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201K CENTURY HISTORY

Delaware County, Ohio

AND

REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

EDITED AND COMPILED BY

JAMES R.. LYTLE
DELAWARE. OHIO

"History is Philosophy Teaching by Examples"

PUBLISHED BY

BIOGRAPHICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY

GEORG2 RICHMOND. Pres. : C. R. ARNOLD. Secy axd Treas

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

1908

I 2-

preface

HE aim of the publishers of this volume and of the author of the
history has been to secure for the historical portion thereof full and
accurate data respecting the history of the county from the time of
its early settlement, and to condense it into a clear and interesting
.narrative. All topics and occurrences have been included that were
essential to this object. Although the original purpose was to limit the narra-
tive to the close of 1906. it has been found expedient to touch on many matters
relating to the year [907, and also, in some measure to the current year 1908.

It is impossible to enumerate here all those to whom thanks are clue for
assistance rendered and kindly interest taken in this work. We would, how-
ever, mention Rev. A. C. Crist and Dr. S. W. Fowler as those to whom we
feel under an especial debt of gratitude.

In the preparation of the history reference has been made to. and in some
cases extracts taken from, standard historical and cither works on different
subjects treated of.

The reviews of resolute and strenuous lives which make up the biographical
department of this volume, and whose authorship is for the most part inde-
pendent of that of the history, are admirably calculated to foster local ties, to
inculcate patriotism, and to emphasize the rewards of industry dominated by
intelligent purpose. They constitute a most appropriate medium of perpet-
uating personal annals, and will be of incalculable value to the descendants
of those commemorated. These sketches, replete with stirring incidents and
intense experiences, are flavored with a strong human interest that u ill
naturally prove to a large portion of the readers of this book its most
attractive feature.

in the aggregate of personal memoirs thus collated will be found a vivid

epitome of the growth of Delaware County, which will fitly supplement the
historical statement, for the development is identified with that of the men
and women to whom it is attributable. The publishers have endeavored to
pass over no feature of the work slightingly, but to fittingly supplement the
editor's labors b\ exercising care over the minutest details of publication, and
thus give to the volume the three-fold value of a readable narrative, a useful
work of reference, and a tasteful ornament to the library. We believe the
result has justified the care thus exercised.

Special prominence has been given to the portraits of representative
citizens which appear throughout the volume, and we believe that they will
prove not its least interesting feature. We have sought in this department to
illustrate the different spheres of industrial and professional achievement as
conspicuously as possible. To all those who have kindly interested themselves
in the successful preparation of this work, and who have voluntarily contributed
most useful information and data, or rendered other assistance, we hereby
tender our grateful acknowledgements.

THE PUBLISHERS.
Chicago, 111.

Bote

All the biographical sketches published in this volume were submitted to
their respective subjects or to the subscribers, from whom the facts were
primarily obtained, for their approval or correction before going to press : and
a reasonable time was allowed in each case for the return of the type-written
copies. Most of them were returned to us within the time allotted, or before
the work was printed, after being corrected or revised : and these may there-
fore be regarded as reasonably accurate.

A few. however, were not returned to us : and. as we have no means of
knowing whether they contain errors or not, we cannot vouch for their
accuracy. In justice to our readers, and to render this work more valuable
for reference purposes, we have indicated these uncorrected sketches by a smal'
asterisk I *), placed immediately after the name of the subject. They will all
be found on the last pages of the book.

THE PUBLISHERS.

Contents

CHAPTER I.

Geology and Topography 17

Bed Rock Geology — The Ice Age — Water Supply— Soils — Surface Features — Timber -Agricultural Products —
Mineral Spring's.

CHAPTER II.

Indian Occupation ...41

Prehistoric Races— The Red Race — The Delawares — Relations Between the Settlers and the Indians —War ot
1812 — Anecdotes.

CHAPTER III.

Settlement of tfif. Northwest Territory and Organization of the State of Ohio 54

Boundaries Denned — Derivation of Title and Early Explorations — AcHevement of George Rogers Clark — State
Cessions and Indian Treaties — Settlement — Indian Wars — St. Clair's Defeat — Wayne's Campaign and Battle of
Fallen Timber — Organization of the Northwest Territory — Organization of the State of Ohio.

CHAPTER IV.

Settlement and Organization of Delaware County • '-

Derivation of Title — First Settlement — Growth of Population — First Events — Pioneer Industries -Early Roads
and Taverns — Organization of the County — Early Political History — County and Other Officials.

CHAPTER V.

Delaware — The County Seat 104

When Laid Out and by Whom —Its Settlement and History — Early Military Importance— Stores and Eatly In-
dustries -Growth of Population — Incorporation — Citv Government Organized — Roster of Officials— Public
Buildings — Water Works — Fire Department — Cemeteries.

CHAPTER VI.

Transportation Facilities ' '-' •'

Early Roads and Stage Coaches — Turnpikes— Proposed Canal -The Railroad Era— First Successful Railroad —
Other Railroad Enterprises— Railroad Shops Located in Delaware — Electric Railways.

CHAPTER VII.

Manufactures

Manufacturing Possibilities of Delaware County— Early Mills and Mill Machinery -A Tragic Occurrence-
Chair Manufacture— Lumber, Furniture, Etc. — Flour Mills— Distilleries— Leather— Textile Prodm i-

Mills — Oil Enterprises— P'oundries, Etc. — Artificial Ice— Light, Heat and Power— Brooms -Evaporated I ds

— Clay Products — Cigars — Creameries — Lime and Stone— Gas Manufacture.

i::o

CONTENTS

CHAPTER VIII.

Banks and Banking 153

A History of the Banks of Delaware Counts — Past and Present.

CHAPTER IX.

Public Institutions . . . . 1 ili

The Ladies' Christian Union — Delaware County Infirmary — Children's Home of Delaware — Home for the
Aged— Jane M. Case Memorial Hospital-Girls' Industrial Home.

CHAPTER X.

The Press ls.S

Newspapers and Editors of the Past and of the Present.

CHAPTER XI.

Education (I 1 [93

Introductory— Public Schools of the City of Delaware — District Schools aDd Early Teachers — St. Mary's
Parochial School — Statistics — Delaware City Library — Delaware County Historical and Archeological Society.

CHAPTER XII.

Education (III 217

Ohio Wesleyan University.

CHAPTER XIII.

Religious or Church History of Delaware County 2-17

First Churches and Pioneer Ministers -General History of Religious Organizations- Churches and Clergy of

Today.

CHAPTER XIV.

The Bench and Bar 297

Early History First Court and First Lawyers —The Present Bar and Its High Standing.

CHAPTER XV.

The Medical Profession :;(2

Delaware County Medical Men of the Past and of the Present.

CHAPTER XVI.

Military History of the County 379

Revolutionary War — War of 1812— Seminole War— Mexican War — War of the Rebellion- Spanish-American
War.

CHAPTER XVII.

Fraternal and Benevolent Organizations - 410

Masons — Knights of Pythias — Independent Order of Odd Fallows — Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks
— Ancient Order of Hibernians — Improved Order of Red Men — Other Societies.

CHAPTER XVIII.

Townships and Towns 435

Settlement and Organization of the Townships — Settlement and Founding of the Towns — Sketches of Ashley.
Galena, Sunbury, Ostrander, Lewis Center, Powell, Radnor, and other towns.

i :al (97

1Tnbex

Biographical

PAGE

Adamson, J. I 7-7

Albright, Werter B 332

Alexander, Dr. R. C 367

Alkire, Emanuel 893

Andrews. Dr. Frank 365

Andrews, Dr. Hugh B 68l

Andrews, Joseph H 681

Armstrong, Charles 73%

Armstrong, George 738

Athf rton, Lee 717

Au-tin. Prof. Cyrus I! ., D. D. 681

Avery, Dr. J. W ^,7.^

Ave ry, R M 835

A\ res, Isaac 562

A3 r - Ji ihn J 669

Ayres, Col. Jacob 562

Bagley, Andrew J 606

Bank of Ashley, The 660

1 r, Judge Gideon G 328

Barbour, Dr 349

Barnes, James M 303

Barnes, Dr. Lewis 368

Barrj . Ge W 341

Ba • n. Clay W 793

Baxter, George W 867

Beau, Hiram 573

Beech< r, Harry II 329

Bell, Stanley ''74

Benedict, Griffith G 7-'i

tt, Dr. A. E 367

Benton. Benj. T 528

ton, Run P 339

Beiil m, Edw. W 528

n, J. R 528

PAGE

Berlett, Ji hn 799

Besse, Dr. Henry 37'

Bevan, David 667

Hi \ an, David, Sr 535

Bevan, William 535

Bigelow, Dr. Alpheus 346

Bird, Aimer J 409

Bird, Oliver Perry (99

Bishop, James 530

Bishop, Levi 530

Bishop, Wesley 530

Blakeley. I heodore F 778

Bliss, Dr. David P 362

Blymer, Dr. S 369

Bonner, Dr. O. W 361

Bi Higher, John F 824

Bovey, Emanuel 504

B"\ ey, William C 504

Brandebury. Edw F 330

Breece, Lewis 694

Breece, Tobias C 694

Brewster, Dr. Charles B.... 361

Brickcr. William M 896

Brooks, Cyrus C 326

Buck, Dr. Arthur H 356

Buck. Israel E 306

Bucky, Dr. Wm. C 365

Bumstead, Dr, Lencius 371

Burkard, Ferdinand J 730

Burnside. Thomas 751

Burr. Dr Jona II 34''

Campbell, Dr. J. C 373

1 inniK II. William Razil 750

( larlsi in, Charles s'i7

PAGE

Carney, Dr. Elijah 347

Carpenter, Geo. W 330

Carper, 1 lonier McK 310

Carr, S. T 701

Carr, Wray H N43

Carson, Cicero T 614

( 'arson, Wm 013

(.'alter, Hugh 556

Carter, James E 530

Carter. John H 893

Cumbers Dr. Jas 349

Charles, Bruce 598

Charles, Simon 598

Chase Rev. Ira 634

Cherry. Dr. James M 369

Chidester, Dr. Cyrus W 360

Clark. Elihu '140

Clark, Isaac . 640

Cleaver. Amos (i 573

Cleaver, Samuel M 574

Cline, Corfington 662

(line, Samuel D 662

Cochran, Dr. M. M 367

Cole, Capt. Elias 839

Cole, Edson B ?u

Cole. Ji seph 530

Cole. Thomas 523

Cole. Til. mas M SJ,

( '' ne, ( 1 phas (K57

Cone. Hon. John A Si 7

Cone, Judge John \ 321

Cone, John W 608

Cone, Titus King 607

Conklin, A. V., M. D 600

Conklin, Dr Abraham V 358

INDEX

PAGE

Conklin, Ashton Stover 687

Conklin, John 687

Constant, Dr. Win. T 356

Cook, John J 894

( 1 10k, Justine 300

Coomer. Dr. H. N 365

Copeland, Dr. Eleazer 346

Conner, Henry M 720

Courter, Peel Teed 720

Courtright, Fleetwood ........ 623

Courtright, John 623

Cowels, Dr. G. E 376

Cowgill, Charles C 767

Cowgill. John 723

Cowgill, Otway C 328

Cowles, G. E., M. I) 768

Cowles, Leonard H 299

G x, Robert J 502

Coyncr, Gei >rge 850

C03 lier, Judge ( ,eo 334

Crane. Dr. A. M 368

Crane, Elbert 616

Crane. Howard Clifton, M. D. 6t6

Crawford. Col. James M 593

Crawford, Col. James W 305

Cray, Dr. C. Churchill 374

Cray. Dr. Mice B 374

( 1 ego, Charles 699

Crego, J. Monroe 699

Crickard, James 604

Crickard, Dr, Win. F 350

Crickard, William ]•.. M. I).. 604

Crist. Rev. A. C 559

Crist. Hun. Harvey W 33S

CritchtieM, Leander J v 311

Cruikshank, A. S 782

Crumb, James II 637

Crumb, Lyman Jerome 637

Cryder, Charles 58)

Cryder, John M 582

Culver. Henry S 324

Cummins, Dr. S. P 368

Cunningham, Geo. 672

( unningham, Joseph II (172

Cum 11. I apt J. F 785

Dalton, Dexter X 732

1 '.a ids, Benjamin F 699

I >a\ ids, I lavid 699

Davids, Sylvanus 700

I lavis, H. H 704

D; /is, Robert R 743

Day, Dr. H. M 371

PAGE

Decker, Alexander X t>2?

Decker, Frederick 625

De Good. Orlin C 860

Dickerson, Lewis 609

Dickerson, Ruben G 609

Dill, Augustus B 551

Dill, Joel W 550

Dilsaver, Guj Ernest 576

I lisbennett, Thomas W 892

Donavin. Col. George B 885

Donovon, Taylor 668

Dumm, Dr. A. W 366

Dunlap, Calvin C 83!

I )ye, Thomas F 533

Eati Hi, Henry J 316

Eckelbery, Dr. Frank E 371

Edwards, Dr J 371

Ekelbery, Dr. Norton 367

Elsbree, Collins P 701

Elsbree. George F 701

Eulenburg, Count Botho.... 657
Eulenburg. Countess Nell)

Lytle 657

Fury. Jesse M 744

Et ails, I In mas 659

Evans, Wesley 7. 659

Faircliild. Belli. M 748

Fairchild, Sherman 74S

Farmers Savings Bank Co.,

The 738

Fay. I'.eiij \ 544

Fay. 1 lavid 544

Fay, Dr. D. C 375544

Feaster. Dr. II. F 559

Field, Dr. Erastus 370

Finch, Judge Sherman 302

Foster, I )r, 1 ieo. F 371

Fi iv\ ler, I >r Silas W 376

Fowler, Silas W.. \|. D ^.v,

Fi eese, I saac Marion 771

Freshwater, Judge Benj. 1".. 320

Fryman, Gee 38S

I- 1 5 man Thomas \ 588

Fuller, Judge David T 302

Furniss, Dr. Henry 373

1 i.ii'i iel, I [orace 321

( iabriel, I .uiher 521

( rage, 1 )r. Fred. 1 36r

Gardner, Irvin X 583

1 iardner, J ma 583

( iardner. Joseph 583

Gardner, Seth 777

( iaynor, John 513

Gaynor, John Francis 513

Gerhard Dr. M 348

Gerhardt, Dr. John H 31.7

Gerhardt, J. H.. M. D 718

( .ill. Judge John S :^<i

Gillett, Allen 836

Ginn. Muses 692

Glick, Lyman T 596

Click. Melvin Cass 596

Glover, Hon. John J 318

Cuihnan. I lenry C .3 14

Gorselene. Dr. V. H 37?

Graham, John 344

Graham, Milo D 343

1 irasser, John P 690

Gregg, I )r. Henry 340

Grifhn, Thomas J 333

Griffith, Mrs. Emma Cli

berlain 836

G lrich, Aaron S 876

G01 drich, Allison Ebenezer. . 875

Grant, Charles T 704

Haas. J. E 616

I I.ms, Hun. William E 616

Haggett. Dr. Walter M 373

Hall, Dr. Edw. M 330

Hall. Edward M.. M. D. 668

Hall, Wm. A 324

Hamilton, Eugene D 328

Hamilton, Dr. Lewis 376

Harris. William, A. B. 786

Harsh, Caleb 1 ig

Harsh. James W 619

I Crier. James A. H 834

Hawes, Clinton ( > 08

Hawley Dr. X 345

Hawes, Benj. A

I I awes, ( Irlando

I la/ltun. Wain S15

Healy, Ebenezer '77

Healy, Frcm .1 677

Hedges, Dr. W. B 361

Heinlen, Abram 693

Hemstead, Edwin Luthbei). . ' r 1

Hendrixson, Dr. Alex 367

Hill Murtlo S79

Hills Chauncey 510

Hills, Fred Palmer 509

Hills. James Harvey 509

I X I )EX

i 1

PAGE

Hills, Dr. James H 346

Hills, Dr. Ralph 347

Hippie, Jackson 317

1 1' idges, James B 581

Hodges, Nathaniel W 581

Hogans, George F 825

Hoskins, Alonzo Fleming... 679
Hough. Lieut. -Col. Benson

Walker 712

Hough. Benson \V 338

I [oskins, Jacob 679

I fowald, Jacob 845

Hovvald. J. F 605

Howell, Dr. D. W 349

Howland. Andrew 60s

Hughes. Dr. D. E 358

Hughes, Rev. Jos. S 524

Hughs, Joseph E 524

Hubbell, Hon. Jas. H 308

Humes. Edward 337

Humphreys, David 318

Humphreys. Morris 714

Humphreys. William M 713

Hunt. Dr. John P. 372

Hunt, Dr. Maurice P 372

Huntley. Albert 803

Ingalls, Joseph B 627

Ingalls, Pearl Parker I 27

Jackson, James B 750

Jackson. James William 505

Jackson. John S 565

Jackson, Louis B 750

Jacobs Alexander M 633

James, Anson 744

James. Dr. J. K 357-531

James, Jonathan Kelley, M.

D 531

James, Lemuel 744

James. Rev. Evan P 531

Jamison. Harry J 846

Jarvis, Henry John 82]

Jaj He n. Fred. M 324

Jew ell. Harry W 336

Jewell. Harry W., B. A 769

Jewett. James 825

Johnston. Dr. Wm 349

Jones, Carroll H 336

Jones, David 628

Jones. Edward 303

Jones, Edward D 723

Jones. Edgar 719

PAGE

Jones. Evan T 73 1

Jones, George W 628

Jones Hon. Thomas C 863

Jones, Ji ihn P 719

Jones, John P 741)

Jones. Gen. John S 313

Jones, Nicholas 689

Junes Perry J 502

Ji >nes, Philip 719

Jones, Rees T 709

Join-.. Rees W 709

Jones, Thomas 850

.lines. Thomas B 689

Jones, Thomas Give 822

Jones, Thomas S 502

Jones, Timothy Gomer 730

Jones. Dr. Titus K 375

Jones. T. K., M. D 073

Jones, William 749

Jones. Wm 673

Jom-. Wm. B 333

Ji mes, William W 569

Kauffman, Frank A 330

Kearney, Dr. Ben. F 362

Keifer. Dr. H. A 367

Kelli gg, R. H 861

Kendrick, H. E 531

Kent, Edward 626

Kent. Elijah . . . ■. 626

King. F. D 597

Kinnel. Jacob 854

Kinney, Dr. Charles E 371

Kims. Dr. H. C 305

Kirby, ( jeorge 556

Kistler, Dr. Henry 366

Kistler, Henry B., M. D. .. . 805

Kohler, Charles 737

Kroninger, Jacob 833

Kroninger, John 544

Laird, Gilbert W 774

Lamb, Dr. Reuben 344

Langworthy, Dr. James 347

Lathrop, Dr. H 348

Lea. den. John C 316

Lea. Thomas W 658

Lee, Charli s B 759

Leonard. Harry 530

Leonard. I larry 337

Lett . Joel (173

Liggett Ji ab 553

Liggett. Milton 553

PAGE

Little, Charles Otis sfiS

I ittle, Dr. John A 351

Little, William 87,

Loofbourrow, I )r. I'.. F. . . .

Lupton, Dr. L. S 371

Lybrand, Edwin G 335

Lybrand. Hon. Archibald. .

Lybrand, R. G 554

Lyon, Rev. Aan n J., D. D... 527
Lytle, James Robert, V M

Maddux, Henry C 883

McAlester, Fred A 340

McAllister. Coridon -

McCable, Robt. L

McCann, Dr. J *-,

McCarty. Dr. J. T

McCarty. I. T.. M. D 670

McClary, Silas C 345

McClure, James 521

McCurdy, John 070

McCur.lv, Wesley G

Mel), well, Dr. John

McElroy, Judge Charles H.. . i<

McElwee, Charles F.

McElwee Joseph s

McGonigal, Dr. M. A

McGonigle, Joseph ,,

McGonigle Rodney D 639

Mi Gonigle, Robt. J

Mclntyre. Dr. Win 372

McKay, Hugh Boyle S3,

McKenzie,. William W 639

MeMaster. Benjamin F. ami

Lyman P -_,-

MeMaster. Robt. (i 728

McWilliams, William H. ... --,

Main. Dr. A. E ,74

Maloney, J. p '.^ ()

Mann. Dr. Austin I) . . . . 374

Mann. Dr. H. C 349

Mann, Silas J s ; -

Marble, Nathan

Marks. H. R

Marks. Winfield Scotl
Marriott. Hon. Francis M.. . .

Marriott, J. Coleman uo

Marriott, William H. .

Marsh Lucius P

Matthews, W. B 894

Maxwell, C. H

Mercer, Dr

INDEX

PAGE

Meredith, Meredith 732

Michener, Dr. F. E 361

Miller, Albert C 524

Miller Brothers 638

Miller, Charles C 733

Miller, George F 822

Miller, George W 740

Miller, Henry 734

Miller, Hiel 529

Miller, H. H 639

Miller. Dr. J. H 373

Miller, Jacob 529

Miller, Jacob A 744

Miller, John 740

Miller, John Hiel, M. D 529

Miller. John J 730

Miller. John J 743

Miller, Martin 549

Miller. Nathan 5.-4

Miller. O. F 038

Miller. Dr. W. M 347

Mills. George P 500

Morehouse, Geo. \Y 374

Morrison. Dr. F. \Y 371

Moses, Andrew F 652

Moses, Albert Ingham 862

Mi isi s, Flavel 652

Mi ses, Salmi m 816

Mi ises, Salmon 652

Mosher, Dr. E. E 307

Moulton, Dr. Samuel 345

Mi 11 >re, Sidney 41:7

M01 ire, Samuel Andersi in. . . 701

Murray, Dr. Francis M 369

Murray. Rich 300

Myers, Christian 573

Myers, Samuel B 573

Nash, John Washington 707

Newhouse, Alex 533

Newhouse, Anthony 505

\i vsliniise. John Richey 787

Newhouse, Samuel 534

Newhouse, Thomas B 534

Newhouse, Win 565

Nye, William C 523

< )usi 3 . Ed« aril 340

Owen. Griffith C 512

Ousi y, James 340

1 >u ( 11 John P 512

1 1 ■ turf, Hon, Norman F. . . 331

1 )w< 1. Eugene S 335

PAGE

Owen, Franklin A 332

Owens. Thomas 566

Peel, Lester Gilead

Peet, Win. J 673-

Peet, William L

Perfect, Dr. Marie

Perkins, David T

Perkins, Schuyler

Berry. Albert T

Perry, 1 [enry

Berry Blatt H

Pern', Robert

Peters. Abram

Peters, Oscar A

Pickett, Dr. Charles H

Plumb, Hon. Preston B

Pollock, E. I

Poppleti m. I km. Early F

I'- ppleton, Hon. Early Frank-

lyn

Porterfield, Judge E. Lee....

Porter. William Ross

Potter, Christopher

Potter, Dr. Lyman

I '1 'iter, Francis

Potter, Geo. F

Potter, Israel

Potter, Nicholas

Potter, Stephen

I '1 ii ier Stephen

Bulls William

Pounds, Dr. A. J

Powell. ( Jen Eugene

Powell, John

Pi iwell, I Ion. Thomas E. . . .

Powell, Hun Thos. W

Powell, Hun. Thomas W....

I '"\\ell, Robert

Powers, Benjamin

Bi wers, George W

Powers, Robt. B

B h its. Dr. Royal X

Price. John H

Price. John R

Price, Rees

Prouty, Byron

I'ngb. John E

Bui ford. Dr. W. Henry

(.78
7.3I
73 1
360
687
687
662
662
662
6S3

753
.147
823
680
3'5

870
339
76.1
570
36S

571

572

753

570
543
5/1
555
362
S04
574
789
300
794
574
618
60S
698
346
702
704
704
82S

^7
35o

Quitman, I [on. John A 301

Ranney. Isaac 307

PAGE

Ransburge, Dr. C. C 347

Ray. Dr. Kingsley 347

Reid. M. Clason 301

Reid, Sherman 501

Reid, Col. Wm. P 309

Reid. Hon. Wm. P 501

Richey, F. H 722

Richey, Isaac N 320

Richey James 320

Richey, James M 320

Richey, James M 722

Rittenhouse, Hamilton W.... 690

Rittenhouse, Henry 691

Rittenhouse, Henry G 332

Rittenhouse. Joseph H 332

Rittenhouse, Samuel 332

Robinson Bros Soo

Robinson, Harry W 806

Robinson, Dr. J 365

Robinson. Sherwin S 806

Rodefer, Albert P 740

Rodefer, Silas 749

Rogers, Henry M 741

Rogers, Dr. Ivadale 360

Rogers, Jeremiah 742

Rogers, Samuel 741

Ropp, Dr. W. T 358

Rosenthal. Jacob G 71 r

Bus,, Dr. D. R 368

Rosette, Judge Egan 307

Rutherford, Archibald H 734

Salmon, James Standley 760

Sampsell, Dr. N. S 369

Schaaf, Peter J 304

Schaaf. Peter J.. Sr 504

Schaffner, Jacob M 372

Schaffner, John 372

Scheble, Dr. Miranda 31^

Scott, Tilden Seymour 738

Sedgwick, Kimball 733

Seeds, Thomas Mercer 781

Seese, George Henry 653

Selover, James R 331]

Semans, Dr. Edw. M 330

Semans. Dr. Wm. M 330

Shaffer, Rev. John Franklin. 3S4

Shaffer. John S 584

Sharp. Clinton E S78

Sharp. I [enry F. 824

Sheldon. Henry G 331

Shivclv. Charles M 814

Shoemaker, \1l.1m S 7X0

INDEX

r IG1

Shoup, James '1" 332

Shuey, Dr. A 375

Slmr. Samuel P 827

Shuster, Geo 703

Sinister, George Albert 703

Sii gfried, Adam 560

Siegfried, Jacob 561

Siegfried, Win 561

Silverwood, Horace A 742

Simm~, Dr. \V. M. T 367

Simpson. 1 >r. L. P. 371

Skeels, Dr. Daniel 349

Slack. Dr. Gen 36]

Slack. Wellington 739

Smart. Joseph Williams 835

Smith. Franklin Elliott 661

Smith, Dr. Geo. M 347

Smith. Dr. Helen K 359

Smith. Hon. Henry R 629

Smith. Dr. Robt. B 371

Smith. Rodney 691

Smith, Hon. Thomas R 691

Snodgrass. Dr. J. M 368

Spalding, Dr. Noah 345

Spencer, Dr. Charles H 371

Sperry. Charles F 660

Staley, Charles H 770

Stanbery, Charles 586

Stanbery, Jonas 586

Stark, Cepter 757

Stanbery, Charles 853

Stan-berry, John Rathhone. . . 586

Stayman, George F 700

Stayman, V. D 700

Ste'dman, Charles Curtiss.... 654

Steyle, Rev. Philip 821

Stickney, Dr. Frank A 368

Stickney, Frank Albert, M. D. 814

Stone. Timothy C 853

Stokes, George 633

Sycks, J. M 711

I alley, Charles Francis, M. 1). 617

Talley. Dr. Charles F 374

Talley, Nelson E 017

Taylor, Dr. V P 366

Taylor, Dr. Alonzo W 366

I h mas, James 684

Thonia-. lames R 6S4

PAGE

Turner. Charles I" 513

Turner, Ephraim 513

(Jchtritz, Baron Edgar von.. 697
Uchtritz, Baroness Viola

Lytic von 698

Ulrey, Asa 816

l"liv_\. Charles M 503

Union Handle and Manufac-
turing Company. The.... 734
L'tley. Dr. John 366

Van Deman, Rev. Henry.... 540

Van Deman. Hon. Jchn D... 340

Van Deman, Dr. Joseph H.. 352

Van Kirk, Dr. Charles C... 366

Why. Ji ihn 851

Vergon, Frederick P 519

Vergon, John G 70N

Wa Id ron. DeLacy 770

Wallace. John 024

Wallace, John C X44

Wallace, Robert 624

Warren, John H 773

Wasson, W. McC 714

W'atkins. Charles R 527

Watkins, Edward 52}

Watkins, John W 777

Watson, Hon. Cooper K 303

\\ .:iis Dr. Win 365

\\ iant, Thomas N72

Welch. Dr. Calvin 372

Welch, Dr. Ella D 365

Welch. Rev. Herbert. A. M.,

D. D„ LL. D 345

VV. Her, Dr. G. B 370

Weller, Victor P... M, D. .. . 832

Westbrook, Dr. Albert Ernest 613

W( -tin 1 10k, Solomon 613

Wherry. John 638

Whipple, Edward 740

Whipple, Frank F 664

Whipple, James Clark 859

Whipple. Lewis 740

Whipple, Ni ah 664

Whitacre, Dr. F. R 375

White. Arthur J 335

White, ( ieo 747

White. I >r I torace 360

PAGE

White. Hi- J. H 353

White. Zenas Leonard 747

Wickliam. Asa

Wickham, Emmett M 333

Wickliam, Hon. Emmett Mel

ville (.4.)

Wickham, Kitridge II 651

Wigton, Elmer A 643

W igti 11 S3 1-. ester 04.}

Wigton, Thomas 045

Wiles, Capt. Clifton W 619

Willey, Dr. Arthur J 374

Willey, Dr. Perry W [67

Willey. Perry W., M. 1). . . S05

Willianr.s. Edson R 339

Williams, Hon. Hosea 852

Williams, Dr. T. B 350

Williams. Dr. Tlios J 366

Williams, Victor Arnold 626

Williams, William 020

Williams. William W 599

Willis 1),-. P. A 349

Wilsi 11. Austin B S40

Wilson, Dr. Eugene 375

Wilt. J. F 720

Wintermute, A. P ' 682

Wintermute, Dr. J. C 167

Wintermute. J. Perry 500

Wintermute, Dr. Robert C. . 369

Winston. Thomas J 313

Wise. Dr. L 367

Wolfley, 1 ieorge T 1^2

Wolllcy. Leo 683

Woodworth, Dr. John B 357

W Iworth, Dr. William H. 357

Wornstaff. Chesley 553

Wi rnstaff, Lewis 55.1'?-

Wornstaff, Lloyd K 514

Wornstaff. Sperry 732

Wright, David 707

Wright. Hiram 707

Wylie, Abraham P 648

Wylie, J. K 648

Yates Henry 1) 731

young, I leiiry Clay 891

rick 738

fler, William 738

Wlustvations

Churi hes.

Asbury M. E. Church 364

Baptist Church, Ostrander 812

Baptist Church, Radnor 320

Baptist Church, Sunbury 464

First Presbyterian Church, Delaware 268

Methodist Episcopal Church, Ashley 364

Methodist Episcopal Church, Sunbury 364

Old Stone Presbyterian Church, Scioto Town-
ship 812

Presbyterian Church, Ostrandcr 812

Presbyterian Church. Radnor 320

St. Mary's Catholic Church and Parochial

Residence 364

St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Delaware 268

St. Paul's M. E. Church. Delaware 26S

William S'reel M. E. Church. Delaware 268

Crystal Spring Farm 68

Delaware Children's Home 168

Delaware City Hall 112

I (elaware City Library 168

Delaware County Court House 112

Delaware County Infirmary 168

Delaware County Infirmary — Insane Ward 168

Delaware County Jail It2

Girls' Industrial Home.

Administrate n Building 176

Assembly Hall 176

Central School Building 176

G utage No. 8 176

Honor Cottage 176

Hume for Aged People, Delaware 168

Jane M. Case Memorial Hospital, Delaware 168

Knights of Pythias Hall. Sunbury 464

Masonic Temple. Ashley 158

Moore's Masonic Temple, Delaware 112

Ohio Wesleyan University

Art Hall 230

Charles Elliott Slocum Library 230

I iott Hall 230

Gray Chapel and University I hill -'00

John Edwards Gymnasium 230

Monnett Hall 230

Perkins Observatory 200

S, urges Hall 230

Old Barnes Homestead. Delaware 158

PACE

President Hayes' Birthplace. Delaware 112

Public Square Looking North. Sunbury 464

Residences.

Residence of Allison E. Goodrich. Liberty

Township 68

Residence of Clay W. Barton, Berkshire Town-
ship 792

Residence of F. P. Hills, Delaware 320

Resilience of V. T. Hills. Delaware 15S

Residence of Mi's. Silas J. Mann, Harlem

Township 68

Residence of Dr. Herbert Welch, Pres. 0.

W. U 200

Residence and Barn of Hiram Wright, Scioto

Township 706

Sandusky Street Looking South, Delaware 112

Si H00LS.

High School, Ashley 158

High School, Delaware 200

Public School, Ostrander 812

Public School, Radnor 320

Public School, Sunbury 464

West School Building, Delaware 200

Sunbury Co-operative Creamery 464

Three Dollar Bill Issued by Bank of Delaware,

1818 '5 X

Town Hall, Sunbury 4''l

V. M. C. A. Building, Delaware 364

Portraits.

Atherton Lee 7'6

Baxter, George W 866

P,evan, David 666

Bevan, Mrs. Eliza D 666

Bush, Mr. and Mrs. David 848

Cole. Capt. Elias 838

Conklin, Ashton Stover 686

Courtwright, Fleetwood —

Crawford. Col. James M 590

Crawford. Mrs. Sarah H 59'

Crist, Rev. A. C " ;S

Curren, Capt. J. F "84

Dunlap, Mr. and Mrs. Calvin and Family.... 830

F.ulcnhurg. Count Botho 656

Eulenburg Countess Nelly (Lytic) 656

Fowler. Silas W„ M. D 538

Gardner, Mr. anil Mrs. Seth 776

[NDEX

PACK

. Varon S 873

G Irich, Mrs Sarah H 874

Mr. and Mrs. Wain and Daughter... 814

. Erem J 676

Hills, Fred Palmer 506

. Chauncey 507

Hodge-. James B . 578

a -. Mrs. Mary II 579

Huntley, Albert .802

J nes, Mr. and Mrs. William W. and Family. . 568

K< hler, Charles 736

Lyon, Rev. Aaron J.. D. D 526

Lytic. James Robert, A. M Frontispiece

Lytle. Mrs. Cornelia Chase Frontispiece

. James William 602

, Henry C 882

1, Silas J S56

1 IG1

Mann. Mrs. Julia S 856

Miller, Martin 548

Moore, Sidnej o

• McMaster, Benjamin F 726

McMaster, Lyman P 726

Nash, John Washington 7(1(1

Stark, Cepter 75(1

Steyle, Rev. Philip 820

Stokes, George 632

Uchtritz, Baron Edgar von 606

Uchtritz, Baroness Viola (Lytle) von 696

Vergon, Frederick P 518

Westbrook, Dr. Albert Ernest 612

White, Zenas L 74 n

Wigton, Elmer A (142

young, Henry Clay 888

Young, Mrs. Emma H 889

Ristory of Delaware County

CHAPTER. I.

GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

Bed Rock Geology — The Ice Age — Water Supply — Soils — Surface Features — Timber —
Agricultural Products — Mineral Springs.

GEOLOGY OF DELAWARE COUNTY.

Geology is the history of the earth as that
history is read from the rocky structure and
surface configuration of the earth itself. To-
day we find changes constantly taking place
over the land about us. Every shower and
every freshet leaves the surface changed and
sweeps toward the sea land waste. The min-
eral content of such springs as the Odevene
shows that material is being removed from
below the surface, that changes are going on
there, though concealed from our direct in-
spection. The study of geology teaches us
that we live on a constantly changing earth,
that in a very real sense this earth is not dead
but living. We should be prepared to expect
that a study of the geology of Delaware Coun-
ty would show us that past conditions here
were very different from those today — indeed
that several different kinds of conditions have
held at successive epochs of the long period of
our county's history, geologically considered.

BED ROCK GEOLOGY.

The oldest rocks of the county are the beds
of limestone, shale and sandstone which make
what we may call the bedrock, the solid rock,
as contrasted with the unconsolidated surface
deposits of clay, sand and gravel which over-
lie and conceal them. They run in north and
south belts across the county. West of the
Olentangy River the surface rock i> practically
all limestone; between the Olentangy and
Walnut Creek it is black slate; on Big Wal-
nut the Berea sandstone outcrops, and this
formation or an overlying formation of sandy
shales forms the surface east to the county
border. These rock formations are not hori-
zontal but drop or dip to the east at the rate
of twenty feet to the mile, so that the lime-
stones which are at the surface on the western
boundary of the county are some 800 feet be-
low the surface on its eastern boundary. The
succession of rocks which one would pass
through in going down below the surface on

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

the eastern border of the county would be as
follows :

Formation Rock Thickness in feet

Cuyahoga Sandy Shales —

Sunbury Black Shale 10

Berea Sandstone 30

Bedford Red and Gray Shale 75

Huron Black Shale 275 to 300

Olentangy Blue Clay 30

Delaware Blue Limestone 30

Columbus Gray Limestone 80

Monroe Magnesian Limestone ... —

Several of these formations are of econ-
omic importance. The Columbus limestone,
on the Scioto, and near Radnor, is burned for
lime. The Delaware limestone on the Olen-
tangy and especially at Delaware is used for
road-metal and for building. The Olentangy
clay at Delaware is used as one of the mate-
rials in the manufacture of tile. The Berea
sandstone is the extension into central Ohio of
the great sandstone formation of Berea and
Amherst, and was formerly quarried at Sun-
bur}-.

These bedrock formations point to geo-
graphic conditions very different from those
existing today. The rocks are all old sea-bot-
tom deposits, the lime muds, muds and sands
of an interior sea. Their composition shows
this. The Berea sandstone layers are marked
li\ the ripple marks made by the currents of
the shallow sea of that time. The limestones
consist in large part of the fragments and
sometimes whole shells and skeletons of the
animals then living. What the exact limits of
that sea were no one knows. It extended be-
yond the present Ohio basin in all directions,
to an extensive land mass in eastern and cen-
tral Canada and to a land mass which we de-
nominate Appalachia, stretching along the At-
lantic coast east of the present Blue Ridge.
For uncounted centuries sands and muds were
swept into this inland sea and organic deposits
("first limestone and later coal) accumulated,
until forces which had been long gathering
head 'were able to make themselves felt, and
the area between the Ohio and the Atlantic,
crowded together as in an immense vise, was

pushed up above sea level and in part thrown
into great folds. The strongly folded area
was in central and eastern Pennsylvania; the
Ohio region was raised above sea level but was
subjected to only slight folding. This period
of uplift was the Appalachian Revolution; it
closed the earliest and longest of the geologic
periods, the Paleozoic period. In Ohio it
marked the passage from water conditions and
rock deposit to land conditions and land sculp-
ture by atmospheric agencies and streams.

The land conditions thus inaugurated have
lasted on until the present. Little is known
definitely of the conditions in central Ohio
during this long period. It is a fundamental
teaching of geology that streams will cut their
beds to near sea level, and that then the inter-
stream areas will be lowered by valley-side
wash until the whole land area is not far above
sea level — a lowland plain produced by ero-
sion. It is another fundamental teaching of
geology that broad areas are slowly uplifted
through the action of internal forces; and in
this case a lowland plain formed by erosion
might by uplift be again exposed to erosion,
might ultimately be reduced a second time to a
lowland plain. It is likely that this process of
uplift and subsequent reduction of the land
surface to a lowland plain has been several
times repeated in central Ohio. A large part
of the surface of central Ohio today stands be-
tween 900 and 1,000 feet above sea level. It
was probably formed by stream action and near
sea level. Since its formation it has been raised
to its present altitude. In southern Ohio it has
been dissected by streams since its uplift so
that the Ohio River region is a hilly country.
In central Ohio this plain does not seem to
have been cut up to the same degree and what
inequalities it did possess have been largely
concealed beneath a mantle of glacial drift.

1 HE ICE AGE.

This long period of normal land conditions
was closed by the Great Ice Age and the de-
velopment of the Canadian ice sheet. There
were two centers of accumulation, one east and
one west of Hudson's Bav. These two ice

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

fields grew and merged into one which ex-
tended north to the Arctic, west in British
Columbia nearly if not quite to the foot of the
Rockies, east to the Atlantic and south to the
line of the Ohio and Missouri Rivers. At the
time of its maximum extent its margin crossed
the Pennsylvania-Ohio boundary in central
Columbiana County, extended west to Mans-
field, then south to Lancaster, and from there
southwest through Chillicothe to the Ohio in
Brown County, the ice sheet thus covering
about two-thirds of the State.

The Ice Age is sometimes spoken of as if
it were the time of the formation, development
and disappearance of a single continental gla-
cier. In reality it was much longer and much
more complex than this. Several times did the
ice sheet form, advance south from its Cana-
dian home, retreat and then readvance. How
long- the whole story was, no one knows, but
reasonable estimates make it several hundred
thousand years.

As the ice sheet moved south into Ohio it
found a surface deeply covered with residual
soil formed from the age-long decay of the
underlying rock. The ice pushed this before
it or dragged it under it ; it pushed away the
more or less rotted rock which lay between the
soil and the sound rock, and it slowly ground
away the upper portion of the sound rock, for
wherever we find the bed rock under the later
glacial deposits it is today sound and un-
weathered. The upper surface of the bed rock
was polished and scratched. The polishing
was done by the finer material, the clay, which
was dragged along between the ice and the bed
rock. Coarse particles and corners of rock
made the scratches characteristic of such sur-
faces, and from the study of which the direc-
tion of ice motion can be known. These gla-
ciated surfaces are often well shown on the
limestone and sandstone, but are poorly pre-
served on the shale surfaces. They show well
about the limestone quarries near Radnor.

The ice during its advance was thus erod-
ing. During its retreat it was depositing the
bowlder clay or till, which now lies on the bed
rock. As its name implies, the bowlder clay
consists of two parts, a brownish yellow, oc-

casionally blue, clay in which are scattered
bowlders of different kinds of rock up to sev-
eral feet in diameter. The clay is in part com-
prised of the "rock flour" made by the glacier
as it ground away the underlying rock surface
or rubbed together the rocks which it was car-
rying beneath it. With this rock flour was
mixed the soil which the glacier found over
the surface when it invaded the region. The
bowlders were torn by the glacier from the sur-
face over which it came. In all except the
eastern part of the county a large percentage
of these bowlders is limestone ; they agree then
with the bed rock of the county and need not
have been carried far by the ice. In the eastern
part of the county where the bed rock is sand-
stone the bowlders are in large part sandstone.
A considerable portion of the bowlders are
crystalline rock, granite and other rocks and
belong to types not found in the county or even
in the State ; those have been brought from
north of the Great Lakes, from the gathering
ground of the continental ice sheet.

The whole surface of the county is covered
by this mantle of glacial drift, a covering vary-
ing in thickness up to a hundred feet and aver-
aging from twenty-five to forty feet. At the
time of ice occupancy this was spread out to
make a nearly level plain, concealing inequali-
ties in the rock surface much as the mason's
trowel spreads over a rough brick or stone
surface a coat of mortar to give an even sur-
face. When the ice retreated from the region
this glacial plain probably extended continu-
ously across the county. Since that time the
larger streams have cut their valleys below this
surface to a maximum depth of fifty to seven-
ty-five feet, but that surface still is largely un-
touched back from the rivers, and makes the
present upland surface and the most conspicu-
ous feature in the scenery of the county.

The general drift surface back from the
streams is level or gently rolling. There are,
however, two belts of more rolling character,
some two to three miles across, which run from
northeast to southwest across the county.
These tracts are seen only back from the stream
lines; they may rise to a height of fifty feet
above the upland south of them and they have

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

a steeper slope to the south than to the north.
These belts of higher country are belts of ex-
cessively thick drift deposits, and mark po-
sitions where the front of the melting glacier
stopped in its gradual retreat north across the
State. They are the moraines of recession of
the ice sheet. One, the Powell moraine, ex-
tends from Jerome, through Powell, south of
Orange and then runs northeast to Big Wal-
nut at Galena. From Galena its front follows
the west side of the Big Walnut to beyond
the county line. This is the better developed
of the two moraines and all the railways be-
tween Columbus and Delaware have cuts
where they pass from the plain north into the
moraine. The other moraine is well shown
about Ostrander, makes the high country east
of the Scioto due west from Delaware, but is
less conspicuous near the Olentangy. It again
shows clearly east of the Olentangy some four
miles northeast of Delaware and thence con-
tinues northeast through Ashley to Ah unit Ver-
non, where it unites with the Powell mo-
raine.

It is interesting to consider what was hap-
pening when the stop was made by which the
moraine through Ostrander was made. The
northwestern part of the county was covered
with ice, reaching southeast to within two
miles of Delaware. The remainder of the
county, but recently abandoned by the ice, was
covered with glacial deposits, probably but
poorly concealed with vegetation. The melt-
ing of the ice produced large streams flowing
away from the ice front. It was these streams
which laid down the coarse gravels which are
now found in the upper bottoms but which
at that time made a level floor, twenty t<> thirty
feet above the present stream beds. These grav-
els were laid down along the Scioto and Olen-
tangy Rivers and Delaware Run.

A considerable part of the drainage re-
sulting from the melting of the ice surface
found its way through cracks in the ice to
tlic bottom <>f the ice sheet and then followed
a subglacial course to the ice margin. Along
such courses beneath the ice gravel deposits
were laid down and these, when the ice re-
treated to the north, were left as more or less

continuous sand ridges (eskers) rising above
the general level. This is the origin of the
series of ridges which are found in the tri-
angle between the Scioto River and Hocking
Valley Railroad, for six miles south of Pros-
pect. When such streams ended their sub-
glacial course at the ice margin they deposited
nn ire or less sand and gravel among the
knolls of the moraine itself. The most con-
spicuous area of such origin lies south and a
little east of Radnor.

WATER SUPPLY.

The water supply of the county is chiefly
from wells, the supply of the city of Delaware
being drawn from a gravel well and from rock
wells sunk in the bottoms of the Olentangy
some three miles above the city.

The geology of the wells is simple. On
the uplands all wells commence in the gla-
cial clay. If after reaching the ground water,
a vein of sand is reached in digging the well,
either above or at the surface of the bed rock,
water may be obtained: if not, the well must
be carried down into the bed rock until a
supply is reached. The clay will not furnish
water, for while it may stand below the sur-
face of the ground water, its texture is so close
that water will not flow fast enough from it
into the well to make an adequate supply. In
the bottoms the problem of obtaining water is
simpler. The ground is so low that water is
everywhere near the surface while the open
texture of the sands and gravel gives a good
well as soon as ground water is reached. It
is only where an excessive amount of water is
needed, as in the case of the supply for the city
of Delaware, that the gravel wells are inade-
quate and that it is necessary to eke out this
supply by other means, in this case wells to the
rock.

The most important matter connected with
the water supply of a family or city is its
purity. There is a great underground sheet
of water filling the openings between the rock
and soil particles. This is the ground water.
The surface of this ground water rises in times
of rain and sinks in times of drought and

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

comes to the light only where it makes the sur-
face of ponds and permanent streams. This
under-ground supply comes, of course, from the
rainfall. All the rainfall which does not join the
immediate run-off soaks through the loose up-
per rock until it reaches the surface of the
ground water. In so doing it runs danger of
infection. The rainfall is itself nearly pure. On
and immediately below the surface it gathers
more or less impurity, either organic or inor-
ganic. Such impurities may not be harmful;
generally they are not, but at the same time
that the chance is offered for the water to
take up these harmless impurities, the water
has the opportunity to take up disease germs,
especially those of typhoid fever. Fortunately,
the water which is thus always impure and
occasionally infected is usually naturally puri-
fied. It is known that the upper layers of the
soil are inhabited by countless bacteria and
these microscopic forms of plant life feed on
the organic matter which is in the soil work-
ing its way from the surface to the ground
water. By this agency, this organic matter is
destroyed, is reduced to simpler and harmless
forms and any disease germs which may have
been in the water are either destroyed or else
die from lack of food or from other unfavor-
able external conditions. As wells draw their
supply from the underground water which is
normally thus "filtered," or better "disin-
fected" in passing below the surface, they are
usually pure. They may, however, become
contaminated in two ways. If they are im-
properly made, water from the surface may get
into the well either at the top or through the
sides. Or if wells are sunk in the neighbor-
hood of cess-pools, they are liable to infection.
In that case infected matter may work directly
along a buried sand vein from cess-pool to
well, and the well become a source of disease.
In such cases the natural disinfection by the
soil bacteria is impossible, while mere filtra-
tion through sand, apart from the action of
organisms, does not purify. By dilution with
the ground water and by unfavorable environ-
ment the disease germs may have their strength
impaired, but it remains true that wells in
the neighborhood of cess-pools are unsafe.

A large part of the rainfall never gets be-
low the surface. It makes the wet weather
run-off and goes at once to the streams. In
dry weather the stream flow is maintained by
the ground water contributions. In so far as
river water is made of run-off it is liable to in-
fection. Surface water is not suitable for
drinking purposes. Exceptionally it may be,
in the case of small streams whose whole drain-
age area is known to be free from sources of
contamination. But in the case of a stream of
any size, no individual can know that the drain-
age basin above a certain point is free from
sources of infection. The Olentangy River
has been condemned as a source of water sup-
ply at Delaware because in time of low water
it is exposed to contamination from the sew-
age of Galion and from private sources, while
in time of the spring freshets it is probably
quite as dangerous by reason of the washing
which the rains give the frozen land sur-
face, sweeping to the streams the winter's
wastes, which may be easily infected by reason
of cases of disease.

One of the most interesting things con-
nected with the water supply of the county is
its sulphur springs. These are so named from
the hydrogen sulphide contained in the water
and which gives it its characteristic odor.
Quite as interesting as this gaseous constitu-
ent, is the mineral content of the water. An-
alysis shows that the water of the Odevene
spring* in Delaware contains 361 grains of
mineral matter per gallon and nearly one-half
of this is common salt. The water of these
springs is really salt water. The composition
of the impurities carried suggests that the wa-
ter has followed a long and deep underground
course, reaching levels much lower than those
touched by the water of ordinary springs. In

•InlsWTruman Thomasof Sunbury hired a man to dig a well.
This well, which resulted in the Odevene spring, was drilled for - -
or oil. The man got down about twenty-four feet, when he was over-
come by gas and had to be nulled out. Thinking it was damp, a light-
ed candle was sent down in a bucket, but it had not descended more
than six feet when it ignited, sending a column of flame up for forty
feet with an explosion like a ten-pound cannon. The well b
about forty-eight hours with a flame about two feet high, when wa-
ter seeped in and put it out-
There is a gas well on the farm formerly owned by 0. 11. Hough.
inside of Sunbury corporation limits, that is about 2400 feet deep. but
which is now plugged. It is supposed by oil and gas men that this
i territory is on the outskirts of the gas and oil belt.— [Ed

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

this course it derives its chlorides from the
limestones which, being old sea bottom de-
posits, probably still contain a part of the salt
water with which they were saturated at the
time of their formation ; while the hydrogen
sulphide was derived from the decomposition
of organic matter buried in the limestones and
subject to slow decay.

SOILS.

The soils of the county are derived from
the mantle rock, either glacial till or stream-
laid gravels. As this difference between gla-
cial till and stream-laid gravels corresponds in
general to the difference between uplands and
bottom lands, we may speak of upland soils
and bottom land soils. As the valley sides
which run from the upland to the back edge
of the lowland are underlaid by glacial till,
their soils belong with the upland soils.

Upland Soils. — Almost everywhere under
the upland is found the brownish yellow gla-
cial bowlder-clay. The scattered bowlders
are ordinarily inconspicuous in the soil layer.
As a result of a number of mechanical and
chemical processes the upper foot or so of this
clay has been changed to soil, to a layer ca-
pable of supporting plant life. Two kinds of
upland soils have been distinguished by the
United States Bureau of Soils in its survey
of the southern part of the county — the Miami
Clay Loam and the Miami Black Clay Loam.

The Miami Clay Loam is the common
soil of the county, making up nine-tenths of
its surface. This soil is light yellowish brown
at the surface, passing below into a compact
brownish yellow silty clay sub-soil. The
clayey character of the soil is due to its deri-
vation from the glacial bowlder clay. Its
silty character is due to the fact that that
clay is made up of finely ground rock which is
not properly speaking clay and which gives a
different feel to the glacial clay when it is
moistened and rubbed between the fingers,
from the feel of true clay. The Miami Clay
Loam is uniform over wide areas. It is es-
sentially a grain and hay soil and is well
adapted to general farming purposes. Back
from the streams where the surface is level

or only gently rolling the natural drainage is
defective and ditching and tile draining is
necessary.

Two varieties of the upland clay loam are
to be distinguished. The first is the some-
what poorer soil which underlies the valley
sides. These areas are better drained and
drier than the uplands and hence the soils con-
tain less humus. They are exposed to rain
wash and so lose much of their finer and richer
portions. For both reasons they are poorer
and the yield is from ten to thirty per cent,
less than on the uplands. The second variety
i if upland soil js the Miami Black Clay Loam,
found in the depressions of the upland surface,
either at the heads of shallow streams or in
low basins without outlet. Here the surface
has been moister, vegetation ranker and hence
a larger portion of vegetable matter has be-
come incorporated with the soil. The mineral
content of the soil is not unlike the common
upland soil.

Bottom Land Soils. — The streams which
flowed away from the ice front as it retreated
north across the county were heavily loaded
with gravel and sand which they laid down
in the valleys. Since that time the rivers have
been cutting into these gravels and into the
underlying rock, so that flood stages of the
present rivers cover a part of the bottom de-
posits but not all. The higher portions are
covered with a soil called by the Bureau of
Soils the Miami Gravelly Loam. It is open,
usually contains considerable rock fragments,
and is, on account of its position, nearly al-
ways adequately drained. It is admirably
adapted for corn, when the drainage is not
too free and the soil in consequence droughty.

Another type of soil covers the lower parts
of the bottoms which are now subject to over-
flow. Here the annual additions of clay by
the flooded streams and the abundant growth
of vegetation have combined to produce a
dark soil more clayey than any other of the
region, the Miami Loam. It covers the flat
first bottoms and makes an excellent soil,
though subject to the danger of floods.
Lewis G. Westgate.

Professor of Geology in Ohio Wesleyan
University.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

TOPOGRAPHY.

Delaware County is located near the geo-
graphical center of Ohio, and is hounded on
the north by Marion and Morrow Counties ;
on the east, by Licking and Knox ; on the
south, by Franklin, and on the west, by Union
County. It comprises 283,289 acres, of which,
according to the 1907 agricultural statistics,
2 37>966 acres are farm lands, divided as fol-
lows : Cultivated, 72,903 acres; pasture, 142,-
205 acres; woodland, 21,168 acres; lying
waste, 1,690 acres. The principal rivers are
the Scioto and Olentangy, which flow nearly
parallel across the county from north to south.
The former, which is the larger stream, enters
the county between Thompson and Radnor
Townships and forms their boundary-line ;
thence it crosses Scfoto Township in a south-
easterly direction, leaving the county as a part
of the boundary line between Concord and
Liberty townships. The Olentangy enters the
county about midway of the northern bound-
ary of Marlborough township, and courses in
a southerly direction through the tier of town-
ships south of Marlborough. These streams
with their many tributaries give the county an
excellent drainage system. Since the forests
which held back the water have been cut off,
the Scioto and Olentangy Rivers suddenly in-
crease to great volume after long and heavy
rains, or when the snow melts rapidly in the
warm days of spring. The water-power fur-
nished by these streams is described in the
chapter on manufactures.

SURFACE FEATURES.

The eastern portion of the county is rolling,
particularly in the sandstone districts. The
whole limestone district, which embraces all
that part of the county west of the Olentangy
River, except that underlaid by the water-
lime, is moderately undulating, the surface be-
ing worn by erosion into shallow depressions,
which, near their junction with larger streams,
become ravines bounded bv steep bluffs. The
district of the waterlime is flat, especially in
the townships of Radnor, Thompson and Scioto.

The deeply eroded valleys of the Scioto and
Olentangy constitute the most marked topo
graphical features of the county. In the south-
ern part of the county, these valleys are deeply
cut in the underlying rock. The divide be-
tween them, at a point west of Powell, is 125
feet above the Scioto. The descent ot the
Olentangy is usually very gentle, occupying
sometimes a space of a mile or more on either
side; while the valley of the Scioto is narrower,
and its banks more frequently rocky and pre-
cipitous. In the northwestern part of the
county, the valley of the Scioto is strikingly
different from the southern part ; the bluffs are
never rocky, and the general level of the coun-
try is little above the level of the water in
the river. The following table of altitudes,
which was prepared by the Big Four railroad,
is interesting :

Ft. Above Ft. Above

Lake Erie Ocean

Morrow County Line 405 970

Ashley 412 977

Eden 405 970

Delaware 378 943

Berlin 381 946

Lewis Center 387 952

The soil generally is dependent on the na-
ture of the northern drift. In this the various
essentials (State geological survey), such as
iron, lime, phosphorous, silica, magnesia, alu-
mina and soda, are so thoroughly mixed and
in such favorable proportions that the strength
and fertility of the soil are very great. Its
depth has the same limit as the drift itself,
which is, on an average, about twenty-five feet.
The soil is more gravelly and stony in the roll-
ing tracts. The stones come partly from the
underlying rock, but mainly from the drift.
They are common along the valleys of all
streams and creeks and in shallow ravines.
The northwestern part of the county has a
heavy, clayey soil, with some exceptions. This
clayey flat land is comparatively free from su-
perficial bowlders. Very little gravel can be
found, except in the line of gravel knolls that
passes northwestwardly through Radnor
Township. The valleys of the streams, how-

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

ever, show a great many northern bowlders,
as in other parts of the county. Besides these
general characteristics of the soil, a great many
modifications due to local causes will be seen
in passing over the county. There are some
marshy accumulations which, when duly
drained, are found to possess a soil of remark-
able ammoniacal qualities, due to decaying
vegetation. The alluvial river margins possess
a characteristic soil, strongly contrasting with
the general clayey lands of the county ; they are
lighter and warmer, while they are usually re-
newed, like the countries of Lower Egypt, by
the muddy waters of spring freshets, and are
hence of exhaustless fertility. One of the chief
obstacles which the pioneetr farmer had to
overcome was the immense quantities of sur-
face-water which covered a large part of the
arable lands of the county. At first, open
drains were dug, but in the black lands these
filled up rapidly, and to avoid this, drains, in
si >me parts of the county, ten to twenty feet
wide were plowed. Later, in some of the best
flat lands, oak planks were set up at the sides
of the ditches, and the tops covered over with
staves of the same material, placed just low
enough not to interfere with the plowing.
This method drained off the surface-water,
and at the same time permitted the cultivation
of crops. By this method some of the white-
elm swamp lands were made to produce corn
as well as the best bottoms. Drains were also
constructed of poles and broken stnne. As
soon as the method of underdraining by means
of tile was demonstrated to be a success, tile
factories sprang up all over the county, and
thousands of acres have been reclaimed to
bring forth bountiful crops, and the work of
tiling is still going on, year after year.

TIMBER.

The entire county was originally wooded,
and in certain localities the timber was heavy.
The prevailing varieties are those common to
this part of the State, and consist of many
of the different kinds of oak, hickory, black
and white walnut, ash, birch, sugar and other
kinds of maple, and many other species. Many

of the more common shrubs, such as hazel,
willow, sumac, etc., are also to be found in
profusion. The work of clearing the land of
its timber has been going steadily on since the
arrival of the first pioneer. In those days it
was necessary to clear land in order to raise
the necessary crops, and the value today of
the timber that the early settlers were com-
pelled to destroy would in many instances be
more than the present value of the land. It
is to be deplored, however, that while the work
of cutting off the timber still continues, little,
if any. effort is being made by the farmers of
Delaware County to replace the forests. The
shortsightedness of this policy from an eco-
nomic point of view receives so much atten-
tion in the many agricultural journals, one or
more of which nearly every farmer reads, to
say nothing of the valuable pamphlets on this
subject distributed freely by the federal gov-
ernment, that it is unnecessary for us to dwell
at length upon it in -these pages, much as we
would like to do so.

FRUIT CULTURE.

Wild grapes and plums were found here
in abundance by those who left the comforts
of civilization to make their homes in this
wilderness, and for some time, these with ma-
ple syrup and sugar sufficed as dessert. It
was not long after the first settlers arrived here
before small apple orchards were set out in
different parts of the county; but it is impos-
sible at this late day to sav when, where or
by whom this was done.

For many years Delaware County has been
kept before the eyes of the horticulturalists
of the country; latterly, through Mr. F. P.
Vergon, one of our oldest citizens, who is
recognized as one of the great orchardists of
the country and the "Father of the Grass
Mulch System," which is explained in these
pages. In an earlier day. Delaware County
was advertised far and wide as the home of
the Delaware grape, the finest of all American
grapes. Yet. notwithstanding this promi-
nence, fruit-growing has never reached large
proportions as an industry here, and this, no

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

-5

doubt, is due. largely, to climatic conditions.
The variableness of temperature, especially in
the winter season, when the thermometer fre-
quently drops from a point above freezing to
one registering the extremes of cold, the early
frosts in the fall and the late frosts in spring,
give this county a climate which can hardly
be called ideal for fruit-raising. It has been
demonstrated, however, that with proper care
and attention, hardy fruits can be grown here
with profit. Probably every farmer in the
county grows some fruit for his personal use,
and in these family orchards will be found
apples, pears, plums, peaches and cherries ;
small fruits are also grown to some extent,
with a constantly increasing acreage, as the
towns grow in population, affording better
markets.

About 1837, B. J. Heath and his family
settled in Concord Township, bringing with
them from Xew Jersey a grape vine, which
they planted and nurtured with care. In 1853.
Mr. Heath brought a basket of grapes from
this vine to Mr. Abram Thomson, the editor
of the Delaware Gazette, and Mr. Thomson,
who was an enthusiastic horticulturalist, recog-
nized immediately that here was a grape of
unusual merit, and to him belongs the credit
of naming the grape and of bringing it into
public notice. He sent specimens of the fruit to
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, which
presented Mr. Thomson with a vase and a sil-
ver medal. A Dr. Grant, of Iona Island, in the
Hudson River, became the largest individual
propagator of the grape, and had Mr. Thom-
son's portrait painted in oil, presenting it to him
as a mark of his appreciation. At one time Mr.
Thi mson lost nearly 20,000 young vines in a
greenhouse which was destroyed by fire. Mr.
Thomson also brought the grape to the atten-
tion of Maj. P. Barry, who was at that time
editor of the Horticulturalist. Its superior
qualities were instantly recognized. and
brought to the attention of the public by the
Major. A big excitement in the horticultural
world resulted from the introduction of this
grape, and a furor in grape culture was de-
veloped, which has been often referred to as
the ''grape fever."

The wildest ideas prevailed, and the most
extravagant anticipations and expectations
were entertained as to the profits of grape
growing, and thousands of persons embarked
in this pursuit without either the skill or the
knowledge requisite for success ; and the result,
so far as the great mass of inexperienced culti-
vators was concerned, was just what might
have been expected — failure. During this
time, the demand for vines became so great,
that they were sold in immense quantities at
prices ranging from $1 to $5 each, and even
then, the propagators of the vines were taxed
to the utmost to keep up with the demand.
Thousands of horticulturalists went to Xew
[Jersey in the hope of finding more vines like
the original. Mr. Heath had secured it from
an old Frenchman named Paul H. Provost,
and this gave rise to the story that his vine
had been sent from France with a lot of other
vines, about the beginning of the nineteenth
century: but the most careful and thorough
searching never brought to light a similar vine,
either here or. in foreign lands, and it is now
the opinion of those best able to judge, that the
original vine was a chance seedling which
sprang up in Mr. Provost's garden from some
native grape.

Among the early and most successful prop-
agators of the Delaware grape in this county,
we may mention the late George \Y. Campbell
and F. P. Vergon. As secretary of the Ohio
State Horticultural Society for many years. Mr.
Campbell was widely known, and his efforts
helped to make the Delaware grape a success
from a commercial standpoint. In this con-
nection it is not out of place to mention that
in 1857. Air. Campbell established a grape and
small fruit nursery with greenhouses in Dela-
ware, from which he shipped all over this
country, and to nearly every quarter of the
civilized world, as many as seventy varieties
of grape vines, including the Delaware. This
nursery was maintained for many years, and
small-fruit plants of all kinds as well as green-
house and bedding and flowering plants were
propagated here, supplying not only the local
demand, but going to all parts of the country.
Air. Campbell induced Mr. Heath to take up

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

the propagation of the Delaware vine by the
"layering"' process. Some years before the
"grape fever'' broke out, the elder Vergon had
received a vine from Mr. Heath, and planted
it beside his house. Mr. Campbell suggested to
the youthful F. P. Vergon that he "layer"
his vine. This was done, and young Vergon,
upon selling the vines to Mr. Campbell, found
himself in possession of $37, which, as he says,
"was quite a bunch of money for a young
man in that day." He realized at once, how-
ever, that he had made a mistake in disposing
of his vines, and the next morning, heading
off Mr. Campbell, he was at Mr. Heath's place
and purchased all the young vines he had for
sale. Beginning in this way, Mr. Vergon
continued the propagation of these vines for
eighteen years, dating from 1855, on an ex-
tensive scale, selling them mostly to Mr.
Campbell, and always at wholesale. It is de-
plorable that in the county where the Dela-
ware grape originated, there is not a grape
vineyard of any importance.

At an early day, Titus Knox had an apple
orchard of twelve acres in Trenton Township.
It was a good-bearing orchard in 1845, ani ' '*
now owned by his grandson, Alonzo Knox.
Amzi Swallow, of the same township, also had
a twelve-acre apple orchard. William Little
and Rev. VanDeman, whose names are so
prominently identified with the early history
of the county, set out apple orchards. Horace
P. McMasters of Brown Township, at a later
date, had an orchard yielding from one to
two thousand bushels of apples annually, and
this was considered quite an orchard in those
days. About i860, John Veley, of Troy Town-
ship, set out an apple orchard of seven acres,
and about twenty years ago he set out twenty
acres more in trees. Quite a number of good-
sized orchards, many of them quite young, are
now to be found in the county. The excep-
tional success of F. P. Vergon, as an orchard-
ist, no doubt has had much to do with stimulat-
ing the interest in this branch of horticulture.
In another part of this chapter will be found
a paper by Mr. Vergon. in which he sets forth
the methods to which he attributes his success.
Mr. Vergon's orchard covers between fifty and

sixty acres. Three or four acres of this was
set out fifty years ago, and about three acres
thirty years ago ; the balance was planted in
1888'. Reuben L. Hudson, a neighbor of Mr.
Vergon's, has a fifty-acre orchard, thirty acres
of which are nineteen years old, and twenty
acres are ten years old. "Cobb"' Gavitt, as he
is familiarly known, and who resides near
Ashley, has an orchard of from twenty-five to
thirty acres, which is twenty-five years old.
Samuel Willey & Sons have a sixty-acre or-
chard in Troy Township, which is in its seventh
year. They also have 600 pear trees and 100
cherry trees. James Ousey has twenty acres
of apple trees in Delaware Township, which
are seven years old. William H. Fisher, of
Liberty Township, has an apple and peach or-
chard of about four acres, and a -number of
others in this township are starting similar
orchards. Among others in the county who
have orchards, we may mention Ezra W.
Koeple, Thomas A. Kennedy, Walter M.
Glenn, of Delaware Township, who has forty
acres of trees two years old, and Dr. J. H.
Miller, who has a three-year-old orchard of
sixty-five acres, on what is known as the Hana-
walt place. A reference to the statistics which
we include in these pages will show that other
fruits are not grown extensively enough to
warrant extended notice here.

Delaware is fortunate in having as one of
its citizens the most successful apple grower
in the State of Ohio, a man who is known and
looked up to as an authority in all the apple
producing regions of this country. We refer
to Mr. F. P. Vergon, who has been called by
the Ohio Experiment Station, "The Father of
the Grass Mulch System." The following
article, which has appeared in substance in a
number of the most widely circulated publica-
tions devoted to such subjects as agriculture
and fruit growing, has been furnished for use
in this chapter by Mr. Vergon :

"I have said so much on the system of
grass mulch for fruit — in which I am a pio-
neer — that it may seem monotonous for me to
say any more, so I will take the short cut
acn iss the field and be as brief as possible.

"What may be used for mulch? Anything

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

that grows out of the ground, if sufficiently
decomposed so as not to be in the way about
the orchard, will answer a good purpose. Grass
mulch means not to plow or cultivate the or-
chard. After you once commence this system,
leave it continually in grass. Timothy is not
desirable.

"How the work is done. Mow the orchard
once or twice a year, as the case may require;
rake and drop opposite the trees ; place it
around the trees out to or beyond the drip of
the branches ; put on sufficient so that grass
or weeds will not grow through it, say eight
or ten inches thick, evenly spread. If very
dry and fluffy, put it on heavier; it will soon
settle down. If the ground is improverished,
coarse manure is very much better. In this case,
let the grass lie where the machine drops it.
It is surprising how trees will grow if not
permitted to suffer for want of moisture ; water
is a wonderful factor.

"Perhaps one of the greatest objections to
this system is, to the minds of many, that they
cannot realize from the crops in the early his-
tory of the orchard; but I believe there is no
other way so successful to get the land back
to its primitive condition — rich, porous, and
full of humus.

"It should be remembered, if the location
is a good one. good orchard land, rich, you
are laying the foundation for an orchard that
will last for generations, if this system is ad-
hered to. It is true that trees can be grown
quite successfully by the system of cultivation
up to ten or twelve years old. By this time
the land is impoverished ; the last fiber burned
out of the ground ; humus entirely exhausted ;
si imething else must be done.

"The mulch system is quite easily managed,
and not expensive until the trees are ten or
twelve years old. After this the problem, or
expense, increases with the growth of the
trees. Fortunately the revenue increases as
well. This is easily understood. As the trees
gn >w larger, the territory to mow decreases,
and the territory to mulch increases ; conse-
quently, a large portion of the mulch must
come from some other source than the orchard.
The greater part of my orchard is nineteen

years old this spring, planted thirty-five feet
each way, on rolling tablelands ; frost drain-
age good.

"This territory was a beautiful blue grass
pasture. I had grazed it with short-horn cat-
tle thirty-five or forty years. I am glad to
say this same grass grows in the orchard, wis
never plowed up, and we are out of the mud
and dirt, year in and year out, in doing all the
orchard work, which is a very great item in
comfort and pleasure. With this system, the
trees have made uniformly strong growth each
year from the time they were planted. In some
of the varieties that grow fastest, and spread
most, the branches in many places have locked
horns, and this means a spread of thirty-five
feet on trees nineteen years old, this spring.
I believe this to be a remarkable growth. Of
course many of the slower growing varieties
will not shake hands for many years.

"To supply the necessary mulch, we seeded
twenty acres of bottom land to mammoth
clover, which yielded at least three tons per
acre, and was all used for mulch. In addition
I bought the straw of nearly one hundred acres
of heavy grain for the same purpose, and com-
pleted the mulch business where most needed,
just before winter set in.

"This is somewhat expensive; but the work
on the ground, except clipping and letting the
grass lie where it is cut, is done for years.
After all, it is certainly cheaper than to culti-
vate every season ; plow, cultivate and harrow
all summer ; in the fall seed with some catch
crop, that very often does not catch, and have
the orchard washing away all winter and
spring. In fact, it would be impossible to carry
on this system with our low-headed trees. I
never believed mutilating the roots and mil-
lions of fibers is the right thing to do : I kin nv
it is not with all other plants that grow out
of the ground, large or small, and I do not
think apple trees are the exception.

"To keep the mice from the trees, we use
fine cinders that come from slack coal (no
clinkers), a bushel to one and one-half per
tree, according to size: Lay it up in cone
style at the base of the trees. It is not a ferti-
lizer, nothing grows in it. It is always clean

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

and doesn't wear out. A little wind or sun
easily gets the snow oway from the little black
cones, and gives the trees a safe and com-
fortable appearance. 1 have not lost a tree
since we began using cinders. We tried wire
screen, which, perhaps looks more plausible
than are many of the things suggested and
used, but this was not satisfactory. After
placing it around the tree and pressing it in
the ground a little, it looked all right, but
was heaved up by the frost an inch or more —
just right for the mice to get in their work.
I cannot emphasize too much the use of cin-
ders. If I were not within hauling distance.
I would have it shipped in by the carload. It
costs but a trifle. Rabbits have done us but
little harm. They seem to be contented with
cutting some of the tips from low branches of
bearing trees. \Ye never pasture with any
stock whatever; it cannot be done without dam-
age to the orchard.

"As to the results of the grass mulch sys-
tem, it must be apparent that the ground is
becoming richer all the time, with the best
natural fertilizer, I will call it, for the welfare
of the orchard. We have a reservoir of humus
all over the orchard, but more especially under
the trees, from the slow decomposition of the
mulch on the under side. Here, especially, is
where the bacteria delight most to put in their
guild work, where it is always nit list.

"Our orchard land is underlaid with shale,
but quite deep; has a good depth of rich loam
by nature, with a brash red clay sub-soil (no
gravel). Yet it has become so porous that
practically all the rainfall is absorbed in the
ground. 1 am very sure that the water never
runs out from the mulch under the trees, not
even on the side hills. EJow different it is
with dust mulch, especially after drouths in
the summer, when rain is so much needed. It
frequently comes in torrents; the ground is
puddled in an in-taut, and the water runs off
almost as slick as from a goose's back; and.
if the land is hilly or rolling (as usually the
besl orchard land is), cuts out gullies, and
washes much of the best soil into the valleys
and streams. In the next place the tempera-

ture is in a measure equalized ; the ground
under the mulch trees is never so hot in the
summer and never freezes much in winter. It
is quite possible for the roots to be injured by
very hard freezing. Some time since. I tested
the' temperature of the ground in the heat of
summer, under the trees, with thermometers.
Under one, the ground was perfectly clean ;
the other was mulched. In each case, the bot-
tom of the thermometer rested on the ground,
and both in the shade of the trees. I watched
them for several days, at 6 o'clock A. M., i
o'clock P. M„ and 6 in the evening; the tem-
perature did not run quite even, but the aver-
age was two and one-half to three degrees
cooler under the mulched tree. I was quite
satisfied with this experiment. Extreme tem-
peratures are not best, and the escape of hu-
midity is prevented. These conditions also
hold good in spring time; the ground warms
up slower under the mulch and the bloom is
retarded several days.

"Things of less importance — apples that
drop are clean, and are not usually bruised.
Even the leaves are caught up in the mulch
in the fall, and are where they will do the
most good. It is quite generally conceded
now. that apples color better and keep better
where mulch is used. If this be the case, and
I think it is, they are of better quality also,
and I verily believe the trees are longer lived.

"I 'got onto' this system from my pio-
neer days — clearing up primitive forest. The
leaves, bark, rotten branches, etc., were eight
to twelve inches deep, and are added to each
year, while decomposition is going on under-
neath. A better mulch could not be provided
for the timber by any artificial means. Here
Nature has done her own plowing for thou-
sands of years. I have never forgotten how
hard it was to walk on this mulch in the winter
time — being heaved up by the little needles
of ice and line earth, honeycomb fashion, under-
lie ith. The ground was always moist and rich
under this mulch. Tt seemed to me this would
he an ideal condition to have under my trees.
Nature is certainly a wonderful teacher, and
newer weans her children. T think it is Shakes-

AXU REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

peare who says that the student of nature may
find

'Tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones and good in everything.'

I have learned mi >st from the voiceless tongues
of the trees.

"I am very sure with this system it is pos-
sible for the trees to ripen annual crops, and
form fruit buds for the next year. Under
other conditions, the trees frequently suffer so
severely from drouths that the crop is not well
matured, and fruit buds are not formed for
the following season. Failure of crops very
seldom dimes from freezing-out in spring-
time. It is for want of bloom and vigorous
trees. It has been proved that well grown ap-
ples contain over ninety per cent, of water.
I am glad that it is possible to retain it in
the ground ; otherwise we would not have so
much water to haul out at harvest time. In
the fall of 1906, we harvested our eleventh or
twelfth consecutive paying crop annually since
1893 or 1894. I can't recall the season, but
one year, our apples, when as large as big
marbles, were frozen, in June, as hard as rocks,
Xo human being can prevent a calamity of that
kind. This section of the orchard that is
twenty years old this spring (1908), and
yields ten to twenty bushels per tree — sorted
in the orchard, all handled in crates of one to
one-half bushels (a tree can easily be mea-
sured), hauled in every day and stacked up
in our cold storage.

"Some trees of my own planting in the sec-
tion of the old orchard forty-five years old,
have harvested forty-five bushels and over per
tree. These old friends do not bear such uni-
form crops any more. They can afford in
their declining years to take a little more rest.

"A few weeks ago, looking over the or-
chard, I saw plenty of fruit buds, as I thought,
and cut small branches of different varieties,
and set them up in a jardiniere filled with
water in a warm room. Now they are in
bloom, and I am reminded of when the 'apple
trees are in blossom and the bobolinks are
singin'.'

"In conclusion, it seems to me quite pos-
sible to have the orchard in such a condition,
by supplying its every want, as to overcome
sufficiently the unfavorable elements, so as to
have a crop annually."

Joseph H. Cunningham, florist, Delaware,
is the only one in this county who is engaged
in this business on a scale of any importance.
He learned the business with the late George
W. Campbell, who was one of the foremost
Ohio horticulturalists of his day. In 1890.
Mr. Cunningham established himself at his
present location on West William Street, with
a greenhouse J2 x 20 feet in dimensions. His
business has grown steadily, and he now has
10,000 feet of glass. He does a general flor-
ist's business, and a glance at his shipping re-
ceipts for almost any day will show shipments
going to points as widely separated as Phila-
delphia and San Francisco, and New Orleans
and St. Paul, Minnesota.

The difficulty the early settlers met with
in acquiring stock can hardly be appreciated
at this day. Sheep were unknown and horses
were only less unfamiliar. Cattle ami hogs
were easily kept, so far as feeding was con-
cerned, but another difficulty involved them.
The woods abounded with wolves and bears
which soon learned the toothsome qualities of
beef and pork. Endless devices were invented
to protect these valuable adjuncts of the early
settlement from these wild marauders, but with
limited success. Time and again were the
early settlers aroused from their sleep to find
the hope of a winter's supply in the clutches
of a bear or hopelessly destroyed by wolves.
Hogs were allowed to breed wild in the woods.
Occasionally they were brought into a pen for
the purpose of marking them by sundry slits
in the ears. Such occasions were frequently
the scene of extreme personal danger, and
called forth all the intrepid daring inculcated
by a life in the woods. The animals, mi ire
than half wild, charged upon their tormentors.
and then it was expected that the young man
would quickly jump aside, fling himself upon
the back of the infuriated beast, and. seizing
him by the ears, hold him still enough to make
the necessary marking. These hogs were sold

3°

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

to itinerant buyers, who collected them in
droves, taking them to Zanesville, swimming
the Muskingum on the way. The shrewd set-
tler always sold his hugs with the understand-
ing that the buyer was to deliver them him-
self. This often proved the larger part of the
bargain, and the dealer, wearied out and dis-
gusted, would be glad to compromise the mat-
ter by leaving the hogs and a good part of the
purchase-price with the settler. A hog turn-
ing 200 pounds was considered a heavy-weight,
and a drove averaging this would be the pride
of a dealer and the envy of his fellows. At an
early day Stephen Bennett and David and Jo-
seph Prince of Berkshire Township followed
the business of driving hogs to Baltimore. The
task of driving such herds of swine as they
took to market can hardly be appreciated at
this day. On account of their wildness they
were likely to stampede at the first opportunity,
and numbers of hogs were lost on every trip.
At an early time Stephen Bennett broughl
sheep from Kentucky and traded them for
hogs, and it took a good hog in those days to
buy a sheep.

This is a good com country, and raising
and feeding all kinds of live stock has always
been a profitable ami popular occupation with
the farmei. The first blooded cattle were
brought to Delaware County about [826 by
Judge Hosea Williams and Wilder Joy. These
were bought in Pickaway County, and among
them wa> a dark roan shorl horn bull that
was a tine animal for that day. most of the line
breeds in this section having been crossed un-
til the stock was deteriorating. Gilbert Van
I bun broughl some Durhams into the county
about [836, and a few years later a few were
purchased by a Mr. Jones 'if Radnor (which
niie of the vcr\ numerous citizens of that name
we have been unable to learn), from M. S.
Sullivant of Columbus, from that time to the
present the grade of the cattle bred in the
county hi- constantl) been improving, owing
to the efforts of a few men in different sec-
tions who have maintained fine herds. Among
those of the earlier day we may mention T. F.
Joy, X. Leonard, Norman Perfect, T. C.
Jones and Uiaunev Hills. The latter gentle-

man, in 1854. purchased a small farm in Troy
Township, which he named "Crystal Spring
Farm." By subsequent purchases he increased
the size of this farm until it included some
400 acres. This place has ever since been fa-
mous as the home of the best of thoroughbred
shorthorn cattle. Shropshire sheep and York-
shire hogs. The foundation for this reputation
was laid at that time by the purchase of the
fine young shorthorn bull, Master Miller, 693.
and the beautiful young Rose of Sharon heifer.
Fanny Fern by Prince Charles the 2nd
"321 13," from the Messrs. Renick. At this
time, and fur the next six years, T. C. Jones
was associated with Air. Hills, the firm name
being Hills & Jones. In 1862 the herd was
divided. Mr. Hills's success as a breeder of
short-horns was well attested many years ago
by the choice of numbers of his herd for ex-
port to Great Britain, where they graced the
pastures of Lord Dunmore at Stirling, ami
produced descendants that were most success-
ful in the show-ring. Two animals that Mr.
Hills bred were shipped to England by the
purchaser and sold for about $7,500. For
many years F. P. Vergon was successful as a
breeder of short-horn cattle. Among others,
we' mav mention John Worline, of Marlbor-
ough, who is one of the oldest short-horn
breeders in the county, and keeps a herd of
perhaps twenty-five registered cattle. The
breeding business established by T. C. Jones
was continued by bis son. Arthur H., until
about 1902, when he sold the herd at auction.
At that time 1 tough Bros., of Berkshire Town-
ship, purchased some of the Jones stock, and
since that time have been breeding short-horn
ami polled Durham cattle. They now have
about eights- head, of which thirty are regis-
tered. Some of their fine animals have been
imported from Canada. Price & Hills, of
Radnor Township, also have a herd of these
cattle. For many years, T. R. Smith, of
Berlin Township, was a breeder of Devonshire
cattle. M. I',. Shoemaker and Son bred
Highbred Hereford cattle for a number of
years prior to [900. Their farm was near
Ashley, and they had a bull and a small herd
of cows. There are many other farmers who

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

have smaller herds of fine stuck. In the south-
ern part of the county dairying seems to be
growing in favor. The facilities for shipping
milk to Columbus where the demand is con-
stant, and the close proximity of good cream-
eries, has given an impetus to this department
of agriculture.

Undoubtedly Capt. V. T. Hills as a breeder
of Red Polled cattle has made Delaware
G mntv more widely known among cattle
breeders in the United States than any other
individual. It is claimed by breeders of these
cattle that they combine the capacity of milk
and beef production in the same individual to
an equal if not to a greater degree than any
other breed. In 1887 Capt. Hills purchased
eight cows and one bull — the best that were
to be had in England. By the time the herd
reached Delaware County, it numbered seven-
teen. The Bull Pando, 1254, proved to be a
very valuable animal, leaving his impress on
many of his get. He was one of the very
great bulls of the breed. The cows of this
importation were a useful lot. Chic was never
beaten in the show ring; she was first at the
World's Columbian Exposition, and champion
cow over all breeds in the "General Purpose - '
class, twenty-seven prize cows of all breeds
competing. Other importations were made
from time to time, the last, in 1900, compris-
ing eighteen cows and two bulls. For ten or
twelve years, beginning with the year 1890,
Capt. Hills exhibited at leading- fairs all over
the country, taking over 400 honors. Two of
the five cows ( Trvste, No. 5169, aged thirteen
years, and Mayflower 2nd. No. 8025, eight
years) representing this breed in the official
milk test conducted in the Model Dairy at the
Pan-American Exposition, in 1901. were
owned by Capt. Hills, and were it not for the
energy and personal work of Capt. Hills, who
was prevailed upon by the earnest solicitation
of the committee appointed by the Red Polled
Cattle Club of America, to select these five
cows, the breed would not have been repre-
sented at the test. There were ten breeds,
represented by five cows each, in the test —
Jerseys, Guernseys, Ayrshires. Holsteins.
Polled fersevs, Shorthorns, Brown Swiss,

French Canadians, Dutch Belted and Red
Polls. Experienced men, furnished by the
various breeders' associations, spent months in
making selections of representative cows of
the several breeds, with the result that the
Ayrshires, Jerseys, Holsteins, Shorthorns and
French Canadians were said by competent au-
thority to be "the finest lot of cattle of these
breeds ever seen together." With these five
herds the Canadian Government sent at its
own expense, one general superintendent, and
with each of the herds was a manager, expert
in compounding rations, as well as an ex-
perienced feeder or care taker. The Red Poll-
were in charge of a herdsman only. Mr. P. K.
Krider, who had never compounded a balanced
ration in his life. Capt. Hills's cow, May-
flower 2nd. won second place in butter profit
out of the fifty cows tested, excelling all the
Jerseys, all the Ayrshires, all the Holsteins
and four of the five Guernseys. In writing the
foregoing, we have made free use of a pam-
phlet issued by the Red Polled Cattle Club of
America, in 1903.

In fat stock shows, steers from Capt.
Hills's herd have been shown with credit. Of
one shown in 1900. the expert of the Breed-
er's Gazette said, in speaking of the slaughter
test: "Star presented one of the most beauti-
ful and profitable carcasses on the hooks. He
had roasts of equal thickness of the cham-
pion's, and much better marbled, and he had
no more excess of fat. His rounds were not
so well filled, however, down in the lower
parts where the meat is cheap."

In October, 1902, Capt. Hills sold the
larger part of his herd at public auction in
Chicago. There were eighty females, four-
teen bulls and fifteen calves at foot, and the
prices paid at this sale made an average price
of $283 per head for all ages. Capt. llill>
still maintains a small herd at his farm in
Scioto Township. A herd of these cattle is
also kept' by Mr. James Raney. of Baltimore,
on his farm in Scioto Township.

The breeding of fine sheep has long been
an important industry in this county. Mam-
years ago, Miner Tone, of Liberty Township,
owned one of the finest herds of sheep in the

3 2

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

State. This flock passed into the possession
of R. K. Willis, who for many years gave the
most careful and intelligent attention to sheep
breeding. Thomas Jones, of Delaware Town-
ship, also bred fine sheep. Wesley Bishop, of
Troy Township, has been engaged in the Me-
rino sheep industry since 1880 on Pleasant
Hill Farm. He has the largest flock of pure
bred Merino sheep in Delaware County, and
has done much toward raising the sheep
standard in this section. One of the best
known Merino collections in the country is
owned by C. H. Bell, of Ashley. The flock
was founded more than forty years ago by
the father of the present owner, and for the
past twenty years has been making fame by
its winnings at the big State and international
shows. In 1888. the Bell flock won all the
firsts and seconds at the Ohio Centennial
show, and the younger Bell has kept the flock
up to the high standard established by his
father. Many of the rams bred here bring
from $100 to $200 each. In 1904, R. D. Mc-
Gonigle & Sons started in the Merino busi-
ness with upwards of thirty fine sheep. They
have established a notable flock, from which
they have sent prize winners to State fairs in
Ohio, Virginia, Illinois. Michigan and Xew
York. J. C. Wood, of Delaware, proprietor
of Wood's Big Walnut Farm in Porter Town-
ship, started his flock about eleven years ago,
and has some of the best bred sheep in the
State. Mr. Wood is one of the active and in-
fluential members of the Delaine Merino As-
sociation. William E. Gallant, of Delaware
Township, also has a flock of these sheep. In
March. 1905, there came to Delaware Town-
ship one of the best-known sheep breeders in
the United States. S. M. Cleaver. A recent
issue of the American Sheep Breeder says the
coming of Mr. Cleaver will bring Delaware
more in the eye of the Merino sheep public
than any other spot in America. The same paper
also says: "As a judge and critic of Merino
sheep he is the best man of his time, and has
no equal in the mating of sire and dam."
Maplewood Stock Farm, the present scene of
Mr. Cleaver's labors, is located in the southern
part of Delaware Township, where the C. D.

& M. interurban line crosses Sandusky Street.
Mr. Cleaver has always been prominent in
organizing the different associations of Me-
rino l.ieeders, in seyeral of which he has held
official position. In 1905, he helped organize
the Consolidated Association of Merino Breed-
ers, ami has been its secretary since that time.
He is also secretary of the American Delaine
Merino Sheep Association of Delaware. Mr.
Cleaver ceased exhibiting a number of years
ago, and since that time he has supplied many
exhibitors with prize-winning stock. He owns
some of the most noted rams in the country —
Gold Standard, Fortune, Improver and Oil
King having a reputation with breeders every-
where.

The Shropshire flock, which was started at
Crystal Spring Farm in 1876 and is now kept
by Mr. F. P. Hills on Oakland Farm, Peru
Township, Morrow County, is the oldest in
the State of Ohio. The foundation stock was
imported from several of the most dis-
tinguished breeders in Great Britain, and nu-
merous additions were afterward made from
the flocks of Joseph Beach, J. Pulley, J. Bowen
Jones, H. Lovatt, Thomas Fenn, T. S. Minton,
Messrs. Evans & Everell. W. Ward and others
who rank high as breeders of this popular
breed in their native home. The strongest
point in their favor in this country is their
great value for crossing upon other breeds
lacking in mutton qualities — notably the G >m-
mon Merino, which compose probably ninety
to ninety-five per cent, of all the sheep in the
United States. The half-bloods make good
feeders and command the highest prices in our
markets, being largely purchased for exporta-
tion to England, there being no embargo upon
them, and sell from three to five cents more
than our beef. Shropshires clip about eight
pounds of medium combing-wool, which sells
higher than any other sort. Rams weigh from
150 to 250 pounds, and ewes from 150 to 200
pounds, when in good condition. They are
prolific, and mature early.

T. R. Smith raises sheep on an extensive
scale, and there are many others who have fair-
sized flocks of high-grade sheep, raised and
fed for wool and mutton, among which we

AXE) REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

may mention Lester Peet and Coridon McAl-
lister, of Thompson Township.

Among the large and important flocks of
Merino sheep in the county, is that of H. P.
Miller, of Sunbury, which has been established
over forty years. Mr. Miller's Delaine rams
are registered in either the Standard or the
Improved Delaine Association. They present
a strong combination of desirable features,
rather than any one single feature.

There are many fine herds of swine in the
county, the favorite breeds being Duroc, Po-
land China, Chester White. Many years ago
Chauncy Hills introduced Yorkshire hogs, and
more recently the firm of Price & Hills, of
Radnor, have introduced the Hampshire
breed. Charles Davis also has a herd of this
breed.

For upwards of forty years the breeding
of fine draft horses has received considerable
attention. The most popular breed, because it
may possibly be best adapted to this section.
is the Percheron or Percheron-Norman, named
for Le Perche and Normandy, in France,
where they are extensively bred and whence
they are imported into the United States. The
first horse of this breed was brought into Ohio
by Thomas Jones, who later, in 1879, came to
Delaware Township and settled on a farm on
the Radnor Pike, which he named "Alder-
brook." Among the early importers of these
horses to this count)-, we may mention Covell
Brothers, of Delaware, who were also inter-
ested in the Radnor Importing Company and
the Delaware Importing Company. These
concerns sent representatives to France at dif-
ferent times, to purchase horses for importa-
tion. Among other individuals who were in-
terested in importing, breeding or dealing in
this breed at that time were W. H. Case, John
and Edward Thompson, Capt. Solomon Wei-
ser, Stephen Thomas of Radnor. Dr. John M.
Rapp, and others. Some of the present day
breeders and dealers are F. P. Hills, \Y. W.
Ferguson. H. Domigan, Lewis Slack and
Hough Brothers.

Welsh Mountain Ponies. This breed of
ponies has existed in the mountainous districts

of Wales for centuries, and is a pure and dis-
tinct variety of the horse. Their distinguish-
ing characteristics are beauty of form, docility
and hardihood; in all qualities which make
ponies valuable, it is thought they have no
equal. In England, where ponies are much
used, they are very popular — no other breed
more so, and frequently sell as high as $200
a head. Two head of these ponies were im-
ported by the late Thomas Jones of Delaware
from Liverpool in August. 1885, who selected
them in person in the breeding district of
Wales. From that time to the present these
ponies have been bred at Alderbrook Farm,
which has been managed by Mr. Jones's
daughter. Miss Winnifred Jones, since [899,
when advancing years compelled her father to
retire from active business life. For about ten
years F. P. Hills engaged in breeding these
animals of which he had some splendid repre-
sentatives. Among those who are m iw breed-
ing Welsh ponies in this county are David
Dyer and John Gregg in Berkshire Township,
and R. J. Pumphrey of Delaware.

Shetland ponies. In 1887, Corrington
Gavitt, better known by the familiar sobriquet
of "Cobb" Gavitt. of the firm of Cobb Gavitt
& Company, proprietors of Evergreen Park-
Shetland Pony Farm, near Ashley, imported
the foundation stock of his present herd. They
were purchased from the Marquis of Londi m-
derry, Bressy, Shetland Isle, who has the
largest ami best herd in the world. About
seventy-five of these ponies are always to be
found at Evergreen Park, whence they are
shipped all over the country. Twenty-seven
Shetland ponies were raised here in 1907.
Thomas Jones, of Delaware Township, also im-
ported and bred Shetlands. Tom Thumb, which
he brought to this country, died in 1905 at the
age of thirty-six years. In [898, Livingston
Brothers, of Leonardsburg, purchased fr< im
Mr. Jones two mares by Tom Thumb, and
since that time they have been engaged in
breeding. They now have eleven ponies on
their place.

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

The following interesting figures are taken from the 1907 Abstract of Agricultural Statistics for Delaware County:

PRODUCT

ACRES SOWN FOR HAR-
VEST IN 1000

BUSHELS PRODUCED
IN 1000

ACRES SOWN FOR HAR-
VEST IN 1007

Wheat

Rye

Buckwheat . . .

Oats

Winter Barley
Spring Barley.
Corn

.14,001'.
. ...604
13.

.10,054.
13.

.39,190.

260,729.

. . 7, 269.
....154.

.16,754.
....486.

..409,393.

60.

125 .

.1,560,275.

, 12,737.

15.

34,040.

Ensilage Corn, 378 acres planted in 1907.

Sugar Corn 33 acres planted 72 tons produced

Tomatoes 5 acres planted 1,250 bu. produced

Peas 6 ' + acres planted 5,400 bu. produced

Irish Potatoes 629 acres planted 04,521 bu. produced

Sweet Potatoes 1 acre planted 50 bu. produced

Onions 4}s acres planted 875 bu. produced

Meadow, acres in grass other than clover, 43,321' tons of hay produced, 48,894.

Clover, acres grown, 2,190; tons of hay produced, 2,460; bushels of seed produced, 474; acres plowed under, 93.

Alfalfa, acres grown, 234; tons of hay produced, 525.

Milk: Gallons sold for familr use, 278,705.

Butter made in home dairies, 323,331 lbs.

Butter made in factories and creameries, 515, 147 lbs.

Cheese made in factories and creameries, 83,844 lbs.

Eggs, 970,980 dozen.

Sorghum, 1 acre planted; 109 gallons of syrup produced.

Maple trees from wriich sugar or syrup was produced in 1907, 22,809;

Bees: Number of hives, 283; pounds of honey produced, 3,317.

pounds of sugar. 30; gallons of syrup, 3,919.

Orchards Acres of Apple Trees 2,319;

Orchards Acres of Peach Trees IPs:

Orchards Acres of Pear Trees 1 s + ;

Orchards Acres of Cherry Trees % l /z :

Orchards Acres of Plum Trees 'A%;

bushels of fruit produced 133,908

bushels of fruit produced 257

bushels of fruit produced 108

bushels of fruit produced 71

buskels ot fruit produced 14

Number of Beef Cattle owned in April, 1907 571

Number of Milch Cows owned in April, 1007 9,339

Number of all other Cattle owned in April, 1C07 6,782

Total.

.16,002

Number of Sheep owned in April, 1907, 41,208.
Pounds of Wool shorn, 235, 136
Number of Hogs owned in April, 1907, 18,344,
Number of Hogs for summer market, 10d7, 6,632.

Number of domestic animals which died from disease in 1900:

Horses 143; value $13,005

Cattle 162; value 4J00

Sheep 816; value 2 i 10

Hogs 279; value 1689

MINERAL SPRINGS.
(By Dr. S. W. Fowler.)

Delaware possesses some of the most valu-
able mineral springs in the world, and each
spring is charged with medicinal and thera-

peutical properties which have the most bene-
ficial influence on mankind, both in health and
disease. Many watering places and health re-
sorts enjoving the patronage of many thou-
sands of people, would be overjoyed with water

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

of such wonderful therapeutic values as is
found here. If these waters had been properly
developed, Delaware would now be unable to
furnish accommodations, and if they would
now advance the work, hundreds, yea thou-
sands, of those who know of these waters,
would be the strongest advocates ; for they
stand ready to give testimony of the beneficial
results of these chalybeate and sulphuretted
waters.

Long before tradition taught our fore-
fathers about them, the wild animals could
have been seen here, drinking from these
springs. Xot only to quench their thirst were
these waters beneficial, but they had a marvel-
ous influence upon their vitality. The Indian
told the white man how he found the buffalo,
the deer, and the bears and cattle congregated
here : how the various tribes came here to se-
cure their meats while the animals visited
these waters, and how the different tribes
finally pitched their tents in the valleys and
hills along the Olentangy River and the Dela-
ware Run. They were wont to relate to the
white frontiersman the marvelous benefits the
old and the young derived from the waters.
They fully appreciated that these mineral
springs possessed something far better, more
pure, and greater than other waters in the river
and streams, as well as other springs in other
localities.

The white pioneer soon learned also that
these springs possessed something which made
them better than other waters : and located
near them to enjoy their health-giving prop-
erties. He, too, saw with surprise, animals,
both wild and domestic, seeking these springs,
and only ceased coming to them when they
were shut out by the fences.

For over half a century, thousands of peo-
ple annually followed the same law and in-
stinct, not fully appreciating the medicinal
powers in these mineral waters, until some
years ago, when a few enterprising and pro-
gressive citizens connected with the University
and city, believed that these waters con-
tained valuable medicinal agents of great value
to humanity, and possessed by but few mineral
springs in the world. Acting upon their belief.

they had them analyzed. The analysis proved
that each and every mineral spring possessed
medicinal qualities of uncommon and beneficial
influence to mankind. This wonderful revela-
tion made by them, proved that the waters
were not only similar, but far superior to many
others whose fame had spread far and near.
These white and black and saline sulphur and
chalybeate springs in this locality are far su-
perior in every respect to many in this and
foreign lands. The analysis has proven that
Delaware's Sulphur springs are better and
stronger than those of Virginia, where thou-
sands visit annually. They are better, and
possess more valuable ingredients than those
of Pennsylvania or Colorado.

The temperature of springs, as well as the
waters charged with certain medicinal agents,
render them more or less valuable for thera-
peutical purposes. As a rule, spring waters
have a temperature of 33 degrees. When the
temperature is higher than 36 degrees, they
are known as thermal springs. These are
often of more or less value independently of
the power of the water to dissolve mineral
substances and the gases they contain. Yet
when a spring is thermal, and contains the
important gases, and holds in solution valu-
able mineral agents, they become of far greater
importance to mankind.

Such are the springs in this locality. These
sulphur springs have a temperature of 60 de-
grees, and the chalybeate springs 57 degrees,
while the famous Wildbad Spring of Germany
has a temperature of 61 degrees: the Clifton,
of New York. 54 degrees; Carlsbad. 131 de-
grees ; the Warmbrunn, Germany, 68 degrees ;
the Hot Springs of Arkansas, 90 degrees to
108 degrees; and the Great Geyser of Ice-
land, 180 degrees. The composition of mineral
waters varies according to the strata through
which the water passes, as well as to the pres-
sure and previous composition under which it
is in contact with the deposits. Waters vary
in composition in the same locality, yet come
to the surface in close proximity to each other,
as is witnessed in this locality. We see the
same conditions at Saratoga. New York.
Coming by pressure to the surface, these wa-

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

ters are found to possess different therapeuti-
cal values one from the other, yet each and
every one possessing rare and valuable medici-
nal virtues.

When the great mineral strata below has
been thoroughly drilled into, and other springs
have been carefully developed and located,
there will be no reason why the waters will
n. it be sought after for drinking and bathing
purposes, and the curing of all forms of dis-
eases equal to, if not far more, than those in
other localities of less value.

The rare mineral combinations so univers-
ally present in these mineral springs, and with
which the people should have been more deeply
interested, are not so different from those
whose waters have cured many diseases, and
given happiness to many individuals. The
oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbonate
and bi-carbonate of sodium; the sulphate and
chloride of sodium; the carbonate and bi-car-
bonate of calcium ; the different forms of in m
combined and re-combined by nature's law,
are of the highest therapeutical value when
properly used.

The classification of mineral waters is ex-
ceedingly difficult, yet all are based upon the
predominence of some certain constituents, or
constituents imparting to them certain medi-
cinal and therapeutical values to be used in
different diseases or in various ways. The
special or principal constituent giving the pe-
culiar character to the mineral waters, acting

as a cathartic or as a laxative, is the bi-car-
bonate of magnesia and bi-carbonate of soda,
and the chloride of sodium. The tonic mineral
waters contain bicarbonate of iron or oxide of
in n. The alterative mineral waters contain
iodide of sodium and chloride of potassia and
sodium. The diuretic properties of the mineral
waters depend upon the bicarbonate of lithia
and the protoxide of hydrogen. It will lie well
to remember this when studying and discussing
tli- qualities ami uses of these mineral water-.
That the carbonic acid gas, sulphuretted
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the life-
giving principles of all of our mineral springs,
we can no longer doubt. They contribute to
the solubilitj of the ^alts contained in the

waters, and render them more palatable and
more agreeable to the stomach. The perfect
solubility of these salts enhances the medi-
cinal power of the mineral waters, and hence
are more valuable for drinking and bathing,
and curing of diseases. Once let the gases be
driven off or escape, and the water evaporated,
and it will be found it will take more than
ten times the amount of rain water to re-dis-
solve them. The absence of these gases in the
strongest iron springs of Europe, render them
worthless, or nearly so. When comparing
these springs with many others, there is found
a much larger amount of gases in them, thus
making them of the highest benefit in curing
diseases and for every day use. The gases
seem to travel through some of the springs and
escape ; but in the case of the springs in this
li cality, the springs are most thoroughly and
firmly impregnated with them.

While many famous mineral springs con-
tain bicarbonate of maenesia, which acts as a
laxative and an anti-acid in some stomachs,
the Delaware springs contain not only the
same, but added to them is the sulphate of
magnesia and chloride of sodium, acting more
mildly and safely as a laxative and carthartic
as well as correcting the "sour stomach," es-
pecially seen in those addicted to the use of
alcohol, and those, too. who overindulge in
eating at unusual hours. By using these wa-
ters, the "heartburn" and sick headache soon
disappear. These waters start the torpid liver,
and arouse the intestinal inaction, and stimu-
late metabolic changes. The medical profes-
sion well know and highly appreciate the use
of the carbonate and bicarbonate of sodium,
found so abundantly in these springs, and can
testify to their highly beneficial influence as
medicinal agents, especially in correcting the
morbid secretions of uric acid. As found in
the waters of these springs, the acids hold in
solution aluminates. the phosphates, etc.. ren-
dering them thus highly beneficial in all forms
of rheumatism. With a little labor, many
valuable testimonials could Lie furnished giving
proof of remarkable cures in this disease.
When used for bathing and drinking, the ef-
fects have been far more rapid.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

The Chalybeate springs, known as the Le-
nape or Hills' Springs, furnish one of the best
tonic waters in the country. The iron con-
tained in the waters, when taken into the body,
builds up the red corpuscles of the blood,
stimulates the appetite, and enriches the whole
body. That most important agent so demanded
by the whole animal creation, chloride of so-
dium, or common salt, is abundantly found in
the chalybeate springs, and in each and every
one of our springs.

Every physician can testify how this agent
increases the solubility of the albumen of the
blood, and prevents the rapid destruction of
red corpuscles. It stimulates the secretion of
gastric juice, increases the flow of bile., and the
more rapid interchange of the fluids in the
body, called osmosis. Acting on the kidneys,
there are increased secretion and excretion of
the urine. The great influence salt has on the
body one cannot estimate until one has used
the water so remarkably supplied with it. The
only method of proving its action is by care-
fully watching and recording the therapeutical
effects on the patient. The same is true of all
the waters. The effects have been watched and
recorded, and many are ready to give testimony
of astonishing and bewildering results. Chemical
analysis fails to decide the exact medicinal ef-
fects, independently of the careful and faithful
observation of the beneficiary. The afflicted,
who have used the waters and been benefited,
always furnish the best and most reliable evi-
dence. Blessed as the locality is now with
many different mineral springs of the highest
medicinal value, many more can be developed
by systematic drilling, equally as good, if not
better, and at the same time locate them so that
sanitariums, hotels and bath houses can be
erected with great advantage, to accommodate
those wishing to come here for pleasure and
treatment.

The Odevene Spring will always be of
commercial interest, as the water is finding an
unlimited demand. It is shipped in large
aim mnts to various parts of the country, and
is having a growth never dreamed of by the
citizens of Delaware. The steady development
of the Saratoga springs has been going on un-

til now they have world-wide renown. What
has been done there can be done here, and
should have been done lung before this. Let
five to ten wells be drilled in the most pleasant
parts of the city, and soon we will see hotel and
sanitarium accommodations made for the large
number resorting here for health and pleasure,
and many as permanent citizens, to use the
waters, and will see the population doubled in
ten years.

The first spring at Saratoga was discov-
ered in 1767, "the High Rock Spring." by Sir
William Johnston. Tradition tells of the In-
dians using from it long before this. The Con-
gress Spring was discovered in 1792. Then
followed others in rapid succession, until now
they have over thirty, all properly analyzed and
recorded, each one possessing rare medicinal
properties, and which over 300,000 people an-
nually visit for health and pleasure. Why
should not the various sulphur and chalybeate
springs of this city cause it to become the Sara-
toga of Ohio and the west ?

All of these springs of any repute range
from 60 to 200 feet below the surface. With
the exception of the High Rock Spring, all
are tubed.

It is the duty of every scientific and medi-
cal writer interested in our city, to investigate,
write and make reports upon the history, prob-
able origin, chemical properties, the therapeuti-
cal value, and the medicinal importance of each
and every spring. In this manner a vast and
valuable fund of information can be collected
for the city, and for all coining here to use the
water for various forms of diseases. This
should have been done long before this, and the
benefits would have accrued to the town. It
has only been of recent date that the Odevene
Spring waters have been brought prominently
before the people, and its possibilities cannot
be estimated. The reason for this rapid growth
is the marvelous therapeutic action of the prop-
erties found in the water. It is only too fre-
quently stated by the wise and the unwise, the
learned and the unlearned, that these, as well
as all mineral waters, have no medicinal val-
ues, and the same results can be attained by
using artificially prepared waters. The argu-

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

ment only confirms the benefits arising from
the use of these waters as nature furnishes
them to us ; yet all differing in power as cath-
artics, laxatives, diuretics and elixir waters, as
discussed and taught in medical books. The
action of these same agents chemically pre-
pared, act upon the organs by irritation, caus-
ing secretion and elimination, while these same
agents in these mineral waters are natural to
the body, acting as powerful oxidizers of the
disintegrated or broken-down tissues, and
eliminating from the body by the different
organs, the waste matter. These waters,
charged with important elements, again fur-
nish the blood with powerful restoratives to
build up tissue, and to cure disease. That the
Odevene stimulates the liver secretion, and
acts as a cholagogue, we have abundance of
evidence. Those using it report the laxative
or cathartic effects, and the more rapid digestion
and relief from distress in the stomach. The
gastrointestinal irritability is relieved and
cured. The dark, swarthy complexion changed
to a ruddy, healthy color, and the whole sys-
tem, through the glandular organs is strength-
ened and invigorated. The weak and debili-
tated heart and arteries gain power and
strength. The nervous system .is electrified
and set going. To give a list of the dis-
eases influenced and cured by these waters
would take too much space, and would be
confusing. These mineral waters, like all
others, should be used by the sick under regular
and strict rules, and always under the care of
a physician or nurse, who have carefully in-
vestigated their use. Those in health need
no help, and are ready to testify to the benefits
derived from using the waters for bathing and
drinking.

The Odevene Spring is owned and operated
by the "Odevene Spring Company." It is lo-
cated east of the campus of the Ohio Wesleyan
University, and a little west of die Olentangy
River, and near the junction of the C, C. C.
& St. L. Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Rail-
road. A company drilled this well int.. the
rock and struck this valuable thermal mineral
spring water at the depth of 400 feet. The
well is in the great lime nick strata, and the

sulphur component renders the water valuable
in many forms of disease. Their bottling
works are nearby the spring, where they work
a number of hands, washing the bottles, filling,
labeling and packing ready for shipping. They
have arranged for a portion of the water to
flow from the well, to accommodate the hun-
dreds of people who visit it daily for drinking
and other purposes. Over twenty thousand gal-
lons flow from the well daily. The medicinal
effects of the water have been thoroughly
tested, and endorsed, not only by the local
physicians, but by other leading physicians.
They prescribe it daily with the utmost confi-
dence to those of a sedentary habit, and to
those suffering from bilious disorders. The
water, containing the laxative salts, chloride
of sodium or common salt, bicarbonate of
magnesium, the chloride of magnesia, induce
effects that are mild, pleasant and certain, and
without irritating the intestinal tract, or im-
pairing the digestive functions; on the other
hand, promoting the appetite, and stimulating
digestion and assimilation. The chloride of
calcium acting powerfully upon the glands of
the skin, the kidneys, and the mucous mem-
brane, is an agent of great value as a curative
power. The various forms of eczema and the
enlargement of glands are cured when the
water is systematically used for drinking and
bathing. The same can be said of the White
and Black sulphur waters, as thousands of
people, who have for many years used them,
can testify.

We will speak also of the Magnetic
Springs, properly called Chalybeate Springs.
The Lenape Spring, owned by Mr. C. E. Hills,
has been analyzed and tested for years. The
ingredients contained in these waters are of
great benefit to the blood and the body. Many
chalybeate springs in this country, as well as
in Europe, are visited for the purpose of drink-
ing, bathing and treatment. Those at Rich-
mond, Va. ; Sharon, Pa. ; the Bedford, Brighton
and Cheltenham in Europe, where large num-
bers visit annually, are renowned. Yet the
chalybeate springs of our own city have nearly
the same chemical composition; and in addi-
tion, combine the valuable saline properties

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

making them of far more value as curative
agents than those mentioned.

That we may prove that what has been
said is true, we append the following analysis
of our springs, and a few of the most noted in
when the patient needs a tonic.

The Odevene natural spring water was
analyzed by the celebrated consulting and
analytical chemist, A. A. Brenneman, of New
York. He gives the following composition:

Temperature 60 degrees, density 10,040, total solid
375.11 per gallon.

Potassium Chloride , 18.65 g r -

Si idium Chloride 145-87 gr.

Lithium Chloride Traces

Calcium Chloride 15.26 gr.

Magnesium Chloride 55-93 gr.

Calcium Sulphate 102.47 g r -

Calcium Bicarbonate 33-S/ gr.

Magnesium Bicarbonate 2.64 gr.

Alumina and Iron 0.05 gr.

Silica 0.37 gr.

Ni 1 Organic Matter

Less the Carbonic acid and water of

Bicarbonates 361.32 gr.

The important gases spoken of before, and
of such vast importance in all mineral wa-
ters, are in large quantities in this spring :

Sulphuretted Hydrogen 2.924 per gal.

Nitrogen 5.810 per gal.

Oxygen 0.158 per gal.

By the analysis, we see the water, as stated,
is not only a strong mineral, but a highly saline
sulphuretted one. This chemist further says:
This sulphuretted hydrogen gas is entirely free,
no sulphide occurring in the water, except the
traces of sulphide of iron, and this in suspen-
sion. He says further, by way of compari-
son with other mineral waters, that this spring
is exceeded by only one other in sulphuretted
hydrogen gas. A United States gallon con-
tains in cubic inches as follows :

Weilbach well, Germany 1.161

Cave well, N. Y 2.754

White Sulphur well, N. Y 0.8*4

Florida well, N. Y 3765

Odevene well, Delaware, 2.924

Taking the analysis of these wells, we find
the Odevene of greater value in this gas and
its combinations in the curing (if disease, and
as a valuable mineral water.

The Lenape Magnetic Springs were known,
like the other springs, to the Indians long be-
fore the coming of the white man. The Lenni-
Lenape tribe of Indians camped in the vicinity
of these waters.

There are two of these springs only a few
feet apart, giving a discharge of 8,400 gallons
each day. Though so near together, the wa-
ters differ materially in their composition, as
will be seen in the analysis. Unlike the other
springs, it has a magnetic influence, making
it one of the marvels of nature. Its use in
various diseases has been carefully tested, and
found to be of great value. No. 1 acting on
the liver, kidneys and blood, while No. 2 acts
more directly upon stomach diseases and the
bowels, as well as on the blood. Having such
large quantities of iron, its use is especially
adapted to the diseases affecting the blood, or
when the patient needs a tonic.

No. 1 Lenape analysis is as follows :

Temperature 57 degrees, density 1.0520, total solid
per gallon 55.695.

Sodium Chloride V346

Calcium Chloride 0.634

Potash Sulphate r 334

Lime Sulphate 6.201

Magnesia Sulphate 0.934

Lime Bicarbonate 27.421

Magnesia Bicarbonate 15.211

Iron Oxide - i4

Silic a ! ' .054

Organic matter 004

Tttal 55.695

No. 2 Lenape analysis is as follows :

Temperature 57 degrees, density 1.0620. total solid
per gallon 40.64.

Sodium Chloride 2 . 1 5

Lime Sulphate j. I2

Magnesia 2 .?r

Magnesia Carbonate 12.U

Lime Carbonate 17 7 !

Potassia Traces

Organic matter D .8l

Iron Oxide , T

Alumina Traces

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

When these waters have been used regu-
larly and systematically, they improve the se-
cretions and the appetite, relieve the decom-
position of food in the stomach, and stop the
eructation of gas, cure the diseased mucous
membranes, and stimulate the torpid liver and
intestine to action, build up the broken-down
corpuscles, and thus stimulate the whole or-
ganism. These waters being strongly anti-
acid, they combine with the gastric juices, and
act as a laxative and cathartic, and act most
beneficially on all cases of rheumatism.

The oldest and most famous spring is the
White Sulphur Spring on the campus of the
Ohio Wesleyan University. Thousands of
students and visitors from all parts of the
United States and the world have the most
perfect knowledge of it, and are ready to give
testimony as to its value. How long it has
been flowing, tradition fails to tell. The rich,
sulphuretted odor of this, as well as of the
five others of the same nature, appearing along
the Delaware Run for two miles to the north-
west, can be detected long before reaching
the springs. The visitor, oil the first visit,
is disgusted and nauseated with the taste and
odor, which is so powerful; but after a few
visits he likes it, and many are found there
daily praising it in the highest terms. Daily,
hundreds are seen with vessels, drinking and
carrying the water away.

These sulphur springs are more bountifully
supplied with sulphuretted hydrogen and car-
bonic acid gases than any other springs in the
country. In each gallon of water can be
found 96 cubic inches of sulphuretted hydro-
gen gas, and 36 cubic inches of carbonic acid
gas. The large amount of chloride of sodium,
ami the different forms of chloride of lime.
compounded with magnesia, renders the water
most valuable as a powerful anti-acid, acting
to cure dyspepsia, toning up the mucous mem-
brane of the sti >mach and intestines, and restor-
ing the, digestion. They start tin- torpid liver,
and pancreatic and intestinal action, restoring
the digestion, and acting as a mild laxative

and cathartic. The composition of the
water also shows' diuretic properties, to
the beneficial influence of which on the kid-
neys many testify. Thus we find we have a
mild cathartic refrigerant, diuretic anti-acid,
and an anti-septic water, to bless and benefit
mankind, as found in but few other localities.
The gaseous products found in one gallon of
water by analysis :

Sulphuretted hydrogen gas.... 96 cubic inches

Carbonic acid gas 24 cubic inches

White Sulphur Spring of Delaware — temperature
60 degrees, density 1.0026, total solids; gases — Sulphur-
etted hydrogen 96, carbonic acid gas 24.

The deposit resulting from the evaporation
of several gallons of water from the White
Sulphur Springs was as follows :

Chloride of Sodium 48 gr

Calcium Sulphate 8 gr.

Calcium Bicarbonate 20 gr.

Sulphate Magnesium 16 gr.

Bicarbonate Magnesium 8 gr.

Carbonate of Soda 5 gr.

The sulphuretted springs known as the
C. O. Little Springs, west of the city, con-
taining white and black sulphur, are equally
valuable, but have never been analyzed.

These sulphuretted waters, possessing these
mineral substances and abundance of gases,
can be readily distinguished from the others
by the odor as well as by drinking. Those
found in Europe, and in various parts of the
United States, are far inferior to those in out-
locality. Those in Virginia and in Pennsyl-
vania do not conform to these in power of
medicinal influence. The famous Harrogate
Sulphur Spring has a density of 1.01113, and
a temperature of 48 degrees. The celebrated
Clifton Springs, of New York, to which so
many go annually, do not compare with either
the White Sulphur Springs or the Odevene
Springs of Delaware, yet it is classed with
the leading mineral springs of the world.

CHAPTER II.

INDIAN OCCUPATION.

Prehistoric Races-

-The Red Race — The Delawares — Relations Between the Settlers and the
Indians — War of 1812 — Anecdotes.

Delaware County may have been the home
of man before the glacial period. There seems
to be evidence, at least, that Ohio was occu-
pied by human beings prior to this great geo-
logical epoch. Paleoliths have been found in
the Little Miami Valley similar and under
similar conditions to those unearthed by Dr.
Abbott in the glacial terraces of the Delaware
River. As to whether pre-glacial man ever
had a home in Delaware County, however, in
our present state of knowledge, could be
nothing more than a matter of profitless specu-
lation.

That the Mound-Builder lived here there
is abundant evidence. The State of Ohio it-
self, from the standpoint of pre-historic oc-
cupation, is one of the most interesting por-
tions of the entire globe. In no other equal
area have so many of the Mound-Builder's
works, consisting of fortifications, effigies,
mi >unds, etc., been found. On this point we
quote from the recent work of Gerard Fowke
on the "Archeological History of Ohio."
"The total number of mounds in Ohio has been
estimated at ten thousand. This is probably
under rather than over the correct figure: for
while they are almost unknown in the north-
western counties and are comparatively scarce
in some parts of the rugged hill lands of the
south and southeast and along the main water-
sheds, there is scarcely a township in any other
part where they are not found. In the neigh-
borhood of every stream in the southern half
of the State, except some of those flowing

through rough or swampy country, the sur-
face is so dotted with them that signals could
be transmitted from one to another for a hun-
dred miles or more. There is scarcely a point
along the Scioto below Circleville, or on either
Miami in the lower half of its course, or in the
valley of any tributary to these streams, where
one may not be within a few minutes' ride
of some permanent evidence of alxiriginal
habitation. The same is true of the Cuyahoga
and some other rivers belonging to the Lake
Erie basin. On the summits of steep hills ;
in bottom lands subject to overflow, on every
terrace bordering a stream; on plateaus and
uplands ; wherever there is cultivable or na-
turally drained land, a good point of observa-
tion, an ample supply of water, a convenient
topography for trails — the Mound-Builder has
left his mark. Even in places where it would
seem a nomad would not care to go, except
as led by excitement or the necessities of the
chase, and then for as brief a time as possible,
such evidence is not lacking of pre-historic
residence, or, at least, sojourning."'

"The most notable mounds in the State
are: The Serpent Mound, in Adams County.
which is more than a thousand feet in length ;
Fort Ancient, in Warren County, the length
of whose surrounding embankment is about
five miles, and estimated to contain '128.800
cubic yards of material: Fort Hill, in High-
land County, enclosing an area of thirty-five
acres ; Graded Way, in Pike County : and for-
tifications at Newark covering - over a thou-

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

sand acres. The largest mound in the State.
at Miami'sburg, is sixty-eight feet in height
and 800 feet in circumference at the base."

While Delaware County possesses none of
these more irryportant of the works of the
Mound-Builders, and while there is nothing
characteristic in the mounds and earthworks
found in the county to distinguish them from
those in many other parts of the State, yet there
are many interesting evidences that these peo-
ple once lived within the limits of the county.
In nearly every township are to be found
mounds and fortifications of various descrip-
tions, which, though fast becoming obliterated,
still remain to attest the activity of a people
whose character and history are shrouded in
the oblivion of the past. Many relics, such
as stone hammers, hatchets, flint arrow-heads,
spear-heads, pestles, pipes, and rleshers, have
been found at various times, and many inter-
esting collections have been made by citizens
of the county. In June of the year 1906, a
si >ciety known as The Delaware County Ar-
cheological and Historical Society was or-
ganized and incorporated by a number of citi-
zens who are interested in the collection and
perservation of relics of this character, as well
as in other matters pertaining to the archeo-
logy and history of the county, and there is
now in the possession of various members of
this organization a large number of relics
which, as soon as permanent quarters are se-
cured, will be open to the inspection of the
public. As illustrating something of the in-
terest which has been shown in matters of this
kind we append a list of the various articles
of archeological interest which have been col-
lected by several Delaware County citizens :

■j
-.

1
7

7
-

- 3

5 :

E«

<">

EC
I

1
-

X
V
O

1
u

z
u

82
5
8

.'.
in
111

10
19

1
20
63
80

15
lli
2

•>

16
9

rs
20

11
1

Ml
HI
20

isim
in.;i
250
5W.I
.1.
800
I'm

5
4

;i
.
5

3
2

H. E. Bmk

i> w. zaeler

HubIi McKay

ii5

1 1

In the Museum of the Ohio Wesleyan Uni-

versity there is also a large and very interest-
ing collection.

For the past quarter of a century little in
the way of archeological investigation has been
done in the county. There has been no sys-
tematic effort to investigate the various earth-
works that exist, and perhaps much that con-
cerns the character and habits of their build-
ers still lies hidden in the unexplored recesses
of the mounds themselves. The larger part
of the mounds within the county are to be
found in the southern portion and along the
Olentangy River. One of the most notable
is in the southwestern part of Orange Town-
ship on a farm now owned by Dr. Peasley. of
Columbus, and on the east bank of the Olean-
tangy. "It bears all the marks of having been
a fort, and with the river — and a large ravine
which enters the river at almost right angles —
forms a semicircle, or, more properly speaking,
a quadrant, and incloses something near ten
acres of ground. Several gateways, or open-
ings, in the wall surrounding it, which is of
earth, from five to eight feet high, are guarded
by mounds on the inside of the enclosure."
It is a misfortune that no scientific exploration
of this mound has ever been made as it would
undoubtedly be replete with interest for the
archeologist. On a farm belonging to A. E.
Goodrich, in Liberty Township, there is a
circular mound, perhaps forty or fifty feet in
diameter, which, until it had been largely ob-
literated by the cultivation of the land on which
it lies, was one of the most perfect works of
its kind to lie seen anywhere. There was an-
other mound on Mr. Goodrich's barn lot a
number of years ago, which has been entirely
removed. During the process of grading there
was found, some distance below the surface,
three skeletons in a good state of preservation.'
One of them was apparently that of a man
considerably above medium stature, while the
other two were smaller.

There is an ancient fortification located on
thi' cast side of the Olentangy about four
miles south of Delaware. Like the one farther
down the river, before mentioned as being
built at the intersection of a ravine with the
river, this one is likewise located between two

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

ravines at the point of their intersection, about
half a mile from the river, and could have
been intended for no other purpose than that
of defence. The embankment with the ditch
outside of it contains about twenty acres.
"The height of the embankment is now about
five feet from the bottom of the ditcli and the
embankment itself is about five hundred feet
in length, with an opening or gateway near
the southern extremity. There seems to have
been a line of fortifications extending all along
the river for considerable distance, perhaps all
the way to the Scioto and thence to the
Ohio." '

Mounds, mostly sepulchral, in addition to
those already mentioned, have been discovered
in various other parts of the county. In the
issue of the Delaware Herald for September
-'5' l &79> there is an account of a mound
which was evidently explored more thoroughly
than most of those which have been known to
exist here. "Saturday we were shown some
interesting relics consisting of a queen conch
shell, some isingglass (mica), and several
peculiarly shaped pieces of slate which were
found on the farm of Solomon Hill, Concord
Township, Delaware County, Ohio. The
mound is situated on the banks of a rocky
stream. The nearest place where the queen
conch shell is found is on the coast of Florida ;
the isingglass in New York State, and the
slate in Vermont and Pennsylvania. Two
human skeletons were also found in the mound,
one about seven feet long, the other a child.
The shell was found at the left cheek of the
large skeleton. A piece of slate about one by
six inches was under the chin. The slate was
provided with two smooth holes, apparently
for the purpose of tying it to its position. An-
other peculiarly shaped piece, with one hole,
was on the chest, and another with some ising-
glass was on the left hand." In an article pre-
pared by Mr. R. E. Hills, of Delaware, a num-
ber of years ago, for a former county history,
he calls attention to several other mounds
which have been located from time to time,
particularly one on the "Broom Corn Farm"
in Troy Township, and another in Porter. In
both of these many interesting relics have been

found. In more recent years some very inter-
esting discoveries were made by Mr. Burgher
on his farm in Radnor Township, and. like
most of the others, on the bank of a stream,
though, in this case, it was the Scioto instead
of the Olentangy. They consisted mostly of
human skeletons, together with some parched
corn evidently deposited with the body at the
time of burial.

In the article of Mr. Hills before alluded
to, he gives an account of the investigations
made in certain mounds in the eastern part
of the county, and, inasmuch as they constitute
about the only efforts of a strictly scientific
character to discover the important features
and contents of mounds within the county, we
deem it worth while to quote this part of the
article in full. "A mound near Galena was
recently opened by Prof. John T. Short, of
the Ohio University, under the direction and
for the benefit of the Peabody Museum of
American Archeology and Ethnology ; and we
are under obligations to Prof. F. \V. Putnam,
curator of the Museum, for the privilege of
using Prof. Short's report in this connection,
and to Prof. Short himself for kindly fur-
nishing a copy of his report for this pur-
pose."

He says: "In the month of August, 1879,
the writer, in company with Mr. Eugene Lane
and Air. David Dyer, opened three mounds
in Delaware County, Ohio. Two of these
formed part of a system of mound works situ-
ated on the estate of Jacob Rhodes, Esq.. in
Genoa Township. * * * The peninsula
or tongue of land situated between Big Wal-
nut Creek and Spruce Run is an elevated area
having nearly perpendicular sides, washed by
the streams over a hundred feet below. The
central figure, the mound A (referring to a
plate) stands within a perfectly circular en-
closure B, measuring nearly 570 feet around.
Now it is but about three feet higher than the
natural level, but formerly was ten feet higher.
Its present owner reduced it by plowing it
down. The trench is inside of the enclosure,
and no doubt furnished the earth for both the
embankment and the mound. Its present
width is twenty-seven feet, and it was formerly

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

about seven feet deep. The circle has an
opening about twenty feet in width on the east,
from which a graded way of about the same
width, and probably 400 feet in length — no
doubt of artificial construction — affords a de-
scent at an angle of about thirty degrees to
the stream below. On the north side of the
entrance and continuous with the embankment,
is a small mound measuring ten feet in dia-
meter and four feet in height. It may have
served as a point of outlook into the deep ra-
vine below, as from it alone the entire length
of the graded way is visible. A shaft six feet
in diameter was sunk in this mound to a depth
of four and one-half feet, but we discovered
nothing that could be removed. Charcoal, a
few calcined animal bones, and burnt clay, were
all that was found. The large mound situated
in the center of the enclosure, measured sev-
enty-five feet through its major axis and sixty-
eight feet through its minor axis. Its present
height is about twelve feet above the natural
level, though the distance to the bottom of
the trench is three or four feet or more. It
is probable that the mound was perfectly
round, as its symmetry has no d<>ul>t been de-
stroyed, in part, by the removal from its sur-
face of about twenty-five wagon loads of flat
sandstones (each a foot square, more or less,
and about three inches thick) for the purpose
of walling neighboring cellars. The stones
were brought from the ravine below and made
a complete covering for the mound. Extend-
ing out from the mound on the west, the re-

mains of a

i< >w

crescent-shaped platform.

twenty-five feet across at its greatest width.
are still visible. A small excavation was made
four years ago in the top of the mound, by the
son of the present owner, but the digging was
abandoned before any depth was reached or
anything was discovered. I excavated the
mound by causing a trench four feet wide to
be dug from the northern side of the mound
to its center. * * * A single layer of
flat stones, like those on the outside of the
mound, was found to start at the base and
to cover what at one time mu>t have been re-
garded as its finished surface. At the center
this inner layer of stones was situated about

three feet below the present surface of the
mi und. This was the only trace of stratifica-
tion observable in the structure and is sug-
gestive of the section given by Squier and
Davis to illustrate stratification in altar
mounds. Aside from this, the indications were
distinct that the earth had been dumped down
in small basket- or bag-fulls. This is con-
firmatory of the observations of Prof. E. B.
Andrews in the mounds of southern Ohio.
* * * On the undisturbed surface of the
ground, at the center of the mound, I un-
covered a circular bed of ashes eight feet in
diameter and about six inches in thickness.
The ashes were of a reddish clay color, except
that through the center of the bed ran a seam
or layer of white ashes — no doubt calcined
bones, as at the outer margin of the bed in
one or two instances the forms of the bones
was traceable, but so calcined that they pos-
sessed no consistency when touched or un-
covered. Ranged in a semicircle around the
eastern margin of the ash heap, were several
pieces of pottery, all broken, probably in the
construction of the mound or by its subsequent
settling. The pottery was exceedingly brittle
and crumbled rapidly after exposure. It was
almost impossible to recover any fragments
larger than the size of the hand, though a
couple of pieces were taken out which indi-
cated that the size of the vessel to which they
belonged was much larger than any which to
my knowledge have been taken from Ohio
mounds; it was probably twelve or fourteen
inches in height. The vessel was ornamented
with a double row of lozenge or diamond-
shaped figures. * * Although the dec-
oration on these vessels 1 produced by a pointed
tool before the clay was baked) indicated an
attempt at art of a respectable order, the ma-
terial employed was nothing more than coarse
clay and pounded sandstone — instead of
pounded shells, as is more frequentlv the case.
However, numerous fragments of finer work-
manship were taken out. Evidently an attempt
had been made to glaze the vessel. I could not
help being impressed with the thought that
the mound marked the site where cremation
or possibly sacrifice had been performed,

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

* * * About 300 yards southwest of the
mound just described are the remains of a
circular enclosure 300 feet in diameter. The
embankment has been reduced by plowing un-
til it is now scarcely two feet in height. The
precipitous sides of both the Big Walnut and
Spruce Run render an ascent at this point im-
possible. The circle is visible from the mound
and is possibly an intermediate link between
the mound and another system lying west at
a point two miles distant.

"On the estate of E. Phillips, Esq., one
mile south of Galena, in the same count}-, I
opened a mound of 165 feet in circumferance
and about four feet in height. * * * Xo
bones nor pottery were found. * * * Mr.
Dyer states that about a couple of years ago
a large mound, measuring seventy feet in dia-
meter and fifteen feet in height, constructed
entirely of stone, and situated on the farm of
Isaac Brimberger, three miles south of Ga-
lena, was partly removed by its owner fi >r the
purpose of selling the stone. Immediately
under the center of the mound and below the
natural level, a vault was discovered. The sides
and roof of the mound consisted of oak and
walnut timbers, averaging six inches in dia-
meter and still covered with bark. * * *
The timbers were driven perpendicularly into
the ground around the quadrangular vault
while others were laid across the top for a roof.
Over all the skin of some animal had been
stretched. Inside of the vault were the re-
mains, apparently, of three persons, one a child,
and fragments of a coarse cloth made of
vegetable fiber and animal hair. * * *
The preservation of the wood is due, probably,
to the presence of water, with which the vault
seems to have been filled."

Mr. Hills, in his able article, states the fol-
lowing conclusions with regard to the Mound-
Builders in Delaware County : "Our knowl-
edge of the other remains in the county is
meager, but enough is known to enable us to
classify it with the other counties bordering
the Scioto River to the Ohio. It appears to
have been near the northeast corner of the ter-
ritory of the race which occupied Ohio. Indi-
ana and Illinois, as the most of the permanent

works discovered have been south and west of
here, although many fine specimens of im-
plements have been found in Marion County.
north of Delaware."

As was previously stated, for many years
practically no effort at systematic investiga-
tion of the mounds, or any one of them, in
the county has been made, and little can be
added to what was set forth at the time Mr.
Hills prepared his article. In the year 1897
a visit was again made to the Galena mounds
by the curator of the State Museum and to
various other points of archeological interest
in the county, but his report contains little
that would add to the information already in
our possession. We give, however, the sum-
mary of the present knowledge possessed re-
garding the mounds and other matters of ar-
cheological interest relative to Delaware
County as it appears in the seventh volume of
the Ohio Archeological and Historical Socie-
ties' publications.

§1

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C3
O O

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_ L

5*3

Kingston..

1
1

3
1
4
ti

8
ti
1
3
i
2

Oxford

1
2

2
1

3
2

f
1

Thompson

TOTALS.. .

The Mound-Builders have long since passed
away. Aside from the earthworks which they
constructed and the relics found within them,
no source of information remains to us by
which to determine anything as to their char-
acter, history, or fate. Even the Indians
themselves had practically no traditions con-
cerning them. All the research and investi-
gation that has been made has led to no defi-
nite or reliable conclusions. Theories have
been propounded only to be discredited by

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

later discoveries. Whether the Mound-Build-
ers were a race distinct in themselves, ulti-
mately conquered and exterminated by the
Indians, or whether they were simply the pro-
genitors of the Indian tribes, are questions
which remain unanswered and are destined,
perhaps, always to be so.

THE RED RACE.

Of the successors to the Mound-Builders,
In iwever, considerably more is known. In-
deed it has not been much over a hundred
years since the only residents of Delaware
County were the red men, and a hundred years
is a period comparatively brief when we con-
sider the length of time that has elapsed since
the date where historical knowledge begins.
It is scarcely correct, however, to speak of
the Red Men as residents. The term implies
a more permanent attachment to a locality than
could be attributed to them. With their no-
madic habits, they were not long confined to a
single place, and we find the various tribes
wandering over widely extended areas.

When the white man first came to the Ohio
Valley he found a number of tribes inhabiting
the Northwest Territory. Among those which
are known to have been in the region which is
now Delaware County there were the Dela-
wares. Shawnees, Mingoes, Wyandots, Sene-
cas, and perhaps others. Since the first of
these have given the county its name, and are
known to have had a more permanent location
here than some of the others, it is not inap-
propriate to give some accounts of their char-
acter and history.

The Delawares took their name from the
Delaware River on the banks of which they
were located when first discovered by the Euro-
peans, and which, in turn, took its name from
Lord De la Wane, who first explored it.
Their real name, however, was Lenni Lenape.
While this name is usully interpreted to mean
"original men." it is stated by Drake in his
edition of Schoolcraft's book on the Ameri-
can Indians that the orthography does not
justify the assertion. "Lenni is 'the same as
Illini in the Illinois and Iiuiiui in the Chip-

pewa, the consonants / and n and the vowels
o and i being interchangeable in the Algonkin.
Lenape is in the same language, and, under the
same rule, the equivalent of inabi and iabi, a
male. The true meaning is "manly men" — a
name involving a harmless boast.

According to the traditions of the Lenni
Lenape, their organization antedated that of
most of the other Indian tribes. They regarded
themselves as having occupied in former ages
a pre-eminent position for prowess, valor and
wisdom. They pointed to a "Golden Age"
in the remote past when their claims to su-
periority over the other tribes was recognized
in the term "Grandfather," which these tribes
applied to them. The Iroquois were called
by the Lenni Lenape, "Uncle," which the Iro-
quois reciprocated by calling the Lenni Le-
nape, "Nephew." The other tribes were
called by them "Brother" or "Younger
Brother." When the Delawares were subdued
by the Iroquois in after years, these traditions
of their former greatness, from which they
had fallen, rested heavily in their memories.

It was a further tradition among the Dela-
wares that they had once occupied the western
part of the country, but, crossing the Missis-
sippi, had gradually moved eastward until they
had taken up a more permanent abode on the
river which gave them their English name. In
the course of their migration eastward they
bad exterminated the Allegans who occupied
the principal ranges of the Allegheny Moun-
tains. They had formed an alliance with the
Iroquois by whom they were afterward sub-
dued and reduced to "women." Whatever
truth there may have been in their traditions,
however, when the European settler came,
they were found on the banks of the Dela-
ware. The Dutch carried on a friendly traf-
fic with them, exchanging for the skins of
animals the superior products of European art
and manufacture.

In 1682 William Penn. the great Quaker,
who believed that the rules of justice applied
to dealings with the Indians as well as other
races, came to the American shore. Instead
of seeking to eject the Delawares from their
lands by sheer force of superior prowess, he

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

met them in friendly intercourse and negoti-
ated with them a treaty by which he bought
their lands, and by which both parties agreed
that the same moral law should apply to both
races alike. This treaty was kept unbroken by
the Delawares for sixty years. So favorable
was the impression made upon them by Penn's
fairness that the name "Quaker" came, with
them, to be synonymous with "good men."

At the time of the treat}- with I'enn, how-
ever, or shortly afterwards, the Delawares
were brought into subjection to the Iroquois.
At the Lancaster treaty in 1744. in the presence
of a large assembly of tribes, the Iroquois de-
nied the right of the Delawares to sell their
lands. "Canassatego, an Iroquois chief, up-
braided them in public council for some for-
mer act of this kind. Speaking in a strain of
mixed irony and arrogance, he told them not
to reply to his words but to leave the council
in silence. He peremptorily ordered them to
quit the section of country where they then
resided and to move to the banks of the Sus-
quehanna." Accordingly, the Delawares,
cowed into submission, left the banks of the
Delaware where their home had been for many
years and turned to the West, from which,
according to their traditions, they had formerly
come. It is said that at the opening of the
Revolution the Delawares shook off the Iro-
quois yoke and that, a few years later, at a
public council, the Iroquois admitted that they
were "no longer women."

The Delawares first settled on the Susque-
hanna, in their western migration. Here, how-
ever, they were subject to the constant in-
trusion of the white settlers, as well as the
aggressions of the Iroquois. Proceeding west-
ward they took up their abode along the
Muskingum, and later on the Auglaize in
Northwestern Ohio, and while here they took
part in the various wars which have been men-
tioned in the preceding chapter. They were
represented at St. Clair"s defeat and at the
battle of "Fallen Timber," and afterwards
participated in the treaty at Greenville. They
were faithful to the United States during the
War of 1812. resisting all the overture- of

the British to again take up arms against the
Americans.

From Ohio they removed to the White
River, a branch of the Wabash, in Indiana.
Later, as the advancing frontier of civiliza-
tion encroached upon their territory, they
ceded their lands and removed, for the most
part, to a tract in Missouri which had for-
merly been granted to them jointly with the
Shawnees by the Spanish. From here they
again migrated to Kansas, locating on the
Kansas and Missouri rivers. Finally, they re-
moved to Indian Territory, where they now
reside, and occupy a reservation in conjunction
with the Cherokee Nation. Their present
number is about 1.750. In the War of the
Rebellion the Delawares enlisted one hundred
and seventy-two men for the Union army, out
of a population of two hundred males. They
officered their own companies and made good
soldiers in every respect.

It was to the tribe of the Delawares that
the band of Moravian converts belonged,
wdiose shameful massacre at Gnadenhutten is
one of the foulest blots that stains the annals
of our early history. The Moravian Mission-
aries, Count Zinzendorf and Heckewelder. had
labored with great success among the Indian
tribes. Their first converts were made in New
York and Connecticut. Owing to the preju-
dice of the English, however, in 1747 the mis-
sion was transferred from Shickomico, in
Dutchess County. New York, to Bethlehem
on the Susquehanna. Here was established an
Indian colony, free from all the savage vices
that characterized the other Indian tribes.
They cultivated the land and abstained
from participation in the Indian wars

that raged

along the frontier from

Quebec to New Orleans. It was the
misfortune of these Delaware Indians
to fall under the suspicion of the English as
being in sympathy with the French. Their
doctrines of peace met with little response
from the other Indian tribes or even from the
rough white settlers on the border. In conse-
quence they were subjected to constant perse-
cution from both the whites and the red men.
Forced from the Susquehanna they took up

4 s

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

their abode on the waters of the Muskingum.
Here, as before, they addressed themselves to
the peaceful pursuits of agriculture and graz-
ing. They were allowed to remain unmolested
until the war for independence broke out.
When this occurred they found themselves be-
tween Fort Pitt and Detroit, a British and an
American stronghold. They could not under-
stand the struggle and refused to join the war-
like parties that passed through their territories
or to ally themselves with either of the belliger-
ent forces. Their attitude only served to create
suspicion. The white frontiersmen, accus-
tomed only to the savage side of the Indian
nature, could not understand that any other
could exist. The Indians themselves were, for
the most part, incapable of appreciating the
doctrines of peace and non-resistance believed
in and adhered to by these innocent .Moravian
converts. At length a Wyandot war party,
no doubt instigated by the white renegades,
Girty, Elliott and McKee, appeared on the
Muskingum and compelled the peaceful Dela-
wares to remove to Sandusky. Many of their
cattle and hogs were killed and the inhabitants
of three towns, numbering between three ami
four hundred, were removed, leaving behind
the fields which they had cultivated and the
homes and chapels which they had erected.

After living at Sandusky for a year the
Delawares were permitted to return to the
Muskingum. The settlers on the Monon-
gahela looked on this return as a hostile
movement. The British posts at the Maumee,
Detroit and Michilimacinac had not yet been
surrendered, and it was known that the Indian
tribes throughout the Northwest still mani-
fested tin- most bitter hostility towards the
white settlers, shown later by the fierce strug-
gles with St. Clair and Wayne. Almost any
kind of a pretext would have sufficed, how-
ever, to provoke an attack on the Moravians,
in view of the prejudice which existed against
them. On their return to the Muskingum a
company, headed by Colonel Williamson, de-
termined to exterminate them. Gnadenhutten,
Salem and one or two other settlements were
taken. "Cnder deceitful promises the Indi-
ans gave up all their arms, showed the whites

their treasures, and went unknowingly to a
terrible death. When apprised of their fate,
determined upon by a majority of the rangers,
they begged only time to prepare. They were
led two by two. the men into one and the
women and children into another 'slaughter-
house,' as it was termed, and all but two lads
were wantonly slain. * * * Some of
Williamson's men wrung their hands at their
cruel fate and endeavored, by all the means in
their power, to prevent it, but all to no pur-
pose."

It was shortly after this inhuman massacre
that the ill-fated expedition of Colonel Craw-
ford against the Wyandots took place. Per-
haps aroused to the fiercest spirit of revenge
by the massacre of their brethren, even though
they could not sympathize with their spirit, the
Wyandots apparently sought to wreak ven-
geance on Colonel Crawford and party. Alter
completely routing them and capturing Colonel
Crawford with a number of the party, they
burnt Colonel Crawford at the stake after sub-
jecting him to the crudest tortures that all
their devilish ingenuity could devise.

The Indians probably had several villages
within the present limits of Delaware County.
Little is known regarding any of them, how-
ever, beyond what is stated by Howe in his
History. Two villages are there mentioned
as having been located mostly within the pres-
ent limits of the City of Delaware and belong-
ing to the Delaware Nation. One of them
occupied the ground near what is now the east
end of William Street and on the Delaware
Run. It is probable that the spot on which
Monnett Hall now stands was once dotted with
Indian wigwams. The other village was in
the west end of the present city. A corn field
of 400 acres is said to have been cultivated.
There is also a tradition that a battle was once
fought on the Delaware Run between the
Delawares and the Shawnees. It is known that
the red men were attracted to the vicinity of
Delaware in vast numbers by the famous sul-
phur spring located on what is now the Uni-
versity campus. This spring was called "Medi-
cine Waters" by the Indians. There was also
a village belonging to the Mingoes located a

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

short distance north of Delaware in Troy
Township.

RELATIONS BETWEEN SETTLERS AND INDIANS.

Delaware County was included within the
territory ceded to the United States under the
terms of the famous Greenville treaty, made
"ii the 2nd of August. 1795. It was not long
after that time that the permanent location of
the Delawares and other tribes in Delaware
County ceased. 'With the coming of the white
man and the alienation of their title to the
land, they betook themselves further north to
the territory that was reserved for them. They
often visited the county afterwards, however,
h ) hunt and to fish in its streams, and to trade
with the white settlers, and many interesting
experiences with them were related by the
early pioneers. Their intercourse with the
whites was. almost without exception, of a
friendly character, though it is said that many
of the early settlers entertained towards them
an inveterate hatred and did not consider it
really criminal to kill them. "They brought
cranberries, maple sugar (sometimes mixed
with meal ) and molasses in coon-skins, to sell
to the whites. * * * Cranberries were a
great article of commerce with the Indians
and a drove of fifty ponies, laden with this
fruit, has been seen to pass through Delaware
at one time, going to Columbus and other
points south." They would resort to any de-
vice to satisfy their native thirst for "fire-
water." It is related that an Indian came late
one evening to the house of Colonel Byxbe.
Delaware's founder, and demanded that a keg
which he had with him should be filled with
whiskey. Mrs. Byxbe was the only occupant
of the house at the time. She went to the
room used as a bar ( the house itself being a
tavern ) . struck a light and suddenly dis-
covered that she was surrounded by aboul
twenty natives of the forest. On the promise
of the red men that they would leave the place
quietly, however, when the purpose of their
coming had been accomplished, the fearless
woman led the way to the cellar where she
4

filled their keg, after which they departed in
accordance with their proi

While Delaware Count}' was never the
scene of any of the great battles fought with
the Indian tribes, while it was never so much
as invaded by the red men with hostile pur-
pose, after the coming of the white settlers
yet the inborn savagery of the Indian nature
could not but be a source of constant appre-
hension to the pioneer so long as these natives
of the forest remained in close proximity to
bis settlements. As we have said, the inter-
course of the whites with _the Indians was, for
the most part, friendly; but, should circum-
stances arise to call it forth there was always
the danger that the white man might become
the prey of the Indian's uncurbed savagery.
An incident is related in the early history of
Troy Township illustrative of the dangers
which might arise. The Delawares and
Wyandots, who frequented the locality, sent a
war party into Pennsylvania to commit depre-
dations upon the inhabitants. Among others,
they captured a young white girl and started
for their camp on Clear Run in Troy Town-
ship. A part}- of whites, among whom were
two brothers of the captured girl, organized to
pursue them. They followed the Indians to
a point on the Olentangy River north 01
Delaware, where the old stone mill is situated,
but here they seemed to lose all trace of the
Indian band. ' They were about to give up
their pursuit as hopeless when one of the party
happened to notice smoke ascending above the
trees a mile or two farther north. Cau-
tiously approaching the spot they suddenly
came upon the savages and drove them into
the woods, rescuing the captured girl un-
harmed. This incident took place on what has
since been known as the Crystal Springs Farm,
owned by Air. Chauncy Hills.

\\ e have alluded to the hatred which many
of the early settlers entertained towards the
Indians. In this connection we quote two
incidents related in "Howe's History." "One
time, after the last war, a dead Indian was
seen floating down the Scioto on two logs,
lashed together, having his gun and all his
accoutrements with him. He had been shot

5°

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

and the people believed the murderer was
George Shannon, who had been in service
considerably during the war. and who one
time went out, not far from Lower Sandusky,
with a small company, fell in with a party of
warriors and had to retreat. He lingered be-
hind until he shot and killed one. As sm.hi
as he tired, several Indians sprang forward to
catch him alive, but, being swift on foot, he
could easily keep ahead, when he suddenly
came to an open field across which he had to
run or be cut off. The Indians gained the first
side just as he was leaping the fence on the
other, and fired at him, one ball entering his
hip. He staunched the blood by stuffing the
hole with a portion of his shirt, that they
might not track him, and crawled into the
brush, but they gave up the chase, thinking
they had not hit him, and being convinced of
his superior neetness. Shannon got into camp
and was conveyed home, but he was always
lame afterwards and fostered an unrelenting
desire for vengeance towards the whole race,
not excepting the innocent and the harmless.
"A^ late as 1820 two Indians were mur-
dered on Fulton's Creek (Thompson Town-
ship). A party came down there to hunt, as
was customary with them every fall, and Henry
Swartz ordered them off. They replied, "No,
the land belongs to the white man — the game
to the Indian." and insisted that they were
friends and ought not to be disturbed. A few
days after two of their number were missing,
' and they hunted the entire country over with-
out finding them, and at last found evidence
of human bones where there had been a fire,
and immediately charged Swartz with killing
and burning them. They threatened venge-
ance "ii him, and for several years he had to
be constantly on his guard to prevent being
waylaid. It was never legally investigated.
but the neighbors all believed that Swartz.
aided probably by Ned Williams, murdered
and disposed of them in the manner the Indi-
ans suspected, and at one time talked of driv-
ing them out of the settlement. Thev were
considered bad men and never prospered after-
wards."

When the war of 1812 broke out, there
was great apprehension on the part of the set-
tlers lest the county would be invaded by the
Indians. The county itself, being just south
of the Greenville treaty line, was one of the
border counties. Accordingly steps were im-
mediately taken by the inhabitants for its pro-
tection. There seems to have been at least
four block-houses erected within the limits of
the county. One of these was at Norton, one
in Kingston Township, another in Berlin
Township and another in Delaware. Inas-
much as it was nearest the border, the one at
Norton was, perhaps, of most importance, and
was the largest of any. It was known by the
name of Fort Morrow, and was built in a dense
fi nest unbroken for miles around. The fol-
lowing description will undoubtedly be of in-
terest.

"The fort consisted of two block-houses
situated short distance from each other, in
direction northeast by southwest. Between the
two was the brick tavern of Nathaniel Wyatt.
The whole was surrounded by a palisade of
strong oaken timbers substantially set in the
ground and then sharpened on the top. One
of the blockhouses was built by the citizens
of round logs. The first story was run up to a
height of about eight feet, and the second was
made to project over that of the first about
four feet. The floor of this projection had
small openings or port-holes thus enabling
those inside to better defend against a close
attack or attempt to set the structure on fire
by the besieging party. The upper story con-
tained embrasures so arranged that rifles
could be discharged in any direction. The door
was composed of three-inch plank, double
barred across and upright. To test it, a volley-
was fired into it at short range. In the story
below slept the children and above the grown
people stood sentry. The other was built by
the government and did not differ materially
from that built by the citizens, except that the
logs were hewn and the structure more com-
pactly built." The words "Fort Morrow"
were painted in great, red letters on one of the
logs in the southwest corner.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

The block-house in Kingston Township
was located at the intersection of the north and
south road, known as the Sunbury Road, with
the Mansfield Road, the place being known as
Starks' Corners. At the time of the war of
181 2, there were no settlements to the north
of the Kingston colony, and it was deemed ne-
cessary to take this precaution against pos-
sible incursions of the Indians. Its use never
became necessary, however, save at the time of
"Drake's defeat," when the settlers were scared
into it for a brief period.

"Drake's defeat" was in itself responsible
f( ir the erection of the block-house in Berlin
Township. After the panic caused by this
rather ludicrous incident, the settlers there de-
termined not to take chances for the future.
Accordingly there was erected just south of
where the roads cross near Cheshire, a struc-
ture of hewed logs, the building having two
stories the upper projecting over the lower,
and being forty feet square. The only aper-
ture in the lower story was closed by a door
made of a double thickness of three-inch
planks, barred and cross-barred. In the upper
story were rifle embrasures and convenient
openings in the floor of the projection which
could be used for defence in case of a close
attack. After the fort had been stocked with
ammunition and provisions it offered a compar-
atively secure retreat in the event of an attack
from hostle Indians. There was at least one
occasion on which most of the settlers betook
themselves to it for protection from an expected
onset, but the alarm proved to be groundless.
The structure was afterwards used as a school-
house.

The blockhouse in Delaware was located
(Hi the northeast corner of Sandusky and Wil-
liam Streets. The structure was not origin-
ally intended for a blockhouse, being a one-
story brick building which had been used for
a store. Around this a high palisade of strong
puncheons was constructed.

While it was no more than a matter of
reasonable precaution that these various
strongholds of defence should have been con-
structed, yet there seems never to have been
anv real occasion for their use. The known

hostility of certain tribes, however, and their
sympathy with the British, were amply suffi-
cient to give ground for the apprehensions of
the early settlers during the War of 1812.
Living as we do in an age when civilization has
long since thrust the red man far out to our
western country, and in large measure tamed
his savage nature, when it is difficult to even
imagine our locality as an unbroken forest
whose only human occupants were savages,
we perhaps cannot appreciate the real dangers
which our pioneer fathers encountered, and
the real fearlessness which they exhibited when
they took the first steps towards opening the
way for the advance of civilization. The dan-
gers, were, nevertheless, real, and their bravery
as great as that which has characterized any
effort ever put forth by human kind. Dela-
ware County was never actually invaded and
with the termination of the "second war for
independence" the fear of Indian incursions,
for the most part, ceased.

We have several times alluded to "Drake's
defeat." This event, famous in local annals,
was for years after its occurrence, mentioned
by the inhabitants of the county in much the
same manner as other localities will refer to
the time of their "great flood," or fire, or hur-
ricane, or some other equally disastrous visita-
tion. While, as it developed, the Indians were
in reality altogether innocent in the matter,
yet. since it would not have taken place had
it not been for the constant apprehension of
Indian depredations, the narrative of its oc-
curence would seem to properly belong in this
somewhat brief account of the relations which
the early settlers sustained towards the red
men.

After Hull's surrender in the War of 1812
there was nothing to prevent the Indians from
making hostile raids on the northern frontier.
Inasmuch as Delaware County was directly on
the border, there was, as we have already men-
tioned, ample occasion for dread on the part
of the settlers. Lower Sandusky was threat-
ened with attack, and a company was organ-
ized by Captain William Drake, in the northern
part of the county, to march to its assistance.
On their first night out they encamped a few

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

miles north of the settlement at Norton. Cap-
tain Drake was something of a practical joker.
It is probable, too, that he wished to test the
courage of his men. After the men had all
become securely wrapped in the embrace of
Morpheus he quietly stole out into the bushes.
Here he suddenly discharged his gun and came
running frantically into camp crying, "Indi-
an^! Indians!" at the top of his voice. A plat
of ground had been designated the night be-
fore on which the company would form in case
of attack. Here the more courageous of the
band attempted to draw themselves up in bat-
tle array to resist the coming onslaught, the
sentinels having previously taken up the cry
of Indians, supposing that the original alarm
proceeded from one of their own number.

Captain Drake, soon perceiving the con-
sternation and confusion into which his ruse
had thrown the company, and fearing that
they might all disgrace themselves by a pre-
cipitate flight, quickly proclaimed the hoax and
attempted to quiet the panic which he had
created. There was a lieutenant in the com-
pany, however, who, not waiting for any fu-
ture developments or willing to risk even the
chance of the most hasty investigations, took
to his heels with all the expedition which the
tear of being immediately scalped would na-
turally occasion. In his mad flight the shouts
of his companions attempting to recall him
were transformed by his imagination into
the blood-curdling warwhoop of Indian sav-
ages. As he increased the distance between
himself and the others who endeavored to re-
strain him, and the sound of their voices died
away, it was only so much evidence that they
had all succumbed to the tomahawk and scalp-
ing knife of the red men. This, at any rate, was
the story which he broughl to the Radnor set-
tle! i lent at which he arrived at daybreak, his
flight having taken him in this direction, al-
though he had intended to make for his home
south of the place where the company had en-
camped for the night.

The horrible tale of wholesale massacre
soon had its effect on the settler- at Radnor.
The community was thrown into a panic ami
preparations were begun for immediate flight.

The story was communicated by each one to
his neighbor, and. no doubt, lost nothing of
its grewsome details in the telling. On foot,
on horse-hack, in wagons, by any method that
offered the easiest and quickest means of
escape, the people lied from their impending
doom. The same scene was repeated in most
of the other settlements to which the news
of the "massacre" was communicated. The
mob of frenzied fugitives struck Delaware just
a little after sunrise. In their mad haste they
did it it take time to stop for the communica-
tion of details but simply cried out as they
rushed along, "The Indians are upon us!"
While great alarm was immediately manifested
in the village yet it is said that not a great
number of the villagers joined in the flight.
They at once betook themselves to the. forti-
fications, however, and took immediate steps
to put the community in a state of defence.
Set mts were sent out to ascertain the truth
of the reports. At Norton they found the
people quietly engaged in their usual occupa-
tions. It was too late, however, to reach many
of whose who had fled.

The demoralization spread to the eastern
part of the county. Most of the settlers, not
stopping to question the truth of the reports,
prepared for flight. Swollen streams and vari-
ous other obstacles, that, under ordinary cir-
cumstances would have seemed insurmount-
able, apparently offered no impediment to es-
cape. Women, ordinarily timid, under the ex-
citement of the hour, became brave as lions.
Many ludicrous stories are related of incon-
gruities on the part of the panic-stricken set-
tlers in the preparations they made for flight.
Articles of clothing and food were indiscrim-
inately jumbled together. One woman, after
wrapping a package of tallow candles in her
silk dress stowed it away in the bottom of a
wagon. The result can easily be imagined.
Another, after the panic was over, found a
hag containing pies, bread and various other
articles of food together with a pair of old
hoots, in a confused mass, stored away for
an emergency. A family named Penrv drove
so fast that they bounced a little boy. two or
three years old, out of the wagon, near Dela-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

ware, but did not notice it until they pro-
ceeded rive or six miles further in their flight.
They decided that it would be an unjustifiable
risk to return for him, however, and left him
to his fate. He fortunately escaped the In-
dian tomahawk as well as other dangers and
lived for many years. One woman, in her
hurry, forgot her babe ; and returning, grabbed
a stick of wood from the chimney corner,
leaving the babe quietly sleeping in its cradle.

Meanwhile Captain Drake and his' com-
pany proceeded quietly on their way to Lower
Sandusky, altogether unconscious of the
widespread demoralization and disaster of
which the captain's joke had been the innocent
cause. The whole incident would seem to us
m (w, perhaps, to savor more of the charac-
ter of a huge joke than as being of the nature
of a great calamity. A calamity, however, it
really was. In the hurried preparation of the
settlers for flight everything was left in the
wildest confusion. When they returned from
their mad stampede they found everything in
a disorder that required much time and pa-
tience for its restoration. Door and gate had
been left open, and thus free access to field and

larder had been given. Waste and devasta-
tion everywhere were the result and a burden
placed upon the settlers, ordinarily hard
pressed for even the necessities of life, which
they could ill afford to bear.

Moreover, so panic-stricken had many of
those who participated in the flight become
and so thoroughly frightened by the possible
dangers of living on the extreme frontier, that
they never even returned to the homes which
they had so hastily deserted. The larger por-
tion of those who "escaped" had fled to
Worthington or Franklinton, but many kept on
even so far as Chillicothe. The incident itself
gives us a striking illustration of the terrors
of border life and the strain which anyone
who had the bravery to face them must have
endured. It is easy to see only the ludicrous
side of the occurrence and to forget, in the
security of our civilized life, that the danger,
while only fancied in this instance, might as
easily have been real. Had there been no rea-
sonable possibility of an actual Indian massacre,
no report of that character could ever have
created such a panic.

CHAPTER. III.

SETTLEMENT OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY AND ORGANIZATION

OF THE STATE OF OHIO.

Boundaries Defined— Derivation of Title and Early Explorations— Achievement of George
Rogers Clark — State Cessions and Indian Treaties — Settlement — Indian Wars — St.
Clair's Defeat — Wayne's Campaign and Battle of Fallen Timber — Organization of the
Northwest Territory— Organization of the State of Ohio,

Delaware County is one of the civil sub-
divisions of the first State formed out of the
old Northwest Territory. Of itself it consti-
tutes but a small portion of that vast domain
which embraced within its limits all of the
present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Michigan and Wisconsin. Yet the history of
Delaware County cannot be properly written
without some account of the more important
events that concern the exploration, develop-
ment and organization of the territory as a
whole. Long before the first white man had
set foot on the soil of what is now Delaware
County, her destiny was being shaped by
events of even greater importance than any
that have transpired within her own borders;
and long prior to her organization as a county,
wars were being fought, treaties made, and
laws enacted through which alone her very ex-
istence was made a possibility. While the
present work contemplates particularly an ac-
counl of those events which are peculiar to
Delaware County as a separate civil subdivis-
ion of the State, and while the reader must Tie
referred to the larger and more pretentious
histories of the Northwest Territory and Ohio
for fuller information regarding them as a
whole, yet it is deemed necessary to a proper
understanding of the history of the county
to review some of the leading events that

characterized the development of the entire
domain, and to present, in outline, some of the
chief circumstances that have contributed to
the present condition of prosperity and power
occupied by this widely extended area. No
portion or our nation's history is more replete
with interest and importance.

Our purpose shall be, not so much to give
a consecutive account of events in the order of
their occurrence as to present, in outline, the
different lines of development that go, as a
whole, to make up the history of the state and
territory. The chief topics that will receive
consideration are: I. The derivation of the
title; 2, the settlement; 3, the various Indian
wars; 4, the organization.

DERIVATION OF TITLE.

The claims first asserted to lands in the
Western Hemisphere by European monarchs
were based on discoveries made by their sub-
jects. Accordingly we find all that vast re-
gion between the Allegheny and the Rocky
Mountains, originally known by the general
name of Louisiana, claimed by France, in con-
sequence of the explorations, chiefly, of Father
Marquette, a Jesuit missionary, and La Salle.
In 1673 Marquette, accompanied by M. Joliet,
starting from Mackinac, traced their way

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

southward from there to the Wisconsin River,
which they followed to its junction with the
Mississippi. They then descended the Missis-
sippi for a 1,000 miles, and, on their return to
Canada, urged in the strongest terms the im-
mediate occupation of this vast and fertile re-
gion watered by the Mississippi and its tribu-
taries. There are other accounts of the discov-
ery of the [Mississippi, but the one ascribing it
to Marquette seems to be the first that is au-
thentic.

Between the years 1678 and 1682 La Salle
with Father Hennepin, conducted a series of
explorations around the great lakes and along
the [Mississippi, going as far south as Peoria
Lake, Illinois. Here they erected a fort, after
which La Salle returned to Canada. Father
Hennepin explored the region now embraced
within the limits of Ohio and is said to have
published a volume containing an account of
his discoveries "in the country between New
Mexico and the frozen ocean," together with
maps of Lakes Erie, Huron and Michigan,
and a plat of the larger streams of Ohio. In
[683 La Salle went to France and induced
the French Government to fit out an expedi-
tion for the purpose of planting a colony at
the mouth of the Mississippi. The expedite in
failed completely, however. La Salle being
murdered by one of his own men.

The French still persisted in their efforts
to gain possession of this vast region, west of
the Alleghenies and the English colonies. Un-
der the command of M. DTberville a second
expedition sailed from France, entered the
mouth of the Mississippi (March 2, 1699),
and explored the river for several hundred
miles. A chain of trading, missionary and
military posts was ultimately established ex-
tending from New Orleans to Quebec by way
of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, and
thence, by way of Mackinaw and Detroit, to
Lakes Erie and Ontario. This route was aft-
erward shortened by following the Ohio River
to the Wabash, and then following the latter
upward and down the Maumee to Lake Erie.
The French colonies, increasing steadily in
numbers and strength, aroused the jealousy of
the English, who. to check their advancement,

formed what was known as the Ohio Com-
pany. This company made some attempts to
establish trading houses among the Indians.
The French, however, established a chain of
fortifications back of the English settlements
and thus secured to themselves the entire con-
trol of the Mississippi Valley.

Inasmuch as this same territory was
claimed by the English Crown, it is necessary
to consider the basis of the rights which she
asserted. Her chief ground for claiming title
to the territory west of the Alleghenies. was a
treaty made with the Six Nations in the Ohio
Valley. It was claimed that these nations had
placed their lands under the protection of the
British Crown. It was further asserted that in
1744 the British had purchased lands of these
Six Nations by treaty at Lancaster, Pennsyl-
vania. In 1748 the Ohio Company, organized
by a number of Virginians and Londoners, ob-
tained a charter from the British Government
with a grant of 6,000 acres of land on the Ohio.
The English, reverting to the times of the Ca-
bots, claimed that by right they held the entire
country from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
bounded by the parallels of latitude defining
their Atlantic Coast settlements. Inasmuch
as France claimed the region drained by the
Mississippi and its tributaries, together with
the Great Lakes and their tributaries. Ohio
was within the disputed territory. When the
surveys for the lands of the Ohio Company
were begun, the Governor of Canada entered
a vigorous protest by establishing the line of
forts to which we have before alluded. The
dispute over this territory between the French
and English was finally settled by the treaty
following what is familiarly known in history
as the French and Indian War. By the terms
of that treaty, made in Paris in 1763. the
British Crown came into undisputed possession
of all the vast territory northwest of the
Ohio.

The territory included within the present
limits of Ohio, together with the entire do-
main northwest of the Ohio River of unknown
extent, was originally claimed by Virginia.
Her title rested upon three grants fr< im the
British Crown. The first charter was granted

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

in j 606 by James I. to Sir Thomas Gates, Sir
George Somers and others, authorizing them
to establish two colonies, the first being known
in history as the "London Company," and the
second as the "Plymouth Company." The
grant to the London Company covered a strip
of sea coast fifty miles broad between the 34th
and 41st parallels. In 1606 King James
granted a second charter to the London Com-
pany. The territorial limits of the first char-
ter were extended to embrace the whole sea-
coast, north and south, within two hundred
miles of Old Point Comfort, extending "from
sea to sea, west and northwest." A third
charter, granted in 16 12, annexed to Virginia
all the islands within three hundred leagues of
the coast.

Virginia, however, was not undisputed in
her assertion of title to the whole of this ex-
tensive region. Both Connecticut and Massa-
chusetts claimed portions of the territory. In
[662 Charles II. granted to certain settlers
upon the Connecticut all the territory between
the parallels of latitude which include the pres-
ent State of Connecticut, from the Atlantic to
the Pacific oceans. The claims of Massachu-
setts were founded on a similar charter
granted thirty years later. New York also
had claims which she asserted.

ACHIEVEMENT OF GEORGE ROGERS CLARK.

By the treaty of peace, signed at Paris,
September 3, 1783, the claims of the English
monarch to the whole of the northwest terri-
tory were ceded to the United States. "The pro-
visional articles which formed the basis of the
treaty, more especially as related to boundary,
were signed al Paris, November 30, [782. Dur-
ing the pendency of the negotiation of these
preliminary articles. Mr. Oswald, the British
commissioner, proposed the River Ohio as the
western boundary of the United States, and but
for the indomitable perseverance of the Revo
lutionary patriot, John Adams, one of the
American commissioners, who opposed the
proposition, and insisted upon the Mississippi
a> the boundary, the probability is that the
proposition of Mr. Oswald would have been

acceded to by the United States Commission-
ers." That the British were prevented from
making a reasonable claim to the territory
northwest of the Ohio was due, in large meas-
ure, to the fact that this extensive domain was
wrested from their hands during the Revolu-
tionary war through the valor and foresight
of General George Rogers Clark. On the out-
break of the Revolution he saw through the
whole plan of the British who held all the out-
posts. Kaskaskia, Detroit, Vincennes and Ni-
agara. It was the hope of the British that b)
means of these outposts they might encircle
the Americans anil also unite the Indians in
a common war against them. Clark knew
that many of the Indian tribes were divided
in their feeling or but indifferent in their sup-
port of the British. He conceived the idea
that if the British could be driven from their
outposts, the Indians could be easily awed into
submission or bribed into neutrality or friend-
ship. Acting upon this theory, and first en-
listing the support of Patrick Henry, then
governor of Virginia, he organized an expe-
dition which was entirely successful in wrest-
ing control of the country west of the Ohio
from the British. To him, as well as to John
Adams, is due unlimited credit for the fact
that the Ohio River was not made the bound-
ary between Canada and the United States.

STATE CESSIONS AND INDIAN TREATIES.

At the close of the Revolutionary war, the
title to the British possessions having passed
to the several colonies, each one, as a sov-
ereign and independent state, claimed the
right of soil and jurisdiction over the lands
which had been originally granted it in its
charter. As we have already observed, sev-
eral states laid claim to portions of the vast,
unappropriated tracts northwest of the Ohio.
It was insisted by those states whose char-
ters gave them no claims to any portion of
this territory that inasmuch as the entire de-
main had been won from the British by the
united efforts of all the colonies, the lands
themselves should be approprated for the bene-
fit of all the states. It was repeatedly urged

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

upon the states themselves which claimed
ownership in these lands, that they should cede
them for the common benefit of all. Respond-
ing to this demand the State of Virginia, on
March i. 1784. ceded to the United States
her claims to ownership and jurisdiction over
the entire part of the country embraced in her
charter lying northwest of the Ohio. She
made a condition, however, that in case the
lands King south of the Cumberland river
were not sufficient to satisfy the bounties in
land which she had issued to her soldiers dur-
ing the Revolutionary War, then this de-
ficiency was to be made up out of lands in this
territory, lying between the rivers Miami and
Scioto. The jurisdiction over all the land,
In 'wever, passed to the United States. Like-
wise Connecticut, on September 13, 1786, re-
linquished to the United States all her claims
to lands lying within this same territory, with
the exception of the tract known as the West-
ern Reserve. This she deeded to the United
States May 30. 1800. The president, how-
ever, immediately conveyed the fee of the soil
to the governor of the State for the use of
grantees and purchasers claiming under her,
similar to the manner in which Virginia had
also been allowed the fee of the soil in a cer-
tain portion to satisfy her military warrants.
Massachusetts and New York also gave up
their claims, thus giving to the United States
a clear title to the whole of this vast region
in so far as it had been claimed by European
p' iwers.

There still remained, however, the claims
of the Indians to the lands as the original pos-
sessors of the soil. It was necessary that these
should be disposed of before the white settlers
could- rightfully take possession. Accordingly
a treaty was made with the Six Nations, em-
bracing the Mohawks, Onondagas, Senecas,
Cayugas. Oneidas and Tuscaroras, at F >rt
Stanwix. October 27, 1784. By the terms of
this treaty, all the lands west of a line drawn
from the mouth of Oswego Creek, about four
miles east of Virginia, to the mouth of Buffalo
Creek and on to the northern boundary of
Pennsylvania, thence west along that boundary
to its western extremity, thence south to the

Ohio River, were ceded to the United States.
There were other Indian nations, however, lie-
sides those mentioned, who also asserted own-
ership over this territory. They included the
Wyandot, Chippewa, Delaware and Ottawa
Nations. With these also the United States
made a treaty at Fort Mcintosh on the 21st
day of January. 1785. By this treaty the
boundary line between the United States and
the Wyandot and Delaware Nations was de-
clared to begin "at the mouth of the river
Cuyahoga and to extend up said river to the
Portage, between that and the Tuscaroras
branch of the Muskingum, thence down that
branch to the crossing-place above Fort Laur-
ens, then westerly to the Portage of the Big
Miami, which runs into the Ohio, at the mouth
of which branch the fort stood which was
taken by the French in 1752; then along said
Portage to the Great Miami, or Omee River,
and down the south side of the same to its
mouth; then along the south shore of Lake
Erie to the mouth of the Cuyahoga River,
where it began." "The United States allotted
all the lands contained within said lines to the
Wyandot and Delaware Nations, to live and
hunt on, together with such of the Ottawa
Nations as lived thereon, saving and reserving
for the establishment of trading posts, six
miles square at the mouth of the Miami or
Omee River, and the same at the Portage, on
that branch of the Big Miami which runs into
the Ohio, and the same on the Lake of San-
dusky where the fort formerly stood, and also
two miles square on each side of the Lower
Rapids of the Sandusky River." This treaty
was afterwards renewed and confirmed by
Governor St. Clair, and the Wyandot, Chip-
pewa, Pottawatomie, and Sac Nations at Fort
Harmar in 1789.

On the 3rd of August, 1795, a treaty was
made with the Delawares, Ottawas, Pottawat-
omies and Eel River Indians by General
Wayne after the close of his successful cam-
paign against them. The basis of this treaty
was the previous one at Fort Harmar, the
boundaries made at that time being reaffirmed,
and the whites secured on the lands now oc-
cupied by them or granted by former treaties.

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

This treaty marked the close of the Indian
wars.

A treaty was made with the Indians at
Fort Industry, on the present site of Toledo,
in 1805, by which the United States acquired,
fi ir the use of the grantees of Connecticut, all
that part of the Western Reserve which lies
west of the Cuyahoga. The lands west of
Huron and Richland Counties, and north of
the Indian boundary line fixed by Wayne's
treaty at Greenville, to the western limits of
Ohio, were purchased by the United States in
1 8 18 by a treaty made at St. Mary's. The
lands ceded at this time were called the New
Purchase. Certain reservations were made
within the purchased tracts to the Delawares,
Wyandots, Senecas, etc., which were subse-
quently ceded to the United States, the last
by the Wyandots in 1842, they then being the
only Indian tribe left within the State. Thus
through a long series of explorations, wars
cessions and treaties has the title of the
United States to lands of Ohio been derived.
The organization of the Northwest into a ter-
ritorial subdivision and the subsequent forma-
tion and admission to the Union, of the State
of Ohio, has been reserved for later considera-
tion.

SETTLEMENT.

The first English attempt at settlement of
winch we have any record, within the present
limits of the State of Ohio, was at a point in
Shelby County on Loramie Creek, about six-
teen miles northwest of the present city of
Sidney, and since known by the name of
Loramie's Store. Here some English traders
established themselves about the year 1749,
and gave it the name of Pickawillany from
the tribe of Indians there. The settlement
however, was doomed to he of short duration.
As we have heretofore seen, this location was
clearly within the limits claimed bv the
French, and immediately aroused them to
action. They could not endure so evident an
invasion of their country, and gathering a
force of the Ottawas and Chippewas, their
allies, they attacked the fort in June, 1752,

having first demanded its surrender of the Mi-
ami-, who had granted the English the priv-
ilege of its erection. In the battle that ensued,
fourteen of the Miamis were slain and all of
the traders captured. They were either burned
or taken to Canada as prisoners.

The real history of the occupation of Ohio
by English settlers begins with the settlement
at Marietta, on April 7, 1788. We have al-
ready traced the various steps by which the
title to the lands became vested in the United
States, and through which alone the settlers
could be secure in their possession. The final
cession by the various states claiming rights in
the northwest territory, to the Central Govern-
ment, was the occasion for the formation of
various land companies in the East, having for
their purpose the settlement of this western
d iuntry. The Ohio Company, before men-
tioned, emerged from the past and again be-
came active. In the year 1786 Benjamin Tup-
per, a Revolutionary soldier, and General Ru-
fus Putnam, circulated a pamphlet proposing
the formation of a company for the purpose of
settling the Ohio lands. It invited all those
interested to meet in February in their respec-
tive counties and choose delegates to a conven-
tion to be held at the "Bunch of Grapes"
Tavern in Boston on March 1, 1786. The
purpose was to be the formation of a company
and the adoption of definite plans for establish-
ing a settlement in the Ohio Valley. On the
day appointed eleven persons appeared, an out-
line was drawn up, and subscriptions began at
once. The principal features of the plan were
as follows: "A fund of $1,000,000, mainly
in continental certificates, was to be raised for
the purpose of purchasing lands in the western
country, there were to be 1000 shares of $1000
each, and upon each share $10 in specie were to
be paid for contingent expenses. One year's
interest was to be appropriated for the charges
of making a settlement and assisting those un-
able to move without aid. The owners of
every twenty shares were to choose an agent
to represent them and attend to their interests,
and the agents were to choose the directors.
The plan was approved, and in a year's time
from that date the company was organized."

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

On the 8th of March. 1787. a meeting of
the agents chose General Parsons, General Ru-
fus Putnam and Rev. Manassah Cutler, direc-
tors for the Company. The selection of Ma-
nassah Cutler was extremely fortunate for the
success of the enterprise, as few men could
have been better fitted, both in character and
ability, to conceive and execute a project of
such importance as this would prove to be. A
contract was made with the Treasury Board by
Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, as agents for
the Board of Directors of the Ohio Company,
on October 27, 1787, by which there was con-
veyed to the company a vast region bounded
on the south by the Ohio River, west by the
Scioto, east by the seventh range of townships
then surveying, and north by a due west line
drawn from the north boundary of the tenth
township from the Ohio direct to the Scioto,
for the consideration of $1 per acre. Later,
in 1792, the boundaries of the purchase were
fixed as follows: The Ohio on the south, the
seventh range of townships on the east, the
sixteenth range on the west, and a line on the
north so drawn as to make the grant 750,000
acres, besides reservations, this grant being
the portion which it was originally agreed the
company might enter into at once. In addition
J 14.285 acres were granted as army bounties,
and 100,000 acres as bounties to actual settlers.
While these preliminary arrangements for the
occupation of the new territory were being
carried out, Congress was likewise providing
a plan for its government. The famous in-
strument known as the Ordinance of 1787. un-
der which the first organization of the terri-
tory was effected, was passed on July 13th of
that year, but of it we shall speak more in de-
tail later on.

In the winter of 1787 General Rufus Put-
nam and forty-seven pioneers proceeded as far
as the mouth of the Youghiogheny River,
and, having built a boat for transportation
down the Ohio, proceeded in the spring to the
mouth of the Muskingum, where they landed
on the 7th of April, 17S8. Fort Harmar had
previously been built at the mouth of the Mus-
kingum, and it was on the opposite side of this
river that the pioneers established their settle-

ment which they later called Marietta, in h
of Marie Antoinette.

This was the first permanent settlement es-
tablished within the limits of Ohio. An at-
tempt at settlement within the limits of Ohio
had been made in April, 1785, at the mouth of
the Scioto on the present site of Portsmouth
by four families from Redstone. Pennsylvania.
Difficulties with the Indians, however, com-
pelled its abandonment. With regard to this
first occupation of the soil of Ohio, George
Washington wrote: "No colony in America
was ever settled under such favorable auspices
as that which has commenced at the Mus-
kingum. Information, property, and strength
will be its characteristics. I know many of the
settlers personally and there never were men
better calculated to promote the welfare of
such a community."

Soon after their arrival the settlers be-
gan the erection of a stockade fort, which oc-
cupied their time until the winter of 1791 .
During the early years of the settlement, how-
ever, the Indians were friendly, no hostilities
being experienced. One of the pioneers de-
scribes the progress of the colony during its
first year as being all that could be expected,
arrivals coming faster than provision could be
made for them. By the close of the year 1 790
eight settlements had been made within the
Ohio Company's purchase, two at Belpre, one
at Newbury, one at Wolf Creek, one at Duck
Creek, one at the mouth of Meigs' Creek, one
at Anderson's Bottom, and one at Big Bot-
tom.

Not long after the grant of lands was
made to the Ohio Company, John Cleves
Symmes, of New Jersey, contracted with the
Treasury Board for the purchase of a large
tract of land lying between the Great and Lit-
tle Miami Rivers. The terms of his purchase
were similar to those of the Ohio Company.
In July. 1788. he got together thirty people
and eight four-horse wagons who started for
the West. After meeting with Mr. Stites and
a company from Redstone, Pa., they pro-
ceeded, under his leadership, to the mouth of
the Little Miami, where they arrived before
the 1st of January. 1789, and located on a

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

tract of 10.000 acres which Stites had pur-
chased from Symmes. This settlement, which
they named Columbia and which was located
about five miles above the site of Cincinnati.
was the second settlement within Ohio terri-
tory.

In 1788 Mathias Denman purchased of
Symmes a tract of land opposite the Licking
River, and, in company with Robert Patterson
and John Filson, to each of whom he sold a
third interest in his purchase, projected the lo-
cation of a town on the present site of Cincin-
nati. There is some uncertainty as to the ex-
act time when a settlement was first made here.
but it seems to have been late in 1788 or early
in 1789. Symmes himself had contemplated
building his main town at North Bend, near
the mouth of the Great Miami. The fact,
however, that this point, as well as Columbia,
suffered severely during a great flood which
occurred in 1789, while Losantiville, as Cin-
cinnati was then called, escaped, had much to
do with the fact that the latter soon out-
stripped the others in its growth. Ensign
Luce, who had been commissioned by General
Harmar to establish a fort, decided that North
Bend was not a suitable location for that pur-
pose, and, contrary to the wishes of Symmes,
selected Losantiville. Fort Washington was
thus established here. About the 1st of Janu-
ary. Governor St. Clair organized the county
of Hamilton and constituted Cincinnati its
seat of justice. The settlement at once began
an active growth, outstripping that of all the
others in the Ohio Valley.

At the time Dr. Cutler secured the grant
of lands for the Ohio Company, he likewise
secured a large additional tract, as he him-
self writes, "for private speculation, in which
many of the prominent characters in America
are concerned: without connecting this specu-
lation, similar terms and advantages could not
have been obtained for the ( )hi<> Company."
A company was at once formed known by the
name of The Scioto Land Company, which
contracted with Cutler and Sargent on behalf
of the Ohio Company for a tract of land west
and north of the Ohio Company's purchase.
Joel Harlow was senl to Europe, as the ;

of the company, to make sales of the lands thus
contracted for. He sold parts of the land to
companies and individuals in France. It de-
veloped, however, that the lands which Barlow
had presumed to sell were included within the
Ohio Company's purchase, and that the pur-
chasers were without title. In ignorance of
tin'-, fact, however, two hundred and eighteen
of these purchasers sailed from Havre de
Grace, in France, on the 19th day of Febru-
ary, 1791, and arrived in Alexandria, D. C,
■ m the 3rd of May following. On their ar-
rival they proceeded to Marietta, where fifty
of them landed, the remainder going to the
present site of Gallipolis. which the agent of
the campany assured them was within their
purchase. Prior to their arrival General Put-
nam had had the site cleared and buildings
erected for their reception. As before stated,
however, the lands to which alone they could
lay any claim, were still farther to the West.
Morei iver, the Scioto Land Company, by hav-
ing failed to make good the payments on its
contract, forfeited its title to the land which it
had purchased, thus leaving the settlers them-
selves without any vestige of title. These set-
tlers, unlike the hardy pioneers who came,
from New England, were little accustomed to
toil or to the privations of frontier life. Their
condition was pitiable in the extreme and many-
gave up in despair, some seeking homes in the
East and a few returning to France. Every
effort to secure titles to the lands on which they
had settled having failed, they petitioned Con-
gress for assistance and in June. 1798, a grant
was made to them of land on the Ohio above
the mouth of the Scioto River. The tract in-
cluded 24,000 acres and is known as the
French Grant.

During the progress of the various cam-
paigns against the Indians, conducted succes-
sively by General Harmar. General St. Clair.
and General Wayne, and of which some ac-
count will be given later, the settlement of
( )hio was interrupted to a large extent. Prior
to the treaty made with the Indians by Gen-
eral Wayne in 1795. however, a start had been
made in several counties, in addition to those
in Washington and Hamilton counties already

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

mentioned. The settlement at Gallipolis has
already been described. There were also small
settlements in Adams.. Belmont and Morgan
Counties. They were block r hi mse settlements
and were in a continual state of defence. The
first was settled in the winter of 1790-91 by
General Nathaniel Massie, near where the
town of Manchester now is. This was the
first settlement within the bounds of the Vir-
ginia Military District and the fourth in the
State. In spite of the dangers due to the hos
tility of the Indians, it continued to grow and.
in two years after peace was declared, Adams
County was constituted by order of Governor
St. Clair.

During the Indian war a settlement was
commenced near the present town of Bridge-
port in Belmont County, by Captain Joseph
Belmont, a noted officer of the Revolutionary
War. Shortly afterwards a fort, called Dil-
lie's Fort, was built on the Ohio, opposite the
mouth of Grave Creek. In 1794 a company of
men located on the present site of Hamilton
in Butler County. The town was first laid
out under the name of Fairfield. These were
about all the settlements begun prior to the
close of the Indian War and they were, fi ir the
most part, of a temporary character and main-
tained only at constant risk and great loss of
life. With the termination of the war. how-
ever, and the cessation of Indian hostility emi-
gration took a new impetus, and from that
time the growth of the State's population was
constant and vigorous.

Early in the spring of 1796 the first set-
tlement was begun in Montgomery County.
The town of Dayton was laid out in Novem-
ber of 1795. It was within the tract originally
covered by Symmes' purchase. Judge Symmes,
having been unable to pay for his purchase,
the land reverted to the government and the
settlers found themselves without title. Con-
gress, however, came to their aid. permitting
them to enter their lands at the regular gov-
ernment price.

It was likewise in 1796 that the first settle-
ments were made in the Western Reserve.
The mouth of the Cuyahoga River had always
been considered an important place in the

West and destined to become a great commer-
cial mart. A corps of surveyors laid out the
town of Cleveland in September, 179'). It
was named in honor of General Moses Cleave-
land, the agent of the land company which
had made large purchases in the Western Re-
serve along the Cuyahoga River. Mahoning
County was settled about the same time, as
were also the counties of Ashtabula, Ross,
Licking, Madison, Trumbull, and Warren. In
a sketch of such a limited character as this we
cannot pursue the history of the individual set-
tlements further. It was not long until the set-
tlers had penetrated to every portion of the
State, clearing the land, starting industries of
various kinds, and preparing the way for the
marvelous prosperity which has ever since
characterized the history of the Common-
wealth.

INDIAN WARS.

Ohio has had its full share of conflict with
the various tribes of Indians which were the
original possessors of its soil. Being the first
State in the Vast region northwest of the Ohio
River within whose limits settlement by the
English was begun, it naturally became the
scene of the early struggles through which
the savage tribes were subdued and the land
made possible of habitation for the white man.
While we have given, in tracing the deriva-
tion of the title to the lands, the various Indian
treaties which formed a link in that title, we
have reserved for statement, here, a brief ac-
count of the wars which led up to the making
of these treaties, or their enforcement. With
regard to the wars which took place prior to
the organization of the government of the
territory, we quote the concise account given
in Howe's History :

"After Braddock's defeat in 1755 the In-
dians pushed their excursions as far east as
the Blue Ridge. In order to repel them, M;
Lewis, in January, 1756, was sent with a party
of troops on an expedition against the Indian
towns on the Ohio. The point apparently
aimed at was the upper Shawanese town, situ-
ated on the Ohio, three miles above the mouth

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

of the Great Kanawha. The attempt proved
a failure, in consequence, it is said, of the
swollen state of the streams and the treachery
of the guides. In 1764, General Bradstreet.
having dispersed the Indian forces besieging
Detroit, passed into the Wyandot country by
way of Sandusky Bay. He ascended the bay
and river as far as it was navigable for boats,
and there made a camp. A treaty of peace
was signed by the chiefs and head men. The
Shawnees of the Scioto River and the Dela-
wares of the Muskingum, however, still con-
tinued hostile. Colonel Boquet, in 1764. with
a body of troops, marched from Fort Pitt into
the heart of the Ohio country on the .Mus-
kingum River. This expedition was con-
ducted with great prudence and skill and
with scarcely any loss of life. A treaty of
peace was effected with the Indians, who re-
stored the prisoners they had captured from
the white settlements. The next war with the
Indians was in 1774, generally known as Lord
Dunmore's. In the summer of that year an
expedition under Colonel McDonald was as-
sembled at Wheeling, marched into the Mus-
kingum country, and destroyed the Indian
town of Wapatomica, a tew miles above the
site of Zanesville. In the fall the Indians were
defeated after a hard-fought battle at Point
Pleasant, on the Virginia side of the Ohio.
Shortly after this event Lord Dunmore made
peace with the Indians at Camp Charlotte, in
what is now Pickaway County.

"During the Revolutionary War most of
the western Indians were more or less united
against the Americans. In the fall of 1778
an expedition against Detroit was projected.
An a preliminary step it was resolved that the
forces in the West, under General Mcintosh,
should move up and attack the Sandusky In-
dians. Preliminary to this. Fort I. aureus, so
called in honor of the I 'resident of Congress,
was Innlt upon the Tuscarawas, a short dis-
tance below the site of Bolivar, Tuscarawas
County. The expedition to Detroit was aban-
doned, an. I the garrison of Fort Laurens, after
suffering much from the Indians and from
famine, was recalled in August, 1771;. A
month or two previous to the evacuation of

this f< 'it Colonel Bowman headed an
expedition against the Shawnees. Their
village, Chillicothe, three miles north of
the site of Xenia, on the Little Mi-
ami, was burned. The warriors showed an
undaunted front and the whites were forced to
retreat. In the summer of 1780 an expedition
directed against the Indian towns in the forks
ot the Muskingum, moved from Wheeling
under General Broadhead. This expedition,
known as the 'Coshochton campaign,' was
unimportant in its results. In the same sum-
mer General Clark led a body of Kentuckians
against the Shawnees. Chillicothe, on the
Little Miami, was burnt on their approach,
but at Piqua. their town on the Mad River,
six miles below the site of Springfield, they
gave battle to the whites and were defeated.
In September, 1782, this officer led a second
expedition against the Shawnees. Their
towns, Upper and Lower Piqua, on the Miami,
within what is now Miami County, were de-
stroyed, together with the store of a trader

"There were other expeditions into the In-
dian country, which although of a later date,
we mention in this connection. In 1786 Col-
onel Logan conducted a successful expedition
against the Mackachack towns, on the head
waters of Mad River, in what is now Logan
County. Edwards, in 1787, led an expedition
to the head waters of the Big Miami, and, in
17SN. Todd led one into the Scioto Valley.
There were also minor expeditions at various
times into the present limits of Ohio.

"The Moravian missionaries, prior to the
war of the Revolution, had a number of mis-
sionary stations within the limits of Ohio.
The missionaries, Heckewelder and Post, were
on the Muskingum as • early as 1762. In
March, 1782, a party of Americans, under

Colonel Williamson, murdered, in cold bl 1.

ninety-four of the defenceless Moravian In-
dians, within the present limits of Tuscarawas
O unity. In the June following. Colonel Craw-
ford, at the head of about 500 men, was de-
feated by the Indians three miles north of the
site of Upper Sandusky, in Wyandot County.
He was taken prisoner and burnt at the stake
with horrible tortures."

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

Although by the various treaties which we
have heretofore mentioned, the English had
secured title to the lands northwest of the
Ohio, yet the Indians did not take kindly to
the coining of the white settlers, and it was
not long after their arrival that they began
to show themselves hostile. That they were
instigated, in some measure, by the British,
cannot be doubted. Much could be traced to
the malicious influence of the British superin-
tendent of Indian affairs. Colonel McKee, his
assistant. Captain Elliott, and the notorious
white renegade. Simon Girty. A treaty con-
firming the former one made at Fort Mcin-
tosh, was made with the Indians at Fort Har-
mar in the year 1789. It had little effect, how-
ever, in staying Indian hostilities. In 1790
a company of 36 men went from Marietta to
a place on the Muskingum known as Big Bot-
tom. In view of the apparent unfriendliness
of the Indians, the postponement of the set-
tlement was advised by General Putnam and
others. Moreover proper precautions were not
taken against possible attacks. In an un-
guarded moment these settlers were set upon
by the Indians and twelve of them killed. The
settlers throughout the new territory immedi-
ately became alarmed and block-houses were
erected for their protection. In 1789 Fort
\\ ashington was built within the present limits
of Cincinnati, and a few months later General
Harmar arrived with 300 men and assumed
command. It was determined by Governor
St. Clair and General Harmar to send an
expedition against the Maumee towns and se-
cure that part of the country. While St. Clair
was forming his army and arranging for this
campaign three expeditions were sent out
against the Miami towns. One against the
Miami villages, not far from Wabash, was
led by General Harmar. With about fourteen
hundred men, of whom less than one-fourth
were regulars, he marched from Cincinnati in
September. 1790. When near the Indian vil-
lages an advanced detachment fell into ambush
and was defeated with severe loss. General
Harmar, however, succeeded in burning the
Indian villages and destroying their standing
corn, after which he commenced the return to

Cincinnati. Having received intelligence,
however, that the Indians were returning to
their ruined towns, he detached about a third
of his remaining force, with orders to bring
the Indians to an engagement. In the en-
gagement which followed, more than one hun-
dred of the militia were killed and all but
nine of the regulars, the remainder being
driven back to the main force. The expedition
served little purpose other than to make the
Indians, if anything, bolder than before. An
army under Charles Scott was sent against
the Wabash Indians. Nothing was accom-
plished save the destruction of towns and
standing corn. In July another army under
Colonel Wilkinson, was sent against the Eel
River Indians. It became entangled in ex-
tensive morasses on the river and accomplished
no more than the other expeditions which had
preceded it.

st. clair's defeat.

Encouraged by the meager success of the
whites in these expeditions, the chiefs of the
Miamis, Shawnees and the Delawares now be-
gan the formation of a confederacy among
all the tribes of the northwest territory, which,
they conceived, would be strong enough to
expel the whites beyond the Ohio. While
they were making ready, however, Governor
St. Clair was engaged in the organization of
a new army. He gathered together a force
consisting of 2,300 regulars and 600 militia.
It was his purpose to establish a chain of
forts from the Ohio, by way of the Miami and
Maumee Valleys, to the lakes. The plan was
favored by Washington and General Knox,
then secretary of war. It was said that a spirit
of idleness, drunkenness and insubordination
characterized the army at this time and had
much to do with the defeat which followed
later. On September 17. the army began its
march and moved to a point on the Great
Miami, where Fort Hamilton was established,
the first in the chain mentioned above. The
army then proceeded forty-four miles further
on and erected Fort Jefferson, about six miles
south of the present town of Greenville, in

6 4

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Darke County. On the 24th of October it
again began its march through the wilderness,
marshy and boggy and infested with savage
foes. By the 3rd of November a stream was
reached which St. Clair supposed to be a
branch of the St. Mary of the Maumee, but
which in reality was a tributary of the Wabash.
The point was on what is now the line between
Darke and Mercer Counties. The army had
been so far depleted by desertion at this
time that only about 1.400 men were left. St.
Clair sent the first regiment, under Major
Hamtramck. to pursue the deserters and secure
the advancing convoys of provisions which
it was feared the deserters intended to
plunder. When they halted on the banks
of the stream before mentioned, it encamped
in two lines and threw up some slight fortifi-
cations against the Indians who wore known to
be in the neighborhood. On the next morning,
about half an hour before sunrise, it was at-
tacked furiously by the Indians. The evil ef-
fects of the insubordination before mentioned
and the lack of sufficient drill were now made
manifest. The army was thrown into hope-
less confusion. It is probable that the whole
disposable force of the tribes in the North-
west participated in the attack on St. Clair's
army at this time. After losing about 800
men it began its retreat, which was a disgrace-
ful, precipitate (light. After reaching Fort
Jefferson it proceeded, by way of Fort Hamil-
ton, back to Fnrt Washingti m.

This defeat was one of the worst ever suf-
fered by an American army at the hands of the
savage tribes, outrivaling even Braddock's de-
feat in this regard. It left the entire frontier
exposed to the onslaughts of the savages, wdio
were determined now, more than ever before,
to exterminate the whites entirely. Execra-
tions were heaped upon St. Clair who led the
army to its terrible defeat. Under a more
forceful commander, perhaps the result might
have been different, yet the defeat was due.
not alone to the inefficiency of St. Clair, but
to the general demoralization of the soldiers
whose insubordination we have before men-
tioned.

Plans were immediately formed for another
campaign against the Indians. General
Wayne, whose bravery and ability, as well as
Ins experience during the Revolution, rendered
him peculiarly well fitted for the task, was
called to take command of the army which was
raised. He immediately began the work of
drill and organization.

Meanwhile efforts were being made by the
United State- to conciliate the Indians and
avoid the necessity of warfare. The Iroquois
were induced to visit Philadelphia, and were
partially secured from the confederacy which
we have before mentioned. Five independent
embassies were sent among the western tribes
in an effort to win them over and prevent war.
All the embassadors were slain, however, ex-
cept Putnam, who succeeded in reaching the
Wabash Indians and effecting a treaty which
was later rejected by Congress on account of
its terms. A great council of the Indian-, in
which were represented all the tribes of the
Ni nthwest, and many others, assembled at
Auglaize during the autumn of 1792, and pre-
pared an address to the" President wherein they
agreed to abstain from hostilities until they
could meet with the whites at the rapids of
the .Maumee in the following spring for a con-
ference. The President appointed commis-
sioners who, in accordance with the arrange-
ment, met the representatives of the tribes at
the appointed place. The Indians, however,
would consent to nothing save the Ohio Riiver
a- the boundary of their lands. This being
1 nit 1 if the question for the whites, the negotia-
tions came to an end.

Wayne's campaign and battle of
fallen timber.

Nothing was now left save war. General
Wayne, on being informed of the termination
nf the efforts at securing a treaty, immediately
began active preparations for a campaign
against the Indians. Pending the negotiations
with the Indians he had been sending out
so luts and spies on errands of discovery and
he had his plans by this time practically ma-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

tared. All his information showed plainly that
the Indians were receiving constant aid and
encouragement from the British. He had
spent the winter of 1793-94 at a fort which he
had built on a tributary of the Great Miami,
and which he called Greenville. The present
town of Greenville is near the site of the fort.
On the 26th of July, 1794. General Scott, with
1,600 mounted men from Kentucky, joined
General Wayne at Greenville, and two days
later the entire army moved forward, reaching
the junction of the Auglaize and Maumee on
the 8th of August, where they erected Fort
Defiance. As Wayne's army moved north-
ward the Indians abandoned their towns and
collected their entire force, amounting to about
two thousand men. near a British fort, erected
in violation of the treaty of 1783, at the
rapids of the Maumee. Before attacking the
Indians, however. Wayne made still another
attempt to conciliate them. He sent Christo-
pher Miller, who had been naturalized among
the Shawnees. and taken prisoner by Wayne's
spies, as a messenger of peace. Miller returned
with the message that if the Americans would
delay for ten days the Indians would, within
that time, decide the question of war or peace.
Knowing the Indian character, however,
Wayne determined to move forward. On the
1 8th of August, having marched forty-one
miles from Auglaize, and being now near to
the enemy, a fortification was erected which
they called Fort Deposit. They remained here
until the "20th, when they again took up their
March. After having proceeded about five
miles the foe was encountered. In striking
contrast with the condition of St. Clair's army
at the time it had suffered its crushing defeat,
the army was now well disciplined and fully
able to cope with the enemy. The conflict
which ensued was one of the fiercest in the
history of Indian warfare. The Indians were
completely routed and many of them were
slain, while the American loss was compara-
tively slight. This celebrated engagement is
what is familiarly known as the battle of Fal-
len Timber. It was fought almost under
the walls of the British fort. When the com-
mander of that fort demanded an explanation

of Wayne as to why he had fought so near
and in evident hostility to the British, \\
replied, not only by telling him he had no
rights in the country, but by also marching
ward and devastating the Indian country.

While the Indians were not immediately
subdued by the crushing defeat received from
Wayne, yet it went a long way towards break-
ing the strength of their hostility. Recogniz-
ing, at length, that opposition to the encroach-
ments of the whites was useless, and that their
ultimate subjugation was only a matter of
time, they were willing to sue for peace. They
arranged to meet General Wayne in June,
1795, at Greenville and form a treaty. This
plan was carried out and the Greenville treaty,
which marked the close of the Indian wars in
the West, was the result.

ORGANIZATION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

After the title to the lands northwest of
the Ohio had become vested in the United
States, and active perparations for their settle-
ment began to be made, it became necessary
for Congress to provide some form of govern-
ment for the territory. The matter was one
calling for the exercise of the highest states-
manship, and various plans were under dis-
cussion before a final settlement was reached.
At one time Congress, under the influence of
the Southern States, voted down Jefferson's
proposition excluding slavery forever from
the territory. It was likewise proposed to di-
vide the territory into ten states to be known
as Sylvania, Michigania. Cheresonisius, Assen-
ispia, Mesopotamia, Illinoia, Saratoga. Wash-
ington, Polypotamia and Pelisipia, the ultimate
arrangement being, however, that there should
be no less than three nor more than five states.
The instrument which was finally adopted for
the government of the Northwest Territory,
and ever since popularly known as the "< )r-
dinance of 1787," was. in large measure, the
result of the efforts of Rev. Manassah Cutler,
before mentioned as being instrumental in se-
curing the grant of lands to the Ohio Com-
pany. It was passed on the 13th of July,
1787. Its cardinal principles were: 1st. — The

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

exclusion of slavery from the territory for-
ever ; 2nd. — Provision for public schools, giv-
ing one township for a seminary and every
sixteenth section (this gave one thirty-sixth
of all the land for public education) ; 3rd. — ■
Freedom in religious worship and opinion;
4th. — The equal distribution of estates; and
5th. — Protection in civil liberty. It also pro-
vided for the appointment of a governor who
should likewise be commander of the militia,
a secretary, and for three judges. The gover-
nor and the judges were to have the power to
adopt and publish such of the laws of other
states as should be suitable to their circum-
stances. Whenever there should be 5,000 free
male inhabitants, of full age, in the district,
they were to have authority to elect repre-
sentatives to a General Assembly, which was
to consist of the Governor, a Legislative
Council and a House of Representatives.
There was the further provision that not less
than three n< ir mi ire than five states were to
be formed out of the territory, the states to
be admitted to equal standing with the original
states of the Union whenever they had a popu-
lation of 60,000, or sooner if consistent with
the general interest. The principles embodied
in the ordinance were in the form of
a compact irrevocable save by consent
of both Congress and the states that
should be formed out of the territory. It was
li\ reason of this fact that the South was af-
terwards powerless when they endeavored to
have the territory opened to the admission of
slavery.

In October, 1 7S7, Congress appointed Gen.
Arthur St. Clair, who had been an officer in
the Resolution, governor of the new territory,
Winthrop Sargeant, secretary, and Samuel H.
I 'arsons. John Armstrong, and James M. Var-
num, judges. Subsequently Armstrong de-
clined the appointment and John Cleves
Syrnmes was given his place. Governor St.
Clair arrived at the Marietta settlement on
July 9, 1788, and immediately began his du-
ties. On the 25th, the first law, relating to
the militia, was published, and the next day
the governor issued a proclamation creating
all the country that had been ceded by the In-

dians, east of the Scioto River, into the county
of Washington. After organizing the militia
he next erected the Courts of Probate and
Quarter Sessions, and proceeded to appoint
civil officers. Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Tup-
per and Winthrop Sargeant, were made jus-
tices of the peace. The 30th day of August,
the day the Court of Quarter Sessions was ap-
pointed, Archibald Cary, Isaac' Pierce and
Thomas Lord were also appointed justices.
Return Jonathan Meigs was appointed clerk
of this Court of Quarter Sessions. Ebenezer
Sprout was appointed sheriff of Washington
County and also colonel of the militia; Wil-
liam Callis, clerk of the Supreme Court; Rufus
Putnam, judge of the Probate Court, and Re-
turn J. Meigs, Jr., clerk.

On September 2nd, the first court was held.
It is thus described by the American Pioneer:
"The procession was formed at the Point
(where most of the settlers resided), in the
following order: The high sheriff, with his
drawn sword ; the citizens ; the officers of the
garrison at Fort Harmar; the members of the
bar; the supreme judges; the governor and
clergymen ; the newly appointed judges of the
Court of Common Pleas, Generals Rufus Put-
nam and Benjamin Tupper.

"They marched up the path that had been
cleared through the forest to Campus Martius
Hall (stockade), where the whole counter-
marched, and the judges, Putnam and Tupper,
took their seats. The clergyman. Rev. Dr.
Cutler, then invoked the divine blessing. The
sheriff, Ebenezer Sproat, proclaimed with his
solemn 'Oh yes' that a court is open for the
administration of even-handed justice to the
poor and to the rich, to the guilty and to the
innocent, without respect of persons; none to
be punished without a trial of their peers, and
then in pursuance of the laws and the evidence
in the case.

"Although the scene was exhibited thus
early in the settlement of the West, few ever
equalled it in the dignity and exalted char-
acter of its principal participators. Many of
them belonged to the history of our country
in the darkest as well as the most splendid
period of the Revolutionary war."

CRYSTAL SPRING FARM, OWNED BY F. P. HILLS, DELAWARE

'I HE ALLISON E GOl ©RICH HOME,
LIBERTY It >\\ NSHIP

RESIDENCE OF MRS SILAS J. MANN,
II \KI.HM TOWNSHIP

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

About the 1st of January, 1790, Governor
St. Clair, with his officers, went to Fort Wash-
ington, on the present site of Cincinnati, and
established the county of Hamilton, in which
was comprised all the country 'contiguous to
the Ohio, from the Hocking River to the
Great Miami. He also appointed a corps of
civil and military officers and erected a Court
of Quarter Sessions. A short time later he
likewise organized the county of St. Clair,
whose limits, however, were comprised within
the present State of Indiana, and Illinois, in-
cluding the country from the Wabash to the
Mississippi. Before the close of 1795 the gov-
ernor and the judges published sixty- four
statutes. Among other things they provided
that the common law of England, and all its
statutes made previous to the fourth year of
James I., should be of full force in the terri-
tory. Wayne County was organized in 1796,
Jefferson and Adams in 1797, and Ross in
1798.

As has before been stated, the Ordinance
of 1787 provided that whenever there should
be 5.000 persons in the territory they should
be entitled to a representative assembly. On
October 29, 1798, Governor St. Clair pro-
claimed that the population had reached the re-
quired number, and ordered an election for
the third Monday in December. The repre-
sentatives thus elected met in Cincinnati, Janu-
ary 22,\i799, and, under the provisions of the
Ordinance, nominated ten persons, from whom
the President should select five to constitute
the Legislative Council. The persons chosen
were : Jacob Burnet, James Finley, Henry
Vanderburgh, Robert Oliver and David Vance.
The Territorial Legislature again met at Cin-
cinnati on the 24th of September, when a
great amount of business was done. They
repealed some of the laws that were already
in force, adopted others, created and filled new
offices and devised various plans and methods
for carrying on the government of the new
territory. The only lawyer in the body was
Mr. Burnet, upon whom, by reason of his
profession, a great amount of the work de-
volved. He seems to have acquitted himself
well in the position in which he was thus

placed. The whole number of acts passed and
approved by the governor was thirty-seven. It
is worthy of note that a bill authorizing a
lottery was passed by the Council but rejected
by the Legislature.

Among other duties which devolved on this
session of the Legislature was the election of
a delegate to Congress. The choice fell upon
William Henry Harrison, the secretary of the
territory at that time. He at once resigned his
office and proceeded to Philadelphia to take
his seat in Congress which was then in ses-
sion. He was successful in obtaining many
important advantages for his constitutents,
among others a measure subdividing the sur-
veys of the public lands and permitting them
to be sold in smaller tracts, thus making it
possible for them to be purchased by individu-
als without first coming into the hands of
speculators.

At this first session of the Legislature Gov-
ernor St. Clair saw fit to veto eleven acts which
were passed by it. The greater part of them
related to formation of new counties, a right
which the governor claimed was vested in him
alone. The attitude of the governor served
to increase his unpopularity with the people,
whose confidence he seems to have lost, in
large measure, after his disastrous defeat at
the hands of the Indians.

In the year 1800 Congress took up the
matter of dividing the Northwest Territory
into two parts. The great extent of the terri-
tory rendered extremely difficult and unsatis-
factory the operations of the government. By
reason of the loose administration of justice
in its western part, that portion had become a
rendezvous for criminals of various character,
with the consequent effect of deterring better
citizens from settling there. The judiciary
was likewise wholly inefficient as regarded
civil cases. The far western frontier, being
at such a great distance from the seat of both
the national and territorial governments, could
neither feel for them the attachment or fear
their restraint to the extent that a closer re-
lation would establish. In consequence, on the
7th of May an act was passed dividing the
territory, the line of division being "a line be-

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

ginning at the Ohio, opposite to the mouth
of the Kentucky River, and running thence to
Fort Recovery, and thence north until it inter-
sects the territorial line between the United
States and Canada." The same form of gov-
ernment was provided for the new territory
as prevailed in the old. Chillicothe was made
the seat of government for the old territory
and St. Clair retained as governor, while St.
Vincent's on the Wabash River, was made the
capital of the "Indiana Territory." and Wil-
liam Henry Harrison appointed its governor.

ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE OF OHIO.

The second session of the General As-
sembly was held at Chillicothe in 1801. Gov-
ernor St. Clair had, meanwhile, been growing-
more and more unpopular. The abuse heaped
on the governor and the Legislature at Chilli-
cothe became so great that they decided to re-
nn ive the capital from that place to Cincinnati.
Out of this agitation, however, and the general
discontent with the governor, there had been
rapidly arising a general sentiment in favor
1 1 the formation of a State government. This
sentiment was in a minority, however, so far as
the General Assembly was concerned. A
measure was introduced there proposing that
the Ordinance of 17X7 be so changed that the
Scioto River, together with a line drawn from
its intersection with the Indian boundary to
the western extremity of the Reserve, should
be the western limit of the most eastern State
to be formed out of the territory. To protest
against this proposition the minority sent
Thomas Worthington to Washington. While
he was on his way a resolution introduced into
the Legislature for choosing a committee to
address Congress with regard to the proposed
-tale was defeated. A further attempt pro-
viding for taking the census of the territory
was postponed by the Council.

Worthington, however, was successful in
his mission to Congress, and on the 30th of
April that body authorized the calling of a
state convention for the purpose of forming a
constitution, provided it was found expedient.
"The act of Congress, providing for the ad-

mission of the new state into the Union, offered
certain propositions to the people. These were,
first, that Section Sixteen in each township,
or, where that section had been disposed of,
other contiguous and equivalent lands, should
be granted to the inhabitants for the use of
schools; second, that thirty-eight sections of
land, where salt springs had been found, of
which one township was situated on the Scioto,
one section on the Muskingum, and one section
in the United States Military Tract, should
be granted to the state, never to be sold or
leased, however, for a longer term than ten
years; and third, that one twentieth of the
proceeds of the public lands sold within the
state, should be applied to the construction of
roads from the Atlantic, to and through the
same." These propositions were offered on
the condition that the convention should pro-
vide, by ordinance, that all lands sold by the
United States after the 30th day of June, 1802,
should be exempt from taxation by the state
for five years after sale.

The convention met at Chillicothe on the
1st day of November, 1802. While it believed
the consideration offered to the state hardly
sufficient for the tax exemption required, it
decided to accept the conditions of Congress,
providing their propositions should be suffi-
ciently enlarged "so as to vest in the state, for
the use of schools. Section Sixteen in each
township si ild by the United States, and three
other tracts of land, equal in quantity, re-
spectively, to one thirty-sixth of the Virginia
Reservation, of the United States Military
Tract, and of the Connecticut Reserve, and to
give three per centum of the proceeds of the
public lands sold within the state, to be applied
under the direction of the Legislature, to roads
in Ohio." Congress acceded to this modifica-
tion and there was thus nothing to prevent the
formation of the new state.

The time for the meeting of the General
Assembly came while the constitutional con-
vention was in session, but, owing to the prob-
ability that the territorial government would
si 1 si 11 m be superseded by that of the state, they
deferred meeting. On the 29th of November
the convention having framed a constitution

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

and completed its labors, adjourned. The
constitution, though never submitted to the
people, was submitted to Congress and ac-
cepted by that body, and an act passed admit-
ting Ohio to the Union, February 19, 1803.
The constitution framed by this convention
continued in force until the adoption, in 185 1,
of the present one. The territorial govern-
ment ended and the state government began
on March 1, 1803.

By the new constitution it was provided
that the first elections under the new govern-
ment should be held the second Tuesday of
January, 1803. Accordingly at that time Ed-
ward Tiffin was chosen governor and Jere-
miah Morrow sent to Congress. A General
Assembly was also elected, which met on
March 3rd and chose the following officers :
Michael Baldwin, speaker of the House,
and Nathaniel Massie of the Senate;
William Creighton, Jr., secretary of state;
Colonel Thomas Gibson, auditor; William
McFarland, treasurer; Return J. Meigs, Jr.,
Samuel Huntington and William Spriggs,
judges of the Supreme Court; Francis Dun-
levy. Wyllys Silliman and Calvin Pease, presi-
dent judges of the First. Second and Third
Districts, and Thomas Worthington and John

Smith. United States Senators. The Assembly
also passed such laws as were necessary. Up
to the time of the adoption of the state consti-
tution there had been organized the following
counties: Washington, July 27, 1788; Hamil-
ton, January 2, 1790; Adams, July 10, 1797;
Jefferson, July 29, 1797; Ross, August 20,
1798; Clermont, Fairfield and Trumbull, De-
cember 9, 1800; Belmont, September 7, 1801.
Eight additional counties were created by the
Assembly at its first session, viz. : Gallia,
Scioto, Butler. Warren, Greene, Montgom-
ery, Franklin and Columbiana.

The seat of government was first located
at Chillicothe. In the year 1810 an act was
passed changing its location to Zanesville, but
at the next session of the General Assembly
it was again taken back to Chillicothe, and
commissioners appointed to determine upon a
definite location. It is said that they first re-
ported in favor of Dublin, a small town on the
Scioto about fourteen miles above Columbus.
At the session of the Assembly of 181 3- 14.
however, the proposal of parties owning the
site of Columbus was accepted and in 1816.
the first meeting of the Assembly was held
there.

CHAPTER IV.

SETTLEMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF DELAWARE COVNTY

Derivation of Title — First Settlement — Growth of Population— First Events — Pioneer In-
dustries — Early Roads and Taverns — Organization of the County — Early Political
History — County and Other Officials.

We have already traced in a former chap-
ter the various steps by which the title to the
lands of the Northwest Territory, and thereby
of Delaware County, became vested in the
United States Government. It now remains to
say a word as to the manner in which the
first settlers in Delaware County derived title
from the United States. Previous mention
was made of the fact that Virginia, in ceding
her claims to the territory northwest of the
Ohio to the general government made a con-
dition that she was to retain the right to ap-
propriate a certain portion of that land, if ne-
cessary, to satisfy her military bounties, issued
during the Revolutionary War. In accordance
with this understanding the State of Virginia
ultimately appropriated a tract north of the
Ohio and west of the Scioto Rivers. All that
part of Delaware County which lies west of
the Scioto is, in consequence, within the tract
known as the Virginia Military Lands. All
that part of the county which lies east of the
Ssioto is within the tract known as the United
States Military Lands, excepting the "salt res-
ervation" in Brown Township, which will be
mentioned later. The United States Military
Lands are so called from their having been ap-
propriated by Congress, through an act passed
June. 1796, to satisfy certain claims of the
officers and soldiers of the Revolution. There
is a difference in the method of survey of
these lands and that of the Virginia Military

Lands. The United States Military Lands
were divided into townships of five miles
square and these again into quarter-town-
ships of 4,000 acres each. Further subdivi-
sions of the quarter-township's into forty lots
of 100 acres each were made in some cases.
The place of each township is ascertained by
numbers and ranges.

The Virginia Military District is not sur-
veyed into townships or any regular form.
Every person holding a Virginia military land
warrant was permitted to locate it at any place
in the district and in whatever shape he pleased,
in so far it did not conflict with some else.
In consequence, there has been much more liti-
gation growing" out of a conflict of boundaries
in this district than in the United States Mili-
tary Lands.

It will be recalled that in the act passed
by Congress through which the State of Ohio
was constituted, certain tracts within the state,
known as salt reservations, were granted to
the State of Ohio and reserved from sale. One
of these tracts was in Brown Township, in
Delaware County, and consisted of 4,000
acres in the northeast section. On the failure
of the reservation, however, to fulfill expecta-
tions so far as salt production was concerned,
permission was granted to the State by an
act of Congress of December 28, 1824, to sell
the lands, and an act was likewise passed for
this purpose by the State Legislature on Febru-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

ary 2j 18.26. From one of these various
sources have the first settlers in Delaware
grained title to their lands.

FIRST SETTLEMENT.

Something over a hundred years has now
passed since the first white settler in Delaware
County cleared the unbroken forest for the
erection of his cabin. The lips that could re-
count from personal recollection the tale of
hardship and heroism, of peril and privation,
that marked this event of such prime import-
ance to the county's present populace, have
long since been sealed in death, and the story
itself has, to some extent, become enshrouded
in the misty uncertainties of the past. There
is always a romantic interest that attaches to
first occurrences, especially such as this; and
had the record of toil and struggle that marked
the opening up of Delaware County to civili-
zation been carefully chronicled and preserved,
it would now be read with intensest interest
by those who claim the county as their home.
Pioneer life here, perhaps, was different in no
marked degree, from pioneer life in general;
yet incidents that might be trifling to the world
at large would be far from being so to us with
whose present well-being and happiness they
are so indissoluble linked. Everything that
might concern the early struggle with the
wilderness here would possess for us the inter-
est felt in our own kith and kin. At the pres-
ent day when even the poorest has comforts
and luxuries that the whole world scarce
dreamed of for a thousand years, when space
itself presents no difficulties to easy communi-
cation with our fellow-beings, it is difficult to
even imagine the lonely cahin in the great,
deep forest, which gave scant shelter to the
pioneer, from driving storms and winter's
cold, or to think of him as being far from the
sound of a friendly voice, often endangered by
attack from savage beast or savage red man,
and hard-pressed for even those things with-
out which life itself could not be sustained.
Yet all this was gladly assumed and cheer-
fully endured by those who paved the way
in Delaware County for the coming of the

white man's government and the white man's
civilization. All this was necessary that we
might enjoy our present security and comfort.
And while we celebrate the heroes of the camp
and the battlefield, while we applaud great
achievement in every sphere of human activity,
let us accord a place equal to that of any to
the pioneer, and to the pioneers of our own
county in particular.

Delaware County drew its early popula-
tion from widely separated sources. Natur-
ally the larger part hailed from the sta'tes in
our own country already populated. Some
came from beyond the seas. The restless energy
that led the hardy emigrants to seek homes
in our land soon after its discovery again led
their descendants to move further to the west-
ward. The battle with the wilderness was
fought and won ; and the population of Dela-
ware County today inherits the same elements
of intelligence, enterprise and strength that
might be expected from such an ancestry.

It is generally conceded that the first set-
tlement in Delaware County, at least the first
to have a marked influence on its further de-
velopment, was in Liberty Township. The
claim has not been allowed, however, to go un-
questioned. It is asserted that a man by the
name of Gilbert Van Dorn settled within the
limits of Trenton Township as early as 1783.
There is also said to have been a white settler
warned Saybrook who came to Orange Town-
ship in 1798, and another in Troy in 1801.
The time is now too far past, however, to de-
termine as to the accuracy of these statements,
and there would seem to be justice in claiming
the honor of the first settlement for Liberty
Township, inasmuch as that is the first of
which we have definite knowledge, and is un-
doubtedly the first that had a marked influence
on the subsequent development of the county.

In the year 1801, on May 1st, after a jour-
ney from the State of New York lasting for
two months and eighteen days, during which
all the experiences incident to travel through a
new and undeveloped country were encount-
ered, Nathan Carpenter and Avery Powers
landed on the east bank' of the Olentangy
River, or Whetstone, as it was then called,

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

five miles south of the site of the present city
of Delaware. Carpenter was a man of wealth,
of indomitable enterprise, and had been a
captain in the Revolutionary War, an experi-
ence in hardship and endurance which was
well calculated to tit him fur this enterprise
which he undertook not many years after the
war's termination. He had lived first in Con-
necticut, but at the close of the Revolution
had removed to Chenango Count}-, New Vi >rk.
It was while here that he fell under the in-
fluence of the excitement, prevalent at the time,
over the opening up of the territory north-
west of the Ohio to colonization, and he de-
termined to become one of the pioneers in its
settlement and development. From his home
in Chenango County, in company with Avery
Powers and several others, he started out in
the dead of winter and when the ground was
covered with snow, for the unknown and un-
tried region which was to be his home for the
future. Carpenter's family accompanied him,
but the family of Powers did not come until
later. On their arrival cabins were erected
and the lonely life in the wilderness was be-
gun.

It was not long, however, until others ar-
rived. In April of the year 1802, Thomas
Cellar and Josiah McKinnie established them-
selves on the Olentangy, two miles below Car-
penter in the same township, Thomas Cellar
being the owner of a tract of 4.000 acres
within the present township limits. About two
years later three brothers, John. Ebenezer and
Aaron Welch, together with a brother-in-law,
(apt. Leonard Monroe, settled in the neighbor-
hood of the Carpenters. A few years later
there was added to the Liberty Township set-
tlement Ebenezer Goodrich, George and Seth
Case, and David Thomas.

Before the Liberty settlement had received
all these additions, however, colonists were be-
ginning to erect their cabins in other parts of
the county. One of the earliest after the ar-
rival of Carpenter and Powers., was Henry
Perry, who. unlike most of the others, was
not a Xew Englander, but came direct from
Wales and thus became the fore-runner of the
Welsh colony, which has numbered among its

members many of the county's most substantial
citizens. He settled in the region which has
since been organized into Radnor Township,
and his cabin stood about three-fourths of a
mile from the site of the present village of
Radnor. There is an interesting story re-
lated in connection with this settlement.
Perrv had brougfit his two bovs, then only
nine and eleven years of age, with him. When
it became necessary for him to return to Phila-
delphia to pilot the remainder of his family
to their new home, he left the two boys all
alone in the cabin in the wilderness. The win-
ter was one of exceptional severity, the cabin
open, "having neither daubing, fireplace or
chimney," and food extremely scarce. Yet
these boys withstood bravely all these hard-
ships, fearlessly encountered all the clangers
of the unbroken forest, and in addition made
a considerable clearing- by the time their father
returned. It was such courage as this which
conquered the wilderness and appropriated it
for the purposes of a civilization of which the
native red men never so much as conceived.
The ground on which Perry settled had been
originally purchased by David Pugh. This
man laid out a village on his land which he
called Xew Baltimore and which he antici-
pated would some day develop into a large and
flourishing town. It was not the first town,
however, which was laid out in Delaware
County. That honor belongs to Berkshire.

The date of Perry's settlement in Radnor
Township was 1803. The next year marks
the coming to the county of a man who was
to have perhaps more to do with the shaping
of her destinies during the early years of her
history than any other. Colonel Moses Byxbe
was a native of Berkshire County, Massachu-
setts. He was a man of exceptional energy, with
great decision and force of character. He had,
before his coming to Ohio, accumulated large
wealth and acquired a position of commanding
influence in his native town of Lenox. In his
business of tavern and store-keeper he had
come into possession of a number of military
land warrants, which he located in what are
now the townships of Berkshire and Berlin.
The tract which he first owned comprised

A XI) REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

8,000 acres. He threw all his energies into the
task of colonizing his western possessions and
soon succeeded in organizing a colony of emi-
grants who set out for their new homes in
June of the year 1804, arriving at the place
on Alum Creek which was afterwards called
Berkshire in honor of their native county.
There is said to have been a still earlier settle-
ment within the bounds of Berkshire Town-
ship, however, in the person of Thomas Cow-
gill, who is reputed to have built his cabin in
the southern part of the township in 1801.
As was the case with the other settlements
which we have mentioned as having perhaps
preceded the Liberty Township settlement,
however, if this one in Berkshire Township
really did exist it had little influence on the
later development of the county. At a point
where Colonel Byxbe's colony located was
laid out the ^ first town in Delaware County,
preceding by a year the town which had an
existence on paper, at least, in Radnor Town-
ship, and which was platted in 1805. Had
Colonel Byxbe adhered to his original inten-
tions. Berkshire would now have been, per-
haps, a place of much larger .population and
proportions than it is. For reasons which will
appear when we come to speak more particu-
larly of the township and of the city of Dela-
ware. Colonel Byxbe abandoned his efforts in
behalf of Berkshire and devoted himself to the
building up of the town of Delaware. He
made a number of journeys between his native
state and his possessions in Delaware County.
and many among the early settlers were in-
duced to become such through his influence.
The next township to receive the pioneer
was Berlin, and here, too, the first settlement
was made on a tract owned by Byxbe. The
first settler was George Cowgill, who came in
1805, and he was closely followed by David
Lewis, Sr., and his family, who located on a
tract which had been purchased by Joseph
Constant of Peekskill. New York. Not long
afterward came Joseph Eaton, Sr.. and John
Johnston, with their families, from Hunting-
don. Pennsylvania, and later David fsaac,
Philander Hoadley and Chester Lewis, from
Waterbury, Connecticut.

A beginning having been made, it was not
long until every township in the county had
been started on the pathway to civilization
through the advent of the white settler. In
1806 Scioto was occupied, the first family here,
that of Richard Hoskins. like the one in Rad-
nor, having come originally from Wales.
Genoa, Kingston, Delaware, Marlborough,
Trenton, Harlem, and perhaps Porter, received
their first inhabitants as early as 1807. Be-
tween this period and the year 18 12 all the
remaining townships in the county were oc-
cupied, and what a few years before had been
a desolate, unbroken wilderness, now began to
teem with the life of the new population which
was henceforth to render the region forever-
more an uncongenial habitation for the native
child of the forest.

GROWTH OF POPULATION.

It may be interesting here to note the
growth of the population. The first year in
which a census seems to have been taken was
in 1810, before all the townships, even, had
yet been occupied. In that year Delaware
County had 2,000 inhabitants. It is to be re-
membered, however, that the extent of the
county's limits were greater at that time than
they were later on after a part of its territ' >ry
had been taken to help in the formation of
other counties, a matter which will be dis-
cussed hereafter. In 1820 there were 7,639
people in the county, in 1830. 1 1 .523. and in
1840, 22,060. At the time of the next census,
in 1850, the present boundaries of the county
had been fixed and the population then was
21,817. In i860 it was 23.902; in 1870, 25,-
175; in 1880. 27.381. This was the high-
water mark in the county's growth in popula-
tion, as the census in subsequent decades shows
an actual decline. In 1890 the number of
inhabitants was 27.189. and at the last ceii-us
in 1900 it was only 27.401. There is nothing
in this decrease of population in the past few
years that would indicate an unhealthful con-
dition of affairs, and the experience of Dela-
ware County is not. in this respect, an ex-
ceptional one. A number of counties in the

7 6

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

state could be cited" where an exactly similar
condition exists. Yet their condition, as well
as that of Delaware County, has been one of
constant and unbroken prosperity. The causes
which brought the early settler to the com-
munity have simply ceased, in later times, to
operate, and where there has been growth in
recent years, as there has been in some cases,
it has been from an influx of laborers into the
county seat towns, where especial facilities for
the establishment of manufacturing plants are
afforded.

FIRST EVENTS.

There seems to be considerable uncertainty
as to who has the honor of being the first ad-
dition to the population of Delaware Count)-,
not from emigration but by birth upon its soil.
There have been at least three claimants for
the distinction, two of them in Liberty Town-
ship and one in Berlin. If the dates which have
been handed down to us are correct, Jeremiah
Gillies was born in Liberty Township on Au-
gust 7, 1803. In the same township Benjamin
Powers was born October 6, 1803. The
"County Atlas," published in 1875, asserts
that J. C. Lewis, who was born in Berlin
Township, September 29, 1806, was the first
white child born in the county. If either of
the dates given above, however, are correct,
there would appear to be little ground for the
claim which is made for Lewis.

The first death, as well as the first birth,
is a matter of interest. Death did not enter
the pioneer settlement until three vears after
its founding, and then it claimed the wife of
< aptain Carpenter. She died on the 7th of
August. 1804, and was buried on a knoll on
the Carpenter homestead which is supposed to
have been a burying ground of the ancient
inhabitants of the territory. The next to suc-
cumb was one of the Welch brothers, men-
tioned among the early settlers of the town-
ship.

PIONEER INDUSTRIES.

Much has been written (in the varied ex-
periences encountered in pioneer life; and, to

those of us who have come on the scene of
action long after the forests were cleared and
all the various enterprises and industries that
characterize the modern community were in
full swing of their activity, the details of life
in this former day are always of absorbing
interest. As our particular purpose here, how-
ever, is to recount those facts which have to
do exclusively with Delaware County, we
must refer the reader to other works for the de-
scription of pioneer life in general. Could the
facts now be obtained, through which the story
of the beginning of each enterprise that is now
interwoven with the social and business life of
Delaware County could be written, it would
possess for us an interest equal to that which
we have in events of much larger importance
in themselves, though not so vitally interwoven
with our own personal affairs. It perhaps did
not occur, however, to the humble tavern-
keeper of the early times, or the pioneer mer-
chant or miller or blacksmith, that they were
making history; and the record that has come
down to us of the early activities in these vari-
ous lines of enterprise, are extremely meager.
As regards the early store-keepers of the
county we can not do better than quote the
statement found in the county history pub-
lished in 1880: "With all our research we
have been unable to learn who opened the first
sti ire in Delaware, or whether the first store
in the county was in Delaware or Berkshire.
We are inclined to the opinion, however, that
the honor belongs to Berkshire, as it was laid
out as a town sometime before Delaware, prob-
ably three or four years before, and doubtless
a store was established soon after. Major
Brown is said to have been the first tradesman
at the place, but did not remain in business
very long. Stores were not so much of a
necessity then as they are now. After Brown
sold out a man named Fuller brought a stock
of goods to the place, but neither did he re-
main long. * The first merchant at
Delaware of whom we have been able to learn
anything was Hezekiah Kilbourn, but at what
date he commenced business we could not
learn. Lamb and Little were also among the
pioneer merchants of Delaware, as was An-
thony Walker. The latter gentleman had a

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

store — a kind of branch concern — in Thomp-
son Township at quite an early date, which was
carried on by one of the Welches as agent of
Walker. Williams & Cone were early mer-
chants at Delhi, and a man named Dean kept
a store on Goodrich's farm in Liberty Town-
ship for a number of years. In what is now
Concord Township, was established one of the
early stores of the county. It was owned and
operated by a couple of men named Winslow,

* * and consisted of a box of cheap
goods exposed for sale in a small tent, at the
mouth of Mill Creek. Shortly after this mer-
cantile venture Michael Crider opened a small
store on the farm of Freshwater and eventu-
ally moved to Bellepoint." In the early days
the mercantile business was no slight under-
taking. Without any of our modern facilities
for safe and rapid transportation, all goods
had to be brought overland from points in the
far distant East, principally Philadelphia, at
great expense and risk, and it is not strange
that we find that many a person who attempted
the enterprise was compelled to abandon it
after a loss. Naturally the stores were not
of the specialized character that they possess,
at least in the larger places, today, but con-
tained commodities of every variety that could
be used in the primitive settlements. The set-
tlers depended, too, on providing themselves
with many of the necessities for which we are
now accustomed to look to our merchants.

There were two commodities which, to
most, are almost absolute essentials to exist-
ence and which the early settlers had the
greatest difficulty in obtaining. These were
flour and salt. In consequence we find among
the earliest activities of the Delaware County
pioneer, an effort to provide a supply of these
articles. It will be remembered that mention
has already been made of the fact that there
was supposed to be a "Salt Lick" in Brown
Township, and that by reason of this very im-
pression a whole quarter section of land therein
was reserved to the State.

One of the earliest attempts to produce
salt in the neighborhood was by Dr. John Loof-
bourrow, one of the first settlers of Brown
Township. Having learned from the Indians

where they obtained their salt, he, in com-
pany with a colored servant, began the manu-
facture of the commodity and, for several
years, succeeded in obtaining a moderate
quantity. Some years later, however, some
other parties who thought they saw possibili-
ties of salt production greater than those which
were being used, leased a larger area of land
in this section from the State and commenced
boring wells. They failed to find salt water
in paying quantities, however, and the em ire
tract which bad been reserved was ultimately
sold by the State as has already been stated.
An effort was made near the present village
of Stratford, at one time, to find salt water. A
shaft was sunk and there really was found to
be salt water in the vicinity. As the digging
had to be done by hand, however, without
any of our modern facilities, the attempt was
soon abandoned. It was likewse thought at
one time that salt could be obtained in the re-
gion which is now Porter Township, but here
too the expectations proved to be ill founded.
The price of salt ranged from $5.00 to $6.00
per bushel. As illustrating the difficulties en-
countered and the hardships which the early
settlers were compelled to undergo in order
to obtain this article we quote the following
incident from the "County Atlas" : "David
Lewis, Jr., (a resident of Berkshire) dug out
a canoe and prepared for a voyage in quest of
of salt. From the time of leaving until his return
his chances for a fire with which to cook food
depended on his flint in the musket-lock and
his 'punk' which he carried with him. The
tiny craft completed, he loaded it with deer,
raccoon and other skins, shoved out into Alum
Creek and started down stream. The first
night found him at Worthington. He went to
Chillicothe and. selling his load, bought a
bushel of salt for which he paid five dollars.
Lewis could not ascend the current and.
abandoning his canoe, shouldered his purchase,
and started by way of Indian trail and bridle
path for home. His shoulders were worn by
the weight of his precious burden, but he was
near home, when, in crossing a stream on a
log, unfortunately his feet slipped and he fell
into the water. The salt was gone and he

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

was home again, his shoulders smarting with
the brine and his mind chafed at the loss."

Flour was just as difficult to obtain as salt.
The even greater necessity for its production
led the early settlers to turn their attention first
of anything, so far as manufacturing enter-
prises were concerned, to the establishment of
mills. It is related of Jacob Foust, one of the
earliest settlers of Troy Township that, when
his wife was sick and could obtain nothing
to eat which she relished, he shouldered a
bushel of wheat and carried it all the way to
Zanesville, seventy-five miles distant, to have
it ground. Owing to the limited capacity of
the few mills that really did exist in the earlv
times great hardship was entailed on the pio-
neers. It is recounted of one man that he
traveled a distance of one hundred and fifty
miles, from mill to mill, in a vain effort to
have a sack of wheat ground, finally return-
ing with the wheat. The rude block and
pestle served the purpose of the pioneer before
the erection of mills, but it was a very imper-
fect and laborious method of obtaining meal
and hominy.

EARLY ROADS.

Another matter to which the settlers early
gave attention was the construction of road-.
At first there were nothing but the "blazed"
pathways and the old Indian trails. These
could suffice, however, for but a short time
as the population increased. Accordingly we
find that the first business transacted by the
count)- commissioners on the organization of
the county related to the construction of a
road. The entry on the commissioners' record
is as follows: "June 15. [808. A petition for
a county road on west side of Whetstone
(Olentangy) River, beginning at the Indian
line; thence t<> south lines of the county, as
near the river as ground and river angles will
permit. Petition granted, and Messrs.
Byxbe, Nathaniel Wyatt and Josiah McKin-
nie appointed viewers, and Azariah Root, sur-
veyor." This road was afterward abandoned
when the Columbus and Sandusky Pike Road
was given a charter. The road as fust con-

structed was used as a military road during
the War of 181 2, the supplies to our army at
Fort Meigs being transported over it. The
road constructed later by the Columbus and
Sandusky Pike Road Company runs a little
west of this road and about where the pres-
ent pike is located. The old road is still made
use of by some of the farmers as a lane. The
first road company chartered in central Ohio
by the legislature was this Columbus and
Sandusky Pike Road Company, and Delaware
County had several of the incorporators —
William Little, Reuben Lamb, Hosea Wil-
liams, Ezra Griswold and Milo Pettibone. In
about a decade, however, the charter was re-
voked, as the road was not constructed ac-
cording to specifications, and the matter was
placed in the hands of a Board of Commission-
ers. The toll gates were done away with, but
for a long - time the road was in a very unsatis-
factory condition. It is hard to realize, in this
modern era. the annoyance to which travelers
were subjected by the toll gates. It is easy to
understand, however, the mood which led
many a one to evade them, when possible, and
to appreciate the state of mind which would
be experienced when the traveler, after floun-
dering through the mud would be compelled to
pay directly for the privilege. The stage-
coach was the only public means for transpi >r-
tation of passengers and, in the palmy days of
this institution the fare was five cents per pas-
senger.

Delaware County is abundantly blessed
with good roads at the present time, having ap-
proximately 1600 miles of road, at least one-
fourth of which is already piked or in the proc-
ess of being so. The pikes have, until re-
cently, been largely confined to the western
part of the county, their cost of construction
here being much less than in the east. At the
present time, however, in accord with the gen-
eral movement for good roads that is asserting
itself throughout the State, many miles of road
in the eastern part of the county are being
piked and it will not be long until this portion
nt the count_\- will compare favorably with
any other.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

The pioneer tavern was an institution of
great importance, just as it is in later times,
though in lesser degree, under another name.
It was not long after the county began to be
settled until we find these hostelries being es-
tablished in various parts of the county as the
need for them arose. They were compelled to
pay a license in early times and, among the
first records of the county commissioners is to
be found an order fixing the price of licenses
at $6.00 for the town and $4.00 for the coun-
try. It was afterwards raised, in 1814, to
$13.00 and S7.00. As descriptive of the first
tavern established in the town of Delaware and
typical of the institution itself, we quote from,
an article by Dr. Ralph Hills in the Western
Collegian, a paper formerly published in Dela-
ware : "The Pioneer Tavern was a few rods
south-east of the 'Medicine Water." It was
on the plateau just east of the ridge that lies
south of the spring, and terminated near there,
some three or four rods om\ ard from the pres-
ent street. The first house was a double
roomed one, with a loft, standing north and
south, facing the east, and was built of round
logs, 'chinked and daubed.' In course of time, a
second house, two stories high, was added, built
of hewed logs, and placed east and west, at
right angles with the south end of the first
building, with a little space between them. In
this space was the well with its curb, and its
tall, old-fashioned, but easy-working 'well-
sweep.' Around at the southwest of this was
the log barn and the blacksmith shop, and a
double granary or corn-crib, with a space be-
tween for its many purposes, as necessary, in-
deed, as the kitchen is for household purposes.
Here was the grind-stone, the shaving-horse,
the hewing block, the tools of all kinds and the
pegs for hanging up traps of all sorts. Here
the hog was scalded and dressed, the deer,
raccoon and 'possum were skinned, and their
skins stretched and dried, or tanned. Here
also were the nuts cracked and dried. For
many reasons it has a bright place in the
memories of boy-hood. How few know the
importance of the pioneer tavern in early days.
It was, of course, the place of rest for the
weary traveler, whether on foot or on horse.

It was many a day before a 'dearborn' or a
'dandy-wagon' was known on the road. But
it was much more than this and seemed the
emporium of everything. It was the market
place for all; the hunter with his venison and
turkeys ; the trapper with his skins and furs ;
and the knapsack peddler — the pioneer mer-
chant — here gladdened the hearts of all with
his 'boughten' wares. At this tavern, too,
were all public gatherings called, to arrange
for a general hunt, to deal out justice to some
transgressor of the unwritten but well known
pioneer laws. In fact it was here, at a later
period, that the first organized county court
was held, with the grand jury in the tavern
loft and the petit jury under a neighboring
shade tree."

It was only seven years after the Liberty
settlement was started that Delaware County
was organized into a separate civil subdivis-
ion of the state. It is interesting to trace the
evolution of the Ohio counties. We have al-
ready mentioned the fact in a former chapter
that the first county to be established in the
present territory of Ohio was Washington,
which, in the beginning, embraced about one-
half of the present area of Ohio. The second
county to be established was Hamilton. Al-
though it included, at the first, only a strip be-
tween the two Miamis, it was afterwards en-
larged to include an area extending to the
Scioto River which was the western boundary
of Washington. It would seem that the terri-
tory which is now Delaware County was on
the boundary line between these two original
counties, portions of it lying in both of them.
It had likewise been included within the boun-
daries of several other counties before it was
set off as a separate division. The sixth
county to be formed was Ross, which included
Delaware. Franklin was formed from Ross
and Delaware was taken off of Franklin. The
original boundaries of Delaware County, how-
ever, were originally more extensive than they
are now. Three different times has its terri-
t< try been taken to form other counties. Tn
1820 a large part of Delaware County went
to the formation of Union County. In 1824
Marion County took a slice off of the northern

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

part, and in 1848 Morrow County took five
whole townships, leaving the present area of
Delaware County about 500 square miles.

ORGANIZATION OF DELAWARE COUNTY.

The Act of the Legislature creating Dela-
ware County was passed February 10. 1808. It
provided that from and after the first day of
the next April the county of Delaware should
be vested with all the privileges, powers and
immunities of a separate and distinct county.
and stipulated that an election should be called
for the first Monday of the next May. At this
election the following officers were chosen,
viz.: John Welch, Ezekiel Brown and Avery
Powers, commissioners; Rev. Jacob Drake,
treasurer; Dr. Reuben Lamb, recorder; Solo-
mon Smith, sheriff, and Azariah Root, sur-
veyor.

The first thing necessary after the passage
of the act establishing the county itself, was
the location of the county seat; and for this
purpose special commissioners were appointed
by the General Assembly. Only a short time
previous to the organization of the county the
town of Delaware had been laid out by Moses
Byxbe and Henry Baldwin, a resident of
Pittsburg. By the act which created the
county, Delaware was made the temporary seat
of justice, pending the choice of a permanent
location; and both Delaware and Berkshire,
laid out some years before, as has already been
mentioned, now became contestants for the
honor. Had Moses Byxbe retained the early
interest which he had in Berkshire, perhaps it
might have been successful, but he had now de-
voted all his energies to building up the town
of I lelaware and this, together with its natural
advantages, decided the matter in its favor.
The inhabitants of Berkshire, however, per-
sisted in their efforts fur a number of years,
in the hope thai the) might still secure the
honor.

A court house was not provided for until
the year 1815, when the commissioners let a
contract for the building of .me at a cost of
$8,000. This structure was afterwards burned
and business, as well as eourt. was conducted

in various rooms in the town until the erection
of the present structure in 1870. at a cost of
$81 1.000. The Court House is a substantial
brick building, well adapted to the require-
ments of such a building. The first session of
the Common Pleas Court was held in the tav-
ern of Joseph Barber, already mentioned, and
was conducted by Judge Belt, of Chillicothe.
Owing to the diminutive character of the
building, the grand jury were under the neces-
sity of conducting their deliberations under a
shade tree nearby, while the petit jury occu-
pied similar quarters in the neighborhood, both
under the espionage of constables. The first
civil case was an action brought by Jacob
Drake against Elias Palmer for boarding,
money loaned, and other claims. The first case
to be considered by the grand jury was that of
the State of Ohio against Valentine Martin.

The first jail was built of logs and was lo-
cated on the hill overlooking the Delaware run
at the corner of Franklin and what is now Uni-
versity Avenue. It was twelve by twenty-four
feet and a rather crude affair. The pris-
oners showed their contempt for it by securing
an exit to the roof and then crowing lustily
before taking their departure. There have
been three other jails built since then, one- in
1814 and another in 1850. The present jail,
which is not without claims to architectural
beauty, was erected in 1878. The contract
for the building was let at $22,000, but extras
were added until the total cost amounted to

$25,845.35- .

The original act creating Delaware County

authorized the Associate Justices to divide the
c< unity into such townships as were necessary.
The first division was into three townships, as
follows : "All east of the eighteenth range
was made the township of Berkshire; all west
and north of the north line of the fourth tier
of townships, and a continued line west was
made the township of Radnor; all south of
Radnor and west of Berkshire was made the
township of Libert}-. As the population in-
creased, however, other divisions were found
necessary. Townships were established from
time to time by the commissioners until the
county, at one time, contained as high as twen-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

ty-four. The names of these were: Berk-
shire, Bennington, Berlin, Brown, Concord,
Delaware, Genoa, Harlem, Harmony, Kings-
ton, Liberty, Lincoln, Marlborough, Orange,
Oxford, Peru, Porter, Radnor, Scioto, Sun-
bury. Thompson, Trenton, Troy and West-
field. As has already been mentioned, a num-
ber of these townships have gone to form other
counties, and one. Sunbury, has been entirely
obliterated in the re-arrangement of township
lines, though its territory still remains within
the county.

We have already mentioned the towns of
New Baltimore and Berkshire as having been
laid out during the first years in which settlers
came to the county, the former, however, never
having had any existence except on paper. The
next town to be platted was Norton, laid out
by James Kilbourne, and the next, the present
county seat, which was laid out by Henry
Baldwin and Moses Byxbe, the first site having
been on the east side of the Olentangy, but
afterwards removed to the west side of the
river. This was on March 10, 1808. We give
herewith a tabular statement of the towns
which have since been laid out within the
county :

Name. Date. Original Proprietors.

Galena (originally called Zoar) April 20, 1816 William Carpenter.

Sunbury November 9. 1816 William and Laurence Myers.

Delhi (now Radnor) August 7, 1833 Edward Evans

Bellepoint September 16, 1835 James Kooken.

East Liberty March 16. 1836 William Page & E. Lindenberger.

Olive Greene May 10, 1836 C. Lindenberger and Festus Sprague.

Rome September 2, 1836 D. Price and Amos Sarles.

Eden September 27. 1836 D. G. Thurston and Isaac Leonard.

Williamsville December 8. 1836 Anson Williams.

Freedon April 23, 1841 Jesse Locke and J. G. Jones.

Centerville March 2. 1848 Edward Hartwin and B. Roberts.

Cheshire March 10, 1849 F. J. Adams.

Ashley (originally Oxford] May 15, 1849 L. Walker and J. C. Avery.

Harlem July 2.^, 1849 A. Washburn and James Budd.

Stratford May 11, 1850 Hosea Williams and H. G. Andrews.

Edinburg

Leonardsburg March 13. 1852 S. G. Caulkins.

Ostrander March 20, 1852 James Ligget.

Orange Station July 29, 1852 George and H. J. Jarvis.

Lewis Center j u l y 3 g. ^2 William S. Lewis.

Tanktown (now Berlin) April 3, 185S John B. Black.

Powell February 1. [876 A. G. Hall.

Hyattsville February 6. 1876 H. A. Hyatt.

Radnor March 9, 1876 Thomas Edwards.

The following excellent review of the early
political history of the county was written a
number of years ago by Hon. James R. Hub-
bell, a sketch of whose notable career will be
found in the chapter on the "Bench and Bar" :

"In the early history of Delaware County
there was but little party strife. The act of
the General Assembly creating the county was
passed the last year of the administration of
Thomas Jefferson, and the exciting events of
the War of 1812, which soon followed, wiped
out the old Federal party which so bitterly as-
sailed Mr. Jefferson. The war treasures of
Mr. Madison and the Republican party in Con-
gress were earnestly supported by the citizens
generally throughout the county. The scram-
ble for the 'loaves and fishes' of office, com-
pared with a later date, was almost nothing.
But few offices were sought for their emolu-
ments. The most lucrative offices were filled by
appointment and not by popular election. The
most important offices, then as now, was that
of county auditor, which was filled by appoint-
ment of the county commissioners. It was not
until the year 1821 that the office was made
elective by the popular vote. The county treas-
urer, surveyor and recorder of deeds were also

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

appointed by the commissioners. The pn >se-
cuting attorney and clerk of the cdtirt were
appointed by the court. . These officers were
made elective by the law of 1833. In most
cases the offices were filled by faithful and
competent men. The appointing power con-
ferred by the legislature upon the commission-
ers and the court, although anti-Republican
in principle, seems to be, judging from the ex-
perience of the past, the best calculated to se-
cure efficiency and competency in office. Ex-
perience has shown that the less frequently
changes are made, the better it is for the pub-
lic service. The early records of the county
show, under the appointing power, but few
changes. From 1820 until [830, the duties of
the county auditor were faithfully discharged
by Solomon Smith, an honest and competent
officer, and he was succeeded by General Sid-
ney Moore, who efficiently and satisfactorily
performed the duties of the office during the
period of another decade.

"In 1822 Thomas Reynolds succeeded his
brother-in-law, the Rev. Joseph Hughes, in the
office of clerk of the court, which he retained
until 1838, when he voluntarily resigned. Mr.
Reynolds was a man remarkable for his per-
gonal attractions, and possessed qualifications
for public and official duties of a high order,
and his resignation of the office was a matter
of universal regret with both bench and bar,
as well as the public. The office of county
surveyor, for about twenty years (from 1822
to 1842) was filled by James Eaton, a skilful
and accurate officer: he was subsequently pro-
moted to the office of county auditor and State
senator. Of those who figured most conspicu-
ously in early politics and on official stations
were Joseph Eaton, Azariah Root, Solomon
Smith. Elias Murray, 1 'anion Sprague and
Sidney Moure ami his brother, Emery Moore.
During the eight years of the administration
of James Monroe (the fifth President), be-
tween the years 1817 and 1S25. there was no
party politics. This period in our national his-
tory has been called the "era of good feeling,"
and during this time Delaware County seemed
peculiarly favored and exempt from political
animosity and strife.

"The Presidential election of 1824 was at-
tended with unusual excitement — probably the
most exciting of any election that has ever
taken place in the country, with the exception
of the Presidential election of 1800, which re-
sulted, in the success of Mr. Jefferson over the
elder Adams. At this election the Presidential
candidates were General Jackson, of Tennes-
see ; Henry Clay, of Kentucky ; John O.
Adams, of Massachusetts, and William H.
Crawford, of Georgia. Each of these dis-
tinguished gentlemen had his friends, who
supported their favorite candidates from per-
sonal preference and not from considerations
of party. At that election Mr. Clay was the
choice of a majority of the voters of Delaware
County, as he was of a majority of the voters
of the State of Ohio, but he was not elected.
In the Electoral College General Jackson led
Mr. Adams by a small plurality, and Mr.
Crawford was in number the third on the list
of candidates and Mr. Clay was dropped fn >m
the canvass. Neither candidates having a ma-
jority of the electoral vote under the constitu-
tional rule, upon the House of Representatives
devolved the duty of making choice of Presi-
dent, each state by its delegation in Congress
casting one vote. Mr. Adams was chosen by
the casting vote of the State of Kentucky. Mr.
Clay was a member of the House of Represen-
tatives, and its speaker, and it was doubtless
owing to Ohio's great influence and popularity
that the delegation from Kentucky was in-
duced to cast its vote of that state for Mr.
Adams, an Eastern man. in preference to Gen-
eral Jackson, a Western and Southern man.
By that act Mr. Clay was instrumental in or-
ganizing political parties that survived the
generation of people to which he belonged, and
ruled in turn the destinies of the Republic for
more than a quarter of a century. In the new
Cabinet Air. Clay was placed by Mr. Adams at
the head of the State Department, which gave
rise to the charge of 'bargain and sale' be-
tween the President and his chief secretary,
that threw the country into a blaze of excite-
ment from center to circumference. At this
nine no one doubts the patriotism and honesty
of Henry Clay, but the charge was so persist-

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

ently made by the partisians of General Jack-
sun, it greatly injured Mr. Clay in the public
estimation, and contributed largely to the gen-
eral's success in the Presidential race of 1828.
At the Presidential election following party
lines were closely drawn between General
Jackson and Mr. Adams, but the result of a
hot and bitter contest was a small majority
for the Adams electoral ticket in the county,
as there was in the State. General Jackson,
the hero of Xew Orleans, was most trium-
phantly elected both by the electoral and popu-
lar vote, and on the following 4th of March the
political power and official patronage of the

tuntry passed into his hands. At this time
parties were known here, as elsewhere through-

1 lUt the country, as the Jackson and anti-Jack-
son party. Delaware was almost uniformly
classed by her vote as anti-Jackson. In 1S24
Governor Jeremiah Morrow. anti-Jackson, was
re-elected Governor of Ohio, receiving a small
majority over Allen Trimble, of the same poli-
tical faith and his principal competitor. Cap-
tain Elias Murray. anti-Jackson, was. at the
same election, returned to the House of Rep-
resentatives in the State Legislature, and re-
elected in 1825. Allen Trimble was elected at
the October election in 1826 to succeed Gover-
nor Morrow, receiving quite a large majority
in the county and State ; Pardon Sprague,
anti-Jackson, was chosen successor to Captain
Murray in the State. Legislature, and re-elected
in 1827. In 1828 Governor Trimble was re-
elected over Hon. John W. Campbell, the Jack-
son candidate, long a distinguished member of
Congress from Ohio. Governor Trimble's ma-
jority was little less than three thousand in
the popular vote, and a little over two thou-
sand in the county. Milo D. Pettibone. anti-
Jackson, at the same election, was elected Mr.
Sprague's successor in the Legislature. Mr.
Campbell was a member of Congress when Mr.
Adams was chosen President by the House of
Representatives, and was known to be opposed
to Mr. Adams and for General Jackson. Im-
mediately upon the accession of General Jack-
son to the Presidency, Mr. Campbell was re-
warded for his friendship and fidelity to the
General's fortunes with the appointment of

United States District Judge for the District
of Ohio. While holding a term of his court in
Columbus, in the summer of 1833, he was
taken suddenly ill, came to Delaware for the
benefit of the sulphur spring water, and in a
few days died — we believe, of cholera. At the
election of 1829, Col. B. F. Allen, who was
known as a friend of the Administration, was
returned to the Legislature. He was succeeded
by Amos Utley, of Berkshire, in 1830. The
senatorial district, of which Delaware County
was a part, was composed of Crawford. Mar-
ion and Delaware Counties during this period.
and from about the year 1828 to the year 1832.
Charles Carpenter, anti-Jackson — a merchant
living in Sunbury — then quite a young man.
represented the district. He was from Lu-
zerne County, in the Wyoming Valley, and the
family connection in the eastern part of the
county was quite numerous and influential in
its early history. Senator Carpenter subse-
quently moved West — we think to Missouri —
where he held several official positions and
died soon after the close of the late Civil
War.

"In 183 1. General Storm, who was anti-
Jackson, was elected to the Legislature by a
small majority, over B. F. Allen, the Jackson
candidate. General Sti >rm obtained his mili-
tary title by being elected by the Legislature
to the office of Major General in the 'Peace
Establishment.' He died before the close of
his legislative term, greatly lamented by his
constituents and a numerous family connec-
tion. He was quite young and his friends had
predicted for him a successful political ca-
reer.

"In the Presidential campaign of 1832
such was. or had become, the popularity of
General Jackson, he swept everything before
him. Colonel James W. Crawford, who was
a lieutenant in the company commanded by
Captain Elias Murray in the War of 18 12.
was elected as the Administration candidate,
the successor of Senator Carpenter, and Cap-
tain John Curtis, Administration candidate,
was returned to the House of Representatives
and re-elected in 1833. General Sidney Moore
was re-elected auditor and his brother, Emery.

8 4

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

re-elected sheriff. The entire anti-Administra-
tion county ticket was elected, except the Whig
candidate for the Legislature. At the election
in 1832, Robert Lucas, the Jackson candidate,
was elected governor over Darius Lyman, the
candidate on the Clay ticket, by several thou-
sand majority, although Delaware County cast
a majority of her votes for Mr. Clay for Presi-
dent and Mr. Lyman for Governor. It was
about this time that the two great parties as-
sumed distinctive names. The Administration
party took the name of Democrat, and the op-
position that of Whig. Delaware County was
a Whig county. In 1834 Emery Moore was
elected to the State Legislature, and General
Andrew H. Patterson, then postmaster at
Delaware and a Democrat, was elected sheriff
as the successor of Mr. Moore. General Pat-
terson was a most remarkable man in many
particulars. He was a saddler by occupation
and his education in early life had been neg-
lected, but he had great tact and shrewdness in
the management of men, and was the most
successful electioneer Delaware County ever
had. He was re-elected sheriff in 1836, and
in 1838 was elected to the Legislature over
Judge Hosea Williams, Whig, by a majority
of twelve votes, and in 1839 was elected by a
majority of several hundred votes over Hon.
T. W. Powell, the Whig candidate. General
Patterson met with pecuniary losses in late
life, moved West, and it is believed he never
retrieved his fortune.

"The Whigs carried the county in 1836
for General William H. Harrison for Presi-
dent, and Joseph Vance, Whig, for Governor,
over their opponents, by large majorities, and
the entire Whig ticket was elected, except Dr.
Carney, the Whig candidate for the Legisla-
ture, who was defeated by Colonel B. F. Al-
len, Democrat, by a majority of nine votes.
The importance of one vote is to be seen in
the result of this election. Upon the Legisla-
ture chosen at this election devolved the duty
of electing a senator in Congress to succeed
the Honorable Thomas Ewing, whose term
would expire the 4th of March following. Mr.
Ewing was a candidate for re-election and was
the favorite of his party in Ohio and the West.

Colonel Allen had known Mr. Ewing in early
life and his friends claimed, or represented in
all parts of the county, that he would support
Mr. Ewing if he were the choice of the county.
On election day printed petitions were pre-
sented at every election precinct for names,
asking the Representative to support Mr.
Ewing for re-election. The ruse accomplished
its object. Colonel Allen was elected by a ma-
jority of nine votes and his vote elected the
late Governor William Allen over Mr. Ewing.
To whit extent, if at all. Colonel Allen was a
party to the fraud, it is not known. He was a
man of great firmness, but he was a zealous
partisan, and possibly he may have yielded to
the influence and demands of his party, his
conviction of duty, against his will, although
ordinarily an honest man. At the following
election in 1837, Dr. Carney, on the 'Ewing
Fraud,' as it was called, was elected over
Colonel Allen by over a hundred; and, in 1838
Allen was elected to the State Senate. It was
at this election the late William Shannon, of
Lawrence, Kansas, was elected Governor of
Ohio over Governor Joseph Vance, Whig, but
the Whig ticket for the county offices was
elected, except Judge Williams, who was de-
feated by General Patterson for Representa-
tive. In 1839 the entire Democratic ticket,
for the first time after its organization, was
elected, viz. : William W. Warner, commis-
sioner; Albert Pickett, Jr., recorder; George
W. Stark, treasurer, and Morgan Williams,
assessor. The average majority for these
candidates was 300. The 'hard cider' cam-
paign of 1840 greatly increased the forces of
the Whig party, and the Whig ticket was
elected by an average majority of over 600,
viz.: Emery Moore was again chosen, to the
State Legislature; Colonel John F. Dunlap,
county auditor; Peleg Banker, re-elected sher-
iff; Horatio P. Havens, commissioner, and D.
T. Fuller, prosecuting attorney. It was during
the memorable campaign of 840, the (Liberty
Party' was organized, and a ticket for. Presi-
dent and Vice-president nominated. For sev-
eral years previous the anti-slavery agitation
had been making, slowly but unmistakably, it*-
deep impressions on the public mind, and more

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

especially the minds of the religious portion of
the people, but it was not until about this pe-
riod that the friends of the cause of emancipa-
tion proposed political action. James G. Bir-
ney, a former slave-holder of Kentucky, but
then a resident of Michigan, was at the head of
the ticket, and Thomas Morris, of Ohio, placed
second. The electoral ticket for the candidates
received about one hundred votes in the county.
This vote was taken principally from the Whig-
party. Four years later the vote of the party
was largely increased. This organization was
possibly premature and misguided, but no
party was ever actuated by loftier and purer
motives. The Anti-slavery movement was
not. at that time, larger than the cloud the
Hebrew prophet saw, that so rapidly spread
over the whole heavens, and filled the earth
with refreshing showers. At this time no one
expected to live to see the institution of negro
slavery in America abolished, but in less than
the period allotted by Providence to a genera-
tion of men, by an amendment to the Federal
Constitution, slavery and involuntary servitude
of every species, in all the States and terri-
tories belonging to the American Union, was
forever abolished.

"But notwithstanding the drafts the An-
ti-slavery party, the Temperance party and
other parties from time to time, made upon
the Whigs, they continued to be the dominant
party until the repeal of the Missouri Com-
promise in 1854, which led to the organization
of the Republican party which then was, and
still is, in the ascendency in Delaware County."

Vote of Delaware County for Governor
beginning with the first vote after the organi-
zation of the county :

1808 — Republican, S. Huntington (elec-
ted). 123. Republican, T. Worthington, 21.
Republican, T. Kriker.

1810 — Republican, R. J. Meigs, 21. Re-
publican. R. J. Meigs, Jr., (elected) 17. Re-
publican, Thomas Worthington, 152.

18 12 — Vote for Governor, Delaware
County, omitted in the Senate Journal. R. J.
Meigs, Federalist, elected.

1814 — Republican, Thomas Worthington
(elected), 131. Federalist, O. Looker, 196.

1816 — Republican, T. Worthington (elec-
ted), 300. James Dunlap, 167. Ethan A.
Brown, 42.

1818 — Republican, Ethan A. Brown
(elected), 578. James Dunlap, 132.

1820 — Democrat. Ethan A. Brown (elec-
ted), 726. Jeremiah Morrow, 34. Wm. H.
Harrison, 5.

1822 — Democrat, Jeremiah Morrow (elec-
ted), 50. Wm. W. Irwin, 742. Federalist,
Allen Trimble, 419.

1824 — Democrat, Jeremiah Morrow (elec-
ted), 141. National Republican, Allen Trim-
ble, 950.

1826 — National Republican, Allen Trim-
ble (elected), 846. Democrat, John Bigger,
127. Republican, Alex. Campbell, 103.

1828 — National Republican, Allen Trim-
ble (elected), 758. Democrat, John W. Camp-
bell, 379.

1830 — National Republican, Duncan Mc-
Arthur (elected), 769. Democrat, Robert Lu-
cas, 381.

1832 — Democrat, Robert Lucas (elected),
769. Whig and Anti-Mason, Darius Lyman,
841.

1834 — Democrat, Robert Lucas elected),
850. Whig, James Findlay. 660.

1836— Whig, Joseph Vance (elected), 1,-
35J. Democrat. Eli Baldwin, 1,158.

1838 — Democrat, Wilson Shannon (elec-
ted), 1,668. Whig, Joseph Vance, 1,770.

1840 — Whig, Thomas Corwin (elected),
2,386. Democrat, Wilson Shannon, 1.761.

1842 — Democrat, Wilson Shannon (elec-
ted), 1,876. Whig, Thomas Corwin, 2,141.
Abolitionist, Leicester King. 112.

1844 — Whig, Mordecai Bartley (elected),
2,456. Democrat. David Tod, 203. Abolition-
ist, Leicester King, 159.

1846 — Whig. William Babb (elected). 2,-
01 1. Democrat, David Tod, 1.576. Aboli-
tionist, Samuel Lewis, 195.

1848 — Whig, Seabury Ford (elected), 2,-
205. Democrat. John B. Weller, 2,006.

1850 — Democrat, Reuben Wood (elected).
2,015. Whig, William Johnston, 2.347. Aboli-
tionist. Edward Smith. 150.

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

185 1 — Democrat, Reuben Wood (elected),
1,787. Whig, Samuel F. Vinton. 1,670. Ab-
olitionist, Samuel Lewis, 158.

1853 — Democrat. William Medill (elec-
ted), 1,787. Whig, Nelson Barrere, 104.
Abolitionist, Samuel Lewis, 1,639.

1855 — Republican, Salmon P. Chase (elec-
ted), 1.602. Democrat. Wm. Medill, 1.245.
American, Allen Trimble. 259.

1857 — Republican, Salmon P. Chase ( elec-
ted), 2,007. Democrat, H. B. Payne, 1,576.
American, P. VanTrump, 24.

1859 — Republican, Wm. Dennison, Jr.,
(elected), 2,358. Democrat, Rufus P. Ranney,
1,776.

1861 — Republican, David Tod (elected),
2,661. Democrat. Hugh J. Jewett, 1.437.

[863 — Republican, John Brough (elected),
3,173. Democrat, C. S. Vallandigham, 1,475.

1865 — Republican, Jacob D. Cox (elected).
2.480 (Home Army) 11 — total. 2,491. Dem-
ocrat, George W. Morgan, 1,668 (Home
Army) 1 — total. 1,669.

1867 — Republican, R. B. Hayes (elected),
2,727. Democrat, A. G. Thurman, 2.31 1.

1869 — Republican, Rutherford B. Hayes
(elected), 2,685. Democrat. George W. Pen-
dleton, 2,043.

1871 — Republican, Edward F. Noyes
(elected), 2,610. Democrat, George W. Ale-
Cook, 2,072.

1873 — Republican, Edward F. Noyes
(elected), 2,095, Democrat, William Allen,

[,937-

[875 — Republican, Rutherford 11. Haves
(elected), 2,835. Democrat. William Allen,
2.708.

[877 — Republican, William II. Wesl
(elected), 2,383. Democrat, Richard M.
Bishop, 2,501.

1879 — Republican, Charles Foster ("elec-
ted ). 3,246. Democrat. Thomas Ewing, 3.014.

1881 — Republican. Charles Foster (elec-
ted). 3,066. Democrat, John W. Bookwalter.

-'•''43.

1883 — Republican, Joseph B. Foraker, 3,-
403. Democrat, George Hoadley (elected),

1885 — Republican, Joseph B. Foraker
(elected), 3,179. Democrat, George Hoadley,

2,9I5-

1887 — Republican, Joseph B. Foraker

(elected), 3,159. Democrat, Thomas E. Pow-
ell, 3,048.

1889 — Republican, Joseph B. Foraker, 3,-
335. Democrat, James E. Campbell (elected),
3,017.

1891 — Republican, William McKinley
(elected), 3,149. Democrat, James E. Camp-
bell, 2J>J- ? .^

1893 — Republican. William McKinley
(elected), 3,490. Democrat, L. T. Neal, 2,-
526.

1805 — Republican, Asa S. Bushnell (elec-
ted), 3,405. Democrat, James E. Campbell.
2.426.

1897— Republican, Asa S. Bunhnell (elec-
ted), 3.386. Democrat, Horace L. Chapman,
3,051. Prohibitionist, John C. Holliday, 112.
Total vote of county, 6,747.

1899 — Republican, George K. Nash (elec-
ted), 3,587. Democrat, John R. McLean, 3,-
031. Prohibitionist, Seth H. Ellis, 175. Total
vote cast, 7,109.

1 90 1 — Republican, George K. Nash (elec-
ted). 3.550. Democrat, James Kilbourne, 2.-
962. Prohibitionist, E. Jay Pinney, 117. Total
vote cast. 6,692.

1903 — Republican. Myron T. Herrick
(elected), 3.552. Democrat, Tom L. Johnson,
2,871. Prohibitionist, Nelson D. Cramer. 168.
Total vote cast, 6,771.

1905 — Republican. Myron T. Herrick. 3,-
130. Democrat, John M. Pattison ( elected 1 .
3.419. Prohibitionist. Aaron S. Watkins, 126.
Total vote cast, 6.842.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

Tabulated Vote for Governor, Representatives and Principal County Officials
From October, 1824. to October, 1834, and for October, 1838

October. 1824

Governor

Representative

Commissioner

Sheriff

Coroner

Auditor

TOWNSHIPS

—

■ fa
fa

rt
fa

5;
ce

47
32
4
11
18
9
21
6
1
2

6
24

5
24

5
11

4
48

293

o
.o

o
o

■a

•a

75
45
10
12
3
9
12

14
2

2
5

■ 2 i
2
11

30
20

u
-_

43
10

16
5
6
38
10

10
1(1
36
18
1
2
5
19
2
4

.so

119
73
31
v>

21
52
25

5
18
10
15
11
44
37
38
74
25
13
25

c
c
a
c-

c
at

136

re
11

12
10
33
10
24
10
2

2
1
4

16
4

3
1

75
44
2S
13
2

25
5
10
4
3
1
8

21
6
38
13
18
15
8
8

16
9

11
2
2

137
73
33
26
12
51
14
19
3

13
13

64
16

31
18
8
9
14
11
9
12
6
6
1
5
3
3
6
28
11

4
4

28
14
2
4
3
11
7

26
2
1

24
41
31
3
117
12

38
14

135
86
34
26
23
60
28
30
18

40
56
68
39
143
82
38
29
69
18

10
12

8
27
47
55

7
145
IS

8
29
65

6
3
6
13
!6
3
3
1

2
6

2
2

8
60
33
131
11

25
"l

5
6
8
16
1
27
~4
9
11
10
5s

6
15

Radnor

58
30
27
21
11
39
56
S3
44
141
So
89
24
06
18

3
4

8
6
5
4
21
30
2
89
5
1
2
9
1

Oxford

11
9
1

36
1(1
62
28

18
2

7
1

Westfield

95U

141

310

196

214

560

467

366

307

229

184

662

396

1059

October. 1825

Representative

Commissioner

TOWNSHIPS

cfi

61
35
3

S
9
18
6
1

6
5

-
1

">
O
O

87
26

•a
5

48
26
11
2
1

•c
:
rt

■0

cj
X

9
2

• z
bj

=
6

61
27
45
23

8
43
20

>■.

1-3

86
17
6
2

16
5
24

"26
2
4

"5
1

2
4

2
2
4

be
=

Liberty

Concord

5
10

Thompson

l!
18
15

"is

19
12

Marlborough

Troy

2
5

Oxford

Peru

6
l:;

9
17

5
21
21
40
12

2S3

2
4
33

11
241

Burlington

in
124
13

4
9

1
1

Berkshire

1
....

;s
3
20

1
1

21
12

Berlin

Harlem

52
5

121

Westfield

1ST

150

;;:;

610

.„..

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

TABULATED VOTE— Continued

October. 1826

Governor

Congress

Representative

Sheriff

Commissioner

Aud-
itor

TOWNSHIP

6 03
.-O

1
1

1-3

a,
a

■ji o

p-0

-t *
I 1

£
o

•-i

c
o
o
S

o
o
C5

. z

*"3

•-a

S
0)

p.
u

94
3
23
35
42
45
66
121
31
4li
27
62
25
26
59
2U
72
35
21
1

5
6
1

4
1

1
1

8
60

83
35

8
32
29
15

4
11

5
18

1
22

52
28
15

9
46
24
52

28
18
25

5
10
13
16

68
46
17
30
31
11

5
18

3
11

5
16
23
19
18

5
37
18
23

66
10
3
10
37

(

1
3
3
3
2

1
7

79
16
19
31
26
23
31
43
13
34
27
45
•js
20
23
IS
31
35
12
3

35
41

5
37
3
3
2

8
8
13
21

28
B
2
8
14
26
31
97
32
10

1
5

18
1

65
3
'j

10
29

7
5

1
1
9
19

40
55
25
11
46
19
38
42
3
11
23
3
9

36
5

139

9
1
2
13

ia;

38
16
1
41
1
6
24
14
67

1
2
2

3
22
2

8
8
5

6
6
11

17
75
40
38
2
53

2
6
24
1
•>

27
24
18

35
8

Berlin

135

(',:;

Westfield

40
1
13

1
1
1

1
8

2
29

8
22

1
6
21

2
1

40
26
24

157

846

103

127

329

393

3S1

410

169

221

118

148

557

207

339

417

109

387

1082

OcUber. 1827

Congress

Representa-
tive

Commis-
si.. n.T

reasurer

Assessor

TOWNSHIP

cCO

79
62
20

5
21
120
26
61

5
16

;;4
57

25
34
36

7
10
52
13
44
22

c c

£0

o-o

>-3

■ Iti

p, g

X O

a
BO

si
a, t-

js a

BSO

rtrt
3H

34
9

10
2

6
5

27
6

IS
9

l.\
6
5

67
28
7
9
21
90
21
4
4
3
21
85
5
:t

17
II
:is
11

16
10U
20
51
36
44
22
61
36
43
15
27
20
33
16
28
25
19
38
2
10
15

630

59
22
4
17
43

35
54

23
40
54

17
9
19
45
10

84
23
44
13
92
10
14
23
21

8
18
35
32
11
18
1
3
6
2
12

64
74
25
12
28
107
38
17
13
32
35
43
21
36
27

25
16
53
7
47
15

1
49

6
29

4
20
24
II

3
14

4
15

23
2
4

4
2

16
102

1
37
19
15

1
41

ii'

3
1

4
86

1
43

26
4
1

10
1
7
6

54
24
35
13

<>
3
12

1
3

29
2

1
1

•j;

•j

3
1
8

10
17

15
10

751

152

225

523

498

766

269

304

147

411

16 1

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

TABULATED VOTE-Continued

Oclcber. 1828

Governor

Representa.
tlve

Auditor

Sheriff

Commissioner

TOWNSHIP

- -

9
n|

3
55

•"3 Z.

O 3

—

-3
"3
3
H

>i
u

O
-1

O
0)

Berkshire

9S
511
IT
11
13
88
45
22

52
10

9
12
34

■>o
14
11

1
35
15

8
10
24
47
25
10
20
21

61
36
24

18
88
47
35

4
37
73
15
17
30
31
45
21
26
20
31
23

9
20

18
3
1
4
29
39
14

11
1

28
13

32
16

7
20

152
60
34
24

47
126
60
35
26
48
73
15
45
43
35
68
24
5S
35
32
34
29
24

7
1

54
54
11
11
15

50
55
32

108
9
9
4
3

Delaware

Genoa

10
t

22
12
13

39
15
15
14

1
47
24

2
25
11

70
43
28

40
30

37
IS

4
57

3
35

8
17
36

8
14

4
29
IS
19

Harmon v

Kingston

10
26
29
38

u
u

9 2
24

1
3

12
14
11
17
23

37
53
14

32
8
29
11

30
15

Marlboro

Oxford

Peru

Porter ,

Scioto

Sunburv

Troy

Thompson

UVstrieltl

758

319

654

455

856

251

lose

410

409

443

442 1

October. 1829

Representative

Commissioner

Treasurer

Assessor

TOWNSHIP

Z
<

7Z
O

x
E

■-

2
C
T.

?-
u
-

8
13

117
53
34
11

10
15
19
4
43

14
1

10
18
28
12
6
33
2

5
14
5

8
3

114
59
39

3
37
57
15

42
28
17

5
21

S
46
12
33

.;.,
9
1
1

4
1

IS
28
20
33

11
2
I
2

■>7

33
21

8
2

5
45
17

23
3

15
21

19
26

1
28

8
23
15
28
104

83
8
8
1

is
29
74
42
25
16
13
21
2

18
15
17

5
53
11
21

IS
32
13

24
3
93
4
B
13
10
23

1
32

6
5

17
13

4
4

Concord

s
48

3
3

25
3

11
6

10
4

2
20

13
57
36
11
11

11
3

5
2

3
9

Harmony

8
12
45

2
22
"I

1
25

1
55

7
25

12
3
3
9

11
1

15
5

25
1

15
12
1
1

7
8
2
2

Marlborough

Orange

11
32
4
5
36
8
•22
43
11
12

i "

1
1

29
1
4

Porter

1
14

3
1

1
23

1
3

9
16

Troy

44
1

11
2

22
"9

116

516

434

186

603

470

102

312

288

ISO

174

144

445

24S

150

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

TABULATED VOTE— Continued

October. 1830

Governor

Congress

Repre-
sentative

Sheriff

Auditor

Commissioner

Recorder

Coroner

TOWNSHIP

3
<

a
o

a a

3
jS

s
o

?.
at

3
O
O

0}
3

GO
3

s
■3

go
%

3
HI

Srt

3
5

■a

3>-:

2,"

fcs

Berkshire

185

127

102

:i5

100

109

Berlin

4.;

45
17
17
111

5
12
26
41

56
14
it
99

5
14
32
45

18
19
95

12
24

20
26
las

6
8
17
3S

20
25
79

6
9
18

18
11
74

3
8
1
49

38
16
33

12
10

20
13
91

11
1

1
5
28
37

Brown

2
31
14

Concord

Delaware

38
17
28

11
9

15
26

9
34

18
8

32
4

25
8

30
35

28
8

IS
26

10
26

>>
5

Harmony

Kingston

IK)

Liberty

13
4

21
4

51
3

7
1

32
6

40
15

60
15

Lincoln

Marlboruuffh ..

311

Oranee

------

3
11

3
16

Oxford

3
17

3
36

10
13

16
11

10
25
10
23

6
4

25
24
41
20

19
10
15

11
4

3
31

Porter.

lli
47
22
15

17
9
22
26

46
27
11

19
10
17
28

10
30
8
17

23
26

25
39
32

4
6

Stlnbury

Trov

17
12

16
1

22
2

22
21
23

12
2

17
2
26

9
1
5

Thompson
Westfleld

1
13

760

381

801

402

734

4'J2

.124

259

320

S15

421

541

418

178

697

533

413

184

213

233

October. 1831

Represen-
tative

Commission

Treasurer •

Assessor

TOWNSHIP

be
0)
fa

>
rt

o
u

go
3

0)
3
3
CJ

rt
H

fa
V

V
3.
fa
ea

0>
3
O

2
6
10
8
3
......

OJ
OJ

3
ft,

3
fa

Berkshire

57
18
31
13
12
68
27
39
10
32
35
17
22
"it";
45
33
26
16
36
22
85
3
47

15
33
■.".'
102
39

8
21
32
10
111
37
in

5
11
12
11
13
11
28
27

°7
27
26
16

4
38
60
12

6
55
32
26

5
22

2
30

2
43

10
20

81
1

14
16
19

30
2

6
30

80
13
27
5
......

14
2
11
44

1
30
12

19
3
3

17
45

33
8
73

S
1

17
22
3
2

51
44

5
18

1
12

8
62
5

2
10
4
2

15
25

65
12

4
1

17
16

17
6
6

Burrlngton

6
66

:;l

9
14

3
28

8
21

2
12

Concord

Delaware

5
1

2
1
2

Harlem

Harmony

10
6

10
1

1
111

13
9

4
2

t
a

7
49

3
50
33

3
7
6
33
13
41

Liberty

3
1

1
5

20
1
2
3

Lincoln

Marlborough'.

9
49

' "is"

17
2

1*
12
3

10
2
3

21
2
26

" 6

8
3

3
5
4
3

Oxford

12
6

35
3
3
6

3
5
4
31

3
11
13

4
24

4
11

1
3

1
1
1

2
48
4

Radnor

6
3

Seloto

3
11

1
5

3
2

Thompson

Westfleld

191

695

588

626

280

214

313

291

231

192

161

331

267

331

121

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

TABULATED VOTE— Continued

October. 1832

Gove

rnor

Congress

Representative

Sher
iff

Aud-
itor

Commissioner

Coroner

TOWNSHIP

s
E
J
Q

eg
a

si
00

03
PU

X
t-

H
s

C
CJ
>

x
§

C
V

B
-

CJ
CJ
O
c3

S
cj

■a

Berkshire

Berlin

66
51

30
1!9
22
22
13
42
IS
25
34
12
43
44
20
14
13
13
47
3
42

54
13

8
27
40
67
82
31
34
1.;

5
17

5
66
45
47
25
33
30

4
19
40
57
64
33
33
17
41

'"48"
21

5
IB

6
4S
49
45
25
15
26

127
27
12
9

15
5
6
13
28
9
39
6
33
12
17
20
8
3
4
21
33

16
44
45
4

23
86
24
15

9
30
23
15

9
10
33

2
10

12
42

52
2

13
38
4.-'
83
23
31
11
36
T
41
24

21
9
12
42
44
27
25
21

41
51

41
12
26
78
1
2

36
16
15

5
44
32
12
18

7
13
37

I
47

75
21

64
18
28
9
41
14

31
4

■ 4

49
9
3
8

16
4

141

79
61

35
70

187
1011
53
25
60
86
25
91
35
43
63
25
80
57
58
72
37
73

145
79

61
37
71
186
102
52
25
60
89
24
90
35
47
58
25
80
57
59
71
36
73

7
10

31
4
24
12
25

24
04

101

I
50

78
6
4
2

, 2

1
3

50
14

8
40

8
2<
84

3
......

"53"
1
11
5

"32"
2
11

59
1
14

80
52
12
25
39
48
70
46
2
41
28
32
8
29
6
44
21
35
35
2
4
3

10
5

3
6
46
1
1

66
43

9
3
3

17
1
1

5
3

1
1

67
1

4
31

5
41

6
439

26
1

1
7

5
1
25
3

2
16
15

20
21

1
1

"is"

16
1

Thompson

2
1

31
2

S41

76a

046

498

470

606

548

44U

1561

1562

404

302

119

145

169

462

484

169

132

October 8. 1833

Representative

Commis-
sioner

Recorder

Pros.
Atty.

Treasurer

Assessor

TOWNSHIP

O
es

T3
O
O

a
>>

a
A

3
o

<ti

c
c

X
X

X
St
CJ
C
CJ
»-a

E
go

ja
&

■o
a

CJ
x

-9

X
O

a
•a

u
a)

Berkshire

Berlin

Burrington

Brown

106
15
18
24
29
54
77
30
37
32
33
5
07
37
13
21
44
45
19
81
38
21
51

8
11

9
10

5
48

9
14

3
10
73
1
4

1
3

7
44

1
9

65
IS

4
32

7
102
28
19
38

9
34
28
72

5
55
44
50

7
57
34
18
63

81
61

42
12
1
51
46
20

3
1

3
36
20

41
1!
1
9

2
4J

2.
31

•».

i
S

::
2
s.
4.
It
6;

45
43
4
24
27
72
15

3
8
10
26
19
3
4
2
5

17
5

10
37
4

6
1

■>
8
5
6
3
1
I

58
10
29
27
■'7

107
57
46
21
32
39
27

50
8
.".1
40
42
48
19
25
34
1-
33

89
34
17
IS
17
69
16

2
14
26
21

2
27

2
22

26
26
65
14
2
39

145

•44

"ii

25
17
42

16
8
11
1
25
42
14
•>

90
13

1
5

3
4

7
31
95

— j-

17
2

30
5

20
2
6
2

8
57

.....

11
23
8
10
5
1
8
16
32
29
9
1

8
11

1
10

2
18

3
2
1

12
42
41
3

50
9

75
3

6
43

4
' 26"

30
1

12
2
69

Delaware

Genoa

15
55
9
12

IS
6

6
13

6
5

1
3
12
15

'.'
12

-----

24
11
29

10
4

13
5

11
9
3

18
8
1
6
.....

1
11

26
1

10
14
1
6
.....

10
2
1
1

30
4

4
11

1
4

5
9
2

27
1
9

10
6
6
3

14
1
B

1
3
4

18
35
1
1
2
1

t
10
1
■>

24
1
4
5

16
4

31
4

' -■

■>

10
26

"ii'

Lincoln

Marlborough

Orange

Oxford

Peru

5
1

9
2

8
50

1
28
22

3
14

1
3
5

10
13

38
1

42
13

4
8
1

Troy

Thompson

3
19

2
17
1

"ii

23
21
25

887

214

196

123

100

836

506

541

401

129

8S1

574

692

290

262

160

132

100

314

261

255

214

213

179

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

TABULATED VOTE— Continued

October. 1834

TOWNSHIP

B
-

o
o

o
QJ

a
a

a
z

o
o

k
c

a
z
w
u
a)

fc.

ion

S
117

124

137

Berkshire

104

Burrington

4ft

27
1"4

28
28

Delaware

llfl

'.»;

124

148

111

i,ii

611

.VI

Ifi

:;r,

•;;

Harmony .

II)

:;..

311

Kingston

;«

".->

211

...,

-1

43
''1

6
23

is
29

;.i

32
1

Lincoln

Marlborough...

411

it;
:>■>

22
20

20
40

17
10

16
11

38
48

Oxford . . .

111

■'1

311
32

.:;

28
16

ill

.VI

39
53
45

ir
i

3(1

12
55
14

"s"

56
72

10
3

3
9

Radnor

lfl

24
47

12
24

16
35

17
27

24
III

25
29

6
21

•>•>

Troy

"II

Westfield ,

2i!

694

24
814

969

9
519

27
747

3
81

8
149

37
1190

303

322

660

'..Ml

601

No record Is to De found from 1834 to 1835 and then nothing until 1S69.

October. 1838

Governor

Congress

Represen-
tative

Auditor

Sheriff

Commis.
sioner

Pros'cut'sr
Attorney

Coroner

TOWNSHIP

•j
>

o
a

s
s

S
o
o

u
M

M
c

1
>
O
V

■a

T.
U
U

04
9

u
rt

a
o

190
95
104

89
198
54
3ft
1G
88
79
48
78
66
96
69

69
39
50
55
98
161
114
66
S7
28
6(1
19
125
51
30
45
51
74
100
112
68
73
63

195
97

1116
78
79

195
66
34
16
84
79
47
77
64
96
71
42
82
44
50
79
20

37
46
54
99
1(44
113
96
87
30
60
20
126
62
29
45
52
74
1(1
114
68
74
64

40
52
64
103

169
115
75
88
29
60
21
130
68
:;i

32
84
1111
119
76
75
66

181
93

103
78

189
63
35
16
86
79
16
74
4S
92
72
41
-•»

45
73
19

187
96
104

77
59
2(14
54
34

7S
47
78
is
97
76
42
77
44
45
76
•>•>

70
18
51
55
117
148
113
96
89
25
60
21
126
58
29
40
60
78
97
115
71
72
62

173
91
99
71
72
69
50
33
13

85
79
31

56
43
58
41
42
67
18
86

52
6
49
53
37
159
1
28
8-9
24
56
23
41

11
44

100

28
74

2
1
3
4

116

69
9

4
34

6
66
7

1
l
1

s
3

6
1

......

1
3

7
1
1
1
8

190
95

101
68
79

186
53
35
16
86
79
44
73
73
97
56
47
73
43
49
76
21
87

67
37
51
61
99
168
111
96
88
26
59
24
125
30
30
57
42
83
100
110
HI
73
65

152
102
86
57
102
186
67
22
8
89

76
34
40
40
98
32
33
90
15
32
90
8
131

81
17

67
123
9
98
11
3
46
44
130
54
20
66
20
37
62
Si
45
80

176
100
103

75
78
1S6
53
36
16
84
79
44
95
68
94
68
4(1

42
41

122
19

72 '
28
50
54

19S

168

Berlin

......

87
28

Liberty

1
2

16
63
8

61
2

98
17
30
42

Pt-ru

Porter ( 42

Radnor

S3
44
52
79
20
10

9
20
3

1
8
45

72
100
113

Trenton

Troy

Thompson

1
1

1770

1068

1769 1681

1732

1701

1682

1597

1083

287

298

195

128

1727

1676

1609

1136

1779

1542

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

The Vote for Governor, Secretary of State, and President, of Three Leading
Parties, From 1869 to the Last State Election in 1906

(In 190") a constitutional amendment was passed making all National, State and County elections come in the
eveD-numbered years, and the terms of all State and County Officials were extended until after the 1908 election.)

1869

1870

Governor

1S69

Secretary o f
State. 1S70

VOTING

PRECINCTS

rty5

Berkshire

Berlin

190

150
157
72
751

MJ
100
117

.36
158

120
IS7
1U
50
72
34

so
103
73
127
439
130
135
23
135
47
73
74
37
51
1S5
118
129
84

194
138
121
73
698
85
58
96
110
62
118
164
103
ISO
120
49
75
88

76
99
88
87
473
95
103
28
108
45
80
79
26
53
152
125
116
74

Concord

Delaware

Genoa

Kingston

Liberty

Marlborough..

Orange

Oxford

Scioto

Thompson

Trenton

Troy

2685

2043

2541

1907

1871

1872

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Berkshire

Berlin

Brown

Concord

Delaware

Genoa

Harlem

Km-'ston

Liberty

Marlborough .

Orange

Oxford

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson

Trenton

Troy

Governor
1871

& 5

2072

Secretary of
State. 1872

1872

President
1872

1873

1874

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Berkshire

Berlin

Brown

Concord

Delaware twp
Delaware. lst.
Delaware, 2nd
Delaware, 3rd

Genoa

Harlem

Kingston

Liberty

Marlborough.

Orange

Oxford

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson

Trenton

Troy

Governor
1873

177

130

911

232

1J\>

21)0

!>l

229

1112

H»

109

119

Secretary
of State, 1874

s.5?

1875

1876

Governor
1875

Secretary of
State. 1876

President

1S76

VOTING

PRECINCTS

•-3

1?5

6 T.

Berkshire.. .
Berlin

143
38
93
131
112
122
239
262
llll
162
45
157
39
90
126
38
66
245
141
129
90

234

lilt
146
91
137
291
385
59
88

85
125
52
135
150
118
181
104
56
62
92

6
15

4
13

9
45

1
16

3
16

3
20
38
1
4

138

143

99
123
119
131

291
142
161)

35
162

58
114
113

CO
217
138
HI

260
163
133

100
141

340

446
66

91
61

99
152

56
141
172
138
209
U-'7

7S
102

20
4

11
9

38
.....

23
■)

8
1
H

11
39

139
136
92

137
123
133

271
293
146
156

l.-,:;

52
llll
108

62
242
137
138

247
173
143
103
1411
3)16
450
65
94
93
101
160
55
153
178
135
218
129
73

105

5
8

Delaware twp ...

Delaware, 1st wd
20 wd
:>d wd

5
9
40

Harlem

Liberty

Marlborough

1
5

Thompson

1
4

2708

2*15

221

2793

3140

191

2S09

3237

147

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

TABULATED VOTE— Continued

1877

1878

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Berkshire

Berlin .

Brown

Concord

Delaware twp ..
Delaware. 1st wd
Delaware. 2d wd.
Delaware, 3d wd.
Delaware. 4th wd
Delawa re 51 h wd

Genoa

Harlem

Kingston

Liberty

Marlborough

< ►range ._

Oxford.

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson

Trenton

Troy,

Governor
1ST 7

Secretary
of State. 1878

05..

1879

1880

Governor

Secretary of

President

1379

Slate 1S8U

1H.SU

Es-

r. z

■i^

VOTING
PRECINCTS

- O

9 js

T 01
?.?
= f
OO

■ —
rt-s

1-3

■as

Berkshire

263

154

253

164

264

146

Berlin

177

139

176

L71I

K-

133
90
129

115

160

III

143
97
142

124
185

126

21
2

l.;

145
104
146

lis
Is7,
119

111

Delaware Tp.--

111

Delitu art' CitT

First H'anl ."

'.'.i7

238

255

1-7

'.'1

192

100

193

Third "

158

113

..,,

173

115

177

115

Fourth "

162

183

'.10

167

Fifth

294

159

27 s

165

270

95
10!

11U

165
l«2
36

llll
113

114

158
146

3
8

106
120
122

1.1

Kingstown

LiblyPre. No i

100

III,'.

" No. 2

Marlborough

I'-

I'.l

Orange

155

103

161

ll-)

161

'.«

Oxford ...

103
122

19
61

3
2

l'.tT

Kill

l 19
76

2
4

'.'ii.;
Kill

125
68

Radnor . ..

1-7

261

-I

264

Scioto

134

237

151

.'l'

HI)

2. r >

7'.!

146

117

156

7-
1H7

146
108

85
114

1 .I
1112

88
115

139

102

Trov

3014

S46

3403

J .

IS1

'.".«.s

151

188!

1882

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Berkshire

Berlin

Brown

I loncord

Delaware Twp __
Delaware City

First Ward..

Second "

Third " .

Fourth " .

Fifth '■ .

Genoa

Harlem

Kingston

Liberty

Precinct No. 1

•• 2

Marlborough

Orange

Oxford

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson ...

Trenton

Troy

1883

1884

Governor

Secretary of

l"l

State. 1882

« .

a. 03

£3

- 03

= !

6 -

•5B

'.<?

°g

ft 3
A
en

225

156

223

153

182

128

176

125

117

131

161

140

139

107

122

120

236

262

178

163

119

154

109

3'.)

1711

120

si)

151

163

143

267

151

310

122

11 9

131

127

116

141

117

177

119

175

1211

•)

135

•>

127

230

2111

126

20S

104

I'm

134

130

1117

103

110

3066

2643

388

3015

2701

276

1884

Governor

Secretary

esident

1583

of State,

1S84

1884

ra r

i >.

a;S

o'„

■a

-■ =

VOTING
PRECINCTS

— X
art
o r-
cc o

i-
o ^
0) o

V?.

£ E

6.3

IE 0!

Cj Q

rt o

r- U

O £

,c-»

217

161

(1) Rome Precinct
(2>Sunbury "

156

161

s'.i

119

120

1ST.

139

124

113
178

169
132
97

141
129
175

7
19
6

171
142
96

134

115
171

Delaware twp —

152

128

137

125

134

123

Delaware City

First Ward

'.'.','.'

288

284

1S1

122

203

129

209

117

Third "

168

132

148

155

143

118

Fourth "

130

175

123

157

122

142

Fifth "

17s

315

185

32s

183

328

HI.

143

His

156

111

115

122

151

8
5

106

122

147
41

16
3

1114
122

150

Li berty

Precinct No. 1.

9.".

Precinct No. 2..

Marlborough

111

156
188

145

21
4

153
218

92
119

153
219

sl
13S

Oxford

132

131

13U

233

253

si;

249

lis

2:;'.'
Ill

41
11

162

237
149

41
5

148
74

247
151

Thompson

108

131
114

lot;

135

102

94
111

138
100

3403

3113

276

3492

3174

309

3513

3078

343

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

TABULATED VOTE Continued

1885

1886

Governor
[Sso

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Berkshire

Galena Prec't.
Rome Prec't ..
SunburvPrec't

B.-rlln

Brown

Concord

Delaware Twp.
Wara no. 1
•' No. 2
'• No.
" No
" No

Genoa

Harlem

Kingston ._

Liberty Pre No. 1
Ward No

Marlb -rong-h

Orange

Oxford

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson

Trenton

Troy

«i3

Secretary of

State iss;

1887

1888

Governor

Secretary of

President

1SS7

State, 1888

ISSS

VOTING

a—

:
I 5
\z

Z Z

. o

x £;
<55

PRECINCTS

a ■-
x c
°&)

z —

15 =

Berkshire

Galena Prec't- .

Rome " .

Sll

Sunbury " ..

ll'.l

119

211

Berlin

159

121

166

Kill

166

130

12-

131
94

127
169

21
4

144
98

121
168

is
2

144
'.18

121
167

Concord

Delaware Twp..

137

11R

142

121

142

122

Delaware City...

Ward no. 1

254

100

2X6

285

•■ 2

IIS

125

2117

II ,

206

115

" 3

112

133

147

129

II-

129

" 4

ISO

2' 1

177

'■ 5

145

321

267

324

206

324

Genoa ,

133

111

132

111

131

Harlem

145

141

143

Kingston

1(11

116

117

'.14

Precinct No. 1

Precinct No. 2

'.11

Marlborough

Orange

145

142

* »xford

22"

137

217

232

216

131

Porter

139

132

Radnor

223

233

234

::<

Scioto

138

23S

114

225

144

225

Thompson

.128

135

lit;

12U
91

27
11

112

133

80
112

133
95

Troy

3159

3048

503 !

3434

3010

450

3432

3004

450

IK. VI

1890

Governor
1889

Secretary

of State. 1890

VOTING
PRECINCTS

1-3

~ o

S o
si
=■?
~ o
T-

Berkshire

Galena Precinct

Rome

Sunbury
Berlin

55
S5
108
155

111
101
132

310
220
140
90
190
90
99
113

63
136

214
135

228

147
54

71
109

29
SI
64
140
117
169
117

64
108
129
181
306
IX!
it:;

92
48
78
139
61
72
235
137
144
85

4
11
13
20
19

54
42
46
29
21
15

6
6

13
8

46
6

54
89

117
Ml
128

133

303
190
145
99
221
74
82
109

60
74
59
97
205
166

126
42
70
99

26
70
60
124
129
150
126

70
108
123

156.
2S1
122
139
28

90
85

41
57

139
58
63

209
93

115
S5

3
15
16
IS
22
1
31

42
50
40
20
17

8
6
I

20
5
6

49
1

38
5

Concord

Delaware twp

Delaware

First Ward
Second "

Third "

Fourth "

Fifth

Harlem

Liberty

Precinct No. 1..
Precinct No. 2..

Orang'e

Thompson

Troy

3335

3017

508

3138

2711

461

1891

1892

Governor 1S81

Secretary of
State 1S92

President 1892

VOTING

PRECINCTS

^JZ
X

= o

iz a

~c-<

6 -

■5 a

2 O
- X

- s

csj

= -

is a
a

Berkshire

Berkihire Prec't
Galena
Sunbury

Berlin

Brown

Concord

Delaware Twpt.

Delaware

1st \v ml
2nd Ward
Mrd Wara
4th Ward
5th Warn
6th Ward

Genoa

44
86
123
146
134
85
125

255
190
162

60
220
75
82

1111

7n
55
137
192
lis
267
in-
45
71
100

23
67
58
138
120
129
109

.56
105
119
158

2 13
M

133

IIS
33
S5
79
30
63

[36
45

62
171

89
111

2
11
11
11
17

1
19

36
48
29
20

4
21

5
12

7
1
19

5
9

15
4

54
84
109
152
128
99
142

259
187
146
83
69
202
96
-l
101
58
74
54
145
200
127
218
127
53
84
101

20
74
59
1.16
124
139
104

161
115

I 08
'69

226

115

121
31
.Ml
'-
39
61

119
58
57

203

-6

125

5
12
11
15
13

3
30

48
18

6
26

9
13

•>

7
9
2
26
12
3
16
29
1
15
2

85
112
151
129

in
144

262
189
145

M
69
207
96
83
102
61
75
54
145
201
132
222
12S
54
84
100

21
75
59
138
123
139
106

119
111

16S

228
88
11-
120
30
-J
71
39
62
121

21 15

125
94

5
12
11
16
13

3
31

36
7s
50
19

6
25

1 ;
2
7
9
2
26
12
3
17
29
1
22
3

Kingston

Liberty, Prec't 1

Precinct 2

Marlborough ...

Orange

Oxford

Porter ..^

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson

3149

2625

352

3230

267S

440

32177

2710

480

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

TABULATED VOTE— Continued

1893

1894

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Berkshire

Berkshire Prct.

Galena

Sunburv

Berlin

Brown

Concord

Delaware twp, .
Delaware

First Ward...

Second "

Third " . .

Fourth " ....

Fifth " .-■-

Sixth " ....

Genoa

Harlem.

Kingston

Liberty

Precinct No. 1

Precinct No. %
Marlborough....

Orange

Oxford

Porter

Radnor

Scioto..

Thompson

Trenton

Troy

Governor
1S93

Secretary

Of State IS'.i-l

S&H

-7

1897

1898

1895

1896

Governor

Secreturv of

President

1895

State. 1896

1896

VOTING

»!

ffi

S "

->>
5c

cs a

PRECINCTS

7iX

-*2

?. c

CO
r

■'J

Berkshire

Berkshire Prct

•22

SI!

100

1 1

114

111

154
137
81!
125

103
124
93

13
18

20
23

ll!l
156
84
111

150

1114
19S
187

2
4
1

162
158
63
142

151

166

1!".'
138

Delaware Twp

341!

311

..us

246

275

111

275

115

3d "

1«5

106

189

131

1-9

11*1

4th ■'

112

193

110

194

5th "

239

111

271

112

271

190

224

115

123

120

109

101
116

25
66

2 S

123
93

US
69

is:

154
43
131

123

94
117
69

13,
154
46
133

Liberty, Pr'ct 1..

■>

Marlborough

iii;

158

171)

178

234

II. •

19
32

14
5

244
123

172
92

:44
122

172
93

Porter

228
116
39

55
165
64

11
26
4

233
134

103
312

lis

233
131

1113
313
159

Thompson

109

111
83

21
t!

97
101

154
115

96
101

155
11 5

3409

2426

113

3796

3568

3789

3601

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Berkshire

BlrkshirePree't
Galena
> u n bury

Berlin

Brown

Concord

Delaware Twp

Del'ware 1st Wei
2nd
3rd

4th
5th
6th

Genoa

Harlem

Kinsston

Liberty' Pr'ct

Marlborough

Orang-e

Oxford

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson

Trenton

Troy

Governor 1897

■:i
gg

Secretary of

State 1893

1899

1900

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Governor
1SW

Berkshire

Berkshire Prct

Galena

Sunbury

Berlin

Brown

Concord

Delaware Twp
Delaware, 1st wd
2d
:;d
4th
5th
0th

Genoa

Harlem .

Kingston

Liberty, Prec't 1
.. ;,

Marlborough ..

Orange

Oxford

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson

Trenton

Troy

35K 3031

Secretary .if
State, 19U0

-7.

* -■

c o

1900

President
1900

£5 »

25
86
SO
150
149
176
113
91
131
,129
168
2l!ti
119
143
168
39
102

1765 3337 in

c °

.-9

S'i

163

■ 87

980

139

l.,l

101

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

TABULATED VOTE Continued

1901

1902

1903

1904

VOTING
PRECIXCTS

Del'warelst Wd
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
fith

Berkshire
I-lerkslitre Pr'Ct.
Galena
Sunbury

Berlin

Brown

Concord

Delaware Twp.

Genoa

Harlem

Kingston

LlDerty 1st Pr'ct
" 2nd ••

Marlborough ...

Orange

Oxford

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Thompson ...

Trenton

Troy

Goyernor 1901

Hft

Secretary of
State 1903

~ SI

T'.l
114

IIS

120

r.i;
109

23
63
72

lit
ill
H9

ss
110
32
92
H7

:»
82

lis
60
61

217

130

VOTING
PRECINCTS

Delaware. 1st wd
2d
3d
4th
Berkshire

Berkshire Prct

Galena

Sunbm v '■
" Village "

Berlin

Brown

Concord

"elaware Twp..

Genoa

Harlem

Kingston

Liberty. 1st Prct
2d

Marlborough

Orange.

Oxford

" Ashley Prct

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Warrensb'gPct

Ostrander
" Village

Thompson

Trenton

Troy

Governor
1903

§1

3552 2S7J

Secretary of
State. 1904

4111

126
173

am
290

27
47
17
43
96
137
150
97
urn
128
22
98
69
33
7°
60
54
58
64

1U2
-■>

57
90
124

1905

1906

VOTING

PRECINCTS

Del'ware 1st Wd
2nd
3rd
4th

Berkshire

Berkshire Pr'ct
Galena
*»nbury

Sunbury Village

Berlin

Brown

Concord

Delaware Twp

Genoa

Harlem

Kingston

Liberty 1st Pr'ct
2nd

Marlborough

Orange

Oxford

" AshleyPr'ct

Porter

Radnor

Scioto

Warrensb'gPrct

Cstrander Pr'ct

Ostrander Vil

Thoriipson

Trenton

Troy

Goyernor 1905

Secretary of
State loot;

3054 287S 357

; -

98 HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

MEMBERSHIP OF THE OHIO SENATE FOR DELAWARE COUNTY, DELAWARE DISTRICT, COMPOSED
OF DELAWARE, MUSKINGUM, FRANKLIN, MADISON AND UNION COUNTIES.

t,, ~ , . , , „ ( Robert McConnell

Eleventh General Assembly. 1012 - , , Rarr

„ .,, _ . . ,, _ (Robert McConnell

Iweltth General Assembly, 1813 - ] \ m g arf

™ . . „ , . , . .-, , Robert McConnell

rh,rteenth General Assembly, 1814 1j osephFoos

„ , r* 1 a ,, o ( E. Buckingham, Jr.

Fourteenth General Assembly, 1815 ] t , f oos

T-fi 1 ^ 1 v 11 o /- J E. Buckingham, Jr.

Filteenth General Assembly, 1816 -j -,. T , J

■" '1 nomas Johnson

c.. , . „ , , ,,0 ) George Jackson

Sixteenth General Assembly, 1017 "j y, t 1

Seventeenth General Assembly, 1818 ) T \ f,'

■" 'J oseph Foos

t-.- , . ,, r. , , , , I Samuel Sullivant

Eighteenth General Assembly, i8iq \ T , —

■" 'J oseph b 00s

m- . ., ^ , , 110 (Joseph Matthews

.Nineteenth General Assembly, 1820 r T r , „

J 'J oseph r 00s

-r- . • ,, /- ' 1 a 1 1 o I Thomas I. Janes

twentieth General Assembly, 1821 • T , _ J

J 1 J oseph b 00s

Twenty-first General Assembly, 1822 Jjf 10 ™** 1 Janes

J I Henry Brown

Marion, Crawford and Sandusky Counties Added.

-r , , r . , . 1 1 o I Ebenezer Buckingham

1 wenty-second .... General Assembly, 1821 - T „ . &

J J (James Kooken

T\,.„„ f ,1 • j r- , , , , o \ Ebenezer Buckingham

1 wenty-third General Assembly, 1824 < T , „ &

( Joseph Foos

. . i

District Changed to Include only Four Counties — Delaware, Marion, Sandusky and
Crawford.

Twenty-fourth .... General Assembly, 1825 David H. Beardsley

Twenty-fifth General Assembly, 1820 James Kooken

Twenty-sixth General Assembly, 1827 James Kooken

Twenty-seventh . . . General Assembly, 1828 Charles Carpenter

Twenty-eighth General Assembly, 1829 Charles Carpenter

District Changed to Include only Three Counties— Delaware, Marion and Crawford.

Twenty-ninth General Assembly, 1830 Charles Carpenter

Thirtieth General Assembly, 1S31 Charles Carpenter

Thirty-first General Assembly, 1832 James W. Crawford

Thirty-second .... Geenral Assembly, 1833 James W. Crawford

Thirty-third General Assembly, 1834 Robert Hopkins

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

Thirty-fourth General Assembly, 1835 Robert Hopkins

Thirty-fifth General Assembly. 1836 Hezekiah Gorton

Thirty-sixth General Assembly, 1837 Hezekiah Gorton

Thirty-seventh .... General Assembly, 1838 Benjamin F. Allen

Thirty-eighth .... General Assembly, 1839 Benjamin F. Allen

Thirty-ninth General Assembly. 1840 James H. Godman

Fortieth General Assembly, 1841 James H. Godman

Forty-first General Assembly. 1842 James AlcCutchen

District Changed to Include only Delaware and Crawford Counties.

Forty-second General Assembly, 1843 James McCutchen

Forty-third General Assembly, 1844 Thomas W. Powell

Forty-fourth General Assembly, 1845 Thomas W. Powell

Forty-fifth General Assembly, 1846 James Eaton

Forty-sixth General Assembly, 1847 James Eaton

District Changed to Include Franklin and Delaware Counties.

Forty-seventh .... General Assembly. 1848 William Dennison, Jr.

Forty-eighth General Assembly. 1849 William Dennison, Jr.

Forty-ninth General Assembly, 1850 Abram Thompson

Sixteenth District — Delaware and Lickin g Counties.

Fiftieth General Assembly, 1852 John C. Alward

Fifty-first General Assembly. 1854 Charles Follett

Fifty-second General Assembly, 1850 Daniel Gardner

Fifty-third General Assembly, 1858 William P. Reid

Fifty-fourth General Assembly, i860 Thomas C. Jones

Fifty-fifth General Assembly, 1S62 John A. Sinnett

Fifty-sixth General Assembly, 1864 James R. Stanbury

Fifty-seventh General Assembly, 1866 Willard Warner

Fifty-eighth General Assembly, 1868 Lewis Evans

Fifty-ninth General Assembly, 1870 Early F. Poppleton

Sixtieth General Assembly, 1872 John B. Jones

Sixty-first General Assembly, 1874 William P. Reid

Sixty-second General Assembly, 1876 John W. Owens

Sixty-third General Assembly, 1878 John W. Owens

Sixty-fourth General Assembly. 1880 F. M. Marriott

Sixty-fifth General Assembly, 1882 John D. Jones

Sixty-sixth General Assembly. 18,84 John O'Neil

Sixty-seventh General Assembly, 1886 -. i- , c -

J ■" I Edwin Sinnett

c - . • , ,, „ . . , , 000 ) Toseph G. Huffman

Sixtv-eighth General Assemb v, 1888 ju, ■ , „ ^

& ■ I Daniel H. Gannon

Sixty-ninth General Assembly, 1890 Edwin Sinnett

Seventieth General Assembly, 1892 No Senator

Seventy-first General Assembly, 1894 No Senator

IOO

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Seventy-second .

. General

Assembly,

1896

Charles N. Shryock

Seventy-third . . .

. . General

Assembly,

1898

William E. Miller

Seventy-fourth . .

. . General

Assembly,

1900

No Senator

Seventy-fifth ....

. . General

Assembly,

1902

Norman F. Overturf

Seventy-sixth . . .

. General

Assembly,

[904

Norman F. Overturf

Seventy-seventh .

. General

Assembly,

1906

W. L. Atwell

MEMBERSHIP OF THE OHIO HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

(Delaware County had no representative until the Eleventh General Assembly)

Eleventh General

Twelfth General

Thirteenth General

Fourteenth General

Fifteenth General

Sixteenth General

Seventeenth General

Eighteenth General

Nineteenth General

Twentieth General

Twenty-first General

Twenty-second . . . General

Twenty-third General

Twenty-fourth .... General

Twenty-fifth General

Twenty-sixth General

Twenty-seventh . . . General

Twenty-eighth .... General

Twenty-ninth .... General

Thirtieth General

Thirty-first General

Thirty-second .... General

Thirty-third General

Thirty-fourth .... General

Thirty-fifth General

Thirty-sixth General

Thirty-seventh .... General

Thirty-eighth General

Thirty-ninth General

Fortieth General

Forty-first General

Forty-second General

Forty-third General

Forty-fourth General

Forty-fifth General

Forty-sixth General

Forty-seventh .... General

Forty-eighth General

Forty-ninth General

Fiftieth General

Fiftv-first General

Assembly,

1812

James Curry

Assembly,

181 3

James Curry

Assembly,

1814

James Curry

Assembly,

1815

James Curry

Assemblv,

1816

Benjamin Carpenter

Assemblv,

[817

Toseph Eaton

Assemblv.

1 8 1 8

Reuben Lamb

Assembly,

1819

Joseph Eaton

Assemblv,

1820

Aaron Strong

Assembly,

1 S j 1

Joseph Eaton

Assemblv.

1822

Leonard H. Cowles

Assemblv,

1823

Leonard H. Cowles

Assemblv,

1824

Elias Murray

Assembly,

1825

Pardon Sprague

Assemblv,

1826

Pardon Sprague

Assembly,

1827

Pardon Sprague

Assemblv,

1828

Milo D. Pettibone

Assemblv,

I S_>( )

B. F. Allen

Assemblv.

1830

Amos Utlev

Assembly,

1 83 1

John Storms

Assemblv,

1832

Tohn Curtis

Assemblv.

1833

Tohn Curtis

Assembly,

1834

Emery Moore

Assemblv,

183s

Emery Moore

Assemblv,

1836

B. F. Allen

Assembly,

1837

Elijah Carnev

Assemblv,

1838

Andrew H. Patterson

Assembly,

1839

Andrew H. Patterson

Assemblv,

1840

Emery Moore

Assemblv,

1 841

Tames Griffith

Assemblv,

[842

Geo. W. Sharp and L. E. James

Assemblv,

1843

Tohn Casev and Wm. Smart

Assemblv.

[844

Tames B. Shaw

Assembly,

184^

Tames B. Shaw

Assemblv,

1846

T. B. Fisher

Assemblv,

1847

Albert McWright

Assemblv,

1 848

David Gregory

Assemblv,

[8 4 q

Tames R. Hubble

Assemblv.

[8 5

Wray Thomas

Assemblv,

1852

John Converse

Asserfibl] .

1854

John Converse

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS 101

Fifty-second General Assembly, c8=;6 1 ,,-■„■ u ,

„• - \\ llliani Hendren
[857 j

Fifty-third General Assembly, 1858I ,, u ,, .,

° f fames K. Hitbbell
1859 1 -

Fifty-fourth General Assembly. [860 | ,, , ,,

0/ - Ravmond bun
[861 i

Fifty-fifth General Assembly. [862 I ^ R Hulj]jle

[863 ' J

Fifty-sixth General Assembly, 1864 I James R. Hubble (resigned)

1865 I "0. D. Hough

Fifty-seventh General Assembly, [866 I _, .. , 7 ,

• l867 | U. D. Hough

Fifty-eighth General Assembly, 1868' ... , — 7

- ft • ., . Alfred E. Lee

[809 '

Fifty-ninth General Assembly, 1870 ! rT ,, „ T

' rQ ' [ Ihomas F. Joy

1 O j 1 '

Sixtieth General Assembly, 1872 { _ _, •

,o„- Eugene Lowell

Sixty-first General Assembly, [874 /

' T o ' > T. 1'.. \\ llbams

Sixty-second General Assembly, 1876 .

r o - John A. Carothers

Sixty-third General Assembly, 1878 1

■ jg' J- David H. Elliott

Sixty-fourth General Assembly, 1880

18^1 John S. Jones

Sixty-fifth General Assembly, [882 ,

1883 f J° hn S - J ones

Sixty-sixth General Assembly, [884.

188" - George L. Sackett

Sixty-seventh General Assembly, [886

,00, j George L. Sackett

Sixty-eighth General Assembly, 1888 '

1889 1 J° hn S - Gil]
Sixty-ninth General Assembly, 1890 *

t8oi / Ro'hn K. Willis

Seventieth General Assembly, 1892 I

T gg, Rolhn k. \\ illis

Seventy-first General Assembly, 1894 \ Samuel Lewis

Seventy-second . . . General Assembly, 1896 Samuel Lewis

Seventy-third General Assembly, 1898 Thos. R. Smith

Seventy-fourth .... General Assembly, 1900 Thos. R. Smith

District again Changed, this time to include Delaware and Morrow Counties.

Seventy-fifth General Assembly, 190-' Arthur H. [ones

Seventy-sixth General Assembly, 1904 Arthur H.Jones

Seventy-seventh . . . General Assembly, 1906 H. W. Crist.

102

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Delaware County has ha.d the following

Congress of the

James R. Hubble, Thirty-ninth C< >ngress,
Eighth District, 1865-1866.

Earlv F. Poppleton, Forty-fourth

Con-

gress

Ninth District. 1

875-18/6.

John S. Junes, Fort}

'-fifth Congress. \

STinth

District, 1877-1878.

Ta.ble of Covinty Officials

PROBATE JUDGE

CLERK OF COURT

SHERIFF

PROS. ATTORNEY

AUDITOR

TREASURER

1S69

1870

Benjamin C. Walters

Benj. F. Loofbourrow

William Brown

John S. Jones

Josephus F. Doty

James Cox

1871..

Benjamin C. Walters

Benj. F. Loofbourrow

William Brown

John S. Jones

Josephus F. Dotv

.blllleS COX

1872

Benjamin C. Walters

John Chapman

Joseph H. Crawford

Jackson Hippie

Josephus F. Dotv

James Cox

1S73

Benjamin C. Walters

John Chapman

Joseph H. Crawford

Jackson Hippie

Thomas P. Myers

Junes COX

1S74

Benjamin C. Walters

John Chapman

George L. Sackett

F. M. Marriott

Thomas P. Myers

Ezekiel Brown

1875

Franklin B. Sprague

John T. Evans

George L. Sackett

F. M. Marriott

Stephen C. Courey

John H. Warren

1S76

Franklin B. Sprague

John T. Evans

George L. Sackett

John J. Glover

Stephen C. Courey

John H. Warren

1S77

Franklin B. Sprague

John T. Evans

George L. Sackett

John J. Glover

Stephen C. Courey

John H. \\ arren

1878

Franklin B. Sprague

John T. Evans

George L. Sackett

John J. Glover

Stephen C. Courey

John H. Warren

1879

Franklin B. Sprague

John Chapman

Win. H. Cutler

Henry C. Culver

Stephen ( " Courey

John H. Warren

1880

Franklin B. Sprague

John Chapman

Wm. H. Cutler

Henry C. Culver

1 Jharles ^ ■ \^ ebster

Cicero Coomer

1881

Rllt'llS * Yl ! prill.'!"

Chas. M. Jaynes

Wm. 11. Cutler

Henry C Culver

Charles W . Webster

Cicero Coomer

1882

Rufus Carpenter

Chas. M. Javnes

James E. White

James T. Shoup, Jr.

Charles W. Webster

Cicero Coomer

1883

Rufus Carpenter

Chas. M. Javnes

James E. White

James T. Shoup. Jr.

Charles W. "V\ ebstei

Edward E. Neff

1884

Rufus Carpenter

Chas. M. Javnes

James E. White

James T. Shoup. Jr.

( :naries w. \\ eDstei

Edward E. Neff

1885

Rufus Carpenter

Chas. M. Jaynes

James E. White

Frank A. Kauffman

Charles W. \\ ebstei

X Porter Fergusoi

Rufus Carpenter

Chas. M. Javnes

Win. J. Davis

Frank A. Kauffman

John J. Ramage

X Porter Fergusoi

1887

Rufus Carpenter

Chas. M. Jaynes

Wm. J. Davis

Frank A. Kauffman

John J. Ramage

N. Porter Fergusoi

1888

N. F. Overt urf

John A. Shoemaker

Wm. J. Davis

Frank A. Kauffman

John J. Ramage

N. Porter Fergusoi

i 9

N. F. Overturf

John A. Shoemaker

Wm. J. Davis

Geo W. Carpenter

John J. Ramage

X' Porter Fergusoi

1890

N. F. Overturf

John A. Shoemaker

Wm. J. Davis

Geo W. Carpenter

John J. Rami-'

Elias Cole

1891

X. F. 1 iverturf

John A. Shoemaker

Thos. R. Griffith

Geo W. Carpenter

John J. Ramage

Elias Cole

1892

X. 1-'. 1 iverturf

John A. Shoemaker

Thos. R. Griffith

Geo W . < larpenter

John J. Ramage

Elias Cole

X. F. Overturf

John A. Shoemaker

Thos. R. Griffith

Geo w . ' iarpenter

Lyman P. Lewis

Elias Cole

1894

Benj. F. Freshwater

Newton M. Miller

Thos. R. Griffith

Geo W. Carpenter

Lyman P. Lewis

Cyrus B. Arlams

L895

Benj. F. Freshwater

Newton M. .Miller

Stephen P. Thrall

George Coyner

Lyman P. Lewis

Cyrus B. Adams

1896

Benj. F. Freshwater

Newton M. Miller

Stephen P. Thrall

George Coyner

Lyman P. Lewis

Li Wis Slack

1897

Benj. F. Freshwater

Newton M. Miller

Sir, .hen P. Thrall

George Coyner

Lyman P. Leu is

l.r» is Slack

1898

Benj. F. Freshwatei

Newton M. Miller

Stephen P. Thrall

1 teorge < !oynei

Lyman P. Lewis

Lewis Slack

1899

Benj. 1'. I'nsliw Hi 1

Newton M. Miller

Jacob M. Schaffner

1 teorge 1 ' >yner

Frank Warren

Lewis Slark

190O

E. Lee Porterfield

Burton P. Benton

Jacob M. Schaffner

George < Joyner

Frank Warren

J. L. Andersen

1901

E. Lee Porterfield

Burton P. Benton

Jacob M. Schaffner

Edward T. Humes

Frank Warren

J. L. Anderson

1902

E. l.ee Porterfield

Burton P. Benton

Jacob M. Schaffner

Edward T. Humes

Frank "\\ arren

J. L. Anderson

1903

E. Lee Porterfield

Burton P. Benton

A. C. Williamson

Edward T. Humes

Frank Warren

J. L. Anderson

1904. ...'..

E. Lee Porterfield

Burton P. Benton

A. C. Williamson

Edward T. Humes

Frank Warren

Walter S. Pollock

....

E. Lee Porterfield

rton P. Benton

A. C. Williamson

Edward T. Humes

A. S. Conklin

Walter S. Pollockf

John A. Cone

Edson R. Williams

A. C. Williamson

Edward T. Humes

A S. Conklin

Walter S. Pollock'

1907

John A. Cone

Edson R. Williams

Caleb M. Leonard

F. A. McAllister

A. S. Conklin

Walter S. Pollock

1908

John A. Cone

Edson R. Williams

Caleb M. Leonard

F. A. McAllister

A. S. Conklin

Walter S. Pollock

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

103

named persons to represent it in the
Vnited Stages:

Archibald Lybrand, Fifty-fifth Congress,

Eighth Di>tiici, 1897-1898.

Archibald Lybrand, Fifty-sixth Congress,
Eighth District, 1899-1900.

From 1870 to Da^te

RKCORDER

COMMISSIONER

SFRVEYOR

INFIRMARY DIRECT'R

CORONER

* Jacob Sheets
/ ' Je< irge Nelson

Hosea Main

Elijah B. Adams

Roswell Cook

S. Davidson

M. L. Griffin

A. A. Welch

Elijah B. Adams

Hugh Cole

S. Davidson

George Neilson

A. A. Welch

Elijah B. Adams

Chas Arthur

S. Davidson

John B. Jones

A. A. Welch

Elijah B. Adams

Roswell Cook

S. Davidson

George W. Stover

A. A. Welch

Elijah B. Adams

Wells Andrews

S. Davidson

Chas T. Grant

Marshall L. Griffin

Elijah B. Adams

W. Siegfried

L. B. Denison

Chas T. Grant

Marshall L. Griffin

Elijah B. Adams

Zenas Harrison

L. B. Denison

Henry C. Olds

Elam C. Yining

Elijah B. Adams

Nelson R. Talley

L. B. Denison

George W. Stover

Elam C. Yining

Elijah B. Adams

A. H. Packard

L. B. Denison

Jonas Waldron

Elam C. Yining

Abel Rawn

Zenas Harrison

L. B. Denison

John Shea

J. W. N. Vogi

Abel Rawn

Louis Bush

L. B. Denison

M. Smith

James H. Hughes

Abel Rawn

A. H, Packard

L. B. Denison

Longwell

James H. Hughes

Abel Rawn

J. C. Ryant

L. I:. Denison

Henrv B. Cullins

James H. Hughes

Abel Rawn

Geo. \V. Jones

1 . 1 ;. 1 ienison

M. Smith

James H. Hughes

G ' '. Dunham

.1 \\\ Newell

L. B. Denison

D. Main

R. C. Wintermute

(!. C. Dunham

J. C. Ryant

L. B. Denison

Henrv B. Cullins

R. C. Wintermute

(',. C. Dunham

Geo. W. Jones

L. B. Denison

Henry B. Cullins

R. C. Wintermute

Fiank P. Sprague

John L. Thurston

Edmund S. Miner

Horace Strong

R. C. Wintermute

Frank P. Sprague

Silas J. Mann

Edmund S. Miner

J. C. Main

R. C. Wintermute

Frank P. Sprague

Marshall Field

Edmund S. Miner

Samuel A. Moore

Wilbur N. Leonard

Frank P. Sprague

«'has F. Miller

Edmund S. Miner

James A. Wilson

Wilbur N. Leonard

Frank P. Sprag

Silas J. Mann

Edmund S. Miner

('ink 1'. Dwinnell

Wilbur N. Leonard

Frank P. Sprague

Marshall Field

Edmund S. Miner

Samuel A. Moore

Wilbur X. Leonard

Prank P. Sprague

Chas 1'"". Miller

Edward S. Mendenhall

James A. Wilson

C. W. Chidester

James E. Rodgers

DeLacy Waldron

Edward S. Mendenhall

Clark 1'. Dwinnell

C. W. Chidester

James E. Rodgers

1 Coridon McAllister

ph C. Kirkpatrick

Edward S. .Mendenhall

Thompson Clark

C. W. Chidester

James E. Rodgers

, Chas F. Miller
I R. J. Pumphrey

Edward S. Mendenhall

Thos. E. Stark

C. W. < ihidester

James E. Rodgers

DeLacy Waldron

Edward S. Mendenhall

John Lane, Sr.

A. E. Mm

James E. Rodgers

Lyman P. McMaster

Edward S. Mendenhall

Thompson Clark

A. E. Main

J James E. Rodgers (died)
( G. W. Tracy (appointed)

' R. .1 Pumphn y

John B. Taggart

chas W. Blymer

A. J. Pounds

Joseph H. Andrews

Geo, Cleveland

John B. Taggarl

John Lane, Sr,

A. J. Pounds

Joseph H. Andrews

Meredith Meredith

John B. Taggart

Edward Welch

Frederick 1. Gagi

Joseph H. Andrews

Stephen Potter

John B. Ta^'jr

u Blymer

Frederick 1 . ' .

Joseph H, Andrews

Geo. Cleveland

John B. Taggarl

F. It. Whitehead

Frederick 1 . Ga

Joseph H. Andrews

Meredith Meredith

John B. Taggart

\ J. W. PlilTner, unexpired
I term of B. McPherson

Frederick L. Gage

Joseph H. Andrews

Stephen Potter

Edward S. Mendenhall

H .1 Jarvis

■ ! y Willey

H. D. Blackledge

John L. Edwards

Edward S. Mendenhall

r 11. \\ lniehead

Perry Wiliey

H. D. Blackledge

c'Minr. holds over

Edward S Mendenhall

John W. Pflffner

Perry Willey (resigned)

11. D. Blackledge

Comr. holds oyer

Edward S. Mendenhall

John W. Pflffner

I u-A.l 1. i'.m k (appointed)

CHAPTER. V.

DELAWARE— THE COUNTY SEAT.

When Laid Out and by Whom — Its Settlement and History — Early Military Importance
— Stores and Early Industries — Grozvth of Population — Incorporation — City Govern-
ment Organized — Hosier of Officials — Public Buildings — Water Works — Fire Depart-
ment — Cemeteries.

At the time of the creation of Delaware
County by the Act of the Legislature, Febru-
ary 10, 1808, the town of Delaware hail no ex-
istence either dn paper or in fact. There can
be little question, moreover, that had Muses
Byxbe retained the interest which he originally
had in the Berkshire settlement, the history of
the comity seat would be altogether different
from what it is. Its very establishment seems
to be a monument to the bad faith of its
founder. It was the original purpose of Mr.
Byxbe to make Berkshire Corners not only
the county seat of the new count}- which he
knew would soon be erected, but if possihle,
the capital of the State as well. It was on this
expectation and on the promises of Byxbe to
use his influence to this end thai many of the
first settlers were induced to join his enter-
prise and become purchasers of land in the
large tract which he had originally acquired.
It was not long, however, until the plans of
Byxhe seem to have undergone a change. Me
disposed of the larger part of his holdings in
Berkshire Township, as well as those in Ber-
lin, Kingston, Genoa and Brown, and we
shortly find him interested in an entirely differ-
ent part of the county. In the month of De-
cember, [800, Abraham Baldwin, of \\-w II 1
ven, Connecticut, purchased of the Government
a tract of eight thousand acres, which included
the northeast section of Delaware Township

and the third section of Brown. Air. Baldwin
was a man of unusual attainments and enter-
prise. He was a graduate of Yale University,
and later a tutor in that institution. He served
in the Revolutionary War and afterwards
practiced law in Savannah, Georgia. He was
a member of the State Legislature, for some
time president of the University of Georgia, a
Representative in Congress and a United
States Senator. He was never married, and
at his death the large tracts of land which he
owned in Ohio as well as other states
went by devise to his three half-broth-
ers and two half-sisters. As these
heirs were widely separated it was not
long before this propertv passed into the
control of one of them, Henry Baldwin, a
lawyer in Pittsburg. Shortly after the erec-
tion of Delaware County, an arrangement
was entered into between Baldwin and Byxbe,
through which Byxbe came into possession of
the undivided one-half of the tracts in Dela-
ware and Brown Townships, with the excep-
tion of two tracts of two hundred and fifty
aires each out of the northeast corner of each
section, previously sold by Abraham Baldwin
to one William Wells. Judge Baldwin was.
for many years, a part owner of the land on
which Delaware was located, although from
the first he delegated the entire control of it
to Byxbe and seems to have given little active

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

105

attention of his own to the founding of the
city. He came from a family noted for their
intellectual qualities and attainments and was
himself one of the distinguished men of his
time. Born in 1779, and graduating from
Yale in 1707. he went to Pittsburg, where he
became a noted lawyer. He was a representa-
tive in Congress from 1817 to 1822. He was
appointed by President Jackson an associate
justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States, in which capacity he served for many
years. Though brilliant intellectually, he is
said to have been a man of somewhat dissi-
pated habits, through which he ultimately lost
a considerable portion of the large fortune of
which he was, at one time, possessed. He died
in 1844.

With the shifting of Byxbe's interest from
Berkshire to his newly acquired possessions in
Delaware Township he immediately set to
work to secure for them the advantages which
the settlers of Berkshire had all along expected
to enhance the value of their own property.
The first matter of concern was the location
of the county seat. As no town as yet existed
in their territory it was necessary for Baldwin
and Byxbe to establish one. The first location
chosen by them was on the east bank of the
Olentangy. Here they platted a town and
recorded the plat in Franklin County, although
it was never recorded in Delaware County.
Byxbe, with all the resources at his command,
at once began his efforts to secure the location
of the county seat at his newly founded town.
As might have been expected, his efforts met
with bitter opposition from the Berkshire set-
tlers, who had relied on his former promises
and had just reason to accuse him of disloy-
alty to their interests. Byxbe had a consider-
able following, however, among those who
were under obligations to him in various ways
and whose interests were largely involved with
his. and this, together with the natural ad-
vantages of Delaware itself, terminated the
controversy in his favor, the special commis-
sioners locating the countv seat at Delaware in
March, 1808.

Fo» reasons which are not now definitely
known, but probably owing to superior ad-

vantages on the other side of the river, the
first site chosen for the town on ,the east bank
was soon abandoned, and on May 9, 1808, a
new site on the west bank was selected and a
town platted which was the real beginning of
the present city of Delaware. The following
extract taken from the plat as recorded, will
indicate the original location and extent of the
town. "This town is laid off into 186 lots,
containing, by estimation, ~~ l /2 square poles
each, be the same more or less, 6^4 rods by
\2y 2 rods, excepting lots Nos. 53, 54, 55, 56,
89, 90, 91 and 92, which by the variation of
William Street from west 17 degrees to the
north, from Washington Street to Liberty
Street. The streets which run from north to
south are Henry, Union, Sandusky, Franklin,
Washington and Liberty Streets and those
running from east to west are North, Winter,
William, Abraham. Tammany and South
Streets, which cross the other streets at right
angles. All the streets are four poles wide ex-
cept William, Abraham and Sandusky Streets,
which are six poles in width. The lots or
squares including Delaware Run, or which are
not numbered, extending from east to west
through the town, are reserved for future dis-
posal, or for the benefit of the town, as the pro-
prietors may think proper hereafter." There
was included in this plat that part of the pres-
ent city of Delaware bounded by Central
Avenue, Henry, South and Liberty Streets,
South Street at that time running through to
Liberty. It is apparent that patriotic impulses
evidently inspired the founders in the naming
of the streets of their newly created town, and
it is said that it was the purpose of Byxbe,
originally to call the town itself Warrentown in
honor of General Warren. Some of the streets
were named after those who were connected
with the early history of the town. Most of
the original names remain to the present time,
although North Street is now Central Avenue,
while Abraham Street has become University
Avenue and Tammany, Park Avenue. Abra-
ham Street was named for the original owner
of the property: Henry, for one of the proprie-
tors; William, for a brother of Henry Bald-
win, who had an interest in the property, and

io6

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Winter, developed from a corruption of Wit-
ter, the maiden name of Airs. Moses Byxbe.
Delaware Run then flowed in its natural
course, and William Street deflected to the
north after crossing Washington Street to
avoid it. The square hounded by Union Ave-
nue, Washington Street, Park Avenue
and Liberty Street, was reserved for a
parade ground, and was used for that purpose
for years. About the time the city was or-
ganized, it was converted into a park, and Dr.
Merrick, who was then president of Ohio Wes-
leyan University, was instrumental in having
hundreds of shade trees planted here. Another
square bounded by Abraham, Franklin and
Sandusky Streets and Delaware Run was set
aside for public buildings. The square
bounded by Central Avenue. Sandusky, Frank-
lin and Winter Streets, was given by the pro-
prietor for a burying ground, and for religious
purposes. The little town remained as thus
originally laid out for a period of nearly thirty
years, no additions being made until the year
1836. On the occasion of his final visit to
Delaware in 1824, Judge Baldwin presented
the parade ground and the sulphur spring
property to the village.

With the location of the town and its selec-
tion as the county seat, the active settlement
of Delaware began. Indeed even before this
the first settler had made his appearance. In
the fall of 1807 Joseph Barber erected a log
house just southeast of the sulphur spring on
the ground now constituting a part of the uni-
versity campus. He did not remain in the
neighborhood for any great length of time,
however, and his influence on the further
growth of the village was slight.

As soon as his efforts to have Delaware
made the county seat had proved successful,
Mr. Byxbe began preparations to transfer his
residence from Berkshire, there. He erected a
frame dwelling on the north side of William
Street, between Henry and Union Streets, re-
serving the whole square on which his house
Stood for his own use. Having sold his house
ami farm in Berkshire, in the early part of
M.iv he removed his household goods to his
new residence and with his family came to

Delaware to reside. In the settlement of
nearly every community there has always been
some one man who, through superior energy
and ability, as well as through firmer faith in
the future development and passibilities of
the place, has taken the lead in all the various
enterprises necessary to insure its success. Col.
Byxbe certainly bore this relation to Delaware
in its early history. His fertile mind was con-
stantly planning for the future of the town ;
his indomitable energy was constantly expend-
ing itself, both in inducing new settlers to take
up their abode in the village, and in providing
for the establishment of the various en-
terprises which were necessary for the
comfort and prosperity of the incoming
settlers. Self interest, no doubt, was his ani-
mating motive. He seems never to have had
the genuine respect of the community, even
though they were ready to follow him as their
leader and recognized the great value of his
ability in shaping the early progress of the
town.

Along with Byxbe came a number of other
settlers who were to have a prominent part in
the early history of the community. In Berk-
shire were a number of families who were
closely attached to the Byxbe interests who had
just recently come to that settlement from
Pennsylvania, and who, as soon as the interests
of Byxbe himself had shifted, followed his for-
tunes likewise in the newlv established settle-
ment. Among" them may lie mentioned Si ilo-
mon Smith, Azariah Root, Nathan Messenger.
Reuben Lamb and Rev. Jacob Drake. The lat-
ter built the first brick house to be erected in
Delaware, on the southwest corner of William
and Franklin Streets, it being notable for the
fact that his wife laid all of the inner wall her-
self, masons being a scarcity in those days.
Drake was a Baptist preacher and a surveyor
as well, and he also' served as the first treasurer
of the newly established county, and as the first
mayor of Delaware. His resignation addressed
to William Little is now in the possession of
Robert Powers, of The First National Bank.
It was he, too, who, in connection with the
Rev. Joseph Hughes, established the first paper
in Delaware. Azariah Root built a house of

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

107

hewed logs on the corner of Abraham and

Henry Streets. He was the first county sur-
veyor. Nathan Messenger was the son-in-
law af Colonel Byxbe, who erected a house for
him on the southeast corner of Sandusky and
William Streets. Solomon Smith was the first
sheriff of the county and came from Chilli-
cothe where he had been a teacher. Aside from
Byxbe himself, few persons, perhaps, occupied
a more prominent position in the early life of
the community than Reuben Lamb. He prac-
ticed medicine for a number of years and was
also the first county recorder.

Among other settlers who came in a short
time may be mentioned Silas Dunham, who
came from the Berlin Settlement; Noah
Spaulding. from .Berkshire; Joab Norton,
from Orange ; Aaron Welch and Ira Carpen-
ter, from Liberty; Nathaniel and William Lit-
tle, Paul D. and Thomas Butler, from Worth-
ington. and Jacob Kensell. The settlement
soon took on a vigorous growth, Colonel
Byxbe was the guiding spirit in all its various
activities. He was constantly devising and
putting into execution plans for the prosperity
of the community. He was an associate judge
of the newly created court. He promoted the
building of the new road which should unite
the settlement with the older communities al-
ready established. He established the first
store, in which he placed his son, and he also
erected the first saw mill and grist mill within
the limits of the town. In addition to this he
was the first postmaster, and later he was pro-
prietor of a tavern. He was his own sales
agent in the disposal of the large tracts of land
which he owned jointly with Baldwin. It is
easy to see the stimulating effect the restless
activity of such a one must have had on the life
of the village.

From the time he first became interested in
that part of the count}-, it had probably been
Colonel Bixbe's ambition to make the town
which he should found the capital of the State.
Up until 1810 the capital had been at Chilli-
cothe. and from that time until 1812 at Zanes-
ville. It finally became necessary, however, to
determine upon a definite location, and a num-
ber of places became competitors for the honor.

There seem to have been nine of them in all.
and they held out widely varying inducements
to the special commission appointed by the
Legislature to select the site. The offer of
Byxbe and Baldwin was as follows, viz., that
they would give the grounds, erect the build-
ings, and lay off four thousand acres in town
lots, one-half the proceeds arising from the
sale of which should go into the treasurv of
the State. The only other offer which bore
any comparison to that of Baldwin and Byxbe
was the one made by four parties who were
interested in the tract on the Scioto
opposite the town of Franklinton. For quite
a while the contest was in doubt. At length.
however, the special commission reported in
favor of the proposition of Byxbe and Bald-
win. When the legislature came to act upon
it, they rejected the report and decided in fa-
vor of the site opposite Franklinton. The loss
of the capital was, no doubt, a severe blow to
Delaware and its immediate prosperity. The
possibility that the capital' would lie located
here had undoubtedly served to enhance the
value of property and to attract settlers. With
its prospects in this direction suddenly cut off,
there could not but result a depression in the
general activity of the community, from which
it took many years for it to recover.

EARLY MILITARY IMPORTANCE.

Delaware was a place of considerable mili-
tary importance during the War of 1812. It
was situated on the most practicable route be-
tween Chillicothe. the state capital at that time,
and the scene of operations around Sandusky
and Detroit, and it was, for a time, the head-
cpiarters of General Harrison. "Among the
earliest troops to be called out was a company
of light horse belonging to the State Militia,
on the muster rolls of which were to lie found
the familiar names of Elias Murray, as cap-
tain ; James W. Crawford, as first lieutenant :
David Prince as second lieutenant, and Joseph
Prince. Robert Jamison, Sylvester Root, Mor-
ris Cowgill, Alexander and William Smith,
Ralph S. Longwell, John Slack, J. Harter,
Forest Meeker. John Wilson. Thomas Dun-

io8

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

ham and James Carpenter, as privates. This
company was employed as a raiding force, and
was called out at different times for a period
of service not exceeding at any time over forty
• lavs. Each man furnished his own horse and
equipments, and over his shoulder was slung
the inevitable canteen of whiskey. * * * The
company was ordered to Detroit and made a
raid into Canada. Tearing down some fine
farm buildings west of the river, they made
rafts of the lumber thus obtained and crossed
to the Canadian shore. There they destroyed
property of all kinds, burning mills, hay and
grain, and recrossing without loss. * * *
A company of infantry, raised by Captain Foos
in the northern part of the county, drew a
number of men from Delaware Township and
village, and, among others, Erastus Bowe,
who settled in Brown in- 1809. This company
went to Fremont, then known as Lower San-
dusky, and helped to build Fort Croghan, Air.
Bowe breaking the ground for that purpose.
After Hull's surrender this company disbanded
and returned to Delaware.

The war, coming as it did so soon after
the misfortune Delaware suffered in failing to
have the state capital located here, did much
to relieve the depression of business conse-
quent on that unfortunate event. The forces
of General Winchester and others were cen-
tered along the line of Urbana, St. Mary's and
Fort Defiance, while the troops, artillery and
supplies from Pennsylvania came by way of
Canton, Wooster and Mansfield to Fort Meigs,
the place of rendezvous, while the Virginia
and Kentucky re-enforcements came by way of
Chillicothe. along the various roads leading
through Delaware County. In February,
181 3, General Harrison concentrated the
greater part of his troops at Fort Meigs and
then retired with his headquarters to Delaware,
where he occupied rooms in Colonel Byxbe's
house. Also Governor Shell))-, of Kentucky,
came in command of the troops belonging to
his state, and made his headquarters in the
cabin which had formerly been erected by
Barber, heretofore mentioned as the first house
built in Delaware. Later the Virginia troops
arrived and camped just north of the village.

Naturally the presence of so many soldiers
gave a great impetus to the general business
activities of the place. As usual. Colonel
Byxbe was alert to the opportunities thus pre-
sented, taking large contracts for supplying
the army with the various necessities required
during their stay in the community. The one
store in the village, had, for the time being,
a great increase in its patronage, and the set-
tlers found a ready market for whatever they
had to sell that could be consumed by an army.
A recruiting station was opened in Delaware,
ami many, inspired by motives of patriotism
or lured by love of adventure or expectation of
gain, joined their fortunes with the troops.
General Harrison had sold all of his teams and
pack animals to save wintering them, and when
the time came for the army to move north-
ward all the available teams in the community
were pressed into service.

STORES AND EARLY INDUSTRIES.

As is always the case in a newly started
settlement, the mercantile business for the first
few years was one of little importance. There
was but one store in Delaware up to the time
of the war of 1812, and that was conducted
by Moses Byxbe. Jr.. a son of Colonel Byxbe.
The son, however, seems to have been wholly
lacking in the business ability and enterprise
of his father and soon came to grief. Various
unsuccessful speculations finally landed him in
the county jail. One of the earliest merchants
in Delaware was William Little. He was a
saddler by trade, and, coming originally fn >m
Connecticut, first located in Worthington.
Later, however, attracted by the outlook for
the newly established settlement at Delaware,
he came here and shortly went into trade. He
bought out a stock of goods which had been
sent up from Worthington as a branch busi-
ness and established himself in a small brick
building on the southwest corner of Sandusky
and Winter Streets, where he continued for a
number of years. Joseph L. Webb was another
of the early store-keepers of Delaware. He
came in the year 181 9, induced to do so
through the representations of Colonel Byxbe,

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

iog

who happened to meet him on one his trips
east. Webb came of a wealthy family in New
York, lured away from the comforts of his
eastern home by the apparent possibilities of
great wealth in the western frontier. The
year after his arrival he set up in business in
the same building in which Moses Byxbe, Jr.,
had conducted his unsuccessful venture, but
he seems to have had no greater success than
had the building's former occupants. After
continuing in business for a time he closed up
with a loss of $10,000 and returned to the
East. Horton Howard, a Quaker, was an-
other of the early store-keepers. He occupied
a yellow wooden building on the east side of
Sandusky m Street. Hezekiah Kilbourn opened
a store in 1823 on the northwest corner of
Sandusky and Winter Streets but sold out in
the following year to Caleb Howard and An-
thony Walker, who went into business in his
building. After they dissolved partnership
Walker went into business with Hosea Wil-
liams. Dr. Lamb, the first physician in the
community, next occupied the Kilbourn build-
ing, and, as was natural, a considerable part
of his stock consisted of drugs. In 1831
Alexander Kilbourn erected a frame building
on Sandusky Street and started a general
store. This building is still standing, having
been moved, however, to a location just south
of the present office building of Marriott &
Freshwater.

The mercantile business in the early day
was fraught with difficulties such as can scarce
be imagined at the present time. We quote,
in this connection, some interesting facts from
a former county history: "Philadelphia was
the nearest point from which the western mer-
chant could buy his goods from original
sources, and from there they had to
be shipped in huge wagons over a
tedious and uncertain journey. Mr. Lit-
tle was in the habit of going to Phila-
delphia once a year, spending some weeks or
two months on the trip, and waggoning his
goods home, frequently at a cost of $18.75
per hundred. These invoices included, at a
later day, a full line of dry goods, embracing
velvets, satins, silks, cassimers and the com-

moner goods. Then there were hats, shoes,
crockery, hardware, medicines and groceries.
For year after year money was very scarce,
and all business became a system of barter,
and goods were exchanged almost exclusively
for produce. The trade with Indians was very
large, the natives coming in for fifty miles
around, sometimes fifty at a time. They
brought cranberries, maple sugar and syrup,
pelts and furs, and bought only the finest
goods. The wi imen would take only the finest
broadcloths for blankets and petticoats, while
the men chose the brightest prints for shirts.
The ordinary prints which now sell for 8 cents
per yard sold then for $1.00, while the higher
priced sold for Si. 50 per yard. Every store
had upon its counter a flask of whiskey with
a glass and it was expected that every < me
who came into the store would avail himself
or herself of the hospitality thus set forth.
Sugar made by the Indians or settlers found
its way in large quantities to the stores where
it was traded off to the Kentuckians. who came
with large wagon loads of tobacco every
spring to exchange for commodities. This
was in large demand among the Indians, who
made a mixture of tobacco and sumac leaves,
calling it 'Kinnikinic' "

In the early days there was no institution
of greater importance, perhaps, than the
tavern. The most prominent and influential
citizens did not hesitate to engage in it, and
the number of taverns in existence at that
time in the village would now, perhaps, be con-
sidered out of proportion to the size of the
place. We have, in a former chapter, quoted
a description of the pioneer tavern from the
pen of Dr. Hills. Barber's cabin, the first to
be erected in Delaware, was, likewise, the first
building to be devoted to the purpose of tavern
keeping, and Barber himself was its first
keeper. It was a sort of center for all the
various activities of the neighborhood. Here
the people gathered to exchange their go>-i]>
as well as to hear news of the outside world
from any chance stranger that happened along.
Here all the public gatherings were arranged,
all the notices were posted, and even the first
court was held. Barber did not Ions: con-

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

tinue in the business, but soon sold out to a
man by the name of Spaulding, who. in turn,
sold out to Robinson. While it was without
a competitor for a time, yet it was not long
until Colonel Byxbe joined the business of
tavern keeping to his various other activities,
erecting a brick house for that purpose east of
his dwelling on William Street. It was un-
doubtedly of great advantage to Colonel Byxbe
to be in a position where he could have the
opportunity to early impress every incoming
stranger with the possibilities of his newly
founded town. "A long wooden building was
built at an early date where Solomon Smith
first entertained the public, and Mrs. Byxbe.
desirous of entertaining those who came to
attend court, persuaded Colonel Byxbe to buy
him out, and for some time continued the
business. He was succeeded in the same busi-
ness, after an interval of some months, by
Ezra Griswold, in 1821. In the meanwhile
Aaron Welch built a tavern opposite the Epis-
copal Church, on Winter Street, where lie
entertained the public several vears, and in
1816 built a large brick building on Sandusky
Street. Air. Welch died before it was com-
pleted, but it served its purpose for years.
Contemporary with the later years of Mr.
Welch as tavern keeper, was Elam Vining,
Sr., who occupied for several years the Mes-
senger House, on the southeast corner of Wil-
liam and Sandusky Streets. Another hotel
stood on the northeast corner of Winter and
Sandusky Streets. An early proprietor was
Major Strong and another was a Mr. Hinton
— a distant relative of Otho Hinton, of later
tame — who was succeeded by a Mr. Dunbar.
It was during the time of the latter gentleman,
in 1817. that President Monroe, making a
trip through the West, came with a large suite
on horseback from Sandusky, and stopped
with Dunbar over Sunday. The death of Mr.
Dunbar's wife soon forced him to retire from
the business and. in [818, General Sidney
Moore and Pardon Sprague bought him out.
Mr. Moore was married on Sunday, February
[St, and the following day the new couple took
possession of their new business. In (822 Mr.
Griswold moved from the building he first

occupied as a hotel and printing office, into a
brick building erected by Jacob Drake, on the
southwest corner of North and Sandusky
Streets, where he continued the double busi-
ness for many years.

On September 9, 1826, Colonel Moses
Byxbe diedi For two years before his death
he had been deranged. During all the early
years of the town he had been the prime mover
in all her activities. Being a man of indomi-
table energy combined with exceptional execu-
tive ability, he was remarkably well fitted to
successfully combat the difficulties encountered
in establishing a settlement on the frontier.
The beautiful city of Delaware, as she exists
today, is a monument to his enterprise and
courage. While he thus possessed these quali-
ties so necessary to the performance of the
task which he set for himself, yet he seems
never to have had the sincere love and respect
of the community with which he surrounded
himself. Hard and grasping in his disposition,
and knowing no criterion but success, his
methods were not always such as could com-
mand the approval of those who believe in
justice and fair dealing at all times and under
all circumstances. All his efforts seem to have
been inspired solely for the purpose of acquir-
ing wealth rather than through the patriotic
desire of reclaiming the wilderness for civili-
zation for its own sake alone. In his life
purpose he was eminently successful, amassing
a fortune which, in those days, might well have
been called princely. Yet. towards the latter
part of his life, he became involved in financial
difficulties, largely through the recklessness of
his son. who seems to have inherited little of
his father's capacity for business; and it was
probably owing to this fact that he lost his
mental faculties before the close of his life.
Byxbe had. beside his son Moses, already men-
tioned, another. Appleton, who was an im-
becile. He also had three daughters who
married respectively Hon. Elias Murray. Rev.
Joseph Hughes and Hon. L. H. Cowles. all
men of prominence and influence in the com-
munity at the time.

As descriptive of Delaware in the early
day we cannot do better than quote the larger

DELAWARE COUNTY COURT HOUSE

(Showing part of Jail in lower left-hand corner.)

MOORE'S MASONIC TEMPLE, DELAWARE

RESIDENT HAYES'S I:IKTI [PLACE, DELAWARI

(President Hayes was born in the old wooden structure serving as
an L. The bi ick building in front was erected afterwards )

SANDUSKY STREET, LOOKING

SOUTH, DELAWARE

DEL VWARE O )UN PY I Ml

I ►] I \\\ >lRE CITY IIA

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

part of an address delivered by Cyrus Piatt,
fi ir years one of the prominent citizens of the
town, at a meeting- of the Delaware Pioneer
Association, August 25, 1898: "That old
brick house at the southwest corner of William
and Union Streets was built and occupied by
Dr. Reuben Lamb as his residence about the
year 1810. He was one of the first settlers
of the town. * * * It seemed to be the
intention of the original proprietors and early
pioneers of the town to make William Street
the principal street of the town, both for busi-
ness and residences. Nearly all the buildings
put up on William Street, east of Sandusky
Street, were substantial brick houses, generally
two stories high, with front door in the middle,
opening into the hall where the stairs were lo-
cated. The original Byxbe residence was built
in this style, as many of you may remember.
A short distance east of this Byxbe house,
fronting on the street, was a small, brick
building, say about 20 feet square, used by
Air. Byxbe, Sr.. for his office. * * * In
this office building the first post-office was
opened and continued there for several years.
Henry Street, north of William, was not then
opened, and an apple orchard extended from
the Byxbe residence clear down to the river
bank, north side of William Street.

"Dr. Lamb owned considerable ground ad-
joining his residence on the west side, extend-
ing south to the run. Directly south of his
residence he put up a frame building near the
run in which he and Mr. Hayes, the father of
the late Ex-President R. B. Hayes, conducted
the business of distilling whiskey, an article
which, at that time, was considered one of the
necessities of life, if used in moderation. The
taverns all kept it in their liars for the specul
aco nnmodation of travelers.

"I do not know just when the exodus oi
residents on William Street to Sandusky
Street commenced. As new settlers came in
who wanted to engage in business they gave
the preference to Sandusky Street. Mr. Wil-
liam Little built a one-story brick house on the
southwest corner of Sandusky and Winter
Streets and opened a store there. * * *
Joseph L. Webb rented a room on the north-

east corner of William and Sandusky Streets,
opened his goods and commenced business
there. In the year 182 1 Mr. Webb put up a
two-story frame building that combined store-
room and residence, where S. P. Shur's store
now is, and opened his stock of goods in this
store-room, and his family occupied the resi-
dence. The ground between this building of
Mr. Webb's and Mr. William Little's one-
story brick store on the corner above, was
vacant and used by Mr. Webb as a garden,
and was enclosed by a high board fence ex-
tending from the corner of Mr. Little's store
down to Mr. Webb's house. The only other
structure on the west side of Sandusky Street
between Winter and William, were Thomas
Butler's saddle shop and residence, on the
ground now occupied by Templar Hall build-
ing, and a two-story frame near the corner of
William Street, built and occupied by Dr.
James H. Hills with his family, who were
among the early settlers here.

"The only buildings on the east side of
Sandusky Street, between Winter and William.
were a frame on the corner where the Hi itel
Donavin is now located, in which Pardon
Sprague kept tavern ; the residence of Mr.
William Little, a large two-story brick, stand-
ing on a large lot, some twenty feet back from
the street, on ground now occupied by the
First National Bank, and the large building ad-
joining it on the south. The residence and
cabinet shop of Mr. William Mansur were
about where the 'Gazette' office is now located.
Mr. Hezekiah Kilbourne, an eastern man,
bought the ground extending from Winter
Street north on the west side of Sandusky
Street to the alley, and built a one-story
brick store room on the corner of Sandusky
and Winter and opened a general stock of
goods in it. I think it was he who built the
large two-story brick residence that was owned
and occupied for several years by Mrs. Kil-
bourne, widow of Alexander Kilbourne, de-
ceased, that stood on the ground now occupied
by the Steeves Block and the Hill's Bros,
wholesale grocery store.

"In due course of time Dr. Lamb bought
the Kilbourne corner store, and all the ground

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

adjoining, of Airs. Kilbonrne, and added to
the building on the west end, fronting on
Winter Street, and on the north side fronting
on Sandusky Street, with a wide porch on
that side, carrying the building up two lull
stories, thus making of it a commodious and
pleasant residence. When the work of re-
modeling this house was completed Dr. Lamb's
family left the William Street house and
moved into their new house which sunn be-
came noted for hospitality by entertaining
visitors from neighboring towns and socinl
evening gatherings of neighbors. When Bishop
Chase and other clergy came here to hold
service in St. Peter's Church, they were enter-
tained usually at the Lamb mansion, as I learn
by mother's diary. * * * There were no
houses south of the run, no 'South Delaware'
in those early days. That part of town was
all open commons and used for pasture. Cows
would be turned loose in the morning and
allowed to roam where they pleased in search
of pasture, and we would have to hunt them
up and drive them home in the evening."

One of the most historic mansions in Dela-
ware, built in the early day, and which, by rea-
son of its being" later the birthplace of Presi-
dent Hayes, ought to receive mention here, is
what was known as the Messenger House on
East William Street. When it was first built
it was regarded as the finest residence here
although it has long since fallen from its f< ir-
mer glory, so far as appearances are con-
cerned. It is thus described by one of the
older citizens who has long been a resident of
the town: "It was a small brick house, two
stories high, with a pitched roof, one side
facing William Street. The front door was
in the middle of this side, with a room on
each side. There were four frame windows
in the lower story, two on each side of the
door and five in the upper. The root was
shingled and a log L added to the back side.
The brick part was about jo by 30 feet, and the
log part 10 by 15 feet. The log part has since
been rebuilt and a frame addition takes its
place. With this and a few other slight
changes the house remains the same as it did
three-quarters of century ago." It was in

this house that one of the first schools in the
place was established. For a time it did duty
as a store room, but for a number of years
now it has again been doing service as a
dwelling.

GROWTH OF POPULATION.

For a number of years after the War of
1812 the growth of Delaware was slow. The
lands of the "New Purchase" coming into the
market, sadly arrested the prosperity of the
town and interfered greatly with its expan-
sion. In 1 836 Judge T. W. Powell and
Samuel Rheems platted a tract of land just
south of the original boundaries of the town
between Sandusky and Liberty Streets, and a
little later M. D. Pettibone made another ad-
dition just south of that of Powell and
Rheems. The unsold Baldwin lands just north
of the town limits were also platted about the
same time, and there were then no further ad-
ditions made until 1843. Since then the town
has gradually expanded in various directions,
new additions being made as its growth in
population would seem to warrant.

The village, as incorporated in 1816, in-
cluded the tract originally platted by Baldwin
and Byxbe in laying out the town on the west
side of the river. As new additions were made,
however, from time to time, the town outgrew
its original boundaries, and it was but natural
that an agitation should arise for an extension
of the corporation limits. It was not until 1852,
however, that any measures were taken with
this end in view. In that year the question of
extending the corporation limits across the
river was submitted to a vote of the people
and was carried by a vote of 270 to 12. The
territory taken in at this time included the
larger part of the present limits of the corpora-
tion on the east side of the Olentangv, extend-
ing as far south as Vine Street, and including
a part of the fair grounds. In 1868 there was
a general extension of the corporation limits on
all sides, bringing the dimensions of the town
pretty near to what they are at the present
time. There have been several extensions since-
then, ho\vever. In 1874 a tract was added on

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

IIS

the north which fixed the northern boundary
of the town where it is at present. In the
next year Lot 13 on the east side of the river
was added. There was no further enlarge-
ment of the corporation boundaries then until
1893 when the west portions of lots 18 an 1
1 9 were brought within the corporation limits
and the western boundary of the town estab-
lished as it is today. The only extension since
then has consisted of a small tract just north-
east of the bend in the Olentangy River in the
north part of the town. The corporation.
boundaries, as thus established, embrace an
area of nearly four square miles, extending
approximately two and one-third miles both
from north to south and from east to west in
its most extended portions.

The growth in the population of the town
is a matter of equal interest with the extension
of her physical boundaries. "In the fall of
1808 thirty-two votes were polled, and, adopt-
ing the ordinary rule of counting five persons
for each vote, the number of inhabitants for
the whole township would reach 150. But.
without invalidating this rule it will be ob-
served that the circumstances of the early set-
tlement of Delaware were unusual, and that
this number is an overestimate. A number
of voters are known to have been men with-
out families, or whose families were not in
the township (the law in this latter respect not
being then in vogue, or not enforced as now ) ;
others, as Dr. Lamb and Jacob Drake, had
very small families ; and other families were so
grown to maturity as to have more than their
proportion of voters, as in case of the Byxbe
family. These conditions were unusually
prominent, and it is probable that there were
not over 100 inhabitants in the whole town-
ship. In the winter of 1816 a wood chopper
standing on the hill where Monnett Hall now
stands, on one of those clear frosty mornings
when the smoke goes straight up into the air,
looked over the valley and counted the evi-
dences of thirty-two houses in the little town.
In 1820 we meet with an estimate that places
the number of houses at fifty and another, by
actual count, places the number near sixty in
1823. Adopting the ordinary rule of five to
a dwelling, we find the number of inhabitants

in the town in 1816, 150; in 1820, about 250;
and in 1823 nearly 300." The census of 1830
gives the city a population of ^32; of 1840,
898; of 1850, 2,074; of i860, 3,889; of 1870,
6.000; of 1880. 6,894; of 1890, 8.224; of
1900, 7,940. It would seem from this that,
just as in the case of the entire county, there
has been an actual decrease in the city's popu-
lation in the preceding decade. Many, how-
ever, were inclined to doubt the correctness of
the census of 1900, as there is every indication
that the population of the city has been con-
stantlv increasing. At the present time, from
a careful enumeration made in the interest of
the Sunday schools of the city, during the past
year, it is a conservative estimate to place the
number of inhabitants at 10,000.

INCORPORATION.

Delaware was first incorporated in 1816,
a special act for that purpose having been
passed by the Legislature. The powers granted
to the village do not seem to have been very
extensive and many of the various functions
necessary for its government were still per-
fi irmed by the township officers. The general
management of the affiairs of the village was
placed in the hands of a Board of Trustees,
elected by the people. This form of govern-
ment continued until 1849, when, through M.
D. Pettibone, who was the member of the
Legislature from the county at the time, an-
other act was secured from the Legislature
providing for a Town Council consisting of
eight members, with powers considerably
greater than those which had theretofore been
given to the Board of Trustees. This new
Council chose from their number a mayor.
recorder, treasurer and assessor. They also
elected a marshal, though from outside of their
number, together w;ith a street committee of
three men, two of whom were not members
of the council. In 1841 the people again
sought a change in their government, and
again an act was passed conferring still larger
powers upon the Council.

CITY GOVERNMENT ORGANISED.

It was not until 1873 that Delaware rose
from being a village to the dignity of a city.

116

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

In that year, after a petition had been pre-
sented to the Council, the matter was submitted
to the people at the spring election and decided
in favor of the change. In the following July
the city was divided off into three wards. In
1875 it was re-apportioned into five. This di-
vision continued until 1891 when there was a
re-division of the city into six wards. Again
in 1899 there was a change in the boundaries,
though not in the number of the wards. A
few years ago came the decision of the Su-
preme Court rendering void all of the Special
Acts passed from time to time for the gov-
ernment of the various municipalities through-
out the commonwealth and making necessary
the enactment of a code which sin mid apply tu
all alike. Under this act, passed in 1902,
the city of Delaware was again re-organized,
in common with every other municipality in
Ohio, and has continued on the basis then
established to the present day. Under the
former regime, after the village had been
merged into the city, the officers consisted of a
mayor, marshal, solicitor, street commissioner,
two members of the Council from each ward,
a clerk of the Council and a city engineer, the
two latter, together with the police, being ap-
pointed by the Council, while all the others
were elective. The county treasurer served
also as the treasurer of the municipality. The
changes made by the code in the various mu-
nicipal offices, inasmuch as they are common to
every municipality of the same class in the
State, need not be enumerated here. We give
herewith, however, a complete list of the per-
sons who have filled the various offices in the
municipality since it rose to the rank of a city
in 1873. Although the chief of police has not
been an elective officer since the enactment of
the code, yet we include him with the other
officers since he is the direct successor of the
mershal, who was elective under the old
regime :

[872 — Mayor. John 1). Van Deman ; clerk,
Edward A. Pratt; marshal, (.'. V. < Kvston; so-
licitor, fackson Hippie; street commissioner,
William Owston.

1S71 — Mayor. \Y. ( ). Semans ; clerk. Ed-
ward A. Pratt; marshal. J. A. Andersi n; so-

licitor, fackson Hippie: street commissioner.
W. H. Adams.

1876 — Mayor, J. A. Barnes; clerk, Ed-
ward A. Pratt ; marshal, C. V. Owston ; so-
licitor, G. G. Banker ; street commissioner,
William Hollenbaugh.

1878— Mayor, C. H. McElroy: clerk. Ed-
ward A. Pratt: marshal, C. V.' Owston; so-
licitor, G. G. Banker; street commissioner,
George Clark.

1880— Mayor, F. M. Joy; clerk, Edward
A. Pratt; marshal. W. J. Davis; solicitor, G.
G. Banker ; street commissioner, George
Clark.

1882 — Mayor, H. L. Baker; clerk, George
Clark ; marshal, W. J. Davis ; solicitor, G. G.
Banker ; street commissioner, Peter F. En-
gard.

[884— Mayor, H. L. Baker; clerk. Matt.
H. Wagner; marshal. Chas. F. Miller; solici-
ti >r. Frank A. Kauffman : street commissioner,
Geo. Dennis.

1886— Mayor, Henri E. Buck: clerk. Matt.
H. Wagner; marshal, Chas. F. Miller; solici-
tor, N. F. Overturf (resigned as solicitor
March 5, 1888, and H. H. Beecher was ap-
pointed to fill out his unexpired term) ; street
commissioner, Peter T. Engard.

1888 — Mayor. James K. Newcomer ; clerk,
Matt. H. Wagner; marshal, P. S. English; so-
licitor, H. H. Beecher; street commissioner,
Peter T. Engard.

1890 — Mayor, Henry S. Culver; clerk,
John T. Evans; marshal, P. S. English; so-
licitor, H. H. Beecher ; street commissioner.
P. T. Engard.

1892 — Mayor. H. S. Culver; clerk. Aimer
Geiner; marshal. P. S. English; solicitor, H.
H. Beecher ; street commissioner, Richard
O'Keefe.

1894 — Mayor, H. L. Eaker; clerk. Abner
Genier (succeeded before expiration of term
by W. H. Altrock); marshal. P. S. English;
solicitor, Clarence Jones; street commissioner,
Richard O'Keefe.

1896 — Mayor, W. R. Carpenter; clerk, E.
E. Naylor; marshal. H. W. Vogt; solicitor,
Clarence fones ; street commissioner, Julius
Bobo.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

117

1898— Mayor. John McClure; clerk. E. E.
Naylor; marshal, P. W. Keefe; solicitor,
Charles W. Knight ; street commissioner, Ju-
lius Bobo.

1900 — Mayor, John McClure; clerk, E. E.
Naylor; marshal. William Matthews; solicitor,
Chas. W. Knight ; street commissioner, \Y. \Y.
Williams.

1902 — Mayor. H. C. Clippinger; clerk, E.
E. Naylor; marshal, William Matthews; so-
licitor, B. W. Hough; street commissioner,
W. W. Williams.

1903 — Mayor. H. C. Clippinger; president
of council, E. I. Pollock; auditor, F. D. King;
treasurer. H. L. Clark ; solicitor, B. W. Hough ;
Board of Public Service, F. T. Evans, E. S.
Mendenhall, John Shindoler; chief of police,
William Matthews.

1905 — Mayor, H. H. Beecher ; president
of council, E. I. Pollock; auditor, F. I). King;
treasurer, H. L. Clark; solicitor, E. S. Owen;
Board of Public Service, Prof. Richard Per-
sons, W. B. Campbell, J. C. Swickheimer ;
chief of police, William Matthews.

Delaware officials elected or appointed to
serve during 1908-09 — Mayor, W. E. Haas;
president of the Council and vice-mayor, J.
R. Selover; auditor, F. D. King; solicitor,

E. S. Owen ; treasurer, H. L. Clark. Mem-
bers of Council : J. R. Selover, president ;

F. D. King, clerk ; 1 st Ward, F. J. Klee ; 2nd
Ward, Victor Hardin ; 3rd Ward. W. J.
Davis ; 4th Ward. J. F. Gaynor ; Members-
at-large. Dr. J. H. Miller, Adam Siegfried,
A. J. Arehart. Board of Public Service :
Prof. Richard Parsons, W. B. Campbell,
Chris Potter; clerk, F. D. King; superintend-
ent of streets, Frank Rutter; superintendent
of cemeteries and parks, D. Grinton ; city en-
gineer and superintendent of sewers, George
Irwin. Board of Public Service: Dr. A. J.
Willey. Edward R. Thompson. Board of
Education : Dr. A. J. Pounds. W. F. Dodge.
Dr. E. M. Semans ; superintendent of schools,
W. McK. Vance ; truant officer, T. M. Baily.
City Examining Board: William McK.
Vance, Henry T. Main ; clerk, John Shoe-
maker. Board of Librarv Trustees : D. H.
Battenfield, V. D. Stavnian, H. T. Main.
Board of Health: E. C. Hudspeth. Dr. J. K.

James, J. W. Pfiffner, J. J. McGough and
Mayor Haas. Chief of police, James W.
Spaulding.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

For a number of years the government of
the village and city was administered from the
old building on West Winter Street, erected
in 1824, for use as a Methodist Church. Later
it had done service as a school building; and
when the corporation came into possession of
it in i860 it was fitted up as a market-house,
council-room and lock-up. Court was. for a
time, held in the council chamber, and the
lower part of the building was used as an
engine house. Its usefulness, however, was
inevitably bound to diminish sooner or later,
as the constantly enlarging city required more
extensive and commodious quarters for the
maintenance and government of its various
interests, and for which the facilities afforded
by the old church building were wholly inade-
quate. Consequently, in the latter part of the
seventies, there began to be an agitation look-
ing towards the erection of a building which
should meet the needs of the city. In March
of the year 1879 a committee which had been
appointed by the Council for that purpose, re-
ported favorably on a project to erect an en-
gine-house, council-room, mayor's office, etc.,
calling attention to the fact that the time was
especially opportune, inasmuch as the entire
indebtedness of the city. $16,000, would be
cancelled within the next two years, and recom-
mending that the Legislature be asked to au-
thorize a bond issue of $6,000. Later the
plans seem to have undergone an enlarg'ement
in the public mind and in the spring election
of the year 1879, the people voted, by a ma-
jority of 449, to build a City Hall. The
Council, soon after, took steps to secure a bond
issue of $35,000, advertised for plans for the
construction of the building, and appointed a
building committee, consisting of C. B. Adams.
W. T. Watson and F. Bonneman, members of
the Council. The plan submitted by Mr. F.
F. Schnitzer was accepted and the Shoub
property at the southeast corner of William

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

and Sandusky Streets was chosen as the site
for the new building, and purchased at a cost
of $10,000. The work on the building was
done, at first, under the direct supervision of
the Council, through their committee, but later
a contract was let for its completion. It was
finished in the year 1882, having cost some-
thing over a hundred thousand dollars, and is
now one of the most commodious and ser-
viceable structures of its kind to be found in
any city of the size of Delaware, providing as
it does, aside from its beautiful auditorium, a
place for the administration of all the various
departments of the city government.

WATER WORKS.

An improvement which meant much to the
city was the introduction of a svstem of water
works. In 1888. The Delaware Water Com-
pany was incorporated by eastern capitalists.
The same year the City Council granted the
company a franchise for the use of the streets,
and the following year the mains were laid,
machinery was installed and the plant was
completed. The water was turned on and the
system was accepted and approved by the city
on October 30, 1889. Up to the present time
about 22>-2 miles of water-mains have been
laid, and 256 fire hydrants have been placed.
The water was originally taken from wells in
the gravel fiats near the Olentangy, about
three miles north of the city. Later, four
wells, each 225 feet deep, were bored through
the solid rock. Three of these are eight
inches and one is six inches in diameter. Sev-
enty-five or eighty per cent, of all the water
served to the people of Delaware comes from
these wells, and it is claimed that not a case of
typoid fever in this city has ever been traced
to this water supply. The plant consists of
two pumping-engines having a daily capacity
of 2,000,000 gallons each, and an air com-
pressor for forcing water from the deep wells
to the surface. One new 150-horsepower
boiler was installed about a year ago, and be-
sides this there are two 75-horsepower boilers.
The steam and pumping outfit is in duplicate,
one set being always idle, which insures a

never-failing supply of water. About 9,000
people are served with water. There are
about 1,550 individual services, fifty per cent,
of the water being measured through meters.
Hon. F. M. Marriott has been president of the
company for a number of years, and Capt.
C. W. Wiles has been secretary and superin-
tendent since 1892.

FIRE DEPARTMENT.

No department of the city is characterized
by greater efficiency than that of the fire de-
partment, evolved from the self-constituted or-
ganization of pioneer days. In the infantile
days of Delaware, the fire alarm was a signal
for every able-bodied citizen to rush forth,
bucket in hand, and do his utmost to put out
the fire, and this continued to be the method
of fighting fires until the middle thirties. In
1834 two engines were purchased by the
Council, small affairs described as "small rec-
tangular boxes, with a pump worked by levers,
at which four men, by crowding could find
mom to work." In October, 1834, the Coun-
cil took the first steps in the organization of a
fire department, laying out the city in two dis-
tricts. No. 1 , of which Henry Moore was made
Captain, including all that part north of Win-
ter Street, and No. 2, captained by Edward
Potter, all south of that street. In each a
company was organized to include a captain,
one or two subordinate officers and twenty-
five men. the director of operations at the fires
being the captain whose engine first arrived
at the scene of action. In 1838 two small
engine houses were erected, one on the south-
west corner of William and Sandusky Streets,
and the other on the Court House lot. In
1846 a large hand-engine of the Hunneman
pattern was purchased for $675. and other
necessary apparatus brought the expenditure
at the time up to $978.50. The Council also
purchased a hose-reel and hook and ladder
truck for $147.58, and these additions to the
departmental equipment necessitating more
n null, the west end of the William Street mar-
ket-house was fitted up as a fire station. A
fire association was next formed, consisting

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

[19

of a company organized to take charge of the
new engine, known as the Olentangy Engine
Company ; the Neptune Hose Company : the
Rough and Ready Hook and Ladder Com-
pany: and the Protection Company, which
worked one of the smaller hand engines. It
was officered by a chief engineer and two as-
sistants. The Protection Company disbanded
after a brief existence. Another company
was organized in 1856, Washington Fire
Company No. 2, for which a new engine and
hose-reel were purchased, at a cost of Sj5i,-
184.88. In 1857 two substantial brick struc-
tures were completed at a cost of $1,500. one
on the corner of the parade grounds and the
other at Franklin and North Streets. The
east part of the city made a demand for bet-
ter fire protection, and in 1864 a second-hand
engine was bought of the city of Cleveland for
$800, a company was organized, and a station
erected for the sum of $3,20.4.76. but the lat-
ter was not completed until in 1868. De-
cember 15, 1870. the city bought a brass-plated
Silsby Rotary engine of the third size, for
which the old market-house was fitted up.
The first fire team was then purchased and
George H. Aigin appointed engineer. This
was an important step in advancement, and
was followed in 1874 by the purchase of an-
other Silsby rotary of the second size. 'Sir.
Aigin was transferred to the new engine,
known as W. E. Moore, No. 2, and \Y. E.
Kruck became engineer of the old engine.
Delaware No. 1. The hose-reels, until this
time manned by volunteer companies, were
next replaced by a horse hose-reel, and in
1876 the hook and ladder wagon was fitted
for horse power. All of the apparatus was
housed in one building, and the company con-
sisted of seventeen men and the chief. The
city fixed the annual appropriation at S3. 500,
out of which came the expense of keeping the
teams, and the yearly salaries of two engineers
and two drivers, the others receiving fifty cents
per hour for service.

The engine-house at City Hall had, when
it was installed, at the time of the building's
erection, two steam fire-engines, a hook and
ladder wagon and hoset-cart. with four horses.
In 1895 a new hose-wagon was purchased.

One of the steam engines was replaced with
a chemical in 1885. January 1, [908, Station
No. 2, on Potter Street, was completed an 1
occupied. It is a two-story brick building and
was erected at a cost of $3,767. When the
city purchased the lot on which Station No.
2 was built, there was a two-story brick house
there which cost $1,500, in which two men
belonging to the station reside. The water
pressure being 65 pounds, it is not necessary
under ordinary circumstances to use the
steamer, which is kept in reserve.

The last hose-wagon purchased was re-
modelled into a combination hose and chemi-
cal, and a new combination hose and chemical
was purchased for Station No. 1 at a cost of
$1,650. The department now has six head of
horses and 4.500 feet of hose. There are six
permanent men in the department and ten
minute men. C. \Y. Keiser has been chief
since October 15. 1906, succeeding C. O.
Jones, who had been chief for two or three
years previously. Chief Jones' predecessor
was Mont Battenfield, who succeeded E. M.
Heller, whose predecessor was W. E. Moore.

CEMETERIES.

It will be remembered that in laying oui
the town of Delaware, the square bounded by
North (now Central Avenue), Sandusky,
Winter and Franklin Streets was set apart for
church purposes, including the cemetery.
After a short time a change was made in this
plan, and lots in different parts of the town
were given to the churches, and the square
originally set off was utilized for building pur-
poses. A few burials were made in the lot
now occupied by the Court House and Library,
then known as Briar Hill, but on April 4, 181 1,
a part of lot No. 5, situated on the southeast
corner of North and Sandusky Streets, was
sold to the trustees as a burying ground, for
which they paid $50. This property was not
used as a cemetery, however, the trustees de-
ciding that an acre of ground situated east
of Henry Street, where the railroad now
passes, and owned by Dr. Reuben Lamb was
better suited to their purpose. This was pur-
chased and began to be used in 1S12. The

I JO

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

following winter and spring a number of sol-
diers were buried tbere. Many of the old
settlers were buried there without anything to
mark their graves, and the place of their
burial was long ago obliterated. In excavat-
ing for the railroad, all vestiges of remains
were taken up and reburied in the later ceme-
tery just north of the old one.

About 1820 an association was formed
which purchased about two acres of ground
adjoining the old cemetery on the north, and
this was added to from time to time until it
extended to Delaware Run. By 1850, it be-
came necessary to have more ground for burial
purposes. Accordingly, on the 13th of July
in that year, the citizens of Delaware held a
meeting at the Court House for the purpose
of forming a cemetery association. Emery
Moore acted as chairman and C. C. Chamber-
lain as secretary. A committee composed of
Dr. R. Hills, C. C. Chamberlain. D. F. Mc-
Cullough,, James Eaton and B. Powers, was
appointed to inquire into the wisdom of en-
larging the cemetery in Henry Street or se-
lecting a new location. After giving the mat-
ter most careful consideration they reported in
favor of purchasing the Kilbourn farm, which
was located about a mile south of the central
part of the cillage, on the west side of the
river road. This property extended about
eighty rods on the road, and was about one
hundred rods from east to west. The surface
is undulating, abounding in situations which
make it admirably adapted to the purpose.
A little rivulet runs through the northern part
of the grounds from east to west, reaching out
its branches into all parts of the tract.

After the committee hail made its report,
T. W. Powell presented articles of association,
the name of the association to be "The Oak
Grove Cemetery Association." C. Piatt was
appointed clerk of the association. The articles
of association were signed by the following
gentlemen : C. Hills, R. A. Jones, Judge T.
W. Powell, George F. Stayman. C. Piatt, E.
Moore, S. Rheems, A. A. Welch, H. Williams.
<i. W. Campbell. ( i. W. Little, W. S. Little,
M. L. Griffin, G. W. Stark. H. Wan Horn. A.
Welch, Judge S. Finch. The constitution and

by-laws were drafted by Dr. Hills. B. Powers,
and James Eaton. The following gentlemen
were appointed trustees: Messrs. Dr. Hills,
Eaton, McCullough, Chamberlain and C. Hills.
Of these. Dr. Hills was the first president; C.
Piatt, clerk; B. Powers, treasurer; James
Eafc m, surveyor ; D. F. McCullough, agent,
and Samuel Parks, superintendent.

The impressive ceremony of dedication was
held in the grove, in the northwestern portion
of the grounds, Thursday morning, July 20,
1851. The day was beautiful, and the con-
course of citizens large and attentive. The
first burial in the cemetery was on the day of
dedication, immediately after the ceremonies
of the occasion. An amiable old lady, Mrs.
McCracken, who had lived just her allotted
time of three score years and ten. was thus
fitly appointed by Providence to lead in "the
way of all flesh." The cemetery failed to be
self-supporting, and after a conference be-
tween the trustees and the City Council, it
was unanimously decided to deed the cemetery
to the city. This was done on May 25, 1863.

The management and supervision of the
cemetery was placed in the hands of the follow-
ing named gentlemen from 1863 to 1887:
Benjamin Powers, 1863 to 1864; James
Eaton, 1864 to 1868; Benjamin Powers.
1868 to 1870; T- A. Clippinger, 1870 to 1872;
W. T. Watson. B. T. Bell, J. S. Cox. 1872;

Jas. L. Slough, Albright, J. S. Cox,

1873; J as - L. Slough, j. D. Van Deman. F.
Kurrley, 1874; W. T. Watson, J. R. Lytic B.
Loofbourrow, 1875; George Clarke, M. C.
Broderick, F. Kurrley, 1876; Silas Peirson,
Geo. Clarke. R. N. Jones, 1877; W. T. Wat-
son, J. H. Pumphfey, R. W. Reynolds. 1878;
W. T. Watson, T. M. Bvers, S. B. Weiser.
1 879 ; S. B. Weiser, R. ' W. Reynolds, S.
Hutchinson, 1880; X. Wagner, R. W. Rey-
nolds, T. M. Byers, 1881 ; N. Wagner, T. M.
livers, E. Highwarden. 1882; N. Wagner, T.
M. Byers, John Firtch, 1883; N. Wagner. T.
M. Byers, Jacob Klee, 1884; N. Wagner, M.
P. Hunt, John Firtch, 1885; N. Wagner. M.
P. Hunt, Philip Lacher, 1886.

In 1878 the handsome front gate was
erected at a cost of $500 by private subscrip-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

121

tion. through the instrumentality of B. W.
Brown and J. H. Pumphrey.

In April, 1887, Mayor Henri E. Buck or-
dered an election of cemetery trustees in ac-
cordance with the revised statutes. Section
2518. The election took place April 4, 1887.
The following gentlemen were elected : V.
T. Hills, for three years; John W. Watkins,
for two years; H. J. McCullough, for one
year.

The board organized at the office of the
city clerk on April 8th, when the following
officers were elected: President, H. J. Mc-
Cullough; treasurer, V. T. Hills; secretary,
Matt. H. Wagner.

The superintendent, J. J. Reeder, who had
charge of the grounds for twenty-four years,
resigned, and the trustees appointed superin-
tendent. David Grinton.

The following trustees have held office
since— 1888, V. T. Hills, I. \Y. Watkins,
Isaac Wachter; 1889, V. T. Hills, Frank
Burns, Isaac Wachter; 1890, Frank Burns,
Isaac Wachter, R. J. Cox; 1891, James R.
Lytle, F. Bums, R. J. Cox; 1892, Geo. Clarke,
James R. Lytle, R. J. Cox; 1893, Geo. Clarke,
James R. Lvtle. R. J. Cox; 1894, R. T- Cox,
Dr. E. M. Hall, Geo. Clarke; 1895, Dr. E. M.
Hall. Geo. Clarke, R. J. Cox; 1896. Dr. E.
M. Hall. Geo. Clarke, R. T- Cox; 1897, Dr. E.
M. Hall, Geo. Clarke, R. J. Cox; 1898, Dr. E.
M. Hall, Geo. Clarke. R. J. Cox; 1899, Dr. E.
M. Hall, R. T. Cox, D. D". Beck; 1900. Dr. E.

M. Hall. R. I. Cox, D. D. Beck; 1901, Dr. E.
M. Hall, R. J. Cox. D. D. Beck; 1902. Dr. E.
M. Hall, R. 'I- Cox, Dr. C. G. Lewis; 1903,
Dr. E. M. Hall, R. J. Cox, Dr. C. G. Lewi's.

In 1 89 1 the trustees started condemnation
proceedings on a tract of land comprising about
fifty acres adjoining the cemetery on the west,
and extending through to Liberty Road. Title
to this property was acquired in 1893. The
following year a stone chapel and vault was
erected and dedicated. In 1901 the bodies
that had been buried in the old cemetery on
Henry Street were removed to Oak Grove
Cemetery.

On May 4, 1903, the trustees were legis-
lated out of office and the cemetery was turned
over to the Board of Publrc Service. On Au-
gust 31, 1905, the lot owners held a meeting
at the First National Bank, at which were
present : R. W. Reynolds, J. D. VanDeman,
R. J. Cox. George H. Waldo. J. J. Shur and

D. H. Battenfield. Mr. Reynolds was chosen
chairman and Mr. Battenfield secretary. As a
result of this meeting a corporation under the
name of The Oak Grove Cemetery Company
was formed. On February J3, 1906, the fol-
lowing gentlemen were elected trustees : Dr.

E. M. Hall, president; Dr. C. G. Lewis, vice-
president; George W. Powers, treasurer; D.
Grinton, secretary and business manager. On
February 19th of the same year, the cemetery
was turned over by the Board of Public Ser-
vice to these trustees.

CHAPTER VI.

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES.

Early Roads and Stage Coaches — Turnpikes — Proposed Canal — The Railroad Era — First
Successful Railroad — Other Railroad Enterprises — Railroad Shops Located in Dela-
ware — Electric Railways.

For the first few years after the pioneers
from New England landed in what is now the
State of Ohio, they were so fully occupied in
providing for their immediate needs that the
question of roads could receive no attention.
In 1795 Governor St. Clair wrote to the offi-
cials at Washington. "There is not a road in
the country." Broad tracks must have been
made, however, by the various military expe-
ditions passing between Cincinnati and Mad
River on one route and out to the Maumee on
others. One of the earliest internal improve-
ments by the United States Government was
the road for the mail route between Wheeling
and Limestone. This was built by Ebenezer
Zane, of Wheeling, and was known as "Zane's
Trace." He received three sections of land
along the route as pay. Isaac Shaffer, the
grandfather of our esteemed citizen, Rev. J.
F. Shaffer, assisted Zane in surveying this
road, and it was he who suggested to Zane
that the little settlement of a half dozen fami-
lies from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, be
called New Lancaster. Zane adopted the sug-
gestion, and the town was called New Lan-
caster until 1845, when the Legislature passed
an act dropping "New." So far as we know,
this is the first time this fact has been re-
corded in history, and Dr. Shaffer, who was
told the facts by his grandfather, is our au-
thority.

This and the other roads built in these
earlv days were not much like the crushed-

stone pikes of the present day. Mud was then
the only top dressing of the roads — often of
unknown depth, though of well known ad-
hesive qualities. Goods were very high, and
none but the most common and necessary mer-
chandise was brought here. This had to be
packed on mules from Detroit or wagoned
from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, thence down
the Ohio River in fiat boats to the mouth of
the Scioto, and then packed or hauled to its
destination in the interior. The freight was
enormous, often costing $4.00 a hundred
pounds.

EARLY STAGE COACHES.

It was a great event when, on May 8, 18 17,
a stage coach began to run between Columbus
and Chillicothe. The fare to Circleville was
$1.25, and to Chillicothe, $2.00. Way pas-
sengers paid six cents a mile. As early as
1820, a line of four-horse stage coaches ran
between Columbus and Mt. Vernon, passing
through Galena and Sunbury, making the.half-
way stop at the latter point. The coaches met
daily at Galena, and for that point this was the
great event of the day. This was the main
artery that connected the Berkshire settlement
with the outside world, and the appearance of
the passengers, the change of mails, and the
marvelous stories of the drivers, afforded
abundant material for gossip. The coaches
were of the regulation pattern, so often seen

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

123

in old prints. They were painted a fawn color,
ornamented with red. The body was swung
high above the wheels on heavy leather springs,
so that every lurch of the coach seemed to
threaten sure destruction to the passengers.
Azel and David Ingham were the noted Jehus
of that line, and their exploits were the theme
of many a thrilling story told about the roar-
ing fireplace of the settler's cabin. At times,
the road was cut up so as to be almost impas-
sible, and the theory of the drivers seemed to
be to gain sufficient momentum in rushing into
these ruts to carry the coach out of them at the
other end. The result of this theory to the
passenger can better be imagined than de-
scribed, and was endured with a patience not
handed down to the modern traveler. A tale
is told of a driver who was given to drinking,
and when "under the influence" was inclined
to give an exhibition of his skill by some fool-
hardy driving. One moonlight night, having
someone on the box with him whom he wished
to frighten, he whipped his team into a full
gallop, and, taking to the woods beside the
road, wound in and out among the trees and
then to the roadway again without a mishap,
enjoying as only such a character can the ter-
rified expression of his companion. In 1830,
fare by the coach on the old mud pike was
seven cents a mile from Columbus through
Delaware to Portland — now the city of San-
dusky. A journey to Cincinnati or an eastern
city was talked of, planned and dreaded for
weeks ahead. Friends came to bid the traveler
a tearful good-bye and wish him God speed.
As late as 1845, the coach was sixteen hours on
the way from Columbus to Delaware. The
poor male passenger was happy if he could re-
tain his seat the whole way; often he would
have to walk and carry a rail to pry the coach
out of the mud. Once, a traveler appeared in
town, several hours in advance of the coach,
carrying his trunk on his back. When asked
why he did not come by the coach, he replied
that he was "willing to pay his passage and
walk, but I'll be hanged if I will pay my fare,
walk, carry a rail all the way, and help to pry
the coach out of the mud." It took Delaware
citizens three or four days to reach Cleveland

or Cincinnati or Pittsburg, while Toledo was
blockaded by the mud for months of the year.
Lots of money was lost or won in betting on
the speed of the horses and the time that would
be made between different villages.

TURNPIKES.

The first charter issued by the Legislature
to a turnpike company to build a macadamized
road, running through the central part of Ohio
from north to south, was dated February 8,
1832. Nearly one-half of this turnpike from
Columbus to the Lake was over the route now
traversed by the interurban electric line. The
Radnor plank road, twelve miles long, was
built in 1855; the Delaware and Worthington
pike in 1868; the Delaware and Sunbury pike
in 1870, and the Delaware and Marysville pike
in 1 87 1. These four roads were toll roads, a
total of thirty-three miles in length. The
Delaware and Troy pike was built in 1869,
and the Ashley and Delhi in 1870, and were
free.

PROPOSED CANAL.

The subject of canals early agitated the
people of the State. In this movement, how-
ever, the people of Delaware took but little
part. On February 5, 1840, at "early candle
lighting," a meeting was held at the Court
House to talk canal news — to talk about build-
ing a canal from this town to Lake Erie.
Speeches were made and considerable enthu-
siasm on the subject was evinced, but nothing
practical ever came of it.

THE RAILROAD ERA.

Ohio was not far behind the older eastern
states in inaugurating its railroad era. The
first steam railroad in the world was that built
by George Stephenson in England about 1825.
The first railroad in the United States was built
the following year in Quincy, Massachusetts.
This was merely a horse-car line, and was usel
only to haul granite from the nearby quarries.
In 1830, the Baltimore & Ohio railroad com-

124

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

menced a line extending westward from Bal-
timore. Somewhere between 1830 and 1835,
the old Sandusky & Mansfield road was com-
menced in this State; Sandusky and Cincinnati
being the terminal point as originally planned.
The Little Miami was the next road. About
this time we find the citizens of Delaware tak-
ing considerable interest in several railroad
enterprises, some of which were never car-
ried out. We quote the following from the
Ohio State Gazette under date of July 5. 1832 :
"At a meeting of Railroad Commissioners,
held at Springfield, of the Mad River & Lake
Erie R. R. Co., books were ordered to be
opened at Delaware by Ezra Griswold and
Solomon Smith, and at Marion by Geo. H.
Busby and Hezekiah Gordon, in addition to
places mentioned in last meeting." A resolu-
tion was passed, asking Messrs. Vance, Finlay,
Crain, Cook and Corwin, who were then mem-
bers of Congress from the sections of the State
through which the road was to pass, to "re-
quest of the President of the United States an
engineer' to make a survey, etc." In the same
paper of November 14, 1833, is the following
statement: "It appears from statements in
New York papers that the stock-books were
closed without the requisite amount of stock
being taken in eastern cities, and the New
York Advertiser expresses a doubt as to
"whether the great work will be accom-
plished."

At a much later date other railroad enter-
prises were promoted but never completed.
One of these was called the Newark, Delaware
& Northwestern. At one time the prospects of
completing the road seemed quite promising.
Counties and people along the proposed route
subscribed liberally to the stock. Delaware
Township subscribed for $100,000 worth of
stock by a vote of j$j to fifty-six. On Sep-
tember 5, 1872, a meeting of this Company
was held at Ottawa, Putnam County, at which
4. 1 50 shares of stock of $50 each was repre-
sented. The meeting therefore proceeded to
the election of directors, among whom was J.
C. Evans, of Delaware, who was also elected
president of the Board. Measures were taken
to secure a favorable vote in each township

through which the proposed road was to pass.
All interest in the venture suddenly died out,
just why, no one seemed to know.

The Lebanon & Nenia Railroad was an-
other of the "paper railroads" that never got
beyond the promotion stage. Starting at Nenia.
it was proposed to run the road through Dela-
wre, Mount Gilead and Mansfield to some
point at or near the mouth of the Cuyahoga
River.

FIRST SUCCESSFUL RAILROAD.

The first railroad venture that proved a
success in this part of the State, and one which
especially interested the citizens of Delaware
County was that running between Cleveland
and Columbus, later known as the "Cleveland,
Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Rail-
way ;" popularly called the "Bee Line," or the
"Three C's and I." This became a part of
the "Big Four" system, January 1, 1890. The
question of building this road was discussed as
early as 1835, anc ' on March 14th of the fol-
lowing year, a charter was granted "for the
purpose of constructing a railroad from the
city of Cleveland through the city of Colum-
bus and the town of Wilmington to Cincinnati.
Before the work was begun, a number of
amendments were made to the charter, among
them one that relieved the company of any ob-
ligation to "construct its road through or to
any particular place." Engineers and survey-
ors ran several lines between Cleveland and
Columbus, and for some time it was undecided
whether to run the road through Delaware
or Mt. Vernon. Work on the road was com-
menced in 1848, and it was finally decided to
run the road through this county, provided the
county would subscribe $100,000, in addition
to the amount that would be subscribed for in-
dividually. This proposition did not, at first,
meet with popular approval ; many of the citi-
zens who resided at considerable distance from
the proposed line of the road reasoned that
they could receive little, if any, benefit from it.
and therefore they should not be taxed to help
build a railroad which would be almost beyond
their reach. At a meeting which was held at

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

125

the Delaware Court House to consider the
matter, Judge T. W. Powell made a proposi-
tion that the commissioners on the part of the
county, subscribe the required amount, and
that the people who felt interested in the suc-
cess of the enterprise should give mortgages
on their individual property to indemnify the
county for any loss that might occur. This
proposition was agreed to, and the commission-
ers subscribed $100,000 on behalf of the
county, and at the some time, individuals sub-
scribed for about the same, amount. While
this brought the road through Delaware
G lunty, it did not pass through the city of
Delaware, as it now does. The original route
lay on a straight line through Oxford, Brown,
Berlin and Orange Townships, but passing to
the east of Delaware Township. In 1851, they
began to run trains over the line. In order to
secure the subscription from the people of
Delaware, they had been promised that a con-
nection would be made with the city by a curve
or arm. At that time the citizens of Colum-
bus, who were watching Delaware with a jeal-
ous eye, did everything in their power to pre-
vent the road coming to this city. President
Kelly was finally prevailed upon to fulfill this
part of the contract and came to Delaware to
learn whether the people preferred that the
connection be made by means of an arm or a
curve. The curve was chosen and built, and
then — only one train a clay, an "accommoda-
tion," passed through Delaware, all "through"
trains continuing to run on the direct route,
three miles out of the city, as before. Finally
the officials of the road woke up to the fact that
the four or five hundred students attending
Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware made
several trips over the road each year, and con-
cluded that it might be worth while to cater
for their patronage and that of the other resi-
dents of that city. Then a regular passenger
train was sent over the curve daily, and this
was soon followed by all passenger trains,
leaving the direct track for "through" freights.
Finally, the track between the extreme ends
of the curve, a distance of about three miles,
was taken up. and all the traffic passed through
Delaware. It is interesting to note that the
first passenger train that came info 1 the city

of Delaware brought Louis Kossuth, the dis-
tinguished Hungarian exile, who accepted the
invitation of the city of Delaware to make a
short stop here on his way from Cleveland to
Columbus. It was not until some time after
the completion of this road that it became a
part of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati &
Indianapolis Railway.

OTHER RAILROAD ENTERPRISES.

In 1850. a movement was started to build
a railroad from Springfield to Mt. Vernon via
Delaware. The following quotation from the
Olentangy Gazette of April 25, 185 1, gives an
excellent account of the early work in connec-
tion with this venture: "The directors of the
Springfield & Mansfield Railroad Company,
accompanied by a corps of engineers, have
been in this place and neighborhood for several
days past, exploring the country and making
the preliminary surveys, preparatory to locat-
ing the road through the county. The sur-
veys show the county to be admirably adapted
to the construction of a road, and that it will
be speedily built may be regarded as a fixed
fact. A single glance at the map will show the
vast importance of the work. At Springfield,
it will connect with two roads to Cincinnati
and one to the lake, and by reducing the dis-
tance from the river to the lake so as to make
the route over this road considerably shorter
than any other route can be, it will defy all
competition for through travel. At this place,
it will unite with the Cleveland and Colum-
bus road, and on the east, at Alt. Vernon, with
the Pennsylvania & Ohio road, now being con-
structed west through Pennsylvania and this
State to Indianapolis. It must necessarily be a
very important road, and the stock cannot but
pay well." The Gazette in its June 13th issue,
printed the following under the head of
"Springfield & Delaware Railroad :" "On Sat-
urday last, a vote of Delaware Township to
take $25,000 stock in the above road, was de-
cided in the affirmative by 303 votes for and
thirteen against it. A meeting was held at the
Court House on Wednesday night, for the pur-
pose of discussing the proposed subscription on
the part of the of the county to the Springfield

126

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

& Delaware Railroad. After remarks by Pow-
ell and Little of Delaware, and Whitley of
Springfield, in favor of subscription, the fol-
lowing resolution was offered by Powell, and
passed with but three dissenting votes :
'Resolved, That, in the opinion of this meet-
ing, it is expedient to vote a county subscrip-
tion of $50,000.' ' A few days later, the of-
ficers and directors of the Springfield & Mans-
field Railroad and the promoters of a proposed
road between Mt. Vernon and Loudonville.
and Mr. Roberts, the chief engineer of the
Ohio & Pennsylvania road, representing the
directors of that Company, held a meeting in
Delaware, and consolidated the Springfield &
Mansfield and Mt. Vernon & Loudonville Com-
panies into one company for the construction
of a railroad through Marysville, Delaware,
Mt. Vernon and Loudonville, where it would
intersect the Ohio & Pennsylvania road. On
May 11, 1869, this consolidation was incor-
porated as "The Pittsburg, Mt. Vernon, Co-
lumbus & Louden Railroad Company." A large
and enthusiastic meeting was held on the
evening of this day at the Court House in
Delaware, where speeches were made by Judge
Powell, General Anthony, and Mr. Roberts,
the engineer. As a result, Delaware County
voted a subscription of $50,000. and Delaware
Township subscribed $25,000 to the venture.
The paper on October 17th, stated that the en-
gineers had permanently located the route be-
tween Marysville and Delaware. The bridge
over the Olentangy at Delaware was built in

1853, and the road was completed early in

1854. For a number of years after its com-
pletion, this road was called the Springfield,
Delaware & Mt. Vernon Railroad. That part
of the old grade from the city of Delaware to
Centerburg has never been completed. The
grade between Centerburg and Mt. Vernon
was sold to the Cleveland, Alt. Vernon & Co-
lumbus Railroad, and is now part of the Cleve-
land, Akron & Columbus road. The unfinished
portion above referred to was graded and
ready for laying down the ties, when the com-
pany became involved in financial reverses,
which made it necessary to sell the road. The
Cleveland & Columbus Railroad purchased it
in January, 1862, for $134,000. A number of

years after this, it was consolidated with the
Cincinnati & Dayton road, thus giving a more
direct route to Cincinnati than by way of Co-
lumbus. This change in route made it possi-
ble to connect directly with the road running
to Indianapolis via Galion and Bellefontaine.
It was in this way that the road came to be
called the "Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati &
Indianapolis Railway."

Its report to the railroad commission in
1868 shows that the road had twenty-five sta-
tions, nine engine-houses and shops, forty-five
engines, about 800 cars of all kinds and 1,315
employes. The main line had 138 miles of
track, and the Springfield branch fifty miles.
Average cost of the road. $34,000 per mile.

RAILROAD SHOPS LOCATED IN DELAWARE.

A movement was started in the early 50's
by the people of Delaware to have the shops
and offices of the Springfield, Delaware & Mt.
Vernon Railroad located here. The company
sent a representative here to solicit subscrip-
tions to enable the company to erect shops and
build cars here. The county subscribed $50,-
000 to this enterprise, and a similar amount
was raised in three of the townships, besides a
liberal subscription by individuals. Nothing
was done, however, until after the consolida-
tion of the Springfield, Delaware & Mt. Vernon
and Cleveland & Columbus roads. The new
company agreed to locate the shops, offices and
depot buildings of the road at Delaware if the
city would pay $35,000 towards the expense
of erecting the buildings. This was agreed to ;
the money was paid and the railroad company
erected large brick buildings, in which they
established fully equipped shops. In 1901. a
new and larger roundhouse was built on the
site of the former roundhouse, and in 1904, a
brick boilershop was erected, 55 by 70 feet in
dimensions, part of which is two stories high.
Including all departments, there are now about
^2^ men employed in the shops, and this does
not take into account the large number of train-
men and other employes who make their home
in Delaware. The company was not so prompt
in erecting the depot buildings which had been

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

127

agreed upon, and it was not until 1865 or '66
that they were put up.

The Cleveland, Akron & Columbus Rail-
road enters Delaware County at the north-
eastern corner of Trenton Township, where it
has two stations, Condit and Big- Walnut, and
runs in a southwesterly direction through Sun-
bury and Galena, passing into Genoa Town-
ship about midway of its northern boundary,
and thence in a direction a little west or south
to Franklin County. This road was incorpor-
ated March 17. 185 1, as the Akron branch of
the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad. This was
a separate and distinct company, organized to
build a railroad from Hudson, Ohio, to con-
nect with the present Pittsburg, Fort Wayne &
Chicago Railroad. On November 1, 1869, it
received by assignment from the Pittsburg,
Mount Vernon, Columbus & Loudon Railroad
Company, all that portion of the Springfield,
Mount Vernon & Pittsburg Railroad extend-
ing east from Delaware through Mount Ver-
non in the direction of Millersburg. As al-
ready stated in this chapter, the part of this
roadbed which lies between Delaware and Cen-
terburg was never made use of. The present
line of road was completed and trains began
running over it in the early winter of 1872.

The railroad which is now commonly
called the "Hocking Valley"' was originally in-
corporated on May 28, 1872, by a number of
Columbus men, under the name of "The Co-
lumbus & Toledo Railroad." The line of the
road was permanently located in the fall of
1873. I n Liberty Township, which the road
enters on the south, it has two stations, Powell
and Hyatts. It passes through the western
part of the city of Delaware, and runs in a
northwesterly direction across the southwest
Corner of Troy Township, where it has a sta-
tion, and on through Radnor Township to
Marion County. The station in Radnor Town-
ship is about a mile east of the village, and is
known as Meredith. It was intended, origi-
nally, to run the road due north from Dela-
ware, but the purchase pf $10,000 worth of
stock by Radnor citizens influenced the com-
pany to run the road through their township.

The road was begun November 17, [876,
and was fully completed in July, 1877. The

work of construction had progressed so well,
that the company, in response to urgent re-
quests of stockholders and business men, be-
gan, on January 10, 1877, to run trains over
the road between Columbus and Marion.

On August 20, 1 88 1, this company and the
Ohio & West Virginia Railway Company were
consolidated with the Hocking Valley Railroad
Comany, under the name, of the Columbus
Hocking Valley & Toledo Railway Company.
Ever since the consolidation, the company has
struggled against heavy indebtedness and
much litigation, with great reduction in the
value of its stock, and difficulty in meeting: the
interest on its bonded debt. The result was
the appointment of a receiver of the company
on February 28. 1897, by order of the United
States Circuit Court for the Southern District
of Ohio.

In the late 70's, a road, known as the At-
lantic & Lake Erie Railroad, was surveyed be-
tween Pomeroy on the Ohio River and Toledo.
As originally planned, the road was to pass
through Newark, Alt. Gilead and Bucyrus. the
object being to develop the coal fields through
which it passes in the counties south of New-
ark. It was completed south of that point and
equipped with rolling stock, but for a long time
it looked as if that portion of the road which
runs through Delaware County on north
would never be built. It was completed, how-
ever, in the early 8o's. It crosses the north-
east corner of Porter Township, where it has
one station. Peerless. The Toledo & Ohio
Central, as the road is now called, does not
run through Newark, but passes a few miles to
the west, through Central City.

The present line of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road running through Delaware County was
originally known as the Columbus & Sandusky
Short Line Railroad. It enters the county on
the north a little west of Norton, in Marlbor-
ough Township, and runs southeast through
Troy Township, where it has a flag station,
Troyton, and on to Delaware. From this city
the mad runs southeast through Berlin and
Orange Townships to Franklin County. There
is one station, Gregory, in Berlin Township,
and two stations, Lewis Center and Orange, in
Orange Township. The original promoter of

128

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

this road was W. E. Guerin, a citizen of Co-
lumbus, who married a Delaware lady, a
daughter of R. W. Reynolds. The present
station in Delaware was built in the winter of
i892- - 93, and the first through train passed
tin. nigh the city on April 15, 1893, although
during the first part of that month locals be-
tween Delaware and Marion had been run, but
not on schedule.

Later this road was re-organized, and took
in a line running into Zanesville, known as The
Columbus, Sandusky & Hocking Railroad,
which name the new organization adopted.

Almost from the beginning this railroad
venture was beset with financial difficulties,
and before the Pennsylvania Company took
over the road, it had been in the hands of re-
ceivers four times. In 1893, the year of the
panic, business was very light. After the con-
solidation with The Columbus, Sandusky &
Hocking Railroad, a heavy expense for re-
pairs was incurred, and the road became so em-
barrassed, financially, that it went into the
hands of a receiver. This was four years after
the consolidation. The receivership lasted nine
months, and Mr. Guerin was again appointed
president. The road struggled along for an-
other eighteen months, and then went into the
hands of another receiver, and so things con-
tinued getting into the hands of a receiver and
getting out, like the freedom, debt and jail ex-
perience of Micawber, until the Pennsylvania
System purchased the road in November,
1902.

ELECTRIC RAILWAYS.

Early in 1903, the Delaware & Magnetic
Springs Railway Company was incorporated to
build an electric railway from the intersection
of the west line of the city of Delaware with a
public highway known as the Radnor Pike,
through Delaware and Union Counties to
Magnetic Springs. March 31, 1903, the fran-
chise of the Union Electric Railway Company
to build such a road was transferred to this
corporation, and soon afterward the work of
-building the road was begun. It runs west
from Delaware, through the southern part of
Radnor Township, crossing the Scioto River

at the famous old Broad ford, and thence
across the southern end of Thompson Town-
ship to Magnetic Springs in Union County.
The power-house in Thompson Township was
built at this time. On June 2^, 1904, the first
car was run over the road from Magnetic
Springs to the intersection of the Radnor and
Troy pikes just outside Delaware city limits.
It seems that the Railway Company and the
city of Delaware have never been able to
agree on the terms of a franchise which would
allow the road to enter the city over its own
tracks; however, since September, 1905, the
company has had an arrangement with the Co-
lumbus, Delaware & Marion Railway Company,
by which their cars enter the city over the
tracks of the latter company.

On October 15, 1906, the Delaware & Mag-
netic Springs Railway Company and the Rich-
wood & Magnetic Springs Railway Company
were consolidated under the name of The Co-
lumbus, Magnetic Springs and Northern Rail-
way. This company now owns about eighteen
and one-half miles of track, which, with power-
house and rolling stock, represents an invest-
ment of about $250,000. While it has not
been successful as a financial venture, the road
is destined to fill an important place in the net-
work of electric lines which is rapidly over-
spreading this section of the State.

Delaware Electric Street Railway Com-
pany. — On November 16, 1891. the City Coun-
cil passed an ordinance granting a franchise
for a street railway in Delaware to James K.
Newcomer. The Delaware Electric Street
Railway Company was incorporated May 31.
1892, with a capital stock of $60,000, the par
value of the shares being $100 each. The
names of the following gentlemen appear as
incorporators: James K. Newcomer, Captain
Velores T. Hills. Hon. John L. VanDeman.
Beverly W. Brown. William A. Hall. C. Rid-
dle, Hon. Frank M. Marriott, Robert G. Ly-
brand, Harvey J. McCullough, Henry A.
Welch and Colonel James M. Crawford. The
company was organized on June 6, 1892, at
which time the following Board of Directors
was elected : V. T. Hills, J. D. VanDeman,
James K. Newcomer. C. Riddle, W. A. Hall,
F. M. Marriott, B. W. Brown, H. J. McCul-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

129

lough and R. G. Lybrand. The following of-
ficers were then elected: President, J. K.
Newcomer; vice-president, J. D. VanDeman;
treasurer, V. T. Hills; secretary, W. A. Hall;
manager, J. M. Crawford.

Bids to build the road were called for, and
in order to keep the money in Delaware, Colonel
Crawford put in a bid, which was twenty per
cent lower than any other. Work upon the
road was started the same month, and by the
following December, the North Belt line was
completed, also the line from the Hocking Val-
ley station to the Big Four station, and the
line to Greenwood Lake. The South Belt line
was not completed until 1894. The road, in-
cluding rolling stock and power plant equip-
ment, cost about $80,000. The money for this
enterprise was all furnished by Delaware citi-
zens, and the labor of building the road was all
performed by home people. The venture has
never been a success from a financial stand-
point. After a time it went into the hands of
a receiver, John A. Cone being appointed to
that position. On July 30, 1898, the road was
sold bv order of the court, the purchasers be-
ing B.'W. Brown, F. M. Marriott. F. P. Hills
and John A. Shoemaker. The purchase price
was $13,525. These gentlemen continued to
operate the road until March 20, 1902, when it
was sold to John G. Webb, who purchased it
for the C, D. & M. Railway, of which he was
president. The consideration was $50,000.
The first cars were run over the tracks of the
Delaware Electric Street Railway in Novem-
ber, 1892. Mr. Newcomer had charge of the
road for the first month, after which Colonel
Crawford managed the road for a short period.

The Columbus. Delaware & Marion Rail-
way Company. There were exciting times
when the Columbus. Delaware & Marion Elec-
tric Railway Company and the Columbus,
Delaware & Northern Railway Company be-
gan to secure consents for an interurban line be-
tween Columbus and Marion. Their rights of
way for considerable distances, where secured,
were parallel, and it was at a most opportune
moment that the "C, D. & M.." as the com-
pany is now popularly called, appeared on the
scene and purchased the rights and franchises
of the two competing companies, and began to

build the road. In entering the county, the
road crosses the southwestern corner of Or-
ange Township, and runs a little west of north
in almost a straight line, about midway be-
tween the Hocking Valley and Pennsylvania
Railroads, through Liberty and Delaware
Townships to the city of Delaware ; thence it
runs in a northwesterly direction, paralleling
the tracks of the Hocking Valley Railroad,
through Delaware, Troy and Radnor Town-
ships to Marion Copnty. The first car began
running between Columbus and Delaware in
September, 1902, and about a year later the
line was completed to Marion. The old paper
mill at Stratford was purchased and rebuilt for
a power-house. In 1903 a spacious building
was erected adjoining the power house.
In addition to car-barn facilities, this
building contains a fully equipped ma-
chine-shop, blacksmith-shop, carpenter-shop
and paint-shop, where all the repair work of the
company is done. This Stratford property of
the company represents an investment of prob-
ably $200,000. When the power-plant was es-
tablished, it was equipped with Mcintosh &
Seymour horizontal engines, but in 1905, a
large steam turbine of 2,000 kilowatt capacity
was installed, and in 1906. an auxiliary turbine
of 800 kilowatt capacity was put in. These are
direct-connected to the generators and are the
latest type of three-phase generators manufac-
tured by the General Electric Company. The
smaller turbine furnishes power at night. The
plant runs twenty-four hours a day. There is
a steam-driven exciter of 25 K. W. and a mo-
tor-driven exciter of 75 K. W. There are four-
teen pumps for various purposes. Steam is
furnished by a battery of seven boilers having
a total of 2,000 horse-power. Forty-eight tons
of coal are consumed every day. An alternat-
ing current of 2,300 volts is generated ; that
is stepped up to 19,050 volts and sent to the
sub-stations at Chaseland, Prospect and Mar-
ion, where it is stepped down to 370 volts and
enters rotary converters where the current is
changed from alternating to direct and raised
from 370 to 600 volts, which is the current
carried by the trolley wire. An average of
about fifty men find employment in the various
departments of the Stratford plant.

CHAPTER. VII.

MANUFACTURES.

Manufacturing Possibilities of Delaware County — Early Mills and Mill Machinery — A
Tragic Occurrence — Chair Manufacture — Lumber, Furniture, etc. — Flour Mills — Dis-
tilleries — Leather — Textile Products — Paper Mills — Oil Enterprises — Foundries, etc.
— Artificial Ice — Light, Heat and Pence r — Brooms — Evaporated Goods — Clay Pro-
ducts — Cigars — Creameries — Lime and Stone — Gas Manufacture.

This has always been an agricultural coun-
ty, and most of the manufacturing enter-
prises that have found firm footing here have
been those whose products consumed the raw
materials that were available, or contributed to
the needs of an agricultural people. But there
seems to be no reason why manufacturing in-
dustries should not be developed here with
great profit to the county. Located in the geo-
graphical center of Ohio, it has excellent rail-
road facilities, and is within easy reach of all
kinds of raw materials and fuel. Thus far. the
community has been practically free from such
disturbances as originate with the labor agita-
tor. One has only to look at some of our
neighboring counties to see and appreciate the
advantages of inviting and fostering manufac-
turing enterprises ; and it would seem un-
necessary to enumerate the benefits, such as
enlarged markets for farm produce, increased
value of real estate, more business f< ir the mer-
chants, etc., that would accrue to the commun-
ity through a policy of helpful friendliness to-
ward the establishment here of manufacturing
industries. The last few years have witnessed
an awakening in Delaware. The present Com-
mercial Club of Delaware, which numbers
among its members nearly every important
business man of the city, is doing all in its
power to develop Delaware as an industrial
center.

EARLY MILLS AND MILL MACHINERY.

Such has been the improvement during the
last half century in machinery and methods of
manufacture, that the present and coming
generations must gain their conception of the
primitive mills and methods of pioneer days
from the printed page ; and in tracing the de-
velopment of manufacturing in Delaware
County, we believe it will prove interesting, at
the outset, to glance briefly at the conditions
and problems that confronted the early set-
tlers in providing themselves with such neces-
sities as meal, flour, lumber, leather, cloth, etc.
At first, mills were fifty to seventy-five miles
away, and "going to mill" involved a long
and arduous horse-back ride through trackless
forests and unbridged streams. Usually, it
took about a week to make such a journey, and
as only a small quantity of corn or wheat could
be carried, the busy frontier farmer could not
well afford to sacrifice so much valuable time.
Many, therefore, contented themselves with
"corn-crackers." such as were used by the In-
dians. To make a "corn-cracker" a stump
was cut off level on the top and a large basin
was burned out of it. A nearby sapling was
bent over to serve as a spring- pole, and to the
end of this was attached by a piece of grape-
vine a heavy wooden pestle.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

I3i

As the frontier settlement grew in size,
mills were built at sites offering the best prom-
ise of power, and where dams could be con-
structed with least difficulty. In those days,
people had little knowledge of the science of
civil engineering, and the dams constructed
were crude affairs, the like of which the people
would not now waste their time in building.
Log pens were constructed about six feet
square, roughly locked and pinned together at
the corners. A number of these would be built
across a stream, with short spaces between
them. The pens which were filled with stone,
and thus served as anchors for the dam, were
further strengthened by placing masses of
stone in front of them. Behind the pens, brush
was piled to serve as a support for the earth
which was placed upon it. These structures
offered but little resistance to the dislodging
] inwer of a freshet; they had to be repaired so
often that milling under such conditions was
truly a discouraging business. Before the land
was denuded of its virgin forest, the streams
of the county furnished greater and more con-
stant power than they do now. The power on
the Olentangy, or Whetstone, as it was then
called, at Delaware and at the "Old Stone
Mill" about a mile north of town, was good
nearly all the year, and Cone's mill on the
Scioto River in Thompson Township and the
other mills on the river south of there, had
power sometimes for ten or eleven months in
the year ; but with these exceptions, it is doubt-
ful if there was a location in the county whose
power was available for more than six to eight
months out of twelve.

The machinery in these early mills was as
crude as all else. The mill-stones were made
from large round stones called "nigger-heads."
such as still abound in the county. A section
was cut from the middle of one of these "nig-
ger-heads" and split. Furrows were cut in
the^e stones, radiating from the center. At
the circumference, these furrows were about
three and one-half inches wide and one-half
an inch deep, while at the center of the stone
they were much narrower and of little, if any,
depth. When the stones were in position, one
was revolved to the right and the other to the

left, thus crushing the corn or other grain led
between them. The ignorance of the people
in those times regarding the most elementary
laws of physics is indicated by the fact that
their object in cutting these furrows was to
provide a way of escape for the corn or meal.
In actual practice, however, the furrows be-
came solidly packed with the grist, and the
miller was robbed of a very large portion of
what would have been the grinding surface
of his buhrs. Some of the "old-timers" are to
be found who still contend that the theory was
right, though no furrows are to be found on
modern mill-stones. Such mills as these were
also used at a later time for grinding flaxseed
in the manufacture of oil.

The sawmills bore no resemblance to those
of the present time. They were known as "up-
and-down" mills. A long saw-blade, looking
something like the large cross-cut saws now
used for cutting logs and heavy timber by
hand, was fastened in an upright position, the
lower end of the saw being attached to the
side of a wheel, which when it revolved, gaTe
the saw an up-and-down motion. On each side
of the saw were placed upright stanchions,
made of flat boards, perhaps six inches in
width. These were pushed against the sides of
the log and held in place by wedges, the ob-
ject being to steady the log in its position on
the carriage. The log-carriage was propelled
toward the saw by power, but it had to be re-
turned to the starting point by hand. The
boards were sawed only to within a few inches
of the end of the log, and after all the cuts had
been made, wedges were inserted between the
boards, at the end of the cuts, and these wedges
were driven down, thus splitting that part of
the log remaining uncut. When the circular
saw was introduced, it inspired many dark
forebodings of the disasters which were sure to
follow the starting of its rip-roaring racket,
and that the mills were not torn to pieces and
everyone connected with them killed was in-
deed a miracle.

While mills were started at a number of
different places in the county at about the same
time, there seems to be little question that the
first one was built by Nathan Carpenter in

132

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

1804. This was on the Olentangy in Liberty
Township. It was used at first for a sawmill,
but a pair of "nigger-heads" were soon in-
stalled. We do not know just how long this
mill was in commission, but we know that for
several years it was the only mill in the county,
and was a boon to the pioneers in furnishing
them with meal and lumber.

In 1807, Richard Hoskins built the first
saw mill in Scioto Township, at the mouth of
Boke's Creek. He ran it for some years, but
for how long is not known.

The first mill in Berlin Township was built
by Nathaniel Hall in 1808. It was located on
Alum Creek, near the present Delaware and
Sunbury pike. Probably it was used for saw-
ing lumber as well as for grinding grist. In
1814, Joseph Lewis built a grist-mill and saw-
mill near Cheshire. Philip Horshaw settled in
Scioto Township in 1809 and immediately
built the first grist-mill. It was located on the
site of the present mill at Warrensburg. This
site has, undoubtedly, the best water-power in
the county, enough to develop 300 horse-power.
At present, only one hundred horse power is
used. The power is constant throughout the
year. The mill has a capacity of fifty barrels
of flour per day. and for the past five years has
been operated by C. K. Cunningham, whose
flour brand is "Triple Star." The mill, which
is owned by Frank Van Brimmer, was remod-
eled and enlarged to its present size of three
stories, many years ago by Fred Decker. The
machinery, however, was installed at a more
recent date.

Colonel Byxbe was alive to the needs of
his new settlement in Delaware, and soon after
coming here, he set about erecting a sawmill
and a grist-mill. A wooden dam was built
across the river at the site of the present dam.
and Erastus Bowe constructed a race from that
point parallel with the river to what is now
East Central Avenue, where it emptied into the
river. This race still remains, a monument
to its faithful and skilful builder. The saw-
mill was like others of its time, and likewise
the grist mill, which was located on the race,
smith of the sawmill, quite near to the present
fr< mt of the lot on East Central Avenue. In

1809. Gilbert Carpenter. Sr.. built a race be-
tween Big and Little Walnut Creeks, near the
present village of Galena, and erected a saw-
mill. About 1810, Nicholas Manville built a
grist-mill about half a mile southeast of the
present village of Sunbury, and in 1815 he
built a sawmill in connection with it. In 1818,
Benjamin Carpenter, Jr., built a race between
the two Walnut Creeks a little south of Gilbert
Carpenter, Sr.'s race, and erected a grist-mill.
This mill was in operation for many years,
and was doing good service in the early 8o's.

For some years, the early settlers of Har-
lem Township had to go to Chillicothe for their
milling. The first mill in Harlem was operated
by hand, but it is not known when it was built.
In 1 81 5 or 1816, a horse-power mill was
started, and not long afterwards, John Budd,
Sr., built the first water-power grist-mill and
sawmill. It was located on Duncan Run. Ben-
jamin M. Fairchild also built a saw mill and
grist-mill on this Run, and at an early day
Benajah Cook built a sawmill on the same
stream. A saw mill was erected on Spencer
Run at an early day by Colonel D. Keeler.

The first mills in Genoa Township were
built by Jeremiah Curtis, on the Big Walnut
in the northern part of the township. After
running the mills a year or two, Curtis sold
out to Elisha Newell. He ran the mill only
a year, and in 181 6, he sold it to Hezekiah
Roberts. The dam and the buildings had be-
come undermined and unsafe, so Roberts built
a race across his farm, and erected a three-
story, hewn-log grist-mill, to which he trans-
ferred the running sear and "nigger-heads"
of the old mill. This mill was operated until
1839, when it was destroyed by fire. The
owner at that time was a man named Duncan.
The mill was rebuilt, and soon after was sold
to R. C. Barnum. who was succeeded in own-
ership by Lewis Mahany, who installed a steam
power-plant. After a number of years, busi-
ness began to decline and Mahany sold out to
Mathias Roberts. He shipped the engine and
gearing to Illinois, where he started a new
mill. About 1826 or '27. Squire Sylvester
Hough and Dr. Eleazar Copeland erected a
grist-mill and sawmill down where Yankee

AND" REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

133

Street crosses the Big Walnut. It was not
I( mg before they were joined by I. S. Carpen-
ter. He induced them to build a brick dry-
house, and installed machinery in the mill for
breaking flax, which at that time was the prin-
cipal farm product.

A TRAGIC OCCURRENCE.

Dr. Copeland met his death in a
tragic manner through his connection with
this mill. We quote the following ac-
count of the sad affair : "During a continuance
of low water, there had accumulated a 'great
many logs about the mill. A sudden and heavy
rain having raised the water in the creek, the
logs were floated off, and began gbing down
stream in the current. Mrs. Copeland, notic-
ing this fact, suggested that her husband, who
was an excellent swimmer, should enter the
water and try to save them. The doctor leaped
in, for the purpose of gaining the other side,
but when in about the middle, he was seized
with cramps, and after a vain effort to reach
the bank, sank under the turbulent waters and
was drowned. This occurred on Wednesday,
and although people gathered from every di-
rection to search for his body, it was not found
until the following Sunday, and then under
circumstances that were very peculiar. It was
understood throughout the section that a thor-
ough search was to be made on that day, and
a great crowd had gathered for that purpose.
John Roberts and his brother-in-law, Mr.
Smith, had left the main party, who were ex-
ploring near where he went under, and be-
gan to search farther down stream, on the west
bank. Having sat down nearly opposite the
mouth of Spruce Run to take a rest, John Rob-
erts' attention was attracted by the hum of
flies, and watching them closely, he saw them
go in and out of a small hole which had been
made by one of the searching party in a small
sand-bar. He went clown to the spot, and.
after scraping away the sand, he discovered
the body, face downward, completely covered

with sand and driftw 1." About 1838. a

man named McLeod. who came from Pennsyl-
vania, put up a saw mill on the Big Walnut.

just a little south of the middle line of the
township.

The first sawmill in Kingston Township
was built in 1819 by Leonard Lott on the Lit-
tle Walnut. Peter Van Sickle built a saw-
mill on the same stream somewhere about the
year 1830. The exact date of the establishment
of the first sawmill in Marlborough Township
is not known, but as early as 1820, Robert
Campbell, who came from Philadelphia, had
one in operation. It was located on the Whet-
stone River, in the southeastern part of the
township, and as late as 1880, was said to be the
best water-power saw mill on the river. About
1820, John Xettleton set up the first sawmill
in Orange Township. It was located in the
southeastern part of the township. It was
changed to a grist-mill about 1835. and at once
achieved a reputation for the fine quality of its
flour. This mill was operated for many years,
during which time it passed through the hands
of a number of different owners.

Joseph Cole, who settled in what is now
Troy Township, built the first sawmill here in
1820. About 1823, he erected a gristmill. The
first meal that was ground was used in powder-
ing the hair of Newman Haven, the mill-
wright. The first dam that was built was a
crude affair of the type we have already de-
schibed. It was carried away by a freshet, and
was replaced by a more substantial one. The
owner of this dam had a narrow escape on one
occasion, that illustrates the hazards taken by
the early pioneers, while the rescue by his son
shows their ability to quickly grasp a situation
and to do the right thing at the right time on
the spur of the moment. We quote the fol-
lowing narrative of the event: "It seems that
the water had forced its way through a weak
place in the dam. gradually increasing the
crevice until it had washed out a large hole in
the bottom, through which the water was
pouring with great velocity. Mr. Cole, seeing
the danger that threatened the rest of the dam.
immediately got a corps of workmen and be-
gan repairing the break. While standing,
looking down into the hole, superintending the
filling, he lost his balance and fell into the boil-
ing, foaming vortex. In an instant he was

134

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

swept through the dam into the deep water be-
yond. Hugh Cole was engaged in hauling
logs to help repair the dam, and was just re-
turning with one when he saw his father fall
into the hole. The next moment he saw him
struggling in the branches of a submerged
sycamore tree, which had floated over the dam
a few days previous, and into which the cur-
rent had carried him. He sprang to the
ground, and, cutting the hame string, took
one of the horses out, jumped upon his back,
swam him across the river to where a "dug-
out" was tied, and, pushing that into the
streams, paddled to where his father was, and
brought him to shore. It was found upon ex-
amination that Mr. Cole's right arm was dis-
located and that he was otherwise badly
bruised. He told his son that in three minutes
more he would have been compelled to release
his hold, and in all probability, he would have
been drowned. It may not be out of place to
give another instance connected with this dam,
that resulted more fatally to one party, at least.
In 1832, Thomas Willey and Nathaniel Cozard
attempted to cross the river just above the
dam, in an old "dug-out." It seems that neither
of the men had had much experience with that
kind of a craft, and, as the river was high and
the current swift, they were carried over the
dam. By a strange coincidence, Hugh Cole
was riding along the bank and saw the men
pass over. Dashing his horse into the angry
waters just below the dam, he seized Willey by
the hair as he was going down the last time,
and brought him safely to shore. Cozard was
carried down the stream and drowned. His
body was found soon after about a mile below
the dam." Lyman Main built a dam and saw
mill on "Horseshoe Creek," in 1832, and ran
the mill for a number of years. Two years
later, Timothy Main erected a saw mill on the
same stream, near the line between Oxford
and Troy Township. It did service for a
number of years, but disappeared like the other
mills of those days.

The first mill in Thompson Township was
one for grinding grist, erected near the mouth
of Fulton's Creek by James Cochran, about
1827. Previous to this time, milling for the

settlers in this township was done at Millville,
which, as distances were counted in those
days, was "handy." A few years later, Ros-
well Field, who came into the settlement from
Canada, about the same time as Cochran, built
a saw mill on the same site, and rebuilt the
grist mill, which by that time was showing the
ravages of time. The mill now owned and
operated by Bruce Charles on Fulton Creek,
in Thompson township, was built in 1834 by
Roswell Fields on the site where James Coch-
ran had built a grist mill in 1827. At his death,
the mill passed to Roswell Fields' son, Sam-
uel, who sold it to Simon Charles, the father
of the present owner, in 1859. The original
up-and-down saw and gearing are still pre-
served at the mill. The sills, braces and all
of the siding used in the construction of the
building are of black walnut. Power is now
furnished by a 25-horse-power steam engine
and a 14-horse-power gasoline engine. The
oldest mill building now standing is that owned
by George Mulzer of Liberty Township. Mr.
Mulzer says that he has records that show that
this building was originally erected during the
first few years of the nineteenth century by a
man named Hinder. D. W. C. Lugenbeel
states that one of his classmates at the Ohio
Wesleyan University was Harry Lathrop,
whose father began operating this mill about
the time of the second war with England, and
continued to do so until late in the 40's. At
that time a grist mill and an up-and-down saw
mill were located here. The next owner of
whom we have knowledge was James Walcott,
who had the property for ten years, and sold it
to Murray Case, who, a few months later,
transferred the mill to Herman Mulzer, the
father of George Mulzer, who for many years
was a partner in the business and now retains
an equal interest in the property with his fa-
ther's estate. The hewn timbers of the original
building are still in a perfect state of preserva-
tion. Nineteen years ago a new saw mill was
installed, and in 1897. a 50-horse-power en-
gine was purchased. This power is supple-
mented by the natural water-powei. Flour,
buckwheat flour and chop feed are still manu-
factured here.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

135

The first saw mill in Thompson Township
was built in 1830, by Jacob Swartz. About
1S63, Clark Decker built a saw mill in the ex-
treme northeastern portion of the township on
the Scioto River, and in 1887, H. P. Pickrell,
who had run a mill at Ostrander, built a large
grist mill on the site which had been occupied
by Cone's woolen mill.

The first saw mill in Concord Township
was built on Mill Creek by Col. Sebum Hinton,
one of the first settlers. He did a large lumber
business, and also rafted logs and lumber down
the Scioto to Columbus, and even down to the
Ohio River. He also built a grist mill. The
date when this mill was erected has long been
forgotten, but we know that it was enlarged
in 1838, and that on account of the growth of
the business, new machinery was placed in it
a few years after that. He sold the mill to
Jabez Cole, who sold the property a few years
later to Fred Decker, who finally sold it to a
man named Cruikshank and bought the mill at
Millville, or Warrensburg, as the village is
now called. After that it passed through the
hands of several owners, one of whom, Dr.
Blymer, made extensive improvements in it. At
a later date it was owned by Dr. Morrison, at
one time a practicing physician of Delaware.
It is not known when or by whom the first saw
mill was erected in Brown Township, but it
was several years prior to 1830. The mill was
located on Alum Creek, about three miles north
of Eden, and never attained any importance.
In 1830, Ezekiel Longwell built a saw mill on
that stream, within the limits of the village of
Eden. Later, when it was becoming some-
what dilapidated, it came into the possession of
'William K. Thrall, who repaired it and also
built a grist mill to run in connection with it.
The mill was operated by different owners un-
til about twenty or twenty-five years ago,
when it was destroyed by fire.

The first saw mill in Porter Township was
built by Samuel Dowell, a native of Alary-
land, who settled in this locality about 1830.
The "County History," published in 1880,
says that the mill was built on the head-wa-
ters of Sugar Creek, and passed from Dowell
to his adopted son. George Deets. who ran it

for many years. About 1832, Rev. Henry
Davey. a "Dunkard" preacher, built a saw
mill about half a mile down the stream from
the Dowell mill. Another early mill was
owned by George Synder and was also located
on Sugar Creek. About the same time. Cham-
ber's mills were built on the Big Walnut, about
a mile and a half north of East Liberty. A mill
of much more recent origin was operated by
Emmett Carnes for sawing lumber and grind-
ing feed. It is probably twenty years since
this mill was abandoned. Because of the mill-
ing facilities established in the older nearby
settlements, no mills were built in Oxford
Township until 1832. In that year Milton
Pierce and Henry Riley erected a mill where
Basin Branch empties into Alum Creek. It
was operated many years until it became
decrepit from old age and hard usage. In
1846. Lewis Powers bought the mill from Joel
Coles and rebuilt it. He ran it until about
1849, when he sold it to Rev. Benjamin Mar-
ton, a Baptist minister. He raised a good deal
of flax, and so changed the mill into a flax
mill. The property still remains in the Martin
family, but the mill is no more, having been
abandoned about twenty years ago. About the
same time that Pierce and Riley built their
mill, Hosea Waters started a grist mill a lit-
tle farther up the stream. The "nigger-head"
buhr-stones were run by horse-power. Slow
as was this method of making flour, it was a
great improvement over the old custom, born
of necessity, of going from ten to twenty miles
to mill.

The first saw- mill in Trenton Township was
built in 1835, by Middleton Perfect and Haz-
ard Adams. The same year, John Van Sickle
built the first grist mill in the township. It
was located on the Big Walnut, about half a
mile northeast of Sanburv. E. M. Condit
bought this mill from Van Sickle in 1855 and
operated it until 1862, when he sold it to
Jacob Boyd. What was known as the old
Brailey mill was built on the creek, about half
a mile below the Van Sickle mill, in 1845.
This mill came into the possession of Henry
Boyd, and at a later date he purchased the
Van Sickle mill from his brother, Jacob Boyd,

1 36

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

and transferred most of the machinery from it
to the Brailey mill. Other early saw-mills
there were, of which little is known. One of
these was owned by a man named Stockwell ;
another was located on Perfect's Creek and
was run for a number of years by J. Condit.
Alvin P. Condit had a mill on the north branch
of Rattlesnake Run. At an early date a man
named Crane built a saw mill on Big- Walnut
at the mouth of Rattlesnake Run, just on the
township line. This was operated by one,
Williams for some years. The "Old Stone
Mill," as it has long been known, located on
the west side of the Olentangy, about a mile
north of Delaware, was built by Fred Decker
and H. J. L. Brown, at an early day, probably
during the '30's. Many men identified with
the early milling interests of the county were
at one time or another owners or part owners
in this mill. Among them we may name Reu-
ben Zeigler, James Slough, Charles Wottring
and Anthony Smith. The latter was the last
one who operated the mill, which was aban-
doned perhaps thirty years ago.

About thirty-five years ago, G. W. Brown
and G. W. Hughes bought what had been a
carding-mill in Galena, and began the manu-
facture of corn-planters and hay-rakes in a
small way. A few years later, James R.
Smvthe bought Brown's interest, and the firm
name of Hughes & Smythe was adopted, and
has been retained to the present time. The
factory was destroyed by fire in 1896, and was
at mice replaced by a two-story frame building.
The business employs about fourteen people,
who annually turn out about 1,200 hay-rakes,
8.000 to 10.000 corn-planters, ami 15,000 to
20,000 animal-pokes. The firm of Wheaton
X' ( 'ummings of Sunbury also manufacture
from 8,000 to 10,000 pokes annually. A rake
factory was started in 1853 in what is now
the village of Ashley, but was operated only
about a year when the property was sold to the
Methodist Episcopal Church.

CHAIR MANUFACTURE.

In 1870, Messrs. R. G. Lybrand, T. F.
Powell and Charles W. Clippinger formed a

co-partnership under the name of The Dela-
ware Chair Company, for the manufacture of
chairs. John G. Strain, an old chair-maker,
win > had been making splint chairs and selling
them from a wagon in a small way, induced
these gentlemen to take up the manufacture
of these chairs on a larger scale. A frame
building, 28 x 60 feet, two stories high, was
erected on East Winter Street. Power was
taken by a wire cable from the planing-mill
of Clippinger & Company, to the south, now
a part of the McKenzie mill. Mr. Strain was
placed in charge of the factory, and while he
was not so successful as had been anticipated,
he demonstrated that there was a demand for
the product. Mr. R. G. Lybrand, who was
engaged in the stove business at that time,
gave it up in order to devote his entire time
to the chair factory. The first year's business
was small, but the Chicago fire, which occurred
in 1 87 1, created a demand for all kinds of
furniture, and these chairs rose rapidly in
popular favor. The business increased so
rapidly that additions to the factory were built
in 1872. '?$ and '74, giving the Company
a building finally that was 74 x 100 feet and
three stories high. In 1871 Mr. Clippinger
sold his interest to Samuel Lybrand, and the
business was continued as a co-partnership un-
til 1885, when it was incorporated by R. G.
Lybrand. T. E. Powell, A. Lybrand, Jr.. and
Samuel Lybrand. The capital stock is $150,-
000. The present officers of the company are:
R. G. Lybrand president and treasurer; A.
Lybrand, vice-president and secretary. In
1880, they moved the business to the buildings
that had been erected and used by the Dela-
ware Manufacturing Company on Flax Street.
The property now comprises eight acres of
land and six or seven substantial stone and
brick buildings. The company manufactures
all kinds of chairs. They were pioneers in
the manufacture of the double-cane seat, and
all this class of work has come to be known
in the trade as the "Delaware chair." The
product of this factory is shipped all over the
country. About 125 people are employed in
this factory, to say nothing of the large num-
ber who cane chairs at their homes.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

137

LUMBER AXD FURNITURE.

The McKenzie Lumber Company. This
company's plant is located on the site of an
old ashery. Here John A. Clippinger and
George \Y. Perry built a three-story brick
mill in [866, the first two stories of which
were used for a planing-mill. They manu-
factured all kinds of interior finish, including
doors, sash and blinds. Later Mr. Clippinger
became sole proprietor, and after a time failed
in business. The mill then remained idle for
some time. In the spring of 1896 McKenzie
& Thompson came to Delaware and bought the
old Clippinger mill. At first they employed
about thirty people. In 1902 Mr. Thompson
retired, and F. E. McKenzie and P. H. Said
became members of the firm, the name of
which became The McKenzie Lumber Com-
pany. They have five mills : One at Delaware,
where they employ about forty-five people;
one at Norton, where they employ about twenty
people. This was established in 1899. The
company also has a portable mill at Sunbury.
The other mills are outside of Delaware
County. Altogether, about one hundred peo-
ple are employed by this company. Their
plant in Delaware is on a lot including about
five acres. The teaming and logging work-
requires sixty head of horses. About thirty-
six carloads of sucker-rods are manufactured
each year. A large business is also done in
buggy and wagon stock. From 4,000.000 to
5,000.000 feet of lumber is manufactured an-
nually, and this is shipped all oves the United
States and to foreign countries.

In 1900 C. C. Dunlap started a steam saw-
mill on land leased from the Hocking Valley
Railroad. A building 75 x 125 feet was
erected. In 1903, a planing-mill was also es-
tablished. About 300,000 feet of hardwood
lumber are sawed and manufactured annually,
including a large quantity of wagon stock,
which is marketed principally in South Bend,
Indiana. About 300 carloads of softwood lum-
ber is handled annually, the business being
conducted on both a wholesale and retail
basis.

The firm of Clark & Battenfield was estab-
lished January 1. 1904. Their business, h
ever, is one that dates its beginning back at
least thirty-five years, when Frank C. Ger-
hart started in the lumber business at the rail-
road crossing on South Sandusky Street. Dur-
ing all these years a planing-mill has been run
as a part of the business. The manufacture of
cement building blocks was begun here in the
spring of 1903. All kinds of building ma-
terial and supplies and coal are handled by this
firm.

Jeffrey Brothers saw- and planing-mill at
Ashley. This mill was established about i860
by Lewis Powers. Sometime in the early
'80's Mr. Powers took his son into partnership.
Evidently the business was not successful, be-
cause in August, 1906, it was sold at sheriff's
sale to A. L., O. S., M.. and I. B. Jeffrey, who
with their father, composed the firm of F.
M. Jeffrey & Sons. The saw-mill building is
22 x 86 feet and the planing-mill is 40 x 50
feet. Each mill has its own engine and boiler.
They manufacture about 500,000 feet of hard-
wood lumber annually, and they also do a
retail business in softwood lumber and interii >r
finish amounting to $10,000 to $15,000 an-
nually. They also have a well-equipped ma-
chine-shop, in which they do all kinds of ma-
chine repairing.

J. T. Erwin established a saw-mill at Sun-
bury in 1898. He handles about a hundred
carload of hardwood lumber each year. He
manufactures hardwood frames for buildings
and wagon stock, and also exports a large
amount of white oak in large dimensions. At
times as many as twelve men are employed
here.

The Ashley Lodge and Church Furniture
Company. This business was established by
W. W. Stratton, in 1869, to manufacture a
line of furniture such as the name of the com-
pany implies. Until 1900, he sold direct to
lodges and other organizations. In 1900 the
policy of selling only at wholesale was adopted.
In 1905 the business was incorporated under
its present title. C. S. Aldrich is president,
Edward Keltner is treasurer and W. W.

138

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Stratton is secretary and manager. The pres-
ent building', which was originally an opera
house, has been occupied for nearly thirty
years. The company numbers among its cus-
tomers every regalia house in the United
States. Some of the outfits which it manu-
factures for lodges sell for as much as $1,500.
The business totals from $15,000 to $20,000
a year and furnishes employment to about
twenty men.

About 1903 Messrs. Keys & Worboys of
New York City established a plant in Dela-
ware for the manufacture of barrel hoops and
staves. This business was purchased on De-
cember 1, 1906, by J. K. Wylie, who has
doubled the capacity of the plant. About
thirty men are employed, and about 30.000
hoops and 36,000 staves are turned out daily,
the product being shipped to cooperages all
over the country.

The Union Handle Manufactory, at Ash-
ley, was established in the spring of 1905, by
Harry D. Hale. He makes all kinds of fork,
hoe. rake, shovel and "D" handles ; also runs
a saw-mill, and ships about a hundred car-
loads of lumber a year. He ships about a
carload of wagon stock each week. The main
building is 200x46 feet, and in the spring of
1908, an addition 36x50 feet in dimensions
was erected and equipped with special machin-
ery for the manufacture of "D" handles. The
power is furnished by one 60 H. P. and one
50 H. P. engine and one 70 H. P. and one
80 H. P. boiler. About thirty-five men are
employed in the mill and a like number in
logging.

FLOUR MILLS.

Flour-mill at Sunbury. The history of
this mill dates back to about 1842, when
Samuel Peck and T. P. Meyers built a saw-
mill half a mile due east from Sunbury. This
was sold to James Bailey in 1848. He added
a grist-mill, and in course of time sold the
property to John and Henry Boyd. In 1872
they sold the mill to G. J. Burrer, one of the
present owners. Three years later Mr. Burrer
moved the mill to his present location in Sun-

bury. The mill was remodelled in 1882 and
new machinery was installed. About that
time improvements in milling machinery were
being invented at a rapid rate, and so in 1887,
the mill was again remodelled. Six years
later, his present elevator, having a capacity
of 16,000 bushels, was erected. In 1907 Mr.
Burrer's son, Parker, was admitted to part-
nedship, the firm name of G. J. Burrer & Son
being adopted. Their brand of flour is "White
Loaf," and the present capacity of the mill
is eighty barrels per day, in addition to the
meal and other feed which they grind. Power
is furnished by an 80 H. P. Cooper engine.

The flour-mill at Ashley was established
in 1875. when the Ashley Milling Company
was formed by M. B. Shoemaker, Dell Coomer
and Joseph Cole, whose firm name was Shoe-
maker, Cole & Company. They erected the
present mill building, in which they installed
old-fashioned buhrs. It had a capacity of
fifty barrels a day, and their brand of Hour,
"Diamond Wedding," was widely known and
used for many years. It has always been a
steam mill, the power being supplied by a
65 H. P. slide-valve engine. The mill was
purchased by J. B. Miller & Company in the
late '70*s, and in 1882, they remodelled it,
installing modern flour-making machinery and
increasing the capacity of the mill to 100 bar-
rels. They sold out to O. Jones, John Doty
and Frank Miller about 1886 or '87. After
being owned by several other parties, the mill
came into the possession of the present own-
ers, L. E. Shoemaker and W. M. Shoemaker,
who have adopted the firm name of the Shoe-
maker Milling Company. "Mother's Choice"
is the brand of flour now made, and besides
having a large sale in all the surrounding
towns, an average of 650 barrels a month is
shipped to Columbus.

The Powell Milling Company was organ-
ized in August, 1907, by Frederick H. Jaycox,
H. E. Sharp and Dr. Charles F. Talley. They
installed a Miller 40 H. P. gasoline engine,
which consumes only three gallons of gasoline
per day. "Straight Grade" is the brand manu-
factured, the capacity of the mill being forty
barrels per day. Everything in the line of

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

139

feed is also ground. As the machinery which
was installed in this mill was brought from
an old mill on the Scioto l\i\er. it may be well
to state here such facts as we have been able
to obtain concerning that site, which is in
Concord Township, about two miles below
Bellepoint and a mile north of the Girls' In-
dustrial Home. So far as we know, the first
mill here was built by a man named Fred-
ericks. It was burned in 1809, and at that
time was owned by Lee Went. In 1876, David
W'illey and Thomas Slough built a mill at this
point. W'illey sold out to his partner after
two years. After some time, the mill passed
into the hands of James Slough. About 1880
his estate sold it to Daniel Stokes. About
1889 he sold the mill to Erastus Stone, who
sold it about 1893 to John Jaycox. From him
the property passed to his son, Frederick H.
Jaycox. He put in a steam plant, which he
later replaced with a gasoline engine. As
above noted, Mr. Jaycox dismantled the mill
and removed the machinery to Powell, in Oc-
tober. 1907, so the old Magnolia mill, as it
was called by W'illey & Slough, has doubtless
seen its last days of service.

What is now commonly spoken of as
Snyder's mill, which is located at 69 East
Central Avenue. Delaware, will soon be torn
di wn and even the building will be a thing
of the past. In 1846 Fred Decker started a
flour mill here, the building having been pre-
viously used as a woolen-mill by Col. Benjamin
F. Allen. Later the mill was purchased by
Charles W'ottring, Frank Miller and J. H.
Pumphrey. The mill changed hands fre-
quently. Charles W'ottring being identified with
it most of the time until about 1880, when
E. Snyder purchased W r ottring's interest. Up
to that time the capacity of the mill had been
fifty barrels. Snyder remodelled the mill, in-
creasing its capacity to two hundred barrels
per clay. Later his sons Edward. Arthur and
Peter ran the mill under the firm name of Sny-
der Brothers, Edward Snyder eventually be-
coming the sole proprietor. In 1880, the ele-
vator was built and other improvements made
at an outlay of something like S.10.000. On
April jo, 1906. the property was sold to the

Electric Roller Milling Company, and they
closed the mill.

The Electric Roller Milling Company of
Delaware was established in 1904 by Kaiser
& Gwynn. At that time a 25-barrel mill was
built, the dimensions of the building: beine
90 x 40 feet. Mr. Kaiser retired from the
firm in 1905, and a corporation having the
present title was formed. The following gen-
tlemen comprised the Board of Directors and
held the official positions indicated : E. F.
Gwynn. president; T. J. Griffin, treasurer; J.
G. Rosenthal, secretary ; John F. Gaynor. The
same year the capacity of the mill was in-
creased to 100 barrels, and the elevator ca-
pacity was increased to 20,000 bushels. The
principal brands of flour made are. Pride of
Delaware, Acme, Electric and Silver Dust.
This is the only flour-mill now in the city.
The company also does a large business in
grain, feed, salt and coal.

DISTILLERIES.

There are men yet living who can remem-
ber when it was thought necessary to serve
Heritor at a church "raising." and it was the
usual thing for a man who made whiskey to
contribute as many gallons as he could afford
to the salary of the minister. It was also
customary for merchants to keep whiskey and
glasses where they were freely accessible to
their customers, on the theory that a liberal
use of this lubricant facilitated trade. While
the early settlers brought their taste for liquor
with them, it was not so much the demand
for whiskey as it was the market which its
manufacture made for corn that led to the es-
tablishment of numerous stills at such an early
date. The first still in Berkshire Township
was operated by Nicholas Manville in con-
nection with his grist-mill, which was located
near the present town of Sunbury. This lie-
came the property of Major Strong about
[817. He ran it until 1825. when he sold the
still to Eleazar Gaylord. When the business
was it its height, it was carried on in a two-
story stone building. Here a large part of
the surplus corn raised by the settlers was

140

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

converted into whiskey. In those days there
were no revenue officials to bother distillers,
who had a home market for their product,
thus eliminating the expense of transportation
and a selling force. The result was that pure
whiskey was sold for twenty cents a gallon.
While the whiskey of those days was the
"straight goods," and the use of prune juice,
etc.. in connection therewith had not been dis
covered, its intoxicating qualities were not in
any way diminished, and there were those who
made intemperate use of the beverage, to their
own shame and the disgust of the community.
The hoys had a method of punishment which,
while it afforded them amusement, gave some
expression to the sentiment of orderly citizens
and at the same time taught the offender to in-
dulge his tastes in the seclusion of some private
retreat. When a man was discovered in a
state of helpless inebriation, each arm and leg
would be seized by a boy, and laying their
victim face downward on a barrel, the boys
would roll him until his disordered stomach
was relieved of its contents and the man was
in some measure sobered up. It was seldom
that more than one or two applications of this
remedy were necessary to accomplish the de-
sired result. A story is told of one inveterate
individual in Sunbury, who was familiarly
known as "Uncle Tommy," which we will
quote. He "seemed to defy the correctional
force of the old method, and a more stringent
method had to he adopted. He was seized one
time, thrust into hogshead, and rolled some
fifty yards into the creek. The treatment was
severe, but the cure was radical for the time."
Colonel Byxbe had a still in the cellar of
his grist-mill on what is now East Central
Avenue. Here his customers were wont to
regale themselves with sundry strong potations
while waiting to be seiwed by the other de-
partment of the establishment. Another still
which is often referred to in the records of
those early days was built by Dr. Reuben
Lamb on Delaware Run, nearly opposite the
spot where the Edwards gymnasium now
stands. For several years Rutherford Hayes
(the father of President Hayes) who came
to Delaware in 1817, was a partner with the

doctor, but he was noted for his temperate
u>e of the whiskey he made.

His grist-mill at what is now Warrensburg
proving unprofitable, Philip Horshaw. in 1815,
began the manufacture of liquor in a small
still-house near his mill. He continued in
this business until 1822, when he sold out to
Thomas Jones. He remained in the business
a number of years and then sold out to Jo-
seph Dunlap, who operated the still until 1S36,
when the entire business died out. David Bush
built a small distiller}' in Troy Township at
an early day, but it never amounted to much.

Two distilleries were set no in Berlin
Ti iwnship at an early date by Nathaniel Hall.
In 1816 Isaac and Chester Lewis built a still
near Cheshire. Armstrong & Frost carried
on the business. These resorts did not last
long, for it seems, the drinking habit was not
so general here as elsewhere. Jeremiah Curtis,
who was the first settler in what is now Genoa
Township, had a still in connection with his
saw and grist mills.

In 1826 C. P. Elsbre and a man named
Trip formed a partnership and began the
manufacture of liquor in the southwestern part
of Orange Township. They located their still
near a spring in the woods, but the water be-
ing so strongly impregnated with iron as to
lie unsuited to their purpose, they changed their
location to ,t point on the Whetstone. Here
they manufactured about two barrels of whis-
key a day for over a year. Air. Elsbre then
sold his interest to a man named Thomas, and
about six months later the business was dis-
continued.

It is said that near the close of the war
Walter Bump ran a "moonshine" distillery in
a quiet way in Kingston Township, hut the
Government officials soon put an end to his
operations.

LEATHER.

The early pioneers had not been here long
before there was a strong demand for leather,
hut those who established tan-yards found it
difficult to supply this material because of the
scarcity of hides. At first, nothing larger titan

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

141

wqodchuck skins and an occasional deerskin
could be had. There was no market for cattle,
and the settlers, therefore, had only as many
as were needed for the working of their farms
Later the hogs which had been turned loose
in the woods and had bred prolifically were
a source of supply. After running wild for
six or seven years they had hides of remarkable
thickness, and these, when tanned, supplied a
coarse tough leather which was used in mak-
ing harness and horse-collars. Later a mur-
raine got among the cattle, large numbers of
which died, thus furnishing for a time a good
supply of leather, but at a serious loss.

The first tannery in the town of Delaware
was started by Capt. Joab Norton in 1809, in
a two-story building which he had purchased
or erected in the fall of the previous year. It
was built into the side of the hill just north
of where the Edwards gymnasium stands.
The ravine south of this hill has been filled up,
but at that time, only the top story of the
building showed above the hill on its southern
face. The lower story of the house was used
for the works, the vats being located just north
of the building. A free-flowing spring a little
east of the building and well up on the hill-
side supplied the family and the tannery with
water. Here he also made boots. Norton be-
came afflicted with the ague, and in 1S10. he
sold the property to a man named Koester.
The latter was a carpenter, and purchased the
tannery as a speculation. In 1813 he per-
suaded Norton to return and work it for him,
but the Captain was here only a few months
when he died. The old building soon fell
into disuse, and for years stood in a rickety,
tumble-down condition, with its leaky roof of
1' ose warped-up shingles, its windows stuffed
with old hats and rags, the doors with broken
hinges and latches, slamming with every gust
of wind, and bearing all the other marks of
an abandoned, tottering old tenement. This
old building stood for thirty or forty years
unused, and needed but little more than these
signs of decay to get it a reputation of being
haunted. Later a man named Hull had a tan-
yard at this location, which he operated until
sometime in the '60's. when he sold the prop-

erty to Ohio Wesleyan University. George
Storm, who came to Delaware in 1809. worked
in the old Norton tannery for a while, and
then started in business for himself on the easl
side of Sandusky Street, about a square north
of the present Court House. He continued in
business here for many years, supplying the
country for miles around with leather. At an
early day Tom Wasson established a tannery
on Washington Street, just north of Delaware
Run. Robert O. Brown bought him nut and
ran the business until 1855, when he aban-
doned it and divided the property into town
lots. John Lee had a tan-yard on the north
side of Central Avenue, just west of Franklin
Street. This property passed into Robert O.
Brown's hands about 1852, and he closed
it up.

The first tannery in Berlin Township was
built by Wilbur Caswell in 1817. It was lo-
cated on Alum Creek flats in Cheshire for a
number of years, and was then moved on the
hill, where the business was continued until
[858. As early as 1816, William Myers sank
vats and began the manufacture of leather a
half a mile southeast of Sunbury, across the
creek from the saw and grist mill. Three
years later, a man named Whitehead started
a tannery at Galena, and did 2 thriving busi-
ness. The enterprise was carried on by dif-
ferent owners until 1873, when the business
was discontinued.

The Dunhams had a tannery on the Berk-
shire Road at an early date. A tannery was
started in Oxford Township in 1824 by
George Claypool, just south of Windsor Cor-
ners. It was owned at a later date by Jonas
Foust. and still later by James J. Sherwood.
In 1845. Israel Waters started the first tannery
in Thompson Township. It was located near the
site later occupied by Pickering's mills. The
first tan-yard in Trenton Township was oper-
ated at an early date by Silas Ogden. but
no definite knowledge of it has been pre-
served.

TEXTILE PRODUCTS.

In the days of which we write, the present
highly organized state of the manufacturing

142

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

industries was not even dreamed of, and even
if factories had been established, wherein were
made all the articles of apparel that constitute
the clothing of a family, the expense of getting
the goods to the consumer would have placed
them beyond his reach. The same conditions
placed the markets for his products beyond
the reach of the farmer, and so it was that
each pioneer family was reduced to the ele-
mental state of providing for its own necessi-
ties with its own labor and materials produced
at home. Every farmer raised flax, and this
with wool from his sheep constituted the sup-
ply of raw materials. The operations of card-
ing, spinning, weaving, fulling, etc., were all
performed at home, and as with quilting, and
corn-husking, wherever possible, "bees" were
held in order to combine pleasure with the
work, the opportunities for social intercourse
in those days being few indeed. And so it
was that when a family had twenty-five or
thirty yards of cloth, to full, a company of a
dozen or fifteen of the young men of the neigh-
borhood would gather. Taking off boots and
st> ickings, they would seat themselves in a
circle, just far enough apart that their feet
would meet near the center. The goods to be
fulled were piled into this ring, hot water and
soft soap were poured on, and the goods were
fulled by the men kicking the pile towards the
opposite side of the circle, all hands kicking
in unison, is it were. An endless rope, held
tightly by all, kept them from falling off their
seats. Of course, it would not be long before
the suds upon the floor would be knee deep,
and then some mischievous chap would ac-
cidentally kick his neighbor's seat from under
him, sending the, unfortunate victim into the
suds which were splashed to the ceiling. On
these occasions pumpkin pie and cider were
served as refreshments. Later, it was dis-
covered that goods could be fulled equally well
by placing them in a tub or barrel with soap
and warm writer and pounding the mass with
a heavy wooden pestle attached to the end of
a stick, a method which was also used in wash-
ing clothes before the days of washboards.
After a time fulling-mills were built, provided
with apparatus for carding and spinning. The

motive power was a tread-wheel worked by
oxen, and is described as follows : "The wheel
was laid flat upon its hub, the axle being in-
clined a little from perpendicular so as to af-
ford an inclined surface on the wheel. In place
of spokes, the upper surface of the wheel
formed an inclined platform provided with
cleats, upon which the oxen traveled. The up-
per end of the axle was provided with a spur-
wheel, which, acting upon gearing on a hori-
zontal shafting, communicated the motion to
the machinery of the mill." One such old mill
is now used by Charles Wheaton of Sunbury
as a stable. It was built early in the last cen-
tury by B. H. Taylor and B. Chase and did
service for many years.

In 1818, E. Barrett & Company started a
woolen-mill, just north of where Colonel
Byxbe had his saw and grist mills. This old
woolen-mill is known to the present genera-
tion as the Snyder & Star flour-mill. A large
two-story brick building was erected near the
mill, in which to board the hands. This build-
ing, the roof of which has been lowered thir-
teen feet, is now owned and occupied by the
Delaware Ice and Coal Company. It was
generally understood that L. H. Cowles was
Barrett's partner, and the prime mover in the
enterprise. Titus King afterward took
Cowles's place in the firm, the name of which
became Barrett & King. In 1827 the prop-
erty and business were sold to Colonel Ben-
jamin F. Allen, who. two years later, intro-
duced a carpet-loom. He wove one piece of
carpet that attracted considerable attention.
During this time, his mill was rented for a
period by J. W. Cone, who had learned the
trade there. In the latter part of 1829, John
Moses and Seth H. Allen purchased the mill.
These men were not more successful in the
business than the others, and the mill finally
lay idle for a long time until it was turned into
a grist-mill. In 1829 Colonel Meeker added
machinery for carding and fulling to the equip-
ment of his flour-mill at Stratford. Gunn &
Pickett operated a woolen-mill for some years
in Liberty Township, about two miles below
Stratford. The property was bought by James
Hinkle, and he continued it until the business

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

T 43

went down. In 1844 J- W. Cone established
a woolen-mill in Thompson Township, which
for thirty years was the pride of this section.
The mill was run by water-power until [868,
when steam-power was introduced. In 1874
sparks from the chimney set fire to the mill,
and it was destroyed. Luther Cone, a brother
of J. W. Cue, built a woolen-mill in Marl-
borough Township about 1846. This mill
was operated successfully for a number of
years, and was then purchased and remodelled
into a grist-mill by a man named Kline. In
1869 the firm of Page & Stevenson started a
woolen-mill in the third story of the Clippinger
planing-mill. A little later, W. K. Algire pur-
chased Page's interest, and the firm name be-
came Algire & Stevenson. In August, 1873,
a stock company with a capital of $30,000
was incorporated under the name of The Dela-
ware Woolen Company. The following men
were directors and officers: Chauncy Bradley,
president; Charles Arthur, Dr. J. H. White, J.
G. Grove. H. F. Brown and John Wolfley. A.
B. Stevenson was superintendent. They built
a brick building 40 x 90 feet, on Union Street,
besides a boiler and engine-room and a dye-
n k >in. It was well equipped with textile ma-
chinery, and the company started in the manu-
facture of flannels and blankets. Later a line
of cashmeres was added. The industry fur-
nished employment to about twenty-five peo-
ple, but was never much of a success from a
financial standpoint. About 1877 or 'j8, the
company failed, and was sold at auction by the
sheriff for $13,840. The following gentlemen,
all of whom had been connected with the com-
pany, were the purchasers: Charles Arthur,
who became president of the company ; ]< ihn
Wolfley, Charles Steinbeck. ]. Hyatt, J. G.
Gn.ve.' Dr. J. H. White, H. F. Brown. They
ran the mill until some time late in the "8o's.
when, the business proving unprofitable, it was
closed up. • After that several different manu-
facturing enterprises were carried on in the
building for short periods of time, and it was
also used for a skating rink. Finally, in 1893.
the building and lot were sold to Delaware
County for use as an armory.

In [855 James M. Hawes and D. S. Brig-
ham, who came from the East, saw an oppor
tunity to make profitable use of the large
quantities of flax straw produced here, bin
which there was no market. They interested
Judge T. W. Powell in the venture, and a
two-story factory, 40x50 feet was built and
equipped with machinery for preparing the
straw for market. It was found that the heavy
freight expense absorbed all the profit, so in
1857, the firm installed machinery for the
manufacture of cotton baling. At the end of
the first year, Mr. Hawes became the sole pro-
prietor of the business, and at a -great expense
re-equipped the factory for the manufacture
of twines, burlaps, woolsacks and seamless
grain-bags. In the meanwhile a company with
a capital stock of $150,000 was incorporated
under the name of the Delaware Manufactur-
ing Company, of which W. W. Scarborough
was president, Geoge F. Pierce, secretary, and
James M. Hawes, agent. A large mill, two
stories high, with an attic. 50 x 100 feet in di-
mensions, was erected, and a 125-horsepower
engine installed. At the close of the Civil
War. the machinery was changed for the
manufacture of bagging and cotton baling, and
a warehouse 40 x 100 feet was added. The
volume of business which was developed may
be imagined from the fact that in 1870, 182
persons were employed, the pay-roll amounting
to $4,000 a month. The company went under
in the panic of 1873, and the property is now-
used by The Delaware Chair Company.

The Delaware Underwear Company was
established in the fall of 1902 by Messrs. E.
D. Egerton and W. A. Morrison, and is the
only enterprise of the kind in the county. In
July, 1903. the business was incorporated with
a capital stock of $50,000. The present offi-
cers and directors of the company are : W.
A. Morrison, president: F. M. Bauereis. vice-
president: J. L. Anderson, secretary and treas-
urer: John A. Shoemaker and Robert Sellers.
The latter gentleman manages the factory at
Galion. Muslin underwear was at first the
product, but during the last three years, the
company has manufactured ladies' skirts and

144

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

flannelette underwear, the latter at a branch
establishment at Galion. Ohio, in the summer
of 1907. During the busy season about one
hundred hands are employed in the Delaware
fact' ry, and five traveling men are kept busy
disposing of the product, which goes all 1 iver
the country.

PAPER MILLS.

Some time in the earlv '30's, Caleb How-
ard, an enterprising, speculative sort of man,
conceived the idea of establishing a paper-mill
at what is now Stratford, and succeeded in
interesting Judge Hosea Williams, a safe,
cautious business man. in the project. In the
spring of 1838, the old flouring-mill with the
mill privileges and property were bought, the
old dam replaced by a fine stone structure, and
a paper-mill put in operation October 1, 1839.
John Hoyt was the first superintendent, and
gave the classic name of Stratford to the place.
On October 30. 1840, a fire originating among
the old rags by spontaneous combustion, did
considerable damage to the interior of the
building. In three months it was repaired and
improved, and in the fall of 1844 Howard sold
his interest to Hiram G. Andrews. In 1849
the old flouring-mill was fitted up for the
manufacture of wrapping paper, and turned out
about half a ton a day, employing some ten
hands. On February 2~. 1X57. the entire mills
were burned, entailing a loss of $25,000. with
an insurance of not over $10,000. In No-
vember of [857, a stone building, two stories
high, about 50 x 80 feet, with several additions,
was built at a cost of some 830,000. By tin's
time the mill was recognized a-- the must im-
portant paper-mill west of the Alleghany
Mountains. At the time of the lire in 1840.
the firm had accounts to the amount of $10,-

000 due it from the State, and in [861, they
had a large contract with the State, which,
owing to the unforseen and extraordinary rise

1 if the paper market, they were compelled to
ask to have rescinded. In 1871 J. H. Menden-
hall became a partner: later Mr. Andrews re-
tired. In 1K77. C. Hills, V. T. Hills, F. A.
Hills and F. P. Hills, organized the Hills Pa-

per Company and operated the mill for five
years. F. P. Hills had charge of the business ;
Frank Hills had charge of the manufacturing
department. In 1872 they sold the business
and property to Edsall & Mills, who operated
it for a number of years. The property was
finally sold to the C. D. & M. Railway, who
converted the building into a power-house.

OIL ENTERPRISES.

In former times, when tlax was an im-
portant crop, a valuable part of it was lost
because the farmer had no facilities for ex-
tracting the oil from the seeds which this plant
produces in abundance. In 1835 Abel Moore
began the manufacture of oil. At first the pro-
cess was crude indeed. A large log with a
hole mortised in it was set upright, and in
this, bags containing the ground seed were
placed. Wedges were driven in at the sides
of the sacks, and in this way a pressure was
maintained until a large part of the oil was
extracted. A few years later, Robert Cun-
ningham purchased the business and introduced
a compound-lever press. Soon after that, in
order to increase his capital, he gave C. F.
Bradley an interest in the business in return
for the use of certain sums of money. In a
short time Mr. Bradley purchased his part-
ner's interest, associating Edward Pratt with
himself in the business. About a year later.
Alexander Kilbourn bought Pratt's interest,
and the business was removed from Franklin
Street to Central Avenue, east of the river,
where a hydraulic press and other water-
power machinery were used in equipping the
mill. In tlie winter of 1846. the dam washed
out. and because of the uncertain power which
the river afforded, they changed their location
and steam-power was introduced. The busi-
ness was enlarged and William Davis, Alex-
ander Kilbourn and |. A. Burnham became
members of the firm, which was known as Kil-
bourn, Davis & Company. A foundry was
added to the business in 1847. Several changes
were made in the firm within a few years, re-
sulting finally in simply replacing Mr. Davis
with John J. Burnham. Their building was

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

145

burned in 1850, but was immediately replaced.
In 1855 Mr. Kilbourn died and .Messrs. Finch
and Lamb were taken into the firm. In this
year the business was divided, the oil enterprise
being sold to Manley D. Covell and Edward
Pratt, who removed the business to where the
present stone structure stands. It changed
hands several times until [862, when it was
purchased by J. A. Barnes. He built a sti >ne
mill, three stories high. The first-story walls
are three feet thick, the second two and one-
half feet and the third two feet. This is now
' ccupied as a creamery by \Y. Z. Evans, at
the northwest corner of Lake and Winter
Streets. Barnes continued in business until
the growing of flax in this part of the a >un-
try was abandoned.

FOUNDRIES, ETC.

When Kilbourn, Davis &- Company started
a foundry as above mentioned, they fitted up
the building at the corner of Spring and San-
dusky Streets. For the first year or two stoves
were the only product: but Mr. J. A. Burnham
being a practical machinist, the firm decided,
in 1850, to engage in the manufacture of.
steam-engines. The first of these was made
fur Elijah Main's saw-mill. They also made
the engine used by J. A. Barnes in his stone
oil-mill. The business increased so rapidly
that by 1854 they erected the large stone build-
ing east of the river and beyond the railroad
tin William Street. In i860 the property was
purchased by J. C. Evans and Eugene Powell,
but the following year Powell sold out to his
partner and entered the army. For ten years
a large business was carried on. As many as
thirteen hundred plows were turned out here
in a single year, besides engines and other ma-
chinery. A revolving scraper, the invention
of die proprietor of the machine shops, was
manufactured quite extensively, as many as a
hundred a week being made. In 1873 ule
pn pert)' was sold to Smith. Wason & Car-
penter, car-builders of Cleveland and Chatta-
11 ■ " ga, lint on account of the panic, the plant
was closed up a year later, there being in-
sufficient business to keep it running.

Numerous other manufacturing enter-
prises have come upon the scene and passed
eft", either because of mismanagement or for
other reasons. Among these we may mention
a company that was formed to manufacture
wagons. For many years John McElroy had
been manufacturing wagons in a small way,
which, because of first-class materials and su-
perior workmanship, gained a big reputation.
Seeking to capitalize this reputation, a com-
pany was formed, but in their eagerness for
large and quick profits, lumber of inferior
quality and not properly seasoned and cheap
labor were employed, with the result that some-
time early in the '8o's. the enterprise failed,
after having sunk, it is said. $60,000. Halleck's
Glove Factory was another venture that was
started with great prospects about 1901, but
went under after sinking thousands of dollars.

The Delaware Fence Company was or-
ganized in 1868 by A. J. Richards, the in-
ventor of a fence, who secured for his partner
in the enterprise, Eugene Powell. In 1879
Cyrus Falconer succeeded to Richard's inter-
est in the business, and in the winter of that
year, the company secured control of Fritchy's
patent shifting-rail for buggies, J. F. Munz's
patent wrought-iron sulky for plowing, culti-
vating and harrowing, and an improved patent
harrow designed by the same inventor. These
articles were all Delaware inventions, and the
future looked bright to those who had em-
barked in the venture, but by 1883 the com-
pany had gotten into debt to the extent of
$8,000. and for want of proper management,
it was decided, in 1884, to wind up its affairs.

The Cook Motor Company is the out-
growth of a repair shop which was started in
1895 by Messrs. C. E. and F. E. Cook, and
located on the east side of Union Street, be-
tween William and Winter Streets. They
soon began experimenting on motors, and in
1 901. the present company was incorporated
under the laws of Ohio. The capital stock is
$50,000. and the following gentlemen were
the incorporators: W. C. Denison, J. F. Deni-
son, L. L. Denison. C. E. Cook and F. E. Cook.
When the present company was organized it
was the intention to manufacture automobiles.

146

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

but the increasing demand for stationary en-
gines led to a change in their plans. In 1903
they abandoned the idea of building auto-
mobiles, after having manufactured a sample
machine for the Columbus Buggy Company.
In the meantime, however, the company had
been experimenting with the stationary engine
designed by the Cooks. Up to that time, nn
data was available that showed the proper
principles on which to base the construction of
gasoline engines. Some of the more im-
portant features which were developed were
the connecting-rod. cushion-valve, enclosed
case and jump spark. In 1905, their engine
having reached such a degree of pertection
as to be considered thoroughly reliable and
practical, an additional $20,000 of treasury
stock was sold. At that time C. C. Stedman
became secretary and general manager. The
business has grown from an output of from
three to five horse-power per month to an aver-
age of 225 horse-power per month. The plant
is now located in a new brick building, 80 x 200
feet in dimensions, which stands on a six-acre
tract of land a short distance southwest of the
Hocking Valley Station. The plant is equip-
ped with the most modern machinery, and
employment is given to a force of about
twenty-eight men. The engines manufactured
here go to all parts of the world, and are sold
for every purpose where power is required.
The present officers and directors of the com-
pany are: W. C. Denison, president; H. \V.
Jewell, vice-president ; L. L. Denison, treas-
urere; C. C. Stedman, secretary and general
manager.

HAY-BAILERS.

The Square Deal Manufacturing Company
was incorporated in February, 1908. for the
manufacture of power hay-presses. The style
of press to be manufactured was designed and
invented by Luther Trebue. and embodies de-
sirable features not to be found in any other
hay-press. They are now erecting a fact' iry
on North Union Street, 52 x 90 feet in di-
mensions. This will lie equipped with modern
machinery. The Company has a paid-in capi-

tal of $25,000, all of which was furnished by
Delaware citizens. The officers of the com-
pany are: H. F. Owen, president: Joseph J.
Neville, vice-president; Ashton Conklin, secre-
tary and treasurer ; Luther Trebue, general
manager and superintendent.

STOVES.

The Sunray Stove Company was incor-
porated January 1. 1908, by the following gen-
tlemen, who now hold the office indicated after
their names: S. S. Blair, president; B. W.
Hough, vice-president; M. C. Russell, secre-
tary and treasurer; O. D. Hunt, manager; O.
G. Knoske. The capital stock of the com-
pany is $15,000. The company manufactures
gas ranges, heaters and furnaces. At present
fifteen people are employed, but the success
of the enterprise during the few months since
it was started, indicates that in the near future
it will require thirty people to make and handle
a large enough product to meet the demand.
The territory in Ohio is covered by two travel-
ling salesmen, and outside of the State the
product is handled by jobbers.

ARTIFICIAL ICE.

The Delaware Ice and Coal Company was
incorporated in 1898. It handled natural ice
until the summer of 1907. In April of that
year, a brick dwelling, formerly the old woolen
mill boarding-house, near the Armory on North
Union Street, was purchased and remodelled.
An ice plant with a capacity of eighteen tons
daily was installed. Twelve men find empli iy-
ment in the manufacture and delivery of ice.
The following gentlemen were the incorpora-
tors, and now hold the offices indicated : Wil-
lard Galleher, president; L. K. Galleber, vice-
president and secretary; F. P. Hills, treasurer;
B. F. Freshwater and R. E. Hills.

LIGHT, HEAT AXD POWER.

The Delaware Electric Light, Heat and
Power Company was incorporated March 4,
1890, by William S. Parks, Leopold H. Holz-

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

147

miller. Carey B. Paul, Jacob G. Rosenthal,

.Martin Miller. The first officers elected were:
C. B. Paul, president; J. ( i. Rosenthal, secre-
tary: M. Miller, treasurer. That same year a
brick power-plant was erected just east of
where the Big Four railroad crosses Smith
Sandusky Street. Since then an addition has
been built, making the present dimensions of
the plant about 140 by 80 feet. The present
equipment comprises horizontal reciprocating
engines of a total horse-power of 800, and a
battery of seven boilers with a total of 1,100
horse-power, and eight dynamos. In 1900 a
heating plant was installed to serve the citizens
of Delaware with hot-water heat. The same
j ear a franchise for the use of the streets was
secured. The company now has about two
miles of underground mains, and supplies heat
to about 185 customers, some of whom are
located a mile from the plant. The present
officers and directors of the company are: Dr.
A. J. Lyon, president; Adolph Frank, vice-
president; Martin Miller, treasurer; E. F.
Gwynn, manager; J. G. Rosenthal.

BROOMS.

Brooms have been manufactured in this
county for many years, mostly by blind men,
as at present. S. J. Wottring of Delaware,
who has been blind for about twenty years,
started to make brooms in 1898, and worked
along for about a year and a half. Since then
he has had help, some of the time two men be-
sides himself finding employment in his fac-
tory. At present he is making, with the aid
of W. Harris Siegfried, another blind man.
fifteen dozen brooms a week. The product is
marketed in Delaware and surrounding towns.
Other makers of brooms in the county at the
present time are James Kline, a blind man.
residing west of Ashley, near Water Hill, and
R. M. Perfect, a blind man, who lives a mile
and a half east of Sunbury. I. M. Freese of
Concord Township is also engaged in this
industry.

EVAPORATED GOODS.

The Benedict Evaporating Company, Dela-
ware Township, is the only industry of its kind

in the county. It was established by the pres-
ent owner, Griffith G. Benedict, in [876.
ginning in a small way with a home-made
dryer, by 1888 his business had increased to
such an extent as to warrant the erection oi 1
special building, which he equipped with the
mi 1st modern machinery. He now evaporates
from 25,000 to 50,000 pounds of sweet coin,
and as high as 2,000 bushels of apples during
the short season when the work can be carried
on, which is seldom more than two months.

CLAY PRODUCTS.

The Delaware Clay Manufacturing Com-
pany. In 1878 Wesley Denison and his son,
L. L. Denison, formed a partnership under the
firm name of Denison & Son, and erected what
is known as a summer factory, i. e., a factor}
where tile is dried in the air. This was located
in the northwestern part of the city of Dela-
ware, on the line of the Hocking Valley rail-
road. Here they made small drain tile up t' >
and including six inches in diameter, which
was sold to the farmers throughout the county.
At the end of three years they increased their
capacity so as to make tile up to and includ-
ing eight-inch. In 1884 W. C. Denison and
his brother L. L. Denison formed a partner-
ship and started a new factory at Mt. Gilead,
Ohio, under the firm name of Denison Broth-
ers, leaving their father to run the Delaware
plant. The Mt. Gilead plant was equipped so
as to use artificial means of drying the tile.
thus making it possible to operate all the year
round. Here they made tile up to and in-
cluding the 12-inch size, and gradually in-
creased the capacity until they were making
the 18-inch size. In 1890 all of the Denison
interests were consolidated, another brother.
J. F. Denison, entering into the business, and
a new plant was built in Delaware. The old
plant at Delaware was abandoned, and the
Mt. Gilead plant was sold. The new plant was
built at the old wagon-works on East William
Street, which were purchased by the new com-
pany. The first year the business was carried
on under the name of Denison Brothers, hut
in 1892 a corporation was formed under the

148

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

name of The Delaware Clay Manufacturing
Company. They began with twelve kilns, and
made drain tile up to and including the 24-mcn
size. At the time of incorporating, the com-
pany branched into a line of the business known
as fire-proofing, and made about fifty tons of
that per day for the next ten years, all the
time carrying on the manufacture of drain tile.
During the time thev were making the fire-
proofing, the company kept in close touch with
architects, and by them were asked to make
a standard-size brick weighing only three
pounds, the loss in weight being accomplished
by having two holes running through the brick.
These were known as hollow brick. At first
only a few were made to accommodate certain
architects, but their utility was quickly ap-
preciated, and gained in popularity so rapidly
that thev were soon in use in over a dozen
states. By 1901 the business had outgrown
the capacity of the plant, and the compam
purchased more clay land and built a new
plant about one-half a mile farther southeast
in Delaware township. This plant was es-
pecially adapted to the manufacture of these
hollow brick, it being their expectation to con-
tinue the manufacture of drain tile and fire-
proofing at the old plant on East William
Street. Just about the time the new plant was
read)' for operation, a trust was formed for the
manufacture of fire-proofing material, known
as The National Fire-Proofing Company. The
East William Street plant, including the fire-
proofing interests, were sold to this new com-
pam-. and in order to take care of their drain
tile business, the Denisons erected an addi-
tional plant in connection with their new brick
plant. Since that time they have run con-
tinuously, making an average of 1,500 car-
loads of hollow brick and dram tile per year.
They have a tract of eighty acres and furnish
employment to about seventy-five men. At the
time of the incorporation, L. L. Denison was
elected president of the company, Wesley Deni-
son became vice-president and W. C. Deni-
son and J. F. Denison were directors. About
three years later another brother, L. B. Deni-
son. became interested in the business in a
financial way. but has never given it his per-

sonal attention. He made the fifth director,
and no change was made in the organization
until the father, Wesley Denison, died, when
his place was taken cm the board by Mrs. L.
L. Denison. Mrs. Denison was succeeded by
her son, Charles W... when he became of
age.

By 1904 the business had grown to such
an extent that it became necessary to increase
the capacity of the plant. The Denisons in-
corporated another company under the title of
The Ohio Clay Company, having the same
directors and officials as the Delaware Com-
pany, and purchased a plant in Cleveland which
was in process of construction. After com-
pleting the plant, they operated it in the manu-
facture of hollow brick exclusively. Mr. W.
C. Denison moved to Cleveland when that plant
was opened, and has had charge of the plant
there ever since.

W. A. Fleming & Son operate a tile mill
in Oxford Township. We have been unable
to learn who established this mill. It was
owned at one time by John Hunt, who sold it
to Samuel Prince. He was here about seven
years when he sold the property to G. J. Hull.
Potter Brothers & Fleming purchased the mill
from him in September. 1904. Up to this
time the mill was operated by horse-power, but
the new firm installed a steam-engine and
presses and a new kiln, which has a capacity
of about $125 worth of tile at a burning.
About twenty kilns are burned annually.

George Standforth started a tile factory in
Berlin Township over a quarter of a century
ago. [t passed through the hands of different
owners until October 25, 1899. when W. Z.
Evans purchased the property from O. E.
Foster. Mr. Evans has not operated the mill
since 1906, but up to and including that year
he kept about half a dozen men at work there.
The Delaware Department of the National
Fircproofing Company occupies the old Deni-
son plant mi East William Street, which they
purchased in the spring of 1902. They keep
about fifty men employed there, and manu-
facture about 1,500 tons of terra cotta fire-
proofing a month, besides a large amount of
drain tile.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

149

In 1888 George T. Wolfley and his son
H. W. Wolfley formed a partnership under die
firm name of Wolfley & Sun, and erected a
tile factory in Radnor, a short distance east of
the railroad. Thomas W. Disbennett pur-
chased the Wolfley Tile Mill in 1904, and has
developed a large business. His plant is
equipped for the manufacture of all kinds of
drain tile from three tu eighteen inches in
diameter.

Benton Brothers Tile Factor}', Scioto
Township, near Ostrander, was established
here in 1895, in which year Mr. Benton also
established a saw-mill. The business was
started on the home farm in the fall of [884
by 1. R. Benton, but it was moved to its
persent location in the year above named.
Here he not only has excellent shipping fa-
cilities over the Big Four Railroad, but he
has a very superior grade of clay, which en-
ables him to make a drain-tile especially
adapted to the requirements of the railroads,
which consume all he can produce. At present
about 25,000 rods of tile are made annually.

The Galena Clay Products Company was
incorporated in the spring of 1907. by the
following gentlemen, who hold the offices
indicated: W. C. Roberts, president; J. J.
Adams, vice-president ; James Rose, secretary ;
E. B. Cole, manager ; E. C. Bennett. They
manufacture tile, having one kiln with a ca-
pacity of about $200 worth of tile at a burn-
ing. They have about four acres of clay
land and employ from six to eight people.

CIGARS.

The manufacture of cigars in Delaware is
an industry that has developed to some im-
portance. In the early '50's. Charles Wottring
began the manufacture of cigars in a small
way, and continued until just after the Civil
War. So far as we have been able to learn.
he was the pioneer cigar-make-- in this county.

Riddle. Graff & Company. This is the
oldest firm of cigar manufacturers in the
count v. Mr. Christian Riddle learned his trade
with Charles Wottring, and in [866, he formed
a partnership with John Liebienderfer and

Jacob Bolinger, under the firm name of
Liebienderfer, Bolinger & Company. This
firm purchased Charles Wottring's business.
The following year Mr. Riddle withdrew from
the firm. The business was continued with
various changes in the personnel of the firm
until sometime in the early '8o's, when it was
assigned to Charles Wottring, who closed it
out. In 1867. when Christian Riddle with-
drew from the firm just mentioned, he started
in the manufacture of cigars, doing a small
wholesale and retail business. The first thou-
sand cigars he shipped out of the city went to
a man in Galion, Ohio, who never paid for
them. In the early '70's George L. Graff be-
came a partner, and the firm name of Riddle
& Graff was adopted. LeRoy W. Battenfield
became a partner in 1K74. and the firm name
was changed to Riddle, Graff & Company.
Mr. Graff retired from the firm in the early
'90's. Their present three-story factory at
No. 10 North Sandusky Street was erected in
1878. From 120 to 150 cigar-makers are em-
ployed in this business, to whom are paid be-
tween $35,000 and $40,000 annually in wages.
From six to eight millions of cigars are made
annually. This means the consumption of
about $75,000 worth of tobacco leaf, and the
payment of from $17,000 to $18,000 in reve-
nue tax. Five travelling salesmen are em-
ployed in marketing this product, which is sold
principally in Ohio, Indiana, part of Michi- *
gan, Illinois and western New York, as well
as in a few towns in Pennsylvania. The ex-
pense for outgoing prepaid express charges
is about $2,500 annually.

J. Hessnauer & Company. In 1880 Fred-
erick Pfiffner and Jacob Hessnauer established
a cigar factory under the name of Pfiffner &
Hessnauer. The}" employed five or six people.
At the end of five years. Mr. Hessnauer be-
came sole proprietor of the business, which he
carried on in his own name until 1902. when
his son, Frank M. Hessnauer. became a part-
ner, and the firm name of J. Hessnauer &
Company was adopted. Their principal brand
is a five-cent cigar called the "Commercial;"
they also make a high-grade ten-cent cigar
called "Lynette." About twenty-five people

ISO

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

find employment in the manufacture of these
cigars, which are sold principally in Ohio.

The Delaware Co-Operative Cigar Com-
pany, which is no longer in existence, did quite
an extensive business in its palmy days. The
company was incorporated in July, 1884, and
the following gentlemen were its first officers :
Charles Smith, president; Henry Bayerlein,
vice-president ; Charles Pfister, secretary and
nanager ; P. Pfister. treasurer. At one time
the business gave employment to about a dozen
cigarmakers.

Grasser & Haas. In 1886 John P. Grasser
became a stockholder in the Delaware Co-
Operative Cigar Company, and continued in
its employ until 1893, when he formed a part-
nership with A. Dauernheim, under the firm
name of Dauernheim & Grasser which pur-
chased the business. This partnership con-
tinued until 1896, when Mr. Grasser purchased
his partner's interest, and ran the business
alone until a year later. Then W. E. Haas,
who is now Mayor of Delaware, became a
partner, and the firm name was changed to
Grasser & Haas. About 400.000 cigars are
manufactured annually, giving employment
to eight or nine people including the mem-
bers of the firm. Their leading brands of five-
cent cigars are "Henry Gray" and "The Rip-
per;" "Tom Watts" is the name of their ten-
cent cigar. These cigars are sold principally
in Ohio.

William Hanitsch started in 1895 to make
cigars on his own account. He keeps two or
three hands busy, and makes about 200,000
cigars yearly. His brands are "The Best
Handmade" and "Anchor."

Wells Brothers started in the business of
making cigars in July. 1904. Three people,
including one member of the firm, are em-
ployed in this factory, which turns out about
100,000 cigars a year. These are sold prin-
cipally in Delaware. "Standard" is their
leading brand.

Charles M. Ulrey is the only cigar-box
manufacturer in the county. This business
was established in the early '80' s by John
Bradbeer, who carried it on until 180=;, when
Mr. Ulrev purchased it. About five hundred

cigar boxes are made daily, giving employ-
ment to six or seven men. These boxes are
marketed largely in Delaware County, al-
though Mr. Ulrey has customers all over the
State.

CREAMERIES.

The Sunbury Co-Operative Creamery
Company was organized during the winter of
1892, and was chartered on January 28th of
that year, with a capital stock of $6,000 paid
in. There were originally forty-three stock-
holders. The first Board of Directors was as
follows : L. James Wilson, president ; Milton
Utley, vice-president; John Landon, William
D. Miller, James Cockrell, Roswel Edwards
and E. D. Palmer. J. H. Kimball, secretary
and general manager; O. H. Kimball, treas-
urer. In addition to those who served as of-
ficers, the following appear on the charter as
incorporators: Jasper Boyd, Thomas Andrews,
W. P. Roberts and Kimball Sedgwick. After
sixteen years' continuous service on the part
of Messrs. Wilson, Landon. Miller, Boyd and
Cockrell without compensation as officers, the
Board of Directors for 1908 is as follows: L.
James Wilson, president: William D. Miller,
vice president: John Landon, Sam L. Rose-
crans. Jasper Boyd, Edwin Phillips. James
Cockrell. Kimball Sedgwick, secretary and
general manager; Charles O. Armstrong,
treasurer. This company is one of the most
successful in the State of Ohio. It was estab-
lished by farmers for farmers. The company
acts merely as agent. The farmer delivers the
milk to the creamery, and receives the net
pn iceeds of the business after deducting the
actual running expenses, including a "royalty
or rental" (which goes to the shareholders) of
five cents per hundred pounds on all milk re-
ceived. The creamery began receiving milk
May 2. 1892, taking in on that day 2.298
pounds. Milk, cream and all the products of
the same, or of which these are an ingredient,
and their by-products are handled and manu-
factured. The reputation of the creamery,
however, has been established on the merit of
its butter. From a small beginning, the terri-

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

151

tory from which the company draws its raw
material lias spread over the entire eastern half
of Delaware County and into Morrow. Lick-
ing and Franklin Counties. From a total of
$8,965.3) in 1892, the business has grown to
$223,549.01 in 1907. and there is every
prospect that it will reach the quarter million
mark in 1908. The company has continually
expended its surplus capital in extension and
improvements, and today possesses one of the
finest brick buildings in Delaware County.
equipped with the most modern machinery and
every facility for handling its materials and
pn ducts in the most sanitary manner.

The Delaware Creamery Company at the
northwest corner of Lake and Winter Streets.
\\ is established in 1901 by W. Z. Evans. But-
ter and condensed milk are the products manu-
factured, this being the only condensing plant
in the county. A business amounting to $75,-
coo was done in 1907. giving employment to
from twelve to fifteen people.

The Ashley Co-Operative Creamery Com-
pany was incorporated in May, 1892. Benja-
min Stitler was president and Chesley Worn-
staff was treasurer of the company. The farm-
ers could not be interested sufficiently to fur-
nish milk enough to carry on the business
profitably, so in October. 1895, the enterprise
was abandoned.

LIME AND STONE.

The Scioto Lime and Stone Company is
one of the flourishing and growing industries
of Delaware County. The plant is located in
Scioto Township on the east side of the river
near the northern boundary of Concord Town-
ship. A spur runs from the plant to the Big
Four Railroad. The company has the only
hydrating lime machine in this part of the
State. It has a capacity of 1.000 barrels of
lime per day. and employs forty to fifty men
in the busy season. Besides doing a large
local business, the company ships extensively
to eastern and southern states. H. E. Kendrick
is the manager of the plant, having his office
on North Sanduskv Street. Delaware.

The White Sulphur Stone Company of
Scioto Township was established m [904 by
Oliver Perry Bird and James Richey, under
the firm name of Bird & Richey. At first they
operated two stone quarries in Concord Town-
ship, but in 1906, Mr. Christian was admitted
to the firm, and at that time they acquired
eight acres of quarry land where they are now-
located a little west of White Sulphur station
on the Big Four Railroad. They employ abou
twenty-five men, and do a large business in
crushed stone, and also have contracts for till-
ing about twenty miles of count}- turnpikes.

In Berkshire, Trenton, Harlem and Genoa
Townships are to be found quarries of fine
building stone, those of Berkshire and Tren-
ton being of superior quality. On account of
the poor facilities for shipping, these quarries
have never been worked extensively. The first
quarry in Trenton Township was opened at an
early day by a Mr. Allison. Upwards oi thirty
years ago a large quarry was opened on the
Landon farm on Big Walnut Creek. Williams
& Knox opened another large quarry years
ago. Many others were opened in different
parts of the township, but largely for the per-
sonal use of the proprietors. The Sunbury
Stone Company was incorporated in n>oj by
Columbus capitalists, although some citizens
of Sunbury have stock in the enterprise. They
are working what is known as the Bunyan
quarry, adjoining the Landon quarries.

Frank L. Campbell has a 12-acre blue lime-
stone quarry on West William Street. This
was opened originally by William Little, whose
name figures prominently in the early history
of Delaware. From him the quarry passed to
George W. Campbell. After running the
quarry for a long time, he sold to George Lit-
tle, a son of William Little, and from him it
passed to Frank Little Campbell, who is a
grandson of the original proprietor, in 18c A
Mi - . Campbell employs about thirty-five men,
and gets out about a thousand carloads of
building stone annually, and as a by-product,
between 600 and 700 carloads of crushed st"iu*
per year. The fine quality of this stone is in-
dicated by the fact that Mr. Campbell saws it

152

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

into blocks. It is marketed mostly in Colum-
bus, although it is shipped all over the State.

Wain Hazeltnn has about two and one-
half acres of land situated in Delaware north-
west of the Hocking Valley station. Here he
has operated a stone quarry for about thirteen
years. During the busy season he employs
from forty to ioo men in his business. He
contracts for turnpikes and city streets, and
so far as is known, the first complaint has yet
to be made regarding the quality of his work.

GAS MANUFACTURE.

Before success was finally achieved, sev-
eral attempts were made by different parties
to establish a plant for the manufacture of gas
in Delaware. As early as 1856, Harvey P.
Piatt made a proposal to the Council and they
granted him the use of the city streets, re-
stricting the price of gas to the Corporation to
$3 per thousand cubic feet, and the price to
citizens to $4. In the latter part of the suc-
ceeding year. Piatt having failed to fulfill his
part of the contract, Israel I. Richardson and
J. C. Evans were granted like privileges for
the same purpose, the price of gas being made
to city and citizens alike at $4. These gentle-
men were given until i860 in which to com-
plete their project, but they, too, failed, and
the rights granted were revoked. During [859,
however, The Delaware Gas Light and Coal
Oil Company was organized by William Stev-
enson, Joseph Atkinson. Jacob Riblet and oth-
ers. These gentlemen were from Mansfield,
Galion and elsewhere, and were granted the
usual privileges on April 21, [860, the price of
gas being fixed at $2 per thousand feet to the
city, and $3 to private consumers. The fol-
lowing men were the first officers of the com-
pany: Jacob Rihlet. president; A. S. Caton,
secretary; J. Atkinson, superintendent, and
Charles Wottring, treasurer. They at once
^ct about erecting their works on Estella
Street. The first pipes put down were of wo. id.
but in 1870, these were replaced by iron pipes,
and the whole establishment enlarged. A new
purifying house was built, a gasometer with a

capacity of 18,000 feet replaced the old one.
and a new bench of five retorts added, making
an effective force of eleven retorts. The com-
pany continued to extend its distributing sys-
tem, and in 1888. built a gas-holder with a ca-
pacity of 36,000 feet. The following year a
new office building was erected on Estella
Street at a cost of about $2,000. As the de-
mand increased, the capacity of the plant was
enlarged until it was 100,000 feet per day. On
January 15, 1894, the name was changed to
the Delaware Gas Company by an amendment
to the charter, and in July, 1902. the charter
was again amended so as to permit the com-
pany to distribute natural gas. This was the
seci md gas company in the United States to
make a change from the manufacture of arti-
ficial gas to distributing natural gas. The
change involved great expense, but was made
without inconveniencing the consumers in any
way. The company owns one of the finest dis-
tributing plants in the State of Ohio. It com-
prises nine regulators and twenty-four miles
of mains. It has 1.500 meters in use. and
sells gas to the city and citizens at a net price
of 2j cents per thousand cubic feet. The capi-
tal stock of the company is now $120,000.
Judge T. C. Jones was elected president of the
company in 1877. and served until August,
1892, when he was succeeded by Chauncy
Hills. Mr. Hills held the office at the time of
his death, February 8, 1901. and was suc-
ceeded by Captain V. T. Hills, who served un-
til January, 1904. Captain Archibald Lybrand
was then elected to the position and served a
year. Air. T. C. Jones, who is now president
and manager, was elected to the office in
January, 1905. Mr. C. M. Converse became
secretary and manager of the company in 1877.
and was followed in 1888 by J. M. Armstrong.
In December. 1891, he was succeeded by T. C.
Jones, who held the office until be became presi-
dent, and was succeeded by John L. Shaub,
who is now secretary of the company. In
1902, the office building above referred to was
converted into a workshop, and the offices of
the company were removed to their present lo-
cation on West Winter Street.

CHAPTER. VIII.

BANKS AND BANKING.

A History of the Bunks of Delaware County — Past and Present.

The citizens of Delaware County have been
mi >st fortunate in having the banking business
of the community in the hands of men who
have proven themselves not only honorable,
but capable and conservative financiers. They
have safely piloted the banks of this county
through all the panics and financial storms
which have periodically swept over the coun-
try, so that the history of banking in Delaware
G unty has yet to record its first failure. In
making this statement, we except, of course,
the first attempt at banking which from the
following account of its brief career, seem-, at
this late date like a joke, while it illustrates the
loose business methods of those early times.
X' ' nne but the founders of this bank suffered
by its untimely collapse, and their anguish.
probably was largely mental.

The first bank in Delaware was organized
about 1S1 7, and was called the Bank of Dela-
ware. It was a bank of issue. William Lit-
tle was the principal stockholder; Moses Bvxhe.
Sr., was president, and Leonard H. Cowles
was cashier. Mr. Cowles, who was a son-in-
law of Moses Byxbe. Sr., was one of the earli-
est resident lawyers of Delaware, a graduate of
Yale and a classmate of John C. Calhoun. The
bank was opened in a building which stood on
the northeast corner of Sandusky and William
Streets, where the transfer station of the Co-
lumbus. Delaware & Marion Railway now is.

After the bank had been in business a few-
days. Mr. Little concluded to examine its con-
dition and assets. He went to the bank and
asked the cashier what his success was, and re-
ceiving a favorable answer, asked the cashier
10

if he was loaning any money. "Oh, ves !" said
the cashier, "Lots of it." Mr. LJttle then re-
quested to see the notes. "Oh!" replied the
cashier, "I didn't take any notes; I just charged
the loans up on the books." Mr. Little, be-
coming suspicious that the institution was be-
ing run rather loosely, stepped into the back
room, where he found the bills of the bank
piled up on a table. He gathered them all up,
wrapped them in a paper, put the bundle under
his arm, and going into the front room, said
to the cashier. "You may lock the door; this
bank is broke." We commend that method of
winding up the affairs of a bank without the
vexatious delays of a resort to receivers and
courts.

One of the bills iff the bank, in some
miraculous way, weathered the storms of pio-
neer days, and was found under the floor of
the old Court House when it was torn down.
It is now in the possession of Hon. John D.
Van Deman, and through his courtesy we are
able to show the accompanying photographic
reproduction of this most interesting relic.

The Delaware National Bank. The
following history of this bank, including the
banks that preceded it. is given substantially
as it was written by Mr. Sidney Moore, shortly
before his death. The necessarv data has been
added to make the chronicle complete to the
present time. On February 14, 1845. tne Gen-
eral Assembly passed an Act entitled, "An Act
to Incorporate the State Bank of Ohio and
other Banking Companies." Under the pro-
visions of this Act, a Board of Bank Commis-
sioners, consisting of Hon. Gustavus Swan

154

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

and others, met on March 18th, and organized
a Board of Control, electing Mr. Swan as presi-
dent, and Joseph Olds as secretary. On June
14. 1845. thirty-three persons organized the
Delaware County branch of the State Bank oi
Ohio, with a capital stock of $100,000. At
subsequent meetings of the Board of Control,
to and including June 19, 1845. applications
to establish branch banks at seven cities and
t> wns were bled. Among those making ap-
plication, the one from Delaware was accepted
by the Board of Control, and the Delaware
County Branch of the State Bank of Ohio
commenced business on October 12, 1845. At
a meeting of the stockholders, Hon. Hosea
Williams, William Little, B. Powers. W. D.
Heim and C. Howard were elected directors
Judge Williams was elected president, and B.
Powers, cashier. Sidney Mm ire. Jr., was ap-
pointed teller and bookkeeper. Judge Wil-
liams was president of the bank until the ex-
piration of its charter in 1865. Mr. Powers
served as director and cashier until 1855, when
he resigned as cashier, and was succeeded by
Sidney Moore, who filled the position until
the expiration of the charter.

The Delaware County National Bank
was organized under the Act of Congress, en-
titled, "An Act to Provide a National Cur-
rency," etc.. which was approved June 3. 1864.
Articles of association for organizing this bank
were signed January <>, 18(15, and an election
of directors was held on the 10th of the same
month. Hon. Hosea Williams, B. Powers. W.
1). Heim, 11. G. Andrews and Sidney Moore
were elected. Judge Williams became presi-
dent, and Sidney Moore was appointed cash-
ier. March 1, [865, Hon. Hugh McCullough,
comptroller of the currency, issued his Certifi-
cate of Authority to commence the business of
banding, and on March 8th; the business of
the old bank was transferred and assigned to
the new organization. The charter -ranted at
this time expired January 7, 1885, and was
then renewed or extended for twenty years.
The original Board of Directors served until
18(17. when Mr. Andrew^ resigned, and John
R. Milliard was appointed in his place. The
board as thus (.instituted continued until Jan-

uary 9, 1872, when John Wolfley succeeded
Mr. Hilliard. No further change occurred in
the personnel of the board until February 18,
1876, when Chauncy Hills was appointed to
the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Wil-
liams on February 12th. On July 28, 1876,
Hon. T. C. Jones became a director in place
of B. Powers, resigned. On June 13, 1880,
the same board was elected, except that V. T.
Hills succeeded John Wolfley as a director.
This board served until 1883. From that time
until 1885, Messrs. C. Hills, T. C. Jones, V.
T. Hills, Sidney Moore and Rev. John W.
White composed the Board of Directors. Mr.
White resigned in 1886, and W. Little took
his place. No further change was made in the
membership until the death of Hon. T. C.
Jones, August 13, 1892. A. H. Jones was
elected to the vacancy August 22, 1892, and
no other change occurred in the board until
September. 1900. when W. Little resigned.
At this time E. I. Pollock was appointed cash-
ier of the bank. In 1901, Messrs. C. Hills,
V. T. Hills, A. H. Tones, Sidney Moore and
H. J. McCullough were elected as directors.
Mr. C. Hills died February 8, 1901, and on
the nth of March following, L. L. Denison
was appointed in his stead. The death of Mr.
McCullough. June 2j, 1903, made the next
change in the board, and E. I. Pollock was ap-
pointed as his successor, on August 17th. The
Board of Directors as thus constituted was re-
elected January 12, 1904. The charter of this
bank expired on January 6, 1905. and at that
time it went into liquidation.

The Delaware National Bank began
business on January 7, 1905. The application
for a charter for this bank was made Novem-
ber 7, 1904, and was signed by Sidney Moore,
V. T. Hills, L. L. Denison, A. H. Jones and
E. I. Pollock. The charter was dated Decem-
ber 7. 1904. and an election was held on the
10th of the following month, at which time
the number of directors was increased from
five to seven, and the following board was
elected: Sidney Moore. V. T. Hills, L. L.
Denison, E. I. Pollock, Lewis Slack. T. J.
Griffin and J. L. Anderson. The board con-
tinued without change until the death of Mr.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

155

Moore on May 27, 1907. the vacancy thus
created being filled by T. M. Thompson, who
was elected on June 10. 1907. The present of-
ficers of the bank are: V. T. Hills, president;
L. L. Denison, vice-president, and E. I. Pol-
It ick, cashier.

The bank occupies a fine two-story build-
ing at 34 North Sandusky Street. This lot
was deeded to the bank on February 13, 1868,
by John R. Milliard, the consideration being
$3,250. On the 17th of the following May.
the president and cashier were appointed a
ci immittee to make all arrangements for the
erection of a building suitable for the busi-
ness. In 1886, the building was remodeled, in-
cluding the erection of a new front, and at that
time was entirely refurnished. In 1905. the
building was again remodeled, a new addition
built to the rear of the building, and the old
vault replaced with one thoroughly up-to-date
in every respect. When this bank opened in
1905. it made a new departure, in starting a
savings department. The following statement
of the affairs of this institution dated February
29, 1908, may be of interest:

RESOURCES.

Loans and Discounts $440,256.16

United States and other Bonds 227.700.31

Real Estate, Furniture and Fixtures 22,500.00

Due from Banks and U. S. Treasurer 72,003.30

Cash 43.879.99

Total $806,33976

LIABILITIES.

Capital Stock $150,000.00

Surplus and Profits 36,955.87

Circulation 98,700.00

Due to Banks 948.25

Deposits 472,735.64

Bond Account 47,000.00

Total $8o6,339v6

The following is the list of officers and
their terms of service: Presidents, Hon.
Hosea Williams, January 13, 1865, until his
death, February 12, 1876: William D. Heim.
February 14. 1876, until his death. January 8
[883; Sidney Moore, January 8. 1883. until

his death. May 27. 1907. He was succeeded
by V. T. Hills, who is now president. Vice-
presidents, Chauncy Hills, January 9, 1877, to
February 8, 1901 ; V. T. Hills, January 13,
1892, until his election as president on June
10, 1907: L. L. Denison, who now holds the
office, became vice-president on last named
date. Cashiers, Sidney Moore. January 13,
1865. to January 9, 1883; William Little,
January 8, 1883. to September 1, 1900, when
he was succeeded by the present cashier, E. I.
Pollock.

The First National Bank. While this
is not the oldest bank in Delaware, it was the
first national bank established in this city un-
der the "Act of Congress to Provide a Na-
tional Currency, etc." The present institution
is built, as it were, upon the foundation of The
Bank of Delaware, which was organized Au-
gust 3, 1857. under the provisions of the law
fi ir incorporating State banks. The original
stockholders were: Hon. H. Williams, B.
Powers, P. D. Hillyer, Sidney Moore, Jr., C.

A. Powers and W. E. Moore. These men.
with the exception of W. E. Moore, constituted
the Board of Directors. On August 10, 1857,
Mr. Hillyer was elected president and C. A.
Powers, cashier. The bank opened for business
in what is now the Hotel Donavin block on
North Sandusky Street. At that time the first
floor was reached by a short flight of steps
from the sidewalk. The application for the
charter of the First National Bank was signed
by seventeen persons. The charter was granted
on February 2T,, 1864. Hon. Hosea Williams,

B. Powers. H. G. Andrews, Isaac Day and Sid-
ney Moore, Jr., composed the first Board of
Directors. On January 16, 1864. the First
National Bank took over the business of the
Bank of Delaware, and on January 18th, B.
Powers was elected president and W. E.
Moore, cashier. J. E. Gould became cashier
nil February 15, 1876, and on January 8. 1884,
he was succeeded by G. W. Powers. B. Pow-
ers resigned as president on February 16, 1880,
and C. B. Paul was elected to fill the vacancy.
Mr. Paul continued to serve as president un-
til his death. January 11. 1901. and on January
17th. Hon. J. D. Van Deman. who is now

156

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

president, was elected to the office. The other
officers of the bank at the present time are:
M. Miller, vice-president; G. W. Powers,
cashier; R. B. Powers, assistant cashier. The
present -Board of Directors is composed of the
following gentlemen: Hon. J. D. Van De-
man, M. Miller, G. W. Powers, H. W. Jewell.
VV. M. Miller and L. W. Battenfield. Of the
seventeen men who applied for the original
charter of this hank, only three are now liv-
ing— V. T. Hills. M. Miller and W. E. Moore.

The lot at 26 North Sandusky Street, on
which the bank is now located, was purchased
in 1865 for $1,700, and the building was
erected in that year. The bank began business
in their new building on January I, 1866. The
building was remodeled in 1883, and plans
have been made for the erection of an addi-
tion to the rear of the building this year, and
a large vault embodying the latest improve-
ments will also be built at the same time.

The following statement shows the assets
and liabilities of the bank on February 24,
1908:

ASSETS.

Loan? and Bonds $3.35,645.86

United States Bonds 100,000.00

Real Estate, etc 12,500.00

Cash and Exchange 112,856.35

Due from U. S. Treasurer 3,000.00

Total $564,002.21

LIABILITIES.

Capital Stock $100000.00

Surplus and Profits 23,494.50

Circulation 100,000.00

Deposits 340,50771

Total $564,002.21

This bank has been justly distinguished
for its conservative management. It has never
parsed its dividend, and in all the financial
panics which have disturbed the country it has
never failed to meet, on demand, all claims
up n it. Depositors have felt that their money
was as safe in the keeping of this bank a-- it
would lie in the vaults of the government.

The Deposit Banking Company. In,

[867, as a result of the efforts of Henry A.
Welch, a co-partnership was formed fur con-
ducting a banking business in Delaware, un-
der the name of the Deposit Banking Com-
pany. The following men were members of
the company : H. W. Pumphrey, William G.
Williams. H. M. Carper, Hon. John D. Van
Deman, E. R. Thompson, William Warren,
Sr., Archibald Lybrand, John Brundige, S. P.
Shur, J. J. Shur and Henry A. Welch. The
bank opened for business in December. 1S69.
The business was continued as a co-partner-
ship until May 14, 1890. when it was incor-
porated under the State Banking Law. The
following are the names of the incorporators:
S. P. Shur, Prof. W. G. Williams. H. A.
Welch, R. G. Lybrand and Samuel Lybrand.
At the first election after the incorporation, the
following officers were elected: S. P. Shur.
president; H. A. Welch, vice-president; N. P.
Ferguson, cashier; R. R. Welch, assistant
cashier. The following named gentlemen have
filled the various offices of the bank down to
the present time: Presidents. H. W. Pum-
phrey, John Mendenhall. Archibald Lybrand
and S. P. Shur, who now fills the office. Cash-
iers, H. A. Welch until 1896; X. P. Ferguson,
Fred T. Jones, and from 1898 to April 1, 1908,
R. M. Avery was cashier. The latter was suc-
ceeded by A. S. Conklin. H. W. Jones is the
present assistant cashier. The present board
of Directors comprises the following gentle-
men : S. P. Shur, president ; Christian Riddle,
vice-president; R. M. Avery, cashier; R. G.
Lybrand, E. J. Healy, W. M. Heseltine and A.
S. Conklin. Since its incorporation, the bank
has been paying interest on time deposits. The
bank has a capital, $50,000; surplus and un-
divided profits, $37,300; deposits, $414.0 o;
cash and due from banks, $138,700; loans.
$316,400; Delaware County and City bonds,
$32,858.

The Delaware Savings Bank Company
which is the oldest savings bank in the county.
is patterned after The Fremont Savings Hank.
in which President Hayes was largely inter-
ested. He recommended something of the kind
for his native city, and with this in view, the
following gentlemen. Chauncy Hills. H. J.

, - ,i

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/-• M.

■

THREE DOLLAR BILL

(Issued by the Bank of Delaware in 1818)

THE OLD BARNES HOMESTEAD

(Now the Residence of Prof. W. W. Davies. Delaware)

RESIDENCE OF V. T. HILLS, DELAWARE

MAM (NIC TEM PLE. \SIII.HY

UK, II SCH( >( )L. AS

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

'59

McCullough, V. D. Stayman and J. L. Wolfley.
incorporated The Delaware Savings Bank
Company, on February 19, 1890.

The bank opened for business on July 27,
1891. with the following directors and officers:
C. Hills, H. ]. McCullough, John Powell, B.
W. Brown, F. P. Hills, H. M. Perkins. J. H,
Grove, Charles Brundige and R. K. Willis. H.
M. Perkins, president; B. W. Brown, vice-
president ; C. O. Little, cashier. A new field
seemed to have been opened up. and the bank
immdiately started on a prosperous career.
The opportunity to make large or small cle-
posits that could be withdrawn at any time,
was immediately taken advantage of by a great
number of Delaware County's thrifty people.
Many of the thousands of accounts which have
been opened with the bank are in the names of
children, some of whom, today, have reached
the age when they can realize what foresight
their parents displayed years ago.

This bank has paid to its depositors over
$130,000 in interest since its organization, and
its deposits have steadily grown, until now
they are larger than the deposits of any bank
in the county. The present officers and direc-
tors of the bank are: Dr. A. J. Lyon, presi-
lent ; Prof. C. B. Austin, vice-president ; F. P.
Hills, cashier since January 1. 1892; W. H.
Bodurtha, assistant cashier. Besides the presi-
dent, vice-president and cashier, the following
men are members of the Board of Directors:
Charles Brundige. Hon. B. F. Freshwater,
Colonel J. Al. Crawford, \Y. Shawaker, T. C.
Jones and J. E. McCullough. The following
is the statement of the bank's assets and liabili-
ties on February 29, 1908:

RESOURCES.

Loans and Discounts $44 r .770.l9

Bonds 98,127.25

Cash 32,50933

Due from Banks 75.697-lS

Furniture. Fixtures anil Real Estate 4.450.00

Total $652.553-95

LIABILITIES.

Capital Stock $50,000.00

Surplus and Profits 34./OS-l6

1 >epi isits 567.84879

Total $652,553-95

The Farmers Bank. Sunbury, Ohio. This
bank was organized in October. 1S72, with a
capital of $50,000. The original stockholders
were E. Kimball, John Hall, Alanson Knox,
George Armstrong, George Grist, E. R.
Thompson, O. D. Hough and B. Moore. The
first officers were : Elias Kimball, president :
W. A. Thompson, cashier. The directors were
Elias Kimball, E. R. Thompson. Alanson
Knox, O. D. Hough and B. Moore. Mr.
Kimball died soon after the organization of
the bank, and was succeeded in the presidency
by Mr. Moore. In 1875, Mr. O. H. Kimball
became cashier. We have been unable to se-
cure a connected history of the bank since the
last named date, or a statement of its financial
condition for publication. The following gen-
tlemen are the present officers : John Landon,
president ; J. J. Stark, vice-president. These
gentlemen, with C. W. Parton and G. J. Burr,
are the directors. Owen A. Kimball is cashier.

The Bank of Ashley was established in
1884, and is owned by the private banking firm
of Sperry & Wornstaff. It has resources of
$150,000. Both members of the firm are men
of wealth. Mr. Sperry devotes his entire time
to the banking business, while Mr. Worn-
staff's time is occupied in looking after his
large farming interests.

The Farmers Savings Bank Company,
of Ashley, is a State bank, incorporated Au-
gust 26, 1904. It was opened for business on
February 9, 1905. It has a capital stock of
$25,000, and on August 7. 1907, its deposit-
were $128,943.56. The following gentlemen
are the officers of the bank : President. W.
Slack; vice-president, T. J. Cole: cashier. F. E.
Whipple; assistant cashier. F. ]. Rilev. Direc-
tors: W. Slack, I. F. Wilt. II. I',. Blair, T. 1.
Cole. B. F. McMaster, Isaac Clark. R. D. Mc-
Gonigle.

The Bank of Galena Company, of
Galena, was incorporated in January, 1902. Its
capital stock is $50,000, and its cash capital
paid in is $25,000. The following are the di-
rectors and officers of the hank: William D.
Miller, president; John II. Dustin, vice-presi-
dent; J. J. Adams, cashier; George W. Bright,

i6o

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Charles Horton, Edward Hall and W. F. Ben-
nett.

The Ostrander Banking Company, of
Ostrander, Ohio, was organized in March,
1903, under the hanking laws of Ohio. W. H.
Carr is president, and William Harris is cash-
ier. The directors are W. H. Carr, J. C.
Maugans, Marion Kirkland, H. W. Ritten-
house and J. I. Adamson. The resources of
the bank amount to $141,000. Since its or-
ganization, the bank has had a healthy growth
and gives substantial promise for the future.

Building and Loan Association. As far
as the records show, the first association incor-
porated in Ohio was "The Delaware Building
Association" of Delaware. The articles of in-
corporation were filed with the secretary of the
State on February 20, 1867. There were few
such institutions in the State at that time, and
these were modeled on the German plan. Build-
ing and Loan Associations soon became very
popular in the cities of Ohio. The original
idea was to furnish cheap money, on long
time, to poor people, thus enabling them to
purchase or to build homes, or to pay off in-
debtedness on homes already acquired. Hun-
dreds of people in Delaware have reason to
bless these beneficent institutions. Nothing
ever gave a greater stimulus to the building
of homes in our city than the old Delaware
Building Association.

The plan on which the association was
based has been brought to the attention of
Hon. J. D. Van Deman by a citizen of Day-
ton. He studied the plan, and with the aid
of Mr. C. E. Hills, who was always a leader in
all public enterprises, a Building Association
in Delaware was started. A charter was ob-
tained, as already started, and Messrs. Van
Deman and Hills canvassed the city fur stock
subscriptions. It is said that during this time.
there was more figuring in interest and weekly
payments, and calculating when the association
would probably pay out than was ever seen
before; the fences about town were covered
with figures. The full amount of stock was
soon subscribed, ami the association opened its
doors with Hon. John D. Van Deman as
president, and John J. Glover, now in the De-

partment nf Justice, at Washington, as secre-
tary.

The money was put up at auction, and
loaned to the bidder offering to pay the highest
premium above the rate of interest. The as-
sociation was successful from the beginning,
and being on the terminal plan, it paid out
in a little over seven years. Many a family
had a home through this institution who would
always have been homeless were it not for its
methods.

When the association expired by limitation.
all the stockholders met in Templer Hall; the
president cancelled all the mortgages and de-
livered them to the stockholders, who thus
had their homes free from incumbrance. Other
associations followed, but the first was the
most successful of them all.

There are now two building and loan as-
sociations in Delaware, but their plan of or-
ganization and operation are quite different
from the one we have just noted. Money is
no longer put up at auction, nor are shares sold
on the terminal plan. Money is loaned on
mortgages in the regular way, at a stated rate
of interest, the mortgagor having the privi-
lege of paying any part or all of the principal
at any time.

The People's Building and Loan Com-
pany was incorporated in October. 1885. by
J. Hippie, James M. Jones. John Donahue.
Hon. F. M. Marriott 'and H. L. Baker. At
first its capital stock was $800,000; this was
later increased to $1,000,000, and when this
was all subscribed, the "stock in 1905, was in-
creased to $2,000,000. When the company
started, it did business like any other building
and loan association of those days, charging a
legal rate of interest, and in- addition, by put-
ting the money up at auction, it secured a
premium, which amounted to extra interest.
A good many years ago this plan was aban-
doned, and a fixed rate of interest (seven per
cent.) was charged. In November, 1899. the
rate of interest was fixed at six per cent., and
this rate has remained unchanged to the pres-
ent time.

The Board of Directors consists of nine
members, three of whom are elected each

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

161

year by the stockholders for a term of three
years. This board manages the affairs of the
company. In October, [907, there were 1,644
members, and their depi sits amounted to
$345,000. The value of loans outstanding
was $354,971.09. The reserve fund for con-
tingent losses was $12,179.85.

The present officers of the company are:
C. Riddle, president; R. G. Lybrand, vice-
president; H. C. Clippinger, secretary; E. F.
Young, assistant secretary, and R. M. Avery,
treasurer. The following gentlemen consti-
tute the present Board of Directors : C. Rid-
dle. R. G. Lybrand. W. Kurrley, R. J. Pum-
phrey, J. G. Hoffman, James Ousey, J. H.
Cunningham, I. E. Campbell and T. J. Grif-
fin.

The company loans only on first mortgages
on city and farm lands in Delaware County.
Settlements are made semi-annually, and all
sums paid in excess of the interest due are
applied on the principal. The careful manage-
ment of this company is indicated by the fact
that it owns no real estate.

The Fidelity Building Association
and Loan Company was incorporated Jan-
uary iy. 18S7, by H. J. McCullough, H. A.
Welch. J. D. Van Deman and William T.

Gessner. At that time the capital stock was
$400,000, and "it June 9, [890, this was in-
creased to $1,000,000. The present Board of
Directors is composed of the following gentle-
men: D. H. Battenfield, D*r. W. P. Caldwell,
Harry L. Clark. Robert J. Cox, M. Miller,
Eugene P. Nash, F. J. R. Pfiffner, V. D. Stay-
man and John D. Van Deman. The officers
are: D. H. Battenfield, president: V. D.
Stayman, vice-president; Frank S. Watkins,
secretary; R. B. Powers, treasurer. So care-
ful has the management of this company been
in making loans that at the present time it
holds no real estate. This company is the
only one in Delaware that loans money to
build. The purposes of the company are well
stated in the following paragraph, which we
quote from its prospectus :

"It is the purpose of the company to place
the resources of the investors at the disposal
of the borrowing classes upon a safe, sound
and equitable basis, affording the investor ab-
solute security and a reasonable rate of inter-
est, and the borrower convenient facilities for
paying both interest and principal, with every
safeguard that human ingenuity can suggest
thrown around both."

CHAPTER IX.

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.

The Ladies' Christian Union — Delazvare County Infirmary — Children's Home of Delaware-
Home for the Aged — Jane M. Case Mem aria! Hospital — Girls' Industrial Home.

THE LADIES CHRISTIAN UNION.

The Ladies' Christian Union, the oldest
charitable organization in Delaware, had its
beginning in response to the cry of a babe born
in February, 1869, to a mother so poor that she
could provide no clothing for its coming. This
sad case came to the attention of James Jami-
son and Judge M. L. Griffin, who were then
trustees of Delaware Township. They con-
sulted with Airs. T. B. Williams, whose ready
sympathy aroused her to immediate action.
She set out to call upon Mrs. C. C. Chamber-
lain and Mrs. W. P. Reid, two ladies whose
names, during their lives, were identified with
every charitable and public-spirited movement
in this city. Mrs. Williams met these ladies
on the sidewalk in front of Mrs. Chamber-
lain's residence and made known her errand.
Airs. Chamberlain at mice said, "We ought to
call the ladies together and organize a so-
ciety." So, on the following Sunday, the
clergymen of the city, at the request of the
ladies, announced from their pulpits that all
ladies who would be interested in organizing
a society for charitable work were invited to
be present at a meeting called for that purpose
at the residence of Mrs. C. C. Chamberlain on
1 certain day of the following week. Mrs.
Chamberlain's home was located on Sandusky
Street where the Delaware Hardware Com-
pany now docs business. Her parlors had al-
ready become historic, not only socially, but as
the place where many a religious and benevo

lent enterprise- had had its birth — becoming,
finally, a very "storm center" of woman's
patriotic word and work, as she kept brightly
burning the home fires 'mid the stormy days
of '6 1 -'65. The meeting was largely at-
tended, and an organization effected, of which
Mrs. Joanna Murray was elected president,
Mrs. Abram Thomson, first vice-president ;
Mrs. Hosea Williams, second vice-president ;
.Mrs. Charles McElroy. secretary; Mrs. W. F.
Whitlock, treasurer. At the following meet-
ing, the name of the organization was sug-
gested, by Mrs. Abram Thomson, and was
adopted. The make-up and work of the Union
is reflected in its name — "Ladies" denoting its
womanly character — "Christian" the spiritual
as well as temporal work contemplated —
"Union" its cosmopolitan or undenominational
character. Soon after, a constitution and by-
laws were adopted, and these have undergone
but little change during the nearly forty years
of good work accomplished by this society.
The object of the Union is to help, mainly,
sick women and children, or families where
the husband and father is sick or disabled for
work. Clothing, food and such other helps
as the circumstances may recpiire are provided.
but money is never given, the Ward Workers
making such purchases as may be necessary.
An important feature of the work is keeping
children warmly and decently clad, so they can
attend the public schools. Some years the
mi ney expended has amounted to $400, but
in recent years it has averaged about Si 50, be-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

163

sides clothing, food, etc., which lias been do-
nated to the Union.

For seven years the treasury was re-
plenished by membership due--, public and pri-
vate donations, and an annual dinner that
usually netted from $300 to, at one time, $600.
The most largely attended dinner was that at
which Rutherford B. Hayes, who was then
governor of Ohio, and Mrs. Hayes, were the
guests of honor. Later the payment of mem-
bership fees was discontinued, and while the
Union has never been without money, and its
wardrobe has never been empty, there came at
one time a falling off in its financial resources
that caused some anxiety on the part of its of-
ficers. The day is well remembered by some
of the older workers, when General J. S. Jones
stopped one of their number between the Court
House and Jones' Block, and said : "Did you
know that there was a law authorizing the
levying of a special tax for the poor of a city
the size of this? The machinery of your
'Christian Union' is in good working order —
only money lacking; why not avail yourself
of this help that the law provides?" The law-
referred to provided for a tax to be voted
by the people, not to exceed three-fourths of a
mill, the fund so raised to remain under the
control of the City Council, and to be dis-
tributed by a committee appointed by the
Council, and making to it monthly reports. In
1876. a vote having been carried at the spring-
election to levy this tax, the Council so or-
dered, appointing as its committee three ladies
from the Christian Union; and from that time
funds flowed into its treasury. About this
time it was deemed advisable to incorporate the
Union under the laws of Ohio. Later this
support from the city was withdrawn, and
since that time, the Union has depended for the
means to carry on its work upon donation- of
money, clothing, food, etc. For many years
before her death, one of the benevolent ladies
of Delaware sent the Union $50 every Christ-
mas, and many times provided a Christmas
dinner for every family which it was helping.

The Union has always had tin- o 1 iperation
of the city officials, the township trustees, and
the truant officer, by whom cases arc often re-
ferred to the workers.

.Meetings are held once a month, excepl in
times of especial need, when they are held
twice a month. At first, the meetings were held
in Mrs. Chamberlain's parlors, and afterwards
at the homes of the different officers; later the
Union was given the use of a room in tne
Court House, and when the needs of the county
made it necessary to withdraw this privilege,
a room was provided in the City Hall, where
the members met until the Masonic Temple
was completed. The Union then moved int< > a
room in the Temple which had been especially
adapted to its need, and which had been con-
veyed to the organization by a perpetual lease
given by Mr. Sidney Moore, and Mrs. Moure.
by whom the building was erected and pre-
sented to the Masonic order.

The following are the names of the ladies
who have filled the different offices since the
organization of the Union, though at this
time we are not able to give them in chron-
ological order. Presidents. Mrs. Joanna Mur-
ray. Mrs. Abram Thomson, Mrs. T. B. Wil-
liams, Mrs. F. Merrick, Mrs. J. C. Evans. Mrs.
James Barnes. Mrs. W. P. Reid, Mrs. W. O.
Semans. Secretaries. Mrs. Charles McElroy,
Mrs. William Little. Miss F. Perkins. Mrs. T.
C. O'Kane. Treasurers. Mrs. W. F. Whit-
lock. Mrs. I. W. Lindsey, Mrs. Tohn A. Little.
Mrs. W. W. Davies.

From the beginning, there have been two
visitors appointed for each ward of the city.
It is the work of these ladies to discover the
needy cases, visit them and report the result
of their investigations and efforts to the or-
ganization. It should he stated here that no
one connected with the Ladies' Christian L T nion
receives any remuneration, except that blessed
ness which comes from giving both time and
substance to those in need. We are unable to
give a complete list of the ward visitors from
the beginning, but among them are the follow-
ing: Mrs. T. B. Williams, who is the oldesl
ward visitor; she has worked continuously in
the Ea<t Ward from the beginning. Mrs. W.
O. Semans was a ward visitor continuously
from 1872 until within a short time, when the
condition of her health made it necessary for
her to give up a little of the more arduous
work: Mrs. I. J. Shur. Mrs. Loofbourrow,

164

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Mrs. Charles Crawford, Mrs. Shattuck, Mrs.
Thomas Evans, Mrs. Ceorge Eaton, Mrs. H.
M. Carper, Miss Matilda Dickinson. Mrs. T.
F. Joy. Mrs. E. Butler, Mrs. Dr. Goldrick, and
many others.

The present officers of the organization
are: Mrs. W. O. Semans, president; Mrs. N.
Wagner, vice-president; Mrs. W. M. Semans,
secretary; Mrs. W. B. Patton, treasurer; Mrs.
W. W. Davies., assistant treasurer. Ward
Visitors: Mrs." C. B. Austin, Mrs. T. D.
lharp, Mrs. W. B. Patton, Mrs. J. Markle,
Mrs. X. Wagner, Mrs. T. B. Williams, Mrs.
A W. Wiles.

While the work of the Ladies' Christian
Union has heen unostentatious, the amount of
good it has accomplished will never Lie known
this side of eternity. It has the approval and
support of every public-spirited and generously
disposed person. Wherever there is need,
there these unselfish women are found minis-
tering to it with words of cheer and solace for
the mind, and physical necessities and comforts
for the body, given with an intelligent sym-
pathy, and regardless of the personal sacrifices
that may be involved. They cannot fail to
hear the words: "Come, ye blessed of my Fa-
ther, inherit the kingdom prepared for you,
* * * for 1 was an hungered, and ye gave me
meat : I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink : I
was a stranger and ye took me in : naked, and
ye clothed me: 1 was sick, and yet \isited me."

DELAWARE COUNTY INFIRMARY.

The early pioneers of Delaware County
were, as a class, energetic and industrious,
thrifty, self-reliant and provident: among them
pauperism was practically unknown. As time
went on. however, and the population in-
creased, families were found who became ob-
jects of charitable consideration. Some of
these were adventurers who had been attracted
hither by the apparent prospects of wealth
without work: others were thriftless or im-
prudent; then there were those who were men-
tally or physically incapacitated for the battle of
life, and some who were victims of misfor-
tunes. Kind-hearted neighbors and friends

cared for cases of this kind until the burden
became too great to be borne by private indi-
viduals, and so, in 1852, we find the county
commissioners, Ezra Olds, O. D. Hough and
Joseph Cellars, appointing three directors to
see what provision could be made for the care
of these unfortunates. The directors. Hora-
tio P. Havens. Amos Utley and William M.
Warren, interviewed many of the leading citi-
zens, and it was finally decided to purchase
a farm and erect suitable buildings for the
care of the destitute.

In 1S54, the Joseph Blair farm, consisting
of 113^2 acres of land in Brown Township,
and located about half a mile west of the vil-
lage of Eden, and five and one-half miles
m irtheast of Delaware, was purchased. A
substantial brick building was erected, forty by

140 feet in dimensions. The wings

the

east and west sides of the main building are
each forty feet long and two stories high.
These wings, and the rear of the main build-
ing, are uesd by the inmates, while the front
of the house is used by the superintendent and
his family. There is a large basement under
the entire building. On the first floor is the
store room, wash room, kitchen, dining rooms,
pantries, and a few bed rooms. The second
story is divided into sleeping apartments.

When this farm was first purchased, the
wisdom of the commissioners in selecting this
location was called in question. For the
larger part of the year the place was almost
inaccessible, owing to the condition of the
mud roads leading to it. Part of the farm was
covered by water, and much of the rest of it
was swamp and forest. The buildings on the
farm were not worth considering for the pur-
pose for which the farm was purchased. But
this description does not apply to the farm as
we find it todoy. Much of the land has been
cleared and tilled, giving the county a farm of
great fertility, adapted to raising fruits and
vegetables as well as general farm crops. An
excellent orchard was planted, and this pro-
vides a large part of the fruit consumed.
Everything is done to make comfortable the
unfortunates who are dependent upon the char-
ity of the county In their declining years.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

165

Up to [856, no special provision had been
made for the care of the insane, and as these
wards of the county increased in number, ii
became necessary to provide suitable quarters
for them. Accordingly, a stone and brick
building was erected in the rear of the infirm-
ary. Heavy iron bars guarded the windows.
which were set high up in the walls, and the
cell doors, which opened into small hallways,
were protected with iron gratings, firmly se-
cured by a wooden door on the .mt>ide. This
pen-like affair was far from comfortable, and
as it was unsatisfactory in other ways, it soon
was deemed necessary to replace this with a
larger building, better adapted to the care of
the insane.

The Legislature, during the session of
iS74-'75, passed an act which authorized the
commissioners to levy a tax, ami the directors
to build "a prison for the insane." A large
and commodious brick building, 50 by 30 feet
in dimensions and two stones high, was
erected at a cost of $10,000. Under the build-
ing is a good basement, which is used as a
furnace room. The building is fire-proof, and
is provided with every necessary comfort and
convenience. Large hallways run through the
center of each of the floors from one end of the
building to the other. The cells, built of stone
and brick, are eight feet by ten, and open off
these hallways on either side. The doors are
of iron, and the windows are heavily barred.
In 1903, a law was passed requiring all insane
persons to be sent to the State Asylum. Since
then, the building has been used only as a
place of detention for insane persons, until
such time as they could be taken to the State
Asylum. Because of its superior conveniences,
a number of the older inmates of the Infirmary
are now housed in this building.

There are two capacious barns on the farm,
The new barn, built in 1S95, is forty by sev-
enty feet in dimensions. About forty-five
head of cattle are kept; sixty lings are fed. of
which about forty-five are butchered annually.
In 1907, the crops were short, excepting hay.
The following were the quantities raised:
Wheat, 500 bushels; oats, 700 bushels; corn,
2,000 bushels. About 150 tons of hay are

raised each year, of which about five carloads
are sold each spring. In 1870, it became evi-
dent that the farm was ton small, and 105
acres of laud were purchased from John L.
Thurston. In 1905, fifty acres of land were
added to the farm on the east, making a total
of 268^ acres now in the place. Only a ver.
small number of the inmates of the Infirmray
are able to lend any assistance in the farm
work.

The Infirmary is in charge of a Board of
Directors, who are elected by the people. They
employ a superintendent to manage the farm,
the buildings and the inmates.

The following gentlemen have served as
superintendent: Eli Jackson, 1852-55; Mr.
Meeker, 1855-58; George Hall, 1858-60; John
L. Thurston, 1860-66; John Heverlo, 1866-67;
James Green, 1867-68; John A. Caruthers,
1868-74; John Heverlo. 1874-76; N. Glass,
1876-80; John Longwell, 18S0-85 ; X. A. Cole-
man, 1885-89; George Coyner. 1889-92; A.
Linn, 1892-1901 ; April 1, 1901, the present
superintendent, Mr. C. O. Domigan, took
charge of the Infirmary.

The following items from the last annual
report will be of interest. At that time there
were sixty-eight inmates in the institution.
The largest number ever cared for at one time
was ninety-seven, while the average runs be-
tween sixty and eighty. The proportion of
men to women is usually two to one.

FROM REPORT FOR YEAR ENDING
AUGUST .m. 1907.

Salary of superintendent $ 860.00

Wages of other employes 1429.60

Medical attendance at Infirmary 62.50

Minister 10.00

Stock 92500

Groceries and provisions 2039.27

Fuel and lights 99 T -47

Clothing and shoes 39890

Coffins and funeral expenses 76-75

Furniture 35-55

Feed fcr horses, cattle and hogs 4'5-44

Ordinary repairs [872.38

Drugs 254.00

All other ordinary expenses z

Total current expenses of Infirmary $9874.20

1 66

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Received from Dow law tax and

cigarette tax $3828.88

Received from levy for poor fund... 6045.32 9874.20

OUTDOOR RELIEF.

Physicians' fees $ 25S.20

Food, fuel, clothing 3443-32

14 parents and 45 children helped.

Total $3/01.5-2

Received from sale of farm products and stock $2951.76

Received from sale of other articles 2.97

Received from expenses of inmates paid by

themselves or their friends 534-00

Received from all other sources 5-°°

Total amount paid into County Treasury $349373

Net Expense, exclusive of permanent improvement';
during year ending August 31, 1907. $8001.82. Number
of inmates: Male, 44: Female, 24. Total 68.

( AUSES OF PAUPERISM.

Number of insane 17

Number of idiotic inmates '

Number disabled by old age 38

Number disabled by disease 2

Number disabled by loss of member or members.... 2

Number disabled by deformities 2

Number disabled by blindness 4

NATIVITY.

Number of inmates born in Ohio 50

other states 3

foreign countries 15

INVENTORY.

Estimated value of land $12,250.00

buildings 36000.00

furniture 1,300.00

" machinery 2,200.00

" live stock 2.800.00

agricultural implements,

tools, etc 550.00

Total $55,100.00

THE CHILDREN^ HOME OF DELAWARE.

The Children's Home of Delaware is really
the child of the "Ladies' Christian Union," a
benevolent society representing all churches,
which has for its object the care of the po r
of this city. The constant experience of the
workers of the "Union" during it- early years
deeply impressed upon their minds the need oi

some wav to rescue innocent children from
homes of sin and ignorance — children, help-
less, and with almost hopeless futures. Out
of the needs of these innocent children came,
finally, the thought of a Children's Home. At
this time, more than a quarter of a century ago,
there were but few children's homes, and these,
with kindergarten work, were little under-
sti "id ; so we can look back with most charitable
thought to the really conscientious question-
ings that met this work the first year or so, re-
garding not only its practicability, but also the
moral feasibility of establishing this Children's
Home in Delaware.

Some of the chief arguments raised against
this enterprise were: "Institutionizing chil-
dren" — taking children from parents and thus
"rending the most sacred of relationships" —
the prophecy most often repeated in discour-
agement being, that parents would not give
up their children — that only unlawfully born
children would ever come to fill this Home,
thus making of it simply a "Foundling Hos-
pital." to relieve unworthy mothers of bur-
dens, and thus, instead of benefitting the pub-
lic, encourage the "Social Evil." After much
earnest thought and discussion had been
hronght to hear on the momentous question,
the final crucial hour came. It was a band of
noble women who gathered in an "upper room"
of the Court House at Delaware in the early
months of 1881 . and with faith alone in God
as its christening, launched on such an un-
certain sea, this life-boat of rescue. Soon
after, on April 19. 1881. a preliminary meet-
ing of women and pastors of the various
churches was held to consider the question of
formally organizing this Children's Home, as
decided upon by the ladies of the "Christian
Union," and Mrs. Abram Thomson was asked
to present to the meeting the 1 bject to be con-
sidered. This was done, and then the first
question before the meeting seemed to lie.
What shall be the plan of organization? Two
plans were presented: First, a city or county
home, to be supported by private contributions
and to lie under private management; second,
a county hi me to be organized under the sta
tute providing for "County Children's Homes."

DELAWARE COUNTY INFIRMARY.
likow x T< WNSHIP

INS WK WARD I iELAWARE
O IU2S! i \ INFIRM VRY

I III-' 11(1111 I ■( >K \M-I> I'll >PI,E, DELAWARE

- -T

I III-. JANE M CASE MEMORIAL
HOSPIT \l . DEL \\\ \KK

DELAM \KI- i [TY LIBRARY

'I LAW \KI- CHILDREN'S HOME, DKLAW \i-'i

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

169

After a general discussion of these plans, a
committee was appointed to consider the entire
question. This committee was composed of
Airs. John Little, Mrs. Abram Thomson, .Mrs.
William P. Reid. Mrs. Eugene Powell and
Mrs. J. VV. Icenberger. At a meeting held
on April 27, 1SS1. the report of the committee
\\a> presented and accepted, being in substance
as follows: First. The. name of this corpora-,
tion shall be "The Children's Home of Dela-
ware." Second. That it shall be maintained
by private and public subscriptions and do-
nations. Third. That it be organized at pres-
ent as a City Home, with the hope expressed
that abundant support will soon widen it out
into a Canity Home. Fourth. It shall he
located within the city limits, at such place as
its trustees may arrange, and near enough for
its children to attend public schools and
churches.

A constitution had also been prepared, and
with slight changes was adopted. The officers
were to be a Board of Trustees, consisting of
three gentlemen and ten ladies, and a Board
of Managers numbering twenty-four. Mrs.
Abram Thomson was elected President, and
to a history written by her we are indebted for
a large part of this sketch. Mrs. Thompson
passed to her reward April 23. 1903, and at
this point we will digress to quote from a trib-
ute written by the present president of the
Home, Mrs. K. B. Shaffer, which appeared in
the Delaware Gazette, April 27, 1903:

"In the coronation of Mrs. A. Thomson.
Delaware loses one of its most queenly women.
the Children's Home its mother, and a multi-
tude of people a friend and companion. The
life of this noble woman has stamped itself
upon the well-being of the community, and
her deeds of love and kindness live in the
hearts and lives of those who knew her and
loved her. * * * Mrs. Thomson was
ever ready to lend a helping hand to any cause
that was for the uplifting of humanity. Twen-
ty-two years ago today, Mrs. Thomson was
elected president of the Children's Home As-
sociation of Delaware. She was the leading
spirit that lead to the organization of the As-
sociation, and through all the years that fol-

lowed, she gave the best of her life's service to
the building up of this institution for help-
less children. X,. sacrifices were too greal
her to make, and nothing was to,, good for
her to lay at the feet of the little ones she had
under her fostering care. The Home was the
pride of her heart, her •well-beloved.' and the
one thousand or more little ones who have
been nurtured and cared for, rise up to call
her 'blessed.' "

Vice-presidents were elected — one from
each of the churches, and the following are
the names of the other officials elected at that
time: Mrs. C. H. McElroy, secretary; Mrs.
W. G. Williams, treasurer. The trustees were :
Mrs. J. W. Icenberger, Mrs. Thomas F. Joy,
Mrs. W. O. Semans, Mrs. Wm. P. Reid. Mrs:
V. T. Hills, Mrs. J. D. VanDeman. Mrs. Ra-
chel Carter, Dr. F. Merrick, Judge T. C.
Jones. Sidney Moore. The Board of Man-
agers was elected as follows: Mrs. John Lit-
tle. Mrs. C. C. Chamberlain, Mrs. E. T. But-
ler, Mrs. M. D. Covell, Mrs. J. J. Glover. Mrs.
Eugene Powell, Mrs. John Armstrong, Mrs. J.
F. Curren, Mrs. T. C. O'Kane, Mrs. Z. Ham-
mond, Mrs. James Slough, Miss Lvdia
Mitchell. Mrs, William Bowyer, Mrs. E. E.
XefT. Mrs. A. D. Hawn, Mrs.' Thomas Evans.
Mrs. Shattuck, Mrs. A. S. Clason. Mrs. H.
M. Carper, Mrs. R. B. Cowan, Mrs. P. Heibv,
Mrs. J. Markle.

An investigation as to the number of chil-
dren needing the help of the home was made,
and it was discovered that twenty-six children
had been in the infirmary during the previous
two years, and thirty-two children had been
found in homes that were worse than no home-,
with no hope for their future, if left amid such
environments.

From the trend of the meetings of the
trustees held up to this time, it was plain
that the gentlemen of the Board, wdtile most
respectful and deferential, were, and consci-
entiously so, not in sympathy with the work.
They doubted if money could be raised to
support a Home — advised delay in incorpora-
te n, or any attempt to organize a Children's
Home — thought the whole thing impracticable,
and concluded by offering their resignations

170

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

and retiring from the work. How true it
is, that woman's faith and woman's enthusiasm
so often outstrip man's more slow conclusions
— reaching, intuitively, results finally approved
equally by both. At the next meeting of the
Board, the resignations of the gentlemen were
accepted, and the resignation of the ladies re-
maining on the Board were presented, but
acceptance of the same was positively refused.
This meeting was soon followed by another
at which the ladies voted unanimously against
incorporating the enterprise. The outlook was
truly discouraging — a treasury without one
dollar in it, and with nowhere to look for
needed supplies — without the prestige of suc-
cess, and public confidence yet to be won —
so many faint hearts among their own num-
ber growing discouraged and walking no more
with them — the air all around full of doubts and
questionings as to the actual need of under-
taking so great a work.

In May a dying mother in North Delaware
left her two little children to this prospective
"Children's Home." Again, in June, a little
girl, ragged and neglected, but with a sweet
face, came to the home of the president, hold-
ing in her hand a note, writttn on the yellow
fly-leaf of some old book, which read thus:

"Mrs. . I am going to die, and I hear

there is going to be a Children's Home —
when it is built will you take my little chil-
dren?" There were four of these, one a little
babe. The hand that wrote this badly spelled
and written note, it was learned soon after,
was even then growing cold in death. Was
not God thus speaking through the lips of these
dying mothers to discouraged hearts bidding
them go forward and establish a Home?

The six children were cared for by the
"Christian Union" during the summer months,
temporary accommodation being provided for
them in the homes of some of the big-hearted
women whose sympathies were with this work.
The youngest of the children, a baby boy. died
in July.

As the winter of 1881-82 approached, in-
terest seemed once more to revive in this Chil-
dren's Home. Meetings of the Board of
Trustees, which had never been formally dis-

banded, were again held, and "incorporation"
was .nice more pressed as a necessary measure,
anil seemed to be more favorably regarded.
The Boards of Commissioners and Infirmary
Directors were interviewed and found to be
in fullest sympathy, giving their endorsement
and promise of assistance. The county so-
licitor gave his opinion that a portion of the
"special tax fund," provided for the "Ladies'
Christian Union" could be used for the sup-
port of these children, but not to rent or to
purchase property. Only a small amount of
this fund, however, was ever used in the sup-
port of this Home. A law prohibiting chil-
dren being kept in infirmaries made help from
Infirmary directors now possible, they promis-
ing to board all such children at this Home,
paying per week as much as it would cost at
the infirmary to keep them. $1.70 per week.
The commissioners promised to pay the rent
of such a home and coal bills, allowing for this
purpose $33.00 a month. The city was
thoroughly canvassed, and some $600.00 was
raised, which, with membership dues and this
help promised, made it seem practical in De-
cember, [88i, to open a temporary Home on
Union Street. Two sisters, Mrs. Slough and
Mrs. Wise, took charge, the Home opening
with ten children, six of whom were from the
Infirmary. Of these Infirmary children, two
beautiful sisters, twins, some months old, were
early adopted into loving homes, in the pure
atmosphere of which they have grown up into
equally beautiful girlhood and womanhood,
making glad today the hearts of proud foster-
parents.

On January 2, 1882, the following ladies
appeared before Owen L. Davis, notary pub-
lic, and signed papers of incorporation : Delia
L. Williams, Sarah W. Thomson, Elizabeth
Butler, Abigail M. Semans. E. J. Richardson,
Caroline McElroy, Lettie S. Joy, H. A. Rey-
nolds. Louise F. Powell. E. I. Icen'oerger.
Two days later these papers were filed with
the Secretary of State at Columbus. This
act of incorporation seemed to give new life
and dignity, and to win a public confidence
hitherto lacking.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

\nil now, having been successfully started
once more in its work of child-saving, it will
be wise to compress into a briei space the his-
tory of the succeeding nine years of "The
Children's Home of Delaware." until March,
[890, when it was permanently located in its
own beautiful home. Soon after the incorpor-
ation, a lew changes were made in its consti-
tution : The number constituting its Board of
Trustees was changed from thirteen to ten,
thus eliminating what had certainly, in this
case, proved to lie the unlucky number; its
name, too, was changed to that of "The Dela-
ware Dome for Children and Aged People"
so as to widen the scope of its work. But
this was early felt to have been a mistake,
although seven worthy old ladies, who were
not properly subject-- for the Infirmary, were
tenderly cared for the first few years, until
from want of room the work- had to he aban-
doned in •the year 1885, and the original name,
"Children's Home of Delaware." was re-
st ired.

It may be well to preserve as pari of tins
history, and as having been vital, perhaps, in
the successful founding and subsequent career
of this Home, three planks in the principles
governing it that newer appeared in consti-
tution or by-laws, hut which were generally
understood ami religiously observed. Failing
in the start to gain the support and influence of
the men. the management realized that if it
developed at all, women alone must lay both
corner-stone and cap-stone — be their own
builders and assume all control. Realizing
that in the make-up of this society all religions
and church creeds would he represented, it
was early seen that any conflict of these creeds
or discords of religion must he carefully
avoided. So Plank No. 1 was unconsciously
recognized, wrote itself on hearts alone, and
read thus — "We will take our religion with
us to this work, but we will carefully leave our
'creeds' at home." Plank No. _' was adopted
by a rising vote: "Whereas, we believe it to
be the curse of rum more than any other cause
that has made homeless these children of our
Home; with many of them, perhaps, inherit-
ing 'these appetites, thus requiring mure than

usual care and protection — and that as a Chris-
tian association we are responsible lor their
moral as well as physical welfare, therefore
Resolved: That the use of no form of intoxi-
cants he ewer permitted in our Home, either
as a beverage or in the preparation of food;
and that we also assume the responsibility of
excluding" it as a medicine, believing that He
who remembers the "Little sparrow as it falls.'
will not forget these. His little ones, but will
bless the use of other means when sickness re-
quires. Resolved, That these resolutions be
placed on our minutes as a living protest
against this greatest of all evils."

"Plank No. 3. It was always underst 1

that the doors of our Home were always open
with warm welcome to the public at large;
the line was drawn alone on one individual —
a maiden lady ot uncertain age. that fortun-
ately or unfortunately, had drawn upon herself
this prejudice of the managers of the Home.
This may have seemed a strange prejudice,
as this person was ever an unusually welcome
litest at all other penal, reformatory and bene-
volent institutions of the State, and where, too,
she has often banqueted "ii state occasions,
and really seemed to hold unlimited and domi-
nating power. But nevertheless, .Miss 'Ticks'
— Miss 'Polly Ticks' — so well known and
popular elsewhere, has never been invited, re-
ceived or allowed admittance in this Home,
managed by women. And thus have ever been
excluded 'Church Creeds.' 'Intoxicants.' and
•Politics.' "

In establishing the governing principles of
ihi-- Home, and knowing- how often abuses had
crept into institutions of this kind, with chil-
dren as the sufferers, it was early decided that
"Love, instead of the Lash." must he the cor-
rective force employed. And in the first
"Rules and Regulations of the Household."
this rule was placed: "Corporal punishment
can only be indicted in extreme cases, and
alone by the Matron when lighter punishment
has failed." This principle of the fullest pro-
tection to these helpless children has always
keen acted upon.

On the first of April. iNS_>, the Hume was
removed from its temporary quarters on Union

1/2

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Street to the Bixby home on East William
Street. The rent, $25.00 a month, was paid
by the commissioners, with additional money
for coal. The different rooms were com-
fortably furnished by individuals and churches.
Miss Lucinda Joy became the first regular
matron. April 1, [882. During the months
preceding the first annual meeting in April,
i88_\ .\h^. Thomson, on account of domestic
duties, finding it necessary to resign her office
as president, Mrs. W. ( .. Williams was elected
to fill the vacancy, and Mrs. Thomson was pre-
vailed upon to accept the treasiirership, which
office had been filled by Mrs. Williams, and
which involved le>s time and responsibility.
Mrs. McElroy had also resigned as secretary
and Mrs. Eugene Powell had taken her place.
These changes were ratified at the annual elec-
tion. April 25, [882, with the exception that
Mrs. A. M. Semans became secretary. With
a lew changes in each, the old boards oi trus-
tees and Managers were also re-elected.

At the annual meeting held in [883, the
treasurer's report showed as receipts lor the
preceding year, $3,001.63; expenses. $_>.-
427.19: balance in treasury, S574.44. 'I he
president, secretary and treasurer were re-
elected. Increasing respons<ibilties in con-
nection with other lines of work made it neces-
s.irv for Mrs. Williams to tender her resigna-
tion, which was with great reluctance ac-
cepted. Her loss to the association was re-
garded as serious. Mrs. Williams having been
a power during its formative period in bring-
ing into shape and success full)' s'tarting this
child-saving enterprise. Mrs. Semans posi-
tively refused to accept the office of president
to which she was elected, so Mrs. Thomson
was again pressed into service as president for
the remainder of the year, and Mrs. J. W.
Lindsey was elected treasurer. Mrs. Lindsey
continued to perform the duties <>f this im-
portant office with efficiency and faithfulness
for eighteen years, until ill health compelled
her to resign in September, 1901.

In [884 the same officers were re-elected,
wuh the exception that Mrs. Eugene Powell
became secretary. In November Mrs. Thom-
son was again compelled to resign, and Mrs.

John A. Little was elected to fill out the un-
expired term.

The same officers, with boards of Trustees
and Managers were re-elected in 1885. and the
incidents of removing the Home to the Cum-
mins house on North Liberty Street, where
it remained until firmly anchored in its present
location, and the necessary abandonment of the
work for aged people, were all that marked
especially the history of the Home that year.
In April, 1886, another change was made
necessary owing to the failing health of the
beloved Airs. Little, under whose firm but
efficient and gentle leadership the Home bad
more and more won public confidence and fa-
vor. During these years the number of chil-
dren had increased to an average of about
forty, and the hearts and hands of the com-
mittee on "Placing Children" were kept busy
in finding homes for so large a number. This
finding right homes was ewer regarded as the
most important part of the work — the placing
these children where each character, so care-
fully studied while under the care of the Home,
would find as far as possible its fittest environ-
ment — the Home being regarded only as the
place to do the necessar) preparatory work oi
fitting these little ones, both to merit and to
hold the mi. re permanent homes found for
them. I 'suall_\ these children are placed in
homes in the count), where the Society can.
through committees visiting them, keep in
touch with their treatment and surroundings.
Notwithstanding the favorable public .senti-
ment won during these years, tip to this time
a constant battle was being waged from time
to time to keep the wolf from the door, and
make ends meet in financial support of the
I lome.

In the resignation of Mrs. Little and the
discouragemenl that followed. Mrs. Thomson
was again persuaded to come back to her old
place as president, and Mrs. Powell and Mrs.
Lindsey, as secretary and treasurer, respec-
tively, were elected in [886, and these again
in 1887. In April, [888, Mrs. Powell took
the office of president, once more vacated, and
Mrs. Henry A. Welch took Mrs. Powell's
place as secretary.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZEN S

173

So poorly adapted to the wants 1 if tins large
family were the rented houses that had been
occupied up to this time, and so circum-
scribed was the room, that it seemed impossible
tn establish the order and discipline so neces-
sary in the development of young lives whose
chief need is this sort of training-. And so,
during all these years, the need of a permanent
home so adapted to its wants that all of the
great possibilities of this enterprise might be
realized, pressed more and more upon the
hearts of the management. Years had passed
without seeming to come any nearer the reali-
zation of this wish, until in the summer of
[889, discouragement seemed to resolve itself
into despair through the resignation and re-
moval from the city of the president. Mrs.
Eugene Powell, who from the inception of the
work had been an inspiration to it. After once
more recalling Mrs. Thomson to the presi-
dency, a committee was appointed on June 5,
1889, to see what steps could be taken toward
securing a permanent home. Mrs. Henry A.
Welch. Mrs. Rachel Carter, Mrs. J. W. Lind-
sey and Mrs. Thomson composed this commit-
tee. They found in the Board of County Com-
missioners most stanch and sympathizing
friends, ready to help to the fullest extent the
law allowed. In their law-abiding devotion to
the county's interests, no less than in their
brave stepping out into this new field of rescue
to the perishing. J. L. Thurston, S. J. Mann,
and M. Field wrote each his name with most
honorable mention on the county's history.

A law, seemingly lost under the legislative
debris of twenty years, was resurrected by this
committee of women. Under its provisions
the commissioners of a county were permitted
to insist a charity of this kind to the extent
of $6,000 in buildings. The Potter property,
just north of the city, beautifully located for
this purpose, and with seven acres of ground,
improved at an expense of $20,000, was of-
fered to the committee for less than halt of
its real value, $8,500.00. So lost and seem-
ingly forgotten had this law become that much
and quite distinguished legal talent was exer-
cised in trying to influence the commissioners
against acting under it. So persistent were
11

the efforts in this directii 11 that had 11
been for the courageous and gallant I
made by Gen. j. S. Jones and don Geo
W. Carpenter, prosecuting attorney, in 1
fense of the law, and the perfect legality of the
commissioners' acting under it, the case would
have been lost. As soon as the commissioners
were assured that they could safely act, they
encouraged the trustees of the Home to se-
cure the property, the commissioners assummg
$6,000.00 of the purchase money, the trustees
expecting to mortgage the property for the
remaining $2,500.00. In March, 1890. this
valuable property was transferred by the
owner, Mr. Robert Xeal, of Columbus, to the
trustees of "The Children's Home of Dela-
ware" — Mr. Xeal making to the ladies a do-
nation of $200.00. Kind friends now came
to the relief of the women in the large debt
they had assumed. The wdiole-souled Judge
Jones (one of the doubting Thomases on the
original Board of Trustees, but nevertheless.
a stanch friend of the Home for twenty years)
was the first of them. A petition gotten up
by him. with the assistance of Mr. E. E. Xeff
and Mr. J. P. Thompson, was circulated, and
a bill lor S2. 500.00. with $500.00 added for
repairs was gotten through the Legislature by
another stanch friend, R. K. Willis, then mem-
ber from this district. The "Committee on
Permanent Home" having done its work, was
discharged, and in March, 1890. the large and
now happy family was moved into its truly
beautiful home, which was formally dedicated
the following September. At this time, the
following boards of Trustees and Managers
were in charge of the Home :

TRUSTEES.

Mrs. A. Thomson.
Mrs. R. Carter,
Mrs. H. A. Welch.
.Mrs. 1. W. Lindsev,
Mrs. E. E. Xeff.
Mrs. J. D. Van Deman,

Mrs. R. Reynolds,
Mrs. J. M. Crawford
Mrs. J. F. Shaffer,
Mrs. H. L. Baker.
Miss McCullough.

MANAGERS.

Mrs. R. Lvbrand,
Mrs. J. J. Shur,

Mrs. H. G. Sheldon.
Mrs. P. Heibv,

174

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Mrs. I. Markle, Mrs

Mrs. j. L. Thurston, Mrs.
Mrs. T. M. Byers, Mrs.

Mrs. V. T. Kingman, Mrs.
Mrs. V. D. Stayman, Mrs.
Mrs. Jno. P. Thompson Mrs.
Mrs. Dr. Constant, Mrs.
Mrs. Bachelder, Mrs,

Mrs. D. Plotner, Mrs.

Mrs. Seymour Harrold.Mrs.

L. A. Luttgen,
]. Snodgrass,
Elmer Hills,
Geo. Powers,
Duvall,

J. P. Wintermute
Wm. Cutler,
1 luff,

J. R. Brown,
L. W'olfley.

The total number of children cared for
in these nine years was 168; returned to par-
ents, thirty-seven: placed in homes, seventy-
one ; returned to other counties and placed in
asylums and hospitals, sixteen. The expense
of keeping up the Home averaged each year
$2,000.00, or a total expenditure of $17,171.74.
This property now purchased by consent of
Board of Commissioners, was deeded direct
to Trustees of the Children's Home, to be
held by them so long as it was used for the
purpose of a Children's Home. When not so
used, the property to revert hack to the county.
On the removal of the Home to its new quar-
ters, Gen. J. S. Jones made arrangements to
board at this Home, and thus assist in its
support, children from the overcrowded quar-
ters of the "Soldiers' and Sailors' Home" at
Xenia. The management deciding at the same
time to board children from other counties
where there were no Children's Homes. The
Association, thus newly equipped, seemed en-
dowed with a new life, as it started out on a
future so full of possibilties.

The chief incidents of note during the fol-
lowing years, '91, '92, '93, were: In Septem-
ber a lot was kindly donated by the cemetery
trustees, with the understanding that as soon
as the Association was able, a suitable monu-
ment would be erected. Such a monument was
placed in February, 1895, at a cost of $135.00.
In September, 1891, an Advisory Board of
three gentlemen was decided on, with by-laws
to that effect. Gen. J. S. Jones. Rev. J. F.
Shaffer, D. D., and Mr. E. E. Neff comprised
this Board. In May. [892, the need of re-
modelling and adding more room to the, build-
ing so as to accommodate the largely increased

family, now numbering from fifty to sixty, re-
sulted in the appointment of a committee —
Mesdames Baker, Welch, Lindsey and Thom-
son — to secure means somehow for this pur-
pose. A few months later, by compromising
a law-suit with the Short Line Railroad, a
right-of-way, taking 168 feet from the north-
east corner of the yard, was conveyed to the
railroad for $3,000.00. and this sum was ap-
plied to the new building, the county commis-
sioners promising to supply the balance of the
necessary money. In December, a kindergar-
ten was started. This was suspended while
the Home was being remodelled, and since that
time it bas seemed impractical to renew it.
In January, 1893. a handsome donation of
books from Mrs. W. C. Ginn became the
nucleus of a library, christened the "Ginn
Library." Mrs. Ginn was an active member
of the Board of Managers, who for two or
three years gave an hour each week to the
children of this Home in interesting talks or
lectures on familiar subjects.

The work of remodelling the Home was
completed in the fall of 1893 at an expense of
$7,369.13. and dedication exercises were held
November 1, 1893.

Two delegates have been sent each year
to represent the Home at the Annual Meetings
of the "Associated Charities." so that the
broadest and most intelligent thought might
be given to the management of this child-sav-
ing work.

By August, 1895, the work of placing the'
large number of children that were coming
into the Home became so great that it was
decided to appoint an agent, not only to find
such homes and adjust the children to them,
but to visit the children and keep the Associa-
tion in touch with them. Mrs. J. W. Lindsey
was appointed to this work which she has
performed ever since in a most efficient
manner.

On the night of February 19, 1896, an
intensely cold night, the thermometer register-
ing twelve degrees below zero, this beautiful
Home was entirely destroyed by fire. The
family of fifty children, some of whom were
quarantined with scarlet fever, were carried

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AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

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out of the burning building in their night
clothes, and with only such wraps as could be
hastily caught up, to shelter elswhere. Heroic
actii m by matron, employes and citizens that
hastily gathered from near and far saved with-
out hurt the lives of these helpless little chil-
dren. The Opera House was thrown open,
and here the children were soon gathered and
made comfortable for the time. The Wilson
home in South Delaware was finally secured,
and here the children were comfortably quar-
tered until the Home was rebuilt, ample in-
surance having been carried to do this. So
fully has this once-questioned charity estab-
lished itself in the confidence of the citizens that
about $500.00 was received from different so-
cieties and individuals, besides groceries, pro-
visions of all kinds, clothing and bedding in
abundance.

The following ladies composed the boards
of Trustees and Managers who bravely at this
time met the disastrous work of the fire fiend,
and with the help of almost the entire citizen-
ship of Delaware, warmed, fed, clothed and
housed the fifty little children turned out of
home in the cold of that night.

TRUSTEES.

Mrs. A. Thomson, President;

Mrs. J. F. Shaffer. Vice-President;

Mrs. H. A. Welch, Recording Secretary;

Mrs. J. D. VanDeman, Cor. Secretary;

Mrs. I. W. Lindsev, Treasurer ;

Mrs. E. E. Neff, Historian ;

Mrs. H. L. Baker,

Mrs. Wm. Cutler,

Mrs. D. Plotner,

Miss Mary McCullough.

MANAGERS.

Mrs. Ed. Semans, Mrs. J. Markle.

Mrs. Robert Lvbrand, Mrs. W. C. Ginn.

Mrs. T. M. P-yers, Mrs. Dr. E. M. Hall,

Mrs. Prof. Hormell, Mrs. L. A. Luttgen,

Mrs. N. F. Overturf, Mrs. J. P. Wintermute,

Mrs. J. M. Crawford. Mrs. P. Phillips,

Mrs. J. Snodgrass, Mrs. W. H. Hague,

Mrs. L. B. C. Lahr, Mrs. Dr. McDowell,
.Mrs. V. T. Kingman, Mrs. J. J. Shur,
Mrs. Prof. Stevenson. Mrs. S. A. Moore,
Mrs. Geo. W. Powers, Miss Cummins.
Mrs. H. M. Loofborrough,

In December, 1896, the commissioners ap-
propriated $660.00 for a new barn, and in
May, 1897, $150.00 was allowed for sewerage
by the same Board. In September, 1897, the
1 ild boards of Trustees and Managers, with
a few changes were re-elected. Mrs. H. A.
Welch, after long and faithful service gave
up the secretaryship, and Mrs. Anna Joy Halli-
day was elected in her stead. Mrs. Welch,
however, remained on the Board of Trustees
as chairman of the "Building and Grounds
Committee."

The year 1898 was marked by no special
incidents other than some changes in the
boards of Trustees and Managers. In April,
1899, eighteen acres of pasture land were pur-
chased, it being necessary to keep quite a num-
ber of cows to supply milk for so many chil-
dren. $1,100.00 was the price paid; $700.00
of this coming from the treasury, the balance
being borrowed from the bank for a short
time.

At the annual meeting, in September,
1899. the constitution was changed reducing
the number of managers from twenty-four to
eighteen, and restricting the voting power to
the members of boards of Trustees. Managers
and Advisory Board of Women from Town-
ships. At this election the old officers were
continued, except that Mrs. H. A. Welch be-
came historian and corresponding secretary in
place of Mrs. Van Deman, resigned.

In August, 1900, a cold storage and ice-
house was built at a cost of $549.29.

At the time of writing this brief sketch of
the Home, it has accommodations for about
sixty children, though the average number of
inmates is about forty-five. The Association
owns thirty-six acres of land in Delaware,
keeps five cows and a horse, raises garden
truck and poultry and a large part of the meat
consumed in the Home. The present officials
of the Home are as follows: President, Mrs.

i?S

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

J. F. Shaffer; vice-president, Mrs. E. M. Hall;
recording secretary, Airs. J. W. Nelson; cor-
responding secretary, Airs. H. A. Welch;
treasurer, Mrs. Fred Bauereis. Trustees :
Mrs. C. A. Walker, Mrs. J. Markle. Mrs. V.
T. Kingman, Mrs. N. F. Overturf. Managers:
Airs. T. W. Lindsey, Mrs. J. P. Wintermute,
Airs. E. I. Pollock, Mrs. P. Heiby, Mrs. L.
Lewis, Airs. L. B. C. Lahr, Airs. G. G. Gallo-
way, Airs. Wm. Cutler, Mrs. H. C. Clippinger,
Mrs. C. W. Wiles, Airs. Paul R. Hickok. Airs.
X. Wagner, Airs. S. B. Brown. Airs. F. Al-
bright, Airs. L. L. Denison. Airs. Al. J. Ross,
Mr.. T. AI. Byers, Airs. F. A. Owens, Airs.
C. C. Steadman.

Delaware County may well be proud of
its "Children's Home!" And what shall we
say of the noble Christian women to whom the
community is so deeply indebted for this
beneficent institution? Some have already
been called to hear the words: "Well done,
good and faithful servant;" cithers remain, still
identified with the work which has claimed
their heart and hand these many years. In-
difference, opposition, obstacles apparently in-
surmountable, they have overcome. Inspired
by the crying needs of the little ones, with
faith in the children's God, and working with
the energy of conviction, they have built a
lasting monument to woman's higher intelli-
gence, sympathy, love and devotion.

HOME FOR THE AGED.

The need for a home for worthy old ladies,
wdio are not properly subjects for the County
Infirmary, was recognized many years ago by
the Delaware women who were foremost in
philanthropic work. The first step in making
a provision of this kind was taken in the early
'8o's, when the name of "The Children's Home
of Delaware" was changed to that of "The
Delaware Home for Children and Aged Peo-
ple." and a number of worthy old ladies were
admitted. It was soon felt, however, that a
separate home should be provided for the
aged, and in 1885, the growing work among
the children made it necessary, for the time
being, to abandon the work of caring for the

aged at the Children's Home. This was a
keen disappointment to Airs. Abram Thomson,
the founder of the Home, and to the other
benevolent women who were interested in the
w 1 nk". They were not disheartened by this
setback, but were strengthened in their desire
and determination to establish an instituton de-
voted exclusively to the care of the aged.

Airs. Elmer Hills was the leading spirit in
the movement which resulted in establishing
the present Home ; closely associated with her
in the early work of arousing interest in the
enterprise were Airs. Alartha Lybrand and
Airs. Ella Battenfield. Aleetings were held
from time to time in the homes of different
ladies, and beginning Alarch 10. 1892. interest
had reached a point where meetings began to
be held at frequent intervals. The clergy-
men and leading business men of the city were
invited to confer with the ladies regarding the
project. A meeting was held in a vacant store-
room ; besides the ladies and the ministers only
two or three business men were present. It
can hardly be said that the enthusiasm of the
men ran high. The ministers plied the women
with such questions as these: "AYhere are
the old ladies to come from?" How many
have you in view ?" "How much money have
you to start with?" "How much would be
required to start such a home?" The effect
of their wise counsel was so disheartening that,
for the moment, many of the ladies felt like
abandoning the enterprise; but courage re-
vived, for those engaged in this work were
inspired by their noble cause with a zeal that
could nut be quenched. A committee was sent
to the Home at Columbus. There they were
given much good advice, and learned that the
Ci lumbus institution was started without a
dollar, and in spite of the apathy of those
from whom the organizers naturally exoected
moral and financial support. Upon hearing
the report of this committee, the Delaware
ladies voted unanimously to push ahead. An
organization was formed, and a committee ap-
pointed to look for a suitable house. After
searching for a week without finding a place
such as was desired. Air. Elmer Hills offered
the free use of his large house on North

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

179

Franklin Street for three months, as it was

thought that in that time results would show
whether the experiment would prove a success
or a failure. If. at the end of the trial period,
it was decided to go on with the work, the
Association was to lease the property for five
years. The Home was established here on
July 4. 1892. with three old ladies from the
Infirmary, the directors of which promised to
pay one dollar a week for the board of each.

The first regular meeting of the Associa-
te m at the Home was held on July 12th. and
at that time, Mrs. J. L. Wolfley, who has held
the office continuously ever since that time,
was elected treasurer.

The Home was furnished by the different
churches — one furnishing the parlor, another
the dining room, others the chambers, etc.
Many liberal-hearted citizens also contributed
to the good work.

The wisdom of incorporating the Associa-
tion soon became apparent, and March 1,
1893. papers of incorporation of "The Home
for the Aged" of Delaware were issued at
Columbus, in which the names of the following
ladies appear as incorporators : Mrs. Susan
Hills. Mrs. Martha C. Lybrand, Mrs. J. L.
Wolflev. Mrs. Frances I. Gill. Mrs. Isabella
Riddle! Mrs. Elizabeth Ufford and Mrs. Abi-
gail M. Semans.

The following ladies comprised the charter
members and the original officials of the As-
sociation : President, Mrs. Elmer Hills ; First
vice-president, Mrs. A. R. Carter; second
vice-president. Mrs. J. S. Gill ; third vice-presi-
dent. Mrs. R. Parsons; secretary. Mrs. A. Ly-
brand; treasurer, Mrs. J. L. Wolfley. These
officers and the following ladies constitute the
Board of Trustees: Mrs. Abigail Semans.
Mrs. Eliza Perkins. Mrs. Chauncy Hills, Mrs.
Christian Riddle. Board of Managers: Mrs.
Eva Thompson, Mrs. Will Smith. Mrs. W
W. Davies. Mrs. W. R. Carpenter. Mrs. James
Smith. Mrs. B. W. Brown.' Mrs. Edward
Welch. Mrs. F. A. Hyatt, Miss M. Dickinson,
Mrs. Sidney Moore. Mrs. John Hills. Mrs. E.
Ufford. Mrs. Frank Marriott. Mrs. G. Ma-
theas, Mrs. F. Rutter. Mrs. Woodlawn. Mrs.
F. Chamberlain. Mrs. Tucv Patton. Mrs. L.

Battenfield, Mrs. Helen Jaynes, Mr-. John
Anderson, Mrs. J. H. Dunlap. Mrs. W. S.
Little, Miss Fidelia Perkins. Mrs. John Arm-
strong.

In 1897 the Infirmary directors were pre-
vailed upon to furnish coal to the Home, and
since that time have continued to pay the fuel
bills. Natural gas has been used for the last
couple of years for heating purposes.

In 1901, and indeed before that, it began
to be felt that the Home was too small for
the ever increasing demands made upon it,
and the question of erecting a building received
earnest consideration. A number of building
lots were kindly offered by public spirited citi-
zens and .by the People's Building Association.
Before an}- definite action had been taken in
regard to building, Mr. and Mrs. Sidney
Moore offered the Board of Managers a ninety-
nine-years' lease of the property the Home
now occupies, with the privilege of the lessee
to purchase the property at any time for a cer-
tain price. The conditions attached to this
generous offer were that the Association put
the building in perfect repair, pay the taxes
and that it shall never be put to any other
use than as a home for aged people. This offer
was eagerly accepted. There are twenty
rooms in the house, giving accommodations
for fourteen or fifteen inmates, besides the ma-
tron and help. As far as they are aide, the
inmates are required to help in the necessary
household work. Including boarders, there
have been admitted up to this time thirty-
eight aged ladies, and there have been twenty
deaths. At present there are twelve inmates
of the Home, and there is usually a number on
the waiting-list to gain admission. Ladies
fifty years of age or older, who have resided
one year in Delaware County, are eligible, the
fee being $300.00 f< >r w< 'men between the ages
of titty and seventy, and $200.00 for those
over seventy years of age. Aside from these
fees, the Home depends for its maintenance
upon the generosity of the public, its principal
source of income being a large dinner given
annually to the alumnae of Ohio Wesleyan
University ; more or less money is also received
fri >m Harvest Home basjs. entertainments.

i8o

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

book collections, etc. The Home has received
financial assistance beyond what its founders
dared hope for; yet there is still much work
to be done, in which every dollar given by a
generous public will find a worthy and chari-
table use.

The present officers of the Home are :
Mrs. Christian Riddle, president; Mrs. John
Cowgill, first vice-president ; Mrs. Martin Mil-
ler, second vice-president; Mrs. J. H. Gardner,
third vice-president; Mrs. Lewis Slack, secre-
tary; Mrs. J. L. Wolrley. treasurer. The
1!< iard of Trustees includes the foregoing offi-
cers and the following ladies: Mrs. Abigail
Semans. Mrs. Sidney Moore, Mrs. H. C.
Thompson, Mrs. F. A. Hyatt.' The Board of
Managers is composed of thirty-four ladies
chosen from the different churches of the city.

THE JANE M. CASE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL.

The Jane M. Case Memorial Hospital, so
named in honor of the donor, is an institution
such as few cities of the size of Delaware can
boast. It has been said by visiting physicians
to be the most successful institution of its size
and kind in the country.

Mrs. Case was a widow, whose husband
had been a practicing physician of Columbus,
and who, for a time, was associated with Dr.
John A. Little of Delaware. After her hus-
band's death, Mrs. Case made her home with
her son, who was a practicing physician in
Cleveland. The climate of that city did not
agree with Mrs. Case, so in 1N88 she came to
Delaware, where she resided until her death
in 1904. In her will, after making certain be-
quests to friends and relatives, she provided
that part of her estate be devoted to benevolent
or charitable purposes, and appointed trustees
to carry out her intentions. Dr. A. J. Willey,
her attending physician, having been a witness
to Mrs. Case's will, and conversant with its
provisions, went, soon after her death, to the
trustees of her estate and presented the claims
of Delaware for a hospital. His suggestions
received favorable consideration. At this
point, it ought to be said that Delaware is
deeply indebted to Dr. Willey for his prompt

action in this matter, and for the time and
effort he devoted so unselfishly to this cause.
The first time Dr. Willey saw the trustees, he
proposed the purchase of the present property.
Dr. W. H. Hague and Hon. F. M. Marriott
were called upon for assistance and counsel,
and it was decided to purchase the Edwin G.
Lybrand homestead on the southwest corner
of Franklin and Winter Streets. Dr. Willey
was asked to secure an option on the property,
which authority he delegated to F. M. Mar-
riott, by whom the option was secured. The
property was purchased August 1, 1904. by
Guy H. Buttolph and Ellen G. Whiting,
trustees of Mrs. Case's estate at a cost of SN.-
500, and by them was transferred to the
trustees of the Jane M. Case Hospital Associa-
tion on December 23rd of the same year.

On August 10, 1904, the Jane M. Case
Hospital Association was incorporated by V.
D. Stayman, Frank M. Marriott, Arthur H.
Jones, Christian Riddle and W. H. Hague.
The objects of the Association are: ( 1) To
provide medical and surgical aid and nursing
for sick and disabled persons, free of expense
to those unable to pay. and at a cost to tin >se
who are able to pay the amount to be de-
termined by the trustees. (2) To instruct and
train suitable persons in .the duties of nursing
and attending upon the sick. The first meeting
of the Association was held August 15, 1904,
and the following trustees were elected for
life: V. D. Stayman, president; Dr. W. H.
Hague, vice-president ; Frank M. Marriott,
secretary; Christian Riddle, treasurer; Arthur
H. Jones, C. C. Stedman and Stephen Potter.
Besides the Board of Trustees, there is an
Auxiliary Board of not less than thirty ladies,
residents of Delaware, to assist the Trustees
in raising funds for the maintenance of the
institution. Knowing that failure had marked
the history of so many other small hospitals,
great care was exercised to secure an organ-
ization that would prove permanent and in-
sure the success of the Hospital after it was
started. The institution has been kept out of
politics and free from the turmoils of religious
Strife, nor is it under the domination of any
individual. The staff comprises nearly all the

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

181

physicians in Delaware County. Dr. W. B.
Hedges has been chief of stall' since the or-
ganization of the 1 [ospital. In the summer and
fall of 1905, the old building was entirely re-
modelled and a new addition was built at an
expense of $9,000.00. While ways and means
of furnishing the Hospital were being dis-
cussed. Air. S. S. Blair kindly came forward
with an offer to do this for an advance of
ten per cent, on the cost of the furnishings,
and to carry the account until such time as
the trustees were in a position to pay it. Alto-
gether there are twenty-two rooms, including
a fully equipped operating-room, nine rooms
for private patients and three wards, one each
for men, women and children, having a total
of fourteen beds. Each of the following
churches and individuals furnished a room:
William Street M. E. Church, St. Paul's M.
E. Church. St. Peter's Episcopal Church, of
which Mrs. Case was a member, furnished the
n om which Mrs. Case had occupied for about
turee years while she boarded at that house;
St. Mary's R. C. Church, First Presbyterian
Church, Asbury M. E. Church. Epworth
League of Lewis Center, M. L. Wolff; the
women's ward was furnished by Zion's Re-
formed Church in memory of their late pastor,
Rev. L. B. Lahr. D. D. ; J. F. Dodd furnished
the ward known as the "Ruth Children's
Ward." Dr. J. K. James presented the Hos-
pital with a United States Observatory clock.
which he maintains at his own expense.

The trustees recently purchased the most
modern high pressure sterilizer that money
can buy. On July 21, 1906, the Hospital,
fullv furnished and equipped for the reception
of patients was opened with an efficient chief
nurse and a competent corps of assistant
nurses, eight in number. The training school
for nurses gives the standard three-year course.
An electric elevator and a dumb-waiter were
installed in the fall of 1907 by the Ladies'
Auxiliary Board. They provide and make all
the linen used in the Hospital. They have also
assumed and paid a note for $1,500.00 which
the Association owed. One of the unique
ways by which they secure funds is known as
"tag day." On this day. which comes once

a year, the ladies sally forth into the street
and tag every pedestrian they meet, allowing
none to escape until he has paid for his tag
by contributing to their Hospital funds.
$2,000.00 a year is paid by the county toward
the maintenance of the Hospital, there being
a legislative enactment making it possible to
raise this sum by taxation. The annual meet-
ing of the Association is held the last Monday
in January of each year.

A number of changes in the personnel of
the Board of Trustees have occurred; Arthur
H. Jones removed from the city, and Dr. A.
J. Willey was elected in his place; V. D. Stay-
man resigned, and S. S. Blair was elected to
fill the vacancy ; upon the death of Dr. Hague,
R. K. Willis was elected a trustee, and is now
president of the Board.

From the report issued in January. 1908,
we learn that during the seventeen months
since the opening of the Hospital, 216 patients
have been admitted. The average cost of car-
ing for each patient, not including wear and
tear on fixtures and furnishings, was $11.05
per week. Of these cases, no were medical
and 106 were surgical. There were sixty-three
charity cases, whose treatment covered a period
equal to 191 weeks for one person.

THE GIRLS' INDUSTRIAL HOME.

The Girls' Industrial Home, one of the
benevolent and reformatory institutions of
Ohio, is situated upon the west bank of the
Scioto River, in Concord Township, about ten
miles southwest of Delaware. The nearest
railroad station is Hyatts, on the Columbus.
Hocking Valley & Toledo road, three and one-
half miles distant. There is an excellent pike
between the home and the city of Delaware.
The telephone between the Home and Dela-
ware was the first long-distance 'phone in-
stalled in Ohio.

A location more beautiful or better suited
to an institution of this kind would be difficult
to find. There are 189 acres of land in the
property. The campus surrounding the build-
ings is covered with beautiful shade tree-,
many of which are of the original forest. The

1 82

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

white sulphur spring is practically inexhausti-
ble, and is used constantly and almost ex-
clusively for drinking. It is unsurpassed by
any of the most healthful waters at the most
popular public resorts of the country. The
property itself has an interesting history, dat-
ing from 1820, when Davis & Richards bored
a well here, about two and one-half inches in
diameter, in the hope of finding salt. The
well was sunk 460 feet, the last ninety feet
being through solid rock, when the augur
suddenly dropped about two feet, and up
gushed with great force a stream of strong
white sulphur water. The water is pure, and
is supposed to be driven by its own gas ; it
has a temperature of fifty degrees. Davis
& Richards considered they had made a failure,
and left the well unfinished. Nothing fur-
ther was done in the way of development un-
til about 1842, when a man named Nathaniel
Hart, bought the land of the owner, Christo-
pher Freshwater, erected a large building and
several cottages, and from that time on it
became widely known as a watering place and
exceedingly popular. A 1 1*. Hart sold the prop-
erty to Andrew Wilson, Jr.. who conducted
the enterprise until 1865. As the patrons of
the place were largely southerners, the war
badly crippled the enterprise, and the hard
times at the close of the war. as well as the
feeling then existing between the North and
the South, made it impossible for Mr. Wilson
to continue the business on the large and
profitable scale to which he had been accus-
tomed, .so in 1865 he sold out to Col. John
Ferrv. The new owner, at considerable ex-
pense, enlarged, remodelled and refurnished
the hou--e, besides building an addition to it;
but it seemed as if the place were doomed as a
resort, and after a year or two the venture was
pbandi med.

Seeing this tine property going to rum and
decay, a number of public-spirited and bene-
volently disposed citizens of Delaware County
petitioned the Legislature to establish here a
home for unprotected girls. May 5, 1869, the
General Assembly passed an act creating the
institution and a Hoard of Trustees was ap-
pointed, consisting of Prof. F. Merrick'. Abram

Thomson, M. D. Leggett, Clark Waggener
and Stanley Matthews. The Board met and
organized at Columbus on the 29th of May.
The property was purchased for $55,000.00
on the 2 1 st of July following, and the Home
was formally opened on the 15th of October
of that year. The institution was then called
"Reform School for Girls;" but in 1872, by a
special Act of the Legislature, the present
name was adopted.

The buildings consisted of a three-story
frame hotel, with a stone basement, situated on
the ground now partially occupied by Cottage
No. 6, and facing the east (as does the present
alignment of brick cottages) ; south of the
hotel, and ninety-five feet distant therefrom,
stood a two-story frame building known as
the Mansion House. A short distance south
from this house was the beginning of a row
of cottages, which extended south to the pres-
ent site of Cottage No. 2. This line of smaller
buildings, known as "Cottage Row," was com-
posed of eight frame structures ; four twi >-
story, and four one-story buildings ; all of
these, from the hotel to the last cottage on
this alignment, were connected by a covered
wooden promenade. South of this row of
cottages stood a two-story frame chapel.
Southeast of this building, and about seventy-
five feet distant therefrom, stood another row
of frame cottages known as "Southern Row,"
running east and west and facing the north,
consisting of two double frame buildings, lo-
cated on the ground which was later occupied
by Cottage No. 7. These, together with the
bath-house, bowling alley, and the "Burnett
House," constituted the tenements that passed
to the State.

These buildings were all dressed in white
paint, with green blinds, which lent a peculiar
charm to the beautiful grounds that had been
tastefully laid out and set with groves of
young indigenous and exotic trees.

On the 19th of November, the superin-
tendent. Dr. John Nichols, made his first re-
port, which shows that six girls were enrolled
as pupils in the new school. We also glean
from that report that the buildings, though
beautiful and extensive, did not possess every

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

183

requirement necessary for comfortable winter
quarters. This was evidently understood at
the time of the purchase, as the whole
premises had been designed and the buildings
constructed for summer use only ; but with
hasty repairs on some of the more substantial
houses, they were made tenable against the
approaching storms of winter. However, just
as those connected with the work began to feel
secure in the permanency of their plans, the
Legislature passed an Act, April 14, 1870,
which seemed to transfer to the Board of Man-
agers of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Or-
phan's Home, all of the premises so recently
purchased by the State for the establishment
of the State Reform and Industrial School for
Girls, save and except the "Burnett House,"
and five acres of land adjacent thereto. After
some correspondence between the officials of
the two institutions, the matter was finally
submitted to the attorney-general for his
opinion, the result of which left the trustees
of the Reform and Industrial School in pos-
session of their purchase.

On February 24, 1873, while a deputation
from the Legislative Committee was making
its annual visit to the Home, and while in the
very act of commenting favorably concerning
the satisfactory workings and prosperity of the
institution, fire suddenly broke out in the old
Mansion House, which was soon destroyed,
together with the chapel and superintendent's
home. The larger buildings were attacked,
but enough were saved of "Cottage Row" and
"Southern Row" to furnish crowded accom-
modations for the officers and pupils of the
Home.

During the session of 1872-73. the Legis-
lature appropriated $24,000.00 for the erection
of two new brick buildings, which are now
known as Cottages Nos. 1 and 3. They were
the first brick structures erected on the farm.
The "Administration." or "Central Building,"
as it is sometimes called, from its location, was
built at a cost of $25,000.00, and was com-
pleted, ready for occupancy in May. 1874.
Here the business of the institution is trans-
acted and the superintendent and his family
reside. In 1875. "Cottage No. 2." sometimes

known as the "Fire-proof" Cottage, was built
on the site formerly occupied by the old frame
chapel. This was the fourth brick building,
including the "Central," in the order of con-
struction by the State. It is now being en-
larged and remodelled. "Cottage No. 6," al-
though the fifth in order of construction, was
completed and ready for occupancy in January,
1878. It cost, including gas fittings and water
pipe, $12,500.00, and was built on the ground
occupied by the old frame hotel which was
destroyed by fire in 1873. It is the northerly
terminus of the row of brick buildings that
face the east.

The buildings now known as Cottages
Nos. 4 and 5 were completed and ready for
use in the month of June, 1880. They were
paid for out of an appropriation of $25,000.00
made by the Legislature. In order to secure
a proper location for them, the three old frame
cottages standing between the Administration
Building and Cottage No. 2, were removed to
the east line of the road running north and
south through the farm, where they now
stand, the only relics (except the "Burnett
House") of the "beauty and glory" that
adorned the grounds of this once famous wa-
tering place.

Work on the erection of "Cottage No. 7"
was begun early in 1881. hut the structure was
not completed until the spring of '82. It cost,
including pipes for steam heat, $15,500.00. It
was located on ground formerly occupied by
what was known as "Southern Row," and
faced north. This building was destroyed by
fire on July 21, 1904. In 1907 it was replaced
by an attractive building, known as "Honor
Cottage," located just in the rear of the site
where No. 7 stood. The building cost about
832,000.00. and the furnishings about $6.-
000.00 more. It was opened on November
15th and occupied by the sixty-six girls hav-
ing the highest rank in the institution.

"Cottage No. 8," which faces south, is lo-
cated on an elevated piece of ground about
200 feet northeast of "Cottage No. 6." It
was completed in the fall of [888, at a cost of
$13,954.14, and was at that time used as the
"Honor Cottage."

1 84

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

All the buildings described above are two
stories in height above the foundations, except
one wing on "Cottage No. 8," and the Admin-
istration Building, which has a tall mansard
roof on the main part of the structure.

A visit to the institution is necessary in
order to gain even a fair conception of its
magnitude and importance. At present there
are 507 girls here, and these together with the
officials and employes make a total population
of about 550. The pupils of the institution
are housed in the eight "Cottages," just
described. It should be understood that these
"Cottages," so called, are very large and
spacious buildings. Those living in each cot-
tage are under the direct care of the matron,
house-keeper and cottage school teacher.

In the rear of the Administration Building
is the chapel, where religious exercises are con-
ducted. The Sunday services consist of Sab-
bath school at 10 A. M., which is followed by
public worship and preaching by Rev. \V. F.
Whitlock. D. D., who has been chaplain of the
institution for many years.

Instruction is given at the "Central School
Building." which was erected in 1897, at a
cost, including furnishings, of about $25,-
000.00. It contains eleven rooms. Besides
the eight grammar grades, there is a two-ye ir
high school course, in which such branches,
including bookkeeping, shorthand and type-
writing are taught, as will be most useful to
the pupils when the have left the home. In-
struction in vocal and instrumental music is
also given under the direction of a competent
teacher.

A "Technical and Industrial Building" is
being constructed, which will cost, including
furnishings and fixtures, ahout $15,000.00.
1 )( unestic science, dress cutting and sewing,
Eancy needle-work, basketry — in fact, all
cla>se^ of industrial work, many of which are
already taught at the institution, will be taught
in this building. The instruction will be under
the direction of a graduate of Pratt Institute
or some similar school of equal standing. The
Home has a library which now amounts to
about 2,000 volumes. The ladies' clubs
throughout the State have sin >wn much inter-

est in this department of the Home by giving

1 k showers and supplying other valuable

literature.

Assembly Hall was built in 1904. for the
accommodation of the population of the in-
stitution, at a cost of $25,000.00. Besides the
spacious auditorium, the building contains a
bathing pool, hot and cold shower baths, dress-
ing rooms and toilet rooms. It is the intention
to equip a gymnasium in the building in the
near future.

There are a number of other buildings that
should be considered in this connection. In
1 878 a brick pump and boiler house was
erected for the purpose of supplying the build-
ings comprising the institution with water.
For this purpose the Legislature had appro-
priated $25,000.00. The same year a gas
plant was established from an appropriation
of $3,000.00. In the winter of 1883, the
building and gasometer, with its attachments
were destroyed by fire, but were immediately
rebuilt from an appropriation of $1,050.00
for this purpose made by the Legislature. This
was replaced in 1898 by the present splendid
acetylene gas plant.

The next building erected was a boiler
house, in which was placed a battery of boil-
ers for the purpose of heating the buildings
from one central point. This building was
completed in 1882, but did not seem to answer
all the requirements of the Home. The Board
of Trustees, being impressed with the impor-
tance of a system of water-works, both for
protection from fire and to supply water for
domestic purposes, requested in their annual
report of 1882 an appropriation of $20,-
000.00 for this purpose, and on April 17, 1883,
secured the following: "For change of steam-
beating and water-works, $24,000.00." The
power or engine and boiler-house was located
1 m the river bank. The boiler and other ma-
chinery were transferred to the new location,
and the present system of steam-heating and
water-works was completed early in [884.
With little expense, the old boiler-house was
converted into a general laundry. Recently
this has been equipped with the most modern

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

185

laundry machinery for the convenience of the
pupils, by whom all laundry work is done.
The building erected in 1888 as a Hospital,

at an expense of $3,000.00, .is now used as a
Detention House. It is a two-story frame
building, located on a delightful elevation in
the southeast part of the Home lot. A new
hospital is to be erected under the provisions
of a special act passed by the Legislature on
January 16, 1908, authorizing the Board of
Trustees to employ an architect and proceed
to construct and equip a suitable and adequate
hospital, to cost not to exceed $30,000.00.

In 1891, the Grocery and Cold Storage
Plant was built at an expense of $1,200. This
will soon be equipped with refrigerating ma-
chinery to provide cold storage and to manu-
facture the ice used at the instituton, thus ren-
dering it independent of the uncertain natural
ice supply. There is also a central bake-oven,
where all the bread, to the amount of 600 to
1,000 loaves per day, is baked by the pupils at
the Home.

There is a spacious barn and other farm
buildings. Part of the milk consumed at the
institution is produced by a small dairy of
about sixteen cows, and most of the vegetables
consumed by the present population are pro-
duced on the farm.

The following men have served as super-
intendent of the institution: Dr. John Nichols
of Geauga County was the first to hold the of-
fice; in 1S77. he retired and Dr. Ralph Hills of
Delaware was appointed to the position, which
he fdled until his death in October, 1879. He
was succeeded by Rev. Nathan Smith, D. D.,
who served until 1881, when Dr. D. R. Miller
was appointed to the office. Colonel James M.
Crawford was the next suoerintenclent. taking
charge December 15, 1884. We are indebted
to this highly esteemed citizen of Delaware
for the data regarding the early history of
the institution as given in these columns. In
March. 1889, Colonel Crawford resigned. His
successor was Captain Albert W. Stiles, who
helil the position for fourteen mouths, when
Colonel Crawford was reinstated in the posi-
tion, which he held for two years, until 1902.
He then resigned, and Captain Stiles was

again appointed superintendent, remaining in
office until April 1, 1904, when the present
efficient superintendent, Thomas F. Dye, was
appointed.

Few people have any idea of the great
good accomplished by this institution. Hun-
dreds of the girls who have been trained here
are now the wives of prosperous men in nearly
every walk in life. Many are married to suc-
cessful farmers in this and neighboring coun-
ties. One is the wife of a prosperous business
man in Cleveland, and a very active worker in
the Methodist Episcopal Church; another went
to New Mexico, where she married an import-
ant railroad official. A young woman who
has made for herself a reputation as a writer
of poetry and prose, was developed from the
ranks of these girls; another married a million-
aire and shines in society; still another has
been a successful school teacher for the past
nine years in Marion County, having earned
for herself the means to pay for her advanced
instruction. A superintendent of a large de-
partment in an extensive business came from
the home, and the number of such young la-
dies who hold positions of responsibility and
trust in the business world is almost legion.

From the time he was superintendent of
the Home, Col. J. M. Crawford and his good
wife until her death, has kept in touch with a
large number of the girls who came under
their care. We wish we could reproduce even
a few of the hundreds of letters, many of them
of recent date, which he has received from
them, but we forbear doing so, as we have re-
frained from relating the intensely interesting
and romantic experiences of some of the young
ladies to whom we have alluded, rather than
take any chance of embarrassing them in the
present high positions which they hold in the
social and business world.

Many of the girls wdio are brought to the
Home, are not. according to the provisions of
the Act creating the institution, proper sub-
jects for commitment here. In many cases,
step-fathers or step-mothers, wishing to shirk
the expense or responsibility of caring for
their step-children, trump up charges on which
they are committed to the Home. One such

1 86

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

case received considerable publicity during
Colonel Crawford's term.

A man brought a bright, honest-appearing
little girl to the Home, who had been commit-
ted on a charge of stealing. While the man
was being shown about the institution, the
Colonel learned the girl's side of the story, and
had his suspicions confirmed. The offences of
which she was guilty were of the sugar and
pie-stealing class, such as most of us have
committed during a certain period in our lives.
Colonel Crawford confronted the man with
the facts, saying: "You are simply this girl's
step-father, and you are trying to get rid of
her." The Colonel also told him a few things
that every such person ought to hear. It de-
veloped that the man and the girl's mother
were going to Europe, and the man said that
when they came back, he would come and claim
the child. He was informed that he was un-
worthy of the child, and that if he left her at
the Home, its authority to keep her until she
was of age would be enforced. The man left
in high dudgeon, and Colonel Crawford im-
mediately commenced an investigation. He
found that two brothers of the girl had been
disposed nf in a similar manner, and also found
that there was some property in the family.
The Colonel had a friend who was a reporter
mi uiie nf the Cleveland papers, to whom he
told the story, requesting the reporter to try
to discover who owned the property. Nothing
nmre was heard of the matter, until, one day,
the paper came out with flaring headlines —
"An Heiress in the Girls' Industrial Home."
The article, which occupied considerable space,
told the story and explained that the girl's
mother was a property owner. Someone sent
copies of the paper to the girl's grandmother
in Ballybeen Park, in the north of Ireland, who
at once began a correspondence with the super-
intendent of the Home. She was entertaining
the child's mother and step-father, and had
been given the impression that the children
were being cared for at boarding-school. I pon
learning the facts, the old lady offered to pro-
vide a home for her granddaughter, and was
told that the institution would be glad to re-
linquish the child to her, if she would furnish

satisfactory evidence of her ability to care
properly for her. The evidence, together with
her formal application, came in the shape ol
a letter of highest recommendation from a
member of Parliament, and another letter from
the American consul at Belfast, speaking in
highest terms of the grandmother, and offer-
ing the services of his son, who was about to
return to America, in seeing the girl properly
searted on her ocean voyage. Uppn his ar-
rival in this country, the young man came to
the Home after the girl. In the meantime, the
developments in the case had made it seem de-
sirable for her mother and step-father to cut
short their visit in Ireland and return home;
but the girl had no irresistible impulse to call
upon them as she passed through Cleveland on
her way to New York. There she was placed
aboard a steamship by her escort and placed
in charge of a chaperone, and safely started for
Ballybeen Park, the home of her well-to-do
and generous-hearted ancestor. The last that
was heard from the young lady, she was at-
tending a college, where it would have been
embarrassing for her to continue to receive
correspondence on the stationery of the "Girls'
Industrial Home."

The institution was established as a "school
for the instruction, employment and reforma-
tion of exposed, helpless, evil-disposed and
vicious girls." Girls between the ages of nine
and seventeen years may be committed to the
Home for ( i ) committing any offense known
to the laws of Ohio, punishable by fine or im-
prisonment, other than imprisonment for life:
(2) any girl leading an idle, vagrant or vicious
life: ( 3 ) or if found in any street, highway or
public place in circumstances of want and suf-
fering, or neglect, exposure or abandonment,
or of beggary, or truancy. Every girl so com-
mitted shall be kept, disciplined; instructed,
employed and governed until she be either re-
formed and discharged, or shall be bound out
as an apprentice or servant, or shall have at-
tained the age of twenty-one years. All com-
mitments to be made by the probate judge of
the county having jurisdiction. The object
of the institution is to instruct the ignorant, to
aid the unfortunate, to reform the erring, to

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

187

lift up the fallen, and to furnish a home for
the exposed and friendless of tender age, where
the_\ may be kindly cared for, trained to habits
of industry and receive such intellectual and
mural culture as to fit them for respectable po-
sitions in society.

In seeking to attain these aims, the pres-
ent management has reorganized the institu-
tion in many particulars. All uniformity in
matters of dress, etc., such as will be found in
many similar institutions, is carefully avoided.
So far as is practicable, an effort is made to
develop the individual taste of each girl. The
pupils have been classified and graded accord-
ing to their age ami merits, both from the
standpoint of conduct and mental ability. It
is felt that the skirls are at the Home, not for

punishment, but to receive training and coi
tion. Each is therefore placed upon her honor,
and made to feel that some responsibility rests
upon her. Under this system of classification,
the most worthy girls to the number of sixty-
six live in the "Honor Cottage." Thus tin-
pupils admitted to the Home have an oppor-
tunity to rise to a point of proficiency, where
they are recommended by the superintendent
to the Board of Trustees for positions, and
under his recommendation, some of the pupils
are now holding salaried positions in the in-
stitution. It is predicted that the time is not
far distant when the institution will be entirely
self-sustaining, so far as expense for labor is
concerned, through the work done by pupils.

CHAPTER X.

THE PR.ESS.

Newspapers and Editors of the Past and of the Present.

The Delaware Gazette is one of the oldest
newspapers in Ohio and probably the only one,
that has been controlled by one family for
nearly three quarters of a century. In the
year 1818 the Delaware Gazette first made its
appearance, published by Drake, Hughes and
Olmsted. Judge Ezra Griswold purchased the
paper in 182 1 and it was published by him
until 1834, when he sold it to Mr. George W.
Sharpe, who had just come to Ohio, from
Frederick, Maryland, where he had owned a
printing office. At the solicitation of Mr.
Sharpe, Abraham Thomson, a relative, emi-
grated from Maryland to Delaware and in
September, 1834, became a partner in this
journalistic enterprise. Soon afterwards Mr.
Sharpe sold his interest in the business io
Judge David T. Fuller. Two years later Mr.
Thomson purchased Judge Fuller's interests
and became sole proprietor, which he remained
from that time until January 1, 1897. when on
account of ill health, consequent upon the in-
firmity of age, he sold the Gazette establish-
ment to his two sons, Henry C. and Robert C,
and reluctantly retired from the labors that
had been so congenial to him for over a half
century.

From 1865 to 1871 a half interest in the
Gazette was held by Captain Alfred E. Lee.
who had served his country as a soldier with
distinction and bravery during the War of the
Rebellion, having been severely wounded at
the battle of Gettysburg. Captain Lee during
this time was elected a member of the Ohio
House of Representatives and afterwards was

appointed by President Hayes to be consul-
general at Frankfort-on-the-Main. In both
positions he rendered capable and creditable
service. After retiring from Frankfort he was
editorial writer on the Ohio State Journal and
other prominent newspapers. Captain Lee
died in 1905.

From 1871 until he retired Mr. Thomson
was assisted in the management of the paper
by his son, Robert Carter, and also a portion of
the time by his son, Frank G. In 1897 his
oldest son, Henry C, returned to Delaware
from Dayton, where he had lived for twenty-
six years, and with R. C. Thomson as part-
ner, purchased the Gazette establishment from
their father and continued its publication un-
der the firm name of Abram Thomson's Sons.
In October, 1898, Henry C. Thomson pur-
chased his brother's interest and since that time
has been sole owner and publisher.

Abram Thomson, who for sixty-two years
was owner and most of that time editor of the
Delaware Gazette, was a remarkable man. it
is doubtful whether there is in the history of
the State another case where one man has con-
tinuously held a like position for such a length
of time. As a man he was of a charming per-
sonality and noted for uprightness and integ-
rity of character ; as an editor he was able and
fearless ; as a citizen he was public spirited and
useful.

Born at Taneytown. Md., in 1814, and hav-
ing acquired his knowledge of printing in si une
of the chief newspaper offices of New York
city, he came to Delaware when a young man

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

189

of twenty and grew up with the town. Abrani
Thomson and his newspaper were prominent
factors in its growth and prosperity and he
was universally honored and respected by its
inhabitants. In addition to his long life in the
editorial harness, he held many public posi-
tions. In 1848-49, without any solicitation on
his part, he was nominated and elected Repre-
sentative of Delaware County in the Ohio
Legislature. For personal reasons he declined
a nomination unanimously tendered him for
re-election. In 1850-i he was chosen to suc-
ceed William Dennison as senator from the
district composed of the counties of Dela-
ware and Franklin. In the year 1854 Mr.
Thomson was a member of the Whig State
Central Committee when it assembled, and de-
clared the Whig organization disbanded and
merged its party into the Republican.

in i860 he was a member of the Board of
Presidential Electors of Ohio which cast the
vote of the State for Abraham Lincoln. By
President Lincoln he was appointed postmas-
ter of Delaware and re-appointed in 1865.
When the State Industrial Home for Chris was
established in 1869 Mr. Thomson became, by
appointment of Governor Hayes, a member of
it> first Board of Trustees, and he served as a
member and secretary of the board for nine
years.

Henry C. Thomson, the present owner of
the Gazette, was born in Delaware in 1842,
and was practically brought up in the Gazette
office, having in his youthful days delivered
the paper to its town subscribers for about five
years. In the year 1865 he was taken into
partnership in the printing business by his fa-
ther, and continued a partner until 1871, when
he moved to the city of Dayton, where he re-
mained for twenty-six years, being engaged in
the grocery business. January 1, 1897, he re-
turned to his first love, the Gazette, and still
directs its destinies. He has been assisted in its
publication for about eight years by his son.
Walter D. Thomson, to whose efficient man-
agement and industry its success and prosper-
ity is largely due.

In the year 1888 the size and business im-
portance of Delaware seeming to warrant the

venture, a daily edition of the Gazette was
launched and the favor with which it was re-
ceived by the citizens, insured its immediate
success. In 1897 a Mergenthaler linotype type-
setting machine was added to its equipment,
enabling the publisher to give its patrons much
more reading matter than had before been pos-
sible. In 1905 a second linotype machine was
installed, making the Gazette's type-setting fa-
cilities unexcelled by any office in a city 01 the
same size in the State. For a number of years
the Gazette has received the Scripps-McRae
telegraph and cable service, by which it has
been able to furnish its readers with the latest
news on an equality with any of the afternoon
papers of Columbus or Cleveland. This serv-
ice has recently been merged with the United
Press Association with improved facilities.

In the spring of the present year (1907)
the circulation of the Daily Gazette, having
outgrown the capacity of the press in use, a
Campbell multipress was purchased and in-
stalled in a new pressroom provided for its oc-
cupancy in the basement of the Gazette build-
ing. This press prints at one operation all
eight pages of the Gazette which has been en-
larged from six to seven o ilumns to the page,
and is capable of a speed of six thousand copies
per hour.

The semi-weekly edition of the Gazette,
which has a large circulation in the county out-
side of Delaware City, was also enlarged to
the same size. There are few cities the size
of Delaware that can boast of as up-to-date and
attractively printed daily paper as the Gazette.
A well equipped job printing department is an
important, adjunct of the Gazette establishment
and a large quantity of catalogue work and
commercial printing is turned out annually.

THE FIRST DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAPER.

For some time prior to 1841, the need of a
Democratic organ in the county of Delaware
began to be felt. Colonel B. F. Allen, Andrew
H. Patterson, Andrew Stephen, James W.
Crawford. John Lugenbeel, Albert Pickett, Jr..
Ahab Jinks. Thomas Reynolds, Moses Byxby,
Jr., W. B. Heim. George W. Sharp and others.

190

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

had, at different times, been in correspondence
with printers at numerous places about estab-
lishing a Democratic paper in Delaware
County, but, as the saying goes today, no "oil"
was struck until early in the year of 1841.
Among the legislative reporters on the Ohio
Statesman during the session of 1840-1. was
a practical printer named Forest Knapp. It re-
quired a practical printer at that date to suc-
cessfully manipulate all of the departments of
a printing office. On the advice and recom-
mendation of Colonel Samuel Medary, a
proposition was made to Mr. Knapp which he
accepted, resulting in the establishment of a
Democratic paper in Delaware called The
Democratic Eagle. The paper was small,
worked off on a small hand-press, the circula-
tion very limited, the job department consist-
ing of a couple of fonts of wood type made of
apple or beech tree. The composition was done
by three apprentices, Thomas J. Crawford,
Andrew J. Crawford and Samuel J. Albright,
all natives of Delaware. The first edition was
bright, showing ability in its editorials, corres-
pondence and scissorings. taking at once with
its friends. Mr. Knapp conducted the paper
for several years, it growing in every depart-
ment and with his party and the people. Then
he left for other fields of labor, placing the
paper in the hands of Mr. John Converse. The
latter not being a practical printer, soon tired
of the business and retired. For some time
no paper was published. In the meantime.
Hon. George W. Sharp, a practical printer.
who had had much newspaper experience in
Maryland and some years prior in Delaware,
secured the ownership of the plant and sent
back to Frederick City, Md., for one of bis
former proteges, named George F. Stayman.
to come to Delaware to take charge of the pa-
per and the plant, and he would give him his
own time to pay for it. Mr. Stayman ar-
rived with his family early in the fall of [845,
took charge of the plant, secured some new
newspaper and job type and started a little
paper under the title of Loco Foco. This con-
tinued a year, when there was an enlargement
of the paper, press and all departments, the
name of the paper also being changed to The

Delazvare Standard. In a few years by work-
ing hard, day and night, himself, and making-
practical printers out of about all of his chil-
dren, although the portion of the county print-
ing was not large, he built up a very satisfac-
tory and readable paper, generally appreciated
by old and young. Under the title of Stand-
ard or Democratic Standard, for nineteen
years, under the management of Mr. Stayman.
this paper was continued. It was Democratic
after the Jeffersonian and Jackson stamp. For
a short time in the early fifties, D. W. C.
Lugenbeel had a half interest in the paper, at-
tending to the local department. It must be
said that The Standard established the first
local department of any paper ever published
in Delaware. Under the administration of
President Pierce and part of that of President
Buchanan, Air. Stayman was postmaster, but
lost out a year under the latter owing to his
support given to Stephen A. Douglas and.
"Squatter Sovereignty." The Standard was
the first paper in Delaware to run up "Old
Glory" when the Civil War began. In 1864,
The' Standard was sold to W. P. Reid. his
brother, Theodore P. Reid took charge of it
and started a neutral paper under the title of
The Delaware Comity News. In 1866. Sam-
uel J. Albright established a Democratic paper
under the title of The Herald. It was bright
and newsy from the start.

After it was firmly established, he retired,
when the paper under the management of
Hosea W. Chamberlain had a number of edi-
tors including Dr. E. H. Hyatt. Hon. E. F.
Poppleton and John A. Cone. The next pro-
prietor and publisher was Robert G. Hurlburt.
He continued to publish the Herald down to
the latter part of the seventies, when he died
of cancer of the tongue. The next was Daniel
Flannagan. He secured the plant and oper-
ated it but a short time when he was followed
by James K. Newcomer, then Newcomer &
Fisher (D. S.) George Padgett was the next
owner, until the plant was purchased by The
Journal Company, which started an independ-
ent newspaper in Delaware in iqoo. under the
editorial administration of Dr. F. M. Murray,
who was associated with Mr. J. D. Knowles.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

191

The latter became manager and 1 iperated the
paper until 1903. At this time. J. D. Knowles
became editor of the Journal-Herald, the pur-
chase of the Herald having been made by Mur-
ray & Knowles. The Journal-Herald is op-
erated in an up-to-date manner and is equipped
as a modern newspaper sin mid be. It has a
Mergenthaler type-setting machine, receives
the only telegraph service by wire every after-
noon and makes its own illustrations.

After the purchase of the Herald by the
Journal Company. J. D. Knowles became the
editor and for six years has conducted that
department in an able manner. Through the
increasing influence of the paper, several Dm-
ocrats have been elected to important county
positions and at this time, the Democrats have
the mayor and the City Council. In 1908 Mr.
John H. Byrne was admitted into the firm of
The Journal-Herald and holds the position as
city editor. An eight-page daily is published,
with sixteen pages on Saturdays. The Weekly
Journal-Herald is printed on Thursdays and
contains sixteen and sometimes twenty-eight
pages. It is considered one of the best publi-
cations in Ohio from a county of its size, sin iw-
ing its able management and the confidence of
its readers and patrons.

ASHLEY NEWSPAPERS.

In 1875, a paper called the Ashley Star was
started by Washington Granger. It was short-
lived, and there was then a period of several
years when no paper was published here. The
Argus was the next local purveyor of news.
After a time it came into the possession of the
firm of Shoemaker & Coomer, who changed
the name of the publication to the Enterprise.
After running the paper about a year, they
sold it to C. B. Benedict, who sold it after a
short time to A. D. Rowe. He adopted the
name of the Ashley Times, and published it
until his death. Harry Wood then purchased
the journal and remained its proprietor and
editor until 1904. when it was sold to C. Shoe-
maker.

In 1900. Wilson C. Shoemaker, a native
of Ashley, started a paper called the Ashley
12

Star, which name he changed. 111 May, [905,
to Tri-County Star. This journal has a ci
lation of about one thousand and is independ-
ent in politics, its policy being to use all the in-
fluence it exerts in the direction of enhancing
the growth and betterment of Ashley. It is a
four-page, seven-column paper, printed en-
tirely in Ashley.

StNBURY NEWSPAPERS.

The Sunhury Enterprise was the first paper
published in that town, it was started in 1873.
and was owned by a stock company composed
of local citizens. The paper was issued 1 nice a
week, and was managed by D. M. I 'vie. He-
was to have purchased the paper and paid for
it out of the earnings of the office, but not-
withstanding that the people gave the new ven-
ture their support, it was plain at the end of
the first nine months that the manager was
not adapted to journalism, and the paper was
sold to Wayman Perfect, who changed the
name to the Spectator. The publication im-
mediately took on new life; it seemed to please
the people, and it was not long before there was
a list of 600 paid subscribers. The advertising
columns were also well patronized, and the pa-
per was a success from a financial point of
view. J. S. Watson purchased the paper in
1876, and it was successfully conducted by him
until the spring of 1871;, when he suspended
the publication in order to take advantage of
a better opening elsewhere. About 1880 a pa-
per called the Monitor was established by J. < i.
Sharpe, but we have been unable to learn any-
thing of its career or of its demise. In Max.
1889. A. R. Letts began the publication of a
Democratic paper called the Sunhury Nezvs.
It ran until the summer of 1894, when it was
suspended, and the people in that part of the
county were without a home paper until the
fall of 1894. when the Delazvare County
Nezi's-Item, a weeklv, independent paper, was
started by A. R. Letts and William F. Whit-
tier, under the firm name of Letts & Whittier.
In 1900. Mr. Whittier purchased his partner's
interest and has since conducted the paper
alone. The issues of the paper contain from

*9-

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

four to eight pages, and it now has a circula-
tion of 1,720.

The Delaware Signal, which was the first
organ of the Prohibition party in Ohio, was
started by a joint-stock company on Septem-
ber 23, 1873. T ne principal promoters of the
enterprise were Thomas Evans, Jr., Colonel
Lindsay, Dr. L. Barnes and J. W. Sharpe.
Their organization adopted the title of the
Delaware Printing and Publishing Associa-
tion. In 1872, a small paper called the Dela-
ware Prohibitionist had been started by Milton
R. Scott, and the association published this pa-
per for a short period, not more than a month
or two, until they could get in a position to
publish a paper better suited to their purpose.
The Signal was then started as a large-sized
nine-column folio, with Messrs. Sharpe, Barnes
and Lindsay as editors, and Mr. Evans as

treasurer and manager. The paper was pub-
lished at a loss until 1876, when Mr. Evans
took it off the hands of the association to pay
the debts of the concern. He abandoned his
other business interests and devoted his entire
time and energy to building up the paper, which
he continued to publish until some time in the
early 90's, as nearly as we are able to ascer-
tain. Mr. Evans reduced the size of the paper
to eight columns, and, by rigid economy, suc-
ceeded in making it pay the full expenses of
the office. Although the publication paid its
proprietor nothing for the time and labor he
bestowed upon it, it was a labor of love on his
part. The circulation of the paper grew to
large proportions for those days and for a
paper of that kind, and was accepted as the
State organ of the Prohibition party.

CHAPTER. XI.

EDUCATION (1).

Introductory — Public Schools of the City of Delaware — District Schools and Early Teachers
— St. Mary's Parochial School — Statistics — Delaware City Library — Delaware County
Historical and Archaeological Society.

The sturdy pioneers who sought religious
freedom on New England's barren shores be-
lieved education to be the handmaid of relig-
ion, and so they reared the schoolhouse along
side the village church. Only twenty-seven
years after the arrival of the Pilgrims, a law
was passed compelling every town or district
of fifty householders to maintain a common
school, and every town or district having a
population of a hundred families to have a
grammar school, presided over by teachers
capable of preparing the pupils for college.
This is the first instance recorded in history
where a civil government undertook to provide
for the education of its youth ; and the wonder-
ful progress of our nation is a continual attes-
tation to the wisdom of those who embarked
upon this experiment of a government of, by,
and for the people.

The history of education in Ohio is unique
in this respect: That in 1785, before there was
a settlement in the territory now comprised
within the State, it was provided by Congress,
in an ordinance for the survey and sale of the
western lands, that section sixteen, or one-
thirty-sixth of every township included under
the ordinance, should be reserved from sale for
the maintenance of public schools within the
township. The "Compact of 1787" declared
that "schools and the means of education shall
forever be encouraged." As a rule, the ques-
tion of providing educational facilities is an

undeveloped region are not considered until
the need actually arises and presses home
upon an established community; but here we
have the federal and future state govern-
ments both pledged in advance to provide in
some way for the support of public schools.

As these lands were at first only reserved
from sale and settlement, no steps were taken
by the territorial legislature to apply them to
the purpose for which they were set aside.
When Ohio was admitted as a State, these re-
served school lands (of which there were 740,-
000 acres) were granted to the State and
placed at the disposal of the Legislature.

The Constitution of 1802, repeating the
famous educational clause of the Ordinance of
1787, made it the duty of the Legislature to
carry out its intent. It also provided that all
schools, academies and colleges founded upon
or supported by revenues from the land grants
should be open "for the reception of scholars,
students and teachers of every grade without
any distinction or preference whatever." The
Constitution of 185 1 goes still farther, and de-
clares in plain terms that the General Assem-
bly shall provide by taxation or otherwise, "a
thorough and efficient system of common
schools throughout the State." What has the
State done in fulfillment of these constitutional
obligations which it assumed? Nearly all the
school lands were sold long ago, and those
that have not been sold are held under per-

*94

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

petual lease at an extremely low rental. The
money received from the sale of these lands
was paid into the State treasury, the Stale
pledging itself to pay six per cent, interest
thereon forever, the interest to be distributed
annually among the various townships and
districts for school purposes. As a matter of
fact, the fund itself has been borrowed and
spent by the State, and the annual interest the
State is obligated to pay is raised by taxation.
The fund is now, therefore, merely a fiction of
bookkeeping, and represents the legal and
moral obligation on the part of the people to
tax themselves a certain amount each year for
school purposes.

Having thus briefly reviewed the early pro-
visions made for the support of public schools
in Ohio, and having seen how the immensely
valuable reservations of school lands have been
practically frittered away by politicians, we
will now consider the conditions that actually
confronted the courageous pioneers who
braved the perils of wild beasts, savages and
disease to bring civilization into this wilder-
ness. Coming from New England, they
brought with them the same ideas of the value
and importance of education that were so
early formulated into the law we have already
noticed ; but in this new and unsettled coun-
try there were many obstacles to be overcome.
At first, comfortable shelter must be provided
for the family, and then land must be cleared
and crops raised to provide sustenance for man
and beast. Arduous as such work now is, it
is not to be compared with the toil of these
brave men and women of a hundred years
ago. Little time or strength, if any, was left
for study to anyone of either sex who was able
to hear any part of this burden of labor; settle-
ment-- were small and scattered: teachers were
scarce, money and hooks were scarcer and
school houses — there were none. All honor is
therefore due these sturdy and ambitious pio-
neers for the way they surmounted these dif-
ficulties, and provided for the education of
their children just as soon as there were
enough settlers in a locality to maintain a
school.

The old log schoolhouses, with their rude
furniture, have been replaced by accommoda-
tions and facilities for securing an education
that transcend the wildest dreams of the teach-
ers and pupils of those primitive days. There
are few people now left in the county who are
old enough to recall these early "temples of
learning.*' and a brief description will doubt-
less. interest the pupils of the present as well as
those of coming generations. The early schools
were not public schools in any true sense of the
word, and not free schools in any sense. Land
grants were not yet available, and school taxes
were unknown. The schoolhouses were not
built by subscription ; the neighbors would
gather at some point previously agreed upon,
and, with axe in hand, the work was soon
done. These early structures all belonged to
the log-cabin style of architecture. Thev were
fifteen to eighteen feet in width, and twenty-
four to twenty-eight feet long, with eaves
about ten feet from the ground. The chinks
between the logs were filled with clay mor^
tar. The floor was of earth, puncheons, or
smooth slabs. Puncheons were logs split and
smoothed a little with an axe or hatchet on
the flat side. To make a window, a log was
cut out. usually the entire length of the build-
ing, and the opening thus made was covered
with greased paper mounted on sticks. The
people in Marlboro township were particularly
proud of their schoolhouse, which had two
such windows, in one of which greased sheep-
skins were used instead of paper. The room,
or at least one end of it. was heated from an
immense fireplace, and it usually took most of
the time of three boys to fill its hungry maw
with logs. The furniture consisted principally
of rude benches without backs, made by split-
ting logs into halves, and mounting them, flat
side up on four stotit wooden pins about fif-
teen inches long. Just under the window, two
or three strong pins were driven into a log in
a slanting direction; on these pins a long
puncheon was fastened, which served as a
writing desk for the whole school. There was
no blackboard, and no apparatus of even the
rudest description to assist the teacher in ex-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

195

pounding the lesson. Reading, spelling, writ-
ing and arithmetic constituted the course of
study. Text-books were few. The favorite
reader, when it could be procured, was the
New Testament; Murray's reader was owned
by a few, and here and there would be found
a copy of the "Columbian Orator;" Webster's
Speller was the first used, later, the "Elemen-
tary Speller" was introduced. They learned
to "figure" from Pike's and Smiley's Arithme-
tics. When grammar was taught, which was
not often. Murray's and Kirkham's grammars
were the text-books used. These were the
books comprising the primitive outfit of the
teacher, while each pupil usually had one or
more of them. As there was hut little work
to do on the farm in mid-winter, a three
months' term was taught at that season, so
that the boys could attend. The teachers were
paid by subscription, and "hoarded around,"
the terms being from one to three dollars per
pupil for a term of three months. In those
days there was little money with which to
pay salaries, as nothing was raised to sell, and
gold and bank notes were unknown before the
War of 1 81 2.

Many peculiar characters found their way
into the teaching profession in those early days
on the frontiers of civilization. In Berkshire
T >wnship, one of the early teachers was a
man named Nathan Dustin. He was possessed
of a very fine sense of "propriety," and was
much given to lecturing his pupils on the rules
of behavior. He wanted his girls and boys to
grow up to be ladies and gentlemen. Another
interesting character who taught in Berkshire
Township was an Irishman named Lexton. He
was fond of his whiskey, which he often car-
ried to school. The use of this stimulant did
not tend to soften his naturally high temper.
Partially intoxicated, he frequently fell asleep,
and. on waking, punished at random the first
one his eyes fell upon. Such were the teach-
er- of those early days. Some set before their
pupils the example of an upright and worthy
life, while they tried to impart their own
limited store of knowledge : others, indifferent
to the influence of their example, or to the
progress of their pupils, were time-servers

only. However, such instruction as they could
give, or did give, was better than no instruc-
tion at all. Probably none of those early
teachers could measure up to the standards re-
quired of the teachers now in our schools ;
but, fortunately, the conditions of life in those
pioneer days did not call for the educational
qualifications that the boys and girls of the
rising generation must have to hold their own
in the battle of life.

Institutions which, for many decades, filled
an important place in the life of the community
were the spelling-schools, or spelling-matches,
and singing-schools. Both of these branches
of study have for many years been incorpor-
ated in the curriculum of the public schools,
and so these early institutions have passed
away; though, if the spelling of the present
generation be a criterion, it may be doubted
if the modern method of teaching spelling is
any improvement on that of a generation ago.
But these early schools were not only a means
of education, they filled a place in the social
life of the people well suited to the times, and
this combination of pleasure and study doubt-
less had much to do with the lively interest
manifested in these functions. A story used
to be told by one of the old residents of Berlin
Township, which shows the rough and ready,
if good-natured manners of those days. As is
often the case nowadays, two boys had their
hearts and attentions set upon one girl, and
both proposed to himself to escort her home.
While one of the contestants was lighting his
hickory torch at the old block-house fire-place,
his rival, who had been quicker than he, just
placed his torch in close proximity with the
other's coat-tail. Of course, there was a sudden
hurrying about to extinguish the blaze, but.
in the meantime, the shrewd incendiary had
gone off with the girl, leaving his rival to
grieve over the lacerated state of his feelings,
as well as the damaged condition of his o at-
tail.

We find that it is impossible to secure a
connected story of the schools in each township
from the earliest times down to the present
day, and we shall have to content ourselves
with a brief "dance at so much of the early

196

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

school history as we have been able to obtain
and a statement of the conditions of the
schools at the present time. To aid in compar-
ing these two periods, we have prepared a
statement (see elsewhere in this chapter)
showing the tax rate for schools, the total
expenditure for schools, the number of school-
houses, total value of school property, num-
ber of teachers and number of elementary and
high school pupils in each of the eighteen town-
ships and thirteen school districts in the county.
These figures are for 1907, except in a few
cases, which are indicated, where we were able
to secure the 1908 figures, or where the 1906
figures are the latest that can be obtained.
It is gratifying to note that, throughout the
county, progress in school matters and im-
provement in the facility for educating our
youth have kept pace with the demands of the
times.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE CITY OF DELAWARE.

In 1880 the late Prof. William G. Williams
prepared an article on the public schools of the
city of Delaware, which appears in the History
of Delaware County that was published at that
time. Prof. Williams was at that time a mem-
ber of the School Board ; he was a writer of
recognized ability ; his historical researches
were thorough, and as he then had sources of
information upon which we cannot draw at this
late day, we will quote the article referred to,
making only such changes as may lie necessary
to indicate that persons then referred to as
living are no longer with us, and to avoid con-
fusing the period in which he wrote with the
present time.

"The early settlers in Delaware were
mostly from the New England States, and were
generally educated and intelligent. They ap-
preciated the value of education for their chil-
dren ; but they were poor, and the school-
master had not yet followed them to the
wilderness. Accordingly, what book-learning
the children of the first generation got, was
imparted to them by the parents in the long
winter evenings. Sometimes, when families
were close neighbors, the children, and even

the older folks, would unite in these exercises,
under the instruction of the best scholar of
the neighborhood. Such for a number of
years, from 1808, was the educational status of
the community.

"After the village became large enough to
have day schools, and until the school law of
1825, the schools were subscription schools,
and were held in private houses. During this
time there were still but few professional
teachers. The office was mostly held by some
middle-aged person who had the physical, as
well as the intellectual ability thought to be
necessary for this work. The first teacher
whose name has been retained, and perhaps
the first actually employed;, was Pelatiah Mor-
gan. He is represented as a man of sufficient
scholarship, but of intemperate habits, and of
harsh discipline. His school dated from 1815,
and continued at intervals for several years;
but, being a private school, 'the record of its
alumni is lost.'

"About the year 181 7, Mr. Russell E. Post
had a private school in a building on Winter
Street, a short distance west of Sandusky.
Nothing further is related of this school.

In 1 82 1 Mr. James B. Weaver was the
only teacher in Delaware. He was a man
of middle age and married, and had probably-
taught before coming to Delaware. His first
schoolroom was in the upper story of a house
belonging to the Rev. Jacob Drake, where now
stands the Reid and Powell Block, but he soon
removed to the upper story of a building on
the site of the City Hall. Mr. Weaver was a
man of violent impulses, and in one of his pas-
sionate moments he fatally injured a little
pupil in his school. No prosecution followed,
but the act broke up the school and drove
the teacher from his profession and from the
town.

"In 1823 he was succeeded at the same
place by Captain Elias Murray, the son-in-law
of Colonel Moses Byxbe, original proprietor
of the town. Captain Murray was also a mid-
dle-aged man, but of kind feelings, and as in-
dulgent in his discipline as his predecessor had
been morose and rigid.

"About the same date there was an in-

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

197

stance of private tutorship that deserves men-
tion. The tutor was John A. Quitman, then
a y< ung clerk in the United States Land Office
at Delaware. His pupils were the children of
Piatt Brush, Esq., an eccentric old gentlemen,
his superior in office. Mr. Quitman subse-
quently went South, studied law. and became
noted as a politician ; and was afterwards a
distinguished general in the Mexican war, and
then governor of Mississippi.

"In 1821 Miss Sophia Moore, sister of the
late General Sidney Moore and of Emery
Moore, built the house occupied in 1880 by the
Misses Welch, on Franklin, near William
Street, for an orphans' home and school. This
was not a charity school, though undertaken
with charitable intent. Miss Moore taught this
school, including day scholars, very accept-
ably for some years, until her marriage to Mr:
Gorton.

"In 1825 Richard Murray. Esq., nephew
of Captain Murray, became associated with
Miss Moore in the conduct of her school. After
her marriage he carried it on alone for two
or three years, and then with his wife, formerly
Miss Joan Hills. Mrs. Murray was a born
teacher. When quite a young girl, in 1824-25,
she taught in Berkshire, and after her mar-
riage, in 1826-27, in Delaware, with her hus-
band. In 1833, after the death of her husband,
she resumed teaching, and taught continuously,
with short respites only, until 1868, a period of
forty-four years. A few years of this was
in the public schools of the town, but most of
the time was in her own private house on
Franklin Street. In this unpretending, but ad-
mirable school, were educated many of the
most cultivated ladies of the city.

"A little later, somewhere from 1827 to
1830. Mr. Asa Messenger, another relative of
Colonel Byxbe, taught, for two or three vears,
in the house built by Miss Moore on Franklin
Street. Mr. Messenger subsequently went
South, and afterward became an editor, in
Tuscumbia. Alabama. Nearly at the same
time, his sister. Miss Messenger, attempted to
establish a girls' seminary, and taught a few
terms, but the effort eventually failed.

"Up to this time, in the history of the
State, there had been no organic legislation on
the subject of schools. Special charters were
granted to the cities, but no adequate provision
had been made for the non-corporate parts of
the State. All the schools in Delaware, thus
far, as in the rural districts and smaller towns
elsewhere, were private and independent. The
population of the town was small, not yet
reaching 500. and most of the time, a single
school met all the educational wants of the
place. The tuition fees were very small : at
first scarcely reaching $1.50 per quarter of
thirteen weeks, and, at the last, in the case of
the best teachers, not exceeding $3.00 per quar-
ter. Nor was the pay always certain, or gener-
ally made in money. "Store pay," or "trade,"
was a very common method of balancing ac-
counts, and largely prevailed to a much later
date than this.

"Yet, even after the enactment of school
laws providing for a public system of educa-
tion, the private schools were long continued,
until the new system was in complete working
order. Of these later teachers of private
schools, the following may be mentioned as
most successful : Albert Pickett, Jr.. had a
reputable school from 1834 to 1836. He was
a son of Albert Pickett, a famous teacher in
Cincinnati, and inherited much of his father's
genius for literary work. He afterward held
office in the county, and died about 1850.

"Horatio Sherman was a professional
teacher, from the State of New York. He was
in the prime of life when he brought his family
to Delaware. Here he taught many vears. at
first in the public schools, but, in 1S40 and
afterward, a private school in his own house,
on William Street. His advertisement says:
'Young gentlemen preparing to teach, will
be particularly attended to; tuition. $2.50 or
$3.00 per quarter.' At last he was laid aside
by a failing of sight, and died, in Upper San-
dusky, about 1879.

"About 1832 two highly accomplished
ladies from Ireland. Mrs. Howison and her
sister. Miss Johnson, opened a girls' seminary
in the house of Colonel Byxbe. An extensive

198

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

course of study was marked out. Miss Meeker,
afterwards Mrs. Sprague, whose son was pro-
bate judge in 1880, assisted them in the lower
classes. But the school was not successful,
and, in a few years, was discontinued. After
the close of this school, Miss Meeker had. for
two years. 1834-36, a very popular infant
school in the town.

"The school law of 1825 established a gen-
eral system of public schools of low grade,
which were destined largely to supersede the
private schools of the same grade. But this
result could not be effected at once. The tax
which the Legislature of 1825 ventured to au-
thorize was but one-half a mill on the dollar,
one-fourteenth as much as school boards were
empowered to levy in 1880. For many years
this tax was insufficient to maintain the district
schools for the requisite time — rarely for more
than two quarters of the year.

"The schools had an average enrollment of
about sixty pupils, of both sexes, and were un-
graded as to age or attainments. The teacher's
work was hard, and his pay light, being about
$20 per month. This was drawn from the
public funds as long as the money held out.
When this was exhausted, voluntary subscrip-
tions enabled the directors to continue the pub-
lic school another term; or the building was
granted, free of rent, to the teacher for a pri-
vate school, for the remainder of the school
year.

"Under this law, the first public school
buildings in Delaware were erected. One was
a stone building at the corner of Franklin and
\\ inter Streets, on the lot occupied in 1908
by the Jane M. Case Memorial Hospital. An-
other was a small frame house, also on Frank-
lin Street, at the northwest corner of the Court-
house lot.

"Miss Eliza T. Thompson, afterward Mrs.
William Carson, was the first lady that taught
a district school in Delaware. The school was
in the stone school house for the winter. The
next summer she had a select school in the
same house. Among her pupils were Ruther-
ford B. Hayes and his sister Fannie.

"Some of the teachers ahead) mentioned
taught in the newly organized district schools;

but it is impossible to name all who from this
time forward helped to train the youth of Dela-
ware in the paths of learning and of virtue.

"As only primary or ungraded schools
could be organized under the law, the wants
of the community were not yet all met. Indi-
vidual attempts to establish a seminary of a
higher grade having failed, a number of pub-
lic-spirited citizens, among whom were M. D.
Pettibone, Sherman Finch and others, at length
combined in 1834, to build up such a school
for the beter education of their children. The
attempt resulted in the erection of the Dele-
ware Academy. It was a large frame build-
ing two stories high, beautifully located on
Hill Street, in South Delaware, at that time
"out of town.' In this building there was a
succession of teachers, among whom were Giles
M. Porter ( 1838-40). Rev. James McElroy,
George S. Lee, Miss L. A. Emerson, after-
ward Mrs. Porter (1840), R. E. Rice, B. A.
(1840), and Flavel A. Dickinson, a recent
graduate of Yale College (1841). The tuition
fee was $5 per term for languages; $4.50 for
higher English, and $4 for elementary studies.
But, laudable as was the attempt, excellent and
expensive as was the instruction, the time fi >r
these things was not yet, and the Academy
was a failure. It not only paid no interest ti <
the stockholders; it could not support the teach-
ers. The building long stood empty, then
passed into other hands for a ladies' school.
and finally was sold to the City School Board,
and was occupied for some years as one of the
ward schools. It was torn down in 1879.

"In the year 1847. the Legislature felt
strong enough to take an advanced step in
school matters; and the law was so improved
as to permit the establishment of Union school,
with graded classes. This is what is popularly
known as the "Akron Law." The town of
Delaware was for this purpose made into one
district, and the old Methodist Church at the
corner of William and Franklin Streets, was
bought by the School Hoard, and reconstructed
into suitable schoolrooms; those below for the
boys, and those above for the girls. Whether
this separation of the sexes was an advanced
step, we need not pause to discuss, as it was

m x K

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

201

soon abandoned, and both sexes again nni'ted
in the same rooms and recitations.

"The first members of the Board of Di-
rectors under the new law were Sherman
Finch, Israel Breyfogle and Stephen W. Little,
and the first superintendent was Lucius P.
Marsh, a young man from the State of New
York> then twenty-four years of age. His
salary was fixed at $40 per month. The girls
were placed under the special care of Mrs.
Murray at $25 per month. Their assistants
were Mr. A. R. Gould, Mrs. Dr. Rowland
anil Misses Renette Brown, Charlotte Wash-
burn and Jennette Sherman. The salaries of
the young ladies were $13 per month. After
two years of service, Mr. Marsh, upon being
refused an increase of salary, resigned his
place and began the practice of law. * * *
In like manner, Mrs. Murray was retired from
service in these schools, after a tenure of five
years. Her salary was reduced to $20 per
month, whereupon she immediately opened a
private school, from which she realized over
$50 per month for many years. These meager
salaries were adjusted by the amount at the
command of the Board. The funds were suffi-
cient to sustain the schools for only seven
months; and a private subscription was raised
to continue the schools for the normal period
of nine months. When the income of the
Board had grown larger, the usage of having
a long vacation in the summer had become
fixed, and the schools are held even yet ( 1880)
for but about thirty-six weeks.

"Before the adoption of the school law.
any person, however incompetent, might take
up the office and the ferule of teacher ; and
often, no doubt, the office was thus filled by
persons wholly unworthy. Such persons
might, indeed, even now, intrude themselves
into the calling of teacher, if they could find
private patronage. But the State common
schools are so excellent, so satisfactory to the
people at large, that private tuition has almost
ceased, except in denominational or expensive
select schools. This is owing to the legal
exclusion of unfit teachers. No one is permitted
to teach in the public schools, or draw pa}
therefor, who has not been examined both for
schi ilarship and moral character. The first

Board of Examiners in Delaware County,
under the State law. was composed oi Solo-
mon Smith, Esq., Dr. Eleazar Copeland and
Dr. Silas C. McClary. These were appointed
by the Court of Common Pleas. The county
owes much to these worthy gentlemen and
their successors for their faithfulness in keep-
ing out of the schools the dissipated and the
ignorant. Among those subsequently appointed
were Drs. N. Spalding and Ralph Hills ; Rich-
ard Murray, Sherman Finch, David T. Fuller.
Cooper K. Watson and Homer M. Carper.
Esqs: Revs. William L. Harris. James
McEIroy. Prof. William G. Williams," Rev.
James S. Campbell and John Ufford. * * *
All the teachers in the city of Delaware as
well as in the county at large, passed this
Board; but in 1878, a City Board of Examin-
ers was appointed, before whom the city teach-
ers are examined with more care and on more
subjects than are required on the County
Board.

"In the Central Building, though ill suited
to academic uses, the schools of the town were
held for a period of about ten years from
[847. The records of the Board during the
first part of this time have been lost, and the
names and dates of service of the teachers can-
not all now be recalled. Of those who taugfht
during the later years, we give the names of
Mr. John W. Hyatt, who was appointed prin-
cipal, in 1856, at a salary of $60 per month.
He served one year, and then went into busi-
ness in Toledo. * * * After him. Wil-
liam F. Whitlock served one year, while car-
rying on his studies at the University. He is
now Latin professor in the University.

* *' As the town grew, and the enroll-
ment of pupils gradually increased, one or two
1 ither houses were occupied as schools. At
length, the limited accommodations at the Cen-
tral Building compelled the Board to seek new
quarters. In 1859 they bought a large lol 1 E
the Little estate, at the west end of William
Street, on which they erected a building; of
six rooms, larger and better adapted to school
uses.

"A better organization, and a uniform
course of study, was now deemed desirable.
To this end, uniform and efficient supervision

202

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

seemed essential; and William Carter, in 1862,
was appointed superintendent, at a salary of
$700, which was soon raised to $1,000. He
brought the schools into a very good degree
of efficiency. To provide for the increased at-
tendance, the Board bought for $2,000, the
old academy building in South Delaware, and
opened there two new rooms, which soon grew
into four. After three years' service, Air. Car-
ter resigned for a more lucrative calling. His
successor was Rev. James S. Campl>ell, who
entered upon the duty in 1865 [and held the
position until his death. February 28, 1891].
His salary was fixed at $1,000 per annum.
but the next year it was raised to $1,200."
Later it was raised to $1,600. "Ten other
teachers were appointed at the same time, all
ladies, with pay from $35 to $45 per month.
The assessment for the support of the schools
was four mills on the dollar.

"The growth of the town during the pros-
perous years after the war. was such that the
Board of Education was compelled, in rapid
succession, to double the accommodations of
the schools. In i86g, a new school house of
four rooms was built in North Delaware; in
1870, a house with the same number of rooms,
but larger, was built in East Delaware : in
1875, a yet larger building of six rooms was
erected in South Delaware, and a year or two
later, two rooms were added to the Central
school house, and two more to the school in
East Delaware. By a judicious economy, these
improvements were all effected without the
creation of a debt, and with hut small increase
in the rate of taxation. In the last ten years
( 1870-80) the annual levy has but once reached
the limit of seven mills on the dollar, author-
ized by law; two years it was six mills, four
years it was five mills, and, for the last three
years (to 1880) it has ranged from three to
four mills. The enumeration of youth of a
legal school age is now (1880) 2.300; the
number of teachers appointed in 1879-80 was
twenty-five; and the aggregate salaries paid to
them are $10,500; and the incidental expenses
of the schools are about $3,000 more.

"The course of study is so arranged that
pupils leaving the school at the age of twelve.

are able to read and write well, have an under-
standing of the fundamental principles of arith-
metic, and a general knowledge of geography,
esentially that of their own country. Those
who stay to complete the entire course, ex-
tending through eight years, get a very good
general preparation for business, or for en-
trance upon college studies. Graduates of the
High School are prepared for the freshman
class in colleges, with the exception of Greek.
"Among a free people, the thirst for knowl-
edge and culture is unquenchable; if not satis-
fied in one direction, it will seek to be slaked
in another. In the earlier years of this town
the educational and literary cravings of the
community were just as marked as they have
shown themselves since, but the opportunities
for indulging them were not the same as now.
In the absence of public reading-rooms, schools,
libraries, and newspapers, a tribune for public
discussion was a pleasant and profitable form
of entertainment and means of cultivation.
Such was found in the 'Delaware Lyceum."
an organization formed by the young men. but
largely attended by all classes of citizens. Of
the date of its organization, and the length
of its career, the writer has no information,
but, as showing the character of its meetings,
the grave and practical matters discussed, the
fallowing illustrations may be given. The
notices are from the Olentangy Gazette; and
the meetings were held in the Thespian Hall,
an upper chamber in the range of public build-
ings on the Court-house plaza. This name
indicates that the hall was originally designed
for entertainments of a musical and dramatic
character.

"'Monday evening, February 1, 1841.
a public discussion is appointed on the
following resolution: 'Resolved, That
the right of suffrage should be extended
to females.' Advocates, S. Dunham, P.
Bunker. T. A. Barnes; Respondents. R.
Hills, T. C, Tones. R. E. Rice.

" T. Ranney. Secretary.' "

"From the names here and following, it
seems, as might be expected, that the legal

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

203

profession was most largely represented. All
these gentlemen were lawyers or law-students,
except Bunker, Sheriff; Hills, physician; and
Rice, teacher.

"Feh. 15. — 'Resolved, That the youth
of the country should be educated at pub-
lic expense.' Advocates, T. W. Powell,
F. Horr, R. Hills; Respondents, D. T.
Fuller, I. Ranney, P. Bunker."

"Feb. 22. — 'Resolved, That capital
punishment ought to be abolished." Ad-
vocates, T. C. Jones, J. A. Barnes; Re-
spondents, R. E. Rice, P. Bunker."

".March 25. — 'Resolved, That the
right of suffrage ought to be extended to
females.' Advocates, P. Bunker, T. C.
lones; Respondents, I. Ranney, R.

Hills."

"Evidently this was a question of unusual
interest. The discussion six weeks before had
aparently not settled the matter in debate; but
it had at least wrought conviction and con-
version in the mind of one of the champions ;
and he now appears in arms in the opposite
camp. How the great debate at last termi-
nated, the muse of history has not recorded,
but the renewed struggle on this question in
the Ohio Legislature, in this year of grace,
1880, too plainly declares that the vote upon
the occasion should have been put on record
for the information and guidance of succeed-
ing generations.

"July 12. — 'Resolved, That the legal
rights of women should not be impaired
by marriage.' Advocates, T. C. Jones. I.
Ranney. Respondents, P. Bunker, G. T.
Solace."

"With this notice our extracts must close,
but we need not doubt that the discussion of
such questions by thoughtful and earnest men.
and that listening to such discussions by the
reflecting part of the community, must have
done as much in directing and molding the

thought as the more recent lecture system.

"In regard to popular lectures, this com-
munity has been specially favored. For
eral years, a citizens' lecture association ex-
isted, and was the means of introducing many
distinguished men and women to Delaware
audiences. These lectures have generally paid
well, but the large number of excellent ad-
dresses and lectures delivered annually at the
University, and free to all listeners, has had a
tendency, in recent years, to make a Delaware
audience content to pay for nothing inferior to
the best. So what has been made matter of
complaint against Delaware, is, in reality, when
rightly understood, complimentary to the in-
telligence and taste of her people. This is a
lecture-going community, but it goes to hear
only first-class lectures."

The following notes regarding several of
the early schools is quoted from an article
entitled, "Pioneer Institutions of Learning."
which was contributed to the Western Col-
legian by Dr. Ralph Hills.

"The Morgan Academy or High School,
was number one of the pioneer institutions.
Its first name was derived from the name of
its principal preceptor, and the second from
its location in the upper story of the house it
was in. This was our old acquaintance, the
Pioneer Tavern, near the Medicine Water.
Soon after the War of 181 2, this tavern gave
up the ghost — as a tavern — and its spacious
ballroom was used for a high school. It had
in part, also, the character of a boarding-
school, for it is remembered that a family lived
in the other part of the old tavern, who kept
boarders, etc. * * * The Morgan High
School was only of a few years' duration. It
was conducted on the Solomonian principles.
now so thoroughly obsolete that few under-
stand them. The record of its alumni is

lost.

"The Female Seminary, the next institu-
tion, was a pioneer of the "O. W. F. C." —
but was located on our campus, in the old
Haunted House — the old brick tannery. This
was in charge of a lady principal for some
two or three vears. and we are inclined to the
opinion that it was mainly for that reason that

204

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

it was termed the ladies' seminary, for, accord-
ing to most reliable traditions, it had about the
usual admixture of the sexes.

'"Quitman's Academic Grove was an insti-
tution that received its name from the proprie-
tor, president, preceptor, etc.. all in the person
of John A. Quitman, afterward governor of
Mississippi, major-general in the Mexican
War, and also from its being in the actual
grove, with its fallen log seats, its tree columns,
festooned with their wild-grape hangings, and
having the clear canopy of heaven above

* * The exact location of Quitman's
Academic Grove was on the promontory of high
ground running off south of the present library
building. Here was a cosy little opening in
the dense woods around, with a little of sun
and plenty of shade, as season required. It was
here that young Quitman took his pupils, the
sons of a queer, eccentric old gentleman, when-
ever they could stealthily get there, for they
were closely housed in town by the old gentle-
man, and only got out for exercise, and when
the old man went along, he and the tutor
headed the column, marched off a mile or so
'l wti the dusty road, and then returned to their
prison-like house."

The city of Delaware now has five fine
public school buildings. The west building,
which was completed in 1904. is notable is be-
ing one of four such bulidings that have thus
far been erected in this country, ail t he class-
ic oms being lighted exclusively from the left.
This idea originated in Germany. The theory
is, that if rays of light enter a room from
two or more directions, they collide, and the
interruption thus caused in the waves produces
vibrations injurious to the nerves of the eye.
The building contains twelve rooms and a base-
ment which is a full story in height. This
building cost, including furnishings. K42.800.
A new addition to the High School building
is nearly completed, the dimensions of which
are ninety-two feet from east to vvesl l>v sixty-
twi 1 feet fn >m n< irth 1. 1 si uttli ; it is twi 1 and one-
half stories high, and when completed will cost
over $20,000. Besides gymnasium and two
locker-rooms in the basement, it will have four

classrooms on the first floor and superintend-
ent's offices; on the second floor it will have
one classroom, and a combined study-room and
auditorium. As an auditorium, this room will
have a seating capacity of 700. On this floor
there will also be a teachers' rest-room. With
the rooms in this new building, there will be a
total of fifteen classrooms in the High School.
The last census, in April, 1907, showed 2,626
children of school age in Delaware. There
are now (March, 1908) a total of forty-eight
teachers on the pay-roll of Delaware, which
amounts to $2,691.74 per month.

DISTRICT SCHOOLS AND EARLY TEACHERS.

No authentic record can be found of who
taught the first school in the county or where
it was located. The fact is. that schools were
started in several of the early settlements about
the same time, and within a very few years
after the first settlers came to the county.

There were settlements at three different
points in Berkshire Townshit; a school was
started as soon as practicable in. each one, but
it is impossible to say which was the oldest.
The first school house at Berkshire Corners
was built on the east side of the street, about
thirty yards south of the Granville Road. The
first two teachers. Miss Clara Thompson and
.Miss Cynthia Sloper, came from Worthington.
Four local teachers came next, the first of
whom was Solomon Smith. He was followed
by Adonijah Rice, who also kept the first tav-
ern at the Corners and was the first postmaster.
A man named Jones and Sophronia Brown
were the next teacher c . Tb^ first definite date
we are able to find is 18 10. in which veai" Maria
Denton taught a school of ten pupils in a log
cabin near the farm at one time owned by lion.
Ezekiel Brown. The history of the first school
house and teacher at Sunburv is shrouded in
the mists of years. A hewed-log school house
stood for many years on the southwest corner
of the square as one of the oldest landmarks
of that section. Among the names of the early
tochers we find Julia Strong and Nathan
Dustin, to the latter of whom we have already
referred in this chapter.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

20 =

The establishment of Berkshire Academy
at the Corners during the winter of 1840-41,
was the first attempt to provide more advanced
instruction. The institution was chartered,
and the shares sold at ten dollars each. The
money secured in this way was expended in the
erection of a small frame building, which cost
$300.00 or 84110.00. The first term was held the
following winter, with an attendance of about
thirty students under the instruction of G. S.
Bailey, a teacher from Oberlin. The Academy
was maintained for about fifteen years, but was
finally closed for lack of support. Later the
building was used for a dwelling. The good
influence of the Academy upon its patrons and
the township at large cannot be estimated. A
large number of the young men and women
trained within its walls achieved more than or-
dinary distinction : One became a governor, an-
other a congressman, and another gained for
herself an enviable position as a lecturer in
the temperance and anti-slavery movements.
Until this school year ( 1907-08) there
were seven district schools in the township :
one of these is now suspended. In 1871 the
first brick school house was built at a cost of
$1,000. This was in District Xo. 1. Two
years later another school house somewhat like
it was erected in District Xo. 2, at a cost of
$900. Similar schools have been built in the
other districts.

Sunbury and Galena are special school
districts which were organized in 1868. The
school building at Sunbury was built in 1878
at a cost of $5,000. and at that time was the
finest school building in the county outside of
Delaware. Sunbury has one of the three first-
grade high schools in Delaware Count}'.
Galena has one of the four second-grade high
schools in the county. This was established in
1903. The graduating class of 1908 numbers
fifteen, the largest in the history of the school.
The statistics of these schools will be found
in the table accompanying this chapter.

Berlix Township. The first school in this
township was taught by Joseph Eaton. The
cabin in which be gathered the youthful as-
pirants for knowledge, stood on the west side
of Alum Creek, a little less than a mile north

of the old Baptist Church. In 1810 Lucy
Caulkins. who later became .Mrs. Ripley, and
often is referred to by the name of Jul:
gan to teach the second school. A cabin stand-
ing near the old block-house served as her
school room. The first structure erected es-
pecially for school purposes stood on a ridge
of land just south of the block-house. This
was one of the rudest of that type which we
have described in this chapter, and was used
but little. Another school was taught in a
cabin near where the bridge on the Delaware
and Sunbury pike crosses Alum Creek. Later,
the block-house., which is referred to in the
chapter devoted to the military history of the
county, when it was no longer needed for de-
fence, was used both as a school and church,
and was far more comfortable than most of the
structures used in that day for such purposes.
As early as 181 1 Prof. Burr held sway in that
"temple of learning."

In 1818 there were about 100 pupils in
the township, and four school houses: One
opposite the Presbyterian Church, south of
Cheshire; one in what is known as the Dun-
ham settlement and one in the Eaton neigh-
borhood, both of these being in the northeast
part of the township, and the fourth school
house was located in the northwest quarter.
One of the early teachers in Berlin Township
was an old Revolutionary soldier by the name
of Pelatiah Morgan. He taught in the school
house south of Cheshire, and had for his in-
separable companion a wooden bottle of whis-
key, which, tradition says, received fully as
much attention as did his pupils. In 1826 this
structure was replaced by a brick school house.
in which Joseph P. Smith was the first teacher.
In 1S37 the enumeration showed 340 pupils;
in 1858, 530. Our table shows that there are
now j 12 pupils in the schools. There were
seven school houses in 1837; thirteen in 1853,
and ten at the present time.

Brown Township's first school house was
built north of the cemetery at Eden, or Alum
Creek settlement, as it was called at that time.
David Eaton was the first teacher, and he was
succeeded by Anthony Griffith. It was not un-
til 1840 that a school house was erected at

206

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Eden. Brown Township now has seven school
houses and 114 pupils, and Eden School Dis-
trict has one school house and thirty-three
pupils.

Concord Township. The first school in
this township was taught in the home of James
Kooken, the founder of Bellepoint. The name
of the pioneer teacher long ago passed from
memory. Later Mr. Kooken donated an old
granary, which was made to serve the double
purpose of school house and church. Some
time after this, one of the early citizens, Henry
Cryder, built himself a new house, and gave
his old home for school purposes. It was here
that John Wilson, who was the first teacher
of whom we have knowledge, held forth.
Money to pay him was raised by subscription
at the rate of $2.50 per pupil. He was not
much of a teacher, but doubtless was better
than none. His habits were not such as would
have recommended him at a later time for
membership in the Sons of Temperance. He
often fell into a drunken sleep in the school
room, on which occasions the irreverent boys
would shoot their pop-guns at him. John C.
Cannon, who taught a school at Bellepoint in
1835, was a similar character. He died in an
unused cabin in the neighborhood, of exposure,
resulting from protracted dissipation. That
the youth of those days learned anything at all
is a wonder, and that they were not corrupted
by such evil examples shows the fine moral
fiber of which that generation was made. To-
day, this township is not one whit behind the
foremost communities in educational matters.
It maintains a high school of the third grade
at Bellepoint, and is one of the two townships
in Delaware County that has a township super-
intendent of schools.

Genoa Township. The first school house
in this township was built in 1841 on the farm
of Ralph Smith. Lawson Gooding was the
first teacher here. The first school house on
"Yankee Street" occupied a site on land owned
by Marcus Curtiss, and here Sanford Bennett
was the first to wield the rod and teach the
three R's. The time and opportunity for the
pursuit of even these elementary studies were
so limited in those days that going to school

was treated as serious business, and the young
men and young women applied themselves
with diligence to their mental tasks. It may
be interesting to some to compare these sta-
tistics for the school year 1878-79 with those
shown on our table. Tax Rate, .0039 ; total
expenditures. $1,803; number of schoolhouses,
9; total value of school property, $4,500;
number of teachers, 9; number of pupils.

3°5-

Harlem Township. David Gregory, a
brainy man from Berkshire, was the first
teacher here of whom we have any record.
He became a prominent citizen of this county,
serving as justice of the peace, county commis-
sioner, member of the Legislature in 1848, di-
rector of the State Prison at Columbus. He
was a man of much more than ordinary ability.
The first school house was erected on the site
of Harlem chapel. The statistics for 1907
show that Harlem Township is holding its
own in the educational advancement of the
present day. It has, at Centerville, a third-
grade high school, and is one of the two town-
ships in this county that provides township
supervision of schools.

Kingston Township. There is no rec-
ord to show just when the first school house
was built in this township, but it was probably
about the year 1820. This was known as the
Curtis school house, from the owner of the
farm on which it was built, on Little Walnut
Creek, about a mile from the southern bound-
ary of the township. School House No. 4
now occupies the same site. Miss Eliza String
was the first teacher here. The next school
house was built on the cross road, about a mile
west of Olive Green. Those who attended this
school were especially favored in having for
their teacher, James Wheeler, a young man of
about twenty-one .years of age, who was well
educated for those days, and whose mental
ability and high moral principles won the
esteem of everybody. He afterwards became
a Methodist clergyman. The third school
house was built in what became known as the
Virginia School District. These schools, like
all others of that day, were maintained by pri-
vate subscription, but in school affairs Kings-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

207

ton Township kept in step with the march of
progress, and in due time inaugurated a pub-
lic school system suited to the demands of
the times.

Liberty Township. It was not long after
the first settlement was made in this township
that the first school was started. It was taught
by Mis- Lucy Carpenter (who afterwards mar-
ried James Swiniton), a daughter of the ori-
ginal settler, Capt. Nathan Carpenter. She
used for her school-room the log cabin her
father had erected to provide shelter during
their first summer. Among the early teachers
in this township was a native of the Emerald
Isle, named Haligan. Besides elementary
schools that are second to none. Liberty Town-
ship now has a high school of the third grade
at Powell, and outside the city of Delaware,
Ashley is the only place in the county, the value
of whose school property exceeds that of
Liberty Township.

Marlborough Towxship. Robert Lou-
ther was the pioneer teacher in this township,
and the scene of his labors was a small log
school house east of the Olentangy River from
Norton. John Milliken, from South Carolina,
taught in a log school house a quarter of a
mile north of Norton. This is the school house
referred to on a preceding" page as having a
greased sheepskin window. Beyond the most
elementary rudiments of learning, it was not
thought necessary to go in those early days,
and the acquirement of knowledge was neces-
sarily subordinated to the acquirement of the
means of subsistence. The value of a record
of educational matters to coming generations
probably never entered the minds of these
frontiersmen, and this accounts for the meager-
ness of our information regarding these pio-
neer days. The present status of the schools
in Marlborough Township is indicated in our
table.

Orange Township. In 181 5. eight years
after the first settler took up his abode in this
township, Jane Mather, the daughter of an
early settler and the widow of a soldier of the
War of 1812, opened the first school. This
was the beginning of District No. 1. The
cabin of one of the pioneers, John YVimsett.

served as a school house. Later, as the set-
tlement grew, a log school house was built on
the east side of the State Road, not far from
Wimsett's cabin. Most of the school-books
used at this time were brought from the East
by the mothers who foresaw the need they
would supply in the wilderness, and as may be
imagined, they constituted a motley collection.
In 1827 this old school house was destroyed
by fire, and was replaced by a hewed-log struc-
ture fitted with windows, and with such other
improvements in its furnishing as were pos-
sible to provide. In 1822 Chester Campbell
taught a school in the northeastern part of the
township, and in 1825, a Mr. Curtis taught a
singing-school here. Somewhere about 1850.
a frame school house was erected in this neigh-
borhood. The first brick school house in the
township was built in 1868 in District No. 4.
at a cost of about $1,000. For many years
Lewis Center has been a special school district.
The 1907 statistics for both township and Lewis
Center will be found in the table accompany-
ing this chapter.

Oxford Township and Ashley Special
School District. It was not until 1826 that
the first school house was built in this town-
ship. Its location has long been a matter of
dispute, and at this late date we do not feel
like passing a judgment on the insufficient
and conflicting evidence at our command. Rev.
Levi Phelps, a Baptist preacher, was the first
teacher. The structure was of the log-cabin
type, common to those days, 18 x 22 feet in di-
mensions. About that time, another school
house of the same kind was erected a short
distance south of Windsor Corners. After a
few years a hewed-log cabin replaced the first
structure, and later, when the times required
and facilities permitted, it was replaced by a
frame building, which was used until the
Methodist Church purchased the property. As
is shown by our table, there are five district
schools in the township. Ashley was incor-
porated as a village in 1855, and seven years
later, a special school district was formed of
the village and a number of adjoining farms.
A new school house containing two rooms was
built. This met the requirements until 1877.

20S

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

when it became necessary to provide increased
accommodations, and a fine two-story school
house, with four commodious rooms was
erected, in 1901 it again became necessary
to have more room, and two rooms were added,
at a cost of $3,000. The valuation of school
property in this district is the largest in the
county, outside of the city of Delaware. It
has a well selected school library of 500
vi ilumes, and laboratory apparatus worth about
$150.

Porter Township. The "Block School-
house," as the first "temple of learning" in this
township was called, was built in 1825 where
Sugar Creek empties into Big Walnut Creek.
William Wolfe, who took his pay. or part
of it. in dried apples, was the first teacher.
A pretty little romance in connection with him
has floated, on the wings of tradition down to
the present time, and we give it as illustrating
the directness of the people of those days in
their personal relations. Delaware, fifteen
miles away, was the nearest point at which
Mr. Wolfe could dispose of his apples, and
as he had no horse, he was compelled to carry
the fruit to market on his back. On the first
dav out, about noon, having reached a little
settlement, he stopped at a small cabin and
asked for dinner and the privilege of resting.
His hostess, a stranger to him. proved to be a
charming widow, who refused to accept any
remuneration for her hospitality. On his
homeward journey, on the following dav. Mr.
Wolf stopped again at the little cabin, and as
he was leaving the place, informed the kind
lady that it would lie necessary for him to
make another trip to Delaware to sell the bal-
ance of his apples. He said he would call
again, and that unless on that occasion she
o msented to become his wife, he would con-
sider himself of all men most miserable, and
that she must have a positive answer for him
upon his return. The next time she saw him
she told him she couldn't say 110. It is slid
they were soon married and lived happy ever
after. There are now nine excellent school
houses in this township, and in the matter of
providing for the education of their youth, the

citizens of Porter Township are fully abreast if
the times.

Radnor Township and School Dis-
trict. The following record of the early his-
tory of the schools in Radnor was con-
tributed by Rev. B. W. Chidlaw to
the old County History, and we quote
it because we believe he was the best
authority of his time and had access to
information that is not now available. "The
pioneers of Radnor were the friends of edu-
cation, and when their children became of
suitable age, they united together, built a log-
cabin school house, and employed a teacher.
No record or tradition points out the spot on
which the cabin school house was built, nor
by whom the first school was taught. Before
the day of the school laws in Ohio, the people
of Radnor were a law until themselves, and
educational interests were cherished accord-
ingly. In 1821 there were three log school
houses in the township — one on the farm of
John Phillips in the southern part, another on
the farm of Ralph Dildine, in the center, and
another, in the northern part, near where the
old block-house stood on the farm of Benja-
min Kepler. The school term embraced three
or four months during the inclement season.
The teachers received from $9 to $12 a month,
and boarded around. Their pay was largely
in trade, produce, and goods manufactured
with the help of the spinning-wheel and the do-
mestic loom in the skillful hands of the nv others
and daughters that honored and blessed the
early homes of Radnor.

One of the early teachers who taught about
[818 was Roger Penry, a native of South
Wales. He was a fair scholar, especially in
arithmetic and grammar, and in general knowl-
edge. He was in advance of the age, therefore
his services among the youth of Radnor were
not fully appreciated. Small scholars, both as
it regards age and proficiency in letters, were
not his delight. But his disciples in Pike's
Arithmetic and Murray's Grammar were
greatly benefited by his instruction. Another
contemporary was Christopher Moore, whose
specialties in teaching were orthography and

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

209

chirography, and in these branches of learn-
ing he was a genuine enthusiast. In Webster's
spelling-book he was at home, and in writing
copies he was unexcelled. His spelling-schools
and matches were always great occasions, and
attracted crowded houses. Gathered on a win-
ter evening on the puncheon floor of the log
school house. Master Moore with a radiant
face, comfortably seated on his three-legged
stool, and his scholars on split-log benches;
with the blazing light of a capacious and well-
filled fire-place, the work of the evening would
commence. The master knew the text-book
by heart : with closed eyes, smiling face, and
quick ear he gave out the words. It required
about four hours to spell from "ba-ker" through
the hard words in the pictures and the solid
columns of proper names at the end of the
book. In a word, the earnest, interested
teacher had scholars like-minded ; spelling was
a great business, and enchained the attention
of all concerned."

Since the foregoing was originally written,
a room has been added to the school house in
Radnor Village, at a cost of $1,260. In 1907
a second-grade high school was established at
the village. The southwestern part of the
township is now in the Eagleville Special
School District.

Scioto Township. Besides the township's
distict schools, there are in Scioto the special
school districts of Ostrander and Warrens-
burg. The northeastern corner of the town-
ship is included within the Eagleville Special
School District, and the southwestern corner
of the township is included in the Jerome
Special School District, most of which is in
Union County. But little is known of the his-
h tv of the schools of this township from the
time of its settlement until a comparatively
recent date. A Mrs. Xidy taught the first
school in the Scioto settlement, a rude hut,
once owned and used by James McCune as a
cattle-shed, serving for her school-room. For
many years Ostrander has had a commodious
brick school house, which provides accommoda-
tions for the elementary and high schools.
The high school, which is of the second grade,
is one of the oldest in the county. Warrens-

burg also has a second-grade high schi i< >]. which
was established in 1894.

Thompson Township. James Crawford
was the first school teacher here, and the scene
of his labors, a small and uncomfortable
hewed-log cabin on Fulton's Creek. At that
time, this was the only school house in the
township. As the township became more
thickly settled, the educational facilities were
improved. As some may be interested in mak-
ing a comparison with present conditions, as
shown in our table, we give the figures for
1879. Total expenditures for schools, $1,-
858.02 ; number of school houses, 8 ; total value
of school property, $2,200: number of teachers,
8; number of pupils, 180. At present the
southeastern corner of the township is included
in the Eagleville Special School District :
Special District No. 1, also known as the
"Thompson Chapel School," is at the south-
west corner of the river road and "Smoky
Row." These new districts, which have their
own statistics, should be taken into considera-
tion in making a comparison with former
days.

Trenton Township. The first school
house in this township was located near the
Big Walnut, about eighteen rods north of the
bridge on the Mount Vernon Road. A man
named Good taught the first winter school,
and the first summer term was taught by
Clarissa Sturdevant. Like others of their
day, these were subscription schools. For the
purpose of comparison, the following statis-
tics for the school year 187K-7C) may be of in-
terest. These are for the entire township, the
special school district of Trenton not having
been set off at that time. Expenditures. $1,-
429.05: number of school houses. 7: value of
school property, $3,200: average daily attend-
ance. 195.

Troy Township. The year 1814 marks
the beginning of the history of education in
this township. The first pedagogue was Miss
Electa Wilcox, who taught for several winters
in a cabin that stood in a sugar-maple grove,
and had been used as a sugar camp by Joseph
Cole, one of the earliest settlers in the town-
ship. As soon as they were able, the settlers

210

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

subscribed for and built a log school house of
the type common in those days. The progress
in educational matters since that time is shown
by the following statistics for the school year
1878-79 and the table of figures which we have
prepared from present figures: Total ex-
penditures, $1,624.39; number of school
houses, 8; value of school property, $3,200;
average daily attendance, 152. Of the eight
school houses now in the township, seven are
brick, and one is a frame structure; four were
built in 1883, at a cost of $1,400 each. Troy
Township has the honor of being the first town-
ship in the county to have its funds on de-
posit drawing interest for the benefit of the
township.

There has been a steady growth in the way
of more thorough preparation of the teacher
for his work. A fair idea of the development
of the public sentiment of Ohio in regard tc
the professional preparation of the teacher for
his work can be gained by a glance at the in-
crease in the requirements for teachers' certifi-
cates since 1852. Prior to that time, teachers
were examined in reading, writing, arithmetic
and spelling. In 1852 the Legislature passed
an act requiring teachers to be examined in
grammar and geography in addition to the
branches just mentioned. In 1882 history was
made a required branch of common school
study, and in 1888 physiology and hygiene
were required on teachers' certificates. In
1897 civics was required in connection with
the study of United States history, and teach-
ers were required to pass an examination in
both these subjects. In 1904 a law was passed
requiring teachers to be examined in English
and American literature, so that of the ten
branches of study in which teachers must now
pass an examination in order to secure an ele-
mentary certificate, six have been added since
1852. Teachers are also required to pass a
rigid examination in theory and practice in
order to obtain a certificate of any grade. Dur-
ing these years there has also been an increase
in the severity of the tests, so that an examina-
tion in a given branch of study today is far
more searching than it was even a few years
ago.

Formerly each separate board of examin-
ers prepared its own list of questions, and the
scope of the questions depended largely upon
the point of view of the examiners; today, all
the questions used in the eighty-eight counties
of Ohio are prepared by the State school com-
missioner, and are uniform throughout the
State. The scope of the questions is broader;
technical and catch questions have been largely
eliminated.

In general, the teachers of Delaware County
are up to the spiric of the times in point of
scholarship and other attainments, and com-
pare favorably with the teachers of any other
county in the State.

In 1904, a minimum salary law was passed,
providing that no teacher should be employed
for less than $40 per month, and fixing the
school year at not less than thirty-two weeks
nor more than forty weeks. This law effected
an increase in the wages of the rural teachers
of from five to ten dollars per month, though a
few of the townships were already paying the
minimum of $40 a month. One or two town-
ships have, since the passage of the law in
question, paid salaries exceeding the required
amount. While the requirements of teachers
have been more than doubled during the last
few years, the increase in their remunerate m
has not been more than twenty per cent. Prior
to the passage of the minimum salary law,
many of the brightest young male teachers in
the county were compelled to seek more re-
munerative work in other lines; but within the
last year or two, the tide has turned, and the
number of young men who are fitting them-
selves for the work of the schoolroom is in-
creasing.

In 1890 what has since been called the
"Boxwell" law was passed by the General As-
sembly. This law y gave township boards of edu-
cation in townships where there was no high
school, authority to pay the tuition of pupils
who could successfully pass an examination
for admission to a high school that they could
reach. In the session of 1901-02 this law was
amended, and since that time has been known
as the "Boxwell-Patterson" law. This amend-
ment made it mandatory upon township boards

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

211

of education to pay the tuition of pupils passing
the examination for the high school. This law-
has been a great boon to the youth living in the
rural districts, and has had the effect of reduc-
ing the number of older pupils attending the
district schools, many of whom formerly went
term after term and reviewed studies with
which they were already familiar. A large
proportion of such pupils now take the exam-
ination and enter some of the high schools in
the county.

year 1885. It is built on the property of St.
Mary's Church, and is, therefore, under the
exclusive control of said church, which
it serves as a parochial school. It has
always been held by the Catholic Church
that no education can be considered
complete and adequate from a moral and social
point of view, unless religious and precise
moral instruction forms a part of a school cur-
riculum, whether in the elementary or in the
secondary and higher departments ; and as

Educational Statistics

X.
X

No. Of Pupils

<D
y.

■ji

a
a
S

CJ
CG

.-*
4)
Eh

O
U

TOWNSHIPS

.0074

.005

.0084

.0065

.006

.UOS

.0058

.0076

.0055

.006

.005

.0105

.0048

.ooes*

.0064
.0054
.0053
.0106

.0099

.0036

.0038

.01

.0044

.0102

.007'

.0108

.0074

.0071

.0102

{2890.02

3039.10
2609.35
3787.S8
3903.86
3566.10
4761.97
3145.67
5319.26
2116.89
HI- l:;
2043.28

9
10

8
11

$7000.
5000.

8
11

5'
8
4
8

9*
6

8
6
51
1

103
212
114
152
13d
1S1
195
119
316

86-
160

87
120
123
179
123
124
131
125+
1337

23*

6200.
5000.
2700.

Harlem

11125.
1000.'
5500.
5000.
8000.

8
5
9

Oxford

3050.27
4563.43
2461.09

2568.89
3438.69
4073.51
48132.80
482.07
382.24
2011.18

10000."
5000.

6
6
8
1
5

8000.
14000.
155000.

80+

Eden ••

Easlevllle "

5500.

505.01
2298.16
1358.76
4079.24
375.54
897.23
938.65

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1500.
5000.
1500.*
5000. •
WO.
15UU.
2000.

1
4

5*+
1
2
2

38
99
74+
115
15+
55
28

Radnor "

21+
37

•1906 +1908

ST. MARYS PAROCHIAL SCHOOL.

We are indebted to Rev. Philip Steyle, rec-
tor of St. Mary's Church, who kindly wrote
the following article for this history :

This is a plain but substantial school build-
ing on South Henry Street, consisting of five
commodious rooms and a large and well ap-
pointed hall on the second floor. The building,
although unpretentious, answers the purpose
for which it was erected by private subscrip-
tion among the Catholics of Delaware in the

such a course cannot be had in the public
schools under our present school laws, and as
this matter is considered by the higher church
authorities of vital importance, parochial
schools, supported by the private funds of the
parish have been established everywhere : and
these schools are attended almost without ex-
ception by the children of Catholic parent-.
Such a segregation of the Catholic children,
means, of course, first : A double tax for all
Catholic freeholders, who have to be taxed f' ir
the support of the public schools, although they

212

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

do not make use of them. Second : It means,
in many places, where prejudice and narrow-
ideas seem to prevail a little more than in oth-
ers, a complete ostracism of teachers who ma)
be Catholics in religion by the official school
hoards, though the public schools are built and
kept up by taxation upon all, without distinc-
tion. This, of course, is the grossest injustice;
but the majority ruling in that direction, there
seems to be no remedy for it. It is the more re-
markable, in that so far from hampering or in-
terfering with the public schools, the parochial
schools are every year an immense saving to
the taxpayer and to the school boards, since
without them, many more teachers would have
to be employed and more school houses would
have to be built. Here in Delaware, St. Mary's
Parochial School, attended on an average by
250 pupils, saves the school board and the tax-
payer the hiring of at least six more teachers,
and the erecting of a large new school build-
ing, and yet, in the last fifteen years, not a
teacher belonging to St. Mary's Church has
been hired by the Delaware Public School
Board. Five Sisters of Charity, whose convent
adjoins St. Mary's School, have had charge of
said parochial school from the beginning. For
all secular branches, the course of studies is
precisely the same as in the public schools. The
difference is this, that the sessions begin and
end with prayers recited in unison, and the first
half hour is devoted to catechetical and relig-
ious instruction. In late years, a higher de-
partment has been added to the course, which,
before that, was considered sufficiently complete
with the eighth grade.

DELAWARE CITY LIBRARY.

The early settlers who purchased land of
the Ohio Company brought with them the New
England traditions of religion and education.
We find them early planning to secure for
themselves and their children the best educa-
tional facilities that their circumstances would
permit, and it is not strange, therefore, that
among people whose appreciation of knowledge
was so keen, the public library began its work,
even before the first log schoolhouse had been
built. When General Israel Putnam died in

1790, his fine library, rich in history, travel
and belles-lettres, was divided among his
heirs. His son. Colonel Israel Putnam, brought
a large part of this library to Belpre, Ohio,
where we rind it established under the title of
the "Putnam Family Library" as early as 1795.
Soon after, a stock company was formed, and
the library was put into circulation for the
benefit of those settlers who were willing to
share in the expense of its maintenance. The
second library was established at Cincinnati in
1802, and in 1804. the celebrated "Coonskin
Library" was organized in Ames Township,
Athens County. The limits of our space will
not permit us to follow the extension of li-
braries through the territory. The history of
some of these early libraries reads like ro-
mance, and it is gratifying to know that at an
early day. Ohio held high rank in this import-
ant field.

Naturally, the first steps toward establish-
ing a library in Delaware were taken by repre-
sentatives of Ohio Wesleyan University in lay-
ing the foundation of the present Slocum Li-
brary ; but as this library is a department of the
university, though many courtesies in the use
of its books are extended to the citizens of Dela-
ware, the history of the Slocum Library will
be found in connection with that of the Uni-
versity.

Fi ir the following sketch of the historv of
the free public library in Delaware, we are in-
debted to the very courteous and efficient li-
brarian, Mrs. Nellie Pratt Stayman.

The question of establishing a free public
library in Delaware had been agitated from
time to time tor many years. A corporation
for this purpose was organized as long ago as
1855, but it was then found impracticable and
the project was abandoned. The subject was
agitated frequently at different periods, but all
efforts were spasmodic and without results.
Some years ago, however, twenty-six enter-
prising ladies organized themselves into a read-
ing circle, called the "Book Club," and main-
tained a small circulating: library, consistine of
about thirty volumes, that were passed around
and read by the members of the club. These
ladies subsequently formed themselves into a

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

213

library association. This association was unin-
corporated. They asked for donations of books
and secured additional members. The mem-
bership fee was fixed at fifty cents a year. It
opened its library November 12, 1897, in the
private office of Dr. \Y. H. Hague, who loaned
the association the use of his bookcase, and
tendered to the ladies the use of his office as a
place of meeting. The extent of the library, at
this time, was ninety-seven volumes, and the
association consisted of thirty-five members.
Strenuous efforts were made to increase the
membership, and to add to the number of
books, but it was found difficult to enlist atten-
tion and secure support. The ladies met with
great discouragement on every hand. With the
small means at their command, their progress
was very slow, and the opening of a reading-
room, which they regarded as very desirable,
was simply out of the question. They made a
canvass of the city, which resulted in increas-
ing the membership to one hundred and ten,
and in April, 1898, the library, by the courtesy
of Mr. C. D. Young, was placed hvhis jewelry
store. It was subsequently transferred to a
small room, rented for the purpose, and the as-
sociation continued to operate a circulating li-
brary among its members, until it was moved
into what were thought at the time would be
its permanent quarters in Masonic Hall.

Some idea of thte difficulties and dis-
couragement under which the ladies labored
can be formed from the fact that the total re-
ceipts for the entire year preceding the incor-
poration of the present library association, from
all sources, was less than two hundred dol-
lars. It was perfectly apparent that if the li-
brary was to be made generally useful, some-
thing must be done to interest the public in it.
and to establish it on a more permanent basis.

Under the auspices of the Ladies' Library
Association, a meeting of the citizens of Dela-
ware was held July 21. 1898, at St. Peter's
Church, with the view of enlisting public in-
terest and attention to the importance of the
enterprise. At this meeting the matter was
generally discussed, and a committee appointed
to consult with the City Council to ascertain
whether the organization of a free public library

and reading-room could be secured through
the action of the city authorities, under the act
providing for the creation of public libraries,
and also to fully investigate the whole subject,
and report at a future meeting the best method
to be pursued.

The next public meeting was held at the
William Street Methodist Episcopal Church,
September 13, 1898. and the committee for-
merly appointed, among other things, reported
that after a consultation with a committee from
the City Council, it was found impracticable
to induce that body to establish and maintain
a free public library and reading-room, and
recommended that the most feasible method to
be adopted would be the incorporation of an as-
sociation to be known as "The Delaware City
Library Association," for the purpose of "es-
tablishing and maintaining, in a public place in
the city of Delaware, a public library ami read-
ing-room, free to all the inhabitants ihereof,
and to all persons residing within the territory
known as the Delaware City School District ;"
the necessary funds to be secured in such man-
ner as might be authorized by law. and by such
other means as such association might deem
advisable, and recommended that immediate
steps be taken to secure the incorporation of
such an association. The report of the commit-
tee was adopted. The ladies were requested to
consider the propriety of incorporating their as-
sociation for the purpose, and a committee was
appointed to look up a site for such library.

Subsequently, a public meeting called by
the president, was held at St. John's Lutheran
Church. October 20, 1898. At this meeting
the Ladies' Library Association reported that
they would incorporate as requested, when the
time would justify such action. It was made
known, quietly, to the officers of the Ladies' Li-
brary Association, and to the committee to
look up a location for the library, that Mr.
Sidney Moore, one of Delaware's leading citi-
zens, had decided to erect a building, and pre-
sent the same to Hiram Lodge. No. 18, F. and
A. M.. and that he intended in behalf of him-
self and wife to reserve therein a room for the
use of the Delaware City Library Association;
the association to be at the expense only of

214

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

finishing, fitting up and furnishing the same.
Thereupon the ladies of the Library Associa-
tion immediately procured articles of incor-
poration, dated February 23, 1899, which were
presented at the next public meeting of the citi-
zens, held at the Presbyterian Church, March
16, 1899. The articles of incorporation were
approved at this meeting, and the proposition
of Mr. and Mrs. Moore gratefully accepted. Mr.
Sidney Moore, and Mrs. Sarah A. Moore, his
wife, by perpetual lease, conveyed the library
room to the association, conditioned "to con-
tinue as long as the association shall keep up
and maintain therein a public library and read-
ing-room, and pay such part of the insurance
on the Masonic Temple as the value of the
part so used and occupied by the Library Asso-
ciation bears to the whole building."

Sufficient funds were secured by member-
ship fees, subscriptions and donations to finish
the room, to provide for heating and also
lighting the same with both gas and electricity,
and to furnish it with the most approved and
modern style of library furniture. The ladies
turned over to the new association the books
they had accumulated, numbering 535 volumes.

The Board of Education of the Delaware
City School District have loaned the use and
control of such portion of the Public School
Library as is not needed fur daily use and
reference, upon the condition that the books
be receipted for by the association and la-
beled "From High School Library," subject
to return, however, at any time the Board of
Education may so direct, and upon condition
that all books purchased by the funds re-
ceived under the tax levied by the School
Board shall be marked and labeled "From
Board of Education Tax Levy," and upon
the further condition that in case the Associa-
tion shall cease to maintain a public library,
said books shall be returned to the Hoard of
Education to become a part of the High
School Library. The books so turned over
consisted of 375 volumes, making a total of
910 volumes on the shelves of the new library
when it was opened to the public on the even-
ing of April 5, 1900.

The Dewey system of classification and
cataloging the books is used in the adminis-
tration of the library. It will be seen from
the report of the committee on the best
method to be pursued in the organization of
the library and reading-room, that it was in-
tended to bring the organization within the
provisions of the act of the General Assem-
bly, entitled, "An act to authorize cities of the
fourth grade of the second class to levy a tax
for the maintenance of a free public and
school library," passed February 15. 1898,
which requires school boards to levy a tax of
not less than three-tenths nor more than five
tenths of one mill on the dollar, to be used
by the library association in the purchase of
books and periodicals, and for running ex-
penses.

Under this act, the Board of Education
levies three-tenths of one mill on the dollar,
and through this source, the library receives,
and will receive annually, between eleven and
twelve hundred dollars. The association is
thus enabled to add to its number of books,
and to fully supply the library with papers,
periodicals, and to meet running expenses.
The library at that time consisted of 1.359
volumes, thirty-one periodicals, and received
eight daily papers. Through the persever-
ance of the ladies, the generous gift of Mr.
Sidney Moore, and Mrs. Sarah A. Moore, his
wife, the hearty co-operation of the School
Hoard, the active assistance of a large num-
ber of her public spirited citizens, and the
beneficence of the General Assembly, herein-
before referred to, Delaware City now had a
public library and reading-room established
on a permanent basis.

In the early spring of 1902, it occurred to
Mr. T. C. Jones, that if other cities of the size
of Delaware were helped by Mr. Andrew
Carnegie to build libraries, would he not do as
much for Delaware. Mr. Jones brought the
matter to the attention of the Board of Trade,
and a committee was appointed, of which .Mr.
Jones, V. T. Hills. Dr. W. M. Semans and
Dr. J. W. Bashfonl were members, to try to
enlist Mr. Carnegie's aid in erecting a public

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

215

library building in Delaware. Mr. Jones, ac-
cordingly, began a correspondence with Mr.
Carnegie, through his private secretary,
which extended over many months, until De-
cember 22, 1902, when Mr. Carnegie ad-
dressed a letter to Air. Jones, as chairman of
the Library Committee of the Delaware
Board of Trade, making a proposition to
erect a library building. The City Council
referred the offer of Mr. Carnegie to a spe-
cial committee on January 5, 1903. This com-
mittee reported favorably on the plan. Janu-
ary 12th, and on its recommendation a com-
mittee of three was appointed to select a site
for the proposed library building. Such a
committee was appointed, and on April 9th
reported in favor of the Lybrand property,
now known as the Jane M. Case Hospital. A
motion was made and passed, recommending
that the incoming Council (May 1st) accept
the Lybrand property. Nothing further was
done until after the new Council was installed,
when its library committee reported a resolu-
tion favoring the Williams-Little site, lying
between the property of Mrs. Beverly Brown
and the private alley south. This report was
signed by Parsons, McGough and Alden, and
was laid upon the table until the next meet-
ing. On October 5th, the motion to purchase
the Williams property was lost. The same
evening the motion to purchase the Sampsell
or Georgia Brown Allen property was lost,
and a third resolution was offered to purchase
the Hayes and LeCrone property which carried,
and the city solicitor was directed to purchase
the property. On December 7th, a petition
was received from the library trustees appoint-
ed under the new code in favor of the Samp-
sell site, and on motion of Parsons an ordi-
nance was passed authorizing its purchase.
The first levy for a site had been reported by
the Finance Committee during the preceding-
summer, through Prof. Parsons making a
levy of one mill for this purpose.

No action had been taken to purchase the
sites previously recommended, and the pre-
ceding resolution was repealed by the new
ordinance. Finally, on January 4th, a resolu-
tion was passed to issue bonds to the extent

of $5,000 for the purchase of the Sampsell
site from Mrs. Georgia Brown Allen ; the
remaining $1,000 (the site costing $6,000)
was to be paid out of the levy already made
for a site. Thus the matter was finally settled
after a great deal of annoyance caused by the
opposition of some members of the Council to
a site in the northern part of the city.

This site has an interesting history: to-
gether with the ground now occupied by the
Court House and jail, it was originally plat-
ted for a cemetery — the first in Delaware
Township — by Byxbe and Baldwin. At that
time, this w-as located outside the limits of the
village, which extended only as far as the
south side of North Street — now Central
Avenue. The first persons who died in the
village of Delaware, as well as some who died
north and east of here, were buried in this
ground.

Mayor Clippinger appointed a committee
to take charge of the erection of a library
building. Before much, if any, definite work
was accomplished by this committee, several
changes occurred in its personnel, which fi-
nally included the following gentlemen : V.
D. Stayman, D. H. Battenfield, T. J. Griffin,
Henry E. Main, Judge B. F. Freshwater and
Capt. C. W. Wiles. Architects E. W. Hart
and John M. Marriott were associated in the
preparation of plans, the latter gentleman la-
ter becoming architect and superintendent in
charge of construction. The building was
begun in the fall of 1904, and was opened to
the public on September 1, 1906. The cost of
the building, $21,500, was paid by Mr. Car-
negie; $1,500 was spent in furnishing it. The
present Board of Trustees is as follows : V.

D. Stayman, president ; D. H. Battenfield,
vice president; Captain C. W. Wiles; Henry

E. Main; T. J. Griffin; Judge B. F. Fresh-
water.

The number of books in the library is 4.-
666, and thirty-two magazines and five daily
papers are received. The last annual report
shows 12,850 readers and a circulation of
22,067 books.

The Delaware County Historical
and Archaeological Society was incor-

2l6

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

porated February 8, 1906. The following
gentlemen were charter members: J. L.
Smith, president ; D. L. Ziegler. vice-presi-
dent; Frank L. Grove, secretary: H. E. Buck,
soliciting agent ; John B. Taggart. curator. In
addition to the foregoing, the following indi-
viduals are now members : Howard O. Core,
who is the present curator; Dr. William E.
Knight, Arthur Sheradin and Hon. E. M.
Wickham. D. W. C. Lugenbeel, the veteran
journalist, whose historical sketches over the
signature "Looking Backwards" have inter-
ested so many readers of the Delaware papers,
was recently elected to honorary membership.
At present the society is without a place in

which to make a public display of the collec-
tions owned by its members, but it is hoped
to secure suitable accommodations in the near
future. The limits of our space will not per-
mit of a list of the thousands of relics of a by-
gone age which have been collected. There
are upwards of ten thousand Indian relics,
hundreds of pieces of old china, many spin-
ning wheels, reels, swifts, old blue coverlets,
school books. American cut glass, fireplace
cooking utensils, reflectors for baking in the
fireplace, old wooden cradles, hand-spun
woolen carpets, wooden-wheel clocks and other
furniture.

CHAPTER XII.

EDUCATION (II).

OHIO WESLEVAN UNIVERSITY.

[This chapter is based largely on a history of the Uni-
versity prepared by Prof. Wm. G. Williams for the vol-
ume entitled "Fifty Years of History of the Ohio Wesleyan
University," permission for the use of which was kindly
granted by the University.]

The city of Delaware is largely indebted
for its present size and importance to the lo-
cation here of an educational institution of
highest standing, of which it may well be
proud. It was largely because of Ohio Wes-
leyan- University that the first railroad was
brought into the city of Delaware, and today
the university brings a volume of business
amounting to at least $400,000 per annum
into the city. It can be truthfully said, there-
fore, that the education of young men and
young women at Ohio Wesleyan University
is the leading industry of Delaware. The
University was founded in 1844 and owes its
location, if not its establishment at that par-
ticular date, to the famous White Sulphur
Spring in Delaware. This spring had early
attracted the attention of tourists and seekers
after health. In order to accommodate these,
and to encourage further patronage, two en-
terprising citizens, Thomas W. Powell, Esq.,
and Columbus W. Kent, erected, in the year
1833, on a spacious lot, embracing the spring,
a fine hotel, which soon became known to the
citizens as the Mansion House. The waters
were salubrious and the locality healthful;
and for some years the Mansion House was
kept in successful operation. But the town
of Delaware was not very widely known, and
was not easily accessible, and it was perhaps,
too early in the history of the State to hope
for large returns from a business enterprise of

Judge Powell, who had become the sole pro-
prietor, concluded to abandon the attempt to
establish a Western watering place.

About this time the Methodist College
at Augusta, in Kentucky, to which the Ohio
Conference was contributory, had been sus-
pended. Augusta was on the wrong side of
the river to suit the growing anti-slavery sen-
timent of the Methodists in Ohio ; and it was
already manifest that the school could never
secure their patronage or contributions. Prac-
tically this largest Protestant denomination in
the State was without a home institution for
the education of her sons. The thoughtful
men of the church were naturally solicitous
in regard to the educational future of Ohio
Methodism, but as yet no forward steps had
been taken toward providing for these wants.

At this juncture it was suggested by the
Rev. Adam Poe. the Methodist pastor in
Delaware, that the citizens of the place should
purchase the Spring property, and offer it to
the Ohio and North Ohio Conferences of the
Methodist Church, jointly, as a site for a col-
lege. This suggestion met with cordial ap-
proval.

The property thus proposed for a college
site comprised about ten acres of ground, ly-
ing in the suburbs of Delaware, towards the
southeast quarter of the town, and separated
from the rest of the town by the insignificant
"Delaware Run." Of this ground a part, on
which the Mansion House stood, was held in
fee simple; and the remainder, including the
spring, by a perpetual lease without rent,
from the corporation of Delaware. The in-
vestment in the grounds and buildings was
about $25,000; but the owner offered to con-

218

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

vey his interests in the entire property for
$10,000. This sum, it was thought, could he
raised by a subscription among the citizens of
the town and county, and, accordingly, a
delegation was appointed to wait on the con-
ferences, and ascertain whether they would
accept the property if conveyed to them as
proposed.

The North Ohio Conference met August
11, 1841, at Wooster. To this body the dele-
gation first applied. The conference consid-
ered the matter favorably and appointed a
committee of five to confer with a like com-
mitee to be appointed by the Ohio Conference.
August 25th the delegation appeared before
the Ohio Conference, at Urbana-. On the
following day Dr. Charles Elliott and Wil-
liam P. Strickland were deputed by the con-
ference to visit Delaware and examine the
premises. They carried back a favorable re-
port and many long remembered the Irish en-
thusiasm With which Dr. Elliott advocated
the establishment of a Methodist college and
the acceptance of this property. The confer-
ence was ready for the measure, and voted
that it was expedient to establish a Methodist
college in Ohio ; that the two conferences
(embracing about two-thirds of the State)
should unite in the enterprise, and that, if
the Sulphur Spring property was conveyed to
the church, on the terms proposed, Delaware
should be selected as the seat of the college.
A committee of five was appointed to act with
the committee from the Northern Confer-
ence.

The joint committee thus constituted met
at Delaware, September 1, 1841. The com-
mittee consisted of Revs. John H. Power,
Adam Poe, Edward Thompson, James Brew-
ster and William S. .Morrow, from the North
Ohio Conference, and Revs. Jacob Young,
James B. Finley, Charles Elliott, Edmund W.
Sehon and Joseph M. Trimble, from the Ohio
Conference. Of these distinguished men, to
whom was committed this weighty responsi-
bility, Dr. Joseph M. Trimble was, for many
years, the last survivor, and died May 6, [891.
The committee voted to accept the property if
the citizens should perfect their offer, and if

the title should be made satisfactory to the
Conferences.

The way being thus prepared, a subscrip-
tion was opened by the citizens and was signed
by one hundred and seventy-two persons. No
subscription exceeded $500 and the aggre-
gate amounted to but $9,000. That the
movement might no,t Mail, certain parties,
trusting to future local subscriptions, obli-
gated themselves for the deficit. But no fur-
ther subscriptions were obtained, and some
years afterwards, $500 were raised by volun-
tary contributions among the ministers in the
North Ohio Conference, to relieve the Rev.
Adam Poe from the payment of a note given
on this account. Such was the difficulty, at
that time, of raising even this small sum for
an enterprise which, as the citizens said in
the preamble to their subscription, "would
greatly add to the value of property in the
town and county, and be of great public utility
and benefit."

But the town was small; at the United
States census the year before, 1840, the popu-
lation was but 893 ; there was not much busi-
ness and there' was but little accumulated
wealth in the community. The inducement
they offered to secure the location of a college,
destined to be the central institution of a great
church, was absurdly small. But the amount
raised in Delaware was the just measure of
the ability of the place at that time. The
University was welcomed to the town, and it
has often since met with a generous response
from the citizens to its appeals for aid. On
the other hand, it has brought with it popula-
tion, and wealth, and prosperity to the town.

The Conference Committee met Novem-
ber 17, 1841, and received from Mr. Powell
a bond for the conveyance of the property do-
nated by the citizens. The title was finally
passed in 1850, to the Board of Trustees. In
addition to the ten acres thus conveyed, the
committee purchased from Judge Powell an
adjacent property on the south, of five acres,
at a cost of $5,500, and the furniture of the
Mansion House at about $2,000 more. Dr.
Trimble paid Judge Powell fifty dollars as an
earnest to bind the contract for the additional

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

219

purchase, the first money given to the Uni-
versity, the first money paid on its debt.

Immediate steps were now taken looking
to a formal organization. A committee com-
posed of Jacob Young", Joseph M. Trimble
and Adam Poe was appointed to apply to the
Legislature for an act of incorporation. A
special charter, under the old State Constitu-
tion, conferring university powers, was grant-
ed by the Legislature March 7, 1842. The
corporate powers were vested in a hoard of
twenty-one persons from different parts of the
State. These were William Neff, Samuel
Williams, ex-Governor Allen Trimble, Lem-
uel Reynolds, Thomas Orr, William Bishop,
William Armstrong, Rev. James B. Finley,
Rev. Jacob Young, Rev. Edmund W. Sehon,
Rev. Leonidas L. Hamline, Judge Patrick G.
Goode. George B. Arnold, ex-Governor Mor-
dacai Bartley, Frederick C. Welch. Wilder
Joy. Henry Ehbert, John H. Harris, Rev.
Adam Poe, Rev. William Burke. Rev. Leon-
ard B. Gurley. These men were of promi-
nence in state or in church. They have long
since yielded their places to others. Dr. Gur-
ley, the last survivor, died in 1880, at the ripe
age of seventy-six years. Of these trustees,
though the charter did not so prescribe, four-
teen were laymen and seven were ministers ;
and this ratio of ministers and laymen has al-
ways been kept in filling vacancies. By the
provisions of the charter, the corporators at
first held their office for life. The right of
perpetuation of the Board was vested in the
two patronizing conferences, each appointing
to all existing vacancies, alternately. These
conferences were afterwards divided into four,
each with the same right of appointment. The
arrangement for alternate appointment con-
tinued until 1869. when, by a general law of
the State, under the new Constitution, the
president of the University was made, ex-of-
ficio, a member of the Board, and the remain-
ing twenty members were divided into four
classes of five each, which were assigned,
severally, to the four conferences, and the ten-
ure of office was reduced to five years, so that
each conference should annually elect one trus-
tee for the period of five years. In 1S71 the

charter was further so modified as to give the
Association of Alumni a representation on the
Board equal to that of each Annual confer-
ence; and in 1883 the West Virginia Confer-
ence was admitted as one of the patronizing
bodies, with equal right of representation in
the Board.

One of the conditions of the donation to
the church was that the academic work of the
college should be begun within five years ; but
the committees from the conferences did not
wait even until the organization of the Board
of Trustees. It was thought best to com-
mence this work immediately, and a sub-com-
mittee was appointed to secure teachers and
open a preparatory school. This committee
at once engaged Captain James D. Cobb, a
graduate of West Point and an ex-army of-
ficer, as instructor in the new school for 1841-
42. Captain Cobb was about fifty years of
age and was assisted by his son. It was ar-
ranged that he should have the free use of the
Mansion -House, but look to tuition for his
compensation. He had a mixed school of
boys and girls. At the end of the school year
Captain Cobb resigned his place and moved
to the South for his health.

The Board of Trustees held their first
meeting at Hamilton, where the Ohio Con-
ference was in session, October 1, 1842. At
this meeting the Board elected the Rev. Ed-
ward Thomson, at that time the principal of
Norwalk Seminary, to the presidency of the
LJniversity, with the understanding that the
appointment was only nominal for the pres-
ent, but a pledge to the church and the public
that a college faculty would be appointed and
the college opened at no distant day. The
Board, however, determined that a Prepara-
tory School should meanwhile be maintained,
and appointed the Rev. Solomon Howard as
principal, with authority to employ his own
assistants. He was given the use of the build-
ings and furniture, and was expected to get
his support from the tuition fees of the pu-
pils. Prof. Howard began his school Novem-
ber 1, 1842, and continued it successfully for
two years. Both sexes were still admitted,
and the atendance was largelv local. He had

220

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

at first but four little boys as his pupils, but
the number for the year was 130. During the
second year of his school he was assisted by
Mr. Flavel A. Dickinson, a recent graduate
of Yale, who had taught one year as principal
of the Delaware Academy, and who brought
his school over "en masse."

Though no large immediate income was
to be expected from subscriptions or from tu-
ition, yet the Board of Trustees felt great con-
fidence in the final success of a school sup-
ported by the large numbers and the growing
wealth of the Methodist Church in Ohio. Re-
lying upon these the Board, September 25,
1844, resolved to organize a faculty to open
the institution with a college curriculum and
college classes. Dr. Thomson, who had re-
cently been elected editor of the Ladies' Re-
pository, was re-appointed president, though
again with the understanding that he should
not immediately enter upon duty. As it was
foreseen that the school would for a while
be small, and the income limited, the Board
established but four additional places, and
made the following appointments : Rev. Her-
man M. Johnson, professor of Ancient Lan-
guages; Rev. Solomon Howard, professor of
Mathematics; William G. Williams, principal
of the Preparatory Department; Enoch G.
Dial, assistant in Preparatory Department.

The salaries paid, or rather promised, to
these men were gauged by the resources
which the Board hoped to have at their com-
mand by the end of the year. The president's
salary, when he should enter upon duty, was
fixed at $800; the professors were to be paid
$600 each, and the teachers in the Prepara-
tory Department $400 and $350 respectively,
but it was many years before even these
meager salaries were paid as they became
due.

Wednesday, November 13. 1S44. was the
day appointed and advertised fen- the opening
of the school, hut the opening was less en-
couraging than had been hoped. Dr. Thom-
son was present but for a day or two, and did
not enter upon duty tor nearly two years aft-
erward, and Prof. Johnson was detained for
many weeks. The other three teachers of the

five who were appointed to positions in the
faculty, met in the basement of the Mansion
House, the former dining room, which had
been temporarily fitted up as a chapel, and
proceeded to enroll the students applying for
admission to the classes. Only twenty-nine
presented themselves. This was a smaller
number than had previously attended the pre-
paratory schools under Captain Cobb and
Prof. Howard. But the students now were
all males of a mature age, and more advanced
standing, and most of them were from other
parts of the state. From this small number
the faculty were able to organize all the col-
lege classes below senior, though the repre-
sentation in the upper classes was very small.
By the end of the year there were only two
juniors, two sophomores, fourteen freshmen,
and there were ninety-two in the Preparatory
and other courses. Such was the initial cata-
1< >gue of a university, which, long before its
jubilee year, enrolled more than forty times
the first number of students, annually, and
graduates more than a hundred at a time.

ENDOWMENT.

Education, the world over, is largely a
gratuity, and especially so in the higher insti-
tutions of learning. In the older and better
endowed colleges, no student pays a tenth of
the actual cost of his education. Grounds,
buildings, cabinets, libraries, endowments, and
all the educational appliances of science and
art, are the gifts of the founders of the school
to the students who attend it. A college to be
eminently successful in its work should have
all these before it opens its doors to the public.
Fortunately, this is something realized in the
benefactions of wealthy men. But in former
times, in the Western country, neither State
nor denominational schools could afford to
wait for the accumulation of all these befi ire
beginning their work, and the result was, that
most of our schools were started upon very
meager foundations. Such was the case with
Ohio Wesleyan University. The Board of
Trustees started with nothing, and were in
debt. To secure a present support and a fu-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

221

ture growth was, of course, a matter of vital
concern.

The only resources of the institution were
the contributions of its friends, and these, at
first, came slowly and sparingly; and it was
not until 1849 that the indebtedness of $7,-
000 for the purchase money was all paid. We
have seen that the conferences early devised
plans for the endowment of the University.
In 1843 tne Ohio Conference appointed Revs.
Frederick Merrick and Uriah Heath, agents
to raise funds from donations to the Uni-
versity, or by the sale of scholarships entitling
the hearer to tuition, at the rate of $100 for
five years. The following year the North
Ohio Conference appointed similar agents to
work within its bounds. These agents, in the
course of two years, obtained subscriptions
and notes for scholarships to the amount of
about $30,000, and some donations of land
worth, perhaps $15,000 more. The interest
on these notes and some tuition fees, consti-
tuted the sole revenue of the institution for
the support of the faculty. Tuition for the
regular Academic studies was early fixed at
$30 a year ; and it has never been changed,
though, since the era of cheap scholarships,
no student has paid tuition. Art studies
alone are not covered by the scholarships. As
the sale of scholarships progressed, the tu-
ition gradually fell to nothing. Perhaps two
or three hundred of these higher priced schol-
arships were sold, mostly "on time," but, un-
fortunately, many of them were never paid
for, though the tuition had been promptly
claimed and enjoyed. The faculty was then
wholly dependent on the income from the en-
dowment notes. But though agents were
continued in the field for the sale of scholar-
ships, the aggregate did not perceptibly in-
crease. At the end of six years, the total net
assets were estimated at only $70,000, and,
of this, the endowment money and subscrip-
tions reached only $54,000. The institution
was still on the borders of inanition. It was
evident, that, unless a more effective policy
was adopted, the school was destined to fail-
ure, dr, at best, to a feeble existence.

At length, in the summer of 1849. tne
faculty, upon the suggestion of Prof. John-

son, devised and proposed to the Board of
Trustees a system of scholarships at a much
cheaper rate than those at first sold. It was
hoped that these would be popular, and be
sold to an extent sufficient to give the institu-
tion both money and students for, at least,
all present necessities. The trustees held a
special session to consider the subject, Sep-
tember 24, 1849, at Dayton, where the Ohio
Conference was in session. The measure was
felt to be perilous; a failure would jeopardize
all, and they deliberated a long time before
they came to> any conclusion. Finally with
the approval of the Conference, the Board
adopted the plan, and ordered the sale of
scholarships, entitling the holder to tuition,
at the following rates: (1) for three years'
tuition. $15; (2) for four years' tuition, $29;
(3) for six years' tuition, $25; (4) for eight
years' tuition, $30. Unlike the old series of
scholarships, the new ones were to be paid for
in full before they were used.

The system was needlessly complex ; the
second and fourth rates alone would have been
better than the four, and the price could have
been one-half higher without lessening their
salableness. But the success which crowned
the effort quieted all criticisms. Three agents
wer appointed by each Conference to put the
new scholarships upon the market. In two
years they had sold nearly three thousand,
and paid into the treasury of the University,
besides the expense of the agency and the sup-
port of the faculty meanwhile, a sum suffi-
cent to raise the nominal endowment, in 1854,
to a round $100,000.

The exact number of scholarships sold
was 3.740, calling for a little more than 25,-
000 years of tuition. It was estimated that
an average annual attendance of 500 students
would exhaust this large aggregate in fifty
years. As the attendance has not averaged
this figure, the period for the final retirement
of the scholarships may he somewhat pro-
longed. Subsequently, the agents, under the
authority of the Board, issued a few hundred
additional scholarships to the value of money
or lands ostensibly given to the University,
but for which the institution paid a full
equivalent. But this policy has now been

222

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

stopped, and the board has ordered that no
more scholarships be sold.

Part of this amount was still in unproduc-
tive land, and is in uncollected scholarship
notes. But the income for the following year,
1855, was estimated to be $8,500, which the
committee of Ways and Means, in their re-
port to the Board, say "will be amply suffi-
cient to meet and defray all current ex-
penses." In view of this hopeful condition
of the finances, the salaries of the faculty-
were now increased as follows : The presi-
dent was paid $1,400; the professors, $1,000
each ; the tutors, $500 each. The value of
the real estate and other property of the Uni-
versity had also largely increased, and
may be estimated at another $100,000. Thus,
the end of the first decennium saw the institu-
tion in a healthful financial condition, and
with good prospects for the future.

The conference agencies for the endow-
ment and building fund were continued for
some years and the endowment slowly in-
creased for a number of years. At length, in
1866, the centennial year of American Meth-
odism, a general advance was made through-
out the connection. Educational interests
were everywhere the foremost, and, in Ohio,
the result of the effort was a large addition
t> 1 the funds of the University. A portion
was devoted to building and general improve-
ment, and the endowment was increased to
considerably more than $200,000. Unfor-
tunately, the resources for building and
grounds did not prove as ample as was hoped,
and, after the "hard times" of 1873 set m < '*
was deemed necessary to draw upon the en-
dowment fund for these purposes. About
$40,000 were thus consumed. The growth of
this fund has, nevertheless, been so constant,
that the heavy draft upon it was soon more
than made good.

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS.

The original college campus included the
ten acres donated by the citizens, and the
five acres bought by the conference commit-
tees. Additional purchases of ground were

subsequently made at an expense of over .$20,-
000, until now the campus contains about
twenty-five acres lying in one continuous tract,
.besides the ten acres where Monnett Hall
stands. In addition to these tracts, the Uni-
versity purchased at a cost of a little more
than $10,000, what is commonly spoken of as
"The Barnes Property," where Prof. Davies
now resides and where the Observatory is lo-
cated. On the added lot of five acres (al-
ready referred to), purchased from Judge
Powell, was a comfortable cottage near the
street, the home of Mr. Powell. This was
subsequently occupied by the president of the
college, or by one of the professors, until
1856, when it was sold and moved off the
campus. In the rear of this cottage, and in
front of the present Sturges Hall, was a row
of a half-dozen or more summer cottages,
built for the accommodation of the guests of
the Mansion House during the watering sea-
son. In 1855. all these buildings were re-
moved, leaving the space in front of the Uni-
versity buildings open for the planting of ad-
ditional shade trees.

The College Campus has a diversified
character, which art has greatly improved. In
1872, Messrs. Wright and Mast, of the Board
of Trustees, spent about $5,000 in reconstruct-
ing the surface, making walks and drives,
draining and planting. Since that time the
low ground in the later additions has been
filled in and regraded. Since i860, more than
1 ,000 varieties of .domestic or exotic trees and
shrubs have been planted and properly la-
beled.

The college buildings rank among the
best for architectural beauty and convenience.
Elliott Hall, formerly "The Old Mansion
House," was built for visitors seeking the in-
vigorating climate and the health-giving wa-
ters of Delaware. It is three stories and a
half high with a basement. It was of frame,
lathed and cemented on the outside, but the
interior was finely finished in walnut and
tastefully decorated with plaster mouldings.
The drawing-room and parlors on the first
floor, and some of the large rooms on the sec-
ond floor, were converted into recitation

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

223

rooms or the professors' studies. The cham-
bers on the third tioor were let to students,
until, some years later, they also were needed
for general purposes. In the basement, the
old Mansion House dining-room was recon-
structed into the college chapel, and the large
kitchen, with its huge fireplace and brick
oven, became the lecture-room and laboratory
for the professor of Natural Science. On the
south side of the main building was a large
two-story annex, which was let as a boarding
house to a steward for the accommodation of
two or three of the faculty and a half-score of
students who had rooms in the building. In
the rear of the Mansion House, on the east
side, were long wide porches, level with the
first and second floors. 12 and 25 feet from
the ground. In 1S48, the boarding house
was discontinued : the cement outside of the
main building was replaced with a good
close-jointed covering. The lofty and un-
safe porches were, torn down, and the annex
removed to a location near the spring. Here
it was let to students, and, happily, was soon
burned down. In 1892, Elliott Hall was re-
moved to its present location, and placed in
good repair. It has served educational pur-
poses well for upward of sixty years, and its
desirable recitation rooms may be in use for
at least another half century. The depart-
ment of physics occupies the first two floors
of this hall. On the third and fourth floors
are the rooms of the School of Business. In
the rear of the building and connecting with
it is the Engineering Annex, erected during
the summer of 1905, at a cost of $5,800,
which was borne by Messrs. David S. Gray
and William R. Walker, both of Columbus,
Ohio. It contains the apparatus necessary
for instruction in the courses in wood and
metal turning, and in engineering.

Thompson Chapel. The corner-stone of
this building was laid on July 26, 185 1. dur-
ing Commencement Week, and was dedicated
the following year. Its cost was about $20.-
000. The structure was in the Doric style
of architecture, three stories in height, and
measured 85 by 55 feet. The main audience-
room, 23 feet high, covered the entire upper

floor. The capacity of this room was about
600 sittings, which was then thought the ut-
most probable need of the institution for
years to come. The building stood on the
site of the present library, and was named in
honor of the first president of the University.
The Lecture Association of the students in
1874 contributed $800 toward the furnishing
■ if the chapel : and by the efforts of the faculty
and the senior class, a fine organ was installed
at a cost of $1,600. By this time the audience-
room had grown too small for ail occasions
except daily prayers, and as early as 1885, the
student-body had increased to such proportions
that it became necessary to excuse a number
of students from attendance at the daily exer-
cises for lack of room. From 1889 to 1891.
the daily chapel services were held in the audi-
torium of St. Paul's Church. This arrange-
ment was found inconvenient, and Thomson
Chapel again came into use. in September,
1 89 1. but with the prospect of adequate relief
in the immediate future.

Sturges Hall. This building is named
for Mr. William Sturges. of Putnam, Ohio,
who in 1853. offered the University a liberal
subscription for a library, on condition that
within a year a further subscription of $15,-
000 should be secured for a suitable library
building. Prof. Merrick undertook the agency
for this, and raised the amount within a few-
weeks. The building was finished and dedi-
cated in 1856. The two lower stories were
used by the literary societies of the Universitv.
and the top floor served as library until the
present Slocum Library was completed. At
present the Hall contains the Chemical Labora-
tory, and lecture rooms and private office of
the Professor of Chemistry. On the second
floor are located the general collection of speci-
mens illustrating structural and dynamic geo-
logy, and the Merrick-Trimble collection of
minerals.

Merrick Hall is a substantial edifice,
three stories high, and built of Delaware blue
limestone. It contains the lecture-rooms and
laboratories of the Departments of Geology and
Zoology, and on the third floor the Museum
of Natural History. The Board began the

224

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

erection of tin's building" in 1869, but a failure
of the building fund delayed the completion
of the building until 1873. Its cost was about
$40,000, a large portion of which was finally
taken from the endowment fund. The Hall
was named for a former president of the insti-
tution, Dr. Merrick.

Gray Chapel and University Hall. At
the session in June. 1890, the Board of
Trustees ordered the immediate erection of a
University Hall that should furnish first and
foremost the much-needed college chapel, and
also more and better accommodations for the
academic work of the institution. The corner-
stone was laid June 18, 1891, and it took two
years to complete the building. It is a massive
stone structure, 160 feet long, 150 feet deep,
and four stories high. The entire pile bears
the name of University Hall. It includes the
chapel, now called Gray Chapel, in commemo-
ration of the noble life of Rev. David Gray, a
venerable pioneer preacher in Ohio, the father
of David S. Gray, Esq., of Columbus, Ohio,
president of the Board of Trustees, who gave
$27,000 toward the building fund, and through
whose generosity and leadership the erection
of the building was so promptly assured. This
beautiful auditorium seats 2.000 persons, and
can be enlarged by the opening of the adjacent
lecture-room for the accommodation of 400
more. The chapel is octagonal in form, with
the floor rising from the rostrum with a slight
incline. The seats are arranged in seven sec-
tors, with aisles radiating from the pulpit as
a center. A spacious gallery, with seats placed
in ascending tiers, extends two-thirds of the
circumference of the room. The dome in the
center of the chapel rises to a height of fifty-
six feet from the floor. It is lit from above by
clay with beautiful opalescent glass, and by
night from dome, gallery and walls with hun-
dreds of incandescent electric lamps. The
splendid organ was built by the Roosevelts,
and cost $15,000.

The University Hall contains, besides the
chapel, a commodious and well-furnished hall
for the Young Men's Christian Association,
capable of seating 500 persons; several lecture-
rooms, ten recitation-rooms, six society halls,

the administrative offices, professors' studies,
ladies' parlors, wide corridors and other needed
conveniences. The cost of this structure ag-
gregated $180,000. The building stands on
the original site of the "Old Mansion House."

The Slocum Library building bears the
name of Dr. Charles Elihu Slocum, by whose
generosity, its erection in 1897 became possible,
he being the chief contributor to the building-
fund. The building stands on the site for-
merly occupied by the Thomson Chapel. It
is 1 15 by 125 feet in dimensions, built of Bed-
f< n'd limestone, three stories high. The stack
room has an estimated capacity for 175,000
volumes. The reading-room, finely lighted
from above, is 60 by 100 feet in size.
In addition to the administrative offices of the
library, the building contains a series of rooms
equipped for seminary use, and several class-
and lecture-rooms.

The first ten years of the University were
years of limited outlay. During these years,
however, the need of a library was not only
recognized but steps were taken to meet it.
The agents of the University were authorized
to solicit books wherever they could and 700
fairly well chosen volumes were the result of
their efforts.

In 1853 Mr. William Sturges of Zanes-
ville, Ohio, offered to give $10,000 for books
if the church would build a library building-
costing $15,000. By this time about 3. OOO
volumes had been acquired by gift and solicita-
tion. In a short time after the offer of Mr.
Sturges. sufficient pledges were secured for
the erection of a building which was begun in
1855, and dedicated in 1856.

Meanwhile, President Thompson visited
Europe and purchased a valuable library of
about 3,000 volumes with the money — $6,-
600 — paid by Mr. Sturges. Contributions
were also received from Dr. Joseph Trimble
and William A. Ingham, members of the
Board of Trustees. After Dr. Ingham's
death, his widow placed in the library about
500 of bis private books. The widow of the
late Dr. Charles Elliott gave the bulk of his
private library, rich in patriotic and contro-
versial literature. The widow of Dr. James

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

225

F. Chalfant, of the Cincinnati conference, gave
his select library, consisting largely of philo-
sophical books. Benjamin St. James Fry. edi-
tor of the "Central Christian Advocate," St.
Louis, Mo., left his library of Methodist
Church history. Bishop Isaac W. Wiley be-
queather to the University his library in
memory of his son. The friends of Rev. John
X. Irwin. D. D., an alumnus of the class of
1S70. purchased his library for the University.
John O. McDowell. M. D., an alumnus and
trustee of the University, bequeathed his li-
brary of over 300 volumes as a foundation for
a medical library. This collection was supple-
mented by a gift from Mrs. Philip Roettinger,
of Cincinnati, of about 200 volumes from the
library of her father. A. C. McChesney. M. D.,
of Cincinnati. John W. King, an alumnus
and trustee, secured for the library fairly com-
plete sets of the great English quarterly re-
views and monthlies. Several of the Univer-
sity clubs, especially the Delaware Association
of Alumni, contributed liberally. Numerous
individuals made special additions of books in
art, criticism, historical research and English
literature. Being a depository, the library re-
ceived copies of all United States Government
publications as well as Ohio State documents.
In 1898, the Slocum Library building was
dedicated, having been completed at a cost of
about $65,000.

After the library was removed to this
building. Dr. M. J. Cramer, ex-consul to
Germany, bequeathed his library of 5.000
volumes. John Williams White, Ph. D., pro-
fessor of Greek in Harvard University, a mem-
ber of the class of 1868. purchased abroad a
library of 2,000 volumes, which constituted a
working library in Greek and Latin. At the
time of removal into the new building, the
total number of volumes owned by the library
was 24.870. The number of accessions by gift.
exchange, binding and purchase now equals
55,148. The number of periodicals received
has been increased three fold now numbering
about 400. The library is now open seventy-
three hours per week, an increase of twenty-
nine hours and the recorded circulation for
1906-07 was 31.710; which does not take into

account the use of 6,500 books and periodicals
in greatest demand kept on the Open Shelf.

Of even more importance than this growth
and increased use of the library, is the steady
progress made in library administration. The
introduction of modern library methods has re-
sulted in a working library well fitted to supply
the needs of a thousand students.

Athletics. In 1888 the students took up
among themselves a subscription of about
$800 for a gymnasium. The Hon. Charles
W. Fairbanks, of the class of 1872. added
$2,000 to this amount. The total cost of the
building which is located southeast of Elliott
Hall, was $5,000, the balance being paid from
the general fund of the University. The gym-
nasium was equipped with the needful appa-
ratus, but did not prove as successful or as
useful as was hoped, for the want of a com-
petent trainer, who could devote his time to
this work. The Athletic Association of the
students was formed in 1890, and has been
carried on with characteristic interest. The
University appropriated two acres of ground
for this purpose, and the Association fenced
the grounds, graded the surface and erected a
grandstand for spectators. The cost of these
improvements borne by the Association was
about $2,000.

The John Edwards Gymnasium was named
for the late Mr. John Edwards, at the time
of his death a member of the Board of Trustees
of the University, and whose widow and son
were the principal contributors to the building
fund. The Gymnasium cost about $75,000,
and was opened February 22, 1908. It is a
rectangular structure 150 by 83 feet, with one
projecting bay in front and two in the rear,
to accommodate the stairways — a solid and
substantial building, the first nine feet of stone,
the remainder of brick, with stone trimmings,
and the roof of red tile. In the basement are
a swimming-pool 50 feet long and 22 feet wide,
having a water depth of four feet at one end and
seven feet at the other, the gift of Mr. Z. L.
White, a trustee of the University, and several
large courts that can be used for hand-ball,
bowling alleys and drill rooms for the military
companies of the University. The second tl « ir

226

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

. contains the administrative offices of the Di-
rector of the Gymnasium, a locker room having
a capacity of 700 lockers, and bath and towel-
ing rooms. On the third floor is the main
gymnasium, 150 feet by S3 feet, which is
equipped with all the necessary apparatus for
a complete gymnasium. Above it and sus-
pended from the roof is a running track of
fifteen laps to the mile. The main floor will
accommodate banquet tables for 1 ,200 persons,
and for such occasions there is a fully equipped
kitchen with 7,000 dishes.

The athletic field is located east of the
gymnasium. It is 000 feet long and 400 feet
wide. There is a quarter-mile oval track and
a 100-yard straight-away. The field is almost
level, but is a little higher in the middle. The
surface water runs to the track and straight-
away which carry the tile for drainage. The
grand stand and bleachers are located at the
west end of the field and have a capacity of
1. 000. There are also several lawn tennis
courts. The ticket office and gateway were
built as a memorial by the class of 1807. The
grading, fence, grand stand, bleachers and
gateway cost $11,000.

Art Hall, formerly the residence of Mr.
G. W. Campbell, was purchased at a cost of
$5,000 by Dr. A. J. Lyon and Mrs. Abbie
Parish, and presented by them to the Univer-
sitv in 1898. It is devoted to the work of the
Art Department of the University.

Hartupee Hall, which was opened in
1899, was presented to the University by Dr.
and Mrs. Gaylord H. Hartupee, to be used
as the home of missionaries' children while
they are being educated at the University. The
house and property are maintained by contri-
butions secured by a Board of Directors, an
organization in no way connected with the
University.

The Perkins Astronomical Observa-
tory, which occupies an excellent site on the
old Barnes property, is a handsome building of
pressed brick, with a frontage of 62 feet. It
includes a dome for the telescope, a transit
room, clock room and computing and library
room. It was built in 1892, and represents
an investment of over Si 5,000.

THE CLEVELAND COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND

SURGEONS MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF

OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY.
(Roland E Skeel. M D., Dean.)

The Cleveland College of Physicians and
Surgeons was founded in 1863 by Dr. Gustav
C. E. Weber, who, during the Civil War, was
surgeon-general of the State of Ohio. It was
then known as Charity Hospital Medical Col-
lege, and was the pioneer in providing hos-
pital and clinical advantages for its'students —
this feature continues to be one of its chief aims
for the junior and senior students.

In 1869 it became the Medical Department
of the University of Wooster, ami remained
as such until 1896, when it became affiliated
with the Ohio Wesleyan University and re-
ceived its present name. Its graduates hold-
ing diplomas as Doctors of Medicine from the
Ohio Wesleyan University, are recognized as
members of the Ohio Wesleyan Alumni As-
sociation, with all the rights and privileges
pertaining to the same.

More room and better facilities were re-
quired to properly carry out the teachings
made necessary in the advancement of labora-
tory work, and to this end the new building,
at the corner of Central Avenue and Browned
Street, in which the College is now established,
was built, the value being conservatively placed
at $60,000. It was completed and dedicated
on November 22, 1900.

THE OHIO WESLEYAN FEMALE COLLEGE

MONNETT HALL.

In the establishment of the University,
while no provision was made for the education
of women, there was a felt want that the
daughters of the church should have the same
privileges of education as were afforded to the
sons. The rapid growth and the success of the
University increased this sense of want, es-
pecially in the case of families whose sons were
entered in the University. The first at-
tempt to supply this demand was made by the
Rev. William Grissell and wife, who came
to this place in 1850. Encouraged by the

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

227

citizens, Mr. Grissell bought the old Academy
building in South Delaware and opened a
ladies' school in September of that year. The
attendance was encouraging; but, in 1852, Mr.
Grissell found that he could no longer carry
on the work with success. At this time the
idea of a college for ladies was taking hold
of the public mind, and several meetings of
citizens who were interested were held in re-
lation to the matter. Just at this time, in 1852,
the parish now known as St. Paul's, in South
Delaware, had been constituted of a small
colony of about thirty members, mostly from
William Street Methodist Church, of which
the late Rev. John Ouiglev was appointed
pastor. They met for worship in the chapel
of Mr. Grissell's school: and, in order to re-
tain their place of worship, and for other local
reasons, encouraged the movement for a col-
lege on this site. Accordingly, the property
was bought from Mr. Grissell. and an or-
ganization effected under the name of "The
Delaware Female College."

But it was felt by many that the location
for a successful college must be more eligible
and the accommodations more ample than the
old Academy and two-fifths of an acre of
ground could present. To Dr. Ralph Hills is
due the first suggestion of the homestead of
the late William Little as the most desirable
site in Delaware. This suggestion met with
instant favor, and when it was found that the
family consented to sell th^ property, an or-
ganization was at once effected and a subscrip-
tion was opened to obtain the needed amount.
The result was that in April. 1853. "The
Ohio Wesleyan Female College" acquired "a
local habitation and a nam..."

Among the incorporators, twenty in num-
ber, were Dr. Ralph Hills, Prof. William L.
Harris. James C. Evans, Augustus A. Welch,
Rev. Joseph Avers, and Prof. William G.
Williams.

The property which the incorporators
bought contained seven acres, to which three
acres were subsequently added (1867). The
price paid for the original purchase was $7,-
000, and for the addition nearlv as much nv >re.

The property was at once offered to the North
Ohio Conference, and accepted by that body,
with the right of perpetuation of the Board
of Trustees. Subsequently, the Central Ohio
Conference and the Ohio Conference became
joint patrons of the school with equal rights.

In the course of the first year, the necessity
for more room was felt, and a two-story
wooden house with chapel and large recita-
tion rooms was erected as a temporary re-
lief. This served the purpose for a few years,
but the continued growth of the school led,
in 1855, to larger plans. The southern wing
of a building which was supposed to be large
enough for the probable wants of the school
was first erected ; then, after some years, the
central block and the other wing.

The means for all this expenditure were
raised mostly through the labors of agents ap-
pointed by the patronizing Conferences. Of
these, the Rev. Joseph Avers, at that time
presiding elder of the Delaware District, was
the first ; and a large part of the initial labor
of founding the school was done by him. By
indefatigable effort, the means were gradually
obtained, and the end was at last reached.
Of the many who contributed to this cause,
particular mention must be made of Miss
Mary Monnett. afterwards Mrs. John W.
Bain, a pupil of the school, who, in 1857, gave
$10,000 toward the building fund. Her timely
help made the completion of the building cer-
tain and immediate ; and in recognition of her
benefaction, the entire building bears the
name of "Monnett Hall."

About 1870 the south wing of this build-
ing was injured by fire. The roof and the
upper story were destroyed, and other parts
deluged with water. But the operations of
the school were not suspended, and the parts
burned were immediately replaced, better than
before.

The school was always self-supporting,
and. for most of the time, the tutition and the
boarding fees not only paid the faculty, but
yielded some revenue for the general purposes
of the institution. A scheme for an endow-
ment by scholarships, similar to that of the

228

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

University, was at one time attempted, but the
attempt was soon abandoned, and no perma-
nent fund was ever secured.

In 1866 certain ladies, mostly alumnae of
the institution, organized themselves into an
association to raise a fund for a college library.
They soon had about $2,000, which sum the
trustees borrowed for the completion of the
College buildings, as being just then a more
pressing want than the acquisition of a library.
But. in 1869, Mr. William A. Ingham, of
Cleveland, who had undertaken to fill an al-
cove in the University library, gave this col-
lege $1,000 worth of books, in honor of his
wife, formerly Miss Mary B. Janes, who,
in 1858-62 had been the teacher of French and
belles-lettres in the College. In view of this
donation, the Board ordered the Executive
Committee to fit up a library and reading-room
in the central building, and to invest $1,000
of the ladies' library fund in books. The bal-
ance of the loan the Board had not repaid
when the union of the schools took place ; and,
in view of the large University library, which
thus became accessible to the ladies, and the
inability of the Board, the association fore-
bore the formal collection of the amount.

The first president of the College was Prof.
Oran Faville, M. A., of McKendree College,
Illinois, and Mrs. Maria M. Faville was the
first preceptress. Their united salary was
fixed at $1,000. A number of other
teachers were appointed in the academic and
musical departments. The first term opened
August 4, 1853, and the calendar was arranged
to agree with that of the University. The
enrollment the first year was 159, and the
number of pupils attending each year after-
wards generally largely exceeded 200, and
sometimes reached 300. In 1 855 President
Faville's health compelled his resignation and
he removed to Iowa, of which State he was
subsequently lieutenant-governor, and com-
missioner of public instruction. His succes-
sors were the Rev. James A. Dean, who re-
mained but a short time, and Rev. Charles D.
Burritt, who also resigned before the end of
a year. The Rev. Park S. Donelson, D. D..
was elected in 1856, and remained President

for seventeen years, until 1873, when he re-
signed to engage in pastoral work. The next
President, and the last before the union of the
two institutions, was William Richardson, M.
A., who had been favorably known in public
school work, and who, in 1877, resigned to re-
enter that field.

The degrees conferred by the institution
were Mistress of Liberal Arts for those who
took the classical course, and Mistress of Eng-
lish Literature for those who took the scien-
tific course. The classical course embraced
studies largely the same, at first, as those in
the University, except Greek. This language,
too, was finally included as optional, and upon
the few who took the entire course the degree
of Eiachelor of Arts was conferred.

The graduates of the College numbered,
in 1877, when the union with the University
took place, over 400. They have long had an
alumnae organization, and the local graduates
have, for many years, maintained a literary
association with monthly re-unions.

One of the original articles of association,
adopted in 1853, provided that it at any time
the union of the two institutions could legally
be effected, it should be brought alxxit. It
was not until a quarter of a century had passed
that the friends of this movement felt strong
enough to bring to fruition the hope that had
been entertained by some, at least, of those
who had participated in the establishment of
the College.

In 1877. the Board of the University
adopted a resolution, that, if the trustees of
the Female College should discontinue the
academic work of that school, and transfer the
property, free from debt, to the trustees of the
University, they would accept the property,
and open the University to the ladies, and
would establish a special course of study of
high order for ladies, with appropriate degrees
for the completion of the course. The propo-
sition was accepted. A debt of about $9,000,
which had been incurred for additions to the
campus, was paid by the Ohio Central Con-
ference from the amount raised for the Uni-
versity by its agents ; and thus the University
came into the unincumbered possession of a

Mi INNETT HALL. 0. W. U

JOHN' EDWARDS GYMNASIUM, 0. W. U.

ELLIOTT HALL. 0. W. U.

ART HALL, O. W. U.

STURGES HALL, 0. \V. U. CHARLES ELIHU SLOCUM LIBRARY, 0. W. U.

VIEWS OF OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY. DELAWARE

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

231

property worth at least $100,000. had an ad-
dition of nearly 200 students per annum to its
enrollment, and ,gained an increase of thirty
per cent, in its income. There were other
gains. The union of the schools removed a
distracting question from the councils of the
University and the Church, put this large and
influential school abreast of the sentiment and
progress of the age, and concentrated upon it-
self the interest and the benefactions which
had been diverted to another institution, or
altogether lost between the conflicting claims
of the two rival schools. The advantages from
the union of the schools and from co-education
of the sexes are so manifest and so great, that,
in summing up the result, minor inconveniences
can be patiently adjusted or quietly ignored.
There has also been a reflex beneficial influ-
ence on the development of the Ladies' De-
partment. The expensive tuition fees were at
once cancelled, as all the ladies were admitted
to the University on scholarships. The at-
tendance of ladies rapidly grew to three times
what it was the year before the union was
consummated. In 1876 the number of ladies
was 172; for the five years prior to 1894, it
ranged from 444 to 537; the enrollment for
the fall term in 1907 was 502. This number
is far beyond what the founders of the Female
College expected in their most sanguine hopes.
In 1890 the building was enlarged to twice its
former size, at a cost of over $50,000. The
old Monnett Hall of the Female College, with
its two wings and central block, is now, in
fact, but one of the wings of the new Monnett
Hall of Ohio Wesleyan University. The
building as it now stands is 200 feet long, 100
feet wide, and four stories in height. This
large building has ample accommodations for
250 ladies, giving each a separate room or
suite of rooms. The upper floors are acces-
sible by several wide stairways, or by an ele-
vator. The building contains an assembly
hall or chapel, conservatory of music, reception
rooms, parlors, library and reading-room well
supplied with books and periodicals, three halls
for the ladies' literary societies, and a large.
light dinine-room.

The veranda of Monnett Hall was built at
an expense of $5,000, which was paid by that
generous friend of the University, Mr. D. S.
Gray, of Columbus, Ohio. A loggia, or art
annex, is being constructed. This will add
fifteen feet to the width of the building for a
distance of thirty-five feet, and in the space
thus acquired, numerous works of art will be
placed. The cost of this improvement will
be about $2,500, which is being defrayed prin-
cipally by Mrs. Anna Clason. There are now
about 3.000 volumes in Monnett library. At
the beginning of the fall term of 1907, there
were 502 young ladies enrolled at Monnett
Hall ; of this number 260 reside at the Hall,
besides officers, teachers and help. For the
first six years, until 1883, Dr. W. F. Whitlock
was Dean of Monnett Hall ; since that date
Dr. C. B. Austin has filled the office.

RESULTS ACCOMPLISHED.

A brief glance at the results actually ac-.
complished by the University will be of inter-
est. Unfortunately, the statistics have not
been collated to date and we shall therefore
have to content ourselves with a quotation
from "Fifty Years of History," which brings
the figures down to 1894.

"Two thousand one hundred and eighty-
six students have been graduated. About
seven times that number have drunk at the
same fountain for a longer or shorter period,
in the earlier history of the institution the
relative number of those not graduated was
much larger than in recent years.

"Three hundred and seventy-seven gradu-
ates have been ministers of the Gospel, and
six thousand five hundred years of service
already stand to their credit. * * * Af-
ter the war many of the graduates began to
seek professional training in the leading uni-
versities of this country and of Europe, and
have secured the degrees of M. A. and Ph. D.
from them. More than one hundred have
taken a full post-graduate course in law and
received the degree of LL. B.. and are in the
van of advocates and jurists in many of the

232

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

States of the Union. The same is true of the
medical profession. Some sixty of the gradu-
ates have become college presidents, about
three times this number college professors,
and a still larger number have been instructors
in academies and the public schools. Dr. Nel-
son estimates six thousand years of service in
the work of teaching. * * * He also says
that one hundred and forty-six homes have
been built up in which both husband and wife
are alumni of this institution ; that sixty of the
University's grandchildren have been gradu-
ated ; and that great-grandchildren have al-
ready been enrolled.

"The statistics make clear what has long
been the pride of trustees, faculty and friends
— a prevailing missionary spirit. Sixty-four
graduates and fifteen undergraduates have
gone to the ends of the earth in the holy
and heroic crusade of missionary work. They
are in every mission field of the Church, save
Africa. Such men as Drs. Nathan. Sites and
H. H. Lowry in China; T. J. Scott and Wil-
liam A. Mansell, in India ; J. F. Thomson and
Charles W. Drees, in South America, will
indicate the cast and the efficiency of the
workers sent forth."

The enrollment of students in the Univer-
sity for the first year was one hundred and
ten and gradually increased until in 1850 it
numbered two hundred and fifty-seven. The
next year showed 506 names. This sudden in-
crease was due to the system of cheap scholar-
ships put into successful operation that year
by the Board of Trustees. Since 1851 the
attendance has always been large. Only once,
in 1863. the dark year of the war. has the
aggregate fallen as low as 300; and up to the
union of the two schools it usually exceeded
400. After that event, the enrollment sprang
at once to more than 600 and in two years went
up to nearly a 1,000. The University has ma-
triculated upwards of 26,000 students. The
enrollment in the departments at Delaware,
but not including in this statement the Medical
College at Cleveland, is as follows for the past
fourteen years: 1894, 785; 1895, 8 4 8 ; 1896,
763; 1897, 736; 1898, 775; 1899. -~2\ 1900.
757; 1901, 802; 1902, 800; 1903, 886; 1904,

905; 1905, 914:1906, 921; 1907, 1,003.
The most cordial relations have always
existed between the University and the citi-
zens. No invidious class words are known
here such as, in the University towns of the
Old World, mark the antagonisms between the
university and the people — "Gown and town;"
"College and Philistines." Living as most of
the students do, in the families of the citizens,
intermingling in the same circles, attending
the same churches, members of the same po-
litical or other organizations, many of the stu-
dents coming from the families of the town
and many of the students from other places
finally intermarrying with the families here,
there has been no possibility, as there has been
no occasion, for antipathy between them.

SUMMARY OF DEPARTMENTS WITH ROS-
TER OF OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRA-
TION AND OF INSTRUCTION.

The College of Liberal Arts, established in 1S4.4.

The Academic Department, established in 1841.

The School of Music, established in 1877.

The School of Fine Arts, established in 1877.

The School of Oratory, established in 1894.

The School of Business, established in 1895.

The College of Medicine (Cleveland College of
Physicians and Surgeons), founded in 1863, incorpor-
ated with the University in 1896.

OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION.

Herbert Welch, D. D. LL. D., president.

Professor William Francis Whitlock, D. D., LL. D.,
vice-president ; Dean of Men.

Professor Cyrus Brooks Austin, D. D., Dean of
Women ; Dean of Summer Session.

Professor Mary Wheeler Newberry, M. A., Asso-
ciate Dean of Women.

Professor John Henry Grove, M. A., Principal of
the Academic Department.

Professor William Emory Smyser, M. A„ Registrar.

Assistant Professor Russell Benjamin Miller, B. D.,
Ph. D., Librarian.

Professor Lewis Gardner Westgate, Ph. D., Curator
of Cabinets ; Secretary of the Faculty.

Professor William Garfield Hornell, Ph. D., Superin-
tendent of Buildings and Grounds.

Katharina Christiana Schock, B. L., Assistant Li-
brarian.

Helen Isabel Albright, B. L., Cataloguer.

Emma Lavinia Kirk, B. L., Assistant Cataloguer.

AXD REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

233

Louise Christine Schrote, Reference Librarian.

James Harvard Denney, Reading Room Attendant.

Ethel Stout, B. L, Secretary to the President.

Sarah Irene Disney, B. A., Secretary to the Regis-
trar.

Marie Antoinette Disney, B. L., Secretary to the
Registrar.

FINANCIAL OFFICERS.

Sue Clippinger, Auditor; 2~\ North Sandusky
Street.

James Crawford Roberts, M. A., B. D., Financial
Secretary, 175 North Liberty Street.

Darius Lyman Edwards, M. A., Field Agent, 16
West Fountain Avenue.

Lemuel Dyer Lilly, M. A., Land and Loan Agent,
New Hayden Building, Columbus, Ohio.

Rev. Aaron Jackson Lyon, D. D., Financial Agent,
North Ohio Conference.

Rev. Isaac Fenton King, D. D., Financial Agent,
Ohio Conference, Columbus, Ohio.

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION.

College of Liberal Arts and Academic Department.

William Francis Whitlock, D. D., LL D., Brown
Professor of the Latin Language and Literature.

Rev. Hiram Mills Perkins, M. A., LL. D., Emeritus
Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy.

Jchn Henry Grove, M. A., Professor of Latin.

Rev. Richard Parsons, M. A.. Wright Professor of
the Greek Language and Literature.

Cyrus Brooks Austin, M. A., D. D., Parrott Pro-
fessor of Mathematics and Astronomy.

Rev. William Walter Davies. M. A., B. D.. Ph. D.,
Professor of German and Hebrew.

Robert Irving Fulton, M. A., Professor of Elocution
and Oratory.

♦Richard Taylor Stevenson, B. D., Ph. D., James
S. Britton Professor of American History

William Garfield Hormell, Ph. D., Professor of
Physics.

Clara Albertine Nelson, M. A., Professor of French.

Trumbull Gillette Duvall, B. D, Ph. D., Professor
of Philosophy, and Amrine Professor of Christian Evi-
dences.

Edward Loranus Rice, Ph. D., Professor of Zoology.

Rollin Hough Walker, M. A., S. T. B., Ph. D., Eliza
Meharry Jeffers Professor of the English Bible.

Lewis Gardner Westgate, Ph. D., Professor of Ge-
ology.

William Emory Smyser, M. A., Dr. Benjamin F.
Cessna Professor of the English Language and Lit-
erature.

*Absent on leave.

Mary Wheeler Newberry, M. A., Professor of
English.

George Oswin Higley, Ph. D., Professor of Chem-
istry.

Benjamin Lincoln McElroy, B. D., Ph. D., Morris
Sharp Professor of Theology.

William Henry Menges, First Lieutenant. Coast
Artillery Corps, U. S. Army, Professor of Military
Tactics.

George Gorham Groat, M. Pd., Ph. D., Associate
Professor of Economics on the Homer E. White
Foundation.

Gordon Nelson Armstrong, M. A., Associate Pri 1-
fessor of Mathematics.

*Grace Stanley. M. A., Assistant Professor of Latin.
Emma Louise Konantz, M. A., Assistant Professor
of Mathematics.

Russell Benjamin Miller, B. D., Ph. D., Assistant
Professor of Greek, and Acting Chrisman Professor
of Biblical Literature.

Wesley Branch Rickey, B. L. Director of Athletics.
John. Wesley Page, B. A.. Director of Gymnasium.
William Henry Siebert, M. A., Professor of Euro-
pean History, Ohio State University, Lecturer in
History.

Edmund Daniel Lyon, M. A., Principal of Wood-
ward High School. Cincinnati, Ohio, Lecturer in
Pedagogy (Summer Session, 1907).

Mary Elizabeth Davies, Instructor in German.
Evelyn May Albright, M. A., Instructor in English.
Nathaniel Waring Barnes, M. A., Instructor in
English (Summer Session, 1907).

Sarah Cory Cantwell, B. A., Instructor in Greek.
Charles Wellington Edwards, John W. Richard-
son Instructor in Engineering.

Theodora Louise Blakeslee, B. L., Instructor in
French.

Allen Anders Seipt. Ph. D., Instructor in German.
William Rader Westhafer, B. A., Instructor in
Mathematics (Summer Session, 1907).

Robert Pelton Sibley, M. A., Instructor in English.
Russell Hissey Erwine, B. L, Instructor in History.
George Norton Thurston, B. S., Instructor in
Physics.

George Richard Kingham, B. A., Instructor in
Philosophy.

Harriet Pyne Grove, B. L., Instructor in Latin.
Homer Calvin Bayliss, Instructor in Engineering.
Daniel Abraham Ferree. Instructor in Mathematics.
Edith Salmans, Instructor in Spanish.
Jason McVay Austin, Major of Cadet Battalion.
Murray Thurston Titus, Leader of Cadet Band.

SCHOOL OF MUSIC.
Charles M. Jacobus, Director, Instructor in Piano
and Theory.

234

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

*Isabel Thomas, Instructor in Piano and History
of Music.

Clara Faville Williams, B. A., Instructor in Voice.

Edith Emma Bratton, Instructor in Violin.

Emma Adele Crane, Instructor in Harmony, Coun-
terpoint, and Piano.

Edward Young Mason. Instructor in Organ and
Piano.

Jessie Wilma Pontius, Instructor in Piano and
History of Music.

John Adam Bendinger, Instructor in Voice and
Vocal Sight-Reading.

Harry Nelson Wiley, Instructor in Piano.

SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS.

Sallie Thompson Humphreys, Director, Instructor
in Decorative Design, Oil and China Painting.

Mary Bertha Purdum, Instructor in Antique Draw-
ing and Water Color Painting.

SCHOOL OF ORATORY.

Robert Irving Fulton, M. A., Dean, Professor of
Elocution and Oratory.

Lucy Dean Jenkins, M. A.. Instructor in Elocu-
tion, Oratory, and Physical Culture.

Pearl Myers Leas, B. L, Instructor in Elocution
and Oratory.

Thomas Clarkson Trueblood, M. A., (Professor of
Oratory, University of Michigan.) Lecturer and In-
terpretative Reader, Ann Arbor, Mich.

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS.

Lycurgus Leonidas Hudson, M. A., Principal, In-
structor in Accounting, Banking, and Business Prac-
tice.

Estella May Hutchisson, B. A., Instructor in Short-
hand, Typewriting and Correspondence.

Harry Wicklifife Crist, B. A., Instructor in Com-
mercial Law.

Harry Pudens Greemvall, Assistant in Business
and Ornamental Penmanship.

Frank Decatur Steger, Assistant in Commercial
Arithmetic.

George Clausing, Assistant in Advertising.

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE.
(Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons)
Cleveland, Ohm. t

Roland Edward Skeel, M. D., Dean, Professor of
Obstetrics.

Clyde Ellsworth Cotton, M. D.. Emeritus Profes-
sor of Anatomy, Black Mountain, N. C.

Charles Franklin Dutton, M. D.. Emeritus Pro-
fessor of Medicine and Clinical Medicine.
*Absent on leave

Henry Warren Rogers, M. D., Emeritus Profes-
sor of Medical Diagnosis and Clinical Medicine.

Marcus Rosenwasser, M. D., Professor of Dis-
eases of Women.

Albert Rufus Baker, M. D., Professor of Ophthal-
mology.

Daniel Buttrick Smith, M. A., M. D.. Professor of
Ophthalmology.

Charles Barnsdall Parker, M. A., M. D., M. R. C.
S., Professor of Clinical Surgery.

Samuel Walter Kelley, M. D., Professor of Dis-
eases of Children.

Joseph F'ranklin Hobson, M. D., Treasurer, Pro-
fessor of Principles of Surgery.

Henry Ebenezer Handerson, M. A., M. D.. Pro-
fessor of Hygiene and Sanitary Science.

John George Spenzer, Ph. D., M. D„ F. C. S., Pro-
fessor of General and Medical Chemistry and Phar-
macology.

John Bernard McGee, M. D., Secretary, Professor
of Therapeutics.

Robert Pollock, M. D., Professor of Materia
Medica.

Thomas Charles Martin. Ph. D., M. D., Professor
of Proctology.

Edson Burton Bauder, M. A., LL. B., Professor
of Medical Ethics.

Robert Gilcrest Schnee, M. D., Professor of Bac-
teriology and Pathology.

Charles John Aldrich, M. D., Professor of Neur-
ology.

Morris Daniel Stepp, M. D., Professor of Opera-
tive Surgery.

Arthur Julius Skeel, M. D., Professor of Anatomy
and Lecturer on Obstetrics.

Milton Jay Lichty, Ph. B., M. D.. Registrar, Pro-
fessor of Medicine.

John Nicholas Lenker, M. D., Professor of Otology,
Rhinology and Laryngology.'

Martin Friedrich, M. D., Professor of Medicine.

Benjamin Franklin Hambleton, B. S.. M. D., Pro-
fessor of Physiology.

Alfred Clum, LL. M„ Professor of Medical Juris-
prudence.

Nathan Weidenthal. B. A.. M. D., Associate Pro-
fessor of Diseases of Children.

Charles Given Foote, M. D., Associate Professor
of Genito-Urinary Diseases and Lecturer on Surgery.

Frederick Yingling Allen, M. D., Associate Pro-
fessor of Histology.

George Seeley Smith. M. A., M. D., Associate Pro-
fessor of Medicine.

Augustus Farlin House, M. D., Associate Professor
of Clinical Surgery.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

235

LECTURERS AND ASSISTANTS.

Edward Lauder, M. D., C. M., Lecturer on Ophthal-
mology.

Lillian Gertrude Towslee, M. D., Lecturer on Dis-
eases of Women.

Norman Cary Yarian, B. L., M. D., Lecturer on
Medicine.

Adolph Steiner, M. D., Lecturer on Rhinology,
Otology and Laryngolgy.

Adams Bailey Howard, M. D., Clinical Lecturer
on Mental Diseases.

Harry Bertolette Kurtz, M. D., Lecturer on Der-
matology and Venereal Diseases.

Henry O. Feiss, B. A., M. D., Lecturer on Ortho-
pedic Surgery.

Joseph Charles Placak. M. D., Lecturer on Path-
ology.

Ralph Kinsey Updegraff, M. D., Lecturer on Physi-
cal Diagnosis.

Julius Goldfinger, M. D., Lecturer on Obstetrics.

Harry J. Stoll, M. D., Lecturer on Surgery.

Edward Patrick Monaghan, M. D., Lecturer on
Osteolcgy.

Frederick William Linn, M. D., Instructor in
Physiology.

Henry Charles Crumrine, M. D., Instructor in Com-
parative Anatomy and Embryology.

Frank Roth, M. D.. Instructor in Medicine.

Homer John Hartzell, M. A., M. D., Instructor in
Diseases of Children and Assistant in Chemistry.

Willis Theodore Parsons, M. D., Instructor in Dis-
eases of Women.

Clyde Ellsworth Ford, M. D., Instructor in Sur-
gery.

Edwin Alan Hannum, M. D., Instructor in Electro-
Therapeutics.

Asa Fleming Voak, M. D., Instructor in Materia
Medica.

Israel Biskind, M. D.. Assistant in Diseases of
Women.

Alexander William Lueke, M. D., Assistant Dem-
onstrator of Anatomy.

Sherman Eldon Carlton, M. D., Assistant in Dis-
eases of Children.

Herbert Leslie Plannette. M. D., Assistant in His-
tology.

Warner Hoskins Tuckerman, M. D., Assistant in
Ear, Nose and Troat.

Walter Ball Laffer, M. D., Assistant in Mental and
Nervous Diseases.

Pearl Aaron Hahn, M. D.. Assistant in Dermat-
ology.

Cora Sechrist, M. D., Assistant in Ophthalmology.

Julius Moses Rogoff. Assistant Demonstrator in
Physiology.

EXTRAMURAL TEACHERS.

John Vincent Gallagher, M. D., Lecturer on Sur-
gery at St. Alexis Hospital.

Thomas Joseph Calkins, A. M., M. D., Lecturer on
Medicine at St. Alexis Hospital.

Milton Jay Parke, B. S., M. D., Lecturer on Medi-
cine at St. John's Hospital.

Augustus Farlin House, M. D.. Lecturer on Sur-
gery at St. Clair Hospital.

J. Arthur Jones, M. D., Lecturer on Medicine at
St. Clair Hospital.

Frank A. Stovering. M. D., Instructor in Surgery
at St. John's Hospital.

Walter Gustav Stern, B. S., M. D., Instructor in
Orthopedic Surgery at Mt. Sinai Hospital.

Grace Dean Outland, Assistant Secretary.

THE OHIO WESLEYAN TRANSCRIPT.

The official publication of the students of
the University is the Ohio Wesleyam Tran-
script, a sixteen-page paper that is issued
weekly during the academic year by a board
of editors appointed after a competition. Its
publication is vested in a permanent organiza-
tion, consisting of the junior and senior mem-
bers of the editorial staff in any single year and
three representatives of the Faculty. This
board administers the business affairs of the
paper, passes on the work submitted by the
candidates for vacancies on the editorial staff,
and makes appointments to the staff. The edi-
torial conduct of the paper is entirely in the
hands of an editor-in-chief and his associates,
who are responsible for its policy, and for the
various departments, local, athletic, exchange,
literary, and Monnett, which comprise the
paper.

The Transcript was established in 1866 by
Joseph B. Battelle. of the class of 1868. under
the name of The Western Collegian; in 1873
the name was changed to The College Tran-
script. In 1874 the ladies of the senior class
at Monnett were admitted to a representation
on the editorial corps. In 1902. when the
present method of competitive appointment
was adopted, the name was changed to The
Ohio Wesleyan Transcript. In 1888 Wilbur
F. Copeland. of the class of 1889, started
The Practical Student, a weeklv that for ten

236

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

years was a contemporary and a vigorous
rival of the Transcript.

We give below brief sketches of the five
distinguished men who have filled the office
of President of the University.

1. The Rev. Edward Thomson, M. D., D.
D., LL. D. He was torn in 1810, at Portsea,
England ; but by growth and education he was
an American. His home from early youth
was at Wooster, Ohio. He received a good
classical training, and afterward graduated in
medicine at Philadelphia. In 1832 he entered
the ministry, in the Ohio Conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, anil at once be-
came noted for his ability as a preacher and a
writer. In 1838 he was chosen principal of
the Norwalk Seminary, the first Methodist
school in the State of Ohio. His success here
established his reputation as an educator, and
pointed him out as the fittest man for the
presidency of the University, to which po-
sition he was elected first in 1842, and again in
1844. In the spring of the last named year,
he was elected editor of the Ladies' Repository
in Cincinnati, but resigned this office after
two years' service, to assume the active duties
of his position at Delaware. For fourteen
years he filled and graced this office. No
college president in the Church has shown
larger administrative abilities, or won a more
enviable place in the affections and admiration
Mt' College and Church alike. In i860 he was
called by the General Conference to edit the
Christian Advocate, in New York; and again,
in j 864, to the higher office of bishop in the
Church. He died suddenly in Wheeling, W.
\'a.. March 22, 1870.

President Thomson taught but little dur-
ing his connection with the University. He
usually had the senior class in one study, but
he found his happiest field of instruction and
influence in the Sunday lectures before the
University. It was here that he made his won-
derful power felt, and left the lasting impress
of his thoughts and spirit on his rapt listeners.
His lectures, whether written or extemporized,
were models of sacred eloquence, worthy of any
audience for their depth, beauty and fervor.
Bishop Thomson's publications are numerous,

and his literary remains yet in manuscript are
very extensive.

2. The Rev. Frederick Merrick, M. A.
He was born January 29, 18 10, a native of
Massachusetts, and was educated at the Wes-
leyan University, Conn. In 1836 he became
principal of Amenia Seminary, New York,
and in 1838, professor of Natural Science in
Ohio University, Athens, and member of the
Ohio Conference. For one year, 1842-43, he
was pastor of the Methodist Church in Mari-
etta. In 1843 tne Conference appointed him
financial agent of Ohio Wesleyan University,
to which institution he thereafter devoted his
life for fifty-one years.

In 1845 he was elected professor of Nat-
ural Sciences, and was made acting president
for the year, until Dr. Thomson entered upon
duty. In 185 1 he was transferred to the chair
of Moral Philosophy; and, on the resignation
of President Thomson, in i860, he was chosen
as his successor. He held the office for thirteen
years; and then, in 1873, m view of failing
strength, he resigned the presidency, and was
appointed lecturer on Natural and Revealed
Religion. This relation to the college he sus-
tained for twenty-one years, until his death.
In addition to his other duties, President Mer-
rick was auditor of the University for nearly
forty years, and often acted as its agent in
raising the endowment, or in getting funds for
improvements upon the buildings and grounds.
He died March 5, 1894.

President Merrick's life as an educator
was one of marked excellence and influence.
His interest in young people and his sympathy
with them in their work were unbounded. As
a teacher, his enthusiasm and devotion knew
no limit. As a man of affairs, he possessed
rare foresight, wisdom, and efficiency. His
consecration, self-sacrifice, and generosity to
the institution of which he was so great a
part were complete. By his Christian zeal,
earnest appeals, spiritual leadership and
saintly character, he moved multitudes to a
Christian life, and by the cultivation of a
missionary spirit among the students, his in-
fluence has been felt to the ends of the earth,
through those whom he inspired to go thither.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

237

Ani<mg- all who knew him his presence was felt
as a benediction, and the example of his daily
life as an inspiration to a stronger Christian
manhood. And the wise provision which he
made in the "Merrick Lectures before the
University" for the stated inculcation of relig-
ious principles and practice, will perpetuate his
influence in the University, the Church and the
world.

After President Merrick's resignation, the
Rev. Fales Newhall, D. D., of Boston, was
elected to the presidency; but. from prostra-
tion induced by intense and continued literary
work, he was unable to enter upon his duty,
and resigned his office the following" year. Dr.
Newhall died April 6, 1883. The University
meanwhile, and until the accession of his suc-
cessor, was for three years successfully ad-
ministered by Prof. McCabe, the senior and
vice-president of the University.

3. The Rev. Charles H. Payne, D. D.,
LL. D. President Payne was born at Taun-
ton, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1856 at
Wesleyan University, Middletown. Connecti-
cut. He taught several terms in his early
years, and was tutor for six months after
graduation, but spent most of his life in the
ministry. A vigorous thinker, an accomplished
speaker and writer, and a devoted pastor, he
served some of the leading Methodist churches
in Brooklyn, Philadelphia and Cincinnati. It
was from this last city that he was called to
the presidency of the University in 1875. He
took his seat the following year. His admini-
stration began in the gloomiest days of finan-
cial depression ; but the growth of the Uni-
versity during his administration was rapid
and great. A quickened interest for the Uni-
versity was felt throughout the Church ; the
patronizing Conferences were stimulated to
renewed efforts for the endowment ; the school
was advertised on a much more liberal scale
than before; the area of its patronage greatly
enlarged ; and, not least, the University and
the Female College were united. As the re-
sult of all these influences, both the enroll-
ment and the income of the University were
doubled in a few years, and the endowment was
largely increased. Dr. Payne was always

alert for the interests of the University. It
was during his administration that the beauti-
ful President's House was built, in 1885 (on
a lot given by Mr. Mast ) , at a cost of $10,000.
Dr. Payne remained president for thirteen
years, until his election by the General Con-
ference to the office of corresponding secre-
tary of the Board of Education.

4. The Rev. James W. Bashford. Ph. D.,
D. D., was born in Wisconsin. He graduated
at the University of Wisconsin in 1873, and
was elected tutor in Greek. He took post-
graduate courses in Boston University, in
theology, oratory and philosophy, completing
these courses in 1879. In 1880, and again
in 1887, Dr. and Mrs. Bashford spent many
months abroad, traveling and visiting the Ger-
man universities. His pastoral work began
while he was a student in the School of The-
ology ; and he here revealed the characteris-
tics that were to make his ministry so marked
a success. He subsequently filled leading pas-
torates in Portland and Buffalo. He declined
repeated invitations to professorships and to
the presidency of colleges, but in 1889 accepted
his election to the presidency of Ohio Wes-
leyan University as a call from God.

President Bashford's genial personal
qualities, and his remarkable ability and ver-
satility in the class-room, in the religious cul-
ture of the students, and in the management
of affairs, gave him a strong hold on the Uni-
versity. During his administration, the
growth of the school was rapid, constant and
gratifying. Its scholastic, religious and ma-
terial interests were never more promising.
The courses of study were reconstructed, the
work better digested and distributed, the fa-
culty strengthened, the enrollment of students
greatly increased, the buildings doubled in ex-
tent and convenience, and the endowment in-
creased one-third. Dr. Bashford resigned on
June 14, 1904. During the interregnum, Dr.
William F. Whitlock served as acting-presi-
dent.

5. Rev. Herbert Welch. D. D.. LL. D.,
was installed as president of the University
on June 21 1905. Dr. Welch was born in

2 3 8

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

New York City, November 4, 1862, where his
father, Peter A. Welch, was engaged in busi-
ness as a merchant. He was graduated from
the New York grammar schools, with the
Girard medal, in 1877. He subsequently en-
tered Brooklyn College and Polytechnic In-
stitute and was graduated therefrom in 1880
with a diploma for proficiency in the scientific
course. He then spent two years in classical
study and in 1882 entered the Wesleyan Uni-
versity at Middletown, Conn., where he con-
tinued as a student for several years, being
graduated in 1887 with the degree of B. A.
He was out of college, however, in 1884 and
1885. In 1890, after a three years' course he
was graduated from the Drew Theological
Seminary with the degree of B. D.. and in the
same year obtained his M. A. degree from
Wesleyan University. He received that of
D. D. from the same college in 1902, and
that of LL. D. in 1906. In 1902-03 he was a
student in Oxford University, England.

After his graduation from Drew Semin-
ary Dr. Welch filled successively various pas-
torates in the New York Conference and af-
terwards in the New York East Conference;
he was pastor of the First Church at Middle -
town, Conn., in 1898- 1902, and pastor of the
Chester Hill Church. Mt. Vernon, N. Y.,
1903-1905. In the year last mentioned he
accepted and entered upon the duties of his
present position as president of the Ohio Wes-
leyan University at Delaware. His services
in this capacity have been eminently satisfac-
tory. Dr. Welch is the author of various
scholarly contributions to religious literature
and is active in promoting various educational,
missionary and other religious and philan-
thropic enterprises. Several years of his life
have been spent in travel in the United States,
Canada and Europe. He was married in
1 891 to Adelaide F. McGee, of Plainfield,
New Jersey, and has two children — both
daughters.

CHAPTER. XIII.

RELIGIOUS OR CHVRCH HISTORY OF DELAWARE COVNTY.

First Churches and Pioneer Ministers — General History of Religious Organizations

Churches and Clergy of Today.

"Ye pioneers, it is to you
Our debt of gratitude is due ;
Ye builded better than ye knew

The broad foundations
On which the superstructure stands ;
With noble aim and willing hands.
Your earnest labor still commands
Our veneration."

It is highly commendable to the early set-
tlers of this county that the teachings of the
Christian religion were felt in every settle-
ment. What a lesson to the ministers of the
present day, with their beautiful churches and
good salaries, as they look back on the toil
of those early men who labored with little
compensation, traveling through the forests,
with no blazed path, with no companion, but
the faithful horse they rode, visiting the scat-
tered settlers in their log cabins and planting
the Cross of the Christ, as the symbol of the
redemption of men.

It is not possible to state, certainly, who
was the first minister to visit and preach the
first sermon in the bounds of Delaware County.
But, as far as known, it was Rev. Joseph S.
Hughs, who came from Washington, Pennsyl-
vania, in 1810.

Rev. Hughs was a Presbyterian minister.
He possessed a liberal education, oratorical
power of superior order, and, naturally, a pleas-
ant and persuasive voice. He had the repu-
tation of being one of the most effective
speakers known to the old settlers. He ex-
celled iri the social circle, and had a great love

for festivity and amusement. An incident il-
lustrating this is reported in Howe's Historical
Collections of Ohio, but as often is the case,
Mrs. Rev. C. H. Perkins, who remembers him
well, says the incident related there is over-
drawn, and in part not correct. Mrs. Per-
kins is still living at this date, 1908. It was the
custom at that time to call ministers to ac-
count strictly for their conduct, and he was at
one time called before his Presbytery, and
made his own defense and was completely
vindicated. He organized the Liberty, Dela-
ware and Radnor (now Radnor Thompson)
Presbyterian churches, the first organized
churches in the country. Rev. Hughs con-
tinued to supply these churches, and do much
pioneer work in all parts of the county unt'l
the fall of 1823. with the exception of a few
months during the War of 18 12, when he
was chaplain. He was with Gen. Hull when
the latter surrendered at Detroit, and returned
to Delaware after that event. About the same
time that Rev. Hughs came, a Baptist minister
by the name of Jacob Drake came, and was
active in the early work connected with that
denomination, and many of the early societies
took their origin from his work. Revs. Hughs
and Drake established the first paper ever pub-
lished in the county, and the Delaware Gazette
is the continuance of that paper. His salary
being small, he also served as clerk of court
and recorder for many years. In the fall of
1823. there was an epidemic of fever and Rev.
Hughs died from that cause. He was buried

240

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

in the old graveyard, east of O. W. U., and
near the Odevene Spring. At the time of the
removal of the old cemetery, his remains were
removed by his grandson. Dr. D. E. Hughs,
to Oak Grove Cemetery, on the lot of Dr.
Hughs. The grave of Rev. Hughs had not
been marked, but the remains, which had been
buried in a walnut coffin, were so preserved
at the time of removal, 1900, that they were
identified. Rev. Hughs was a brother-in-law
of Moses Bixby, the founder of Delaware.

Having noticed the pioneer beginning of
the early Christian work of Delaware County,
we will gather the history of the churches by
towns and townships.

THE CHURCHES OF DELAWARE.

DELAWARE PRESBYTERIAN.

This church was organized under the la-
bors of Rev. J. S. Hughs, a licentiate, with
fourteen members. In connection with this
church, the Liberty Presbyterian Church, and
what is now the Radnor Thompson Church,
were organized, and for many years all three
were under the care of a joint session. Rev.
Hughs was ordained in 181 1. and was stated
supply of these churches until his death in
1823, except during the short time he was ab-
sent as chaplain in the War of 181 2. Rev.
Henry Vandeman became pastor in 1824, and
continued until 1838. During this time a stone
edifice was erected. Alexander Anderson, the
two Ferrises and Robert Brown were well
known elders. The membership in 1837 was

215-

At this time the controversy between Old
School and Xew School ran high, and culmi-
nated in the division of the Presbyterian
Church at Philadelphia in the spring of 1838.
Rev. Vandeman attended that General As-
sembly, and voted with the New School party.
The Delaware church voted by a majority to
go into the New School body. A part of the
congregation separated themselves, and united
with the Old School body. Both parties re-
tained the name of Marion Presbytery, so that
there were two Marion Presbyteries. Rev.

Vandeman continued pastor of the New
School branch. The Old School was vacant,
only having occasional supplies from 1838 to
1 84 1. Rev. John Pitkin served as stated sup-
ply from 1 84 1 to 1845 inclusive. In April,
1848. Rev. Vandeman and his congregation
made the request and were received by the Old
School Presbytery, and the two congregations
were again united. Rev. Vandeman continued
pastor of this church until i860. A large
brick church, the audience room of the present
church, was erected. In 1841 a great revival
occurred in Delaware, and on the part of many
dissatisfaction took place with the ways and
activities of the old church. On November
8th, fifty-four members withdrew from the first
church and were organized by a committee
from the New School body, consisting of Revs.
Franklin Putnam, Henry Shedd, and Henry T.
Hitchcock, as the Second Presbyterian Church
of Delaware. The Second Church soon after
its organization erected a frame building be-
tween Franklin and Sandusky Streets, on the
south side of Winter Street, and at the time
of organization David McCullough, John Mc-
Elroy and Manly Covell were chosen elders.
Franklin Putnam was stated supply from 1842
to 1845. Joseph Tuttle, afterwards president
of Wabash College for many years, was pas-
tor from 1846 to 1847; Charles W. Toprey,
stated supply from 1848 to 1850; Gideon
Dane, stated supply from 1851 to 1852;
Charles H. Delong, pastor from 1852 to 1855.
Rev. H. Newton, who afterwards became
chaplain at the Ohio Penitentiary, and died at
Mt. Vernon, August, 1878, was pastor from
1856 to 1865. The membership in i860 was
257. Calvin W. Mateer supplied the First
Church from 1861 to 1863. Rev. Mateer then
went to China as a missionary, and has spent
a successful and honored life in that country.
Milton W. McMillen, two sons of whom are
now. honored ministers in the Presbyterian
Church, was stated supply from 1863 to 1804,
and pastor from 1865 to 1867. J. L. Lower,
now H. R. at Denver, was stated supply from
1867 to 1868, and David King from 1869-
1870, and Robert Maclaren, 1871. The mem-
bership in 1870 was ninety.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

241

The reunion of the Old School and New
School assemblies took place at Pittsburg in
1869. Soon after this the two congregations
began negotiations to unite, and on the 7th
of June, 1870, the Delaware Presbyterian
Church was formed of the two congregations,
in accordance with an act of the Ohio Legis-
lature passed April 2, 1870, and had been
ratified by a vote of each church. The build-
ing of the Second Church was sold, and is m >w
occupied with offices and business places, and
the united congregation occupied the First
Church building. The reunion of the two
Presbyteries, Marion Old School and Marion,
then changed to Franklin New School, oc-
curred at Delaware. September 13. 1870.
Rev. C. H. Perkins preached the sermon, and
Rev. Henry Shedd was chosen moderator. In
February, 1870. Rev. Robert Maclaren began
preaching to the united congregation and was
called as pastor, which relation continued until
1873. Mr. Maclaren is now a pastor on the
Pacific coast. Rev. N. S. Smith was called
after Rev. Maclaren, and was installed pastor,
which relation continued until 1878. During
the pastorate of Rev. Smith, the church build-
ing was remodeled, a new front with spire was
added, the basement enlarged and improved,
the audience room reseated and frescoed, and
fitted with stained glass windows, all costing
$1,200. Rev. A. D. Hawn, of Zanesville,
Ohio, was called to succeed Dr. Smith in De-
cember, 1878, and entered on his work in
January. 1879. The membership was 463.
Dr. Hawn served the church nearly a quarter
of a century. During his ministry the church
was continuously prosperous, large amounts
were contributed to all its benevolences, ac-
cessions were made at every communion sea-
son, an addition was added to the rear of the
church, and a pipe organ installed. Dr. Hawn
is honored by all churches and classes of Dela-
ware, and is still living, and pastor emeritus,
and able to do some work. Rev. Paul R.
Hickok. assistant pastor of the Old Stone
Church of Cleveland, was called to succeed
Dr. Hawn, and was installed December, 1902.
The church membership is now, 1907, over
six hundred, and the congregation under the

care of Mr. Hickok is united and prosperous
in all departments of church work, and the
future is hopeful.

DELAWARE FEMALE COLLEGE.

The idea of establishing a Ladies' Semin-
ary had been contemplated by the Presbytery
for several years. Rev. James Smith had been
conducting, tor some time, an academy at
Marysville for young men and women. James
A. Stirratt taught for several years in this
school. The Methodists were interesting
themselves in Christian education at Delaware,
as were also the Presbyterians. In 1853, the
enterprise was undertaken and Delaware was
chosen as the place, and the old Seminary
property where St. Paul's Church now stands
was purchased on November 3, 1853. The
price paid, as reported by the committee was
$5,100, with interest from date; the whole to
be paid in three equal installments, at the
following periods: 1st installment, January
1. 1854; 2nd installment. May 1, 1854; 3rd
installment. May 1, 1855.

The committee had already signed the
article on their own responsibility, and the
school was then in operation, with about
eighty ladies in attendance. The report was
adopted and trustees elected as follows : Ahab
Jinks, Rev. Dr. Heard (M. E. Church), Henry
Van Deman, L. A. Brunei", I. N. Shepherd,
Dr. S. L. Yourtee, T. S. Powell, James A.
Stirratt. Dr. C. Fulton. John Ross. S. K.
Hughes. Dr. Yourtee had been connected with
the school previous to the purchase, and was
one of the two men in whom the title was
vested, and of whom the purchase was made,
and John Ross was the other.

Two mistakes were made : First, the field
was already occupied at Delaware by the
Methodists ; second, the Old Seminary build-
ing did not suit the new enterprise. The man-
agement fell into the hands of Henry Van
Deman, a man of energy and ability, but with-
out system. He made an active canvass for
subscriptions throughout the Presbytery, and
bordering churches, and obtained the promise
of a considerable amount of money. Instead

242

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

of opening an account and keeping a careful
statement of the financial business, he collected
as he could and applied the money where it
was most needed. In a few years the school
was deficient in funds, and a demand was made
for a report of receipts and expenditures. The
trustees were unable to give such a report.
This produced dissatisfaction and a loss of
sympathy. Things went from bad to worse
until the mortgage was foreclosed, and the
property was sold at sheriff's sale at a heavy
loss, to Samuel Miller, on the 5th day of
September, 1861, having been sold for $1,-
568. This left a burdensome debt on the
Presbytery. The churches were appealed to
time after time, but the full amount could not
be raised. Mr. Van Deman and Judge Powell
both became alienated and much trouble re-
sulted. It was taken to court but never
brought to trial, and final settlement was made
in April, 1882, by Hon. J. W. Robinson, who
paid liberally from his own means to have the
matter adjusted. The enterprise was under-
taken by the Presbytery in hope of doing much
good. It terminated in loss and disappoint-
ment.

st. peter's protestant episcopal church.

St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church
was organized in 181 7. by the Rev. Philander
Chase, afterwards ordained the first bishop of
the Diocese of Ohio. Bishop Chase came to
this state in March, 1817, and was an uncle to
Governor Chase of Ohio. The articles of or-
ganization were signed May 9, 1817, by Wil-
liam Little, William Mansur, Abner Root,
Aaron Strong, Solomon Smith, Thomas Put-
ter, Hezekiah Kilburn, Caleb Howard, James
Wolcot, Robert Jamison and Milo D. Petti-
bone, all of whom bore an important part in
the founding and growth, and fixing the des-
tinies of the city of Delaware. The first offi-
cers of the church were Aaron Strong and
William Mansur. wardens, William Little,
Thomas Rutter and Abner Root, vestrymen,
William Little, recording clerk. This church
was about the fifteenth in the order of or-
ganization in the state. During this year small

parishes were organized in Berkshire. Radnor
and Norton, all now extinct, by Rev. James
Kilburn, afterwards known as Colonel Kil-
burn. At that time there were but three Epis-
copal ministers in the state. The early pioneer
conditions of Delaware is graphically stated by
Bishop Chase in a letter dated July 10, 1817.
"Wednesday I went to Delaware, Thursday
to Norton, on the frontier of the United States
land, bordering on the Indian possession, ten
miles from Delaware." Occasional services
were conducted in the church by the Rev.
Bishop, Rev. William Sparms. Rev. Marius
T. C. Wing, and Rev. Philander Chase, Jr.,
until 1828, when Rev. Nathan Stem was
chosen rector, a popular preacher, a good man
and a gentleman. Large congregations at-
tended the church, many coming regularly
from Radnor and Berkshire.

The corner-stone of the first church edifice
in Delaware was laid May 1, 1825. under the
direction of Bishop Chase. It was a stone
building and stood where the present church
edifice stands, built after a Gothic model pre-
sented to the Bishop by Mr. Wilson of Iberry
House, near London. One hundred dollars
of the one hundred pounds sterling given to the
Bishop by the Countess Dowager of Rosse,
was cheerfully given and thankfully received,
towards its construction. Before that, the
congregation worshipped in the Court House,
which was used by other denominations for
the same purpose. It is reported that the
house was always full, an example of "Church
Union" which it would be well to imitate.

On April 21. 1827, the first Sunday school
in Delaware County was organized in St.
Peter's parish by Isaiah Whiting, of Worth-
ington, with Caleb Howard and Mrs. Webb
as superintendents. In 1830 the first church
bell was brought to town and hung in the
tower of St. Peter's Church. It served as a
town clock to the citizens, as it was rung by
Benjamin Woods at 9 A. M.. 12 »M., and 9
P. M. The latter was the signal for all per-
sons away from home, and all boys to hurry
home. The bell was afterwards hung in the
old Court House and later rang out all fire
alarms. In May, 1832, Rev. James McElroy

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

243

was chosen rector. He was a 'perfect specimen
of "a fine old Irish Gentleman" of superior
cultivation and talents, who was before that
a professor at Kenyon. In 1844 the old church
edifice became too antiquated for the improved
condition of the town, and was torn down in
give place to the present structure. Of the
present church Bishop Jaggar once said: "It
was the most churchly church in his diocese."
It was consecrated by Bishop Mcllvain, Au-
gust 7, 1846. The rectory was built in 1854.
and the parish house in 189.2.

The first visit of Bishop Mcllvain was
made December 5, 1832; Bishop Bedell, Oc-
tober, 1859; Bishop Jaggar, October 5, 1875,
and Bishop Vincent, October, 1887. It may
not be improper in this historical sketch to give
the succession of ministers. Thev are : Rev.
Mr. Stem, from 1828 to 1831 : Rev. Mr. Mc-
Elroy, from 1832 to 1835; Rev. Mr. Bails-
man, from 1835 to 1836; Rev. Mr. McElroy,
from 1836 to 1840; Rev. Mr. Gassaway. from
1N41 to 1843; R ev - Mr. Canfried, from ^844
to 1849; Rev. Mr. French, from 1850 to 1851 ;
Rev. Mr. McElrov, from 1852 to 1863; Rev.
Mr. Ufford, from 1863 to 1880; Rev. Mr.
Boyer, from 1880 to 1882; Rev. Mr. Bower,
from 1882 to 1891 ; Rev. Mr. Edwards, from
1891 to 1892; Rev. Mr. Marshall, from 1892
to 1894; Rev. Mr. Watt, from 1894 to 1901 ;
Rev. Mr. Walton, from 1902 to 1903; Rev.
Mr. Juny, from 1903 to 1906. Rev. Frank
H. Stedman is the present incumbent.

From its organization this church has been
highly favored in having the ministerial ser-
vices, both regular and occasional, not only
men of intellectual ability, but of de\ nit
Christian character, free from errors in doc-
trine, able and earnest preachers of the Gospel,
who lived as they preached.

WILLIAM STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL
CHURCH.

1 \hridged from the article written by the Rev.
Elias D. Whitlock, D. D., in 1879.)

William Street Methodist Episcopal
Church was the first of this denomination or-
is

ganized in the city of Delaware. It was plant-
ed some time in the year [819, by the Rev.
Jacob Hooper, of Hocking Circuit. Si
District, Ohio Conference, though there were
Methodists who had settled in the place and
meetings had been held at different times sev-
eral years before a formal organization. From
the most reliable data at hand it seems a class
of seventeen members was organized in this
year, consisting of Abraham Williams and
wife, James Osborne and wife, John E. De-
witt and wife, Thomas Galleher and wife,
William Sweetser and wife, Ebenezer Durfee.
Gordon Sprague, Franklin Spaulding and
wife, Stephen Gorman, William Patton, Moses
Byxbe and possibly others.

From the inception of the societv, until
the year 1822, the residence of Moses Byxbe
and the county Court House were the head-
quarters of Methodism in Delaware. During
this year, under a second pastorate of the Rev.
Jacob Hooper, the society decided to build a
house of worship, and appointed Stephen Gor-
man, William Patton, Moses Byxbe. Thomas
Galleher, Moses Byxbe. Jr., Elijah Adams,
Robert Perry, William Sweetser and Henry
Perry as trustees.

Lot Number" Sixty, original plat of the
site of Delaware, on the northwest corner of
Franklin and William Streets, was deeded
February 21,, 1822, by Moses Byxbe. Sh, and
Henry Baldwin and his wife. Sally Baldwin,
to the trustees of William Street Church in
trust. On this lot the first church structure
was erected. The edifice was a plain, square
structure with galleries on the east, south,
and west sides. The entrance was from the
south on William Street. There were two
rows of windows which gave the impression
of a two-story building from the external
view. At the north end of the auditorium
there was a box-like pulpit with an opening
on either side with eight steps. This gave the
speaker a full view of the congregation above
and below.

It is not known what this edifice cost, as
many of the subscriptions were made in ma-
terials and labor. Although commenced in
1822. it was not completed until some time in

244

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

the year 1824, when, with Thomas Mc-
Cleary as preacher in charge, it was dedi-
cated under the name of William Street
Church, by Jacob Young, the presiding elder
of Scioto District, Ohio Conference.

Here the Methodists of Delaware con-
tinued to worship until 1845, when, owing to
the growth of the society, and to the establish-
ment of the Ohio Wesleyan Un|iversity, a
larger church edifice was required to accom-
modate the growing congregation. Accord-
ingly, under the pastorate of Henry E. Pil-
cher, measures were adopted to erect "a new
house nf worship."

The records show that a committee of the
Board of Trustees was raised December 13,
1845, arR l authorized to dispose of the old
structure. This committee reported back to
the Board of Trustees December 29, 1845,
that they had contracted to sell the old edifice
to the school district for school purposes, for
the sum of $1,100. This building after being
used for various purposes has been torn down.

At this same meeting the trustees voted
to procure a site for a new church structure.
The site selected was Lot Sixty-one, original
plat, just across Franklin Street from the for-
mer site, on the northeast corner of Franklin
and William Streets.

On May 6, 1846, the building committee,
consisting of John Wolfley, Nathan Chester
and Augustus A. Welch, let the contract to
William Owston, "to erect a house of wor-
ship." The building was to be a neat, plain
church, 50 by 80 feet, two stories high, with
a vestibule in the front both above and below;
the audience room was to have a gallery across
the south end, and to furnish sittings for about
six hundred persons ; the seats and other wood
work to be of black walnut. The walls were
of limestone. This edifice was not finished
until the summer of 1847. The cost was about
$5,600. This edifice was capacious and well
built for its time. It was dedicated August
3, 1847, by Bishop Edmond S. Janes, assisted
by Rev. Thomas E. Bond, D. D., editor of the
Christian Advocate, New York.

The lot purchased for this new church
was not deeded to the trustees until four years

after the church had been dedicated. The
deed is dated June 2, 1851. The grantors are
William R. Piatt, Fanny R. Piatt, Ruther-
ford B. Hayes and Sophia Hayes. The trus-
tees named are Wilder Joy, Emery Moore,
Nathan Chester, John Ross, E. W. Littell,
John H. Dean, Abraham Blymyer, Augustus
A. Welch and John Wolfley. The parsonage
was erected in 1861, during the pastoral term
of Rev. Thomas Parker. This stone church
was replaced by the present elegant structure
in 1887.

William Street Church has been an ec-
clesiastical center for Methodism in Delaware.
She is not only older than the other Methodist
churches here, but she is their mother. In
1852, she gave St. Paul's Church to South
Delaware; in i860 she had something to do
with the origin and "raising" of Grace Church
in East Delaware, and in 1886, she gave As-
bury Church to North Delaware.

The ecclesiastical connections of William
Street Church have been varied. From the
time of its organization until 1840, it was un-
der the jurisdiction of the Ohio Conference.
Then it was attached to the North Ohio Con-
ference until 1856, when it was put into the
Central Ohio Conference, of which it is still
a part.

While an appointment of the Ohio Confer-
ence, it was for four years a part of Scioto
District, with Jacob Young as presiding elder;
from 1823 to 1825, of Lancaster District;
from 1825 to 1828, of Sandusky District with
James McMahon as presiding elder; from
1828 to 1833, of Portland District with Rus-
sel Bigelow and Greenberry R. Jones as pre-
siding elders; from 1833 t0 J 840, of Colum-
bus District, with Augustus Eddy, Jacob
Young and John Ferree as presiding elders. In
the ecclesiastical year of 1840-41, it became a
part of Bellefontaine District, North Ohio
Conference, where it remained until the year
1844-45, with William S. Morrow as presid-
ing elder. In 1845-46 it was assigned to Dela-
ware District, at whose head it has appeared
ever since, with the following presiding eld-
ers : John H. Power (1845-47 ) ; John Quig-
ley (1848-51); Samuel Lynch (1852-53);

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

245

Joseph Avers (1854): Henry E. Pilcher
(1855-58) : Thomas H. Wilson (1859-62);
Leonard B. Gurley (1863-66); Alexander
Harmount (1867-70); Daniel D. Mather
(1871-74) ; David Rutledge (1875-78. ; Isaac
Newton (1879-81); Leroy A. Belt (1882-
86) ; David Rutledge. Louis M. Albright, J.
M. Avann. L. A. Belt. J. H. Fitzwater and W.
McK. Brackney.

From its foundation until the ecclesiastical
year 1821-22, it was one of the preaching-
places on the Hocking Circuit : from this time
to the year 1840-41. it was the head of Dela-
ware Circuit. It had now reached a member-
ship of two hundred and ninety-six persons,
and at the Conference of 1841, it was declared
a "station," and Adam Poe was appointed
pastor. Since that time for almost seventy
years it has been one of the leading and most
flourishing stations in Ohio Methodism.

The appointments to William. Street, al-
lowing that name to cover its entire history,
are as follows, the years dating from about the
last of August or the middle of September :
1818, Jacob Hooper; 1819, Andrew Kinnear;
1820, James Murray; 1821, Jacob Hooper;
1822, Thomas McCleary; 1823, Thomas Mc-
Cleary and James Poe; 1824. Jacob Dixon;
[825, James Gilruth; 1826, Aimer Goff; 1827,
James Gilruth and Cyrus Carpenter; 1828,
David Lewis and Samuel P. Shaw; 1830,
Samuel P. Shaw and Alfred M. Lorain; 183 1,
Alfred M. Lorain and David Cadwallader ;
1832, Charles Goddard and J. M. McDowell;
1S33, Leonard B. Gurley and John C. Ha-
vens; 1834, John C. Havens and R. Doughty;

1835, Joseph B. Austin and William Morrow;

1836, Nathan Emery and Joseph B. Austin;

1837, John Alexander and Ebenezer T. Web-
ster; 1838, William S. Morrow and John W.
White ; 1839, William S. Morrow and John
Blanpied; 1840 and 1841, Adam Poe; 1842,
David Warnock: 1843, Adam Poe; 1844.
William L. Harris: 1845 and 1846, Henry E.
Pilcher: 1847, Cyrus Sawyer; 1848, E. Yo-
cum : 1849, Horatio Bradley: 1850 and 1851,
Lorenzo Warner; 1852, Joseph Avers; 1853,
Charles Hartley; 1854 and 1855, Leonard B.
Gurley; 1856 and 1857, Alexander Nelson;

1858 and 1859, James M. Morrow; i860 and
1861, Thomas Parker; 1862 and 1863, Loring
C. Webster; 1863, 1864 and 1865, Alexander
Nelson; 1866 to spring of 1869, Wesley G.
Waters; from spring of 1869 to fall of same
year. Park S. Donelson; 1869 and 1870, Dan-
iel D. Mather; 1871 and 1872, Franklin Mar-
riott; 1873, 1874 and 1875, Russell B. Pope;
1876 and 1877, Isaac Newton: 1878, 1879
and 1880, Elias D. Whitlock; 1881 and 1882,
Joseph H. Bethards; 1883-1886. Wesley G.
'Waters; 1886-1887, W. J. Hodges; 1887-
1890, Dustin Kemble; 1890-1895, Fletcher
Wharton; 1895-1897, C. R. Havighorst;
1897-1902, H. C. Jamison; 1902-1903, J. M.
Avann; 1903-1904. William W. Lance; 1904,
C. W. Barnes.

William Street Church all through her his-
tory has been the center of great spiritual
power. Though again and again a part of her
membership has left her to found dther
churches, she is still vigorous and strong, with
a membership of eight hundred souls.

The present church edifice was built in
1887, at a cost of nearly $42,000. It was
dedicated in 1888 by Bishop Charles McCabe
and President Charles H. Payne of Ohio Wes-
leyan University. The sum of $17,000 was
raised on that day.

This sketch would be incomplete without
reference to the noble men, most of whom
have gone to their reward, by whose liberality
and sacrifice this beautiful church structure
has been made possible.

In 1885, the project of erecting a new edi-
fice was the absorbing theme of the member-
ship of William Street Church. The question
of the site was a disturbing element, and finally
the membership divided on this point, the ma-
jority voting for the present site, the others
withdrawing and forming the nucleus of what
is now Asbury Church. In the year 1886, the
Board of Trustees, now re-organized, voted to
build a new church, and presented the enter-
prise to the membership with $7,000 subscribed
as a starter. The following names are men-
tioned in the vote : A. A. Welch. Dr. Calvin
Welch, J. C. Evans. Dr. ]. H. White. Thomas
F. Joy.'B. W. Brown, W. H. Pumphrey. F.

zt£>

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

P. Vergon, Charles Steenback and \Y. E.
Mcore. The members, though now dimin-
ished in number, loyally and liberally support-
ed the trustees. The largest donation from
one individual was given by Henry J. Eaton,
win i would never consent to take official posi-
tion in the church.

For eighty-eight years this society has
been in continuous existence. Throughout its
history, it has been marked in its influence on
Ohio Methodism. It has given some of the
brightest lights to the church anil its representa-
tives are found all over the world. It still
maintains the vigor and fire of youth, and pre-
serves the traditions of the fathers.

ST. MARK'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH.

The early history of the St. Mark's Evan-
gelical Lutheran Church is largely involved in
obscurity. The records now accessible are
meager and imperfect; something may, how-
ever, be ascertained from tradition, as well as
from such written records as are at hand. It
is well known that si >me Lutheran families
were scattered here and there among the earl-
iest settlers in Delaware County. Of these
pioneer families may be mentioned those of
Frederick Weis'er, Henry Worline, Mr. Wel-
schaus, Andrew Harter and others. They
were natives of Pennsylvania, coming here
from Northumberland, Bucks and other coun-
ties, and were settled in Delaware and the vi-
cinity as early as 1810 and 181 1. These few
families, many years ago, were more or less
regularly favored with the preaching of the
gospel. It appears from such data as are
within reach, that the Rev. Charles Henkel, of
Shenandoah County. Va.. was the first Luth-
eran minister who visited the Lutheran fami-
lies along the Olentangy River between Co-
lumbus and Delaware. Before any one
dreamed of railroads, before roads were made,
when Indian trails and footpaths were the
(inly lines of travel, this pioneer preacher
found the few scattered Lutherans in and
about the present site of the city of Delaware,
and readily succeeded in organizing them into
a pioneer congregation. Indeed, they were
glad once more to hear the old gospel tidings

that had cheered their hearts and had brought
peace and gladness into their former homes.
It was their delight to bring their little chil-
dren to Jesus by means of the same old bap-
tism to which they had .been so warmly at-
tached in former years, and to appear at the
altar where the same old sacrament of the
body and blood of the Lord was administered.
The old familiar sound made the wilderness in
which they had chosen their lot seem to them
like a new home. The old tidings of salvation
following them into the forests of Ohio, re-
minded them that God is everywhere present,
and pleasantly recalled the old, cheering prom-
ise, "Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the
end of the world."

But the bloom of civilization did not burst
forth in this wilderness without bard labor
and severe privation. For a very little while
it seemed well enough to have the word
preached in the small and inconvenient log
dwellings of the settlers. But soon the need
of a place of worship began to be felt. A
church was needed, and that meant work.
The productiveness of their primitive farms
was comparatively limited; market prices were
low, and money was hard to get. The people
usually found it difficult even to pay their
taxes. Accordingly, instead, at first, of build-
ing a church, the use of Shoub's Hall, on the
present site of the new City Hall, was secured
as a place of worship. Probably in this ball a
permanent organization of the Delaware Luth-
eran congregation was effected. A constitution
was adopted January 28, 182 1, and signed by
the Rev. Charles Henkel. pastor, ami by fifty-
five lay members. During the space of some
seven years. Pastor Henkel continued to
serve this congregation. He resided at Colum-
bus, Ohio, where he bad charge of another
congregation, but came to Delaware every four
weeks. Great success attended his labors, and
he was held in high regard by his hearers. He
preached in both the German and the English
languages, at first in Shoub's Hall, and then in
the old court room, which was for some time
used as a place of worship.

After Pastor Henkel had been called away
from his Columbus and Delaware charges, a
period of about fifteen years intervened, dur-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

247

ing which the congregation made considerable
progress in external growth; but the internal
gr< >wth seems to have been meager. The old
constitution was neglected and almost forgot-
ten. The people had almost lost sight of the
old landmarks of Lutheranism. Yet, during
this period of spiritual carelessness and indif-
ference, quite an amount of activity was dis-
played. The congregation was served by sev-
eral successive pastors. Rev. Mr. Shulz
served a very short time, and was followed by
Rev. Mr. Weil. Rev. Mr. Snyder, a young
man of promising talent and of good repute,
preached less than a year; he died in 1835,
and his body lies at rest in the old cemetery.
Subsequently, the Rev. S. S. Klein served
some eight years, and, during his pastorate,
the first church was built about the year 1834,
on the corner of William and Henry Streets,
the site now occupied by the German Reformed
Church. This church was the property of
both the Lutheran and the German Reformed
congregations. Quite an amount of real toil
and self-denial was required to accomplish the
work. The people contributed their money
and their time, and the labor of building was
shared by both pastor and people. Mr. Klein
worked faithfully and daily until the new-
church was ready to be occupied. Previous
to the building of the church, the Lutheran
people of Delaware had assisted, by their con-
tributions, in building the Episcopal Church,
in which they also, for a time, conducted their
divine service.

The former pastor, the Rev. Charles Hen-
kel, died at Somerset, February 2, 1841. His
death seems to have aroused the minds and
hearts of the people to a sense of duty. The
truth that had cheered and comforted them in
earlier davs was once more remembered, and
a few weeks after they had heard of the death
of their former pastor, a meeting was held,
at which the old constitution was once more
unanimously adopted, and the blessing of a
merciful God invoked upon the congregation.
About this time the Rev. Mr. Pope became
the pastor. But things do not seem to have
moved along smoothly; the readoption of the
old constitution made trouble, and some who

had learned to love the careless, free-and-ea>y
system of church government, that had i< >r
some time prevailed, were not willing to be
governed by the old power of Gospel truth.
Accordingly, a committee was appointed in
November. 1845. :o submit a revised form of
the constitution, as well as ways and means of
having it more stringently enforced. This
committee, consisting of John Hoch, George
Wachter Conrad Brougher, John Troutman,
Frederick Weiser and Benjamin Ely. met on
the 15th of November, and, at a subsequent
meeting of the congregation, their work was
approved and the revised constitution adopted
by a large majority.

In 1848, Mr. Pope removed from Dela-
ware, and. in 1849, tne R ev - M. Loy became
the pastor of the congregation. Mr. Loy la-
bored here with much success during a period
of some sixteen years. In the first years of
this period, the conjoint ownership of the
church property on the corner of William and
Henry Streets was dissolved, and the new
stone church on William Street was built in
1852, and has since been occupied by the con-
gregation. A new constitution, the one now
in use by the congregation, was adopted Au-
gust 31, 1852. The congregation increased
largely in membership, as well as in spiritual
prosperity ; not, however, without trials and
perplexities. Yet the Lord dealt very gra-
ciously with his people, causing many eyes to
be opened, so that the truth of His mighty
word was recognized and accepted. At this
time the contest with secret-societyism was
successfully waged. This is the history of a
Lutheran congregation, and no one should ex-
pect, in such a history, to find any peculiarities
omitted. Xot. however, in regard to this
question only, but in regard to all others, has
the congregation taken a truly Lutheran and
scriptural position. They who desire to form
a more intimate acquaintance with the di c-
trines of the Lutheran faith, have easy access
to them in our Book of Concord, and we con-
stantly challenge comparison of our doctrines
with the Holy Scriptures themselves. They
are our only rule of faith and practice. This
true position came to be occupied more and

248

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

more during the period of Mr. Loy's ministry.
Mr. Loy resigned his pastorate here to accept
a professorship of theology in the Capitol Uni-
versity, Columbus, Ohio, where he still re-
mains.

Prof. Loy's successor was the Rev. C. H.
L. Schuette, at that time a student of theology
in the Capitol University. The last baptism
administered by Mr. Loy was on July 16,
1865, and the first by Mr. Schuette was on
July 28th following, showing that the va-
cancy in the pastorate was very short. Mr.
Schuette served the people very acceptably
during nearly eight years, when he, too, was
called to a chair in his Alma Mater. Some-
time in the same year, i$7j. the Rev.
Emanuel Cronenwett accepted a call to this
congregation, and his labors here extended
from June, 1873, to January, 1877.

He was followed by Rev. H. A. Becker,
who came to Delaware May _'_'. 1877. in re-
sponse to a call extended by the congregation.
He served the congregation faithfully until
his death, which was in 1884. Lhider his pas-
torate the communicant membership was four
hundred and fifty.

After the death of Rev. Becker the con-
gregation was without a pastor for a space of
about seven months, but finally succeeded in
securing the services of Rev. Edward Pfeiffer,
who came to Delaware early in the year 1885.
Under his ministry a division took place in the
congregation occasioned by the secret society
question. An attempt was made on the part
of some members to break down the position
which the congregation had always held over
against secretism. This effort failed of its
purpose, hut resulted in the withdrawal of
many members who thereupon formed what i-
now St. John's Lutheran congregation. Rev.
Pfeiffer continued as pastor until 1890, when
he followed a call to Fremont, Ohio, and at
the present time is professor of theologv in
Capitol University, Columbus, Ohio.

The next man to serve St. Mark's was
Rev. J. Sheatsley. who took charge Septem-
mer 18, 1890. He labored here faithfully and
with manifest blessing and success for a pe-
riod of seventeen years. During his adminis-
tration a commodious Sundav-school room

was built to the church, also a handsome pipe
organ installed in the church auditorium. He
resigned his position here in August, 1907, to
follow a call to Columbus, where he is serving
as pastor of Christ Church, and also has
charge of religious instruction in Capitol Uni-
versity. The present pastor, Rev. F. B. Hax,
was installed October 6, 1907. St. Mark's at
present numbers some 300 communicant mem-
bers, is free from debt, and looks hopefully
into the future.

ZION REFORMED CHURCH.

Among the pioneer families of Delaware
County, there was a considerable numbeir
from East Pennsylvania. As they were all of
German descent, and were brought up in Ger-
man communities, they could feel themselves
properly at home only in their native German
element, and in the use of their own language.
Especially was this true in a religious view.
A characteristic of the Germans is that they
carry Germany with them in their hearts
wherever they go, and hence, wherever they
put up their tents, there is "Der Deutschen
Vaterland." Even the blessed Gospel seems to
them more precious when it is proclaimed in
the trumpet tones of the language of Luther
and Zwingle.

These families generally belonged to the
Reformed and Lutheran Churches. They had
found rich farms and comfortable homes here,
but they were far away from their kindred,
and the holy altars where they had been bap-
tized and confirmed. They were not in their
natural element. As the fish seeks the clearest
water, and the bird the purest air, so these
pious souls sought a congenial spiritual home
for themselves and their children. Nor did
they seek in vain. The longed-for and happy
hour came at last, when, in their own conse-
crated temple and around their own sacred
altar, they could thankfully and joyfully unite
in their beloved German Te Deum,

"Nun danket alle Gott,

Mit Herzen, Mund und Haenden,
Der Grosze Dinge thut,
An tins und alien Enden."

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

249

In the early history of Ohio and of Dela-
ware Countv, it is known that missionaries of
the Reformed Church made occasional visits
to the German settlements for the purpose of
preaching the Gospel and administering the
sacraments of the church. The earliest name
definitely known in the history of the present
Reformed Church of Delaware is the Rev.
Georg Weisz, who in a report of missionary
labors in 1821 speaks of having preached in a
home in the vicinity of Delaware. Henry Wil-
liard was another of the pioneer ministers who
visited Delaware. Under date of February 5,
1 833, a deed for a plot of ground at the south-
east corner of William aild Henry Streets was
executed by John Davis and Mary, his wife, to
Samuel Rheem, Gottlieb Albright and Benja-
min Ely. consideration $75. This plot of
ground seems to have been purchased for
church purposes, for the following entry,
taken from Delaware County records, vol. 23,
p. 96, as found in "Historical Sketch of Zion
Reformed," by Jacob Klee, was made long
after the church building was erected :

"Recorder's Office, Delaware, Ohio.

Samuel Rheem and Sarah his wife, Gottlieb

Albright and Mary his wife, Benjamin Ely and

Lydia his wife,

Zion Evangelical Lutheran and Reformed

Church of Delaware, Ohio.

West part of Out-lot Two, Consider-
ation $75.

Consisting of one acre and one hun-
dred and twenty rods.
Executed February 7, 1842. Recorded Feb-
ruary 15th, 1842."

In the year 1834 there was erected on the
plot of ground above referred to a church edi-
fice, the joint property of the Reformed and
Lutherans. It was built of stone, 30x45. and
cost Si. 300. For three years before they were
organized into a church, the Reformed mem-
bers worshiped in this house, and had the Gos-
pel preached and the sacraments administered
to them by the pastor of the Lutheran congre-
gation. But few besides themselves knew
that they were Reformed, and thev were com-

monly regarded as members of the Lutheran
Church.

By an act of the General Assembly January
2 3- l &37' Frederick Weiser, Samuel Rheem,
Benjamin Ely, Jacob Miller, Michael Kline
and associates were created a body politic and
corporate to be known as Zion Evangelical
Lutheran and Reformed Church of Delaware,
Ohio. In the same year the Reformed or-
ganized a separate organization. They se-
cured the services of Rev. C. H. A. Allardt,
the necessary steps were taken, an appropriate
sermon was preached, and "in the name of
God the Father, and the Son and the Holy
Ghost," they were declared to be a Christian
church, to lie known by the name of Zion's
Reformed Church, of Delaware, Ohio. Those
who had been chosen to fill the respective of-
fices were now solemnly ordained and in-
stalled. The church consisted of eighteen mem-
bers. Its first elders were Abraham Call and
Henry Fegley, and its first deacons. Jacob Mil-
ler and Israel Breifogel. The frail little bark
was now afloat on the sea.

This congregation stands in connection
with "The Reformed Church of the United
States," is under its control, "and is in all re-
spects governed by its rules and regulations."
The contents of its faith are the Holy Scrip-
tures, as set forth in the Heidelberg Cate-
chism; and its government, both in spirit and
form, is strictly presbyterial. Its aim is to
cherish and enjoy true Christian freedom, in
believing, and cheerful obedience to divine au-
thority and law. and to obtain salvation from
sin, and eternal life in Jesus Christ — the "Al-
pha and Omega, the beginning and the end."

From the time of its organization the Re-
formed congregation occupied the church
built in 1834. in common with the Lutherans.
And these twin sisters for many years pro-
ceeded together as harmoniously and prosper-
ously as could reasonably be expected. Still,
their relations were not always and in all re-
spects of the most satisfactory character. At
last, it seemed best to both parties to follow
the example of Abraham and Lot. and the
union which had existed so long was quietly
dissolved. The Reformed bought the Luth-

25°

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

eran interest in the 'Union Church," giving
for it all the ground belonging to it, except the
lot on which the church stood, and $400 in
cash. These $400, however, were to liquidate
a debt still resting on the property. This dis-
solution was effected in April, 1852. during
the pastorate of Rev. D. Rothrock.

In 1855 it was determined to remove the
old stone church and substitute for it one bet-
ter suited to their wants. Accordingly, a new
brick edifice was erected, 40x55 feet in size,
with an end gallery, and a basement arranged
for a parsonage and lecture room. Its cost in
money and labor was about $5,000. In 1868.
this was remodeled by building an addition of
twelve feet to its front, removing the gallery,
etc. Other changes and improvements were
made in 1877, costing together $2,300. This
edifice, now 4 ox 67 feet in size, is the one at
present occupied by the congregation.

The church has been served by the follow-
ing ministers: Rev. C. H. A. Allardt served
it from its organization in 1837 to 1839. He
was succeeded in 1841 by Rev. Jacob Van
Linge. who prosecuted his work until 1843.
Rev. Henry Hess became pastor in 1844, and
served until 1849. During this pastorate the
weekly prayer meeting was introduced. After
a period of six months. Rev. S. K. Denius
began his pastorate in the same year, and re-
signed- in 1 85 1. Rev. D. Rothrock became
pastor in 1852. and served one year. In [854,
Rev. M. G. O. Stern became its pastor, and re-
mained until 1857. In the spring of 1857,
Rev. J. B. Thompson began his labors as
pastor and served until 1862. On the first
day of January. 1863, Rev. John Vogt as-
sumed pastoral relations and served until July
1. 1892. Dr. Vogt, known as the "Marrying
Parson." was called from his earthly field of
labor Sunday, November 3. [901, at his home
on South Sandusky Street, Delaware. Dr.
Vogt was followed in the pastorate by the
Rev. I.. B. C. Lahr, whose pastoral relations
began January 1, 1893, and continued until
his death on April 11. [906. Dr. Lahr was
followed by the Rev. John C. Gekeler, the pres-
ent pastor, who began his labors September
15. 1007.

Numerous disadvantages and obstacles
have impeded its usefulness and prog-
ress from the start. Its original union
arrangement was never satisfactory, and
was, no doubt, a hindrance to both
parties. For many years. Its services
were conducted exclusively in German, and
many of its young people, and even entire
families, became dissatisfied and sought homes
in English churches. Since about 1875, tne
use of the German language has been discon-
tinued in the conduct of all public services of
the church. The burden of debt under which
the congregation labored for vears has been
entirely removed.

During the past quarter of a century Zion
Reformed Church has made substantial
growth in every way, her membership has in-
creased and her building improved at various
times. During the fall of 1904 a beautiful
pipe organ was installed at a cost of $1,500.
The congregation at present is engaged in se-
curing a home for its pastor. The societies
of the congregation are the Sunday School,
Ladies' Aid Society, the Zwingle Missionary
Society, and a Society of Christian Endeavor.
The membership is three hundred and twen-
ty-five.

THE GERMAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church dates back to 1836. In that
year. Rev. William Nast. D. D.. the first Ger-
man missionary of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, traveled through Central Ohio from
the river to the lake, preaching daily to the few
German settlers, here and there, who had
sought a home in this Western country. On
these mission tours. Dr. Nast passed through
Delaware and preached to the few of his coun-
trymen who were willing to hear his tidings.
About 1844. the Rev. John Barth. the German
pastor at Columbus, traveled through Dela-
ware and Marion Counties, and once more
looked up the Germans, in the interest of the
Methodist Church. In the revival meetings
which he held, many were converted and
joined the Methodist Church. This was the
beginning of the German Church in Dela-
ware.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

251

These people were poor and few, and their
meetings were held at first in private houses.
When these were filled, they moved, first to
the stone schoolhouse at the corner of Frank-
lin and Winter Streets, then to the old Metho-
dist Church, one square south, and then to
the old academy on Hill Street. In 1846, the
Rev. John Kindler became the pastor for one
year, and in 1847, tne R ev - G. A. Brauning.
During his pastorate, a little frame church
was built on a lot on Henry Street, given by
the first member of the church — Father Al-
bright. It was not long, however, that the lit-
tle building on Henry Street was large enough
to hold the congregation, and, in 1854, under
the pastorate of the Rev. G. Nachtrieb, a lot on
Hill Street was bought, and the present brick
church erected and dedicated in 1855, by
Bishop Simpson. From 1845, Delaware and
Gabon had constituted one mission, but in
1854 Delaware became self-supporting, and
was made a separate station. Since the estab-
lishment (if the mission, twenty-four preachers
and assistants have labored in this work.
Delaware belonged to the North Ohio Con-
ference until 1865, when the German Confer-
ences were organized, since which time it has
been attached to the Central German Confer-
ence.

The membership of the church has m it
been permanent, owing to the constant migra-
tion to the West, and the aggregate has never
exceeded one hundred and fifty members. For
many years the church declined on account of
deaths, removals, and fewer persons desiring
to hear preaching in the German language.
The society disorganized about four years
ago, and the building was sold in 1907 to
William Nye. The audience room is still used
Eor a mission, conducted by I. S. Walters, and
is filling a needed place in the religious life of
I )ela\\ are.

FIRST CONGREGATIONAL (WI'.I.SIl) CHURCH.

This church was organized in 1844. The
first Welsh sermon preached in Delaware was
delivered by Rev. George Lewis in the year
[841, at the residence of Mr. Henry Thomas,

on Washington Street, between William and
Winter. Prayer meetings were held from time
to time at this house from 1841 to 1844. In
this year the congregation was organized with
the Rev. Rees Powell as pastor, and with
twenty-two charter members, viz. : Henry
Thomas and wife, John E. Davis and wife,
John Rowland and wife, John Rowland, Sr.,
Reese Price, George Pugh, David Thomas,
John L. Jones, Robert Dolby. Thomas Row-
lands, Willliam Rowlands, John E. Davis,
Edward Williams, Mary Jones, Elizabeth
Jones, Catherine Rowlands. Jane Rowlands.
The first services were held in a small frame
school house between William and Winter
Streets, which was purchased and used until
1858, when a brick structure was erected on
Winter Street, between Liberty and Elizabeth
Streets. Rev. Powell continued pastor until
1862, when Rev. John H. Jones became pas-
tor, and served until in the 8o's. The member-
ship remained in all these years about the
same, between twenty and thirty. - The serv-
ices were held in the Welsh language and the
children did not learn this language, and so
one by one dropped away.

Several years ago, services ceased to be
held in this church, and the building was sold
to the Public School Board and has been re-
moved and the ground now forms part of the
north lawn of the West School Building.

st. mary's church, Delaware, ohio.

The Catholics of Delaware and the sur-
rounding country did not form a regular con-
gregation and had no resident pastor until the
year 1856, when the Most Rev. J. B. Pureed.
bishop of the Diocese of Cincinnati, sent the
Rev. Caspar Wiese. a middle-aged German
priest, to undertake the spiritual charge of the
few people who professed the Catholic religion
and resided in the city or neighborhood. But
for fully twenty years previous to that date,
missionary priests from all over the State had
visited at very irregular times, the little flock
for the purpose of administering the sacra-
ments, and of encouraging those, who, in spite
of their complete isolation, had tenaciously

252

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

clung to the religion of their forefathers. As
early as 1834 some German Catholic families
had settled in Delaware, among whom were
Gerhard Nuss, Chistopher Kirchner. and last
but not least, Adam Miller, the father of our
still-living, old and respected townsman, Mar-
tin Miller of West Winter Street. It may
be stated here as the plain truth, that had it
not been for the deeply religious zeal and piety
of said Adam Miller, little if any trace of dis-
tinctly Catholic worship would have been wit-
nessed in Delaware in all those years until
late in the fifties and the beginning of the six-
ties, when a large number of Irish Catholics
came and settled in East Delaware. It is not
known positively whether any Catholic clergy-
man visited Delaware until 1838 or 1839. but
on or about that time. Father Young from
Lancaster, Ohio, is remembered to have
reached the town and tn have celebrated the
first Mass, said or sung in Delaware, in the
front mom of a small frame house still stand-
ing today on the south side of Park Avenue
near Franklin Street in South Delaware, and
which was the residence of Adam Miller. From
then until 1850, only, or possibly twice a year,
would a Catholic missionary priest make his
appearance and remain over Sunday. But in
the meantime, and regularly every Sunday
morning. Mr. Adam Miller would convert his
front room into a little church, gather therein
as many of his Catholic neighbors as he could
notify, and devoutly preside over that part of
the Catholic worship which laymen could per-
form in the absence of a priest, such as the
recitation of the Rosary, the singing of hymns,
the reading of the Gospels of the Sunday and
Catechetical instruction. It was thus that the
spark of faith and religion was kept up and
transmitted by these few pious and simple-
hearted people to their children. In 1850 the
number of Catholics in Delaware had in-
creased somewhat; they were visited more
regularly by the neighboring priests of Colum-
bus, and finally they purchased a lot on Uni-
versity Avenue, on which a few years later,
in 1854, under the direction of Rev. Caspar
Borgess, afterwards bishop of Detroit, they
erected a little frame church, whose size, how-

ever, answered the purpose of their still very
small number for many years to come.

From 1850 to 1856 the little church was
attended irregularly by Father Borgess and
other clergymen from Columbus, and carefully
kept up by the few devoted pioneers who had
helped to erect it. Among them, were many
who may be still remembered by the present
generation, such as Adam Miller, the patriarch
of all of them, his son, Martin Miller. John
Shea, whose home near the church was at all
times hospitably open to the visiting priests,
George Kraus, John B. Zeller, Thomas Mc-
Donald, the father of our well known and
prosperous contractor, James McDonald,
Christopher Kirchner, John Grady, Sr., James
Cantwell and a few others. At this time,
however, all of those first pioneers of St.
Mary's Church have gone into eternity, with
the exception of Martin Miller, who, in spite
of his ripe old age, is still enjoying the best
of health in our midst, and gives good promise
to outlive many others who came to Delaware
long after him.

Towards the end of the year 1856. the lit-
tle congregation having received many acces-
sions by the immigration of a number of Irish
families, Rev. Caspar Wiese was installed as
the first permanent pastor, but there being no
pastoral residence, Martin Miller, who lived
then in the old brick house still standing on the
southwest corner of William and Union
Streets, shared his house with the forlorn
clergyman, and along with John Shea took
care that the newly appointed pastor was made
as comfortable as possible with the scanty sal-
ary the still very small congregation could
furnish him. From that time until today,
Delaware was never without a resident priest.
In the early fifties, when the Springfield rail-
road was being built, at least two hundred
Irish Catholic families from the neighbor-
hood of Listowel, County Kerry, Ireland, es-
tablished themselves in East Delaware, and
remained there permanently even after the con-
struction of the railroad. The number of
Catholics in Delaware increased at once al-
most tenfold, and the original little frame
church could not hold one-fourth of them.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

253

Rev. Henry Fehlings, who was one of the im-
mediate successors of Father Wiese, went to
work, therefore, with much vim and energy,
to enlarge the church, but the people being all
poor, it was impossible to build an entirely
new church. He struck, therefore, upon e.
very peculiar and ingenious idea, seldom, if
ever, carried out anywhere before him, and
which for twenty-five years to come, certainly
made St. Mary's Church in Delaware a some-
what queer and unsightly architectural curi-
osity. To the little frame church a much
higher and wider brick addition was in some
way attached, a process which gave to the
building as a whole, a most curious and in-
congruous appearance outside and inside. In
Father Fehling's mind, this improvement was
to be but a temporary shift for obtaining
room, and had he entertained the remotest
suspicion that this ungainly and unsightly
edifice would remain there for a quarter of a
century, he would certainly never have thought
of erecting it. The whole of it was only de-
molished in 1887.

During Father Fehlings' administration.
the congregation of St. Mary's also purchased
an old store room and frame house adjoining
the church on University Avenue, which build-
ings served, like the church, for twenty-five
years, as parochial school and pastoral resi-
dence. Had Rev. Henry Fehlings remained
in Delaware, there is little doubt that in a very
few years all these old, unsightly and dilapi-
dated buildings which were purchased simply
for emergency and temporary purposes, would
soon have made room for something more
suitable. But Father Fehlings was removed
very suddenly and abruptly to other fields of
labor, and then there came upon St. Mary's
Church and congregation a period of torpor
and sleepiness as to any material progress, sel-
dom witnessed in a congregation which num-
bered in 1869 at least one thousand souls.
Owing chiefly to very indifferent direction on
the part of the many pastors who succeeded
each other from 1864 to 1884, perhaps also to
the lack of initiative and encouragement 1 m the
part of the people, little or no attempt was
made in the following twenty years, to im-

prove the old church properties, which soon
became so dilapidated looking that they were
a positive disgrace to the street on which they
stood. Only once during that sleepy period,
in 1880, was there a slight awakening. Two
large lots on East William Street were con-
tracted for during the pastorate of Rev. N. E.
Pilger, with the vague intention of building
a new church thereon in the future. How-
ever, in 1884, when the present rector of St.
Mary's. Rev. Ph. Steyle, came to Delaware,
these lots were only about one-half paid it >r.
and there seemed to be little prospect for erect-
ing a new church. But precisely in that year
of 1884, a new and surprising period of activ-
ity succeeded those twenty years of neglect
and torpid carelessness. In less than six years,
that is from the spring of 1885 until 1890,
under the direction and initiative of the pas-
tor and the hearty co-operation of nearly all
the members of the church, a most beautiful
and large brick and stone church, a sch << il
house, a pastoral residence and a sisters'
house sprung up, as if by magic, on East Wil-
liam and Henry Streets, and were almost paid
for immediately by the congregation. From
worshipping in the meanest and most dilapi-
dated looking church in Delaware, the mem-
bers of St. Mary's Church in this year of
1908. possess, without the slightest doubt,
the most valuable, and architecturally speak-
ing, the finest looking church property in
Delaware. St. Mary's congregation, includ-
ing many farmers, numbers at this date in the
neighborhood of 1,400 souls. The new S:.
Mary's cemetery adjoining Oak Grove, was
purchased and solemnly consecrated by Bishop
Watterson in 1899. In the following list we
give the names of the clergymen who acted
as pastors of St. Mary's Church, from the
year 1856 to the present year, 1908: Rev.
Caspar Wiese from 1856 to i860. Rev. Jo-
seph Fitzgerald and his brother, Rev. E. M.
Fitzgerald, from i860 to 1862. Rev. Mc-
Sweeney to 1863. Rev. Henry Fehlings from
1863 to 1869. Rev. Joseph McPhilips from
1 So.', to 1874. Rev. A. O. Walker, J. B.
Schmidt and J. C. Goldschmidt each for a
few months in succession. Rev. N. F. Pilger

254

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

from 1875 to July, 1884, and from September,
1884, to the present year. 1908, Rev. Ph.
Steyle, who is therefore fulfilling the twenty-
fourth year of his long pastorate of St. Mary's
Church.

AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH,
OF DELAWARE, OHIO.

This church — within the bounds of the
North Ohio Annual Conference, since its for-
mation in 1882. but originally in the Ohio —
was organized late in the fall of 1845. tne
Rev. Daniel Winslow becoming its first pastor,
being appointed to its pastorate by the Rt.
Rev. Bishop Paul Quinn. from the Ohio An-
nual Conference, which convened in Colum-
bus, Ohio, October 18, 1845. The corner-
stone of the first building was laid in 1853,
and ere long Zion A. M. E. Church was dedi-
cated. In 1876 it was razed and rebuilt. The
cornerstone of this new edifice was laid by
Rev. John W. Lewis; the walls completed and
building roofed by Rev. J. B. Stansbury, and
the building finished, seated and opened by
Rev. N. M. Mitchell.

During the pastorate of Rev. Jesse Hen-
derson, 1880-3. a feud rent this church, and
some of its most substantial members, being
unjustly expelled, remained out and formed
what is now Trinity M. E. Church. On the
whole, it is safe to say at this writing the A.
M. E. is the leading church among the people
of African descent in the city. Three of its
ex-pastors have reached the bishopric, namely:
John M. Brown, James A. Shorter, and C. T.
Shaffer. One. O. J. W. Scott, is at present
chaplain in the United States army. While
some of its pastors showed clearly the doings
of slavery, yet among them have been found
polished men; teachers, jurists, theologians,
orators. Christian scholars, and some of these
were ex-slaves. There has been some dross,
too, among the gold; some pygmies amid the
giants; yet. somehow, God has used this dross
and these pygmies for his glory and the good
1 >t men.

One of the potent forces of this church
has been its native-born singers. Mr. Wil-

liam H. Alston, its chorister for years, pos-
sessed, say critics, one of the finest basso
voices in the state, if not in the country; he,
with his brother, F. B. Alston, being two of
the "stars" in the far-famed original "Dona-
van's Tennessee Jubilee Singers."

Its pastors have been : Revs. Daniel Win-
slow, Chas. Peters, Nelson Turban, Jesse Di-
vine, Levin Gross, Alex. Austin, W. B.
Lewis, William Davidson, Allen Brown. John
Ridgewav. John Tibbs, James A. Shorter,
John M. Brown, E. D. Davis. T. W. Roberts,
Rev. Grafton H. Graham, the historian, phil-
osopher, theologian and polished orator,
Stonewall Jackson, Robert Hurley, Jesse As-
burv. John Rickman, W. D. Mitchell, Na-
thaniel' M. Mitchell, G. W. Maxwell. John F.
Hamilton. P. Alston. H. A. Jackson, C. T.
Shaffer, John W. Lewis J. B. Stansbury.
Jesse Henderson, D. F. Caliman. O. J. W.
Scott, J. D. Singleton. H. W. Toney, L. E.
Tohnson, R. B. P. Wright, R. G. Mortimer,
Jesse H. Smith, E. Fort, J. M. Tate.

The foregoing list of pastors may not be
in exact order, as it was obtained from the
older members and citizens as they remember
them.

The present pastor, Rev. N. M. Mitchell,
is duplicating himself, having served as pas-
t< >r here quite a quarter of a century ago. The
present edifice is in fairly good repair, with a
membership of seventy-six and seven proba-
tioners.

From Rev. N. M. Mitchell it is learned that
while the Ohio Annual Conference was in ses-
sion in this church in April. 1865, a dispatch
was received saying. "President Lincoln has
been assassinated." In a few hours — the same
day — a second dispatch came, saying: "117/-
berforce has been burned to the ground." This
was the only college owned by the church.

st. Paul's methodist episcopal church.

St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, of
Delaware. Ohio, was originally within the
bounds of the North Ohio Conference, but at
the General Conference for the year i860 it
was transferred to the Ohio Conference, to

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

255

which it now belongs. In the fall of the year
[852, the Rev. John Quigley was appointed
li\ the North Ohio Conference to organize a
church within ;the southern boundaries of
Delaware to accommodate the membership of
that portion of the, then, village of Delaware.
The early records of the organization seem to
have been lost or destroyed. The first official
record of this church now extant is dated Oc-
tober 16, 1858. and includes the names of per-
sons who afterward became prominent minis-
ters of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for-
eign missionaries, ccillegfe professors and
business men of Delaware, and elsewhere.
Jacob T. Caples was the pastor in charge, and
Samuel Lynch, agent of the O. W. F. College.
The local preachers were : Tin imas Scott,
Stanley Stevens, George Lansing Taylor, J.
Bushong, L. J. Powell, Isaac Crook. Nathan
Sites, I. Mast, H. J. Clark. The exhorters
were H. M. Perkins. J. G. Deardorff, John
Sites, W. B. Edwards, L. P. Smith. 'The
stewards were lohn A. Clippinger, Hiram
Hull, Charles Niel, Nathan Ely, Paul Randall.
The class leaders ' were Watson Karr, Isaac
Crook, N. B. Edwards, James G. Deardorff,
W. O. Semans. Nathan Sites, George Lansing-
Taylor, Samuel Burkholder, H. M. Per-
kins.

From this date, the official records are re-
plete with such names as Dr. F. Merrick,
Prof. William Godman, Prof. John P. Lanorx,
Michael J. Cramer, Prof. H. S. B. Newton,
Prof. F. S. Hoyt, John F. Thompson, Rev.
Edward Thompson ( afterward bishop ) , and
many others. But in the space allotted us
for this sketch, it would be impossible to name
the many useful and afterwards prominent
men and women whose names are found on
the official records of this church, and the
reader must look to the biographical portion
of this volume and to other sources, to com-
plete the list.

But while we are unable to give a com-
plete history of the organization of the church,
we can give a complete list of the pastors whi 1
have served it from its organization down to
the present time. Beginning with the first,
the following: is the list:

Rev. John Quigley 1852- 1854

Rev. Thomas F. Hildreth 1854-1856

Rev. L. B. Gurley 1856-1858

Rev. Jacob T. Caples 1858-1859

Rev. H. S. Bradley 1859-1860

Rev. James F. Given 1860-1861

Rev. T. H. Philips 1861-1862

Rev. F. S. Hoyt 1862-1863

Rev. J. M. lameson 1863-1865

Rev. A. H. Windsor 1865-1867

Rev. George W. Brush. .. 1867-Jan. 25. 1868

Rev. L. B. Gurley Jan. to Oct.. 1868

Rev. David H.Moore (now Bishop) 1868-1870

Rev. Joseph H. Creighton 1870- 1873

Rev. Isaac Crook 1873-1874

Rev. Robert W. Manley 1874-1875

Rev: Samuel A. Keen 1875-1878

Rev. J. C. Jackson, Jr 1878-1881

Rev. Timothy W. Stanley, 1 881 -May 18, 1883
Rev. F. Merrick and others. May to Oct., 1883

Rev. Isaac F. King 1883- 1884

Rev. John W. Dillon 1884- 1886

Rev. Isaac Crook 1886-1888

Rev. B. L. McElroy 1880- 1890

Rev. J. H. Gardner 1890-1891

Rev. D. C. Thomas 1891-1896

Rev. W. F. Oldham (now Bishop) 1896- 1898

Rev. Carl G. Doney 1898- 1900

Rev. Arthur M. Mann 1900-1904

Rev. R. F. Bishop 1904- 1905

Rev. Homer J. Smith 1905- 1907

Rev. B. D. Evans 1907-

St. Paul's started with a membership of
about thirty persons, most of whom had been
members of the parent church ( William
Street). Since then it has grown in numbers
from year to year, until, at the present time its
membership is six hundred. It has a prosper-
ous Sabbath school with an average attend-
ance of about three hundred persons. From
its organization it has been essentially a mis-
sionary church. It was in this church that the
first auxiliary of the Woman's Home Mis-
sionary Society. was organized, on July 2j.
1880. It is replete with missionary work, and
societies; an annual collection is taken for the
general work or parent society. It has a well-
organized and well-supported Woman's Home
Missionary Society, a successful Woman's

256

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Foreign Missionary Society, a young woman's
home missionary society called "The Queen Es-
ther Circle," a Young - Woman's Foreign Mis-
sionary Society, a children's society known as
the Home Guards. The Sabbath school is or-
ganized into a missionary society. It has also
a Ladies's Aid Society, to which the most of
the ladies of the church belong. It supports a
Junior Epworth League, to which the must
of the children of the church under fourteen
years of age belong. And it has a prosper-
ous Senior Epworth League with a member-
ship of about one hundred and fifty persons,
and this League is entitled to one of the first
charters issued under the auspices of the or-
ganization. Immediately after it was or-
ganized, by a committee who met in the city of
Cleveland. Ohio, the Rev. Samuel A. Keen,
who was a member of the Committee of Or-
ganization, on his way home from the meet-
ing, stopped at Delaware to visit his former
postorate, St. Paul's Church, and Rev. B. L.
McElroy, who was then its pastor in charge.
Dr. Keen, who was full of the spirit of the
League, made some remarks at the Wednes-
day evening prayer meeting in reference to
the League, and immediately after the close
of the prayer service, St. Paul's Epworth
League was organized, and a charter called for
by telegram. This League is one of the most
zealous organizations of the church, and one
of the most potent factors in promoting its
good. The young people of this congregation
had been well trained for an organization of
this kind, under the pastorate of Rev. T. \\ .
Stanley, during the time he had served the
church (which was from the fall of 1881 to
the spring of 1883). A very successful young
people's meeting had been organized and it
was well prepared to take up the work of the
league, and it is believed that much of the
good it has accomplished in after years is due
to the spirit and zeal it received from that
first organization of the young people of the
church.

St. Paul's has sent to the foreign and home
missionary fields more than fifty missionaries
and teachers, which is believed to be a greater
number than any other Methodist Episcopal

Mary

Mrs.

church has sent since its organization. The
following is a list of the persons who have
been sent out from this church, and the sev-
eral fields to which they have gone :

Armenia — N. A. Morjickian.

Mexico — Galdino Guiterrez.

Porto Rico — Charles W. Drees.

Korea — Lillian N. Harris, M. D. ;
W. Harris.

Singapore — Charles S. Buchanan
Emily Early Buchanan, Merrill C. Miller.

South Africa — Mrs. Belle Gates Ehnes,
James L. DeWitt, Mrs. Byrna Adams De-
Witt, \ n-ginia Swarmstead (now Coffin).

Japan — Rev. Harry B. Swartz, Mrs. Mary
Frazier Swartz, Anna V. Bing, Ume Ha-
mada, Lenora Seeds, Mable Seeds, Fannie
(i. Wilson, Mary Wilson (now Buchanan).

Si >uth America — Rev. John F. Thompson,
Rev. George D. Froggatt, Rev. P. B. Cuppett,
Rev. John L. Reeder, Jeanette Carpenter,
Charles H. Wertenberger.

India — Rev. Thomas J. Scott, Rev. Archi-
bald Gilruth, Rev. Levan R. Janney. Rev.
William A. Mansell, Mrs. Hetty Mansell Mon-
roe, Rev. Noble L. Rockey, Mrs. Mary Had-
sell Rockey, Annie Gallimore, Marion New-
ton, Mrs. Phila Keen Linzell, Nora Waugh,
Myrtle Bare (now Faucett).

China — Rev. Nathan Sites, Rev. George
R. Davis, Rev. Hiram H. Lowry, Mrs. Hi-
ram H. Lowry. Rev. Nathan J. Plumb. Clem-
ent M. L. Sites, Ruth Sites (now Brown),
Rev. J. F. Hayner, George D. Lowry. M. D.,
Mrs. Cora Calhoun Lowry, Edward K. Lowry,
Mary E. Schockley (now Drake), George L.
1 )avis, Titus Lowe.

To the home missionary field in the south
it has sent — Miss Marie Disney, Miss Irene
Disney, Miss Winifred Myser, Miss Nellie
Carson, Miss Alfleda Myser.

The first church, a good substantial brick
building, was erected about the year 1856, on
the same site where the present church now
stands. It cost over $5,000, and was built
during the pastorate of the Rev. Thompson F.
Hildreth. The following are the names of the
trustees to whom the deed was made : Edward
Thompson (afterward bishop), John Ogden,

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

257

J. R. Watkins, Coe Roe, Hiram Hull, Samuel
Burkholder and James K. Brittain. The deed
is signed by Elnathan C. Gavitt and wife, and
is dated May 31, A. D.. 1855.

The parsonage was bought about the year
1869, and adjoins the church site on the east.
Both are located mi the southeast corner of
Franklin Street and University Avenue, on
one of the highest points in the city, and are
visible for miles from all directions. During
the years of 1873 and 1874. under the pastor-
ate of Dr. Isaac Crook, and the leadership of
Prof. John P. Patterson, superintendent of the
Sabbath school, the church grew so rapidly in
numbers that it became necessary to arrange
for more room and greater facilities to accom-
modate the Sabbath school. An addition to the
old church had been ordered, but in excavat-
ing for the new portion, the foundation of the
old part was undermined and the rear wall fell
with a crash which was beard all over the city.
This necessitated the building of a new
church. After several adjourned sessions of
the Quarterly Conference a soliciting commit-
tee was appointed who reported to an ad-
journed session that they had procured sub-
scriptions sufficient to justify the beginning of
the new church. A Building Committee was
chosen, consisting of the following named
persons : John Lane, Prof. H. M. Perkins.
Thomas Craven. James R. Lytle and J. Frost.
Dr. Ralph Hills was selected as the architect,
who donated his services, and the new church
was at once begun. In a few months a sub-
stantial two-story brick church, 60 by 90 feet,
ornamented with stone trimmings, was under
roof, and the first story finished at a cost of
about $13,000. The church was afterward
completed at a cost of about $12,000. so that the
present church structure has cost about $25,-
000. The present parsonage was built at a
cost of about $3,500. and was completed in
the spring of the year 1898.

St. Paul's, with its well established mis-
sionary spirit, laid the foundation for the first
mission church in Delaware. The pastorate
of Rev. Joseph H. Creighton was marked by
the beginning of Faith Church, or Merrick
Chapel. Under the leadership of Mrs. Mary

Knowles. Miss Fidelia Perkins and Mrs. Ann
Lane, three of St. Paul's faithful workers, a
Sabbath school was organized which met for
a short time under the trees near the corner of
Liberty and Harrison Streets. Later a room
was secured, and finallly the present church
edifice was erected, which was dedicated on
the fourth day of January, A. D. 1891, and in
1898, the same was set apart as a separate
church, and has alwavs been well beloved by
St. Paul's.

Time and space would not permit the men-
tion of the many faithful servants among the
laity of this church. But a history of St.
Paul's would not be complete without the name
of Mrs. Mary Knowles. the faithful and ef-
ficient teacher of the infant class in the Sab-
bath school. She took charge of this class on
the first Sunday in September, A. D.. 1868,
and has had charge of it continuously ever
since. Fully a generation has passed away
since she first had charge of this class, and to-
day many who have been her pupils are oc-
cupying high positions in state, church, mis-
sionary fields and social circles, and in the
great hereafter hundreds will arise and call
her blessed.

St. Paul's raises, annually, for the support
of the church about $2,500. It pays its pas-
tor $1,500 per year. The remaining $1,000 is
used for lighting, heating, organist, janitor,
insurance and other necessary expenses of the
church. St. Paul's is without a debt, except a
debt of gratitude, which it owes to the many
faithful pastors who have served it. It owes
much to its leaders, stewards, trustees, Sab-
bath school superintendents and teachers,
the many other constant workers among its
laity who have clone so much to promote its
good. But most of all. it is indebted to the
great God to whom it prays, and in whom it
implicitly trusts, and from whom all its bless-
ings flow.

THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.

The First Baptist Church was organized
August 6. 1853. with thirty-seven members.
The Rev. E. G. Wood was soon after called as

2 5 8

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

the first pastor and served until May, 1855.
The church held its meetings in Templar Hall
until its house of worship was built. In March,
1S54, the society purchased a lot on North
Franklin Street, and a church building was
here erected and dedicated August 1, 1858.
Since the first pastor, the church has had ten
regular pastors, who served as follows : Rev.
Elias George from October, 1855, to April,
1856; Rev. James Harvey, from May, 1856.
to \pril, 1862; Rev. P. Kennedy, from May,
1862, to May, 1865; Rev. D. A. Randall, from
August, 1866, to April, 1867; Rev. A. J.
Lyon, from September, 1867, to April, 1870;
Rev. I. B. Toombs, from April, 1870, to July,
1871 ; Rev. B. I. George, from March. 1873,
to March. 1874; Rev. G. T. Stanbury. from
November, 1874. to November, 1876; Rev. T.
I. Sheppard, from September, 1877, to May,
1878; the Rev. T. W. Icenbarger, from Octo-
ber, 1878, to 1884; Rev. E. A. Stone, from
1884 to 1886; Rev. A. H. Batchelder from
1886 to 1889; 1890, no pastor; Rev. Charles
C. Haas from 1891 to 1892; Rev. J. B. Wood-
land from 1892 to 1894; 1895, no pastor;
Rev. Albert Read, from 1896 to 1899; Rev.
H. C. Lyman from 1900 to 1904; Rev. CM.
Brodie from 1905 —

During the last year of J. B. Woodland's
pastorate, a church meeting was called to see
if the church would take action on the build-
ing of a new house of worship, having long
felt the need of larger and better accommoda-
tions. At that time the church was $200 in
debt, and some of the members thought ; t
was too great an undertaking, but before the
meeting closed the church voted unanimously
to build, and a committee was chosen with in-
structions to proceed at once. The Lord was
evidently with the committee, and they real-
ized that "except the Lord build the house,
they labor in vain who build it." The work
went on steadfastly, and harmoniously to the
end. The bills were all paid when due, ex-
cept a few hundred dollars which were sub-
scribed and soon paid. The house is built of
brick with stone trimmings. It was dedicated
October 3, 1897, free of debt. The audience
room is 40x60 feet, with a room 25x40 feet

on the north side for Sunday school and
prayer meetings. This room can be thrown
open to the audience room by means of rising
doors. An addition 12x25 teet nn the wot
end of the audience room is an addition that
was built to the old house but a short time
before, and was utilized for committee meet-
ings, and preparation rooms. The house cost
about Si 2.000.

Shortly after the dedication, one of the
members. Mr. Morgan Savage, who had con-
tributed largely to the church building, pro-
posed to have a pipe organ put in, which the-
church did not feel able to do till later, but
Mr. Savage felt earnest to have it now, and
said, "if you, will put one in I will pay for
it." It was put in, and bears his name as the

GRACE CHURCH.

Grace Methodist Episcopal Church was
organized in January, i860, by the Rev. Henry -
E. Pilcher, in a small schoolhouse near the
grounds of the Agricultural Society. Twelve
members in full connection and thirty upon
probation constituted the original organiza-
tion.

When this church was first organized it
was in the bounds of the Central Ohio Confer-
ence, but at the General Conference of i860, it
was transferred to the North Ohio, where it
has since remained. During the year 1861-, by
perseverance, and not without sacrifice, the
membership succeeded in erecting a small
frame church. In this the congregation wor-
shiped until 1875. Many glorious outpour-
ings of the Holy Spirit were received by the
membership in the little white church. Here
manv weary sinners were moved to repentance,
sought pardon, and started upon the way to
happiness and usefulness.

The church edifice which is now occupied
by the congregation was begun by the Rev.
Charles F. Creighton in 1872. After many
reverses it was finally completed and dedicated
February 7, 1875, by Rev. Bishop Randolph
S. Foster. It is located in the eastern part 0:
the city at the juncture of William and Chesh-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

259

ire Streets. It is a neat building of brick with
spire and turret. It will comfortably seat rive
hundred people. The seats are of ash trimmed
with black walnut and flexed at the sides, giv-
ing all the auditors a front view of the pul-
pit. Its commodious and tasteful arrangement
is commended by all who are acquainted
with it.

Grace Church includes within its mem-
bership and congregation nearly all the Eng-
lish-speaking Methodists on the east side of
the river, and many from the west side, but
most of its members live in the country. It
has never abounded in wealth, but. under lib-
eral and wise management, it has been able to
erect a substantial, neat edifice, and to pay an-
nually the average amount of about $600. It
has not increased in membership as rapidly as
some other churches more favorably located.
It has filled to a considerable extent the place
of a mission church, and has exerted much in-
fluence upon the fallen, and the lower classes
of society. Its members have, however, as a
rule, been good, substantial men and women,
who have indeed been servants of the Lord.
Consequently many revivals have characterized
the history of the church. In 1865. the mem-
bership had grown to about one hundred per-
sons. During the winter of 1871-72, a pow-
erful revival took place, in which many stu-
dents of the Ohio Wesleyan University took
an active part. At the close of this year the
membership numbered about one hundred and
fifty.

From i860 to 1865. this church was in-
cluded in the bounds of the Woodbury Cir-
cuit; in 1865, it was transferred to the Galena
Circuit; in 1868, it was made the chief ap-
pointment of a newly formed circuit, called
Delaware and Eden Charge.

The following is a list of the pastors who
have served the church: 1860-61, Revs. Sam-
uel Mower and C. B. Brandebury ; 1861-62,
Revs. Philip Plummer and John Blampied ;
1862-63, Revs. Chilton Craven and John
Blampied; 1863-64, Revs. John Mitchell and
William Jones. Mr. Mitchell died in Novem-
ber, 1863, and Rev. Oliver Burgess was sent
to fill the vacancy. 1864-65. Revs. James
16

Wheeler and William Junes ; 1865-66, Revs.
Allen S. Moffit and Frances M. Searles;
1866-67, Revs. Ileman Safford and facob S.
Albright; 1867-68, Revs. Heman Safford and
William Hudson; 1868-69, Rev - Cadwalader
H. Owens; 1869-71, Rev. Joseph F. Kennedy.
Soon after the commencement of the vear
1870-71, Mr. Kennedy was appointed agent
of the Ohio Wesleyan Female College, and
Rev. Wesley B. Farrah was appointed to fill
out the year. 1871-72, Rev. Stephen Fant
was pastor; 1872-73, Rev. Charles F. Creigh-
ton; 1873-76, Rev. Benjamin F. Bell; 1876-77,
Rev. William L. Phillips; 1877-80, Rev. Sam-
uel R. Squier; 1880-83, Rev - Charles Galli-
more; 1883-87, Rev. A. J. Lyon; 1887-89,
Rev. William Kepler, Ph. D., 1889-91, Rev.
M. L. Wilson; 1891-96, Rev. G. W. Dennis;
1896-97, Rev. J. H. Deeds; 1897-1902, E. D.
Smith, Ph. D., D. D. ; 1902-05, Rev. E. J. V.
Booth; 1905-07, Rev. E. Loose and Rev. Carl
Gage; 1907-8, Rev. Jesse Lacklen.

SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH.

The Second Baptist Church of Delaware,
Ohio, was organized June 8, 1868, in Joseph
Townsend's house on High Street, by Elder
Berrv Moss, of Urbana, Champaign County,
Ohio.

It was reorganized by Elder S. D. Fox,
of Springfield, Ohio. The members in the or-
ganization were Joseph Townsend , Martha
Curry, Peter Woodley, Jane Townsend, Van
Evan, Mandie Campbell, James Curry, Nellie
Hunter, Mary Lewis. H. C. Clay joined the
same day by experience, making ten in the
start. The first deacons were Joseph Town-
send, Van Evan. Peter Woodley, James Curry.
The trustees were Joseph Townsend, Peter
W< "idley and James Curry.

The pastors in succession are : Rev. Wal-
lace, of Ripley, Brown County. Ohio; Elder
Frank Mitchell, of Columbus. Ohio; Elder
Richard Meredith,, of London, Madison
County, Ohio; Elder John Moody, of Xenia,
Green County, Ohio; H. C. Clay, of Dela-
ware, Ohio; G. W. Curry, of Delaware, Ohio;
Elder Isham Lafavette, of Kalamazoo, Michi-

2(5o

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

gan; E. C. Clay, of Springfield, Ohio; Elder
John Robertson, of Cincinnati, Ohio; J. W.
Johnson, of Richmond, Virginia ; Elder G. W.
Curry, of Delaware. Ohio; H. C. Clay, of
Delaware, Ohio; Elder William Balay, of
Xenia, Green County, Ohio; Elder W. M.
Lowry, of Virginia ; R. Martin, of Spring-field,
Ohio; Robert Johnson, Jr., Delaware, Ohio;
C. A. Gilman, Columbus, Ohio; W. N. Allen,
Urbana, Ohio.

The number and names of preachers that
were licensed by the Second Baptist Church
of Delaware, Ohio — H. C. Clay, G. W. Curry,
L. J. Artist, John Curry, W. N. Allen, G. W.
Mayo. A. P. Warrick — seven in number.
Those called to ordination by the Second Bap-
tist Church of Delaware, Ohio, are H. C. Clay,
who was ordained by the council at association
in Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio, Septem-
ber, 1874; G. W. Curry, who was ordained
at home in the Second Baptist Church, of
Delaware, Ohio. Council — Elder William
Rickman, Elder J. L. Rickman, Elder
H. C. Clay. W. X. Allen was ordained
at home in Delaware, the council being Elder
J. W. Isenberger, pastor of First Baptist
Church of Delaware, Ohio; Elder G. W.
Curry, of Delaware. Ohio;H. C. Clay, of
Delaware, Ohio.

The places rented to worship in are: Fa-
ther Jeffrey Day's house, on High Street, Mrs.
Shavious* house on Ross Street. Robert
Whyte's house on Ross Street, J. J. William-
son's house, corner of Railroad and Liberty
Streets, the engine-house northeast corner of
the Park. Mr. Heibie's house on the east side
of Washington Street, opposite the City Park;
bought lot and built on it on Ross Street ;
lost the same; afterward bought lot from Rob-
ert Whyte. and an old house from Mrs. Mary
Shavious. and moved it on the lot and made a
little addition to the house; bought a lot from
Mr. Richard Reynolds on Ross Street, and
built on it, which is clear of debt.

We were assisted by our white brethren,
the Ohio Baptist Convention, and friends to
the church in Delaware, Ohio.

Rev. B. A. Phillip, of Mechanicsburg,
( 'liampaign County, Ohio, pastor and modera-

tor. Rev. Henry C. Clay, Committee on His-
tory.

st. John's English Lutheran church.

This church was organized in the Opera
House, Delaware, Ohio, November 22, 1885,
by Dr. Ort and J. F. Shaffer, then of Spring-
field, Ohio. A number of members connected
with the German Lutheran Church (St.
Mark's ) desired more freedom to mingle with
Christians of other denominations than the
constitutional authority of that church per-
mitted, and with others established a distinc-
tive society on the basis of the General Synod
of the English Lutheran Church. A consti-
tution in harmony with their purpose was
adopted, and sixty-two signed this constitu-
tion as charter members.

Services were inauguarated and worship
conducted thereafter, in a small brick church
owned by the Welsh Congregationalists, lo-
cated on West Winter Street. On November
29, 1885, Rev. Shaffer, then president of Mi-
ami Synod, and one of the editors of the Lu-
theran Evangelist, also professor of Hebrew,
church history, and Biblical archaeology, in
their theological seminary at Springfield,
Ohio, was called to be their pastor. Rev.
Shaffer, at a sacrifice of these things men-
tioned, accepted the call and on the nth of
December moved his family to the city of
Delaware, and at once took hold of the work.
Steps were taken immediately to erect a church
building. A lot was secured on the east side
of Sandusky Street, opposite the Court House,
and on May 30th. the cornerstone was laid,
Dr. S. O. Ort, of Springfield, Ohio, preaching
the sermon, the ceremony being performed
by Rev. Shaffer. The pastor announced that
the tin box deposited in the cornerstone con-
tained a copy of the incorporation of the
church, a hymnal, a catechism, Lutheran Ob-
server, and Evangelist, Delaware papers, and
some others. So rapidly was the work pushed
that on October 17th, only eleven months after
the organization, a beautiful and commodious
brick structure costing about $17,000 was
dedicated to the worship of God. Many mem-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

261

hers of the Miami Synod were present at the
dedication. Dr. Shaffer — the doctorate hav-
ing- been, worthily, bestowed on him at the
Spring- Commencement of Wittenberg Col-
lege. June, 1887 — has been their only pastor.
On the twentieth anniversary of his pastorate,
he preached a sermon from which the follow-
ing statistics are taken : Total number of
members admitted during the twenty years,
471 ; deaths, 61 ; removals. 144; dropped from
the roll, 32 ; membership at date, 202 ; Sunday
school membership. 220, of which sixty are
in Home Department and twenty on the Cra-
dle Roll. The church has continued to pros-
per, and a few months ago a pipe organ was
added, and the audience room artistically fres-
coed.

Dr. Shaffer continued pastor of the church
until Easter Sunday, March 31, 1907, at which
time much to the regret of the congregation,
he offered his resignation, which was later ac-
cepted, but he still is stated supply of the
church. This church, together with its pastor,
who has also for many years been an active
member of the Public School Board, has tilled
one of the most useful places in the city of
Delaware, and as the church is now looking
for a pastor, it is the wish of all citizens of the
city, that the congregation will find a worthy
successor to Dr. Shaffer.

ASBURY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church had its origin in 1886. Prior
to that time much consideration had been given
as to whether William Street Church in re-
building should move farther north, or a new
organization should be formed in the north
part of the city.

At the Quarterly Conference of William
Street M. E. Church, held February 25. 1886,
Prof. John H. Grove offered the following
resolutions :

"Whereas, The Quarterly Conference of William
Street M. E. Church, Delaware, Ohio, has been for
a series of years trying to awaken interest in favor
of a new church edifice for said church, and

Whereas, That body is divided as to where said

church shall be located, though united in their belief
as to the need of a new edifice; and

Whereas, It appears inevitable that there will still
continue to be a church on the old site, though a new
church be built elsewhere ; and

Whereas, There is a desire on the part of many of
the membership of this church that a new church
edifice be built for the use of the northern portion
of the members of this church ; therefore

Resolved, That we, the members of the Quar-
terly Conference, favor the division of the mem-
bership of this society into two churches, pro-
vided that a sufficient number of members signify a
willingness to withdraw from the parent society, or
church, for the purpose of organizing another church."

On March 11, 1886, ninety-five members
placed their names to the following: These
were regarded as the charter members :

"We, the undersigned members of William Street
M. E. Church, Delaware, Ohio, Central Ohio Confer-
ence, Delaware District, in accordance with the ac-
tion held February 25, 1886, providing for the volun-
tary formation of a new society, or church, by sub-
scribing our names do hereby signify our desire to
withdraw from said William Street Church for the
purpose of forming such a new society."

On May 28, 1886, a number of the mem-
bers of William Street Church, most of them
residing in the north part of town, met at the
home of Mrs. Martha A. Sanborn for discuss-
ing the new church project. At this meeting
Mrs. A. S. Clason offered the following which
was unnanimously adopted :

"Recognizing the importance of a church in the
north part of the city, therefore, we hereby express
our willingness, in connection with others, to take
the necessary steps for organization."

On July 19, at a meeting of the charter
members, they declared themselves a corporate
body, and Mrs. A. S. Clason, J. C. Watson, N.
J. Galleher, T. C. O'Kane, and Miss M. Mur-
phy were elected trustees.

In September following the Central Ohio
Conference added to its list of charges Asbury
Church, Delaware, Ohio, and Rev. L. M. Al-
bright was appointed pastor. The new organi-

262

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

zation was at that time without a church heme.
The Baptist society tendered their church edi-
fice for the use of the new church organization
on Sunday afternoons and Thursday evenings,
a kindness then highly appreciated and not to
be forgotten.

The first preaching service of the new-
organization was held September 19, 2:00 p.
m., the pastor preaching from John 12:31, 32.

The present site of the church had already
ben purchased, the selection having been made
July 19th. The official body determined soon
after the appointment of the pastor to build a
temporary edifice on the rear part of the lot.
Ground was broken October 5th, and the edi-
fice was completed November 3rd. The cost,
including furniture, chairs, pulpit, carpet and
curtains, amounted to $1,340. This structure
seated about four hundred persons, and proved
in every particular a most happy and success-
ful enterprise. November seventh was the
opening day. Dr. Isaac Crook, then pastor of
St. Paul's Church, preached from Isaiah 66,
first and second verses, and he and Dr. L. D.
McCabe conducted the ritualistic service.

The evening sermon was by Rev. D. Kem-
ble, D. D., then missionary to Mexico. By
this time the membership was 200. and weekly
additions became the rule.

On January 5. 1887, the trustees com-
pleted their contract with Air. J. G. Grove for
his lot located on the southwest corner of
Franklin Street and Lincoln Avenue. The
purchase price was $4,500.

The trustees then turned their attention to
the preparation needed for the erection of a
permanent building. J. W. Yost, Esq.,
of Columbus, was secured as archi-
tect. There was some delay in deter-
mining whether the walls should be stone
mi- brick. It was found that the additional
cost for stone walls amounted to $4,000. Cap-
tain V. T. Hills and J. C. Watson, Esq., ar-
ranged for the extra expense, and a formal
contract for the construction of the edifice was
made with Wellington Long. Esq.. March 1,
1888. The cornerstone was laid June 13,
1888. A sermon of unusual spiritual force

and feeling was delivered by Rev. H. A. Buttz,
LL. D., president of Drew Theological Semi-
nary, of Madison, New Jersey.

In the spring of 1889 a special contract
was made for completing the Sunday school
room. It was completed and informally
opened in August following. The opening
sermon was by Rev. Prof. L. D. McCabe,
LL. D., and the first sacramental occasion of
the church was held in the evening.

In the autumn following, the necessary-
steps were taken for the completion of the au-
dience room.

Rev. L. M. Albright, D. D., now closed a
pastorate of three years, and received instead
the presiding eldership of Delaware district.
His pastorate was a model of leadership, un-
wearied effort and success. He had received
beside its charter members about three hun-
dred persons, most of them having hitherto
no membership in any church in Delaware.

In September Rev. E. D. Whitlock, D. D.,
was appointed to the charge and entered into
the work with zeal and enthusiasm. In the
winter following there was a marked revival
and many young people belonging to the fami-
lies of the church and congregation became
members.

The edifice was brought to its comple-
tion in the autumn of 1900 and was dedicated
November 1 6th. The occasion was one of
great interest to the church, city and com-
munity. The pastor was assisted in the serv-
ices by Drs. Albright. Wharton and ex-Presi-
dent Merrick. Rev. Charles E. Sims. LL. D..
president of Syracuse Lhiiversity. preached
from Ps. 137; 5, 6, and also in the evening
from Luke 16:25.

The indebtedness on the church at the time
of dedication was $8,000. It seemed like a
large sum for a people who had been giving
generously for four years, but they cheerfully
gave what was needed and closed the day with
subscriptions amounting to $8,500. The
whole day was one of spiritual enthusiasm and
exaltation. The people had planned, • prayed,
toiled and given constantly since the great en-
terprise began ; now their joy over the outcome
knew no bounds.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

263

The edifice is remarkable for its plainness,
simplicity and solidity. Every expression of
mere ornamentation and cheapness had been
carefully avoided. Its walls are of dark blue
lime stone. It is rectangular in form, and is
about 70 by 1 10 feet. The auditorium is 50
by 60 feet. The floor is slightly bowled and
of amphitheatre seating. The architecture is
of the old cathedral and Romanesque style.
The entire cost of the plant was about $37,000.
The society has been remarkable for its con-
tinuous growth, healthy and harmonious de-
velopment, and for its family and social spirit
and life. Its Sunday school and Epworth
League are seldom equalled in fullness and
regularity of attendance, and in contribution
of members to the church. Its membership
now numbers 490.

In 1896 the charge was transferred from
the Central Ohio to the North Ohio Confer-
ence. Its pastors from 1886 to 1896 were
from the Central Ohio ; since from the North
Ohio. Thev have been as follows: 1886-89.
Rev. L. M. 'Albright. D. D. ; 1889-1892, Rev.
E. D. Whitlock, D. D. ; 1892-94, Rev. Richard
Wallace; 1894-96, Rev. Melvin M. Figley;
1896-99, Rev. A. D. Knapp, D. D. ; 1899-
1901, Rev. C. T. Erickson; 1901-6. Rev. F. I.
Johnson, B. D. ; 1906, present. Rev. W. A.
Wright, D. D.

FAITH METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This church is situated on South Liberty
Street, opposite High Street, in South Dela-
ware. The church, which was dedicated Jan-
uary 4. 1 So 1. was the result of much mission-
ary wi n"k carried on chieflv under the auspices
of" the St. Paul's M. E. Church. Before the
church was built the mission workers met and
held their services in the homes of the people.
Later a store room was secured, and finally a
hall in the old brick building on the south-
w est corner of Liberty and Ross Streets be-
came the home of the congregation until the
church was built. Much of the success of the
work was due to the benevolent and self-sacri-
ficing spirit of Dr. Frederick Merrick and his
beloved wife, both now erone to their reward.

The work grew so rapidly that a church be-
came necessary, and was accordingly built and
dedicated as stated above.

Rev. J. Mitchell, a superannuate member
of the Ohio Conference, was appointed to take
charge of the work, and truly the work he has
done has not been in vain. His name and
character are indelibly impressed upon all the
old homes of South Delaware. In 1897, Rev.
A. L. Rogers, a student in the University,
took charge of the work, and so rapidly did it
grow, that it was necessary to build a large ad-
dition on the rear end of the church. Brother
Rogers carried this work through successfully.
He ministered unto the people for three years.
Following him came Rev. J. A. Currier, who
served the charge three years. In 1903 Rev.
P. C. Hargraves served one year. Rev. C. E.
Turley came in 1904 and served two years.
In 1906 the present pastor was sent to the
work.

The church is thoroughly organized, and
still continues to do good work in South Dela-
ware. The church has a membership of eighty,
and maintains a Sunday school with an aver-
age attendance of sixty, which meets every
Sunday. It still has the old-time class meet-
ing, which meets every Sunday morning at
9 130. During the present pastorate the church
has been covered with a new slate roof, and a
new furnace has been placed in the enlarged
and improved building.

TRINITY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The pioneer members of this church were :
A. Highwarden and wife; Jesse Merritt and
wife: Alexander Austin and wife: Abel Wil-
son; J. W. Highwarden; Hattie McLamore,
Rosa Austin, Anna Brown, Thomas Brown
and wife ; Fannie Crawford, George Merritt,
and others.

The first meeting held consisted of Bible
readings at the houses of the various persons
mentioned. After which the members were
organized into a church society by Rev. I. F.
Brown, who preached the first sermon in
Abram Highwarden's house on Ross Street,
and the next at Abel Wilson's on Railroad

264

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Street. The trustees and members of the
Second Baptist Church very kindly permitted
them to hold some meetings in a room they
had on Ross Street. After that they held
meetings in a small house on Eaton Street for
several years. Following this, the trustees,
Thomas Brown, Abel Wilson and George
Merritt, secured a lot which was purchased
from Mrs. W. T. Watson, for $300, upon
which a foundation was placed, costing $55.
This was paid by these people and the present
church building erected through the efforts
of Rev. G. W. Bailey. The cost estimated at
$1,278 (by the builder, E. M. Heller), was
somewhat modified by a few changes in the
plan, which made the amount really paid
about one thousand dollars, secured from the
People's Building and Loan Association, and
which has Ijeen canceled through the untiring-
efforts of that grand and noble Christian gen-
tleman. Rev. J. H. Payne.

The names of the preachers who have had
charge of the church are : J. F. Brown, W. C.
Echols, O. W. Fox, Alexander Austin, J. G.
Jones, Elijah Henderson, W. W. Heston, Rob-
ert Adkins, G. W. Bailey, Elam Whyte, Rev.
Mr. Flanigan, Joel Perkins, William Renfro,
D. V. Disney, Rev. Mr. Brooks, G. D. Wil-
liams and J. H. Payne. The elders who have
presided over the district are Joseph Court-
ney, E. W. Hammonds. M. S. Johnson, T. L.
Ferguson and Elder Simmons.

This society was presented to the Lexing-
ton Conference of the Methodist Episcopal
Church by Rev. J. F. Brown, and accepted un-
der Bishop Foss. This society from the first
has complied with the requirements of the
church in regard to organizing- a Sunday
school, and other auxiliaries of the church. J.
W. Highwarden being the first Sunday
school superintendent, followed by Hattie Mc-
Lamore, George Merritt and A. V. Austin.
The membership of the school is forty-five,
with an average attendance of thirty-eight.
The present pastor is Rev. J. T. Leggett.

UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH.

This society was organized in 1902, by
Rev. Galbrand and H. Hatton. It was the re-

sult of a revival held in Faith Chapel. Several
of the U. B. faith having taken part in this
revival, were not satisfied to unite with the
Faith M. E. Church, and formed a society of
twenty members. They first held their serv-
ices in the Highwarden Hall, and Rev. Whit-
nell was their first minister. After the Trin-
ity M. E. Church erected their new church on
Liberty Street, they occupied the building
which the Trinity people had used on Eaton
Street. Since that time, Rev. N. Allebaugh,
Rev. Berry, Rev. Smith and Rev. A. Gar-
brand, have been pastors. The present supply
is a lady, Rev. Mary Lemmon. About 1904,
what was known as the Woodgrove Church
was moved to Delaware by Wayne Hazelton,
and they now occupy that building. The so-
ciety remains in connection with the Radical
L T . B. Church as distinguished from the Lib-
eral U. B. Church. The present membership
is fifty-six.

BERKSHIRE TOWNSHIP.

The religious history of this township is
an interesting one, and dates back to the ar-
rival of the first settlers, as they were nearly
all religious people. The family of Colonel
Byxbe was of the Presbyterian creed, that of
Major Brown, together with the Paines,
Plumbs and Curtices were members of the
Episcopal Church.

With the advent of the Carpenters in the
southern part of the township came the Meth- '
odist. Gilbert Carpenter was a minister in
that church, and it was not long until a society
was organized in that locality. There were
about fourteen members, and their meetings
were held in a hewed log schoolhouse. erected
not far from 1813. Gilbert Carpenter and his
nephew, Benjamin, Jr., with occasional visits
from itinerants, supplied the society with
preaching.

Two years later the Methodist organized
a society in Sunbury, and held their meetings
during the winter in the surrounding cabins,
and in the summer in Judge Carpenter's barn.
The people came from a distance of ten miles
with ox-teams and barefooted in summer, and
from long distances in winter to attend these

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

265

meetings. The ministers were not" college-
bred men, nor men marked with special gifts
for the ministry. They wore the home-made
clothing of the settlers, and were often com-
pelled to endure hardships, not even known by
those living in the cabins. In 1825. a frame
building now standing in Galena, was erected,
is well maintained, and continues to be the
rallying-point for the Methodists in the south-
ern part of the township.

At Sunbury the society used a brick school-
house for their services until 1839, when they
erected a frame church costing $1,500. The
Episcopal society helped in building this
church with the understanding that they were
to have the use of it part of the time. The
latter organization became extinct through
removal and change of membership. The
church was used by the Methodists until about
two years ago, when a larger and more com-
modious structure was erected. The first cir-
cuit was established in 1831, with Rev. James
Mclntyre as presiding elder.

Another organization of the M. E.'s was
effected at the Berkshire Corners in 1858, by
Rev. Amos Wilson, with twenty members.
This society erected a good frame church in
i860, and have maintained an even course,
with about sixty members to the present time.

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.

The second denomination to organize in
point of time was the Protestant Episcopal.
The first sermon was preached in Major
Brown's house in 1818, by Bishop Chase, the
first bishop of the diocese, on Monday after
Easter, March 23, 1818. Those of this belief
met at the house of David Prince and or-
ganized a society and elected the following of-
ficers : Clerk, Carlos Curtis ; wardens, Icha-
bod Plumb, Zenos Ross and Aaron Strong;
lay readers, David Prince and Carlos Curtis.
For ten years or more services were held in
private houses and Rev. Stern and others
served as rectors. A brick church ' with a
triple Gothic windows in front was erected.
This church was considered a great achieve-

ment at this early date. This building is said
to be the third Episcopal church building
erected in the State. The society has been
abandoned, but the building still stands at
Berkshire Corners, and has been used for a
number of years as a public school building.

The leading church of this denomination
is at Galena, and was organized in 1875 by
Rev. John Eley, with ten members. The re-
maining members at Berkshire Corners united
with this society. In 1877, assisted by the
community, a handsome brick church was
erected, the plan being drawn by a Xew Jer-
sey architect. The society still exists and is in
a moderately flourishing condition.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

There were at the Corners several fami-
lies, viz. : Bennett, Gregory and Paterson, who
attended services at the old Court House,
Delaware, conducted by Rev. Hughs, a son-
in-law of Colonel Byxbe. In 181 7 Rev.
Ebenezer Washburn, a Presbyterian minister,
drove in the Corners in a steel-shod sled, a cir-
cumstance which gave him no little distinction
at that time. He held services in the cabins,
but the Presbyterians united with what is
known as the Blue Church, and he moved to
Genoa Township. In 1844, a church called
Galena, and in 1846 another called Porter,
had been organized by Rev. Ahab Jink's, and
supplied by him. These churches were united
in 1848 and called Union. Union was united
with Sunbury in 1861. The society had but
little preaching, and in 1866 was dissolved.
These organizations w : ere connected with the
New School branch of the Presbyterian
Church.

In 1878, a society was again organized at
Sunbury by Rev. Robert Wyley and others,
with thirty-four members. The society was
served by Rev. Wyley, but did not flourish.
The services were held in the school house and
hall, no house of worship being erected. The
society was disbanded by Marion Presbytery
at the April meeting in 1885.

266

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

BAPTIST CHURCH.

This denomination was represented in
Berkshire as early as 1812 by Elder Henry
George. He was a Welshman, spoke with 1
marked brogue, and a plain man with excellent
common sense. No church was organized,
however, until 1835. This occurred in Dis-
trict No. 2, of Trenton Township, and was
called the Walnut Creek Baptist Church. They
worshiped in a log school house until 1837,
when the society moved to Sunbury. and in
1838 erected the structure which has been used
continuously until the present time. The first
pastor after coming to Sunbury was Rev. Gil-
dersleve, followed by Rev. Roberts.

FREE WILL BAPTIST.

In the winter of 1876-77, Rev. Mr. Mur-
ray of Sunbury held a series of meetings at
Rome Corners, which were crowned with suc-
cess, and he sought to establish a church at
that place. There did not seem to be a de-
sire for such an organization, and in a perfectly
friendly spirit, the minister and people joined
m inviting Rev. Mr. Whittaker to organize a
Free Will Baptist society. This society in
1877 erected a substantial frame church, lo-
cated at the Corners. This building still
stands, but is not occupied, the society having
been disbanded several years ago.

SUNDAY SCHOOLS.

The Sunday schools, as they existed in the
early settlements, were not such as we have
now In many cases the rudiments of educa-
tion were joined with instruction in the Scrip-
tures. The first school of this sort was opened
by Julia Strong, daughter of Major Strong,
about [814. The house stood on the Gaylord
property near the bridge east of Sunbury. An-
other school akin to this was opened about
[816 by Miss Bowen, a sister-in-law of Rev.
Ebenezer Washburn. Her method was to in-
vite the little folks to her bouse on the Sab-
bath, and read to them a passage of Scripture,
then a historical sketch calculated to interest

children's minds, and then would teach them a
short passage of Scripture, which they were
to repeat the next Sabbath. The Hon. O. D.
Hough was one of her pupils, and believes
these to have been the first Sunday schools in
the east part of the county, if not the first in
the county.

BERLIN TOWNSHIP.

The Baptists were the first to enter the
field in this township. Rev. Mr. Wyatt came
early in this locality and organized a society
in the Olentangy Valley, and went into Ber-
lin Township once a month and preached in
the cabins of the early settlers. He carried on
his work as far East as Trenton Township,
and from time to time as the membership
would warrant it, would set off from the parent
society in Liberty Township separate organi-
zations.

The Alum Creek Baptist Church was or-
ganized in 1816. and met for the first time in
the blockhouse which had done service in time
of war. For eight years the Baptist Church
held its meetings here, and then voted to erect
a frame building, on the road about half-way
between Cheshire and Berlin Station, where
the old cemetery is. The building is now a
town hall, and the cemetery is sadly neglected.

Among the members at that time were
Isaia Muuroe, David Lewis. Sr., Joseph
Eaton, and their wives, John Johnston, Sarah
Brady and Polly Noko. The two latter were
colored women. Sarah Brady died at the age
of one hundred and fourteen. She was a serv-
ant in George Washington's family and for a
long time was connected with the family of
General Sullivan of Revolutionary fame. In
1854, the Baptist Church building now stand-
ing in Cheshire, was erected at a cost of $700.
It was dedicated the latter part of the year,
and a bell placed in the belfry the next year.
Rev. Philander Kelsey was the first pastor in
this edifice. Another minister contemporary
with Rev. Wyatt was Elder Jacob Drake. He
was a surveyor and was much among the peo-
ple. His preaching was done mostly in the
cabins of these early pioneers. An incident is

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

Wll.l.l \\l STREET M. E CHI RC'II

ST. PAUL'S M E. CHURCH

SOME DELAWARE CHURCHES

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

269

related which shows that "chickens" were not
considered then the only diet good for a minis-
ter. He came out from Delaware one morn-
ing - in 1808 before breakfast, and a meal was
prepared for him. The table was a puncheon,
smoothed off on the upper side, and supported
by pins driven in the logs of the cabin. When
the meal was announced he sat down to a
single baked potato, with salt in a clam shell,
and water in a gourd. He hail walked seven
miles and relished this breakfast as well as we
do our fine dinners.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

Probably the first Presbyterian minister
who preached in the bounds of Berlin Town-
ship was a Rev. Stevens who came from the
East on a missionary tour of exploration. Rev.
Ebenezer Washburn came to Berkshire in
181 7. He organized the Presbyterian fami-
lies in Kingston, Berkshire and Berlin Town-
ships in a congregation in 181 8. A great re-
vival occurred in 1828, and the families living
in Berlin Township were organized into a sep-
arate congregation in October, 1829. The
first elders were John Roloson. Stephen
Chandler and Paul Ferson. In 1830 there
were ninety members. Rev. Ahab Jinks lie-
came stated supply from 1829 to 1832. He
was a man peculiar in more respects than his
name. It is said that when a young boy he
was the leader of a godless band of young
ruffians, for whose support he would mimic the
preachers he heard, giving their sermons ver-
batim. Going to hear Dean Swift, his course
of life was changed, and he turned his ability
toward the right. On one occasion he preached
from Isaiah 1 .2. an especially brilliant sermon
to his parishioners in Berlin, which greatly
impressed them, and it was generally regarded
that the minister had outdone himself. One of
his parishioners went to Genoa in the after-
noon where the heard to his utmost astonish-
ment the same identical sermon delivered by
Mr. Judson, the earliest of the Sunday school
agents. At another time, desiring t* 1 get up
a camp-meeting in Berlin, Mr. Jinks preached
a sermon which carried everv obtacle before

it, and aroused the people to the pitch of
camp-meeting fervor. The arrangements
were made for the meeting in the Dickermaii
woods, and it was carried on with great suc-
cess. Near the close, Mr. Jinks had a Rev.
Mr. Pomeroy to assist in conducting the meet-
ings. He came and delivered for his first ef-
fort the very sermon which had so aroused the
people some time before. When asked to ex-
plain these coincidences, Mr. Jinks quietly re-
marked that he had heard them delivered, con-
sidered them good sermons, and thought he
would give his parishioners the benefit of
them.

During this time a frame church edifice
was erected. Milton H. Sackett became an
elder and Rev. Calvin N. Ranson was pastor
from 1832 to 1837. At this date the mem-
bership was one hundred. Elders alter that
date to 1870 were Benonah Dickerman, Jo-
seph Roloson. A. M. Spear, Lewis Thompson,
C. W. Smith and J. C. Ryant. Ministers,
Darius C. Allen, Henry Shedd, A. D. Chap-
man, A. S. Avery, John W. Thompson. Since
1870, J. L. Tower, Thomas Hill, A. C. Crist.
James Darah, W. F. Cellar, John McDowell,
S. S. Arkman, M. W. Brown, James Hickling,
E. M. Scott, Samuel Heucker. J. M. Wyhe
have served the church, and at present J. G.
Curry is the pastor. The church was rebuilt
all but the old frame in 1875, under the pas-
torate of Rev. A. C. Crist, and is in good re-
pair. The building stands about three-quar-
ters of a mile south of Cheshire.

WEST BERLIN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This church was organized in 187'). Rev.
Thomas Hill, Rev. W. G. March, and Elders
Dr. J. M. Briggs, being the committee desig-
nated by Presbytery, with thirty-two mem-
bers, eighteen of these being dismissed from
the Berlin church to join in the organization.
For several months before the organization
Rev. Thomas Hill had preached in the West
Berlin schoolhouse, which led to the above re-
sult. A frame structure was soon erected, and
is now the home of a substantial congregation
of worshippers. The congregation has for the

270

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

greater part been associated with the Old Ber-
lin Church and supplied by the same pastor.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL.

This church was the third in point of time
organized in the township. Rev. \ "inal Stew-
ard was the first minister who in 1814 formed
a class composed of Jacob Aye, wife and chil-
dren, John Jacob, Jr., Henry, Betsy, Katie,
Polly, and Peggy, Lewis Sherwood and wife,
John Lewis and wife. About 1829 they put
up a hewed log meeting-house, north of Che-
shire Corners in which they worshiped until
1845. They then held their services in the
Presbyterian Church for about three years. A
frame house of worship was erected at a cost
of $500 in the village, and dedicated in 1849.
In 1878 the society added a bell. The building
is in good repair and occupied by a flourishing
society.

The Wesleyan Methodists had an organi-
zation in the southwest corner of the township
about 1870, and was continued for about
twenty years. This society became extinct,
and the Christian Union occupied the build-
ing for five years. This society has also be-
come extinct, and a Society of Friends now oc-
cupy the building, which is known as the Fair
View Church.

UNITED BRETHREN.

The Peach Blow Church in the southern
part of the township belongs to this denomina-
tion. It was organized in 1857 with twenty
members. Their meetings were first held in a
schoolhouse in the west side of the township.
The house of worship now occupied was
erected in 1808 on land belonging to G. A.
Stover. The building is a neat frame one and
cost at the time $700. The first pastor was
Virgil Pond. The church was dedicated as
Berlin Chapel, but on account of the color
which it was once painted, it is said to have
taken the name of Peach Blow, the name by
which it is now known. A few members of
this denomination settled around Alum Creek
Postoffice on the road from Delaware to Sun-

bury, and previous to i860 held services at the
home of O. R. May. About this time, a frame
building was erected on the land of Nathaniel
Roloson, and was known as the North Berlin
United Brethren Church. Mr. Roloson gave
the aid he did with the understanding that the
house would be open for the use of all de-
nominations. The first pastor was Rev. Wil-
liam Davis. The society is now abandoned
and the church not used.

UNIVERSALIST.

The Umiversalists made an attempt to get
a foothold in this township in 1820. They
held a camp-meeting in a grove near the bridge
south of Cheshire, conducted by Rev. Mr.
Rogers, but no results came of the effort.

As we trace the history of these pioneer
efforts the feeling comes to us like this,

"Something beautiful has vanished

Which we sigh for now in vain.
We behold it everywhere,
On the earth and in the air,

But it never comes to us again."

BROWN TOWNSHIP.

The early training of the pioneers of
Brown Township soon made itself felt after
their settlement in the wilderness. Though
their trials and cares were heavy, they found
time to read a chapter from the old Bible, and
return thanks to God for preservation and pro-
tection. The first society formed in the neigh-
borhood was in 1828. and of the Methodist
Episcopal denomination. It was organized at
Mr. Thurston's, and consisted of himself and
wife, Joseph Thurston and wife, Zenas Leon-
ard and wife, and Phoebe Thrall. Once a
week they would meet together, and. as they
were without a shepherd, prayer-meetings
only were held. Soon after the Methodists
got well into the harness, the Presbyterians
commenced work. They organized a society
at Mr. Thurston's, as his cabin seems to have
been a kind of religious headquarters. For a
number of years, these two societies continued
their -meetings under these limited circum-

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

271

stances. At length, a society of the New
School Presbyterians was formed, with the
following members: John Hestwood and
wife, Hugh Lee anil wife, Robert Kinkaid and
wife, James Kinkaid and wife. They, with
the Baptists, in 1836, built a church of hewed
logs, in which they worshiped for several
years ; the Methodists also occupied it on spe-
cial occasions. In 1841, a frame church build-
ing was erected by the congregation near the
same spot. But they allowed their imagina-
tion to run away with them, and laid their foun-
dation on such an extensive scale, that they
were unable to complete the building. Finally
they tore it down, and of the material erected
a smaller one upon the same site. This build-
ing was superseded by a more pretentious one
in 1855, and the old church converted into a
residence, which is now occupied by Norton
T. Longwell. This building was erected in
the south part of the village of Eden. The
New School Branch mentioned above was dis-
banded in 1S48, and nearly all the members
united with the Old School Branch, and it was
the united society that erected this church.
The building has been improved at various
times, and is still occupied by a flourishing con-
gregation. During the existence of the New-
School church, it was served by the following
ministers : The first pastor of the congrega-
tion was Rev. Mr. Jenks. who had charge of a
church in Kingston Township at the same
time. A. D. Chapman, from 1838 to 1842;
John Hunt, from 1845 to l8 40- The Old
School Church was served by William D.
Smith, occasionally; John Pitkin, 1841-1843;
Ahab Jinks. 1S44-1854; David McCarter,
1 855- 1 860; Robert L. Adams, 1863- 1864; Da-
vid H. Coyner. 1865-1866; J. L. Lower. 1868-
1871. Members in the vear 1871 numbered
sixtv-eight. A. C. Crist 1872-1876; M. M.
Lauson. 1877-1878; D. C. Porter and D. H.
Green. 1879: W. E. Thomas, 1880-1885; T.'
1'. Atkins. 1 887-1888; E. A. Scott, 1892-1900;
A. C. Crist, six months : Samuel Huecker,
1901-1906; present supply, H. Huffman, a
student of the Ohio Wesleyan University.

It may well be added that the eldership of
these Presbyterian churches were men of noted
and substantial character, and several of them

took an active part in the Underground Rail-
road. The most of them are buried in the old
cemetery by the place where the log church
was erected.

There were others who took an active pari
in the formation of a Free-Will Baptist
Church, and the original members were John
Moore, Thomas Cowgill and wife. Isaac Eaton
and wife, Orlando Root and wife, Zenas Root
and wife, Thomas Agard and wife. Spofford
Root and wife. Nathaniel Arnold and wife,
and Isaac Thurston and wife. Rev. Isaac
Eaton was the pastor, assisted occasionally by
Rev. S. Wyatt. In 1848. some twelve years
after its organization — years of more or less
usefulness — it was discontinued as a society.
The next year, after the disbanding of this so-
ciety, the Baptists and Methodists, together
with Charles Neil, O. D. Hough. Vinal and
Norton Thurston, and Thomas Hargraves.
with their families, built the church in the vil-
lage of Eden. Rev. William Godman. a son
of Lawyer Godman, of Marion, was the
preacher in charge of the circuit at the time
the church was built. He was a graduate of
the Ohio Wesleyan University, and a minister
of considerable merit. An addition has just
been added to this church and Rev. C. A.
Edington, a student of the Ohio Wesleyan
University, is the present pastor.

Leonardsburg M. E. Church. This church
was organized in the winter of 1862. In i860.
Rev. William Litell and some students of the
Ohio Wesleyan University preached in the
school at this place. In the fall of 1861 a
prayer meeting was held on the Sundays
when there was no preaching, and Isaiah Wil-
liams was the leader of this meeting. In the
following January, revival meetings were held
by Rev. H. Van Gundy and Valorus
Pond (United Brethren preacher), Rev.
Van Gundy being retained as pastor
for one year. An M. E. society was organized
and in 1862 a frame building was erected cost-
ing in all about $1,500, being dedicated about
the first of January, 1868, by Rev. Harvey
Wilson. The church now has a membership oi
fifty, and Rev. Frank T. Cartwright is their
pastor.

272

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

The Baptist Church at Leonardsburg
was organized September 12, 1880. with a
membership of eleven members, as follows:
Edward Evans and wife, Elias Frost and wife,
James Beckwith and wife, James Jones. C.
Main and wife, Sarah Hornbeck and Sarah
Evans. Only two of the number now remain.
C. Main and Sarah Nelson, nee Evans. Rev.
J. Wenman was chosen pastor and C. Main as
clerk, and Edward Evans treasurer. In 1882,
they erected a frame church, costing $860. J.
Hevalow being the builder. The society now
consists of nine members, but has no regular
preaching.

CONCORD TOWNSHIP.

The first church building in Concord
Township was an old granary, donated for
that purpose by James Kooken. Soon after
this, A. Depp ( colored) put up a log-cabin
church on his farm, as a place of worship for
the colored Baptists. The Bellepoint United
Brethren Church was formerly situated in
close proximity to the old Oiler Cemetery.
about a mile below Bellepoint, on the east
side of the river. The church was originally
started by the Oilers, Jacob, Peter and George,
and was a frame building. The early records
are lost, and hence much of its history cannot
be obtained. In 1864, being somewhat torn
by internal strife and differences, some of the
most prominent members left and formed a
new society called the Christian Union Church.
The frame structure, after existing for thirty-
five years, was torn down, and the charge
transferred to Bellepoint. The present church
is a fine brick building, and is the first built at
the village. It cost about $2,600, and the
fund for its erection was raised by general
subscription. It was dedicated by Bishop
Weaver, of the Northern Ohio Conference, in
June, 1873, and the first sermon preached in
it was by Elder Long, a Christian minister.
The names of the different ministers since its
removal to the village are as follows: Revs.
John V. Pott-. |. C. Beady, D. W. Downey, I.
B. Resler. J. IT Cray ton, C. 1.. Barlow, D. F.
Cender. J. E. Hill, E. Barnard, and others.

The Christian Church was formed of dis-
satisfied members of the old United Brethren
Church, the dissatisfaction growing out of ques-
tions as to the result of the War of 1861-65.
The society was organized the first Sunday in
April, 1864, at the house of Rev. R. Gates,
and the first sermon was preached by him. For
several years, the society had no meeting-
house. They made an effort to buy the old
frame church from the United Brethren, hut
owing to the high price they were unable to
do so, and for a time their meetings were held
in private residences and. when the weather
would admit, in the groves, "God"s first tem-
ples." Alter great exertions, they at length
succeeded in building a comfortable brick edi-
fice, 40x30 feet, at a cost of $1,050. It was
erected on the site occupied by the United
Brethren Church. The following ministers
have officiated since its formation : Revs. R.
Gates, W. W. Lacy, George W. Higgins.
Jacob Haskins, Levi Ely, Purdy King, Wil-
liam Davis, Rev. Hanawalt, and others.

The Baptist Church is situated on the
pike, a half mile east of Bellepoint, and was es-
tablished in 1853. The following ministers
have had charge of the society : Rev. Levi R.
Jones, who officiated from October, 1855. to
March, i860; Rev. R. Gates, who held the
charge from March, i860, to March, 1865.
when he joined the Christian Union Church.
The church then accepted the ministrations
of Rev. Seth Gates, his brother, who had
just repudiated the United Brethren Church.
He officiated until 1869. when the church com-
pletely died out, and continued in a dormant
state until 1879, and was then resuscitated.
On the 24th of May, of this year, it was again
opened for worship, and the day following
Rev. Isenbarger, of Delaware, preached an
excellent sermon. For a time they had their
pulpit occasionally supplied by pastors of other
charges. The old building still stands, but the
society disbanded several years ago.

The Eversole United Brethren Church
takes its name from old Father Eversole. who
fault it, and was long instrumental in keeping
it up. No records are to be found, and au-
thentic history of it is not easily obtained.

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

273

Rev. Mr. Bernard was the last pastor. A
frame church was erected between the Home
and Jerome, and is now used as a hay barn.

Presbyterian Church. In 1852, Rev. \V.
H. Brinkerhoff organized a church in tins
township with thirteen members. He was the
only supply, and the church was dissolved in
i860. The name given to the church was
Stanbury. Xo church building was erected.

Many years ago, camp-meetings used to be
in vogue in Concord, as they were in many
other sections of the country. The first of
these of which we have any account was held
at the house of Mr. Eversole, near where the
United Brethren Church'now stands. After a
few years, the place of holding the meetings
was changed to grounds near Rigger's bridge,
which spans the Scioto where the Marysville
pike crosses it. The bridge is now in Sen >t< >
Township, but at that time (about 1838-39),
was in Concord. For a number of years, this
was a place for holding camp-meetings, and
the scene of much good and some evil.

Spring View. This church situated on
the east bank of the Scioto, overlooking the
Girls' Industrial Home, was the outgrowth of
a Sunday school held in a schoolhouse near by.
When Rev. Thomas Hill was pastor of the
Liberty Presbyterian Church, he urged his
members to look up places where Sunday
schools could be organized. C. T. Carson and
wife were members of the Liberty Church, and
took heed to the request of their pastor. They
asked leave of the school directors to use the
schoolhouse for a Sunday school, which was
readily granted. Thomas Hall, who was em-
ployed at the Girls' Home, was elected the
first superintendent. Some difficulty was ex-
perienced in getting some one to open the
school with prayer. But Mrs. Carson volun-
teered to perform the duty and was the first
to offer prayer for the new enterprise. Dr.
Frederick Merrick, of the Ohio Wesleyan Uni-
versity, was a trustee for the Home, and t' x >k
an interest in the work, and helped the school
by a donation of books for their use. He also
arranged for the Methodist Episcopal minister
who was preaching at Jerome, to go and hold
services at the school house. A revival was

the result, and those desiring a Methodist or-
ganization predominated, with the result 1l1.1t
a .Methodist Episcopal Church was organized.
The schoolhouse was soon found too small for
the growing interest, and the need of a church
building was felt. The proposition was made
by Lige Carl (not a church member), George
Stokes and C. T. Carson, that they would give
$400 ($133 each), if the enterprise was con-
summated. This was done by smaller con-
tributions, and a frame church was erected
(the building now occupied), and dedicated by
Elder King. The following ministers were
the first to serve the new organization : Revs.
Thurston, Shoop, the wife of whom died
when he was living on the field, Abernathy,
Argo, Prios, Creighton, Holcomb, A. S. Rodg-
ers, Judd, Tubbs, H. H. Miller. T. M. Rick-
etts. T. Z. Wakefield, P. H. Mindling. The
society is connected with the Jerome circuit.
A good Sunday school is maintained.

DELAWARE TOWNSHIP.

There have been two organized churches
in this township, outside the limits of the city
of Delaware, Wood Grove, and Stratford,
both Methodist Episcopal.

Wood Grove. This church was organized
in the early fifties, and a frame building
erected on the Bellepoint Road, about two
miles southwest from Delaware. It formed
a part of the Delaware circuit. Regular preach-
ing services were maintained only for a few
years, and then it became a mission in connec-
tion with St. Paul's Church. A mission was
established in South Delaware about this time
by St. Paul's church, and the Wood Grove
building was purchased by the Presbyterian
Church of Delaware, under the pastorate of
Rev. N. S. Smith, about 1874. A Sabbath
school w^as maintained by the Delaware
church for several years and among the work-
ers was Dr. H. N. Allen, who afterwards
went to Corea, and became the noted mission-
ary worker in that land. The school was main-
tained irregularly until five years ago, when
the building was sold to Wayne Hazelton.
Mr. Hazelton moved the building to Eaton

274

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

Street, Delaware, and recently gave it to the
Radical United Brethren Society, and it is
now occupied by that church as a place of
worship.

Stratford Methodist Episcopal Church.
After a lapse of more than sixty years, since a
church was first built in what is now Strat-
ford, and with the absence of all the old pio-
neer ministers, elders, class leaders and mem-
bers, either in other sections of the county, or
in the Happy Land, it is a very difficult matter
to give a definite account of its original and
early history.

A little later than the middle of the 30*s,
Messrs. Hosea Williams and Caleb Howard,
of Delaware, secured a site and commenced
work on a large stone structure for the purpose
of manufacturing paper, and while one set of
men were engaged in this, another set were
engaged in building a commodious frame house
a few rods farther north for a boarding house.
This was completed first, and here was the first
public preaching place. In fine weather, the
preacher stood on a porch on the south side
of the house, the congregation seated in the
shade of a mammoth elm tree, apparently of
several centuries' growth. In bad or indiffer-
ent weather, services were held in the large
west room. The first preaching was done by
an Episcopalian minister from Delaware, Mr.
Fairfield, the first boarding-house keeper, and
Mr. Howard, both being members of that de-
nomination. Rev. James McElroy and Rev.
Mr. French, being some that I recall. The
second boarding-house keeper was Alex. An-
derson, of Delaware, a Presbyterian, and
while he was there, the people listened to
Revs. Putnam and Henry Van Deman. Dur-
ing this time, a large Sunday school was in ex-
istence during the summer, held in the Meeker
schoolhouse some distance north. Stratford
was named July 4, 1841. a few months after
the paper mills first burned out.

After some trouble in securing a site,
work was started early in 1842, on what is
now the present Methodist Episcopal Church
at Stratford. This church was about midway
between Delaware and the Cellar (Presbyter-
ian) Church in Liberty Township. The first

public service held in this new church build-
ing was on July Fourth, 1844, on the occasion
of the celebration of the sixty-eighth anniver-
sary of the Declaration of Independence. It
was filled from pulpit to the door. There was
fine singing, an eloquent prayer, reading of
the Declaration of Independence, followed by
a grand oration by Rev. Adam Poe, of Dela-
ware ; then a procession was formed which
marched to the yard at the Meeker homestead,
where, under the cedar trees, a great dinner
was spread; after this was disposed of, some
fancy drills were given by the Delaware Lan-
cers under command of Captain Eugene Pi w-
ell. (This Fourth was on Thursday.) For
nearly three years, the congregation and Sun-
day school continued like the small cloud, no
larger than a man's hand, until the winter
of 1846-47, when came what was popularly
called for long years thereafter, "Pilcher's Re-
vival." This meeting was opened early in
January, 1847. and continued until "sugar
making." At the same time, the Olentangy
River was a mighty flood of waters. Rev. H.
E. Pilcher, of Delaware, had general charge,
while Methodist Episcopal ministers from
Delaware, Professors in the College, students
and local exhorters assisted. A long list of
souls were happily converted and added to the
church. It soon became under Methodistic
control, and for some years, the congregation
worshiping there was the largest of any sin-
gle Methodist Episcopal Church in Delaware
County. Through deaths, removals and other
good reasons, for many years, the attendance
has greatly decreased. Not long since the
building was enlarged, improved, and will
compare favorably with any in this section. It
is attached to the Lewis Center Circuit, and the
pastor, a Rev. Mr. Davis, is a good and worthy
man residing there. The presiding elder,
Rev. A. Mann, resides in Delaware.

GENOA TOWNSHIP.

In the winter of 1806-07, John Williams,
a local minister in the Methodist Episcopal
Church, came to this locality and erected a
cabin on the hill, near where the covered

AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS

275

bridge crosses the Big' Walnut, at what was
known as Williams' Ford. It was not until
the summer of 1807 that he moved his family,
consisting of his wife and ten children, into
their new home. He found this country al-
most an unbroken wilderness, and, like a true,
earnest pioneer, worked as well as prayed. In
the daytime, the blows of his axe could be
heard resounding through the woods, while
in the evening he gathered his family about
him and held a service of prayer. When Sun-
day came, he would repair to the home of one
of the early settlers, and deliver a sermon to
those who had assembled. His first sermon
was preached in the cabin of Joseph Latshaw,
on the farm now occupied by John Roberts.
Mr. Williams was the first minister in the
neighborhood, but lived only five years after
he had erected his cabin.

The Rev. E. Washburn came with his
wife to Genoa in the winter of 1816-17, when
society and all else in this newly settled coun-
try was comparatively in a primitive state.
Money was almost unobtainable, and the lit-
tle in circulation was, in many instances, un-
stable and depreciated. Necessities were more
difficult to secure than luxuries are now. Un-
der such circumstances, and amidst these try-
ing conditions, it would appear that a field of
great usefulness was open to the advent of a
man like Mr. Washburn. He was a uni-
versally esteemed and beloved father in the
Presbyterian ministry, an ordained and ap-
pointed missionary of the Cross, but was solely
dependent for support upon his labor and the
voluntary contributions of the people among
whom he devoted his untiring energies. At
the time of his coming, there resided on Yan-
kee Street only the families of Jonas Carter,
John Curtis, William Hall. William Cox,
Marcus Curtis, Johnson Pelton and Sylvester
Hough. Previous to Mr. Washburn's arrival,
there had been but one sermon preached by a
Presbyterian clergyman within the present
limits of the township, and not one had been
preached upon the Sabbath day. He imme-
diately commenced preaching throughout the
regions which are now embraced in the town-
ships of Blendon, in Franklin County. ( lenoa,

Berkshire and Trenton, in Delaware County,
and continued so to preach until the year 1829
or 1830. He often spoke of the many acts
of kindness and fraternal regard he and his
family received from the hands of the early
settlers and pioneers of the forest. Just pre-
vious to his coming, there had been organized
by the Rev. Mr. Hughes, then of Delaware, a
Presbyterian Church in Berkshire, the mem-
bers of which were scattered over Genoa and
adjoining townships, but on looking for the
records, none were found; so that, in 1818,
the church was again formally organized, and
Samuel Thompson, Julius White and John
Brown were chosen and ordained as its ruling
elders. This society soon became absorbed in
the Kingston and Genoa churches. A New
School church was organized in 1837 by Rev.
C. N. Ransom, with ten members. No church
building was erected, and the society was dis-
solved in 1839. Mrs. Rachel Curtis, Mrs.
Katy Curtis, Ralph Smith, William Hall and
Alexander Smith were members of the Berk-
shire church, but resided in the vicinity. In
1830, the Presbytery set off the members who
resided in the vicinity, and constituted them
into a separate church, known as the "Presby-
terian Church and Congregation of Genoa."
The members who were thus set off were six-
teen in number, and, as near as can possibly
be ascertained, were Marcus Curtis and Katy,
his wife, Ralph Smith, Rachel Curtis, William
Hall, Alexander Smith, Nancy Allen, Free-
man Chester, Simeon Chester and Clarissa, his
wife, Diadatus Keeler, Eleazar Copeland,
Obediah Seebring and Abigail, his wife.
Mary Foote and Augustus Curtis. Just pre-
vious to this time, the Rev. Mr. Washburn
was living upon a tract of land containing a
few acres, which he had purchased and im-
proved, situated on the farm then owned by
William Hall, nearly opposite the road leading
to the mill, a little north of Mr. Roberts' resi-
dence on Yankee Street. He continued to
supply his neighborhood with preaching until
some two years after he removed his residence
to Blendon.

On the 19th of February, 1831, the session
of the Genoa Church met for the first time,

ij6

HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY

the Rev. Ahab Jinks being moderator, and Dia-
datus Keeler and Dr. Eleazar Copeland, elders.
These men were appointed by the Presbytery,
and as there is no mention made on the rec-
ords of their ordination, it is presumed they
were elders in the Leburn, or Blendon Church,
at the time of their transfer to this organiza-
tion. The Rev. Ahab Jinks continued to min-
ister to the congregation until 1836, when he
was succeeded by Rev. Calvin Ransom. Dur-
ing this year, fourteen members who resided
in Trenton Township and its immediate vi-
cinity, were set oft* and organized as the First
Presbyterian Church of Trenton. In 1837,
Mr. Jinks was again the stated supply, and so
continued until 1841. During the year 1840,
a protracted meeting was held, in which the
Rev. Mr. Cable assisted the minister in charge.
In 1842, the Rev. John McCutchen was their
pastor, and continued to minister to the con-
gregation one year. In 1844. the Rev. R. De
Forrest came and preached as an evangelist
for the space of about eight weeks. In the
succeeding year, 1845, the Rev. Mr. Avery
officiated, and continued his ministrations one,
or perhaps, nearly two years. From the year
1845 to the >' ear '850, the congregation en-
joyed the labors of the Rev. Mr. Whipple,
Rev. Milton Starr and Rev. M. Brown. In
1850, the Rev. Warren Nichols occupied the
pulpit and remained until about the close of
the year 1852. In the summer of 1853, the
Rev. David Coyner, then a licentiate of Frank-
lin Presbytery, was employed, and continued
his labors for two years and part of a third.
From the fall of the year 1855 until the sum-
mer of 1856, the pulpit was vacant. At that
time, the Rev. Homer McVey, then a student
of Lane Seminary, during his vacation
preached for the charge occasionally. August
1, 1856. the Rev. Warren Jenkins — from
whose discourse delivered January 1, i860, has
been gathered this information in relation to
the church, and other items of interest — en-
tered upon his labors, and, at the time this
sermon was delivered, had supplied this con-
gregation and that of Trenton alternately. Fol-
lowing him, and for the space of three years
and five months thereafter, the Rev. Mr.

Coyner had charge, after which time for a
number of yerirs the}' had no regular pastor.
The following ministers have supplied the
church since those above mentioned : Eben-
ezer Washburn, Hugh B. Scott, lohn Camp-
bell, 1867-68; Levi P. Sabin (J. A. F. Cellars
and Arnold Glass became elders in 1858),
James A. Darrah, Wilson F. Cellar, H. j_.
Nave, S. S. Aikman, 1885, the last minister.
In the summer, however, they had a Sunday
school. When the church was first organized',
it held meetings in the schoolhouse then stand-
ing in the rear of the present residence of Au-
gustua Curtis. In the year 1837-38, a house
of worship was erected, and the same was
dedicated the 8th of December, 1838. The so-
ciety w r as dissolved September, 1890. The
house still stands, but is now used for a hay
barn.

The Methodist Episcopal Church existed
as an organization as early as 1840, worship-
ing in schoolhouses and cabins of the settlers.
It was not until 1849, they commenced to
build at Maxwell Corners a frame church at a
cost of $800. The church was dedicated by
an English minister named Taylor. The
ministers who have held this charge are as fol-
lows : George G. West, Havens Parker. Wil-
liam Porter, Havens Parker, Samuel C. Riker,
Martindale, Brown, Dr. Gurley, Hooper. El-
lis, Adair, and Elliott. This denomination ex-
isted and worshiped in this church until about
1865. At that time, the ministers in charge,
Revs. Adair and Elliott, declined preaching
longer on account of political differences, and
brought the matter before the Quarterly Con-
ference. The conference decided the church
to be a non-organized band, and appointed a
committee, consisting of John Millicent, Bijah
Mann and Eligah Adams, to sell the church
edifice. This committee immediately adver-
tised the church for sale, and H. Bennett bid it
off for $336 for the Christian Union denomi-
nation, which had been formed out of the