Biological integrity of Bear Creek, Park County , Montana based on the composition and structure of the Benthic algae community

MONTANA STATE LIBRARY

3 0864 0015 4556 8

BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

OF BEAR CREEK, PARK COUNTY, MONTANA

BASED ON THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE

OF THE BENTHIC ALGAE COMMUNITY

Prepared for:

/" ".

State of Montana
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 200901
Helena, Montana 59620-0901

Project Officer: Patrick Newby
DEQ Contract No. 200012-2

Prepared by:

Loren L . Bahl s , Ph . D .
Hannaea
1032 Twelfth Avenue
Helena, Montana 59601

September 1, 2000

'^T/\TE DOCUmms COLLECTION

^"i^y 2 S 200Z

MONTANA STATE LIBRARY
ur, ,-^^^5 E- 6th AVE
HELENA, MONTANA 59620

Printed on lOOt Recycled Post -Consumer Paper

SUMMARY

On July 13, 2000, a composite periphyton sample was
collected from natural substrates at the mouth of Bear Creek in
the upper Yellowstone River drainage of southcentral Montana for
the purpose of assessing whether Bear Creek is water-quality
limited and in need of TMDLs . The sample was collected following
DEQ standard operating procedures, processed and analyzed using
standard methods for periphyton, and evaluated following modified
USEPA rapid bioassessment protocols for wadeable streams.

The periphyton of Bear Creek was dominated by diatoms, the
chrysophyte Hydrurus foetidus, and by the filamentous green alga
Ulothrix. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) were of secondary-
importance in Bear Creek, indicating that the stream might be
receiving some cultural inputs of nutrients. Typically, green
and blue-green algae share dominance in streams of the Middle
Rockies Ecoregion and dominance by diatoms and green algae may
indicate higher than normal levels of nutrient enrichment.

The diatom flora of Bear Creek was dominated by Hannaea
arcus, the unofficial State Diatom of Montana. This species
prefers cold, flowing waters and is reported to be indifferent to
small amounts of organic pollution. Major diatom taxa in Bear
Creek also included one other "sensitive" species and two species
that are somewhat tolerant of pollution.

Diatom association metrics indicated good to excellent water
quality, little or no impairment, and full support of aquatic
life uses, except for a borderline percent dominant species value
(50.85%), which indicated moderate impairment. This dominance by
Hannaea arcus also resulted in a depressed species diversity
index that indicated minor impairment. A small percentage
(0.24%) of abnormal diatom cells (again, Hannaea arcus) may
indicate chronic toxicity from heavy metals in Bear Creek.

INTRODUCTION

This report evaluates the biological integrity, support of
aquatic life uses, and probable causes of impairment to those
uses, in Bear Creek near Gardiner, Montana. The purpose of this
report is to provide information that will help the State of
Montana determine whether Bear Creek is water-quality limited and
in need of TMDLs .

The federal Clean Water Act directs states to develop water
pollution control plans (Total Maximum Daily Loads or TMDLs) that
set limits on pollution loading to water-quality limited waters.
Water-quality limited waters are lakes and stream segments that
do not meet water-quality standards, that is, that do not fully
support their beneficial uses. The Clean Water Act and USEPA
regulations require each state to (1) identify waters that are
water-quality limited, (2) prioritize and target waters for
TMDLs, and (3) develop TMDL plans to attain and maintain water-
quality standards for all water-quality limited waters.

Evaluation of use support in this report is based on the
species composition and structure of the periphyton (benthic
algae, phytobenthos) community at a single stream site that was
sampled on July 13, 2000. The periphyton community is a basic
biological component of all aquatic ecosystems. Periphyton
accounts for much of the primary production and biological
diversity in Montana streams (Bahls et al . 1992).

Plafkin et al . (1989) and Stevenson and Bahls (1999) list

several advantages of using periphyton in biological assessments

of streams:

• Algae are universally present in large numbers in all

streams and unimpaired periphyton assemblages typically
support a large number (>30) of species;

• Algae have rapid reproduction rates and short life cycles,
making them useful indicators of short-term impacts;

• As primary producers, algae are most directly affected by
physical and chemical factors, such as temperature,
nutrients, dissolved salts, and toxins;

• Sampling is quick, easy and inexpensive, and causes minimal
damage to resident biota and their habitat;

• Standard methods and criteria exist for evaluating the
composition, structure, and biomass of algal associations;

• Identification to species is straightforward for the
diatoms, for which there is a large body of taxonomic and
ecological literature;

• Excessive algae growuh in streams is often correctly
perceived as a problem by the public.

• Periphyton and other biological communities reflect the
biological integrity^ of waterbodies; restoring and
maintaining the biological integrity of waterbodies is a
goal of the federal Clean Water Act;

• Periphyton and other biological communities integrate the
effects of different stressors and provide a measure of
their aggregate impact; and

• Periphyton and other biological communities may be the only
practical means of evaluating impacts from non-point sources
of pollution where specific ambient criteria do not exist
(e.g., impacts that degrade habitat or increase nutrients).

Periphyton is a diverse assortment of simple photosynthetic
organisms called algae, and other microorganisms that live
attached to or in close proximity of the stream bottom. Most
algae, such as the diatoms, are microscopic. Diatoms are
distinguished by having a cell wall composed of opaline glass- -
hydrated amorphous silica. Diatoms often carpet a stream bottom
with a slippery brown film.

^ Biological integrity is defined as "the ability of an
aquatic ecosystem to support and maintain a balanced, integrated,
adaptive community of organisms having a species composition,
diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of
natural habitats within a region" (Karr and Dudley 1981) .

Some algae, such as the filamentous greens, are conspicuous
and their excessive growth may be aesthetically displeasing,
deplete dissolved oxygen, interfere with fishing and fish
spawning, clog irrigation intakes, create tastes and odors in
drinking water, and cause other problems.

PROJECT AREA AND SAMPLING SITES

The project area is located in southern Park County in
southcentral Montana. Bear Creek heads in the Absaroka-Beartooth
Wilderness, flows south past the mining town of Jardine, and
enters the Yellowstone River about two miles east of Gardiner,
Montana just north of Yellowstone National Park (Map 1) .

The Bear Creek watershed is within the Middle Rockies
Ecoregion of North America (Woods et al . 1999) . The surface
geology consists of Lower Tertiary volcanic rocks with granitic
intrusives, and undifferentiated Precambrian metamorphic rocks
(Renfro and Feray 1972) . Vegetation is alpine tundra in the
headwaters, mixed conifer forest at middle elevations, and mixed
grassland at lower elevations (USDA 1976) .

A single periphyton sample was collected at a site near the
mouth of Bear Creek on July 13, 2000 (Map 1) . This site is
situated at an elevation of 5,300 feet at Latitude 45 01 55
North, Longitude 110 39 56 West. Bear Creek is classified B-1 in
the Montana Surface Water Quality Standards.

METHODS

The periphyton sample was collected by Patrick Newby of the
MDEQ Monitoring and Data Management Bureau following standard
operating procedures of the MDEQ Planning, Prevention, and
Assistance Division.

Using appropriate tools, microalgae were scraped, brushed,
or sucked from natural substrates in proportion to the rank of
those substrates at the study site. Macroalgae were picked by
hand in proportion to their abundance at the site. All
collections of microalgae and macroalgae were pooled into a
common container and preserved with Lugol's solution.

The sample was examined to estimate the relative abundance
and rank by biovolume of diatoms and genera of soft (non-diatom)
algae according to the method described in Bahls (1993) . Soft
algae were identified using Dillard (1999), Prescott (1978),
Smith (1950) , and Whitford and Schumacher (1984) . These books
also served as references on the ecology of the soft algae, along
with Palmer (1977) .

After the identification of soft algae, the raw periphyton
sample was cleaned of organic matter using sulfuric acid, and two
permanent diatom slides were prepared using Naphrax, a high
refractive index mounting medium, following Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 1998) . Four
hundred and eleven diatom cells (822 valves) were counted at
random and identified to species. The following were used as the
main taxonomic and autecological references for the diatoms :
Krammer and Lange-Bertalot 1986, 1988, 1991a, 1991b; Patrick and
Reimer 1966, 1975. Lowe (1974) was also used as an ecological
reference for the diatoms.

The diatom proportional count was used to generate an array
of diatom association metrics (Table 1) . A metric is a
characteristic of the biota that changes in some predictable way
with increased human influence (Barbour et al . 1999).

Metric values from Bear Creek were compared to numeric
biocriteria developed for streams in the Rocky Mountain
Ecoregions of Montana (Table 2) . These criteria are based on

metric values measured in least -impaired reference streams (Bahls
et al . 1992) and on metric values measured in streams that are
known to be impaired by various sources and causes of pollution
(Bahls 1993) . Only periphyton samples collected in summer (June
21-September 21) can be compared with confidence to reference
stream samples because metric values change seasonally and summer
is the season in which reference streams and impaired streams
were sampled for the purpose of biocriteria development.

The criteria in Table 2 distinguish among four levels of
impairment and three levels of aquatic life use support: no
impairment or only minor impairment (full support) ; moderate
impairment (partial support) ; and severe impairment (nonsupport) .
These impairment levels correspond to excellent, good, fair, and
poor biological integrity, respectively.

Quality Assurance. Several steps were taken to assure that
the study results are accurate and reproducible.

Upon receipt of the sample, station and sample information
were recorded in a laboratory notebook and the sample was
assigned a unique number compatible with the Montana Diatom
Database: 0787-05. The first part of this number (0787)
designates the sampling site (Bear Creek at mouth) ; the second
part of the number (05) designates the number of periphyton
samples that have been collected at this site to date for which
data have been entered into the Montana Diatom Database.

Sample observations and analyses of soft (non-diatom) algae
were recorded in a lab notebook along with station and sample
information provided by MDEQ . A portion of the raw sample was
used to make duplicate diatom slides. Following the diatom
proportional count, the slide used for the count will be
deposited in the University of Montana Herbarium in Missoula.
The other slide will be retained by Hannaea in Helena.

On completion of the project, station information, sample
information, and diatom proportional count data will be entered
into the Montana Diatom Database.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results are presented in Tables 3 and 4, located near the
end of this report following the Literature Cited section.
Spreadsheets containing completed diatom proportional counts,
with species' pollution tolerance classes (PTC) and percent
abundances, are attached as Appendix A.

SAMPLE NOTES

Bear Creek at mouth. Hannaea arcus was present as an
epiphyte on Hydrurus foetidus and cells were erect and oriented
perpendicular to the surface of the host. A large stalked
Gomphoneis (Gomphoneis minuta) was also present.

NON- DIATOM ALGAE

The benthic flora of Bear Creek was dominated by diatoms, by
another chrysophyte- -Hydrurus foetidus- -and by an attached
filamentous green alga, Ulothrix (Table 3). However, only small
patches of filamentous green algae were present in Bear Creek and
the amount in the sample probably overestimates the amount in the
creek relative to the other algae that were present (Patrick
Newby, MDEQ, personal communication) . Hydrurus is a common alga
of cold mountain streams, and is particularly abundant in the
Spring. Ulothrix also prefers cold waters with moderate nutrient
enrichment .

Cyanobacteria, formerly called blue-green algae, were of
secondary importance in Bear Creek. In Rocky Mountain streams,
cyanobacteria seem to prefer cold waters and low concentrations
of nutrients. In reference streams of the Middle Rockies
Ecoregion, green and blue-green algae were co-dominants, whereas
blue-green algae dominated the benthic floras of less productive
streams in the Northern Rockies Ecoregion (Bahls et al . 1992).

Dominance by diatoms and green algae in Bear Creek may indicate
somewhat elevated concentrations of nutrients from natural and/or
cultural origins.

DIATOMS

The diatom association of Bear Creek was dominated by
Hannaea arcus , which contributed just over half of the diatom
cells (Table 4) . Hannaea arcus is the unofficial State Diatom of
Montana (Bahls 1974) and the namesake of my consulting business.
Patrick and Reimer (1966) report it from cool, flowing waters.
In a review of 11 diatom ecology papers, Lowe (1974) found
Hannaea arcus to prefer cold, flowing, and somewhat alkaline
waters, and to be indifferent to light organic pollution. In
Montana, this species is most abundant in mountain streams on the
east side of the Continental Divide (unpublished data) .

A recent query to the Internet Diatom List regarding the
ecology of this species yielded 15 replies. To summarize the
replies, Hannaea arcus seems to prefer circumneutral fresh
waters, and mountain streams and large cold lakes in northern
latitudes, including Himalayan streams and Lakes Superior and
Baikal. It has also been reported from high southern latitudes
(Antarctica and South Georgia Island) . One researcher reported
the taxon to be sensitive to pollution from sewage.

The abundance of Hannaea arcus in Bear Creek probably
reflects the abundance of a preferred host alga (Hydrurus) and
suitable water quality. Some nutrient enrichment may also be
implied by the dominance of Hannaea arcus at this site.

Although it contributed only about 5% of the cells,
Gomphoneis minuta likely contributed a much larger share of the
biovolume at this site because of its relatively large size.
Gomphoneis minuta is found predominantly in the lower reaches of

rivers and inland lakes, from British Columbia south to Arizona,
and east to the Atlantic coast in North America, and in Chile in
South America; it appears to grow in situations receiving organic
inputs (Kociolek and Stoermer 1988) .

The other two major diatom species in Bear Creek- -Fragi I aria
vaucheriae and Synedra ulna- -are somewhat tolerant of organic
pollution and nutrient enrichment (Lange-Bertalot 1979) .
Altogether, the major diatom species of Bear Creek indicate cool,
flowing, and circumneutral waters with moderate concentrations of
dissolved salts and algal nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) .

With one exception, the diatom metrics of Bear Creek
indicated good to excellent water quality and full support of
aquatic life uses (Table 4) . Because of the large percent
abundance of Hannaea arcus (50.85%), the percent dominant species
metric slightly exceeded the threshold for moderate impairment.
Since Hannaea arcus may occasionally be found in large numbers in
relatively pristine waters (unpublished data) , its dominance in
Bear Creek may not be due entirely to cultural enrichment.

The Shannon species diversity index was also a bit low in
Bear Creek (Table 4), owing in large part to dominance by Hannaea
arcus. The low diversity index indicated minor impairment but
still full support of aquatic life uses.

Two teratological cells of Hannaea arcus were observed
during the diatom proportional count, indicating minor impairment
of aquatic life uses (Table 4) . Although diatoms in this family
(Fragilariaceae) are prone to deformities, these two abnormal
cells may nevertheless indicate chronic toxicity from heavy-
metals in Bear Creek.

LITERATURE CITED

APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater. 20th Edition. American Public Health
Association, Washington, D.C.

Bahls, L.L. 1974. A State Water Plant? Montana Outdoors,
May/ June, pages 40-42.

Bahls, L.L. 1979. Benthic diatom diversity as a measure of
water quality. Proc . Mont. Acad. Sci . 38:1-6.

Bahls, L.L. 1993. Periphyton Bioassessment Methods for Montana
Streams (Revised) . Montana Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences, Helena.

Bahls, L.L., Bob Bukantis, and Steve Tralles. 1992. Benchmark

Biology of Montana Reference Streams. Montana Depe^j-tment of
Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena.

Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling.

1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and
Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and
Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B-99-002 . U.S. EPA, Office
of Water, Washington, D.C.

Dillard, G.E. 1999. Common Freshwater Algae of the United
States. J. Cramer, Berlin.

Johansen, J.R. 1999. Diatoms of Aerial Habitats. Chapter 12 in
Stoermer, E.F., and J. P. Smol (eds.). The Diatoms, Cambridge
University Press, New York.

Karr, J.R., and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspectives on
water quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-69.

Kociolek, J. P., and E.F. Stoermer. 1988. Taxonomy,

ultrastructure and distribution of Gowphoneis herculeana,
G. eriense and closely related species (Naviculales:
Gomphonemataceae) . Proceedings of The Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia 140 (2) : 24-97 .

Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot . 1986. Bacillariophyceae,
Part 2, Volume 1: Naviculaceae . In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff,
H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of
Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York.

Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1988. Bacillariophyceae,
Part 2, Volume 2: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae,
Surirellaceae. In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D.
Mollenhauer (eds.). Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe.
Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York.

Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot . 1991a. Bacillariophyceae,
Part 2, Volume 3: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae.
In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer
(eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer
Publisher, Stuttgart.

Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1991b. Bacillariophyceae,
Part 2, Volume 4: Achnanthaceae, Critical Supplement to
Navicula (Lineolatae) and Gomphonema, Complete List of
Literature for Volumes 1-4. In Ettl, H., G. Gartner, J.
Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater
Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, Stuttgart.

Lange-Bertalot, Horst . 1979. Pollution tolerance of diatoms as
a criterion for water quality estimation. Nova Hedwigia
64:285-304.

Lowe, R.L. 1974. Environmental Requirements and Pollution
Tolerance of Freshwater Diatoms. EPA-670/4-74-005 .

McFarland, B.H., B.H. Hill, andW.T. Willingham. 1997. Abnormal
Fragilaria spp . (Bacillariophyceae) in streams impacted by
mine drainage. Jour, of Freshwater Ecology 12 (1) : 141-149 .

Palmer, CM. 1977. Algae and Water Pollution: An Illustrated
Manual on the Identification, Significance, and Control of
Algae in Water Supplies and in Polluted Water.
EPA-600/9-77-036.

Patrick, Ruth, and C.W. Reimer. 1966. The Diatoms of The United
States Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 1:
Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae, Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae .
Monograph Number 13, The Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia.

Patrick, Ruth, and C.W. Reimer. 1975. The Diatoms of The United
States Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 2, Part 1:
Entomoneidaceae, Cymbellaceae, Gomphonemaceae,
Epithemiaceae . Nonograph Number 13, The Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia.

Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross, and R.M.
Hughes. 1989. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in
Rivers and Streams: Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish.
EPA 440-4-89-001.

Prescott, G.W. 1978. How to Know the Freshwater Algae. Third
Edition. Wm. C. Brown Company Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa.

Renfro, H.B., and D.E. Feray. 1972. Geological Highway Map of

the Northern Rocky Mountain Region. American Association of
Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

10

^

Smith, G.M. 1950. the Fresh-Water Algae of The United States.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.

Stevenson, R.J., and L.L. Bahls. 1999. Periphyton Protocols.
Chapter 6 in Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and
J.B. Stribling. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in
Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic
Macroinvertebrates and Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B-99-
002. U.S. EPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.

Stevenson, R.J., and Y. Pan. 1999. Assessing Environmental

Conditions in Rivers and Streams with Diatoms. Chapter 2 in
Stoermer, E.F., and J. P. Smol (eds.), The Diatoms:
Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences.
Cambridge University Press, New York.

USDA. 1976. Climax Vegetation of Montana (map) . U. S.

Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
Cartographic Unit, Portland.

Whitford, L.A., and G.J. Schumacher. 1984. A Manual of Fresh-
Water Algae (Revised) . Sparks Press, Raleigh, North
Carolina.

Whittaker, R.H. 1952. A study of summer foliage insect

communities in the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecological
Monographs 22:1-44.

Woods, A.J., Omernik, J.M., Nesser, J. A., Shelden, J., and

Azevedo, S.H. 1999. Ecoregions of Montana (color poster
with map), U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

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Table 3. Relative abundance of cells and rank by biovolume of

diatoms and genera of non-diatom algae in a periphyton
sample collected from the mouth of Bear Creek near
Gardiner, Montana on July 13, 2000.

Taxa

Relative Abundance

Rank

Chlorophyta (green algae)
Ulothrix

abundant^

Chrysophyta (golden algae)

Bacillariophyceae (diatoms]
Hydrurus foetidus

dominant

abundant

1
2

Cyanophyta (cyanobacteria) ^
Calothrix
Oscillatoria

Phorrni di urn

occasional

common

frequent

6
5
4

^ Only small patches of filamentous green algae were present in
Bear Creek. The amount of filamentous green algae in the sample
probably overestimates the amount in Bear Creek relative to other
algae (Patrick Newby, MDEQ, personal communication) .

Formerly known as blue-green algae.

Table 4. Percent abundance of major diatom species^ and values

of selected diatom association metrics for a periphyton
sample collected from the mouth of Bear Creek near

Gardiner, Montana on July 13, 2000.

Species/Metric Percent Abundance/Metric Value^
(Pollution Tolerance Class) ^

Fragilaria vaucheriae (2) 15.69

Gomphoneis winuta (3) 5.11

Hannaea arcus (3) 50.85

Synedra ulna (2) 5.4 7

Cells Counted 411

Total Species 32

Species Counted 30

Species Diversity 2 . 82

Percent Dominant Species 50.85

Disturbance Index 0.73

Pollution Index 2.74

Siltation Index 2.18

Percent Abnormal Cells 0 .24

Percent Epithemiaceae 0.24

^ A major diatom species is here considered to be one that
accounts for 5% or more of the cells in one or more samples
of a sample set .

^ Underlined values indicate good biological integrity, minor
impairment, and full support of aquatic life uses; bold values
indicate fair biological integrity, moderate impairment, and
partial support of aquatic life uses,- all other values
indicate excellent biological integrity, no impairment, and
full support of aquatic life uses.

3

3 = sensitive to pollution; 2 = tolerant of pollution;

1 = most tolerant of pollution (no class 1 diatoms were major

species in this sample) .

APPENDIX A: DIATOM PROPORTIONAL COUNT

Bear Creek at mouth (07/13/00)

8/31/00

^^^^^

>»i^g^g^

:. xSainfilc : : . f ■■■ ■ :\9«niu»KV|iMPVHt«f w«*(««»]F::ii%$;^^

^^^l^lw?U0All: :>>:*-:%-::

078705Achnanthes lanceolata

2

9

1.09

078705 Achnanthidium minutissimum

3

6

0.73

078705 Cocconeis placentula

3

5

0.61

078705 Cymbella cymbiformis

3

1

0.12

078705

Diatoma mesodon

3

19

2.31

078705

Epithemia turgida

3

2

0.24

078705

Fragilaria brevistriata

3

14

1.70

078705

Fragilaria construens

3

4

0.49

078705

Fragilaria leptostauron

3

5

0.61

078705

Fragilaria pinnata

3

2

0.24

078705

Fragilaria vaucheriae

2

129

15.69

078705

Gomphoneis eriense

3

24

2.92

078705

Gomphoneis minuta

3

42

5.11

078705

Gomphonema angustatum

2

5

0.61

078705

Gomphonema mexicanum

2

2

0.24

078705

Gomphonema minutum

3

8

0.97

078705

Gomphonema olivaceoides

3

13

1.58

078705

Gomphonema olivaceum

3

9

1.09

078705

Gomphonema pumilum

3

8

0.97

078705

Hannaea arcus

3

418

50.85

078705

Meridion circulare

3

4

0.49

078705

Navicula absoluta

2

0

0.00

078705

Navicula minima

1

2

0.24

078705

Nitzschia dissipata

3

8

0.97

078705

Nitzschia palea

1

0

0.00

078705

Nitzschia paleacea

2

3

0.36

078705

Nitzschia perminuta

3

4

0.49

078705

Reimeria sinuata

3

1

0.12

078705

Rhoicosphenia curvata

3

16

1.95

078705

Stephanodiscus hantzschii

2

1

0.12

078705

Stephanodiscus medius

2

13

1.58

078705

Synedra ulna

2

45

5.47

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