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Folklife Festival

Bhutan: Land of the Thunder Dragon
NASA: Fifty Years and Beyond
Texas: A Celebration of Music, Food, and Wine

The 2008 Smithsonian Folklife Festival

(Left) Dubbed the “Dancing Cowboy” by his devoted fans, conjunto accordionist Mingo
Saldivar is known for his vigorous performance style. Photo courtesy Texas Folklife Resources
(Right) Educator astronaut candidates Dottie Metcalf-Lindenburger, Ricky Arnold,
and Joe Acaba (with microphone) answer questions about their training in a webcast
at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C. Photo courtesy NASA

(Left) Astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper waves to the camera while
participating in extravehicular activity (EVA) as construction continues on

the International Space Station in September 2006. Photo courtesy NASA

(Right) The annual community religious festivals (tsechus) celebrate the life of
Guru Rinpoche and the arrival of Buddhism in Bhutan. Photo by Andrew Connors

ye WT. rE
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The annual Smithsonian Folklife Festival brings
together exemplary practitioners of diverse
traditions from communities across the United
States and around the world. The goal of the
Festival is to encourage the vitality of these
traditions by presenting them on the National
Mall so that tradition-bearers and the public
can learn from one another and understand

cultural differences in a respectful way.

Smithsonian Institution

Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
600 Maryland Avenue SW, Suite 2001
Washington, D.C. 20024-2520

www.folklife.si.edu

Editor: Mary Sebold

Art Director: Krystyn MacGregor Confair
Production Manager: Joan Erdesky
Graphic Designer: Zaki Ghul

Design Intern: Chloe Steinhoff-Smuth
Printing: Gray Graphics, Maryland

Smithsonian Folklife Festival Sponsors

The Smithsonian Folklife Festival is supported by federally appropriated funds;
Smithsonian trust funds; contributions from governments, businesses, foundations,

and individuals; in-kind assistance; and food, recording, and craft sales.
The Festival is co-sponsored by the National Park Service.

General support for this year’s Festival comes from the Latino Initiatives Pool, administered by
the Smithsonian Latino Center and the Music Performance Fund, with in-kind support provided
through Motorola, Sprint, WAMU-88.5 FM, Whole Foods Market, and WashingtonPost.com.

The 2008 Smithsonian Folklife Festival has been made possible through the generosity

and support of the following donors and partners:

BHUTAN: LAND OF THE THUNDER DRAGON

the Shelley & Donald Rubin Foundation, Lawrence Small, and the Summit Fund
of Washington. Additional support is provided by the Himalayan Youth Foundation,
Eva and Yoel Haller, Friends of the Royal Textile Academy of Bhutan, the

Sager Family Foundation, Butterfield & Robinson, Exclusive Resorts,

Francis and Kathleen McNamara, New Tourism & The Harmony Project,

The University of Texas at E] Paso, and Aman Resorts.

NASA: FIFTY YEARS AND BEYOND

This program is produced in partnership with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA). Jacobs Technology Inc. is a Donor to the program.
Contributors to the program are Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman,

and United Space Alliance.

TEXAS: A CELEBRATION OF MUSIC, FOOD, AND WINE

This program is produced in partnership with the Texas Office of the Governor,
{eee} Economic Development and Tourism. The Major Donor to the program 1s the
Texas Commission on the Arts. Contributors to the program include the

Texas Department of Agriculture, the City of El Paso, Houstan Endowment Inc.,
the San Antonio Convention & Visitors Bureau, and the City of San Antonio
Office of Cultural Affairs. Additional support for this program is provided by the

Music Performance Fund, and Southwest Airlines is the Exclusive Airline of the program.

Table of Contents

The Festival: A View from the Castle
Lessons Learned from Many Voices
Welcome to the 2008 Festival

2008 Annual Ralph Rinzler Memorial Concert:
The Conjunto of René Lopez and Ralph Rinzler

Bhutan: Land of the Thunder Dragon

The Thunder Dragon Comes to Washington
Treasures of the Thunder Dragon

A Meditation in Dance

Three Marks of Faith

Zorig Chusum: Bhutan’s Living Arts and Crafts

Reinforcing Culture: Tourism in Bhutan

NASA: Fifty Years and Beyond

NASA’s Origins
Human Spaceflight
Space Exploration
Earth Science
Aeronautics
NASA’s Organizational Culture
A Diverse Workforce
Whither NASA?
Texas: A Celebration of Music, Food, and Wine

Texas Music: A Living Legacy
From Cattle Drives to Winery Trails:

Food and Wine Traditions in the Lone Star State
Staff
Sponsors and Special Thanks
Festival Participants
Festival Schedule
General Festival Information
Related Events

Site Map

“>
Masked dances in Bhutan provide important

communal opportunities for celebrating traditional
Buddhist teachings. photo by Andrew Connors

The Festival: A View from the Castle

Richard Kurin, Acting Under Secretary Tor History, Art, and Culture,

smithso Institt I

For the past three decades, I've been outdoors on the National Mall, looking
up at the Smithsonian Castle, while we prepare for the Smithsonian Folklife
Festival. This year, due to transitions in the Smithsonian’s leadership, I’ve
watched the preparations through a window in the Castle. What do I make
of the Festival from that perspective? How do I understand this annual gath-
ering of people who come from across the country and the planet to share
their traditions with other human beings?

When you work in a building funded by a nineteenth-century
Englishman’s bequest, a building that stores his bones and one that saw
the development of the first weather map, the card catalog system, and
Civil War-era visits by Abraham Lincoln, you immediately think of history
and look for antecedents. James Smithson, a chemist and mineralogist, left his
fortune to the United States in order to establish in Washington an institu-
tion dedicated to “the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” He
became interested in sharing cultural knowledge after visiting a display of
ancient and modern Mexican traditions in London. Joseph Henry, the first
secretary of the Smithsomian, made the documentation and understanding
of American Indian origins and life ways a central part of the Institution’s
research mission. Henry’s assistant, Spencer Baird, who became the second
secretary and really started the Smithsonian down the path toward becoming
the nation’s museum, wanted to bring American Indians to the Mall in the
1870s to demonstrate their cultures—a proposal rejected by Congress.

The Smithsonian Folklife Festival started in 1967, with support from
Secretary S. Dillon Ripley, who famously declared, “take the instruments
out of their cases and let them sing.” For Ripley and Festival founder Jim
Morris, the Festival was a way of livening up the museum. For the Festival’s
first director, Ralph Rinzler, it was a way of showing the value of diverse
cultural traditions and literally giving them standing in the nation’s most
important space—the National Mall. The Festival was the cultural equivalent
of the political March on Washington, led by the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.
It was a way of allowing the voices of the people to be heard in the heart of
the country’s democracy.

The Festival was a feature of the US. Bicentennial in 1976 and has
since emerged as a major vehicle for the representation of grassroots
cultures. Enormously popular have been programs on the folkways of
states (Hawaii, lowa, Louisiana, Michigan, and New York), nations and
regions of the world (Haiti, India, Mali, Mexico, Northern Ireland,
Scotland, the Silk Road, South Africa, and Tibet with the Dalai Lama),
and occupations (masters of the building arts, trial lawyers, and even
Smithsonian workers). They have produced positive effects “back home,”
such as new publications, films, Web sites, and recordings that have won
Academy, Emmy, GRAMMY, and Webby awards. The Festival has generated
huge archives of research and documentation for scholars and educators.
As a model of cultural practice, it greatly influenced UNESCO's 2003
International Convention on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural

Heritage, which has now been ratified by ninety-four countries.

Smithsonian Folklife Festival

Many books and articles have been written about the Festival,
including a special issue of the Journal of American Folklore this year. In its
pages, former fellows and colleagues examine the Festival and particular
programs and practices in laudatory and critical ways. At a time when many
academic treatments in the social sciences and humanities seem intent on
emphasizing the dystopian aspects of institutions, the utopian visions of
the Smithsonian and the Festival shine through. The Festival embodies
the Smithsonian ideal that knowledge can be a force for individual and
social betterment. It stubbornly, against all bureaucratic odds, pursues
the idea that sharing cultural knowledge, wisdom, skill, and artistry can
contribute to understanding, tolerance, and a greater appreciation of human
diversity. That's a big purpose worthy of a great institution, and while we
at the Festival and the Smithsonian might not get it right all the time,
imperfection should not keep us from pursuing its realization. Our efforts

are evident every day in our museums and every moment of the Festival.

Smithsonian Folklife Festival

Lessons Learned from Many Voices

A recent special issue of the Journal of American Folklore, “Constructing
Folklife and Negotiating the Nation(al): The Smithsonian Folklife Festival,”
provides an opportunity for Festival staff, participants, and visitors to
view the Festival through the academic lenses of six scholars. Looking
at three American and three international programs, these writers shed
light on the complex process of organizing the Festival and, in several
cases, also describe the responses of participants and audiences. The
Festival visitor would do well to read these analyses to gain a better
appreciation not only of the complexity behind Festival organization,
but also of the many voices in that organization. For more information
about the journal, go to www.afsnet.org/publications/jaf.cfm.

The Festival has always been particularly proud to provide a place for
cultural practitioners to discuss the joys and challenges of nurturing their
arts in an ever-widening world, as well as to demonstrate them to the
public. However, a quick glance at the back section of this program book
will show that hundreds of people have actually been involved in what may
appear to be the simple task of providing a stage for the participants. The
Smithsonian Folklife Festival is not only a place for Festival visitors to see,
listen to, and engage traditional artists, but it also, in effect, represents a
process that has involved the input of Smithsonian curators, community
leaders, government officials, National Park Service regulators, university
scholars, program funders, and others. The Festival you witness on the Mall
is due to the efforts of myriad people, and what ties them together is a
commitment to provide the most appropriate context for you, the visitor,
to meet extraordinary traditional artists.

A community leader may place the health of his community before that
of the individual; the government official may have the good of the whole
nation rather than that of the local community in mind when agreeing to
cosponsor a program; the scholar may fear that, in spite of its best intentions,
the Festival depoliticizes culture or participates in wider global movements
that commercialize and undermine traditional arts; corporate funders may
represent products that displace traditional crafts; and the Park Service is
always concerned about the aesthetics of the Mall. Each of these voices may
compete for a place in the program. But in my experience, all the people
I have worked with in the organization of a Festival program recognize and
support the crucial role that traditional arts play in the health of a community.
That’s why they’re involved.

Smithsonian staff members are negotiators of these voices. The program
curator works closely with his or her counterparts in the cosponsoring
organization. Often these counterparts take a role in participant selection
and even program design. But it is the curator’s job to ensure that, whenever
possible, everyone is heard in the development of the program. Articles like
those in the Journal of American Folklore provide us with the voice of academic
analysts, and annual surveys give us the responses of visitors. We welcome

your opinions, and hope that, together, all voices will strengthen the Festival.

Smithsonian Folklife Festival

Welcome to the 2008 Festival

Diana Parker, Festival Director

The Festival is always wondrous, and this year is no exception. You will
meet winemakers from Texas, Bhutanese silk weavers, and robotic engineers
from NASA. All are masters of their trades, who can share deep knowledge
of their arts and occupational skills with you. What makes the Festival truly
extraordinary, however, is that the juxtaposition of programs creates an event
that is greater than the sum of its fascinating parts.

We are often asked how we put together each year’s combination of
programs. The answer is we don’t. It takes several years to produce programs,
and the mix of programs is based on timing rather than planning. Selecting a
program for the Festival is a very democratic process. Anyone can recommend
one; curators, audience members, ambassadors, state department officials, and
friends have suggested recent programs. We answer four questions about

an exhibit before we proceed:

Is there an interesting story that will work as a Festival program?
Are there specialists who can help us research and shape the story?
Are there overriding issues that might make it impossible to
produce the program?

Are we confident that we can fund it?

When we are satisfied with the answers to these questions, we schedule
a program in the next available year. As you might imagine, this process
creates some surprising combinations.

As we slotted this year’s three programs into the schedule, we inspired
some especially puzzled looks. But once we decided to produce the
programs, the fun began. While the Bhutan, NASA, and Texas programs
were conceived, documented, funded, and organized separately, their stafts
still found surprising overlap.

To begin with, Texas is home to the Johnson Space Center, NASA’s
center for human spaceflight activities. We learned that the campus of
The University of Texas at El Paso is filled with Bhutanese-style buildings,
thanks to a dean’s wife who fell in love with photographs published in
National Geographic magazine in the early 1900s. And Bhutan, for years, has
commemorated the U.S. space program with postage stamps.

At the Festival, we explore some even more interesting intersections.
This year, you can hear an astrologer from Bhutan and an astronaut from
NASA discuss the heavens and a Texas singer-songwriter sing “Have You
Ever Seen Dallas from a DC-9 at Night?” The next day, you can ask a
specialist from NASA’s food lab and a chuckwagon cook from Texas
about preparing food for remote locations. And I guarantee that before
the Festival is over, traditional Bhutanese will dance to time-honored
Texas dance tunes, and Texas musicians will learn dances from Bhutanese.

All of us face similar situations in our lives. Nowhere but here at
the Festival can you enjoy such a rich variety of interpretations of our

common circumstances.

Smithsonian Folklife Festiva

2008 Annual Ralph Rinzler Memorial Concert: The Conjunto of René Lopez and Ralph Rinzler

Ralph Rinzler, founding director of the Smithsonian
Folklife Festival, worked with countless gifted musi-
cians, folklorists, and producers to conduct fieldwork,
create publications and recordings, present concerts
and public programs, and implement new cultural
policies that led to diversity in the Smithsonian’s
workforce and programming. He was a strategic and
outspoken promoter of collaboration with communi-
ty-based artisans, musicians, academics, and cultural
activists with whom he diligently worked to facilitate
the Smithsonian’s acquisitions and employment of
professional staff to represent communities that were,
in the polite parlance of the time, “underrepresented”
at the Institution. The Ralph Rinzler Memorial
Concert celebrates Ralph’s mind and spirit, his
untiring and wide-ranging cultural work, his all-
encompassing humanity, his commitment to tradi-
tional musicians and artisans, and his never-ending
will to increase and diffuse knowledge in support

of cultural democracy.

The 2008 concert honors New York City’s
René Lopez, a grassroots cultural activist, lay scholar,
educator, collector, and music producer. René was
among Ralph Rinzler’s special friends and colleagues
in many groundbreaking field research projects and
musical endeavors.

René exemplifies the principles of recognition
and respect for creative and expressive agency and
profound community-based knowledge that Ralph
Rinzler fostered in founding the Folklife Festival
and in building the Smithsonian’s Center for Folklife
and Cultural Heritage. Self-taught through direct
observation and lifelong conversations and formal
interviews with musicians and through fraternal ties
with artists, their families, and their communities,
René is deeply loved by local, national, and globally
acclaimed musicians. Music writer Alan Lockwood
describes René as “one of Latin music’s great offstage
presences as lay scholar and producer of Rockefeller
Foundation and Smithsonian recordings.”

As an associate and advisor to Smithsonian
Folklife and Folkways projects, René Lopez almost
certainly has a longer and broader relationship than
anyone at the Smithsonian with Afro-Caribbean
traditional music and musicians. His grounding

in Latino music and community celebrations,

Smithsonian Folklife Festival

especially those of New York City, and his
exceptional connection to Cuban musicians and
ethnomusicologists in Cuba were central to the
evolution of Ralph Rinzler’s musical taste, Cuban
ties, Festival productions, and Folkways recordings.
They met in 1975 when the Center for Puerto
Rican Studies at New York’s Hunter College invited
René to join them in a meeting with Ralph at his
Washington, D.C., home to discuss presenting Latino
musicians at the Folklife Festival. Although they
came from different cultural and class backgrounds,
René and Ralph bonded because of their dedication
to collaborating with musicians who identified with
their communities as much as with their artistry.
Both were keen on research, documentation, and
respectful presentation of musicians and their genres
and on the importance of disseminating grassroots arts
and traditions to diverse audiences across the world.
Their collegiality led to years of Smithsonian
performances, archival documentation, recordings,
and public programs. In New York City, Ralph
made yet unpublished field recordings of Arsenio
Rodriguez, whom René called “the founder of
modern salsa music and most important spokesperson
of the time for the underlying religious and social
worldview of Afro-Cuban music.” At the 1969
Folklife Festival, Ralph recognized Arsenio as a
“folklore treasure, not just a popular musician.” René
recalls that Ralph was captivated by the harmonica
player Francisco Tan of the group Montanez y Sus
Pleneros de la Ciento Diez (110th Street).
Born in 1939 in the Bronx, New York, René,
in the midst of a vibrant musical and dance culture
of the 1940s and 1950s, encountered great musicians
like Tito Puente, Machito, Marcelino Guerra, and
the renowned Cuban band Sonora Mantancera—to
whom he later introduced Ralph—in well-attended
clubs like New York’s Palladium, where his Uncle
Catalino Rolon booked talent. His socially grounded
music taste set him on a lifelong course to friendships
with legendary musicians like Arsenio Rodriguez,
Alfredo “Chocolate” Armentero, Johnny Pacheco,
Eddie Palmieri, Ray Barreto, Manny Orquendo, and
Tito Puente. His encyclopedic knowledge of Afro-
Cuban and Afro-Caribbean musical traditions in the
Caribbean and New York City attracted the interest

of young musicians like the Gonzalez Brothers (Andy
and Jerry), Nelson Gonzalez, Oscar Hernandez,
Milton Cardona, and others who would emerge as
leaders in various genres of Latino music. Legendary
Afro-Caribbean jazz pianist Eddie Palmieri insisted
that younger band members “spend time with René
Lopez.” Bassist Andy Gonzalez, considered one of
the foremost music authorities, told me that René
became a mentor to him, “responsible for my educa-
tion, sharing everything I needed to hear when I
was studying and applying jazz scholarship to learn,
because there were no books—only history from
René and his collection—when we were up and
coming young musicians.”

In 1974, Ralph, his wife Kate, my wife Miriam,
Jim Rooney (a specialist on bluegrass music),
and I visited René and his family in their Bronx
apartment, where the soon-to-become-celebrated
Grupo Folklorico y Experimental Nuevayorquino
was rehearsing their first double-album Concepts In
Unity, which drew upon traditional Afro-Caribbean
styles such as rumba, son, bolero, bomba y plena,
and the poetics of traditional, community-based
storytelling and social singing to create a powerfully
contemporary music. Their style called attention to
New York-based Afro-Caribbean tradition bearers,
attracted audiences in Cuba (the musical source
and religious inspiration for so many of their broad,
distinctive musical talents), and synthesized Afro-
Caribbean and “Nuevayorquino” musical traditions.

Grupo Folklorico, comprised of many members
with roots in the South Bronx, became legendary
for experimental recordings that brought together
some of the most gifted, often little-noticed elder
composer-musicians (with deep connections to
Puerto Rican and other Caribbean and Latin
American communities and audiences) with some
of the brightest young musicians, who would go
on to master traditional musical genres, become
major innovators in various Latino and other
musical genres, and continue to explicitly identify
themselves and their art as grounded in traditional,
community-based music and participation.

Among the original Grupo Folklorico guest
musicians were the celebrated Julito Collazo (with

whom renowned Cuban anthropologist Fernando

René Lopez, Mario Bauza (“the Father of Latin Jazz”), Israel “Cachao”
Lopez (one of the creators of the mambo), and Giaovanni Hidalgo
(one of Latin music's greatest percussionists) gather in New York City
in 1982. Photo courtesy Harry Sepulveda

Ortiz consulted in his groundbreaking work on
Cuban African-descended music and culture) and
the recently deceased Patato Valdez, once popularly
described as the “world’s greatest conga player.”
These musicians joined other tradition bearers—
such as Los Pleneros de la 21; Israel “Cachao” Lopez,
the “inventor of mambo”; Jesus “Chucho” Valdés,
the extraordinary Afro-Cuban jazz pianist—and a
younger generation of Latino musicians, including
Andy and Jerry Gonzalez, Papo Vasquez, and Manny
Orquendo, all of whom, through direct connections
to Rene Lopez, performed at the Smithsonian and
enriched its archival and recording collections.

The historical friendship and collaboration
between Ralph Rinzler and René Lopez continue
to bear fruit, most recently in the 2007 Smithsonian

Folkways recording Tio Tom produced by René.

James Counts Early is the director of Cultural Heritage

Policy at the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural
Heritage. He served as deputy assistant secretary when
Ralph Rinzler was assistant secretary for Public Service

at the Smithsonian, and he is a close friend and longtime
colleague of René Lopez. He works on the development of
cultural heritage policy and is an activist for cultural diversity

and equity issues in national and international institutions.

Bhutan

ion under the age of ti

n the country s ric

More than a thousand years ago, the great Indian
teacher Padmasambhava came to the remote part

of the eastern Himalayas now known as Bhutan.
Although Padmasambhava (or “Guru Rinpoche,”

as he is known in Bhutan) was not the first Buddhist
teacher to come to this part of the Himalayan region,
his presence proved to be a defining and lasting
influence on the life and culture of Bhutan.

Guru Rinpoche was an important historical
figure, highly respected for his compassion and
wisdom in India and Tibet before he ever traveled
to Bhutan. He first arrived in central Bhutan before
moving west to the Paro Valley sometime in the
eighth century. According to tradition, he reached a
high cliff-side cave 2,000 feet above the Paro Valley
floor atop a flying tigress. For anyone who has been
lucky enough to see the site today (the location of the

great Taktsang, or Tiger’s Nest, monastery), it is easy

~ — —— =
—- =

&
a

to understand why this may be the only reasonable
explanation of how he got there.

Bhutan’s landing on the National Mall for the
Smithsonian’s forty-second annual Folklife Festival may
be understood as another flight of the tigress. And the
“tigress” arrives just when Bhutan’s Gross National
Happiness (GNH) measure of development is inspiring
important thought and discussion about what makes

a good society. GNH, which is not unlike Thomas

Jefferson’s “pursuit of happiness” in the U.S. Declaration

of Independence, will be celebrated during the Festival.
The Smithsonian is very happy to host Bhutan

at the 2008 Folklife Festival, the ceremonial heart

of the capital city of the United States. The event

provides a very special opportunity for American and

international audiences to experience firsthand the

remarkable life and culture of the place traditionally

known as Druk Yul (Land of the Thunder Dragon)

y, about the size of

h a population of fewer than
Althou

the world’s two most populous

ch bordered by only

, its geographically isolated location,
high up in the rugged eastern Himalayas, has
kept it unknown to most of the world.

Few places on Earth have such great natural
beauty or have such a rich cultural heritage as Bhutan.
Its vertical landscape rises abruptly from the steamy
lowland plains of Assam in northeastern India to
some of the world’s highest peaks along Bhutan’s
northern border with the Tibetan region of China.

Its diverse ecosystems—representing most of the
climatic zones found on the planet—provide refuge
to thousands of species of birds, plants, insects, and
mammals. Pristine habitats support a dazzling variety
of orchids and rare plants, including the legendary
blue poppy. There are rare birds and mammals such

as yak, takin, snow leopards, blue sheep, red pandas,
and black-necked cranes in the highlands, as well as
elephants, tigers, rhinos, and golden monkeys in the
southern lowland jungles. Sometimes called the “Land

of Medicinal Plants,’ Bhutan also has a rich traditional

pharmacopoeia that draws from the country’s rich
biodiversity. Bhutan is one of the most treasured
biodiversity hot spots in the world.

The history of Bhutan is closely associated with
the development of Buddhist culture throughout the
Himalayas, and it is one of the last places on Earth
where the Vajrayana form of Mahayana Buddhism is
practiced. It is the home of the Drukpa (People of the
Thunder Dragon), who have lived in its isolated high
valleys without occupation or colonization for more
than a thousand years. Its geography has protected and
defined its cultural heritage and traditions. Indeed, the
first road to the outside world (India) was constructed
only in the early 1960s. The total number of tourists
has averaged below 20,000 annually.

The Bhutanese have worked very closely with
their colleagues at the Smithsonian to showcase as
many of their traditions as possible. Because Bhutan
is so remote, the 2008 Smithsonian Folklife Festival
offers what may be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity
for most people to experience the rich cultural life
of the Bhutanese people. It will provide visitors the
chance to witness or participate in Bhutan’s many
music and dance traditions, which are very rarely
performed outside of the kingdom. In fact, some
of Bhutan’s highly symbolic, mystical masked dances
will be performed for the very first ime in the
United States. Audiences will learn from the dancers
themselves about the meaning of their elaborate
costumes, complex steps, rhythmic chants, and music.

They will see in one place all of Bhutan’s
thirteen traditional arts (zorig chusum). Bhutan has
taken steps to ensure that the arts of zorig chusum
continue to be taught and practiced throughout the
kingdom, and many of Bhutan’s finest artists and
craftspeople will be on the Mall to share their artistic
skills and insights. Examples of their work will be
displayed throughout the Festival site to show how
Bhutanese traditional arts are incorporated into the
daily lives of Bhutanese people.

Visitors will also encounter examples of
Bhutan’s architectural heritage and have the chance

to meet some of its finest builders. Representatives

Bhutanese masked dances reflect highly sophisticated symbolic
understandings of life in a complex universe. Photo courtesy Bhutan

from Bhutan’s religious communities will share a
unique, ten-day cycle of Bhutanese ritual life, while
practitioners of Bhutan’s traditional medicine and
some of its most celebrated cooks will explain how
contemporary Bhutanese continue to rely on the land
for much of their daily sustenance, health, and well-
being. Elsewhere on-site archers will demonstrate the
national sport, which colorfully punctuates virtually

every village celebration in Bhutan.

A popular Bhutanese tale—one that is portrayed
throughout the kingdom in homes as well as in
sacred and public places—is the story of “The Four
Friends.” The characters include a peacock, a rabbit,
and a monkey who stand on an elephant beneath
a high tree abundant with fruit. According to the
story, the peacock finds and plants a seed, which 1s
watered by the rabbit and fertilized by the monkey.
After the seed sprouts and the young plant starts
to grow into a tree, the elephant protects it. Once
the tree matures, however, its fruit is so high that
it cannot be reached by any of the four animals.
However, by standing on top of each other and
combining their strengths, they are all able to reach
the fruit and enjoy the reward of their cooperation.
In much the same way that the “Four Friends”
work to achieve something that none of them
could alone, the 2008 Smithsonian Folklife Festival’s
celebration of the life and culture of the people of
Bhutan represents the fruit of cooperation among
many people—participants, friends, and supporters—
from opposite sides of the planet. For two weeks, the
people of Bhutan will share their life and culture
with the people of the United States and the world.
It will be an intellectually and spiritually exciting
experience that will surely spark a sense of discovery,

adventure, and renewal.

SN
AANA AINA
Tashi delek! (Good wishes!)

Preston Scott is on the curatorial committee of the 2008
Folklife Festival program Bhutan: Land of the Thunder
Dragon. He has served as an advisor to the Royal
Government of Bhutan on several environmental and
cultural conservation projects and has traveled frequently

to the eastern Himalayas. As a legal advisor and consultant
to many international organizations, he has participated

in environmental conflict resolution initiatives in more

than twenty-five countries.

(Upper) Pictures of "The Four Friends—the peacock, rabbit, monkey,

and elephant—decorate homes and important public buildings throughout
Bhutan. They capture the ideal of harmony with nature and the importance
of cooperation to social well-being. Photo by Preston Scott

(Lower) The Bhutanese people's approach to the concept of Gross National
Happiness is rooted in a deep, abiding respect for the country's important
resources and traditions, as well as in caring for the needs of present and
future generations in a sustainable way. Photo copyright Michael Tobias

Her Majesty the Queen of Bhutan, Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck

For more than forty years, the Smithsonian Institution’s
annual Folklife Festival has afforded peoples around the
world the opportunity to share their liv ing cultures and
traditions in the most open, interactive, and personal
ways possible. Coming from one of the world’s smallest
and least known countries, we Bhutanese especially
look forward to presenting many aspects of our life

in the eastern Himalayas to people from the United
States and other nations at this summer's Festival on the
National Mall in Washington, D.C. We are very happy
to be a living part of this wonderful, yearly tradition
and are mindful of the great stage the Festival provides.
We know that the outside world’s reactions to Bhutan
tend to swing between two extremes. It is perceived
either as a paradise on earth or as a country completely
isolated from the rest of the world and trapped in a time
warp. Neither image is true. But it is true that Bhutan is
like no other place in the world. Its spectacular natural
beauty and pristine environment, its extraordinary
architecture and living spiritual culture, and its
monarchs’ approach to governance, which measures

the country’s progress and development not by Gross
Domestic Product but by Gross National Happiness,

is the stuff of which legends are made

Bhutan is one of the world’s smallest, most remote, and least knows
countries, but is also one of its most environmentally pristine and

culturally rich. Photo by Julia Brenna

For centuries until the 1960s when roads made
the country accessible to the outside world, Bhutan
was known as a forbidden land. Its isolation was
not a deliberate political or historical choice but
a consequence of its geography. Compared to its
neighbors, Bhutan’s population density is quite low—
about sixteen persons per square kilometer. Bhutan
is sull a predominantly agrarian country, with 79
percent of the population dependent on agriculture
for its livelihood and all Bhutanese owning their
own land. However, because of geography, only
about 8 percent of the land 1s arable. Forest covers
approximately 72 percent of Bhutan’s territory, and
perpetual snows cover nearly 20 percent.

Bhutan’s topography has to a large extent
shaped the history and way of life of the
Bhutanese people. The country can conveniently
be divided horizontally into three geographic
areas. The foothills of the south, which rise
from the Indian plains to an altitude of 1,500

meters, have thick broadleaf evergreen forests,

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fertile farmland, and a relatively high population
density (at least by Bhutanese standards).

The central temperate zone—cut off from the
foothills by the high ranges of the Inner Himalayas—
has a succession of valleys at altitudes ranging from
1,500 to 3,500 meters. The hillsides are thickly

forested with blue pine and other conifers, oak,

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magnolia, maple, birch, and rhododendron. Farmers
grow rice, millet, wheat, buckwheat, and maize,

as well as cash crops like asparagus, mushrooms,
potatoes, strawberries, apples, peaches, mandarin
oranges, and cardamom. The capital Thimphu

and most of Bhutan’s major towns and monastic

communities are located in this zone.

Above the temperate zone—at elevations
ranging from 3,500 to 5,500 meters—there are
subalpine and alpine highlands that are ringed by the
towering snow-clad peaks of the Greater Himalayas,
which include Chomolhari (7,300 meters) and
Bhutan’s highest peak Gangkar Puensum (7,541
meters). They are Bhutan’s sacred mountains and
most have never been climbed. In the summer
months, the pastures are dotted with herds of yak
and the distinctive black tents of the yak herders.
Several elements of Bhutan’s culture bring
together its diverse, sometimes-isolated peoples.
Bhutan’s official language is Dzonkha, which is
spoken mainly in western Bhutan. However, in
addition to English, there are two other major
languages—Sharchopkha (spoken mainly in eastern
Bhutan) and Nepali (spoken mostly in southern
Bhutan). There are also up to nineteen major dialects,
which have survived in isolated valleys and villages
cut off from neighboring areas by high mountains.
Most Bhutanese continue to wear the traditional
national dress—the kira for women and the gho for
men. The kira is a rectangular piece of cloth about

the size of a single bed sheet. The art of weaving,

(Above left) In Bhutan’s agrarian society, people live very close to
the land that sustains them. Photo courtesy Bhutan Department of Tourism

(Below left) Wedged between two of the world’s largest countries
(China and India) in the isolation of the eastern Himalayas, Bhutan’s
geography has allowed its people to live independently for more than
a thousand years and has provided protected habitat for a dazzling
diversity of rare plants and animals. Map courtesy National Geographic

(Right) The traditional kiras worn by Bhutanese women feature complex
designs and take many months to weave by hand

Photo courtesy Bhutan Department of Tourism

which is done almost exclusively by women, is
highly developed; an elaborate kira can take a whole
year to weave. A kira is wrapped around the body
and secured at the shoulders by a pair of silver
clasps called koma and at the waist by a tight belt,
a keyra. A wonju (an inner blouse with long sleeves)
and a tyoko (an outer jacket) complete a woman’s
outfit. Unlike most Asian women, most Bhutanese
have short-cropped hair cut in a fringe across the
forehead (although some young women in Bhutan’s
emerging urban centers prefer longer hairstyles).
The man’s gho is a one-piece costume rather
like a kimono with broad white cuffs. The gho is
pulled up to knee length and fastened at the waist
with a tight-fitting belt that forms a deep pouch

across the chest. This pouch is like a huge pocket

and is used to carry all sorts of things—money,
important papers, a wooden bow] for drinking tea,
some hard cubes of dried cheese for snacking, and

perhaps a little round box for carrying doma (betel

nut, wrapped in a paan leaf smeared with lime paste).

The most important events in the Bhutanese
calendar are religious festivals. The major ones,
which attract enormous crowds, are the domchoes
and tsechus, held annually at the big monasteries and
dzongs (enormous fortresses) all over the country.
The dates vary from year to year, but most tsechus are
held in autumn, which is a leisure period for farmers
(although the very famous tsechu in the Paro Valley in
western Bhutan is held in the spring). The highlight
of a tsechu is the religious dances performed by monks
and laymen in fabulous costumes and masks. Clowns
known as atsaras—often carrying large wooden
phalluses—entertain the crowds with their slapstick
routines in between the dances. Many individual
households hold their own private annual prayers,
or choku, followed by a feast for the whole village.

Archery, or dha, is undoubtedly Bhutan’s most
popular sport. It is traditionally played with bamboo
bows and arrows and two small targets placed
approximately 145 meters apart at opposite ends of a
field. (In international archery competition, the target
is at a distance of only fifty meters.) Every village has
an archery ground, and at important matches, the two
competing teams are supported by lively groups of
women “cheerleaders.” On holidays, several archery
matches can be underway at once. More and more
common are expensive imported bows with pulleys
that increase the speed and force of the arrows. They
are coveted status symbols among Bhutanese archers,
although traditional archers continue to use bamboo
bows and arrows with great skill. Khuru, or darts, is

another favorite sport played outdoors with the target

placed at a distance of twenty meters.

A Meditation in Dance

by Lopen Lugtaen Gyatso

The drametse ngacham is a dance form that originated in
Bhutan five centuries ago. Today, the Institute of Language
and Cultural Studies is documenting the dance. The following
is a rare insight into the tantric Buddhist teachings of this
meditation in dance.

“If you know the purpose of the dance and what the dancers
are visualizing, it is a very powerful experience,” said a teacher
at the Institute of Language and Cultural Studies. “Even the hair
on my arm stands up as the trumpets, music, and intensity of
the dance increase.”

The drametse ngacham, one of Bhutan’s best-known masked
dances, was conceived in a powerful moment of intensive
meditation. During a retreat, the dance came as a vision to

a grandson of one of Bhutan’s revered saints, Pema Lingpa.

In his vision, Khedup Kuenga Gyaltshen saw three beautiful,
celestial women (dakinis) dressed in silken gowns and adorned
with garlands of precious stones. The celestial beings guided
him to the abode of Guru Rinpoche, where the deities per-
formed a dance. Guru Rinpoche, the eighth-century spiritual
teacher who brought Buddhism to Bhutan, later instructed
Khedup Kuenga Gyaltshen to introduce the dance to the
human world for the benefit of all living beings. Khedup
Kuenga Gyaltshen noted the choreography of the dance
and taught it at the Thegchog Ogyen Namdroel Choeling
Monastery in Drametse in eastern Bhutan.

Sixteen people perform and ten others provide musical
accompaniment in the drametse ngacham, making it the
perfect example of Bhutanese masked dance. Refined artistic
skills and a flawless balance between dancers and instrumen-
talists result in fluid, uniform, and complex movements.
Drametse ngacham has twenty-one parts and lasts more
than two and a half hours. The dancers wear spectacular,
colorful costumes and masks representing real animals and
mythical beings. All the masks symbolize the wrathful and
peaceful deities of the pure lands of celestial beings. The
dancers become manifestations of these deities.

Time and space are instrumental in creating different versions
of ngacham. For many years, the dance was performed in
relative isolation in the Talo, Trongsa, and Gangteng

Archery, Bhutan’s national sport, provides frequent opportunities
for communities to gather for festive competitions. The holes found
in bread box-sized targets, shot at a distance of 145 meters
(approximately 475 feet), reflect the staggering accuracy of
Bhutanese archers. Photo courtesy Bhutan Department of Tourism

The drametse ngacham is a sacred masked dance that originated in central Bhutan more than 500 years ago. Inspired, according to Bhutanese Buddhists,
by celestial performances in honor of Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche), the dance is revered throughout Bhutan and has come to signify the nation. By
witnessing the dance and listening attentively to the sound of the drums, believers may acquire some spiritual enlightenment. UNESCO recognized the
dance as a masterpiece of intangible cultural heritage in 2005. Photo courtesy Bhutan Department of Tourism

monasteries in central and western Bhutan. Today, drametse
ngacham is widely performed in Bhutan; its choreography and
meaning differ slightly from place to place.

Visualization is critical to drametse ngacham. The dancers

picture the physical world, imagining it as the Buddha's land

of magnificent glory, where all sentient beings are peaceful or
wrathful deities with intrinsically pure, Buddha-like qualities.
They visualize endless numbers of each deity, which slowly enter
them and all things mortal to transform all ordinary beings into
extraordinary deities. Finally, the beings and the deities become
one. All visions are seen as manifestations of deities, all sounds
as divine speech beyond human understanding, and whatever
appears in the mind as the great realization of ultimate reality.
The dancers establish spiritual contact with the audience through
this powerful visualization, which serves to transmit the awakening
state of mind to all who are watching. The drametse ngacham is
truly a meditative art form.

The dancers must undergo rigorous training to achieve the right
state of mind for the dance. This explains why the dancers and the
ritual master have to complete a course in ngondro (preliminary
meditation practice) and, if possible, a class in losum chogsurn

(a three-year and three-month meditation retreat). The physical
dance itself requires years of training in order to attain perfect
synchrony among dancers.

Unlike other dances, the drametse ngacham transcends the
physical performance to become a means of enlightenment.

It is a didactic way to impart the sacred Mahayana tantric
teachings that epitomize the path to liberation and victory over
negative and evil forces. The drametse ngacham is believed to

destroy all evils and natural calamities to establish peace

and harmony. Dancers cultivate a pure vision that reflects the
Buddhist concept of direct liberation from samsara (world of
suffering). The dance exudes a spiritual energy that permeates
the whole atmosphere.

The drametse ngacham is evidence of a unique living cultural
expression. Its strong impact on society is articulated through

its popularity in the whole of Bhutan and its dominance at most
religious and secular ceremonies. The Bhutanese believe that this
dance has the power to cleanse all defilements and negative
mental actions of the dancers and the audience.

Bhutanese find the drametse ngacham spiritually empowering.
They believe that a person has to see the dance at least once

in life in order to be able to recognize the deities in the bardo—
the intermediate state between life and death, where all the
deities that appear in the ngacham are present to lead the
deceased person to higher realms. The sacred texts state that,
just by watching this dance, people can be liberated from rebirth
or avoid rebirths in lawer realms.

Lopen Lugtaen Gyatso is the director of the Institute of
Language and Cultural Studies (ILCS). Under his stewardship,
the ILCS has produced research on drametse ngacham (the
Drum Dance from Drametse), which was designated by
UNESCO in 2005 as a masterpiece of intangible cultural
heritage. Lopen Lugtaen Gyatso, a scholar and monk,
obtained a master’s degree in Sanskrit from the University

in Varanasi before joining the civil service of Bhutan.

Bhutanese call their country Druk Yul (Land of
the Thunder Dragon). According to legend, nearly a
thousand years ago, a Tibetan monk heard thunder
during the consecration of a monastery. He believed it
was the voice of a druk (dragon), loudly proclaiming the
Buddha’ teachings.

Little is known about the early history of Druk
Yul, although archeological evidence suggests that
Bhutan was inhabited as early as 2000 B.C.E. Oral
tradition indicates that at the beginning of the first
millennium, the country was inhabited by semi-
nomadic herdsmen who moved with their livestock
from foothills to grazing grounds in higher valleys
in the summer. Like other inhabitants of the
Himalayan region, they were animists, many of
whom followed the Bon religion, which held
sacred trees, lakes, and mountains.

By the eighth century C.E., with the advent of
Buddhism in the eastern Himalayas, Bhutan’s history
became closely entwined with religious figures and
the myths and legends associated with them. In the
early seventh century, the Tibetan Buddhist king
Songtsen Gampo built the first temples in Bhutan. But
another century passed before Buddhism actually took
hold in Bhutan. In 747, the Indian saint and teacher
Guru Padmasambhava first came to Bhutan. Legend
says that he manifested himself riding a flying tigress
and stayed in a meditation cave in a cliff in the Paro
Valley in western Bhutan (now the site of the famous
monastery of Taktsang, or Tiger’s Nest).

Guru Padmasambhava—or Guru Rinpoche, as
he is more commonly known in Bhutan—was a
historical figure, one still highly revered in Bhutan.

He was born in Uddiyana in the present-day Swat
Valley of Pakistan and became a renowned sage in India
and Tibet. He visited many parts of Bhutan during

his lifetime, performing miraculous feats and winning
people over to Buddhism. During this period, many
local deities became assimilated into the Bhutanese
Buddhist pantheon (usually as the protecting deities
of a particular village or valley). Many Bon practices,
particularly those that hold nature sacred in its many
manifestations, have been integrated into the Mahayana
Buddhism practiced in Bhutan. But there are still some
isolated pockets in the country where the Bon religion,

with its shamanistic practices, lives on. Bhutanese

In the eighth century C.E., the Indian Buddhist Padmasambhava
(popularly known as Guru Rinpoche) traveled to many places in
Bhutan while teaching Buddhism. He later meditated in a cave high
above Paro Valley, arriving (it is said) on the back of a flying tigress.
The magnificent Taktsang, or Tiger's Nest, monastery, which clings
to the rock face thousands of feet above the valley floor, now
memorializes the site of the cave. Photo by Preston Scott

culture remains both deeply spiritual and robustly

earthly, owing much to the religious traditions that have

influenced the country for more than a thousand years.
Today, more than 2,000 temples and monasteries

throughout Bhutan and the ubiquitous presence of

red-robed monks indicate the important role that

Buddhism continues to play in almost every aspect

of Bhutanese life. Every district in the country has

a dzong, which houses the official local monastic

community, and several temples. And every village

has a temple, around which the life of the community

revolves. People of Nepali origin, who live mainly in

southern Bhutan, follow Hinduism, the other major

religion in the country.

Three Marks of Faith

by Karma Ura

Bhutan is a deeply spiritual country, where religious customs
strongly influence people's values. Three marks of faith shape
the Bhutanese personality.

The first is prayer. Prayer includes short, daily individual acts and
liturgies led by monks or lay priests that continue for days. The
purpose and duration of prayers vary greatly. Typically, prayers
concern what people desire in this life, but they may stretch into
the next life. Rituals and petitioning prayers are conducted
frequently to solicit gracious and compassionate actions from
protector deities. Prayers may consist of mantras or sutras (the
Buddha's teachings). They may be profoundly lyrical and non-
sectarian or philosophical. Prayers may represent narrow
interests. But traditionally, most feature soul-lifting wishes for
justice and the well-being of all life-forms—the path that will
lead them to happiness. As teachings, prayers should stimulate
reflection and practice of the central values of Buddhism,

such as compassion. Their function is ultimately to shake off

the believer's convoluted and cloudy conscience, which so

easily relapses into individualistic self-centeredness. At a more
sophisticated level, prayers help believers discover what Buddhist
philosophers have described as the “wisdom mind,” which can
distinguish between the ultimate reality of things and the mental
constructions people take to be real.

Another mark of faith, or shared trait among the Bhutanese, is

the spirit of volunteerism in the construction of community temples
and the installation of spiritual offerings in temples. A 2004
national survey confirmed that no infrastructure activity required
more communal labor than that required for construction and
maintenance of temples. The annual labor contribution of each
household to large and complex temples surpassed the voluntary

labor spent in building community schools and suspension bridges
and safeguarding sources of drinking water. And it explains the
profusion of temples all over the country.

There are about 2,000 temples in Bhutan, which means that
people are never too far away from their objects of venera-
tion. Serene statues are the centerpieces of temples. These
Statues contain scriptural teachings of the Buddha and body
relics of eminent Buddhist masters. Thus, temples signify the
presence and representations of the Buddha and help to
project Buddhist insights.

Stupas (Buddhist memorials that usually house holy relics)
remind Buddhists to open their minds to understanding the
interdependence of everything, as explained by the teaching

of Interdependent Origination. They should realize that every
person can contribute to others’ happiness and well-being and
that each person needs contributions from others to achieve
happiness. Happiness depends on sustaining a pattern of giving
in meaningful relationships.

The third shared trait, or mark of faith, is the strong Bhutanese
belief in the wrongness of killing any life-form, including livestock
and wildlife. In the ideal Buddhist world, even flies or rats, which
can spread disease, should not be killed. Poultry, swine, fish, and
beef cattle should not be raised to feed human beings. In the real
world, however, Bhutanese consume an increasing amount of meat
as income rises. But they seem to feel morally more comfortable if
the meat is imported or if others slaughter the animals. The future
demands of an urban society may well clash with the very strong
belief in not taking life, one of the virtues taught by the Buddha.

Human behavior is a delicate, dynamic balance between the ideal
and the pragmatic, between individual pursuits of happiness and
social justice. Lay Buddhist ethics include constraints on individual
behavior and demands for social action. Together, they can shape
the basic relationship not only between individuals (as a respect
for human rights does), but also between individuals and other
sentient beings (which human rights do not guarantee).

Dasho Karma Ura is the director of the Centre for Bhutan Studies,
a prolific writer, and an aficionado of fine art. Karma Ura studied
at Magdalen College, Oxford, and the University of Edinburgh
where he earned a master’s degree in economics.

A silk scarf (katah) is worn as a sign of respect while polishing a statue
of Guru Rinpoche in Gangtey Monastery. Guru Rinpoche is depicted
holding a dorje (thunderbolt), which symbolizes the energy and strength
required to defeat ignorance. Photo by John Berthold

While much of the history of Bhutan’s medieval
period has been lost, because many historical records
were destroyed in a series of fires and earthquakes,
enough is known to provide an outline of major
events. For most of the medieval period, Bhutan had
no dominant authority figure. A number of local
chieftains ruled the different valleys, and there was
a great deal of conflict.

In the early seventeenth century, Zhabdrung
Ngawang Namgyel, an important Tibetan lama,
unified the country for the first time. He exercised
his authority through a series of dzongs he built across
the country, established a code of laws, and helped
institutionalize many cultural and religious traditions
that helped shape Bhutan’s identity. He is widely
regarded as the founder of modern Bhutan. In 1907,
an assembly of people’s representatives, high officials,
and important lamas unanimously elected Ugyen
Wangchuck the first hereditary king of Bhutan, and
he was given the title Druk Gyalpo. His coronation
day (December 17) is now Bhutan’s National Day.

His great grandson came to the throne in 1972.
The young Fourth King’s coronation two years later
focused the world’s attention on Bhutan. It brought the
international media to the country for the first time.
Photographs and articles published in international
journals projected Bhutan as a fairy-tale kingdom ruled
by a dazzlingly handsome young king. Soon after his
coronation, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck announced

his philosophy for the future development of his

country. He declared that Bhutan’s growth and progress

|
would be guided, as well as measured, not by its Gross
Domestic Product but by its Gross National Happiness

(GNH). It was a revolutionary concept and one that

initially invited much skepticism from economists

and other development experts. GNH was a nice

catchphrase, many of them said, but on what index
do you measure happiness? Today, the success of his
Gross National Happiness theory is widely recognized |
and has become a model for economists and planners
the world over.
Put very simply, GNH is based on the conviction
that material wealth alone does not bring happiness
or ensure the contentment and well-being of the
people; economic growth and “modernization”
should not be at the expense of the people’s quality
of life or traditional values. To promote GNH, the

Bhutanese government has given priority to several

policy areas—equitable socio-economic development
in which prosperity is shared by every region of the
country and every segment of society; conservation
and protection of the environment and the country’s
pristine natural resources; the preservation and
promotion of Bhutan’s unique cultural heritage; and
providing good, responsive governance in which the
people participate.

The highest priority has been given to rural
development by making health care and education
accessible to all, including those living in the most
remote villages; building roads and telecommunica-
tions networks; launching livestock and agricultural

development plans and their associated industries;

and promoting traditional handicrafts. All of these
endeavors aim to improve rural livelihoods and create
new job opportunities.

When Bhutan created its environmental protec-
tion program, it kept in mind mistakes made by other
countries in the neighborhood. Laws ensure that forest
cover in Bhutan never drops below 60 percent and
that industrial and commercial activities do not cause

environmental deterioration or threaten wildlife. All of

Bhutan’s hydroelectric projects are run-of-the-river
no large dams cause ecological damage or submerge
habitats. Such stringent eco-sensitive measures have not
affected the profitability of Bhutan’s power projects.
Instead, they now provide more than 40 percent of the
country’s revenue and help ensure Bhutan’s continuing
economic prosperity and independence. Environmental
and cultural concerns have also resulted in the decision
to discourage unlimited mass tourism and to prevent
exploitation of many of the country’s rich natural
resources (such as copper), which would destroy human
and natural habitats.

Laws preserve the cultural traditions that give
Bhutan its distinct identity. They encourage all
Bhutanese to wear traditional dress in public (which
helps keep alive important weaving traditions) and
strictly regulate the preservation and practice of Bhutan’s
superb architecture and traditions. Regular government
and monastic patronage and large projects for the
restoration and renovation of dzongs, monasteries, and

other historic structures guarantee that traditional artists

and craftspeople maintain the highest standards.

(Left) Paro Dzong, which was built in the 1640s, houses a monastic community and serves as the administrative seat of the Paro district in
western Bhutan. The seventeenth-century dzong, a few miles from the national airport, is surrounded by the natural splendor of the Eastern
Himalayas. Some scenes from the 1995 film Little Buddha by Bernardo Bertolucci were filmed here. Photo courtesy Bhutan Department of Tourism

(Upper right) Bhutan’s Fourth King His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck speaks with a young boy. The king was the world’s youngest monarch
when he ascended to the throne in 1972 at age sixteen. He is credited with setting Bhutan on the path to democracy before voluntarily retiring
in December 2006. Photo courtesy Bhutan Department of Tourism

(Lower right) The Bhutanese people developed their own cultural identity when Buddhism came to the region more than a thousand years
ago. They also incorporated important cultural traditions from Tibet, Nepal, and India (as reflected by this Nepali-style stupa in central Bhutan).

Photo courtesy Bhutan Department of Tourism

Bhutan’s spiritual culture permeates every aspect
of life, including the government. Even in the twenty-
first century, about 3,000 privately supported monks
and other religious teachers continue to play an
essential role in the life of the community by presiding

over festivals and rites of passage and by providing

guidance, advice, and solace. Bhutan also has lay monks,

or gomchens, who live with their families but have
acquired the religious knowledge that allows them
to conduct prayers and other religious ceremonies.
They play a particularly important role in eastern
Bhutan, where they travel from village to village to
provide services. Because monks are highly educated,
greatly respected in Bhutanese society, and influential
in shaping opinion, they now play an important new
role in national life: they are very effective agents of
social change in family planning, AIDS awareness and
prevention, and other fields of public health.

For twenty-five years, providing responsive
and participatory governance has been a priority of
Bhutan’s Fourth King. For example, in 1981 he began
the process of decentralization and democratization
by giving each dzongkhag (district) in the country the

power to determine its own development priorities.

In 1991, he extended this decision-making power to

the villages. Then, in 1998, he divested himself of his
executive powers and transferred them to a council
of ministers. To protect the future well-being of the
country, he also advanced a new law that gave the
National Assembly the power to call for a vote of
confidence in the king. In 2001, he called for a new
constitution that would give Bhutan a two (or more)-

party democratic electoral system, with an independent

judiciary and other important safeguards. In late

2005, the king began visiting the districts to hear the
people’s opinions about the new draft constitution,
allay their doubts, and personally explain to them why
he believed the new constitution would give them
greater control over their own lives and destinies for
the benefit of the country.

Despite the initial skepticism that GNH first
drew from economists and other development experts

(perhaps not unlike some of the reactions that Thomas

Jefferson must have received when he inserted the

words “pursuit of happiness” into the U.S. Declaration
of Independence), there is now concrete evidence
of its relevance in Bhutan. From 1985 to 2007, life
expectancy rose from forty-seven to sixty-six years.
Literacy increased from 23 to 59.5 percent, and
enrollment in primary schools reached 90 percent.
There are now thirty hospitals in the country and
176 basic health units. Bhutan has been named one
of the ten most important biodiversity hot spots in
the world and has been recognized for its exemplary
management of natural resources.

In 2008, the country will complete its transition
to democratic governance under the new constitution
and will celebrate 100 years of the monarchy with
the coronation of Bhutan’s Fifth King (and first
constitutional monarch). Bhutan does not want to

keep the outside world or the twenty-first century

Bhutan's many monastic communities remain vital centers of learning
and cultural life and provide important links between Bhutan’s past,
present, and future. Photo by Preston Scott

at bay. Like people everywhere, the Bhutanese also

want prosperity, but not at the expense of cherished
traditions and culture. Bhutan wants to introduce
modern technology at its own pace and according to
its own needs. This is why Bhutan waited until 1983 to
build an airport and start regular air services to Bhutan,
why it gradually increased the number of foreign
tourists from only 200 in 1974 to over 17,000 in 2006,
and why television was not introduced until 1999.

People often wonder how long, in this age of
information technology and an increasingly globalized
economy, Bhutan can retain its distinct identity and
deeply spiritual culture. One only has to see how
adeptly a Bhutanese monk uses the computer to
prepare a scroll of 100,000 prayers to put inside a
prayer wheel to realize that Bhutanese society is both
vibrant and deeply rooted in tradition—that it has an
extraordinary capacity to appreciate, absorb, and adapt
new ideas and effortlessly make them a part of the
Bhutanese way of life.

Since Bhutan’s Fourth King came to the throne
as the world’s youngest monarch at the age of sixteen

in 1972, Bhutan has enjoyed unprecedented progress.

The 2008 coronation of His Majesty King Jigme Khesar Namayel
Wangchuck, the Fifth Druk Gyalpo, will complete the transition to
democratic governance under Bhutan’s new constitution and mark
100 years of the monarchy. Photo courtesy Kuensel Corp

His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the Father
of Bhutan’s Democracy, retired in December 2006,
entrusting his responsibilities to his beloved son
and able heir, His Majesty Jigme Khesar Namgyel
Wangchuck. His Majesty the Fifth King, will guide
the nation toward greater peace and prosperity and

into a new era in Bhutanese history.

Her Majesty the Queen of Bhutan, Ashi Dorji Wangmo
Wangchuck, was born in 1955 in Nobgang, western Bhutan,
and was educated in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal,
India. She heads the Tarayana Foundation, which provides
medical, educational, and social support to people and

communities living in the most remote areas of Bhutan.

This essay was adapted from Her Majesty’s book,

Tieasures of the Thunder Dragon: A Portrait of Bhutan.

Zorig Chusum: Bhutan’s Living Arts and Crafts

The artistic traditions of Bhutan have been kept alive, promoted,
and further developed because they are useful, ennobling, and
inspirational. In fact, Bhutanese life and culture remain robust and
richly colorful due in large part to the continued teaching and

practice of zorig chusum (thirteen traditional arts).

Zorig chusum include the following arts: yigzo (calligraphy), |hazo
(painting), jimzo (sculpture), lugzo (metal casting), troezo (gold-
and silversmithing), shingzo (carpentry), tshemzo (tailoring and
tapestry), tsharzo (bamboo and container work), shagzo (wood
turning and lacquering), thagzo (weaving), dzazo (pottery),
chakzo (blacksmithing), and dozo (masonry). Shogzo (paper
making) and poezo (incense-stick making) are closely tied to

and often practiced with the traditional arts of zorig chusum.

Many Bhutanese arts and crafts have been practiced for centuries
and, since the seventeenth century, have been fostered by great
builders of dzongs (fortresses). Historian Lam Nado wrote that
the great unifier of Bhutan, the Zhabdrung, invited artists from
neighboring countries to refine the arts of clay sculpturing,
painting, and calligraphy; build the Punakha, Trashichodzong,
and Wangduphodrang dzongs; and set a formal curriculum for

The art of carving in Bhutan dates back many centuries. Artists engrave
wood or slate with images and texts to help communicate the Buddha's
teachings. Photo by Preston Scott

monastic studies. Bhutan’s fourth desi (secular ruler) established
a school of arts and crafts in the seventeenth century that
institutionalized zorig chusum. Since then, the visual arts have
been carefully cultivated as the primary means for expression

of Buddhist teachings, even in secular daily life.

In contrast to many artistic traditions elsewhere, the visual arts
of Bhutan were never considered merely decorative. While beauty
is clearly cultivated and appreciated, the fundamental purpose of
the arts in Bhutanese society is to express Buddhism and convey
genuine life experiences.

Bhutanese textiles are some of the most coveted in the world. Each region of Bhutan has its own specialties, passed down through generations.

Weavers still obtain dyes from locally available vegetables and minerals. Pieces include complex symbols and may take more than six months to weave.

Photo courtesy Bhutan Department of Tourism

Throughout Bhutan today, you can see houses, temples, monaster-
ies, government, and other public buildings that include elements
of zorig chusum. Buildings typically require masonry, carpentry, and
carving expertise. They feature stone foundations, rammed-earth
walls, and elaborately carved wooden structures, windows, doors,
pediments, and stylized architectural embellishments. Because
most Bhutanese buildings are wooden, they are easily painted
with designs that symbolize harmony and good fortune. Important
religious and government buildings usually feature murals, wall
paintings, and sculptures that portray major religious and political
figures from Bhutanese history and Buddhism. They often display
complex mandalas, richly designed compositions, and designs that
represent understandings of the cosmos, life, and death.

All around Bhutan, one can see Zorig chusum in the colorful,
intricate weaving of garments—women’s kiras and men’s ghos.
The threads and dyes that color them are produced by hand from
local and prized remote sources. Because most cloth in Bhutan
was traditionally made by hand and woven (or stitched) thread-
by-thread, textiles and related products have always been highly
valued. Like the building arts, they have an important role in ritual
life. For example, huge embroidered religious tapestries are hung
outside on the final morning of the annual masked dance festivals
in the country’s many valleys.

While many, if not most, zorig chusum have their origins in the
monastic communities of Bhutan, they have been thoroughly

incorporated into all aspects of Bhutanese society. In order to
preserve and promote the thirteen arts and crafts, the Royal
Government of Bhutan established the Institute for Zorig Chusum
in Thimphu in 1971. Another campus was subsequently opened
in far eastern Bhutan in Trashiyangtse. The campuses create
meaningful job opportunities for a new cadre of highly trained
Bhutanese artisans and craftspeople.

Thanks to the students who have received formal training in

Zorig chusum, Bhutan’s rich cultural heritage enhances the lives

of new generations of Bhutanese, as well as the experiences of
people who visit the kingdom. Some artists are beginning to
explore other forms of artistic expression not traditionally practiced
in Bhutan. These include filmmaking and other recently introduced
visual arts. Bhutanese appreciate the artistic gifts and traditions

of their visionary leaders and work to keep the arts alive and
healthy for the benefit of all.

Dorjee Tshering became the director of the Department of Culture
under the Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs for the Royal
Government of Bhutan after working for many institutions of
higher education in Bhutan and directing the National Library.

He is on the curatorial team for the Festival's Bhutan program.

Thinley Wangchuk is the director of the National Institute for
Zorig Chusum. He has extensive knowledge of Bhutanese crafts
and trained in sword smithery in Germany. He is helping curate
the arts and crafts component of the Bhutan program.

(Left) Thangkas are traditional Bhutanese paintings on cloth that are displayed during important ceremonies. They also occupy places of honor in homes,
temples, monasteries, and even contemporary offices. The artist initially draws a complex grid of geometric lines on the cloth to organize the overall
composition. Thangka geometry is taught according to very strict artistic principles from which there is little deviation. For centuries, the visual arts have
played an important role in teaching basic Buddhist traditions in Bhutan. Photo by Preston Scott

(Center and right) Bhutan’s zorig chusum (thirteen traditional arts), which include clay sculpting (jimzo), still decorate major public structures, such as
fortresses (dzongs) and temples, as well as houses. Photo (center) by Sean Riley. Photo (right) by Preston Scott

Reinforcing Culture: Tourism in Bhutan

by Siok Sian Pek-Dorji

From explorers to mountaineers, from environmental specialists
to trekkers, from culture-hungry adventurers to seven-star
jetsetters—Bhutan’s tourism continues to evolve. Today, tourism
planners want to ensure that the kingdom's $18.5 million
industry benefits not only the tour operators, but also the people.

In 2007, just over 20,000 tourists visited Bhutan—a record.
But Bhutan looks beyond numbers. Tourism is more than a
source of hard currency. It is part of Bhutan’s journey toward
development, change, and the enlightened goal of Gross
National Happiness. “We see tourism as a means by which
we can strengthen our values and our identity,” said Lhatu
Wangchuk, director general of tourism. “We've become more
aware of the value of our own culture and our uniqueness
because of the positive feedback from tourists.”

Based on evaluations from tourists and the experience of the
past four decades, the tourism department plans to involve the
people, especially those from remote communities. In the past,
cultural enthusiasts and trekkers came into contact only with
tour operators. The average Bhutanese citizen, apart from the
operators and a few handicraft manufacturers, benefited little
from the industry. Lhatu Wangchuk talks about “community-
based tourism." Even though tour operators have started taking
tourists to smaller rural tsechus, because travelers complain that
the larger festivals have become too “touristy,” the department
plans to do more. In a promising initiative, it has started to de-
velop new trekking routes and areas in remote Zhemgang and
Kheng. Staff are training local people to manage campsites,
guide, and cook for trekkers. The communities will also provide
cultural entertainment for tourists and sell local handicrafts.

The department is marketing Nabji Korphu, a pristine portion

of the Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park. The trail passes
through small mountain villages (like Monpa) and broadleaf forests
that are home to endangered wildlife, including the golden langur
and Rufous-necked hornbill. With clear conservation regulations
that restrain forestry activities, tourism is an environmentally
sensitive, ideal source of income for the people. “Our people have
always depended on the forest for their livelihood,” said a village
elder from Jangbi village. “With the area declared a national park,
many of the inhabitants have to look for new ways to survive. |
hope that tourism will give the people additional income to support
their daily life.” Camping fees and other revenue will support a
“community development fund” that will finance local irrigation
channels, renovation of monasteries, and organization of tsechus.
The fund will spread the earnings in a meaningful way.

Bhutan’s National Museum is housed in the historic Ta Dzong
(watchtower), which is nestled in the hills above Paro Dzong. Its rounded,
shell-shaped walls are an impressive accomplishment of seventeenth-
century Bhutanese architects and builders. Photo copyright Michael Tobias

Feedback from tourists has inspired the department to issue
guidelines for the development of infrastructure, facilities,
campsites, and viewpoints. They will be built with traditional
aesthetics in mind, use local materials and skills, and offer mod-
ern comforts. “The challenge is getting greater,” said Thuji Nadik,
a tourism planner. “Today, we have close to 250 tour operators,
and many more people are building tourism infrastructure with
very little understanding of what is required." Progressive plan-
ning, training, and education are essential to the new tourism
policy. The Hotel Management and Tourism Training School,
which will open in 2008, and several other government initia-
tives will guarantee high-quality service and promote Bhutan’s
magical aura. The Tourism Act will protect the country’s age-old
spiritual, environmental, and cultural heritage.

“We will not try to be someone or something
else,” said Lhatu Wangchuk. “If we lose

our culture, our identity, our uniqueness,
what do we have?”

Tourism is not just a business. It is a part of the kingdom's
journey on the middle path to progress. Tourists are guests of
the Bhutanese people. They are asked to come to share, as well
as to preserve what Bhutan has to offer.

Siok Sian Pek-Dorji is a journalist who works independently
on media and communication projects in Bhutan and is a
member of the board of directors of the Bhutan Broadcasting
Service Corporation.

Further Reading

TEXAS MUSIC: A LIVING LEGACY

BARKLEY, ROY, ETAL. Tlie Handbook of Texas Music. 2003.
Austin: Texas State Historical Association.
CORCORAN, MICHAEL. 2005. All Over the Map: True Heroes
of Texas Music. Austin: University of Texas Press.
KOSTER, RICK. 1998. Texas Music. New York: St. Martin’s
Press.

LOMAX , JOHN A. AND ALAN LOMAX. 1986. Cotwboy Songs and

Other Frontier Ballads. New York: MacMillan Publishing.

MALONE, BILL C. 1991. Country Music, U.S.A. Austin:
University of Texas Press.

PAREDES, AMERICO. 1990. With His Pistol in His Hand:

A Border Ballad and Its Hero. Austin: University of
Texas Press.

PATOSKI, JOE NICK. 2002. “What Is This Thing Called Texas
Music?” Journal of Country Music 22, (2), 6-10.

PENA, MANUEL. 1990. Téxas Mexican Conjunto: History of a
Working Class Music. Austin: University of Texas Press.

elements, government regulations, and consumer
tastes. They judge their success by sales, national
attention to the industry, satisfaction with their

own product, and the awards that Texas wines
increasingly garner. Texas is now the fifth-leading
wine-producing state in the nation; the industry
employs about 8,000 people and contributes more
than $1 billion annually to the state’s economy.

With their tasting rooms and picturesque atmospheres,
wineries have become tourist destinations. Along
with new immigrant communities, they are changing
the culinary landscape of the state. They add a new
dimension to the Texas dinner table and help expand

the perception of Texas cuisine.

Dawn Orsak has spent the last fifteen years working in the
areas of food and culture, first for Texas Folklife Resources
and most recently as executive director of the Texas Hill

Country Wine & Food Festival. She has curated over

fifty foodways presentations and has been a presenter at the

Smithsonian Folklife Festival and the Louisiana Folklife

Festival, among other events.

FROM CATTLE DRIVES TO WINERY TRAILS: FOOD AND WINE
TRADITIONS IN THE LONE STAR STATE

BERNSTEIN, JOEL AND TOM BRYANT. 1995. A Taste of Texas
Ranching: Cooks and Cowboys. Lubbock: Texas Tech
University Press.

ENGLISH, SARA JANE. 2002. The Wines of Texas: A Guide
and a History. Waco: Eakin Press.

GUERRA, MELISSA. 2006. Dishes from the Wild Horse Desert:
Nortefio Cooking from South Texas. Hoboken: John
Wiley & Sons.

MARQUEZ, SANDRA AND CANDY WAGNER. 1993. Cooking Texas
Style (1oth Anniversary Edition). Austin: University
of Texas Press.

MARSHALL, WES. 2007. The Wine Roads of Texas:

An Essential Guide to Texas Wines and Wineries.

San Antonio: Maverick Publishing Company.
WALSH, ROBB. 2002. The Legends of Texas Barbecue.

San Francisco: Chronicle Books.

——. 2004, The Tex-Mex Cookbook. New York:
Broadway Books.

Staff

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

G. Wayne Clough, Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution

Cristian Samper, Acting Secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution

Richard Kurin, Acting Under

Secretary for History, Art, and Culture

CENTER FOR FOLKLIFE AND

CULTURAL HERITAGE

Richard Kennedy, Acting Director

Kevin Blackerby, Development
Officer

Rebecca Smerling Marcus, Assistant
to the Center Director/ Special Events

Center for Folklife and Cultural

Heritage Advisory Council

Kurt Dewhurst (chair), J. Scott
Raecker (vice chair), Michael
Asch (ex officio), Mounir
Bouchenaki, Anthony Gittens,
Mickey Hart, John Herzog
(ex officio), Debora Kodish,
Richard Kurin (ex officio),
Enrique Lamadrid, Ellen
McCulloch-Lovell, Libby
O’Connell, Cristian Samper
(ex officio), Robert Santelli,
Cathy Sulzberger

Administration

Barbara Strickland, Associate
Director, Finance and Administration

Marquinta Bell,
Administrative Specialist

Eddie Mendoza, Festival
Services Manager

Mark Reedy, Accountant

Pamela Rogers, Information
Technologies Specialist

Claudia Telliho, Administrative
Specialist

Ramona Dowdal, Renny Smith,
Volunteers

Smithsonian Folkways Recordings

Daniel Sheehy, Curator and Director

Anthony Seeger, Curator and
Director (emeritus)

D. A. Sonneborn, Assistant Director

Betty Derbyshire, Financial
Operations Manager

Richard James Burgess,
Director of Marketing and Sales

Pete Reiniger, Sound
Production Supervisor

Mary Monseur, Production Manager

Margot Nassau, Royalties and
Licensing Manager

John Smith, Marketing and
Sales Specialist

Henri Goodson, Financial Assistant

Mark Gustafson, Marketing Specialist

Laura Dion, Marketing
and Sales Specialist

Helen Lindsay, Lead Customer
Service Representative

Ronnie Simpkins,
Audio Recording Specialist

Keisha Martin, Manufacturing/
Inventory Manager

Norman van der Sluys, Customer
Service Representative

Kathy Wasik, Sales Specialist

David Horgan,
E-Marketing Specialist

Julian Lynch, Customer Service
Representative

William Chase, Matthew Dayton,
Eileen Dorfman, Gwendolyn
Grootenboer, Zachary Hall,
Micah Hendler, Joselyn Jang,
Maria Lopez Forero, Ellen
Lueck, Hayley McCamey,
Francisco Orozco, Doug Peach,
Corey Shinko, Zorawar Shukla,
Interns

Smithsonian Global Sound

Toby Dodds, Technology Manager

Amy Schriefer, Program Coordinator

Kathryn Gilchrest, Jessica Keyes,
Naomi Setchell, Interns

Smithsonian Folkways Advisory Council

Michael Asch (chair), Patricia
Shehan Campbell, Hal Cannon,
Don DeVito, Ella Jenkins,
Anthony Seeger, Fred Silber

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives
and Collections

Jeffrey Place, Archivist

Stephanie Smith, Assistant Archivist

Elizabeth Almlie, Laura Blair,
Garrett Girmus, Amanda
Holgate, Marissa Jensen,
Katherine Kosin, Emilia
Mahaffey, Amulya Mandav,
Jack Manischewitz, Stephanie
Massaro, Penelope Morgan,
Enid Ode, Britt Powell, Nicole
Schneidman, Laraine Weschler,
Interns

Cultural Heritage Policy

James Counts Early, Director

Cultural Research and Education

Olivia Cadaval, Chair

Thomas Vennum Jr., Senior
Ethnomusicologist (emeritus)

Betty J. Belanus, James Deutsch,
Marjorie Hunt, Diana Baird
N’Diaye, Peter Seitel (emeritus),
Curators, Folklorists, Education
and Cultural Specialists

Cristina Diaz-Carrera, Latino
Program Specialist

Robert Albro, Geri Benoit, Carla
Borden, Irene Chagall, Andrew
Cruz, Patrick Delatour, Roland
Freeman, Nancy Groce, Frank
Proschan, Sita Reddy, Sam-Ang
Sam, Jests “Chucho” Valdes,
Patrick Vilaire, Research Associates

Omotayo Jolaosho, Fellow

Eleana Diaz, Noam Elsner, Hannah
Garfinkle, Cecily Hart, Vanessa
Herrera, Gabriel Cristover Perez,
Alexandra Papagno, Shawna
Pies, Sarah Searcy, Laura
Service, Katie Wynn, Interns

SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL

Diana Parker, Director

Stephen Kidd, Production Manager

Alana Pryor Ackerman, Assistant
to the Festival Director

Linda Benner, Assistant to
Administration

Gus Stickel, Assistant to
Administration

Kimberly Seibel, Financial Assistant

Emily Maistrellis, Intern

Participant Support

Jennifer Neely, Participant
Coordinator

Naheed Ahmed, Spencer Ford,
Karma Yonten, Participant
Assistants

Eileen Groell, Housing Coordinator

Dana Caftfee-Glen, Social
Coordinator

Katey Blumenthal, Transportation
Coordinator

Katie Aiken, Assistant
Transportation Coordinator

Sally Diykerman, Brooks Hays,
Interns

Technical Support

Rob Schneider, Technical Director

Anthony Milby, Assistant
Technical Director

Rebecca Berlin, Assistant
to the Technical Director

Charlie Marcus, Eric Nance,
Electricians

Ray Reed, Pipe Fitter

Joshua Herndon, Carpenter

John Bullock, Terry Meniefield,
Elisa Miller, Alaric Strickland,
Crew Leaders

Tim Bergstrom, Ralph Derbyshire,
Anton Kavetski, Chris Martin,
Jesse Shaw, Katharine Shiffer,
Rebecca Sullesta, Exhibit Workers

Dave Lanning, Trucking

Stephen Fisher, Sound and
Stage Supervisor

Nate Lannon, Sound
Equipment Manager

Kim Buchanan, Jeanette Buck,
David Clements, Rachel
Cross, Michael Doucet, Licia
Galinsky, Sissy Lang, Brandon
Prendergast, Sarah Pilzer, Dawn
Welsh, Stage Managers

Colleen Americh, Saul Broudy,

Harry Cimermanis, Paul Cogan,

Dennis Cook, Henry Cross,
Ken Derr, Steven Edwards,
Jeff Garrettson, Alison
Goessling, Chris Kozlowski,
Gregg Lamping, Dean
Languell, Pat McGee, Michael
Manoukian, Charlie Pilzer,
James Welsh, Sound Engineers
Edmund Downie, Intern

Publications
Mary Sebold, Editor

Design and Production

Krystyn MacGregor Confair,
Art Director

Joan Erdesky, Production Manager

Zaki Ghul, Graphic Designer

Chloe Steinhoff-Smith, Intern

Documentation

Charlie Weber, Video
Documentation Coordinator
Jeffrey Place, Audio
Documentation Coordinator
Stephanie Smith, Photo
Documentation Coordinator
Noah DeBonis, Michael Headley,
Interns

Education and Program Support

Arlene Reiniger, Intern Coordinator

Kevin Blackerby, Accessibility
Coordinator

Candace Barnes, Jean Bergy, Jackie
Bruce, Martin Hiraga, Kimberly
Veney, Hank Young, American
Sign Language Interpreters

Becky Haberacker, Amy Kehs,
Public Affairs

Jennifer Endick, Public Affairs Intern

Michelle DeCesare, Supply
Coordinator

Whitney Brown, Supply Assistant

Sam Baker, Supply Intern

Beverly Simons, Foodways
Coordinator

Amy Garrett, Volunteer Coordinator

Gwynneth Anderson, Assistant
Volunteer Coordinator

Joseph Kowaleski, Karlie Leung,
Volunteer Interns

Marketplace

Jennifer Hale, Craft Sales Coordinator

A.C. Stickel, Operations Manager

Stephanie Vann, Craft Sales Assistant

Violeta Duncan, Amanda
Rodichok, Interns

Staff

Bhutan: Land of the

Thunder Dragon

His Royal Highness Prince Jigyel
Ugyen Wangchuck, Head of the
Bhutan Delegation

Dorjee Tshering, Richard Kennedy,
Preston Scott, Curatorial Team

Damcho Rinzin, Arlene Reiniger,
Program Coordinators

Katey Blumenthal, Dorji, Assistants

Bhutan Curatorial/

Production Committee

Dorjee Tshering, Director,
Department of Culture

Damcho Rinzin, Research Officer,
Bhutan Tourism Council

Dorji Wangchuk, Director, Folk
Heritage Museum

Dorji Wangchuk, Director, National
Institute for Traditional Medicine

Dorji Yangki, Chief Architect,
Department of Culture

Lopen Gyeltshen, Chief
Administrative Officer,
Central Monastic Body

Jigme Cholen Yezer, Former
Principal, National Institute
for Zorig Chusum

Karma Dukpa, Director,
Department of Forests

Phuntsok Tashi, Director,
National Museum of Bhutan

Phurba Dorji, Officiating
Principal, Royal Academy
of Performing Arts

Sangay Wangchug, Former Secretary,
Department of Culture

Singye Dorji, Head,
Textile Museum

Singye Wangmo, Communication
Services, Ministry of Agriculture
Sonam Choden, Nature Conservation
Division, Department of Forests
Thinley Gyamtsho, Former Principal,
Royal Academy of Performing Arts

Thinley Wangchuk, Principal,
National Institute for Zorig Chusum

Carly Amster, Katlyn Burns,
Khenden Dorjee, Michael Myer,
Ari Palawi, Zorawar Shukla,
Interns

Chime Paden Wangdi, Choeki
Wangzom, Deki Wangmo,
Gem Dorji, Goen Tshering,
Karma Lhendup, Karma
Phuntsho, Karma T. Wangchuk,
Kinley Dorji, Kunzang Choden,
Kuenzang Dorji Thinley,
Kuenzang Thinley, Paljor
Dorji, Phuntsok Tashi, Sangay
Wangchug, Sonam Choki,
Sonam Dorji, Thinley Namgyel,
Thinley Wangchuk, Tshewang
Dendup, Ugen Choden,
Presenters

Chhimmy Pem, Kesang Wangdi,
Kinley Dorji, Kunzang Choden
Namgyel, Minjur Dorji, Penden
Wangchuk, Phuntsho, Sonam
Tobgay, Resource People

Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo
Wangchuck (Honorary Chair),
Krista Amason, Dr. Bruce W.
Bunting, Walter Cronkite,
Ambassador Daw Penjo,
Michael Doucet, Eva Haller,
Mickey Hart, Steven Hoch,
Yo-Yo Ma, Dr. Diana Natalicio,
Donald Rubin, Victoria P. Sant,
Dr. Michael Tobias, Leadership

Committee

NASA: Fifty Years and Beyond

James Deutsch, Program Curator

Dorey Butter, Program Coordinator

Kim Stryker, Family Activities
Coordinator

Gale Allen, Beth Beck, Claudette
Beggs, Luis Berrios, Rosalie
Betrue, Sallie Bilbo, Dawn
Brooks, Stacey Brooks, Beth
Brown, Fred Brown, Joshua
Buck, Todd Cannon, Tara
Clopper, Carmel Conaty, Leslee
Cork, Anita Davis, David
Defelice, Steve Dick, Wanda
Dockery, Kristen Erickson,
Michelle Ferebee, Debbie
Gallaway, Steve Garber, Elaine
Gause, Ed Goldstein, Mary
Ann Harness, Robert Hopkins,
Jim Hull, Winnie Humberson,
Cheryl Johnson, Michelle Jones,
Dave Lavery, Laura Lewis,
Steve Lighthill, Rocky Lind,
Dan Lockney, Bonnie McClain,
Linda Matthews-Schmudt, Bryon
Maynard, Cheri Miller, Ruth
Netting, Nora Normandy, Louis
Parker, Tom Powers, Debbie
Rivera, Carla Rosenberg,
Karen Rugg, Bette Siegel, Mary
Sladek, Tony Springer, Pam
Steel, Jim Stofan, Ann Marie
Trotta, Janelle Turner, Bert
Ulrich, Erika Vick, Katie Veal
Wallace, Derek Wang, Joey
Williams, Dan Woodard, NASA
Coordination Team

Isabel Aha, Julia Bernstein, Nick
Bocchino, Samantha Borzi,
Abigail Evans, Sara Gromley,
Rebecca Hinkle, Mariah Smith,
William Smith II, Talia Weisz,
Interns

Texas: A Celebration of

Music, Food, and Wine

Pat Jasper, Curator

Dawn Orsak, Foodways and Wine
Curatorial Consultant

Amanda Pike, Program Coordinator

Stacey Martin, Emily Troll,
Katie Wynn, Interns

Ralph Rinzler Memorial Concert

James Counts Early, René Lopez,
Curatorial Advisors

Rebecca Smerling Marcus,
Coordinator

Joan Lopez, James Counts Early,
Presenters

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Dirk Kempthorne,
Secretary of the Interior

Mary Bomar, Director,
National Park Service

Daniel N. Wenk, Deputy Director,
National Park Service

Joseph M. Lawler, Regional Director,
National Park Service

Dwight E. Pettiford, Deputy Chief,
United States Park Police

Margaret O'Dell, Superintendent,
National Mall and Memorial Parks

Rick Merryman, Chief, Division
of Park Programs

Leonard Lee, Permit Specialist,
Division of Park Programs

Richard Durett, Public Health
Consultant

Steve LaBel, Deputy Associate
Regional Manager

Alice McLarty, Park Landscape
Architect

Karen Cucurullo, Special Assistant
for Partnerships, National Mall and
Memorial Parks

Robert Karotko, Chief, Division of
Visitor Services, National Mall and
Memorial Parks

Jorge Alvarez, Acting Chief, Division

of Maintenance, National Mall and
Memorial Parks

Employees of the National Park
Service and the United States
Park Police

SMITHSONIAN SUPPORT
FOR THE FESTIVAL

Office of the Secretary

Office of External Affairs
Office of Development

Office of Sponsored Projects
Office of the General Counsel

Office of the Undersecretary

for Administration

Facilities Engineering and
Operations

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and Construction

Office of Facilities Management

Horticulture

Transportation

Office of Facilities Reliability

Office of Facilities Planning
and Resources

Office of Architectural History
and Historic Preservation

Office of Project Management

Office of Protection Services

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and Protocol

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Officer

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Travel Services Office

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Office of Risk Management

Office of Planning and Budgeting

Office of Financial Systems
Integration

Office of the Under Secretary
of History, Art, and Culture
National Museum of the
American Indian
Smithsonian Center for
Latino Initiatives
National Programs
The Smithsonian Associates
Smithsonian Affiliations
Smithsonian Institution
Traveling Exhibition Service
Smithsonian Center for
Education and Museum Studies
Freer Gallery of Art

Office of the Under Secretary
for Science
Office of International Relations
National Air and Space Museum
Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory
National Museum of
Natural History

Smithsonian Business Ventures

Smithsonian Magazine

Staff

Sponsors and Special Thanks

SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL
SPONSORS

The Smithsonian Folklife
Festival is supported by federally
appropriated funds; Smithsonian
trust funds; contributions

from governments, businesses,
foundations, and individuals;
in-kind assistance; and food,
recording, and craft sales. General
support for this year’s Festival
comes from the Latino Initiatives
Pool, administered by the
Smithsonian Latino Center, and
the Music Performance Fund,
with in-kind support provided
through Motorola, Sprint,
WAMU-88.5 FM, Whole Foods

Market, and WashingtonPost.com.

BHUTAN: LAND OF THE

THUNDER DRAGON

This program is produced in
partnership with the Royal
Government of Bhutan. Major
Donors to the program are the
Bhutan Department of Tourism
and the Dancing Star Foundation.
Donors include the Bhutan
Foundation and an anonymous
donor. Contributors to the
program are the Frank W. Hoch
Trust, the Shelley & Donald
Rubin Foundation, Lawrence
Small, and the Summit Fund of
Washington. Additional support
is provided by the Himalayan
Youth Foundation, Eva and Yoel
Haller, Friends of the Royal
Textile Academy of Bhutan,
Exclusive Resorts, Francis and
Kathleen McNamara, New

Tourism & The Harmony Project,

the Sager Family Foundation,
Butterfield & Robinson, The

University of Texas at El Paso,
and Aman Resorts.

Sponsors and Special Thanks

Special Thanks

Individuals

Prime Minister Jigmi Y. Thinley,
Her Majesty Ashi Dorji Wangmo
Wangchuck, Marcia Aaron, Tom
Abraham, Marlene Adler, Warren
Amason, Francine Berkowitz,
John Berthold, David Bidwell,
Angel Braestrup, Julia Brennan,
Bruce W. Bunting, Allen Carroll,
Jonathan Coddington, Andrew
Connors, Brian Corbett, Carina
Courtright, Daphne Hoch
Cunningham, Dawa Sherpa,
Ambassador Daw Penjo, Deki
Wangmo, Karine Dinev, Dorjee
Tshering, Dorji Gyeltshen, Dorji
Wangchuk, Pamela Ebsworth,
Steve Evans, Michael Faulkner,
Shaun Faulkner, William Fischer,
Patrizia Franceschinis, Robert
Freling, Eva Haller, Yoel Haller,
Jane Hancock, Brad Handler,

Danielle Harsip, Mark Hassenberg,

Janet Herman, Leonard Hirsch,
Lisina Hoch, Roland Hoch,
Steven Hoch, Linda Howard,
David Inouye, Jigme Yezer, Peter
Kaestner, Karma Letho, Karma
Ura, Kesang Wangdi, Phil Kline,
Richard Kurin, Alix Laager,
Harriet Lankford, Tom Lankford,
Caryl Levine, Ambassador Lhatu
Wangchuk, Hans Li, Joseph Lo,
Lopen Lungten Gyatso, Michael
Mars, Glenda Martin, Jim
McClelland, Kathleen McNamara,
Bill McNulty, Hemanta Mishra,
Jane Morrison, Diana Myers,
Nangze Dorji, Diana Natalicio,
Daniel Nestel, Nyingtob Pema
Norbu, Mark Ormond, Bruce
Payne, Penden Wangchuk, Paula
Perlis, Mansir Petrie, Courtney
Petrov, Francoise Pommaret,
Leslie Prosterman, Anita Randall,
Sean Riley, Walter Roder, Donald
Rubin, Shelley Rubin, Michael
Rutland, Bobby Sager, Lyonpo
Sangay Ngedup, Victoria P. Sant,

Kay Sawyer, Ann Shaftel, Cynthia
Sharpe, Sherub Gyaltshen, Raja
Siddigi, Kevin D. Simmons,

Siok Sian Pek-Dorji, Sithey,
Lawrence Small, Robin Smilie,
Sonam Dorjee, Sonam Dorji,
Mark Spaulding, Nevzer Stacey,
Rozann M. Stayden, Larry
Stuebing, Lee Talbot, Marty
Talbot, Marilyn Tam, Tandin
Namgyel, Tashi Zangmo,
Tenzing Namgyal Namda,
Thinley Wangchuk, Tobgay
Sonam Namgyal, Michael Tobias,
Tsering Dem, Tshering Wangmo,
Tshewang Dendup, Lyonpo Ugyen
Tshering, Ugyen Tshewang,

K. Vinod, Adrienne Vittadini,
Rebecca Winsor,

Sandra S. Wright, Yeshey

Norbu, and Bradford Zak

Organizations

Aman Resorts, Association of
Bhutanese Tour Operators, Bhutan
Department of Tourism, Bhutan
Post Corporation, Bhutan Tourism
Council, Butterfield & Robinson,
Choki Traditional Art School,
Dancing Star Foundation, Druk
Air Corporation, Folk Heritage
Museum, National Geographic,
Permanent Mission of the
Kingdom of Bhutan to the United
Nations, Rand Construction,
Royal Bhutan Army, Royal
Bhutan Police, Royal Body
Guards, Royal Bhutanese Embassy
in New Delhi, Royal Textiles
Museum, Rubin Museum of Art,
The Art League School, The Blue
Poppy Nursery, The Spice House,
United Nations Development
Program, United States Embassy
in New Delhi, University

of Maryland Department of
Biology, University of Maryland
Department of Plant Science

and Landscape Architecture,

and the World Foundation for
Environment and Development

NASA: FIFTY YEARS AND BEYOND
This program is produced in
partnership with the National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA). Jacobs
Technology Inc. is a Donor

to the program. Contributors
are Lockheed Martin, Boeing,
Northrop Grumman, and
United Space Alliance.

Special Thanks

Ames Research Center, Dryden
Flight Research Center, Goddard
Space Flight Center, Glenn
Research Center, Jet Propulsion

Laboratory, Johnson Space Center,

Kennedy Space Center, Langley
Research Center, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Stennis Space
Center; Aeronautics Research
Mission Directorate, Exploration
Systems Mission Directorate,
Science Mission Directorate,
Space Operations Mission
Directorate; NASA Office

of the Administrator, Office

of Education, Office

of Communications Planning,
Office of Legislative and
Intergovernmental Affairs,
Office of Public Affairs, Office
of the General Counsel; Coalition
for Space Exploration, Delaware
North Companies Parks &
Resorts, Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics,
Innovative Partnership Program,
Kansas Cosmosphere and Space
Center, NASA Edge, NASA
TV, National Federation of the
Blind, U.S. Astronaut Hall of
Fame, U.S. Space & Rocket
Center; Kira Blackwell, Jacobs
Technology; Kate Kronmiller,
United Space Alliance;
Jacqueline Leggett, Strategy
Bridge International; Tim
McElyea, Media Fusion;
Carmina Mortillaro, and

Space Center Houston

Other Smithsonian Units

National Air and Space Museum
National Museum of
Natural History
Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory

TEXAS: A CELEBRATION OF

MUSIC, FOOD, AND WINE

This program is produced in
partnership with the Texas Office
of the Governor, Economic
Development and Tourism. The
Major Donor to the program is
the Texas Commission on the
Arts. Contributors to the program
include the Texas Department of
Agriculture, the City of El Paso,
Houston Endowment Inc., the
San Antonio Convention &
Visitors Bureau, and the City of
San Antonio Office of Cultural
Affairs. Additional support for
this program is provided by the
Music Performance Fund, with
major in-kind support provided
by Southwest Airlines.

Special Thanks

Individuals

Special thanks to Yolanda
Alameda, Ray Benson, Andy
Bradley, Julie Chase, Areon S.
Demerson, Harold Dodd, Alfonse
Dotson, Farhat Elmohtaseb,

Deb Fleming, Dick and Marilyn
Gimble, Alan Govenar, Rayna
Green, Ann Hamilton, Rick

Hernandez, Matt Hubbard, Nancy

Fly, Jim and Karen Johnson,
Carl Lindahl, Yolanda Lopez,
Adair Margo, Bill Martin, Kent
Martin, Davis McLarty, Jim Bob
McMillan, Rick Mitchell, Casey
Monahan, Steve Orsak, Felix

Padron, Lisa Pollard, Manuel Pena,

Betsy Peterson, Rose Reyes, Peter
Schwarz, Billy Proctor Shaw,

Clay Shorkey, Brad Smyth, Emily
Todd, Lance Webb, John Wheat,
Scott White, Laura Wiegand, Jo

Ann Williams, and Roger Wood

Organizations

Automobile License Plate
Collector’s Association, Sharp’s at
Waterford Farm, Tarara Winery,
Trilogy Glass & Packaging

GENERAL FESTIVAL IN-KIND
CONTRIBUTIONS

AAA Tree Service, Arlington
Costco, Austin Grill, Bob Baer,
The Bagelry, Bob’s Red Mill
Natural Foods, The Behnke
Nurseries Company, Counter
Culture Coffee, Donald B. Rice
Tire Company, Dunkin’ Donuts,
Einstein Bros. Bagels, First Shot
Photo & Carriage and Horse

& Buggy Days of Texas, Carol
Hatcher, The Jel Sert Company,
Jernigan’s Taxidermy, Johnson’s
Florist & Garden Centers, G.I.
Milligan and Ike’s Accordions,
Krispy Kreme Doughnuts,
Nellie’s Sports Bar, Newington-
Springfield Costco, Subway,
Target of Bowie, Target of
Silver Spring, Tim’s Plate Store,
Vintage Nurseries, and Weed
Badger Division

Sponsors and Special Thanks

Festival Participants

pnutan Lanc of th

RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS

Zhung Dratsang (Monastic Body)
Venerable Tsheney Lopen Tandin
Tshewang, Thimphu District,

ritual chief

Rinzin, Wangdue Phodrang District,
chant master

Gyeltshen,
Wangdue Phodrang District,
choepen (shrine person)

Kinzang Tshering, Chukha District,
dhung (long horn) player

Namgay Wangchuk, Punakha
District, mandala maker

Tazi, Chukha District,
torma (ritual cake) maker

Yangka, Paro District, astrologer

Chimi, Wangdue Phodrang District,
masked dancer

Kado, Punakha District,

jaling (wind instrument) player

Kencho, Thimphu District,
nga (drum)/kangdung (horn)/
dhungka (conch) player

Kinley Penjor,

Wangdue Phodrang District,
nga (drum)/kangdung (horn)/
dhungka (conch) player

Kinley Penjor, Punakha District,
masked dancer

Pema Dorji, Thimphu District,
dancer

Bhutan Participants

Thunder Drago

Shokey, Punakha District,
masked dancer

Penpa, Paro District,
dhung (long horn) player

Tashi Wangchuk, Thimphu District,

jaling (wind instrument) player

Tshering Dorji, Thimphu District,
chief leader

Tshewang Rigzin, Haa District,
masked dancer
MUSIC AND DANCE TRADITIONS

Royal Academy of
Performing Arts (RAPA)

Apa Dodo, Wangdue Phodrang
District, masked dancer

Dengo, Trongsa District, dancer

Dorji Dakpa, Samdrup Jongkhar
District, dancer

Dorji Norbu, Samdrup Jongkhar
District, masked dancer

Kencho Wangdi, Paro District,
dancer

Khandu, Paro District, masked

dancer

Kinley Penjor, Trongsa District,
dancer

Lhaden, Bumthang District, dancer
Nim Dem, Paro District, dancer

Pema Lhamo, Bumthang District,
dancer

Pema Tenzin, Mongar District,
dancer

Pema Wangdi, Dagana District,
musician

Penjor, Paro District, masked dancer

Phub Lham, Punakha District,
dancer

Rinchen Wangdi, Mongar District,
dancer

Sangay Wangmo, Trashi Yangtse
District, dancer

Sherab Dorji, Trashi Yangtse District,
masked dancer

Sonam Chogyel, Zhemgang District,
masked dancer

Tashi Lhamo, Paro District, dancer

Tashi Phuntsho, Pema Gatshel
District, musician

Thinley Pemo, Trashigang District,
dancer

Tshering Dorjee, Haa District,
masked dancer

Tshering Wangdi, Trashigang District,
masked dancer

Ugyen Tshewang, Pema Gatshel
District, masked dancer

Wangchuk, Wangdue Phodrang
District, dancer

Wangchuk, Trashigang District,
masked dancer

Wangchukla, Zhemgang District,
musician

Yeshi Wangchuk, Paro District,
masked dancer

ZORIG CHUSUM
(THIRTEEN TRADITIONAL ARTS)

Chimi Pelmo, Thimphu District,
incense maker

Dawa Gyeltshen, Mongar District,
wood carver

Dawa Penjor, Wangdue Phodrang
District, incense maker

Debu Zangmo, Mongar District,
bamboo weaver

Deki, Trashi Yangtse District, weaver

Dung Dorji, Bumthang District,
calligrapher

Karma Sonam Yuden, Mongar
District, wood carver

Kinzang Wangdi, Trashigang District,
painter

Kinzang Wangmo, Bumthang
District, potter

Kumbu, Wangdue Phodrang District,
painter

Namgyel Dema, Trashigang District,
weaver

Nim Dorji, Paro District, clay
sculptor

Pelden Dorji, Trashi Yangtse District,
wood turner

Phajo, Paro District, blacksmith

Ponyala, Mongar District, bamboo
weaver

Rada, Wangdue Phodrang District,
embroiderer

Rinchen, Punakha District, gold-
and silversmith

Rinzin Wangmo, Bumthang District,
weaver

Sangay Tenzin, Wangdue Phodrang
District, painter

Seldon, Lhuntse District, weaver

Singay Karmo, Punakha District,
embroiderer

Tashi, Thimphu District, silversmith

Tenzin Thinley, Trashi Yangtse
District, wood carver

Thinley, Paro District, painter

Thinley Dorji, Haa District,

slate carver

Tshering Dorji, Trashi Yangtse
District, wood turner

ARCHITECTURE

Karma Wangchuk, Trongsa District,
building engineer

Karma, Punakha District

Khandu, Punakha District
Lhendup, Punakha District
Namgay Tshering, Punakha District

Nim Dorji, Wangdue Phodrang
District

Pem Tshering, Lhuntse District
Phurpa Tshering, Punakha District

Tshewang Dorji,
Wangdue Phodrang District

Zeko, Punakha District

FOODWAYS

Phurpa Lhamo, Trashigang District
Tashi Dorji, Mongar District
Tandin, Mongar District

PEOPLE AND ENVIRONMENT
Karma Wangdi, Punakha District

Kencho Zam, Thimphu District,
Layap farmer

Singye Wangmo, Punakha District
Sonam Choden, Thimphu District

Tshering, Gasa District, Layap

farmer

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Dorji Uden, Bumthang District,
doctor

Sonam Dorjee, Trongsa District

Sonam Tobgay, Mongar District,
doctor

Participants Bhutan

Festival Participants

AERONAUTICS

Tom Benson, Glenn Research
Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Tom is a senior research engineer,
who for thirty-five years has built,
tested, verified, and applied large
computer programs that model
the flow of gases through high-

speed airplane engine components.

He is also the author of The
Beginner’s Guide to Aeronautics,
an educational Web site that
describes the math and science
associated with airplanes, turbine
engines, model rockets, and kites.

Glenn Brehm, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

Glenn has thirty-four years

of experience as an aerospace
technician operating and
maintaining subsonic, transonic,
and hypersonic wind tunnels and
aero-acoustic facilities. He has
tested models of aircraft, Space
Shuttles, hypersonic propulsion
engines, reentry vehicles, and
aircraft noise—reduction concepts.
He supported tests of a hypersonic
scramjet engine that flew at
Mach to and set a Guinness
World Record.

NASA Participants

Thomas Burns, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia
Thomas works as the section head
in the Fabrication Technology
Development Branch where he is
responsible for the development
of test-article prototypes using
rapid prototyping, materials
casting, composite materials,

and laser ablation technologies.
He 1s a recipient of the NASA
Exceptional Service Medal.

Lawrence Cooper, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

Larry is a quality assurance
specialist and certified metallurgist
who inspects materials for aircraft,
spacecraft, and wind tunnel
models. These materials have
been used on Earth- and Mars-
observing satellites, a rocket-
powered aircraft designed to fly
on Mars, a cryogenic wind tunnel,
and models of Orion, which will
return humans to the moon.

Rich Coppenbarger, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, California
Rich has been with NASA

since 1988 and has undertaken

a pivotal role in transferring
critical technologies—developed
under NASA’s Airspace Systems
Program—to the Federal
Aviation Administration for
near-term deployment. Rich has
a BS in aerospace engineering
from the University of Arizona
and an MS in aeronautical

and astronautical engineering
from Stanford University.

Luci Crittenden, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

Luci, a senior flight operations
engineer, knew from childhood
that she wanted to be involved
in aviation. She is an expert on
guiding scientists from ideas

to proof of concept in flight
tests and has conducted flight
operations in many states. She
also has a background in flight
simulation, aging aircraft, and
runway friction studies.

Johnny Ellis, Langley Research

Center, Hampton, Virginia

Johnny is a technical team

lead with more than twenty-

five years of experience in
hypersonic aerothermodynamics,
wind tunnel operations, data
acquisition, and model setup.

He is a recipient of the NASA
Exceptional Service Medal.

Robert Everett, Glenn Research
Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Bob, a senior mechanical
engineering technician, has
twenty-eight years of extensive
experience using a variety of
aerospace materials to help design
and manufacture prototype

and spaceflight hardware. He
has a broad background
working with industry,
aerospace manufacturers, and
academia. Bob is often consulted
for his expertise in electro-
discharge machining processes.

Greg Gatlin, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

As an aerospace engineer at
Langley, Greg has conducted
wind-tunnel investigations on
various aircraft for twenty-five
years. These investigations have
included advanced fighters, the
National Aero-Space Plane,
and subsonic transports. He

has examined the effects of
engine power, high-lift systems,
control surface deflections, and
variations in configurations,
with results often leading to
improvements in vehicle designs.

Frank Jones, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

Frank is an aerospace engineer
who manages flight and simulator
services, which support lunar
flight and science missions to
study how atmospheric pollution
contributes to climate change.
Frank has helped develop
technologies that reduce aviation
accidents and protect today’s air
travelers. He also worked on

an early configuration of the
International Space Station.

Parimal Kopardekar, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, California
Parimal works as a principal
investigator for the NextGen
Airspace Systems Project. He
previously conducted research and
development activities in the area
of air traffic management for the
Federal Aviation Administration.
He holds MS and PhD degrees
in industrial engineering and

a Bachelor of Engineering in
production engineering.

Herbert Lawrence, Glenn Research
Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Herb began his NASA career in
1979 in the Wood Model Shop,
designing and building research
hardware for aeronautics and
space research projects. Since
then, Herb has used carbon-
fiber materials to support jet-
engine development projects
and various new technologies
for aeronautics research projects.
He is a three-time recipient

of the NASA Glenn Research
Center Craftsmanship Award.

Greg Poteat, Dryden Flight Research
Center, Edwards, California

Greg works in the Strategic
Communications Office, where he
serves as the lead in the Innovative
Partnerships Office. In this role,
he is responsible for coordinating
the efforts of Dryden’s technology
transfer program, which includes
identifying emerging new NASA
technologies and submitting

them for patent protection.

Thomas Prevot, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, California

For the past fifteen years, Tom
has been engaged in research on
future air transportation concepts,
especially on air traffic controller
and flight-crew interaction

with advanced air and ground
automation. He received his
doctorate in aerospace engineering
from the Munich University of
the German Armed Forces.

Ron Reisman, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, California
Ron joined NASA in 1988 as
one of the original members of
the Center Tracon Automation
System development team. Since
the late 1990s, he has worked
on traffic flow management
and the Next Generation Air
Traffic System research and
development. He has a BA in
philosophy and classical Greek
and an MS in computer science.

Jim Sokolik, Dryden Flight

Research Center, Edwards, California
Jim has worked with high-altitude
life-support equipment for the last
twenty-five years and is considered
one of the top people in his field.

Born and raised on a dairy farm in
Wisconsin, Jim spent eight years in
the U.S. Air Force before joining

the NASA ER-2 program in 1987.

Robert D. Windhorst, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, California
Robert serves as chief of the
Aerospace Operations Modeling
Branch, a position he has held for
two years. He directs research on
concepts for managing air traffic.
He received his BS in mechanical
engineering from the University
of California—Davis and his PhD
from Santa Clara University.

Participants NASA

EARTH SCIENCE

Brooke Carter, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Brooke is a science education
specialist with a background in
structural geology and science
education. She currently works
on the education and public
outreach teams of several NASA
missions, including the Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter and
Aura. In her spare time,

Brooke likes to hike, bicycle,
rock climb, and camp.

Lin Chambers, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

As a physical scientist in the
Climate Science Branch,

Lin works on understanding
clouds and climate, practical
applications of NASA scientific
research, and ways to involve
K-12 students in what NASA is
doing in Earth system science.

Jennifer Collings, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

As a science writer at Langley,
Jennifer specializes in
communicating the research
of atmospheric scientists

to the public. She writes
feature stories highlighting
recent accomplishments and
discoveries and assists in
organizing Community events
and outreach activities.

Rory Collins, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia
Currently a science writer for

the Science Directorate, Rory
previously worked for the Office
of Strategic Communications and

NASA Participants

Education as a public outreach
specialist. She has a BA in
political science and will finish
her MA in international studies
and professional communications
in December 2008.

Roberta DiPasquale, Langley
Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
Roberta works as a scientist to
create practical applications of
atmospheric science research
and data products. She has spent
sIx years crossing the “Valley

of Death” (the time between
research and commercial
application) and is currently
focused on climate change
issues, urban communities, and
sustainable architectural design.

Steven Graham, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Steve is a senior outreach
coordinator in the Earth
Observing System Project Science
Office. He previously served as
the outreach coordinator and
webcast moderator for a historic
expedition to the North Pole
and the Aqua mission. He has
presented at numerous Earth
science education workshops and
meetings around the country.

Irene Ladd, Langley Research

Center, Hampton, Virginia

Irene is a retired teacher who
joined the Surface Ozone
Measurements for GLOBE (Global
Learning and Observations to
Benefit the Environment) team

to develop the GLOBE protocol
and field-test instruments used for
measuring surface ozone. She has
developed educational materials
and training for the program.

Katherine Lorentz, Langley
Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
Katherine is the lead science
writer for the Science Directorate
at Langley. She coordinates
coverage of the directorate’s
research activities and field
campaigns for internal NASA
media and the public.

Louis Nguyen, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

As a satellite expert and research
computer engineer, Louis is
considered a pioneer in satellite
calibration. He works with
operational weather and research
satellites to derive real-time
cloud properties for weather
applications and climate studies.
He also develops interactive,
scientific, Web-based applications
and conducts research on
aircraft icing and contrails.

Claire Parkinson, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Claire, a scientist who has traveled
to Antarctica and the North Pole,
uses satellite data to determine
changes in the Arctic and
Antarctic sea ice covers and relates
them to climate change. She is
the project scientist for the Earth-
observing Aqua satellite and has
written several books, including
one on the history of science.

Margaret Pippin, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia
Margaret is an atmospheric
scientist interested in the analysis
of observational data sets to
better understand the chemistry
of the atmosphere, particularly
the biogenic hydrocarbons

and their ozone-production
potential. She has been active

in science education for over
twenty years and enjoys working
with students of all ages.

Steve Platnick, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Steve’s current scientific

research includes theoretical and
experimental studies of satellite,
aircraft, and ground-based cloud
remote sensing. His previous
experience has included work
with the Climate and Radiation
Branch in the Laboratory for
Atmospheres, the Joint Center for
Earth Systems Technology, the
Ames Research Center, Hewlett-
Packard Company, and North
Carolina A&T State University.

John Skelly, Pennsylvania

State University, University

Park, Pennsylvania

John is professor emeritus of plant
pathology at Penn State. His
expertise is in forest pathology
and air pollution’s effects on
forest trees and native plants in
northern temperate regions. He is
a consultant on the use of ozone-
sensitive plants as bioindicators.

Stephanie Stockman, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Stephanie is a senior education
and outreach specialist, who
serves as the lead for the Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter, Goddard
Center for Astrobiology, and

the MESSENGER mission to
Mercury. She has more than
fifteen years of experience

in geoscience education

and research—developing
curriculum materials, designing
and conducting teacher
workshops, and teaching
geology and chemistry at the
community college level.

David Westberg, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

David is part of a team of scientists
who maintain a twenty-three-
year solar and meteorological
dataset, which is accessible to those

who make important decisions
about building design, renewable
energy, and agro-climatology. He
analyzes, validates, and develops
ways to improve the accuracy

of the meteorological dataset.

Darrel Williams, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Darrel serves as project scientist for
the Landsat missions currently in
orbit. He has researched enhanced
remote-sensing techniques

for assessing forest ecosystems
worldwide. He has received NASA
medals for Outstanding Leadership
(1997) and Exceptional Service
(2000), as well as an Outstanding
Alumni Award (2006) from the
School of Forest Resources at
Pennsylvania State University.

GREAT OBSERVATORIES

Mindy Deyarmin, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
In seventeen years with the Hubble
Space Telescope Program, Mindy
has supported all four servicing
mussions and now provides
employees and the public with up-
to-date information on the Hubble
mission. She has received the
Customer Service Excellence
Award and the coveted

Silver Snoopy Award.

Charles Diaz, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

As the James Webb Space
Telescope integration and test
manager, Charles is responsible for
the integration of the telescope’s
three primary elements—the
optical telescope, the integrated
science instrument module, and
the spacecraft element. Charles
formerly worked on the Hubble
Space Telescope and has been

at NASA for sixteen years.

Hashima Hasan, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Hashima is currently the lead

for the Explorer Program and
astrophysics education and public
outreach. She has worked in

the fields of nuclear physics,
atmospheric environment, optics,
and astronomy and was the
telescope scientist responsible

for keeping the Hubble Space
Telescope in focus during its

first year of operation. Hashima
holds a doctorate in theoretical
physics from Oxford University.

Maurice Henderson, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Since he retired from the
telecommunications industry five
years ago, Maurice has worked
in a variety of education and
public outreach capacities. He was
instrumental in getting the New
Views of the Universe: Hubble Space
Telescope exhibition added to the
Goddard Visitor Center and into
the traveling exhibit program.
He also introduced the Science
on a Sphere system at Goddard.

Mark Hubbard, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
After ten years with Westinghouse,
Mark joined NASA’s Hubble
team as an aerospace engineer in
1991. The son of a career Navy
urologist, Mark graduated from
the U.S. Naval Academy in

1976 and served five years as a
surface warfare officer. He enjoys
playing the guitar and singing.

Participants NASA 85

Anita Krishnamurthi, Goddard Space

Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Anita is the lead for education
and public outreach in the
Astrophysics Division. An
astrophysicist by training, she

is deeply interested in public
understanding of science. For the
past ten years, she has worked

on designing and implementing
education and outreach programs
for diverse audiences.

Renee Leck, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Renee is a program analyst who
has spent most of the past seven
years supporting the Astrophysics
Division, including the Hubble
Space Telescope, James Webb
Space Telescope, and Astrophysics
Navigator Program. She is lead
program analyst for the team that
integrates budgets for the entire
suite of astrophysics missions.

Jim Perry, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Jim is a professional planner/
scheduler for the design and
production of spacecraft and
currently serves as manager of
planning and scheduling for the
James Webb Space Telescope.
He has lived around the world,
twice in Antarctica—the first as
a ‘“winter-over” and the second
to provide camp support for the
successful recovery of a C-130
aircraft from an Antarctic plateau.

Benjamin Reed, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
As lead materials engineer for
the Hubble Space Telescope,
Ben has become, over the last

NASA Participants

ten years, a leading expert on the
environmental effects on materials
in space. He has also supported
numerous other satellites and
International Space Station
missions. He is the recipient

of several NASA awards.

Marion Riley, Goddard Space

Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
As a young Star Trek fan, Marion
was inspired by the diversity of the
crew and knew that one day she
wanted to work in the same type
of inclusive environment. Today,
she manages engineers who build
and test much of the equipment
installed during a Hubble Space
Telescope servicing mission. She
also trains astronauts to perform
on-orbit equipment replacement.

Jzinga Tull, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Nzinga joined the Hubble
mission operations team in
1998 as an electrical power
subsystem engineer and served
as planning-shift lead during
the last servicing mission, which
was critical for power systems
because the solar arrays and power
control unit were replaced. She
currently supports Hubble systems
management for operations and
is an anomaly response manager
for Servicing Mission 4.

Russell Werneth, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Russ has worked on all four

of NASA’s Hubble Space
Telescope servicing missions.
His areas of expertise include
the development of unique
astronaut tools and training of
astronauts—including underwater
neutral buoyancy training—

for successful Hubble Space
Telescope space-walk missions.

FOOD LAB

Jennifer J. Brogan, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas
Jennifer works as a food scientist
charged with providing food

for the astronauts onboard the
International Space Station. She
has a degree from the University
of Illinois in food science and
human nutrition. In her spare
time, Jennifer enjoys running and
helping charitable organizations,
such as the End Hunger Network.

Vickie Kloeris, Johnson Space
Center, Houston, Texas

As subsystem manager for the
International Space Station and
Shuttle food systems, Vickie’s
responsibilities include menu
planning for crewmembers,
provision of flight-food ship-
ments, and the development of
new foods for the Space Station.

Kimberly Glaus Late, Johnson
Space Center, Houston, Texas
Kimberly leads the team in the
Space Food Systems Laboratory
at Johnson by producing the
American portion of the flight
food for the International
Space Station. She has several
years of experience in the food
industry, including product
development and production
of wine; rice side dishes; and
dehydrated, freeze-dried, and
thermostabilized food products.

Sylvia Lai, Johnson Space

Center, Houston, Texas

Sylvia is employed by Lockheed
Martin as senior research scientist
supporting NASA’s Advanced
Food Technology group. She

is an innovative research and
development professional and

has assisted in the creation of
numerous new food products. Her
research investigates the effect of
nutrients in mitigating bone loss.

Thomas Oziomek, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas

Tom works as a packaging
engineer in the Space Food
Systems Laboratory, where he
manages the packaging materials
used onboard the Shuttle and
International Space Station. He

is also researching which new
packaging structures can be used
on future long-duration lunar and
Mars missions. In his spare time,
Tom enjoys riding his motorcycle
and working with computers.

Michele Perchonok, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas

As manager of the Advanced Food
Technology Project, Michele
works with food scientists and
officials in academia, industry,
and government to coordinate
projects that will contribute to
manned missions to the moon and
Mars. She also manages the Shuttle
Food System and is an Institute

of Food Technologists Fellow.

FUTURE MISSIONS

Mitzi Adams, Marshall Space Flight
Center, Huntsville, Alabama

A solar scientist, Mitzi researches
the magnetic fields associated
with sunspots resulting in

coronal mass ejections—gigantic
explosions of material that can
travel through interplanetary
space and affect the Earth through
aurorae, loss of communication
with satellites, and power-grid
disruptions. Her earliest memories
of astronomy are marveling at

the night sky while in the back

of the family’s 1955 Chevrolet.

Bob Armstrong, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Bob is an aerospace engineer
who works as the education and
outreach lead in the Ares Projects
Office. In an aerospace career
spanning more than thirty years,
Bob has worked on numerous
projects, including the Space
Shuttle, Space Station, X-34,
X-37, and Orbital Space Plane.
The son of a Navy pilot, Bob
became interested as a child

In aeronautics and space.

Stephan Davis, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Steve is currently deputy manager
for the Flight Test Vehicle in the
Ares I-X Mission Management
Office. He has worked on and
led many aerospace projects,
including the Strategic Defense
Initiative, Gravity Probe B,
scientific instruments for the Mir
space station, the International
Space Station propulsion module,
the Space Launch Initiative,

and the Orbital Space Plane.

Brian Day, Ames Research

Center, Moffett Field, California
Brian is the education and public
outreach lead for the Lunar
Crater Observation and Sensing
Satellite, NASA’s next mission to
the surface of the moon. As the
lead for the Education Technology
Team, Brian’s projects combine
his experience as an astronomer,
educator, and software developer.

Rajiv Doreswamy, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
As deputy manager for program
planning and control for the Ares
Launch Vehicle Project, Rajiv

1s responsible for its budgeting,
planning, and scheduling. He
also serves as the project’s chief
operating officer, handling
communications, outreach,
project integration, and project
reporting. Rajiv has twenty
years of experience on many
NASA programs, including

the Hubble Space Telescope,
International Space Station,

and Constellation Program.

Jennifer Heldmann, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, California
Jennifer is a planetary scientist

in the Space Sciences and
Astrobiology Division. Her
research focuses on studies of the
moon, Mars, and Earth through
fieldwork, spacecraft data, and
numerical modeling. She earned
a BA from Colgate University

in astrogeophysics, an MS in
space studies from the University
of North Dakota, and a PhD

in planetary science from the
University of Colorado at Boulder.

Participants NASA 87

Robert Howard, Johnson Space
Center, Houston, Texas

A former co-op and NASA
scholar, Robert was hired in
2002 to work in Mission Control
for the International Space
Station’s Motion Control Systems
Group before transferring to

the Habitability and Human
Factors Branch. There, he

has led habitability studies

for NASA’s lunar spacecraft,
including the Orion Crew
Exploration Vehicle, Altair
Lunar Lander, Small Pressurized
Rover, and Lunar Outpost.

Anthony Lavoie, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Tony has held significant
leadership positions in science and
human-related flight programs
during his twenty-five years at
NASA. He currently manages

the Lunar Precursor Robotic
Program, which is responsible

for the sophisticated robotic
spacecraft that will pave the

way for humankind’s return

to the moon. As a high school
freshman, Tony decided to pursue
a NASA career; he has been an
avid space advocate ever since.

NASA
NASA

Participants

Danielle Moran, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Danielle works in communica-
tions, education, and public out-
reach for NASA’s Lunar Precursor
Robotic Program. In this capacity,
she informs and engages the public
in the robotic missions that will
lead the way back to the moon.

Keith Robinson, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Keith has worked with NASA
for twenty-one years and 1s
currently working on projects
that will prepare facilities for
developing, testing, and
integrating components of

the Ares launch vehicles. A
graduate in industrial engineering
from Auburn University, Keith
has been involved with a variety
of research programs conducted
on Space Lab and the
International Space Station.

Kimberly Robinson, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Kimberly is project integration
manager for Ares I-X, where
she assists with the mission’s
overall management and
development. Her work includes
developing and maintaining

the overall mission schedule,
risk assessment and mitigation
plans, and configuration and data
management. Previously, she
had management and systems
engineering roles supporting the
Space Transportation Programs/
Projects Office, the Marshall
Space Flight Center director,
and Science Directorate.

HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT

John Allen, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, IDG,
John serves as program executive
for crew health and safety and

as a liaison to the chief medical
officer. He served for twenty-
six years in the U.S. Air Force

as a clinical audiologist, research
scientist, and biomedical specialist,
with an emphasis on hearing and
balance disorders, before retiring
at the rank of colonel in 2006.

Lynn Cline, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, D.C.

As deputy associate administrator
for Space Operations, Lynn
oversees a broad variety of
capabilities across the NASA space
operations programs, including the
Space Shuttle, International Space
Station, space communications
and navigation, launch services
for NASA missions, and crew
health and safety. She works
closely with the Executive

Branch and with NASA’s
international partner agencies.

Pamela Covington, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
As manager of the External
Affairs and Education Office,
Pam supervises and manages
programs, processes, policies,
and issues that affect education
and public affairs. She previously
directed the Equal Opportunity
and Diversity Management Office
at NASA Headquarters, where
she advised management on all
equal opportunity matters.

Richard DeLombard, Glenn
Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
Richard is an internationally
recognized expert in
microgravity measurement

and interpretation and has
demonstrated microgravity and
orbital mechanics to educators
and students for over fifteen years.
He has measured and analyzed
microgravity conditions in support
of science investigations on over
twenty Space Shuttle missions,
Russia’s Mir space station, and
the International Space Station.

Dave Edwards, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Dave is an internationally
recognized expert in space
environmental effects on
materials. He has designed,
assembled, and operated multiple
space environment test facilities
and worked with numerous
NASA spacecraft programs

to assess spacecraft materials
performance in mission-

defined space environments.
Presently, he leads the Natural
Environments Branch at NASA's
Marshall Space Flight Center.

William Gerstenmaier, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
As the associate administrator
for Space Operations, Bill directs
NASA’s human exploration

of space, with programmatic
oversight of the International
Space Station, Space Shuttle,
space Communications, and space
launch vehicles. He has received
numerous awards, including

the Presidential Rank Award

for Meritorious Executives. He
previously worked at the Glenn
Research Center, Johnson Space
Center, and Star City in Russia.

David Haakenson, Langley
Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
As a senior software engineer,
David is currently managing the
environmental control and life
support software development for
Orion, the nation’s next crewed
spacecraft. He has also worked
on the extravehicular activity
infrared camera that examines
the Space Shuttle after launch.

Nancy Rabel Hall, Glenn

Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
Nancy is a research scientist

in the Space Processes and
Experiments Division. Her
main area of research is fluid
physics and how fluids behave in
reduced-gravity environments.
She is currently technical lead
for several projects to develop
environmental control and life-
support system technologies. She
also demonstrates the reduced-
gravity environment to educators,
students, and the public.

Michael Hawes, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.

As deputy associate administrator
for program integration in Space
Operations, Mike is responsible
for the transition and disposition
of Space Shuttle assets in
preparation for retirement of the
Shuttle in 2010. He previously
served as the deputy associate
administrator for the International
Space Station, directing the Space
Station budget, establishing and
implementing Station policy,

and coordinating external
communications and liaison
activities with Congress,
industry, and the Station’s
international partners.

William Hill, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Bill is assistant associate
administrator for the Space Shuttle
Program and has led critical
activities to prepare and deliver
the Space Shuttle to safe flight
following the loss of the Columbia
crew and vehicle. He is currently
focused on how to transition

the Shuttle into retirement

and help initiate the effort to
return to the moon and Mars.

Carol Jacobs, Marshall Space

Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
A mechanical engineer, Carol
serves as the project engineer
for the Space Shuttle Main
Engine preburners, main
injector, combustion chamber,
and nozzle. Since joining NASA
in 1983, Carol has worked on
the design, development, and
testing of liquid rocket-engine
combustion devices hardware.

Thomas Jones, NASA

Astronaut, Retired

Tom is a scientist, author, pilot,
and former astronaut. He holds
a doctorate in planetary sciences
and flew on four Space Shuttle
missions. On his last flight, Tom
led three spacewalks to install the
American Destiny laboratory on
the International Space Station.
He spent fifty-three days living
and working in space. His most
recent book is Sky Walking: An
Astronaut’s Memoir (2006).

Participants NASA

Humberto Sanchez, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas
Humberto currently works in the
Mission Operations Directorate
and will soon transition to

the Constellation Program’s
Operations Integration Office.
He has broad experience 1n Space
Shuttle and International Space
Station (ISS) flight operations
integration and is responsible for
integrating many of the Space
Shuttle and ISS program elements
with mission requirements.

Timothy Ryan Tawney, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Timothy has worked for the
past six years as an international
programs specialist in the Office
of External Relations. He

came to NASA in June 2000

as a Presidential Management
Fellow and worked in the
Office of Space Flight and at the
Goddard Space Flight Center in
the Office of Public Affairs.

Pierre Thuot, U. S. Navy, Retired
As an astronaut from 1985 to
1995, Pierre traveled 11.4 million
miles and orbited the Earth 437
times. He logged over 654 hours
in space, including 17.7 hours on
three space walks. Pierre retired
from the U.S. Navy as captain in
1998 and since then has worked
in various capacities with the
Orbital Sciences Corporation,
Arthur Andersen, HawkEye
Systems, and CMX Technologies.

NASA Participants

Debbie Ramos Trainor, Johnson
Space Center, Houston, Texas

In her twenty-plus years at NASA,
Debbie has held various training
positions in the spaceflight
training program, including

a one-year tour as the NASA
training coordinator in Russia
and the training manager for

the first crew to fly onboard the
International Space Station. She
is currently the training specialist
in the Astronaut Office.

Mark Uhran, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, D.C.

As assistant associate administrator
for the International Space Station
in Space Operations, Mark
evaluates practical applications
and research capabilities of
orbital space stations. In the
private sector and at NASA, he
has held management positions
related to strategic planning

for operations and utilization

of the Space Station.

Ron Woods, Kennedy Space

Center, Brevard County, Florida
Ron has worked in various
capacities, as space-suit technician,
support technician, and insertion
technician and has had the honor
of assisting the crews of Apollo 8,
Apollo 11, Apollo 15, three
Skylab missions, the Apollo-
Soyuz Test Project, and the first
two Shuttle missions. Since 1982,
Ron has processed the flight crew
equipment before its installation
into the Space Shuttle Orbiter.

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION

Patrick Buzzard, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas
After living and working for
seven years in Russia to support
NASA's International Space
Station (ISS) Program, Patrick
returned to the United States.
As the ISS strategic outreach
and partnerships specialist,

his duties include enhancing
internal communications within
the ISS Program, promoting
and supporting educational and
outreach efforts, and facilitating
the development of collaborative
efforts with industry, academia,
and U.S. government agencies.

Gary Kitmacher, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas
Gary is a manager in the
International Space Station (ISS)
Program Office. He developed
the ISS Interactive Web Guide
on nasa.gov and wrote the award-
winning ISS Reference Guide.
Gary also designed the modules
of the Space Station and moon
bases in the 1980s and, while
working in Russia, Kazakhstan,
and the United States, managed
the Spacehab and Mir Shuttle
missions in the 1990s.

Sam Ortega, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Sam has worked as a structural
analyst, microgravity scientist,
and solid rocket propulsion
engineer. Although Sam
graduated from high school

in Texas, he attended nine
different schools from first grade
through college and claims a
majority of the United States as
his hometown. Moving around
the United States provided him
a rich background and a desire
to experience new things.

KIDS’ SPACE

Bill Anderson, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Bill manages all NASA

education projects, including
higher education opportunities,
elementary and secondary

school projects, and informal
education experiences. A former
schoolteacher from Memphis, Bill
has thirty-two years of experience
developing and presenting NASA
education programs, products,
and services to educators

and students at all levels.

Gregg Buckingham, Kennedy Space
Center, Brevard County, Florida
Gregg serves as the chief,
Education Programs and
University Research Division

of External Relations, where

he works to utilize NASA
mission—related content in science,
technology, engineering, and
mathematics education to attract
and retain more students in these
disciplines. He also serves as a
history point of contact and has
worked on several history projects
with space center personnel.

LAUNCH AND MISSION CONTROL

Christine Chiodo, Johnson Space
Center, Houston, Texas

Christine has worked for more
than eighteen years as a flight
controller and crew trainer. She
helped establish NASA at the
Russian mission control center
during Shuttle-Mir and now
manages the Training Integration
Branch, which is responsible for
integrating and implementing
crew-training plans for NASA
and its international partners from
Europe, Japan, Russia, and Canada.

Sally Davis, Johnson Space

Center, Houston, Texas

Sally recently became

Shuttle safety manager with

the Space Shuttle Program
Office. Previously, Sally worked
for twenty-eight years in Mission
Operations, including twelve
years as a NASA flight director
who helped assemble and operate
the International Space Station.

Tuan Manh Doan, Kennedy Space
Center, Brevard County, Florida
Tuan has worked at NASA for
twenty years and is currently with
the Launch Services Program.
He supports communications
and telemetry for Expendable
Launch Vehicles, including

the Delta, Atlas, and Pegasus

at Cape Canaveral Air Force
Station, Florida, and Vandenberg
Air Force Base, California.

George Haddad, Kennedy Space
Center, Brevard County, Florida

As an aerospace engineer, George
has supported the integration

and launch of many of NASA’s
scientific and planetary missions,
such as the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory, the GOES weather
satellites, the Cassini mission, the
Gravity Probe B mission, and,
recently, the STEREO mission.
He is principal investigator for
several research projects and is
developing the Constellation
Program’s ground systems.

Tiffany Nail, Kennedy Space
Center, Brevard County, Florida
Tiffany is a specialist for NASA’s
Launch Services Program. She

is frequently in front of the
camera as the host of NASA’s
webcast of prelaunch coverage
and behind the camera as an
award-winning producer of
expendable launch vehicle videos.

LUNAR OUTPOST

Durlean Leslie Bradford,

Marshall Space Flight Center,
Huntsville, Alabama

Durlean is an educational specialist
for WILL Technology Ine. in
the Academic Affairs Office.
Since September 2001, she has
been the project manager for the
NASA Great Moonbuggy Race
and coordinator for the Student
Volunteer Service Program. She
is a retired educator from the
Huntsville City School system.

Barbara Cohen, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Barbara is a planetary scientist
who studies meteorites from the
moon, Mars, and asteroids and
has been to Antarctica twice

to hunt for them. Barbara also
works on the Mars Exploration
Rovers Spirit and Opportunity
and is working to plan new
missions to the moon. She even
has an asteroid named after her.

Joy Dukemineer, Marshall Space

Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Joy is the counselor at the
Huntsville Center for
Technology, a career technical
training center for students in
Huntsville city schools. In her
school career, which spans more
than thirty years, she has worked
as a Classroom teacher, middle
school counselor, and in her
present position. Joy is a team
member in the NASA Great
Moonbuggy Race.

Participants NASA 91

Sabrina Pearson, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Sabrina is an educational

project coordinator for WILL
Technology Inc. in the Academic
Affairs Office, which she

joined in September 2003 as

an administrative assistant. In
December 2006, she became
technical coordinator of the
NASA Great Moonbuggy Race.
A native of Huntsville, she earned
her BS in computer information
systems from Faulkner University.

Robert Singleterry, Langley

Research Center, Hampton, Virginia
Robert is a national expert in
space radiation engineering. He
works to mitigate the great risks
from radiation faced by astronauts
and sensitive instruments during
spaceflight. Robert’s research helps
reduce radiation exposure and is
vital for the health of human space
explorers, as well as the reliable
operation of in-space instruments.

Tim White, Huntsville Center for
Technology, Huntsville, Alabama
For the past several years, Tim
and his classes have been active
participants in the NASA Great
Moonbuggy Race. His teams
have won two consecutive first-
place titles, two consecutive
Engineer Design Awards, and
second- and third-place finishes
in the 2008 race. Tim was hired
by the Huntsville City School
System in 1987 as a precision
machining instructor.

Participants

Karen Whitley, Langley Research
Center, Hampton, Virginia

As an aerospace engineer, Karen 1s
the lead for Expandable Structures
and helps develop technology

to design and build inflatable
structures for the lunar surface.
Karen researches the durability

of nonmetallic materials under
extreme environments and has
worked on aircraft morphing,

the Space Shuttle external tank,
in-space propulsion, and high-
speed civil transport aircraft.

NASA-DERIVED TECHNOLOGIES

Bruce Banks, Alphaport,

Inc., Cleveland, Ohio

Currently a consultant to
Alphaport, Bruce holds more
patents than any other researcher
in Glenn Research Center
history. During his forty-one
years with NASA, he conducted
research activities in electric
propulsion technology, thin

film coatings, surface texturing
processes, and space environment
durability. He has authored

184 technical publications and
has received 147 invention and
meritorious performance awards.

Peter Homer,

Southwest Harbor, Maine

Peter is the developer of an
innovative new space suit glove
design that is strong, easy on
the hands, and gives the operator
a high degree of dexterity.
Working alone at his dining
room table, Peter designed

and then manufactured the
best-performing glove within
competition parameters to

win NASA’s 2007 Astronaut
Glove Challenge.

Sharon Miller, Glenn Research
Center, Cleveland, Ohio

As a research engineer for twenty-
seven years, Sharon has focused on
environmental durability testing
of power system materials for the
low-Earth orbit environment.

She has also been involved in

the development of coatings and
surface modification techniques
to make materials more durable
and/or to enhance properties

such as heat transfer and optical
performance for Earth- and
space-based applications.

PROPULSION

Bartt Hebert, Stennis Space Center,
Hancock County, Mississippi

Bartt serves as chief engineer at
Stennis and has more than twenty
years of experience in the design,
construction, activation, and
operations of large-scale rocket-
engine test facilities, including
the Space Shuttle Main Engine.
He received a BS 1n mechanical
engineering from the University
of Louisiana at Lafayette.

Casey Kirchner, Stennis Space
Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
Casey first joined NASA at the
Johnson Space Center, where

she discovered that she enjoyed
work related to rocket propulsion.
While at the Stennis Space
Center, Casey has worked as
rocket engine test conductor and
propulsion and piping design
engineer. She received a BS

in aerospace engineering from
Purdue University and an MS in
engineering management from
the University of New Orleans.

Bryon Maynard, Stennis Space
Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
Bryon is a rocket propulsion test
system engineer and a recognized
expert on the thrust measurement

of space propulsion systems.

He is currently working on the
development and construction
of a new facility to test future
space vehicle propulsion systems
at altitude. Earlier in his career,
he prepared flight hardware for
missions on the Space Shuttle.

Bradley Messer, Stennis Space

Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
Brad is currently chief, Systems
Engineering and Integration
Division, responsible for managing
systems engineering on a number
of propulsion ground test
programs, including the J2-X. He
served as a senior project engineer
for the Space Shuttle Program,
External Tank Project Office at
Marshall Space Flight Center’s
Michoud Assembly Facility during
its Return to Flight effort.

Elizabeth Messer, Stennis Space
Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
Elizabeth is currently a process
integration engineer, responsible
for designing and managing

the Center’s Design and Data
Management System. She leads a
team in developing and improving
test and test support processes.
Previously, Ms. Messer served as
test conductor for the E-1 Test
Stand and as facility lead/test
engineer at the B-2 Test Stand.

Rosa Obregon, Stennis Space Center,
Hancock County, Mississippi

Rosa 1s the lead mechanical
engineer for the E-1 Test Stand
and has been a test conductor for
a hybrid rocket test program and
the Return-to-Flight External
Tank Ice Frost Formation

test program, which resulted

in her recognition by Latina
Magazine as one of its “Top 10
Women of the Year” in 2005.

Ben Powell, Stennis Space Center,
Hancock County, Mississippi

As operations manager for the
B-Test Complex, Ben manages a
multi-million-dollar test facility
and support systems 1n support of
commercial and NASA propulsion
test projects. His engineering
experience includes working on
developmental propulsion test
programs, especially Test Facility
Control Systems, Instrumentation,
and Mechanical Engineering, and
supporting the Rocket Propulsion
Test Management Board.

Christine Powell, Stennis Space
Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
As branch lead for Systems
Engineering and Test Integration,
Christine represents the Stennis
Space Center within NASA’s
Systems Engineering Working
Group and runs a team of systems
engineers supporting Propulsion
Test Facility and Infrastructure
efforts to test the J-2X Engine.
For many years, she has worked
on developmental propulsion

test programs as an engineer.

Steve Taylor, Stennis Space Center,
Hancock County, Mississippi

As deputy chief, Systems
Engineering and Integration
Division, Steve is responsible

for systems engineering on a
number of propulsion ground test
programs, including the J-2X. He
previously served as test director
in the E~-Complex on a number
of propulsion test development
programs. He received a BS in
mechanical engineering from
Mississippi State University and
an MS in industrial and systems
engineering from the University
of Alabama—Huntsville.

Bill Wrobel, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
As assistant associate administrator
for launch services, Bill oversees
the administration, management,
and direction of the acquisition
and certification of expendable
launch vehicles within NASA.

In addition, he manages the
overall policy definition,
strategic planning, direction,

and administration of the Rocket
Propulsion Test Program.

ROBOTICS

Ken Fernandez, Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama
Since joining NASA in 1968, Ken
has worked on many programs,
including the Apollo lunar roving
and robotic systems used in
manufacturing the Space Shuttle.
He currently serves as project
manager for the Surface Mobility
Systems project, which, in
collaboration with the U.S. Army,
is examining the technology
needed to integrate and
coordinate humans and robots.

Wendy Holforty, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, California
Wendy is an aerospace engineer
who develops procedures to
facilitate air traffic control.

She also serves as team project
manager for an all-girls robotics
team, the Space Cookies,

and offers technical advice

on building robots for the
FIRST Robotics Competition.
She became interested in
aircraft and spaceflight while
working as a police officer.

Participants NASA 93

Harley Thronson, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
As associate director for advanced
concepts and planning, Harley

is responsible for identification,
assessment, and advocacy

for advanced human/robotic
programs in coordination

with other NASA centers,
industry, and the scientific
community. Previously, at NASA
Headquarters, he was responsible
for selecting and developing
advanced technologies to enhance
future science missions. He

has published more than one
hundred research papers and

has co-edited twelve books.

SPACE ART

Chakaia Booker,

New York, New York

Chakaia is best known for using
recycled rubber tires to create
highly expressive sculptures that
address universal themes and
environmental issues. She has
been commissioned by notable
institutions and organizations,
including the NASA Art
Program, to create such works
as Remembering Columbia (2006),
which pays tribute to the lost
Space Shuttle Columbia using
tire remnants preserved from
Columbia’s previous missions.

Les Bossinas, Cleveland, Ohio
Les is an artist and designer who
worked with NASA’s Glenn
Research Center illustrating

air and spacecraft concepts and
drawing technical illustrations
before retiring in 2001. He
holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts

NASA Participants

degree from Ohio University
and has held several positions in
graphics and industrial design
in the Greater Cleveland area.

Nicky Enright, New York, New York
Nicky is a multimedia artist and
founder of Big Hands Murals.
His work has been exhibited
nationally, and he has executed
numerous commissions for
clients such as NASA, NBC
News, MTA Arts for Transit,

and the Cooper-Hewitt National
Design Museum. His work has
been published and reviewed in
several publications, including
the New York Times and Public Art
Review. For more information,
visit www. Big-Hands.com.

Mary Edna Fraser,

Charleston, South Carolina
Working in the ancient textile
medium of batik, Mary Edna
merges modern dye technology
on silk with aerial and satellite
photography, maps, and charts.
Her pioneering art and large-scale
batiks have been collected and
exhibited worldwide, including
at the Duke University Museum
of Art, National Academy of
Sciences, NASA, National
Geographic Society, Smithsonian
National Air and Space Museum,
and other institutions.

Pat Rawlings, Houston, Texas

Pat creates images with scientific
and technical themes that appeal
to rocket scientists and regular
folks. After consulting with
numerous space experts, he uses
hand-built and computer models,
topographical maps, and space
and family vacation photos to
mentally create his worlds. His
desire to travel in space and time
has motivated him to make as
accurate scenes as possible.

SPACE SCIENCE

Arthur Aikin, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

A scientist who retired from
NASA in 2002, Arthur spent
many years researching the
solar-terrestrial area, particularly
the lower ionosphere. He has
been a guest investigator on

the Solar Maximum mission

and has led many sounding
rocket expeditions, including
two campaigns to launch
rockets into solar eclipses.

Shadan Ardalan, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Shadan is a senior member of
the navigation team for the
Cassini-Huygens mission to
Saturn. He began his career as a
co-op student working for the
Aerospace Corporation and since
then has worked as an attitude
control engineer and navigator
on such historic programs as the
Galileo mission orbiting Jupiter,
Mars Odyssey (in support of the
Mars rovers), and Deep Impact.

Shari Asplund, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Shari manages education and
public outreach efforts for NASA's
Discovery and New Frontiers
programs of pioneering space
science investigations. She shares
the excitement and meaning of
NASA's discoveries with students,
educators, and the public by
developing and writing Web

site content, newsletters, and
engaging educational materials.

Todd Barber, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Todd is a senior propulsion
engineer, now working as lead
propulsion engineer on the Cassini
mission to Saturn following
part-time work on the Mars
Exploration Rover and Deep
Impact missions. He also worked
as the lead impactor propulsion
engineer on Deep Impact, which
successfully crashed into Comet
Tempel-1 on Independence Day
2005 at 23,000 miles per hour.

Ron Bastien, Jacobs Engineering
and Science Contract Group/Johnson
Space Center, Houston, Texas

Ron is a team member of the
Stardust, Cosmic Dust, and
Space-Exposed Hardware
collections for the Astromaterials
Research and Exploration
Science department. He serves

as a sample extractor and
documentation specialist for these
collections and has more than
twenty-five years of experience
working with extraterrestrial
sample collections at NASA.

Dominic Benford, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Dominic is deputy principal in-
vestigator of the Destiny mission
concept study to measure dark
energy. His astronomical interests
focus on the infrared properties
of galaxies and their evolution.
He has pursued research in
continuum detectors for ground-
based submillimeter observations,
near-Terahertz heterodyne
receiver technology, cryogenic
systems for space observatories,
and the development of instru-
mentation using ultrasensitive
bolometers for far-infrared and
submillimeter astronomy.

Max Bernstein, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
After studying chemistry at
McGill and Cornell universi-
ties, Max entered space science
and never looked back. He has
been the principal investigator
on numerous NASA grants and
has published more than twenty-
five first-author peer reviewed
research papers on topics rang-
ing from the chemistry of the
interstellar medium, star-forming
regions, and planetary nebulae
to astrobiology, including the
origins of and search for life.

Jacob Bleacher, Goddard Space

Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Jacob is a volcanologist who
characterizes planetary volcanic
provinces through a combination
of terrestrial field studies and
spacecraft data analysis. His
current research combines
geomorphology, basaltic
volcanology, planetary geology,
fieldwork, remote sensing, and
GIS-based data analysis.

Lora Bleacher, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Lora works as an outreach
specialist on the education and
public outreach teams for several
NASA missions, including the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter,
the MESSENGER mission

to Mercury, and the Mars
Science Laboratory rover. Her
primary interest is working with
informal learning institutions,
such as museums and science
centers, to increase public
understanding of science.

Beth Brown, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

As a NASA astrophysicist, Beth
uses physics to study things like
stars, supernovae, galaxies, and
other objects in space. Most
recently, she was engaged in
the NASA Administrator’s
Fellowship Program, where she
was able to teach astronomy

to college students, conduct
research on black holes, and
become closely involved in
NASA education projects.

Ginger Butcher, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Ginger started working at the
Goddard Space Flight Center in
1997 by developing Web sites and
other educational products. Her
Echo the Web site was launched
in 1998 and helped students from
fifth to eighth grade learn about
the electromagnetic spectrum and
false-color satellite imagery. She
also created an interactive Web
site for younger students based on
a story about Amelia the Pigeon.

Allan Cheuvront, Lockheed
Martin, Denver, Colorado

Allan Cheuvront has worked
with Lockheed Martin since
1980 and has participated in
three deep-space missions since
1988. He currently works as the
flight system program manager
for the Stardust-NExT mission.

Participants NASA

Troy Cline, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Troy is the educational tech-
nologist for NASA’s Sun-Earth
Connection Education Forum
team. Before joining NASA, he
was a high school mathematics
teacher and educational technol-
ogy coordinator at an alterna-
tive high school in Virginia. He
previously taught in a Bureau of
Indian Affairs boarding school and
in the Peace Corps in Chad as an
algebra and geometry teacher.

John Cooper, Goddard Space Flight

Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
John is an expert on space
radiation environments in the
Solar System. He has participated
in the Pioneer 11, Voyager 2,
Galileo, and Cassini missions
to, respectively, Saturn, Uranus,
Jupiter, and again Saturn. He

is working with other space
scientists to plan future missions
to these planetary systems.

Emilie Drobnes, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
As the education and public
outreach lead for the Solar
Dynamics Observatory, Emilie

is responsible for the development
and implementation of the

NASA Family Science Night,

the Sunday Experiment, and
other programs. Her main goal

is to excite students, teachers, and
families about science—ultimately
changing their perceptions of what
science is and who scientists are.

ASA Participants

Therese Errigo, Goddard Space

Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Therese was the lead contami-
nation engineer for the SOHO,
STEREO, and IMAGE (dedicated
to imaging the Earth’s magneto-
sphere) missions and a consul-
tant and instrument engineer for
Hinode, a project to study the
sun, led by the Japanese Aerospace
Exploration Agency. She is cur-
rently working on the Sample
Analysis on Mars.

Don Fairfield, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
While working at NASA

for the past forty-two years,
Don has conducted research

on many aspects of the solar
wind interaction with Earth’s
magnetosphere. His particular
interests are the Earth’s magnetic
tail and its relationship to

aurora and magnetic storms.

For the past fifteen years, he has
been NASA's project scientist
for the Geotail spacecraft.

Lisa Fletcher, Jacobs Engineering
and Science Contract Group/Johnson
Space Center, Houston, Texas

Lisa is the facility engineer
within the Astromaterials
Research and Exploration
Science Directorate, where she is
responsible for the facility projects
associated with the various
astromaterials sample collections
and research facilities. She grew
up in Richmond, Virginia, and
received her BS in industrial
engineering from Virginia Tech
and her professional engineering
license in the state of Texas.

Brenda Franklin, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena California
As a planetary geologist,
Brenda has been mapping
Mars from orbital images for
more than twenty years. Now
an invited collaborator with
the Athena Science Team on
Mars Exploration Rovers,

she contributes to decisions
about which surface features
to visit and study, why they
are important, and how this
information can be used to build
the geologic history of Mars.

Daniel Garrison, Jacobs Engineering
and Science Contract Group/Johnson
Space Center, Houston, Texas

Dan 1s chief scientist for
Astromaterials Research and
Exploration Science under the
Engineering and Science Contract
Group for basic and applied
research in the field of planetary
science, astromaterials curation,
and exploration science. Dan
spent twenty years conducting
noble gas cosmochemistry
research on meteorites, Martian
meteorites, and lunar samples

to determine chronology,
cosmic-ray exposure history,

and planetary atmospheres.

Kevin Grazier, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Kevin holds dual titles of
investigation scientist and science
planning engineer for the Cassini/
Huygens mission to Saturn and
Titan. He has written mission
planning and analysis software
that has won numerous awards
and continues research involving
computer simulations of solar
system dynamics, evolution,

and chaos. He teaches classes

in stellar astronomy, planetary
science, cosmology, and the
search for extraterrestrial life

at several universities.

Roger Harrington, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas
Roger is a sample collections
processor in the Lunar and

the Meteorite laboratories.

He processes samples in both
laboratories for allocation

to scientists, museums, and
educational institutions around
the world. Roger has also worked
for a geotechnical engineering
firm and has taught geology and
oceanography at the college level.

Jeffrey Hayes, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Jeffrey is a heliophysics discipline
scientist, who has also served as
program executive for various
astrophysics missions, including
the Hubble Space Telescope,
Spitzer Space Telescope, GALEX,
and FUSE. Prior to NASA, he
was team lead on the NPOESS
satellite software group with
Raytheon, faculty member at
New Mexico State University,
and resident astronomer for the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

Paul Hertz, NASA

Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Paul is a senior scientist in the
Science Mission Directorate and
serves as senior advisor to the
associate administrator of science.
He has been program scientist
for several projects, including the
Structure and Evolution of the
Universe Program, the Explorer
Program, the Chandra X-ray
Observatory, and the Discovery
Program. He has authored or
co-authored more than one
hundred scientific papers.

Steele Hill, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Steele is the media specialist
for the SOHO and STEREO
solar study missions. For

more than eleven years, he

has produced CDs, posters,
illustrations, video clips, litho
sets, cards, and more to support
educators and outreach events.
He responds to media requests
and consults with museums and
media production companies
to get them the images and
information resources they need.

David Hurd, Edinboro University of
Pennsylvania, Edinboro, Pennsylvania
David is professor of geosciences
and director of the planetarium

at Edinboro University of
Pennsylvania. His goal is to make
the physical sciences visible to
students who are visually impaired
or blind. Trained as an astronomer
and atmospheric scientist, David
has developed techniques for
representing the stars and universe
in a very tactile way.

Terry Hurford, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Terry studies geophysics, plan-
etary tectonics, and deformations
and stress. Much of his research
focuses on Europa, a moon of
Jupiter. He received a BS in
astronomy and physics and a
PhD in planetary science, both
from the University of Arizona.

Daniel Hurley, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Daniel Hurley is a team chief on
the Mars Exploration Rover and
has worked for twenty-five years
with missions studying Mars,
Venus, Earth, and the infrared sky.
His jobs have included mission
control, integration and testing,
software tool development,

and systems engineering.

Lindley Johnson, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Lindley is program scientist for
NASA’s Planetary Astronomy
and Near Earth Object
Observation programs. He was
also the program executive for
the Deep Impact mission to
Comet Tempel 1. Lindley joined
NASA shortly after retirement
from twenty-three years of Air
Force active duty, during which
he worked on a variety of
national security space systems
and obtained the rank of
lieutenant colonel.

Anne Kascak, Johnson Space
Center, Houston, Texas

Anne has worked for eight years
for the Astromaterials Curation
Facility. As a business specialist,
she performs property control
administration for Lunar,
Antarctic Meteorites, Cosmic
Dust, Stardust, and Genesis
samples. She is also a point of
contact for researchers and public
institutions worldwide. She is

a resource on extraterrestrial
materials and curation for the
data and publications library.

Michael Kelley, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Mike is the new program scientist
for the Planetary Geology and
Geophysics Program and the
Planetary Data System. He also
serves as program scientist for

the EPOXI and Stardust-NExT
Discovery Spacecraft missions. He
is a long-time visiting astronomer
at the NASA Infrared Telescope
Facility and served as chair of the
Planetary Geology Division of
the Geological Society of America
and its award committees.

Participants NASA 97

98.

Terry Kucera, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

As a solar physicist working on

the STEREO and SOHO
missions, Terry studies different
aspects of the sun’s atmosphere
using data from telescopes in space
and on the ground. Originally
from the Chicago area, Terry
received a BA from Carleton
College and a PhD from the
University of Colorado at Boulder.

Elaine Lewis, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Elaine is a science educator

and curriculum developer who
has coordinated the GLOBE
program, the JASON Project,
and Sun-Earth Day. Together
with spacecraft mission personnel,
she made near real-time NASA
space weather data accessible

for inquiry-based learning.

She also coordinates distance-
learning training opportunities.

Colette Lohr, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Colette is a senior software
systems engineer who has been
working on the Mars Exploration
Rover Project since 2001 and in
mission systems support for the
Constellation Program since 2006.
She joined the Laboratory in 1999
after receiving her BS in computer
science from the University

of Colorado at Boulder.

NASA Participants

Lou Mayo, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Lou is a planetary astronomer and
an education outreach specialist.
He has developed a network of
over one hundred after-school
astronomy clubs and has worked
extensively with other NASA
centers and the Girl Scouts

USA by training scout leaders
on heliophysics materials.

Aimee Meyer, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Aimee leads the Education
and Public Outreach efforts
of NASA’s Genesis and
Stardust Sample Return
missions in addition to the
New Exploration of Tempel-1
(NExT) mission currently en
route to rendezvous with Comet
Tempel-1 in February 2011.

Michael Meyer, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Michael is the lead scientist for
the Mars Exploration Program
and program scientist for the Mars
Science Laboratory rover mission,
to be launched in 2009. He also
served as program scientist for the
2001 Mars Odyssey. His interests
are in microorganisms living in
extreme environments, and he has
conducted field research in the
Gobi and Negev deserts, Siberia,
Canadian Arctic, and Antarctica.

David Mohr, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
David has been part of the
Cassini-Huygens mission to
Saturn and Titan for the past
seven years. He led the integration
and sequencing of the Cassini
mission science operations

plan and is currently working

as a system engineer with the
Flight Engineering Group. He
performed classified work for the
Navy in missile defense while
earning a master’s degree from
Old Dominion University.

Andrea B. Mosie, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas
Andrea is lab manager for the
Lunar Curation Laboratories,
which is part of Astromaterials
Research and Exploration
Science. She began her career in
1975 by working in the Lunar
Sample Laboratory, where the
majority of samples returned
from the moon are stored

and prepared for allocation

to lunar scientists. She enjoys
giving talks and demonstrations
at schools, educational
conferences, and seminars.

Keiko Nakamura-Messenger,
Jacobs Engineering and Science
Contract Group/Johnson Space
Center, Houston, Texas

Keiko specializes in studies
of meteorites, comets, and
cosmic dust. Her major
research accomplishments
include discovering interstellar
organic matter in meteorites
and a proposed new mineral
in interplanetary dust. She
has played a key role in the
extraction and preparation of
cometary dust samples from
the NASA Stardust mission.

Carolyn Ng, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Carolyn has a background in
earth science and works with
the space science education
communities to distribute
education and outreach
materials. Her most recent
project (in partnership with the
Exploratorium in San Francisco)
has taken her to the westernmost
part of China to prepare for

a live webcast of a total solar
eclipse on August 1, 2008.

Tam Nguyen, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Tam is a member of the technical
staff of the Robotic Software
Systems Group, Mobility and
Robotic Systems Section.

He has worked on various
spaceflight missions, such as the
flight experiments onboard the
Space Shuttle, the 1996 Mars
Pathfinder, and the 2003 Mars
Exploration Rover. He has also
participated in numerous robotic
wheeled—vehicle research projects.

Sten Odenwald, Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Sten is an astronomer, writer, and
education and public outreach
member of several heliophysics
spacecraft missions. He has spoken
on a number of radio talk shows,
including National Public Radio
programs and Let’s Talk Stars, as
well as on NASA TV programs,
such as CONNECT, Destination:
Tomorrow, and The SciFiles.

Alexei Pevtsov, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
Alexei serves as solar physics
discipline scientist for the
Heliophysics Division and is

also program scientist for several
heliophysics missions. In addition
to his NASA responsibilities, he
Is an associate astronomer at the
National Solar Observatory, where
he studies topology and evolution
of solar magnetic fields and their
role in solar activity. He is the
author and co-author of more
than ninety scientific papers.

Cecilia Satterwhite, Johnson

Space Center, Houston, Texas
Cecilia is lab manager for the
Antarctic Meteorite Laboratory,
where her primary task is to
process and curate samples for
classification and to supply
samples to scientists worldwide
for their research. Cecilia started
her career working in the Lunar
Sample Laboratory. Her academic
background includes geology and
a Texas Lifetime Certification in
elementary education, specializing
in physical and earth sciences.

Carol Schwarz, Johnson Space
Center, Houston, Texas

Carol has worked for more than
thirty years in the Astromaterials
Curation Facility, including the
Pristine and Returned Lunar
Sample labs, the Antarctic
Meteorite Lab, and the Genesis
Lab. Currently, she is contractor
project manager for Astromaterials
Curation, which includes the
Lunar, Meteorite, Cosmic Dust,
Genesis, and Stardust collections.
She also works in the various labs
processing and curating samples.

Thomas See, Jacobs Engineering

and Science Contract Group/Johnson
Space Center, Houston, Texas

Tom specializes in impact
cratering and related processes

as they apply to planetary and
geologic materials. He has been

a member of the Astromaterials
Research and Exploration
Sciences group for nearly thirty
years, where he has worked on the
Long Duration Exposure Facility,
the Orbital Debris Collector, and
the Stardust mission.

Jim Thieman, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Jim is a planetary radio astronomer
and manager of information
systems for the National Space
Science Data Center. He also
handles education and outreach
for NASA, especially in the

area of heliophysics. Jim is
coleader of the Sun-Earth
Connection Education Forum,
an award-winning education
group that promotes the use

of heliophysics science results

in education nationwide.

Jack Warren, Jacobs Engineering

and Science Contract Group/Johnson
Space Center, Houston, Texas

Jack started working for NASA
in June 1967 and had the honor
of opening the first “Rock Box”
from the moon and the Apollo 11
mission. As part of his work with
extraterrestrial samples, Jack is an
expert in designing cleanrooms.
He received the NASA Public
Service Medal at the Johnson
Space Center in September 2002.

Participants NASA 99

Heather Weir, Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

A former classroom teacher,
Heather is a science education
specialist who uses her experience
in formal education to help
implement the education and
public outreach programs of
several NASA missions, including
the New Horizons mission to
Pluto, the MESSENGER mission
to Mercury, and the Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter mission.

Randii R. Wessen, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, California
Randii is a program system
engineer who has worked on
Voyager, Galileo, Cassini,
Mars Global Survey, 2001 Mars
Odyssey, and Mars Exploration
Rovers and has helped look

for Earth-like planets around
other stars. He has lectured
internationally, co-authored
two books, written numerous
space exploration papers, and has
an asteroid named after him.

Michael Zolensky, Johnson Space
Center, Houston, Texas

Mike is an internationally
recognized scientist known for
his expertise in the mineralogy of
comets and asteroids and is on the
science teams for NASA’s Stardust
sample return mission to Comet
Wild 2 and the joint Japan-USA-
Australia Hayabusa mission.

Mike is an authority on the
analysis of small extraterrestrial
samples and has led or participated
in meteorite collection
expeditions to six continents,
including Antarctica.

!ASA Participants

SPACE SHUTTLE

Dennis Chamberland, Kennedy Space
Center, Brevard County, Florida

As technical representative for the
Life Sciences Contract, Dennis
oversees the advanced life-support
systems under consideration for
moon and Mars bases, as well as
medical operations, human subject
research, and environmental
monitoring. Dennis previously
worked as a NASA aquanaut,
directing twelve underwater
missions, including the first to
plant and harvest an agricultural
crop on the ocean floor.

Joseph Lavelle, Ames Research
Center, Moffett Field, California
As a senior research engineer,
Joe manages the 3D vision
research laboratory, where he
has worked for the last twenty-
three years. His laboratory has
produced 3D vision systems

for critical NASA applications,
including inspection and
evaluation of Space Shuttle tiles,
health monitoring of spacecraft,
planetary rover guidance, and
terrain mapping. He received
the NASA Exceptional
Achievement Medal in 2007.

Maria Lott, Stennis Space Center,
Hancock County, Mississippi
Maria has been director of Astro
Camp since 1995 and is the lead
teacher for Hancock County
Schools in Mississippi. She has
twenty-five years of teaching
experience, specializing in math
and science. She strives to engage
students in hands-on learning
activities and inspire the next
generations with a love for
lifelong learning.

David Rainer, Kennedy Space
Center, Brevard County, Florida
Asa NASA test director in the
Shuttle Processing Directorate,
David is responsible for overseeing
NASA-managed activities for
Space Shuttle launch countdown
and landing operations. He
works in association with Shuttle
launch management to improve
prelaunch processes and enhance
launch and landing activities.

Nathan Sovik, Stennis Space Center,
Hancock County, Mississippi
Nathan serves as the university
affairs officer and has expertise in
environmental policy modeling
and analysis, geographic
information systems and remote
sensing, software design, and
systems integration. His current
research interests include the
development of Web-based
geospatial applications and
management information
systems. He has taught and
carried out research in Europe,
Africa, and the United States.

Katie Veal Wallace, Stennis Space
Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
Katie is an electrical engineer
who has worked in propulsion
testing and remote sensing at
Stennis. She has done extensive
work in instrumentation, control
systems, and data collection

for all Stennis test stands. She

is currently the elementary

and secondary education lead,
helping to bring the excitement
of NASA to school-age children.

Festival Participants

Texas: A Celebration of Music, Food,

MUSIC

Asleep At the Wheel, Austin, Texas
Ray Benson

Jim Finney

Elizabeth McQueen

David Miller

Jason Roberts

Under the able leadership of Ray
Benson, Asleep at the Wheel has
enjoyed close to forty years of
making Western swing music for
audiences of all ages. Keeping
alive the jazzy, up-tempo dance
favorites of the genre has been a
crusade for this ensemble, which
has met with much success and
many, many GRAMMYs.

Marcia Ball, Austin, Texas
Marcia Ball

Don Bennett

Corey Keller

Johnny Medina

Andrew Nafziger

Thad Scott

Pianist and singer/songwriter
Marcia Ball is an East Texas
phenom. Learning from various
family members, she began playing
plano at age five. Her piano
style mixes equal parts boogie-
woogie, zydeco, and swamp
rock. Most of the songs on her
albums are her own creations,
so songwriting has always been
a part of her job description.

CJ Chenier, Houston, Texas

CJ Chenier

Timothy Betts

Daniel Glenn Griffin

Michael Morris

Michael Vowell

CJ Chenier is the son of zydeco
pioneer Clifton Chenier. CJ pays
tribute to his father’s musical
prowess but has expanded his
legacy with formidable, original
contributions. As a Houston
native, he is living proof that
zydeco music is Texas music.

and Wine

Guy Clark, Nashville, Tennessee
Guy Clark

Verlon Thompson

Though he currently resides in
the so-called Music City, Texas
lays fierce claim to songwriter
Guy Clark, and Clark himself
never forsakes his roots in the
Lone Star State. Part of the
songwriting cabal of the 1960s
and 1970s, which included

Lyle Lovett, Townes van Zandt,
and Billy Joe Shaver, Clark
continues to tour with many
of his Texas cohorts and play
throughout the state.

Conjunto Los Angeles del Sur,

La Feria, Texas

Joe Cantu

Arturo Galvan

Joe Sanchez

Joe Sanchez Jr.

Lorenzo Sanchez

Joe Sanchez, accordionist, vocalist,
and founder in 1978 of Los
Angeles del Sur, traces his musical
heritage to the 1930s, when his
grandfather organized dances in
La Feria, a small community in the
Rao Grande Valley of Texas. His
father joined the conjunto to play
bajo sexto. Joe’s son, Joey, plays
drums. They are joined by Arturo
Galvan on bass and Joe Cantu on
harmony vocals.

Joe Ely, Austin, Texas and

Joel Guzman, Kyle, Texas

Amarillo native Joe Ely got his
start with the legendary Lubbock
ensemble The Flatlanders. Since
then, his music has sampled
everything from Western to
honky-tonk stomps and rockabilly,
to Woody Guthrie ballads and
Mexican-influenced corridos.

This formidable writer and
interpreter of classic Texas songs
is joined by Texas accordion king
Joel Guzman, whose prowess

on the squeezebox ranges from
rocked-up and straight-ahead

conjunto to more nuanced and
romantic Mexican roots music.

Fiddlin’ Frenchie Burke, Lytle, Texas
Frenchie Burke

Jeffery Barosh

Born in Louisiana, Burke received
his first music lessons from his
grandfather. After his family
moved to San Antonio, he joined
the Air Force. His apprenticeship
in the Texas honky-tonk scene
included work with the likes of
Ray Price and Johnny Bush. In
the early 1970s, he perfected a
blend of the Texas and Louisiana
fiddle repertoires and wrapped

it in flamboyant showmanship.

The Gillette Brothers, Crockett, Texas
Guy Gillette

Pip Gillette

In 1983, the Gillette brothers
took over their grandfather’s
ranch outside of Crockett,

Texas. It was a fortuitous turn of
events because, at the same time,
they found themselves part of

a growing network of cowboy
singers and poets who were
revitalizing folks’ appreciation for
Western music and musical lore.

Mark Halata and Texavia,
Houston, Texas

Mark Halata

Bruce Brosch

Jeff Brosch

Mike Gest

Texavia is a Czech polka band
led by accordion player Mark
Halata, who grew up attending
Czech family and community
events where polka music was

a mainstay. Usually singing in
Czech, Texavia plays waltzes and
polkas that have been popular in
the Texas Czech community for
well over seventy-five years.

Participants Texas 101

James Hand, Tokio, Texas

James Hand

Will Indian

John McGlothlin

Speedy Sparks

Born in Waco, Texas, rodeos
and country music surrounded
James from an early age. The
classic strains of Lefty Frizzell,
Hank Williams, and Ernest Tubb
made their mark on him, but a
more substantial influence on
his performing and songwriting
was life itself. Though largely

a hidden treasure, James has
been a true Texas honky-

tonk player for forty years.

Terri Hendrix, San Marcos, Texas,
and Lloyd Maines, Austin, Texas
Drawing on an early affection for
country, blues, and other roots
music, Terri Hendrix falls squarely
in the long songwriting tradition
of the state. She has joined forces
with legendary steel player and
producer Lloyd Maines. Member
of the second-generation of The
Maines Brothers Band and father
of one of country music’s feistiest
female vocalists, his roots in Texas
music are almost unparalleled.

The Jones Family Singers,
Markham, Texas

Fred Allen Jones Sr.

Velma Davis

Ernestine Jones

Fred Allen Jones Jr.

Sarah M. Jones

Theresa Patrelle Jones

Alexis Jones-Roberts

lan Wade

Sabrina Renee Wade

The Jones Family Singers

is entirely comprised of
family. Bishop Fred A. Jones Sr.
leads this quartet-style gospel

Texas Participants

group, which includes five
daughters, two sons, a grandson,
and a son-in-law. While the
group travels nationwide, they can
usually be found every Sunday
ministering musically to a small
Pentecostal congregation led

by Bishop Jones in their rural
home base, Markham, Texas.

Tutu Jones and Soul Crew,

Dallas, Texas

Tutu Jones

Tyson Grimes

Kevin Ross

Wayne Ross

The son of Dallas-based guitarist
Johnny B. Jones, Tutu Jones

is truly a product of his early
environment, which included
regular houseguests like Freddie
King, Little Joe Blue, and Ernie
Johnson. Obviously, his own
future as a bluesman was never
in doubt. You could say he
exemplifies the sound of South
Dallas, where blues and soul meet
to create a special Texas mix.

Les Amis Creole, Beaumont, Texas
Ed Poullard

James Adams

Lawrence Ardoin

Led by veteran fiddler and
accordionist Ed Poullard, this
trio draws its inspiration from
old-style French songs of the
upper Gulf Coast. They expertly
play and preserve a traditional
repertoire of waltzes, ballads,
and two-steps. Featuring the
acoustic interplay of diatonic
accordion, fiddle, guitar, and
voice, their music is homemade,
with an Afro-French twist.

Little Joe y la Familia,

Temple, Texas

Joe Hernandez

Gracie Acosta

Frank Cagigal

Manuel Castaneda

Thomas Cruz

Jesus Gaitan

Sam Jones

Jesse Lopez

John Ontiveros

In the 1960s, this ensemble,

led by Little Joe Hernandez,
pioneered the Tejano sound. An
innovative combination of many
musical elements, including
inventive approaches to Latino
music, Tejano gives voice to the
Chicano political movement.
Little Joe y la Familia may be best
known for recording the anthem
of the Mexican American civil
rights struggle, “Las Nubes.”

Los Texmaniacs,

San Antonio, Texas

Max Baca

David Farias

Lorenzo Martinez

Israel Villanueva

A contemporary-sounding
conjunto ensemble, Los
Texmaniacs combine traditional
instrumentation and repertoire,
with blues, rock, R&B, and a
dash of country. Leader Max
Baca is a much-in-demand bajo
sexto player whose music echoes
that of his many genre-bending
San Antonio mentors—legendary
musicians like Doug Sahm, Augie
Meyers, and Flaco Jimenez.

Mariachi Los Arrieros, El Paso, Texas
Manny Andrade

Joseph Baca

Antonio Luis Bordonada

Doug Edward Brown

Rene Eduardo Castaneda

Juan Alberto Contreras

Leopoldo Gomez

Angel Hernandez

Eduardo Alfonso Hernandez
Omar Daniel Lopez

Albert Gil Martinez Jr.

Jose Montes Jr.

Gabriel Prado

Manuel Talamantes III

Javier Villarreal Jr.

Since 1996, this fifteen-member
ensemble has performed for E]
Pasoans. Arriero is the Spanish
word for “drover,” the person
who drives livestock to its
destinations. Los Arrieros
have lived up to their moniker
by educating young people
about the mariachi tradition.
They now share their music
with audiences nationwide.

Augie Meyers, San Antonio, Texas
Augie Meyers

Joe Forlini

Growing up 1n San Antonio,
Texas, Augie Meyers absorbed

all the styles of music that were
popular in his childhood. As

a founding member of the Sir
Douglas Quintet and the Texas
Tornadoes, he put this knowledge
to use. Meyers, a Texas musical
icon, continues to be at home with
styles as diverse as polka, conjunto,
Cajun, country, and rock and roll.

Jody Nix and The Texas Cowboys,
Big Spring, Texas

Jody Nix

Johnny Cox

Dixie Hankins

Larry Nix

Robert Weeks

A second-generation Western
swing musician, Jody Nix
inherited the leadership of the
Texas Cowboys from his father,
the early and important Western
swing fiddler Hoyle Nix. To
this day, the Texas Cowboys
play dancehalls, rodeos, and
community events throughout

the nation, but their special
stomping ground is West
Texas, where swing fans
are avid and demand a
driving, danceable sound.

The Original Soul Invaders,
Industry, Texas

Roy Green

Danny Davis

Demontreal Edmond

David Scott

Chadwick Turner

Chris Washington

The Original Soul Invaders
draw on the amplified quartet
tradition popular with African
American gospel groups in
Texas. Founder and leader Roy
Green, who pastors the Mars Hill
Deliverance Tabernacle Church
in Fayetteville, Texas, started
the group in the late 1970s.

The Quebe Sisters Band,
Burleson, Texas

Grace Quebe

Hulda Quebe

Sophia Quebe

Joey McKenzie

Drew Phelps

Among the Quebe sisters,
stunning sibling vocals are
matched by triple-threat sister
fiddling. Their mentor, master
musician Joey McKenzie, and
upright bass player Drew Phelps
join them. Their repertoire
includes Western swing,
cowboy tunes, and traditional
Texas-style fiddling.

Mingo Saldivar, San Antonio, Texas
Accordionist Mingo Saldivar

is known for his distinctive

twist on the conjunto tradition.
He has built a loyal following

in dancehalls across South

Texas by blending straight-

ahead conjunto with country
and western standards and by
translating original English lyrics
into Spanish and the plaintive
sound of country into bright

and danceable conjunto sound.

Texas Johnny Brown, Houston, Texas
Texas Johnny Brown

Larry Evans

Giovanni Godley

William Hollis

Blues guitarist and session man,
songwriter and bandleader, Texas
Johnny Brown has a storied yet
little known musical history. As
studio guitarist for Houston’s
groundbreaking Black label,
Duke/Peacock Records, Brown
toured, played, and recorded with
many of the greatest blues, gospel,
and R&B artists of the day. He
now leads his own ensemble.

Charles Thibodeaux and the

Austin Cajun Aces, Austin, Texas
Charles Thibodeaux

Steve Doerr

Peter Schwarz

Although recently formed and
from a Texas town not known
for its Cajun roots, the Austin
Cajun Aces is steeped in Texas
Cajun tradition. Fronted by Cajun
accordionist Charles Thibodeaux,
whose musical mentor and

hero is the great Texas Cajun
accordionist Andrew Cormier,
the Aces play the music Charles
grew up with in dancehalls,
community centers, and clubs
throughout Southeast Texas.

Participants Texas 103

104

TEXAS FOOD

Hoover Alexander, Austin, Texas
Hoover Alexander is a fifth-
generation African American
Texan. He grew up loving his
mother Dorothy’s Southern home
cooking and spent summers

on the Utley farm where she

was raised. Influenced by the
multicultural community in
Austin, he honed his cooking skills
in the legendary Night Hawk
Restaurant in Austin, where he
opened his own restaurant in 1998.

Bill Avila, El Paso, Texas

Bill Avila is a fourth-generation

E] Pasoan who grew up in his
family’s Mexican restaurant,

Leo’s. He worked his way up from
dishwasher to cook to owner and
opened his own restaurant, Avila’s,
in 1970. The menu’s recipes came
straight from family—father, great
aunts, and grandmothers. The
restaurant closed only last year.

2xas Participants

Gene Marie Bohuslav and

Rene Matula, Komensky, Texas
Texas Czechs Gene Marie

and her daughter Rene were
born and raised in the tiny
community of Komensky in
Lavaca County. Gene Marie still
lives on the land she grew up on
and farmed with her husband.
Czech was her first language,
and she’s spent a lifetime making
traditional Texas Czech dishes
for her family and community.

Tom Nall, Burnet, Texas

Born and raised on his family’s
ranch, Tom Nall has worked

as a cowboy and wagon boss

at ranches in Texas, Arizona,
Colorado, and New Mexico.

He had already participated in
chili cook-offs around the state
when he met and eventually

went to work for the Fowler
family, the well-known chili spice
company owners. Tom’s unofficial
title is “chili ambassador.”

Lyly Nguyen, Corpus Christi, Texas
Lyly immigrated to the United
States from Vietnam in the late
1970s and lived in several states
before settling in Rockport,
Texas, where her father worked
in the shrimping industry.

Along the Gulf Coast, Lyly

and six family members own
Vietnamese restaurants where
they serve dishes influenced by
their family’s traditional cooking.

Betty and Steve Orsak, Katy, Texas
Taught by family members in
South Central Texas, husband and
wife Steve and Betty Orsak have
canned, pickled, and preserved
foods together since the early
1970s. Their Czech heritage
influences their choice of recipes
and produce. Steve was a foodways
participant at the 1996 Festival.

Tom Perini, Buffalo Gap, Texas
Tom Perini grew up and worked
on his family’s cattle ranch in
Buffalo Gap in West Texas. Later
in life, when his father’s death
brought him back to the ranch

he loved, he combined his two
passions—ranch life and cooking.
In 1983, Tom opened the Perini
Ranch Steakhouse on his property.

Wendy Power, San Antonio, Texas
Growing up in a Polish Texan
family in a majority Mexican
American Texas city, Wendy
Power ate and cooked sausage.
Her grandfather started the
Kiolbassa Provision Company,
which makes Polish-style
sausage and Mexican chorizo.
Wendy, well versed in recipes
that draw on both traditions,
now works for the sausage
company her family still owns.

TEXAS WINE

Ed Auler, Tow, Texas

Texas businessman and rancher
Ed Auler, started Fall Creek
Vineyards with his wife, Susan,
In 1975 after a trip to France
convinced them that their ranch
and parts of the French wine
country were remarkably similar
in soil, terrain, and microclimate.
Hugely successful, the Aulers
have been tireless spokespersons
for the industry ever since.

Jason Englert, Fredericksburg, Texas
Jason Englert earned his degree in
biology from Texas Tech before
apprenticing at the Llano Estacado
Winery in Lubbock. After the
original owner/winemaker

died in 2005, Englert became
winemaker at Grape Creek
Vineyards. Jason makes wines
only from grapes of the highest
quality. He follows modern and
traditional wine-making practices.

Gary and Kathy Gilstrap,

Johnson City, Texas

The Gilstraps have a family-

run operation, Texas Hills
Vineyard, which champions
environmentally sensitive ways
of growing grapes and producing

Festival Participants

Rinzler Concert

Grupo Folklorico y Experimental
Nuevayorquino, Bronx, New York

Thirty years ago, Ralph Rinzler and a group of
Smithsonian colleagues traveled to the Bronx to
observe rehearsals that led to Grupo Folklorico y
Experimental Nuevayorquino’s first double-album
recording, Concepts in Unity. Their next recording
was Lo Dice Todo, conceptualized, organized, and
produced by René Lopez. This groundbreaking

wine. Gary 1s winemaker; Kathy
runs the tasting room; and their
son Dale manages the vineyard.

Gary is well-known among

his peers for his innovations.

Raymond and Gladys Haak,

Santa Fe, Texas

Raymond and Gladys Haak

were born and raised in South
Texas. They began growing
grapes in 1969 as a hobby,
experimenting with numerous
varietals to determine which
would survive the Texas Gulf
Coast climate. More than twenty-
five years later, they turned their
wine- and grape-growing passion
into a commercial operation.

Jim and Karen Johnson, Bend, Texas
The Johnsons run the only Texas
winery dedicated exclusively

to warm-climate varietals. Jim,
the winemaker, graduated from
the University of California at
Davis in enology and returned
to his home state to work at
several well-known wineries
before opening his own Alamosa
Wine Cellars in 1999. His wife,
Karen, serves as harvest-crew
boss every summer.

Kim McPherson, Lubbock, Texas
Kim McPherson’s father founded
Llano Estacado Winery in
Lubbock in 1976. Kim returned
to the winery as winemaker
after completing the enology
and viticulture program at

the University of California

at Davis. He created the
McPherson Cellars label in 2000
and will open his own winery
in Lubbock this summer.

Guy Stout, Houston, Texas

Guy Stout knows the Texas wine
business—growing grapes (in his
Central Texas vineyard), wine
distribution, and the fine art of
wine tasting. He is the state’s only
Master Sommelier, a designation
given by the international Court
of Master Sommeliers only after
someone studies for years.

Caris Turpen, Fort Worth, Texas
Caris Turpen is the owner and
winemaker of LightCatcher
Winery. Though her first career
was in film, she began making
wine as a hobby. Deciding on a
second career in wine making, she
went back to school and got her
degree in enology and viticulture.
She opened LightCatcher in 2001
and has won numerous awards
and acclaim for her wines.

mostly from the South Bronx in New York, went
on to establish new frontiers in various genres of

group of composers, instrumentalists, and singers,

Latin and American music, making their mark
throughout the world. Grupo Folklérico became
legendary for experimental recordings that brought
together some of the most gifted, often little-noticed
elder musicians, deeply rooted in Puerto Rican and
other Caribbean and Latin American communities
and popular with audiences.

Participants Rinzler Concert 105

Wednesday June 25

11:00 |

12:00 |

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

Bhutan Four Friends Tsechu
Kitchen Narrative Stage Stage

Opening Ceremony

Dancehall

Cattle
God's Gifts:

Butter and

Traditional
= Bhutanese

Music and Dance

Cheese ,
The Four
Friends Story | = bo a
ty |
Ritual Monastic
Life of Monks Dance
and Nuns |
Taste of
ae —— aa = SSS |
Bhutan | }
Understanding Teaditional
Art in Bhutan
Bhutanese

Music and Dance

_—____j_____ |

Storytelling Closing Ritual |

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

In addition to the daily scheduled discussions and
performances, there are ongoing demonstrations of Bhutan’s

cultural and ritual traditions throughout the Festival site.

Visitors are invited to meet Bhutanese participants to
learn more about the kingdom’s rich heritage and diverse
environment through zorig chusum (thirteen traditional
arts), monastic arts, foodways, traditional medicine, Bhutan’s
national sport of archery, and other recreational activities.

Wednesday June 25

al —— Moon and Mars >

> International
What on Earth? SEE :
| | Space Station

Ongoing NASA Activities

In addition to the daily scheduled discussions and presentations,
there are ongoing demonstrations of NASA’s occupational
culture throughout the site. Visitors are invited to meet NASA
personnel and to learn more about aeronautics, astronomy,
earth science, human spaceflight, moonbuggies, NASA
history, propulsion, robotics, space art, space science, and new
technologies derived from NASA research.

June 25 Wednesday

TEXAS

Dancehall Lone Star Kitchen Opry House Texas Talk NASA Kids’ Space

Visit the Kids’ Space tent to pick up your
11:00 |, Mission Guide booklet, which is filled
with fun activities, such as designing
Opening Ceremony space vehicles and making craters. You'll

Dancehall earn a NASA reward to take home for
finding solutions to challenges in the
NASA program tents. There will also be
1 opportunities to meet NASA scientists and

12:00 : So ear,
engineers, see exciting science demonstra-
7 a tions, and participate in some awesome
: events. Check the Kids’ Space schedule
| Jones Family <i ar ley
. z sign daily.
ingers
San Antonio Talking Terroir
Teese |ohGey dex Mex bg Bhutan Kids’ Activities
1:00 Brown Cooking Visit the Treasure Hunt tent to pick up
7 your “Treasures of Bhutanese Culture”
Os aon é > .
| activity sheet, which will help you dis-
Texmaniacs with | : ,
T ; | cover the eight lucky signs, learn some
| Fiddlin’ Frenchie | a -
Burke Making Wine Dzongkha (the national language of
Te aoa ase Polish Texan NWateraiesne iactes Bhutan), and find new ways to explore
ae Cooking ae the Bhutan program. Elsewhere on-site,
2:00 ev anvinines you can color your own Bhutanese post-
age stamp and mail it, make traditional
Texas Johnny | | Bhutanese biscuits, learn some Bhutanese
Brews dance steps, try on a kira or gho, draw and
Cowboy Fiddles, Fiddles, paint in the Bhutanese style, use a block
Cooking | Fiddles print to make a prayer flag, and more.
Little Joe y | |
3:00 la Familia
by
Los
Texmaniacs
with Taco Polak-os:
Mingo Saldivar te |
| Vietnamese 2 Eating ue |
es Cooking | San Antonio |
4:00 Amis Creole
Terri Hendrix
/ and | Tejano Music
Jody Nix Southern | Lloyd Maines |
5:00 and the African-American |
Texas Cowboys Cooking by

Ongoing Texas Activities

In the Texas Wine Making tent, representatives from nine of Texas’s most famous
wineries will demonstrate the science of wine production, from vine to bottle.
Visitors will go on a virtual tour of a vineyard and a winery to learn about the
grape harvest, grape crushing, fermentation, wine aging, and bottling. They will
be invited to smell ingredients that give wines their flavor and aroma, and young
visitors will be able to participate in a daily grape stomp.

£9 indicates American Sign Language-interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

Schedule Wednesday June 25 107

11:00

12:00

1:00 |

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

108

Thursday June 26

Tsechu
Narrative Stage Stage

Bhutan Four Friends

Kitchen

What's ina

Name?

Traditional
Dragon Drinks:

Tea and Alcohol

Bhutanese Music

ty and Dance

Movie Making in

Bhutan
Cattle

God's Gifts: Ritual Monastic |

Buckwheat

|
———— Bhutanese Music
Noodles |

and Dance
Crops: From

Farm to Family ———

Natural Teaching

Resources

Used in Art |

Festive Foods

Storytelling | Closing Ritual

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

In addition to the daily scheduled discussions and
performances, there are ongoing demonstrations of Bhutan’s
cultural and ritual traditions throughout the Festival site.
Visitors are invited to meet Bhutanese participants to
learn more about the kingdom’s rich heritage and diverse
environment through zorig chusum (thirteen traditional
arts), monastic arts, foodways, traditional medicine, Bhutan’s
national sport of archery, and other recreational activities.

dule Thursday June 26

Packaging Food

for Space
| NASA and
Science Update | A
P Nation
|
by
Planning
NASA and for the
| Popular | Moon and Mars Space Shuttle
| Imagination |
| ;
Rocket Probing the
Scientists Creating Menus Planets
| | for Space
637 P
= }
| }
Astronaut Mysterious
Adventures Universe

Ongoing NASA Activities

11:00

12:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

TEXAS
Dancehall Lone Star Kitchen Opry House Texas Talk
]
The
Southern Jones Family
African-American Singers SaAntenie
3 : Cooking coe
Terri Hendrix ounds |
and i |
Lloyd Maines by
|
The
Gillette Brothers | Bennie |
Polishuexan | Restaurants in
Te ee ye e Texas
Jones Family | -00king :
Singers |
| Les
Amis Creole
Family Bands
Los
i ; Cowboy ty
Texmaniacs with Cook ; = |
OOK
Mingo Saldivar Poe
The
Gillette Brothers Remembering
the
Jody Nix ; Duke Peacock
and the Pic orames Record Label
Cooki
Texas Cowboys eae
Los
| |
Texmaniacs
with
Augie Meyers Becoming a
San Antoni | Winemaker
Texas Johnny as |
Tex-Mex
Brown : |
Cooking
&y
Jody Nix T
exas: |
and the z
= 2 French Style
Little Joe y Cowboy Texas Cowboys
la Familia Cooking

Ongoing Texas Activities

£9 indicates American Sign Language—interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

June 26 Thursday

NASA Kids’ Space

Visit the Kids’ Space tent to pick up your
Mission Guide booklet, which is filled
with fun activities, such as designing
space vehicles and making craters. You'll
earn a NASA reward to take home for
finding solutions to challenges in the
NASA program tents. There will also be
opportunities to meet NASA scientists and
engineers, see exciting science demonstra-
tions, and participate in some awesome
events. Check the Kids’ Space schedule
sign daily.

Bhutan Kids’ Activities

Visit the Treasure Hunt tent to pick up
your “Treasures of Bhutanese Culture”
activity sheet, which will help you dis-
cover the eight lucky signs, learn some
Dzongkha (the national language of
Bhutan), and find new ways to explore
the Bhutan program. Elsewhere on-site,
you can color your own Bhutanese post-
age stamp and mail it, make traditional
Bhutanese biscuits, learn some Bhutanese
dance steps, try on a kira or gho, draw and
paint in the Bhutanese style, use a block
print to make a prayer flag, and more.

EVENING CONCERTS

Texas

Dancehall 6:00 PM

Sounds of San Antonio
Los Texmaniacs with Mingo Saldivar,
Augie Meyers, and
Fiddlin’ Frenchie Burke

Schedule Thursday June 26 109

Bhutan Four Friends Tsechu
Kitchen Narrative Stage Stage
11:00 ; aI * cm }
D Drink The Eight Traditional
ragon Drinks: cy Sig
i eS ; Lucky Signs Bhutanese Music
Tea and Alcohol
and Dance
: |
— — The Art of |
12:00
Bhutanese
Cattle Postage Stamps
God’s Gifts: — | Ritual Monastic
Butter and Dance |
Cheese
Monarchy and
= - 7) Democracy [hie a
1:00 |
| Traditional
TeeaeeR natn Bhutanese Music
s E and Dance
Connections
Taste of tye Pt |e te ee
2:00 | Bhutan
Looking at
the Stars Teaching
3)
jp! Bhutaninthe §}——————————
3:00 2
Twenty-first
Century
Buckwheat == | - Ritual Monastic
Noodles Dance
| |
Ghos and Kiras
4:00 — iat einai |
Traditional
Home Alears Bhutanese Music
and Rituals and Dance
Festive Foods | éy
5:00 | |
Storytelling Closing Ritual |

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

110 Schedule Friday June 27

Ongoing NASA Activities

June 27 Friday

TEXAS
Dancehall Lone Star Kitchen Opry House Texas Talk NASA Kids’ Space
: aoe == Visit the Kids’ Space tent to pick up your
11:00 Mission Guide booklet, which is filled
Seana a with fun activities, such as designing
hes space vehicles and making craters. You'll
Polish Texan AunisiGrecle Saturday Ruehey | earn a NASA reward to take home for
Cooking ee finding solutions to challenges in the
Los : F NASA program tents. There will also be
Tex ania’ Sunday Morning | ae ei aoe
——<——— opportunities to meet NASA scientists and
12:00 with | ; awe Gene ae
| engineers, see exciting science demonstra-
peigie Nevers ff ~ = tions, and participate in some awesome
| by Little Joe y events. Check the Kids’ Space schedule
la Familia sign daily.
Lubbock on |
Ge Cowboy | } My Mind | a see
Jody Nix = | y Mine Bhutan Kids’ Activities
and the ooking
1:00 a Visit the Treasure Hunt tent to pick up
| Texas Cowboys | “« - ; »
| | your “Treasures of Bhutanese Culture
activity sheet, which will help you dis-
| Texas Johnny : ‘ :
as 4 7 4 cover the eight lucky signs, learn some
| rown Suste -@ 5 e
SUSLEDaUGE Dzongkha (the national language of
Cheese and in ane Bhutan), and find new ways to explore
Little Joe y Chiles: From —__|_— Black Church the Bhutan program. Elsewhere on-site,
2:00 la Familia Texas to you can color your own Bhutanese post-
Bhutan ————— age stamp and mail it, make traditional
by Joe Ely Bhutanese biscuits, learn some Bhutanese
|
[ | and TN ae dance steps, try on a kira or gho, draw and
| Joe Guzman | or oo paint in the Bhutanese style, use a block
. ae rint to make a prayer flag, and more.
The Southern | Tex-Mex Music P Pre) a
African-American /—
3:00 Gillette Brothers 7 re
Cooking
The
Jones Panty, EVENING CONCERTS =
Singers Accordions: Taxae —
Jody Nix San Antonio Texas Style
4:00 and the Tex-Mex
Texas Cowboys | Cooking | &3
| | Opry House 6:00 PM
Gil gis é Texas Songsters
| Gillette Brothers GanbovGre Terri Hendrix and Lloyd Maines
Los andiGab Joe Ely and Joel Guzman
Texmaniacs Vietnamese | —_ |
5:00 with Cooking | Fi
Augie Meyers |_______________i Bhutan
l J
Tsechu Stage 6:00 PM

Music and Dance from the
Land of the Thunder Dragon

Ongoing Texas Activities

In the Texas Wine Making tent, representatives from nine of Texas’s most famous

wineries will demonstrate the science of wine production, from vine to bottle.

Visitors will go on a virtual tour of a vineyard and a winery to learn about the

grape harvest, grape crushing, fermentation, wine aging, and bottling. They will

be invited to smell ingredients that give wines their flavor and aroma, and young

visitors will be able to participate in a daily grape stomp.

£9 indicates American Sign Language—interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

Schedule Friday June 27 111

11:00 |

12:00

1:00 ©

2:00 ©

3:00

4:00

5:00

112

Saturday June 28

Tsechu
Stage

Four Friends
Narrative Stage

Bhutan
Kitchen

Zorig Chusum:
The Thirteen Traditional

Dragon Drinks:
Traditional Arts

Bhutanese Music
Tea and Alcohol Sie sae

and Dance

Gross National
Happiness

Tourism and |

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

Schedule Saturday June 28

NASA
Exploration Food
Lab

Stage

r =

High Flight |
|
|
|

re |

Astronaut
Adventures

The Human
Body in Space

Mysterious

Universe

Creating Menus
for Space

Space Shuttle Rocket Scientists

Packaging Food
for Space

Planning
for the
Moon and Mars

Creating Menus
for Space

| International
Space Station

NASA Pioneers

Probing the
Planets

NASA and
Nation

Packaging Food

Probing th Fe C
cues one et foySpace Space Shuttle
Planets
| Astronaut Planning Moon Bound
Adventures c
for the

Moon and Mars

£3

What on Earth?

Ongoing NASA Activities

High Flight

11:00

12:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

Little Joe y
la Familia

| The

SanAntonio Gillette Brothers

|
Tex-Mex
Cooking

Ongoing Texas Activities

| All in the Family

(Business)

In the Texas Wine Making tent, representatives from nine of Texas’s most famous

wineries will demonstrate the science of wine production, from vine to bottle.

Visitors will go on a virtual tour of a vineyard and a winery to learn about the
grape harvest, grape crushing, fermentation, wine aging, and bottling. They will
be invited to smell ingredients that give wines their flavor and aroma, and young
visitors will be able to participate in a daily grape stomp.

9 indicates American Sign Language-interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

June 28 Saturday

NASA Kids’ Space

Bhutan Kids’ Activities

EVENING CONCERTS
yr

Rinzler Concert G

Opry House 6:00 PM

Ralph Rinzler Memorial Concert
in honor of René Lopez
Grupo Folklorico y
Experimental Nuevayorquino

Y
by

Texas

Dancehall 6:00 PM

Saturday Night and Sunday Morning
The Jones Family Singers
Texas Johnny Brown

Schedule Saturday June 28 113

114

1:00

2:00

1:00

3:00 |

4:00

5:00

Four Friends
Narrative Stage

Bhutan
Kitchen

The Four

Traditional

Dragon Drinks:
Tea and Alcohol

Friends Story
Sn y Bhutanese Music _ |

and Dance

Natural

= |
|

Resources

Cattle Used in Art | |
God’s Gifts: |} :s- Ritual Monastic |
Butter and Dance
Cheese |
Sacred |
| a ez Environment ae
| Traditional |
Environment | Bhutanese Music
| And AgE | and Dance
| | |
Taste of | a |
Bhutan
Cultural and |
Environmental Traditional
| Diversity Bhutanese Music
| &7) and Dance
}—_—_____________| W/hat’s for Dinner?
| Geography
| and Crops
Buckwheat tac _| Ritual Monastic
Noodles Dance
Stewardship |
| of the
— || Environment ea ee reas |
| |
| Traditional
Bhutanese Music
Eco-Tourism and Dance
| Festive Foods by
| | | |
] |
Storytelling | Closing Ritual

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

Schedule Sunday June 29

NASA
Exploration Food Galaxy
Stage Lab Stage

Rocket Scientists | Packaging Food

Space Shuttle

for Space
re
Mysterious
NASA Pioneers :

Universe
bg Planning
t-———_—— for the
| Moon and Mars
|

NASA and

ae What on Earth?
the Media

Creating Menus |

for Space

International
Space Station

Probing the
Moon and Mars

The Human
Body in Space

£3

Rocket Scientists

Creating Menus |
for Space

Leading the
Greening

| Planets |
|

&3
| Astronaut International
Adventures | Space Station
| |

High Flight

Ongoing NASA Activities

11:00

12:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

TEXAS
Dancehall Lone Star Kitchen Opry House Texas Talk
= = = =
|
|
| _
|
| | Texas Guitar | |
Vietnamese Traditions |
Cooking | Lone Star
The | | Barbecue Styles
Jones Family | ee =
Singers
Les
Amis Creole
/ Southern | Talking Terroir
Jody Nix | African-American é7 |
and the Cooking
Texas Cowboys |
| |
The |
| Jones Family |
} Singers | The |
| | | Vietnamese in
| Terri Hendrix | San Antonio | eee
and Tex-Mex OO
Lloyd Maines Cooking
| | ihe
| Gillette Brothers
| Couple-run
| Wineries |
Les | Polish Texan | |
Amis Creole Cooking |
&7
Los
| Texmaniacs
|
| | Sisters in Song |
dy Nix
IS Cowboy |
and the Can
Sooking | |
Texas Cowboys ane |
|
| | | |
| Texas Johnny | Accordion
| Brown Building
Los Polish Texan |
Texmaniacs | Cooking |
£3

Ongoing Texas Activities

£9 indicates American Sign Language—interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

June 29 Sunday

NASA Kids’ Space

Bhutan Kids’ Activities

EVENING CONCERTS

Texas é Ne

Dancehall 6:00 PM

Waltz Across Texas Dance Party
Gillette Brothers
Jody Nix and the Texas Cowboys
Asleep at the Wheel

Schedule Sunday June 29 115

Wednesday July 2

Bhutan Four Friends Tsechu
Kitchen Narrative Stage Stage
11:00 cs an
D Drink The Four Traditional |
ragon Drinks: mentees ;
re Friends Story Bhutanese Music
Tea and Alcohol
and Dance
= a |
L = | SS =a
12:00 | Bhutanese |
Architecture
Cattle |
God’s Gifts: |e 2 Ritual Monastic |
Butter and Dance
Cheese | a |
Life of Monks
a and Nuns |
1:00
67
Traditional
Cc = Bhutanese Music |
“rops: From
| Farm to Family andDance
|
Taste of |e eae || 2 ee Se
2:00 Bhutan |
Images ot Traditional
| Bhutan Bhutanese Music
and Dance
bz
a #8 8=—l i Gross National | |
Happiness | |
Buckwheat Ritual Monastic
Noodles Dance |

Birth, Death,
and Rebirth |

| :
Movie Making ae
| in Bhutan

Festive Foods

5:00 |

Storytelling | Closing Ritual

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

dule Wednesday July 2

VASA
Exploration Food Galaxy

Stage Lab Stage

| NASA and

| NASA Pioneers Gren
creating Menus | Nation

| for Space

| Sun-Earth ae

Connections | Planets

Probing the

| | Packaging Food
—

SSS for the
| Moon and Mars
Probing the

| What on Earth?
Planets |

Creating Menus

| Moon and Mars

Moon Bound Rocket Scientists

Ongoing NASA Activities

12:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

5:00

yr i
/

TEXAS

Dancehall Lone Star Kitchen Opry House Texas Talk

| aoe | Mariachi Los

Cajun Aces Quartet Sound
| a | Czech Texan 6
| C] Chenier

Ongoing Texas Activities

9 indicates American Sign Language—interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

July 2 Wednesday

NASA Kids’ Space

Visit the Kids’ Space tent to pick up your
Mission Guide booklet, which is filled
with fun activities, such as designing
space vehicles and making craters. You'll
earn a NASA reward to take home for
finding solutions to challenges in the
NASA program tents. There will also be
opportunities to meet NASA scientists and
engineers, see exciting sclence demonstra-
tions, and participate in some awesome
events. Check the Kids’ Space schedule
sign daily.

Bhutan Kids’ Activities

EVENING CONCERTS

Texas

Dancehall 6:00 PM

Texas Blues and Zydeco Dance Party
Tutu Jones and the Soul Crew
CJ Chenier

Schedule Wednesday July 2 117

11:00

12:00 |

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

118

Thursday July 3

Bhutan Four Friends Tsechu
Kitchen Narrative Stage Stage
[ a a z a > a ]
The Four Traditional |

Dragon Drinks: Friends Story lea eens:
Tea and Alcohol | |

and Dance |

ain ae al
— — ae Prayer Wheels §=}_———________
and
Cattle Prayer Flags |
. SO Sere |
God’s Gifts: | Ritual Monastic
Butter and Dance
Cheese | Bhutan in the
Twenty-first
r Century -
—
Traditional
p Bhutanese Music
Bhutanese |
Belie& and Dance
|
| |
Taste of tt paul - by
Bhutan
| | |
|
| Environment |
| andvArt Ritual Monastic |
| | | Dance
| | | |
| |
|
| Home Altars
| and Rituals
| :
| Traditional
Buckwheat |
= Bhutanese Music
Noodles |
and Dance
Bhutanese
= Courtesies =
|
| Sacred Teaching
Rectiveikoods | Environment
|
| —
| Storytelling Closing Ritual
| es

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

In addition to the daily scheduled discussions and
performances, there are ongoing demonstrations of Bhutan’s
cultural and ritual traditions throughout the Festival site.
Visitors are invited to meet Bhutanese participants to
learn more about the kingdom’ rich heritage and diverse
environment through zorig chusum (thirteen traditional
arts), monastic arts, foodways, traditional medicine, Bhutan’s
national sport of archery, and other recreational activities.

Schedule Thursday July 3

NASA
Exploration Food Galaxy
Stage Lab Stage
| : Mysterious
NASA Pioneers Packaging Food | eee

Space Shuttle

Astronaut
Adventures

for Space

Moon Bound

Benefits to
Society

Probing the
Planets

Planning
for the
Moon and Mars

Creating Menus
for Space

Packaging Food
for Space

The Human
Body in Space

NASA and
Generation Y

NASA Pioneers

Planning
for the
Moon and Mars

NASA and
Nation

Rocket Scientists

| Astronaut
Adventures

High Flight

Ongoing NASA Activities

Creating Menus
for Space

‘3

What on Earth?

NASA in
Second Life

11:00

12:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

Ongoing Texas Activities

69 indicates American Sign Language-interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

July 3 Thursday

NASA Kids’ Space

Bhutan Kids’ Activities

EVENING CONCERTS

yw
Texas

Opry House 6:00 PM

Viva El Paso:
Building Connections with Bhutan
Artists from
Bhutan Royal Academy of
Performing Arts and the
Buddhist Monk Community
Mariachi Los Arrieros

Schedule Thursday July 3 119

120

Friday July 4

Bhutan Four Friends Tsechu
Kitchen Narrative Stage Stage
1:00
" se Gross National mraditional
ragon TINKS: > |
ss Elappiness Bhutanese Music |
Tea and Alcohol
69 and Dance
2:00 aay What's ina os 7
| Name?
Cattle |
God’s Gifts: | =i Ritual Monastic |
Butter and Dance
Cheese | |
Understanding
| S|) Artin Bhotan || ne
1:00 | | |
Cheese and Traditional
Chiles from P Bhutanese Music
Monarchy and
Bhutan to Texas 455-3 and Dance |
| Democracy |
by |
2:00 |
The Life of a
| Boor Teaching
| |
Taste of [ieee oe tk Oe I SI
3:00 © Bhutan Bhutan in the
| United States
| | |
[ee Se tae | Ritual Monastic
Dance
|
Cultural Identity | by
S| [eee ee es
4:00 |
Traditional
| The Eight Bhutanese Music
| Lucky Signs and Dance
Buckwheat |
Noodles _ ——
5:00 — |
|
; Ip ears
Storytelling Closing Ritual |
| |
| |
Ongoing Bhutan Activities
In addition to the daily scheduled discussions and
performances, there are ongoing demonstrations of Bhutan’s
cultural and ritual traditions throughout the Festival site.
Visitors are invited to meet Bhutanese participants to
learn more about the kingdom’s rich heritage and diverse
environment through zorig chusum (thirteen traditional
arts), monastic arts, foodways, traditional medicine, Bhutan’s
national sport of archery, and other recreational activities.
Schedule Friday July 4

Exploration Food Galaxy
Stage Lab Stage
Erobing the Planning Space Shuttle

Planets :
| for the

|
| Moon and Mars
| |

| SS =

Creating Menus

| for Space
| NASA and
Why We Explore = || :
| | Nation
| | |
éq|
°F! Packaging Food | _
for Space
| |
| What on Earth? | Rocket Scientists
et
| Planning
| for the
Astronaut | Moon and Mars NASA and
| Adventures Nation
| | | by
Sa as
|
: | Creating Menus NASA and
NASA for Space P
| opular
Photography | é
Imagination
!
|
|
Astronaut | |
Adventures | Packaging Food Moon Bound

| for Space

| NASA and

Popul | |
opular | Planets

| |

Probing the

Imagination

Ongoing NASA Activities

11:00

12:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

TEXAS
Dancehall Lone Star Kitchen Opry House Texas Talk
|
|
Mark Halata |
Czech Texan and
Cooking Texavia Fiddles, Fiddles,
The | Fiddles
Original Soul | -+————————J
Invaders
S|
Conjunto
Los Angeles
del Sur Texas
El Paso Barbecue
| Mexican Styles
James Hand Cooking el
by
Tutu Jones
and the
Soul Crew The
Songwriting
Mariachi Los Cowboy | Tradition
Arrieros Cooking
Charles ———
Thibodeaux
and the
Austin Making Wine
Tutu Jones Cajun Aces for Texas Tastes
Texas
and the Barb
arbecue
Soul Crew =
be The
Original Soul
Invaders
Dancing Texas
} Conjunto
West Texas
Los Angeles Bushee
| Seis arbecue |
Wal
| Guy Clark ee
| The EL Paso Across Texas
Quebe Sisters Mexican
Band Cooking
|
‘7

Ongoing Texas Activities

£3 indicates American Sign Language-interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

July 4 Friday

NASA Kids’ Space

Bhutan Kids’ Activities

Schedule Friday July 4 121

Saturday July 5

BHUTAN
Bhutan Four Friends Tsechu
Kitchen Narrative Stage Stage

11:00 |
The Four Traditional
Dragon Drinks: Friends Story
4 Bhutanese Music
Tea and Alcohol
and Dance
Natural
———_———
12:00 |
Resources
Cattle Used in Art
God's Gifts: £7 Ritual Monastic
Butter and Dance
Cheese
Sacred
Environment
1:00
Traditional
Bak Bhutanese Music
nvironment
anabAcE and Dance
Taste of
2:00 — Bhutan |
Cultural and
Eee Ritual Monastic
Diversity Dance
What's for Dinner? a
} Geography
and Crops De
Traditional
Buckwheat :
Noodl Bhutanese Music
Noodles
; and Dance
Stewardship
of the
4:00 Environment
Teaching

5:00

Eco-Tourism

Festive Foods >

Storytelling Closing Ritual

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

Schedule Saturday July 5

NASA
Exploration Food Galaxy
Stage Lab Stage
Moon Bound NASA Pioneers

Global NASA

Astronaut
Adventures

Mysterious
Universe

NASA Pioneers

Space Shuttle

Creating Menus
for Space

Packaging Food
for Space

Planning
for the
Moon and Mars

Creating Menus
for Space

Packaging Food
for Space

Space Shuttle

NASA and
Popular
Imagination

What on Earth?

| ~ “Se

Probing the
Planets

NASA and
Generation Y

Astronaut
Adventures

High Flight

Planning
for the
Moon and Mars

High Flight

NASA and
Popular
Imagination

Ongoing NASA Activities

11:00

12:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

TEXAS

Dancehall

Lone Star Kitchen

Opry House

Texas Talk

Conjunto
Los Angeles

cia

Mariachi Los
Arrieros

Home Canning

6 |

Mark Halata
and
Texavia

Ongoing Texas Activities

Cowboy deliSue Saturday Night
Cooking
= and
Sunday Morning
James Hand
| Charles
Thibodeaux
and the
Austin | om
Th West Texas Cajun Aces Soil to
s Barbecue Sommelier
Original Soul =
Invaders &7,
a
Tutu Jones |
and the
Soul Crew Texas Musicin |
Conjunto El Paso Translation |
Los Angeles Mexican
del Sur Cooking
The
Quebe Sisters
Band Living off
Tut : the Land
ueuJones Czech Texan
and the ae
Soul Crew Seam
Guy Clark
Wine-making
CORES Tradition and
Thibodeaux Wrestillexas | Innovation
and the SST
3 Barbecue
Austin
Cajun Aces

Texas Kinds
of Country

£9 indicates American Sign Language-—interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

July 5 Saturday

NASA Kids’ Space

Bhutan Kids’ Activities

EVENING CONCERTS

VA,

Texas

Dancehall 6:00 PM

Lone Star Dance Party
Guy Clark
Marcia Ball

Schedule Saturday July 5 123

11:00

12:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

Sunday July 6

Bhutan Four Friends
Kitchen Narrative Stage Stage
i - a a
The Four Traditional

Dragon Drinks: Friends Story

| Bhutanese Music |
Tea and Alcohol
|

and Dance

pe Sas ae le a £7!
}
] | Eco-Tourism |
Cattle | |
God's Gifts: ———————SséRitual Monastic |
Butter and | Dance
Cheese |
Buddhism in |
= nh 2S S| Bhutan ——— el
| Traditional
| Bhutanese Music |
TVin Bhutan | and Dance
| Taste of £9 |
Bhutan |

| What’s For Dinner? |

| Noodles | |

———
| | Traditional

Bhutan in the
| United States

Dance

Life of Monks
and Nuns

Bhutanese Music
and Dance

Festive Foods

Storytelling Closing Ritual

Ongoing Bhutan Activities

Schedule Sunday July 6

NASA
Exploration Food Galaxy
Stage Lab Stage
5 : Mysterious
NASA Pioneers | Packaging Food we |

Probing the
Planets

| for Space

| Packaging Food

NASA Art

| for Space

| NASA and

| Moon Bound

| Nation |

| —

| £3

Planning
| for the NASA and

Space Shuttle | Moon and Mars Popular

Imagination
|
|
|

| |

| Astronaut | International

Adventures Creating Menus Space Station

| for Space
Pi a aa EY

Mysterious

Universe

Ongoing NASA Activities

Probing the
Planets

11:00

12:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

TEXAS
Dancehall Lone Star Kitchen Opry House Texas Talk
‘ ]
Charles ———_______________
| Thibodeaux
El Paso and the
Mexican Austin
= eee eeeael Cooking Cajun Aces Saceed Sones
and
Texavia |
| Conjunto
Los Angeles :
del Sur ae
Ba Texas Cah Cook-offs and

Original Soul Cooking

Invaders

James Hand Home Canning

Gowhov,
Marcia Ball ow poy
Cooking

Tutu Jones
J West Texas

d th
ai ee Barbecue

Soul Crew

Czech Texan

Marcia Ball Cooking

Tutu Jones
and the
Soul Crew

The
Quebe Sisters
Band

Mariachi Los
Arrieros

James Hand

Show- offs

Lone Stars and
Squeezeboxes

Talking Terroir

Texas Czech
Celebrations

Fiddles, Fiddles, |
| Fiddles

Ongoing Texas Activities

€9 indicates American Sign Language-—interpreted program. Programs are subject to change.

July 6 Sunday

NASA Kids’ Space

Bhutan Kids’ Activities

Schedule Sunday July 6 125

General Festival Information

FESTIVAL HOURS

The Opening Ceremony of the
Festival will take place on the
Texas Dancehall at 11:00 a.m.,
Wednesday, June 25. Thereafter,
Festival hours will be 11 a.m. to
5:30 p.m., with special evening
events. See the daily schedules

on pages 106-125 for details.

FESTIVAL SALES

Visitors may purchase program-
related lunches, snacks, and
dinners from Festival food
concessions. Food is also available
inside the museums and at GSI
kiosks on the Mall. A variety

of objects produced by Festival
artisans and a selection of relevant
books and recordings are available
at the Festival Marketplace, which
is next to the Freer Gallery of
Art. Smithsonian Folkways
recordings are available there and

through www.folkways.si.edu.

PRESS

Visiting members of the press
should register at the Press tent
located near the Smithsonian
Metro station on the Mall at
Jefferson Drive and 12th Street.

FIRST AID

A first aid station is located
near the Smithsonian Metro
stop on the Mall at Jefferson
Drive and 12th Street.

RESTROOMS AND TELEPHONES

There are outdoor facilities for
members of the public, includ-
ing visitors with disabilities,
located near each of the program
areas on the Mall. Additional
restroom facilities are available

in the museum buildings during

General Information

visiting hours. Public telephones
are available on-site—opposite
and inside the American History

and Natural History museums.

LOST AND FOUND/LOST PEOPLE

Lost items or family members
should be brought to or picked
up from the Volunteer tent
located near the Smithsonian
Metro stop on the Mall at
Jefferson Drive and 12th Street.

METRO STATIONS

Metro trains will run every
day of the Festival. The
Festival site is easily acces-
sible from the Smithsonian and
Federal Triangle stations on

the Blue and Orange lines.

SERVICES FOR VISITORS
WITH DISABILITIES

Large-print and CD versions

of the daily schedule and a CD
version of the program book

are available at the Festival
Information kiosks and the
Volunteer tent. The program
book is available in other formats
upon request. A limited num-
ber of wheelchairs are available
for loan at the Volunteer tent.
Audio loops are installed at the
music stages. Service animals

are welcome. American Sign
Language interpreters are avail-
able on-site and can be requested
at the Volunteer tent; the Festival
schedule indicates which per-
formances and presentations are
interpreted. The Smithsonian
will offer a verbal description
and tactile tour of the Festival on
Thursday, June 26, at 11:00 a.m.
for visitors who are blind or have

low vision; contact access@si.edu

for reservations. Other modes of
interpretation may be provided
if a request is made two weeks in
advance by calling 202.633.4353
(TTY) or 202.633.2921 (voice),

or by contacting access@si.edu.

THUNDERSTORMS

In case of a severe rainstorm,
visitors should go inside a museum
during visiting hours. Summer
rainstorms are usually brief,

and often the Festival resumes
operations within an hour or two.
In the event of a thunderstorm,
the Festival must close. Do not

remain under a tent or a tree!

ESPECIALLY FOR

CHILDREN AND FAMILIES

Because many of the activities

in the Bhutan program will take
place for the first time ever in the
United States, the 2008 Festival
will offer families an especially
rare opportunity to learn about
one of the world’s least known
countries. Young visitors will be
able to join Bhutanese participants
in traditional dances, the thirteen
traditional arts (zorig chusum),
and festive games. In the NASA
program’s Kids’ Space, young
people will have the chance to
interact directly with Festival
participants through a variety

of hands-on activities and learn
more about NASA through

the Mission Guide booklet.

Related Events

BHUTAN

Lecture on Bhutanese Traditions:
Kunzang Choden

Meyer Auditorium,
The Freer Gallery of Art
June 25, 7 p.m.

A leading authority on Bhutanese
culture shares her personal
experiences from growing up in
the Himalayas. Kunzang Choden’s
books include Folktales of Bhutan
and Bhutan Tales of the Yeti. Her
2005 novel Circle of Karma follows
a feisty young girl who leaves

her family and travels far from
home, much as the author did on
horseback at age twelve. Kunzang
Choden reads from her books and
offers insights into Bhutanese life
and society, including its unusual

matriarchal system.

Bhutanese Music and Masked Dances
Lecture-Demonstrations

Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Pavilion
Music from Bhutan

June 27, June 28, July 3,

and July 6, 12 p.m.

Join Bhutanese singers and
instrumentalists to learn about
music from the Land of the
Thunder Dragon. Discover how
traditional music plays a role in
daily life in Bhutan.

Masked Dances of Bhutan

June 27, June 28, July 3,

and July 6, 3 p.m.

Learn more about the symbolic
elements of Bhutanese masked
dances, expressed by the
dancers, their costumes, and
their instruments. This is a
rare opportunity for close-up
interactions with monks and
other traditional dancers

from the remote Himalayan

mountain kingdom.

Recent Films from Bhutan

Meyer Auditorium,

The Freer Gallery of Art
Travellers and Magicians

June 26, 2 p.m. and July 2, 7 p.m.
This is a cinematic fable by
Khyentse Norbu, Bhutan’s

most famous director and one

of Himalayan Buddhism’s most
revered lamas. “To watch this
movie,” wrote Desson Thomson
in the Washington Post, “is to be
moved not only by an affecting,
warmly spirited yarn, but also by
the wisdom that seems to waft

to us directly from those snow-
capped peaks.” 2003. 108 min. in
Dzongkha with English subtitles.
Special guests: Tshewang Dendup,
the film’s star, and Sonam Dorji,

performer on the film’s soundtrack
July 2 and July 3

Recent Bhutanese films will be

screened throughout the afternoon.

Smithsonian Associates
All-Day Seminar

S. Dillon Ripley Center
Bhutan—Exploring the Last
Himalayan Kingdom

July 12, 10 a.m.—4:30 p.m.

Largely isolated from the outside
world until three decades ago, the
spectacularly beautiful Kingdom
of Bhutan is tucked in the massive
mountains and subtropical forests
between China and India. This
tiny Buddhist nation 1s striving

to retain the best of its traditional
values amidst rapidly changing

internal and external

environments. Television and the
Internet only became available
there in 1999, and in March of
this year, Bhutan held its first
democratic popular election for
parliament. In this illustrated
seminar, officials and experts
from Bhutan introduce travelers
to their fascinating country.

For more information, visit

Wwww.residentassociates.org.

The Dragon's Gift:
The Sacred Arts of Bhutan

Rubin Museum of Art,

New York City

September 19, 2008—January 5, 2009
In an historic gesture, the Royal
Government of Bhutan is releasing
the masterpieces of its kingdom
for exhibition in The Dragon’s
Gift: The Sacred Arts of Bhutan.
Organized by the Honolulu
Academy of Arts, The Dragon’s
Gift is a groundbreaking display
of national treasures, highlighting
the religious arts of Bhutan

and exploring the historical,
philosophical, spiritual, and
artistic perspectives of its culture.
For more information, visit

Www.rmanyc.org.

Kennedy Center
Millennium Stage

Participants in the Bhutan program
will perform on the Kennedy
Center Millennium Stage on
Saturday, July 5, from 6 to 7 p.m.
For more information, visit
www.kennedy-center.org/

programs/millennium.

Related Events 127

NASA

Films at Baird Auditorium,
National Museum of Natural History

The National Museum of
Natural History will present the
following feature-length films,
from 5 to 7:30 p.m.

Friday, June 27

In the Shadow of the Moon

Saturday, June 28
{pollo 13

Sunday, June 29
2001; A Space Odyssey

Exhibitions at the National
Air and Space Museum

The National Air and Space
Museum has several exhibitions
on display that relate to the NASA
program. Space: A Journey to Our
Future highlights current projects
In space exploration and some
possibilities for future human
space travel. NASA Art: Fifty Years
of Exploration presents works of art
that capture the wonder of
NASA's endeavors. How Things Fly
teaches the principles of flight.
Visit Www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions
for more information about

these and other exhibitions on

aeronautics and space.

Space Symphony Orchestra
National Museum of the
American Indian

Wednesday, June 25, 6 p.m.

[The Space Symphony Orchestra
under Emil de Cou will perform
da free concert of space-related
music while projections of NASA
images enliven the Potomac
atrium of the National Museum

of the American Indian.

TEXAS

Kennedy Center
Millennium Stage

Participants in the Texas program

will perform on the Kennedy Center

Millennium Stage on the following
evenings, from 6 to 7 p.m. For more
information, visit www.kennedy-

center.org/programs/millennium.

Wednesday, June 25
yo. z

Jody Nix and the Texas Cowboys

Sunday, June 29

Los Texmaniacs

Wednesday, July 2

The Quebe Sisters Band
Thursday, July 3

Tutu Jones and the Soul Crew
Friday, July 4

Mark Halata and Texavia

Sunday, July 6

James Hand

Wad

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