 141
spelaea, Amblyopsis 77
spelaea, Cryptazeca 123
Spelaeodiaptomus 207
Spelaeodiscus 128
Spelaeoecia 96
Spelaeomys 178
spelaeonis, Neophaedusa 214
Spelaeomis 52, 160
spelaeotes, Lucifuga 11
spelaeus, Platymantis 67
spelaeus, Speleoperipatus 109
spelaeus, Typhlotriton 201
Spelaseorchestia 90
Speleoithona 92
SPELEOITHONIDAE 92
Speleomantes 68, 167
Speleoperipatus 109
Speleophria 97
speleops, Puntius 74
spelunca, Physella 1 1 3
speluncola, Bermudamysis 97
Spelungula 201
spenceri, Bothriembryon 121
spenceri, Litoria 66
spenceri, Opisthotropis 200
Speocirolana 97
Speoplatyrhinus 11
Speothos 16
Spermophilus 22, 142, 197, 231
Speyeria 253
Speyeria 253
SPHAERIDAE 173
Sphaerodactylus 59
Sphaeroderus 248
Sphaerolana 97
SPHAEROMATIDAE 97, 185, 237, 244
Sphaerophysa 75
Sphaerospira 174
sphagnicolus, Niphargus 90
Sphalloplana 256
Spharagemon 108
SPHECIDAE 170,251
Sphecotheres 199
SPHENISCIDAE 29, 146
SPHENISCIFORMES 29, 146
Spheniscus 29, 146
Sphenocichla 160
Sphenodon 58, 243
SPHENODONTIDAE 58, 243
Spheterista 254
Sphig gurus 28, 178
SPHINGIDAE 105, 186, 208, 254
sphinx, Mandrillus 140
sphyurus, Underwoodisaurus 165
spicatus, Cambarus 93
spicilegus, Mus 144
spiculosa, Ceratella 250
Spider, Dolloff Cave 88
Spider, Glacier Bay Wolf 88
Spider, Great Raft 88
Spider, Kauai Cave Wolf 88
Spider, Key Gnaphosid 207
Spider, Kocevje Subterranean 88
Spider, Lake Placid Funnel Wolf 88
Spider, Nelson Cave 207
Spider, Rosemary Wolf 207
Spider, Tooth Cave 207
Spider, Torreya Trap-door 207
Spiderhunter, Naked-faced 161
Spike, Cape Fear 255
Spike, False 112
Spike, Flat 255
Spike, Waccamaw 255
Spike, Winged 110
Spikedace 72
spilocephalus stresemanni, Otus 246
Spilocuscus 4, 193, 241
spilonotus, Laterallus 149
spiloptera, Porzana 36
spiloptera, Saroglossa 164
spiloptera, Zoothera 161
spilopterus, Centropus 152
Spilomis 148, 198
spilota imbricata, Morelia 234
spilota, Mogumda 87
spilota, Tasmanoplegas 255
spilotogena, Betta 88
spina, Damochlora 122
spinachoides, Microphis 205
spinalatus, Rousettus 10
spinata, Rhyacophila 255
spinatus, Stygobromus 90
Spindasis 252
Spinedace, Little Colorado 72
Spinedace, Pahranagat 183
Spinedace, Virgin 246
Spinedace, White River 72
Spinetail, Apurimac 45
Spinetail, Blackish-headed 45
Spinetail, Chestnut-throated 155
Spinetail, Coiba 155
Spinetail, Great 155
Spinetail, Hoary-throated 45
Spinetail, Plain 45
Spinetail, Red-shouldered 45
Spinetail, Russet-bellied 45
Spinetail, Rusty-headed 155
spinicaudatus, Engaeus 96
spinifer, Austrosaga 109
spinifera, Acanthinula 217
spinifera, Paralucia 103
spinipennis, Hadramphus 248
spinipes, Troglohyphantes 88
spinipinnis, Phocoena 196
spinosa, Elliptio 110
spinosa, Eoleptestheria 92
spinosa, Heosemys 64
spinosissima, Monolistra 97
spinosissimus. Hippocampus 81
spinosissimus, Solegnathus 82
spinosus, Chalepoxenus 100
spinosus, Pseudocordylus 165
Spinymussel, Altamaha 1 10
Spinymussel, James River 111
Spinymussel, Tar River 1 10
spiralis, Pseudonovibos 22
spirizona, Amastra 121
Spirorbula 125, 174
spirulina, Disculella 124
ipuc»', Acanthochelys 165
spixii, Cyanopsitia 40
5/)iza 182
Spizaetus 33, 148
Spizastur 148
Spizella 55
Spizocorys 48, 157
splendens, Ameca 1 84
splendens, Aphanius 79
splendens, Buprestis 98
splendens, Cynolebias 79
splerutens, Macromia 106
splendens, Prosopeia 152
splendens, Suavocallia 119
splendida, Lampsilis 172
splendida, Neophema 41
splendida, Partulina 121
splendidus, Sanopus 78
Splittail, Clear Lake 183
Splittail, Sacramento 73
spodiurus, Oryzomys 197
spodiurus, Pachyramphus 156
spoeckeri, Niphargus 90
Spongillafly, Cooke's 254
Spongillafly, Haleakala254
Spongillafly, Lobe-wing 254
Spongillafly, Swezey's 254
Spongillafly, Usinger's254
spongotroktis, Tilapia 86
Spoonbill, Black-faced 31
sporadica, Orangia 123
Sporophila 55, 163
Spratellicypris 74
spratli, Trochoidea 256
Springbok 130
Springfish, Railroad Valley 79
Springfish, White River 79
Springsnail, Alamosa 212
Springsnail, Brown 21 1
Springsnail, Bruneau Hot 211
Springsnail, Bylas 256
Springsnail, Chupadera211
351
Springsnail, Crystal Spring 211
Springsnail, Davis County 21 1
Springsnail, Diamond Y212
Springsnail, DIstai-giand211
Springsnail, Elongate-gland211
Springsnail, Fairbanks 21 1
Springsnail, Fossil 21 1
Springsnail, Gila 211
Springsnail, Grand Wash 21 1
Springsnail, Huachuca 21 1
Springsnail, Idaho 21 1
Springsnail. Jackson Lake 21 1
Springsnail, Kingman 21 1
Springsnail, Median-gland Nevada211
Springsnail, Montezuma Well 21 1
Springsnail, Oasis Valley 21 1
Springsnail, Pecos 211
Springsnail, Presidio County 211
Springsnail, Roswell 21 1
Springsnail, San Bernadino211
Springsnail, Three Forks 21 1
Springsnail, Verde Rim 21 1
Sprite, Shoal 113
Springsnail, Page 21 1
spurca, Pseudocampylaea 190
squalida, Spirorbula 174
SQUALIDAE 69
SQUALIFORMES 69
squamata, Poblana 78
squamalus. Capita 154
squamatus, Mergus 32
sqimmicaudata, Wyulda 135
squamigenus, Chlamydogobius 87
squamiger, Neomorphus 152
squamigera, Brachypteracias 44
squamosa, Tridacna 133
squamulosa, Baccalena 173
Squawfish, Colorado 73
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
231
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Golden
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirre
Squirrel
Squirrel
Squirrel
Squirrel
Squirrel
Squirrel
Ground
Squirrel
Squirrel
230
, African Pygmy 22
, Big Cypress Fox 230
, Big Horn Thirteen-lined Ground
, Carolina Flying 230
, Carruther's Mountain22
, Dangs Giant 245
, Delmarva Fox 231
, Eastern Fox 231
, European 22
, Flightless Scaly-tailed 145
, Green River Basin
mantled Ground 231
, Guerrero Hying 245
, Idaho Ground 22
, Kodiak Ground 231
, Maharashtra Giant245
, Mexican Flying 245
, Mohave Ground 22
, Mount Graham Red 231
, Mountain 142
, Nelson's Antelope 22
, Nevada Ground 231
. Norhern Idaho Ground 231
, Oaxaca Flying 245
, Palm Springs Round-tailed
231
, Persian 142
, Prince of Wales Island Flying
Squirrel, Red 142
Squirrel, Russian Flying 142
Squirrel, San Bernardino Flying 230
Squirrel, Sherman's Fox 23 1
Squirrel, Shumagin Ground 231
Squirrel, Southern Idaho Ground231
Squirrel, St. Lawrence Island Ground 23 1
Squirrel, Townsend's Ground 197
Squirrel, Virginia Flying 230
Squirrel, Washington Ground 22
Srilankamys 145
stabilei, Retinella 217
Stachyris 52, 160
stacyi, Zelotypia 252
Stagnicola 1 1 3
Stagonopleura 163
stairi, Callicolumba 151
stalkeri, Myotis 12
Stallingsia 252
stamineus, Awaous 206
stanauli, Noturus 75
Standardwing 164
standingi, Phelsuma 59
Stanleya 119
slannardi, Orconecles 94
stannarius, Aethomys 143
stapes, Quadrula 1 1 2
starki, Atabamaubria 249
starki, Taeniopteryx 254
Starling, Abbott's 57
Starling, Bali 57
Starling, Black-winged 164
Starling, Chestnut-cheeked 164
Starling, Kosrae Mountain 182
Starling, Mysterious 182
Starling, Pohnpei Mountains?
Starling, Rarotonga 57
Starling, Red-billed 164
Starling, Rennell 164
Starling. Reunion 182
Starling, Rodrigues 182
Starling, Rusty-winged 164
Starling, Santo Mountain 57
Starling, Socotra 57
Starling, Spot-winged 164
Starling, Tanimbar 164
Starling, Tasman 182
Starling. White-eyed 57
Starling, White-faced 164
Starling, White-headed 164
Starling, Yellow-eyed 164
starmuehlneri, Afrogyrus 1 1 3
Stamoenas 39
starostini, Troglocobitis 203
Staurotypus 166
Steamerduck, Chubut 147
Steatomys 27, 145
stebbinsi, Batrachoseps 68
Steenbras, White 132
steerii, Centropus 42
steer a, Eurylaimus 45
steerii, Pitta 47
steerii, Sundasciurus 142
stegaria, Cyprogenia 110
Stegastes 86
steigmani, Procambarus 95
steinbachi, Asthenes 45
sleinbachi, Parides 208
steinbachi, Sarotherodon 86
steindachneri, Barbus 71
steindachneri, Cichlasoma 85
steindachneri, Palea 166
steindachneri, Picumnus 155
steinstansana, Elliptio 1 1 0
stejnegeri malonei, Trachemys 246
stejnegeri, Hynobius 201
stejnegeri, Mesoplodon 196
stejnegeri, Trachemys 166
stejnegeri, Viridonia 56
stellata, Brachypteryx 158
stellatus , Acipenser 235
steliatus, Acipenser 70
stelleri, Polysticta 32
stellmacki, Stygobromus 90
Stenasellid, Parzefall's97
Stenasellid, Wilken's97
STENASELLIDAE 97
Stenella 129, 196
Stenelmis 99, 249
Steno 196
Stenobothrodes 108
stenocephala, Crocidura 1
Stenocephaiemys 145
Stenoderma 1 1
Stenodus 204, 236
Stenomys 27
STENO'PELMATIDAE 108, 133, 209,
254
Stenopelmatus 109, 133
STENOPSYCHIDAE 255
Stenopsychodes 255
stenopus, Niphargus 90
stenotis, Hipposideros 137
Stenotrema 215, 239
Stenotrupis 248
stephani, Heterelmis 249
stephani, Peromyscus 26
stephanidisi, Cobitis 203
stephenensis, Anagotus 248
stepheni, Poecilmitis 103
stepheni, Thestor 104
stepheni, Vini 42
stephensi, Dipodomys 131
stephensi, Hoplodactylus 59
Stereolepis 82
Sterkia 175
Sterlet 70, 235
Sterna 38, 150
stemalis, Engaeus 96
Stemotherus 64
sterreri, Platyops 97
sterreri, Somersiella 95
sterrhopteron, Welmorethraupis 55
stewardsoni, Dysnomia 187
stewardsonii, Epioblasma 1 1 1
stewartii, Achatinella 120
sthenele sthenele, Cercyonis 253
sthennyo, Erebia 253
Stick-insect, Lord Howe Island 187
Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine247
Stickleback, Enos 247
Stickleback, Giant 247
Stickleback, Santa Ana 247
stictolophus, Lophomis 153
Stictonetta 32
352
stictoptera, Touit 41
stictothorax, Dysithamnus 155
stierlingi, Dendropicos 154
stilbocarpae, Hadramphus 248
Stilt, Black 37
stimpsoni, Sicydium 169
Stingray, Giant Freshwater 70
Stiobia 116
stiparum, Helicella 126
Stiphodon 87
Stipiturus 132
Stirrupshell 112
Stitchbird 54
stiversiana miwoka, Helminthoglypta
239
stiversiana williamsi, Helminthoglypta
239
stizodon, Sorex 8
Stizostedion 206
stochi, Nitocrella 96
stocki, Argonemertes 217
stoddartii, Quintalia 190
stokesii aethiops, Egernia 234
stokesii badia, Egernia 234
stokoei, Colophon 99
stolli, Adelopoma 114
Stomatepia 86
Stonefly, Cheaha 254
Stonefly, Fender's 254
Stonefly, Georgia 254
Stonefly, Hanson's Appalachian254
Stonefly, Lake Tahoe Benthic 254
Stonefly, Leon River 254
Stonefly, Meltwater 254
Stonefly, Mount Donna Buang Wingless
109
Stonefly, Mount Kosciusko Wingless 109
Stonefly, Otway 209
Stonefly, Robert's 187
Stonefly, Schoolhouse Springs 254
Stonefly, Wahkeena Falls Flightless254
Stonemyia 185
storeri, Cypseloides 198
Stork, Milky 31
Stork, Oriental 31
Stork, Painted 147
Stork, Storm's 31
Storm-petrel, Ashy 146
Storm-petrel, Guadalupe 30
Storm-petrel, Markham's 198
Storm-petrel, Matsudaira's 198
Storm-petrel, Ringed 197
Storm-petrel, Swinhoe's 146
Storm-petrel, Tristram's 146
Storm-petrel, Wedge-rumped 146
Storm-petrel, White-vented 197
stormi, Ciconia 31
stormi, Plethodon 68
Stormsia 119
straeleni, Bathanalia 1 19
straminea claibomensis, Lampsilis 238
straminea straminea, Lampsilis 238
straminea, Palaua 215
strauchi, Neurergus 201
strawni, Fallicambarus 94
strebeliana, Leptinaria 175
Streber 84
streber, Zingel 84
streckeri illinoensis, Pseudacris 246
streckeri, Lampsilis 1 1 1
streeli, Talpa 8
strengi, Somatogyrus 212
strenua, Ninox 42
strenuus, Zosterops 181
strepsiceros, Tragelaphus 131
STREPTAXIDAE 128, 175, 191,216,
239, 245
STREPTOCEPHALIDAE 91, 207
Streptocephalus 91, 207
Streptocitta 164
Streptopelia 151
Streptostyla 215
stresemanni, Graphium 105
stresemanni, Merulaxis 46
stresemanni, Zaratornis 47
stresemanni, Zavattariornis 58
striata, Coxiella 256
striata, Paratherina 78
striata, Stachyris 52
striata, Vitrea 217
striatapila, Omphalotropis 210
striaticostus, Gonospira 128
striatitala, Helicella 174
striatula, Japonia 210
striatula, Lyropupa 216
striatulum, Etheostoma 83
striatum, Oligosoma 61
striatus fosteri, Epicrates 246
striatus, Chaetornis 50
striatus, Epinephelus 83
striatus, Simoxenops 45
stricklandii. Callinago 150
strigata kororensis, Palaina 256
strigata, Palaina 211
STRIGIDAE 42, 152, 181, 198, 245
strigidorsa, Mustela 17
STRIGIFORMES 42, 152, 181, 198, 245
strigirostris, Didunculus 38
Strigocuscus 193
Strigops 181
slrigosa goniogyra, Oreohelix 239
strigosa, Elimia 117
strigosus, Cambarus 93
striolata, Palaina 211
Striped-babbler, Luzon 52
Striped-babbler, Negros52
Striped-babbler, Palawan 52
Striped-babbler, Panay 52
5m.i 42, 153
strobila, Pachysaga 109
strodeanum, Pleuroberrm 112
stromatolicola, Leptocaris 96
STROMBIDAE 212
Strongylognathus 102
Strophitus 172
strophium, Odontophorus 35
STROPHOCHEILIDAE 128
strumicae, Cobitis 203
Strumigenys 102
STRUTHIONIFORMES 179
strutti, Thestor 104
Strymon 252
Strymon 103
Stubtail, Timor 161
stuhlmanni, Lanistes 1 14
stuhlmanni, Tropodiaptomus 92
stumperi, Epimyrma 100
Stupidogobius 87
Sturanyella 209
sturdeei, PipLslrellus 13
Sturgeon, Adriatic 70
Sturgeon, Alabama 70
Sturgeon, Amur 70
Sturgeon, Atlantic 167, 235
Sturgeon, Baikal 235
Sturgeon, Chinese 70
Sturgeon, Common 70
Sturgeon, Green 70
Sturgeon, Gulf 235
Sturgeon, Lake 70
Sturgeon, Large Amu-Dar Shovelnose70
Sturgeon, Lena River 235
Sturgeon, Pallid 70
Sturgeon, Persian 70, 235
Sturgeon, Russian 70, 235
Sturgeon, Sakhalin 70
Sturgeon, Ship 70, 235
Sturgeon, Shortnose 70
Sturgeon, Shovelnose 70
Sturgeon, Siberian 70, 235
Sturgeon, Small Amu-Dar Shovelnose70
Sturgeon, Stellate 70, 235
Sturgeon, Syr-Dar Shovelnose 70
Sturgeon, White 167, 236
Sturgeon, Yangtze 70
sturio, Acipenser 70
Sturnella 56
STURNIDAE 57, 164, 182
Stumira 11, 137
Sturnus 164
stygia, Lxinchura 163
Stygichthys 203
Stygicola 77
Stygionympha 253
stygius dentatus, Androniscus 237
stygius stygius, Niphargus 237
Stygobromus 89, 90, 185
Stygodiaptomus 92
Styloctenium 136
stylodon, Erepta 125
Stylogomphus 238
STYLOMMATOPHORA 120, 133, 173,
188,213,238,244,256
STYLONISCIDAE 247
Styloniscus 247
Stylurus 107
stymphalicus, Pseudophoxinus 168
Stypodon 183
styriaca, Belgrandiella 115
Styx 252
Suavocallia 119
subalaris, Macroagelaius 163
subangulata, Lampsilis 255
subarcuata, Bofilliella 123
subaspera, Rana 68
subbadius, Rhinolophus 194
subcalliferus, Caseolus 124
subcavemula, Libera 189
subcentralis, Nesopupa 216
subcrislatus, Conotophus 59
subcylindrica, Cryptazeca 123
subcylindrica, Lamellidea 213
353
subdetecta, Harmogenanina 190
subequalum, Thermosphaeroma 244
subflavus, Epicrates 61
subgulturosa marica, Gazella 228
subgulturosa, Gazella 141
subhyalina addha, Gulella 240
sublaevis, Canthocamptus 96
sublaevis, Harpagoxenus 100
sublevala, Semotrachia 174
sublineata, Notopala 120
submaritima, Omphalotropis 210
submissus, Helicarion 256
subnecata, Draparnaudia 124
subniger, Pteropus 177
Suboestophora 126. 175
subpersonatus, Ploceus 57
subplana, Lexingtonia 1 1 1
subplicala, Idiomela 125
subplicatus, Chilonopsis 192
subrostrata, Amastra 189
subrotunda, Fusconaia 172
subrotunda, Obovaria 172
subrubra, Ficedula 50
subruficollis, Aceros 44
subrufus, Rhinolophus 1 1
subsimilis, Epigomphus 107
subsoror, Amastra 1 89
subspinosus, Chaetomys 28
subtecta, Petasina 215
subtentum, Ptychobranchus 172
sublerranea, Lucifuga 11
subterraneus, Cambarus 93
subterraneus, Typhlichthys 11
subtila, Westraltrachia ill
subtilis, Mautodontha 189
subtilis, Picumnus 155
subtilis, Sicista 143
subtilis, Sphalloplana 256
subtilis, Stygobromus 90
subtruncatus, Chilonopsis 192
subulata, Urosphena 161
Subulina 1\1
SUBULINIDAE 128, 175, 191, 217, 240
Subuliniscus 128
subvexus. Strophitus 172
subviridis, Lasmigona 111
Succinea 128, 175,217
SUCCINEIDAE 128,175,217
succinoides, Bulinus 113
™cc«M, Fusconaia 172
Sucker, Blackfin 243
Sucker, Blue 168
Sucker, Goose Lake 246
Sucker, Harelip 183
Sucker, Jasper Longnose 246
Sucker, Jenny Creek 246
Sucker, June 246
Sucker, Klamath largescale 168
Sucker, Lost River 75
Sucker, Modoc 75
Sucker, Razorback 75
Sucker, Rustyside 168
Sucker, Salish 246
Sucker, Santa Ana 75
Sucker, Shortnose 75
Sucker, Snake River 183
Sucker, Warner 75
Sucker, White River 246
Sucker, Yaqui 75
Sucker, Zuni Bluehead 246
Suckermouth, Incomati 76
Suckermouth, Lowveld 243
sudetica, Erebia 253
Sudisorex 8
suenoae, Mandarina 214
suevica, Vallonia 111
Sugarspoon 187
SUIDAE 20, 141, 178, 226
sukatschewi, Garrulax 50
sula, Coracina 242
sulcata, Geochelone 65
sulcata, Nesosydne 251
sulcata, Newcombia 121
sulcatus, Gonidomus 128
sulcidens, Carterodon 145
sulewattan, Parantica 104
sulfusus, Nysius 251
SULIDAE 30, 146
sulphuraria, Poecilia 80
sulphurata, Emberiza 55
sulphurea, Cacatua 40
sulphurius, Hydroporus 248
sumatraensis maritimus, Capricornis
228
sumatraensis milneedwardsii,
Capricornis 228
sumatraensis rubidus, Capricornis 228
sumatraensis sumatraensis,
Capricornis 228
sumatraensis thar, Capricornis 228
sumatraensis, Capricornis 21
sumatrana, Ardea \A1
sumatrana, Chimarrogale 6
sumatrana, Lutra 17
sumatranus, Dicrurus 164
sumatrensis harrissoni, Dicerorhinus
225
sumatrensis lasiotis. Dicerorhinus 225
sumatrensis sumatrensis, Dicerorhinus
225
sumatrensis, Dicerorhinus 19
sumbae, Hipposideros 137
sumichrasti, Aimophila 162
sumichrasti, Bassariscus 140
sumichrasti, Hylorchilus 49
sumnerensis, Cygnus 179
Sunangel, Bogota 43
Sunangel, Royal 43
Sunbeam, Purple-backed 43
Sunbird, A.mani 53
Sunbird, Apo 161
Sunbird, Apricot-breasted 242
Sunbird, Banded 53
Sunbird. Elegant 53
Sunbird, Giant 53
Sunbird, Loveridge's 161
Sunbird. Moreau's 161
Sunbird. Neergaard's 161
Sunbird, Pemba 161
Sunbird, Plain-backed 161
Sunbird, Prigogine's Double-collared242
Sunbird, Rockefeller's 53
Sunbird, Rufous-winged 53
Sunbird, Ursula's 161
suncoides, Ruwenzorisorex 1
Suncus 8, 193
Sundamys 11
Sundasciurus 22, 142
Sundoreonectes 75
Sunfish, Bluebarred Pygmy 83
Sunfish, Carolina Pygmy 169
Sunfish, Spring Pygmy 247
Suni 131
superba. Pitta 47
superbum, Spharagemon 108
superbus, Chalinolobus 12
supercitiaris, Polysticlus 156
superciliaris, Xiphirhynchus 161
superciliosa, Ophrysia 35
superficialis, Ataenius 250
superflua, Rhipidura 160
supramontes, Speleomantes 167
surda, Touit 41
sureyanus, Aphanius 79
Surprise, Schneider's 105
surrrufus, Stiphodon 87
Sus 20, 141, 178,226
susiana, Crocidura 1
suslicus, Spermophilus 11
suspectum, Heloderma 59
suteri, Omphalotropis 210
suteri, Peripatoides 109
sutilosa, Cupedora 173
suttkusi, Scaphirhynchus 70
suturalis strigosa, Partula 239
suturalis vexillum, Partula 239
suturalis, Omphalotropis 210
suturalis, Partula 239
svallize, Leuciscus 11
svetovidovi, Salvethymus 11
swainson, Euploea 171
swainsoni, Onychorhynchus 47
swainsonii insulanus, Antechinus 219
swainsonii, Polytelis 41
swalesi, Turdus 53
Swallow, Bahama 157
Swallow. Blue 48
Swallow. Golden 157
Swallow, Red Sea 48
Swallow, White-tailed 48
Swallowtail, African Giant 208
Swallowtail, Chinese Three-tailed 244
Swallowtail, Corsican 105
Swallowtail, Cream-banded 105
Swallowtail, Fluminense 105
Swallowtail, Hahnel's Amazonian 208
Swallowtail, Harris' Mimic 253
Swallowtail, Homerus 105
Swallowtail, Jordan's 105
Swallowtail, Kilimanjaro 171
Swallowtail, Ludlow's Bhutan 105
Swallowtail, Madagascan Emperor208
Swallowtail, Mansfield's Three-tailed208
Swallowtail, Poey's Black 208
Swallowtail, Scarce Haitian 208
Swallowtail, Schaus' 253
Swallowtail, Yellow Kite 105
Swallowtail, Zetides 105
Swamp-warbler, Grauer's 50
Swamphen, Lord Howe 180
Swan, Chatham Island 179
Swan, Trumpeter 147
swanepoeli, Lepidochrysops 103
354
swanepoeli, Poecilmitis 103
swanepoeli. Thestor 104
swarlhi, Nesoryzomys 178
swazicus, Lamprophis 165
swezeyi, Aeschrithmysus 248
swezeyi, Nesithmysus 248
swezeyi, Pseudopsecira 254
swezeyi, Zororypus 255
swierstrai, Chitoglanis 243
swierstrai, Francolinus 35
Swift, Dark-rumped 43
Swift, Fernando Po 198
Swift, Rothschild's 153
Swift, Schouteden's 43
Swift, Waterfall 153
Swift, White-chested 43
Swift, White-fronted 198
swiftii, Achatinella 1 20
Swiftlet, Atiu 43
Swiftlet, Mascarene 153
Swiftlet, Mayr's 198
Swiftlet, Seychelles 43
Swiftlet, Tahiti 43
Swiftlet, Volcano 43
Swiftlet, Whitehead's 43
swinhoei, Capricomis 21
swinhoii, Lophura 149
Swordfish 207, 236
Swordtail, Andamans 105
Swordtail, Sri Lankan Five-bar 253
swynnerloni, Swynnertonia 52
Swynnertonia 52
Syconycteris 10
Sygnathoides 205
sylhetensis, Kachuga 200
Sylph, Bamboo 252
Sylph, Dickson's 252
sylvanus, Hygrotus 248
sylvanus, Macaca 15
sylveslris, Callirallus 36
sylvestris, Micronycteris 137
Sylvia 52
Sylvietta 160
Sylvilagus 29, 146,234
sylviolus, Phylloscartes 156
Sylvisorex 8, 241
symbiolica, Myrmica 101
symbiotica, Pheidole 101
symmetochus, Megalomyrmex 100
symonsi, Serinus 163
Sympetrum 187
Synallaxis 45, 155
Synanthedon 254
Synaptomys 233
SYNBRANCHIDAE 82, 205
SYNBRANCHIFORMES 82, 205
Syncaris 93, 185
Syncerus 131
Syncomisles 169
Syndactyla 45
syndactylus, Hylobates 140
SYNGNATHIDAE 81, 205
SYNGNATHIFORMES 81,205
Syngnathus 82, 205
SYNLESTIDAE 108, 171
Syntheosciurus 142
Synthliboramphus 38, 150
syriaca, Calopteryx 106
syrichta, Tarsius 129
Syrichtus 252
syrinx, Metisella 252
syrman, Neogobius 206
Syrmaticus 35, 149
Syrnolopsis 119
SYRPHIDAE 250
syrticus, Gerbillus 24
szczytkoi, Leuctra 254
szechenyii, Tetraophasis 149
TABANIDAE 99, 185,250
tabellata, Discula 124
Tacheocampylaea 215
tacheoides, Tacheocampylaea 215
Tachuri, Bearded 156
Tachuri, Grey-backed 156
Tachybaptus 29
Tachycineta 157
Tachycnemis 66
Tachyeres 147
Tachygia 182
TACHYGLOSSIDAE 3, 219
Tachyglossus 219
Tachyoryctes Tl, 145
Tachypleus 209
Tachysphex 170
laczanowskii, Agouti 145
tai-zanowskii, Nothoprocta 29
laczanowskii, Podiceps 29
Tadarida 13, 139
Tadoma 32
taeniabronchum, Bradypodion 59
taeniata elongata, Partula 239
taeniata nucleola, Partula 239
taeniata simulans, Partula 239
taeniata, Leptoxis 1 1 8
taeniata, Partula 239
taeniatus, Ophidiocephalus 60
Taenioides 169
taeniolata, Achatinella 1 20
taeniolata, Palaina 211
taeniolatus, Phyllopleryx 205
taeniops. Hippocampus 81
TAENIOPTERYGIDAE 254
Taeniopteryx 254
Taeromys 27, 145
Taheitia 212
tahitiensis, Numenius 37
Tahr, Arabian 21
Tahr, Himalayan 21
Tahr, Nilgiri 21
Tailorbird, Black-headed 159
Tailorbird, Long-billed 51
Tailorbird, Yellow-breasted 159
taintori, Xenodiscula 216
Taipidon 190
taitensis, Gulella 128
laitianum, Pleurobema 1 12
taitungensis, Hemimyzon 74
taivanus, Plecotus 13
taivanus, Pycnonotus 157
takahashii, Chamalychaeus 213
Takahe 36
takakurae. Hippocampus 81
takatsukasae, Monarcha 51
takedai, Hynobius 68
Takifugu 207
Takin 21
Takin, Bhutan 227
Takin, Golden 227
Takin, Mishmi 227
Takin, Sichuan 227
talaseae, Zoothera 161
talbotae, Formica 100
talbotae, Monomorium 101
Ta/pa 8
TALPIDAE 8
talpina, Partulina 213
talpoides douglasi, Thomomys 23 1
Tamanka 87
tamarae, Epimyrma 100
tamarani, Canariomys 178
Tamaraw 20
Tamarin, Andean Saddle-back 241
Tamarin, Black-chinned Emperor221
Tamarin, Black-faced Lion 14
Tamarin, Cotton-top 14
Tamarin, Golden Lion 14
Tamarin, Golden-headed Lion 14
Tamarin, Golden-mantled Saddle-back
241
Tamarin, Golden-rumped Lion 14
Tamarin, Pied 221
Tamarin, White-footed 14
tamarugense, Conirostrum 55
tambusisiana. Idea 104
Tamesi, Molly del 80
ramioi 22,231
Tamiasciurus 231
Tanager, Azure-rumped 55
Tanager, Azure-shouldered 163
Tanager, Black-and-gold 54
Tanager, Black-and-white 162
Tanager, Black-backed 55
Tanager, Blue-and-gold 162
Tanager, Blue-whiskered 163
Tanager, Brown 162
Tanager, Cherry-throated 55
Tanager, Cone-billed 54
Tanager, Dotted 163
Tanager, Gold-ringed 54
Tanager, Green-capped 55
Tanager, Green-naped 163
Tanager, Multicoloured 54
Tanager, Orange-throated 55
Tanager, Purplish-mantled 162
Tanager, Seven-coloured 55
Tanager, Sira 163
Tanager, White-banded 162
Tanager, White-rumped 162
Tanager-finch 55
tanago, Tanakia 74
Tanakia 74
lanasi, Percina 84
Tandan, Belinger River 247
Tandan, Cooper Creek 247
Tandan, Kutubu 76
Tandanus 247
Tandonia 215
tanganjicae, Zoothera 161
tanganyicense, Neothauma 120
tanganyicensis, Martelia 1 19
tanganyicensis, Reymondia 119
Tanganyicia 1 19
355
Tangara 55. 163
tanmurrana. Turgenitubulus 122
tannensis, Ptilinopus 151
tanner i. Bulimulus 126
tanneri. Troglodytes 49
tanneri. Utabaenetes 108
tansaniana, Crocidura 7
tantillus, Neoplanorbis 1 1 3
tantula, Serica 250
tanycephalus, Calaxias 77
Tanygnathus 41
Tanysiptera 154, 198
Taoniscus 29
Tapaculo, Bahia 46
Tapaculo, Brasilia 46
tapeinopterus, Encheloclarias 76
Taphozous 10, 136
Taphrolesbia 44
Tapir, Central American 19
Tapir, Malayan 19
Tapir, Mountain 19
TAPIRIDAE 19, 141
Tapirus 19. 141
lapoatafa pirata, Phascogale 219
tapoatafa tapoatafa, Phascogale 219
tapoalafa. Phascogale 135
tappaniana, Partulina 121
taprobana, Parantica 171
tarabinii, Pardiglanis 203
tarandus pearyi, Rangifer 227
Tarantula, Red-kneed 169
tarapacensis, Tropidurus 199
tarbinskii, Chalepoxenus 100
tar(ia, Orii 37
tardigradus, Loris 14
tarichi, Chalcalbumus 202
tarraceuse, Deroceras 121
tarravillensis, Allocharopa 174
Tarsier, Lesser Spectral 194
Tarsier, Philippine 129
Tarsier, Spectral 194
Tarsiger 160
TARSIIDAE 129, 194
Tarsius 129, 194
Tarsomys 27
Tartarocreagris 207
tartarus, Cambarus 93
tasanae, Rana 201
Taskiria 254
Taskropsyche 254
Tasmacetus 197
tasmaniae, Canthocamptus 96
tasmaniae, Megalanura250
tasmanica, Apteropanorpa 254
tasmanica, Beddomeia 1 1 5
tasmanicus, Bothriembryon 256
tasmaniensis, Arachnocampa 250
tasmaniensis, Edwardsina 99
Tasmanipatus 109. 255
Tasmanophlebia 99
Tasmanoplectron 108
Tasmanoplegas 255
Tasmaphena 127
tatarica mongolica. Saiga 230
talarica tatarica, Saiga 230
tatarica. Saiga 22
larei, Dactylopsila 5
tof£(, Eptesicus 194
ra/e;, Premnoplex 45
Tateomys 27
talouay, Cabassous 136
tatricus, Microtus 144
tatricus, Spelaeodiscus 128
tattawuppana, Glyptorhagada 122
tattersalli, Propithecus 14
Taudactylus 67
Tauraco 42, 152
tauricus, Clialepoxenus 100
taurinus albojubatus, Connochaetes
228
taurinus cooksoni, Connochaetes 228
taurinus johnstoni, Connochaetes 228
taurinus meamsi, Connochaetes 228
taurinus taurinus, Connochaetes 228
taurinus, Connochaetes 130
Taurotragus 141
taurus, Carcharias 69
tavala, Apatania 255
tawarensis, Poropuntius 73
tawarensis, Rasbora 74
raw/towiensii, Rattus 26
taxicolor bedfordi, Budorcas ITl
taxicolor taxicolor, Budorcas 227
taxicolor tibetana, Budorcas 227
taxicolor whitei, Budorcas 227
taxicolor, Budorcas 21
TAYASSUIDAE 20
taylori, Arius 204
taylori, Noturus 75
Tayloria 217, 240
Tayra, Greyheaded 224
tayrorm, Coralliozetus 87
tchadiensis, Biomphalaria 1 1 3
Teal, Baikal 32
Teal, Brown 32
Teal, Madagascar 32
Teal, Marbled 32
Teal, Salvadori's 32
Teapa, Molly del 80
tectiformis, Discula 124
teegelaari, Labrochromis 184
TEIIDAE 61, 182,200
Teinopalpus 171,208
Teinsotoma 209
re(7a. Cymothoe 253
telegrapha, Hedylepta 186
teleius burdigalensis, Maculinea 252
teleius, Maculinea 170
Telespiza 56
Teleutomyrmex 102
telfairii, Leiolopisma 60
telfordi, Crocidura 1
Telmatherina 79, 243
Telmatobius 67, 201
Telmatobufo 201
Telophorus 49
temmincki, Catopuma 140
temmincki, Pteropus 136
temminckii, Macroclemys 63
temminckii, Manis 142
temminckii, Tragopan 149
Temoleh, Ikan 73
TEMORIDAE 92, 207
tempe, Thestor 104
renajc, Somatogyrus 212
TENEBRIONIDAE 99
tenebrosa, Carelia 189
lenebrosa, Murina 194
tenebrosa, Rhipidura 160
tenebrosus, Phyllastrephus 48
tenella, Auriculella 213
rener. Loriculus 152
tenerifensis, Parmacella 127
teneriffae, Plecotus 13
Tengchiena 215
tennentii, Ceratophora 59
tennesseensis, Phoxinus 168
tennesseensis, Somatogyrus 212
Tenrec. Aquatic 5
Tenrec, Large-eared 241
TENRECIDAE 5, 241
Tenualosa 71
tenuicostata, Sinployea 190
tenuimanus, Che rax 95
tenuirostris, Numenius 38
tenuirostris, Zosterops 54
tenuis, Cottus 206
tenuis, Crocidura 7
tenuis, Myosorex 7
tenuis, Pseudobarbus 73
tenuisculpta, Liardetia 215
tenuispira, Amastra 1 89
tenuistriata. Diastole 125
Tepelmene, Sardinita de 73
tephropleurus, Zosterops 54
Teramulus 205
TERAPONTIDAE 83, 168, 206, 244, 247
terceirana, Leptaxis 125
terebra, Partulina 213
terebriformis, Anceya 119
Terenura 46
(erei, Elimia 1 1 7
rerej, Gonospira 128
teresinarum, Lucifuga 11
tereticaudus chlorus, Spermophilus 23 1
teretulus, Pheruicobius 13
Tern, Black-bellied 38
Tern, Black-fronted 38
Tern, Damara 150
Tern, Elegant 150
Tern, Fairy 38
Tern, Kerguelen 38
Terpsiphone 53, 160
terrapenfelis, Trachemys 246
terrapen, Trachemys 64
Terrapene 64, 166, 200
Terrapin, Diamondback 166
terrapin, Malaclemys 166
Terrapin, Painted 64
Terrapin, River 64
terrestris, Tapirus 141
terrestris, Trugon 151
terrestris, Zoothera 181
terrisi, Rhynchopsitta 41
terryi, Aeschrithmysus 248
tessellata, Partulina 121
tessellatus, Cualac 79
tessellum, Syrichtus 252
testudinalis, Discula 124
TESTUDINES 62, 132, 165, 182, 200,
234, 243, 246
356
TESTUDINIDAE 65, 166, 182, 200, 234,
243, 246
Testudo 65, 166, 235, 243, 246
telhys, Oceanodroma 146
Tetracenlrum 206
Tetracerus 22
tetradactyla, Allactaga 23
tetradactylus sangi, Petrodromus 245
Tetradactylus 59, 182
TETRAGNATHIDAE 88
Tetramorium 102
Tetranesodon 204
Tetrao 149
TETRAODONTIDAE 88, 207
TETRAODONTIFORMES 88, 207
Tetraophasis 149
tetraspis, Osteolaemus 58
tetrax. Tetrax 150
Tetrax 150
tetrica, Discula 124
TETRIGIDAE 109
Tetrix 109
Tettigarcta 251
TETTIGARCTIDAE 251
Tettigidea 109
TETTIGONIIDAE 109, 187
teuszii, Sousa 196
tevoroa, Tridacna 112
texana, Cochliopa 115
texana, Tartarocreagris 207
texanus, Asaphomyia 250
texanus, Haideoporus 248
texanus, Limnebius 249
texanus, Procambarus 95
texanus, Xyrauchen 75
(MM, //e/ix 125
textilis, Amytomis 49
teydea, Fringilla 132
teysmannii, Treron 151
Thaanumella 210
thaanumi, Achatinella 1 88
thaanumi, Lyropupa 216
thaanumi, Nesopupa 216
thaidina, Bhutanitis 244
thalassina, Cissa 164
Thalassoma 87
thalia, Crocidura 136
?/M/ia, Partula 191
Thallomys 145
Thalurania 44
thamicola, Homaloptera lA
thamnobates, Bradypodion 165
THAMNOCEPHALIDAE 91
Thamnomys 242
Thamnophilus 155
Thamnophis 61, 200, 246
Thapsia 124, 125,215
Thaumatodon 124, 190
Thaumatogryllus 108
Thawnatoneura 107
r/iefea 125
thedana, Torresitrachia 122
theinemanni, Neolissochilus 73
theodori. Anas 179
theodorverhoeveni, Papagomys 178
Tkeodoxus 209
Thepa, Pla 203
THERAPHOSIDAE 169
therasiae, Muscocyclops 132
theresa, Monodelphis 3
thermae, Zaitzeva 249
thermalis, Pyrgulopsis 211
Thermocyclops 132
Thermodiaptomus 92
Thermomesochra 208
thermophilum, Thermosphaeroma 185
Thermophis 61
Thermosphaeroma 97, 185, 244
ihermydromis, Speocirolana 97
r/iero cedarbergae. Phasis 252
Theropithecus 140
Thersites 122
Theskelomensor 1 25, 256
thessala, Knipowitschia 87
Thessalogovin'As 87
Thestor 252
Thestor, Dickson's 252
Thestor, Kaplan's 103
Thestor 103, 104, 170,252
r/ie((i, Partula 127
THIARIDAE 119,173
thibaudeaui, Tenualosa 71
thibetana huangensis, Ochotona 233
thibetana sikimaria, Ochotona 233
thibetana, Macaca 129
tkibetanus gedrosianus, Ursus 224
thibetanus, Ursus 18
Thicketbird, Bismarck 198
Thicketbird, Bougainville 198
Thicketbird, Guadalcanal 159
Thicketbird, Long-legged 53
Thinomis 37
Thistletail, Perijal55
thol'oni, Mesoperipatus 209
thomasetti, Gulella 191
thomasi bethune-bakeri, Hemlargus
252
thomasi, Echimys 28
thomasi, Calagoides 241
thomasi, Microgale 5
thomasi, Microtus 144
thomasi, Ochotona 146
thomasi, Presbytis 140
thomasi, Rhinolophus 137
thomasi, Salpingotus 197
thomasi, Stumira 1 1
thomasi, Urothemis 209
Thomasomys 145
thomasseti, Nesomantis 68
Thomea 214
thomensis, Columba 38
thomensis, Crocidura 7
thomensis, Estrilda 163
thomensis, Nectarinia 53
thomensis, Paradoxa 213
thomensis, Thyrophorella 217
Thomomys 142,231.242
thompsoni, Pyrgulopsis 211
thomseni, Odontodiaptomus Iffl
thomsoni, Limnotrochus 119
thomsonii albonotata, Gazella 228
thomsonii, Gazella 130
thonglongyai, Craseonycteris 10
Thoopterus 136
thoracatus. Geocapromys 179
THORACICA 208
thoracicus, Charadrius 37
Thornbill. Mountain 132
Thornbill, Slender-billed 49
Thornbird, Chestnut-backed 155
Thorntail, Coppery 198
Thoropa 67
Thrasher, Cozumel 158
Thrasher, White-breasted 49
Thraupis 163
Threeridge, Fat 110
Threskiomis 147
THRESKIORNITHIDAE 31, 147, 179
Thripophaga 45, 155
Throscodectes 109
Thrush, Amami 53
Thrush, Ashy 53
Thrush, Black-breasted 161
Thrush, Bonin 181
Thrush, Chinese 161
Thrush, Everett's 161
Thrush, Fawn-breasted 161
Thrush, Forest 158
Thrush, Grand Cayman 181
Thrush, Grayson's 161
Thrush, Grey-sided 53
Thrush, Izu 53
Thrush, La Selle 53
Thrush, Long-billed 161
Thrush, Makira 161
Thrush, Moluccan 199
Thrush, New Britain 161
Thrush, Orange-banded 161
Thrush, Pied 161
Thrush, Red-backed 161
Thrush, Sao Tome 161
Thrush, Slaty-backed 161
Thrush, Somali 53
Thrush, Spot-winged 161
Thrush, Taita 53
Thrush, Tristan 159
Thrush, Unicoloured 161
Thrush, 'Vemen 53
Thryomanes 158
Thryothorus 49
Thryssa 202
thunbergi. Colophon 99
Thunnus 88, 207, 236, 237
thuragnathus, Harpagochromis 184
thurjii, Hardella 166
thurstoni, Samoana 127
Thylacine 177
THYLACINIDAE 177
Thylacinus 177
Thylamys 135
Thylogale 4
thynnus , Thunnus IQl
thynnus, Thunnus Til
Thyrophorella 217
THYROPHORELLIDAE 217
Thyroptera 1 1
THYROPTERIDAE 11
THYSANURA 254
r/iyii, Tilapia 86
Tiang 228
tiarella, Ceomitra 124
tiassalensis, Neritina 1 1 2
357
tibialis, Anomala 250
tibiospina, Deinacrida 254
tickelli, Anorrhinus 1 54
Tickellia 160
Tiger 16
Tiger. Amur 224
Tiger, Angled 104
Tiger, Biak 104
Tiger, Bonthain 104
Tiger, Ceylon 171
Tiger, Crow 105
Tiger, Crowley's 244
Tiger, D'Abrcra's 104
Tiger, Dannatt's 104
Tiger, David's 104
Tiger, Fat 244
Tiger, Felder's 104
Tiger, Flores 104
Tiger, Javan 171
Tiger, Kirby's 244
Tiger, Kuekenthal's Yellow 104
Tiger, Least 244
Tiger, Manado Yellow 244
Tiger, Milagros' 104
Tiger, Morishita's 104
Tiger, New Ireland Yellow 104
Tiger, Nilgiri 171
Tiger, Sarangani 237
Tiger, Scarce Blue 244
Tiger, South China 224
Tiger, Sumatran 224
Tiger, Sumatran Chocolate 171
Tiger, Sumbawa 104
Tiger, Timor Yellow 104
Tiger, Toxopeus' Yellow 104
Tiger, Weiske's 244
Tiger, Zinken's 171
Tiger-heron, Fasciated 147
tigrellus, Gobius 206
tigrinus, Leopardus 140
tigris altaica, Panthera llii
tigris amoyensis, Panthera 224
tigris sumatrae, Panthera 224
tigris, Panthera 16
Tigrisoma 147
Tijuca 46, 156
Tilapia, Lake Magadi 247
Tilapia, Otjikoto 86
Tilapia 86
Tiliqua 61
timavi, Niphargus 90
timorensis, Ficedula 158
timorensis, Rattus 197
timorica, Parantica 104
timoriensis, Nyctophilus 13
TINAMIDAE 29, 146, 197
TINAMIFORMES 29, 146, 197
Tinamou, Black 197
Tinamou, Choc'/4 29
Tinamou, Colombian 146
Tinamou, Dwarf 29
Tinamou, Hooded 146
Tinamou, Kalinowski's 29
Tinamou, Magdalena 29
Tinamou, Pale-browed 146
Tinamou, Solitary 146
Tinamou, Taczanowski's 29
Tinamou, Tepui 29
Tinamou, Yellow-legged 146
Tinamus 146, 197
Tinkerbird, While -chested 44
Tinostoma 186
tiomanensis, Sundoreonectes 75
Tiphobia 119
Tiradelphe 105
Tiro 184
Tirumala 105, 208, 237, 244
Tischeria 186
TISCHERIIDAE 186
Tit, Red-throated 161
Tit, White-fronted 161
Tit, White-naped 53
Tit, White-necklaced 161
Tit, White-throated 161
Tit, Yellow 161
Tit-babbler, Grey-faced 159
Tit-babbler, Miniature 51
Tit-spinetail, Araucaria 155
Tit-spinetail, Tawny 155
Tit-spinetail, White-browed 45
Tit-tyrant, Ash-breasted 47
Tit-warbler, Crested 159
titei, Lepidochrysops 103
tithonus, Omithoptera 208
tithys, Synallaxis 45
Titi, Black-fronted 221
Titi, Masked 14
Titi, Northern Bahian Blond 221
Titi, Northern Masked 221
Titi, Ornate 221
Titi, Southern Bahian Masked 221
titteya, Puntius 132
tityoides, Parantica 171
tlahuacensis, Evarra 183
tlaloci, Rana 182
Toad, Amargosa 66
Toad, Amatola 66
Toad, Black 66
Toad, Cape Mountain 166
Toad, Darwin's 201
Toad, Garo Hill Tree 66
Toad, Golden 66
Toad, Houston 66
Toad, Italian Spadefoot235
Toad, Malabar Tree 66
Toad, Mt Nimba Viviparous 66
Toad, Puerto Rican Crested 66
Toad, Sonoran Green 166
Toad, Yosemite 66
Toadfish, Cotuero 78
Toadfish, Reticulated 78
Toadfish, Splendid 78
Toadfish, Whitelined 78
Toadfish, Whitespotted78
Toadlet, Alexandra 201
Toadlet, Bibron's 167
Toadlet, Marbled 182
Toadlet, Red-crowned 167
tobiasi, Hydropsyche 187
tobleri, Euploea 171
toboroi, Papilio 244
TODIDAE 154
Todirhamphus 44, 154,246
Todirostrum 156,242
todseni, Sonorella 174
Todus 154
Tody, Narrow-billed 154
Tody-Flycatcher, Buff-cheeked 242
Tody-flycatcher, Maracaibol56
Tody-tyrant, Boat-billed 156
Tody-tyrant, Buff-breasted 47
Tody-tyrant, Buff-throated 156
Tody-tyrant, Cinnamon-breasted 156
Tody-tyrant, Eye-ringed 156
Tody-tyrant, Hangnest 156
Tody-tyrant, Kaempfer's47
Tody-tyrant, White-cheeked 156
Tody-tyrant, Zimmer's 156
tohiveana, Partula 191
Tokoweka, South Island 179
tokudae, Mogera 8
tokudae, Pteropus 177
Tokudaia 27
tolotomensis, Roimontis 214
Tolypeutes 5, 136
tomensis, Chaerephon 13
tomentosus, Kunsia 24
tomi, Betta 88
Tomicha 118, 188
Tominanga 79
Tomistoma 199
Tomopeas 13
tomsetti, Cupedora 173
Tonatia 11, 137
Tondanichthys 81
tonkeana hecki, Macaca 245
tonkeana, Macaca 140
Toothcarp, South European 205
Toothcarp, Spanish 205
Toothcarp, Valencia 80
Topi 130,228
Topi, Coastal 228
Topminnow, Barrens 80
Topminnow, Whiteline 183
topsiae, Beddomeia 115
Tor 14
Torguigener 207
tormentosa, Tettigarcta 251
Tomatellinops 213
Tornelasmias 188
tomieri, Malacochersus 65
Tomigenus 239
torobo, Oloplotosus 76
torosus, Dinomis 179
torquata, Delma 60
lorquatus lucifer, Callicebus 241
torquatus medemi, Callicebus 221
torquatus torquatus, Cercocebus 245
torquatus, Bradypus 5
torquatus, Cercocebus 140
torquatus, Cheiromeles 139
torquatus, Pedionomus 36
torrefacta, Leptoxis 1 1 8
torrei, Boromys 178
torrentium, Austropotamobius 93
Torreomis 55
tor res i, Bibimys 143
Torresitrachia 122, 174, 244
torreya, Cyclocosmia 207
torridus ramona, Onchomys 233
torridus ramona, Onychomys 233
torridus tularensis, Onchomys 233
torridus tularensis, Onychomys 233
358
torridus, Auila 47
torringloni, Columba 38
Tortoise, Abingdon Island 234
African Spurred 65
Aldabra Giant 65
Argentine 65
Asian Giant 65
Berger's Cape 65
Bolson 65
Burmese Starred 65
Central Asian 65
Charles Island 234
Chatham Island 234
Desert 65
Duncan Island 234
Eastern Hermann's 246
Egyptian 65
Elongated 65
Galapagos Giant 65
Geometric 65
Gopher 65
Home's Hinge-back2(X)
Hood Island 235
Iguana Cove 235
Impressed 65
Indefatigable Island235
James Island 234
Madagascar 65
Madagascar Flat-shelled65
Marginated 243
Natal Hinge-back 166
Pancake 65
Radiated 65
Serrated Hinge-back 200
Sierra Negra 235
South American Yellow-footed
Tortoise,
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise
Tortoise,
Tortoise.
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise
Tortoise,
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise,
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise
Tortoise,
Tortoise
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
65
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Tortoise,
Speckled Cape 166
Spider 65
Spur-thighed 65, 246
Texas 243
Three-keeled Land 64
Travancore 65
Volcan Alcedo235
Volcan Darwin 235
Volcan Wolf 234
TORTRICIDAE 254
torulosa gubernaculum, Dysnomia 255
torulosa gubernaculum, Epioblasma
238
torulosa rangiana, Dysnomia 255
torulosa rangiana, Epioblasma 238
torulosa torulosa, Dysnomia 255
torulosa torulosa, Epioblasma 238
totae, Rhizosomichthys 183
Totoaba 84
Totoaba 84
totta, Serinus 163
Toucanet, Saffron 154
Toucanet, Yellow-browed 154
Touit 41, 152
toweri, Ataeniobius 80
townesi, Stylurus 107
townsendi, Arctocephalus 17
townseruli, Spiza 182
townseruiii cowani, Microtus 233
townsendii, Plecotus 13
townsendii, Spermophilus 197
towoeti, Nomorhamphus 81
Toxolasma 112
toxopei, Charmosyna 40
toxopei, Parantica 104
Toxostoma 158
Toxotes 244
TOXOTIDAE 244
trabalis, Villosa 256
Trachemys 64, 166, 246
Trachypilhecus 15, 140, 194
Tragelaphus 22, 131, 141, 230
tragocamelus, Boselaphus 130
Tragopan, Blyth's 35
Tragopan, Cabot's 35
Tragopan, Satyr 149
Tragopan, Temminck's 149
Tragopan, Western 35
Tragopan 35, 149
TRAGULIDAE 141,226
Tragulus 226
tramieri, Chalepoxenus 100
tranquebarica viridissima, Cicindela
248
transfasciatus, Crypturellus 146
transgrediens, Aphanius 79
transitionalis, Sylvilagus 29
translucida, Gulella 216
transmontanus , Acipenser 236
transmontanus, Acipenser 167
transpacificus, Hypomesus 76
transsylvanica, Podismopsis 254
transsylvanicus, Bienkotetrix 109
transvaalensis, Xenocalamus 200
transversalis, Bulinus 113
transversalis, Theodoxus 209
Tras 74
tras, Puntius 74
traski pomo, Hysterocarpus 247
trautmani, Noturus 75
traversi, Paryphanta 216
traversi, Petroica 51
Treader-Bug, Aaa Water 251
treculi, Micropterus 206
Tree-finch, Medium 162
Tree-kangaroo, Bennett's 135
Tree-kangaroo, Doria's 4
Tree-kangaroo, Goodfellow's4
Tree-kangaroo, Grizzled 193
Tree-kangaroo, Huon 4
Tree-kangaroo, Lowland 193
Tree-kangaroo, Lumholtzi's 135
Tree-kangaroo, Scott's 4
Tree-nymph, Bedford-Russell's 104
Tree-nymph, Ceylon 171
Tree-nymph, Electra's 104
Tree-nymph, Hewitson's Small 104
Tree-Nymph, Malabar 171
Tree-Nymph, Seram Small 244
Treepie, Andaman 164
Treepie, Hooded 58
Treepie, White-bellied 164
Treerunner, Beautiful 155
Tremarclos 18
Treron 39, 151
treurensis, Barbus 132
trevelyani, Barbus 71
trevelyani, Chrysospalax 5
trevori. Mops 139
Triaenodes 187
Triaenops 1 1
Tribolonotus 200
tricarinala, Melanochelys 64
tricarunculata, Procnias 46
tricellulare, Heteragrion 107
Trichastoma 53, 160
TRICHECHIDAE 19,225
Trichechus 19, 225
Trichia 215
Trichocichla 53
Trichoglossus 41
TRICHOMYCTERIDAE 76, 168, 183,
204
Trichomycterus 76, 168, 204
trichonica, Cobitis 203
trichonis, Economidichthys 87
TRICHONISCIDAE 97, 237
TRICHOPTERA 187,254
trichopus, Zygogeomys 23
Trichosurus 219
trichotis, Allocebus 13
Irichotis, Chibchanomys 143
Trichotoxon 215
tricinctus, Tolypeutes 5
TRICLADIDA 192, 256
Triclaria 41
tricolor, Alectrurus 156
tricolor, Ara 1 80
tricolor, Lyriothemis 107
Tricula 119
Tridacna 112, 133,244
TRIDACNIDAE 112, 133, 244
tridactyla, Jacamaralcyon 44
tridactyla, Myrmecophaga 5
tridactylus tridactylus, Potorous 219
tridecemlineatus alleni, Spermophilus
231
tridentata ssp., Lampetra 246
tridentatus, Tachypleus 209
tridentifera, Eurycea 68
tridonata, Triaenodes 187
trifasciata, Cuora 64
trifasciatus, Nesomimus 49
Triggerfish, Queen 88
triglavensis, Pseudomoraria 96
trigonelia, Pseudocandona 98
Trigonopelastes 250
Trigonoscuta 185,248
trijuga, Melanochelys 200
Triller, Samoan 157
trimaculatus, Hephaestus 206
trimaculatus. Hippocampus 82
trimeni southeyae, Aloeides 252
trimeni, Poecilmitis 103
Trimenia 104
Trimeresurus 62, 200
Trimerotropis 108
Tringa 38
Trinidad, Cachorrito de la 183
trinitatis, Hypolestes 107
trinotatus orarius, Zapus 232
triochilus, Raphiomydas 250
Triodopsis 215
Triok, Tate's 5
TRIONYCHIDAE 65, 166, 200, 235
359
Trionyx 235
TRIOPSIDAE 97
tripartitus, Saguinus 241
triplex. Ephemera 250
Triplophysa 75
triporcatus, Staurotypus 166
tripunctata, Euploea 104
triquetra. Dysnomia 255
trisella, Etheostoma 83
triserrata, Cylindraspis 182
Trissexodon 245
rrari'i, Partula 191
tristrami, Oceanodroma 146
Trithemis 107
Tritocleis 186
Triturus 132,201
triunguis, Trionyx 235
trivialis, Pyrgulopsis 2 1 1
trivirgata trilineata, Arctogalidia 224
trivittata, Kachuga 64
irocaz, Columba 132
trochearis, Bellamya 120
Trochidrobia 117,173
trochiformis, Beddomeia 1 1 5
TROCHILIDAE 43, 153, 181, 198
Trochochlamys 124
Trochogyra 214
Trochoidea 126, 175, 190,256
trochoideum, Craspedoma 133
Trochomorpha 128,175,217
Trochozonites 215
TROGIDAE 250
Troglocaris 93
troglocataractus, Nemacheilus 74
Troglocobitis 203
troglodytes schweinfurthi. Part 223
troglodytes troglodytes, Pan 223
troglodytes verus, Pan 223
troglodytes, Aphodius 250
troglodytes, Monadenia 215
troglodytes. Pan 16
Troglodytes 49
TROGLODYTIDAE 49, 158
Trogloglanis 75
Troglohyphantes 88
Trogon, Baird's 153
Trogon, Hispaniolan 153
Trogon, Ward's 44
Trogon 153
TROGONIDAE 44, 153
TROGONIFORMES 44, 153
Trogopterus 22
Troj^ei 105, 171,253
Troik, Great-tailed 5
troostiana, Elimia 1 1 7
tropica, Bettongia 4
tropicalis, Geomys 22
tropicalis, Monachus 178
Tropidophora 118,188,212
Tropidophoxinellus 203
Tropidoptera 121
Tropidurus 199
Tropocyclops 92
Tropodiaptomus 92, 185, 207
troschelianum, Pleurobema 1 1 2
troughtoni, Taphozous 10
Trout, Apache 77
Trout, Bull 77
Trout, Cutthroat 247
Trout, Gila 77
Trout, Iwame 204
Trout, Mexican Golden 77
Trout, Silver 183
Trox 250
truchnasi, Nanoplectrus 255
rruei, Podogymnura 6
Trugon 151
trukana, Trukcharopa 214
Trukcharopa 214
truncata, Lyropupa 216
Truncatella 212
TRUNCATELLIDAE 212
Truncatellina 128,217
truncatus, Cambarus 93
truncatus, Chlamyphorus 5
truncatus, Ospatulus 73
truncatus, Tursiops 196
Truncilla 255
Irybomi, Coregonus 204
tryoni, Xerarionta 125
Tryonia, Amargossa 212
Tryonia, Brune's 212
Tryonia, Gila 212
Tryonia, Grated 212
Tryonia, Roster's 212
Tryonia, Mimic 212
Tryonia, Minute 212
Tryonia, Phantom 212
Tryonia, Point of Rocks 212
Tryonia, Quitabaquito 212
Tryonia, Sportingoods 212
Tryonia 212
Tryphomys 27
tschaiyssuensis, Nemacheilus 74
tschapecki, Bythiospeum 115
tschudii, Ampelioides 1 56
Tsessebe 228
r5i(ana 252
tsolovi, Calomyscus 143
Tuatara, Brother's Island 58
Tuatara, Cook Strait 243
Tubercled-blossom 255
tuberculata, Cyclonaias 172
tuberculata, Insulivitrina 175
tuberculata, Mystacina 13
tuberculatum, Heteropoma 210
tuberculatus, Chalinolobus 138
tuberculatus, Hadramphus 185
tuberculatus, Pteropus 10
tuberculosus, Pedostibes 66
tuberosa, Quadrula 112
TUBinCIDAE 110
Tubuaia 125
tucinkae, Eubucco 154
Tucuxi 196
tuerosi, Laterallus 36
tularosa, Cyprinodon 80
Tulotoma 213
Tulotoma 213
tumana, Lednia 254
Tumba 74
tumba, Puntius 74
tumbalensis, Tylomys 27
tumida, Beddomeia 188
tumida, Pilsbrycharopa 123
tumidifrons, Natalus 1 1
tumiduta, Omphalotropis 210
tumidulus. Jokajdon 214
tumuloides. Libera 189
tumultuosos, Alsodes 201
Tuna, Albacore 207, 236
Tuna, Bigeye 88, 236
Tuna, Northern Bluefin 207, 237
Tuna, Southern bluefin 88
tunneyi, Rattus 145
Tupaia 8
TUPAIIDAE 8
Tur, East Caucasian 21
Tur, West Caucasian 21
Turaco, Bannerman's 42
Turaco, Fischer's 152
Turaco, Prince Ruspoli's42
Turacoena 39
turatii, Laniarius 157
TURBELLARIA 192,256
turbinata, Westraltrachia 123
turbinatus Biolocus, Tomigenus 239
TURBINIIDAE 112
turbotti, Anagotus 248
Turcinemacheilus 203
turcosus, Cyomis 158
Turdoides 53, 160
Tur^iui 53, 161, 181
Turgenitubulus 122, 256
Turgid-blossom 255
turgida, Achatinella 120
turgida, Partula 191
turgidula, Dysnomia 255
turgidula, Epioblasma 1 1 1
turgidula, Gonospira 128
turgidula, Streptostyla 215
Turkey, Ocellated 149
Turnagra 181
tumerae, Beddomeia 115
tumeri, Eremomela 50
turneri, Hubbsina 80
tumeri, Posorites 174
TURNICIDAE 35, 149
r«ma 35, 149
turpis, Hipposideros 10
turricula, Carelia 189
turricula, Discula 124
TURRIDAE 213
turriplana, Gittenbergeri 245
turrilella, Fontigens 116
turritum, Heteropoma 210
Tursiops 196
turskyi, Leuciscus 183
Turtle, African Softshell 235
Turtle, Alabama Red-bellied 64
Turtle, Alligator Snapping 63
Turtle, American Red-bellied 166
Turtle, Annam Leaf 243
Turtle, Aquatic Box 64
Turtle, Arakan Forest 64
Turtle, Asian Giant Softshell 66
Turtle, Asiatic Softshell 65
Turtle, Assam Roofed 200
Turtle, Barbour's Map 165
Turtle, Beal's-eyed 64
Turtle, Bellinger River Snapping200
360
Turtle, Big-headed 200
Turtle, Big-headed Amazon River64
Turtle, Black Soft-shell 65
Turtle, Black Wood 166
Turtle, Black-knobbed Map 166
Turtle, Blanding's 165
Turtle, Bog 64
Turtle, Brazilian Radiolated Swamp 165
Turtle, Brazilian Snake-necked62
Turtle, Bri.sbane Short-necked 243
Turtle, Brown Wood 166
Turtle, Burmese Eyed 166
Turtle, Burmese Flapshell 200
Turtle, Burmese Roofed 64
Turtle, Cagle's Map 64
Turtle, Cat Island Freshwater 246
Turtle, Central American River63
Turtle, Chaco Side-necked 62
Turtle, Chaco Swamp 62
Turtle, Chinese False-eyed 200
Turtle, Chinese Stripe-necked 166
Turtle, Chinese Three-striped Box64
Turtle, Cochin Forest Cane 64
Turtle, Common Box 166
Turtle, Creaser's Mud 166
Turtle, Crowned River 166
Turtle, Dahl's Toad-headed 62
Turtle, Dunn's Mud 64
Turtle, Escambia Map 166
Turtle, Euphrates Softshell66
Turtle, European Pond 165
Turtle, Fitzroy River 62
Turtle, Flattened Musk 64
Turtle, Four-eyed 64
Turtle, Fujian Pond 200
Turtle, Giant Asian Pond 166
Turtle, Giant Musk 166
Turtle, Green 63, 234
Turtle, Hawksbill 63
Turtle, Hoge's Sideneck62
Turtle, Inagua Island 246
Turtle, Indian Black 200
Turtle, Indian Eyed 166
Turtle, Indochinese Box 165
Turtle, Large-nosed Wood 166
Turtle, Leith's Softshell 166
Turtle, Madagascan Big-headed 64
Turtle, Magdalena River 65
Turtle, Malayan Flat-shelled 200
Turtle, Malaysian Giant 166
Turtle, Manning River Snapping 200
Turtle, Mary River 62
Turtle, McCord's Box 200
Turtle, Mexican Musk 166
Turtle, Mexican Spotted Wood 64
Turtle, Namoi River Snapping 62
Turtle, Narrow-breasted Snake-necked
165
Turtle, Narrow-bridged Mud 64
Turtle, Narrow-bridged Musk 166
Turtle, Narrow-headed Softshell65
Turtle, Nubian Flapshell 166
Turtle, Oaxaca Mud 166
Turtle, Ornate Box 166
Turtle, Pacific Pond 64
Turtle, Pan's Box 200
Turtle, Pantanal Swamp 165
Turtle, Parker's Snake-necked 62
Turtle, Pascagoula Map 166
Turtle, Philippen's Striped 200
Turtle, Philippine Pond 64
Turtle, Pig-nose 62
Turtle, Pritchard's Snake-necked62
Turtle, Red Side-necked 165
Turtle, Red-crowned Roofed 64
Turtle, Red-headed River 65
Turtle, Red-necked Pond 200
Turtle, Reimann's Snake-necked200
Turtle, Ringed Map 64
Turtle, Roti Island Snake-necked62
Turtle, Ryukyu Leaf 64
Turtle, Senegal Rapshell 166
Turtle, Seychelles Mud 65
Turtle, Six-tubercled River 65
Turtle, Sonora Mud 64
Turtle, South American River 132
Turtle, South Asian Box 165
Turtle, Spiny 64
Turtle, Spiny-neck 165
Turtle, Spotted 64
Turtle, Spotted Box 200
Turtle, Spotted Pond 165
Turtle, Striped Narrow-headed Softshell
65
Turtle, Sulawesi Forest 200
Turtle, Tabasco Mud 166
Turtle, Texas Map 166
Turtle, Three-striped Roof 166
Turtle, Turkana Mud 65
Turtle, Upemba Mud 200
Turtle, Vanderhaege's Toad-headed 165
Turtle, Wattle-necked Softshell 166
Turtle, Western Swamp 62
Turtle, Wood 64
Turtle, Yellow-blotched Map 64
Turtle, Yellow-headed Box 200
Turtle, Yellow-headed Temple 64
Turtle, Yellow-margined Box 64
Turtle, Yellow-spotted River 55
Turtle, Yunnan Box 200
Turtle, Zambezi Flapshell 166
Turtle, Zhou's Box 200
Turtle, Zulia Toad-headed 62
turtoni, Chilonopsis 192
turtoni, Nesopupa 191
turtoni. Unio 209
tuscumbia, Etheostoma 83
Tuxentius 252
tyberinus, Barbus 167
tyleriana, Marmosa 193
Tylognathus 203
Tylomys 11, 145
tylorhinus, Pappogeomys 142
tympanistrigus, Pycnonotus 48
Tympanocryptis 234
Tympanoctomys 28
tympanum mamieae, Eulamprus TiA
tympanum ssp., Eulamprus 246
Typhaeus 249
Typhlatya 93
Typhleotris 87
Typhliasina 77, 247
Typhlichthys 77
Typhlobarbus 74
Typhlogarra 74
Typhlomolge 68
Typhlomys 27
TYPHLOPIDAE 62. 182
typhlops, Iranocypris 72
typhlops, Notoryctes 4
typhlops, Protocobitis 74
typhlops, Stygichthys 203
Typhlops 62, 182
Typhlosaurus 61
Typhlosynbranchus 205
fyphlotriton 201
typica, Coracina 48
typicus, Gerrhosaurus 165
typus, Otomys 144
typus, Rhincodon 201
TYRANNIDAE 47, 156, 242
Tyrannulet, Alagoas 47
Tyrannulet, Bay-ringed 156
Tyrannulet, Grey-capped 156
Tyrannulet, Minas Gerais47
Tyrannulet, Oustalet's 156
Tyrannulet, Reiser's 156
Tyrannulet. Restinga47
Tyrannulet, Sao Paulo 47
Tyrannulet, Serra do Mar 156
Tyrannus 47
Tyrant, Cock-tailed 156
Tyrant, Shear-tailed Grey 156
Tyrant, Strange-tailed 47
Tyrant, Tumbes 156
Tyrrheniella 126
tytleri, Phylloscopus 160
Tyto 42, 152, 198
TYTONIDAE 42, 152, 198
tytonis, Chlorotalpa 5
ilakari. Bald 14
Uakari, Black 241
ucayalae, Simoxenops 155
ucayalensi, Scolomys 27
uchidai, Neoscaptor 8
udzungwensis, Galagoides 194
udzungwensis, Xenoperdix 35
Uegitglanis 76
uenoi, Rhinocypha 106
ukliva, Leuciscus 72
Ula-ai-hawane 181
ulietanus, Cyanoramphus 180
ultima, Crocidura 7
ultima, Telespiza 56
ultramarina, Vini 42
ultramontanum, Pisidium 256
Uma 60
umbargae, Argiocnemis 106
umbilicata, Amastra 1 89
umbilicaia, Lithoglyphus 188
umbilicata, Partula 191
umbilicata, Phrantela 116
umbilicata, Pyrgina 214
umbilicatus, Neoplanorbis 1 1 3
Umbra 76
umbralus, Platyrrhinus 137
Umbrellabird, Bare-necked 46
Umbrellabird, Long-wattled 46
UMBRIDAE 76, 168
umbrina, Pseudemydura 62
umbrinus emotus, Thomomys 242
umbrinus nevadensis, Tamias 23 1
umbrinus sedulus, Tamias 23 1
umbrinus, Thomomys 142
361
unalascensis stevensoni, Dicrostonyx
232
unalascensis unalascensis. Dicrostonyx
232
unappendiculatus, Casuarius 29
Unas 248
uncatus, Semperdon 214
uncia, Uncia 16
Uncia 16
underwoodi, Eumops 139
Underwoodisaurus 165
undulata, Chlamydotis I'il
undulatus, Cheilinus 87
undulatus, Zebrilus 147
unestami, Cambarus 94
Unga 86
unicolor, Chamaepetes 149
unicolor, Corvus 58
unicolor, Crotalus 62
unicolor, Cyanoramphus 40
unicolor, Mesitomis 35
unicolor, Myrmotherula 46
unicolor, Obovaria 172
unicornis , Rhinoceros 226
unicornis, Pauxi 34
unicornis. Rhinoceros 19
unidentata, Gulella 216
unifasciatus, Bulimulus 126
unifilis, Podocnemis 65
unilamellala, Mautodontha 189
ynio 172, 187, 209, 256
UNIONIDAE 110, 133, 172, 187, 209,
238, 255
UNIONOIDA 110, 133, 172, 187,209,
238, 255
uniplicata, Auriculella 1 88
unipunctata, Rhyacophila 255
unirufus, Centropus 152
unistriata, Monodelphis 3
universitatis, Camponotus 100
upembae, Pelusios 200
Uperoleia 182,201
Upucerthia 155
uralensis, Formica 170
Uramphisopus 97
urania, Macromia 106
uranidea, Percina 169
uranoscopus, Gobio 202
Uranothauma 252
urartensis, Calomyscus 143
Uratelomis 44
Urchin, European Edible Sea 169
urguessensis subangulata, Tayloria 240
Urial, Afghan 230
Urial, Bukhara 230
Urial, Ladahk 230
Urial, Mouflon, 21
Urial, Punjab 230
Urial, Severtzov's 230
Urial, Transcaspian 230
Urocissa 58, 164
Urocyon 129
Urogale 8
Uroglaux 198
Vromys 27, 145
urophtalmus ericymba, Cichlasoma
236
urophthalmus, Acanthocobitis 132
Uropsilus 8
uropygialis, Zoslerops 162
Urosphena 161
urospinosus, Euastacus 96
uroslicta, Myrmotherula 46
urostrictus, Engaeus 96
Urothemis 209
URSIDAE 17, 129, 195, 224
ursina, Lichrmnthe 250
ursinii moldavica, Vipera 234
ursinii rakosiensis, Vipera 234
ursinii, Vipera 62
ursinus ursinus, Vombatus 219
ursinus, Ailurops 193
ursinus, Callorhinus 17
ursinus, Dendrolagus 193
ursinus, Melursus 18
ursinus, Paruromys 25
ursulae, Nectarinia 161
[/rjui 18, 129,224
urubambensis, Asthenes 155
usagarica msambaa, Gulella 240
usagarica satura, Gulella 240
usambarae, Charaxes 253
usambarae, Crocidura 7
usambarae, Uranothauma 252
usambarense, Atrichotoxon 215
usambarense, Ptychotrema 216
usambarensis, Thapsia 215
usambarensis, Edentulina 216
usambarensis, Gonaxis 216
usambarensis, Trochozonites 215
usambarica, Gulella 216
usambarica, Hypolysia 217
usambarica, Subulina 217
usdagalun, Lirceus 97
Ushimotsugo 246
usingeri, Pseudopsectra 254
ussheri, Scotopelia 42
ussuriensis, Murina 12
ustulata, Baetica 109
ustulata, Partulina 213
ustulatus, Bulimulus 126
Utabaenetes 108
utahensis, Chaetarthria 249
utahensis, Hydroporus 248
utahensis, Limnebius 249
utahensis, Physella 1 1 3
utahensis, Stagnicola 1 1 3
utahensis, Valvata 213
uvula, Gonospira 128
vae, Felovia 27
vagans, Conacmella 210
valachicus, Niphargus 90
Valencia 80
valeriae, Pristidactylus 199
valgum, Macrobaenetes 108
valida, Achatinella 1 88
validirostris, Lanius 157
validus, Dendrohyrax 19
valleculus, Hobbseus 94
Vallonia 175,217
VALLONIIDAE 128, 175, 217
valobushensis, Hobbseus 94
valsanicola, Romanichthys 84
Valvata, Utah 213
Va/vafa 119,213
VALVATIDAE 119,213
Vampyressa 11, 137
Vampyrum 137
vana, Lonchura 57
vancouverensis, Marmota 22
Vandeleuria 27
vanderbilti, Malacocincla 51
vanderhaegei, Phrynops 165
vandeuseni, Stenomys 27
Vanellus 37, 150, 180
Vanga, Bernier's 49
Vanga, Helmet 157
Vanga, Pollen's 49
Vanga, Van Dam's 49
VANGIDAE 49, 157
vanheumi, Melanotaenia 205
vanhyningi, Cincinnatia 115
vanuxemiana, Elimia 1 1 7
vanzoi, Cnemidophorus 61
vanzolinii, Alsodes 201
vanzolinii, Saimiri 15
Vaona 203
Vaquita 18
VARANIDAE 61, 243, 246
Varanus 61,243,246
vardarensis, Cobitis 203
vardoni, Kobus 131
Varecia 14,220
varia, Neotoma 25
varia, Partula 127
van'a, Tangara 163
Varia 83
variabilis, Oreochromis 85
variabilis, Partula 191
variabilis, Partulina 121
varians, Elimia 117
variata, Elimia 212
varicosa, Alasmidonta 209
varicosa, Alismodonta 255
variegata rubra, Varecia 220
variegata variegata, Varecia 220
variegata, Mesitomis 35
variegata, Mogumda 87
variegata, Nannoperca 82
variegata, Tryonia 212
variegata, Varecia 14
variegaticeps, Alcippe 49
variegatus, Dicranopselaphus 249
variegatus, Thaumatogryllus 108
variumbilicata, Rhysoconcha 123
varius, Caconemobius 108
varius, Fregilupus 182
vascoana, Deroceras 173
vasconica, Cryptazeca 174
vasta, Hyla 66
vaterifloris, Rasbora 132
vaughani, Acrocephalus 49
vaughani, Zosterops 162
vectensis, Nematostella 128
vegetus, Oligoryzomys 144
vejdorskyi, Arion 213
velascoi, Pyrenaearia 175
velata, Brazieria 111
velatus, Histiotus 138
velifer, Astatotilapia 84
vellerosus, Colobus 15
362
velox, Potamogale 5
velox, Vulpes 129
velozi, Plagiodonlia 179
venaticus, Speothos 16
venator, Prognathochromis 85
venatrix, Adelomyrma 99
Vendace 204
vendia, Plentusia 174
VENEROIDA 112, 133, 173, 244, 256
venezuelae, Neusticomys 25
venezuelanus, Phylloscartes 156
venezuelensis, Diglossa 54
Veniliornis 155
ventralis, Amazona 151
ventralis, Buleo 148
ventralis, Tadarida 139
venui, Le/o 252
venusta, Chloropsis 157
venujto, Glironia 3
venu^rHi, Telmatobufo 201
venustus, Thamnomys 242
vepreculae, Hemisaga 109
Verde, Bagre de Rio 75
Verde, Sardinita de Rio 72, 73
verecundus, Cyprinodon 80
verheyeni, Mastomys 144
Veritas, Milyeringa 206
vermeilipinnis, Scaturiginichthys 79
vermiculosa, Leiostyla 127
Vermivora 56, 163
vemalis, Archaeophylax 255
Vern<3>'a 27
vemayi, Dendromus 23
vemoni, Helenodiscus 189
veronicae, Cyprinodon 80
verreauxi coquereli, Propithecus 221
verreauxi coronatus, Propithecus 221
verreauxi deckeni, Propithecus 22 1
verreauxi verreauxi, Propithecus 221
verreauxi, Coua 152
verreauxi, Propithecus 14
verreauxii alpina, Litoria 235
verreauxii, Litoria 243
verrucosa, Eunicella 128
verrucosa, Lithasia 1 1 8
verrucosus, Sus 20
versa, Graplemys 156
verschureni, Malacomys 242
versicolor, Amazona 40
versicolor, Columba 180
versicolor, Ergaticus 163
versicolor, Geotrygon 151
versicolor, Mayrornis 51
vertebralis, Rana 243
verticalis, Prioniturus 41
verticomis, Epigomphus 107
VERTIGINIDAE 128, 133, 175, 192,217,
245
Vertigo 133, 175,217
vertreesi, Ceraclea 254
vertreesi, Ochrotrichia 254
verum, Pleurobema 1 1 2
verui, Procolobus 140
vervierii, Palacanthilhiopsis 116
vesontiana, Bythinella 173
Vespericola 215
Vespertilio 13
VESPERTILIONIDAE 11, 137, 177, 194,
245
VESPIDAE 251
vestitus, Phalanger 4
vestitus, Sphiggurus 28
veteranus, Cambarus 94
vetiprovidentiae, Poecilia 205
veru/a. Batistes 88
vetula, Muscipipra 156
vetulus, Dusicyon 195
vetulus, Pteropus 136
vetulus, Trachypithecus 15
vetusa, Leptaxis 125
vexillarius, Paraxerus 22
vexillifer, Lipotes 19
vicina, Meliphaga 199
Victaphanta \T1, 175
Victodrobia 117, 173
victori, Lepidochrysops 103
victoria, Acanthaeshna 105
victoria, Goura 39
victoriae, Lamprolia 51
victoriae, Paralabidochromis 85
victoriae, Ploceus 199
victoriae, Sitta 53
vicloriarm, Setobaudinia 174
victorianus, Harpagochromis 184
victor iensis, Victodrobia 173
vic'kus, Oligoryzomys 25
vicugna mensalis. Vicugna 226
vicugna vicugna, Vicugna lib
vicugna. Vicugna 130
Vicugna 130,226
Vicuna 130
Vi(ic/W 217
Vidumelon 122
Viejo, Meo 168
v/'gi/, Buceros 154
vignoniana, Achatina 213
viguieri, Dacnis 162
vilasboasi, Pipra 47
villaviscensio, Campylopterus 153
Villosa 256
villosa, Nesocryptias 251
villosa, Sitta 161
Vi7/o.sa 256
villosus, Chrysospalax 5
Vily 205
Vimfca 74
vinacea, Amazona 40
vinaceigula, Egretta 31
vincens, Dicaeum 161
vincenti, Chironius 61
vincenti, Paraxerus 22
vincta, Leiostyla 245
Vm< 41,42
vinogradovi, Dicrostonyx 23
vi>!5om', Nycteris 10
violacea, Lambis 212
Viper, Armenian 243
Viper, Cauca.sian 62
Viper, Cyclades Blunt-nosed 62
Viper, Latifi's 62
Viper, Orsini's 234
Viper, Transcaucasian Long-nosed246
Vipera 62, 234, 243, 246
VIPERIDAE 62, 200, 234, 243, 246
v/pi'o, Gr«5 36
Virata, Lagonosticta 163
virens, Valvata 119
virens, Xyrichtys 87
Vireo, Black-capped 56
Vireo, Blue Mountain 163
Vireo, Chocy4 56
Vireo, Dwarf 163
Vireo, Noronha 56
Vireo, San Andres 56
Vireo, Slaty 163
Vireo 56, 163
Vireolanius 163
VIREONIDAE 56, 163
virescens, Lampsilis 1 1 1
virgata, Leptoxis 1 1 8
virgala. Sterna 38
virgalus, Garrulax 159
virginianus clavium, Odocoileus 227
virginianus leucurus, Odocoileus 227
virginianus, Polygyriscus 215
virginiensis, Artogeia 253
Virgo, Rhinolophus 137
virgulata, Partulina 213
viridans, Achatinella 1 20
viridanum, Todirostrum 156
viride, Windbalea 109
viridicata, Pyrrhura 41
viridifacies, Erythrura 57
viridigenalis, Amazona 40
viridis, Aeshna 171
viridis, Androphobus 198
viridis, Bythinella 1 1 5
viridis, Cochoa 158
viridis, Elaphrus 98
viridis, Eunice 209
viridis, Heterocrossa 252
Viridonia 56, 181
visagiei, Chrysochloris 5
Visorbearer, Hooded 153
Visorbearer, Hyacinth 153
vitellina, Dendroica 163
vitellina, Geocrinia 67
vitellinus, Rheobatrachus 67
vitianus, Ogmodon 62
vitiensis, Brachylophus 59
vitiensis, Platymantis 67
vitrea, Paludinella 211
Virrea 128,217
VITRINIDAE 128, 175,245
Vitrinula 189
vi'na, Mogumda 87
vittata, Amazona 40
vittata, Lepidomeda 72
vittata, Leptoxis 118
vittata, Lerista 60
vittata, Partula 191
vittatus, Prognathochromis 185
vitulina mellonae, Phoca 224
vitulina stejnegeri, Phoca 242
Viverra 18
VIVERRIDAE 18, 195,224
viverrinus, Dasyurus 135
viverrinus, Prionailurus 140
vivesi, Myotis 13
vivipara pannonica, Lacerta 234
VIVIPARIDAE 119, 173,213
363
viviparus, Girardinichthys 80
Viviparus 173
vladykovi, Eudonlomyzon 167
vociferoides, Haliaeetus 33
voeltzkowi, Pteropus 10
VogelkopTree-kangaroo 193
volans goldmani, Glaucomys 245
volans guerreroensis, Glaucomys 245
volans oaxacensis, Glaucomys 245
volans, Cynocephalus 8
volans, Pteromys 142
Vole, Alexander Islands Long-tailed232
Vole, Alexander Islands Tundra232
Vole, Amak Tundra 232
Vole, Amargosa 232
Vole, Ash Meadows Monlane232
Vole, Balkan Snow 143
Vole, Bavarian 178
Vole, Beach 242
Vole, Big Horn Montane 232
Vole, Cabrera's 144
Vole, Chihuahua 245
Vole, Cody Mountain 232
Vole, Rorida Saltmarsh 232
Vole, Hall Island Insular 232
Vole, Hualapai 232
Vole, Insular 197
Vole, Labrador Rock 232
Vole, Mojave River 232
Vole, Montague Tundra 232
Vole, Mount Graham Long-tailed232
Vole, Pahranagat Valley Montane232
Vole, Potholes Meadow 232
Vole, Punuk Islands Tundra 232
Vole, Revillagigedo Island Red-backed
232
Vole, Root 144
Vole, San Bernardino Long-tailed232
Vole, Shumagin Islands Tundra 232
Vole, Snow 143
Vole, Southern Rock 232
Vole, Southern Water 143
Vole, St Lawrence Island Tundra 232
Vole, St Matthew Island Insular232
Vole, Stephen's California 232
Vole, Tatra 144
Vole, Triangle Island 233
Vole, Wakayama Red-backed 26
Vole, White-footed 197
Volemys 27, 145
volgensis, Slizostedion 206
volitans, Pegasus 205, 236
volutina, Slonemyia 185
Volvarina 213
VOMBATIDAE 4,219
Vombatus 219
voratus, Brolomys 178
Vormela 224
vortex, Oreohelix 126
vonicella, Ctenophila 124
vosmaeri, Cyllndraspis 182
vosseleri. Bubo 42
vosseleri, Gonaxis 216
vulcani, Mus 144
vulcanorum, Collocalia 43
vulcanorum, Sylvisorex 24!
vulgaris, Sciurus 142
vulnerata, Myzomela 162
vulpecula hyopoleucus, Trichosurus
219
Vulpes 129, 195
vulpina, Achatinella 120
vulpinus, Juscelinomys lA
Vulture, Cinereous 148
Vulture, Long-billed 148
Vulture, Red-headed 148
Vulture, White-rumped 148
waccamawensis, Elliptio 255
waccamensis, Fundulus 80
waddelli, Babax 158
wagneri, Catagonus 20
wagneri, Vipera 62
wahjui, Telmatherina 79
wahkeena, Nemours 254
wahnesi, Parotia 58
waianensis, Nesopupa 216
waigiuensis, Salvadorina 32
waimatense, Oligosoma 61
wakensis, Gallirallus 180
waldeni, Aceros 44
waldenii, Dicrurus 58
walla, Capra 21
walkeri, Gyrotoma 118
walkeri, Liolaemus 199
walkeri, Medionidus 1 1 1
walkeri, Nyctophilus 139
walkeri, Pleurocera 1 1 8
walkeri, Potamonectes 249
walkeriana, Helminthoglypta 125
Wallaby, Bridled Nailtail4
Wallaby, Crescent Nailtail 177
Wallaby, Parma 135
Wallaby, Tamar 220
Wallaby, Tammar 220
Wallaby, Toolache 177
Wallaby, Western Brush 135
wallacei, Megapodius 34
wallacei, Styloctenium 136
wallacii, Habroptila 36
wallacii, Semioptera 164
Wallaroo, Black 135
wallengrenii, Trimenia 104
walleri, Litocranius 131
wallichi, Catreus 34
wallicus, Pezoporus 242
Walrus, Laptev 224
waltoni, Elliptio 110
waltoni, Oreohelix 126
wanamensis, Glossolepis 78
wani, Streptostyla 215
Wapiti, Alashan 226
wapiti, Etheostoma 83
Warbler, Aquatic 49
Warbler, Bachman's 56
Warbler, Black-capped Rufous50
Warbler, Broad-billed 160
Warbler, Cape Verde 49
Warbler, Chatham Islands 159
Warbler, Colima 163
Warbler, Dja River 198
Warbler, Elfin-woods 163
Warbler, Golden-cheeked 55
Warbler, Grey-headed 55
Warbler, Grey-throated 163
Warbler, Kirtland's 55
Warbler, Mrs Moreau's52
Warbler, Papyrus Yellow 50
Warbler, Pink-headed 163
Warbler, Pirre 163
Warbler, Rand's 160
Warbler, Rodrigues 50
Warbler, Santa Marta 163
Warbler, Semper's 56
Warbler, Seychelles 50
Warbler, Shade 158
Warbler, Vitelline 163
Warbler, Whistling 55
Warbler, White-lored 163
Warbler, White-winged 56
Warbler, Yellow-vented 160
Warbler, Yemen 52
Warbling-finch, Cinereous 163
Warbling-finch, Plain-tailed55
Warbling-finch, Rufous-breasted55
wardi, Blarinella 136
wardi, Harpactes 44
wardi, Pseudobias 160
wardi, Psittacula 181
wardii, Zoothera 161
warnerensis, Catostomus 75
warreni, Diploglossus 164
Warthog, Cape 226
Warthog, Eritrean 226
Warthog, Somali 226
Wartyback, White 1 1 1
washingtoni, Spermophilus 22
Wasp, Antennal-waving 170
Wasp, Antioch Mutillid251
Wasp, Antioch Sphecid 251
Wasp, Bidecoratus Sphecid 251
Wasp, Brown Cross Sphecid 251
Wasp, Giffard's Sphecid 251
Wasp, Haleakala Sphecid 251
Wasp, Hawaiian Sphecid 251
Wasp, Kauai Sphecid 251
Wasp, Nihoa Eupelmus 251
Wasp, Nihoa Sclerodermus251
Wasp, Niihau Vespid 251
Wasp, Puna Sphecid 251
Wasp, Redheaded Sphecid 251
Wasp, Shade-winged Sphecid 251
Wasp, Short-foot Sphecid 251
Wasp, Soror Vespid 251
Water-rat, False 27
Water-redstart, Luzon 52
Waterbuck 130
Waterbuck, Defassa 229
Waterbuck, Ellipsen 229
waterhouseae, Beddomeia 1 15
watermayeri, Syngnathus 82
watersi, Sarothrura 37
waterstradti, Prioniturus 41
walkinsi, Incaspiza 162
watt a, Vidumelon 122
Wattle-eye, Banded 52
Wattle-eye, White-fronted 160
wattsi, Maxomys 24
wattsi, Pipistrellus 139
watuliki, Aethiothemis 208
wawona, Atractelmis 249
wawrai, Belgrandiella 115
Waxbill, Anambra 57
Waxbill, Black-lored 57
364
Waxbill, Cinderella 163
Waxwing, Japanese 157
Weasel, Back-striped 17
Weasel, Colombian 17
Weasel, Indonesian Mountain 17
Weasel, Tropical 195
Weatherfish 168
Weaver, Asian Golden 164
Weaver, Bannerman's 57
Weaver, Bates's 57
Weaver, Black-chinned 57
Weaver, Clarke's 57
Weaver, Entebbe 199
Weaver, Fox's 164
Weaver, Golden-naped 57
Weaver, Kilombero 57
Weaver, Lake Lufira 57
Weaver, Loango 57
Weaver, Tanzanian Mountain 57
Weaver, Yellow 57
Weaver, Yellow-legged 57
webbi, Eliurus 143
webbiana, Lampadia 125
weberi, Dermogenys 81
weberi. Prose iurillus 142
Weberogobius 87
Weevil, Antioch Dune 248
Weevil, Blackburn's 185
Weevil, Brown-tassel 248
Weevil, Coxella 248
Weevil, Dorothy's El Segundo Dune248
Weevil, Doyen's Dune 248
Weevil, Flax 248
Weevil, Fort Ross 185
Weevil, Gifford's 248
Weevil, Kauai 248
Weevil, Knobbled 248
Weevil, Lange's El Segundo Dune248
Weevil, Lichen 98
Weevil, Munro's 248
Weevil, Nelson's 248
Weevil, Nihoa 248
Weevil, Oahu Nesiotes 248
Weevil, Obscure 248
Weevil, Rulien's 248
Weevil, Stephen's Island 248
Weevil, Turbott's 248
Weevil, Wellington Speargrass248
Weevil, Yorba Linda 185
wegneri, Parantica 104
weiskei thalassina, Paratica 237
weiskei, Parantica 244
Weka 149
wekiwae, Cincinnatia 115
welaka, Notropis IQil
welcommei, Allochromis 84
wellardi, Branchinella 91
wellekensae, Phyllodiaplomus 92
wellsi, Leptotila 39
wengerorum, Stygobromus 90
wemeri, Achalinus 61
wemeri, Iguanognathus 61
Wesley ana, Nesopupa 216
wesselensis, Cristigibba 214
westertrmnni, Elachistodon 200
westlandica, Procellaria 30
Westraltrachia 122, 123
Westralunio 110
Westriplectes 255
westwoodi, Colophon 99
Weta, Banks Peninsula 254
Weta, Herekopare Island 254
Weta, Kaikoura 209
Weta, Mahoenui Giant 254
Weta, Nelson Alpine 254
Weta, Poor Knights 108
Weta, Stephens Island 109
Weta, Tusked 254
Wetapunga 108
wetmorei, Buthraupis 54
wetmorei, Rallus 37
Wetmorethraupis 55
wewalkai, Deronectes 248
weymeri, Papilio 244
weynsi, Cephalophus 141
Whale, Andrews' Beaked 196
Whale, Arnoux's Beaked 130
Whale, Baird's Beaked 130
Whale, Blainville's Beaked 196
Whale, Blue 18,225
Whale, Bowhead 129, 224, 225
Whale, Bryde's 195
Whale, Cuvier's Beaked 197
Whale, Dwarf Sperm 242
Whale, False Killer 242
Whale, Fin 18
Whale, Gervais' Beaked 196
Whale, Ginkgo-toothed Beaked 196
Whale, Gray 129, 225
Whale, Gray's Beaked 196
Whale, Hector's Beaked 196
Whale, Hubbs' Beaked 196
Whale, Humpback 18
Whale, Indo-Pacific Beaked 196
Whale, Killer 129
Whale, Lesser Beaked 196
Whale, Long-finned Pilot 242
Whale, Melon-headed 242
Whale, Minke 141
Whale, Northern Bottlenose 130
Whale, Northern Right 18, 225
Whale, Pygmy Blue 225
Whale, Pygmy Killer 195
Whale, Pygmy Right 242
Whale, Pygmy Sperm 242
Whale, Sei 18
Whale, Shepherd's Beaked 197
Whale, Short-finned Pilot 129
Whale, Southern Bottlenose 130
Whale, Southern Minke 129
Whale, Southern Right 129
Whale, Sowerby's Beaked 196
Whale, Sperm 18
Whale, Stejneger's Beaked 196
Whale, Strap-toothed 196
Whale, True's Beaked 196
Whale, White 18
whartoni, Ducula 39
wharloni, Sphaerospira 174
wheeleh, Arkansia 110
wheeleri, Somatogyrus 212
Whipbird, Papuan 198
Whipbird, Western 52
Whiptail, Orange-throated 200
Whiptail, St Lucia 61
Whistler, Fawn-breasted 160
Whistler, Hooded 159
Whistler, Red-lored 132
Whistler, Tongan 159
Whistler, Vogelkop 160
Whistling-duck, West lndian32
Whistling-thrush, Malayan 159
Whistling-thrush, Sri Lanka 51
whitakeri, Cyclodina 60
White, West Virginia 253
White-eye, Ambon Yellow 162
White-eye, Annobon 54
White-eye, Biak 162
White-eye, Christmas Island 162
White-eye, Crested 161
White-eye, Faichuk 53
White-eye, Ghizo 54
White-eye, Giant 161
White-eye, Golden 53
White-eye, Golden-bellied 162
White-eye, Javan 161
White-eye, Kulal 54
White-eye, Lemon-throated 161
White-eye, Long-billed 161
White-eye, Lord Howe Island 54
White-eye, Mauritius Olive 54
White-eye, Mount Karthala54
White-eye, Nendo 242
White-eye, Pale-bellied 161
White-eye, Pearl-bellied 161
White-eye, Pemba 162
White-eye, Plain 162
White-eye, Rennell 162
White-eye, Robust 181
White-eye, Rota 54
White-eye, Rufous-throated 53
White-eye, Saipan Bridled 162
White-eye, Samoan 54
White-eye, Sanford's 161
White-eye, Sao Tome 54
White-eye, Seychelles 54
White-eye, Slender-billed54
White-eye, South Pare 54
White-eye, Spot-breasted 161
White-eye, Taita 54
White-eye, White-chested 53
White-eye, White-throated 199
White-eye, Yap Olive 54
Whiteface, Chestnut-breasted 50
Whitefish, Acadian 77
Whitefish, Bottom 204
Whitefish, Cape 71
Whitefish, Large Bottom 204
Whitefish, Northern 204
Whitefish, Opeongo 247
Whitefish, Squanga 247
whiteheadi, Chrotomys 23
whiteheadi, Collocalia 43
whiteheadi, Sitta 161
whiteheadi, Stachyris 160
whiteheadi, Urocissa 164
whitei. Colophon 99
whitei, Ditropis 114
whitei. Hippocampus 82
whitei, llydon 80
whiteleggei, Hemistoma 1 1 6
whitelyi, Caprimulgus 153
Whitestart, Guaiquinima56
Whitestart, Paria 56
365
Whitestart, White-faced 163
whitleyi, Bothriembryon 121
whitneyi, Megalurulus 159
whitneyi, Pomarea 52
whittenorum, Lentipes 87
widdowsoni, Typhlogarra 74
Widowbird, Jackson's 164
wiedii, Leopardus 241
wienerwaldensis, Hauffenia 1 1 6
wiesti. Euproserpinus 105
wigginsi, Calostomus 75
wiktori, Malacolimax 175
Wildbeest. Cookson's 228
Wildcat, Scottish 223
Wildebeest, Black 130
Wildebeest, Blue 228
Wildebeest, Blue & White-bearded 130
Wildebeest, Eastern White-bearded228
Wildebeest, Nyassa 228
Wildebeest. Western White-bearded228
Wilfredomys 242
wilhelmina, Antechinus 193
wilhelmina, Paraleplomys 25
wilkawillina umbilicata, Glyptorhagada
239
wilkensi, Mexistenasellus 97
wilkesiella, Phildoria 252
wilkinsi, Nesospiza 55
willardi obscurus, Crotalus 246
williami, Cambarus 94
williamsi, Kimminsoperla ISA
williamsi, Mirafra 157
Williamsonia 106
williamsoniana, Aeshna 106
willkommii, Chondrostoma lAli
wilmolensis, Beddomeia 1 1 5
wilpita, Rasbora 74
wilsoni perkinsi, Celerio 254
wilsoni, Epixerus 142
wilsoni, Hadra 122
wilsoni, Hemignalhus 56
wilsoni, Palaina 211
wilsoni, Palaua 215
wimmeri, Crocidura 7
winchelli, Todirhamphus 44
Windbalea 109
winifredae, Scepomycter 52
winifredae, Zosterops 54
winkelmanni, Peromyscus 144
winneckeana, Semotrachia 174
wiatfoni, Hylopeles 22
winterae, Myrmica 101
wintoni, Cryptochloris 5
wintoni, Laephotis 138
Wireae, Beddomeia 1 1 5
wwse/cnjii, Oxyeleotris 206
Wolf, Ethiopian 16
Wolf, Falklands 177
Wolf, Grey 223, 241
Wolf, Maned 140
Wolf, Red 16
wolffsohni, Lagidium 145
wo//i, Aramides 36
wo//(, Bulimulus 126
wollastoni, Hipposideros 137
wollastoni, Leptaxis 125
wollerecki, Paratherina 78
Wolverine 17
Woma 61
Wombat, Common 219
Wombat, Northern Hairy-nosed4
Womersleymeria 250
Wood-owl, Sichuan 42
Wood-partridge, Bearded 34
Wood-partridge, Long-tailed 149
Wood-pigeon, Andaman 151
Wood-pigeon, Japanese 151
Wood-pigeon, Nilgiri 151
Wood-pigeon, Silvery 38
Wood-pigeon, Sri Lanka 38
Wood-quail, Black-breasted 149
Wood-quail, Black-fronted 149
Wood-quail, Chestnut 149
Wood-quail, Dark-backed 149
Wood-quail, Gorgeted 35
Wood-quail, Tacarcuna 149
Wood-quail, Venezuelan 149
Wood-rail, Brown 36
Wood-wren, Bar-winged 158
Woodcock, Amami 38
Woodcock, Moluccan 38
Woodcock, Sulawesi 150
Woodcreeper, Moustached45
woodfordi, Corvus 164
woodfordi, Nesoclopeus 36
Woodfordia 161
woodi, Nycteris 136
woodi, Trichastoma 53
Woodnymph, Mexican 44
Woodpecker, Andaman 154
Woodpecker, Arabian 154
Woodpecker, Black-bodied 154
Woodpecker, Choco 155
Woodpecker, Ground 154
Woodpecker, Guadeloupe 155
Woodpecker, Helmeted 45
Woodpecker, Imperial 44
Woodpecker, Ivory-billed 181
Woodpecker, Knysna 154
Woodpecker, Okinawa 45
Woodpecker, Red-cockaded45
Woodpecker, Red-collared 45
Woodpecker, Stierling's 154
Woodpecker, White-winged 154
Woodpecker, Yellow-browed 155
Woodrat, Allegheny 144
Woodrat, Anthony's 25
Woodrat, Bunker's 25
Woodrat, Key Largo 233
Woodrat, Monterey Dusky-footed233
Woodrat, San Diego Desert 233
Woodrat, San Francisco Dusky-footed
233
Woodrat, San Joaquin Valley 233
Woodrat, San Martin Island 25
woodruffi, Ataenius 250
Woodstar, Chilean 43
Woodstar, Esmeraldas 43
Woodstar, Little 43
Woodstar, Magenta-throated 153
woodwardi, Amytomis 158
Woolly Flying Squirrel 22
woosnami, Zelotomys 242
woottoni, Streptocephalus 91
worcesteri, Tumix 35
Worm, Palolo 209
Worm-lizard, Flinders Ranges 165
Worm-lizard, Hermite Island234
Worm-skink, Long-legged 60
wortheni, Spizella 55
worthingtoni. Harpagochromis 85
worthingtoni, Prognathochromis 85
worthingtoni, Tropodiaptomus 207
Woundfin 73
Woylie 129,219
Wrasse, Humphead 87
Wrayanna 210
Wren, Apolinar's 49
Wren, Bush 181
Wren, ClariMn 49
Wren, Cobb's 49
Wren, Nava's 49
Wren, Niceforo's 49
Wren, Socorro 158
Wren, South Island Rock 157
Wren, Stephens Island 181
Wren, Sumichrast's49
Wren, Zapata 49
Wren-babbler, Bornean 160
Wren-babbler, Falcated 52
Wren-babbler, Large 159
Wren-babbler, Long-billed 160
Wren-babbler, Marbled 159
Wren-babbler, Nepal 160
Wren-babbler, Rabor'sSl
Wren-babbler, Rufous-throated52
Wren-babbler, Rusty-throated52
Wren-babbler, Spotted 160
Wren-babbler, Striated 160
Wren-babbler, Tawny-breasted52
Wren-babbler, Wedge-billed 160
Wren-spinetail, Bay-capped 155
wrightae, Rheocles 78
wrighti, Orconectes 94
wrightiana, Alasmidonta 1 10
wroughtoni, Otomops 13
Wrybill 37
wumizusume, Synthliboramphus 38
wykehami, Lepidochrysops 103
wykehami, Poecilmitis 103
Wyulda 135
wyvilliana. Anas 32
xanthicara, Cyprinella 72
xanthipes, Trogopterus 22
xantholaema, Serinus 57
xantholaemus, Pycnonotus 157
xanthomelas, Megalagrion 106
xanthomus, Agelaius 56
Xanthomyza 54
xanthonotus. Indicator 154
xanthonura, Gallicolumba 151
xanthophrys, Crossleyia 50
xanthophrys, Pseudonestor 56
xanthops, Amazona 40
xanthops, Forpus 40
xanthopterus, Takifiigu 207
xanthopus celeris, Petrogale 220
xanthopus xanthopus, Petrogale 220
xanthopus, Petrogale 135
xanthosternos, Cebus 15
Xantholis 162
xanlippe, Crocidura 7
Xantusia
366
61
XANTUSIIDAE 61
xederoides. Throscodectes 109
XENARTHRA 5, 136, 193
Xenerpesles 155
XENICIDAE 157, 181
Xenicus 157, 181
Xenocalamus 200
Xenocopsychus 161
Xenodacnis 163
xenodactylus, Leptopelis 66
Xenodiscula 216
Xenoglaux 153
Xenoligea 56
Xenomys 145
Xenoophorus 80
Xenoperdix 35
Xenopirostris 49
Xenopoecilus 81
Xenops, Great 45
xenopterus, Laterallus 36
Xenopus 67
Xenomis 46
xeno5, Strumigenys 102
Xenospingus 55
Xenospiza 55
xenostoma, Prognathochromis 185
xenothorax, Leptasthenura 45
Xenolriccus 156
Xenuromys 145
Xerarionta 125
xerces, Glaucopsyche 186
Xeromys 27
xerophila, Marmosa 3
Xerosecta 175
xiangxensis, Triplophysa 75
xiphares desmondi, Charaxes 253
xiphares xiphares, Charaxes 253
Xiphias 207, 236
xiphidium, Palaina 211
XIPHIIDAE 207, 236
Xiphirhynchus 161
Xiphocolaptes 45
Xipholena 46
Xiphophorus 80, 205
xiphos, Throscodectes 109
XIPHOSURA 171,209
Xolmis 156
xyleborus, Semperdon 214
Xylotoles 185
xynoelictum, Aphaostracon 114
Xyrauchen 75
Xyrichtys 87
Xystichromis 86, 185
yaguarondi cacomitli, Herpailurus 223
Yak, Wild 20
yaleogyna, Kyidris 100
yammerana, Kimboraga Ml
yanacensis, Leptasthenura 155
yanoshigehumii, Chamalychaeus 213
Yaqui, Bagre de 75
Yaqui, Trucha de 247
yarkandensis, Lepus 146
yarrellii, Carduelis 56
yarrellii, Eulidia 43
yatesii, Ammonitella 126
yayeyamensis, Asiagomphus 107
>iavc>'ame/ii(j, Leptogomphus 107
Yellow-blossom 255
Yellow-finch, Citron-headed 163
Yeilowbrow, Madagascar 50
Yellowfish, Clanwilliam 71
Yellowfish, Largemouth 71
Yellowhead 51
Yellowthroat, Altamira 163
Yellowthroat, Belding's55
Yellowthroat, Black-polled 56
yemanjae, Attheyella 132
yerelinana, Lacustrelix 173
yersini, Garrutax 50
j'eroenjM, Myotis 13
yessabahensis, Coenocharopa 214
ywjoenj/i, Ember iza 162
yigara, Euastacus 96
yildizae, The star 104
yilongensis. Cyprinus 183
yinnietharra, Ctenophorus 59
ylikiensis, Rutilus 203
yniphora, Geochelone 65
yorbalindae, Trigonoscuta 185
yosemitensis yosemitensis, Monadenia
239
yoshiwarana, Ogasawarana 112
youngi, Peltotrupes 250
youngi, Sinployea 190
yo'ingineri, Distocambarus 94
ypiranganus, Emberizoides 162
Ypthima 254
Yssichromis 86, 185
Yuhina, Burmese 161
/w/ima 161
yunanensis, Rhinolophus 137
yunnanensis, Cuora 200
yunnanensis, Sitta 53
yunnanensis, Tor 74
Yunnanilus 75
ywivonoi, Geoemyda 200
zabelini, Chalepoxenus 100
zacatecae, Reithrodontomys 145
Zaedyus 193
Zaglossus 3
Zaharensis, Trochoidea 126
Zaisanicus, Harapgoxenus 100
Zaitzeva 249
Zaleskyi, Epimyrma 100
Zalophus 224
zamicrus, Nesophontes 177
zammaranoi, Uegitglanis 76
zanandreai, Lethenteron 69
Zander, Volga 206
zanzibaricus, Galago 139
zapahuirensis, Telmatobius 201
zapallarensis, Liolaemus 199
zappeyi, Paradoxornis 51
Zaprochilus 109
Zapu.5 232, 242
zaratei, Helicella 174
Zaratornis 47
zarhynchus, Peromyscus 26
zarudnyi, Meriones 25
zaslictus, Ctenotus 60
Zavattariomis 58
zealandicus, Cyanoramphus 181
zeira zebra, Equus 225
Zebra, Cape Mountain 225
zefera, Cephalophus 21
zebra, Equus 19
Zebra, Grevy's 19
Zebra, Mountain 19
zefcra, Perdicella 188
zebratus, Galaxias 168
Zebrilus 147
zebrina, Eua \TI
zebrina, Mautodontha 190
zebrina, Perdicella 188
zebroides, Conus 120
zcc/!i, Cryptomys 145
zeehanensis, Beddomeia 1 1 5
zeidleri, Calamoecia 91
zeidleri, Fonscochlea 173
zeidlerorum, Jardinella 1 1 6
zelandica, Aplonis 164
zelichi, Sporophila 55
Zelotomys 242
Zelotypia 252
Zermcrhopterus 243
Zenaida 180
Zenarchopterus 205
Zenitanago, Suigen 236
zenithicus, Coregonus 77
Zenkerella 145
zenkeri, Idiurus 145
zerda, Fennecus 195
zeregiifahirae, Phoxinellus 236
zeregii meandri, Phoxinellus 236
zeregii, Phoxinellus 168
zerene behrensii, Speyeria 253
zerene hippolyta, Speyeria 253
zerene myrtleae, Speyeria 253
zetides, Battus 105
zeylanicus, Pycnonotus 48
zeylanicus, Suncus 8
z/!OU(, Cuora 200
zibellina brachyura, Martes 224
zibethicus ripensis, Orulatra 233
ziczac, Agarodes 255
Ziege 202
ziegleri, Chilostoma 215
zigzac ponapense, Pleuropoma 238
zigzac zigzac, Pleuropoma 238
Zilchogyra 125
zimmeri, Crocidura 7
zimmeri, Synallaxis 45
zimmermanni, Crocidura 1
Zingel 84
zingel, Zingel 84
Zinge/ 84
Zingis 125
zinseri, Pappogeomys 142
zionis, Physella 1 1 3
ZIPHIIDAE 130, 196
ZipftiUi 197
zoe, Paraphlebia 107
Zona 78, 183,204,205
zonata, Spekia 1 1 9
zonatus, Bostrichthys 206
Zonerodius 147
zongolicensis, Rhamdia 76
Zonites 175
ZONITIDAE 128, 175,217
Zonitoides 128
367
Zonocypretla 97 Zorro, Sechuran 195 zujarensis, Helicella 174
Zoothera 53. 161, 181, 199, 242 Zorro, Small-eared 195 zuliae, Phrynops 62
zophonastes, Cambarus 94 zoserka, Cardiocondyla 100 zullichi, Agriades 102
Zoraena Wf, Zospeum 113 zuluensis, Streptocephalus 9\
ZORAPTERA 255 zosterae, Hippocampus 82 zusii, Heliangelus 43
Zoroapteran, Swezey's 255 Zosterisessor 207 ZYGAENIDAE 187
ZOROTYPIDAE 255 ZOSTEROPIDAE 53, 161, 181, 199, 242 Zygogeomys 23
Zorotypus 255 Zosterops 53, 54, 161, 162, 181, 199. 242 zyli. Crypiochloris 5
Zorro, Grey 241 Zubovskia 108 Zyzomvs ^7
Zorro, Hoary 195
368
Annex 1
Key to Source Codes
The superscript numbers printed next to the status cate-
gory (or next to the species name in the case of Lists 2,
3 and 5, which each contain species in a single category)
refer to the person or group responsible for the final cat-
egory designation. The sources are listed below. Most
assessments have been made by members or associates
of an lUCN/SSC Specialist Group (the identity of which
will usually be clear from the taxonomic context). The
list cites one individual in cases where the assessment has
explicitly been carried out largely or entirely by one per-
son (rarely up to three persons are named), or cites the
Specialist Group title where the assessment has explicitly
been a group activity. The personnel involved in that
group can be determined from the current Membership
Directory.
In many cases, while not being responsible for the sta-
tus category assessment, other individuals or organiza-
tions have contributed key information on status, trends,
taxonomy or distribution. We have attempted to specify
all of these in the acknowledgements section. Much tax-
onomic and distribution information has been derived
from the WCMC animals database, to which many
sources have contributed over many years.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Acero, A.
African Elephant Specialist Group
African Rhino Specialist Group
Alberts, A. & Perera. A.
Allen, G.
Alonso, R. & Ibanez, M.
American Fisheries Society Endangered
Species Committee
Amori, G.
Antelope Specialist Group
Asian Elephant Specialist Group
Asian Rhino Specialist Group
Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group
Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme
Specialist Group
Australasian Reptile & Amphibian
Specialist Group
Baillie, J.
Beaman, K.R.
Bear Specialist Group
Bellamy, C.L. & Endrody-Younga, S.
Benzie, J.
Bills, R.
BirdLife International
Bison Specialist Group
23
Blair. D.
24
Bogan, A.E.
25
Bogan, A.E. & Seddon, M.B.
26
Bouchet, P.
27
Bouchet. P. & Cosel, R. von
28
Bouchet, P. & Ripken, T.
29
Bouchet, P. & Seddon, M.B.
30
Branch. W.R.
31
Breuil, M.
32
Breuil. M. & Day, M.
33
Brown, D.S.
34
Brown, D.S. & Griffiths, 0.
35
Bruce, B. & Last. P.
36
Canid Specialist Group
37
Caprinae Specialist Group
38
Carrington, C.M.S., Evans, G. & Horrocks, J.
39
Carter, R.L. & Hayes. W.K.
40
Cat Specialist Group
41
Cetacean Specialist Group
42
Chiroptera Specialist Group
43
Clark, D.
44
Clark, D. & Naggs, F.
45
Cole, G.
46
Compagno. L.
47
Compagno, L. & Cook, S.
48
Contreras, L.
49
Contreras-Balderas, S. & Almada-Villela, P.
50
Conyers, J. & Wingate. D.
51
Cook, S. & Zorzi, G.
52
Cowie, R.H. & Pokryseko, B.
53
Cowie, R.H.
54
Crandall, K.A.
55
Crocodile Specialist Group
56
Davis, G.S.
57
Day, M.
58
Day, M. & Tolson, P.
59
Deer Specialist Group
60
Dutton, J.
61
Edentate Specialist Group
62
Eldredge, L.G.
63
Emberton, K.C.
64
Equid Specialist Group
65
European Reptile & Amphibian
Specialist Group
66
Finet, Y
67
Foster, G.
68
Fowler, S.
69
Fowler, S. & Musick , J.
70
Frias-Martin, A.
71
Gasgoigne, A.
72
George, S.
Annex 1
73
Gerber, G.
130
Pangolin Specialist Group
74
Gibson, R.
131
Pearce-Kelly, P.
75
Gimenez-Dixon, M.
132
Pearson, O.
76
Goodyear, N.
133
Perez. A.M.
77
Griffiths, H.I.
134
Pethiyagoda, R.
78
Griffiths. 0.
135
Pigs & Peccaries Specialist Group
79
Haase, M.
136
Polar Bear Specialist Group
80
Haddad. C.F.B.
137
Ponder, W.F. & Varman, R.
81
Hadfield, M. & Hadway, L.
138
Ponder, W.F.
82
Hafner, D.
139
Ponder. W.F. & Slack-Smith, S.
83
Hamer, M.
140
Ponder. W.F. & Smith, B,
84
Hare. J.
141
Ponder, W.F. & Stanisic, J
85
Harrison, D.
142
Preece, R.C.
86
Heaney, L.
143
Primate Specialist Group
87
Heller, J.
144
Punt, A.
88
Henderson. R.
145
Reid, J.W.
89
Hippo Specialist Group
146
Rentz. D.C.F.
90
Hounsome. M.
147
Roberts. C.
91
Huntsman, G.
148
Rodent Specialist Group
92
Hyaena Specialist Group
149
Roth. B.
93
Hyrax Specialist Group
150
Sadovy. Y.
94
Ihffe, T.M.
151
Safina. C.
95
Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group
152
Schembri. P.J.
96
Insectivore Specialist Group
153
Seal Specialist Group
97
Kaufman, L.
154
Seddon. M.B.
98
Kessner, V.
155
Seddon, M.B. & Solem. A.
99
Kessner. V. & Ponder, W.F.
156
Sherley, G.
100
Kilbum, R.N.
157
Sirenia Specialist Group
101
Kottelat, M.
158
Skelton, P.
102
Kurczewski, F.E.
159
Sket, B.
103
Kuzmin, S.L.
160
Slack-Smith, S.
104
Lagomorph Specialist Group
161
Smith, B.
105
Lepidoptera Specialist Group
162
Sobel, J.
106
Madagascar Reptile & Amphibian
163
Social Insects Specialist Group
Specialist Group
164
South American Camelid Specialist Group
107
Maeda-Martinez, A.M.
165
Stanisic, J.
108
Mansur. M.C.D.
166
Starmiihlner, F.
109
Marine Turtle Specialist Group
167
Steffek, J.
110
Markezich, A.L.
168
Stiassny, M.
HI
McAllister, D.
169
Straeten, E. van der
112
McCance, E.
170
Sturgeon Specialist Group
113
McDowall, R.M. & Simons, M.
171
Tapir Specialist Group
114
Mitchell. J.
172
Tattersfield, P.
115
Mollusc Specialist Group
173
Tchabovsky, A.
116
Musick, J.
174
Tolson, P.
117
Mustelid Specialist Group
175
Tomiyama, K.
118
Mylonas, M.
176
Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group
119
Mylonas, M. & Seddon, M.B.
177
Uozumi, Y.
120
Nellis, D.
178
Vincent, A.
121
New Worid Marsupial Specialist Group
179
Wager, R.
122
New, T.R.
180
Wai, H.
123
Odonata Specialist Group
181
Wells, S.
124
Odum. R.A.
182
Wiewandt, T.
125
Orthopteroid Specialist Group
183
Winter, A. J. de
126
Ottenwalder, J.
184
Wolf Specialist Group
127
Otter Specialist Group
185
World Conservation Monitoring Centre
128
Palazzi, S.
186
Wuster, W.
129
Palazzi, S. & Ripken, T.
999
source unknown
Annex 2
Annex 2
The lUCN Red List Categories
Preamble
The following points present important information on
the use and interpretation of the categories (= Critically
Endangered, Endangered, etc.), criteria (= A to E), and
sub-criteria (= a, b etc., i, ii etc.):
1 . Taxonomic Level and Scope
of the Categorization Process
The criteria can be applied to any taxonomic unit at or
below the species level. The term "taxon" in the follow-
ing notes, definitions and criteria is used for convenience,
and may represent species or lower taxonomic levels,
including forms that are not yet formally described.
There is a sufficient range among the different criteria to
enable the appropriate listing of taxa from the complete
taxonomic spectrum, with the exception of micro-organ-
isms. The criteria may also be applied within any speci-
fied geographical or political area although in such cases
special notice should be taken of point 1 1 below. In pre-
senting the results of applying the criteria, the taxonomic
unit and area under consideration should be made
explicit. The categorization process should only be
applied to wUd populations inside their natural range, and
to populations resulting from benign introductions
(defined in the draft lUCN Guidelines for Reintro-
ductions as "..an attempt to establish a species, for the
purpose of conservation, outside its recorded distribution,
but within an appropriate habitat and eco-geographical
area").
2. Nature of the Categories
All taxa listed as Critically Endangered qualify for
Vulnerable and Endangered, and all listed as Endangered
qualify for Vulnerable. Together these categories are
described as "threatened". The threatened species cate-
gories form a part of the overall scheme. It will be pos-
sible to place all taxa into one of the categories (see
Figure 1).
3. Role of the Different Criteria
For lisring as Critically Endangered, Endangered or
Vulnerable there is a range of quantitative criteria; meet-
ing any one of these criteria qualifies a taxon for listing at
that level of threat. Each species should be evaluated
against all the criteria. The different criteria (A-E) are
derived from a wide review aimed at detecting risk fac-
tors across the broad range of organisms and the diverse
life histories they exhibit. Even though some criteria will
be inappropriate for certain taxa(some taxa will never
qualify under these however close to extinction they
come), there should be criteria appropriate for assessing
threat levels for any taxon (other than micro-organisms).
The relevant factor is whether any one criterion is met,
not whether all are appropriate or all are met. Because it
will never be clear which criteria are appropriate for a
particular species in advance, each species should be
evaluated against all the criteria, and any criterion met
should be hsted.
4. Derivation of Quantitative Criteria
The quantitative values presented in the various criteria
associated with threatened categories were developed
through wide consultation and they are set at what are
generally judged to be appropriate levels, even if no for-
mal justification for these values exists. The levels for
different criteria within categories were set independently
but against a common standard. Some broad consistency
between them was sought. However, a given taxon
should not be expected to meet all criteria (A-E) in a cat-
egory; meeting any one criterion is sufficient for listing.
5. Implications of Listing
Listing in the categories of Not Evaluated and Data
Deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk
has been made, though for different reasons. Until such
time as an assessment is made, species listed in these cat-
egories should not be treated as if they were non-threat-
ened, and it may be appropriate (especially for Data
Deficient forms) to give them the same degree of pro-
tection as threatened taxa, at least until their status can
be evaluated.
Extinction is assumed here to be a chance process. Thus,
a listing in a higher extinction risk category implies a
higher expectation of extinction, and over the time-
frames specified more taxa listed in a higher category
are expected to go extinct than in a lower one (without
effective conservation action). However, the persistence
of some taxa in high risk categories does not necessarily
mean their initial assessment was inaccurate.
Annex 3
-(Evaluated) —
_ (Adequate _
data)
- (Ttireatened) -
-Extinct
-Extinct in the Wild
-Critically Endangered
-Endangered
-Vulnerable
-Lower Risk -
Conservation
Dependent
-Near Threatened
- Least Concern
-Data Deficient
-Not Evaluated
Figure 1 . Structure of the Categories.
6. Data Quality and the Importance
of Inference and Projection
The criteria are clearly quantitative in nature. However,
the absence of high quality data should not deter attempts
at applying the criteria, as methods involving estima-
tion, inference and projection are emphasized to be
acceptable throughout. Inference and projection may be
based on extrapolation of current or potential threats into
the future (including their rate of change), or of factors
related to population abundance or distribution (includ-
ing dependence on other taxa), so long as these can rea-
sonably be supported. Suspected or inferred patterns in
either the recent past, present or near future can be based
on any of a series of related factors, and these factors
should be specified.
Taxa at risk from threats posed by future events of low
probability but with severe consequences (catastrophes)
should be identified by the criteria (e.g. small distribu-
tions, few locations). Some threats need to be identified
particularly early, and appropriate actions taken, because
their effects are irreversible, or nearly so (pathogens,
invasive organisms, hybridization).
7. Uncertainty
The criteria should be applied on the basis of the avail-
able evidence on taxon numbers, trend and distribution,
making due allowance for statistical and other uncertain-
ties. Given that data are rarely available for the whole
range or population of a taxon, it may often be appropri-
ate to use the information that is available to make intel-
ligent inferences about the overall status of the taxon in
question. In cases where a wide variation in estimates is
found, it is legitimate to apply the precautionary principle
and use the estimate (providing it is credible) that leads
to listing in the category of highest risk.
Where data are insufficient to assign a category (includ-
ing Lower Risk), the category of "Data Deficient" may
be assigned. However, it is important to recognize that
this category indicates that data are inadequate to deter-
mine the degree of threat faced by a taxon, not necessarily
that the taxon is poorly known. In cases where there are
evident threats to a taxon through, for example, deterio-
ration of its only known habitat, it is important to attempt
threatened listing, even though there may be little direct
information on the biological status of the taxon itself.
The category "Data Deficient" is not a threatened cate-
gory, although it indicates a need to obtain more infor-
mation on a taxon to determine the appropriate listing.
8. Conservation Actions in the Listing Process
The criteria for the threatened categories are to be applied
to a taxon whatever the level of conservation action
affecting it. In cases where it is only conservation action
that prevents the taxon from meeting the threatened cri-
Annex 4
teria, the designation of "conservation dependent" is
appropriate. It is important to emphasize here that a
taxon require conservation action even if it is not listed as
threatened.
9. Documentation
All taxon lists including categorization resulting from
these criteria should state the criteria and sub-criteria that
were met. No listing can be accepted as valid unless at
least one criterion is given. If more than one criterion or
sub-criterion was met, then each should be listed.
However, failure to mention a criterion should not nec-
essarily imply that it was not met. Therefore, if a re-eval-
uation indicates that the documented criterion is no
longer met, this should not result in automatic down-list-
ing. Instead, the taxon should be re-evaluated with
respect to all criteria to indicate its status. The factors
responsible for triggering the criteria, especially where
inference and projection are used, should at least be
logged by the evaluator, even if they cannot be included
in published lists.
10. Threats and Priorities
The category of threat is not necessarily sufficient to
determine priorities for conservation action. The category
of threat simply provides an assessment of the likelihood
of extinction under current circumstances, whereas a sys-
tem for assessing priorities for action will include numer-
ous other factors concerning conservation action such as
costs, logistics, chances of success, and even perhaps
the taxonomic distinctiveness of the subject.
1 1 . Use at Regional Level
The criteria are most appropriately applied to whole taxa
at a global scale, rather than to those units defined by
regional or national boundaries. Regionally or nationally
based threat categories, which are aimed at including
taxa that are threatened at regional or national levels (but
not necessarily throughout their global ranges), are best
used with two key pieces of information: the global sta-
tus category for the taxon, and the proportion of the
global population or range that occurs within the region
or nation. However, if applied at regional or national
level it must be recognized that a global category of
threat may not be the same as a regional or national cat-
egory for a particular taxon. For example, taxa classi-
fied as Vulnerable on the basis of their global declines
in numbers or range might be Lower Risk within a par-
ticular region where their populations are stable.
Conversely, taxa classified as Lower Risk globally might
be Critically Endangered within a particular region
where numbers are very small or declining, perhaps only
because they are at the margins of their global range.
lUCN is still in the process of developing guidelines for
the use of national red list categories.
12. Re-evaluation
Evaluation of taxa against the criteria should be carried
out at appropriate intervals. This is especially important
for taxa listed under near threatened, or conservation
dependent, and for threatened species whose status is
known or suspected to be deteriorating.
13. Transfer between Categories
There are rules to govern the movement of taxa between
categories. These are as follows: (A) A taxon may be
moved from a category of higher threat to a category of
lower threat if none of the criteria of the higher category
has been met for 5 years or more. (B ) If the original clas-
sification is found to have been erroneous, the taxon may
be transferred to the appropriate category or removed
from the threatened categories altogether, without delay
(but see Section 9). (C) Transfer from categories of
lower to higher risk should be made without delay.
14. Problems of Scale
Classification based on the sizes of geographic ranges or
the patterns of habitat occupancy is complicated by prob-
lems of spatial scale. The finer the scale at which the dis-
tributions or habitats of taxa are mapped, the smaller will
be the area that they are found to occupy. Mapping at
finer scales reveals more areas in which the taxon is
unrecorded. It is impossible to provide any strict but gen-
eral rules for mapping taxa or habitats; the most appro-
priate scale will depend on the taxa in question, and the
origin and comprehensiveness of the distributional data.
However, the thresholds for some criteria (e.g. Critically
Endangered) necessitate mapping at a fine scale.
Definitions
1. Population
Population is defined as the total number of individuals
of the taxon. For functional reasons, primarily owing to
differences between life-forms, population numbers are
expressed as numbers of mature individuals only. In the
case of taxa obligately dependent on other taxa for all or
part of their life cycles, biologically appropriate values
for the host taxon should be used.
2. Subpopulations
Subpopulations are defined as geographically or other-
wise distinct groups in the population between which
Annex 5
there is little exchange (typically one successful migrant
individual or gamete per year or less).
3. Mature Individuals
The number of mature individuals is defined as the num-
ber of individuals known, estimated or infeiTed to be
capable of reproduction. When estimating this quantity
the following points should be borne in mind:
• Where the population is characterized by natural
fluctuations the minimum number should be used.
• This measure is intended to count individuals capa-
ble of reproduction and should therefore exclude
individuals that are environmentally, behaviorally
or otherwise reproductively suppressed in the wild.
• In the case of populations with biased adult or breed-
ing sex ratios it is appropriate to use lower estimates
for the number of mature individuals which take this
into account (e.g. the estimated effective population
size).
• Reproducing units within a clone should be counted
as individuals, except where such units are unable to
survive alone (e.g. corals).
• In the case of taxa that naturally lose all or a
subset of mature individuals at some point in their
life cycle, the estimate should be made at the appro-
priate time, when mature individuals are available
for breeding.
4. Generation
Generation may be measured as the average age of par-
ents in the population. This is greater than the age at
first breeding, except in taxa where individuals breed
only once.
5. Continuing Decline
A continuing decline is a recent, current or projected
future decline whose causes are not known or not ade-
quately controlled and so is liable to continue unless
remedial measures are taken. Natural fluctuations will
not normally count as a continuing decline, but an
observed decline should not be considered to be part of
a natural fluctuation unless there is evidence for this.
6. Reduction
A reduction (criterion A) is a decline in the number of
mature individuals of at least the amount (%) stated over
the time period (years) specified, although the decline
need not still be continuing. A reduction should not be
'\\
• •
•••
^ '»'
7^ F W^
^^ •
A< * 1
W_-ir ^-^
Figure 2. Two examples of the distinction between extent
of occurrence and area of occupancy, (a) is the spatial
distribution of known, inferred or projected sites of occurrence,
(b) shows one possible boundary to the extent of occurrence,
which is the measured area within this boundary, (c) shows
one measure of area of occupancy which can be measured
by the sum of the occupied grid squares.
interpreted as part of a natural fluctuation unless there is
good evidence for this. Downward trends that are part
of natural fluctuations will not normally count as a
reduction.
7. Extreme Fluctuations
Extreme fluctuations occur in a number of taxa where
population size or distribution area varies widely, rapidly
and frequently, typically with a variation greater than one
order of magnitude (i.e., a tenfold increase or decrease).
8. Severely Fragmented
Severely fragmented is refers to the situation where
increased extinction risks to the taxon result from the fact
that most individuals within a taxon are found in small
and relatively isolated subpopulations. These small sub-
populations may go extinct, with a reduced probability of
recolonization.
Annex 6
9. Extent of Occurrence
Extent of occurrence is defined as the area contained
within the shortest continuous imaginary boundary
which can be drawn to encompass all the known, inferred
or projected sites of present occurrence of a taxon.
excluding cases of vagrancy. This measure may exclude
discontinuities or disjunctions within the overall distrib-
utions of taxa (e.g., large areas of obviously unsuitable
habitat) (but see "area of occupancy"). Extent of occur-
rence can often be measured by a minimum convex poly-
gon (the smallest polygon in which no internal angle
exceeds 180 degrees and which contains all the sites of
occurrence).
10. Area of Occupancy
Area of occupancy is defined as the area within its
"extent of occurrence" (see definitionj which is occupied
by a taxon, excluding cases of vagrancy. The measure
reflects the fact that a taxon will not usually occur
throughout the area of its extent of occurrence, which
may, for example, contain unsuitable habitats. The area
of occupancy is the smallest area essential at any stage
to the survival of existing populations of a taxon (e.g.
colonial nesting sites, feeding sites for migratory taxa).
The size of the area of occupancy will be a function of
the scale at which it is measured, and should be at a scale
appropriate to relevant biological aspects of the taxon.
The criteria include values in km-, and thus to avoid
errors in classification, the area of occupancy should be
measured on grid squares (or equivalents) which are suf-
ficiently small (see Figure 2).
11. Location
Location defines a geographically or ecologically distinct
area in which a single event (e.g. pollution) will soon
affect all individuals of the taxon present. A location
usually, but not always, contains all or part of a subpop-
ulation of the taxon, and is typically a small proportion of
the taxon' s total distribution.
12. Quantitative Analysis
A quantitative analysis is defined here as the technique of
population viability analysis (PVA), or any other quan-
titative form of analysis, which estimates the extinction
probability of a taxon or population based on the known
life history and specified management or non-manage-
ment options. In presenting the results of quantitative
analyses the structural equations and the data should be
explicit.
The Categories
Note: As in previous lUCN categories, the abbreviation
of eacli category (in parenthesis) follows the English
denominations when translated into other languages.
Extinct (EX)
A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that
the last individual has died.
Extinct in the Wild (EW)
A taxon is Extinct in the wild when it is known only to
survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized pop-
ulation (or populations) well outside the past range. A
taxon is presumed extinct in the wild when exhaustive
surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropri-
ate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its his-
toric range have failed to record an individual. Surveys
should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon' s
hfe cycle and life form.
Critically Endangered (CR)
A taxon is Critically Endangered when it is facing an
extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the imme-
diate future, as defined by any of the criteria (A to E) on
pages 15, 16 and 17.
Endangered (EN)
A taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically
Endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction
in the wild in the near future, as defined by any of the cri-
teria (A to E) on pages 17 and 18.
Vulnerable (VU)
A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically
Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of
extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as
defined by any of the criteria (A to D) on pages 19, 20
and 2 1 .
Lower Risk (LR)
A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been evaluated, does
not satisfy the criteria for any of the categories Critically
Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Taxa included
in the Lower Risk category can be separated into three
subcategories:
1. Conservation dependent (cd). Taxa which are
the focus of a continuing taxon-specific or habitat-
specitlc conservation program targeted towards the
Annex 7
taxon in question, the cessation of which would
result in the taxon qualifying for one of the threat-
ened categories above within a period of five years.
2. Near threatened (nt). Taxa which do not qualify
for conservation dependent, but which are close to
qualifying for Vulnerable.
3. Least concern (Ic). Taxa which do not qualify for
conservation dependent or near threatened.
Data Deficient (DD)
A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate infor-
mation to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk
of extinction based on its distribution and/or population
status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and
its biology well known, but appropriate data on abun-
dance and/or distribution is lacking. Data Deficient is
therefore not a category of threat or Lower Risk. Listing
of taxa in this category indicates that more information
is required and acknowledges the possibility that future
research will show that threatened classification is appro-
priate. It is important to make positive use of whatever
data are available. In many cases great care should be
exercised in choosing between DD and threatened status.
If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively cir-
cumscribed, if a considerable period of time has elapsed
since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may
well be justified.
Not Evaluated (NE)
A taxon is Not Evaluated when it is has not yet been
assessed against the criteria.
The Criteria for Critically Endangered,
Endangered and Vulnerable
(a) direct observation
(b) an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon
(c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occur-
rence and/or quality of habitat
(d) actual or potential levels of exploitation
(e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization,
pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.
2. A reduction of at least 80%, projected or suspected
to be met within the next ten years or three genera-
tions, whichever is the longer, based on (and specify-
ing) any of (b), (c), (d) or (e) above.
B. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than
100 km- or area of occupancy estimated to be less
than 10 km-, and estimates indicating any two of
the following:
1. Severely fragmented or known to exist at only a
single location.
2. Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected,
in any of the following:
(a) extent of occurrence
(b) area of occupancy
(c) area, extent and/or quality of habitat
(d) number of locations or subpopulations
(e) number of mature individuals.
3. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
(a) extent of occurrence
(b) area of occupancy
(c) number of locations or subpopulations
(d) number of mature individuals.
Critically Endangered (CR)
A taxon is Critically Endangered when it is facing an
extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the imme-
diate future, as defined by any of the following criteria (A
toE):
A. Population reduction in the form of either of
the following:
1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected
reduction of at least 80% over the last 10 years or
three generations, whichever is the longer, based
on (and specifying) any of the following:
C. Population estimated to number less than 250
mature individuals and either:
1 . An estimated continuing decline of at least 25%
within 3 years or one generation, whichever is
longer or
2. A continuing decline, observed, projected, or
inferred, in numbers of mature individuals and
population structure in the form of either:
(a) severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation
estimated to contain more than 50 mature
individuals)
(b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation.
Annex 8
D. Population estimated to number less than 50
mature individuals.
E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of
extinction in the wild is at least 50% within 10
years or 3 generations, whichever is the longer.
Endangered (EN)
A taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically
Endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction
in the wild in the near future, as defined by any of the fol-
lowing criteria (A to E):
A. Population reduction in the form of either of
the following:
1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected
reduction of at least 50% over the last 10 years or
three generations, whichever is the longer, based
on (and specifying) any of the following:
(a) direct observation
(b) an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon
(c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occur-
rence and/or quality of habitat
(d) actual or potential levels of exploitation
(e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization,
pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.
2. A reduction of at least 50%, projected or suspected
to be met within the next ten years or three genera-
tions, whichever is the longer, based on (and specify-
ing) any of (b), (c), (d) or (e) above.
B. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than
5000 km^ or area of occupancy estimated to be
less than 500 km^, and estimates indicating any
two of the following:
1 . Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more
than five locations.
2. Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected,
in any of the following:
(a) extent of occurrence
(b) area of occupancy
(c) area, extent and/or quality of habitat
(d) number of locations or subpopulations
(e) number of mature individuals.
3. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
(a) extent of occurrence
(b) area of occupancy
(c) number of locations or subpopulations
(d) number of mature individuals.
C. Population estimated to number less than 2,500
mature individuals and either:
1 . An estimated continuing decline of at least 20%
within 5 years or 2 generations, whichever is
longer, or
2. A continuing decline, observed, projected, or
inferred, in numbers of mature individuals and
population structure in the form of either:
(a) severely fi-agmented (i.e. no subpopulation
estimated to contain more than 250 mature
individuals)
(b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation.
D. Population estimated to number less than 250
mature individuals.
E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability of
extinction in the wild is at least 20% within 20
years or 5 generations, whichever is the longer.
Vulnerable (VU)
A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically
Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of
extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as
defined by any of the following criteria (A to E):
A. Population reduction in the form of either of
the following:
1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected
reduction of at least 20% over the last 10 years or
three generations, whichever is the longer, based
on (and specifying) any of the following:
(a) direct observation
(b) an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon
(c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occur-
rence and/or quality of habitat
(d) actual or potential levels of exploitation
(e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization,
pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.
Annex 9
2. A reduction of at least 20%, projected or suspected
to be met within the next ten years or three genera-
tions, whichever is the longer, based on (and specify-
ing) any of (b), (cj, (d) or (e) above.
B. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than
20,000 km^ or area of occupancy estimated to be
less than 2,000 km-, and estimates indicating any
two of the following:
1 . Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more
than ten locations.
2. Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected,
in any of the following:
(a) extent of occurrence
(b) area of occupancy
(c) area, extent and/or quality of habitat
(d) number of locations or subpopulations
(e) number of mature individuals.
3. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
(a) extent of occurrence
(b) area of occupancy
(c) number of locations or subpopulations
(d) number of mature individuals.
C. Population estimated to number less than 10,000
mature individuals and either:
1 . An estimated continuing decline of at least 10%
within 10 years or 3 generations, whichever is
longer, or
A continuing decline, observed, projected, or
inferred, in numbers of mature individuals and
population structure in the form of either
(a) severely fragmented (i.e. no subpopulation
estimated to contain more than 1,000 mature
individuals)
(b) all individuals are in a single subpopulation.
D. Population very small or restricted in the form
of either of the following:
1. Population estimated to number less than 1,000
mature individuals.
2. Population is characterized by an acute restriction in
its area of occupancy (typically less than 100 km-)
or in the number of locations (typically less than 5).
Such a taxon would thus be prone to the effects of
human activities (or stochastic events whose impact
is increased by human activities) within a very short
period of time in an unforeseeable future, and is thus
capable of becoming Critically Endangered or even
Extinct in a very short period.
E. Quantitative analysis showing the probability
of extinction in the wild is at least 10% within
100 years.
Annex 10
Previous Editions of the
WCN Red List of Threatened Animals
1986 WCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Compiled by the lUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre.
lUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 105 pp.
1988 lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Compiled by the lUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre.
Guest Essay by B. Wilcox. lUCN, Gland, Switzeriand. 154 pp.
1990 WCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Compiled by the Worid Conservation Monitoring Centre.
Guest Essay by N. Flesness and T. Foose. lUCN, Gland, Switzeriand. 192 pp.
1994 WCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Compiled by the Worid Conservation Monitoring Centre.
Edited by B. Groombridge. Guest Essay by G. Mace. lUCN, Gland, Switzeriand. 286 pp.
iUCN/Species Survival Commission
i he Species Survival Commission (SSC) is one of six volunteer commissions of lUCN — The
World "• ■ ' ■ ■ ■ ' ■ ' f' ■ ■' I .■■''■! . .' ' ■ ■ . ■' I Mil ■ 1 ■ It I '' (' ]t f - I ' , I' ( 1 I I -' 1 1' iv
I of tfie
'■ ,;. ;iu. i,,.;ill.,. ii,.;i.:,i. :;:..v;i,.i,i,.. .i.i. i..,i;tl ;!..„ :„ Jul lu II i J WISe,
lie way. and to guide Ifie development of human communities
are both of good qualify and in endunng harmony with other com-
rni'ilinn iq tn rnn«;orvo hinloqir:.!! rlluprsity by developing and executing programs
s and their habitats. A volunteer network
^rt rtr-,-.!-
''l\',^■
resources to governments, international conventions, and conservation organizatlon^.
The Red Data Book concept was originated by a former SSC Chair, Sir Peter Scoti, in the
■ ' ' ■ ' ■'■ ' '■ ■ ' ' ' ■"' " ' ■'■i'd with
" I' ■) , I I :■ ■ • I , I'll ■■,■ "I !■ • I'll , ■ ■ , nil iiirij ..viiMhlc Tli(>
■ t^n outstandingly successful and. flu iter, many national, h
I'd Data Books d '■ r- '-fv- p-'~i->vr) (vumy muit! countries are in the p(u^.^!^^.
'ir own lists of v.
The demand for a simple international list that categorizes the status of globally threatened
iwing, partly as a result of the increasing number of international conventions. It
... lu iiieet this need tfui* "•'■ t" t lUCN Red List of Threatened Animals was published in
I'iMii Further editions wi hod in 1988. 1990. and 1994
Late in 1994, lUCN adopted a new system of catoQorios of threat, the 1996 lUCN Rod List
ofTIv its first full •■setofcnl.
"""" ,.ii ^c tiv ' .i ,ii.t ;i.it;,ii..(iiiig them. '• ■:• ■,
1 has Involved nearly 1.01 o
ing document.
Although the length of the Red List Is sobering, the information it presents is of fundamental
■ ' III I Managers, and decision makers responsible for the health and well being
lUCN >
b%ia
The Worid Conservation Union s
PECiEs Survival Commission CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL
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