MEDICAL LEXICON.
DICTIONARY
OF
MEDICAL SCIENCE:
CONTAINING
CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY.
PATHOLOGY, HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY, PHAli-
MACY, SURGERY, OBSTETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, AND DENTISTRY:
NOTICES OF CLIMATE, AND OF MINERAL WATERS; FORMULA lOiw
OFFICINAL, EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS;
WITH
THE ACCENTUATION AND ETYMOLOGY OF THE TEEMS,
AND
THE FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMS.
BY
ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D., LL.D.,
Late Professor of Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence
in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, etc.
A NEW EDITION,
ENLARGED AND THOROUGHLY REVISED
BY
RICHARD J. DUNGLISON, M.D,
ONTARIO
hlLEGE OF PHARR/iACY|
\a GERF^ARD ST. E
TORONTO,
PHILADELPHIA:
HEI^RY C. LE k.
1874.
I
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 187.^ hv
HENRY C. LEA,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. All rights reserved.
12-1
m
PHILAOKLPHIA
COLLINS. PRINTER.
PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION.
IN assuming, with pardonable pride, the labor of revision of a work which
has, for forty years, so signally enjoyed the confidence and favor of the
profession, the Editor has endeavored to bring it thoroughly up to the require-
ments of the day, for — in the words of the Author, in his preface to the last
edition — " it has been his ardent wish to make the work a satisfactory and
desirable, if not indispensable, lexicon, in which the inquirer may search, with-
out disappointment, for every term that has been legitimated in the nomencla-
ture of the science." The Author had already commenced the revision of the
dictionary when prostrated by the prolonged illness which terminated his
useful and valuable life, and the results of his labors will be found everywhere
throughout the work.
The progress of medical science during the few years past has been so
remarkable, and the amplification of the nomenclature so extensive, that
another revision of the Medical Lexicon had become a work of absolute necessity.
Probably during no previous interval has there been such an enrichment of the
vocabulary by the introduction of new words, while many of the older ones have
recently received new acceptations. Certainly in no former revision have the
alterations and additions been so great as in this. The present edition includes
more than six thousand subjects and terms not embraced in the last, and,
although the capacity of the page has been enlarged, the volume has been
increased by one hundred pages, so that it contains, in fact, additional matter
equivalent to at least one hundred and sixty pages of the last edition. Particu-
lar care has been devoted to the derivation and accentuation of terms. With
regard to the latter, indeed, the present edition may be considered a complete
pronouncing dictionary of medical science. The typographical arrangement
has also been modified in a manner which, it is hoped, will render reference
more easy.
It was the privilege of the Editor on previous occasions to participate in the
labors of the Author, and it has been his aim to carry out the plan on which the
volume was based. He may, therefore, perhaps be allowed to express the hope
that the work, which possesses for him a filial as well as an individual interest,
will be found worthy a continuance of the position so long accorded to it as a
standard authority.
RICHARD J, DUNGLISON.
Philadelphia, December, 1873.
ui
i
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
THE present undertaking was suggested by the frequent complaints made by
the Author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on
numerous topics of professional inquiry, — especially of recent introduction, —
in the medical dictionaries accessible to them.
It may, indeed, be correctly affirmed, that we have no dictionary of medical
subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the state of the
science. In proof of this, the Author need but remark that he has found occa-
sion to add several thousand medical terms, which are not to be met with in the
only medical lexicon at this time in circulation in the country.
The present edition will be found to contain many hundred more terms than
the first, and to have experienced numerous additions and modifications.
The Author's object has not been to make the work a mere lexicon or dic-
tionary of terms, but to afibrd, under each, a condensed view of its various
medical relations, and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing con-
dition of medical science. In its preparation he has freely availed himself of
the English, French, and German works of the same nature, and has endeavored
to add every subject and term of recent introduction which has fallen under his
notice ; yet, with all his care, it will doubtless be found that subjects have been
omitted. The numerous additions, however, which he has made, and his strong
desire to be useful, " by removing rubbish and clearing obstructions from the
paths through which learning and genius press forward to conquest and glory,"
will, he trusts, extenuate these and other objections that might be urged against
the work ; especially when the toil which every compiler of a dictionary must
endure is taken into consideration, — a toil which has been so forcibly depicted
by the great English Lexicographer, as well as by the distinguished Scaliger,
in an epigram written after he had made an index to the " Inscriptions " of
Gbutee :
"Si quern dura manet sententia Jiidicis olim,
Damnatiim asrumnis suppliciisque caput;
Hunc neque fabrili lassent ergastula massS
Nee rigidas vexent fossa metalla man us,
Lexica contexat; nam caetera quid moror? Omnes
Poeaarum fades hie labor unus habet:"
thus freely rendered in French :
"Si quelqu'un a comrais quelque crime odLeux,
S'il a tu^ son p^re, ou blasph^m^ les Dieux,
Qu'il fasse un Lexicon: s'il est supplice au monde
Qui le punisse mieux, je veux que Ton me tonde."
Philadelphia, 1839. T
EXPLANATION
IF the simple synonymy of any term be desired, a mere reference to the term may be
sufficient ; but if further information, as to meaning or accentuation, be needed, it
may be obtained under the term referred to. For instance, under dmicifuga, refer-
ence is made to Adcea racemosa, as a synonym. This may be sufficient for the
inquirer ; but should he desire to know the accentuation and properties of the plant,
he must turn to Acfcea racemosa. In the same manner, the French word Tronc is de-
fined Trunk This may be sufficient: should it not, the requisite information may be
found under Trunk In terms of more words than one, the definition is generally
given under the more significant word; but, if not, it will be found under the other.
Respiratory Murmur, for example, is defined under Murmur ; Shaking pahy, under
Palsy ; Musculus succingens, under Mmculus ; Ocular spectrum, under Spectrum.
When the orthography of the French term is the same as that of the English, or
with the mere difference of an accented vowel in the former, the term is not always
repeated.
To facilitate reference, a heavy type has been employed for all terms, except for
synonyms and subordinate words, which are printed in small capitals, and French
synonyms, which are distinguished by a bold-faced italic.
The double accent {^^), as in Electric^ ^ity, Translation, &c., implies that the letter
thus accented has a soft sound.
Under the subject of "Weights and Measures" will be found an explanation of
the relative values of the quantities employed in the officinal tbrmulseof the United
States and British Pharmacopoeias. The Dublin, Edinburgh, and London Pharmaco-
poeias, formulae from which are frequently given, have no longer a separate existence,
being blended with the British.
ABBREYIATIOUS ARBITEAEILY EMPLOYED.
Arab Arabic.
Belg Belgic.
C Centigrade.
CeU Celtic.
Ceyl Ceylonese.
Ch Chaussier.
Corr Corrupted,
D Dutch.
Da Danish.
Dim Diminutive.
E English.
F French.
Fah. or Fahr Fahrenheit.
Fara Family.
Fern Feminine.
G German.
Gael Gaelic
Gen Genitive.
Heb Hebrew.
I Italian.
Icel Icelandic.
Imp. Meas Imperial Measure.
Ind Indian.
Ir... Irish.
L Latin.
Linn Linnsens.
Masc Masculine.
Mex Mexican.
Nat. Ord Natural Order.
Neg Negative.
Old Eng Old English.
Ord Order.
P Portuguese.
Part Participle.
Peruv Peruvian.
Ph. B British Pharmacopoeia
Ph. D Pharmacopoeia ot Dublin.
Ph. E " IMinburgh.
Ph. L " I^ndon.
Ph.P « Paris.
Ph. U. S " United States..
PI Plural.
Priv Privative.
Pron Pronounced.
Prov Provincial.
Q. V Quod vide, 'which see.'
R Reaumur.
S Spanish.
S. g. & Sp. gr.. Specific Gravity.
Sax Anglosaxon.
Sc Scottish.
Sex. Syst Sexual System.
Sing Singular.
Su. G Suiogothic.
Sw Swedish.
Tent Teutonic.
Vulg Vulgarly or commonly.
W Welsh.
rii
A DICTIONARY
OF
MEDICAL SCIENCE.
A.
A — ABBREVIATION.
A, before a consonant ; An before a vowel, a, av,
have, in the compound medical terms, a privative
negative or debasing signification, like that of the
particles in, im, un, ir, in English. Thus : Sthe-
Yii a means strength ; Aatheni'a, want of strength ;
Anse'mia, want of blood, etc. Ab, Abe, and An,
as a prefix, have like signification. Occasionally,
in compound words, they have an intensive mean-
ing.
A, or AA. See Abbreviation.
Aachen, Aix-la-Chapelle.
Aande, Breath.
Aaron, Arum maculatum.
Aarzhil, Min'eral Wa'ters of, in the canton
of Berne, Switzerland. The chief spring contains
chlorides of calcium and sodium, sulphates of
lime and soda, oxide of iron, and sulphohydric
acid gas.
Aasm'uB, Anhelatio,
Ab, as a prefix, see A.
Abach, Min'eral Wa'ters of. A hydrosul-
phuretted saline spring not far from Ratisbon or
Ilegentsberg, in Bavaria.
AJbaisse-Lanffue. Tongue Depressor.
Ahaissement, (from baa, ' low.') Depression —
a. de la Cataracte, see Cataract — a. de la Mat-
rice, Prolapsus uteri.
Abaisseur de I'Aile dti Jfez, Depressor alae
nasi — a. de I'angle des livres, Depressor anguli
oris — a. de la langue, Glossocatochus — a. de la
livre inferieure, Depressor labii inferioris — «. de
la machoire inferieure, Digastricus — a. de I'ceil,
Rectus inferior oculi.
Abaliena'tio Ment'is, Insanity.
Abaliena'tus. Corr^p'^fw, Corrupted; (aft, and
alienus, ' different.') Membra abaliena'ta. Limbs
dead or benumbed.
Aban'ga. Name given by the inhabitants of
St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeds
of which they consider useful in diseases of the
chest, in the dose of three or four, two or three
times a day.
Abaptist'a, Abaptist'on or Abaptist'um, (a,
and /3arrr(^£iv, 'to plunge.') The old trepan, the
conical shape of which prevented it from plung-
ing suddenly into the cavity of the crnnium.
Abaptist'on, or Abaptist'um, Abaptista.
Abaremo-Temo. A Brazilian tree, which grows
in the mountains, and appears to be a mimosa.
Piso relates that the decoction of its bark, which
is bitter and astringent, was applied in that coun-
try to ulcers of a bad character.
1
Abar'nahas, Magnesia.
Abarticula'tio, {ab, and articulu$, '% jeint.*)
Diarthrosis, and Synarthrosis.
AbHtardissemetit, (from bdtard, 'bastard.')
Degeneration.
Abatis, Giblets.
Abattetnentf (from battre, ' to beat.') Prostra-
tion.
Abbecourt, Min'eral Wa'ters of. A chalyb-
eate spring, six leagues from Paris, and one
from Poissy, once much frequented.
Abbeville, Min'eral Wa'ters of. An acidu-
lous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the department
of Somme, France.
Abbrevia'tion, Abbrevia'tio, Brachyn'ais, Bra-
chya'mos, Abbreviatn' ra. (F.) Abreviation, {brevie,
'short.') Abbreviations, chiefly used in medici-
nal formulae, are by no means as frequently
employed now as of old, when every article had
its appropriate symbol. The following are some
of those which have been or are employed :
R. Recipe, Take.
A. 11, ANA, (ava,) Utriusqtie, Of each.
Abdom. Abdomen.
Abs. Febr. Abaente febre, In the absence of
fever.
Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur. Add or let be
added.
Ad. Deliq. Ad deliquium, To fainting.
Ad. Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure.
Admov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied.
Altebn. Hoh. Alternia horia, Every other
hour.
Alv. Adstrict. Alvo adatrictd, The bowels
being confined.
Aq. Aqua, Water.
Aq. Bull. Aqua bulliena, Boiling water.
Aq. Comm. Aqua communis, Common wafctr.
Aq. Ferv. Aqua fervena, Hot water.
Aq. Font. Aqua fontis, Spring water.
Aq. Marin. Aqua marina. Sea water.
B. A. Balneum arense, A sand bath.
Bals. Bnhamum, Balsam.
BB. BBDS. Barbadenais, Barbadoes.
Bib. Bibe, Drink.
Bis ind. Bis indiea. Twice daily.
B. M. Balneum marise. (F.) Bain mari*^ A
water bath.
BoL. Bolua.
Bull. Bidliat, Let it boil, or Bulliena, Boiling-
Bur. Butt/rum, Butter.
B. V. Balneum raporia, A vapor bath.
(1>
ABBREVIATION
ABBREVIATION
C. Congius, A gallon.
CiERUli. Cieruleus, Blue.
Cap. Capiat, Let him take,
C. C. Cormi cervi, Hartshorn.
C. C. U. Cornu cervi ustuin, Burnt hartshorn.
C. M. Craa mau^, To-morrow morning.
C. N. Cras node, To-morrow night.
C. V. Cras vesjyere, To-morrow evening.
COCHL. Cochleare, A spoonful.
CocHL. Ampl. Cochleare amplum, A large
spoonful.
CocHL. Inf. Cochleare infantum, A child's
gpoonful.
CoCHL. Mod. or Mkd. Cochleare modicum or
medium, A dessertspoonful.
CoCHL. Parv. Cochleare jyarvnm, A teaspoonful.
Col. Cola, and Colaturas, Strain, and To the
material strained.
Com p. Compositua, Compound.
CoNF. Confectio, Confection.
Cons. Coneerva, Conserve.
CONT. Continuetur, Let it be continued.
COQ. Coque, Boil.
CORT. Cortex, Bark.
Crast. Crastinus, For to-morrow.
CuJ. Cujus, Of which.
CUJUSL. Cujuslibet, Of any.
Cyath. Cyathus, A glassful.
Cyath. The^, a teacupful.
D. Doaia, A dose.
D. ET S. JDetur et aignetur {placed at the end of
a prescription.) Let it be given and directed.
D. D. Detur ad. Let it be given in or to.
DeAUR. Pil. Deauretur pilula. Let the pill be
gilded.
Deb. Spiss. Debita spisaitudo, A due consist-
ence.
Dec. Deeanta, Pour off.
Decub. Decubitus, Lying down, going to bed.
De D. in D. De die in diem. Prom day to day.
Dej. Alv. Dejectionea alvi, Alvine evacuations.
Dep. Depuratua, Purified.
Dest. Deatilln, Distil.
Det. Detur, Let it be given.
DiEB. Altern- Diebus aliernia, Every other day.
DiEB. Tert. Diebna tertiia, Every third day.
Dig. Digeratur, Let it be digested.
DiL. Dilutua, Dilute.
Dim. Dimidiua, One-half.
Div. Divide, Divide.
DoNEC Alv. Solut. Fder. Donee alvua aoluta
fnerit. Until the bowels are opened.
Drach. Drachma, A drachm.
Ejusd. Ejuadem, Of the same.
Enem. Enevia, A clyster.
ExHiB. Fxhibeafur, Let it be exhibited.
Ext. super Alut. Extende super alutam,
Spread upon leather.
F. Fiat, Let it be made.
F. PiL. Fiat Pilula, Make into a pill.
F. Venues, or F. VS. Fiat venaaectio, Let
bleeding be performed.
Feb. Dur. Febre durante. The fever continuing.
Fem. Intern. Femoribua internia, To the in-
side of the thighs.
Fist. Arm at. Fiatnla armata, A bag and pipe
— a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use.
Fl. Fluidua, Fluid, and Florca, Flowers.
Fraot. Dob. Fractd doai, In a divided or
broken dose.
Frust. Fruatillatim, In small pieces.
Gel. Quavis. Qelatind qudvia, In any kind of
jelly.
G. G. G. Oummi guttre Gambia, Gamboge.
Qr. Grfinum, A grain.
Gt. Outta, A drop. (}tt. Guttff, Drops.
Gtt. or GuTT. QuiBUSD. Guttia quibuadam,
With some drops.
Gum. Gumvti, Gum.
QuTTAT. OuUalim, By drops.
HoR. Decub. Jlord decub^t^a, At bed-time.
HoR. Interm. Horia intermediia, At interme-
diate hours.
H. S. Hord aomni, At bed-time.
Inf. Lifunde, Infuse.
Ind. Indies, Daily.
Inj. Enem. Injiciatur enema. Let a clyster be
given.
In Pulm. In pulmento. In gruel.
Jul. Julepua, A julep.
Lat. Dol. Lateri dolenti, To the pained side.
Lb. and Lib. Libra, A pound weight.
Lib. Llb. Librse, Pounds.
LiQ. Liquor.
M. Misce, Mix.
Mac. Macera, Macerate.
Man. Manipulua, A handful.
Man. Prim. Man^ primo. Early in the morning.
Mic. Pan. Mica pania. Crumb of bread.
MiN. Minimum, Minim, The 60th part of a
drachm by measure.
Mitt. Mitte, Send.
Mitt. Sang. Mittatur aanguia, Let blood be
drawn.
Mod. Pr^escript. Modo prseacripto, In the
manner directed.
Mor. Sol. More aolito, In the usual manner.
Muc. Mucilago, Mucilage.
N. M. Nux moschata, Nutmeg.
0. Octariua, A pint.
01. Oleum, Oil.
Ol, Lini S. I. Oleum lint sine igne. Cold-drawn
linseed oil.
Omn. Bid. Omni biduo, Every two days.
Omn. Bih. Oynni bihorio, Every two hours.
Omn. Hor. Omni hord, Every hour.
Omn. Man. Omni man^., Every morning.
Omn. Nocte, Every night.
Omn. Quadr. Hor. Omni quadrante horse,
Every quarter of an hour.
0. 0. 0. Oleum olivse optimum. Best olive oiL
Ov. Ovum, An egg.
Ox. Oxymel.
Oz. TJncia, An ounce.
P. Pondere, By weight, and Para, A part.
P. and Pug. Pugillus, A pugil.
P. M. Partea sequalea. Equal parts.
Part. Vic. Partitia vicibua, In divided doses.
PerACT. Op. Emet. Peractd operatione emetici.
The operation of the emetic being over.
Pil. Pilula, A pill. Pil. or Pill. Pilula,
Pills.
Post. Sing. Sed. Liq. Post aitigulaa aedea liqui-
das. After every liquid evacuation.
Pot. Potio, A potion.
P. P. Pulvia patrum, Jesuits' bark.
P. Rat. ^tat. Pro ratioue setatia, Accerding
to the age.
P. R. N. Pro re natd, As occasion may be.
PuLV. Pulvia, A powder.
Q. P. Quantum placeat. As much as may please.
Q. S. Quantum aiijfficit. As much as is sufficient.
Q. V. Quantum voliieris. As much as you wish,
QuoR, Quorum, Of which.
Rad. Radix, Root.
Ras. Uaaura, Shavings.
Rect. liectijicatua. Rectified.
Red. or Redig. in Pulv. Redacttia in pulverem,
or Redigatur in pulverem. Powdered, or Let it be
powdered.
Reg. Umbil. Regio umbilici. The umbilicaj
region.
Repet. Repetatur, Let it be repeated.
S. Signa, Write, or Give directiows.
S. A. Secundum artem. According to art.
Sem. Semen, Seed.
Semi-dr. Semidrachma, Half a drachm.
Semi-h. Semihnra, Half an hour.
Skrv. Serva, Keep, fireserve.
Sesquih. Seaquihoru, An hour and a hjJf.
ABBREVIATION
ABDUCTOR
3
. SEStriTC. Sesuncia, An ounce and a half.
Si Non Val. Si non valeat, If it does not
answer.
Si Op. Sit. Si opus sit, If there be need.
Si Vir. Perm. Si vires permittant, If the strength
■irill permit.
Sing. Singulorxim, Of each.
SoLV. Solve, Dissolve.
Sp. and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit.
Ss. Semi, One half.
St. Stet, Let it stand.
Sub Fin. Coct. Sub Jtnem coctionis, Towards
ae end of the boiling.
Sum. Suniat, Let him take; also, Summitates,
.["he tops.
S. V. Spiritus vini, Spirit of wine.
S. V. R. Spiritus vini rectijicatus, Rectified
spirit of wine.
S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuior, Proof spirit of
wine.
Syr. Si/ricpus, Syrup.
Temp. Dext. Tempori dextro, To the right
temple.
T. 0. Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium.
Tr., Tra. and Tinct. Tinctura, Tincture.
Trit. Tritura, Triturate.
UsQ. AD Deliq. Us' que ad deliq'uium, To faint-
ing.
V. 0. S. or ViT. Ov. Sol. Vitello ovi solutus.
Dissolved in the yolk of an egg.
VS. Vensesectio, Venesection.
Z.Z. Anciently myrrA : now 2?H3t6er or ginger.
ft)., Libra, A pound, lib. Pounds.
,^, Uncia, An ounce.
f,^, Fluiduncia, A fluidounce.
^, Drachma, A drachm.
f^, Fluidrachma, A fluidrachm.
T^, Scrupulum, A scruple.
^, 3finimum, A minim.
ss., Semissis, or half; iss., sesqui, one and a half.
j., one; ij., two; iij., three; iv. four, &c. See
Symbol.
The same system is not always followed in ab-
breviating. The subjoined will exhibit the usual
mode:
R
Infus. Colomb. f^vss.
Tinct. Gent. Comp. t^Vn.
Si/r. Cort. Aurant. f^ii.
Tinct. Caps. f^i. M.
Capt. -coch. ij. p. r. n.
This, written at length, is as follows :
Recipe
In/usi Colombas fluiduncias quinque cum se-
misse.
Tincturse Gentianse Compositse fiuidrachmas
tres.
Syrupi Corticis Aurantiorum fiuidrachmas
duas.
Tincturse Capsici fluidraehmam.
Misce.
Capiat cochlearia duo pro re natS,.
In the United States the directions are always
written in English.
Ah(^.s, Abscess — a. Aigu, see Abscess.
• Ahcds en Boiiton de Cliemise, Shirtbutton or
Shirtstud Abscess. A deep-seated mammary ab-
scess, following the septa of the breast, and ap-
pearing under the skin, so as eventually to give
rise to one or more subcutaneous ab8ces8es,without
losing the original character of submammary sup-
puration. A cavity exists between the integu-
ments and the gland — another, larger, between
the mamma and the chest — the two communicat-
ing by a passage, which is generally narrow— the
whole having the exact apoearance of a shirtstud.
Ahc^s Chaud, see Abscess — a. Chronique, see
Abscess — a. par Congestion, see Abscess — a.
Consecutif, AhscGSs, metastatic — a. Diathesique,
see AbBcess — a. Froid, &qq Abscess — a Metaa-
I tatique, Abscess, metastatic — a. Bitro-^itSrine, see
j Retro-uterine — a. Scrofuleux, see Abscess — <t.
Soudnin, see Abscess.
Abdo'men, gen. Abdo'minis, (from abdere, * to
conceal ; ' because it conceals the viscera; by some,
fancifully presumed to be from abdere, to 'conceal,'
and omentum, ' the caul.* From abdo is formed
abdomen, as from lego, legunien.) Etrou, Hypo-
gas'trion, Physce, Hypucce'lium, Epis'chion, Lap'-
ara, Hypochoi'lion, G aster, Arce'a, Ilirach, Nedys,
Neice'ra, Nei'ra, Abdu'rnen, Veiiter, Venter imus,
Venter in'Jinins, Alvus, U'terns, The belly, (Sc.)
ICyte, Peiiehe, (Prov.) Baggie, Hag, Pook, (F.)
Ventre, V. infirienr, Bas ventre. The largest of
the three splanchnic cavities, bounded, above, by
the diaphragm; below, by the pelvis; behind, by
the lumbar vertebra?; and at the sides and for©
part, by muscular expansions. It is distinguished
into three anterior regions, from above to below, —
the epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric, — each
of which is itself divided into three others, one
middle, and two lateral : thus, the epigastric region
comprises the epigastrium and hypochondria ; the
umbilical, the umbilicus and flanks or lumbar re-
gions ; and the hypogastric, the hypogastrium and
iliac regions. Xone of these regions has its limits
well defined. The chief viscera, contained in the
cavity of the abdomen — Coe'lia, Cavum Abdom'-
inis — are the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen,
pancreas, kidneys, &o. It is lined by the peri-
toneum.
Abdo'men, Pend'ulous, Physconia.
Abdom'inal, Abdominal' is, Ventral' is. Ventral,
That which belongs to the Abdomen, as abdominal
muscles, abdominal viscera, abdominal section, &c.
Abdom'inal ring, Inguinal ring.
Abdo'minis Explora'tio, Abdominoscopia.
Abdominoscop'ia, Gastroscop'ia, Laparoscop'ia^
Abdom'inis Explora'tio, Abdom'inoscopy. A hy-
brid word, from abdomen, and aKOiZtw, * I view.'
Examination of the lower belly as a means of
diagnosis. See Auscultation.
Abdom'inoUS, Ventrico'sus, Ventro'sus, Ventri-
couH, Vent'ricose, Big-bellied, Big-paunched, Ven-
trip'otent. Having a large abdomen.
Abdu'oens, Motor oculi externus — a. Labio'-
rum, Levator anguli oris.
Abducteiir, Abductor — a. de I'veil, Rectus ex-
ternus oculi — a. de I'oreille, Abductor auris — a.
du gros orteil, Abductor pollicis pedis — a. du
petit orteil, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — a.
court du police, Abductor pollicis brevis — a.
long du ponce, Abductor pollicis longus.
Abduc'tion, Abdv.c'tio, (from abducere, 'to sep-
arate,* ab and ducere, ' to lead.') The movement
which separates a limb or other part from the
axis of the body.
The word has also been used synonymously
with Abrup'tio, Apag'ma, Apoclas'tna, a fracture
near the articular extremity of a bone, with sepa-
ration of the fragments.
Abduct'or, gen. Abducto'ris, (F.) Ahducteur,
A muscle which moves certain parts by separat-
ing them from the axis of the body.
Abduct'or Auric ula'ris. Abductor auris.
Abduct'or Au'ris, Abduct'or auriada'ris, (P.)
Abducteur de I'oreille. A portion o^ the posterior
auris, whose existence is not constant, which
passes from the mastoid process to the concha.
Abduct'orBrkvis Altkr, see Abductor Pollicis.
Abduct'or In'dicis, Semi-interos'seus in'dicis.
A muscle which arises from the os trapezium
and metacarpal bone of the thumb, and is inserted
into the first bone of the forefinger. Its use is to
bring the forefinger towards the thumb.
Abductor Indicis Pedis, Prior indicis pedis,
Posterior indicis pedis — a. Longus Pollicis, Ab-
ductor Pollicis longus.
Abduct'or Min'imi Dig"iti, Carpophalan'geue
min'imi digiti, Exten'sor ter'tii interno'dii minimi
ABDUCTOR
ABLUTION
digiti — (Douglas.) Hjjpoth' enar mi'nor metacar'-
peus, (F.) Carpo-phalangien da petit doigt. (See
also Flexor parvus minimi digiti.) It originates,
fleshy, from the os pisiforme, and from the annular
ligament near it ; and is inserted, tendinous, into
the inner side of the base of the first bone of the
little finger. Use, to draw the little finger from the
rest.
Abduct'or Mix'imi Dig"iti Pe'dis, Calcoaub-
phalang'eiis minimi digiti, Calcaneo -jiJmlungien
du petit orteil, Parath'enar ma'jor — ( By Winslow,
the muscle is divided into two portions, — Para-
thenar major and vietatarseue.) — Calcaneo-sous-
phalangien du 2^6 tit orteil — (Ch.), (F.) Abduc-
teur du petit orteil. This muscle forms the outer
margin of the sole of the foot, and is immediately
beneath the plantar aponeurosis. It arises, ten-
dinous and fleshy, from the outer side of the pro-
tuberance of the OS calcis, and from the root of the
metatarsal bone of the little toe, and is inserted
into the outer part of the root of the first bone of
the little toe. Use, to draw the little toe outwards.
Abduct'ou Oculi, Rectus externus oculi.
Abduct'ok Pol'licis Bre'vis, Abductor Pollicis
Ma' iiiiSfScajihocarposuperpJialaii' geua Poinds, Su8-
phalangien du ponce, A. pollicia ma'nds, (F.)
Abdncteur court du pouce, Garpo-sus-plialangien
du pouce (Ch.). — A short, flat, triangular muscle,
which arises from the anterior surface of the os
Bcaphoides and the annular ligament of the carpus,
and terminates at the outside of the upper ex-
tremity of the first phalanx of the thumb. A
particular portion, on the inner side of this mus-
cle, is called, by Albinus, Abductor brevis alter,
Abditct'or Pol'licis Long'its or A. Longus
Pollicis, A. P. L. Ifaniia, Uxten'aor oa'aia metaear-
pi poUicia maniia, Extensor pri'mi internodii
(Douglas) — Extensor pri'mus PoUicia, Cubito-
radi-aua-metacarpien du police, Cubito-aua-meta-
earpien du pouce (Ch.) — (F.) Abducteur long du
pouce. A long, thin muscle, arising from the
posterior surface of the ulna, radius, and inter-
osseous ligament, and inserted at the outer side
of the upper extremity of the first metacarpal
bone.
Abduct'or Pol'licis Ma'nus, Abductor Pol-
licis Brevis.
Abduct'or Pol'licis Pe'dis, Calcoaubphalan' -
geua Pol'licia. (F.) Abdncteur du gros orteil.
This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior and
inner part of the protuberance of the os calcis,
and tendinous from the same bone where it joins
with the OS naviculare. It is inserted, tendinous,
into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the
first bone of the great toe. Use, to pull the great
toe from the rest.
The name Abductor has been given also to all
those interosseous muscles of the hand and foot
which perform the motion of abduction on the
fingers or toes, and to muscles which execute the
game function in other parts of the body.
Abdu'men, Abdomen.
Abebae'os, {a^t^ams, from a, neg., and ^e^aios,
*firm,') Itifirm'ua, Deb' ilia. Weak,infirm,unstead3\
Abetlle, (from opicula, d'un.oi apia, ' a bee.') Bee.
Abelme'luch. One of the names of the Ricinus,
according to some authors. — Prosper Alpinus
says that a tree, which grows about Mecca, is so
called. Its seeds, which are black and oblong, are
■aid to bo a most violent cathartic.
A'belmoscll, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
AbelmOBch'us, Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. Es-
culentus, Hibiscus esculentus — a. Moschatus,
UibJHcus abchnoHchus.
A'belmusk, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
Abeusberg, Mia'eral Wa'ters of. A. is a city
of Bavaria, whore tboro is a cold, sulphureous
spring.
Abernethy, Sarcoma of. See Sarcoma, Vas-
oular.
Aberra'tio, gen. Aberratio'nia, Aberration — :•
a. Lactis, Galactoplania — a. Loci, Heterotopia
— a. Mensium seu Menstruorum, Menstruation,
vicarious — a. Temporis, Heteiochronia.
Aberra'tion, Aberra' tio,{irom ab and errare, * to
stray,' *to wander from.') This word has several
meanings. 1. The passage of a fluid of the
living body into an order of vessels not destined
for it. In this sense it is synonymous with the
Error Loci of Bocrhaave. 2. The flow of a
fluid towards an organ different from that to
which it is ordinarily directed ; as in cases of
vicarious hemorrhage. Aberrations of sense or
judgment are certain errors in the perceptions, or
certain derangements of the intellectual faculties.
In optics it designates the dispersion of the rays
of light in passing through a lens.
Aberra'tion, Chromat'ic, Aberration of Re-
frangibility — a. Distan'tiaJ, see Aberra'tion of
Spheric'ity.
Aberra'tion of Refrangibil'ity, Chromat'ic
aberra'tion. Error of disper'sion, (F.) Aberration
de He/rangibilitS, Chromatiamej exists, when, as
in a common lens, the rays that pass near the cir-
cumference of the lens are decomposed, so that a
colored image is observed. This aberration in
the human eye is corrected by the iris, which does
not permit the rays to fall near the circumference
of the lens, and also by the crystalline lens itself,
which, owing to its structure, serves the purposes
of an achromatic glass.
Aberra'tion op Spheric"ity, or Spher'ical
Aberra'tion, takes place when the rays, as in a
common lens, which pass through the centre of
the lens, and those which pass near the circumfer-
ence, are unequally refraxjted, so that they do not
meet at a common focus. This aberration of
sphericity in the human eye is corrected by the
iris and lens. The defect arising from imperfect
adjustment of the focus is known as distan'tial
aberra'tion.
Abessi, Realgar.
Abevacua'tio, gen. Abevacuatio'nia,Apoceno'at8,
(ab, and evaciiare, ' to empty.') An evacuation.
A partial or imperfect evacuation. By some it is
applied to an immoderate evacuation. See Apo-
cenosis.
Abhal. A fruit well known in India, and ob-
tained from a species of cypress. It passes for an
emmenagogue.
A'bies, gen. Abi'etia, Pinus picea — a. Balsa-
mea, Pinus balsamea — a. Balsamif'era, Pinus
balsamea — a. Canadensis, Pinus Canadensis — a.
Excelsa, see Pinus abies — a. Gallica, Pinus picea
— a. Larix, Pinus larix — a. Pectinata, Pinus picea
— a. Picea, Pinus picea — a. Rubra, Pinus abies.
AMetique, Terebinthinate.
Ab'iga, Ajuga, Teucrium Chamaepitys.
Abio'sis, (a, and /3toj, ' life,') Death.
Abio'tus, (a/Siuros,) Conium maculatum.
Abirrita'tion, Abirrita'tio, {ab, and irritatio,
'irritation.') This word strictly means absence
or defect of irritation. The disciples of Broussais
used it to indicate a pathological condition, oppo-
site to that of irritation. It may be considered as
synonymous with debility, asthenia, Ac
Ablacta'tio, {ab, and lactare, ' to suckle.')
Weaning.
Ablast'es, {a^XacTin, from a, and ^XaoTog, *a
bud,') Sterile.
Abla'tio {ab, and/er>o, latum, * to take,') Ex-
tirpation.
Abla'tion, Extirpation.
Ableph'arus, {a, privative, and fiXc^papov, 'eye-
lid.') One who has no eyelids.
Ableps'ia, {a(iXcrpta,) Cascitas.
Abluen'tia, {abluere, — ab, and luere, — ' to
wash,') Detergents.
Ab'luents, Detergents.
Ablu'tiou, Ablu'tio, Aponip'ais, Catacltfs'mu*.
ABNOEMAL
ABRUS
5
A name given to legal ceremonies in which the
body is subjected to particular affusions. Ablu-
tien (especially of the extremities) with cold or
tenid water is employed, therapeutically, to re-
duce febrile heat. Also, the washing by which
medicines are separated from the extraneous mat-
ters mixed with them.
Abnorm'al, («&, and norma, 'rule.') Abnor-
mous.
Abnormarity, Anomalia.
Abnorm'itas, Anomalia.
Abnorm'ity, Anomalia.
Abnorm.'ous, Abnorm'is, Enorm'itt, Abnor'mal,
(F.) AnormaL Not conformable to rule; irreg-
ular.
Abolit'lon, Abolit"{o, (ab, and lucre (?) *to
wash.') Destruction or suppression. A word, often
employed, especially by the French, to express
the complete suspension of any symptom or
function.
Aboma'SUS, Aboma'sunij Enys'tron, VentHc'-
ulus intestinal' is, Ren'net, (Sc.) Roddikin, (F.)
Caillette, The lowermost or fourth stomach of
ruminating animals.
Abomina'tio, Disgust.
AJyondnnce, see Plethora.
Abor'sio, Abortion.
Abor'sus, gen. Afeor'sA*, Abortion.
Abort', Abort' ri. To miscarry. (F.) Avorter.
Aborticid'iam, {abortus, and caedo, * I kill/)
Foeticide.
Abortif, Abortive.
Abortifa'ciens, {abortus, and /ac»*o, *I make.')
Abortive.
Abor'tion, Abor'tus, Abor'sns, Abor'sio, Dys-
to'cia aborti'va, Omoto'cia, Paracye'sis abor'tus,
Amblo'sis, Amblo'ma, Amblos'mus, Ec'bole, Em-
bryotoc'ia, Diaph'thorn, Ectro'sis, Ejcainblo'ma,
Examblo' sis, Ectros'mus, Apopnlle'sis, Apopal'sis,
Apoph'thora, Phtho'ra, Convnl'sio u'terl, Deper-
di'tio, (F.) Avortement, Blessure, Miscarriage ;
(from ab and oriri, ortum, ' to rise,' applied to
that which has arisen out of season.) The ex-
pulsion of the foetus before the seventh month of
utero-gestation, or before it is viable. The causes
are referable either to the mother, and particularly
to the uterus ; or to the foetus and its dependencies.
The causes, in the mother, may be: — extreme
nervous susceptibility, great debility, plethora,
faulty conformation, <fec. ; and it is frequently in-
duced immediately by intense mental emotion,
violent exercise, &e. The causes seated in the
foetus are its death, rupture of the membranes, <fec.
It most frequently occurs between the 8th and
12th weeks of gestation. The symptoms of abor-
tion are : — uterine hemorrhage with or without
flakes of decidua, with intermitting pain. When
abortion has once taken place, it is extremely apt
to recur in subsequent pregnancies about the same
period. Some writers have called abortion, when
it occurs prior to three months. Effluxion. The
treatment must vary according to the constitution
of the patient and the causes giving rise to it.
In all cases, the horizontal posture and perfect
quietude are indispensable.
Abortiox is likewise applied to the product of
an untimely birth, — Abor'tus, Abor'sus, Apoble'-
itia, Apob'ole, Ecblo'ma, Amblothrid' ion, Ectro'ma,
Fruc'tus immatu'rus, Abort'ment, (F.) Avorton,
Avortin.
Abor'tive, Aborti'vus, Ecbol'ius, Amblo'ticvs,
Amblothrid' ium, Ambol'icus, Phfhor'ius, Apo-
phthor'ius, Ectrot'icus, Abortifa'ciens, Acyte'rins,
Expel' lens, Phthiroc' tonus, Phtho roc' tonus, EcboV-
ieus, Gontrac'tor u'teri, Accelera'tor Partds, Par-
tu'rient, Parturifa'cient, Ecbol'ic. (F.) Ahortif.
A medicine to which is attributed the property of
causing aoortion. There is probably no direct
agent of the kind. See Ectrotic.
Abort'ment, Abortion.
Abort'ns, gen. Abortus, Abortion.
Ahmichement, {bouche, 'mouth,') Anastomosis.
Aboula'za, a tree of Madagascar, used, accord-
ing to Flacourt, in that country in diseases of
the heart.
Aboutissement, {abotitir, * to come to an end/
from bout, 'end,') Suppuration.
Abof/euses, (aboyer, *to bark.') See Convul-
sionnaire.
A'brabax, A'bracax, A'brasax, A'hraxas. A
mystic term, expressing the number 365, to which
the Cabalists attributed miraculous properties. A
form of amulet.
Abracada'bra, Abrasada'bra, the name of a
Syrian idol, according to Selden. This word,
when pronounced and repeated in a certain form
and a certain number of times, was supposed to
have the power of curing fevers and preventing
many diseases. It was figured on amulets and
worn suspended around the neck.
ABRACADABRA
BRACADABRA
RACADABRA
ACADABRA
C A D A B R A
A D ABR A
D A B R A
A B R A
BRA
R A
A
Abracalan'. A cabalistic term to which th«
Jews attributed the same virtue as to the word
Abracadabra.
A'bracax, Abrabax.
A'braham Man. A name given, three centu-
ries ago, to one who, for purposes of imposition,
personated a ' Tom of Bedlam ' or vagrant lunatic.
To sham Abraham or Abram. is now used for oi>«
who feigns sickness or infirmity of any kind.
Abrasada'bra, Abracadabra.
A'brasax, Abrabax.
Abra'sio, gen. Abrasio'nia, Abrasion — a. Den-
tium, Odontotripsis.
Abra'sion, Abra'sio, Aposyr'ma, Apoxys'mus,
(Prov.) Fleck, (from abradere, — ab and radere,
rasum, — ' to rasp.') A superficial excoriation, with
loss of substance, under the form of small shreds, in
the mucous membranes of the intestines, — (F.) lia-
clnres des Boyanx. Also, an ulceration of the skin,
possessing similar characters. According to Vicq
d'Azyr, the word has been used for the absorption
of the molecules composing the various organs.
Abrathan', Artemisia abrotanum.
A'braxas, Abrabax.
Ahre, Abrus precatorius.
Abriiviation, Abbreviation.
Abricot, (from priecox, 'precocious/) see Pru-
nus Armeniaca — a. Sativage, Mammea Ameri-
cana.
Abricotier, Prunus Armeniaca.
Abro'ma Angust'um. The root of this tree,
which grows in India, is employed in dysmen-
orrhoea.
Abro'sia, {a, and ^puxrtg, 'food,') Abstinence.
Abrot'anum, [a^porovov,] Artemisia abrotanum
— a. Cathsum, Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mas,
Artemisia abrotanum.
Ahrotone, Artemisia abrotanum.
Abrotoni'tes, {a^poToviryi, — mvos, *wine/ un-
derstood.) Wine impregnated with Artemisia
Abrotanum or Southernwood.
Abrot'onum, (afiporovov,) Artemisia Abrotanum.
Abrup'tio, gen. Abrupfio'nis, {ab and rumpere,
ru)itnm, 'to break,') sec Abduction.
A'brns Precato'rius, (from ajSpo?, 'elegant.')
Liq'uorice Bush, Red Bean, Love pea, (F.) Ahre,
Liane dt, riglisse. A small ornamental shrub.
6
ABS
ABSORPTION
found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in Egypt
and the West Indies ; Nat. Ord. Leguminosje ;
Sex. Syat. Monadelphia Euncandria ; having beau-
tiful scarlet seeds with a black spot. The roots
and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demulcents.
The seeds of the American kind are considered to
be purgative and poisonous. They are employed
to form rosaries, and hence called, in mockery,
Jumhle heads.
Abs, as a prefix, see A.
Ab'scess, (from abscedo, — aba, and cedere, — *I
depart,' or 'separate from.') Absces'sus, Abaces'-
$io, Aphiste'aia, Apo8te'7na, dim. Apoatema'tion,
Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'aia, Reces'aua, Abacea'aion, Apoa'-
tetn, Impoa' thume, Impoa'tem, Gath'ering, Ri'aing ;
(Old Eng.) Apoatemacion, Apoat' hnme, (Sc.) Hat-
trel, (Prov.) Goid, Numpoat, Poatime, Addle, (F.)
Ahcla, Dep6t. A collection of ])us in a cavity,
the result of a morbid process. See Pyogenia, and
Suppuration.
The French have various distinctive terms for
Abscesses. Abcia ckaud, nigu, aoudain, is one
which follows violent inflammation. Ahcea froid,
chronique, acrofiileux, — Cold, chronic, atrumoua, or
acrofnloua abaceaa, — one which is the result of
chronic or scrofulous inflammation. Abcea par
Congeation, A. diathSaique, a symptomatic abscess;
one which occurs in a part at a distance from the
inflammation by which it is occasioned : e. g, a
lumbar abscess, in which the inflammation may be
in the lumbar vertebrae, whilst the pus exhibits
itself at the groin.
AB'scKss,ALVE'oLAn, Parulis — a. of the Breast,
Mastodynia Apostematosa — a. Chronic, see Ab-
scess — a. Cold, see Abscess — a. Embolic, a. Me-
tastatic.
Abscess, Fe'cal, Abaeeaaua Stercoroaua. An
abscess formed by the entrance of the contents
of the bowel into a contiguous purulent cyst.
Abscess, Mam'mary, Mastodynia Apostematosa.
AbscksS, Metastat'ic, Embolic Abaceaa, Ahacea'-
8U8 metaatat'icua, (F.) Abc^a mStaatatiqiie, A. eon-
aecutif. An abscess which forms suddenly, and
sometimes without any precursory signs of inflam-
mation, in a part of the body remote from one
in a state of suppuration, and without present-
ing a sufficient reason for its development in the
place which it occupies. It is a result of phle-
bitis.
Abscess, Milk, Mastodynia Apostematosa — a.
Per'forating, of the Lung, see Lung, perforating
abscess of the — a. Perilaryngeal, see Perilaryn-
gitis — a. Psoas, Lumbar abscess — a. Periuterine,
see Periuterine — a. Pyaemic, see Pyohoemia.
Abscess, Resid'ual. A term applied by Paget
to include all abscesses found in or about the res-
idues of former inflammations, as in the adhe-
sions, thickening, or other lowly organized pro-
ducts of inflammation long past.
Abscess, Retrophabynge'al, see Retropharyn-
geal — a. Shirtstud, Abcia en bonton de chemiae
— a. Scrofulous, see Abscess — a. Subperiosteal,
see Periostitis.
Abscess'io, Abscess.
Absoes'sion, Abscess.
Abscess'us, gen. Abaceaa'Aa, Abscess — a.
Articuli, Pyarthrosis — a. Capitis Sanguineus
Neonatorum, Cephalajmatoma — a. Cerebri, Ence-
phalopyosis — a. Gangraonescens, Anthrax — a.
Gangraenosus, Anthrax — a. (iingivarum, Parulis
— a. LacteuH, Mastodynia apostematosa — a. Lum-
borum, Lumbar abscess — a. Mammae, Mastody-
nia apostematosa — a. Metastaticus, Abscess, me-
tastatic — a. Nucleatus, Furunculus — a. Oculi,
Hypopyon — -.a. Pectoris, Empyema — a. Pulmo-
num, Pueumapostcma — a. Renalis, Ncphrapos-
tasis — a. Spirituosus, Aneurii'm — a. Stercorosus,
Abscess, fecal — a. Thoracis, Empyema — a. Uri-
nalifl, Urapostema — a. Urinosus, Urapostema.
Absois'io, gen. Ahaciaio'nia, Abscission.
Abscis'slo, Abscission — a. Praeputii, Circum-
cision.
Abscis'sion, Abacia'io, Abacia'aio, (from aJ-
acidere or ahacindere, * to cut ofF,') Apoc'ope, Apo-
thrau'aia, Diac'opS. Excision or extirpation of a
part, especially of a soft part. Fracture or injury
of soft parts, with loss of substance. Diminution,
or loss of voice. Sudden and premature termina-
tion of a disease.
Abscon'sio, gen. Ahaconaio'nia, (aba, and con-
dere, conanm, * to hide,') Sinus.
Absences, see Epilepsy.
Absinthe, see Artemisia absinthium. -
Absinth'ism, see Artemisia absinthium.
Absrnthi'tes, gen. Abainthi'toe, (atpiv^irrjs,) Ap-
ainthi'tea. Wine impregnated with Absinthium or
Wormwood.
Absinthium, (Ph. U. S.,) {axluvhov,) Arte-
misia absinthium — a. Marinum, Artemisia mari-
tima — a. Maritimum, Artemisia maritima — a.
Ponticum, Artemisia pontica — a. Romanum, Ar-
temisia pontica — a. Santonicum, Artemisia san-
tonica — a. Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium.
Absoi'bant, Absorbent.
AloBOTh' entjAbaorb' e7i8,{fromabaorhere, — a J and
aorbere, — 'to drink, to suck up.') (F.) Absorb-
ant. That which absorbs. A medicine used for
absorbing acidity in the stomach and bowels, as
magnesia, chalk, <fec. Inver'tena, Reaor'bena, Sat'-
urana, Prsecip'itana. Also, any substance, such as
cobweb, sponge, Ac, which, when applied to a
bleeding surface, retains the blood, and forms with
it a solid and adhesive compound, which arrests
the hemorrhage.
Absorb'ent Syst'em is the collection of vessels,
Vaaa abaorben'tia seu reaorben'tia, and glands,
which concur in the exercise of absorption.
Absorp'tio, gen. Abaorptio'nia, Absorption — a.
Sanguinis, Ilaemorrhophesis.
Absorp'tion, (same etymon as Absorbent), ^i-
aorp'tio, Jieaorp'tio, Inhala' tio, Imbibit"io, Anar'-
rhophe, Anarrophe' aia, Catapino'aia, Rhcehde' aiSf
Catarrhophe'aia, Catar'rhoplie. The function of
absorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up
substances from without or within the body. Two
great divisions have been made of this function.
1. External ahaorption, or the abaorption of com-
poaition, which obtains, from without the organs,
the materials intended for their composition ; and,
2. Internal or decompoaing abaorption, or the ah-
8or2)tion of decompoaition, which takes up from tho
organs the materials that have to be replaced.
By external abaorption is meant not only that
which takes place at the external surface of the
body, but also that of the mucous membranes of
the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence,
again, the division of external absorption into cu-
ta'neoua — reaorp'tio cuta'nea seu cu'tia, inhala' tio
cu'tia, — intea'tinal or digea'tive, and pidmonari/ or
rea'piratory.
Internal absorption is also subdivided into,
1. Molec'tdur or interatit"ial, nu'tritive, organ'ic,
or decompo'aing, which takes up from each organ
the materials that constitute it, so that the decom-
position is always in equilibrio with the deposi-
tion. 2. Tho abaorption of rccrementit"ial seci'e'ted
Jlu'ida, such as tho fluid of serous membranes,
synovia, <fcc. As these are constantly exhaled on
surfaces which have no external outlet, they would
augment indefinitely if absorption did not remove
them in the same proportion as that in which they
are deposited. 3. The abaorption of a part of th«
excrement it" ial aecre'ted jlu'ida, as they pass over
the excretory passages.
The great agents of external absorption are the
veins and chylifcrous vessels; of internal absorp-
tion, probably the lymphatics. In the chylifcrous
vessels and lymphatics the fluid is always found
to posses/j tho same general properties. In them,
therefore, an action of elaboration or selection
ABSORPTION
ACARDIONERVIA
must have taken place. The veins, on the other
hand, seem to exert no selection. Any fluid, pos-
sessing the necessary tenuity, passes through the
coats of the vessel readily by imbibition, and pro-
ceeds along with the torrent of the circulation.
Watery fluids in this manner enter the blood when
they are taken into the stomach. Substances that
require digestion, on the other hand, may pass
through the chyliferous vessels and thoracic duct.
Absorp'tiok op Composit'ion, see Absorption —
a. Cutaneous, see Absorption — a. Decomposing,
see Absorption — a. of Decomposition, see Ab-
sorption — a. Digestive, see Absorption.
Absorp'tion, Disjunctive. The absorption of
the living part of a tissue, in immediate connec-
tion with a dead portion ; the latter being thus
detached, as in the separation of a slough.
Absorp'tion op Excrementitial Secreted
Fluids, see Absorption — a. External, see Ab-
sorption — a. Internal, see Absorption — a. In-
terstitial, see Absorption — a. Intestinal, see Ab-
sorption — a. Molecular, see Absorption — a.
Nutritive, see Absorption — a. Organic, see Ab-
sorption.
Absorp'tion, Progressive. A form of absorp-
tion, often apparently caused by the interference
of pressure with the nutrition of a part, as of
a deep-seated tumour approaching the surface,
and inducing the absorption of the interposed
structures.
Absorp'tion, Pulmonary, see Absorption — a.
of Recrementitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption
— a. Respiratory, see Absorption.
Abstdme, Abstemious.
Abste'mioilS, Abate'mins, Aoi'nos, (from aba
and temetum, 'wine.') (F.) Absthne. Used by the
ancient writers, as well as by the French, in the
sense only of its roots ; one who abstains from
wine or fermented liquors in general.
Abstergen'tia, {aba and tergere, teraum, Ho
clean,') Detergents.
Abstersi'va, Detergents.
Absterso'ria, Detergents.
Ab'stinence, Abatinen'tia, — (from aba and te-
nere, *to hold,') — Abroa'ia, Aait'ia, Limnn'chia,
Faating. Privation, usually voluntary, as abati-
nence from drink, &c., but more particularly of
•ertain articles of food. Fasting is a useful re-
medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in
those of an inflammatorj' character.
Ab'sus, a kind of cassia, C. Abaua, which, grows
in Egypt and in India, the seeds of which, pul-
verized and mixed with powdered sugar, have
been employed as a dry collyrium, in the endemic
ophthalmia of Egypt.
Abu'lia, {affovXia, from a, and fiovXt], 'will.')
Loss of the will, or of volition.
Abu'licus. One who has lost the power of will
or of volition.
Abus de Soi-Meme, ('abuse of one's self,*)
Masturbation.
Abu'ta, (a Guiana name,) Pareira brava.
Abu'tilon Avicen'nae, A.Gorda'tum, Si'daAbu-
tilon, In'dian or Yel'low Mal'low, Vel'vet leaf;
Order, Malvaceae, (a, 'privative,' ^ovg, 'an ox,'
and nXos, ' diarrhoea,* that is ' a remedy for the
diarrhoea of cattle;') is naturalized, and common
in most parts of the United States. Like com-
mon mallow, it is mucilaginous and demulcent.
Abutilon Cordatum, A. Avicennje.
Abvacua'tio, (from ab, and vactiare, vacnatum,
' to empty.') An excessive or colliquative evacu-
ation of any kind.
Ac, as a prefix, same as Ad.
Aca'cia (Ph. U. S.), Acacise gummi (Ph. B.)—
G. Aca'cise Arab'icse, G. Jlimo'sse, G. Arab'icum,
G. Acanth'inum, G. Leu' cum, G. Theba'icnm, G.
Serapio'nia, G. Lamac, G. Sen'ega or Sen'eca, (see
Senegal, gum,) Gum Ar'abic, (F.) Gomme Ara-
btque. The gum of the tree Aca'cia seu Mimo'aa
Nilot'ica, Aca'cia ve'ra, Spi'na jiEgypti' aca, of
Upper Egypt, Nat. Ord, Mimoseae, Sex. Syat.
Polygamia Monoecia, (from mrt, ' a point,' so called
in consequence of the spines.) — A gummy exu-
dation from Acacia Vera and other species of
acacia, (Ph. U. S., 1873.) It is in irregular pieces,
colorless, or of a pale yellow color, hard, brittle,
of a shining fracture, transparent, soluble in
water, and insoluble in alcohol, s. g. 1'4317.
It is mucilaginous ; but is chiefly used in phar-
macy. Sometimes it is administered alone as a
demulcent. See Arabin.
Acacia Hor'rida and A. Giraf'fse, of South
Africa, yield a good gum. — Gum Pectoral is mada
by dissolving equal parts of gum arable and sugar
in water, and evaporating. — Gum Water (P.) Eau
de Gomme, is a solution of gum arable in water.
Acacia Catechu, Catechu — a. False, Robinia
pseudo-acacia — a. Germanica, see Prunus spinosa
— a. Giraffae, see Acacia — a. Horrida, see Acacia
— a. Indica, Tamarindus — a. Nilotica,see Acacia —
a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa — a. Senegal, ses
Senegal, gum — a. Vera, see Acacia — a. Zeylonica,
Hsematoxylon Campechianum.
Aoa'ciae Gum'mi, Aca'cia.
Acajou f (of Indian origin,) see Anacardium
acajah, Akasga.
Acaju'ba OflB.cina'li8, Anacardium occidentale.
Acal'yplia Betuli'na, (a, 'privative,' <caAoj,
'beautiful,' and h'pr], 'touch,* 'disagreeable to the
touch,') Cau'da fe'lin agrea'tia. An infusion of
the leaves is employed by the natives of India as
a stomachic and in cholera.
Acal'ypha Hisp'iDA, Caturus spiciflorus.
Acal'ypha In'dica, Ciipameni; Orrfer, Euphor-
biaceae. A common annual in the gardens of
India. An infusion of the root and a decoction
of the leaves are cathartic.
Acal'ypha Virgin'ica, Three-aeeded mer'cury,
indigenous, flowering in August, is said to have
expectorant and diuretic properties.
Aoam'atus, (a, and *:a/^vw, 'I labor.') This
word has been sometimes used for one of a good
constitution of the body. According to Galen,
it means that position in which a limb is inter-
mediate between flexion and extension ; a posi-
tion which may be long maintained without fa-
tigue.
Acamps'ia, {aKanipia, from a, and Kafxipn, ' flex-
ion,*) Contractura,
Ac'anos, {oKaws, * a prickle,) Onopordon acan-
thium — a. Spina, Onopordon acanthium.
Acanth'a, (oKav&a, ' a spine or thorn,') Ver-
tebral column. Also, Spinous process of a ver-
tebra.
Acanthab'olus, Acan'thulua, Acanthav'ola, Yol-
ael'la, {aKuv&a, 'a spine,' and /JuAAw, 'I cast out.')
A kind of forceps for removing extraneous sub-
stances from wounds.
Acanthalzu'ca, Echinops.
Acantbav'ola, Acanthabolus.
Acanthe Fausse, Ileracleum spondylium.
Acantb'ia Lectula'ria, Cimex.
Acanth'ium, Onopordon acanthium.
Acanth'ulus, Acanthabolus.
Acanth'us Mol'lis, (a^cav^oj, — from a/fav^«, 'a
spine or thorn.') 3lehimphyl'lum, Bran'ca ur-
ai'na seu ve'ra, Brankur'sine, Bear'a Breech. (F.)
Pied d'oura. This plant is mucilaginous like
Althaea, and is used as a demulcent.
Acapat'li, Piper longum.
Acar'dia, (a, and KopSia, ' the heart.*) The state
of a foetus without a heart.
Acardiohae'mia, (F.) AcnrdioMmie, (a, KapSia^
' heart,' and S.ifxa, ' blood.') Want of blood in the
heart.
Acardioner'via, (F.) Acardionervte : (a, KapSia,
'heart,' and vtvpov, 'nerve.') Want of nervous
action in the heart as indicated by the soundg
ceasing to be audible.
8
ACARDIOTROPHIA
ACCOUTUMANCK
Acardiotroph'ia, (a, KapSta, 'heart,' and rpcxprj,
'nourishment,') Heart, atrophy of the.
Acare, Acarus.
Ac'aricide, Acarid'daf {acaruH, and dedere, *to
kill.') A destroyer of acari, — as of the acarus
Bcabiei.
Acarico'ba. The Brazilian name for Hydro-
tot'yle wnhella'tum, used by the Indians as an
aromatic, alexipharmic, and emetic.
Ac'aron, {aKaprjs, 'small, short,') Myrica gale.
Acarp'se, (a, and Kapmi, 'fruit.') A division of
the family of cutaneous diseases by Fuchs, in
which there is no " fruit," (Germ. Frucht,) or pro-
duction from the cutaneous surface — tubercles,
vesicles or pustules. Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria,
and Pityriasis belong to it.
Ac'arus," (o, and Kaprji, ' divisible.') (F.) Aeare.
A minute insect, one species of which, Acnrns
Sca'biei, has been noticed, by many observers,
in the itch.
Ac'arus Ci'ro, see Psora — a. Comedonum,
Acarus Folliculorum.
Ac'arus Folliculo'rum, A. Comedo' num., En-
tozo'on seu De'modex seu Simo'nea sen Steatozo'-
on follictdo'rum, Macrogas'tcr plnt'ypus. An ar-
ticulated animalcule, discovered in the sebaceous
substance of the cutaneous follicles. According
to Professor Owen, it belongs to the Arachnida.
See Parasites.
Ac'arus Sca'biei, Acarus, see Psora.
Acatalep'sia, {aKaraXrixpia, from o, and KaraKafjL-
fiavu), ' I comprehend.') Uncertainty in diagnosis.
Its opposite is Catalepsia.
Acat'alis, see Juniperus communis.
Acatap'osis, {a, and Karamaig, * deglutition.')
Incapacity of swallowing. Difficulty of degluti-
tion.
Acatastat'ic, Acatastat'icua, (a, and Ka^iffTrjut,
♦to determine.') An epithet given to fevers, &c.,
when irregular in their periods or symptoms.
Acate'ra, see Juniperus communis.
Acatliar'sia, (a, and <«^a<,*t^w, ' I purge,') Sor-
de8, Impurities. Omission of a purgative.
Acatsjaval'li, An astringent and aromatic Mal-
abar plant. A bath of it is used in that country
in hemicrania. It is supposed to be the Gassy' tha
filiform'ia of Linnaeus.
Acawe'ria, Ophioxylum.
Accahlemetit, Torpor.
Accelerateur de V Urine, [ac, and celer,
'quick,') Accelerator urina9.
Accelera'tor (gen. Accelerato'ris) Par'tus,
Abortive.
Accelkra'tor Uri'v^, Bulhncnverno' 8U8, Bul-
bourethral (Ch.), Ejacula'tor Sein'inis, Compres'-
8or hul'bi, Bul'bouyetra'lia, A' nocaverno' aus (F.)
BulboHyndemno-caverueux, Accelerateiir de I'nrine,
Bulbo-caverneiiXy Ano-caverneiix. A muscle of
the penis, which arises, fleshy, from the sphincter
ani and membranous part of the urethra, and
tendinous, from the crus and beginning of the
corpus cavernosum penis. In its course it forms
a thin, fleshy layer, the inferior fibres of which
run more transversely than the superior, which
descend in an oblique direction ; the muscles of
both sides completely enclosing the bulb of the
urethra. It is inserted into its fellow by a tendi-
nous lino running longitudinally on the middle
of the bulb. Its use is to propel the urine or
semen forwards.
Ao'cent, So'nua vo'cia, (ad and canere, cantum,
' to sing.') Inflection or modification of the voice,
which consistB in raising or dropping it on certain
syllables. It exhibits various alterations in dis-
ease.
Aei^H, Accession, Attack, Paroxysm.
Ac'cess, AcceHrtion, Attack, Paroxysm.
Acces'sion, Accea'aio, (F.) Acc^.8, (from accedo,
ncceaaum, — ac and cedere, — * to approach.') The
invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease.
Accettsoire, Accessory — a. du long Flechiaaeitr
commun dea ortcila, see Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — u. de
I'Obturateur iuterne, Ischiotrochanterianus — a.
du Pied d' Hippocampe, see Cornu ammonis — a.
du Sacro-lombaire, see Sacrolumbal
Accesso'rius, Accessory — a. Flexoris Longi
Digitorum Pedis, see Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — a. Pedis
hippocampi, see Cornu ammonis — a. ad Sacro-
lumbalem, see Sacro-lumbar.
Ac'cessory, Accesao'rina, (F.) Acceaaoii-e, An-
nexe. A consequence or dependence on any thing ;
as accessory liyanient, muscle, nerve, &c.
Ac'cEssoKY OP THE Parot'id is a name given
by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies
the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro-
longation of the parotid itself. See Parotid.
Ac'cessory Sci'ences to Med'icine are those
which do not relate directly to the science of
man in a state of health or disease; as physics,
chemistry, <fec.
Ac'cessory of the Par Va'gum, Spinal nerve.
Access'us, gen. Acces'aua, Coition, Paroxysm.
Ac'cidens, gen. Acciden'tia, (from accidere,
— ac and cadere — 'to happen.') Symptom, Acci-
dent — a. Coiisecnti/a, Consecutive phenomena.
Ac'cident, Ac'cidena. A casualty; an unfore-
seen event. The French — like older English
writers — use the term in nearly the same sense
as aymptom ; also an unexpected symptom.
Acciden'tal, AdventiVioua. That which hap-
pens unexpectedly. See Tissue, Accidental.
Accip'iter, gen. Accip'itria, Hi'erax, 'the hawk,'
(from accijiere, — ac and cnpio, — 'to take.') Me-
nec'ratis Accip'iter, (F.) Epervier. A bandage
applied over the nose, so called from its likeness
to the claw of a hawk.
Accli'mated, AccH'matiaed, Cli'mati aaaue'tua^
{ac, and clima, 'climate.') Accustomed to a cli-
mate. A word of modern introduction from the
French.
Accliniatation, Acclimation.
A.ccliniatenient, Acclimation.
Acclima'tion, Acclima'tio, CUma'tion, Seaa'-
oning, (F.) Acclimatement, Acclimatation, Accli-
matiaation. The act of becoming acclimated or
accustomed to a climate.
The constitution of a person, who goes to live
in another and a very difi'erent climate, usually
experiences changes, frequently of an unfavor-
able cha,racter, the study of which is of consider-'
able importance in medicine.
Acclimatisa'tioii, Acclimation.
Accli'matised, Acclimated.
A.cconnpagnenietit de la Cataracte, Accom^
paniment to the cataract.
Accom'paniment, Adjunc'tum, (F.) Accom-
pagnemeiiff {ac, and compagnon, ' an associate.')
That which is joined to any thing.
Accom'paniment to the cnt'aract, (F.) Accom-
pngnement de la cotaracie, is a whitish, viscid
substance, which sometimes surrounds the opaque
crystalline lens, and remains after the operation
for cataract, causing a secondary cataract.
Accmichee, {ac, and couche, ' a bed.') Puerpera.
JLccoucherncnt, Parturition — a. cuntre Nature,
see Presentation, preternatural — a. Laborieu.r,
Laborious labor. Dystocia — a. Provoquc, see
Parturition.
Accmichetir, Adju'tor Par'tQa, Obatet'ricani,
Obstetric" iua, Maien'ter, Maieu'tes, One who pnu'-
tises the art of midwifery. Aphysician Accouch-
eur, a burgeon Accoucheur, a Man-midwife, Ob-
atetriat, Ac.
Accoucheuse, Midwife.
Accouplement, {ac, and coupler, 'to couple.')
Coition.
Accmituniance, {ac, and coutume, 'custom.')
Habit.
ACCRETION
ACETABULUM
Accre'tion, Accre'tio, {ac, and crescere, 'to in-
erease;') Augmentation; (F.) Aceroissement ; in-
crease by juxtaposition.
Accroissement, {ac, and croiasance, 'growth.')
Accretion, Increase.
Accu'bitUS, gen. Accu'hitds, (from acctibo, — ac,
and cubo, ' I lie ' — ' I lie by the side of.') Of old,
the lying of a person with another, as where a
young person was placed in bed with an old one,
or a healthy person with one that was sick.
Accusa'tio, {ac, and causa, ' cause.') Indication.
Ace'dia, {aKtjSeia, and aKijSia, — a, and KtjSoi,
'care.') Incu'ria. Want of care, neglect, fa-
tigue.
Acel'la, Axilla.
AceOgno'sia, {aKeofiai, 'I cure,' and ymaig,
'knowledge.') Pharmacognosia.
Aceolog"ia, {aKtOfiai, and Xoyog, 'a discourse.')
Materia Medica.
A.cephale, Acephalus.
AceplialllSe'mia, (F.) AcephalhSmie, {acephalo,
and aina, 'blood.') Want of blood in the ence-
phalon.
Acephal'ia, see Acephalus.
Aceplialie, see Acephalus.
Aceph'alo, (from a, privative, and KC(pukri,
'head,') in composition, devoid of head.
Acephalobra'chus, {acephalo, and fipaxiov,
'arm.') A foetus without head or arms.
Acephalocar'dia, {acephalo, and Kapdia, ' heart.')
Monstrosity in which there is absence of head
and heart.
Acephalochi'rus, {acephalo, and xup, 'hand.')
A foetus without head or hands.
Aceph'alocyst, Acephalocyst'is, (F.) Actphdo-
ey8te, {acephalo, and Kvariq, ' bladder.*) An hy-
datiform vesicle, without head or visible organs,
ranked among the Entozoa, although possessed
of few animated characteristics. In no organ of
the body are acephalocysts so frequently found as
in the liver. Generally it is the 'multiple aceph-
alocyst,' Acephalocyst' 18 socia'lis sea proUf era,
which is met with. At times, however, it is the
'solitary acephalocyst,* A. eremi'tn sou nter'Uis.
The acephaloci/stis endog"ena, Pillbox hydatid,
has a firm coat, and is composed of different Liv-
ers, which have numbers of smaller hydatids with-
in them, and are thrown off from the interior of
the parent cyst. In the A. €xog"ena of ruminant
animals, the young vesicles are developed from
the exterior of the parent vesicles. — See Hydatid.
Acephalocyst'is, Acephalocyst— a. Endogena,
a. Bremita, and a. Exogena, see Acephalocyst, and
Parasites — a. Multifida, see Parasites — a. Proli-
fera, a. Socialis, and a. Sterilis, see Acephalocyst.
Acephalogas'ter, gen. Acephalogas' tn'8,Athorn ■
coccph'alu8, {acephalo, and youTTtip, 'the belly.') A
monster devoid of head, chest, and abdomen ; or
having an abdomen, but no chest or head.
Acephalopo'dia, see Acephalopodus.
Acephalop'odus, {acephalo, and ttov?, gen. rrot^f,
'foot.') A monster devoid of head and feet. The
condition is called Acephalopo' dia.
Acephalora'chia, {acephalo, and ^a\tf, ' spine.')
Monstrosity in which there is absence of head
and spine.
Acephalos'toma, gen. Acephalostom' atia, (from
acephalo, and crn>//a, ' mouth.') An acephalous
foetus, at the upper part of which there is an
opening resembling a mouth.
Acephalothora'cia, {acephalo, and ^tapa^, gen.
^(upcocof, ' thorax.') Monstrosity in which there is
absence of head and chest.
Aoephalotlio'rus,(«cepj^ffl;o, and^upa^, 'chest,')
Apectoceph' alas. A monster devoid of head or
ehest.
Aoeph'alus, {oKe^aXo^, from a, and Kt(f>a\ti, ' head.')
Acephalous. (F.) Acephale. A monster born de-
void of head. The condition is called Acepha'lia,
(F.) Acephdie.
A'cev, gen. A' certs. Acrid.
A'cER Palmifo'lium, {acer, 'the maple,') A.
Saccharinum.
A'cER Pennsylva'nicttm, Stri'ped 3Ia'ple,
Stri'ped Dog'ioood. A decoction of the bark has
been used internally and externally in cutaneous
affections ; and of the leaves and twigs to relieve
nausea and vomiting.
A'CEU Ru'brum, Red Ma' pie ; Indigenous. The
inner bark is a mild astringent. The Indians use
a decoction of it for sore eyes.
A'CER Sacchari'num, a. palmifo'lium, Ma'ple,
Sugar 31 aple. {¥.) Arable ; Ord., Aoemaese. This
tree contains a large amount of sweet sap, whence
a considerable quantity of sugar may be extract-
ed, which, when purified, can scarcely be distin-
guished from that obtained from the cane. — See
Saccharum.
Aoera'tes Longifo'lia, Long - leaved green
Milk-iceed ; Order, Asclepiadaceae ; indigenous,
flowering in June and July; has the properties
of the order. — See Asclepias.
Acerato'sis, (a, privative, and Kcpoi, gen. Kcparos,
'horn.') Defective development of the corneous
tissue.
Acerh', Acer 'bus, St ryph' 7108, (from acer, 'sharp.')
A savor, or taste, compounded of the acid, bitter,
and astringent; such as is met with in unripo
fruits, &c.
Acer'cus, (a, privative, and wpwf, ' a tail.') A
monster devoid of tail.
Ace'rides, Acero'des, {a, priv., and Kr,pog, ' wax.')
Plasters devoid of wax.
Acero'des, Acerides.
Acero'SUS, Achyro'dea, (axvpov, 'chaff.') Pity-
\ ri'nus, Fur/ura'ceous. An epithet used by Hip-
I pocrates for the coarsest bread, made of flour not
separated from the chaff.
Acerv'uli Glan'dulae Pinea'lis. See Pineal
Gland.
Acerv'ulus Cer'ebri, (dim. of acervus, 'aheap.')
See Pineal Gland.
Aces'cency, Acescen'tia, {aceacere, 'to grow
sour,' — oKtf, ' a point,' acer, ' sharp.') A disposi-
tion to acidity. The humorists believed that the
animal humors are susceptible of this change.
Ace'sia, (ax-scrtf,) Cure.
Acesi'nosus, {oKemwaog,) Curative.
A'cesis, {aKcmi,} Curatio, Cure, Medicament.
Acesm'a, gen. Aces' watis, {aKzajxa,) Medicament,
Acesm'ius, {aKtapio^,) Curable.
Acesm'us, {oKCJuoi,) Cure.
Aces'odynes, {mtaii, 'cure,' and o^vvri, 'pain,')
Anodyne.
Acesod'ynus, Anodyne.
AceBopli'orus,(a»c£CT/f, ' cure,' and 0£/)w, ' I carry,')
Curative.
Acest'er, gen. Aceste'ris, {oKeaTrjp,) Physician.
Acest'is, Medicament.
Acest'er, Physician.
Acesto'ria, {aKt(rropta,) Medicina.
Acest'oris, geii.Acestor'idis, {uKctTTopis,) Midwife.
Acest'os, {aKcarog,} Curable.
Acest'ra, {aKearpa,) Needle.
Acest'ria, {aKtarpia,) Midwife.
Acest'ris, gen. Aces'tridia, {cuctirrpii;,) Midwife.
Acest'rum, {aKearpov,) Medicament.
Ace'ta Medica'ta, Acetica.
Acetab'ula Uteri'na, (pi. of aeetahulum,) Co-
tyledons.
Acetabule, Acetabulum.
Acetab'ulum, (F.) Acetabide (from ncetiim, be-
cause it resembles the old vinegar vessel oxy-
baph'ion.) A measure capable of containing the
eighth part of a modern pint, — Athena3us. Galen
See Cotyloid. According to Castelli, the lobes or
cotyledons of the placentis of ruminating animals
have been so called, acetabida.
Acetab'ulum, Cotyle, see Cotyloid — a. Humeri,
see Glenoid — a. Marinum, Umbilicus marinui.
10
ACETAEIA
ACETUM
Aceta'ria, (from acetum.) A salad or pickle.
Ace'tas, Acetate.
Ac"etate, -Ace'fas. {"F.) Acetate. A salt formed
by the union of acetic acid with an alkaline,
earthy, or metallic base. The acetates chiefly
used in medicine are the acetates of ammonia,
lead, potash, and zinc. See Ammoniae Acetas,
Plumbi Acetas, kc.
Acetic Acid, Aceticum Acidum — a. Ether, see
^ther Sulphuricus, and Anaesthetic.
Ace'tica, Ace'ta Medica'ta, (F.) Vinaigres
Midicinaux. Pharmaceutical preparations of
vinegar.
Ace'ticum Ac"id'0.1Il, Acidum Ace'ticum glacinle
(Ph. B., 1867) seu for'tius seu for'tl seu pu'rum,
Ace'tum radica'le, Ox'us, Glacial Ace'tic Acid,
Strong Ace' tons Acid, Acidum Acelo'aum for'te,
Rad'ical Vin'egar. Spir'itua Ven'en's, and Spirit
of Verdigris, when made from verdigris, (F.)
Vinaigre Radical. Concentrated acetic acid,
prepared by decomposing an acetate and receiv-
ing the acetic acid by distillation, has a very
pungent and grateful odor, and an acid and
acrid taste. Its s. g. is 1-065, and it is very vola-
tile. It is rubefacient and escharotic, and is used
to destroy warts, <fec.
Acidum Ackiicvsi, Acetic Acid, — sp. gr. 1*047
(Ph. U. S., 1873), and 1-044 (Ph. B.,1867),— results
from the purification of the crude acetic acid,/)?//-©-
iigneous acid, obtaine'd by the destructive distilla-
tion of wood. It is a colorless volatile liquid of
a pungent smell and sharp taste. Its vapor is
stimulating in syncope, headache, <fec., and when
the acid is diluted sufficiently, it is refrigerant
and diaphoretic. It has been employed also as a
local remedy in cancer.
An Aromat'ic Spir'it of Vin'egar, Ac"idum
Ace'ticum Camphora' turn, A. aceio'aum camphora'-
tum, is formed of this strong acid, f^x., Camphor,
^j., Alcohol, f^j.
A strong Acetic Acid was formerly ordered by
the London pharmacopoeia, prepared from wood.
It was called Vinegar of wood, Imjyroved distilled
Vinegar, PyroUg'neous Acid, Acetum Ligno'rum,
and its strength was such, that 87 gr. of crys-
tallized subcarbonate of soda should saturate 100
grains of the acid.
Ac"idum Ace'ticum Diln'tum, A. A. ten'ue seu
dehil'ius, Acetum destilla'tum, Acidum aceticum,
Acidum Aceto' sum deatilla' turn. Distil' led vin'egar,
(F.) Acide Acetique faible, Vinaigre distilU, is
prepared by distilling vinegar, until seven-eighths
have passed over. An Acidum aceticum dilutum,
Diluted acetic acid, is made by mixing a pint of
the strong acetic acid with seven pints of distilled
water. — Ph. U. S., 1873. Its properties are like
those of vinegar.
Ace'ticum Martia'le, Ferri Acetas.
Acetolat, (from acetum.) A liquid medicine
resulting from the distillation of vinegar on
one or more aromatic vegetable substances, and
which are formed of vinegar and essential oils,
or other volatile principles.
Acetolature. A tincture formed by digesting
a vegetable substance or substances in vinegar.
Ac^tolS, Ox4oU. A medicine, formed of distilled
vinegar and medicinal principles dissolved in it.
AeHoturl, Oxymel.
AcetoneB'mia. See Acetone.
Ao"etone, Ac"eton, (from acetate,) Spir'itua
pf/roiicc'ticua, S. lignoaua, ^ther Lignoaua,
Pi^n/dcc'ttc apirit, Pyro'dce'tic E'ther, Meait'ic
Al'cohol, Bihy'drate of Mcait'ylene, (F.) Acetone ;
erroneously called Naph'tha and Wood Naphtha.
By some, the terms are applied to Pyroxyl'io
Spirit. A limpid, colorless liquid, having a pe-
culiarly penetrating and slightly empyreumatio
odor. Its density in the liquid state is almost
the same as that of alcohol. 07921. Its taste is
disagreeable, and analogous to that of pepper-
mint. It is miscible in all proportions with wa-
ter, alcohol, and ether. It may be prepared by
distilling a mixture of two parts of crystallized
acetate of lead and one part of quicklime in a
salt-glaze jar (gray-beard), the lower part of the
jar being coated with fire-clay; and a bent glass
tube, half an inch in diameter, adapted to the
mouth by a cork, so as to form a distillatory ap-
paratus. The jar is supported on the mouth of
a small furnace, by which the lower part only ig
heated to redness, and the vapors are conducted
into a Liebig's condenser. The product is re-
peatedly redistilled from quicklime, until its boil-
ing point is constant at 132°. The term Aceto-
nsetnia has been applied to a morbid condition
arising from the spontaneous development of ace-
tone in the system.
It was brought forward as a remedy in phthisis,
but evidently with unfounded pretensions. It is
an excitant, and may be serviceable in chronic
bronchitis. The dose is ten to forty drops three
times a day, diluted with water.
Aoeto'sa Alpi'na, Rumex alpinus — a. Nos-
tras, Rumex acetosus — a. Pratensis, Rumex ace-
tosus — a. Romana, Rumex scutatus — a. Rotundi-
folia, Rumex scutatus — a. Scutata, Rumex scu-
tatus — a. Vulgaris, Rumex acetosus.
Acetosel'la, Oxalis acetosella.
Ace'tum, Oxtis, Acetum Vi'7ii seu Britan'ni-
cum seu Gal'licum seu Cru'dum seu Commu'ne,
Acidum aceto'sum, A'legar, Acetum Cerevia'ise,
Com'mon Vin'egar, Eisel, (F.) Vinaigre ; (from
a*fiff, 'point,' acer, * sharp.') A liquor obtained
by the acetous fermentation. Vinegar has a pun-
gent odor, and a pleasant acid taste. One fluid
ounce of the Acetum of the United States Phar-
macopoeia is saturated by about 35 grains of crys-
tallized bicarbonate of soda. It is refrigerant in
fevers; antiseptic, and antinarcotic. Dose, f3j. to
f^ij. Externally, it is stimulant and discutient.
Vinegar Whey is made by stirring a small wine-
glassful of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert-
spoonful of sugar, in a pint of nnlh ; boiling for
fifteen minutes, and straining. Like tamarind
whey it is an agreeable drink in febrile affections.
Ace'tum Aromat'icum, A. Theriaca' le seu quat'-
uor fu'rum, Ac"idum Ace'ticum Aroniat'iczim,
Thieves' Vin'egar, Vinegar of the four Thieves,
Maraeillea Vinegar, (F.) Vinaigre Aromatique, V.
Antiaeptique, V. dea quatre voleurs, {Roriamarin.
cacum. sice, Fol. Salvise, sing, ^j., Lavand. flor.
aiec. ^\y., Caryoph. cont. S'^^v Acid. Acet. Oij.
Macerate 7 days, and filter. — Ph. E.) Odor,
pungent and aromatic. Used as a perfume.
Ace'tum Britan'nicum, Acetum.
Ace'tum Canthar'idis, Vin' egar of Cantharidee,
{Cantharid. pulv. ^ij.. Acid. Acetic. Glacial, f^ij.,
Acid. Acetic, f^xviij. vel. q. s. Prepared by per-
colation. Ph. Br., 1867.) It is used as a prompt
vesicant.
Ace'tum CebevisijE, Acetum.
Ace'tum Col'chici, Vin'egar of meadow saffron.
(Colchic. rad. pulv. ^ij., Acid, acetic, dilut. vel
Acet. destillat. Oij., Ph. U. S., 1863. It may also
be made by displacement.) It has been dismissed
from the Pharmacopaia (1873). It is used as a
diuretic, and also in gout. Dose, f^ss. to f^iss.
Ace'tum Commu'nE, Acetum — a. Crudum, Ace-
tum — a. Destillatum, see Aceticum acidum — a.
Gallicum, Acetum — a. Lignorum, see Aceticum
acidum.
Ace'tum TtOUvJiAM, Vin'egar ofLohelia. {Label.
in moderately coarse powder, ^iv.,^lcic^. acetic, di-
lut. Oij. Made by percolation or maceration. —
Ph. U. S., 1873.) Dose 30 to 60 drops and more.
Ace'tum Muls'um Diri/cft, Oxyglucus — a. Opii,
Guttoe Nigroe — a. Plumbicum seu Saturninum,
Liquor plumbi subacetatis — a. Quatuor furum,
Acetum aromatioum — a. Radicale, Aceticum aci-
dum — a. Rosatum, Oxyrrhodinon.
ACETUM
ACHROMA
11
Ace'tum Sawguina'ri^, Vin' ecjar of Bloodroot.
{Sangiiinar. in moderately coar:se powder, ^^"
Made by percolation or mace-
1873.) L>ose 30 to 60 drops
Acid, ncet, dil. Oij
ration. — Ph. U. S,
and more.
Ace'tum Scil'l^, Ac"idum Ace'ticum Scillit'-
ieum, Vin'eyar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre Scilli-
tique, {Scillse contus. ^iv., Acet. destillat. Oij.,
Ph. U. S., 1873. It may be made by maceration
or percolation.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic.
Dose, f^ss. to fjij. as a diuretic and expecto-
rant.
Ace'tum Thehiaca'le, Acetum aromaticum.
Ace'tum Vini, Acetum.
Aceyte de Sal. A remedy for bronchocele used
in S. America. Roulin found it to contain a por-
tion of iodine.
Achaca'na. A species of cactus in Peru. Its
root is fleshy and conical. It is a good edible,
and is sold in the markets of the country.
Achahjhiiemic, (a, chalyhs, 'steel,' and iiixa,
*■ blood.') See Chlorosis.
Achana'ca. A plant of the kingdom of Mely in
Africa; used by the natives as an anti-syphilitic.
Achaovan, a species of Egyptian chamomile.
. — Prosper Alpinus.
Achaovan-Abiat. The Egyptian name of Cine-
ra'ria marit'iinn, used in female diseases.
A'ehar, Atchar.
Ache, (avof, Sax. ace,) Pain.
Ache. Apium graveolens — a. dea Montagues,
Ligusticum levisticum.
Ach.e'bone, Innominatum os.
Acheil'ia, Achi'lia (a, and x^iXoj, ' lip.') A mal-
formation, consisting in a deficiency of a lip or lips.
Acheil'us, Achi'ius, (a;^£tAo5.) One who is
without lips.
A'cheir, gen. Acheir'is, A chir, De'manus, {ocxiip,
from a, and jf^up, ' hand.') One devoid of hands.
Acheir'ia, Achi'ria, {axtipia.) The state of be-
ing devoid of hands.
Achero'is, gen. Achero'idia, (axepuits, brought
from Acheron,) Populus.
A'chia, A'chiar. A name given in India to
the pickled shoots of the bamboo.
A'cHiA, Atchar.
A'chiar, Achia.
Achic'clum, AcMt'olna, Hidrote'Hon, Snda'-
rium, For'nix, Tho'lus, Suddto'riuin, Su'datory,
Sweat' inghouae, Sweat' ingbnth. The sweating-
room in the ancient bagnios. Sweating-baths
have been called Hum' mums, — a word said to be
of Oriental origin. In the seventeenth century,
they were known in England by the name of hot-
houaeSf and were much frequented, especially by
the ladies.
Achi'lia, Acheilia.
Achillae'a. See Achillea Millefolium.
Achille, Tendon d% Achillis tendo.
Achille'a Age'ratum, (after Achilles,) A. via-
co'sn, Balaami'ta fcemin'ea, Eupato'rium ilea'ues,
Age'ratum, Coa'tua horto'rum nii'nor, Maud'lin,
Mnud'lin Tan'aey ; (P.) Achillee Viaqueuae ; Ord.
Compositae; Sex, Syat. Syngenesia Polygamia
Superflua, — has the same bitter and aromatic
properties as tansey, and is used in like affections.
Achille'a Atra'ta, Her'ba Gen'ipi ve'ri, (F.)
Achillee Noire, has similar virtues.
Achille'a Millefo'lium, Achillea 3fyriophyl'-
lon, Chryaoc'oma, Millefo'lium, Chiliophyl'lon,
Lum'bua Ven'eria, Com'mon Yar'roio or Mil'foil,
(F.) Millefeuille, Herhe aux chorpentiera. The
herb and flowers, Achillea (Ph. U. S.), have an
aromatic smell, and a rough, bitterish, somewhat
pungent taste. They have been used in dyspep-
sia, flatulence, hemorrhage, Ac. An extract of
the plant, made with proof spirit, has been called
AchillaV num ; and is used by the Italians in in-
termittent fever. An acid, Achilleic acid, (F.)
Acide Achilleiqae, has also been obtained from it.
Achille'a Moscha'ta, an Alpine plant, has
been esteemed diaphoretic and vulnerary (?) A
volatile oil, called Esprit d' Ivn, is obtained from
it in Switzerland, which is much prized for its
musky odor. It is said, by Merat and De Lens,
to be the Gen'ipi of the Savoyards, which is usu-
ally referred to Artemisia rupestris.
Achille'a Myriophyl'lon, Achillea millefo-
lium.
Achille'a Ptar'mica, Ptar'mica, P. Vidga'ria,
Paeudo'py'retlirum, Pyrethrum aylves'tre, hra'co
aylvea'tria, Stemutamento' ria, Dractm'culua Prn-
ten'sia, Sneezewort, Baa'tard PeVlitory, (F.) Eerie
ci Hernuer. The roots and flowers have a hot,
biting taste, approaching that of pyrethrum.
Their principal use is as a masticatory and siala-
gogue.
Achille'a Visco'sa, A. Ageratum.
AcJiillee Noire, AchiWaa, atrata — a. Viaqueuae,
Achillea ageratum.
Achillein'um, see Achillea Millefolium.
Achille'is, gen. Achille' idia, {aXiXXriig.) A
beautiful species of barley, mentioned by Theo-
phrastus and Galen, called after Achilles, a la-
borer. The decoction was used in fevers and
jaundice.
Achil'les Tend'on, Achillis tendo.
Achille'um, Telephium.
Achil'lis Ten'do, T, Achil'les, Fu'nia Hippoc'-
ratia, Cor'da seu Chor'da Hijypoc'ratia, Gor'drt
mag'na, Ner'vua la'tua, Ten'don of Achil'lea,
Achill'es ten'don, Heelatring, (F.) Tendon d'
Achille. The strong tendon of the gastrocnemii
muscles above the heel : so called, because it was
the only vulnerable part of Achilles, or because
of its strength. See Gastrocnemii.
Achi'ius, Acheilus.
Achimbassi. An archiater or chief of physi-
cians. A name given, at Grand Cairo, to a magis-
trate who licenses physicians.
A'chir, Acheir.
Achi'ria, Acheiria.
Achit'olus, Achicolum.
Ach'lys, (a,\Atj, 'a cloud.') Caligo.
Achmel'la, Spilanthus acmella.
Ach'ne, [axvr].) Lint, see Linteum. Also, small
mucous flocculi seen in front of the cornea.
Achol'ia, {axoha, from a, and xoM, ' bile.') De-
ficiency or want of bile. Also, Asiatic cholera.
Acht'olus, (aXoXos,) Achol'ic, wanting bile. One
deficient in bile.
A'chor, gen. Acho'ria, Porrigo larvalis.
Acho'res. A term often employed by the an-
cients to designate both cruata Inc'tea and small
superficial ulcerations on the skin of the face and
head. See Porrigo larvalis.
Acho'res Cap'itis, Porrigo scutulata.
Acho'rion Lebert'ii, see Porrigo decalvans and
Parasites — a. Schonleinii, see Porrigo favosa and
Parasites.
Achoris'tus, (a, and x<^pt^o, ' I separate.') Any
sign which necessarily accompanies a state of
health or disease.
A'chourou. The Caraib name for a species of
myrtle used in dropsy.
A'chras Austra'lis, (a\pas, 'the wild pear,')
Sapota — a. Sapota, Sapota — a. Zapota, Sapota.
A'chroi, {aXjpoi,) Achromatia'ti, Achro'mati,
Achro'mi, (a, and \pw/za, 'color.') Pale indi-
viduals. It is nearly synonymous with Xei^aijioi^
Iciphfe'mi, persons without color; bloodless.
Achro'ma, gen. Achromatia, (same etymon.)
Chloas'ma al'binn, Lencoixithi'a partla'lia acquis''
ifa, Poecil'ia, Epichro'aia pmciUia, Ephe'lia al'ba.
Partial privation of colour of the skin. Leuco~
der'ma, Dermatoleucaamua, Leucaa'mua cu'tia, or of
portions of the skin, Leucaa'mua figura'tua. Cutis
variegata, Piebald akin. See Albino.
Achro'ma vitili'go of AUbcrt, vitili'go, as in th«
pied negro.
12
ACHROMASIA
Achroma'sia, Decoloration.
A.oh.ro'niati, (aj^pto/jaroi,) Achroi.
Achromat'ic, Achromat'icua. A lens, con-
Btructed to correct the aberration of refrangibil-
ity of common lenses, is so termed. The Crystal-
line is an achromatic lens.
Achromatist'i, {a^piaixansnt,) Achroi.
A.clXTOm.2i,tO'p'sia,,Achromato2)'si8,AcJiromatop'8i/,
Chromatopaeudop'sia, Dyachromatop'sia, Para- 1
chro'ma, Paetidochro'mia, Parora'aia, Vi'aua de'-
color, Chromopaeudopaia, Dichromic Viaioii, Di-
chrotnism, Acritochromacy, Color blindneaa, Idi-
opt'cy, Dal'toniani, (F.) An(rythropaie, Achroma-
topsie, (a, xpcd/ia, 'color,' and o-nronai, *I see.')
Faulty perception or incapability of distin-
guishing colors ; a defect situate in the cerebral
part of the visual organ. Persons so circum-
stanced have been termed, by Mr. Whewell, Id'~
iopts. See Acyanoblepsia and Anerythropsia.
Achromatopsy, Achromatopsia.
Achro'nii, (axf'w/xoi,) Achroi.
Achromodertnie, [a, p^pwfia, ' color,* and dtpfia,
* skiu.') See Albino.
AchromotricJiomie, (a, xpu/ia. * color,' and
^pi^, gen. rpixoif '& hair.') See Albino.
Achrystallodiaphanie, {a, cryatalline, 6ia,
' through,' and <paivo), ' I shine.') See Cataract.
Achylo'sis, (a, ;\;uAoj, 'juice, chyle,' and oaia.)
Defective chylosis or formation of chyle.
Achymo'sis, (a, X^h°h 'juice, chyle,' and oaia.)
Defective chymification.
Achyran'thes Re'pens, {axvpov, 'chaflF,' and
ttv^r}) '^ flower.') Illec"ebrum polygonoVdea, Forty
Knot; indigenous. Order, Amaranthaceae. A
decoction of the plant is drunk as a diuretic in
dropsy, ischuria, &c.
Achyro'des, (awpuySvs,) Acerosus.
A'chyron, {axvpov,) Furfur.
A'cia, (from QKii, ' a point.') A word used by
Celsus, which has puzzled commentators, — some
believing it to have meant a needle; others the
thread ; and others, again, ibe kind of suture.
*'Aeia mollis, nan nimis torta." (Chifflet thinks
it meant the thread. — Antwerp, 1638.)
Ao"id, Ac"idns, Oxya, (F.) Acide, Aigre,
(from «»ct5, gen. a/ct^oj, ' a point.') Sharp; sour;
especially as applied to odorous or sapid sub-
stances. The French also use the term aigre, when
referring to the voice, in the sense of sharp and
shrill : — as, une voix aigre,vox aa'pera. See Acids.
Acid, Ace'tic, Aceticum acidum — a. Acetic, of
commerce, Pyroligneous acid — a. Acetic, dilute,
see Aceticum acidum — a. Acetous, strong, Ace-
ticum acidum — a. Aerial, Carbonic acid — a.
Allantoic, Allantoic acid — a. Amnic or Amniotic,
Allantoic acid — a. Antimonious, Antimonium
diaphoreticum — a. Arsenious, Arsenicum album
— a. Auric, see Gold — a. Azotic, Nitric acid — a.
Benzoic, Benjamin, flowers of — a. Benzuric, Acid,
hippuric — a. Bezoardic, Uric acid — a. Boric,
Boracic acid — a. Calcareous, Carbonic acid — a.
Calculous, Uric acid.
Acid, Camphoh'ic, Acidum Camphor' icnm, (F.)
Aride Gamphoriqne. By the protracted action of
hot nitric acid on camphor, the latter is converted
into camphoric acid. The camphoratea — of qui-
nia, morphia, and atropia — may, according to
Bouchardat, be given in the same cases as the va-
lerianates of the same bases.
Acid, Carbazot'ic, Ac"idum Carbazot'icum seu
Pterin' icHtti sou Pi'cricnm, Nitropicric, Cnrboni'-
tric, Pi'cric, or Trinitrophcntc acid, Wel'ter'a
Hitter, {F.) Acide Gnrbazotiqne, A. Picrique, Amer
de Wcltur. This acid is frequently foruu'd by the
action of concentrated nitric acid on animal and
vegetable subatancen, and especially on oil of tar.
It, as well as the carbnzotatos or picrates, is tonic
ftnd astringent, and suid to bo antipcriodic.
Acid, Cauiiol'ic, Carbolic acid — a. Carbolic,
impure, see Cikrbolio aoid.
ACID
AcTD, Carbona'ceous, Carbonic acid — a. Caev
bonic, Carbonic acid — a. Carbonitric, Acid, Car-
hazotic — a. Carbonous, Oxalic acid — a. Caseic,
Lactic acid — a. Cathartic,Cathartic acid — a.Cer-
ebric, Cerebric acid — a. Chinovic, Acid, Kinovic —
a. Chloracetic, Chloracetic acid — a. Chlorohydric,
Muriatic acid — a. Cholic, Cholic acid — a. Chro-
mic, Chromic acid — a. Citric, Citric acid — a.
Cresylic, see Carbolic Acid — a. Crotonic, see
Croton tiglium — a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic
acid — a. Cyanohydric, Hydrocyanic acid — a.
Delphic, see Acidum Valerlanicum — a. Delphinic,
Acidum Valerianicum — a. Galactic, Lactic acid.
Acid, Gal'lic, Ac"idum Gall'icum, (F.) Acide
GaUiqne. This acid, prepared from galls, is found
in most of the astringent plants that contain
tannic acid of the kind obtained from galls. It
is in delicate, silky needles, usually somewhat yel-
lowish, inodorous, and of a harsh, somewhat astrin-
gent taste. It dissolves in one hundred parts of
cold and three parts of boiling water. It is very
soluble in alcohol, and but slightly so in ether.
It has been highly extolled in internal hemor-
rhage, especially from the urinary organs and
uterus. Dose, from ten to twenty grains.
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1873)
directs it to be made by exposing a thin paste of
powdered galls and distilled water for a month,
adding the water from time to time to preserve
the consistence; expressing the paste; boiling
the residue in distilled water; filtering through
animal charcoal, and crystallizing.
Acid, Gas'tric, see Gastric juice — a. Gly-
coch'olic, Cholic acid.
Acid, Hippu'ric, Ac"idum Hippu'ricum, Uro-
benzo'ic, Wrino-benzo'ic, or Benzu'ric acid. An
acid found in the urine of graminivorous animals.
It is contained in human urine, especially after
benzoic acid has been taken. See Hippuria.
Ac\T>,'S.Y'DViiOD'ic, Ac"idum Hydriod'icum. This
acid may be made by mixing solutions of iodide
of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the
liquor to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and
adding water to make the resulting hydriodic
acid of definite strength.
A formula for the preparation of Acidum
ffi/driodicum Dilu'tum was introduced into the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1863), but it
is dismissed in the last edition (1873). It is a
good solvent for iodine.
It has been used in the same cases as the prepara-
tions of iodine in general, but is rarely employed.
Acid, Hydrochlor'ic, Muriatic acid — a. Hy-
drochloronitric, Nitromuriatic acid — a. Hj'dro-
cyanic. Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydrocyanic,
dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydrosulphu-
ric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Hydrothionic,
Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Igasuric, see Ja-
tropha curcas — a. Inosic, see Muscle.
Acid, Iod'ic, Ac"idum lod'icum, (F.) Acide
lodique. This is obtained by boiling iodine with
nitric acid; or by decomposing iodate of baryta
by dilute sulphtiric arid. It is a white, transpar-
ent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very soluble
in water. It has been given with sulphate of
quinia in hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis,
chronic inflammation, syphilis, «tc. Dose, three
to six grains or more.
Acid, Jatroph'ic, see Jatropha Curcas — a.
Kinovat'ic, Acid, Kinovic.
Acid, Kino'vic, Quino'vic or Ghino'vic or Kino-
vat'ic acid, Kino'va Bitters, Ac"idum Kino'vicum
seu Quino'vicnm, (F.) Acide Kino'viqtic on Quino'-
viqne, is found in Chinova bark, and, it is af-
firmed, in the bark of all the plants of the genus
Nauclea. It has been given in diarrhoea and
dysentery, and as a febrifuge.
Acid, Lac'tic, Lactic acid — a. of Lemons,
Citric acid — a. Lithenic, Uric acid — a. Lith-
iasic. Uric acid — a. Lithic, Uric acid — a.
ACID
Manganic, see Potassae permanganas — a. Ma-
rine, dephlogisticated, Chlorine — a. Marine,
dulcified, Spiritus aitheris muriatici — a. Mephi-
tic, Carbonic acid — a. of Milk, Lactic acid
— a. Muriatic, Muriatic acid — a. Muriatic,
dilute, see Muriatic acid — a. Nanceic, Lactic
acid — a. Nitric, Nitric acid — a. Nitric, dilute,
see Nitric acid — a. Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-
muriatic acid — a. Nitromuriatic, Nitromuriatio
acid — a. Nitropic'ric, Acid, Carbazotic — a. Ni-
trous, dephlogisticated. Nitric acid — a. Oxalic,
Oxalic acid — a. Oxyseptonic, Nitric acid — a.
Phenic, Carbolic acid — a. Phenylic, Carbolic
acid — a. Phenylsulphuric, Sulphocarbolic acid
— a. Picric, Acid, Carbazotic — a. Polygalic, see
Polygala senega.
Acid, Pneu'mic, Ac"idum Pneu'micum, {m'£VfiU)v,
'lung.') An immediate crystallizable principle,
found by Verdeil in the substance of the lung
of the mammalia, and which- gives it its acid re-
action. By decomposing the carbonate or bicar-
bonate of soda of the blood, it is said to furnish
a part of the carbonic acid expired. Used in a
pulverized state in phthisis.
Acid, Prussic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Pyrolig-
neous, Pyroligneous acid, see Aceticum acidum
— a. Pyrolignic, Pyroligneous acid — a. Quino-
vie, Acid, Kinovic — a. Rosacic, see Porphyruria
— a. of Sorrel, Oxalic acid — a. of Sugar, Oxalic
acid — a. Sulphhydric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted —
a. Sulphocarbolic, Sulphocarbolic acid — a. Sul-
phohydric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Sulpho-
phenic, Sulphocarbolic acid — a. Sulphuric, see
Sulphuric acid — a. Tannic, Tannin — a. Tau-
rocholic, Cholic acid — a. Thymic, Thymic acid
— a. Trinitrophenic, Acid, Carbazotic — a. Uric,
Uric acid — a. Urinobenzoic, Acid, Hippurio — a.
Urobenzoic, Acid, Hippuric — a. Urous, Uric
oxide — a. Urylic, Uric acid — a. Valerianic,
Acidum valerianicum — a. Valeric, Acidum vale-
rianicum.
Acide, Acid — a. Acetique, Aceticum acidum
— a. Acetique faihle, see Aceticum acidum —
a. Aerien, Carbonic acid — a. Allantoique, Al-
lantoic acid — a. Amniotique, Allantoic acid —
a. Amnique, Allantoic acid — a. Azotique, Nitric
acid — a. Borique ou Boracique, Boracic acid — a.
Camphortquey Acid, Camphoric — a.Carhazotique,
Acid, Carbazotic — a. Carbolique, Carbolic acid
• — a. Garbonique, Carbonic acid — a. Ghlorhy-
drique, Muriatic acid — a. Chromiqxie, Chromic acid
— a. Crayeux A'eriforme, Cstxhoma n.c\(i — a. Gyan-
hydrique, Hydrocyanic acid — a. GaUique, Acid,
gallic — a. Hydrocyanique, Hydrocyanic acid —
a. HydrosuJfurique, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a.
lodique, Acid, Iodic — a. Kinovique, Acid, Kino-
vic — a. Lactique, Lactic acid — a. Lithenique ou
Lkhiasique ou Lithique, Uric acid — a. Nitrique,
Nitric acid — a. Nitrique alcoolise, see Nitric acid
— a.Pheniqne, Carbolic Acid — a. Phenylsulfurique,
Sulphocarbolic acid — a. Phosphorique, Phos-
phoric acid — a. Picrique, Acid, Carbazotic — a.
Pneumique, Acid, Pneumic — a. Prussique, Hydro-
cyanic acid — a. Pyroaceiiqne, Pyroligneous acid
— a. Pyroligneux, Pyroligneous acid — a. Pyro-
lignique, 'Pyroligneous acid — a. Quinovique, Acid,
Kinovic — a. Sul/hydrique, Hydrogen, sulphu-
retted — a. Sulfureujc, Sulphurous acid — a. jSuI-
furique ou Sulphurique, Sulphuric acid — a.
Sulfurique delay e, Sulphuric acid, diluted — a.
Succiuique, Succinic acid — a. Snl/ocarboHque,
Sulphocarbolic acid — a. Tanuiquc, Tannin — a.
Tartrique, Tartaric acid — a. de I' Urine, Uric
acid — a. Urique, Uric acid — a. Valerianique,
Acidum valerianicum — a. Valerique, Acidum
valerianicum.
Acidita'tio, Acidities.
Acid'ities, Aco'rc^, Acidita'tio, Ac"idum mor-
bo'aum seu prima'rum via'rum, Ox'ytes, Sor'dei
acidse, (P.) Aiyreura. Sourness of the stomach,
ACIDUM
13
the result of indigestion, indicated by acid eruc-
tations, etc. This affection is very common in
children, and must be obviated by absorbents, as
magnesia, chalk, &c., and by regulated diet.
Acidolog"ia, {aKig, gen. aKiioq, '&. point, a sharp
instrument,' and \oYOi, 'a description.') A de-
scription of surgical instruments.
Acidom'eter, {¥.) Acidometre,Phe-ac{de, (acid,
and utrpov, * measure.') A hydrometer for deter-
mining the density of acids.
AcidomHre, Acidometer.
Ac"ids, Ac"ida, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or
gaseous bodies, generally possessed of a sour,
more or less caustic taste, and the principal char-
acter of which is the capability of saturating
bases.
Acids, in general, are refrigerant and antisep-
tic. Their particular uses are pointed out under
the individual articles.
Acid'ulate, (F.) Aiguiser, Aciduler. To render
acidulous, or slightly acid.
Acidule, Acidulous.
Acid'ulous, Acid'ukia, Suhac"idu8, Oxo' deity
Oxo'i'des, (F.) Acidule, Aigre, Aigrelet. Sub-
stances are so called which possess a sourish,
taste, as tamarinds, cream of tartar, &c.
Acid'ulous Fruits. Oranges, gooseberries, &c.
Acid'ulous Wa'ters, A'quse Acid'ulse. Mineral
waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient to
render them sourish. See Waters, mineral.
Acid'ulous Water, Sni'pijii,A'qtiaA"cidi Gar-
bon'ici (Ph. U. S.), Aqua a'eris jix'i seu ucid'-
ula sim'plex, Li'quor seu A'qtia So'dse efferves'cens,
A'qua Garbona' lis So'dse ucid'ula, So'da wa'ter,
JI in' eral watery (F.) Uuu acidule seu gaseuse sim-
ple, is water impregnated with carbonic acid. It
formerly contained carbonate of soda, but, as or-
dinarily drunk, it now has none. The French
Codex (1866) has an Eau de Sonde Garbonatee.
Aqua Natro-effervescens, being a solution of bi-
carbonate of soda in simple acidulous water.
Water, so impregnated, is cooling and slightly
stimulating. It is used beneficially in dyspepsia,
and in cases of vomiting, <fcc.,ijind is an excellent
refrigerant in fever, given ice-cold and in small
quantities oft repeated.
Ac"iduin, Acid — a. Aceticum, Aceticum acid-
um — a. Aceticum aromaticum, Acetum aromati*
cum — a. Aceticum camphoratum, see Aceticum
acidum — a. Aceticum dilutum, see Aceticum
acidum — a Aceticum e ligno venale, Pyroligneoua
acid — a.Aceticum empyreumaticum, Pyroligneous
acid — a. Aceticum forte, Aceticum acidum — a.
A. fortius, Aceticum acidum — a. Aceticum gla-
ciale, Aceticum acidum — a. A. purum, Aceticum
acidum — a. Aceticum Scilliticum, Acetum scillaj
— a. Acetosellae, Oxalic acid — a. Acetosum, Ace->
turn — a. Acetosum camphoratum, see Aceticum
acidum — a. A. debilius, see Aceticum acidum — •
a. A. destiliatum, see Aceticum acidum — a. A.
forte, Aceticum acidum — a. A. tenue, sea
Aceticum acidum'— a. Allantoicum, Allantoic
acid — a. Amnicum, Amniotic acid — a. Amnioti-
cum, Amniotic acid — a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious
acid — a. Arseniosum, Arsenicum album — a.
Azotieum, Nitric acid — a. Benzoicum, Benjamin,
flowers of — -a. Benzoylicum, Benzoin, flowers of
— a. Boracicum, Boracic acid — a. Borussicum,
Hydrocyanic acid — a. Camphoricum, Acid, Cam-
phoric — a. Carbazoticuni, Acid, Carbazotic — a.
Carbolicum, Carbolic acid — a. Carbolicum im-
purum. Carbolic acid, impure — a. Carbonicuu?,
Carbonic Acid —a. Chromicum, Chromic acid —
a. Citricum, Citric acid — a. Gallicuni, Acid, Gal-
lic — a. Hippuricum, Acid, Hippuric — a. Hydri-
odicum. Acid, Hydriodic — a. Hydriodicum dilu-
tum, see Acid, Hydriodic — a. Hydrocarhonictmi,
Oxalic acid — a. Hydrochloricum, Muriaticuut
acidum — a. Hydrocyanicum, Hydrocyanic acid
— a. Hydrocyanicum dilutum, see Hydrocyanic
14
ACIDUM
ACCELIUS
acid — a. Hydrosnlphuricutn, Hydrogen, sulphur-
etted — a. Hydrothionicum, Hydrogen, sulphuret-
ted — a. Hydrothionicum liquidum, see Hydro-
sulphuretted water — a. lodicum. Acid, Iodic —
a. Ja.trophicum, see Jatropha curcas — a. Kino-
Ticum, Acid, Kinovio — a. Lacticum, Lactic acid
— a. Ligneum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Ligni pyro-
oleosum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Lignonim empy-
reumaticum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Limonis,
Citric acid — a. Limonum, Citric acid — a. Lithi-
cura, Uric acid — a. Marinum concentratum, Mu-
riaticum acidum — a. Morbosum, Acidities — a.
Muriaticuin, Muriaticum acidum — a. Muriaticum
dilutum, Muriatic acid — a. Muriaticum nitroso-
oxygenatum, Nitromuriatic acid — a. Nitri, Ni-
tric acid — a. Nitri dulcificatum, Spiritus aetheris
nitrici — a. Nitricum, Nitric acid — a. Nitricum
dilutum. Nitric acid — a. Nitromuriaticum, Ni-
tromuriatic acid — a. Oxalicum, Oxalic acid — a.
Oxalinum, Oxalic acid — a. Phenicum, Carbolic
acid — a. Phenylicum, Carbolic acid — a. Phos-
phoricum, Phosphoric acid — a. Picricum, Acid,
Carbazotic — a. Picrinicum, Acid, Carbazotic — a.
Pneumicum, Acid, Pneumic — a. Primarum via-
rum. Acidities — a. Prussicum, Hydrocyanic acid
— a. Pyroaceticum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Py-
roligneum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Pyroxylicum,
Pyroligneous acid — a, Quercitannicum, Tannin —
a. Quinovicum, Acid, Kinovic — a. Sacchari, Ox-
alic acid — a. Saccharinum, Oxalic acid — a.
Salis, Muriaticum acidum — a. Salis culinaris,
Muriaticum acidum — a. Salis marini, Muriati-
cum acidum — a. Scytodephicum, Tannin — a.
Septicum, Nitric acid — a. Succinicum, Succinic
acid — a. Sulphuricum, Sulphuric acid — a. Sul-
phuricum alcoolisatum. Elixir acidum Halleri —
a. Sulphuricum aromaticum. Sulphuric acid, aro-
matic — a. Sulphuricum dilutum. Sulphuric acid,
diluted — a. Sulphuris volatile, Sulphurous acid
— a. Sulphurosicum, Sulphurous acid — a. Tan-
nicum, Tannin — a. Tartari essentiale. Tartaric
ftcid — a. Tartaricum, Tartaric acid — a. Tartaro-
sum. Tartaric acid — a. Uricum, Uric acid — a.
Urolithicum, Uric acid.
Ac"rouM Valerian'ictjm, Valerianate or Vale'-
ric Acid, (F.) Acide Vale' rianique ou VaWrique.
An acid found in valerian plants, angelica root,
the oil of Delphi'nns glo'bicepa [Delphic or Del-
phiii^ic Acid,) <fcc. It is produced, also, by the
oxidation of fusel oil and albuminous matters,
and by the putrefaction of all animal substances,
but in greater quantity in rotten cheese. In the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1873), it is
directed to be obtained by decomposing the vale-
rianate of soda by sulphtirto acid, and distilling.
S. g. 0*935. Dose, gtt. v.-xv., as a nervine.
Acidum Vitriolicum, Sulphuric acid — a. Vitri-
olicum aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum aroma-
ticum — a. Vitriolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sul-
phuricum acidum aromaticum — a. Vitriolicum vi-
nosura, Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Zooticum, Hy-
drocyanic acid — a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic acid.
Aoidur'gia, («*■(?, gen. axiSoi, '& point, a sharp
instrument,* and epyov, ' work.') Surgery (opera-
tive).
Aolt-r, Chalybe.
A'oies, gen. A'ciei, (* steel,') Chalybs — a. Digi-
torum manus, {acies, a * phalanx,') eco Phalanx —
a. Diurna, (aciea, 'keen eyesight,') Hemeralopia.
Aettw., Acinus.
Acine'sia, (aKivtjina,) Aciue'»t», Akine'nia, Im-
tnobil'ituu, Qui'en, Jie'qtiieii, Requie'tio, Ere'mia,
(a, and KtvTioii, * motion,' kwiu), * I move.') Rest.
Immobility. Also, the interval between the sys-
tole and diastole of the heart — Paraai/H'tole.
Under the term AcineMeit, Romberg includes the
paralytic neuroses, or those that are character-
iz<m\ by defect of motive power.
Acine'sis. Aoinesia.
Ac"ini (pi. of Acinus) of Malpighi, see Cor-
pora Malpighiana and Spleen — a. Lienis, see
Spleen — a. Renales, Corpora Malpighiana.
Aciniform'is (Tu'nica), Choroid, Uvea.
Acino'sa (Tunica), Uvea.
Ac"imiS, A. glandido'siis, (ac"inu8, ' a grape-
stone,') (F.) Acine. A glan' diform cor'puscle, in
which secretion was supposed to take place, and
the excretory radicle arises. Acini are the glob'-
uli arteria'rum ter'mini of Nichols. The term
ac"ini glandulo' si has also been given to glands
which, like the pancreas, are arranged, as it were,
in clusters. Glands thus formed have been called
glan'dulse acino'sse, (F.) Glandea acineuses. See
Lobule.
Acinus Glandulo'sus, Acinus.
Acipen'ser, gen. Acipen'seris, see Ichthyocolla.
Aciur'gia, {oKts, ' a point, a sharp instrument,'
and cpyov, ' work.') Surgery (operative).
Ackerns, (Prov.,) ('acorns,') see Quercus alba.
Acleitocard'ia, (aKXeiros,^ not closed/ and KapSia,
'heart.') Cyanopathy.
Acmas'ticus, (aKixn, 'the top,* and araoi, 'I
remain.') A fever which preserves an equal de-
gree of intensity throughout its course. It is also
called Homot'ontia. The Greeks gave it the names
Epacmaa' ticua and Syn'ochua, when it went on in-
creasing; and Par acmaa' ticua, when it decreased.
Ac'mS, (aKiATi,) Vi'gor, Cor'yphe, Culmina'iio,
Sta'tus, Faatig"ium. The period of a disease at
which the symptoms are most violent. Ar'che,
apxn, is 'the commencement;' anah'asia, ava0aaii,
'the period oj" increase;' and ac'me, axfiri, 'the
height,' (F.) ^<a^— Also, Acne.
Acmel'la, Spilanthusacmella — a. Mauritiana,
Spilanthus acmella.
Ac'mon, (aKpuv,) Incus.
Ac'na, Acne.
Ac'ne, Ac'na, Ac'me, lon'thua Va'rtia, Ac'ne
Va'rua, Paydra'cia Acne, Stonepock, Whelk, Bn'-
hucle, (F.) Acni, Dartre pustuleuae diaa^minSe. A
small pimple or tubercle on the face. — Gorrseus.
Foesius thinks the word ought to be Acme; and,
according to Cassius, it is, at all events, derived
from a<c//»/, 'vigor;' the disease aflFecting those in
the vigor of life especially.
Willan and Bateman adopted this term in
their Nosology of Cutaneous Diseases, and placed
it in the order Tubercula. Acne, with them, is
an eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles,
sometimes continuing for a considerable length,
of time, and sometimes suppurating slowly and
partially. They usually appear on the forehead,
temples, and chin, and are common to both sexes;
but the most severe forms are seen in young men.
They require but little management, and consist
of four varieties : Ac7ie indura'ta, A. armplex
(Haploacne), A. puncta'ta {Tonthua varua pnnc-
ta'tua, Punc'tse mtico'ase, Va'rua puncta'tna, Crino'-
nea, Comedo'nea or Maggot Pim'ple, Worma, Gruba,
(F.) 2'anne), and A. roaa'cea. — See Gutta
Rosea.
Ac'nb Indura'ta, see Acne — a. Mentagra, Sy-
cosis — a. Punctata, see Acne — a. Rosacea, Gutta
Rosea, see Acne — a. Simplex, see Acne — a. Stro-
phulosa. Strophulus albidus — a. of the Throat,
Pharyngitis, follicular.
Aenf, Acne — a. Molluaco'ide, MoUuscum.
Acne'mia, Akne'mia, (a, and Kvijiiri, 'the leg.')
Absence of legs.
Acnes'tis, (aKvrpris, from a, and Kvaeiv, ' to
scratch.') The part of the spine which extends,
in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the
loins. According to Pollux, the middle of the
loins. The vertebral column.
A'cod, (uKori,) Audition, Ear.
Aooe'lius, (a, and KoiXia, ' belly.*) Devoid of
belly. One who is so emaciated as to appear to
have no belly.
ACOEMETER
ACOUMETER
15
Acoem'eter, (mkoj?, ' hearing,' and /xerpoj/, 'meas-
xtre,') Acoiuueter.
Acoem'etrum, Acoumeter.
Acoen'osi, {aKotj, ' hearing,' and voaos, ' a dis-
ease/) Aconusi.
Acoe'sis, Audition.
Acogno'sia, (awj, ' aremedy,'and ypuyjii/ knowl-
edge/) Pharmacognosia.
Acola'sia, {a, and KoXa^w, ' I restrain/) Intem-
perance.
Acorogy, Akology, (aKo;, ' a remedy/ and Xoyos,
*a discourse/) Materia Medica. According to
some, restricted to surgical instruments and their
uses — operative surgery ; like aciurgia, (from
BKts, *a point, a sharp instrument.')
A'cone, {aKOvrj,) Mortar.
Aconel'la, (from Aconitum.) See Aconitum
napellus.
Aconel'line, see Aconitum napellus.
Aconi'ta, see Aconitum napellus.
Aconit d Grands l?7et«r«, Aconitum cammarum
— a. Sahttaire, Aconitum anthora.
Ac'onite, Aconitum — a. Plaster, Emplastrum
Aconiti.
Aconi'ti Fo'lia, or Fo'lium, see Aconitum —
a. Radix, see Aconitum.
Aconit"ia, see Aconitum napellus.
Acon'itin, see Aconitum napellus.
Acon'itine, see Aconitum napellus.
Aconifium, see Aconitum napellus.
Aconi'tum, (from Ac'one, a place in Bithynia,
irhere it is common.) Cynoc'tonon, Parihdian'-
ches, Pardalian'chum, Canici'da, Ac'onite, WoljV-
hane, Monka'hood. Ord. Ranunculaceae. Sex.
Syst. Polyandria Trigynia.
Aconitum, Aconite, in the Pharmacopoeia of
the United States, 1842, is the leaves of Aconitum
napellus, and A. panicnlatum. In the editions of
1851 and 1873, Aconiti folia, —oi 1863, A. fo'lium,
— is the officinal name for the leaves, and Aconiti
radix for that of the root of Aconitum napellus.
Aconi'tum An'thora, A. Snlutif emm seu Ne-
moro'sum seu Candol'lei seu Jacqui'ni seu Eu'lo-
phum seu Anthoroideum, An'thora vulga'ris, An'-
thora, Antith'ora, Sal'utary Monks'hood, Whole-
eome Wolfs'bane, Yel'low hel'metjlower, (F.) Aconit
aalutaire. The root of this variety, as of all the
rest, is poisonous. It is used as a cathartic and
anthelmintic. Dose ^ss. to ^j.
Aconi'tum Anthouoideum, A. anthora.
Aconi'tum Cam'marum, A. panicula' turn, A.
mncran'thum, A. Kusnezo'vii, (F.) Aconit d grands
feurs, resembles Aconitum napellus in prop-
erties.
Aconi'tum Candol'lei, A. anthora — a. Eulo-
phum, A. anthora.
Aconi'tum Fe'rox, a most violent ranuncula-
ceous poison, which grows in Ncpaul, and is the
Bish or Bilih poison of that country. Its effects
are like those of Aconitum napellus.
Aconi'tum Jacqui'ni, A. anthora — a. Kusnezo-
Tii, A. cammarum — a. Macranthum,A. cam-marum.
Aconi'tum Napkll'us, Aconi'tum Napel'lus
ve'rus, Com'mon Monks'hood or Wolfs'bane, A. Nc-
omonta'num, (F.) Chaperon de Moine, Coqueluchon,
Tue-loup. The leaves are narcotic, sudorific, and
* deobstruent.' (?) They have been used in chronic
rheumatism, scrofula, scirrhus, paralysis, amau-
rosis, <fec. The active principle is called Aconit" ia,
Aeoniti'na, Aconi'ta, Aconit"inm, Acon'itine, or
Acon'itin. It is made (Ph. U. S., 1873,) by ex-
hausting powdered aconite root with alcohol by
percolation, distilling off most of the alcohol, and
treating the residue with diluted sulphuric acid.
The solution of the sulphate thus formed is con-
centrated and washed with stronger ether, which
removes all oily and resinous matters not already
Separated ; the addition of stronger water of am-
monia separating the alkaloid, which is dissolved
out by repeated agitation with ether. The pro-
cess is completed by mixing the ethereal solutions,
and allowing them to evaporate spontaneously.
It requires 150 parts of cold and 50 of boiling
water to dissolve it, but is readily dissolved by
alcohol and ether. It neutralizes the acids, and
forms with them uncrystallizable salts. It has
been used internally, and especially applied ex-
ternally, in neuralgic cases, iatroleptically and
endermically.
Another alkaloid has been found in the root,
which so closely resembles narcotin as to lead to
the belief that they are identical. It has been
called Aconel'la and Aconell'ine.
The dose of aconite in powder is gr. i, to gr. ij.,
but it is generally given in extract or tincture.
Aconi'tum Nemoro'sum, A. anthora — a. Neo-
montanum, A. napellus — a. Paniculatum, A. cam-
marum — a. Racemosum, Actsea spicata — a. Sa-
lutiferum, A. anthora.
Aconi'tum Uncina'tum, Wild Monks'hood, in-
digenous, is said to have similar virtues with
Aconitum napellus.
Aconu'si, Acoen'osi, Acoon'oai, (ukoti, * audi-
tion,' and vovaos, * disease.') Mor'hi au'rium et
audi'tds. Diseases of the ear and audition.
Acoon'osi, Aconusi.
Ac'opis, (a, and kottos, 'weariness.') Pliny
gives this name to a precious stone, which waa
boiled in oil and used against weariness.
Ac'opon, Ac'opum. A remedy against weari-
ness, Anng'yris.
Ac'opum, Acopon.
Acop'ria, (a, and Konpos, ' excrement,') Consti-
pation.
Acopro'sis, Constipation.
A'cor Benzo'lnus, {acer, ' sharp, acid,') Benja-
min — a. Boracicus, Boracic acid — a. Succineus,
Succinic acid — a. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid —
a. Tartaricus, Tartaric acid.
Acore Bettard, Iris pseudacorus — o. Faux,
Iris pseudacorus — a. Odorant, Acorus calamus.
Aco'res, Acids and Acidities.
Acor'ia, {uKopia, from a, privative, and KoptWy
*I satiate.') An inordinate or canine appetite.
Acori'tes, {aKopirrji.) A wine made of Acorus.
Acorm'us, (from a, privative, and xopfioi,
'trunk.') A monster devoid of a trunk.
A'corn, Ju'piter's, Fagus castanea — a. Oily,
Guilandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus cas-
tanea.
A'corns. See Quercus alba.
Ac'orus Adulteri'nus, (aKopos,) Iris pseudaco-
rus — a. Brasiliensis, A. calamus.
Ac'orus Cal'amus, A. ve'rus seu Brazilien.'8{$,
Cal'amus Aromat'icvs seu Odora'tus seu Vulga'-
ris, Ty'pha Aromat'ica, Cla'va Rvgo'sa, Siceet'fag
or Ac'orus, Flag'root, Sweet cane, J/yr'tle Flag,
Sioeet grasSj Sweet root, Siceet rush, (F.) Jone
roseau ou Canne aromatique, Acore odorant.
Ore?. Aroideae J Acoraceae (Lindley) ; Sex. Syst.
Ilexandria Monogynia, The rhizoma — Cal'amua
(Ph. U. S.) — is stomachic and carminative, but
is rarely used. It is regarded as a good adjuvant
to bark and quinia in intermittents. The essen-
tial oil is used in like cases.
Ac'orus Palus'tris, Iris pseudacorus — a. V©-
rus, A. calamus — a. Vulgaris, Iris pseudacorus.
A'COS, {uKos,) Medicament.
Acos'mia, {uKvafna, from a, and Kwiiog, 'order,
ornament.') Disorder, irregularity in the critical
days, according to Galen, who uses the word
Koaiioi, for regularity in those days. Others, and
particularly Pollux, call bald persons aKoafioi, be-
cause they are deprived of one of their most
beautiful ornaments.
AcOU'meter, Aconom' etcr, Acoem'eter, Acoem''-
etrum, Acu' meter, Acitsim'eter, (F.) Acoum^trCf
(aKOvu), ' I hear,' and nerpov, ' measure.') An in-
strument designed by M. Itard for measuring tb»
degree of hearing.
16
ACOUMETKE
Acoumdtre, Acoumeter.
Acoudm'eter, Acoumeter.
AcOUOpllO'llia, Copho'nia, {aKovoi, ' I hear,'
and (Piavij, ' voice/) Auacul'tatory Percua'sioji. A
mode of auscultation, in which the observer
places his ear on the chest, and analyzes the
sound produced by percussion.
Acons'lUa, gen. Acoua'tnatia, (cumvaiJia, * any
thing heard,') an imaginary noise. Depraved
sense of hearing.
AcOUS'tic, {axovoTiKOi,) Acua'ticus, (F.) Acoua-
tique. That which belongs to the ear ; as Acoua-
tic nerve J Acouatic trumpet.
Acx)us'tic Med'icine is one used in diseased
audition.
Ajcoustico-Malleen, Laxator tympani.
AcOUS'ticS, Acua'tica, (F.) Acouatiqne. The
part of physics which treats of the theory of
sounds. It is also called Pho'nica.
Acoustique, Acoustic, Acoustics.
Ac'qiia Binel'li (I.), {acqua, 'water,') Aqua
Binellii — a Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchierii — a.
Monterossii, Aqua Binellii — a. di Napoli, Li-
quorar senicalis — a. della Toifana, Liquor arse-
nicalis — • a. TofiFauia, Liquor arsenicalis.
Acquet'ta (L), (dim. of acqua,) Liquor arse-
nicalis.
Acqui, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Thermal sul-
phureous springs in Piedmont. Their tempera-
ture is 167° Fahr., and they contain sulphohydric
acid and chloride of sodium.
Acqai'red Diseas'es, Mor'H acqula'itt, M. ad-
venti'tii, M. epicte'tl, Adventit" ioua diaeasea, (F.)
Maladiea acquiaea. Diseases which occur after
birth, and which are not dependent upon hered-
itary predisposition.
Acrai'pala, {a, and KpanraXti, 'drunkenness.')
Remedies against the effects of a debauch.
Aora'lea, (aKpo?, * at the extremity.') The ex-
treme parts of the body, as the head, hands, feet,
nose, ears, <fec. See Acrea.
Acra'nia, (a, and Kpaviov, * the cranium.') "Want
of cranium, wholly or in part.
Acra'sia, {aKpmia, from a, and Acpocr/f, 'mixture.')
Intemperance. Excess of any kind. Surfeit.
It has been employed to denote debility, syno-
nymously with Acratia ; but this may have been
a typographical inaccuracy.
Acrati'a, ( uKpareia, from a, and Kpa-roi,
'strength.') Impotence j weakness, fainting. See
Acrasia.
Acratis'ma, gen. Acratiam'atia, {aKpariana, from
a, and Kcpavvvfii, ' to mix.') A breakfast, consist-
ing of bread steeped in wine, not mixed with
water.
Acratom'eli, (acratum, and /leXi, 'honey.')
Wine mixed with honey.
Aora.tO'pe' gtB^Akratope'f/se, (a, tcparos, ' strength,*
and nrtyri, * a spring.') Mineral waters having no
marked chemical qualities.
Acratopos'ia, (uKparomata, from acratnm, and
voaii, ' drink.') The drinking of pure oc unmixed
wine.
A'cratam, (aKparov, from a, and^epawviii. 'to
mix.') Unmixed wine, Acratian vi'nnm, Vi'num
me'rnm.
Acrature'sis, {acratia, and ovpnats, ' the act of
discharging the urine.') Inability to void the
urine from ])aralysis of the bladder.
A'ordi (aKpa.) The extremity or tip of any
thing, as of the nose.
A'crea^ (aKpea,) Acrote'ria, (oKpov, ' the summit.')
The extreme parts of the body, aa the feet, hands,
cars, Ac. See Acralea.
Also the extreme parts of animals that are used
A3 food, Acroco' lia,
Ao'rid, (offpof, • pointc<l,' or from a/«f, 'a point.')
Acer. An epithet for substances of a hot, biting
taste, which occasion a disagreeable sense of irri-
tation and constriction at the top of the throat ;
ACEOMIAL
or which, when applied externally, cause heat and
irritation of the skin.
Acrid Heat, (F.) Chalenr dcre, is one that
causes a hot tingling sensation at the extremities
of the fingers.
Ac'rid Pois'on, see Poison.
Ac'rids, in Pathology, are certain imaginary
substances, supposed by the humorists to exist
in the humors, and to cause various diseases.
See Acrimony.
Acridoph'agi, (aKpiSa'payoi, from aKpis, gen.
aKpiSoi, 'a locust,' and ipayw, 'I eat.') Locnat-
eatera. Acridophagous tribes are said to exist in
Africa.
Ac'rimony, Acu'itaa, Acrimo'nia, (acer, ' acrid,'
oKig, 'a point.') Acrimony of the humors. An
imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymph, Ac,
which, by the humorists, was conceived to cause
many diseases.
Acrin'ia, (a, and Kpivw, ' I separate.') A diminu-
tion of the quantity, or a total suspension, of the
secretions.
A'cris, {aicpii,) a sharp bony prominence. Also,
the locust.
Acri'sia, Ac"riaia, (from nKpiata, a, and Kpiaii,
'judgment.') A condition of disease, in which
no judgment can be formed ; or in which an un-
favorable opinion must be given.
Ac'risis, Acrisia.
Acrit'ical, Ac'ritua, (F.) AcHtique. That which
takes place without any crisis ; or which does
not foretell a crisis ; as an acritical aymptom,
abaceaa, &G.
Acritochro'macy, Achromatopsia.
Ac'ritus, {uKpiTos,) Acritical.
Acrivi'ola, (acer, ' sharp,' and viola, 'a violet,')
Tropaeolum majus.
A'cro, A'kro, (from aKpov, 'top, extremity.')
In composition means the same.
K'oxdbyQ'tidk^Acropoa'tMa, {uKpov, 'top,* and jSuw,
' I cover.') The prepuce, or the extremity of the
prepuce. Also, circu:; cision (?) — Kraus.
A'crobys'tiolith, {acrohyatia, and At^os, ' a
stone.') See Calculi, preputial.
A'crobysti'tis, {aoobi/stia and itia,) Posthitis.
A'crocheir, (uKpoxeip,) Acrochir', Acrocheir'on,
(aero, and x^'P' ' ^^^ hand.') The forearm and
hand. Also, the hand.
A'crocephal'ic, {axpov, 'the top/ and cephalo.)
A term applied to heads which are unusually
prominent on the top.
A'crochord'on, {aKpoxopio)p, from aero, and
XopSrj, ' a string.') A tumor which hangs by a
pedicle. Verru'ea pena'ilia. A kind of hard
wart.
A'crochorism'us, {aero, and xoptvia, ' I dance.')
A kind of dance, with the ancients, in which the
arms and legs were violently agitated.
Acroco'lia, (a^poKwAja, from aero, and ku>\ov, ' a
member,') Acrea.
Acroco'lium, {aKpoKu>\iov,) Acromion.
Acrod'rya, (aKpoSpvov, from aero, and ipvs, 'a
tree.') Fruits, as nuts, apples, &c.
Acrodyn'ia, Enjthe'ma acrod'ynnm, E. aero-
dyn'ia, Epidem'ic erythema, Chiropodal'gia, (F.)
Acrodynie, Mai dea jyieda ct dea maina, {aero, and
o.^uv;;, 'pain.') A painful affection of the wrists
and ankle?, especially with an erythematous
eruption, which appeared in Paris as an epi-
demic, in 1828-9; supposed by some to be rheu^
matic, by others to be owing to spinal irritation.
It appears to have been the same as Dengue.
Acrolen'ion, [aero, and u\evv, 'ulna,') Ole-
cranon.
Acromast'ium, {aero, and fjuvrroi, 'breast,')
Nipple.
Acro'mia, Acromion.
Acro'mial, Acvumai'lia. Eclating to the Acro-
mion.
Auro'mial Ar'tuuy, Exter'nal Seap'xdar, Arte''
ACROMIAL
ACUPRESSURE
17
ria Thoruc'^iea hximera'lis, Art^re troisilme dea
Thoraciqiiea (Ch.), A. Thoracique humerate,
arises from the anterior part of the axillary ar-
tery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis
minor. It divides into two branches, one, su-
perior ; the other, inferior, — the branches of
which are distributed to the subclavius, serratus
major anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and pec-
toralis major muscles, as well as to the shoulder
joint. &G. They anastomose with the superior
scapular, thoracic, and circumflex arteries.
Acro'mial Nerves, Ner'vi acromia'les.
Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are
distributed to the acromial region.
Acuo^MiAii Vein has the same arrangement as
the artery.
Acro'miocoracoi'deus. Belonging to the acro-
mion and coracoid process. The triangular liga-
ment between these processes is so called.
Acro'mioil, Acro'mium, Acro'mia, Acro'inio,
(a<f/;u)/i(Oj/, from aero, and wfiog, 'the shoulder.')
Os Acro'mii, Hu'merus 8um'mn», Ar'mna sum'mus,
Mti'cro hu'vieri, Bos'trum jjorci'mim, Ca'put Scaj)'-
ulse, Acroco'lium. The process which terminates
the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with
the clavicle.
Acro'mis, (aK/jw/us,) Acromion.
Acrompha'lium, {uKpoficpaXiov,) Acromphalon.
Acrom'phaloil, Acrompha'lium, {aero, and
ofK^aXog, * the navel.') The extremity of the um-
bilical cord, which remains attached to the foetus
after birth.
Acrom'yiS, {aero, and (ivXrt, 'patella,') see
Patella.
A'cronarcot'ic, see Poison.
A'cronyx, {aero, and ovv^, 'the nail.') Growing
in of the nail.
A'croparal'ysis, {aero, and rrapaXwa/j, * palsy.')
Pural'yuia extremita'tum, Palsy of the extrem-
ities.
A'cropOS'tMa, {aero, and ttog^ij, 'prepuce,')
Acrobystia. See Prepuce.
A'croposthi'tis, gen. Aeroposthi'tidia, {acro-
posthia, and itis,) Posthitis.
A'cropsilon, (from aero, and rpi'^o^, 'naked.')
The extremity of the glans penis.
Acrori'a, {aKpu>pua, from oKpov, 'top,') Vertex.
A'crorrh.euin'a, gen. A' erorrheum'atia, liheuma-
tia'viua extremita'tum, {aero, and pevfia, ' defluxion,
rheumatism.') Rheumatism of the extremities.
A'cros, {aKpoi, ' at the extremity, top.') The
strength of the Athletae, and of diseases ; the
prominences of bones ; the extremity of the fin-
gers, &c. See Acrocheir, Acromion, &o,
Acros'tichum Polypodiol'des, Polypodium in-
canum.
Acrote'ria, {oKpog, ' at the extremity, top,')
Acrea. See Extremity.
Acroteri'asis, Acroteriasmus.
Acroteriasm'US, Acroteri'asis, {aKportipia, 'the
extremities;' hence uKporripia^av, 'to mutilate.')
Amputation of the extremities.
Acroth.yill'ioil, Akrothym'ion, {aero, and ^Vfiov,
'thyme.') A kind of conical, rugous, bloody
wart, a " moist wart," compared by Celsus to the
flower of thyme.
Acrot'ica, (from Acrea.) Diseases aflFecting
the excernent functions of the external surface of
I the body. Pravity of the fluids or emunctories
that open on the external surface, without fever
or other internal affection as a necessary accom-
paniment. The third order of the class Eccrit'ica
of Good.
Acrotism'us, (a, and Kporo^, 'pulse,') As-
. phyxia.
l Act, Act'ua, {actum, past participle of ar/ere, ' to
j do,' 'a thing done.') The efi"ective exercise of a
power or faculty. The action of an agent. Arte
I 18 used by the French to signify the public dis-
cussion, which occurs in supporting a thesis ; —
thus, aoutenir un Acfe aux J^colea de Medecine, in,
* to defend a Thesis in the Schools of Medicine.'
Ac'ta, Gesta.
Actae'a Alba, {aKraiu, and a/cr*?, 'the elder.')
See A. spicata — a. Americana, see A. spicata —
a. Cimicifuga, A. llacemosa.
Act^'a Racemo'sa, a. Cimieif'uga, Cimicif-
uga racemo'sa, Mdcro'tya racemo'sa, Bot'rophia
Serpenta'ria {?), Serpenta'ria ni'gra. Black anake'-
root, Bieh'weed, Cohosh', Squato root, Battleweed,
Black Cohosh, (F.) Aetee d grappes, Serpentaire
noire. Ord. Ranunculaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyan-
dria Pentagynia. A common plant in the United
States. The root, Cimieif'uga (Ph. U. S.), is,
astringent ; and, according to Barton, has been
successfully used, in the form of a decoction, as a
gargle in putrid sore throat. A decoction of the
root cures the itch.. It is acro-narcotic, and has
been used in rheumatism, acute and chronic;
chorea, <fec.
Actj^'a Rubra. See A. Spicata.
AcTjE'a Spica'ta, Christophoria'na spica'ta,
Aconi'tum racemo'sum, Bane' berry, Herb Chris' -
topher, (F.) Herbe St. Christophe. A perennial
herbaceous European plant, the root of which re-
sembles that of the black hellebore. The root is
cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in overdoses
may produce dangerous consequences.
ActfB'a America'na, of which there are two va-
rieties, A. al'ba and A. ru'brn, — ichite and red
cohosh, — is indigenous in the tjnited States. It
has the same properties as A. spicata.
Ao'tS, Sambucus.
Acte, Act.
Aetee d GrajjpeSf Acttea racemosa.
Actif, {agere, actum, 'to act,') Active.
Ac'tio, Action, Function.
Ac'tiou, Ac'tio, Opeva'tio, Energi'a, Prax'is.
Mode in which one object influences another.
The animal actions are those that occur in the
animal body : the vital, those that are essential to
life : the pt^'y^'dogical, those of a healthy char-
acter : the pathological or morbid, those that
occur in disease, <tc. The ancients divided the
physiological actions into vital, animal, natural,
sexual, particnlar, gonr-ral, <&c. See Function.
Actio'nes Natura'les, see Function.
Ac'tive, Bras' tic, Acti'vus, (F.) SthHique,
Aetif. This adjective is used, in Pathology, to
convey the idea of superabundant energy or
strength, Sthen'icua, Hypersthen'icua, (F.) Sthen-
iqne. Active symptoms, e. g. are those of excite-
ment. In Therapeutics, it sigmfiGS energet'ic : —
as, an active treatment. The French use the
expression Medecine agissante, in contradistinc-
tion to Medecine expectante. In Physiology,
active has a similar signification, many of th«
functions being divided into active and pas-
sive.
Ac'ton; A village near London, at which
there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at
Epsom. ■
Ac'tual; Same etymon as active. That which
acts immediately. A term usually restricted to
the red-hot iron, or to heat in any form ; in con-
tradistinction to the potential or virtual, which iJ
applied to caustics or escharotics.
Actua'rius. Originally a title of dignity
given to the Byzantine physicians, correspond-
ing to the modern phygieian-in-ordinary.
Act'us, gen. Ac'tda, /.-^t — a. Parturitionis, Par-
turition.
A'cuductor, {acua, and ^'icere, ductum, 'to
lead,') Porte-aiguille.
Acu'itas, {acua, 'a needle,') Acrimony.
Acu'leus Lig'neus, {acua, 'a neoile,') Splin-.
ter.
Acu'meter, Acoumeter.
A'cupressure, Acupreaau'ra, {acua, 'a neea. 7
and pr-itnere, 2>re8sum, 'to press.') A process fo*
!8
ACUPUKCTATUM
ADDUCTOR
arresting hemorrhage, proposed by Prof. Sir
James Y. Simpson, of Edinburgh, which consists
in passing an appropriate needle or pin twice
through the substance of a wound, so as to com-
press and close, by the middle portion of the nee-
dle, the tube of the bleeding vessel a line or two,
or more, on the cardiac side of the bleeding point.
To ucupress' is to employ acupressure.
A'cupu^Cta'tum, Acupuncture.
A'cupunctura'tion, Acupuncture.
A'cupunc'ture, Aciqjuuvtn' ra, Stylostix'ia, Acu-
puncta'tum, Acupimctura'tioiiy (ocws, *a needle,'
and pnnctiira, ' a puncture.') A surgical opera-
tion, much in use among the Chinese and Japan-
ese, which consists in puncturing parts with a
very fine needle. It has been employed, of late
years, in obstinate rheumatic affections, Ac, and
apparently with success. Acupuncture is like-
wise a mode of infanticide in some countries ; the
needle being forced into the brain through the
fontanelles, or into the spinal marrow, &c.
Acur'gia, («««?, * a point, a sharp instrument; '
and epyov, 'work,') Surgery (operative).
A'cus, gen, A'ciiit, Needle — a. Capitata^ Pin —
a. Invaginata, see Needle — a. Ophthalmica, see
Needle — a. Paracentetica, Trocar — a, Paracen-
tica. Trocar — a. Triquetra vulgaris. Trocar — a.
Veneris, Eryngium campestre.
Acusim'eter, {acusis, and //erpov, ^ a measure,')
Acoumeter.
Acu'sis, (aKovaii,) Audition.
Acust'ica, Acoustics.
Acust'icus, {oKovuTiKoc,) Auditory, Acoustic.
Acute', Acu'tus, Ox'ys, (aKig, ' a point.') (F.)
Aicfu. A disease which, with a certain degree of
severity, has a rapid progress and short duration,
is said to be " acute." — Oxynose'ma, Oxyn'oaoa,
Oxynu'sos.
Diseases were formerly subdivided into Morhi
acutis'simi, very acute, or those which last only
three or four days; M. 8ubacutis'8i)in\ which con-
tinue seven days; and 31. subacu'ti, or those
which last from twenty to forty days.
The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, when
applied to pain, sound, cries, Ac, means sharp.
A'cntenac'ulani, {acus, *a needle,' and tetia-
culnm, 'a holder,') Porte-aigullle.
Acyauoblep'sia, (a, Kvapog, ' blue,' and jSAeTrw,
'I see.') Defective vision, which consists in in-
capability of distinguishing blue. See Achroma-
topsia.
Acye'sis, (o, and Kvrjfftg^ 'pregnancy,') Sterilitas.
Ao''yrus, Arnica montana.
Acystinerv'ia, {a, Kvam, * bladder,' and vevpov,
'nerve,') Cystoparalysis.
Acysturonerv'ia, (o, KvaTig, 'bladder,' ovpov,
'urine,' and vevpov, 'nerve,') Cystoparalysis.
Acysturotroph'ia, (a, Kvcms, ' bladder,' ovpov,
'urine,' and rpo/zr/, 'nourishment,') Cystatrophia.
Acyte'rius, {aKvrripiOi, from a, and kvciv, ' to con-
ceive.') Abortive.
Ad, as a prefix, in Romanic words, signifies
' to.'
Adaca. The Sphmran'thua In'dicus, a Malabar
plant, which is acrid and aromatic.
Adac'rya, (a, and 6atcpvm, * I weep.') Defective
secretion of tears.
AdsBmon'ia, properly Ademouia, (aiti/jgivia.)
Anxiety. See Adcmonia.
Adako'dien. A Malabar plant of the family
Apocynea), used in that country in diseases of the
eyes.
Ad'ali, Lip'pia. A Malabar plant, which the
Orientals regard e^ an antidote to the bite of the
Ad'amant. Diamond, Magnet.
Adamantine Sub'stance, Enamel of the teeth.
Ad'amtlS, gen. Admnan'tiaf (aSafjiai,) Diamond,
Bniv^el.
Adami'ta, Adami'tum, (from adamas.) A
very hard, white calculus. — Paracelsus.
The first word has been used for stone in the
bladder : the second for lithiasis or the calculous
condition.
Adam's Apple, Pomum Adami.
Adanso'nia Digita'ta, (after Michel Adanson,
the French naturalist.) Baobab.
Adap'ter, (nd and opto, ' I fit.') A tube em-
ployed in pharmaceutical operations for length-
ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the
opening of the receiver is not large enough to ad-
mit the beak of the retort.
Adar'ce, {ahu\)Kri,) Adar'cion, Adar'yjts. A con-
cretion found about the reeds and grass in the
marshy regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it
were: hence the name, from a, privative, and
iepKo), 'I see,' It was formerly in repute for
cleansing the skin from freckles, &c.
Adari'go, Orpiment.
Adar'nech, Orpiment.
Adarticula'tio, {ad and articulare, 'to join,')
Arthrodia.
Ad Cu'tem Abdominis (Arte'ria). The super-
fic"ial ar'tery of the ubdo'men, — a branch of the
crural or femoral, which arises at the lower part
of Poupart's ligament, and ascends towards the
umbilicus, being distributed to the integuments.
Addad. A Numidian plant; bitter and poi-
sonous.
Addepba'gia, Adepha'gia, a56tj<payia, aSridtayta,
(from a66r}v, 'in excess,' aud^yctv, 'to eat.') Vo-
raciousness. Galen and Hoffmann have given this
name to voracious appetite in children affected
with worms. Sauvages refers it to Bulimia.
Also, the goddess of gluttony.
Ad'der's Tongue, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
Ad'dison, Disease' of, see Capsule, renal.
Additament'um, (addere, additum, ' to ad-
join.') A term once used synonymously with
Epiph'ysix. It is now restricted to the prolonga-
tion of two cranial sutures, the lambdoidal and
squamous.
Additament'um Co'li, Appendix vermiformis
caeci — a. Necatum, Olecranon — a. ad Sacro-lum-
balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Ulnse, Radius — a.
Uncatum ulna3. Olecranon.
Addle (Prov.), Abscess.
Addu'cens Oc'uli, {ad and ducere, ductum, 'to
draw,') Rectus internus oculi.
A^dducteur de V(Eil, Rectus internus oculi —
a. du Gro8 orleil, Adductor pollicis pedis — a.
Premier ou moyen. Adductor longus femoris — o.
du Pouce, Adductor pollicis man <is — a. Secovd
ou petit, Adductor brevis — «. 2'roiniente ou. yiand,
Adductor magnus.
Adduc'tion, Adduc'tio, Pamgo'ge. The action
by which parts are drawn towards the axis of the
body.
The muscles which execute this function are
called Addnc'tors.
Adduc'tor Brevis, see Adductors of the Thigh
— a. Femoris primus, see Adductors of the Thigh
— a. Femoris secundus, see Adductors of the
Thigh — a. Femoris tertius et quartus, see Adduc-
tors of the Thigh — a. Longus femoris, sec
Adductors of the Thigh — a. Magnus, see Adduc-
tors of the Thigh — a. Medii digiti pedis, Pos-
terior medii digiti pedis.
Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'imi Dig"iti, Me-
tacar'peits. Car' pometacar'pena min'imi dig"iti, is
situate between the adductor and flexor, next to
the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, from the
unciform process of the os unciforme, and from the
contiguous part of the annular ligament of the
wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy, into
the fore-part of the metacarpal bone of the little
finger, from its base to its head.
Adduc'tor Minimi DiQiTi,Prior minimi digiti —
ADDUCTOR
ADENOPATHY
19
a. ad Minimum digitum, Adductor pollicis manfls
— a. Oc'uU, Rectus interuus oculi — a. Pollicis,
A. pollicis manflis.
Adduc'tob Pol'licis ManCs, A. Pol'Ucis, A. ad
min'iimim dig" Hum, Melacar' pophalan' geus pol'li-
eix (Ch.), (F.) Adducteur du pouce. A muscle
which arises, fleshy, from almost the whole length
of the metacarpal bone of the middle finger, and
is inserted into the inner part of the root of the
first bone of the thumb.
Adduc'tor Pol'licis Pb'dis, Antith'enar, M^e-
tatar' sosubphalan' gens pol'licis (Ch.), (F.) Tarso-
metataiai-phalattgien du pouce. Adducteur du,
gros orteil. ArisdS by a long thin tendon,
from the under part of the os calcis, from the os
cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, and from the
root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe. It
is divided into two fleshy ])ortions, and is inserted
into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the
metatarsal bone of the great toe.
Bichat has given the general name, Adduc'iors,
to those of the interosseous muscles of the hand
or foot, which perform the action of adduction.
Adduc'tor Tkr'tii Dig"iti Pe'dis, Prior tertii
digiti pedis.
Adduc'tors op the Thigh. These are three in
number, which have, by some anatomists, been
united into one muscle — the Triceps Adduc'tor
Fem'oris.
1. Adduc'tor Ion' gu8 /em' oris, A. /em' oris pri'-
mus, Tri'ceps mi'nor, Pu'bio/emora'lis (Ch.),
(F.) Premier ou moyen adducteur. Arises by a
strong tendon from the upper and fore part of the
OS pubis and ligament of the symphysis, at the
inner side of the pectinalis. It runs downwards
and outwards, and is inserted by a broad, flat
tendon into the middle of the linea aspera.
2. Addtcc'tor bre'vt^, A./em'oris secun'dus, Tri'-
ceps secun'dus, Subpubio/emorn'lis (Ch.), (F.)
Second ou petit Adducteur. Arises tendinous
from the os pubis, at the side of its symphysis,
below and behind the last muscle. It runs ob-
liquely outwards, and is inserted by a short, flat
tendon into the inner and upper part of the linea
aspera, from a little below the trochanter minor
to the beginning of the insertion of the adductor
longus.
3. Adduc'tor mag'nus, A. /emoris ter'tius et
qunr'tus, Tri'ceps mag'nus, Is' chio/emora' lis (Ch.),
(F.) Tfoisihne ou grand adducteur, is much
larger than either of the others. It arises from
the ramus of the pubis, from that of the ischium,
and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted into the
whole length of the linea aspera. Near the lower
part of the linea aspera it is pierced by a kind of
oblique, fibrous canal, through which the crural
artery and vein pass.
Adec. The inner man, according to Paracelsus.
Adec'ta, (a, and iaKvtii, ' I bite,') Sedatives.
Adelipa'ria, {abttv, * to excess,' and Atirapos,
' fat,') Polysarcia.
Adelodagam. A bitter Malabar plant, used in
isthma, catarrh, and gout.
Adelph'ia, (a^cX^oy, ' brother,') (F.) Adelphe. A
form of monstrosity which is double anteriorly or
posteriorly. See Adelphixia.
li.^%\^\iix'ia., Adelphix'is, {ahe\(pOi, 'brother,')
Consanguinity of parts in health or disease;
Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio. Hippocrates used the
word Adelph'ia for diseases that resemble each
other.
Adelphix'is, (a^A^i^j,) Sympathy.
Ademon'ia, {aitjiiovia.) Depression, Nostalgia.
Ademofa'yne, {aSnuoawt}.) Depression, Nostal-
gia.
A' den, gen. A'denis, {aHi/v, gen. a6svos, * a gland,')
in composition, gland.
A'den Ulc"br, see Beriberi.
Adenargia, Adenodyn'ia, {aden^ }»ad *Xyos,
*pain.') Glandular pain.
Adenectop'ia, {aden, and tKTomg, ' removed
from its place.') Dislocation of a gland.
Adenemphraz'is, (aden, and en<ppa^is, 'obstruc-
tion ') Glandular obstruction.
Ade'nia, {a6nv, 'a gland,') Hodgkin's Disease.
A^d^ties, (from aden,) Adenoj)athies angibro-
miques. Diseases of the glands connected with the
digestive tube.
Aden'ifortn, Adeni/orm'is, Adeno'i'des, Ad'e-
noid, {aden and /orma, 'form or resemblance.')
Glan'di/orm, or resembling a gland.
Ad&nite, Adenitis — a. Lymphatique, Lympha-
denitis.
Adeni'tis, gen. Adeni'tidis, {aden and itis.)
Phlegma' sia adeno'sn seu glanduio'sa, (F.) Adc"
nite. Glandular inflammation.
Adeni'tis Lymphat'ica, Lymphadenitis.
Adeni'tis Mksenter'ica, Mesenter'ic Gangli-
oni'tis. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands.
Adeni'tis Palpebra'rum Contagio'sa, see
Ophthalmia.
Adenoce'l§, (aden, and Ktj'Kr}, 'a rupture,' 'a
tumor.') Under this term Mr. Birkett includes
tumors of the mammae, which contain structures
similar to, if not identical with, the normal secret-
ing tissue of the gland, and more especially the
cystosarcoma, and chronic mammary tumors of
surgical authors. See also Adenoma.
A'denochirapsolog"ia, {aden, xeip, 'the hand,*
arrrw, 'I lay hold of,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.')
The doctrine of curing scrofula or the king's evil
by the royal touch. -
Adenoch(£radolo"gia and Adenochoirado-
log"ia, (aden, xoip'i^, 'scrofulous disease,' and Aoyoj,
' description,') have been used with the same ac-
ceptation ; as well as for a treatise on scrofula.
Adenochon'drius, (aden, .nd j(ovSpos, * car-
tilage.') Relating to gland and cartilage, — for ex-
ample, Arthrophy'mti adeuochon' drium, a tume-
faction of the glands and cn.rtilages of joints.
Adenod^ettnies Sf/philUiques, A. syj)hylo-
siqnes, (aden, and 6tpp.%, 'skin.') Syphilitic affec-
tions of the glands of the skin.
Adenodermies Syphylosiquen, A. Syphilitiques.
Adenodyn'ia, (aden, and oitwn, * pain.') Ade-
nalgia.
Adenog'raphy, Adenogra'phia, (aden, and
ypa(pb>, ' I describe.') That part of anatomy which
describes the glands.
Ad'enoid, Adeniform.
Ad'enoid Tiss'ue, Lymph' Old or Eet'i/orm
Tissue. The tissue composing the follicles of the
lymphatic glands, the Malpighian corpuscles of
the spleen, Peyer's glands, solitary glands of the
intestine, thymus gland, <fec., possessing the same
general structure everywhere. The follicle of a
lymphatic gland may be taken as the type also
of the pathological growth, Lymphoma.
Ad'enoid Tumor, Adenoma.
Adenoi'des, Adeniform.
Adenologadi'tis, (aden, and logaditis.) Oph-
thalmia of the new born.
Adenol'ogy, Adenolog"ia, (aden, and Aoyof, 'a
description.') A treatise on the glands.
Adeno'ma, gen. Adeno'mntis, (aden, and oma,)
Ad' enocele, Ad'enoid Tumor. A glandular growth
or hypertrophy of gland texture. See Tumor,
glandular.
Adenomala'cia, (aden, and ixaXaKta, * soften-
ing.') Mollescence or softening of a gland.
Adenomeninge'al, see Fever, adenomeningeal,
(aden, and prjviy^, ' membrane.')
Adenonco'sis, (aden, oyKog, 'a tumor,' and
osis.) Adenophyma.
Adenonc'us, (aden, and oywf, ' a tumor.*}
Adenophyma.
Ad'enonerv'ous Fever, Plague.
Adenopathies Anf/ibr antiques, (adew, and
Tta^oi, ' afl'ection.') Adenies,
4,denop'atliy, Bubo.
20 ADENOPHARYNGEUS
Adenopharynge'us, (aden, and pharynx.)
Some fleshy fibres, which pass from the constric-
tor pharyngis inferior to the thyroid gland, have
received this name. Their existence is not con-
stant.
Adenopharyngi'tis, gen. Adenopharyngi'tidia.
Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx.
Adenoplithalni'ia, Ophthalmia tarsi.
Adenophy'raa, gen. Adenophy'matia, Adenon'-
cns, Adenonco'sis, (aden, and r/)u^a, * a swelling.')
Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion.
(F.) Glandage. Adenophyma is used by some to
signify a soft glandular swelling; — Adenoncua,
one of a harder character.
Adenophy'ma Inguina'lis. Bubo.
Adenoscir'rhus, Adenosdero'eiH, (aden, and
uKippoi, 'induration.') Scirrhous induration of a
gland.
Adenosclero'sis, {aden, and QKXrjpa;, 'hard.')
Adenoseirrhus.
Adeno'sis Sorophulo'sa, (from aden,) Scrof-
ula.
Adeno'sus, {Ahsces' sua.) A hard, glandular
abscess, which suppurates slowly.
Adeuosynchitoni'ds, [aden, synchiton^ 'the
conjunctiva,' and itis, 'inflammation.') Ophthal-
mia neonatorum.
Adenot'omy, Adenotom'ia, (aden, and re/ivw, *I
cut.') Dissection of the glands.
Adepha'gia, {afvi4>aYia, from air)v, 'in excess,'
and <l>uy£tv, ' to eat.') Addephagia, Boulimia.
Ad'eps, gen. Ad'ipia, Ad'eps SnU'lva, Oxyn'-
gititn, Pingne'do, Lar'idum, Lar'dum, Lard.
(Prov.) Mort, Sal' lis, Swineaame. Pig's flare.
The fat of the hog. In the Ph. U. S. the pre-
pared fat of Sua acrofa, free from saline matter.
Ad'eps Anseki'nus, Ad'epa an'seria or Goose
greaae, (F.) Graiaae d' Oie, is emollient. It has
been used as an emetic.
Ad'eps An'seris, A. Anserinus — a. Benzoa-
tus, Unguentum Benzoini — a. Cantharidibus
medicatus, Unguentum Lyttse medicatum —
a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii medicatus, Unguen-
tum epispasticum de Daphne gnidio — a. Hu-
manus, Liquamumia — a. Hydrargyro medi-
catus, Unguentum hydrargyri — a. ex Hydrar-
gyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum oxidi
hydrargyri cinereum — a. Hydrargyri muriate
oxygenato medicatus, Unguentum muriatis hy-
drargyri oxygenati medicatum — a. Hydrargyri
nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis
— a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et plumbi acetate
medicatus, Unguentum ophthalmicum — ^a. Lauro
medicatus, Unguentum laurinum — a. Myristicae,
see Myristica — a. Ovilli, Sevum — a. Papavere,
hyoscyamo, et belladonn§, medicatus, Unguentum
populeum.
Ad'eps Ph^epara'tus, A. Suil'lus cura'tua (see
Cura), A. Suil'lna prtepura' tus. Hog's lard, Bar-
row's grease, Lard, Ax'nnge, Axun'gia, Axun'gia
porci'na, (F.) Graiaae de Pore, Saindoux, Axonge,
is prepared by molting pig's flare, and straining
it. This is called rendering the lard. Lard is
emollient, but is chiefly used for forming oint-
ments and plasters.
Ad'eps Suil'lus, see Adeps praeparatus — a.
Suillus curatus, Adeps pra;paratu8 — a. Suillus
pra>paratu3, Adeps prajparatus — a. Sulfure et
Ammouiu) muriate medicatus, Unguentum sul-
phuratum ad Bcabiom — a. Sulfure et carbonate
Potasaaa medicatus, Unguentum suiphuratum al-
caliuum ad scabicm — a. Tartaro stibii medicatus,
Unguentum antinionii — a. Oxido ziuci medica-
tus, Ungupntum oxidi zinci impuri.
Adept', {adipia'cor, adeptua, 'to acquire.')
Alchymlst.
Adep'ta Medioi'na. Medicine, which treated
•f diseases contracted by oelcytial operations, or
vonimunicated from heaven.
Aufp'ta Pbilosopu'ia, Alchymy.
ADIPOCERA
Adermonerv'ia, (a, 6cpfta, 'skin,' and vevpttf
'nerve.') Dermataneuria,
Adermotropli'ia, (a, Seppia, 'skin,' and rpotp^,
' nourishment.') Extenuation or atrophy of the
skin.
Adfla'tus, Afilatus.
Adhaeren'tia, {ad, and hterere, hteaum, 'to
stick.') Adherence.
Adhae'sio, Adherence.
Adhato'da, Justic"ia adhato'da. The 3/ala-
har' Nut Tree. (F.) Noyer de Ceylon. Used in
India for expelling the dead foetus in abortion.
The word is said to convey this meaning in the
Ceylonese.
Adlie'reil0e« Adhe'aion, Adhseren'tia, Concre'tio,
Proa'phyaia, Proacolle'aia, Adhse'aio, (from adhse-
rere, — ad and hserere, — * to stick to.') These words
are usually employed synonymously. The French
often use adherence for the state of union, and
adheaion for the act of adhering.
Adhe'sion, Adherence.
Adliesif, Adhesive.
Adhe'sive, Adhie'aua, Adhmsi'vus, (F.) Adhe-
aif : same etymon as Adherence. Sticking, unit-
ing. An epithet, — as ' adhesive plaster,' see Em-
plastrum resinaa.
Adhe'sive Inflamma'tion is that inflammation
which terminates by an adhesion between inflamed
and separated surfaces, and which was, at one
time, supposed to be necessary for such adhesion.
Adian'thum, Adiantum.
Adian'tum, Adian'thum, {aSiavrov, from a, and
6iaivu), ' I grow wet,' from the leaves not being
easily moistened.) A. pedatum.
Adian'tum jEthiop'icum. A South African
plant, Ord. Filices, an infusion of which is some-
times used as an emollient in coughs, and in dis-
eases of the chest.
Adian'tum Al'bum, Asplenium ruta muraria —
a. Aureum, Polytrichum — a. Canadense, A. pe-
datum.
Adian'tum Capil'lus Ven'eris, A. Corian'dri-
fo'lium seu Ni'grum, Capil'lus Ven'eris, 3/aideti-
hair, (F.) Capillaire de Montpellier. A Euro-
pean plant, of feeble, aromatic, and demulcent
properties. It is used for forming the Sirop de
Capillaire ou Capillaire.
Adian'tum Cokiandrifo'lium, A. capillus ve-
neris — a. Nigrum, A. capillus veneris — a. Pa-
tens, A. pedatum.
Adian'tum Peda'tum, A. Canaden'se seu Pa'-
tens, Adian'tum, Capil'lus Ven'eris Canaden's'is,
Her'ha Ven'eris, Fi'lix Ven'eris, Can'ada Maid'-
enhair, Amer'icau Maidenhair, Rock'fern, Siceet'-
fern, (F.) Capillaire dti Canada, has the same
properties. Capillaire was once made from this.
See Adiantum Capillus Veneris.
Adian'tum Ru'brum, Asplenium trichomano-
ides.
Adiaphanie JP^richt-pstalliq-ue, (a, iia,
'through,' and <paipw, 'I shine.') See Cataract.
A'diaphore'sis, Adiaphorosis.
Adiaphoro'sis, Adiaphore'sia, {a, Sta, 'through,'
ipopog, ' a pore,' and oaia.) Defect or suppression
of perspiration, Adiapneua'tia.
Adiaph'orouS, Adiaph'orua, Indiff'erens, Neu'-
tral. A medicine which will neither do harm
nor good.
Adiapnenst'ia, (aitairvevfTTia, from a, 6ia,
'through,' and Trvtw, 'I breathe,') Adiaphorosis.
Adiarrhoe'a, («, and Siap^eeiv, ' to flow.') Re-
tention of any excretion.
Adiathes'io, Adinthea'icua, (a, and Sia^cais, * di-
athesis.') In the system of controstimulism,
adiatheaic diaeaaes are such as occur without any
antecedent diathesis.
Ad'ice, {aiiKtta, ' I injure.') Urtica.
Adipa'tus, {adeps, gen. adipia, ' fat.') Fatty.
Adipvux, Adipose.
Adipooe'ra, Adipocere — a. Cetosa, Cetacoum.
ADIPOCEEE
ADYNAMIC
21
Ad'ipooere, Adipoce'ra, (adeps, gen. adtpis,
' fat/ and ce/'a, * wax.') (F.) Adipocire. The base
of biliary calculi, called also Chol'esterine. Also, a
sort of soap, formed from animal matter under cer-
tain circumstances. (F.) Gras des Cadavres, Gras
des Cimetierea. The human body, when it has
been for some weeks in water, assumes this ap-
pearance ; and it has been a subject of legal in-
quiry, what length of time is necessary to produce
it. This must, of course, depend upon various
circumstances, as climate, season, &c.
Adipocire de Baleine, Cetaceum.
Adipocir'iform, {adipocire, and /orma, 'form.')
See Cholesteatoma.
Ad'ipose, Ad'ipoue, Adipo'su/i, (adeps, gen. ad-
ipis, 'fat.') (F.) Adipeux. That which relates
to fat — as Adi2)u8e membrane, A. veaxela, &c. See
Fatty.
Ad'ipose Sarco'ma op Ab'ernethy, EnipTiy'ma
frtrco'tna adipo'eum, is suetty throughout, and en-
closed in a thin capsule of condensed areolar sub-
stance, connected by means of minute vessels.
It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of
the trunk. See Sarcoma.
Adipo'sis, (adeps, and osis.) See Polysarcia.
Adipo'sis Hepat'ica, Pimelo'sia seu Steato'sia
8eu Maktx'is hepat'iat, He'par adipo'aiim, Degen-
era'tio Hep'atia Adipo'sa, Fat'ty liv'er, Fat'ty de-
genera' Hon of the liv'er, (F.) Degenerescence grais-
seuae dn Foie. A form of disease of the liver
dependent on the accumulation of fat in its se-
creting cells. The gland is of a dull yellow color,
generally greasy and flabby, and if the degen-
eration is excessive it may impede the circula-
tion in the capillaries and obstruct the excretion
of bile.
Adiposu'ria, (adeps, gen. adipis, 'fat,' and
•wpof, ' urine.') Piraeluria.
Adipo'sus, Fatty, Adipose.
Ad'ipous, Fatty, Adipose.
Adip'sia, (a, and 6c4^a, 'thirst,') Dipso'sia ex-
pera. Absence of thirst.
Adip'son, Adip'sum. Any substance which
relieves thirst. Applied to a decoction of barley
to which oxymel was added.
Adip'sOS, Glycyrrhiza.
Ad'itus, gen. Ad'itus, 'an entrance,' ' an ap-
proach;' (adire, adit urn, 'to go to.') Pros' odoa.
The entrance to a canal or duct, as Ad'itua ad
: Aqiiseduc'tiim Fallo'pii.
Ad'itus ad Inpundib'ulum, Vulva — a. Laryn-
1 gis, see Larynx.
Adiulis'tOS, (a, and ^tuAi^w, ' I strain.') Un-
strained wine for pViarmaceutical purposes.
Adjunct'um, (ad, and jungere, junctum, 'to
I join,') Accompaniment.
Ad'jutor Min'ister.^/rfe — a. Partds, (' an aider
of birth,') Accoucheur.
Ad'juvant, Ad'juvana, (adjuvare, 'to aid.') A
medicine, introduced into a prescription to aid
; the operation of the principal ingredient or basis.
I Also, whatever assists in the removal or.preven-
f tion of disease.
Adminictile (F.), Adminic' ulnm, (ad, and ma-
nua, 'a hand.') A prop, a support. Anything
; that aids the action of a remedy.
[ Adnascen'tia. (ad, and naacor, 'to grow,')
Prosphysis.
' Adna'ta (Tu'llica), ad, and naaeor, natua, 'to
grow,') Conjunctiva, and Vaginal Coat of the
Testicle.
Adnee (Membrane), Conjunctiva.
i Adoles'cence, Adoleacen'tia, Juven'ta, Juven'taa,
I Juven'tHs, ^'taa bo'na. Youth: (from adolescere,
— arf, and oleacere, — 'to grow.') (F.) Jeunesse.
\ The period between puberty and that at which
I the body acquires its full development; being, in
' man, between the 14th and 25th years; and, in
■ woman, between the 12th and 21st. See Age.
Adoles'cens, Ju'venia, Hebe'tea, Hebe'ter, Ily-
pene'tea. A youth. A young man in the period
of adolescence.
Adolescen'tia, Adolescence.
Ado'lia. A Malabar plant, whose leaves, put
in oil, form a liniment, used in facilitating labor.
A'dor, Zea mays.
Ado'rion, Daucus carota.
Adoncissants, (from adoucir, 'to soften,') De-
mulcents.
Ad Pon'dus Om'nium, ' To the weight of the
whole.' In a prescription it means, that any
particular ingredient shall equal in weight the
whole of the others.
Adragant, (corr. from tragacantha,) Traga-
cantha.
Adragante ou Adraganthe, Tragacantha.
A'dra Bi'za, {a6iJog, a6i>a, 'thick,' and ^i^a, 'a
root,') Aristolochia clematitis.
Adre'lials,(oc^ and ren, 'kidney,') Capsule, renal.
Adrobo'lon, (adpoi, 'thick,' and jSwAoy, "mass.')
The bdellium of India, which is in larger pieces
than that of Arabia.
A'dros, (aSpoi, 'plump and full.') Applied to
the habit of body, and also to the pulse.
Adsa'ria Pa'la, Dolichos pruriena.
Adspira'tio, (ad, and spiro, ' I breathe.') As-
piration, Inspiration.
Ad'stans, (ad, 'to or near,* and atare, 'to
stand,') Prostate.
Ad'stites Glandule's!, Prostate.
Adstric'tio, (ad, and atringere, atrictum, 'to
bind,') Astriction, Constipation.
Adstricto'ria, Astringents.
Adstrin'gens Fothergilli, Kino.
Adstringen'tia, Astringents.
Adulas'so. The Jn«tic"ia bival'via. A small
shrub, used in India as a local application in gout.
Adult', ('Jid, and olere, olitum, ' to grow,') see
Adult Age.
Adult' Age, Andri'a, Viril'itaa, ^'taa viri'lia,
Viril'ity, llanhood. The age succeeding adoles-
cence, and preceding old age. In the civil law,
an adult is one who, if a boy, has attained the
age of fourteen years ; and, if a girl, of twelve.
In the common law, one of full age. Adult, AduV-
taa, is also used for one in the adult age.
Adultera'tio, Falsification.
Adult'us, see Adult Age.
Adunca'tio Un'guium, (ad, and uncus, ' a
hook,') Onychogryphosis.
Adu'rens, {ad, and urere, 'to burn,') Caustic.
Adu'rion, Rhus coriaria.
Adust', Adna'tua, (from adnrere, — ad, and
urere, — ' to burn.') The blood and fluids were
formerly said to be adust, when there was much
heat in the constitution, and but little serum in
the blood.
Adus'tio, Adustion, Burn.
Adus'tion, Adua'tio. State of the body de-
scribed under Adust. In surgery, it signifies caxi,-
teriza' tion.
Ad'veh,ens, (ad, and vehere, 'to carry.') Af-
ferent.
Adventif'ious Diseases, Acquired diseases.
Adventif'ius, (ad, and venio, ventum, 'to
come.') Accidental.
Adyna'mia, Impoten'tia ; (aSwatua, from a, and
dvvanii, ' strength,') Adyna'nia, Adyna'tia. Con-
siderabFe debility of the vital powers ; as in ty-
phoid fever. Some Nosologists have a class of
diseases under the name Adynamise, Ec'lyaea,
Mor'bi asthen'ici.
Adyna'mia Viri'lis, Impotence.
Adyna'miae, see Adynamia.
Adynam'ic, Adynam'icus, Hypodynam'ic, Uy-
podynam'icua (same etymon). Appertaining to
debility of the vital powers.
Adyvam'ic or Ty'phoid Sink'ing. A sinking
or loss of power, such as is observed in adynamic
cases.
22
ADYNASIA
A^n^
Adyna'sia, (a^waaia,) Adynamia.
Adyna'tia, (aiwana,) Adynamia.
Adyuatocomi'um, {adynatua, and Koiua, ' I take
care of/) Hospital.
Adynatodoclii'um, {adynatus, and iexpiiai, 'to
receive/) Hospital.
Adyn'atus, {uhuvaToq,) Sickly.
.Sdoe'a, {ai6oia, from oj^w?, * shame.') Genital
organs.
JSdoe'agra, {nedoea, and aypa, ' seizure.') Gout
in the genitals.
.EdCBag'raphy, ^dceagraph' ia, JEdceog'rapTiy,
{sedoea, and ypaq^a, ' I describe.') A description
of the organs of generation.
MdCBal'Ogy, jEd(xalog"ia, ^dcenVogy, (ledoea,
and Aoyof, * a description.') A treatise on the
organs of generation.
JEdoeat'omy, JEdceatohnia, ^doeoto'mio, J5-
dcent'ome, jEdteot' omy, [sedoea, and Tout/, ' incision.')
Dissection of the parts of generation.
.Sldoe'ci, (from sedoea,) Gennetici.
^doei'tis, gen. ^doei'tidis, JEdoeoti'tis, Mede-
t'tis, (sedoea, and itis.) Inflammation of the gen-
ital organs.
JSdoe'oblenorrliuea Feminamin, Leucorrhoea.
^doeodyn'ia, (sedoea, and oSwtj, 'pain/) Pain
in the genitals. Pudendagra.
-Edceogar' gains, (sedoea, and yapya^i^w, *I
tickle.') Masturbation, Nymphomania.
JEdceogargarism'US, (sedoea, and yapyaipu, '1
vibrate.') Masturbation, Nymphomania.
.Edoeog'raphy, ^doeagraphy.
JEdceol'Dgy, ^dcealogy.
iEdceoma'nia, (asrfcea, and mania,) Nympho-
mania.
JEdce'omycodermi'tis, gen. uEdoeomycodermi'-
tidis, (sedoea, fivKog, * mucus/ Sepua, ' skin/ and
iti8.) Inflammation of the mucous membrane of
the genital organs.
Md.<B'on, (aidoiov,) Inguen.
^doeopsophe'sis, JEdoeopsophia.
JBdoeopsopll'ia, uEdoeopsophe' sis (sedoea, and
\po()>eiv, ' to make a noise.') Emission of wind by
the urethra in man, by the vagina in woman.
^dceopsoph'ia Uteri'na, Physometra.
Sid.<BOS'CO'PY,^doeoscop'ia, (sedoea, and aiamtia, * I
view.') Exploration of the organs of generation.
^doBOti'tlS, gen. JEdoeoti'tidis, iEdoeitis,Medei-
tis — ae. Gangr8enosa,Colpocace — ae. Gangraenosa
puellarum, Colpocace infantilis — ae. Gangraenosa
puerperarum, Colpocace puerperarum.
.SSdoeot'ome, iEdoeatomy.
iEdcBOtom'ia, iEdoeatomy.
JEdoeot'omy, jEdoeatomy.
.Sdopto'sis, (sedoea, and rrT<i>ats, ' a falling.')
Hysteroptosis — ae. Uteri, Prolapsus uteri — ae.
Uteri inversa. Uterus, inversion of the — ae. Uteri
retroversa, Retroversio uteri — ae. Vaginae, Pro-
lapsus vaginae — ae. Vesicae, Exocyste.
JEeig'laces, Aei(j' luces, (an, 'always/ and
y\vKvi, ' sweet.') A kind of sweet wine or must.
.Slgagropi'Ia, jEyagropi'luH, (aiyaypoi, 'the
rock goat,' and 7rt>of, * hair,') Bizoar d' Allemayne,
PUa Dtima'rum seu Rupicapra' nun. A ball com-
posed of hairs, found in the stomach of the goat :
once used medicinally.
JEgagTopi'lus, -^gagropila.
JEgeir'os, (mynpoj,) Populus.
.ZE'ger, Sick.
JE'giaa, ^'gie, jEg'Ua, JE'gides, (from aiyt^, *a
goat's skill'?) (F.) Aige or Aigle. There is ob-
Bcurity regarding the precise meaning of this
word. It was used to designate an ulcer, or speck
•n the transparent cornea.
Maftro Jean uses it for a calcareous deposit be-
tween the conjunctiva and sclerotica.
iE'gides, iEicias.
£'gilopB, An'cln'lopt, An'kylopa, (sego, and <it\p,
* the eye.') An ulcer at the greater angle of the
eye, which sometimes does not penetrate to the
lachrymal sac, but at others does, and constitute«
fistula lacrymalis.
JEgi'rinon, (from segeiros.) An ointment of
which the fruit or flower of the poplar was an in-
gredient.
.Sl'gis, ^gias.
.Eg'le Mar'melos, (from atyX*?, ' splendor/) Co-
volam.
.Eg'lia, ^gias.
jSl'go, (from at|, gen. atyof, 'a goat.') In com-
position, goat.
JEgoc'eras, (eego, and xepas, * horn/) Trigonella
foenum.
JEgoletli'ron, (tego, and oXXvfu, *to destroy,')
Ranunculus ficaria.
JEgon'ychon, (sego, and ow^, gen. owxos, ' a
hoof,') Lithospermum oflBcinale.
.Egopho'nia, Egophony.
JBgopho'nicus, Egophonic.
JEgopo'dium Podagra'ria, (irgo, and imctav, ' a
little foot,') Ligusticum podagraria.
.Egrip'pa, Agrippa.
.Sgritu'do, gen. JBgritn'dinis, (from te,qer,)
Disease — ae. Ventriculi, Vomiting.
JEgro'tat, (L.) 'he is sick/ (segroto, *I am
sick.') A medical certificate in the English col-
leges, to show that the student is unfit for duty.
.Slgrota'tio, (from feger,) Disease.
.ZEgro'tUS, (from seger,) Sick.
.Sgyp'tia, (AtyvTTTia.) An epithet for several
medicines, mentioned by Galen, Paulus of ^gina,
and Myrepsus.
^gyp'tia Moscha'ta, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
^GYP'tia Stypte'ria, AiyvTTTta arvjrrtjpia, ^-
gyptian alum. Recommended by Hippocrates.
^GYp'tia Ul'cera ; ^gyp'tian ul'cers. Ul-
cers of the fauces and tonsils, described by Are-
taeus, as common in Egypt and Syria.
.Slgypti'acuni, jEgyp'tion, Mende'sion, Mel uE-
gypti'acum, Phar'macnm ^gijpti'acum. A pre-
paration of vinegar, honey, and verdigris, scarcely
used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de-
tergent. See Linimentum ^ruginis.
.Egyp'tion, (Atyvimov,) iEgyptiacum.
.Sgyp'tium Medicameut'um ad Aur'es, Phar-
macum ad aures.
JEgyp'tiuS Pes'suS, ^gyp'tian pes'sary. A
pessary, composed of honey, turpentine, butter,
oil of lily or of rose, and satfron, each one part ;
with sometimes a small quantity of verdigris.
Aei'chryson, Sedum.
Aeig'luces, -^eigluces.
JSipathei'a, (aei, ' ever,' and wo^os, 'disease/) see
Continent (Disease).
Aeipathi'a, see Continent (Disease).
.Smopto'ica Pas'sio, (oj/xa, ' blood,' and imw, ' I
spit,') Haemoptysis.
JEne'a, (sevetis, ' of brass,') Catheter.
.Slolec'thyma, (aioXXu, * I agitate/ ' I varie-
gate ' (?), and ecthyma,) Variola.
.Slol'lion, Varicella.
jEoriium, Varicella.
JE'on, (aiwv.) The entire age of a man from
birth till death. Also, the spinal marrow. See
Medulla Spinalis.
JEone'sis, (atovau, 'I moisten/) Fomentation.
JEo'nion, Sedum.
iEo'ra, (atwpa, from aiwpaa, ' I suspend/) Ges-
tation, swinging.
.ffiqua'lis, Equal.
.ffiqua'tor Oc'uli. The line formed by the uiiiun
of the upper and under eyelid, when they are
closed. It is below the middle of the globe.
.Equiv'ocUB, Equivocal.
Aer, gen. A'ei-is, (arjp,) Air.
Agraffe, Ventilation.
A&ratMnf Ventilation.
Aera'tion of the Blood, Uajmatosis.
Aera'tus, Carbouated.
Ajkr^f Carbouated.
AERENDOCAEDIA
^THER
23
Aerendocar'dia, (F.) Aereudocardie, {aer, and
endocardium.) Presence of air in the endocardi-
um or lining membrane of the heart.
Aerenterecta'sia, {<ter, evrcpoi/, ' intestine/ and
CKraaii, ' dilatation.') Tympanites.
J£re'olum, jEre'olns, Chal'cus, (from a?s, «r?'s,
* brass.') The sixth part of an obolus by weight,
consequently about 2 grains.
.E'resis, {aipenii, ' the removal of any thing.')
A suffix denoting a removal or separation, as
Aphseresis, Disereais, &c,
ASrethtnie, {aer, and tj^/ioi, ' a sieve,') Em-
physema.
A^rethmopneumotiie, see Emphysema of the
Lungs.
Aer'gia, {atoyia, from a, and epyov, 'work.')
Torpor.
AerhaematOX'ia, (F.) A6rhematoxie ; {aer, difxa,
'blood,' and to^ikov, * poison.') Poisoning by the
reception of air into the bloodvessels.
Aerhematoxie, Aerhajmatoxia.
Aerif erous, Aeri/er, (F.) Aeriflre, {aer, and
ferre, 'to carry.') An epithet for tubes which
Bonvey air, as the larynx, trachea, and bron-
chia.
Aeriflux'us, {aer, and Jluere, fluxum, ' to flow.')
The discharge of gas, and the fetid emanations
from the sick. Flatulence.
Aerodermeota'sia, {aer, hp^ia, 'skin,' and
tKTaiii, ' dilatation.') Emphysema.
Aerodiaph'thora, Aerophthora, {aer, and 6id(p-
Bopa, ' corruption.') A corrupt state of the air.
Aeroenterecta'sia, Tympanites.
Aerohydrop'ath,y, AerohydropatM' a,{aer, d^wp,
'water,' and ttu^-oj, ' affection.') A mode of treat-
ing disease, in which air and water are the chief
agents employed.
Aerol'ogy, Aerolog"ia, Aerolog"ice, {aer, and
Xoyof, ' a description.') That part of physics which
treats of the air, its qualities, uses, and action on
the animal economy.
Aeroman'cy, Aeromanti'a, {aer, and fxavrtia,
• divination.') An art in judicial astrology, which
consists in foretelling, by means of the air, or
jubstances found in the atmosphere.
Aeromanti'a, Aeromancy.
Aerom'eli, {aer, and fitXi, 'honey,') Fraxinus
«rnus.
Aeroperitonie, see Tympanites.
Aerophob'ia, {aer, and (()o^oq, 'fear.') Dread of
the air. This symptom often accompanies hy-
drophobia, and sometimes hysteria and other
affections.
Aerophob'icus, Aeroph'obus ; same etymon.
One affected with aerophobia.
Aeroph'obus, Aerophobicus.
Aeroph'thora, {aer, and (pSopuy ' corruption,')
Aerodiaphthora.
Aeropletirie, {aer, and ■n'Xtvpov, 'the side,')
Pneumothorax.
Aeropneunionasie, {aer, and irvtvumv, ' the
lung,') see Emphysema of the Lungs.
Aeropneumanectasie, see Emphysema of the
ILungs.
Aerora'cMa, {aer, and ^«;^£f, ' spine.') Ac-
, cumulation of air in the spine.
Aero'sis, (from aer,) Pneumatosis, Tympanites.
Aerotho'rax, gen. J.cro</to?-a'c/s,Pneumothorax.
jEru'ca, (from ««, seria, ' copper,') Cupri sub-
iicetas.
JEru'ginous, ^rugtno'aua, To' den, {ivrtigo, ' ver-
digris.') (F.) JCrvgiiienx. Resembling verdigris
in color; as the bile when discharged at times
from the stomach.
-Em'go, gen. jEni'ginia, to^, (from sea, seria, 'cop-
per.') The rust of any metal, properly of brass.
Bee Cupri subacetas.
iEau'Go Fer'ri, Ferri subcarbonas — ae. Plum-
bi, Plumbi subcarbonas.
MSf see Cuprum.
iEs'ohoS, (aioxoi-) Deformity of the body gen-
erally, or of some part.
.Es'culus Hippocas'tanum, {esca, 'food,'[?])
Casta' nea equi'na, Puvi'na, Horse-chestnut, Muck-
eye, (F.) Marronier ou Marronier d'Inde. Ord.
Hippocastaneae. Sex. Si/st. Heptandria Mono-
gynia. The bark has been advised as a substi-
tute for cinchona. Both bark and fruit are as-
tringent. Externally, it has been employed, like
cinchona, in gangrene.
^sec'avum, (from pps,) Brass.
^sta'tes, (from ststas, gen. sestatia, 'summer,')
Ephelides.
.ffistlie'ma, gen. ^sthe'matis, {aurdrjua, gen. ata-
dr/iiaroi, 'a sensation, a perception.') See Sensa-
tion and Sensibility. In the plural, ^athe'mata,
the apparatuses of the senses.
JEsthematorogy, uE8thematolog"ia, {seathema,
and Aoyoj, ' a discourse.') The doctrine of, or a
treatise on, the senses, or on the apparatus of the
.ffisthematonu'si, uEsthematorganonu' ai, {seathe-
ma, and vovaoi, ' diseases.') Diseases affecting
sensation.
.ffisthematorganu'si, -ffisthematonusi.
.Slsthesiography, yEatheaiogra'phia, {seatheaia,
and ypniprj, ' a description.') A description of the
sensorial apparatuses.
^sthesiol'Ogy, yEstheaiolog"ia, {seatheaia, and
>oyos, ' a discourse.') The doctrine of, or a trea-
tise on, sensation or the senses.
jEsthesiom'eter, {natheaia, and nerpov, 'meas-
ure.') A measurer of sensation. An instrument
of the beam -compass kind, contrived by Dr.
Sieveking to indicate the distance at which two
points can be distinguished, when brought in
contact with any portion of the cutaneous surface.
.ffisthe'sis, {ataStjais,) Aiathe'sis, {aia^avo/xai, '1
feel.') The faculty of being affected by a sensa-
tion. Perception. Sensibility, as well as the
senses themselves. See Sense.
JBstheSOd'ic, JEathesod'icua, {seatheaia, and o6o%,
'a way.') Having the faculty of conveying sen-
sation. The gray matter of the cord has been
called the seathesodlc substance, because it is the
path of sensory impressions.
.ffisthete'rion, {aia^tjriiptov,) (from seatheaia.)
Sensorium.
JSsthet'ica, (same etymon.) Diseases affect-
ing the sensations. Dullness, depravation or abo-
lition of one or more of the external organs of
sense. The 2d order, class Neurotica, of Good.
Also, agents that effect sensation.
.Esti'vus, {a-ataa, ' summer.') Estiva!.
.ffistua'rium, (from ustm.) Stove.
JEstua'tio, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation.
.Slst'US, gen. ^at'Ha, (' heat,') Ardor.
^st'us Volat'icus. Sudden heat, scorching
or flushing of the face.
JE'tas, gen. jEta'tia, Age — se. Bona, Adoles-
cence — ae. Decrepita, Decrepitude — je. Mala,
Senectus — ae. Provecta, Senectus — ae. Senilis,
Senectus — se. Virilis, Adult age.
.ffi'ther, gen. jE'theris, E'thcr, (from ai^rip, 'the
subtile air of the upper regions,' or from at3w, ' I
burn.') Naph'tha, Li'quor srthe'rena. A vola-
tile liquor obtained by distillation from a mixture
of alcohol and a concentrated acid. See .fflther
sulphuricus, and Ether.
^'ther Ace'ticus, see ^ther Sulphuricus — ae.
Anaestheticus, see J^ther Muriaticus— ae. Chlora-
tus alcoholicus, Spiritus iEtheris muriatici — a).
Chloricus, Chloroform; Ether, chloric — ae. For-
tior. see ^Ether Sulphuricus.
iE'THER Hyduiod'icus, Hydriod'ic^ or lodhy'-
dric E'ther, I'odide of Ethyl, (F.) Ether iodhy-
drique : obtained by mixing alcohol, parts v. ;
iodine, parts x. ; and jihoaphorua, one part, and
distilling. It is us^fMl for iodine inhalation,
^'toer Hydrobko'micus, Ether, Hydrobromio.
24
.ETHER
iETIOLOGIA
^'ther Hydrochlo'ricus, ^ther muriaticus.
^'ther Hydhocyan'icus, -A\ Prm'aicuH, Hy-
drocyaii'ic, or Prua'sic E'tlter, Hijdrovij'anate
or Cy'anide of Ethylen, Cyau'uret if Eth'ylf(F.)
Ether Hydrocymique, has been advised in whoop-
ing-cough, and where the hydrocyanic acid is in-
dicated. Dose, 6 drops.
^'ther Ligno'sus, Acetone — se. Martialis,
Tinctura sulphurico-ajtherca ferri.
jE'ther Muriat'icus, JE. Hydrochlo'ricus, Mu-
riat'ic, Chlorohy'dn'c or Marine' E'ther, Mu'riate
of Eth'ylen, Chlo'ride of Eth'yl. This ether, on
account of its volatility, can only be kept in cool
places. It has the properties of the other ethers,
and when used is generally mixed with an equal
bulk of alcohol. It has been employed as an
anaesthetic. See -/Ether Sulphurlcus.
A Ghlo'rinated Chlorohy'dric or Muriatic E'ther,
jEther muriat'icus trichlora'tus, jEther ainesthet'-
icus, (F.) Ether Ghlorhydriqne chlorS, formed by
the action of Chlorine on Ghlorohydric Ether, has
been introduced into practice as a local ausesthetic.
^'ther Muriat'icus Alcohol'icus, Spiritus
aetheris muriatiei — ae. Muriaticus trichloratus,
see ^ther muriaticus — se. Nitrieo-alcoholicus,
Spiritus aetheris nitrici — as. Nitricus, see jEther
sulphuricus — £e. Nitricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus
aetheris nitrici — £e. Nitrosus, Ether, Nitrous, see
^ther Sulphuricus — ae. Phosphoratus, see ^ther
Sulphuricus — ae. Prussicus, ^ther Hydrocyan-
icus — ae. Purus, see ^Ether Sulphuricus — se.
Pyro-aceticus, Acetone.
^'ther Sulphu'ricus, JE'ther (Ph. U. S.), ^.
Vitriol' icus, Naph'tha Vitri'oli seu Sulphu'riea,
Ojleum jritri'ole diil'ce, S'tlphu'ric E'ther, (F.)
Ether, Ether sidfurique, vitrvdique ou hydratique.
Ether prepared from sulphuric acid and alcohol.
uE'ther rectifica'tus, Rec'tlfied E'ther, prepared
by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of sulphuric
ether, f 5xiv., fused potassa, ^ss., and distilled
water, t^ij., is a limpid, colorless, very inflam-
mable volatile liquid ; of a penetrating and fra-
grant odor, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g. is
0-732.
^'ther Sulphu'ricus, Sulphu'ric E'ther of the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1842), ^ther
of succeeding editions, is formed from stronger
alcohol, Ovi., sulphuric acid, ^^xxxvi., potassa,
gr. ccclx., distilled tvater, f.^iij., distilling and
redistilling according to the process there laid
down. The specific gravity of this ether is 0*750.
^'ther For'tior (Ph. U. S.), ^'ther Purus,
(Ph. Br., 1867), Strong'er E'ther, Pure Ether, is
made by agitating ether with chloride of calcium,
lime, and an equal quantity of water ; decanting
the ether after standing, and distilling off half the
amount of the ether used. Its s. g. is 0-728.
Used for inhalation as an anaesthetic.
Ether is a diffusible stimulant, narcotic and
antispasmodic, and is, externally, refrigerant.
Dose, gtt. XXX. to f^iss. It has been prescribed
internally also in the form of capsules — Pearls
of ether — or externally, by shaking up with white
of egg, in the form of gelatinized ether. When it
is inhaled, it is found to be a valuable anaesthetic
agent, and is employed with advantage in spas-
modic affections, and in surgical operations, or,
externally, as a local anaesthetic, in the form of
ether spray. See Anaesthetic.
The Parisian Codex had an uE'ther ace'ticus,
Naph'tha Ace'ti, (F.) lather acitique ; an jEther
muriat'icua seu hifdrochln'ricus, (F.) Ether chlor-
hjjdrique ; an jElher ni'tricus seu nitro'stis, (F.)
Ether nitrique ou uitreux ou azoteux ; and an
/Ether phhsphora'tus. They all possess similar
virtues. See Anjesthetic.
jE'thkr Suli'hii'hkmh Ac"idt'S, Elixir acidum
Hallori — ae. Suijfhuricus cum al<;<>hole, Spiritus
8Btheri« sulphurici — ae. Sulphuricus cum alfcoholo
aromatious, Spiritus tctheris aromatious.
^'ther Terebinthina'tus, Terebinth' inaif^d
ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of
alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine,
with two pounds of concentrated nitric acid, and
distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat,
is employed externally and internally in biliary
calculi, rheumatism, <tc. Dose, 20 to 40 drops,
in honey or yolk of egg.
^'ther Vitriol'icus, ^ther sulphuricus.
.ffithe'rea Her'ba, Eryngium maritimum.
iEthe'real, jEthe'reus, Ethe'real, Ethe'reous,
(F.) Ethere, (from either.) An ethereal tincture,
(F.) Teinture etheree, Etherole, is one formed by
the action of sulphuric ether, at the ordinary
temperature, on medicinal substances. An ethe-
real is a volatile oil. See Olea Volatilia.
^the'reo-oleo'sa (Remedia), (from sethero-
leum, 'a volatile oil.') Remedies, whose properties
are dependent upon the volatile oil they contain.
.ZEtherisa'tio, Etherization,
^ffitherisa'tus, Etherized,
^therism'us, Etherism.
JEthero'lea, Olea volatilia.
^thiop'icus La'pis, Ethiopian stone. A stone
formerly supposed to be possessed of considerable
virtue.
,£tMopifi.Ca'tio, ^thiojiopoe'sis, jEthiopism'ns,
Ethiopia' sis, {jEthiops, and facere, 'to make.')
The mummy-like coloring of the skin, induced
at times by the use of mercurial ointment, and
seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic.
.ffithiopio'sis, iEthiopiticatio.
.ffithi'opis, Salvia sclarea.
.Ethiopism'us, ^thiopificatio.
.Ethiopopoe'sis, {irou(>>, ' I make,') ^thiopi-
•ficatio.
.E'tMops, gen. JEthi'opis, (ai^io, 'I burn,' and
w\l/, 'countenance.') A black or burnt counte-
nance. The ancients gave this name to certain
black oxides and eulphurets of metals.
^'thiops Alb'us, Albino — ae. Alcalisatus, Hy-
drargyrum cum cretS, — a. Animal, see Choroidea
Tunica.
.^'thiops Martia'lis, Mar'tial E'thiops, Fer'ri
Deutox'ydum ni'grum, Oxidvm Ferroso ferricnm,
(F.) Oxide Noir de Fer. The black deutoxide
of iron : once in repute as a tonic. See Oxidum
Ferri nigrum.
jE'thiops Mercurialis, Hydrargyri sulphur-
etum nigrum — ae. Mineralis, Hydrargyri sul-
phuretum nigrum — ae. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri
sulphuretum nigrum — 83. per se, Hydrargyri
oxidum cinereum — ae. Saccharatus, Hydrargy-
rum saccharatum — ae. Yegetabilis, see Fucus
vesiculosus.
.ffithol'lces, (a(^oAt<f£f, pi. of (u^o\i^, from «i^w,
'I burn,' and ^Xtoj, 'the sun.') Fiery pustules
on the skin. Some have considered them to have
been hoiU.
JEthu'sa, (from a(5w, * I burn,') Ammi, Sison
ammi.
^^THU'SA Cyna'piuw, FooVs Pars'ley, (F.)
Ethuse, Faux Persil, Cigue Petite. Family, Um-
bellifera\ Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A
poisonous plant, which has been mistaken for
true parsley, producing nausea, vomiting, head-
ache, giddiness, sopor, and at times fatal results.
It resembles conium in its action.
^tiiu'sA Me'um, Me'vm, M. Athaman'ticum
seu Anethifo'lium, Athaman'ta Me'um, Ligun'-
ticum Capilla'ceum seu Me'um, Ses'eli Me'um,
Me'u, Padix ursi'na, Spignel, Baldmomy, (F.)
Ethuie Mhim. The root has been advised as
carminative, stomachic, &c.
.E'tia, (aiTia,) Cause.
Agti'oi Phleb'es, {atnoi <pXepti, 'eagle veins,')
Temporal veins.
JGtiolog"ia, ^tinl'ngy, EtioVogy, Aitinlog' i",
(atria, 'cause,' and Aor^, * a discourse.') The I'.oc-
trine of the causes of d.^^cuso.
^TION
AGARIC
25
JSl'tion, {atriov,) Cause.
^ti'tes, or Aeti'tes, (aerog, ' an eagle/) Eagle-
0tone, (F.) Pierre d'Aiyle, Hydrate de tritoxide de
fer. This stone was formerly supposed to facili-
tate delivery, if bound on the thigh; and to pre-
vent abortion, if bound on the arm. It was also
called La'pii Col'lymns.
^to'lion, Cnidia grana.
Af, as a prefix, see Ad.
Af'fadil, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
Affadissenient, (F.) {fade, 'insipid.') That
•ondition of the digestive function in which the
appetite is diminished, the sense of taste blunted,
and the action of the stomach enfeebled; a state
usually accompanied by general languor.
A-ffaibUssement, (from faible, ' weak,') As-
thenia.
Affaires, Menses.
AJfaissementf {af, and faix, 'weight,') Col-
lapsus.
Affect', see Affections.
Affec'tio, gen. Affectio'nis, {afjUcio or affectare,
— ad and facere, — * to move or influence.')
Affection — a. Arthritica Cordis, Cardiagra — a.
Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis — a. Hysterica,
Hysteria — a. Sarmatioa, Plica — a. Tympanitica,
Tympanites.
Affec'tion, Affec'tio. Any mode in which the
mind or body is affected or modified.
Affection Polyurique, Lithuria — a. Typho'ide,
see Typhus — a. Vaporeuae, Hypochondriasis.
Affectio'nes Anlmi, Affections of the mind.
Affections de I'Aine, Affections of the mind.
Affec'tions of the Mind, Affec'tus seu Passio'-
ties seu Affectio'nes seu Gonquaaaalio' nea seu Con-
fuaio'nes seu Turbatio'nea seu Pertiirbatio' nea
an'imi, (F.) Affectiona de I'dme, include not only
the different passions, as love, hatred, jealousy,
Ac, but every condition of the mind that is ac-
companied by an agreeable or disagreeable feel-
ing, as pleasure, fear, sorrow, &g.
In Pathology, Affection, Affect', Pa'thoa, Pathe'-
ma, is synonymous with disease: thus we speak
of a. pulmonary affection, ajcalciiloua affection, Ac.
Affec'tive. That which affects, touches, <fec.
Gall gives the term affective facultiea, (F.) Fac-
ultea offectivea, to functions dependent upon the
organization of the brain, comprising the senti-
ments, affections, «fcc.
Affec'tus, gen. -4./fec'«{i«, Passion — a. Animi,
Affections of the mind — a. Faucium pestilens,
Cynanche maligna — a. Hyderodes, Hydrops —
a. Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum, Neuralgia,
facial.
Afferent, Af'ferena, Ad'vehena, Cenfrip' etal,
Eaod'ic, (from affero, — ad and /ero, *I carry,'
— 'I bring.') Conveying inwards, as from the
periphery to the centre. The vessels which con-
vey the lymph or chyle to the lymphatic glands,
are called afferent or inferent, vaaa afferen' tia seu
inferen'tia. Also, nerves that convey impressions
towards the nervous centres — nervi entobsenon'tea.
Af'fion, Aff^'inin, Of'finnu Opium. See Papa-
ver. The Bantamese thus designate an electuary
of which opium is the basis, and which they use
as an excitant. M. Aubergier calls the indigenous
opium, prepared by him in France, Affium.
Affla'tUS, gen Affla'ttLa, Adfla'tua, Epipnoi'a,
{af and Jlare, Ho blow.') Any air that strikes
the body and produces disease.
Affluence, AfjUix, (from affiuere, — af, and
fiuere, 'to flow,' — 'to flow to.') A flow or deter-
mination of humors, and particularly of blood,
towards any part.
Afflux, Afiluence.
Afflux'us, gen. Affiux'tta, Fluxion.
Affrodile, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
Affronternent, see Affronter.
Affronter, (F.) {af, smd frona, gen. frontis,
'front.') To bring together. To approximate
the edges of a wound as close as possible. The
action is termed affronternent.
Affu'sio, gen. Aff'uaio'nia, {ad, and fundere,
fnaum, ' to pour.') Afl'usion — a. Frigida, see Af-
fusion — a. Orbicularis, Placenta.
Affu'sion, Aff'u'aio, Proa'chyaia, Epich'yaia.
The action of pouring a liquid on any body. Af-
fnaiona, lihyptolu' siw, cold and warm, are used in
different diseases. The cold affusion, Affu'sio seu
Perfu'aio frig"ida, is said to have been beneficirJ
in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina, if
used during the first days. It consists in placing
the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water over
him; then wiping him dry, and putting him to
bed. The only precaution necessary is, to use it
in the state of greatest heat and exacerbation ;
not when chilliness, or topical inflammation, is
present.
Af'ium, Opium, see Papaver.
Afterbirth, Secundines.
Af terburthen, Secundines.
Afterdamp, see Hydrogen, carburetted.
Afterpains, see Pains, labor.
Ag, in composition, see Ad.
Agacement, (F.) (from aKaC,ttv, 'to sharpen.')
The setting on edge.
Agacement des Dents. A disagreeable sen-
sation experienced when acids are placed in con-
tact with the teeth. Tooth-edge. Setting the
teeth on edge.
Agacement des Nerfs. A slight irritation of
the system, and particularly of the organs of
sense and locomotion, corresponding nearly to the
English Fid'geta. The painful restlessness of the
lower extremities, occasionally witnessed, in ner-
vous affections more especially, has been termed
anxi'etaa tibia'rum.
A'gah, Intermittent Fever.
Agalacta'tio, Agalactia.
Agaiac'tia, {a, and yaXa, gen. ya>a»croj, 'milk.')
Agalax'ia, Agalac'iio, Agalacta'tio, Defec'tua
lac'tis, OUgoga'iia, Oligogalac'tia, (F.) Agalaxie,
Absence of milk in the mammae.
Agalax'ia, Agalactia.
Agalaxie, Agalactia.
Agal'loohum, {ayaWo')(ov, from ayaXXd), 'I deco-
rate,') Cakunbac, Calnmbouk, Lig'nnni Agal' lochi
ve'ri seu Al'oea seu Aapal'atki, Xylodloea, Al'oea-
wood. A resinous and very aromatic wood of the
East Indies, from Excpeca'ria Agal'locha, Cynome'-
tra Agal' lochum, Aloex'ylon Agal'lochum. Used
in making pastiles, &c., according to Dioscorides,
Oribasius, and Paulus.
Ag'amous, (a, and yaynu), 'I marry.') See
Cryptogamous.
Aganos'takis, see Ophthalmoscope.
Ag'aric, Agar'icum, Agar' icua, A genus of
plants in the Linnaean system, some of which are
edible, others poisonous. (It is supposed to have
been called ayapucov from Agaria, a town and re-
gion of , Sarmatia,) — Dioscorides. Among the
edible varieties of the Boletus, the following are
the chief: — 1. The Agar'icun edu'lis seu Arven'^
aia seu Sylvat'icus seu Campca'tria, (F.) Agarii
comeatihle. Champignon de couche. 2. The Agar'-
icua odora'tua, (F.) Mouaaeron. The most com-
mon poisonous varieties are the Agar'icua veca'-
tor, (F.) Agaric meurtrier ; and, 3. The Agaricui
a'cris, (F.) Agaric acre ; besides the Auranite, a
sub-genus, which includes several species. On<
of the most delicate is the Agaricus Atiranti'aciis,
but care must be taken not to confound it wit!
the A. Pseudoaurantiacna, which is very poison'
ous. The A. aurantiacus is called, in French^
Oronge. See Boletus.
Agaric dcre, see Agaric — a. Amadouvier,
Boletus laricis — a. Blanc, Boletus laricis--
a. de Chene, Boletus igniarius — a. Comestible, seu
Agaric — a. Edulis, see Agaric — a. Female
Boletus igniarius — a. Meurrrier, see Agaric
£6
AGARICUM
AGNATHIA
— a. Necator, see Agaric — a. of the Oak, Boletus
iguiariua — a. Odorant, Daedalea suaveolens — a.
Odoratus, see Agaric — a. Optimus, Boletus
laricis — a. White, Boletus laricis.
Agar'icam, Agaric, Boletus igniarius.
Agar'icus, Agaric, Boletus igniarius — a. Al-
bus, Boletus laricis — a. Arvensis, see Agaric —
a. Aurantiacus, see Agaric, Amanitaj, Bolites — a.
AuriculaBforma, Peziza auricula — a. Campestris,
see Agaric — a. Chirurgoruni, Boletus igniarius —
a. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius — a. Laricis, Bole-
tus laricis — a. Pseudo-aurantiacus, see Agaric,
Amanitae — a. QuercHs, Boletus igniarius — a.
Sylvaticus, see Agaric.
Agar'ified, see Feverish.
Agastroner'via, (F.) Agastronenne, (n, yaarrjp,
* stomach,* and vevfMv, ' nerve.') Want of nervous
action in the stomach.
Agasyl'lis Gal'banum, (ayaauAAts,) Bubon gal-
banum.
Ag'athis Damar'ra, (from ayaSn, *a clew of
thread,') Pinus damarra.
Agathosm'a Crena'ta, (aya^oj, 'good,' and
»aiu], 'odor.') Diosma crenata.
Agath'otes Chirayi'ta, {aya^ortji, * goodness,')
Gentiana Chirayta.
Aga've America'na, (corr. from ayavos, ' admi-
rable,') A. Ramo'sa, Amer'ican Ag'tive, Amer'-
ican al'oe, Maguey. Nat. Ord. Bromeliaceaj.
Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. This plant
has been considered diuretic and antisyphilitic.
The favorite drink of the Mexicans — Pulque —
is the fermented juice of the plant.
Aga've Ramo'sa, A. Americana.
Aga've Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's mae'ter, False
al'oe, — grows in the Southern States. The root
is very bitter. It has been used in tincture as a
carminative in oolio j and as a remedy for bites
of serpents.
Age, Heli'kia, ^'tas ; (of uncertain etymon.)
Period of life. Time that has elapsed since birth,
&c. Five ages are often designated in the life of
man : 1. First infancy (In/an'tia) ; 2. Second
infancy {Puerit"ia) ; 3. Adolescence {Adoles-
cen'tia); 4. The adult or virile age ( Viril'itas,
^tas viri'lis, (F.) Virilite ; 6. Old age, (Old
Eng.) Elth, (Senec'ttis.)
Age de Metour, (F.) ('age of return.') The
time of life when the vital powers begin to be
diminished, as at the approach of old age. See
Menses.
Agenei'os, {ayevaos, from a, and yeveiov, ' beard.')
Imberbls.
Affvnesie, Agenesis.
Agen'esis, (a, and ytvtmi;, 'generation,') (F.)
Ageuesie. Imperfect development of any part of
the body ; as cerebral agenesis, i. e. imperfect
development of the brain in the foetus. See
Monster.
Agenne'sia, {ayewttma,) Impotence, Sterilitas.
Agenne'sis, Impotence, Sterilitas.
Agenoso'mus, (a, ytwaw, ' I generate,' and
irw/ia, ' body.') A malformation in which the
fissure and eventration are chiefly in the lower
part of the abdomen ; the urinary or sexual appa-
ratus absent, or very rudimentary.
AgetiH Mttrhlflqtu'H. See Agent — a. ThSra-
peittiqneM, Bcc Agent.
A'gent, A' gens, {agere, 'to act.') Any power
which produces, or tends to produce, an effect on
the human body. Morbific agents, (F.) Agena
morbi/it/ues, are the causes of disease ; — thera-
peutical agents, (F.) Agena therapcutiques, the
means of treating it.
A'ger Natu'ree, ' field of nature,' Uterus.
A^era'sia, Instnest-rn'tia, (a, and y^pas, 'old
age. ) A vigorous and green old age.
Age'ratum, (nytJimToi',) Achillea ageratum — a.
AltiBsimuin, Eupjitorium ageratoides.
Age'ratuB La'pis, [aytipans h&of.) A stone used
by cobblers to polish shoes. It was formwlj
esteemed discutient and astringent.
Ages, Palm.
Ageus'ia, (a, and ycvms, ' taste,*) Ageustia.
Ageust'i*"., [aytvoTia,) Agheua'tia, Ageuaia, Apo^
geus'tia, Apogeu'sis, Dyssesthe'aia gustato'ria, Par^
ageu'sis. Diminution or loss of taste, Anseathe' ait-
lingnsr, P'^.u Gustatoria.
Agglom'erate, Agglomera'tua, (from agglome-
rare, — ag, and glomerare, ' to wind up yarn in a
ball,' — ' to collect together.') Applied to tumors
or glands in aggregation.
Agglu'tinant, Agglu'tinans, Collet'icua, Glu'-
tinans, {ag, and gluten, 'glue,) (F.) Agglutinnnt,
Agglutinatif, Glutinatif, Culletlque. Remedies
were formerly so called, which were considered
capable of uniting divided parts.
Plasters are called agglvtinanta, (F.) aggluti-
natifa, which adhere strongly to the skin. Cer-
tain bandages are likewise so termed; (F.) Ban-
delettea agglutinativea.
Agglu'tinate, Agglutma're. The French use
the word agglutiner in the sense of 'to reunite;'
as agglutiner lea l^vrea d'tine plaie, ' to reunite the
lips of a wound.'
Agglutinatif^ Agglutinant.
Agglutina'tio, Agglutination, Coition.
Agglutina'tion, Agglutina'tio, Colle'aia, Epi-
colle'sis, Proacolle'aia, Glutina'tio. The first de-
gree of adhesion. Also, the action of agglutinants.
Agglutiner, To agglutinate.
Ag'gregate, Aggrega'tus, (from aggregare, — ag,
and gregare, — ' to flock together,' ' to assemble to-
gether.') Glands are called aggregate which are
in clusters. See Peyeri Glandulae. Aggregate
pills, (F.) Pilules agregatives, signified, formerly,
those which were believed to contain the proper-
ties of a considerable number of medicines, and
to be able to supply their place.
Agheust'ia, Ageustia.
Aghoul, Agul.
Agiaha'lid or Agiha'lid or Agraha'lid. An
Egyptian and Ethiopian shrub, similar to Xime'-
nia. The Ethiopians use it as a vermifuge. The
fruit is purgative.
Agiha'lid, Agiahalid.
Agissant, {agir, 'to act.') Active.
Agita'tion, Agita'tio, Done' sis. (ngere, 'to act.-')
Constant and fatiguing motion of the body, Tyr'-
be, Tyrba'sia, Iii'quies, — or distressing mental
inquietude, — An'imi agita'tio.
Agitato'rius, Convulsive.
Ag'lithes, see Allium.
Aglotmlie, see Anaemia.
Aglos'sia, {ay\(jjaaia, from a, and yXuaaa, 'the
tongue.') Aglott'ia. A malformation, which con-
sists in the want of a tongue.
Aglossos'toma, gen. Aglossoatom'atis, (aglossia,
and aroiJLa, * mouth.') A mouth without a tongue.
AglOSSOStomog'raphy, Agloasostomogra'pkia,
(a, yXuiaaa, 'the tongue,' (rrofia, * the mouth,' and
ypa^M, * I describe.') Description of a mouth
without a tongue.
Aglot'tia, (ayXuTTia,) Aglossia.
Aglutifion, Aglutit"io, (a, and glutire, 'to
swallow.') A hybrid term, designating impossi-
bility of swallowing.
Ag'ma, gen. Ag'matia, {ayfia,) Fracture.
Agmatolog"ia, {agma, and \oyoi, 'a descrip-
tion.') The doctrine of fractures. A treatise on
fractures.
Ag'm6, FraRture.
Ag'mina Digito'rum Ma'nus, (agmen, ag-
ininis, 'a phalanx or troop.') Phalanges of tho
fingers — a. Menibrana, Amnion.
Ag'minated Glands, Peyer's glands.
Ag'nail, Hangnail.
Agna'thia, (a, and yvadoi, *jaw.') A malfor
mation, which consists in the want of the jaw,
especially of the lower.
AGNINA
AGUE
2V
Agni'na Membra'na, {agnus, ' a lamb.') Am-
nion.
Aguoe'a, Agnoia.
Agnoi'a, {ayvoia, from a, and yjvaw^fw, * I know/)
Af/iKje'a. State of a patient who does not recog-
nize individuals.
Ag'nus Cast'us, (ayvos,) Vitex.
Ago'gS, {ayioyt], from ayta, 'I lead/ or 'drive.')
The order or condition of a disease. Likewise
the state of the air.
Agogue', {ayiayos, ' a leader.') A suffix. Hence
Chola<jogue, a leader or expeller of bile j Hydra-
gogue, <fcc.
Agomphi'asis, Agompho'ais, (o, and yonpu,
* I nail.') Looseness of the teeth. See Gomphi-
asis.
Agompho'sis, Agomphiasis.
A'gon, {ayiav, 'a, combat.') Agony.
Ag'onet ^froal agonoa ; being supposed to cause
iterility.) Hyoscyamus.
Agoa'ia, (ayona,) Agony, {ayavia,) Sterilitas.
Agon^ia Bark, Plumifera lancifolia.
Agonism'a, gen. Agonism'atia, Agony.
Agonism'us, Agony.
Agouis'tica, {ayoiv, 'a combat.') The part of
ancient gymnastics, which had reference to the
combats of the Athletae.
Also, very cold water, given internally to calm
febrile heat.
Agoni'zans, Psychorages.
Ag'onos, {ayovos, from a, and yovos, 'seed.')
Sterile.
Ag'ony, Agon'ia, A'gon, Agonta'ma, Agonia'-
mna, Moeh'thua, Mo'gua, P8ychorag"ia, Paychor-
rhag"ia, An'gor, Throe, Throw, (Sc.) Deadthraw,
Patient of death ; {aymv, *a combat.') The last
struggle of life. The agony, which is of longer
or shorter duration, is characterized by great
change in the features, gradual abolition of sensa-
tion and motion, loss of voice, dryness or lividity
of the tongue and lips, rattling in the throat,
small and intermittent pulse, and coldness of the
extremities. This state is not present in those
who die suddenly. See Facies Hippocratica.
Agos'tus, {ayooTog, from ayii), ' I lead.') The
forearm from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the
palm of the hand. See Palm.
A'gra, {aypa, from aypeu, ' I seize hold of.') A
seizure, "as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache ;
Chiragra, Podagra, &c.
Agrafe de Valentin. A kind of forceps with
parallel branches, employed by Valentin in the
operation for harelip, to affect the approximation
of the edges of the wound.
Agraha'lid, Agiahalid.
Agraph.'ia, {a, and ypa(ptiv, 'to describe, to
write.') A form of cerebral disorder, in which
there is, as in aphasia, as regards speech, a total
or partial inability to express ideas by written
symbols. See Aphasia.
Agremie, {agra, and aina, 'blood.') The al-
tered condition of the blood in gout.
A'gria, {aypioi, ' wild.') See Herpes, and Li-
chen agrius.
Agriam'pelos, (aypiafirnXos, from aypios, ' wild,'
and a/iTTeXoff, ' vine.') Bryonia alba.
Agrle, (from aypa, 'a seizure.') Gout.
Agrielco'sis, {aypio^, ' wild/ and iXKu>ais, 'ulcer-
ation.') A malignant ulceration.
Agrifo'lium, Ilex aquifolium.
Agrimo'nia, (corrupted from Argemone.[?])
Agrimony — a. Eupatoria, Agrimony — a. Odorata,
Agrimony — a. Officinalis, Agrimony.
Agrimo'nia Parviflo'ra, Small flow'ered or
Sweet-acented Ag'rrmony. Indigenous ; has similar
properties to A. Eupatoria. See Agrimony.
Ag'rimony, Agrimo'nia, A. enpato'ria seu
odora'ta seu officina'lia, Caf'al, Lup'pida hepat'-
ica, Gocklehur, Stick' wort, (F.) Aigremoine. Ord.
Rosaceae. Sex. Syat. Icosandria Digynia. A mild
astringent and stomachic. Dose, in powder, from
BJ- to 3J.
Ag'rimony, Hemp, Eupatorium cannabinum —
a. Small-flowered, Agrimonia parviflora — a.
Sweet-scented, Agrimonia parviflora.
A'griocast'anum, (ayptoi, 'wild, and Kaaravop,
' chestnut.') Bunium bulbocastanum, Lycoperdon
tuber.
A'griocin'ara, (aypiog, ' wild,' and Kivapa, ' arti-
choke.') Sempervivum tectorum.
A'griococcime'lea, {aypios, 'wild/ kokkos, 'a
berry/ and (irjXov, ' an apple.') Prunus spinosa.
A'griorig'anum, {aypiopiyavoi>, from ayptog,
'wild,' and opiyavov, 'marjoram.') Origanum
majorana.
A'grioseli'nnm, (aypioaeXtvov, from aypios, 'wild,'
and aeXiwv, ' parsley.') Smyrnum olusatrum.
A'griothym'ia, {aypios, 'wild/ and ^w/«oj, 'dis-
position.') Ferocious insanity.
A'gripalm'a GaPlis, {aypios, 'wild/ and pa?ma,
'palm.') Leonurus cardiaca.
Agrip'pa, ^grip'pa, (from teg er partus, 'diffi-
cult birth;' or perhaps from aypa, 'taking or
seizure,' and irovs, ' the foot.') This term has been
given to those born by the feet. It is pretended
that the family of Agrippa obtained their name
from this circumstance. Parturition, where the
feet present, is called Agrip'pse par'tus, Agrippi'-
niia par'tua.
Agrippse Par'tus, see Agrippa.
Agrippi'nus Par'tus, see Agrippa.
Agro di Cedro, see Citrus medica.
Agrop'yrum Laevis'simum, {aypos, 'a field/
and Tivpos, ' wheat.') Triticum repens.
Agrostem'ma Githa'gO, gen. Agroatem'matia,
(from aypos, 'a field,' and arifi/ia, 'a garland/)
Lychnis githago.
Agrost'is, (aypuKTTis, 'grass;' from aypos, 'a
field.') Bryonia alba — a. Verticillata, Andro-
pogon muricatus.
Agru'na, Prunus spinosa.
Agrune'la, Prunus spinosa.
Agryp'nia, {aypvnvia, from ayptos, 'wild,* and
virvos, ' sleep.') Insomnia.
Agrypnoco'ma, gen. Agrypnoco'matiay {agryp-
nu8 and coma.) Coma vigil.
Agrypno'des, (from aypvKvos, 'sleepless/ and
odea.) Characterized by sleeplessness, as Fe'hria
Agrypno'des, a fever accompanied with sleepless-
ness.
Agrypnot'io, Agrypnoticus, Anthypnotie.
Agryp'nus, {aypv-mos, from aypios, 'wild/ and
v-Kvos, ' sleep.') Sleepless, vigilant.
Agua de Vemga, see Verugas.
Aguardiente, {Q.) {'hot yfni^Y.') Brandy. See
also Spirit — a. de Italia, see Spirit — a. de Piaeo,
see Spirit.
A'gue, (from Gothic agia, 'trembling.') [?]
Intermittent fever; often used in the same sense
as chill or rigor.
A'gue and Fe'ver, Intermittent fever.
A'gue, Brassfound'ers'. A series of morbid
phenomena, resembling ague, in those who are
exposed to the fumes of deflagrating zinc in bras*
foundries.
A'gue, Brow, see Neuralgia, facial.
A'gue Cake, Placen'ta fehri'lia seu eple'nica,
Phyaco'nia aple'nica, Sple'tn'a Tu'mor, Hypertro-
phia Miaamatica Lienie, (F.) Gateau febrile.
A visceral obstruction — generally in the spleen —
which follows agues, and is distinctly felt by ex-
ternal examination. To a greater or less degree,
it is not uncommon.
A'gue, Dead, see Fever, masked.
A'gue Drop, Taste'less, Liquor arsenicalis.
A'gue, Dumb, see Fever, masked — a. Face,
Neuralgia, facial.
A'gue, Free, Laurus sassafras — a. Grass,
Aletris farinosa.
A'gue, Leap'ing, see Leaping ague.
28
AGUE
A'gue Plant. A term applied to transparent
cottony flocks in the urine, scarcely visible to the
naked eye, said to be developed in the organism
of intermittent fever patients.
A'guk Poi'son, see Intermittent fever — a. Quar-
tan, Quartan— a. Root, Aletris farinosa — a. Ter-
tian, Tertian fever — a. Third-day, Tertian.
A'gue Tree, Laurus sassafras — a. Weed, Eu-
patorium perfoliatum.
Agu'ios, (a, and yviov, 'limb.') Mutilated or
wanting limbs. Weak, feeble.
A'gui, Ay'houl, Alha'yl, Hedysa'rum alhagi.
A thorny shrub of Persia and Mesopotamia, which
affords manna. The leaves are purgative.
Aguomada, Plumeria lancifolia.
Ag3rr'ias, {ayvpn, 'a collection.') Opacity of
the crystalline. Cataract.
Agyr'ta, {ayopriji, from ayvpis, ' a crowd.') For-
merly, a stroller who pretended to supernatural
powers. Subsequently, a quack or illiterate pi-e-
tender. — See Charlatan.
Agyr'tia, {ayvpna,) Charlatanry.
Ano'ra, (a, privative, and wpa, 'youth.') Tardy
development of the organs : the opposite to JJy-
perho'ra.
Ahouai, Thevetia ahouai.
Ahu'sal, Orpiment.
Ahyp'nia, («, and virvoi, ' sleep.') Insomnia.
^t, Lai, (F.) A Gascon name for a tumefaction
of the fibro-synovial coulisses of the tendons in
general, but most frequently noticed in the course
of the external radial tendons of the abductor
longus, and extensor brevis poUicis. It is accom-
panied by a peculiar crepitation ; (F.) Teitalgie
or Tenosynite cr^pitante. — Velpeau.
Aiatdt, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
Aide, (F.) Ad'JHtor min'ister. An aid or as-
sistant to a surgeon in his operations.
Aido'ici, Gennetici.
Aidoioma'nia, {ai6oia, 'genital organs,' and
mania.) Nymphomania.
Aier'sa, Iris Germanica.
Aige, ^gias.
Aigle, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Near the city
of this name, in Normandy, is the chalybeate
spring of St. Xantin, much used in the 16th and
17th centuries.
Aigle, ^gias.
Aigre, (acer, 'sharp.') Acidulous — a. Voix.
See Acid.
Aigrelet, (from aeer, 'sharp.') Acidulous.
Aigrette, (from acer, 'sharp.') Rumex aceto-
Bus, see Typha latifolia.
Aigrenudtie, Agrimony.
Aigreurs, Acidities.
Aigu, Acute.
Aigues-Bonues, see Bonnes.
Aigues-Caudes, Min'eral Wa'ters of, Aigties-
chaudes, Eaux chaudes, Aquie cal'idie. Sulphur-
ous springs, about six miles from Bonnes, Basses
Pyrenees, in France: five in number, the temper-
ature of which is respectively about 70°, 81°, 92°,
93°, and 95°. They are visited from the first of
July to November.
AlguPH-CImtules, see Aigues-Caudes.
Aiguille, (from dim. of acus.) Needle — a. d
Acupuncture, see Needle, acupuncture — a. d Ap-
pareil, see Needle — a. d Bee de li^ure, see Nee-
dle, harelip — a. d Cataracte, see Needle, cataract
• — a. d Cuntre-ouvertnre, see Needle for a coun-
tcropening, and Needle, Seton — a. de Deschamps,
see Needle, Deschamps' — a. Engain^e, see Needle
for a counteropening — «. d Elstule, see Needle,
fistula — a. d Gaine, see Needle for a counteropen-
ing — a. d ligature, see Needle, ligature — a. d
Manche.ROQ Noodle, Deschamps' — a d Siton, see
Needle, Seton — a. d Suture, see Noedlo, suture.
AlguiU4tn, (F.) (from acua.), Spi'na flclmon'tii.
term used since tho time of Van Helmont to
Hjato the proximate cause of inflammation,
ig to him, an iuilamcd part is in the same
/'
AIR
condition as if an aiguillon or thorn were thrusi
into it.
Aiguiser, (from aigu, ' sharp.') To acidulate.
Ail, Allium.
Ail, (from (Sax.) ai^lian, 'to be sick.') Dis-
ease.
Ailan'thus Glandulo'sa, Chinese'- Su'mach,
Tree of Heaven, (from aylnnto, an Amboyna word^
signifying ' tree of heaven.') A tree, a native
of China, but well known in the United States as
a shade-tree. Ord. Xanthoxylacesc. Its flowers
have a strong peculiar odor. The powdered
bark, in doses of eight or ten grains, has been
used as an anthelmintic.
Ailan'tus Excel'sa. A tree of India and Cey-
lon, whose bark resembles quassia in its bitter
tonic properties.
Aile, Ala. See Aileron.
Aileron,, (F.) Eoctre'ma A'la seu Pin'nuLi,
(dim. of aile, ' a wing.') The extremity of the
wing of a bird, to which the great feathers are
attached.
Ailerons de la Matrice. Three folds at the
base of the broad ligaments of the uterus, which
are occupied by the ovary and its ligament, the
Fallopian tube, and the round ligament.
Ail'ing, (see Ail.) Sick, Sickly.
Ail'ment, (see Ail.) Disease.
Ai'ma, {Supa,) see Haema. .
Ainiant, (from adamas.) Magnet.
Aimorrhoe'a, Ha.>morrhagia.
Aimor'rhois, Haemorrhois.
Aine, Inguen,
Ainhum. This word, used in Brazil by the
negroes, is said to mean ' to saw.' It is described
as a spontaneous amputation of the little toes of
negroes, unaccompanied by any other affection or
by constitutional derangement, and is met with
only in the Ethiopian race — that is, in African
negroes — and, much more rarely, in their un-
mixed descendants born in Brazil.
Aipathi'a, {nenra&eia, from «£», * ever,' and TTQ^^oj,
'disease.') Continent disease.
Aipi, Jatropha manihot.
Aipima Coxera, Jatropha manihot.
Aipipoca, Jatropha manihot.
Air, (arip,) Aer, (aw, 'I breathe,') Pneu'ma,
Com'mon Air, Atmospher'ie air, (F.) Air atmosphi-
rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in-
sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid,
which, under the form of the atmosphere, sur-
rounds the earth to the height of 15 or 16 leagues.'
Air is essentially composed of two gases, oxy-
gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of about 20
of the former to 80 of the latter. Oxygen is the
vital portion, but tho nitrogen is necessary to
dilute it. Air also contains a small portion of
carbonic acid gas, and has always floating in it
aqueous vapor, different terrestrial emanations,
<fec. Its effects upon the human body vary ac-
cording to its greater or less density, temperature,
moisture, «fcc. Change of air is found extremely
serviceable in the prevention und cure of certain
morbid conditions. Sec Climate, and Respiration.
Air Acide Vitriolique, Sulphurous acid — a.
Alcalin, Ammonia — a. Atnwspherique, Air.
Airblad'deu, Swinihlad'der, Swim'viing-hlad' -
der, The Swim, Vesi'ca nafato'ria, (F.) Veeait
natatoire. An abdominal organ in many fishes,
sometimes communicating by means of a duct,
Ductus pneumat' icus, with tho alimentary canal,
at others, not, which is considered by some to be-
long to the respiratory systeiii. Its contents are
tho elements of atmospheric nir, but in different
proportions ; and its chief and general function
appears to be to regulate the 6j)ccifio gravity of
the fish.
Am Cells of the Lungs, Cellules, bronchic,
see also Pulmo — a. Chamber, Folliculus aeris —
a. Compressed, or Condensed, Atmosphere, com-
pressed — a. Cure, Atmospherc,compressed— a. De-
AIR
phlogisticatea, Oxygen — a. Empyreal, Oxy- 1
gen — a. Factitious, Carbonic acid — a. dn Feu,
Oxygen — a. Fixed, Carbonic acid — a. Gate,
Azote — a. Hepatique, Hydrogen, sulphuretted —
a. Infiammahle, Hydrogen, H. carburetted — a.
Mephitic, Carbonic acid.
Am Pass' AGES, (F.) Voiea aeriennea, V. aeri-
feres. Tiie larynx, trachea, bronchia, etc.
Air Puant, Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
AiH, Pure, Oxygen.
Air'sacs, see Pulmo.
Air, Sol'id, of Hales, Carbonic acid — a. Vesi-
cles, see Pulmo — a. Vide, Azote — a. Vital,
Oxygen.
A.irain., {ses, eeria, ' brass.') Bell-metal, Brass.
Aire, {area, ' a space.') Areola.
Airelle Anguleuse, Vaccinium myrtillus — a.
Ponctuee, Vaccinium vitis idaea.
Airigne, Hook.
Air'threy, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Airthrey is
situate about two miles north of Stirling, Scot-
land. The waters are saline cathartics ; contain-
ing chloride of sodium, chloride of calcium, sul-
phate of zinc, and chloride of magnesium.
Aisselle, Axilla.
Aisthe'sis, {aia&rjais,) iSsthesis.
Aitch, Pain.
Aithomo'ma, (atM, ' black.') A black condi-
tion of all the humors of the eye.
Ai'tia, {aina,) Cause.
Aitiolog'la, ^tiologia.
Aitiol'ogy, ^tiologia.
Ai'tion, ituTlol■^ Cause.
Aix-La-Chiapelle , Min'eral Wa'ters of. Called
by the Germans, Aachen. There are six
thermal and slightly sulphurous and two cold
chalybeate springs. They are chiefly used exter-
nally, as vapor baths, douches, <fec. The baths
have a reputation for curing scrofula, skin dis-
eaases, as acne, psoriasis, &g., hepatic and renal
complaints, &o. See Borcetto. The principal
constituents of the thermal springs are sulphohy-
dric acid gas, carbonic acid gas, carbonate of
lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of soda,
chloride of sodium, sulphate of soda, and silica.
The temperature is 111° to 134° Fahr. The
springs are visited at all seasons.
The factitioHs wa'ter of Aix-la-Ohapelle, A' qua
Aquiagranen'sis, (F.) Eau d'Aix-la-Chapelle, is
made by adding pure water fjxvijss., to hydro-
aulphuretted toater f^iv., carbonate of aoda gr. xx.,
chloride of sodium gr. ix. — Ph. P.
Aix-les-Bains in the Savoy, Waters of.
There are two springs, temperature 116°, a sul-
phur and an alum spring, used externally in
chronic rheumatism, sciatica, chronic skin dis-
eases, &c.
Aizo'ou, (act, * ever,' and ^wo?, ' alive.') Sem-
pervivum teotorum.
A'juga, (Said to be a corruption of ah'ign, [?])
A. pyramida'lia, Consol'ida nie'dia, Bu'gula, B.
vyramida'lia, Teu'criiim pyramida'le, Up'right
Bu'gloaa, Mid'dle Conaound, (F.) Bugle pyrami-
dale. This plant is subastringent and bitter.
A'juga Cham^'pitys, Teucrium chamaspitys —
a. Pyramidalis, Ajuga.
A'juga Rep'tans, Bu'gula, B. reptana, Com'-
mon Bu'gle, (F.) Bugle ramjmnte, has similar
properties.
Akas'ga, Acajah, BowidoiK Btindu, M'Boundon,
Icaja, Ikaja, Quai. An orcreal used in the west
coast of Africa and Java — Poison d'epreuve
dea Javanuis — (said to bo derived from nkaaga,
which signifies pain or hurt.) A colorless amor-
phous substance, obtained from the bark of a
plant of the family Loganiaceae, by treating with
alcohol and evaporating, which is an alkaloid —
akasgia. It resembles strychnia both in its chem-
ical and physiological properties.
Akas'gia, see Akasga.
ALBAN
29
Akat'alis, see Juniperus communis.
Akate'ra, see Juniperus communis.
Akeidopeiraatie, {aKti, 'a point,' tihta, 'I
know,' and neipaoiiai, ' to try,') Diagnosis made by
means of pointed instruments.
AkSratodiaphanief {a, Ktpag, gen. Keparos,
'horn' (cornea), 6ta, 'through,' and ^o'vw, 'I
shine.') See Caligo.
Akine'sia, Acinesia.
Akne, Acne.
Akne'mia, Acnemia.
Akol'Dgy, Acology, Materia Medica.
Akos'moi, see Acosmia.
Akratope'gae, Acratopegae.
A'kro, in composition, see Aero.
Akrothym'ion, Acrothymion.
Ak'sis, (Old Eng.) Intermittent Fever.
Al, in composition, see Ad.
A'la, 'a wing,' Pin'va, Pte'ryx, (F.) Aile. A
term often used by anatomists for parts which
project like a wing from the median line; as the
A'lee na'ai, Alee of the u'terva, Ac. See Axilla,
and Pavilion of the Ear. Also, Pterygion.
A'la Extre'ma, Aileron.
Alaba'ma, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Tallahat'ta
apringa contain sulphur, and salts of iron, lime,
and magnesia. But the most noted are those of
Bladon. See Bladon, Mineral Waters of. Bai-
ley's spring is an acidulo -sulphureous chalybeate.
It is fourteen miles from Tuscumbia.
Alabast'er, (aAa^an-pof,) Alohaa'trum, (F.)
Albdtre, Alabastri'tea. A variety of compact
gypsum; of which an ointment was once made —
the ungtien' turn alabastri'num ; used as a discu-
tient. Alabaster likewise entered into several
dentifrices.
Alabastri'tes, {a^afiwyrpiTrji,) (>t^o?,) Alabaster.
A'lae, see Ala — a. Intern'a^ Mino'res Clitor'-
idis, Nympha> — a. Magnae, see Sphenoid bone
— a. Minores, Nymphae, see Sphenoid bone — a.
Muliebres minores, Nymphaj — a. Nasi, ."ee Na-
sus — a. Pudendi muliebris. Labia pudendi — a.
Pulmonum, see Pulmo — a. of the Uterus, see
Ala — a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus.
Alagas, Sacrum, Coccyx.
Alaire, Alaris.
Alai.se, Aleae.
Alalia, (a, and hi'Xeu, ' I speak.') Mutitas.
See Aphasia.
AlatnMc, Alembic.
Alanfu'ta. A name given by the Arabians to
a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip,
which they were in the habit of opening in cases
of foetor of the breath.
Alaque'ca. The Hindoostanee name of a stone,
found in small, polished fragments, which is con-
sidered efficacious in arresting haemorrhage when
applied externally. It is a sulphuret of iron.
Ala'res (pi. of alaris) Mus'culi. Pterygoid
muscles.
Ala'res Ve'n^. The superficial veins at th«
fold of the arm.
Ala'ria Os'sa. The wing-like processes of the
sphenoid bone.
Ala'ris, Ala'ritts, AUform'ia, {F.) Alaire; (from
ala, ' a wing.') Wing-shaped, winged.
Alatern'us, Com'mou, Khamnus alaternus —
a. Latifolius, Rhamnus alaternus.
Ala'tUS, Pterygo' dea, Ho'mo ala'tna. One whoso
scapulae project backwards like wings.
Alba (Tunica), Sclerotica.
Alba'daran, Alda'baran. The sesamoid bone
of the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the great toe.
The Rabbis and Magicians attributed extraordi-
nary virtues to it.
Albagia'zi, Sacrum.
Albament'um, (albua, 'white.') Albumen ovi;
Al'ban, Saint, Min'eral Wa'ters of. A French
acidulous chalybeate, in the department of the
Loire.
30
ALBAR^S
Al 'Parses, Lepra alphoides.
Al'baras Al'ba, Lepra alphoides — a. Ni'gra,
Lepra nigricans.
Al'baros, Lepra alphoides.
Alb&tre, Alabaster.
Albe'do (gen. Albe'dinis) Un'guium, {albus,
* white.') See Nail.
Arbian, Albino.
AlMn d'(Euf, Albumen ovi.
Arbinism, see Albino.
Albinism'us, see Albino.
Albi'no, ' vfhito,' Al' bian, ([L.] albus, 'white,')
Leucse'thiopa, yE'thiops al'bns, Don' do, (F.) Bln-
fard, Nhjre-blnnc. A Spanish word applied to
individuals of the human race who have the skin
and hair white {Achromodermie and Achromotri-
chomie, of Piorry) ; the iris very pale, bordering
on red ; and the eyes so sensible that they cannot
bear the light of day. This condition, which has
been called Leucsethio'pin, Alpho'sis jEthiop'ica,
Albitudo, Albindin' mm, Albim's'mus, Al'binism,
Kakerlakism, Leucopathi'a, Lenco'sis, Leiicas'mns
universa'lia, Epichro' sis alpho'sis, (F.) Lencithio-
pie, is seen more frequently in the Negro. Both
sexes are exposed to it. It does not seem to be
true that there are tribes of Albinos in the inte-
rior of Africa.
Albinois'inas, see Albino.
Albitudo, see Albino.
Albizzia Anthelmintica, see Mesenna.
Al'bor (gen. Alho'ris) O'vi, Albumen ovi.
Al'bora. A kind of itch or complicated lep-
rosy, according to Paracelsus.
Albot, Crucible.
Al'botim, Terebinthina.
Albugine, Albugineous.
Albagin'ea, A. Tes'tis, Tu'nica albugin'ea seu
fibro'sa seu pro'pria, Perites'tis, Du'ra ma'ter
tes'tis, Membra' tin capsula'ris tes'tis, (F.) Albu-
ginee, Tiinique albmjinie, (albus, 'white.') A
strong, fibrous, and resisting membrane, which
immediately envelops the testicle, and has, at its
upper part, an enlargement, called corpus High-
morianum. From its inner surface it sends off a
number of flat, filiform prolongations or septa,
between which are contained the seminiferous
vessels. Externally, it is covered by the tunica
vaginalis testis.
Albugin'ka Oc'uli, Sclerotic — a. Penis, see
Cavernou€ bodies — a. Testis, Albuginea.
AUtugineey Albuginea.
Albugin'eous, Albugin'eus, (F.) Albiigine. A
term applied to textures, humors, Ac, which are
perfectly white.
Albugin'eous Fi'bre, (F.) Fibre albuginee. A
name given by Chaussier to what he considers
one of the four elementary fibres.
The albugineous fibre is linear, cylindrical, te-
nacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of a
shining, satiny appearance. It forms fascia? or
fasciculi, which constitute the tendons, articular
ligaments, and aponeuroses ; hence the name Al-
bugin'eous mem' branes, given by Chaussier to the
fibrous membranes.
Uauthier considered, that the rete mucosum
consists of four layers, to two of which he gave
the names membra'na albngin'ea profun'da and
membra' na albngin'ea .aperjicia'lis, respectively.
Alhuf/inltf, Albuginitis.
Albugini'tis, gen. Albugini'tidis, (F.) Albugi-
nite. A term employed by some authors for in-
flammation of the albugineous tissue. Thus,
gout and rlieumatism are regarded aa a species of
the genus albuginitis.
Albu'gO, ~gcn. A/bu'ginis, (from oi^us, ' white,')
Loucoiiia — a. Oculi, see Sclerotic — u. Oculorum,
LiMicoina — a. Ovi, Albumen ovi.
Al'bula, ('*/6u#, 'white,') Leucoma.
Arbum Ca'nis, {albus, ' white,') Album gra)-
cum — a. Ceti, Cetaceuin.
Al'bum Gr^'cum, Al'bum Ca'nia, Cynoc'oprm,
ALCAEST
Spo'dinm Gnfco'rum, Ster'cus Cani'num Al'hutn.
The white dung of the dog. It consists almost
wholly of phosphate and carbonate of lime, from
the bones used as food. It was formerly applied
as a discutient gargle in quinsies, and as an anti-
epileptic ; but is now justly banished from practice.
Al'bum Ni'guum. The excrement of the mouse.
Al'bum Oc'uli, see Sclerotic.
Al'bum Rha'zis, A white ointment made of
cerusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy-
sician Rhazes.
Albu'men, gen. Albn' minis, Leuco'ma, Ooni'ne,
Ozemun, {albus, 'white,') (F.) Albnmine. An
immediate principle of animals and vegetables,
which constitutes the chief part of the white of
egg. It is found in the serum, chyle, synovia,
serous fluids, «fcc. There is not much difference
in chemical composition between animal and vege-
table albumen, fibrin, and casein. Also, the white
of the eye. See Sclerotic, and Albumen Ovi.
Albu'men O'vi, Ooleu'eon, Ovalbu'men, Albn'-
men, Albu'mor, Albu'go seu Al' bar seu Can'didtim
O'vi, Cla'reta, Li'quor O'vi al'bus, Albuv ten' turn,
Albamen'tmn, Lac a'vis, Glair, White of egg, (F.)
Blanc d'oeuf, (Old F.) Albin d'oevf, is used in phar-
macy for suspending oils, &c.., in water. See Ovum,
Albu'men, Sal'ivary, see Saliva.
Albument'um, Albumen ovi.
Albu'menoid, Albuminoid.
Albumenu'ria, Albuminuria.
AUnimine, Albumen — a. Cerebrale, Neurine — ■
a. du Cervean, Neurine.
Albu'milioid, Albuminoi'des, less correctly al-
bu'menoid, {albumen, and uho^, 'resemblance.')
Resembling albumen, as fibrin, casein, &c. It is
often applied to aliments in the same sense aa
proteinous.
Albuminoid Degeneration. See Lardaceous.
Albu'minose. The soluble principle of fibrin,
identical with the dominant principle of the white
of egg according to Bouchardat. According to
others, the ultimate product of the transforma-
tion, in the stomach, of albuminous matters, which
renders them fit for assimilation and nutrition.
Albuminose is not coagulable by heat, and incom-
pletely so by acids ,• an excess of acid dissolving
the precipitate. Robin and Verdeil regard it as
synonymous with the casein of the small intestine
of Tiedemann and Gmelin, the gelatiniform matter
of the intestine of Provost and Morin, and the
casein of the blood of Dumas. See Peptone.
Albumino'sis, (albumen and osis.) A condition
of the blood, in which the ratio of albumen is in-
creased, as in abdominal typhus, variola, ru-
beola, (fee.
Albuminous Degeneration, see Lardaceous.
Albuminu'ria, less correctly albumenu'ria. A
hybrid term, {albumen, and ovpov, 'the urine.') A
condition of the urine in which it contains albu-
men, the presence of which is indicated by its co-
agulation on the application of adequate heat,
nitric acid, «fec. The term has been applied also
to diseases characterized by such a condition of
urine. See Kidney, Bright's Disease of the.
Albuminu'ric, Albuminu'ricus, (F.) Albuminu-
rique. Relating or appertaining to albuminuria.
One laboring under Albuminuria.
Alhiiniiituror-rheef (albumen, ovpov, ' urine,' and
^.w, ' I flow.') Kidney, Bright's Disease of the.
Albu'mor, Albumen ovi.
Al'caest, Al'caheSi, Al'chaest, (perhaps from
(G.) a 1 1, * all,' and g e i s t, ' spirit.') A word in-
vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which,
according to him, was capable of removing every
kind of swelling. The same word was used by
Van Helmont for a fancied universal solvent,
capable of reducing every body to its elements.
Al'caest of Glau'bku, is a thick liquor ob-
tained by detonating nitrate of potassa on hot
coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of
potassa.
ALCAEST
ALCOHOL
31
Al'caest op Resp'oub is a mixture of potassa
and oxide of zinc.
Al'cahest, Alcaest.
Al'cahol, Alcohol.
Aloales'cence, Alkales'cence, Alcalescen'tia.
The condition in which a fluid becomes alkaline.
Alcalbs'ce.vce of the Hu'mors was an old
notion of the humorists. It can only occur dur-
ing the putrid fermentation of animal matters,
which contain azote, and produce ammonia. Al-
calin'ity or Alkalinity is the quality of being
alcaline.
Al'cali or Alca'li, Arkali, (from al, [Arab.,]
'the,' and kali, the name of the Salso'la So' da, a
plant which contains a large quantity of one of
the principal alkalis, soda.) The alkalis are
substances soluble in water, possessing generally
a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turning the
syrup of violets green, and restoring to blue in-
fusion of litmus which has been reddened by
acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and hav-
ing the greatest tendency to unite with acids,
whose character they modify, and form salts with
tbem. In medicine we understand by this term
Potassa, Soda, Ammonia, or Lithia. bee Alkali.
Soda and potassa prefixed alcalis, ammonia is
the volatile alcali.
Al'cali Ammoni'acum Aceta'tum, Liquor nm-
moniae acetatis — a. Ammoniacum fluidum, Liquor
ammonias.
Al'cali, Caus'tic, Al'cali Caust'icum. A pure
alkali. One deprived of its carbonic acid.
Al'cali, Fix'bd, see Alcali — a. Fixum tartari-
zatum, Potassae tartras — a. Minerale sulphuricum.
Soda, sulphate of — a. Tartari aceto saturatum,
Potassae acetas — a. Vegetabile salito-dephlogis-
ticatum, Potassae murias hyperoxygenatus — a.
Vegetabile tartarizatura, Potassas tartras — a.
Vegetabile vitriolatum, Potassae sulphas — a. Vol-
atile, see Alcali — a. Volatile acetatr j, Liquor
ammonise acetatis — a. Volatile aeratum, Ammo-
niae carbonas — a. Volatile ammoniacale, Aramo-
niae carbonas — a. Volatile ex sale ammoniaco,
Ammoniae carbonas.
Arcaligone, {alcali, and yewau), * I generate,')
Azote.
Al'caline, Al'kaUne, AlcaH'mis, Alknli'nus,
(F.) Alcalin. Having the properties of an alcali.
Alcalin'ity. See Alcalescence.
Aloalinu'ria, Alkalinuria.
Al'caloid, Alkaloid, {alcali, and tdog, 'form.')
A name given to the organic alcalis to distinguish
them from the mineral, from which they differ
as regards composition and general properties ; —
having nothing in common but their basic proper-
ties. Brucia, Bmetia, Morphia, Strychnia, «fcc.,
are alcaloids.
Alca'na, Anchusa officinalis.
Aloan'na Ma'jor Latifo'lia Denta'ta, Prinos —
a. Orientalis, Lawsonia inermis — a. Spuria, An-
chusa tinctoria — a. Vera, Lawsonia inermis.
Al'cea, (aX«w, 'I help,') Hibiscus abehnoschus
— a. -(Egyptiaca Villosa, Hibiscus abelmoschus
— a. Indica, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
Al'cea Ro'sea, Common hollyhock, Hoc, Hocks.
Emollient, like Althaea.
Alchachen'ge, Physalis.
Alchachil, Rosmarinus.
Al'chaest, Alcaest.
Alchemi'a, Alchymy.
Alchemil'la, Alchimella, (said to have been
celebrated with the Alchemists [?], supposed by
some to be of Arabic derivation.) A. vulga'ris,
Com'mon La'dies' Man' tie, Pes Leo'nis, Leontopo'-
diian, (F.) Pied de Lion. Formerly in great re-
pute as an astringent in hemorrhage.
Alchemil'la Arvex'sis, Parsley Piert. An
ounce of the plant to a pint of water as an infu-
Eion has been extolled in strangury.
Alchemil'la Vulga'ris, Alchemilla.
Alchemist, Alchymist.
Al'chemy, Alchymy.
Alcher'mes, Alkcrmes.
Alchimel'la, Alchemilla.
Alchimi'a, Alchymy.
Al'diitrain, see Pinus Sylvestris.
Alchitu'ra, see Pinus Sylvestris.
ArchoOl, Alcohol.
Alchorn'ea Latifo'lia, see Alcornoque.
Archymist (Old Eng.), Alchemist, Alkymistre,
FldtiKi'riu'^, Adept'. One pretending to alchymy.
Al'diymy, Al'chemy, Alchemi'a, Alchimi'a,
Adept'a Philosoph'ia, (from al, an Arabic par-
ticle, signifying, * superiority, excellence,' and
chimia, ' chemistry.') This word was formerly
synonymous with Chemistry; but, from the 7th
century, it has been applied to the mysterious art
of endeavoring to discover a universal remedy,
and a mode of transmuting the baser metals into
gold : an operation to which they gave the name
O'jms mng'num, and Philos' o2)hei' s stone.
Alchymy has also been called Seien'tia vel
Philosoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her-
mes or Mercury was its inventor. Harris has
well defined this chimerical art: ' Ars sine arte,
ciijus principium est mentiri, medium laborare, et
finis viendicare.'
Alcoc'alum, Cynara.
Al'COhol, gen. Alcoho'lis, Ethylic Alcohol, Al'-
cahol, Al'chool, Al'kol, Al'col, Al'cool, Al'kool.
An Arabic word, formerly used for an impalpable
powder, and signifying 'very subtile, much di-
vided.' A peculiar liquid, generated for the most
part in vegetable juices and infusions by the
vinous or alcoholic fermentation. At the present
day it is applied to highly rectified spirit of wine
— Spiritus rectificatus, or rectified spirit. In the
Ph. U. S., Alcohol is rectified spirit of the specific
gravity 0*8.35, corresponding with Spiritus Recti-
ficatus, (Ph. B., 1867,) sp. gr. 8^8. The Dublin
college had a spiritus fortior, used in the ]^' '^pa'j,-
tion of certain essences, whose specific gi -fit^-
was 0*818, and the Pharmacopoeia of the Un ved
States (1873) has an Alcohol for'tius, stro'i^ $r
aVcoholy sp. gr. 0'817. Alcohol, absolute ale he j
of the British Pharmacopoeia (1867), is of speciuo
gravity 0*795. The French Codex (1866) has an
Alcool, A. liectifie, and A. a. 95° Centesiniaux.
Diluted Alcohol, Alcohol dilutuni, (Ph. U. S.,
1873,) sp. gr. 941, corresponds with* Spiritus
Tenuior, (Ph. B., 1867,) sp. gr. 920.
Ethylio alcohol is a type of a series, the prin-
cipal of which are inethylic, aviylic, propylic, and
hutylic alcohols, only the two first-named being
of any therapeutic interest.
Alcohol is an inflammable liquid, lighter than
water, of a warm, acrid taste, colorless, trans-
parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is
the product of the distillation of vinous liquors;
is miscible with water in all proportions, and is
the direct solvent of resins, balsams, &c. Various
other vegetable principles are soluble in it, and
hence it is used, in different states of concentra-
tion, in the preparation of elixirs, tinctures, es-
sences, &c.
Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful
stimulus : as such, in a dilute form, it is used in
the prevention and cure of disease. Its habitual
and inordinate use is the cause of many serious
affections, of a chronic character especially, as
visceral obstructions, dropsy, &c. See Spiritus
Rectificatus, S. Tenuior, and Alcoholism.
Al'cohol, Absolute, see Alcohol — a., ^the-
reus ferratus, Tinctura sulphurico-aetherea ferri
— a. cum Aloe perfoliatS,, Tinctura aloes — a. Am-
moniee et guaiaci, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata
— a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammonia; — ^^a. Am-
moniatum aromaticum, Spiritus ammoniae aro-
maticus — a. Ammoniatum fcetidum, Spiritus
ammoniae foetidus — a. Amylicum, Oil, fusel —
32
ALCOHOLIC
ALEURITES
a. cum Aroraatibus sulphuricatus, Sulphuric acid,
aromatic — a. cum Aromatibus compositus, Tinc-
tura cinnamomi composita — a. Castoriatum,
Tinctura oastorei — a. cum Crotone cascarill^,
Tinctura cascarillae — a. Dehydrogenatus, Alde-
hyde — a. Dilutum, Spiritus tenuior — a. Ferratus
Tinctura ferri muriatis — a. cum Ferri sulphate
tartarizatus, see Ferrum tartarizatum — a. Fortius,
see Alcohol— a. Glyceric, Glycerine — a. cum
Guaiaoo oflacinale ammoniatus, Tinctura guaiaci
ammoniata — a. lodii, Tinctura iodinii — a. cum
Opio, Tinctura opii — a. Mesitic, Acetone — a.
Methylic, Spiritua pyroxylicus — a. Phenylic,
Carbolic acid — a. Pyroxylic, Spiritus pyroxyl-
icus — a. Sulphurioatum, Elixir acidura Halleri
— a. Sulphuricum, Elixir acidum Halleri — a.
Sulphuris, Carbonis sulphuretum — a. Vini, Spiri-
tus rectificatus — a. Wood, Spiritus pyroxylicus.
Alcohol'ic* Alcohol' icuSy iSpirituo'sua, Spir'-
ituoui, (F.) Alcoolique. Relating to or contain-
ing alcohol — as an alcoholic drink or remedy.
Al'COholism, Alcoholis'mus, (F.) AlconUsme.
The series of morbid phenomena produced by the
use of alcoholic liquors.
AX' c6ho\izQ^' , AlcohoHsa' tns, (F.) Alcooliai, has
a similar signification to ' alcoholic.'
Arcoholophiria, {alcohol, and tpiXua, ' I love.*)
See Dipsomania.
Alcoi, Alcohol.
Al'colsB, Aphthae.
AJcolatf Alcoolat.
Al'cooly Alcohol — a. Camphr^y Spiritus cam-
phoroe — a. RectijU, see Alcohol — a. de Son/re,
Carbonis sulphuretum.
Alcoolat, Spirit. It now generally signifies
alcohol, charged, by distillation, with the volatile
principles of certain substances, or a distilled
spirit. Several alcoolata are officinal in the
French Codex (1866).
Alcoolat d'Anis, Spiritus Anisi — a. de Ro-
marin, Spiritus rosmarini.
Alcoolat Vulneraire, Eau Vulneraire Spiri-
tueuae.- A preparation of the French Codex (1866),
made by maceration and distillation with alcohol
of the leaves, &c., of eighteen different plants.
Aloobla'tum, see Tinctura — a. Antiscorbuti-
cum, Tinctura de cochleariis — a. Carminativum
Sylvii, Tinctura carmiuativa Sylvii — a. de Coch-
leariis, Tinctura de cochleariis — a. de Croco
compositum, Tinctura de croco composita.
Alcoiilature, I'eiuture avec lea plantes fraichea.
A name given by M. Beral — and adopted in the
French Codex — to certain preparation:; intro-
duced by him, which consist of alcohol, charged,
by maceration, with the soluble principles of
fresh plants. See Tinctura.
Alcoiile. A name given in the French phar-
Biaceutical nomenclature to medicines resulting
from the solvent action of alcohol on different sub-
stances, or from its admixture with liquids which
unite with it in all proportions. See Tinctura.
Alcoiile Sticri'f llataiia.
Alcoiillque, Alcoholic.
AlcfwllMCf Alcoholized.
Alcoiillaer, {¥.) Formerly, ' to reduce into an
impalpable powder.' No longer used.
AlfoiiliHtnt'., Aleoholisult
Alcodlom'eter, (litrpov, 'measure,') Areometer.
Alooflm'eter, Areometer.
AlcortuKiiie, .{¥.) Cortex Alcornoco seu Cha-
bar'ruf (alter Alchorne, an English 'botanist.)
The bark of Alchor'nea lutlfu'Ua, of Jamaica,
which has been considered capable of curing
phthisis. It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astrin-
gent. Dose of the powder ^i. to gss.
Aroyoa, gen. Alcy'onia, Hal'vyon, faXf, Bea,
Kvtiv, ' to conceive.') A swallow of Cochin China,
whose nest is gelatinous and very nutritious. It
has been proposed in medicine aa analeptic and
aphrodiaiiwj. See Iliruudo.
Aloyo'niumi Jiat'tard apouge. The ashes were
formerly employed as dentrifices : they were be-
lieved proper for favoring the growth of the hair
and beard, and were used in alopecia.
Aldab'aran, Albadaran.
Al'dLehydef{ahr\dgedfTom(dcohol dehydrogena ^
tiia, 'alcohol deprived of hydrogen,') see Anaes-
thetic.
Al'der, Amer'ican, Alnus serratula — a. Black,
Prinos, Rhamnus frangula — a. European, Alnus
glutinosa — a. Tag, Alnus incana — a. White,
Clethra alnifolia.
Ale, Cerevisia.
Ale, Whitk. A drink, used in Devonshire,
England, among the ingredients of which are
milk, spice, and spirit.
Ale'berry. A beverage, formerly made by
boiling ale with spice and swjur, and aopa of
bread. It was given to invalids.
A'lecost, Tanacetum balsaraita.
Alecto'ria, Alectorius lapis.
Alecto'riuS La'pis, Alecto'ria, {a\v(T<t>p, *a
cock.') The name of a stone, supposed to exist
in the stomach of the cock, or, according to others,
in that of the capon, four years old. Many mar-
vellous properties were formerly attributed to it,
which are as groundless as its existence. There
are no stones in the stomach, except such as hava
been swallowed.
Al'egar, (ale, and (F.) aigre, 'sour,') Acetum.
Ale 'hoof, Glechoma hederacea.
Aleim'ma, gen. Aleim'matia, {aXcinjia, from
a\tift)ij>, ' I anoint,') Liniment.
Aleiph'a, Liniment.
Aleipte'rium, {aXenrTrjpiov, from aAa^w, *I
anoint.') The place in the ancient gymnasium
where the combatants anointed themselves.
Aleip'tron, {uXutttijop.) A box for containing
ointments.
Ale'ma, gen. Ale'matia, [aXtina,) Farina.
Alem'bic (Arab.), 3Ioor8head, Capitel'lum, Ca-
pit'ulum, Am'bicua, (F.) Alambic. A utensil made
of glass, metal, or earthenware, adapted for dis-
tillation. A still. It consists of a body or cnciir-
bit, (F.) cticurbite, chaiidierc, to which is attached
a head or capital, (F.) chapiteau, and out of this
a beak descends laterally to be inserted into the
receiver, toorm, condenser, or refrigerator, (F.) ser-
pentin, refrigerant, as the case may be.
Alem'brotll {Salt), Sal Alembroth. The alchy-
mists designated by this name, and by those of
Sal aapien' tise, Sal ar'tin, Sal vi'tse, and Salacien'-
tise, the product resulting from the sublimation'
of a mixture of corrosive sublimate and sal am-
moniac. It is stimulant, but not employed.
Alep'po Button, Bonton d'Alep — a. Evil, Bou-
ton d'Alep — a. Pustule and ulcer, Bouton d'Alep.
AUse (F.), AUze, Alaise, Lin'teum, {aXt^ta, 'I
preserve.') A guard. A cloth arranged in sev-
eral folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to guard
it from the lochial or other discharges.
Al'eton, (aAcw, * I grind,') Farina.
Al'etris, {aXuap, * meal,') A. farinosa.
Al'etkis Al'ba, Aletris.
Al'etkis Auu'ea; indigenous, has similar vir-
tues to
Al'etris Farino'sa, A. aVha, AVetria, Star''
graaa, Star' wort, Blazing star, Aloeroot, Bitter-
graaa, Blackroot, U'nicornroot, A'gueroot, A'gne-
graae, Col'icroot, Dev'il'a bit, Meal'y starwort, (F.)
AlHria. Nat. Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. Syat. llcx-
andria Monogynia. The root is an intense and
permanent bitter, and is used ns a tonic and
stomachic. It is common in the United States.
Aleur'on, {nXtvpov,) Farina.
Aleuri'tes Triloba, (from aXsvpt-nis, 'mealy,*
from the mcal-liko substance which covers it,)
Candle nut tree. Ord. Euphorbiacejie. A plant
common in the Sandwich, Society, and other
islands in the Southern seas ; met with, also, in
the East and West Indies. The oil of the fruit, —
Kukui oil iu the Suudwich Islands, Kekune oil
ALEUROTESIS
ALIMENT
33
in Ceylon, known in Jamaica as Spanish Walnut
oil, and in India as Belynum Walnut oil, — is
cathartic, and resembles castor oil in its action,
Aiearote'sis, (from aleurun,) see Cribration.
Alexand'ers, Smyrnium olusatrum.
Alezan'dri Antid'otus Aur'ea. See Alexan-
drine.
Alezaa'drine, EmplaH'trum Alexan'dri. A
garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contempo-
rary of Mesue. Other ancient preparations were
called ' Alexandrine;' as the Alexnu'dri antid'otus
ail' red, used in apoplexy; the Uollyr'ium sic'cum
AlexdndrV nam, or Colly r'ium of King Alexander,
mentioned by Aetius.
Alexic'acuni, {aXi^ttv, 'to repel,' kokov, 'evil,')
Amuletiiin, Alexipharmic.
Alexiphar'mic, Alexiphar'macus, Antiphar'-
maGiiH, Alecic'acas, Caco'dlexite' ria, Lexiphar' -
maciii, (F.) Alexipharinaqne, {aXt^eiv, 'to repel,'
and (papfiaKov, 'poison.') A term formerly used
for medicines which were considered proper for
expelling from the body various morbitio prin-
ciples, or for preventing the bad efifects of poisons
taken inwardly.
Alexipyret'icus, (aXs^uv, 'to repel/ andTrupsroj,
'fever,') Febrifuge.
Alex'ir, Elixir,
Alexite'ria, Gacalexite'ria, {aXt^civ, 'to repel.')
Originally, alexiterium was used synonymously
with remedy. lu more modern times it has been
applied to a class of medicines that counteract
poisons placed in contact with the exterior of the
body, in contradistinction to alexipharmics.
Alexite'rium Chlo'ricum, see Disinfection —
a. Nitricum, see Disinfection.
Aldze, Al^se.
Alfu'sa, Tutia.
Al'ga Mari'na, {ad, and ligare, 'to bind,') see
Pila marina — a. of the Mouth, see Leptothrix
buccalis, and Parasites.
Al'galic, Catheter.
Al'galie, Catheter.
Algaroba, Ceratonia siliqua.
Al'garoth,, Al'garot, Algaro'thi Pul'vis, Pul'vis
Angel'icus, Stib'ii Ox'idurn seu Subniu'rias prse-
cipitan' do para' turn, Antimo'nii Ox'idurn, Antinio'-
nii Ox'idurn Ni'tromuriat'icum, Stib'ii Oxidum
Ae'ido Muriat'ico oxygena'to para'tuni, Mercu'rius
Vi'tse, Mercu'rius Jfor'tis, Flow'ers of An'tiinony,
Antiino'niousOxya}ilo'ride,{¥.) Oxide d' Antinioine,
(SO called from Victor Algarotti, a Veronese phy-
aician,) is separated from the terchloride of anti-
mony by pouring the terchloride into a large
quantity of water. When this, an oxychloride,
is washed with abundance of water to separate
the muriatic acid, and afterwards by a solution
of alkali to remove the terchloride, the teroxide
of antimony, Antimo'nii Ox'idurn of the Edin-
burgh Pharmacopoeia, is left. In the Pharmaco-
poeia of the United States (1873), this is directed
to be prepared by treating sulphuret of antimony
with muriatic acid, and afterwards with nitric
acid; adding a little water; filtering; pouring
the filtered liquid into water ; washing the pre-
cipitate, and subjecting it to the action of water
of ammonia. It is used in the preparation of the
tartrate of antimony and potassa, and was for-
merly much given as an emetic, purgative, and
diaphoretic.
Alge'do, gen. Alge'dinis, {aXyo?, 'pain.') Vio-
lent pain about the neck of the bladder, occasion-
ally occurring in gonorrhoea.
Alge'don, (aAy;,Jwv,) Pain.
Alge'ma, gen. Alge'matis, (aXyma,) Pain.
Alge'sis, {aXymi,) Pain.
Alget'icus, see Algos.
Al'gia, see Algos.
Alg"id Fever, Algida febria.
Alg"ida Fe'bris, Fe'bris korrifica seu hor'-
rida seu quer'quera seu crymo'des, liry'cetus, liry'-
ehetus, (F.) Fiivre algide, Alg"id Fe'ver. A per-
3
nicious intermittent, accompanied by icy cold-
ness, which is often fatal in the second or third
paroxysm.
Al'gidus, Alg"id, {algor, 'cold,') (F,) Algide.
That which is accompanied by coldness,
Al'gor, Rigor,
Al'gos, (aAyof, 'pain.') See Pain, Hence,
Alget'icns, ' jaintul,' as Fpilep'sia alget'ica. The
suffix algia has the same signification — as in
Cephalalgia, Pleuralgia, Neuralgia, &g.
Algospas'mus, (nXyoj, 'pain,' and anacrnoq,
' spasm. 'j Painful spasm or cramp of the muscle,
Alyue Cotnniune, (L. alga,) Pila marina —
a. 3lurine, Pila marina — a. des Verriera, Pila
marina.
Allia'gi, Agul.
Alha'gi Mauro'rum, He'brew 3Ian'na,2i,j\ViiiYQ
of Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Persia, and India.
From the leaves and brunches a sweet saccharin©
substance is obtained, called Turanjeban, which
many pharmacologists identify with Hebrew
manna.
Alhand'al, see Cucumis colocynthis.
Alha'sef, Sudamina.
AlJiamie, Lawsonia inermis.
Alib'ilis, {alere, 'to nourish,') Nutritious.
Al'ica, Hal'ica, Farina' rium, Chon'drus, {alere,
'to nourish.') A grain from which the ancients
made their tisanes; supposed by some to have
been the Triticum spelta. At times it seems to
have meant the tisane itself.
Al'ices, (aAt^tt), ' I sprinkle,') Spots which
precede the eruption of small-pox.
Aliena'tio, (alienus, 'another's,' 'strange,')
Anomalia — a. Mentis, Insanity.
Aliena'tion, Men'tal, Insanity.
Aliena'tus, Insane.
Alu'iie, Insane.
A'lienist Physic"ian,(fromo?ienu8,)Psychiater.
Alieniste, Psychiater.
Alie'nus, Delirious.
Aliform'es Mus'culi, {ala, 'awing,' and/ormo;
' shape,') Pterygoid muscles.
Aliform'is, Alaris, Pterygoid.
Alig'ulus, Confectio.
APima, {aler,e, 'to nourish,') Aliment.
Alimel'lse, Parotid.
APiment, Alinien'tvm, Al'ima, Harma'lia, Nu-
tri'men, Nu'triens, Snstentac' uliim, Ciba'rinm, Bro''
ma, Comis'te, Ci'bus, Es'ca, Nutri'ttis, Nutrimen' -
turn, Si'tos, Tro'2)he, (Prov.) BeUytimber, (F.)
Aliment, Nourriture, {alere, ' to nourish,') Food'
Any substance which, if introduced into tL
system, is capable of nourishing it and repairing
its losses.
The study of aliments forms one of the most
important branches of hygiene. Properly, all
substances, organic or inorganic, that enter into
the comT)osition of organized beings, are aliments.
As regards the immediate principles which pre-
dominate in their composition, they have been
classed, but imperfectly, as follows:
TABLE OF ALIMENTS.
1. Feculaeeous.
2. Mucilaginous.
3. Saccharine.^
4. Acidulous.
5. Oleaqinous and
Fatty.
6. Caseous.
7. Gelatinous.
8. AJhuminouS.
9. Fibrinous.
i Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In-
dian com, potato, sago, peas,
bean*, &c.
Carrot, salsify,, beet, turnip, aspar-
agus, cabbage, lettuce, artichoke,
melon' &c.
Sugar, fig, date, raisin, apricot, Ac.
Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher-
ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry,
mulberry, prune, pear, apple,
sorrel, &c.
'Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut,
walnut, animal fat, oil, butter,
Ac.
Different kinds of milk, cheese,
(Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin, eel-
I lular texture; very young ani-
( mals.
Brain, nerve, eggs, &c.
Flesh and blood.
84
ALIMENTAL
ALLECTUARY
Dr. Prout has four great classes — the aqueous,
laccharine, oleaginous, and albuminous. Dr. Pe-
reira, twelve — aqueous, jnucilagiuous or gummy,
taccharine, amylaceous, ligneous, pectinaceous,
acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, proteinaceous,
gelatinous, and naline. Liebig divides them into
two classes — the nitrogenized or plastic ele-
ments OF NUTRITION, Jiesh formers, in which he
comprises vegetable fibrin, vegetable albumen, vege-
table casein, Jlesh and blood; and the non-nitro-
ffENIZED or elements OP RESPIRATION, Or OF
CALORIFICATION, heat givers, in which he com-
prises fat, starch, gum, cane sugar, grape sugar,
sugar of milk, pectin, basnorin, toine, beer, and
spirits. The former alone, in his view, are in-
servient to the nutrition of organized tissue : the
latter are burnt in respiration, and furnish heat.
The following simple arrangement is, perhaps,
as little objectionable as any :
1. Nitrogenized Aliments,
(Fibrinous (Glutinous?)
-; Albuminous.
j^Caseiiious, Gelatinous.
( Amylaceous.
2. Non-nitrogenized Aliments, < .Saccharine.
( Oleaginous.
8. Inorganic.
The second division might be still further sim-
plified, inasmuch as amylaceous aliments are con-
vertible into sugar during the digestive process;
and from both oleaginous matter may be formed.
Aliments are at times divided into the substan-
tive, and the adjective or accessory ; the former
comprising all the nutritive substances, which are
used as food; the latter condiments. See Condi-
ment.
Aliment'al, Nutrimental.
Aliment'ary, Nutrimental — a. Canal, Canal,
alimentary — a. Duct, Canal, alimentary — a. Tube,
Canal, alimentary.
Alimenta'tion, Alimenta'tio. The act or power
of nourishing.
Alimenta'tion, Io'dic. A term applied to the
giving of iodine internally in combination with
food, as bread and other farinaceous substances.
AlimerUeux, Nutrimental.
Aliment'Tim, Aliment, Pabulum.
Al'lmos, Glycyrrhiza.
Alinde'sis, {aXiv6r}<ris, from aXijiSoixai, Ho be
turned about.') A species of exercise, which con-
sisted in rolling in the dust, after having been
anointed with oil.
Alipae'nos, AUpse'num, AUpan'tos, (a, and
hiravEiv, ' to be fat.') An epithet formerly given
to every external remedy, devoid of fat or mois-
ture ; such as powders.
Alipan'tos, Alipa9noB.
Alip'ta, Alip'tes, {aXenmji, from a\eup<a, *I
anoint.') He who anointed the Athletae after
bathing. The place where this was done was
called Alipte' rium.
Alipte'rium, {aXEanrigiov,) see Alipta.
Alip'tica. The part of ancient medicine,
which treated of inunction as a means of pre-
ttcrving health.
Allnler SlanCf Crataegus aria.
Alis'ma, gen. AUs'matis, ([Celt.] from alis,
-water.')— a. Plantago, Arnica montana — a. (Jra-
minifolia, A. plantago — a. Lanceolata, A. plan-
tago.
Alis'ma Planta'oo, {a\iana,) Alis'ma, A. lan-
eeola'ta sou graminifo' lia , Plauta'go aquat'ica,
Wa'ter Plan'tain, (F.) Plnutain d'Eau. Ord.
AliBraaceao. Sex. Syst. Ilexandria Polygynia.
The fresh 'root is acrid, and the dried leaves will
Tenicate. The leaves have been proposed as sub-
stitutes for Uva UrHi.
Alitu'ra, (alere, Mo nourish,') Nutrition.
Al'kaldi O'leum Galli'nm. An ancient phar-
oiftoeutical nauio for pullets' fat.
Alkales'cence, Alcalescence.
Al'kali, see Alcali — a. Ammoniacum cans-
tieum, Ammonia — a. Ammoniacum spirituosuin..
Spiritus ammoniae — a. Causticum, Alcali caus-
ticum — a. Minerale nitratum. Soda, nitrate of —
a. Minerale phosphoratum, Soda, phos[)hate of —
a. Minerale salinum. Soda, muriate of — a. Vege-
tabile cum aceto, Potassae acetas — a. Vegetabilo
fixum causticum, Potassa fusa — a. Vegetable,
Potash — a. Volatile, Ammonia — a. Volatile caus-
ticum, Ammonia — a. Volatile, concrete, Ammoniio
carbonas — a. Volatile, mild, Ammonia? carbona,;*
— a. Volatile nitratum. Ammonias nitras — a. Vola-
tile tartarizatum, Ammonia; tartras — a. Volatile
vitriolatum. Ammonia? sulphas.
Al'kaligene, Azote.
Al'kaline, Alcaline.
Alkalinity, see Alcalescence.
Alkalinu'ria, Alcalinn'ria, (from alkali, and
ovpou, * urine.') A condition of the urine in which
it is alkaline.
Al'kaloid, Alcaloid.
Al'kanet, Bas'tard, Lithospermum officinale —
a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Garden, Anchusa
officinalis — a. Officinal, Anchusa officinalis.
Al'kar, Medicament.
Alkeken'gi, Physalis.
AlJcekengine Silic^e, see Pills, Laville's.
Alker'mes, Confec'tio Alker'mes, Alcher'mes.
A celebrated stimulant electuary, composed of a
multitude of substances ; so called from the grains
of kermes contained in it. Also, kermes.
Alker'va, see Ricinus communis.
Al'kitran, Cedria.
Al'kol, Alcohol.
Al'kool, Alcohol.
Alkym'istre, Alchymist.
Al'la, Cerevisia.
Allaitement, (from allaiter,) Lactation.
Allaiter, (F.) {al, and lait, 'milk,' (L.) adlaC'
tare.) To suckle.
Allaman'da, A. Cathar'tica sen grandiflo'ra.
Ore' lia grandiflo'ra, Gal'arips, Echi'nus scan' -
dens, Apoc"ynum scan'dens, (after Dr. Allamand,
a Leyden naturalist.) A shrub, native of Guiana,
the infusion of whose leaves is said by Linnaeus
to be useful in Colica Pictonum.
Allaman'da Cathar'tica, AUamanda — a.
Grandiflo'ra, AUamanda.
Allanto'des, Allantois.
AUan'toio Ac"id, Ac"idum allanto'icnm, Am'-
nic or Amniot'ic acid. A peculiar acid found in
the liquor of the allantois of the cow.
Allan'toid Vesicle, Allantois.
AUantoi'des, Allantois.
Allan'tois, AUantoi'des, Allanto'des, Memhra'-
na urina'ria, M. seu Tu'nica Farcimina'lis, M.
Tntestina'lis, the Allan'toid Ves'icle, (aXAos, gen.
aXXavTog, ' & sausage,' and £i6oi, 'shape.') A sort
of elongated bladder, between the chorion and
amnion of the foetus, which is thrown out from
the caudal extremity of the embryo, and commu-
nicates with the bladder by the urachus. It is
very apparent in quadrupeds, but not in the hu-
man species. As the allantois is developed, its
walls become very vascular, and contain the rami-
fications of what become the umbilical artery and
vein, which, by the elongation of the allantois,
are brought through the villi of the chorion into
indirect communication with the vessels of th«
mother.
AUantotox'icum, {aXXai, gen. aAAaimjj, 'a
sausage,' and to^ikov, ' a poison.') Sausage poison,
(G.) Wurstgift. The Germans have given
this name to a poison developed in sausages
formed of blood and liver. See Trichina spi-
ralis.
Al'larton's Operation of Lithot'omy, see Li-
thotomy.
Alleo'tuary, Electuarium.
ALLEGHANY
ALLSPICE
35
Al'leghany Moun'tain Springs, These are
situated at the summit of the Alleghany, in Cam-
bria county, Pennsylvania, near Cresson, where
there is an excolleat summer retreat, more than
two thousand feet above the level of the ocean.
The waters are pure. One source, however, Igna'-
tius'a Spring, is chalybeate.
Allelu'ia, Oxalis acetosella.
Allen'thesis, (aAXos, ' another,' and evOttJn, ' in-
troduction.') The entrance into, or presence of
extraneous bodies in, the organism.
Al'lerimbra'bo, (a Brazilian name,) Hyperi-
cum laxiusculum.
Alle' viator, («</, and levare, ' to raise.') An
instrument for raising invalids, invented by Mr.
Jenks, of Rhode Island. It consists of two up-
right posts,- each supported by a pedestal ; two
horizontal bars at the top, a windlass, a cog-
wheel and handle, linen belts, straps, hooks, and
a headpiece made of netting.
Allex, gen. Al' lid's, {aWoiJiai, 'to leap,') Pollex,
or Pollex pedis, see Digitus.
All'flower Wa'ter, see Urine (of cows).
AU'gOOd, Chenopodium bonus llenricus.
Allheal, Heracloum spondylium.
Alliace, Alliaceous.
AUia'ceOUS, AUia'cevs, (F.) AlUady (from alli-
n.) Belonging to garlic, as alliaceous odor.
Allialre, Alliaria.
Allia'ria, (from aUium, its smell resembling
garlic,) A. o^cina'lis, Erys'tmnm allia'ria seu
cordi/o'lium, Sinjpn'brium allia'ria, Jack-iu-the-
hedge,Stink'ing Hedgemustard, Ifedgegarlic, Sance-
alone, Hes'peris allia'ria, (F.) AUiaire. Ord.
Cruciferae. This plant has been sometimes given
in humid asthma and dyspnoea. It is reputed to
be diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscorbutic.
The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup of
alliaria, Sirop d' iryfiimum compose, which is used
in hoarseness.
Allia'ria Ofpicina'lis, Alliaria.
AUigatu'ra, Fascia, Ligature.
AUiot'icus, Alterative.
Allium, (Ph. U. S.,) (fromo^eo, 'I smell.') A.
eati'vum, Thcri'aca rustico' rum, Ampelop'rasuni,
Scor'odo7i, Scor'don, Gar'lic, (F.) Ail. Ord. Lilia-
ceae. Sex. Sijst. Hcxandria Monogynia. A native
of Sicily, but cultivated for use. The hulhs or
cloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, oflFensive, and pen-
etrating odor, and a sweetish, biting, and caustic
taste. Internally, garlic is stimulant, diuretic,
expectorant, emmenagogue (?), diaphoretic, and
anthelmintic. Externally, it is rubefacient, ma-
turative, and repellent; and a gar'lic oint' merit is
made by digesting, at a moderate heat, for half
■ an hour, two or three cloves of fresh gar-lie in an
ounce of lard, and straining. It is applied as a
rubefacient to the chest in croup.
The virtues of the genus Allium depend upon
an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, acids,
and alkalies.
Dose, one to six cloves, swallowed whole, or
from f^ss. to fgij. of the juice.
Till/' lor' 8 Rem'edy for Deafness, a nostrum,
appears to consist of garlic, infused in oil of al-
monds, and colored by alkanet root.
\ Al'liusi Ascalon'icum, Echalotte.
Al'lium Canabkn'se, Meadov)garlic ; indige-
'oous; has the same properties as Allium.
Al'lium Ce'pa, Ce'pa Vulga'ris, Ce'pa, Gai'pa,
Com' monOn' ion, Gepul'la, Crom'myon, (F.) Oignon,
.Ognon. Acrid and stimulating, and possessing
ivery little nutriment. Onions have been used as
stimulants, diuretics, and anthelmintics. The
I boiled or roasted onion, as a cataplasm, is emol-
lient and maturating. The fresh root is rubefa-
cient. The expressed juice is sometimes used in
.otalgia and in rheumatism.
I Al'lium Gal'licum, Portulaca — a. Plantagi-
■(Deum, A. victoriale.
Al'lium Por'rum, Por'rum, P. sati'vum, Pra'-
sum, the Leek or Por'ret, (F.) Poireau, Porreau.
It possesses the same property as the onion.
Al'lium Red'olens, Teucrium scordium — a.
Sativum, Allium.
Al'lium Victoria'le, A. plantagin'eum, Ce'pa
victoria'lis, Victoria' lis lou'ga. The root, which,
when dried, loses its alliaceous smell and taste, is
said to be efficacious in allaying the abdominal
spasms of pregnant women (?).
Al'lo, (aAAos, * another.') In composition, 'an-
other.'
Allochet'ia, Allotriocket'ia, (alio, and xs^et'*,
*to go to stool.') The discharge of extraneous
matters from the bowels. The discharge of faces
by an abnormous opening.
AUochroma'sia, {alio, and Xfx^fia, 'color.') A
change of color.
AUoeopathi'a, {aXXoioi, ' different,' and na^oi,
' affection.') Allo[)athy.
AUoeopath'ic, Allopathic.
AUoeo'sis, [aXXouaais,) Alteration. •
Alloeot'icus, Alterative.
Alloio'sis, Alteration.
Alloiot'icus, Alterative.
A.llotif/etnent, Elongation.
Al'lopath, {alio, and na^oi, 'affection,') Alio-
pathist.
Allop'athes, Allopathic.
Allopathic, Allopath' icHs, AUoeopath'ic, AUoe-
opath'icus, Allop'athes, IJeteropath'ic. Relating to
the ordinary method of medical practice, in con-
tradistinction to the homoeopathic. See Allo-
pathj'.
Allopathic, Allopathy.
Allop'athist, Al'lopath. One who follows al-
lopathy.
AUop'athy, {alio, and i:a^o^, ' affection,') Allo-
p>athi'a, Alkeopathi'a, Hypenantio'sis, Hypenan-
tio'ma, Cura'tio contrario'rum per contra'ria, (F.)
Allopathic. The opposite to homoeopathy; or,
according to Hahnemann, a method of treatment
in which remedial agents are employed, the action
of which, on healthy men, produces morbid phe-
nomena, different from those that are observed in
the sick person. The ordinary medical practic*
is so designated by the homoeopathist.
Alloph'asis, {alio, and (}>a<>),'I say,') Delirium.
Allosteato'des, {alio, (nmp, gen. arcaroq, ' Suet,*
and odes.) Alteration of the sebaceous secretion
of the skin.
AUo'trio, (from aAAor/>wf, 'pertaining te
others ; foreign.') In composition, has these sig-
nifications.
Allotriochet'ia, {allotrio, and ;i^£^«y, ' to go to
stool.') AHochetia.
AUotriodon'tia, {allotrio, and o^ous, o^ovto^, ' a
tooth.') Transplantation of teeth.
AUotrioeC 'crisis, {allotrio, ^mdeKKptaig, 'separa-
tion.') The separation of extraneous matters from
the bod}' in disease.
Allotriogeus'tia, {allotrio, and ytvais, 'taste,')
Parageusis.
AUotriopha'gia, {allotrio, and <pay<a, ' I eat,')
Malacia.
AUotriotex'is, {allotrio, and Ttftj, 'parturi-
tion.') The bringing forth of an abnormous foetus.
AUotriu'ria, {allotrio, and ovpov, 'urine.') Ad-
mixture of foreign matters with the urine.
Allotropie, Allotropism.
AUot'ropism, or Al'lotropism, (F.) Allotro-
pie, {alio, and rporoj, ' a turn or change.') A term
introduced into modern chemistrj', the object of
which is to express the property, possessed by
certain simple bodies, of assuming different qual-
ities on being subjected to certain modes of treat-
ment. Oarbon, for example, furnishes three form»
— plumbago, charcoal, and diamond.
Allo'verish, see Indisposition.
AH'spice, see Myrtus pimenta — a. Buah. Lau-
S6
ALLUCINATIO
ALPHOS
rus Benzoin — a. Carolina, Calycanthus — a.
Wild, Laurus Benzoin.
Allucina'tio, Hallucination.
AJlure, Intluenza.
Alius, gen. Alii, (from aWofiai, 'to leap,') Pol-
lex pedis.
Al'lus Pol'lex, Pollex, see Digitus.
Al'lux, gen. Allu'cis, (from aXXofiai, ' to leap.')
Pollex pedis.
Al'ma, (aXw,) Water (sea).
Alma'riab, see Plumbi oxidum semivitreum.
Almeze'rion, Cneorum tricoccum.
Al'mond, Amygdala.
Al'moxd Bloom. A liquid cosmetic, formed of
Brazil dust 5J., water Oiij.; boil and strain ; and
add isinglass ^vj., grana sylvestria ^ij., or cochi-
neal ^ij,, alum 5J., horax 5iij« j boil again and
strain through a fine cloth.
Al'mond Cake, Amygdalae placenta — a. of the
Ear, Tonsil — a. Earth, Arachis hypogaea — a.
Jordan, see Amygdala — a. Paste, see Amygdalge
pasta — a. Powder, Amygdalas placenta — a. of
the Throat, Tonsil.
Al'nus, A. glutinosa — a. Communis, A. gluti-
nosa.
Al'nus Glutino'sa, Al'nus, A. commu'nis, Cle'-
thra, Bet'nla glutino'sa sou. emargina'ta, Eiirope'an
Al'dcr, (Sc.) Am, Eller. Ord. BetulaceaB. A
tree which grows in Europe, in moist places. The
bark and leaves are astringent and bitter; and
hence are employed in intermittents, and as a
tonic and astringent.
Al'nus Inca'na, Tag Alder. A plant common
in the United States and Canada, the bark of
which is used, both externally and internally, as
a hoemostatic in all forms of hemorrhage in which
astringents are indicated.
Al'nus Ni'gua, Rhamnus frangula.
Al'nus Serkat'ula, American Alder, has simi-
lar properties to A. glutinosa.
Aloclii'a, (a. and Ao;t£'a, 'lochia.') Absence of
the lochial discharge.
Al'oe, or Aloe, (Arab.), Aloes — a. Africana,
Aloes, cape — a. Americana, Agave americana — a.
Babardensis, Aloes hepatica — a. Capensis, Aloes,
cape — a. False, Agave virginica — a. Ferox, Aloes,
cape — a. Purificata, see Aloes succotorina — a.
Root, Aletris farinosa — a. Sucotrine, Aloes suc-
cotorina — a. Spicata, Aloes, cape.
Aloeda'riuiu. A compound medicine, contain-
ing aloes.
Al'oes, or Al'oes, Al'oe, Fel Nntu'rse. The in-
spissated juice of the Aloe. Ord. Asphodeleae.
Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia.
Al'oes Baubaden'sis, A. hepatica — a. dea Bar-
hades, A. hepatica — a. Bethelsdorf, see Aloes,
cape — a. Bombay, A. hepatica.
Al'oes Cabalu'na, A, Guinien'sia, Horse aloes,
Fetid aloes. Used chiefly for horses. It is col-
lected in Spain and Portugal, and is very coarse.
Aloes en Calehasses, A. hepatica.
Al'oes, Cape, Al'oe Gapen'ais, Shi'ning Aloea ;
a cheap and excellent form of aloes, collected at
the Capo of Good Hope, from Aloe fe' vox, A. afri-
•a'ud, A. spica'ta, and other species. The finest
kind is collected at Bethelsdorf, and hence called
Bethel sdorf aloes.
Al'oes, East India, A. succotorina — a. Fetid,
Aloes caballina — a. Guiniensis, A. caballina.
Al'oes Hepat'ica, A. vulga'ris, A. Burbaden'-
818, Al'oS Barbaden' sia, Jlepat'ic al'oea, Bombay'
al'oes, Barba'doea al'oes, A. vulga'ris extrac'tum,
{¥.) Aloes en caUbasses, A. dea Barbades. This
■pecies has a very disagreeable odor, and an in-
tensely bitter and nauseous taste. Properties the
same as the others.
Al'oes, House, A. caballina — a. Lucida, A.
fucootorina — a. Purified, see Aloes succotorina
— a. Shining, Aloes, cape — a. Socotrine, A. suo-
«otorina — a. Spioatao extraotum, A. succotorina.
Al'oes Succotori'na, Soc'otrine al'oe or al'oes,
Al'oe Socotri'na, Tur'key al'oes, East In'dia al'oes.
Aloes lu'cida, A. Zoctori'nia, A. spi'catse extrac'-
tum, An'ima Aloes, is the best species. In the
British Pharmacopoeia (1867), it is said to be
from one or more undetermined species of Aloe.
Its odor is not unpleasant; taste very bitter, and
slightly aromatic; color reddish-brown, with a
shade of purple; mass hard, friable; fracture
conchoidal and glossy ; soluble in dilute alcohol.
Powder of a bright cinnamon-yellow color. It
is cathartic, warm, and stimulating; emmena-
gogue, anthelmintic, and stomachic. As a cathar-
tic, it affects the rectum chiefly. Dose, as a ca-
thartic, gr. V. to 5j. in pill.
Fu'rijied al'oes, Al'oe purifica'ta, (Ph. U. S.,
1873,) is made by melting Socotrine aloes, adding
alcohol, straining and evaporating.
Al'oes, Tur'key, A. succotorina — a. Vulgaris,
A. hepatica — a. V. Extractum, Aloes hepatica —
a. Wood, Agallochum — a. Zoctorinia, A. succo-
torina.
Aloet"'ic, Aloet'ictis. A preparation which con-
tains aloes.
Alo'etin, see Aloin.
Aloex'ylon, {^vXov, * wood,') Agallochum.
Alog'la, (a, andAoyof, 'a word.') See Aphasia.
Alogotroph'ia, {a\oyog, ' disproportionate,' and
Tpo0»7, 'nutrition.') Irregular nutrition. Used
particularly to designate the irregular manner in
wliich the nutrition of bones is effected in rickety
individuals.
Aloin. A crystallized substance obtained from
that portion of aloes which is soluble in water.
Dose as a cathartic, half a grain to two grains.
The soluble uncrystallizable principle of which
aloes mainly consists is called Alo'etin, the dose
of which is slightly less than that of aloes itself.
Alo'peceS, {aXwirrjKEg, from aXoiiTTi^, ' the fox,'
being strong in that animal,') Psoas.
Alope'cia, {a\^>>T[r]KLa, from aXurnr}^, 'a fox,' this
animal being said to be subject to the affection,)
Cajnllo'rum deflu'vium, A'thrix depi'lia, Phalac'ro-
tes, Depila'tio, Tricho'sis A'thrix, Gangrse'na Alo-
pe'cia, Atrich'ia, Deflu'vium scu Lap' sua seu
Flux'us Pilo'rum, Lipsotrich'ia, Vul'pis mor'hus,
Pela'da, Alop'ecy, Baldness, (F.) Pelade. Falling
off of the hair; loss of the hair. When this is
confined to the crown of the head, it is called cal-
vit"ies, although the terms are often used synon-
ymously. When congenital, it is called Atrich'ia
seu Alope'cia adna'ta. The falling off of the
hair in old age is termed Alope'cia seni'lis.
Alope'cia Adna'ta, see Alopecia — a. Areata,
Porrigo decalvans — a. Circumscripta, Porrigo
decalvans — a. Partialis, Porrigo decalvans — a.
Senilis, see Alopecia.
Alop'ecy, Alopecia.
Alouche, Crataegus aria.
Alouch'i. The name of a gum procured from
the canella alba.
Alouchier, Crataegus aria.
Aloitsenel, Cowania Stausburiana,
Al'pam. A shrub which grows on the coast of
Malabar. Certain parts of this, infused in oil,
form an antipsorio ointment. The juice of the
leaves, mixed with that of calamus, is employed
against the bites of serpents.
Al'plienic, Saccharum candidum.
Alphite'don, {a\^iTi)bov, from alphlton, the b ne
being broken into small portions like meal,j isee
Fracture.
Alph'iton, (aXipiTOv,) Polen'ta, Fari'na. Any
kind of meal. Toasted barley-meal. Polenta
means, also, a food composed of Indian meal,
cheese, «fec. See Farina.
Alphon'sin, Alphon'sinum. A kind of bullet
forceps, similar to a Porte-crayon, so called Irom
the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples.
Al'phos, {aX(poi, ' white,') Lepra alphoides.
ALPHOSIS
ALUMINA
37
Alpho'sis ^thiop'ica, see Albino.
Al'phous. Relating or appertaining to Lepra
dphoides.
Alpin'ia Cardamo'mum, (after Prosper Alpi-
lus,) Amomum cardamomum — a. Exaltata, lle-
lealmia exaltata — a. Galanga, Maranta galanga
— a. Tubulata, Ptenealmia exaltata.
AlpistBf Phalaris canariensis.
Alsan'ders, Srnyrniuin olusatrum.
Alsid'ium Helminthocliort'oii, Corallina cor-
icana.
Alsi'ne Avicula'rum, A, media.
Alsi'ne Me'dia, {oKaivri,) A. nviculn'rum seu
ulga'ris, (from aXmg, *a grove,' because growing
bundantly in the woods [?]) Mor'sua Oalli'inr,
Uolos'teum Alsi'tie, Stelln'ria me'dia, Mouse-ear,
Ohickioeed, Chickeninort, (F.) Monron dea Oiaeaujr,
Monjeline, Ord. Carj^ophyllaceai. This plant,
f boiled tender, may be eaten like spinach, and
brms an excellent emollient poultice. It was
brmerly regarded as a vulnerary and detergent.
Alsi'nb Vulga'ris, a. media.
Alsto'nia Theaefor'mis, (after Prof. Charles
Alston, of Edinburgh,) Santa F6 Tea. Nat.
Ord. Apocyne;e. A plant of New Mexico, the
eaves of which are used as tea.
Alstroeme'ria, (after Alstroemer, of Gothen-
mrg.) see Arrow Root.
Al'tafor, Camphor.
Al'ter, (from alter, 'other,') see Unwell.
Al'i'er Sex'us, 'the other sex.' Sex, female.
Al'terans, Alterative.
Alterant, Alterative ; see, also. Alteration.
Altera'tion, Altera' tin, {alter, 'other,') Alloio'-
»{«, Allmo'sis. This word is used iri France to
express any change which supervenes; for exam-
ple, in the expression of the countenance {altera-
tion de la face), or in the structure of an organ
{alteration orfjaiiiqne), or in the nature of fluids
excreted {alteration de I'urine, a. dea larmea, a. du
lait, (fee.)
Alteration is also used in an entirely different
sense, to express intense thirst in disease. In this
icase its etymology is ditFerent. It comes from
haleter, and was formerly written haleteration.
Applied to animals more especially, alteration
is, in common parlance, used for castration.
Al'terative, Al'terana, Alloiot' icua, Alla^ot'ieus,
]Alliot'icui, Lnmu'tana. An agent considered to
;be capable of producing a salutary change in a
disease, but without exciting any sensible evacu-
ation. As medicine impi'oves, this uncertain
class of remedies becomes, of necessity, dimin-
ished in number. See Eutrophic.
(F.) Alterant. The French term likewise means,
that which causes thirst, — Siticulo'aua, Dijwet'i-
eus, — as alterer means both to change and to
cause thirst. S' alterer is to exjjerience a change
for the worse, — {corrum'pi.)
Al'teratives, Re'nal, see Diuretic.
Altercan'g'enon, Hyoscyamus.
Alter'cum, llyoscyamus.
Altered, see Castratus.
Althge'a, {aX^aia, from a')^eziv, 'to heal,') A.
officiiia'lis, Mahavin'cum, AriHtalthse'a, HibWeua,
Hibin'cum, Ibix'chua, Ibia'cha mixinal'va, Biarnal'-
va, Marshmallow, (Prov.) Malice, (F.) Oni-
manve. Ord. Malvaceae. Sex. Syat. Monadel-
phia Polyandria. The leaves, Althir'ai fo'lia, and
root, Althx'ie radix, contain much mucilage.
They are emollient and demulcent, and are em-
ployed wherever medicines, possessing such prop-
erties, are required. In the Ph. U. S. (187o),
Althaea is the root of Aithtea officinalis.
Ai/ih.-e'a Opficixa'ms. Althaja.
Althana'cha, Orpiment.
Althex'is, («X$4tf,) Curatio.
Al'theus, (aA^EUf,) Physician.
Al'thos, (aA^«j,) Medicament.
Altil'ibat, Terebinthina.
Alu'dely Alu'tel, Vi'trum auhlimato'rium. A
hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthenware,
with a short neck projecting at each end, by
means of which one glass might be set upon the
other. The uppermost had no aperture at the
top. Aludels were formerly used in the subli-
mation of various substances.
Alula, (dim. of ala, 'a wing.') A little wing.
Arum, Alumen, Alumina) et ammoniae sul-
phas, Symphytum — a. Cataplasm, Coagulum
aluminis.
Al'iim, Ammo'nia, Aluminae et ammonise sul-
phas — a. Ammonioferric, Ferri et ammonise sul-
phas — a. Burnt, Alumen exsiccatum — a. Com-
mon, Alumen commune — a. Dried, Alumen exsic-
catum — a. Egyptian, ^gyptia stypteria — a.
English, Alumen commune — a. Potassa, Alumen
— a. Rock, Alumen commune.
Al'um, Roch'e, Alu'men de Rochi, (F.) Alun de
Roche. (So called from Roccha in Syria, where
there was a manufactory of it.) It is in pieces of
the size of an almond, covered with a reddish
efflorescence.
Common Roche Alum, Aluhnen Ro'chi Gal'lis.
Fragments of common alum moistened and shaken
with prepared bole. It is white when broken.
Al'um Root, see Geranium, Heuchera cortusa
— a. Roman, Alumen roraanum.
Al'um, Solu'tion of, Com'pound, Liquor alumi-*
nis compositus.
Al'um Springs of Vir'ginia, see Virginia,
mineral waters of.
Alu'men, gen. Alu'minia, (Arabic term, alum,
or aAf, ' a salt,') Al'nui, Aln' minm et Potas'ase
Hi/peraul'phaa seu Sidphaa, Patau' ase et Alu'minm
aulphaa, Alu'minx Snl'jjhaa Acid' ulna cum Potaa'ad,
Alu'mijiee Sidphaa (Ph. U. S., 1863), Ahimiuii et
Potaasii Sulphaa (Ph. U. S., 1873), Sul]:>hate of
Aluminitim and Potaaaium, Sul'phas kal'icoalu-
miii'icum, Sulphaa alumina' vis, Ahi'minse etpotaa'-
aae SuperanVphaa, Argil' la atilphu'rica alcaliaa'fa,
A. vitriola'ta, Stypte'ria, Superavl'phaa Argil' 1st
alcaliaa'tum, Argilla haliaulphu' rica, (F.) Alun.
Potas.«a alum.
Alu'men, (Ph. Br., 1867, and Ph. U. S., 1873,)
Alum, is Aluminse et ammonise aulphaa.
Alu'men Calcinatum, A. exsiccatum — a. Ca^
tinum. Potash of commerce.
Alu'men Commu'ne, Common alum, Evgliah
alum. Rock aliim^ Alumen factifium, A. cryataV-
liiium, A. ru'peum, (F.) Alun d'Augleterre, is the
variety usually employed. It is in octahedral
crystals, but generally in large, white, semitrans-
parent masses; has a sweetish, styptic taste:
effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 parts of
water at 60°. Alum is tonic and astringent, and
as such is used internally and externally. Dose,
gr. V. to XV. In large doses, it is emetic and
cathartic.
Alu'men Crystal'lindm, A. commune.
Alu'men Exsicca'tum, Alumen ux'tum seu 8tc-
ca'tum seu calciua'tum, Aluminee aul'phaa fu'aua,
Argil' 1(1 aulphu'rica un'ta, Burnt alum. Dried alum,
(F.) Alan calcine. Alum melted in an earthen
vessel until ebullition ceases. Escharotic.
Alu'men rACTiT"iiM. A. commune — a. Fajcum,
see Potash — a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sulphatis alu-
minae compositus — a. de Rochi, Alum, roche —
a. Rochi gallis, Alum, roche.
Alu'men Roma'num, Ro'man alum, A. Ru'tilum
seu Ru'brum, (F.) Alun de Rome. In crystals,
which are of a pale red when broken, and cov-
ered with a reddish efflorescence.
Alu'men Ru'brum, A. romanum — a. Rupeum,
A. commune — a. Rutilum, A. romanum — a.
Siccatum, Alumen exsiccatum — a. Usteum, A.
exsiccatum.
Alu'mina, Acetate of, Aluminse acetas — a.
Acetica, Aluminae acetas — a. and Ammonia, Sul-
phate of, Aluminae et ammoniae sulphas — a.
38
ALUMINA
Benzinated Solution of, see Aluminae sulphas —
a. Depurata, Argilla pura.
Alumina and Iron, Sulphate of. This double
«alt, formed by dissolving alumina and carbonate
•f iron in sulphuric acid, is astringent, styptic,
And vermifuge. Dose five to ten grains.
Alumina Puha, Argilla pura — a. Sulphate of,
Aluminte sulphas — a. Tannate of. See Tannin.
Alu'minae Accf'taS, Argil'lse Ace'tas, Alu'mina
8eu Argil'Ut ace'tica, Ac"etate of Alu'mina. A
deliquescent salt, obtained by the addition of
acetate of lead to sulphate of alumina and potaasa.
It possesses the same properties as the sulphate
of alumina. Ganikal'a Solution for preserving ani-
mal substances is made by dissolving an ounce of
acetate of alumina in twenty ounces of water.
Alu'miNtB et Ammo'ni^ Sul'phas, Sulphate of
alumina and ammonia. Ammonia alum. A com-
bination of sulphate of alumina and sulphate of
ammonia (Ph. U. S., 1863). The term Alumen,
(Ph. U. S., 1873,) Sulphate of Aluminium and
Ammonium, Alum., is applied to this salt, which is
made by adding sulphate of ammonium to the
solution of sulphate of aluminium.
Alu'mina et Potas's^ Hypersul'phas, Alu-
men — a. et Potassae supersulphas, Alumen — a.
et Potassae sulphas, Alumen.
Alu'mina Sul'phas, Aluminii Sulphas (Ph. U.
8., 1873), Argll'lse Sul'phas, Snl'phate of Alu'-
mina, S. of Aluminium, (F.) Sulfate d'Alumine.
Simple sulphate of alumina may be made by the
direct combination of alumina and sulphuric acid,
and contains 30 per cent, of the former to 70 per
cent, of the latter. In the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States (1873), it is directed to be pre-
pared by double decomposition from alum, (sul-
phate of alumina and ammonia,) and carbonate
of sodium; dissolving the precipitate in dilute
sulphuric acid. It is a deliquescent salt, and is
an excellent antiseptic and detergent to ulcers.
It is chiefly used to preserve dead bodies — a
strong solution — one pound in two pints of water
— being injected into the arteries.
A ben'zinated solu'tion of alumina ; formed of
sulphate of alumina, ^viij., dissolved in water
^xvi., and saturated with hydrated alumina; with
which selected benzoin balsam, ^x'y, are digested for
six hours, and the whole filtered — has been used
as a styptic, and, largely diluted with water, as
an injection in leucorrhoja and ulcerous aflFections.
Alu'mina Sui/phas Ac"idulu3 cum Potas'sI;
Alumen — a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum.
Alumine Jfactice, Argilla pura.
Alumin'ii Ox'idum, Argilla pura— a. et Potas-
sae sulphas, Alumen — a. Sulphas, Aluminae sulphas.
Aluminium, Chloride of, Chloraium — a. Sul-
phate of, Aluminas sulphas.
Aluminium and Potassium, Sulphate of, Alumen.
Alun, Alumen — a. d'Angleterre, Alumen com-
mune — a. Culcinf., Alumen exsiccatum — a. de
Moche, Alum, rocho — a, de Rome, Alumen ro-
manum.
Alun'sel, Gutta.
A'lus, Symphytum.
Alu'sia, (aAvu), 'I wander,') Hallucination — a.
Hypochondriasis, Hypochondriasis.
Alu'tel, Aludel.
Al'vaquil'la, Paoraloa glandulosa.
Al'varas Ni'gra, Ichthyosis.
Alvea'rium, {aloeus, 'a cavity,') Auditory
canal, external.
Altu'-olnlri'f Alveolar.
Alva'olar, Alveola'ris, (diminutive of alveus,
'a cavity,') {"E.) Alviolaire. That which relates
io the alveoli.
Alvr'olau Ab'scess, Parulis.
Alvk/olaK Au'cuks, (F.) Arcades alv/olaircs,
are formed by the margins or borders, Ju'tja al-
vcola'rin, of tho two jaw8, which are hollowed by
(he alveolL
AMADOUVIEE
Alte'olar Ar'teby, Supramax'illary A., Ai^
teria Alveolaris, Arth-e sus-maxillaire of Chaus
sier, ari?es from the internal maxillary, descends
behind the tuberosity of the upper jaw, and
gives branches to the upper molar teeth, gums,
periosteum, membrane of the maxillary sinus,
and buccinator muscle.
Alve'olau Bor'dkr, Lim'bus alveola'ris. The
part of the jaws that is hollowed by the alveoli.
Alve'olar Mem'buanes are very fine mem-
branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli, and ^
formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which i
enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum. By
some, this membrane has been called the alve'olo-
den'tal perios' teum.
Alve'olar Vein. This has a similar distribu-
tion with the artery.
Alveole, Alveolus.
Alve'oli, see Alveolus — a. Dentis, see Alveolus
— a. Laryngei, Ventricles of the larynx.
Alve'oloden'tal Perios'teum, see Alveolar
membranes. T
Alveololabial, Buccinator.
Alve'olus, (same etymon as Alveolar,) Bo'-
thrion, Odontoboth'rium, Odontophat'ne, Fre'na
[Alve'oli), Btortari'olum, Holmis'cus, Prsesepi' olnm,
Phat'ne, Phat'nion, Prgese'pium, Pat'ne, Path'ne,
{¥.)■ Alveole. The alveoli are the sockets of the
teeth, Alve'oli den'tis, Mae'nia seu Caver'nae den'-
tium, into which they are, as it were, driven. H
i Their size and shape are determined by the teeth 1}
which they receive, and they are pierced at the ''
apex by small holes, which give passage to the
dental vessels and nerves.
Al'veus, (' a cavity,') Auge — a. Ampullescens,
Thoracic duct, Receptaculum chyli — a. Ampul-
losus, Receptaculum chyli — a. Communis, see
Semicircular canals — a. Urogenitalis, see Ejacu-
latory ducts — a. Utriculosus, see Semicircular
canals.
Al'vi Astric'tio, Constipation — a. Excretio,
Defecation — a. Fluxus, Diarrhoea — a. Fluxus
aquosus. Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas, Diarrhoea — a.
Profluvium, Diarrhoea.
Alvidu'cus, {ahms, 'the abdomen,' and dncere,
'to lead,') Laxative.
Al'vine, Alvi'nus, [alvus, * the abdomen.') That
which relates to the lower belly, as alviue dejec-
tions, aluine flux, alviue obstructions, Ac.
Al'vum Evac'uans, Cathartic.
Al'vus, Abdomen, Uterus — a. Adstricta seu
Astricta, Constipation — a. Cita, Diarrhoea — a.
Dura, Constipation — a. Renum, Pelvis of the kid-
ney — a. Segnis, Constipation — a. Tarda, Consti-
pation — a. Viridis, Dejection.
Al'yce, (aXvKij,) Anxiety.
Alymph'ia) {a, and lympha, 'lymph.') Want
of lymph.
Al'ypOIl, (aXvTzov, from a, and Xvnr/, 'pain.')
An acrid, purging plant, described by Matthiolus.
By some it has been supposed to be tho Globula'-
ria al'ypum of botanists.
Al'ysis, (aAuiTif,) Anxiety.
Alys'mus, (aXvafOi,) Anxiety,
Alys'sum Plin'ii, (a, and Xvava, 'hydropho-
bia,') Galium mdUugo.
Alys'sus, {a, and lyssa,) Antihydrophobie.
Alyx'ia Aromat'ica, A. stellata.
Alvx'ia Siella'ta, (an Indian name, [?]) A.
aromat' ica, (F.) Alyxie aromatique. A plant of
tho family Apocynaceai, the bark of which re-
sembles canella alba, and is used in Batavia ia
pernicious fevers.
Al'zilat. In some of the Arabian writers, a
weight of three grains.
Am, as a prefix, like Amphi.
Amab'ild, ('lovely,' amo, 'I love,') Lacuna
labii sujterioris.
Amadou, Boletus igniarius.
Aina^douvieVf Boletus igniarius.
AMAIGRIR
AMBLYOPIA
39
Amnigrir, (from maigre, (L.) macer, Mean/)
Emaciate.
Aynaigrissementf Emaciation.
Amargam, Amal'gama, {afia, ' with,' and yantu),
*1 unite, marry.' [?J) A mixture of mercury and
other metals. An amalgam of silver has been
ttsed, in dentistry, for filling teeth.
Amalgama'tion, see Miscegenation.
Amand (Saint), Min'eral Wa'ters of, Saint-
Amand-les-Eaux. These springs, in the depart-
ment Nord, France, are thermal (77° Fahr.), car-
bonated chalybeates ; and are much used inter-
nally, or in the form of bones, in chronic affec-
tions of the digestive organs and liver, and in
rheumatism.
A.niandes Amdres, see Amygdala — a. Doucesy
6ee Amygdala.
Amandine, see Casein.
Amani'tae, {aixavnai, from a, and ftavta, * mad-
ness:' i. e. 'not poisonous.' [?]) A name given,
by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible cham-
pignona. Amanita forms, at the present day, a
genus, some of which are edible, others poisonous.
Among others, it contains the Agaricua aurantia-
CU8, and A. pseudo-auran dacna.
Ama'ra DuFcis, ('bitter sweet,') Solanum dul-
camara.
Amaraci'num. An ancient and esteemed plas-
ter, containing several aromatics, the marjoram,
{anapuKos,) in particular.
Amar'acus, [afiapaKos,) Origanum majorana —
a. Tomentosus, Origanum dictamnus.
Amaranthus HypocLondri'acus, Prince's
Feather. The leaves of this plant, which grows
sparingly in the Middle States, are said to be as-
tringent.
Amarif'ies, Bitterness.
Amaritu'do, Bitterness.
Ama'ror, Bitterness.
Amarucachu, Polianthes tuberosa.
Ama'rus, Pi'croa, 'bitter,' (F.) Am^r. The
bitter principle of vegetables is the great natural
tonic, and hence bitters, as they are termed col-
lectively, belong to the class of tonics. Several
are used in medicine ; the chief are, gentian, quas-
sia, cinchona, calumba, dogwood, &q.
Amas Murifomef see Muriform.
Amase'sis, Amasse'sis, (a, and fiaarjatg, 'mas-
tication.') Mastication when impeded or imprac-
ticable.
Amasse'sis, Amasesis.
Am'ates, Amethyst.
Amato'rii, Oblique muscles of the eye.
Amato'rium, Lacuna labii superioris — a. Ve-
neficium. Philter.
Amato'rius Mus'culus, see Oblique muscles of
the eye.
Am'atyste, Amethyst.
Amauro'sis, Ob/usca'tio, Offasca'tio, {ajiav-
pws-tj, from ufjiavpog, 'obscure,' and osis.) Urop
serene', Gut'ta sere'na, Catarac'te ni'gra, Pnrop'-
sis amaurosis, ImmobiVitas pupil' Ise, Suffu'sio ni'-
gra, Blavk cat'antct, Ner'vous blind' ness, (F.)
Gnutte-aereine, Cataracte noire, Anopticonervie of
Piorry. Diminution, or complete loss of sight,
without any perceptible alteration in the organi-
zation of the eyes; generally, owing to loss of
power of the optic nerve or retina — Optic, anspsthe'-
si't — from primary or degenerative atrophy of
that nerve. Counter-irritants are the most suc-
cessful remedial agents, although the disease is
always very difficult of removal, and generally
totally incurable. See Amblyopia.
Amauro'sis Dimidia'ta, Ilemiopia — a. Diurnal,
Nyctalopia — a. Imperfecta, Hyii()ainaurosis —
a. Nocturnal, Hemeralopia — a. Tobacco, Tobacco
amaurosis.
Amaurot'ic, (aiiavpuTtKOi,) Anumro'ticua, (F.)
AiiKinrotique. Affected with amaurosis.
Amaurot'ic Cat's Eye, Galeamauro'aia. A
name given by Beer to an amaurotic affection,
accompanied by a remarkable change of color in
the pupil, which presents, apparently in the fun-
dus of the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or brown-
ish-yellow, instead of its natural clear black.
Ama'zia, {a, and /ua^oj, 'breast.') A monstrosity,
in which there is absence of one or both breasts,
Amb, as a prefix, see Am.
Am'bar, Ambergris.
Am'barum, Ambergris — a. Cineritium, Am-
bergris.
Am'be, (a/^/3»j, from ajx^aivw, 'J. ascend,') Amhi.
A superficial eminence on a bone. Also, an old
surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the
shoulder; the invention of which is ascribed to
Hippocrates. It is no longer used. See Crista.
Am'ber, Succinum — a. Gray, Ambergris — a.
Liquid, see Liquidamber styraciflua — a. Yellow,
Succinum.
Am'bergris, 'gray amber,* Am'bar, Am'bar,
Am'bra gri'sea seu cinera'cea seu ambroai' aca^
Am'barum, Sue' cinum cine' reum sen gri'seuni, Am'-
barum cinerit"ium. A concrete substance, of the
consistence of wax, cineritious color, studded with
yellow and blackish spots, and exhaling a very
pleasant odor. It seems highly pi'obable that
ambergris is formed in the intestines of the sper-
maceti whale, and voided With its excrement.
Like all aromatic substances, ambergris is slightly
antispasmodic and excitan*;; but it is oftener
employed as a perfume than as a medicine.
Ambi, Ambe.
Am'bia. A liquid, yellow bitumen, the smell and
virtues of which are similar to those of the resin
tacamahaca. It is obtained from a spring in
India.
Am'bicus, Alembic.
Ambidex'ter, AmpMdex'ius, (ambo, ' both,' and
dexter, 'right.') One who uses both hands with
equal facility. Celsus says the surgeon ought to
bo ' non tninus 8inintrd quam dextrd promptus,' One
of the aphorisms of Hippocrates says, that a
woman is never ambidexter. This is a mistake.
Ambilae'vTis, {ambo, and Ixvus, 'left,') Ampha-
risteros.
Ambio'pia, {ambo, andwi/^, 'the eye,') Diplopia.
Am'bitus Genita'lis Muli'ebris, {ambitus, ' cir-
cumference,') Vestibule.
Amblo'ma, gen. Amblo'matis, (a///3Awf«a, from a,
and jSAwffvw, 'I go,' [?]) Abortion.
Amblo'sis, (a/ij3Awo-(f,) Abortion.
Amblos'mus, Abortion.
Amblothrid'ion, {afxfiXo&piiiov,) see Abortion.
Amblothrid'ium, Abortive.
Amblot'icus, Abortive.
Am'bly, (from a/ij8Aoj 'obscure,') in composi-
tion, obscure.
Amblyaph'ia, {ambhj, and a(/>»7, 'feeling.') Dul-
ness of the sense of touch.
Amblyog'mus, {afxiSXvojyiMi,) Amblyopia.
Amblyo'pia, (a^jSAuwrm, from ambly, and (nxp,
' the eye,') Amaurotic Amblyopia, Amblyos'mus,
Aiublyog'mus, Amplio'pia (so called by some, ac-
cording to Castelli, ob ignorantiam Grsecie linguie),
Hebetu'do vi'sus, Feebleness of sight, (F.) Amhly-
opie, Vue/aible. An impairment of vision caused
by irregularities in the nervous system or the cir-
culation, which may lead to degenerative atrophy
of the optic nerve, and thus produce amaurosis.
Amblyo'pia, Am au none. Amblyopia.
Amblyo'pia Ckepuscula'ius, Hemeralopia —
a. Dissitorum, Myopia — a. Meridiana, Nycta-
lopia.
Amblyo'pia ex Anopsia is caused by non-uso
of an eye, when excluded for any length of time
from binocular vision.
Amblyo'pia Potatorum. The amblyopia of ■
drunkards.
Amblyo'pia PnoxiMORUM, Presbytia.
Amblyo'pia, Uk^hic. A form of the disea.s«
40
AMBLYOSMUS
AMIDON
due to uraemic blood-poisoning, which occurs in
JBright's disease.
Amblyosm'us, Amblyopia.
Ambol'icus, (/?«AAw, ' I east out.') Abortive.
Am'bon, {afi(iutv, ' the raised rim of a shield or
dish/ from a^^aiiu), '1 ascend.') The fibro-carti-
laginous rings or bonrrelets, which surround the
articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the
scapula, the acetabulum, &c., have been so called.
See Crista.
Am'bor, Ambergris.
Amboy'na Pimple, see Pimple.
Am'bra, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaca, Amber-
gris — a. Cincracea, Ambergris.
Am'bra Gri'sea, Ambergris.
Ambre JSlane, see Succinum — a. Jaune, Succi-
num.
A.mbreUe, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
Ambri'na Ambrosioi'des, Chenopodium am-
brosio'ides — a, Anthelmintica, Chenopodium an-
thelminticum — a. Botrys, Chenopodium botrys.
Ambrmsie du Mexique, Chenopodium ambro-
fiioides.
Ambro'sia, {ayi^i^oaia, from a, and ^poroi, ' mor-
tal.') Food which makes immortal, or the food
of immortals. Food ;f the gods. — See, also,
Chenopodium botrys.
Ambro'sia Ela'tior, see A. trifida.
Ambro'sia Marit'i.ma. Ord. Compositas. A
plant which grows on the shores of the Levant,
and has a pleasant, bitter, and aromatic taste.
It is given in infusion, as a tonic and antispas-
modic.
Ambro'sia Trip'ida, Horae'weed, Jiich'weed,
Horse' mint, Horse' cane, Bit'tenveed, Great or Tall
Racj'weed, Wild Hem}^. This indigenous plant is
found in low grounds, and along streams, from
Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana and
Arkansas. It is an annual, and flowers in Au-
gust and September. An infusion has been re-
commended locally in mercurial salivation.
Ambrosia Ela'tior, Ragweed, is said by Dr. R.
E. GriflSth to have much more developed sensible
properties.
Ambrosie du Mexique, Chenopodium ambro-
sioides.
Ambulance (F.), HSpital ambulant, {amhulare,
*to walk.') A military hospital attached to an
army, and moving along with it. Also, a vehicle
for the conveyance of the sick and wounded.
Am'bulans, Ambulatory.
Ambulant, Ambulatory.
Ambula'tio, {ambulare, ambulatum, 'to walk,')
Walking.
Am'bulatory, Am'bulans, Ambnlati'vus, Am'-
lulative, (F.) Ambxdaut. A morbid affection is
said to be 'ambulatory,' (F.) ambulant, when it
»kips from one part to another; as ErysipUes
ambulants, <fcc. When blisters are applied succes-
sively on different parts of the body, they are
called VSaicaloires ambulants.
Ambulei'a, Cichorium intybus.
Am'buli. The Brahmanic name for an In-
dian aquatic herb, which appears to belong to the
family Lynimachine. The whole plant has a sweet
smell. Its decoction has a very bitter taste, and
is an excellent febrifuge. It is also taken in milk
in cases of vertigo.
Am'buloflatulen'tus et Furio'sus, Fla'tus
/urio'mis, Vare'ui. Painful, mobile, and periodi-
cal tumors affecting different parts, which were
once considered as the effect of very subtile va-
pors. Their nature is by no means clear.
Ambus' tio, (a»j6t, 'around,' a,nd urcre, ustum,
*to burn,') Burn.
Ambus'tum, see Burn — a. ex Frigore, see Con-
felution.
Ambu'tua, Pareira brava.
Ambuva-embo. A very beautiful, creeping
aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is
I exhibited successfully in obstructions. It is also
used in fumigation and in baths as a tonic.
Ante, Anima.
Ameli. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a genue
unknown. The decoction of its leaves is said to
relieve colic. Its roots, boiled in oil, are used to
repel tumors.
Ameli'a, (az-ctXeta,) Apathy.
Anielle-les- Bains, see Aries.
Ame'nia, (a, and uriv, ' a month,') Amenorrhoea,
Emmenagogues.
Amenoma'nia, Chairoma'nia, Chspronui'nia,
{amcenns, ' agreeable,' and fiavia, ' mania.') A gay
form of insanity.
Amenorrhoe'a, Parame'nia obstrnctio'nis, Me-
nocryjjh'ia, JJenosta'sia, Apophrax'is, Arrhoe'a,
Defec'tus seu Reman' sio seu Cessa'tio men'sium,
Menstrua'tio impedi'ta, Ischome'nia, Ame'nia,
Ametrohse' mia, (from a, vienes, and p£w, 'Iflow.')
Suppres'sion of the men'ses, (F.) Siijipression dti
Jlux rnenstruel. This suppression is most com-
monly symptomatic, and hence the chief attention
must be paid to the cause. Usually, there is an
atonic state of the system generally, and hence
chalybeates and other tonics are advisable.
Two great varieties of Amenorrhcea are com-
monly reckoned. 1. A. Emansio'nis, Eman'sio
n.en'sium, Jlenis'chesis, llenos'cheais, Menstrua' tio
reten'ta, Meit'siumreteu'tio, Reten'tion of the men'-
ses, when the menses do not appear at the usual
age ; and, 2, Suppres'sio Meu'sium seu Menstru-
atio'nis, Amenorrha;' a Sujjpressio'uis, Interrvp' tio
menstruatio'nis, Menitrua'tio suppres'sa, in which
the catamenia are obstructed in their regular pe-
riods of recurrence. — The menses may also be se-
creted, but not evacuated. See Emansio Mensium
and Menses.
Amenorrhce'a Diffic"ilis, Dysmenorrhoea —
a. Emansionis, see Amenorrhcea — a. Hymenica,
see Hymenica Amenorrhcea — a. Partialis, Dys-
menorrhoea — a. Suppressionis, see Amenorrhcea.
Amen'tia, {a, and mens, mentis, 'mind,') De-
mentia; see, also, Fatuitas, and Idiotism — a. In-
genita, Idiotism — a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged.
Amer, Amarus — a. de Boeuf, Bile of the ox — ■
a. de Welther, Acid, carbazotic.
Amer'ican, see Homo.
America'num Tubero'sum, Solanum tubero-
sum.
Amertume, {irova amer, (L.) amarua, 'bitter,')
Bitterness.
Am'ethyst, Amethys'tus, Am'otyste, Am'ates, (a,
and ficdvw, ' I am drunk.') A precious stone, to
which the ancients attributed the property of pre-
venting drunkenness. It was also used as an
antidiarrhoeic and absorbent.
Ameth'ysum, {ajxe^vaov,) Amethys'tum, {afis-
&vaTov,) [remedium.) A remedy for drunkenness.
Amet'ria, (ufitrpto, from a, and fxerpov, ' meas-
ure.') Intemperance. Also, absence of the
uterus ; (a, and nv^pa, ' the uterus,') Ame'tria.
Ametrohse'mia, {a, /ivrpa, 'uterus,' and aifiOf
'blood,') Amenoirhooa.
Ametro'pia, («, (ler^ov, ' measure,' and m^p, ' the
eye.') An abnormal condition of the dioptric media
of the eye, in which parallel rays of light are not ex-
actly focused on the retina when the eye is at rest.
See Emmetropia.
Amian'thium Musosetox'icum, (a,«ain-of,
'pure,' and av^g, 'a flower,') Melan'thium muscse-
tox'icnm, Helo'nias erythroxperm'a, Fly'yoison,
Fall'poison. Ord. Melanthaceee. Indigenous. A
narcotic poison, not used, however.
Amic'ulum, {ami<-i<>, ' I wrap around,') Amnion.
AniidolUiue, {amidum, 'starch.') Appertain-
ing or belonging to starch. M. B6ral calls medi^
caments amidoliques those which owe their general
properties to starch.
Aniidon, Amylum — a. lodure d', Starchy
iodide of.
AMIDONNIERE
AMMONIA
41
Anhid<yn.nidre, (from Amidon,) Arum Macula-
tnm.
Am'idum, Amylum.
Aminae'a, Anime.
Aminae'um (from Aminsea, a region of Italy)
Vinum, Amwe'an wine, highly esteemed as a
Btomachic. Virgil distinguishes it from the Fa-
lernian.
Am'ma, {ajina,) gen. Am'matis, Truss.
Ani'mi, {aytm,) Ammi ma'jus seu cicutsefo' Hum
aeu vulga're seu Bolbe'ri, Am'mios murica'ta,
JEthn'sa, A'pinm ammi, Bish'op's weed. The seeds
of this plant are aromatic and pungent. They
are said to be carminative and diuretic, and are
tonic and stomachic.
Am'mi Bolbe'ri, Ammi — a, de8 Boutiques, see
Sison ammi — a. Cicutaefolium, Ammi — a. Ma-
jus, Ammi — a. Verum, see Sison ammi — a.
Vulgare, Ammi.
Am'mioa, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
Am'mios Murica'ta, Ammi.
Ammis'mus, {afxuoq, ' sand/) Psammismus.
Ammocho'sia, Ammocho'ais, {ufiixo^, ' sand,' and
Xew, 'I pour.') Arena'tio. Putting the human
body in hot sand, for the cure of disease.
Ammo'nia, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'acal gaa,
Vol'atile al'kali, Al'kali amtnoni' acum caus'ticum,
A. volat'ile cans' ticuin, Ammo'nia cans' tica seu
pu'ra, Ammoni' acum, A. caus'ticum, Gas ammonia-
ca'le, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (F.) Ammoniaque, Air
alcaliii, Gaz nmmoniacal. An alkali, so called, be-
cause obtained principally by decomposing sal
ammoniac {muriate of ammonia) by lime. This
gas is colorless, transparent, elastic, of a pungent,
characteristic odor, and an acrid, urinous taste.
It turns the syrup of violets green, and its specific
gravity is 0*596. When inhaled, largely diluted
with common air, it is a powerful irritant. When
unmixed, it instantly induces suffocation.
Ammo'nia, Acetate of, solution of. Liquor
ammonias acetatis — a. Arseniate of, Arseniate of
ammonia — a. Benzoate of, Ammoniae benzoas —
a. Bicarbonate of, Ammoniae bicarbonas — a.
Boras, Ammonia, borate of — a. Carbazotate of,
Carbazotate of ammonia — a. Carbonate of, Am-
monite carbonas — a. Caustica, Ammonia — a.
Causticaliquida, Liquor ammoniae — a. Chlorohy-
drate of, Ammoniae murias — a. Citrate of, Ammo-
niae citras — a. Formiate of, Formiate of ammo-
nia — a. Hydriodate of. Ammonium, iodide of —
a. Hydrochlorate of, Ammoniae murias — a. Hy-
drosulphuret of, Ammoniae sulphuretum — a. Hy-
pophosphite of, see Calcis hypophosphis — a.
Iodide of, see Iodine — a. and Iron, tartrate of,
Ferri et ammoniae tartras — a. Liniment of, strong,
Linimentum ammonite — a. Liquida, Liquor am-
moniae — a. Muriatica, Ammoniae murias — a
Nitrate of. Ammoniac nitras — a. Nitrosulphate
of, Ammoniae nitrosulphas — a. Phosphate of,
Ammoniae phosphas — a. Praeparata, Ammoniae
carbonas — a. Pura, Ammonia — a. Pura liquida.
Liquor ammoniae — a. Solution of. Liquor ammo-
niae — a. Solution of, stronger, Liquor ammoniae
fortior — a. Subcarbonate of, Ammoniae carbonas
— a. Succinate of, see Succinic acid — a. Sulphate
af, Ammoniie sulphas— a. Sulphuretof, Ammonia)
sulphuretum — a. Tartrate of, Ammoniae tartras —
a. Urate of, see Urates— a. Valerianate of, Ammo-
i nite valerianas.
Ammo'niac Gum, (anynavmKOv,) Ammoni'acum
(Ph. U. S.), Gum' mi Ammoni' acum, Armoni'acum,
Mate' Hum, (F.) Ammoniac, Gomme ammoniaque,
(from Ammonia, in Lybia, whence it is brought.)
A gum-resin, the concrete juice of Dore'ma am-
, moni'acum, of Persia : a species of a genus allied
i to Ferula; and also the gum-resin of Fer'ula tin-
i gita'na. The latter is the ammoniacum of com-
merce. It is in irregular, dry masses and tears,
' yellow externally, whitish within. Its odor is
peculiar, and not ungrateful: taste nauseous.
sweet, and bitter. It forms a white emulsion with
water; is soluble in vinegar, partially so in alco-
hol, ether, and solutions of the alkalies.
Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, * deobstru-
ent' (?), antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent.
It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity,
and in the formation of certain plasters. Dose,
gr. x.-xxx., in emulsion.
Two varieties are met with in the market, Gvt-
tie ammoni' aci, the best; and La'pis ammoni' aci,
the more impure.
Ammo'niac, Sal, Ammoniae murias.
Ammoni'acse Ni'tras, Ammoniaa nitras — a.
Sulphas, Ammonias sulphas — a. Sulphuretum,
Ammoniae sulphuretum.
Ammoni'acum, Ammonia, Ammoniac gum —
a. Causticum, Ammonia — a. Hydrochloratum
ferratum, Ferrum ammoniatum — a. Succina-
tum, Spiritus ammoniae succinatus — a. Volatile
mite, Ammonise carbonas.
/ Ammo'nise Ace'tas, Liquor ammoniae acetatis
— a. Arsenias, Arseniate of ammonia.
Ammo'nia Benzo'as (Ph. B., 1867), Ammonii
lienzoas (Ph. U. S., 1873). Ben'zoate of Ammonia,
B. of Ammonhim, (F.) Benzoate d' Ammoniaque.
A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and
ammonia, which has been prescribed for the re-
moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda in
the joints. It is regarded as a good diuretic.
Dose, gr. xv. to xxx. and more.
Ammo'nia Bicarbo'nas, Bicarb'onate of Ammo'-
nia, was ofiicinal in the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. It
has the same properties as the carbonate, and is
more palatable. Dose, gr. vi. to xxiv.
Ammo'nia Bo'ras, Borate of Ammonia, made
by dissolving boracic acid in heated water of am-
monia. Used in renal colic, catarrh of bladder,<fcc.
Ammo'nI-S: Caubo'nas, Ammonii Carbonas, (Ph.
U. S., 1873,) A. eubcarbo'nas seu Sesqnicarbo' nas.
Salt of bones, Sal Os'sium, Siil Fulig"ini8, Salt
of woodsoof, Salt of u'rine, Vol'atile Sal Ammo'-
nis", Ba'ker's Snlt, Al'cali volat'ile aera'tum, A.
volat'ile ammoniaca'le. A, volat'ile ex sa'le awmo-
ni'aco, Ammoni'acum volat'ile mi'te, Ammonium,
carbo'nicum seu subcarbo'nenm, Ammonise carbo'-
nas alkali'nus sen incomjjle'ttis seu euperammoni' -
acus, Ammoniae hyjjocarbo'nos, Flo'rea sa'lis am-
moni' aci, Sal cor'nu cer'vi volat'ile, Sal volat'ilig
sa'lis ammoni' aci, Con'crete or mild vol'atile al'-
kali, Car'bonate or Subcar' bonate of ammo'nia.
Carbonate of ammonium. Ammonia prsepara'ia, Sal
volat'ile, Smell'ing salt, (F.) Carbonate d'ammo-
niaque, Sel volatil d'Angleterre, (Ammon. mnriat.
Ibj.; Cretae ftiss. Sublime — Ph. U. S.) (Formerly
obtained by the dry distillation of hartshorn, —
Carbonate d' Ammoniaque Empyreumatique, Scl
volatil de Come de Cerf, — bones and other animal
matters.) A white, striated, crystalline mass ; odor
and taste pungent and ammoniacal; soluble in
two parts of water ; insoluble in alcohol ; efflo-
resces in the air. It is stimulant, antacid, diapho-
retic, expectorant, and antispasmodic. Dose,
gr. V. to XV.
Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form
effervescing draughts. One scruple saturates six
fluidrachms of lemon juice, twenty-six grains of
crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-six grains
of crystallized citric acid.
Carbonate of ammonia is the usual smell'ing
salts. When a few drops of Aqua ammonia) for-
tior are added to it coarsely powdered, and some
volatile oil, it forms Pres'ton Salts.
The French Codex (1866) also contains an Exprit
Volatil de Come de Cerf, and Huile Volatile de
Corne de Cerf.
AM'MONiyE Carbo'nas Alkali'nus, A. carbonas
— a. C. incompletus, A. carbonas — a. C. super-
ammoniacus, A. carbonas.
Am'monIv*; Ci'tras, Ci' irate of Ammonia. Made
by saturating lemon or lime juice, or a solution of
42
AMMONIA
AMMONIUM
citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia. It may
also be made extemporaneously, and taken in an
efiervescing state. Seventeen grains of citric acid,
or half a fluidounce of lemon juice, will be suffi-
cient for thirteen grains of carbonate of ammonia.
Ammo'ni^ Cuprosui/phas, Cuprum ammonia-
tura — a. et Ferri Marias, Ferrum ammonia-
tum — a. Ferro-citras, Ferri ammonio-citras —
a. Hydriodas, Ammonium, Iodide of — a. Hydro-
chloras. Ammonite murias — a. Ilydrosulphas,
Ammoniae sulphuretum — a. Hydrosulphuretum,
Ammonige sulphui'etum, see Liquor fumans Boylii
— a. Hypocarbonas, Ammonia) carbonas.
AMMO'NiiE Mij'rias (Ph. U. S., 1863), Mu'riate
of Ammonia, Chloride of Ammonium, HydrocJdo' -
rate of Ammonia^ Ohlorohy' drate of Ammonia, Sal
Ammoni'acum, Snl Ammo' nine, Sal Ammoni'acna,
Ammo'nia Muriat' ica, Ammonii Chloridum (Ph.
U.S. ,1873), Ammo' niam Muria'tum, Amnio'uise Hy-
drochlo'ras, Ghlorure' turn ammo'nicum, Sal Arme-
nia'cum, Sal' mine, Fuli'go Al'ha Philonopho' rum,
Misadir, (F.) Muriate d'Ammotiiaque, S>'l Ammo-
niac ou Armeniac, (from the temple of Jupiter
Ammon, near which it was obtained.) A saline
concrete, formed by the combination of muriatic
acid with ammonia. In Egypt it is manufactured
in large quantities by subliming the soot formed
by burning camel's dung — 26 pounds of the soot
yielding 6 pounds. It is also prepared, in great
quantities, by adding sulphuric acid to the vola-
tile alkali obtained fiom soot, bones, <fec., mixing
this with common salt, and subliming.
Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an
acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste.
Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Soluble
also in 4*5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient, diuretic,
tonic, and resolvent. Dose, gr. v. to xxx. Ex-
ternally, it is employed, producing cold during its
solution, in inflammations, <fec. It is also inhaled
in chronic catarrh.
The last edition (1873) of the U. S. Pharmaco-
poeia contains Ammonii Chloridum Purifieatum,
Purified Chlorida of Ammonium, made by dissolv-
ing chloride of ammonium in water by the aid of
heat, adding water of ammonia, filtering, and evap-
orating.
Ammo'nia Ni'tras, Ammonii Nitraa (Ph. U. S.,
1873), Ni' irate of Ammo'nia, Nitrate of Ammonium,
A/' kali volat'ile uitra'tum, Sal ammoni' acna nitro' -
8U8, Ammonia nitra'ta, Ammoni'acse ni'tras, Ni'-
trum flam' mans, (F.) Nitrate d'Ammom'aque. A
salt composed of nitric acid and ammonia. It is
diuretic and ' deobstruent.' (?) Externally, it is
discutient and sialagogue.
Ammo'nia Nitrosul'phas, NitroauVphate of
Ammonia. A salt formed by passing nitric oxide
through a solution of sulphate of ammonia, which
has been used in Paris in typhoid fever.
Ammo'nia Phos'phas, Ammo'nium phoaphor'i-
cum. Phosphate of Ammonia, (F.) Phosphate d'Am-
moniaque. This salt has been recommended as an
excitant, diaphoretic, and discutient. More re-
cently, it has been proposed as a remedy for
gout and rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid
calculus, and for diseases, acute and chronic, con
nected directly with the lithio acid diathesis.
Dose, gr. x. to xl.
Ammo'nitK Sksquicarbo'nas, a. carbonas — a.
Subcarbonas, A. carbonas.
Ammo'ni>« Sui/phaS, Ammo'nii Sulphas, Snl-
phate of Ammonia, Sulphate of Ammonium, Am-
mohi'acir. sulphas, Ammonium sulphu' ricum, AV -
kali volat'ile vitriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'avmn se-
cre'tum Glajibc'ri. Sal secre'tus (Jlaube'ri, Vitri'o-
lum ammoniaca'll, (F.) Sulfate d'ammoniaque.
Formed by adding sulphuric acid either to sal
Ammoniac or t» ammoiiiacal liquor. Its proper-
tius are like those of the muriate of ammonia.
Ammo NivK Sulphurk'tum, Sul'phuret uf Ammo-
%ia, Uydroaul'phuret of Ammonia^ Ammonium^
Sidfhydra'tum, Ammo'nise Hydroaul'phas, Spir'itm
Begui'ni, Sp. fu' mans Beyui'ni, Ammoni'acse Sul-
phure'tum, Sp. satis Ammonia' ci sulphura'tus, Li'^
quor Ammonii hydrothi'odia, Hydroaulphure'tum
Ammo' )iicum, Hydroaulph, ammoniaca'le aquo'aum,
Hydro<f enoHulphure' turn ammoni'acse liq'uidum,
Spir'itua sul'phuris volat'ilis, He'par sidphuri*
volat'ile, Boyle' a or Beguin'a fu'ming spirit, (F.)
Hydroatdfate aulfnri d' Ammoniaque, Liqueur fu-
mante de Boyle, Sulfure hydrogeue d' Ammoniaque,
Hydrosulfure d' Ammoniaque. Odor very fetid;
taste nauseous and styptic; color dark yellowish
green. It is reputed to be sedative, nauseating,
emetic, disoxygenizing (?), and has been given in
diabetes and diseases of increased excitement.
Dose, gtt. vij. to gtt. XX. /
Ammo'nia Tar'tras, Al'kali volat'ili tartari-
za'tutn, Sal Ammoni'acum tarta'renm, Tar' tar us
Ammonise, Tar'trate of Ammonia, (F.) Tartrate
d'Ammo'niaqne. A salt composed of tartaric acid
and ammonia. It is diaphoretic and diuretic;
but not much used.
Ammo'ni.'E Uras, see Urates.
AsiMo'iNiyK Yaleria'nas, Ammo'nii Valeriana*
(Ph. U. S., 1873), Vale'rianate of Ammo'nia, Va-
lerianate of Ammonium, (F.) Valirate ou Valeri-
anate d' Ammoniaque. This salt is obtained by
causing gaseous ammonia, disengaged from muri-
ate of ammonia by lime, to pass into valerianic
acid until the latter is neutralized; and crystalliz-
ing (Ph. U. S., 1863). Used like valerian, valeri-
anic acid, and the other valerianates, in neuro-
pathic atfections. Dose, gr. ij.-viij.
Ammoniae'mia, or Ammonsemia, {ammonia,
and aifxa, * blood.') A condition of the blood in
which it contains excess of ammonia.
A.tnmoniaque, Ammonia — a. Acetate d', li-
quide, Liquor ammoniae acetatis — a. Arseniate d',
Arseniate of Ammonia — a. Benzoate d'. Ammo-
nia benzoas — a. Carbonate d', AnimoniEe carbo-
nas — a. Carbonate Empyreumatique d', Ammoniae
carbonas — a. Hydroaulfate aulfuri d', Ammoniae
sulphuretum — a. Hydrosulfure d', Ammoniae sul-
phuretum — a. Liquide, Liquor ammoniae — a.
Muriate d\ Ammoniae murias — a. Nitrate d',
Ammoniae nitras — a. Phosphate d', Ammoniae
phosphas — a. Succinate d', see Succinic acid —
a. Sulfate d', Ammoniae sulphas — a. Sulfure
hydrogine d', Ammoniae sulphuretum — a. Tartrate
rf', Ammoniae tar tras — a. Valerate ou Valerianate
d', Ammoniae valerianas.
Ammo'nii Bromidum, (Ph. U. S., 1873,) Bro-
mide of Ammonium. A white granular salt, be-
coming yellow on exposure, prepared by acting
on bromide of iron with water of ammonia. Its
medical effects are similar to those of bromide of
potassium. Dose, from two to twenty grains.
See Bromides.
Ammo'nii Chloridum, Ammoniae murias — a.
Chloridum purifieatum, see Ammonia? murias —
a. lodidum, Ammonium, iodide of — a. ludure-
tum. Ammonium, iodide of — a. Nitras, Am-
monii nitras — a. Sulphas, Ammoniae sulpha*
— a. Valerianas, Ammonijc valerianas.
Ammo'niocu'pricus Subsul'phas, Cuprum am-
moniatum.
Ammo'nion, {ai^im, ' sand.') An ancient colly-
rium of great virtue in many diseases of the eye,
and which was said toremovesiiudlrom that organ.
Ammo'nium. The radical of Ammonia, never
yet isolated in a free state.
Ammo'nii M Ack'ticum Liquidum, Liquor ammo-
niae acetatis — a. Arsenicum sen Arsenicicum, Ar-
seniate of ammonia — a. Benzoate of, Ammoni:o
benzoas — a. Bromide of, Ammonii bromidum --
a. Carbonate of, Ammoniae carbonas — a. Carbuui-
cum, Ammoniju carbonas — a. Chloride of, Ammo-
niae murias — a. Chloride of, purified, see Ammo-
nite murias — a. Hydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide
of — a. lodatura. Ammonium, iodide of.
MxMONIUM
AMPAC
43
Ammo'nium, I'odide of, Ammonii lod'idum sen
fodure'tuni, Ammo'nium loda'tum seu Hydroiod'-
ieum, Ammo'uise hydri' odaa, Hydri'odate of am-
tno'nin. This salt is formed by mixing iodide of
potassium a,nd sulphate of amwonium, adding boil-
ing distilled water, and, after cooling, alcohol,
mixing them well, passing them through a cold
funnel, and pouring on the salt a mixture of
alcohol and water, and evaporating. Internally
its effects are similar to those of iodide of potas-
sium. Dose, one to three grains. It is applied
in the form of ointment (^j* <^d adipia 5J.) in
lepra, psoriasis, &c.
Ammo'nium Muriat'icum Martia'tum seu
Martia'le, Ferrum ammoniatum — a. Muriatum,
Ammoniae murias — a. Nitrate of. Ammonias ul-
tras — a. Phosphoricum, Ammoniae phosphas —
a. Subcarboneum, Ammonias carbonas — a. Suc-
cinicum liquidum, Spiritus ammonias succinatus
— a. Sulfhydratum, Ammonii» sulphuretum — a.
Sulphate of. Ammonias sulphas — a. Sulphuri-
cum, Ammoniae sulphas — a. Valerianate of, Am-
monias valerianas.
Am'iia Alcaliza'ta, Water, mineral, saline.
Amnemos'yne, («, and fivfitioavpn, ^memory,')
Amnesia.
Allllie'sia« Amnea'tia, Anmemos'yney (a, and
Hvrimi, 'memory.') Mo'rirt imhec"ilia amne'sia,
Obliv'io, Recolleetio' nia jactxi' ra, Dyasesthe' aia in-
ter' na, Dehil'itaa memo'riie, Memo'ria dele'ta, (F.)
Perte de la Memoire, Loaa of Mem'ory. By some
nosologists, amnesia constitutes a genus of dis-
eases. By most, it is considered only as a symp-
tom, which may occur in many diseases. See
Aphasia.
Amnes'tia, (a/xir/oria,) Amnesia.
Am'nic, Amniotic — a. Acid, Amniotic acid.
Amnii'tis, gen. Amnii'tidia, Amnitis.
Amnioclep'sis, {amnion, and kXetttw, 'I steal
away.') Premature escape of the liquor amnii.
Am'nion, {afiviov,) Am'nioa, Am'nium, Hym'-
niuni, Char'ta virgin' ea, Arntatu'ra, Agmi'na seu
Agni'na membra'na, Membra'na pelln'cida, Ga'lea,
Scepar'non, Jndu'ainm, Amic'ulum, Membra'na foe' -
turn invol'vens. The innermost of the enveloping
membranes of the foetus ; — so called because first
observed in the sheep (?), (anvos, * a sheep.') It is
thin, transparent, and is generally considered to
be produced by a fold of the external layer of the
germinal membrane, rising up, and gradually en-
veloping the embryo. Its external surface is
feebly united to the chorion by areolar and vas-
cular filaments. Its polished inner surface is
in' contact with the body of the fcetus and liquor
amnii.
Amniorrhoe'a, (amnion, and pew, ' I flow.*) A
premature discharge of the liquor amnii.
Am'nios, Amnion.
Amniofie, Amviot'icua, Am'nic, Am'nicxia, (F.)
Amniotiqae ou Amniqiie. Relating, or appertain-
ing, to the amnion.
Amniot'ic or Am'nic Ac"id, Ac"idum am.'nicHm
Beu amniot'icnm. A peculiar acid, found by Vau-
quelin and Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow.
Aninique, Amniotic.
Amni'tis, gen. Amni'tidia, Amnii'tis, (amnion,
and itia.) Inflammation of the amnion.
Am'niuin, Amnion.
Amoe'boid, Amoe'biform, Amoe'bal, (afiEtSu), 'I
change,' — amoeba, an animalcule capable of
rapidly undergoing many changes of form at
will, of active movements in all directions, and
of absorbing nutrient materials from the sur-
rounding medium, and ti^ti, 'resemblance.') A
term applied to similar spontaneous movements
accompanied with singular changes of shape,
seen in pus-cells, white corpuscles, rudimentary
cell-forms, Ac, which are hence called amoeboid or
wandering cells, amtrboid corpuscles, &o. These
movements may explain some obscure changes in
the tissues in inflammation and suppuration, on
account of the bioplasts or sarcophytes penetrat-
ing the walls of the vessels, and spontaneously
emigrating into adjoining tissues. See Bioplasm
and Sarcophyte.
Amoenoma'nia, (amoenus, * agreeable,' and ma-
nia.) A form of mania in which the hallucinat-
tions are of an agreeable character.
Amonie Fatix, Sison amomum.
Amo'mis. See Amomum cardamomum.
Amo'mum Cardamo'miiin, A. ve'nim, (aitufiovf
from a, and fKajjog, *a fault,' 'faultless,') Alpin'ia
cardamo'mum, Caro'pi, Mato'nia Cardamo'inum,
Eletta'ria Cardamo'mum, Cardamo'mum Mi'nvs,
Les'ser, True, or Offic"i'nal Carda'mom, (F.) Car-
damome de la Cote de Malabar, Cardamome. Ord.
Zingiberaceae. The fruit — Cardamomum (Ph. U.
S.) — of this East India plant, C. Malubaren'se,
has an agreeable aromatic odor, and a pungent,
grateful taste. It is carminative and stomachic:
but is chiefly used to give warmth to other reme-
dies. It is called, also, Amo'mis. Dose, gr. v. to ^j-
Amo'mum Cardamo'mum of Linnaeus, Clua'ter or
Bound Car' damom of Sumatra, Java, and other
islands eastward of the Bay of Bengal, yields the
Round Car'damom, Cardamo'mum rotmi'dnm of
the shops. The fruits, in their native clusters or
spikes, constituting the Amo'mum raeemo'sum, are
rarely met with.
Amo'mum Curcu'ma, Curcuma longa — a. Ga-
langa, Maranta galanga.
Amo'mum Gra'num Paradi'si, A. max'imum,
Cardamo'mum ma'jua seu pipera'tmn, Meleguet fa,
Jfaniguet'ta, Greater cardamom seeds — Gra'na
Paradi'ai, Graina of Par'adiae, (F.) Graiiiea de
Paradia — resemble Cardamomum in properties.
They are extremely hot, and not much used.
Amo'mum, Great- winged, Amomum maximum
— a. Hirsutum, Costus.
Amo'mum Max'imum, Great-winged Amo'mwn
yields the fruit known in commerce by the names
Ja'va or Nepal' Car' damoms, Bengal' Car'damoma
of the Calcutta market, &c.
Amo'mum Monta'num, see Cassumuniar — a. Pi-
menta, see Myrtus pimenta — a. Racemosum, see
A. cardamomum — a. Sylvestre, see Cassumuniar
— a. Verum, A. cardamomum — a. Zedoaria,-
Kaempferia rotunda — a. Zerumbet, see Cassu-
muniar.
Amo'mum Zin'gibrr, Zin'giber, Z. officina'le seu
al'bum seu ni'grum seu commu'ne, Zin'ziber, Gin"
ger, (F.) Gingembre. The black and v}hite gijiger,
Zin'giber fua' cum, Z. al'bum, Zin'giber (Ph. U. S.),
are the rhizoma of the same plant, Zin'giber offi,-
cina'le, the diff"erence depending upon the modo
of preparing them.
The odor of ginger is aromatic ; taste warm,
aromatic, and acrid. It yields its virtues to alco-
hol, and in a great degree to water. It is car-
minative, stimulant, and sialagogue.
Preaer'ved Gin'ger, Zingib'eria Ra'dix Condi'tOf
Ra'dix Zingib'eria Condi'ta ex In'did alla'ta, is
a condiment with all the virtues of ginger.
Gingerbeer pow'dera may be formed of tvhita
sugar ^j. and ^ij., ginger gr. v., aubcarbonate of
aoda gr. xxxvj., in each blue paper ; acid of tartar
^iss. in each ichite paper — for water, Oss.
Ox'ley'a Con' centrated Ea'sence of Jama'ica
Gin'ger is a solution of ginger in rectified ajiirita.
A'mor, Tiove.
Amor'ge, [afiopyri,) Amurca.
Amorph'us, (a, and iiop(l>r], 'form,') Amorph'oMe.
See Anhistous, and Anideus.
Amos'teus, Osteocolla.
Antoitr, Love — a. Pliyaique, Appetite, venereal.
Amoureux, (muscle.) Obliquus superior oculi.
Am'pac, Am'pacua. An East India tree, tho
leaves of which have a strong odor, and are used
in baths as detergents. A very odoriferous resia
is obtained from it.
44
AMPAR
AMPUTATION
Am'par, Succinum.
Ampelocarp'us, {ampelos, and Kaprcoi, ' fruit/)
Gallium aparine.
Ampeloleuc'6, {ampelos, and \evKoi, ' white/)
Bryonia alba.
Ampelop'rasum, {ampelos, and npaaou, ' a leek/)
Allium.
Ampelop'sis Quinquefo'lia, {ampeloe, and
«//»?,' appearance.') Vir<jin'ia Creep' er, Amer'i-
ean I'vy, Fice-leaved I'vy, Wood'y Climh'er. Orel.
VitacesB. An indigenous climbing plant, which
flowers in July. It is said to be expectorant.
Am'pelos, (a/rrfXos, 'vine/) Vitis vinifera — a.
Agria, Bryonia alba — a. Idaea, Vaccinium vitis
idiea — a. Mela3na, Tamus communis — a. Oinoph-
orus, Vitus vinifera.
Amphamph'oterodiop'sia, {ampM, ofxpoTtpo^, ' on
both sides/ inrXooq, ' double/ and <a\p, 'sight.') Di-
plopia.
Ampharis'teros, Ambilne'vus, ' awkward 5 ' {aji-
tpapiarcpog, from a/i^t, and apiaTt(ioiy ' left.') Opposed
to ambidexter.
Amphemeri'nus, (an'Prinepivoi, from amphi, and
itjiepa, ' a day.') Quotidian.
Amphem'erus, {aiKptuxepog), Quotidian.
Am'phi, {apt^t, 'both, around, on all sides.')
Hence, a prefix in many terms.
Am'ph.iain, see Papaver.
Amphiarthro'sis, {amphi, and ap^itutaig, 'ar-
ticulation.') A mixed articulation, in which the
corresponding surfaces of bones are united in
an intimate manner by an intermediate body,
which allows, however, of some slight motion.
Such is the junction of the bodies of the vertebrae
by meansof the intervertebral cartilages. This
articulation has also been called Diurthroae de
Continnite.
Amphiblestroi'des, Reticular — a. Membrana,
Retina.
Amphiblestroidi'tis, gen. AmpMhlestroiditi' -
dis, {ap'pi[i\£aTov, 'a covering, a rete or net,' eiSos,
'resemblance,' and itis,) Retinitis.
Amphiblestroidomala'cia, Amphiblestroma-
lacia.
Amphiblestromala'cia, Ampkibleatroidomala' -
eta, {amphiblestroi'des, — membrana, — 'the re-
tina/ and ixaXaKia, ' softening.') Mollescence or
softening of the retina.
Amphibran'ohia, (from amphi, and 0payj(^ta,
Hhe gills.') Amphibron' chia. The tonsils and
neighboring parts.
Amphibron'cbia, Amphibranchia.
Amphid'eum, {apupiUov, from amphi, and Sew,
'I bind.') The outermost margin of the cervix
uteri ; the Labium uteri.
AmpMdez'ius, (a/<'/)t(5£^(0f, from amphi, and
6c^ioi, ' right,') Ambidexter.
Amphidiarthro'sis, (from amphi, and Siap^pu-
cii, ' a movable joint.') A name given by Winslow
to the temporo-maxillary articulation, because,
according to that anatomist, it partakes both of
ginglymus and arthrodia.
Amphies'ina (gen. Amphies'matis) Cordis,
(api<pic(Tixa, 'a covering,') Pericardium.
Amphimeri'na, {ampki, and ijpepa, 'a day,')
Pertudsis — a. llectica. Hectic fever.
Amphimeri'nos, Quotidian.
Am'pMon, Maslach.
Am'phiplez, Perinieum.
Amphipneum'a, g^-n. Amphipneum'alia, {am-
phi, and nvtvua, * breath/) Dyspna'a.
Amphisme'la, Knife, double-edged.
Amphismi'ld, {amphi, and aiitXrj, ' a knife,')
Kiiil<'. (louljle-edged.
AmphiBphal'siB, Circtimac'tio, Cirenmdnc'tio,
{awp/ii, iiiid <T(pa\Xu>, 'I wander.') The movement
of circumduction used in reducing luxations.
Amphodiplo'pia, {amphi, irnXxi, ' double,' and
ttip, ' Might,') See Diplopia.
Am'phora, (per syucopen for aittpi'poptvf, — from
amphi, and (ptpu, ' I bear ;' — because it had tw«
handles.) A liquid measure among the aneients,
containing above seven gallons. Also called
Quadran'tal, Gera'mivm, Ca'dua.
Amphoric Respiration, see Cavernous Respi-
ration.
Ampho'terodiplo'pia, {a/KpoTcpo^, 'on both
sides,') see Diplopia.
Amplexa'tio, {am, and plectere, 'to inter-
weave/) Coition.
Amplex'us, Coition.
Amplifica'tio, {ampins, and /acere, ' bo make
large,') Platynosis.
Amplio'pia, see Amblyopia.
Ampo'sis, (apTTuxTig,) Anaposis.
A.'m2ioule, Ampulla — a. de Vater, Vater, Am-
pulla of.
A-mpoules, Essera.
Ampulla (L.), ('a bottle,') (F.) Ampoule. A
membranous bag, shaped like a leathern bottle.
See Cavitas Elliptica. In pharmacy, a receiver.
Ampul'-la Chylif'era seu Chy'li, Recepta-
culum chyli — a. Ductus lactiferi, see Mammary
gland — a. of Semicircular Canals, see Semicir-
cular Canals — a. of Vater, Vater, Ampulla of.
Ampullae, Phlyctte'nas.
Amputa'tion, Amputa'tio, {ampntare, amputa-
ftim ; am, 'around,' and putare, 'to cut off.')
Apot'ome, Apoto'mia. The operation of sepa-
rating, by means of a cutting instrument, a limb
or a part of a limb, or a projecting part, as the
mamma, penis, <fec., froin the rest of the body.
In the case of a tumor, the term excision, re-
moval, or extirpation, (F.) Rescision, is more com-
monly used.
Each amputation requires a different process,
which is fully described in works on surgery.
Amputa'tion, Carden's, Mixed Ampntatlon.
Amputation including a skin flap and circular
division of muscle ; a combination, therefore, of
the circular and flap operations.
Amputa'tion, Cho'part's. An operation called
after Chopart, a French surgeon, which consists
in removing the foot, in cases of caries or injury
of the metatarsal, cuneiform, cuboid, and scaphoid
bones, in such a manner as to leave merely the
astragalus and calcaneum, the principal flap being
obtained from the sole.
Amputa'tion, Cir'culah, is that in which the
integuments and muscles are divided circularly.
Amptitation dans VArticle, Amputation,
joint — a. dans la Contiguite des Membres, Am-
putation, joint.
Amputa'tion, Flap, (F.) A. d lambeavx, is
when one or two flaps are left so as to cover the
stump when the limb has been removed.
Amputa'tion, Han'cock's. A modification of
the subastragaloid, the tuberosity of the calcia
being saved and turned up to be united to the
lower surface of the astragalus, from which a
slice of bone is taken.
Amputa'tion, Hey's, see A. Lisfranc's.
Amputa'tion, Joint, Exarticrda'tio, (F.) A.
dans Uarticle ou dans la contiguite des metubi ea, is
when the limb is removed at an articulatiofl.
Amputation d- Lnnibeauae, Amputation, flap.
Amputa'tion, Lis'kranc's, Amputation of the
foot, by disarticuhition of the metatarsal bones
from the tarsal. Hey's Amputation difiers from
this by saving as much of the metatarsal bones
as the disease or injury will allow.
Amputa'tion, Mixed, A. Carden's.
Amputa'tion Neuroma, see Neuroma.
Amputa'tion, Patholog"ical. Amputation
performed on account of some incurable disease.
Amputa'tion, Pihogopp's, see Pirogoff's oper-
ation.
Amputa'tion, Pri'mary. Amputation per-
formed almost immediately after injury, before
inflammatory complications have appeared. Sec*
AMPUTATION
AMYL
45
ondary amputations are those performed after
eupnuration has occurred.
Amputa'tion, Rectang'ular, a. Teale's.
Amputa'tion, Eoux's, diifers only from Syme's
In the flap being made from the inner and under
«ide of the heel.
Amputation S^che, see Ecraseur.
Amputa'tiox, Seconda'ry, see Amputation,
primary — a. Spontaneous, see Spontaneous.
Amputa'tion, Subastrag' algid. An operation
of French origin, made by a heel flap, as in
Syme's amputation, and a dorsal flap, as in Cho-
part's, the foot being removed by opening the
joints between the scaphoid and astragalus,
and disarticulating between the latter and the
calcia.
Amputa'tion, Syme's. Removal of the foot at
the ankle-joint, taking off" the articular surfaces
of the bones of the leg above the basis of the
malleoli, a covering for the osseous surfaces being
provided from the integument of the heel.
Amputa'tion, Teale's, Rectangular Amputa-
tion. A modification of the flap operation, con-
sisting of one long anterior skin and muscular
flap, and short posterior.
Amputa'tion, Traumat'io. Amputation per-
formed on account of some incurable injury.
Amputa'tion, Ver'male's. Amputation of the
thigh by lateral flaps.
Am'ulet, Amuletum.
Amulette, Amuletum.
Amule'tum, (amoliri, *to remove, to avert.')
An Am'ulet, Periam'ma, Apotropse' um, Periap'ton,
Fhylacte'rion, Apoteles'ma, Exarte'ma, Alexic'a-
cum, Prseservati'vum, Probasca'nium, Prohascan' -
tiutn, (P.) Amulette. Any image or substance
worn about the person for the purpose of avert-
ing disease or danger.
Aumr'ca, Amur'ga, {afjtopyT), from aiiepyu, ' I
press out.') The marc or grounds remaining after
olives have been crushed and deprived of their oil.
It has been used as an application to ulcers.
Amur'ga, (afiopyt),) Amurca.
Amu'sa, Musa Paradisiaca.
Am'ussat's Operation for Artificial Anus, see
Colotomy.
Ani'ych.a, (nfivx^rj,) Amyx'is, (afivrrau), M
scratch.') Excoriation, Scarification.
Amyc'tica, (from afivmu}, 'I scratch.') Medi-
cines which stimulate and vellicate the skin.
Amydole, (from amidum,) Fecula.
Amydri'asia, Mydriasis.
Amyel'ia, (a, and y.vzXo';, 'marrow.') A mon-
strous formation, in which there is an absence of
spinal marrow.
Amyeloner'via, (o, nvtXo^, ' marrow,' and vevpov,
'nerve.') Paralysis or deficient action of the
spinal marrow.
Amyelotroph'ia, (a, /iufiXof, ' marrow,' and rpo<pr},
'nourishment.') Atrophy of the spinal marrow.
Amyg'dala, {afivy^aX*],) Amyg'dalam, [apvy-
6a\ov, — from aiivaau), ' I tear,' owing to its fissured
shell [?J). The Al'mond, of which there are two
kinds, Amyg'dalse ama'rse and A. dul'ces, (F.)
Amandea am^rea and A. doucea, obtained from
two varieties of Amyg' dalua commu'nia or A. aati'-
va, Al'mond tree, (Old Eng.) Amyllier, a native
of Barbary. Ord. Amygdaleae. Sex. Syat. Ico-
sandria Monogynia.
The taste of Amygdala dul'cia, Jor'dan Almond,
is soft and sweet; that of A. ama'rn, bitter. Both
yield, by expression, a sweet, bland oil. The
bitter almond contains Prussia acid. They are
chiefly used for forming emulsions.
Amyg'dala, Tonsil. Also, a lobule or promi-
nence of the cerebellum, so called from its resem-
blance to an enlarged tonsil. This and its fellow
of the opposite side form the lateral boundaries
of the anterior extremity of the valley, and are in
great part covered by the medulla oblongata.
The Amygdalae are seated on either side of the
uvula, in the fourth ventricle.
Amyg'dala Ama'ra, see Amygdala — a. Dulcis,
see Amygdala.
AMYG'DALiE Pas'ta, Almond Paate, a cosmetic
for softening the skin and preventing chaps, is
made of bitter almonds, blanched, ^iv., white of
one egg; rose ivater, and rectified spirits, equal
parts, or as much as is sufficient.
Amyg'dalse Per'sic^, see Amygdalus Persica.
Amyg'dala Placen'ta, Al'mond Cake, is the
cake left after the expression of the oil. The
ground Almond Cake, Almond Powder, Fari'na
Amygdala'rum, is used instead of soap for wash-
ing the hands.
A.mygdalatome,Amygdalat'omu8, (from amyg'-
dala, and Tofiri, 'incision;') improperly Ton'sil-
litome. — Tonsil guillotine, (F.) Se'cateur dea
Amygdales. An instrument of surgery for ex-
cising a portion of the tonsil. See Kiotome.
Amygdala'tum, Emulsio amygdalae.
A.mygdale, Tonsil.
Amyg'dalin, AmygdaU'num, Amygdali'na,
Amyg'daline. A principle contained in bitter al-
monds, which is prepared by depriving them of
their fixed oil by pressure, boiling them in suc-
cessive portions of alcohol until exhausted, dis-
tilling off the alcohol, diluting the syrupy residue
with water mixed with yeast, fermenting it, filter-
ing, evaporating, and mixing with alcohol. The
amygdalin is then separated from the gum with
which it is precipitated by solution in boiling
alcohol. A weak solution of it, under the influ-
ence of a small quantity of emidain or synaptase,
which constitutes the larger portion of .the pulp
of almonds, yields at once oil of bitter almonds
and hydrocyanic acid.
Amygdali'tis, {amygdala, and i"(/s,) Cynanche
tonsillans.
Amyg'dalum, Amygdala.
Amyg'dalus, {a\ivyha\oi,) see Amygdala — a.
Communis, see Amygdala.
Amyg'dalus Per'sica, Per'aica vidga'ria. The
common peach tree, (F.) Pecher. The leaves and
flowers have been considered laxative. They are
bitter and aromatic, and have been given in hge-
maturia, nephritis, &c. The fruit — peach, (F.)
piche — is one of the pleasant and wholesome
summer fruits, when ripe. The kernels, Amyg'-
dalse Per'sicee, as well as the flowers, contain
prussic acid.
Peach Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and
is much used in the United States.
Amyg'dalus Sati'va, see Amygdala.
Amyg'mus, {anvypios, from afivaau), ' I scratch,')
Scarification.
Am'yl. A compound radical of a homologous
series, which includes Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, <fec.
Several of its compounds have a therapeutic
value. See also Amylum.
Amyl, Acetate of, is similar in its properties
to the nitrite and iodide, though to a less degree,
Am'yl, Hyd,ride or Hydruret of, Hydramyl, a
colorless volatile liquid, said to be the lightest
known, was proposed as an anaesthetic by Prof.
J. Y. Simpson. It is soluble in alcohol and ether,
but insoluble in water. Mixed with ether, it
may be employed in the form of spray as a local
anaesthetic.
Am'yl, Hydra'ted Ox'ide of. Oil, fusel.
Am'yl, Iodide of, is said to resemble amylic
alcohol in its effects on the system. The animal
under its influence is found to move for some time
in a circle, whether spontaneously or under ex-
citation. It does not produce insensibility to pain.
Am'yl, jSTi'trite op. An inflammable fluid, s. g,
•913, boiling at 182° Fahr. It has an odor of
over-ripe pears, and is antiseptic. It is said to
be most readily absorbed by the mucous mem-
branes and areolar tissue, producing immediately
46
AMYLACfi
violent action of the heart. While by some it is
considered most powerfully excitant of vascular
action, producing its characteristic eflFects directly
upon the walls of the small arteries; by others
it is said to be sedative, lessening reflex excita-
bility and arterial blood-pressure, and arresting
oxidation. It does not appear to.be anaesthetic,
consciousness being never destroyed by it. It
must be inhaled in very small doses, only four or
five drops at a time. Its efficacy in angina pec-
toris seems to be well established.
Atnylnce, Amylaceous.
Amyla'ceous, Amyla'ansy (F.) AmylacS, (am-
ylni), 'starch.') Having the nature of, or con-
taining starch. Starchy, starch-like.
AMYLA'cEotTs Bod'ies, Corpora amylacea.
Am'ylen or Am'ylene, see Potato oil.
Amyreon, Amylum.
Am'yli lo'didum, Starch, iodide of — a. lodu-
retum, Starch, iodide of.
Am'ylin, see Glycogenic.
Amyl'ion, Amylum.
Amyl'lier, see Amygdala.
Am'yloid, Amyloi'des, {amylum, and ciSog, ' re-
semblance.') Resembling starch. See Corpora
amylacea, and Glycogenic matter.
Am'yloid Boo'iks, Corpora amylacea — a. De-
generation, see Lardaceous.
Am'yloids. Non-nitrogenous aliments — starch,
sugar, and their allies.
Am'ylon, Amylum, Glycogenic matter.
Am'ylum, Am.'idum, Fec'ida, Amyl'eon, Amyl'-
ion, Am'ylon, {afivXav, from a, and /jlvXi], 'a mill,*
because made without a mill,) Starch, (Old Eng.)
Am'yl, (F.) Amidoa, Amylon. Starch of Wheat,
Fari'na, Fari'na trit'ici, Am'ylum tritic"ett)n seu
trU'ici, Fsec'nla Amyla'cea, the fecula of the
seed of Triticum Vulgare, is inodorous and in-
sipid, white and friable. It is insoluble in cold
water and alcohol, but forms with boiling water a
strong, semi-transparent jelly. It is demulcent,
and is used as an emollient glyster, and as the
vehicle for opium, when given per anum. It is
also dusted on excoriated surfaces and as an ab-
sorbent of irritating secretions. Free iodine is a
delicate test for starch, giving a deep blue color
when added to it. Starch is met with abundantly
in all the cereal grains, in the stalks of many of
the palms; in some lichens, and in many tuberous
roots, particularly in the bulbs of the orchis.
Am'ylum America'num, see Arrow-root — a.
Cannaceum, Tmia-les-mois — a. lodatum. Starch,
iodide of — a. Manihoticum, see Jatropha manihot
— a. Marantaceum, Arrow-root — a. Palmaceum,
Sago — a. Querneum, Racahout — a. Triticeum,
Amylum — a. Tritici, Amylum.
A'myon, (from a, and uvutv, ' a muscle,') Emns-
cula'tua. Without muscle. Applied to the limbs,
when so extenuated that the muscles cannot be
distinguished.
Amyostkeili'a, (F.) Amyosthinie, (a, /ivuv, ' &
muscle,' and a^evoi, '.strength.') Defect of mus-
cular contraction.
Atnj/osthenie Cysturique, Paralysis of the
bladder, of Piorry.
Am'yris (gen. Amyr'idis) Commiph'ora, (a,
'intensive,' and. ftvpov, 'an odoriferous ointment,'
because amyris enters into the composition of
Buch.) See Bdellium.
Am'ykis Elkmif'kra, (F.) Bahnmier ou B<m-
niter EUmifh-e. Ord. Terebinthaoeaa. Sex. Sy»t.
Octandria Monogynia. The plant whence it has
been BupjJOBed Gum Ei/emi is obtained. This
gum or resin is brought from the Spanish East
and West Indies. lirntWinn El'emi, according to
Dr. Hoyle, is produced by Ici'ca Icica'riba ; Mex'-
icnn El'emi, by Eta'phrium elemiferum; and
Manil'la El'emi, by Oana'rium commu'ne. It is
•oftish, transparent, of a pale whitish color, in-
«licting a little to groeu, and of a strong, though
ANACATHARSIS
not unpleasant, smell. It is only used in oint-
ments and plasters, and is a digestive.
Am'yris Gilrapen'sis, see A. opobalsamum.
Am'yris Opobal'samum, (F.) BaUamier o\x Bnn-
mier de la Mecque, Bal'sem, Bal'aamum. The
plant from which is obtained the Balsam of
Mec'ca, Bal'aamum genui'num antiquo'rum seu
Asiat'icnm seu Juda'icum seu Syri'acum seu «
Meccd seu Alpi'ni seu JEgypti' acum, CoccohaV -
samum, Balaamelse'on, O'leum Bal'nami, Opobal'-
samum, Xylohal'samiim, Bal'aam or Balm of GiV-
ead, (F.) Batime Blanc, B. de Constantinople hlanc,
B. de Galaad, B, dn Grand jOnire, B. Vrai, Th--
ebinthine de GiUad, T. d'Egypte, T. dn Grand
Caire, T. de Judee. A resinous juice obtained
by making incisions into Am'yris opobal'samum
and A. Gileaden'sis of Linnseus, Balsamaden'-
dron Gileaden'se of Kunth. The juice of th«
fruit is called Oarpobal'samiim ; that of the wood
and branches Xylobal' samum. It has the general
properties of the milder Terebinthinates.
Am'yris Tomrnto'sa, Fagara octandra.
Am'yron, Carthamus tinctorius.
A'myus, (a, and fivi, 'a muscle.') Weak or
poor in muscle.
Amyx'ia, (a, and /-tufa, 'mucus.') Deficiency
of mucus.
Amyx'is, (a/iv^is,) Amycha, Scarification.
An, as a prefix. See A, Ad, and Am.
A'ua, (ava,) a word which signifies 'of each.'
It is used in prescriptions as well as a and aa,
its abbreviations. As a prefix, it means ' in,'
' through,' ' upwards,' ' above,' in opposition to
cata — also, 'again,' 'repetition,' like the Eng-
lish re.
Anab'asis, {avafiamg, from aya^aivu), ' I ascend.')
The first period of a disease, or that of increase.
See Augmentation and Acme.
Anabex'is, {ana, and ^rjaauv, ' to cough,') Ex'
pectoration.
Anablep'sis, {avajSXeipn, from ana, and jSActtw,
' I see.') Restoration to sight.
ATa.a.ho\se'OU,{ava0oXaiov,)Anabole'us,{ava^aXX(ji,
* I cast up.') An ointment for extracting darts
or other extraneous bodies.
Anab'ole, {ava^oXij,) Anago'ge, Anaph'ora, An-
acine'ma, Anacine'sis. An evacuation upwards.
An act by which certain matters are ejected by the
mouth. In common acceptation it includes, ex-
apuition, expectoration, regurgitation, and vomiting.
AnabrocMsm'us, {ana, and Ppoxog, 'a running
knot.') An operation for removing the eye-
lashes, for example, when they irritate the eye,
by means of a hair knotted around them.
Anabro'sis, {avaPpwmi, from ana, and PiUixjKa,
'I eat.') Corrosion, Erosion.
Anacabuite Wood, whose botanical origin is
not known, but which is supposed to belong to
Nat. Ord. Papilionaceae. is Mexican. It is inodor-
ous and insipid ; but a decoction of it has been in-
ordinately extolled in the first stages of phthisis.
Anacamps'eros, {avaKan4^£pws,) Sedura tele-
phium.
Anaoar'dium Ocoideiita'16, {ana, and icapSia,
'heart,' from the resemblance of the fruit to a
dried heart,) Acaju'ba occidenta'lia, Cassu'vium
pomifentm, Cashew' { W^ Indies), {¥.) Ac'ajou.
Ord. Terebinthaceae. Sex. Syst. Enneandria Mo-
nogynia. The Oil of the Cashew' Nut, O'leum An-
acar'dii, Cardo'leum, (F.) Huile d'Acajott, is au
active caustic, and used as such in the countries
where it grows, especially for destroying warts,
<feo. A gum resembling gum Arabic, and called
Cashew gum, exudes from the bark.
Anaoar'dium ORiENTA'Llo,Avicenniatomentosa.
Anaoathar'sis, {avoKa^apati, from ana, and
KQ^atpsiv, ' to purge.') Purgation upwards. Ex~
pectoration. See, also, Repurgatio.
Anacathar'sis Cataruha'lis Sim'plex, Ca-
tarrh.
ANACATHARTICUS
ANAGALLIS
47
Anacathar'ticus, (ava/ca^aprtw?,) Expectorant.
Anaces'tOS, (amKearog, from an, and aKzofiai, ' to
«ure.') Incurable.
Anachremp'sis, {ana, and ;\;pe//^tf, 'spitting.')
Exspuition.
Anachremp'tum, Sputum.
Ana'chron, Soda.
Anacizie'ma, gen. Ana cine' mattn, {avaKivrijia,
from ana, and Kwm, '1 move/) Anabole, Exspui-
tion.
Anacine'sis, {avaKivtimi,) Anabole, Exspuition.
Anac'lasis, {avoKKaai^, *a bending or breaking
ip wards or backwards,') Repercussion.
Anaclinte'rium, {avaKXivTtjpiuv,) Anaclin'truvi,
Kecubito'rium, {avaKKivut, ' I recline.') A long
chair or seat, so formed that the person can rest
in a reclining posture.
Anaclin'trum, {avaKKivrpov,) Anaclinterium.
Anacolle'ina, gen. Anacolle'matis, pi. Anacol-
lemata, (avaraAAi;^«, from a7ia, and KoXXau, ' I
glue.') A healing medicine.
Anacolle'mata, Frontal bandages.
Anacolup'pa. A creeping plant of Malabar,
the juice of which, mixed with powdered pepper,
passes in India as a cure for epilepsy, and as the
only remedy for the bite of the naja. It is sup-
posed to be Znpjya'nia nocUfo'ra.
Atiacoluthie, [an, and axoAou^of, 'consequent,')
Incoherence.
Anacom'ide, (avaKont^rj, from ana, and kojii^u),
*I bring,') Restauratio.
AnaCOncliyliaSIll'uS, (avaKoywhaajAOi, from OJia,
and KoyxuXia^eiv, 'to gargle,') Gargarism.
Anaconchylism'us, Gargarism.
Anacte'sis, {avaKTrimg, from ana, and Kraonat, 'to
acquire,') Restauratio.
Anactir ion, Artemisia.
Anacyc'leon, {ana, and kvkXco), 'I go in a cir-
cle,') Charlatan.
Anacyclus OflBcina'rum, see Anthemis Pyre-
thrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyrethrum.
Anadesm'us, {avaieajjoi, from ana, and Jtd/xof, ' a
bandage,') Fascia.
Anadiplo'sis, {avaSmXtaaii, from ana, and ^tTrXow,
'I double.') Epanadiido'ais, JSpanalep'sis, He-
dupllca' tio. The redoubling which occurs in a par-
oxysm of an intermittent, when its type is double.
Anad'ora, {ava^fm,) Ecdora.
Anad'OSis, {avaiomi, from avabih<oni, ' I give up.')
Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Congestion
of blood towards the upper parts of the body.
Anado8i8 seems also to have occasionally meant
chylification, while diad'osis meant capillary nu-
trition.
Auad'romS, (avaSpofir/, from ana, and ipcfjiw, 'I
run.') The transport of a humor or pain from a
lower to an upper part. Also, the globus hyste-
ricus. See Angone.
AnaedcB'us, {au, and aiSoia, ' organs of genera-
tion.') A monster devoid of sexual organs.
Anae'masis, Anaemia.
Anaematopoe'sis, {an, lufia, 'blood,' and irotsu,
'1 make.') Impeded or obstructed haematosis.
Ansemato'sis, Anhsemato'sis, {an, aifia, ' blood,"^
and osis.) Defective hsematosis or preparation
of the blood. Anaemia.
Anae'mia, Exse' inia,An!!c' masia, Anhm'mia, Anse'-
matonis, AnhiKmato' ais, Polyanhm'mia, Ansemo' sla,
Ollgse'mia, Oligohse'mia, Hypse'mia, Hydrose'mia,
Hydrse'mia, Ane'mia, (F.) Anemic, Anhemie, Anhe-
niatosie, Polyanhimie, Hydrohemie, Exaanguin'ity,
Blood' leaaneaa, {avaifita, from an, aijia, ' blood.')
I'rivation of blood; — the opposite to plethora.
It is characterized by every sign of debility.
'^Iso, diminished quantity of fluids in the capil-
lary vessels : — the opposite to Hypersemia. — The
essential character of the blood in anaemia is dimi-
aution in the ratio of red corpuscles, {'F.)Aglobulie.
Anae'mia, Tubercular, Chlorosis.
Anee'miated, see Anaemic.
• Anae'mic, Ane'mic, Anse'micua. Appertaining
or relating to anaemia, — as an " ansemic person,"
one who is anicmiated. See Exanguious.
Anaemoch'rous, {an, Sufxa, ' blood/ and x^oa^
' color.') Devoid of color, pale.
Angemo'sis, Anaemia.
AnSB m t'r phy, AnsemotropJi'iay {an, Siti.tn,
'blood/ and rpoipri, 'nourishment.') A deficiency
of sanguineous nourishment.
Anaemyd'ria, {<(n, &ina, ' blood,' and iSup,
'water,') Anhydra3mia.
Ansesthe'sia, Anseathe'aia, Tnaenaibil'itas, An-
alge'aia, Parap'ais expera, (F.) Aneatheaie ; (avaia-
&Tl(iia, from an, and aia^avonai, 'I feel.') Priva-
tion of sensation, and especially of that of touch
according to some; paralysis of sensibility. It
may be general or partial, and is almost always
symptomatic, or it may be the result of applica-
tion of -a general or local angesthetic.
An^sthe'sia Gustato'ria, Aguestia — a. Lin-
guae, Ageustia.
An^sthe'sia, Mus'cular. a loss of the feel-
ing of muscular action — Mnaciditr senae — at-
tended by irregularity, sluggishness, and dimin-.
ished force of voluntary movement, but unattend-
ed by any necessary loss of cutaneous sensibility or
by distinct paralysis.
Anjssthe'sia Olfacto'ria, Anosmia — a. Optic,
Amaurosis.
AnsBsthe'sis, Anaesthesia.
AnSBSthet'ic, Anesthet'ic, AvwaiJiet'icua, Anses-
the'tua, (F.) Aneatheaique. Relating to privation
of feeling, as an " anseathetic agent;" one that
prevents feeling. The term is, now, almost re-
stricted to agents which produce such effect by
being received into the lungs in the form of va-
pors or gases, and passing with the blood to the
nervous centres on which their action is exerted.
Perhaps, as a general rule, the intellectual facul-
ties first feel their influence, — a sort of intoxi-
cation supervening, with imperfect power of regu-
lating the movements ; the sensory ganglia be-
come afterwards or simultaneously affected, sensa-
tion and motion are suspended, and ultimately,
if the quantity inhaled be sufficient, the medulla
oblongata has its actions suspended or destroyed,
respiration ceases, and death is the consequence.
Different agents have been used as anajsthetics
by way of inhalation — sulphuric ether, acetic
ether, chloroform, chloric ether, nitrous oxide,
compound ether, chlorohydric and nitric ethers,
bisulphuret of carbon, bichloride of methylen,
chloride of olefiant gas, benzin, aldehyde, light
coal-tar naphtha, amylen, <fcc. Anajsthetics are
greatly used in serious surgical operations, and
during parturition; and in such cases, as well as
in many diseases, especially of a painful nature,
produce the most beneficial results. The ethers,
rhigolene and other agents, when applied to a
part in the form of spray, by their evaporation
benumb it; and thus act as local anaesthetics.
Anaesthetiza'tion, Aneathetiza'tion, (F.) Anea-
thitiaation. The condition of the nervous system
induced by anaesthetics. To an' scathetize, or an'-
eathetize, (F.) aneatMaier, is to produce such a
condition.
An'sesthetize, see Anaesthetization.
Anaesthe'tus, i^avaia^riTOi,) Anaesthetic.
Anagal'lis, {avayaWi^, from ana, and ya\a,
' milk,' from its power of coagulating milk.) A.
arven'aia, A. Pha;nic"ea, Bed Pim'pernel, Scarlet
Pim'pernel, Shep'herd'a Sundi'al, Chickweed. Nat.
Ord. Primulaceae. Sex. Syat. Pentandria Mono-
gynia. (F.) Mouron rouge. A common European
plant; a reputed antispasmodic and stomachia
A decoction of this in beer is said to form an
important part of Stoy'a medicine for hydrophobia.
Another species, Anagal'lis cseru'lea, is a mere
variety of the above.
Anagal'lis Aquat'ica, Veronica Beccabungsu
48 AKAGAEGALICTON
Anagargalict'on, {avaYapya\iKTOP, from avayapya-
pi^d), ' I gargle/) Gargarism.
Anagargarism'us, Gargarism.
Anagargarist'on, {avayapyapiarov,) Gargarism.
Anagenne'sis, Anaph'ysis, {ana, and yewaua, 'I
generate.') Regeneration ; growing again.
Anag'lyplie, {avayXvprj, from ana, and yXw^u,
*I carve.') Calamus scriptorius.
Anagnost'akis, (after the Greek physician who
invented it.) See Ophthalmoscope.
AnagO'ge, (avaywyri, from ana, and ayui, ' I
lead.") Anabolo, Rejectio.
Anag'raphe, (avaypa'pr), from ana, and ypcupu), ' I
write,') Prescription.
Anag'yris, (avayvpts,) Anag'yria foe'tida, An-
ag'yrus, Ac'opon, tStink'tuy Bean Trefoil, (F.)
Anagyre. Ord. Leguminosa3. Native of Italy.
The leaves are powerfully purgative. The juice
is said to be diuretic, and the seeds emetic.
Anag'yrus, (ai/aywpoj,) Anagyris.
A'nal, Ana' lis. That which relates or apper-
tains to the anurf ; — Anal region ; Anal fistula ;
Anal hairs — Pi'li ana'les, &G.
Anal'dia, (F.) Analdie; {an, and aXieiv, *to
grow.') Defective nutrition.
Analem'sia, Analepsia.
Analen'tia, Analepsia.
Analep'sia, {avaXrjxpii,) Analep'sia, Epanalepsis,
Analen'tia, Analem'sia, {ana, and \an^avc.iv, —
future Xriil'Ofiai, — ' to take.') Restoration to
strength after disease. A kind of sympathetic
epilepsy, originating from gastric disorder. See
Epilepsy. Also, the support given to a fractured
extremity.
Analep'sis, {avaXrjipii,) Convalescence, Restau-
ratio, Analepsia.
Analnp'tic, see Analeptica.
Analep'tica, {avaXrrrTiKa,) Aiiapsyc'tica, Psy-
chot'iea, Jie/ecti'va lieficien'tia, Eeatanran'tia,
Analep'tica. Restorative medicines or food; such
as are adapted to recruit the strength during dis-
ease or convalescence.
Analep'tic Pills, James's, consist of James's
Poioder, Gum Ammoniacum, and Pills of Aloes
and Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Castor,
sufficient to form a mass.
Analge'sia, {avaXyrifyta,) Anal'gia, {an, and
aXyog, ' pain.') Absence of pain both in health
and disease. See Anassthesia.
Anal'gia, Analgesia.
Anal'ogous Tissues, see Tissues.
An'alogue, Anal'ogns, {ana, and Xoyog, 'pro-
portion.') A part in one organized being which
has the same function as another part in another
organized being.
Aualo'sis, (ai/oXwffts,) Atrophy.
Anal'thes, {avaXi^rji,) Incurable.
Anal'ysis, {avaXvc% from ana, and Xvetv, *to
loose,') (F.) Analyse. The resolution of any-
thing into its component parts.
Anal'ysis, PniSMAT'ic, Spectrum analysis — a.
Spectrum, Spectrum analysis.
Anamir'ta Coc'culus, Menispermum cocculua
— a. Paniculata, Menispermum cocculus.
Anamnes'tiC, {avaui'TjanKOv,) Anamnes'ticum,
{ana, and fttiJivTjaKU), 'I remember.') A medicine
for improving the memory. See, also, Commemo-
rative.
Ana'nas, Bromclia ananas — a. Aculeata, Bro-
melift, ananas — a. Americana, Bromelia pinguin
— a. Ovata, Bromelia ananaa — a. Wild, broad-
leaved, Bromelia pinguin.
Ananazip'ta. A word formerly scrawled on
amulets tu charm away disease.
Anandri'a, {avavSpua, from an, and avt/p, gen.
avipoi,' a imin.') Want of manliness. Impotence
in the male. The state and act of emasculation.
Ananeo'sis, {avnveotaii, from ana, vcos, 'new,'
and onia.) Jifnova'tio. Renovation or renewal,
— an of the blood by the chyliforoua vessels and
lymphatics.
ANAEBHEGNUMINA
Anapeti'a, {avait£T£ia,) Expan' sio mea'tHitm,{ana,
and TTETao), ' I dilate.') A state opposite to that
of the closure of vessels.
Anaph.alailti'asis, {avacpaXai/Ttaan,) Anaphalnn-
to'ma, {ana, and (paXavTog, ' bald.') Loss of the
hair of the eyebrows. Also, baldness in general.
Anaphalanto'ina, gen. Anaphalanto'matia,
{avoupaXavrwfia, from ana, and tpaXavrog, 'bald/)
Anaphalantiasis.
An'aphe, Anaphia.
Auapb.'ia, Anhaph'ia, An'aphe, {an, and hpr^,
'touch.') Diminution or privation of the sense
of touch.
Anaphlasm'US, {avacfXacrnos, from ava(pXau>, ' I
produce erection,') Masturbation.
Anaphone'sis, {avatpavrjcni,) {ana, and ^v»7,
'voice.') Exercise of the voice: vociferation: —
the act of crying out; Vocifera'tio, Clamor.
Anaph'ora, {ava^opa, froxa ana, and (pepciv, 'tc
carry,') Anabole.
Anaphrodis'ia, {avacppoSiata, from an, and A.ippo-
SiTt), 'Venus,') Defec'tus Ven'eris. Absence of the
venereal appetite. Sometimes used for Impotence
and Sterility.
Anaphrodis'iac, Antaphrodisiac.
Anaphrom'eli, {an, atppos, 'froth/ and fitXi,
'honey,') Mel despumatum,
Anaph'ysis, {ana, and (pvu>, 'I produce,') An-
agennesis.
Anap'lasis, Anaplasm'ns, {avanXaffts, from ava-
nXacau), 'I restore.') Confirma'tio, Epposit" io.
Restoration. Union or consolidation of a frac-
tured bone.
Anaplasmat'ic, Anaplastic.
Anaplasm'us, {avanXacnog,) Anaplasis.
Anaplas'tic, Anaplas'ticus. An epithet ap-
plied to the art of restoring lost parts or the nor-
mal shape, — as "Anaplastic Surgery," An'a-
plasty. See Morioplastice. Also, an agent, that
increases the amouijt of plastic matter — fibrin —
in the blood ; Anaplasmat'ic.
An'aplasty. See Anaplastic.
Auaplero'sis, {avairXrjpuian;, from ana, nXripou), ' I
fill,' and osis.) Repletion. That part of surgi-
cal therapeutics whose object is to supply parts
that are wanting. Also, Apposition or Prosthesis,
Anaplero'ticus, Incarnans.
AnapleUS'is, {uvanXevan,) Fluctua'tio, Innata'-
tio, (from avawXeu), — ana, and -nXtw, — 'I swim
above.') The looseness or shaking of an exfoli-
ated bone; or of a carious or other tooth, <fec.
Anaplo'sis, {avanXutaig, from ana, anXot^, ' I un-
fold,' and osis,) Growth.
Anapneus'is, {avaiivtvaig,) {ana, and TTveo), 'I
breathe/) Respiration.
Anap'noe, {avairvoij,) Respiration.
Anapuoenu'si, {anupnoe, and vovaoi, 'disease.')
Diseases of the respiratory organs.
Anap'nograpli, {anapiioe, and y/xi^w, 'I de-
scribe.') An apjiaratus on the principle of the
sphygmograph to register the speed, pressure, and
quantity of aerial currents in the respiratory tracts.
Anapnom'eter, {anupnoe, a,nd txerpor, 'measure,')
Spirometer.
Anapod'isis TJ'teri, {avairoSiati, from avaroji^w,
' I go back.') Retroversio Uteri.
Anapodism'us U'teri, {amnoSiaiJos,) Retroversio
Uteri.
Anapodophyl'lum Canaden'sfi, Podophyllum
peltatuni.
Anap'osis, Am'posia, {ana, and nooig, 'drink.')
A recession of humors from the circumference to
the centre of the body.
Anapsyo'tioa, {avaipvxo, 'I refresh.') Ana-
leptica.
Anap'tysis, {ava, and jm*w, ' I spit.') Expec-
toration.
Anaptyz'is, {avamv^is, from avanrvrnta, ' I un-
fold.') Growth.
Anarooti'na, Narcotine.
Anarrhegnu'mina, {avapimyvvm, * I break out
ANARRHINON
ANATOMY
49
again.') Fractures are so called when they he-
come disunited J as well as ulcers when they
break out afresh.
Anarrhi'non, {ana, and piv, 'the nose.') That
whicih returns by the nose.
According to others, that which issues by the
skin J (from ava, and pivo^, 'the skin.')
Anarrhi'num, Sternutatory.
Anarrhoe, Auarrhoca.
Auarrh.(B'a, Auar'rhoe, Anarrho'pia, Anas'-
tasin, {ana, and peo), 'I flow.') Afflux of fluid
towards the upper part of the body.
Aiiar'rh.oplie, {avappoipau), ' I suck in.') Ab-
Borption.
Anarrhophenu'si, (anarrhophe, and vovaog, ' dis-
ease.') Diseases of the absorbents.
Anarrhophe 'sis, {amppo^ijaii,} Absorption.
Anarrhop'ia, {avappoma, from ana, and prnta,
* I incline.'; Anarrhcea.
Anar'thrus, {avapdpoi, — from an, and ap^pov, ' a
joint.') Without a joint. One who is so fat that
his joints are scarcely perceptible.
Anasar'ca, {ana, ' through/ and aap^, gen.
aapxag, ' the flesh/) Catasar' ca, A' qua inter' cus
Beu in'ter cu'teni, Hi/pusai-'ca, Htf drops celUda'ria
totl'ns cor'poris, H. anasar'ca seu inter'cus seu
auhcuta'neus seu cellnlo'aus seu cuta'neus seu te'lm
ceUalo'sse, Katasar'ca, Episarcid'iumy Hy'deros,
Hydaton'cus, Hyderon'cas, Hydron'cus, Hydro-
sar'ca, Hydroder'nia., Hydrop'isia ve'rn, Sarci'tes,
Polylym'phia, Hijposarcid' ius, Leucojjhlegtna'fin,
Gen' eral drop' sy, Drop'ny of the cellular membrane,
(F.) Anasarqne. Commonly, it begins to mani-
fest itself by swelling around the ankles ; and is
characterized b}' tumefaction of the limbs and of
the soft parts covering the abdomen, thorax, and
even the face, with paleness and dryness of the
akin, and pitting when any of these (especially
the ankles) are pressed upon. Like dropsy in
general, anasarca may be active or ^)a«»(/fe ; and
its treatment must be regulated by the rules that
are applicable to dropsy in general. At times,
the symptoms are of an acute character, and the
eflFusion sudden, constituting Demiatoch'ysis, Hy' -
drops Anasar'ca acu'tas, (Ede'nia cnl'idum, CE.
acu'tum, CE. febri'le of some. See Hydrops.
Anasar'ca Hystkr'icu.m, Anathymiasis — a.
Pulmouum, Hydropneumonia, (Edema of the
lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens.
Amasarque, Anasarca.
Auasism'US, {avaaeiaiios, from ana, and aeiu), '1
shake.') Concussion.
Anaspa'dia, see Anaspasis.
Anaspa'dias, Epispa'dias, {ana, and anaio, ' I
draw.') One whose urethra opens on the upper
surface of the penis.
Anaspad'isis, see Anaspasis.
Anaspadism'us, see Anaspasis.
Anaspasis, Anaspaam' us, {avatmaaii, from ava,
'. and (Draw, * I draw/) Jietrac'tio. Contraction,
©specially of the bowels. The condition is called
Anaspa'dia, Anaspad' !sis, and Anaspadism'us.
Anaspasm'as, Anaspasis.
Anas'sa, Bromelia ananas.
Anastal'tica, {am, and ureAAw, ' I contract.')
Styptics.
Anas'tasis, {avcurrcung,) Anarrhoea. Also, re-
storation from sickness. Convalescence; (from
uviarrtui, ' I rise up.')
AnastCBcheio'sis, {ana, and croixtiov, 'ele-
ment.') Jieelementa'tio. Resolution of a body or
its parts into their elements.
be arrested in one vessel, it can proceed along
others-
ANASTO>ro'sTS Aneurismat'ica, Telangiectasia
— a. Jacobson's, see Petrosal ganglion.
Anastomot'ic, {avaaTOfjwriKos,) Anastomo' ticua,
(F.) Anastoiiiotique. Belonging or relating to anas-
tomosis.
ANASTOJroT'ic Ar'tery, see Anastomoticus.
Anastomot'ics, Anastomo'tica. Certain medi-
cines were formerly so called, which were believed
to be capable of opening the mouihs of vessels,
as aperients, diuretics, etc.
Anastomo'ticus Mag'nus (Ra'mus), (F.) Ar-
fere collaterule interne, A. cullaterale dn coude, is
a branch of the brachial artery, which comes oflf
a little above the elbow, and bestows branches to
the brachialis internus, to the under edge of the
triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments, Ac, about
the elbow joint. See Articular arteries of knee.
Anas'trophe "U'teri, {avaarpoipri, from ana, and
arpcifxa, ' I turn,') Inversio uteri.
Anat'asis, {avaraan, from ana, and rtwia, * I
stretch.') Extension.
Anathe'ma, gen. Annthe'matia, (ava&rj/jia, from
ana, and ri^np^if 'to put.') Tabula votiva.
Anathe'rum Murica'tum, Andropogon muri-
catus.
Anathom'ia, Anatomy.
Anathreps'is, {aim&peipig, from ana, and Tpc(l>(a,
' I nourish.') A renewal of nutrition, as in resto-
ration to previous health after exhausting disease.
Anatliymia'ma, gen. Anatliymiu'muiis, {ava-
^vpia/xa, Anathymiasis.
Anathymia'sis, ( ava$vpiaai<;, ) Anatliymia'ma^
{ana, and Ovf/a, ' fumigation,') OEde'ma fu'yax,
J'hyyade'vKt, QCde' nia spas'ticum, Q^de'ma hyater'-
icum, Anasar'ca hyater'icum. An uncertain and
transient swelling or inflation, said to have been
observed at times in nervous and hysterical per-
sons. It also means ExhalaJion, Fumigatiun,
and Hypochondriasis.
Anat'ole Un'guium, {avazoXri, from avartX^w, 'I
come forth.') See IS ail.
Anat'ome, {avuTopirj,) Anatomy — a. Animata,
Physiology.
Anatom'ia, Anatomy — a. Animalis, Zootomy
— a. Coniparata, Zootomy — a. Comparativa, Zo-
otomy — a. Viva, Physiology.
Anatom'ical, Anatom'icua, (F.) Anatomique ;
same etymon as Anatomy. Relating or apper-
taining to anatomy.
A.natoniie, Anatomy — a. dea Ages, see Anat-
omy — a. Chiruryicale, see^ Anatomy — a. Claa-
tique, see Anatomy — a. d' Evolution, see Anatomy
— a. du Fatus, see Anatomy — a des lief/iona,
see Anatomy — o. de Tejcture, Histology — a.
Topographique, see Anatomy.
Anatoniique, A n at (mi ical.
Anat'omism, Anatomism' us. The doctrine of
those who look into the arrangement of parts, to
explain all the phenomena of the organism.
Anat'omist, Anatom'icns. One who occupies
himself with anatomy. One versed in anatomy.
Anat'omy, { avaTop.ri,)Anat' ome, Anatom'ia, Ana-
thom'ia, Proaec'tio, {from ana, and rijpvetv, * to cut,')
(F.) Anatoniie. The word Anatomy properly signi-
fies rf/««e(</o«; but it has been appropriated to the
study and knowledge of the number, shape, situa-
tion, structure, and connection — inaword,of all the
apparent properties — of organized bodies. Anat-
omyis thescience of organization. Some have given
the term a still more extended acceptation, apply-
Anastomo'sis, {avaaropiarrti, from ana, aropt^a, *a \ ing it to every mechanical decomposition, even of
" ' ' inorganic bodies. Thus Crysttdlog'raphy has been
termed the^jmfo?/*?/of crystallized minerals. Anat-
omy has also been ca\\Q&Morphol'ogy, SovHttol'ogy,
Somaiot'omy, Organol'ogy, Ac. It assumes difl!er-
ent names, according as the study is confined to one
organized being, or to a species or class of beings.
Thus, Androt'omy, or Anthropot'omy, or Anthro-
mouth,' and osia.) Inoscula'tio seu Eeu'nio vaso
rum, Exanaatomo'ais, Concur'sua, Jnoscula'tion,
(F.) Anastomose, Abouchement. Communication
between two vessels. By considering the nerves
to be channels, in which a nervous fluid circulates,
their communication has been called Auastomoaia.
By means of anastomoses, if the course of a fluid
50
ANATOMY
pof/'rnphr/, or Authroposomatol' ogy, is the Anatomy
of Man ; Zobt'omy, that of the other species of
the animal kingdom ; and Vet' erinary Anat'omy,
is the anatomy of domestic animals; but when
the word is used abstractly, it means Ha'man
Anatomy, and particularly the study of the or-
gans in a physiological or healthy state. The
anatomy of foetal development has been called by
the French Anafomie da Foetus, A. d' Evolution, A.
dex Ages. Physiolog" icul Anatomy is occasionally
used to signify the kind of anatomy which inves-
tigates structure with a special view to function.
The Anatomy of the diseased human body is
called Patholog''ical or Mor'hid Anatomy, and
when applied to Medical Jurisprudence, Foren'sic
Anatomy. Several of the organs possessing a
similarity of structure, and being formed of the
same tissues, they have been grouped into Sys-
tems or Geoera of Organs; and the study of, or
acquaintance with, such systems, has been called
Ge)i'eral Anat'omy, Histol'ogy, or Morphot'omy,
whilst the study of each organ in particular has
been termed Descrip'tive or Spec"ial Anatomy,
Anthropomorphol'ogy. HintoVogy is, however,
more frequently applied to the Anatomy of the
Tis'sues, which is called, also, Tex'tural and Mi-
croHcop'ic Anatomy, Micranotom'ia. See Histology.
Descriptive Anatomy has been divided into 8kel-
etol'ogy, which comprises Osteol'ogy and Syndes-
mol'ogy ; and Sarcol'ogy, which is subdivided
into Myol'ogy, Neurol'ogy, AngioVogy, AdenoV-
ogy, Splanchnol'ogy, and Dermol'ogy. Sur'gical
Anat'omy, Medico-chirurgical Anat'omy, Topo-
grnph'ical Anat'omy, Re'gional Anat'omy, (F.)
Anatomie Chirurgicale, A. des Regions, A. Topo-
gi-aphiqne, is the particular and relative study of
the bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, <fec., with
which it is indispensable to be acquainted before
performing operations. Compar'ative or Analog" -
icnl Anatomy is the comparative study of each
organ, with a view to an acquaintance with the
modifications of its structure in different animals,
or in the different classes of animals; whilst
Homolog"ieal Anatomy examines the relations to
each other of the different parts of the same indi-
ridual. Transcendent' al or Philosoph'ical Anat-
omy inquires into the mode, plan, or model upon
which the animal frame or organs are formed;
Artifi'cial Anat'omy is the art of modelling and
representing, in wax or other substance, the
different organs or different parts of the human
body in the sound or diseased state; and Clan' tic
Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Clastiqiie, {K^aw^ ♦ I
break,') in the language of Auzous, is the forma-
tion of models in such sort that they can be
broken or separated into pieces. Phytot'omy and
Phytanat'omy is the anatomy of vegetables, and
Picto'rial Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus-
trated.
A.vat'omy, see Skeleton — a. Analogical, see
Anatomy — a. Artificial, see Anatomy — a. Clas-
tic, see Anatomy — a. Comparative, see Anatomy,
Zootomy — a. Descriptive, see Anatomy — a. Fo-
rensic, see Anatomy — a. General, see Anatomy —
a. Ilomological, see Anatomy — a. Human, see
Anatomy — a. of Man, sec Anatomy — a. Medi-
oo-chirurgical, see Anatomy — a. Microscopic, see
Anatomy — a. Morbid, see Anatomy — a. Patho-
logical, see Anatomy— -a. Pathological, micro-
Ecopic, see Histology — a. Philosophical, see Anat-
oijay — a,. Physiological, see Anatomy — a. Picto-
rial, see Anatomy — a. Practical, see Dissection —
a. Regional, see Anatomy — a. Special, see Anat-
omy — a. Surgical, 800 Anatomy — a. Textural,
see Anatomy — a. Topographical, see Anatomy —
%. Transcendental, see Anatomy — a. Veterinary,
aeo Anatomy.
Anatre'sis, {avaTpnmi, from ana, and Tpt<a, ' I
bore,') Perforation, Trepanning.
Anat'ribe, {ana, and Tptliu, * I rub,') Friction.
ANCONEUS
Anatrips'is, (avarpitpis,) Friction.
Anatripsorogy, Analrij)soloy"ia, Anatriptc
log"ia, {anatripsis, and Aoyoj, ' a discourse.') A
treatise on friction as a remedy.
Anatriptolog"ia, Anatripsology.
Ana'tron, Natron, Soda.
Ana'trope, (avarporrr), from aiia, and Tparta, '1
turn.') Subversion. A turning or subversion or
inverted action of the stomach, characterized by
nausea, vomiting, etc. We still speak of th«
stomach 'turning' against anything.
Anaud'ia, {avav6ia, from an, and avSn, ' speech,')
Catalepsy, Mutitas.
Anax'yris, Rumex a^cetosa.
Anaz'esis, {am^emi, from utia, and ^£a>, ' I boil,')
Ebullition.
A.nazotique, see Nitrogenized.
Anazotu'ria, (a?i, azotum, and ovpof, 'urine,')
see Urine.
An'cha, Haunch,
An'chilops, {ayxi^<^4'> from ay;^(, ' near,' and
w;//, ' the eye,') J^Igilops.
An'chone, {ayxovt/, from ayx<^, ' I strangle,')
Angone.
Anchora'lisProoes'sus, {anchora, ' an anchor,')
Coracoid.
Anchu'sa Angustifo'lia, (ayxovirc,) A. offici-
nalis — a. Incarnata, A. officinalis — a. Ly«op-
soides, A. officinalis.
Anchu'sa Officina'lis, A. Angustifo'lia seu
Incarna'ta seu LycopsoVdes, Encfm'sa, Alca'na,
Lin'gua Bo'vis, Buglos' sum sylves'tre,Offic"inal or
Gar'den Al'kanet or Bu'gloss, (Old. Eng.) Lang-
dehef, (F.) Buglose. Ord. Boragineas. Sex. Syst.
Pentandria Monogynia. A native of Great
Britain. The herb was formerly esteemed as a
cordial in melancholia and hypochondriasis ; but
it is now rarely used. It is also called Buglos' sa,
Buglos'sum angustifo'lium ma'Jus, B. vulga'ri
majus, B. sati'vum.
Anchu'sa Tincto'ria, Alcan'na spu'ria, Dy'er'a
Bu'gloss, Ane'bium, Buglos'sum Tincto'rum, Li-
thosper'mum villo' sum, Dy'er's Al'kanet, Orchnnet,
(P.) Orcanette. A European plant. The medical
properties are equivocal. It is used to give a
beautiful red color to ointments.
Anchylo'sis, Ankylosis.
Aneist'ron, [ayKiarpov,) Hamulus.
An'cle, (from ayKvXog, 'crooked,') Astragalus,
Malleolus.
An'cler, Malleolus.
An'clet, Malleolus.
An'cliff, Malleolus.
An'clowe, Malleolus.
Ancolie, Aquilegia vulgaris.
An'con, (ay*fwv,) Elbow, Olecranon.
Au'couad, see Ancoual aspect.
Ancon'agra, {ancon, and aypa, ' a seizure,')
Pechyagra.
An'coual or Anco'nal, (ancon.) Relating or
appertaining to the elbow or olecranon.
An'conal As'pkct. An aspect towards the side
on which the ancon or elbow is situated. — Bur-
clay. An'conad is used by the same writer, iul-
verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.'
Ancone, Anconeus.
Anoone'us, {ancon.) A term once applied to
every muscle attached to the olecranon. WinsI()^v
distinguished four — the great, external, intern(d,
and small; the first three being portions of the
same muscle, the triceps hrachialis. The last
has alone retained the name. It is the Ancone' us
mi'nor of Winslow, the Ancone'us seu Cubitn'lia
Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicondylocubita' lis of
Chauasier, the Bre'vis Cu'biti,{F.) AnconS, and is
situate at the upper and back part of the forearm.
It arises from the external condyle of the os hu-
meri, and is inserted into the posterior edge of
the upper third of the ulna. Its use is to aid is
the extension of the forearm.
ANCONEUS
ANilANTISSEMENT 51
AN(y>NE'us Extern'us, see Triceps extensor
eubiti — a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti
— a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti.
AuCte'reS, (ay^rripes, pi. of ayKTijf), 'a. clasp/
from «yX">, ' I strangle.') Fibulse or Glanpa by which
the lips of wounds were formerly kept together.
Ancteriasm'us, [ayKTtjpiaaiiog,) Infibulation.
Ancu'bitUS, Petrifac'tio. An affection of the
eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand were
irritating the organ.
Ancunulen'tae. A name formerly given to men-
struating females.
An'cus, ^h'^m*, (aycos, from oyfcwv, 'the elbow.)
One who cannot extend his arms completely.
Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation of
the humerus or forearm.
An'cyle, Ankylosis.
Ancylen'terum, (from ancylo, and tvrt^ov, 'an
intestine.') Adhesion or growing together of the
intestines.
An'cylo, (from aynfuXn, * a curve,' and hence a
stiff joint, — anki/losis.) In composition, a curved
♦ondition : and a growing together.
Ancylobleph'aron, {PXe<pafov, 'eyelid,') Anky-
loblepharon.
Ancylocheiria, Ankyloeheilia.
Ancylocolp'us, (/wAiroj, ' vagina,') Colpatresia.
Aneijlocore, Ankylocore.
Ancylod'ere, (^£p«», * neck,') Torticollis.
Ancylod'eris, Torticollis.
Ancylodon'tia, Ankylodontia.
Ancyloglos'sia, Ankyloglossia.
Ancylome'le, Ankylomele.
Ancylomerism'us, Ankylomerismus.
Ancylorrhin'ia, Ankylorrhinia.
Ancylo'sis, Ankylosis.
Ancylos'toma Duodena'16, Scleros'toma duo-
dena'le.
Ancylo'tia, Ankylotia.
Ancylot'omus, Ankylotomus.
An'cyra,( ayfupa,) Hook.
An'cyroid Cavity, (from ancyra, and tiiioi,
* shape,') Digital cavity.
Ancyroi'des Proces'sus, Coracoid.
And, Breath.
An'da. Native name of a tree of Brazil —
Anda Gome'eii seu BrasiUen'sis sue de Pison, An-
'. das'aUf Anda-agii, Joanne' sia prin'ceps. Ord.
' Euphorbiaceae. Sex. Syat. Monoecia Monadel-
phia. An oil — Oil of An'da — ia obtained from the
seeds by pressure, 50 to 60 drops of which act as a
cathartic. The fruit is an oval nut, containing two
seeds. Thesehave the taste of the chestnut; but are
strongly cathartic, and even emetic. The shell is
astringent, and is used as such in diarrhoea., «fcc.
Ande, Breath.
Andely, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Andely is in
France, near Gysore, and eight leagues from
Rouen. The water is cold, and a weak chaly-
beate. It is used in chlorosis and abdominal ob-
structions.
Andersch, Ganglion of, Petrous ganglion.
An'derson's Pills, see Pilulce Aloes et Jalapae.
Andi'ra Ibai, (Brazilian name,) Geoffra>a ver-
naifuga — a. Inermis, Geoffraea inermis — a. Race-
inosa, Geoffraea inermis — a. Surinamensis, Geoff-
nva surinamensis.
Andol-Andol. The tincture of Andol-Andol, a
large Chinese fly, about twice the size of the
Spanish fly, is much used in China and Java as
a powerful vesicant.
Andrachalia'ra, Sempervivum tectorum.
Andrach'ne, {avlt^axyn,) Arbutus unedo, Portu-
laca.
Andraedoe'a, (nndro, and sedcea,) Pudibilia.
Andraloffomdle, {andro, a, priv., Aoyoj, 'pro-
portion,' and (xrjXov, ' a domestic animal.') A
■ name given by Malacarne to a monster in which
, I he supposed the presence of the body of a man
I with the limbs of a brute.
Andranatom'ia, Andranat'ome, Androtom'ia,
Androt' ome, Anthropot' omy , {andro, and rcfweiv, ' to
cut.') The anatomy of man.
Andri'a, {av6ptia.) Adult age. Manhood.
Andri'a Mu'likr, Mulier Hermaphrodit' ica.
A female hermaphrodite.
An'dro, (from avrjp, gen. av6pos, 'man.') In
composition, man.
Androa'rium, {andro, and oarium, ' seed-
vessel,') Testicle.
Androgeni'a, {avhpoytvua, from andro, and
ytvtaii, ' generation.') The procreation of males.
Androgynistne, Hermaphrodeity.
Androg"ynoiis, Hermaphroditic.
Androg"ymiS, {av^^ywoq, from andro, and yvvri,
'a woman.') A hermaphrodite. An effeminat*
person. See Buggery.
Androleps'ia, {avbpo\r}\\;i^, from andro, and
'Kan^avo}, ' I lay hold of,') Conception.
Androma'nia, (from andro, and mania,) Nym-
phomania,
Androm'eda Arbo'rea,(from Andromeda, in an-
tiquity,) Sor'rel Tree, Sour Tree, Sonr Wood, Elk
Tree, Elk Wood, Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf, (F.)
AndromMe, Andromidier. A small indigenous
tree ; Ord. EricaccjB, Sex. Syst. Dccandria Mono-
gynia; found in the Alleghany Mountains, and
the hills and valleys diverging from them, as
far as the southern limits of Georgia and Ala-
bama; but seldom north of Virginia. The sour
leaves are refrigerant and astringent, and have
been used to make a kind of lemonade, which has
been given in fevers.
Androm'eda Maria'na, Broad-leaved Moor'-
wort, Kill Lamb, Lamb Killer, Stay' ger bush. A
decoction of this American plant is said to have
been successfully employed as a wash, in a disa-
greeable affection — not uncommon among the
negroes in the southern parts of the United States
— called the Toe Itch, and Ground Itch.
Androm'eda Nit'ida, Sonr'wood, Sor'rel tree,
indigenous; has properties similar to those of A.
arborea.
Androphon'ici (Mor'bi), {andro, and <povci,
murder,') Homicidal lesions.
Androphonoma'nia, {andro, <popos, 'murder,'
and mania.) Homicidal insanity.
Andropo'gon Bicorn'is, {andro, and Tnaymv, ' t
beard,') Junctus odoratus — a. Calamus aromati'
cus, see Oleum graminis indici — a. Citratus,
Junctus odoratus — a. Citriodorus, Junctus odora-
tus, Nardus indica.
Andropo'gon Murica'tus, A. squarro'sus,
Phal'aria zizano'i'des, Agroa'tis verticilla' ta, Ana-
the'riim murica'tum, Vetive'ria odora'ta, Vittie
vnyr, Cuaciia, Khtia-Khus, (F.) Vetiver, Vitivert,
Vettivert. Nat. Ord. Gramineae. The root of
this plant, from Bombay, is aromatic and bitter-
ish. It is used as a perfume, and to drive away
insects. It is also an excitant and diaphoretic.
Andropo'gon Nard'us, Calamus Alexandrinu«,
Nardus indica — a. Schoenanthus, Junctus odora-
tus — a. Squarrosus, A. muricatus.
Andro'sace, {andro, and CTOTOf, ' a buckler,' from
the appearance of the leaf,) Umbilicus marinus
— a. Matthioli, Umbilicus marinus.
Androsae'mum, Androase'mum offlcina'le, Hy-
peri'cuni androsse' mum, {andro, and hiita, 'blood.')
A European undershrub, whose leaves were, at
one time, much esteemed as a vulnerary.
Androt'omy, Andranatomia.
An'drum. An East India word, Latinized by
Kaempfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis of
the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia.
An^antisaement (F.), (from aniantir, — a, and
n^ant, 'nothing,' — (L.) annthilare, 'to annihi-
late,*) Vir'ium extinc'tio, Anni'hilation. This
word is often employed hyperbolically, by patients
in France, to signify excessive fatigue, debility,
or syncope.
52
ANEBIUM
ANEURISM
Ane'bium, Anchusa tinctoria.
Ane'bus, (awjiSos, from an, and {jfin, 'puberty/)
Impuber.
Anecype'tUS, (av&orut/roj, from av, and nveia, * I
promote suppuration.') Tbat wbich does not
suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate.
Ajieger'tica, {aveyupm, — ava, and eytipa, — * I
awaken.') The art of resuscitating the appar-
ently dead.
Aneile'ma, gen. Aneile'matia, Aneile'aia, {avti-
Xrifiti, from av£«A«(i>, — ava, and ciAeu, — 'I roll up.')
Api)Iied particularly to the motion of air in the
intestines and the tormina accompanying it.
Aneile'sis, (avsiXvois,) Aneilema.
Ane'inia, Anaemia.
Ane'mic, Ansemic.
Aiientie, Anaemia.
Anemo'ue, {avenwvr},) Wiiid Floicer ; (from
aveiJLog, ' the wind/ because it is said not to open
its flowers until blown upon by the wind [?]).
Anemone des JBois, Anemone nemorosa.
Anemo'ne Colli'na, a. pulsatilla — a. Gron-
landica, Coptis — a. Hepatica, Hepatica triloba —
a. Intermedia, A. pulsatilla.
Anemo'ne Ludovicia'na, A. patens.
Anemo'ne Nemoro'sa, Ranun' culua al'hua seu
nenioro'aus, Wood Anemo'ny or Anem'ony, (F.)
Anemone dea bois. Ord. Ranunculaceae. The herb
and flowers are poisonous, acrid, and corrosive.
They have been used as rubefacients.
Anemo'ne Pa'tkns, A. Ludovicia'na, PuhatiV-
lapa'tena; indigenous, from Illinois and Wiscon-
sia to the Rocky Mountains, is supposed to pos-
sess similar properties.
Anemo'ne Pbaten'sis, A. Syloes'tris, PulaatiV-
la m'gricana seu praten'nia. This plant has simi-
lar properties with the last. It is also called
Mead'ow Anem' ony ,{^ .) P idnaf ille noire, P. deapres.
Anemo'ne Pulsatil'la, A. Colli'na seu Inter-
me'dia seu Praten'ais seu Rii'hra, Pulaatil'la vid-
ga'ria. Her' ha ven'tia, Paaque flower, (F.) Coque-
loitrde, Paaae-fleur, possesses like properties.
Anemo'ne Ru'bra, A. pratensis — a. Rue-
leaved, Thalictum anemonoides — a. Sylvestris,
A. pratensis.
Anem'ony, Anemone hepatica — a. Meadow,
Anemone pratensis — a. Wood, Anemone nemo-
rosa.
An'emos, {avtfiog,) Wind.
Anencepha'lia, see Anencephalus.
Anencephalohae'mia, {an, eyKeipaXog, ' encepha-
ion/ and hfia, ' blood.') Defect of blood in the
brain. Syncope.
Anencephaloneur'ia, Anencephaloner' via, {an,
lyKcpaXoi, 'encephalon,' and vEvpov, 'nerve.')
Want of nervous action in the encephalon.
Anencephalotroph'ia, (an, £yK£<paXoi, 'the en-
cephalon,' and Ti)0(pr}, 'nourishment.') Atrophy
of the encephalon.
Auencepn'alus, (an, and ey/fc^aXof, 'brain.') A
monster devoid of brain. The condition has been
called Anencepha' Ha. Also, one that has a part
only of the brain; — Paraceph' alua. A weak,
silly person.
Anenerge'sia, (avevepyijaia, from an, ev, 'in/
»nd ii'yov, * work,') Debility.
Anenergi'a, Debility.
Anenterelmin'tha, (an, evrepov, 'intestine/ and
iXi^ivi, iXfxiv^, ' a worm,') Ancnterata. Worms un-
pr()vid<!(l with an intestinal canal,
Anentera'ta, (an, and evrepov, 'intestine.')
Anentcrelmintha.
Amnthrotwrvle Saturnine, (an, evrepov, ' in-
testine,' and vtvpov, 'nerve,') see Palsy, lead.
Anepis'ohesis, («n, and epiachea'ia,) Inconti-
nentia.
Anepithym'ia, (an, and em^fna, 'desire.')
Many noHologiwts have used this word for a loss
of the uupotitcs, as of those of hunger, thirst,
venery, «kc.
Anepithym'ia Chloro'sis, Chlorosis.
A'ner, (avrjii, gen. avdpo^.) A man.
Anerethis'ia, Inirritabil'itaa, (an, and epthttt^f
' irritability.') Defect of irritability.
Anervisinie, (a, and nervua, ' a nerve,*) Pa-
ralysis.
Anerythrop'sia, (an, (fvS^pos, 'red/ and o!//tf,
'vision.') Defective vision, which consists in an
incapability of distinguishing red. The term has
also been considered to be synonymous with
Achromatopsia.
An'esis, (aveais, from aviripi, ' to relax, remit,')
Remission.
Ane'son, (avrjaov,) Anethum.
A/nestliesie, Anaesthesia.
A.nesthesie Extatique. The aggregate of
phenomena of impaired feeling produced espe-
cially by the manipulations of the animal mag-
netizer.
AnestMsier, see Anaesthetization.
AnestJiesiquef Anaesthetic.
Anesthet'ic, Anaesthetic.
Aitesthetisation, Anaesthetization.
Anesthetiza'tion, Anaesthetization.
Anes'thetize, see Anaesthetization.
An'esum, Pimpinella anisum.
An'et, Anethum.
Anethf Anethum graveolens.
Ane'thi Fruc'tns, see Anethum graveolens.
Ane'thum, (aw^ov, from ano, and ^fw, 'I run/
from its quick growth, [?]) Ane'aon, Ane'ton,
Ane'thum Foenic' uluni seu Seg"ettim seu Piperi'-
tnm, Foenic'ulum, F. dul'ce seu officina'le seu vul-
ga're, Ligua'ticum foenic'ulum, Fan'culum, Mar'a-
thrum, Fen'nel or Finc'kle, An'et, Sweet Fen'nel,
(Prov.) Spin'gel, (F.) Fenonil on Ania doux. Ord.
Umbelliferas. Sex. Syat. Pentandria Digynia. The
fruit, Foenie'uliim (Ph. U. S.), has an aromatic
odor, and warm, sweetish taste. It is carmina-
tive. The oil — O'leum Foenic' idi. Oil of Fennel — •
is officinal in the Ph. U. S. The root is said to
be pectoral and diuretic.
Ane'thum Fcenic'ulum, Anethum.
Ane'thum Grave'olens, Ane'thum, A. horten'ae,
Paatina' ca Ane'thum seu Grave'olena, Fer'ula Gra-
ve'olena, Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouil pliant. A na-
tive of the south of Europe. The seeds, Ane'thi
Fnic'tm, (Ph. Br., 1867,) are stimulant and
carminative. A distilled water — A'qua ane'thi,
Dill water, and oil, O'leum Ane'thi, Oil of Dill,
(F.) Huile d' Aneth, are also officinal in the British
Pharmacopoeia. The dose of the former is'gr.
XV. to 3J.
Ane'thum Pastina'ca, Pastinaca sativa — a.
Piperitum, Anethum — a. Segetum, Anethum.
Anet'icus, (see Aneais,) Anodyne.
Ane'ton, (avtjrov,) Anethum.
An'etus, (avero^,) Intermittent fever — a. Quar-
tanus, Quartan — a. Quotidianus, Quotidian — a.
Tertianus, Tertian fever,
Aneural'gicon, (a, vtvpov, 'nerve,' and «Xyoj,
' pain.') A name given by Dr. C. T. Downing to
an instrument used by him to allay pain in
nerves. It is a kind of fumigating apparatus, in
which dried narcotic and other herbs are burnt,
the heated vapor being directed to any part of the
body.
Aneur'ia, (a, and vivpov, 'a nerve/) Paralysis.
An'eurism, An'eurysm, Aneurya'ma, Anetir'
rya'inua, Aneuria'vui, Crd'ma, (ai/evtwofta, {rom avev- \
pvveiv, — ava, and evpvvuv, — * to dilate or distend/)
Dilata'tio Arteria'rum, Ecta'aia, Exangi'a aneu- '
ria'ma, Arterieurija'ma, Artercnrya'ina, Hiematoce^-]
le arterio'aa, Abacea'aiia apirituo'ana, Arteriec' taai»f\
(F.) Anivi-yame, Aneuriame. Properly, Aneurism'
signifies a tumor, producd by the dilatation of an I
artery ; but it has been extended to lesions of ^ :
arteries, as well as to dilatations of the heart.
There are various kinds of aneurism. The fol-
lowing are the chief:
1
ANEUEISM
ANEURISMAL
68
I, When t"he blood, which forms the tumor, is
enclosed within the dilated coats of the artery.
This is the true Aneurism, Anenrys'ma ve'rum,
Her'nia Arteria'rum, (F,) Anivrysme vrai.
IL When the blood has escaped from the opened
artery, it is called spu'riotis or false An'eurism,
Anenris'ma spn'rium, Buptu'ra Arte'rise, Arterior-
rhex'is, Arteriodial' ysis, Ecchymo'ma arterio' sum,
(F.) AnSvrysme faux. The latter is divided into
three varieties : — 1. Diffused False An'eurism, (F.)
Anivrysme faux, primitif diff'us, voncirconscrit ou
par infiltration, which occurs immediately after
the division or rupture of an artery, and consists
of an extravasation of blood into the areolar tex-
ture of the part. • 2. Cir'ciimacribed False An'eu-
rism, (F.) Anevrysme faux consfcutif, circonscrit ou
par epanchement, enkystS OU sacciforme, Tumeur
himorrhagiale circonscrite, in which the blood is-
sues from the vessel some time after the receipt
of the wound, and forms itself a sac in the
neighboring areolar tissue. 8. Aneurism by An-
oitomo' sis, Var'icose, R<ic"emose or Gir'soid An'-
eurism, Arte' rio-ve' nous Aneurism, Pklebarteriodi-
al'ysis, Aneurys'ma veno' so-arterio' sum, A. varico'-
8um seu racemo' sum seu cirsoi'des, Angio'ma ar-
teriale racemosum, (F.) Anevrysme par anastomose
onvariqueux, A. par erosion, A.de'PoTT,A. desplus
petites artkres, which may arise from the simulta-
neous wounding of an artery and a vein ; — the ar-
terial blood passing into the vein, and producing a
varicose state of it, or by an increase of arterial
tissue and a dilatation and elongation of arteries.
The term Cirsoid is employed when the trunks of
the larger vessels are involved, and Aneurism by
Anastomosis when the smaller vessels and capil-
laries are affected.
III. Mix'ed An'eurism, (F.) Anevrysme mixte,
is that which arises from the dilatation of one or
two of the coats, with division or rupture of the
other. Some authors have made two varieties of
this : — 1. Mixed exter'nal An'eurism, where the
internal and middle coats are ruptured, and the
areolar is dilated. 2. Mixed inter'nal An'eurism,
in which the internal coat is dilated, and pro-
trudes, like a hernial sac, through the ruptured
middle and outer coats. This variety has been
called Aneurys'ma her'niam arte' rise sistens.
A sacciform or sacculated aneurism, aneurysnia
tacculatum, consists of a distinct sac or bag,
having a comparatively narrow channel of com-
munication with the artery. A fusiform, cylin-
droid, or tubidar aneurism, aneurysma fusiforme,
is one formed by a dilatation of all the coats of
fthe vessel and an elongation of the aff"ected part
of the artery.
Aneurisms have been termed traumat'ic, aneurys-
ma ex vulnere, or exog"enou8, and sponta'neous,
according as tliey may have been caused by a
wound, or have originated spontaneously. The
latter, when originating from lesions of the inner
rcoats of arteries, have been termed endog"enous.
Aneurisms have also been divided into inter'nal
and exter'nal. The internal aneurisms are situate
tin the great splanchnic cavities, and occur in
the heart and great vessels of the chest, abdomen,
Ac. Their diagnosis is difficult, and they are
often inaccessible to surgical treatment. The
external aneurisms are situate at the exterior of
the head, neck, and limbs, and are distinctly
pulsatory.
Aneurisms may be caused by earthy and athe-
romatous degenerations of the artery, embolism,
external injury, <fec., a predisposition being estab-
lished by age, occupation, &c. Sometimes quite
a number of arteries are affected, constituting an
ancurismal diathesis.
Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be com-
bated by rest, and a debilitant treatment, on the
J plan of Valsalva, which consists in repeated
;, blood-letting, with food enough merely to sup-
! port life. The local treatment of aneurism con-
sists in the use of digital or mechanical compres-
sion, ligation of the artery, manipulation, injec-
tion of the sac, Ac.
An'eurism by Anastomo'sis, see Aneurism — a.
of Bone, Osteoaneurism — a. Brasdor's operation
for, see Brasdor — a. Cirsoid, see Aneurism — a.
Cylindroid, see Aneurism.
An'eurism, Dissect'ing, Aneurys'ma dis'secuns,
is one in which, owing to rupture of the inner and
middle coats of an artery, the blood makes itself
a channel between these coats and the outer coat
In many cases, the lesion appears to consist ia
a separation of the laminae of the middle coat,
between which the blood forms itself a channel. It
occurs in old persons, more particularly in women.
An'eurism, Endog"enous, see Aneurism, and
Endogenous — a. Exogenous, see Aneurism, and
Exogenous — a. External, see Aneurism — a.
False, see Aneurism — a. False, circumscribed, see
Aneurism — a. False, diflFused, see Aneurism — a.
Fusiform, see Aneurism.
An'eurism of the Heart, Cardion'chus, Car-
dieurys'ma, Cardianeurys'ma, (F.) AnSvrysme dtt
coeur, has been divided into active and passive.
The former can scarcely be esteemed aneurisms,
as they most commonly consist of increased thick-
ness of the parietes of the heart, which diminishes
its cavity instead of increasing it. The term Hy-
pertrophy of the heart better indicates their charac-
ter. Pas'sive an'eurism, Cardiec'tasis, on the con-
trary, is attended with extenuation of the parietes
of the organ, and enlargement of the cavities.
The physical signs of dilata'tion of the heart are
the following : — The action of the heart is not
visible, and no impulse is conveyed to the hand.
On percussion, there is a loss of resonance over a
larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much
less intense than that which accompanies hyper-
trophy. On auscultation, the action of the heart
is only slightly felt, and communicates at once
the impression of its diminished power. The im-
pulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are
widely transmitted over the thorax, and are not
much fainter at a distance from their point of
origin.
Par'tial or true an'eurism of the heart — Cardi-
ec'tasis partia' lis, Aneurys'ma consecnti'vum cor'dis
— is sometimes seen ; rarely, however.
The name Aneurism of the Valves of the Heart
has been given to pouch-like projections of the
valves into the auricles.
An'eurism, Inter'nal, see Aneurism.
An'eurism, Intracra'nial. Aneurism of th*
basilar, anterior cerebral, internal carotid, and
other arteries within the cranium.
Aneurism, Mil'iary. A pathogenic lesion
frequently observed in old persons who are the
victims of cerebral hemorrhage, consisting of an
alteration of the arterial system in the brain,
with production of aneurisms in the smaller
arteries, hemorrhage resulting from rupture of
these aneurisms.
An'eurism, Mix'ed, see Aneurism — a. Mixed,
external, see Aneurism — a. Mixed, internal,
see Aneurism — a. Racemose, see Aneurism —
a. Sacciform or Sacculated, see Aneurism — a.
Spontaneous, see Anewism — a. Spurious, see
Aneurism — a. Traumatic, see Aneurism — a.
True, see Aneurism — a. Tubular, see Aneurism
— a. Valsalva's treatment of, see Aneurism — a.
Varicose, see Aneurism.
Aneuris'nia, gen. Aneurism' atis, Aneurism,
Aneurysma.
Aneuris'mal, Aneurys' mal, Aneuriamat'ic, An-
eurysmat'icus, Aneurisma'lis, (F.) AnSvrysmal,
AnSvrysmatique. That which belongs to Aneurism.
Aneuris'mal Sac or Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste
Anivrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the
dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the
blood, forming the aneurismal tumor, is con-
tained.
64
ANEUKISMATIC
Aneurismat'ic, Aneurismal.
An'eurysm, Aneurism.
Aneurys'ma, gen. Aneurysm' atis, (avtvpvana,)
Aneurism — a. ex Anastomosi, see Aneui'ism —
a. Cirsoides, see Aneurism — a. Cordis activum,
Heart, hypertrophy of the — a. Dissecans, see
Aneurism — a. Fusiforme, see Aneurism — a.
Herniam arteria) sistens, see Aneurism — a. Os-
teoides, Osteoaneurism — a. Racemosum, see An-
eurism — a. Sacculatum, see Aneurism — a.
Spurium, see Aneurism — a. Varicosum, see
Aneurism — a. Venoso-arteriosum, see Aneurism
— a. Verum, see Aneurism — a. ex Vulnere, see
Aneurism.
A.neurysme, Aneurism.
Aneurysm'us, Aneurism, Dilatation.
Anev'ria, (a, and vevpov, *a nerve,') Paralysis.
Ajnemrysnial, Aneurismal.
A.rievrysmatique, Aneurismal.
Ayievrysme, Aneurism — a. par Anastomose,
see Aneurism — a. de I'Aorte, Aorteurysma — a.
des plus 2^etite8 Arteres, see Aneurism — a. Circon-
ecrit, see Aneurism — a. Diffus, see Aneurism —
a. Enkyste, see Aneurism -y- a. par Epanchement,
see Aneurism — a. par Erosion, see Aneurism
— a. Faux, see Aneurism — a. Faux eonsecutif,
Bee Aneurism — a. par Infiltration, see Aneurism
— o. Ilixte, see Aneurism — a. de Pott, see Aneu-
rism — a. Primitif, see Aneurism — a. Sacciforme,
gee Aneurism — a. Variqueux, see Aneurism — a.
Yrai, see Aneurism.
Au'eys, see Pimpinella anisum.
Au'fion, Maslach.
A^nfractuositSSf Anfractuosities — a. CSrS-
hrales, Anfractuosities, cerebral — a. Ethmoidales,
see Anfractuosity.
Anfractuos'ity, An/rac'tus, Sul'cus, (aw,
* around,' a-nd frangere, fraetum, *to break,') (F.)
An/ractuosite. A groove or furrow. Used in
anatomy to signify sinuous depressions or sulci,
of greater or less depth, like those vyhich separate
the convolutions of the brain from each other.
Anpractuos'ities, Cer'ebral, Anfrac'tus Cer'-
ehri, (F.) An/ractuositis Cirebrales, are always
narrow, and deeper at the upper surface of the
brain than at its base ; and are lined by a pro-
longation of the pia mater. The Ethmoid Cells
are, sometimes, called Anfraetuosites ethmoidales.
Anfract'us, gen. Anfmct'tis, Anfractuosity — a.
Cerebri, Anfractuosities, cerebral.
Angecta'sia, Angiectasis.
Angei'a, (pi. of Angeion,) see Angeion — a.
Pneuinatica, see Artery.
Angei'al, (from angeion,) Vascular.
Angeiecta'sia, Angiectasis.
Angeiec'tasis, Angiectasis.
Angeiecto'ma, Angiectasis.
Angeiocardi'tis, Angiocarditis.
Allgeiog"eny, Angeiogen'ia, Angiog"eny, An-
giogen'ia, {angeion, and ycvvauj, ' I generate.') For-
mation or generation of vessels.
Angeiog'raphy^ Angiog' raphy, Angeiograph'ia,
{angeion, and yfiaipn, ' a description.') A descrip-
tion of the vessels.
Angeiohydrog'rapliy, Angiohydrog' raphy , An-
feioliyilrogra'pkia, IJydrongiograph'ia, {angeion,
iu)jj, ' water,' and ypn(pM, * I describe.') A descrip-
tion of the lymphatics.
Angeiohydrorogy, Angeiohydrolog" la, Angio-
hydnd'ogij, {angeion, ifnap, ' water,' and Aeyoj, a
'description.') A treatise on the vessels.
Angeiohydrot'omy, Angiohydrot'omy, Angeio-
hydrotoin'ia, IJydrangiotom'iu, {angeion, v6u>p,
* water,' and to//*;, ' incision.') Dissection of the
lymfthatics.
Angeioleuci'tis, Angioleuci'tis, {angeion, Acv/ro;,
'white,' and itis,) Angiolymphi'tis, LymphangeVtis,
Lyinphangi'tis, LymphangoVtis, Lyniphangio'i'tis,
Hydrangei'tis, Lyiuphi'tis, Lymphati'tis, Inflam-
nia'tio vuso'ruin lymphatico'ruin, (F.) Infiammation
ANGELICA
des vaisseaux lymphatiques ou dea tissus llantra.
Inflammation of the lymphatics. Lymphatic or
scrofulous inflammation.
Angeiol'Ogy, Angiol'ogy, Angeiolog"ia, {an-
geion, and Aoyoj, * a discourse.*) A treatise on the
vessels. The anatomy of the vessels. It includes
Arteriol'ogy, Plilebol'ogy, and Angeiohydrol' ogy.
Angeioma, Angioma.
Angeiomala'cia, Angiomala'da, (from angeion,
and fiaXaKia, ' softening.') Mollescence or soften-
ing of vessels.
Angeiom'yces, {angeion, and /tvKrjs, ' a fungus,')
Hgematodes fungus.
Angei'on, {ayytiov, pi. ayyeia,) Vessel.
Angeiono'ma, Angionoma. .
Angeion'osus, {voaoi, ' disease,') Angeiopathia.
Angeionu'sus, Angeiopathia.
Augeiopathi'a, Angiopathi' a, Angeion'osus, An-
geionu'sus, Angio'ais, {angeion, and itaQoi, a 'dis-
ease.') Disease of the vessels.
Angeiopla'nia, Angiopla'nia, {angeion, 'a, ves-
sel,' and nXavt), 'error.') Anomaly in the structure
and distribution of vessels.
Angeioplero'sis, {angeion, and irAiy/jow, 'I fill
up.') Plethora.
Angeiop'yra, {angeion, and imp, *fire, fever.')
Synocha.
Allgeiorrhag"ia, {angeion, and l>ayn, ' rupture.')
Haemorrhagia activa.
Angeiorrhoe'a, Angiorrhce'n, (F.) Angeiorrhee,
{angeion, and ptu, * I flow.') Passive hemorrhage.
Angeio'sis, Angiosis.
Angeiostegno'sis, {angeion, and (TTcy»/ow, * I con-
strict.') Constriction of vessels.
Augeiosteno'sis, {angeion, a.ndanvos, * narrow.']
Narrowness of vessels.
Angeiosteo'sis, Angiosto'sis, {angeion, and
ooTtwaii, ' ossification.') Ossification of vessels.
Angeios'trophe, {angeion, andorpe^av, * to turn,
to twist.') See Torsion.
Augeiotelecta'sia, {angeion, TfAof, 'end,' and
tKjaaii, * dilatation.') Telangiectasia.
Angeiot'omy, Angiot'omy, Angeiotom'ia, {an'
geion, and Toim, * incision.') Dissection of vessels.
Angei'tis, gen. Angei'tidis, Angi'i'tis, Angio'i'tis,
Jnfiamnia'tio vaso'rum, (F.) Angeite, {angeion, and
itis.) Inflammation of vesbels in general.
Angel Bread. A kind of purgative cake, for-
merly made of spurge, ginger, flour, and oat-
meal.
Angel Water. A fashionable cosmetic in the
17th century. It is said to have been prepared
by simmering together orangefiower water, benzoin,
storax, cinnamon, cloves, and calanms aromaticus /
adding, also, musk. The supernatant fluid was
the angel water. Perfumed cakes were made of
the dregs, and * sweet bags' to lay among clothes.
Angel'ic Root, Angelica lucida.
Angel'ica, Augel'ica Archangel' ica seu Eis-
pa'na seu Sati'va, Archangel'icu oj^cina'lis, Gur'-
den Angel'ica, (F.) Angelique, Haciue de Saint
Esprit. (So called from its supposed angelic vir-
tues.) Old. Umbellifera). Sex. Synt. Peutandria
Digynia. Native of Lapland. The root, stalk,
leaves, and seed are aromatic and carminative.
A sweetmeat is made of the root, which is agreea-
ble. See Acidum valerianicum.
Angel'ica A kch angel'ica, Angelica.
Angel'ica Atkopurfu'uea, Angelica (Ph.
U. S.), Masterwort. An indigenous species, grow-
ing over the whole United States, now dismissed
from the secondary list of the Pharmacopa'ia of
the United States, (1873.) Virtues, same as those
of the Angelica of Europe.
Angei/ica Levist'icum, Ligustioum levisticum.
Angel'ica Lu'cida, Angel'ic root, Bel'lyache
root, Nen'do, White root, an indigenous plant, the
root of which is bitterish, subacrid, fragrant,
aromatic, stomachic, and tonic. Also, Ligusticum
actasifolium.
ANGELICA
ANGINA
65
Angel' iCA Nen'do, Ligusticum actajifolium — a.
Officinalis, Imperatoria — a. Paludapifolia, Ligus-
ticuin levisoicum — a. Sativa, Angelica, A. syl-
vestris.
Angel'icA Sylves'tris, A. sati'va, Seli'num
Sylves'tre seu Anyel'ica seu Pubes'certs, Impera-
to'ria Sylves'tris seu Anyel'ica, Wild Angel' ica,
(F.) A'lgeliqae sauvage. Pussesses similar prop-
erties to the last, but in an inferior degree. The
seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used to
destroy lice. See Ligusticura podagraria.
Angkl'ica Tree, Aralia spinosa.
Angeli'nae Cor'tex. The bark of a Grenada
tree, (Geofirae'a iuer'mis [?]), which has been
recommended as anthelmintic and cathartic.
Angelique, Angelica — a. Sauvage, Angelica
gylvestris.
Angeloc'acos, Myrobalanus.
Angemphrax'is, Angiemphraxis.
A.ngifiirrfiagie, {migeion, ar/p, 'air,' and
briYvvtii, ' to break forth.') Hasmoptysis.
AngiaitTliemie, {angeion, ar/p, 'air,' and aqia,
'blood.') Haemoptysis.
Angiaiirrhydrie, {angeion, atjp 'air,' and hSup,
'water.') Asphyxia by submersion.
A.n{/ibrotnelmint7iief [angeion, ^pwna, 'food,'
and iXpivi, 'a worm.') Worms (intestinal).
AngicJiololithe, [angeion, xo^o^, 'bile,' and
XiSoj, ' a stone.') Calculi, biliary.
Angidiecta'sia, Trichangiectasia.
Angidiospon'gus, {ayY^i^t'^v, 'a small vessel,'
and (TTToyyoj, ' a fungus.') Haematodes fungus.
Angiecta'sia Veno'sa, Varix.
Angiec'tasis, Angeiecta' sia, Angecta'sia, An-
gieurys'inu,Angeiecto'nia,Angiodias'tasi8,[angeion,
and EKTaffii, ' dilatation.') Dilatation of vessels.
See Telangiectasis.
Angiectop'ia, {ayigeion, ck, 'out of,' and totoj,
'a place.') A condition in which the vessels are
out of their natural situation.
Angiemphrax'is, Angemphrax'is, {angeion, and
efKppa^is, ' obstruction.') Obstruction of vessels.
Angieurys'ma, gen. Angieuryym'atis, {angeion,
and Evpvvetv, ' to dilate.') Angiectasis.
Atigiite, Angeitis, Inflammation.
Angii'tis, gen. Angii'tidis, {angeion, and itia.)
Angeitis.
Angi'na, Fe'hris Angino'aa, Isthmi'tis, Quin'ay
or Sorethroat ; {angere, 'to choke.') Inflamma-
tion of the supra-diaphragmatic portion of the
alimentary canal, and of the air passages. The
Latin writers applied the term to every disease in
which deglutition or respiration, separately or
united, was aff"ected, provided that such afi'ection
was above the stomach and lungs. Boerhaave
speaks of the angina of the moribund, which is
nothing more than the dysphagia or difficult deg-
lutition preceding death. See Cynanche.
A>fGi'NA Aphtho'sa, Aphthae — a. Aquosa, (Ede-
ma of the glottis — a. Bronchialis, Bronchitis —
a. Canina, Cynanche trachealis.
Angi'na Catarrh a' lis. Catarrhal inflammation
of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, soft
palate, uvula, and tonsils.
Angi'na Cord'is, Angina pectoris.
Angi'na Diphther'ica, Diphtheritic inflamma-
tion of the fauces and palate. See Pharyngitis,
Diphtheritic.
Angi'na Epidem'ica, Cynanche maligna — a.
Epiglottidea, Epiglottitis — a. Erysipelatosa, Ery-
thranche — a. Exsudatoria, Cynanche trachealis
— a. Externa, Cynanche parotidaea — a. Faucium,
Isthmitis — a. Faucium exsudativa. Pharyngitis,
diphtheritic — a. Faucium maligna. Cynanche
maligna — a. Folliculosa of the pharynx, Pharyn-
gitis, follicular — a. Gungraenosa. Cynanche ma-
ligna — a. Giandulosa, Pharyngitis, follicular —
a. Hogskin, Pharyngitis diphtheritic — a. Ilumida,
Cynanche trachealis — a. Inflammatoria, Cynan-
che, Cynanche trachealis — a. Laryngaea, Laryn-
gitis — a. Laryngaia (Edematosa, (Edema of the
glottis — a. Linguaria, Glossitis.
Angi'na Ludov'ici, (after Ludwig of Stutt-
gard, who first fully described it.) A phlegmon-
ous inflammation of the floor of the mouth and
the intermuscular and subcutaneous connective
tissue of the submaxillary region, sometimes
terminating in diffuse gangrene and slough-
ing.
Angi'na Malig'na, Angina pellicularis, Cy-
nanche maligna, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a.
Maxillaris, Cynanche parotidsea — a. Membra-
nacea, Cynanche trachealis — a. Mitis, Isth-
mitis.
Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nasi'tia posti'ca. An in-
flammation of the posterior portion of the Schnei-
derian membrane lining the nose. Also, Coryza.
Angi'na (Edkmato'sa, (F.) Angine oedemateuse,
(Edhne de la Glotte. An cedematous swelling of
the glottis, the efi"ect of chronic cynanchelaryngaea.
See CEdema of the Glottis.
Angi'na Palati'na, Hyperoitis — a. Paralytica,
Pharyngoplegia — a. Parotidaea externa, Cynan-
che parotidaea.
Angi'na Pec'toris, A. cor'dis, Stemal'gia,
Asth'ma spastico'drthrit'icum incon'stans, Asth'ma
diaphragmat' icnm, Arthri'tis dia^hragmat'ica,
Apnoea cardiaca, Orthopnoe'a cardi'aca, Sterno-
dyn'ia syncop'tica et pal'pitans, S. syncopa'lis, Car-
diag'mus cor'dis sinis'tri, Astheni'a pectora'lis,
An' gor pec'toris,Stenocar' dia,Diaphragmat'ic gout,
Asth'ma convulsi'vutn, Asthma arthrit'icnm, Car-
dioneural' gia, Neutal'gia brachiothorac"ica seu
cardiaca, Hypericsthe' sia plex'tia cardi'aci, A. do-
lorif icum,Syn' cope angina' sa seu an' gen8,Cardiod' -
yne apasniod'ica intermit' tens, Pnigopho'bia, Pru-
nel' la,Snspir' ium cardi' acnm,Rheumonal' gia,Siiff' -
ocatioe Breast'jjang, Car'diac Apnce'a, (F.) Angine
de Poitrine, Nivrose du Coeur. A disease, the pre-
cise pathology of which is not known. The prin-
cipal symptoms are, violent pain about the ster-
num, extending towards the arms, anxiety, dysp~
noea, and sense of suffocation. It is an affection
of great danger, and is often connected with os-
sification, or other morbid condition of the heart.
It appears to be neuropathic, and has been
termed Neural' gia of the Heart. Some, however,
employ this last term for an acutely painful in-
termittent affection of the heart, which seems to
differ from angina pectoris more in regard to the
small number of parts which are drawn into
morbid consent with the affected cardiac nerves,
than in regard either to its nature or appropriate
treatment. The most powerful stimulating and
narcotic antispasmodics are required during tha
paroxysm.
Angi'na Pellicula'ris, Pharyngitis, diphthe.
ritio — a. Perniciosa, Cynanche trachealis — a.
Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Mem-
branacea, Cynanche trachealis — a. Polyposa, Cy-
nanche trachealis — a. Pseudo-membranosa, Pha-
ryngitis, diphtheritic — a. Pulposa, Cynancha
trachealis — a. Sanguinea, Cynanche tonsillari?.
Angi'na Sic'ca, (F.) Angine Seche, is a chronic
inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing
sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of
the stomach and lungs. See Pi«danchone.
Angi'na Sim'plex, Isthmitis — a. Spastica,
Asthma thymicum.
Angi'na Squirro'sA, (F.) Angine aquirreuse,
consists in difficulty of deglutition, caused by
scirrhous disorganization of the pharynx or eso-
phagus, or by enlarged tonsils.
Angi'na Strangiilato'ria, Cynanche trachealis
— a. Strepitosa, Cynanche trachealis — a. Suf-
focatoria, Cynanche trachealis — a. Synochalis,
Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Thyreoidea, Thyreoitid
— a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Tra-
chealis, Cynanche trachealis — a, cum Tumore,
Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Ulcerosa, Cynanche
56
ANGINE
ANGOR
maligna — a. TJvularis, Staphyloedema. Uvulitis
— a. Vera et legitima, Cynanche tonsillaris.
Allgine, Angina — a. Conenneuse, Pharyngitis,
diphtheritic — a. Diphth Critique, Pharyngitis,diph-
theritic — a. FibrineuHe, Pharyngitis, diphther-
itic — a. Outturale, Cynanche tonsillaris — a.
Gutturale eoueniiense, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic —
a. Laryng^e, Laryngitis — u. Larynyee et tra-
cheale, Cynanche trachealis — a. Larynyie cedema-
teme, (Edema of the glottis — a. Maliyne, Pha-
ryngitis, diphtheritic — a. GiJsophagiemie, (Esopha-
gitis — a. Pharyngee, Cynanche parotidsea — o.
Plaatique, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. de Poi-
trine, Angina pectoris — a. PseudomembranrMae,
Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. S^che, Angina sicca
— a. Simple, Isthmitis — a. Squirrense, Angina
squirrosa — a. TonsiUaire, Cynanche tonsillaris.
^tif/lneiioe, Anginose.
An'g'inose, An'yinoua, Angino'aus, (F.) Angi-
neux. Relating or appertaining to angina; as
Scarlati'na anyino'sa.
Angiocardi'tis, gen. Angiocardi'tidis, Angeio-
cardi'tia, [angeioii, and carditis.) Inflammation
of the heart and great vessels.
Augiodias'tasis, {angeion, and hiaarami, ' sep-
aration,') Angiectasis.
Angiog'eny, Angeiogeny.
Angiog'raphy, Angeiography.
AngioJiemie, {miyHon^ and atna, 'blood,') Hy-
peraemia.
Angiohydrog'raphy, Angeiohydrography.
Angiohydrorogy, Angeiohydrology.
Angiohydrot'omy, Angeiohydrotomy.
Angioi'tis, Angeitis.
Angioleuci'tis, Angeioleucitis.
Angiol'ogy, Angeiology.
Angiolymphi'tis, Angeioleucitis.
Allgio'ma« gen. Any io' matin, Angeio'ma, (^an-
geion, and oma,) Tumor Vascidosus, Vn»cular tu-
mor. A tumor composed mainly of newly-formed
bloodvessels, or of bloodvessels with newly -formed
elements in their walls. — Virchow.
Angio'ma Arteria'le Racemo'sum, see Aneu-
rism (cirsoid).
Angiomala'cia, Angeiomalacia.
Angiom'yces, {angeion, and ixvKrjs, 'a fungus.')
Hajmatodes fungus.
Angioneuro'sis, (angeion, ' vessel,' and neuro-
sis.) A neurosis connected with the bloodvessels
of a part. Herpes zoster, for example, is de-
scribed as a vaso-raotor neurosis in the super-
ficial cutaneous layers, an " exanthematous an-
geioneurosis."
Angiono'nia, gen. Angiono'tnatis, Angeiono'ma,
{angeion, and oma.) A vascular growth. Applied,
by Dr. J. II. Bennett, generically, to aneurism,
erectile tumors, and varix.
Angion'osus, {angeion, and voms, * a disease,')
Angeiopathia.
Angionu'sus, Angeiopathia.
Angiopathi'a, Angeiopathia.
Angiopla'nia, Angeioplania.
Angioplero'sis, {angeion, and rtXijpou}, '1 fill,')
Plethora.
Angiop'yra, {angeion, and zvp, 'fire, fever,')
Synocha.
Angiorrhag^ia, {angeion, and /5ay»7, 'rupture.')
HcLMiiorrhagia activa.
AngiorrhoB'a, Angeiorrhoea.
Angio'sis, Angiopathia.
Angiostegno'sis, {aTcyvuiais, 'constriction,')
Angeiostegnosi.s.
Angiosteno'sis, {arevuais, ' contraction,') An-
geiostenosjs,
Angiosto'sis, Angciostosis.
Angios'trophe, larptcpw, ' I turn.') See Torsion.
Angioteleota'sia, {angeion, TcXos, 'end,' and
cKTHfjii, 'cxt(!n8ion. dilatation,') Telangiectasia.
Angioten'iOt Angrioten'ic, Angioten'icHH, An-
geioten' icus, {angeion, and ruveiv, 'to stretch.')
An epithet given to inflammatory fever, owing to
its action seeming to be chiefly exerted on th»
vascular system.
Angiot'omy, Angeiotomy.
An'gle, An'yulus, {ayKvXoi, 'a hook.') The
space between two lines which meet in a point.
An'gle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is
formed by the union of two lines, one of which ia
drawn from the most prominent part of the fore-
head to the alveolar edge of the upper jaw, oppo-
site the incisor teeth — the facial line — and th«
other from the meatus auditorius externus to the
same point of the jaw. According to the size of
the angle it has been attempted to appreciate the
respective proportions of the cranium and lace,
and, to a certain extent, the degree of intelligence
of individuals and of animals. In the white
varieties of the species, this angle is generally
80° ; in the negro not more than 70°, and some-
times only 65°. As we descend the scale of ani-
mals, the angle becomes less and less ; until, in
fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears. Animals
which have the snout long, and facial angle small,
such as the snipe, crane, stork, Ac, are proverbi-
ally foolish, at least they are so esteemed; while
intelligence is ascribed to those in which the angle
is more largely developed, as in the elephant and
the owl. In these last animals, however, the
large facial angle is caused by the size of the
frontal sinuses : — so that this mode of appreciat-
ing the size of the brain is very inexact, and can-
not be depended upon.
The following is a table of the angle in man
and certain animals :
Man from 68° to 88° and more.
Sapajou 65
Orang-Outaug 56 to 58
Giienon 57
Mandrill 30 to 42
Coati 28
Pole-Cat 31
Pug-Dog 35
Mastiff 41
Hare 30
Ram 30
Horse 23
An'gle, Occip'ital, of Daubenton, is formed
by a line drawn from the posterior margin of the
foramen magnum to the inferior margin of the
orbit, and another drawn from the top of the
head to the space between the occipital condyles.
In man, these condyles, as well as the foramen
magnum, are so situate, that a line drawn perpen-
dicular to them would be a continuation of the
spine; but in animals they are placed more or
less obliquely; and the perpendicular is neces-
sarily thrown farther forward, and the angle ren-
dered more acute.
An'glk, Op'tic, An'gidus Opti'cus seu Visoriuaf
(F.) Anyle optique ou visuel, is the angle fofmed
by two lines, which shave the extremities of an
object, and meet at the centre of the pupil.
Angle Visnel, Angle, optic.
Ang'nail, Hangnail.
A-tujoisse, Angor.
Ango'lam. A very tall Malabar tree, which
possesses vermifuge properties.
An'gone, properly An'chon'e, {ayxovri, from ayXMty
' I choke.') Anad'rome, Uysterapopniyia, Hya'-
teropnix, Prsefoca'tio Fau'ciitm seu Uteri' nasevk
Matri'cia, Strangula' tio seu Pra/oca'tio uteri'na,
Suffoca'tio uteri'na seu hyster'ica, Glo'bua seu
Glo'btdua seu No'dua hyaler'tcua, Orthopuve'a hya-
ter'ica,Dyspha'gia globo'aa seu hyater'ica, Ner'voua
Qnin'ay. A feeling of strangulation, with dread
of suffocation. It is common in hysterical fe-
males, and is accompanied with a sensation as if
a ball arose from the abdomen to the throat.
An'gor, gen. Ango'rin, Aii'guiah, (F.) Angoia/te.
Extreme anxiety, accoiupauied with painful con-=
ANGOR
ANIMAL
57
etriction at the epigastrium, and often with palpi-
tation and oppression. It is frequently an unfa-
yorable symptom. See Agony, Orthopnoea.
An'gok Faucium, Isthmitis — a. Pectoris, An-
gina pectoris.
Angos, («yyo?,) Uterus, Vessel.
AiufOHttire Vraie, ('true angustura.') Cus-
paria febrifuga.
AngOUr'iofl, {ayyovpiov, from ayyos, 'a hollow
vessel.') Cucumis sativus.
Angrse'cum Fra'grans. A plant, indigenous
in the Isle of Bourbon and Mauritius, whose
leaves, under the name of fdham, have been used
by the natives as a substitute for Chinese tea,
which it resembles in its effects.
An'gry, see Inflamed.
Angui'num, [anguU, *a snake.') A snake's
egg. Supernatural powers were ascribed to it by
the ancient Britons.
An'guis, Serpent.
An'guish, Angor.
An'gltish, Fe'bkile, An'gnr Fehri'Us. The com-
bination of weariness, pain, anxiety, and weakness
affecting the head and neck, which is so generally
observed at the commencement of fever.
Angulaire, Angular — a. de I'Omoplatef Leva-
tor scapulae.
An'gular, Angula'ris, (from angulus, 'an an-
gle.') (F.) Angtdaire. Relating to an angle.
An'gular Ar'tery and Vein. A name given,
1, to the termination of the facial artery and
vein, because they pass by the greater angle of
the eye; and, 2, to the facial artery and vein
themselves, because they pass under the angle of
the jaw. See Facial.
An'gular Nervk is a filament furnished by the
inferior maxillary, which passes near the greater
angle of the eye.
An'gular Proc"esses of the frontal bone are
seated near the angles of the eyes. See Orbitar.
Angula'ris, Levator scapulae.
AtifftUi-scapiilo-humeralf Teres major.
An'gulus Cos'tae, see Costa — a. Ocularis, Can-
thus — a. Opti'cus, Angle, optic — a. Visorius,
Angle, optic.
Angu'ria, {ayyovpiov, from ayyos, ' a hollow ves-
sel.') Cucurbita citrullus.
An'gus, Angos.
AngUSta'tio, {anguatus, 'narrow,') Arctatio
— a. Cordis, Systole — a. Intestini recti vel Ani,
Stricture of the rectum.
Angus'tia, Anguata'tio, Stenocho' ria. Anxiety,
narrowness, strait, constriction.
Angus'tia Abdomina'lis, Pelvis, (brim) — a.
Periniealis, Pelvis, (outlet.)
Angustu'ra, Cusparia febrifuga — a. False,
Brucia autidysenterica, and Strychnos nux vo-
mica — a. Spuria, Brucia autidysenterica, and
Strychnos nux vomica.
Angusture, Faiisse, Brucia antidysenterica —
o. Fernigineuse, Brucia antidysenterioa — a. Vraie,
Cuspvia febrifuga.
Anf/iifituHne, Brucine.
Anhaemato'sia, («", and hsematosia.) Asphyxia,
inieraia.
Anhaem'atosis, Anaematosis.
Anhae'mia, Anaemia.
Anhaph'ia, Anaphia.
Anhela'tio, {anhelare, anhelnfnm, 'to pant,')
Anke'litus, Ans'miiH, Pant'ing, Gasp'ing, Anhela'-
tion, (Sc.) Hech, Hegh, (Prov.) Ginn, Kdw'ing,
Pech'ing, (F.) Ei^oufflement. Short and rapid
breathing. See Dyspnoea. The term is some-
times employed synonymously with asthma.
Anhel'itus, gen. Atihel'itda, Anhelation,
Breath.
Anhematoaief {an, and ksematoaia.) Anaemia,
A8ph.y.x;ia.
Anhetnie, Anaemia.
Anhist'oiis, {ati, and Jfrroj, 'organic texture,')
' Anorgan'ic, Amor'phm. The tunica decidua uteri
is termed by Velpeau the anhiatoua membrane.
Anhuiba, Laurus sassafras.
AnhydrSB'mia, Ansemyd'ria, {an, hStap, 'water,'
and aifia, ' blood.') A condition of the blood
in which there is a diminished quantity of
serum.
Anhydrisation (F,), {an, and f^wp, 'water.')
A term applied to experiments on the lower ani-
mals, to test the effe-ct of diminishing the pro-
portion of serum in the blood.
Anhydromyeria, (on, d^wp, 'water,' and/iU£>oj,
'marrow.') Deficiency or absence, in the spinal
cavity, of the cephalo-spinal fluid.
Anice'toa, Anice' turn, 3feaia'nitm, {aviKt/mv, from
a«, and vikij, 'victory,' 'invincible.') A plaster
much extolled by the ancients in cases of achores.
It was formed of litharge, cerusse, thus, alum,
turpentine, white pepper, and oil.
Ani'deus, {an, and tiSoi, ' shape,*) Amorphua.
A monster devoid of shape.
Anidro'sis, {avtSpuxrii, from an, t(V»wj, * sweat,'
and osin,) Sudo'ria nul'litas vel priva'tio. Ab-
sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration.
An'il, Indigofera anil.
Anile'ma, gen. Anile'matia, {avtikriixa, from ana,
and £/A£w, 'I twist.') Borborygmus, Tormina.
Anile 'sis, {aveiXriais,) Borborygmus, Tormina.
Anil'ia, Aniline.
An'iline, An'ilin, Anil'ia, Anili'na. An arti-
ficial alkaloid, called after Anil, Indigofera anil,
which furnishes indigo. It is an oily liquid, which
distils over when finely-pulverized indigo is decom-
posed by a concentrated solution of potassa in a
retort. It is also present in coal tar, from which
it is extensively prepared. Nitrobenzole has
been made to yield it by various processes, and
its chief value is due to the beautiful coloring
matters derived from it. Its inhalation by the
workmen has sometimes produced symptoms of
poisoning, such as neuralgia, giddiness, insensi-
bility, <fec., and contact of aniline colors with the
skin is said occasionally to produce a peculiar
eruption. The anlphate of aniline has been pre-
scribed in cases of nervous disorder, as in chorea.
Dose, gr. i.-iij., three times a day, gradually
increased.
Anil'itas,(a?»?/s,* anold woman.') See Dementia.
An'ima, An'imun, Mens, Pay'che, (F.) Avie.
The mind, breath, &c., {avifio^, 'wind or breath.')
The principle of the intellectual and moral rnani-
festations. Also, the principle of life, — the life
of plants being termed An'ima vegetati'vn, (F.)
Ame vegetative ; that of man, An'ima senaiti'va,
(F.) Ame fiensitive.
The Aniraa of Stahl, An'ima Stahlia'na, was u
fancied intelligent principle, which he supposed
to preside over the phenomena of life, — like the
Arckseus of Van Helraont. See Animist.
Under the term Anima Mun'di, the ancient phi.
losophers meant a universal spirit, which they
supposed spread over every part of the universe.
The precise seat of the mind in the brain has
given rise to many speculations. The point is
unsettled.
With the ancient chemists, Anima meant the
active principle of a drug separated by some
chemical management.
An'ima Al'oVIs, Aloes succotorina — a» Articu-
lorum, Hermodactylus — a. Hepatis, Ferri sul-
phas — a. Pulmonum, Crocus — a. Rhei, Infusum
rhei — a. Stahliana, see Anima — a. Vegetativa,
Plastic force. See Anima.
An'imal, Zo'on. A name given to every ani-
mated being. Most animals have the power of
locomotion; some can merely execute partial
movements, such as contraction and dilatation. In
other respects it is often a matter of difiiculty to
determine what is an animal characteristic. The
study of animaJs is called Zool'ogy.
68
ANIMAL
An'imal, Anima'lis, Zoo'des, That which con-
cerns, or belongs to, an animal.
An'imal Heat, Ca'lor anima'lis seu nati'vua,
Cal' iduiH anima'le seu inna'tum, Biolych'nion,
Flam' mula vita'lis, Ther'ma em'phytum, Ther'mum
em'phytuin, Ig'nia anima'lis seu natura'lia seu
vita' lis, (F.) Ghaleur animale, is the caloric con-
stantly formed by the body of a living animal, by
virtue of which it preserves nearly the same tem-
perature, whatever may be that of the medium in
which it is placed. This formation seems to take
place over the whole body, in the production of
carbonic acid, and in other oxidizing processes,
and to be connected with the changes in nutri-
tion.
[A table of the natural temperatures of many
animals — 'that of man being 100° — is contained
in the author's Human Physiology, vol. i., art.
Calorification.]
An'imal Kixg'dom, (F.) R^gne Animal, com-
prises all animated beings.
Ax'nrALi Lay'er, see Tache emhryonnaire — a.
Magnetism, see Magnetism, animal.
Animaroula Seminalia, (pi. of Animnlculum,)
Spermatozoa — a. Spermatica, Spermatozoa.
Animarcule, Animal' culum ; (dim. oi animal.)
A smafl animal. An animal well seen only by
means of the microscope.
Animarcules, Sem'inal, Spermatozoa — a.
Spermatic, Spermatozoa.
Animarculism, Spermatism.
AnimaFculist, An'imalist. One who attempts
to explain different physiological or pathological
phenomena by means of animalcules. One who
believes that the embryo is formed from the so-
called spermatic animalcules — sperm' atist, sem'-
inist. See Seminist.
Aniinal'CUlovisiXl, Anirualculovism'us, {animal-
cnlnm and ovum.) The doctrine, now universal,
which maintains that the new being is formed by
the concourse of the spermatic animalcule or
spermatozoid with the ovum.
Animarculum, Animalcule.
An'imalist, Auimalculist.
Animal'ity, Animal'it<is, Zo'iam'ua, (F.) Ani-
malitS. The aggregate of qualities which distin-
guish that which is animated. That which con-
stitutes the animal.
Animaliza'tion, Auimaliza'tio. The transfor-
mation of the nutritive parts of food into the
living substance of the body to be nourished.
Assimilation.
An'imate, Anima're. To give life to. The
French use it in the sense of, — to excite or render
active; as, animer un veaieatoire : to excite a blis-
ter to suppurate.
Anima'tio, Animation — a. Foetfls, see Quick-
ening.
Anima'tion, Anima'tin, Zoo'sis. The act of
animating. Thj;! state of being enlivened.
ANnfA'Tiox, Suspknd'ed, Asphyxia.
An'imfi, Gum an'ime, Aminie'a, Gum' mi an'ime,
Cait'citmum, Can'camy. A resin obtained from
the trunk of Hymeiite'a cour'baril. Ord. Fa-
baceae. It has been given as a cephalic and
uterine, but is not used. The plant is al^^io called
Cour'baril.
Anime (F.), (from animare, * to animate.') An
epithet applied to the countenance, when florid,
in health or disease,
Animel'lae, Parotid.
Au'imi Agitatio, Agitation — a. Casus subi-
tus, ('sudden loss of mind,') Syncojic — a. De-
liquium, Syncope — a. Pathemata, Passions.
Au'imism, see Animist.
Aa'iniist. One who, following the example of
Stahl, refers all the phenomena of the animal
economy to the soul, Au'imism,
The anima or soul, according to Stahl, is the
immediate and intulligeut agent of every move-
ANKYLOGLOSSIA
ment, and of every material change in the body.
Stahl therefore concluded that disease is nothing
more than a disturbance or disorder in the econ-
omy, or an effort by which the soul, attentive to
every morbific cause, endeavors to expel what-
ever may be deranging the habitual order of
health.
An'imus, Anima, Breath.
Aniridia, {an, and ipis, gen. ipihos, 'the iris.')
Absence of the iris.
^n-i*, Pimpinellaanisum — a. Aigre, Cuminum
cyminum — a. de la Chine, Illicium anisatum —
a. Doux, Anethum — a. iJtoile, Illicium anisatum.
Anisa'tum, (from Anisum.) A sort of medi-
cated wine, formerly prepared with honey, wine
of Ascalon, and aniseed.
Auiscalp'tor, gen. Auiscalpto'ris, (anus, and
scalpere, ' to scratch.') Latissimus dorsi.
Anischu'ria, (an, and ischuria, * suppression
of urine.') Enuresis.
An'ise, Pimpinella anisum — a. Star, Illicium
anisatum, I. Floridanum — a. Tree of Florida,
Illicium Floridanum — a. Tree, yellow-flowered,
Illicium anisatum — a. Water, see Pimpinella
anisum.
Aniseed, see Pimpinella anisum.
Ani'si Sem'ina, see Pimpinella anisum.
Aniso'dus Lu'ridus, {amaoi, 'unequal,* and
oSovi, ' a tooth,' from the unequal divisions of the
calyx,) Nican'dra anom'a/a, Phy'salis stramo'-
nium, Whitle'ya stramo'nifu'lia. A plant of Ne-
pal, possessed of narcotic properties, and resem-
bling belladonna and tobacco. It dilates the
pupil, and is used in diseases of the eye like bel-
ladonna. It is given in alcoholic tincture (dried
leaves ^j. to akohol f ^^viij.). Dose, 20 drops in-
ternally in the 24 hours.
Anisophyl'lum Ipecacuan'ha, (aviaoi, ' une-
qual,' and ^uXAw, ' a leaf.') Euphorbia Ipecacu-
anha.
Anisos'thenes, Insequa' U rob' ore pol' lens. Thai
which is unequal in strength, (ai/taoj, ' unequal,'
and a^evos, 'strength.') An epithet applied par-
ticularly to the muscular contractility which, in
the sick, is sometimes augmented in certain mus-
cles only, — in the flexors, for example.
Anisot'achys, (anaus, 'unequal,' and raxvs,
'quick.') An epithet for the pulse, when quick
and unequal.
Ani'sum, (avimv,) Pimpinella anisum — a. Af-
ricanum frutescens, Bubon galbauum — a. Fru-
ticosum galbaniferum, Bubon galbanum — a. Offi-
cinale, Pimpinella anisum — a. Sinense, Illicium
anisatum — a. Stellatum, Illicium anisatum — a.
Vulgare, Pimpinella anisum.
Aniter'SOr, (anus, and tergere, teraum, ' to
wipe,') Latissimus dorsi,
An'kle, Astragalus, Malleolus.
An'kley, Malleolus.
An'kus, Ancus.
An'kylo, see Ancylo.
An'kylobleph'aron, Ancylobleph' aron, Palpe-
bra' rum co((l'itns, (ankylu, and ^Xnpapov, 'eyelid,')
A preternatural union between the free edges of
the eyelids. Likewise called Symbleph'aron, Sym-
blepharu' sis, and Pros'physis.
Also, union between the eyelids and the globe
of the eye.
Ankylocheiria, Amyloehei'lia, (F.) Anhyln.
ehilie, (<tnkylo, and Xti\oi, 'lip.') Accidental
union of the lips.
AuhfjlorJiilie, Ankylocheilia.
Ankylocolp'us, (ankylo, and Ko>^m)i, 'the va-
gina.') Colpatrcsia.
Ankyloo'or6, (ankylo, and Koprj, ' the pupiL')
Coreclysis.
Ankylodon'tia, (ankylo, and oBovs, gen. o^ovto?,
' a tooth.') An irregular position of the teeth in
the jaws.
Ankyloglos'sia, Ancyloglos'sia, Concre'tio lin'»
ANKYLOGLOSSOTOMUM
fim, (ankylo, and yXwero-a, *the tongue,') (F.)
Sonbrelanyne. Impeded motion of the tongue in
consequence of adliesion between its margins and
the gums, or in consequence of the shortness of
the fraenum : the latter affection constituting
Tongue-tie, Lingua Fricnata, Olopho'nia lin'grise
frsena'ta. It merely requires the fraenum to be
divided with a pair of scissors.
Ankyloglossot'omuin,(^l»7r^Zo(7/o«'s('a, 'tongue-
tie,' and Toyiri, '■ incision.') An instrument used in
the operation for tongue-tie.
AukylOI]ie'le« Ancylome'le, (ankylo, and fiv^n,
■^a probe.') A cui'ved probe.
Ankylomerism'us, Ancylomeriam'ua, {ankylo,
and /itpoj, '■ a part.') Morbid adhesion between
parts.
An'kylops, {<iyxi-y ' near/ and u)xp, * the eye.')
.Sgilops.
Ankylorrhin'ia, (Ancylorrhin'ia, (ankylo, and
^iv, * the nose.') Morbid union of the parietes of
the nose.
An'kylosed, see Ankylosis.
Ankylo'sis, Ancylo'sia, Anchylo' 818, An'cyle,
Stiff Joint, (ankylo and o«t».) An affection, in
which there is great difficulty or even impossi-
bility of moving a diarthrodial articulation. It
is so called, because the limb commonly remains
in a constant state of flexion, and a joint thus
effected is said to be an'kylosed. Ankylosis is
said to be complete or true, when there is an inti-
mate adhesion between the synovial surfaces,
with union of the articular extremities of the
bones. In the incomplete or false anchylosis,
there is obscure motion, but the fibrous parts
around the joint are more or less stiff and thick-
ened. In the treatment of this last state, the
joint must be gently and gradually exercised ;
and oily, relaxing applications be assiduously
employed.
Ankylo'sis, Bar'ton's Opera'tion for, see Bar-
ton — a. Spuria, Rigiditas articulorum.
Ankylo'tia, Ancylo'tia, (ankylo, and ovg, gen.
wroj, ' the ear.') Morbid union of the parietes of
the ear.
Aukylot'omus, Ancylot' omus, (ankylo, and
TOfDj, ' incision.') Any kind of curved knife. An
instrument for dividing the frienum lingua.
A:nneau, (annulua, 'a. ring,') Ring — a. Crural,
Crural canal — a. Diaphragmatique, Diaphrag-
matic ring — a. Femoral, Crural canal — a. Her-
pStique, see Herpes — a. Inguinal, Inguinal ring
— a. Ombilical, Umbilical ring.
Annexe, Accessory, Appendix.
An'ni Crit'ici, Climacterici (anni) — a. Decre-
torii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Fatales, Climac-
terici (anni) — a. Genethliaci, Climacterici (anni)
— a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Hebdoma-
dici, Climacterici (anni) — a. Heroici, Climacterici
(anni) — a. Natalitii, Climacterici ( anni) — a. Sca-
lares, Climacterici (anni) — a. Scansiles, Climac-
terici (anni).
Annihila'tion, Amrihila'tio, (ad, and nihil,
* nothing,') Anuantisdement.
Annota'tio, Epiijna'aia. Under this term some
have included the preludes to an attack of inter-
mittent fever — as yawning, stretching, somno-.
lency, chilliness, <fec.
Annot'to, see Terra Orleana.
An'nual Diseases, Mor'bi an'nui, 31. anniver-
ta'rii, (F.) Maladicn annuellen. A name given,
by some, to diseases which recur every year about
the same period. Fe'bria an'nua, (F.) Fi^vre an-
nuelle, is a term used for a fancied intermittent
of this type.
An'nuens, Rectus capitis intemus minor.
Annuifio, Nod' ding, (from an, and nutus, 'a
nod.') A gesture, denoting assent in most coun-
tries. Also, the state of somnolency, when the
individual is in the erect or sitting posture, with
the head unsupported, in which the power of
ANNULI
59
volition over the extensor muscles of the head is
lost, and the head drops forward.
An'nular, Annula' ria, Anula' ria, CricoVdea, (F.)
Annidaire, {annulua, *a ring.') Any thing re-
lating to a ring, or which has the shape or fulfila
the functions of a ring.
An'nular Finc'er, Bing Finger, Ringman,
Dig"itua annula'ria seu cordis, Param'eaoa. The
fourth finger, so called from the wedding ring
being worn thereon. See Digitus. Of old, it was
believed that there is a vein of direct communi-
cation between the ring finger and the heart.
According to some of the missals, the ring must
remain on this finger, ' quia in illo digito eat qusR-
dam vena procedena vsque ad cor.'
An'nular Gan'glion, see Ciliary ligament.
An'nular Lig'ament, Trana'verae lig'ament,
Cru'cial ligament. A strong ligamentous band,
which arches across the area of the ring of the
atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the inner surface
of one articular process to a similar tubercle on
the other. It serves to retain the odontoid pro-
cess of the axis in connection with the anterior
arch of the atlas.
An'nular Lig'ament op the Ra'dius, is a very
strong fibro-cartilaginous band, which forms,
with the lesser sigmoid cavity of the cubitus, a
kind of ring, in which the head of the radius
turns with facility.
An'nular Lig'aments op the Car'pus, Lig-
amen'ta annula'ria seu vagina' lia, Armil' Ise ma' nua
membrano'ase, are two in number.
The one, ante'rior, is a broad, fibrous quadrilat-
eral band, extending transversely before the car-
pus, and forming the gutter, made by the wrist,
into a canal. It is attached, externally, to the
trapezium and scaphoides ; and internally to the
OS pisiforme and process of the unciforme. It
keeps the tendons of the flexor muscles, median
nerve, <tc., applied against the carpus.
The posterior ligament is situate transversely
behind the joint of the hand, and covers the
sheaths of the tendons which pass to the back
of the hand. Its fibres are white and shining,
and are attached, externally, to the inferior and
outer part of the radius^ internally, to the ulna
and OS pisiforme.
An'nular Lig'aments op the Tar'sus are two
in number. The ante'rior is quadrilateral, and
extends transversely above the instep. It is at-
tached to the superior de})re8sion of the os calcis,
and to the malleolus internus. It embraces the
tendons of the extensor muscles of the toes, the
tibialis anticna a,ud peroneus anticita. The inter'nal
is broader than the last. It descends from the
malleolus internus to the posterior and inner part
of the OS calcis, with which it forms a kind of
canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of
the tibialis posticuft, Jle-ror longus digitorum pedity
andy. longiia pollicis pedis, as well as the plantar
vessels and nerves.
An'nular Mis'cle op MUl'ler. A name
given to the bundles of circular fibres on the an-
terior side, and anterior and internal angles of
the ciliary muscle.
An'nular Vein, Vena annula'ria, is situate be-
tween the annular linger and the little finger.
Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases of
the spleen.
Annula'ris, Cricoid; see Digitus — a. Ani,
Sphincter ani.
An'nuli Cartilagin'ei. see Trachea — a. Car-
tilaginosi Tracheto, see Trachea.
An'nuli Fibhocartilagin'ei, Fibrocartilag"i-
noua or featoon'ed rings. Tough tendinous tracts
in the heart, two of which, anterior, are situato
on the light and left of the aortal opening ; and
one posterior, which runs backwards from the
aorta ii> the border of the auriculoventricular
septum, where it splits into two slender crura.
60
ANNULI
ANOSPHRESIA
Annuli - tendino - phalangiens, Lumbricales
mantis.
An'nalus, see Daetylius, Vulva — a. Abdomi-
nalis exterior, Inguinal ring — a. Abdominalis
interior, see Inguinal canal — a. Abdominis, In-
guinal ring — a. Albidus, see Ciliary ligament —
a. Cellulosus, Ciliary ligament — a. Ciliaris, Cil-
iary ligament — ^ a. Fossa) ovalis, see Ovalis fossa.
An'nulus Conjuncti'v^, Lim'bns conjunctivas.
A slight circular swelling, formed by the sclerotic
conjunctiva at the edge of the cornea, espe-
cially in old people, which extends for a little
way over the cornea, particularly at its upper
margin.
An'nulus Gangliform'is, see Ciliary ligament
— a. Repens, Herpes circinatus — a. Umbilicalis,
Umbilical ring — a. Ventriculi, Pylorus — a. Vi-
eussenii, see Ovalis fossa.
A'no, (avio.) A prefix denoting ' above, up.'
A.UO- caver neuiK, {(dius, and cavernous [bodies].)
Accelerator urinae.
A'nocaverno'sus, Accelerator urinae.
AnOCh.eil'on, Anochi'lns, (ano, and \:£(Xof, 'lip.')
The upper lip. Also, one who has a large upper
lip-
AlIOClieilos'ch.esis, (anocheilon, *the upper
lip,' and crxims, ' a cleaving.') Fissure of the upper
lip, as in hare-lip.
Anochi'lus, Anocheilon.
Anocoe'lia, {una, and KoiXia, * belly.') Stomach.
Anocoeliadelpli'us, Coeliadelphus.
Ano'dia, {an, and w^jj, 'song.') An uncon-
nected or dissonant mode of speech.
Anod'ic, Anod'icus, {ano, and hioi, 'a way.*)
Tending upwards. An epithet applied by Dr.
Marshall Hall to an ascending course of nervous
action.
A-Hoditif Anodyne.
Anodin'ia, {an, and uSiv, ' a labor pain.') Ab-
sence of labor pains.
Anod'mia, {an, and o6(ir), 'smell.') Anosmia.
Anodoa'tia, (F.) Anodoutie, {an, and oSovg,
gen. oSovTos, ' a tooth.') A"bsence of teeth.
An'odus, Edentulus.
An'odyne, {avwiwos,) Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus,
Antid'ynona (improperly), Paregor'icn», Anet'icus,
Antal'gicua, Aces' odyne, Acesod'ynus, (F.) Anodin
ou Anodyn, (an, and oSwtj, 'pain.') Anodynes are
those medicines which relieve pain, or cause it to
cease ; as opium, belladonna, <fec. They act by
blunting the sensibility of the encephalon, so that
it does not appreciate the morbid sensation.
An'odyne, Hoff'mann's, Spiritus aetheris sul-
phurici compositus.
Anodyn'ia, {avu)5vvia,) Tndolen'tia. Cessation
or absence of pain. Vogel has given this name
to a genus of diseases, chai-acterized by a cessa-
tion of pain and the exasperation of other symp-
toms ; as we see in gangrene.
Anod'ynuni Minerals, Potassae nitras sulpha-
tis paucillo mixtus.
Anoe'a, Anoi'a, {avoia, from a, andi^ooj, * mind.')
Delirium, imbecility. See Dementia and IdiotisMn.
Anoe'sia, {avoriaia,) Dementia — a. Adstricta,
Melancholy.
Anoi'a, {avoia,) Anoea.
Amnnnl, Anomalous.
Anoma'lia, {an, and ofta^o^, * regular,') Ab-
nonu'ity, Ahnonn'itas, Alieiia'tio, (F.) Anomalie.
Anomaly, irregularity. In Pathology, anomaly
means something unusual in the 8ym|)toms proper
to a disease, or in the morbid appearances pre-
sented by it.
Anoma'lia Nkhvo'rum, Nervous diathesis.
AtuniuUle.f Anomaly — «. pur Cloisonnenient,
see Cloisonnement.
Anom'alis, Anomalous.
At*^}nuilotrophieM, {an, o/taXos, 'regular,' and
rpo\ptj, ' uourishnienf.') A class of diseases, which
consist in modiiicutions of the nutrition of organs.
Anom'aloilS, Anom'alus, Anom'alis ; same etj
mon as Anomalia. Irregular ; contrary to rule.
(F.) Anomal. In Medicine, a disease is called
anomalous in whose symptoms or progress there
is something unusual. Affections are also called
anomalous, which cannot be referred to any
known species. See Irregular,
Anom'matus, {an, and onna, *eye.') Anoph*
thalmus.
Anomoceph'alus, (a, ro/io?, ' rule,' and w^aXij,
'head.') One whose head is deformed.
Anomosjilenotojrie, {a, voyai, ' rule,' GirXvyV,
'spleen,' and ro-noq, 'place.') Splenectopia.
Anomotopie, {a, pofjiog, ' rule,' and ron-of, ' place.')
Ectopia.
Anom'phalus, (an, and o/^^aAoj, ' the navel.')
One devoid of navel. Many writers have en-
deavored to show that Adam and Eve musi have
been av^nipaXoi, as they could not have had um-
bilical vessels.
Ano'na Tripet'ala. A tree of the family Ano-
neas or Anonaeea3j Sex. Syst. Polyandria Poly-
gynia; from fifteen to twenty feet high, native of
South America, which bears a delicious fruit
called Chirimoya. Both the fruit and flowers
emit a fine fragrance, which, when the tree is cov-
ered with blossoms, is almost overpowering.
Ano'na Tri'loba, see Carica papaya.
Ano'nis, (avmvii,) Ononis.
Anonych'ia, (an, and ovof gen. oi'vxoi, ' a nail.*)
Want of nails, — a rare congenital defect.
Anonyme, Anonymous, see Innominatum.
Anon'ymous, Anony'mus, Innomiiia'tus, (F.)
Anonyme, (an, and ovoyta, 'name.') That which
has no name.
The word has been applied to many parts of
the body : — to the Anonymous hone or Os innomi-
natum; — the Anonymous foramen, or Foramen
innominatum, &c.
AnophtharmnS, AnophtJial'mos, Anom'matus,
(an, and o^daXfjtos, ' an eye.') One who is devoid
of eyes. The condition is Anophthal'mia.
Anop'ia, (an, and oi/^ij, * vision.') A case of
monstrosity in which the eye and orbit are want-
ing; also, Caecitas.
An^ptic<yneirvief Amaurosis.
Anor'chi, (avoy')(^oi,) Anorchides.
Anor'chides, pi. of Anor'chis, Anor'chi, (from
an, and ofiii, gen. op')^^ihos, ' a testicle.') They who
are without testicles. The condition is called
Anor'chism, Anarchism' us.
Anor'chism, see Anorchides — a. Unilateral,'
Monorchia.
Anorex'ia, (an, and opt^ii, 'appetite,') Inappe-
teu'tia, Limo'sis ex'pers, (F.) Perte d'appetit. Ab-
sence of appetite, without loathing. Anorexia or
want of appetite is symptomatic of most diseases.
Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia.
Anorex'ia Exuausto'rum, Frigidity of the
stomach — a. Mirabilis. Fasting.
Anorgan'ic, see Anhistous and Inorganic.
Anorm'al, Abnormous.
Anorthop'ia, («", opSo^, * upright.' and oipts,
'vision.') Vision in which persons are unable to
judge when objects are not parallel or not sym-
metrical.
Anortho'sis, Can, and op^of, 'upright.') Erection.
Anos'ia, {avojia, trom a, and poaos, 'disease.')
Health. Freedom from disease.
Anos'mia, (an, and oann, 'odor.') Loss of
smell. Called, also, Anosphre'sia, AnoKphra'siay
Paros'mia, Anod'mia, Anosino'aia, Olfact'tia amis'-
sio, Ol/acf'us defic"iens, Dysifsthe'sia ol/acto'riaf
AnivHthe'sia olfacio'ria, Odora'tus dcperd'itus seu
perver'tnSf (F.) Perfe rf« VOdorat.
Anosmo'sia, Anosmia.
Anosphra'sia, (an, and oa^paata, 'smell.') An-
osmia.
Anosphre'sia, (an, and oa<Pfj^(Tii, 'smell.') An-
osmia.
ANOTUS
ANTH^MOPTYICUS 61
Ano'tns, (an, and ovg, gen. wroj, 'the ear.') A
aaonster having no ears.
Anoxemie, {(tn, ox for 'oxygen/ and iifia,
* blood.'} Asphyxia.
An'sa, Anse — a. Capitis, Zygomatic process
— a. Intestinalis, Anse (mtestinale) — a. Peduncu-
laris, Substantia innominata.
An'sae Vieussen'ii. One or two nervous
branches, which frequently pass from the lower
cervical ganglion of the great sympathetic to
the first dorsal ganglion, in front of the subcla-
vian artery, forming loops round the vessel,
which are called after Vieussens, and supplying
it with small offsets.
AtKse (F.j, Ansa (L.), signifies, properly, the
handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched
form. By analogy, it has been applied to that
which is curved in the form of such handle. Thus,
the French speak of Anse infestimde — Ansa seu
Gyrus intestina' lis — to signify a loop or portion
of intestine, supported by its mesentery, and de-
scribing a curved line : — also, of Anse nerveuse,
Anse anastomotique, &o.
Anse (le fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a
thread, curved in the form of an Anse.
An^e 'le la Tete, Zygomatic process.
Anseri'na, {anser, ' a goose,') Potentilla anse-
rina.
Anserine, Chenopodium ambrosioides — a.
Anthefmintique, Chenopodium anthelminticum —
o. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus — a.
Botrys, Chenopodium botrys — a. FHide, Cheno-
podium vulvaria — a. Vermifage, Chenopodium
anthelminticum.
Antao"ids, Antidcids, Antinc'Hda, Inverten'-
tin, {anti, and acida.) Remedies which obviate
acidity of the stomach. They are chemical agents,
and act by neutralizing the acid. Those chiefly
used are ammonia, calcis carbonas, calx, magne-
sia, magnesiae carbonas, potassa, potassae bicar-
bonas, potassae carbonas, sodae bicarbonas, and
sodte carbonas. They are, of course, only pallia-
tives, removing that which exists, not preventing
the formation of more.
Antag'ouism, Antagonism' us, Antis' tasia, {anti,
and ayu)j/£^ojua(, ' to strive.') Action in an oppo-
site direction. It applies to the action of muscles
that act in a contrary direction to others. In
estimating the force of muscles, this antagonism
must be attended to.
There is, likewise, an antagonism between the
action of different remedial agents : — for exam-
pl«, opium contracts the pupil, while belladonna
dilates it. They are, therefore, in their effects
ant'xgonintic. Atropia and calabar beau, morphia
and hydrocyanic acid, are also described as antag-
onistic.
Ant?.g'0Ili8t, Antaqonis' ta. A muscle whose
action produces an effect contrary to that of an-
other muscle. Every muscle has its antagonist,
because there is no motion in one direction with-
out a capability of it in another.
Aiitalff"icus, (anti, and aAyoj, 'pain.') Anodyne.
Antaphrodis'iac, Antaphrodit'ic, Antaphrodi'-
tiacu-s, Anaphrodisi' ncns, Anaphrodis'iac, Ante'-
roticHS, {anti, and cuppoSiffiaKOs, ' aphrodisiac.') A
substance capable of blunting the venereal appe-
tite.
Antaphrodit'ic, Antaphrodisiac.
Antapod'OSis, {avranoSoais, from avTomSiiiajU, 'I
r«turn in exchange.') The succession and return
of the febrile periods.
Antapoplec'ticus, Antiapoplectic.
Antarthrit'ic, Antiarthritic.
Antasthen'icus, {anti, and aa^ema, 'debility.')
Tonic.
Antasthmat'icus, Antiasthmatic.
Autatroph'io, Antatroph'icus, Antat' rophus,
Antixtroph'icHS, {anti, and arpocpia, 'atrophy.') A
remedy opposed to atrophy or consumption.
prefi.^
An'te (L.), * before,' (F.) Avant, as
* before,' * fore.'
Antebrachial, Antibrachial.
Anteceden'tia, {ante, and cedo, ' I go.') The
precursory or warning symptoms of a disease.
Anteflex'io XJ'teri, {ante, and Jlectere, ' to
bend.') See Anteversion.
Antela'bia, Frochei'la, {ante, 'before,' and la-
bia, 'the lips.') The extremity of the lips. See
Antilabia and Procheilon.
An'telope, Antilopus.
Antemballom'enum, {avnit^aWontvov, from av-
T£fi0a\\u), ' I substitute.') Succedaneum.
Antem'basis, {avTtfi^aan, from anti, and ttx(3aivui,
' I enter,') Mu'tuua ingres'sus. The mutual re-
ception of bones.
Antemet'ic, Antiemetic.
Antendeix'is, {anti, and evSet^ig, 'indication,')
Counterindioation.
Antendix'is, Counterindication.
Anteneasm'us, {anti, and mvu), ' I extend or
stretch.') One furious against himself. Mania,
in which the patient attempts his own life.
Antenna'ria Dioi'ca, Gnapha'Uum Dioi'cum,
Hispid'ula, Pea ca'ti, EH'chrysum moiita'num,
Dioe'cious Everlast' ing, Cats' foot, (F.) Pied de chat.
Order, Compositae. A common European plant,
which has been advised in hemorrhage, diar-
rhoea, etc.
Antenna'ria Margabita'cea, Gnaphalium
margaritaceum.
Antenna'ria Plantaginifo'lia, Gnapha'linm
plantaginifo' Hum seu planfagin'eum seu dioicum
— variety plantaginifolium, Plan' tain Life everlast-
ing. Cud' weed, indigenous, has similar properties.
An'te par'tum, ' before delivery,' as ' ante
2^arfnm hemorrhage.'
Antephial'tic, Antiephialtic.
Antepilep'tic, Antiepileptic.
Antepo'nens, {ante, and ponere, 'to place.')
Anticipating.
Antereis'is, {avrepuaii, from anti, and epciSu),
' I support.') The resistance, the solidity, of
bones.
Anterieur, Anterior — a. dn Marteau, Laxator
tympani — a. de V Oreille, Anterior auris.
Ante'rior, Anti'cns, {F.) Anterieur, {ante, 'he-
fore.') Situate before. Great confusion has pre-
vailed with anatomists in the use of the terms
before, behind, &G. Generally, the word anterior
is applied to parts situate before the median line,
the body being in the erect posture, with the face
and palms of the hands turned forwards, and the
feet applied longitudinally together.
Ante'rior Aur'is (Ji/uscle), Auricula'ris ante'-
rior, At'trahens auric'ulam, (F.) Auriculaire ant€-
rieur, Antirieur de Voreille, Zygoniato-oriculaire,
Z. auriculaire. A small muscle, passing from th*^
posterior part of the zygoma to the helix. Use, to
draw the ear forwards and upwards.
Ante'rior Mal'lei, Laxator tympani.
Anterot'icus, {anti, and spws, gen. epuins, ' love.')
Antaphrodisiac.
Anteuphorb'ium, Cacalia anteuphorbium.
Antever'sion, Antever'sio, Antrover'sio, {ant«,
and vertere, versiiin, ' to turn.') Displacement of
the uterus, in which the fundus is turned towards
the pubes, while its orifice is towards the sacrum.
It may be caused by extraordinary size of the
pelvis, pressure of the viscera on the uterus, Ac,
and is recognized by examination per vaginam.
A simple forward inclination of the body of the
uterus, without the os uteri being carried much
backwards, is termed Ante flex' ion of the u'terus,
Anteflex'io n'teri. Not unt'requently, however, it
is used synonymously with Pi,etroversion of the
Uterus, See Retroversio uteri,
AntheemO'ptY'ioViB, Antihseniopty'icus, {anti, and
hmmiiptysis.) Against spitting of blood. A remedy
for spitting of blood — antihsemoptyicum{remedium).
62 ANTH^MORRHAGICUS
ANTHRAX
Anth8emorrhag"icus, Antihemorrhagic.
Anthec'ticus, Antihectic.
Anthelit'ragus, (F.) AntMUtragien. One of
the proper muscles of the pavilion of the ear.
Aat'heliz, gen. Anthel'icis, Antl'helix, {anti,
and Aif, ' the helix.') An eminence on the carti-
lage of the ear, in front of the helix, and extend-
ing from the concha to the groove of the helix,
where it bifurcates.
AQthelmill'tiC, Anthelmin'ticus, Antiscol'ictia,
Aiitkelniin' thicuH, Ant iscolet' tens, Helniin'thicus,
Heltninthago'gus, Antivermino'aus, Vermif'ugua,
Ver'mi/uge, (anti, and {Xfiivs, i^ixivSoi, ' a worm.')
A remedy which destroys or expels worms, or pre-
vents their formation and development. Anthel-
minthics may be divided into the mechanical and
the true. To the former belong emetics, cathartics,
mucuna, pulvis stanni, &c. To the latter, oleum
terebiathinao, chenopodium anthelminticum, spi-
gelia, filix mas, radix granati, Brayera anthelmin-
tica, &c. The great object, however, is to prevent
the generation of the worms. This must be done
by generous diet, fresh air, tonics, and everything
that is calculated to invigorate the system. See
Worms, and Parasites.
Anthe'iua Erup'tio, gen. Anthe'matisy Exan-
them.
Anthem'idis Flores. See Anthemis nobilis.
An'themis, gen. Anthem' idis, Anthemis nobilis.
An'themis Cot'ula, (avdew, 'I flower,') A.
fce'tida seu Novehoracen' sis, Cot'ula, C. foe'tida,
Go'ta, Cynan'themis, Chamseme'lnm foe'tidum,
GhamomW la spu'ria seu /oi'tida, Maru'ta cot'ula,
May'JloiDer, May' weed, Stink'ing Cham' omile, Wild
Gham'omile, Dog's fen' nel, Dil'ly, Dil'iceed, Field-
weed, Piss' weed, (F.) Maroute, Camomille fetide,
Camomille ptiante. Ord. Compositae Corymbiferae.
Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Superflua.
This plant, Cot'ula (Ph. U. S.), has a very dis-
agreeable smell, and the leaves have a strong,
acrid, bitterish taste. It is reputed to have been
useful in hysterical affections.
An'themis Fcet'ida, A. cotula.
An'themis No'bilis, An'themis, A. odora'ta,
Chamseme'lnm, Ck. no' bile seu odora'tum, Cha-
momil'la Roma'na, Euan' themon, Leucan' themum,
Gham'omile, (F.) Camomille liomaine. The leaves
and flowers, — An'themis, Ph. U. S., Anthem' idis
Flo'res, Ph. B., — have a strong smell, and bit-
ter, nauseous taste. The flowers are chiefly used.
They possess tonic and stomachic properties, and
are much given as a pleasant and cheap bitter.
A simple infusion is taken to produce, or to assist,
vomiting. Externally, they are often used in
fomentations.
The O'leum Am <A.em'tc?i» possesses the aromatic,
but not the bitter and tonic properties of the
plant. Consequently, the ' Chamomile Drops,' as
Bold by the druggists, must be devoid of the latter
qualities. They are made by adding 01. anthem,
f^j. to Sp. vini rectif. Oj.
An'themis Novbboracenc"is, A. cotula — a.
Odorata, A. cotula.
An'themis Pyk'ethrdm, Pyr'ethrum, P. ve'rum,
Anacyc'lua pyrethrum, Buphthal' mum Gre'ticum,
Denta'ria, Her'ba saliva'ris, Pes Alexandri'nus,
Span'ish Gham'omile, Pel'litory of Spain, (F.) Py-
rhthre, Racine salivaire, Salivaire, Pied d' Alex-
andre. The root, Pyr'ethrum (Ph. U. S.), is hot
and acrid, its acrimony residing in a resinous
principle. It is never used except as a mastica-
tory in toothache, rheumatism of the face, paral-
ysis of the tongue, «tc. It acts as a powerful
sialogogue.
The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said
to be derived from Anacyc'lua officina'rum ; a
plant cultivated in Thuriugia for medicinal pur-
poses.
The flowers of Pyr'ethrum car'ueum and P.
ro'acumf whioh grow on the Caucasian mountain,
form the Caucasian or Persian Insect powder^
Guerila, which is fatal to insects that infest the
body of man and animals, bedding and sleeping
apartments, first stupefying and then killing them.
An'themis Tincto'hia, Buphthal'mi Her'ha,
Dy'er's Gham'omile, {F.)Camomille des Teinturiers,
(Eil de Ba^uf, a European plant, has a bitter and
astringent taste, and has been regarded as sto-
machic and vulnerary.
An'themis Vulga'uis, Matricaria chamomilla.
Anthe'ra, {avdi^poq, 'flourishing,' from its
'florid' color.) A remedy compounded of sev-
eral substances — myrrh, sandarac, alum, eafiron,
&c. It was used under the form of liniment, col-
lyrium, electuary, and powder.
Anthe'reon, (same etymon, because the beard
flourishes on the chin,?) Mentum.
Anthomy'ia Canicula'ris. See Parasites.
An'thora, Aconitum anthora — a. Vulgaris,
Aconitum anthora.
Anth.oris'ma, gen. Anthorism'atis, {anti, and
hpiaiia, 'boundary,') Tu'mor diffu'sus. A tumor
without any defined margin.
An'thos, {av^oi, ' a flower,') see Rosmarinus
— a. Sylvestris, Ledum sylvestre.
Anthra'cia, [av^pa^, gen. avQpaKo<;, ' cosA,') Car-
hnn'cxdar Exan'them. An eruption of tumors,
imperfectly suppurating, with indurated edges,
and, for the most part, a sordid and sanious core.
A genus in the order Exanthematica, clsiss Hsema-
tica of Good, and including Plague and Yaws.
Anthra'cia, Anthracosis — a. Pestis, Plague
— a. Rubula, Fraraboesia.
Anthra'cion, see Anthrax.
An'thracoid, Anthracol' des, (av&pa^, gen. avdpa-
KOff, 'coal,' and eidos, 'resemblance,') (F.) Gharbon-
netix. As black as coal. Accompanied by, or
resembling, anthrax.
Anthraco'ma, Anthrax.
Anthraconecro'sis, {vcKpos, ' death,') see Spha-
celus.
Anthracophlyct'is, (2}hlycti8, * -phlyctseina.,') see
Anthrax.
Anthraco'sia, Anthrax.
AnthraCO'sis, Anthrako'sis, Anthra'cia, Car'ho
Palpebra'rum, (from anthrax, and osis.) A species
of carbuncle, which attacks the eyelids and globe
of the eye. Also, a carbuncle of any kind. It
has been used for the " black lung of coal miners,"
which is induced by carbonaceous accumulation
in the lungs; Pseu'domelanot'ic formation of
Carswell, Mati^re noir des Poumons, Gharbon
pulmonaire. When ulceration results from thi»
cause. Black Phthisis, Coal ^liner's Phthisis, (F.)
Phthisie avec MSlanose, exists. See Melanosis.
Anthraco'sis Pulmo'num, see Melanosis.
An'thraCOty'phuS, {anthrax, and typhus,)
Plague.
Anthrakok'ali, Lithanthrakok'ali, {avdpa^, gen.
avdpaKos, 'coal,' and kali, 'potassa.') An article
introduced as a remedy in cutaneous diseases,
formed by dissolving carbonate of potassa in
boiling water, and adding slacked lime; the fil-
tered liquor is then evaporated, and levigated
coal added, and the mixture stirred until a black
homogeneous powder results. A sulphuretted
anthrakokali is made by mixing accurately 16
grammes of sulphur with the coal, and dissolving
the mixture in the potassa, as directed above.
The dose of either preparation is about two
grains three times a day.
Anthrako'sis, Anthracosis.
An'thrax, gen. An'thracis, {avdpa^, gex\. oi^paKOi^
*a coal,') ^»'^raa;, Car'bo, Rubi'niis ve'rus, Code-
sel'la, Erythe'ma gangrfcno' sum,Grantris' tum , Pni'-
na,Py'ra,Oranatris'tum,Phy'ma An'thrax, Erytht'-
ma an'thrax, Carbun' cuius, Anthraco'sia, Anthra-
co'ma, Abscea'sus gangrsenes' cena seu gangrn'no'sus,
Furun' cnlua malig'nus, F. gangrveno'sus, Car'bunclc,
(F.) Charbon. An inflammation, essentially gan-
ANTHRAX
ANTIBROMIO
63
grenous, of the cellular membrane and skin,
whiok may arise from an internal or external
cause. The definition by Dr. Good is suflBciently
distinctive. Tumor, common to the surface,- flat;
firm; burning; penetrant; livid and vesicular;
or crusty above, with a sordid and gangrenous
core below; imperfectly suppurative. It some-
times prevails epidemically ; is often owing to a
peculiar cachectic condition, and may be induced
by the reception of an animal infection into the
organism; when it has received the names ^?i-
thraxmalig'nus, Gacan'thrax, Anthra' cion, Vesic'-
ula gangrsenes'ceiia, Anthracophlyc'tis, Pas'tulu
mdlig'na, Maligwint Vesicle, (F.) Pustule maligne,
Buiiton malin, SiDig-de-rate, and is characterized
at the outset l3y a vesication or bleb filled with a
sero-sanguinolent fluid, under which a small in-
duration is formed, surrounded by an areolar
inflammation, which becomes gangrenous. It has
been thought by some to be induced altogether by
contact with the matter of the carbuncle of ani-
mals, or of the exuviae of the bodies of such as
had died of the disease, but is now known to
arise primarily in the human subject. This form
of carbuncle has received different names, many
of them from the places where it has prevailed :
— Garbuncu'lua contagio'sua seu Gal'licus seu
Hunga'ricu8 seu Polon'icus seu Septeutriona'lis,
Per'aicua ig'nia, Mor'hua pustuWaua Fin'nimia,
Pua'tula gangrseao'aa seu liv'ida Eathn'ni^, Pern' -
phigua Hanga'ricua, Pace de Bourgogne ou ma-
ligne, Feu Peraique, Malvat de Langnedoc.
Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment
is similar to that which is required in case of
gangrene attacking a part. Laying open the part
freely is one of the best remedies.
Ax'thrax Malig'nus, see Anthrax — a. Pul-
monum, Necropneumonia.
Anthris'cus Cerefo'lium, Scandix cerefolium
— a. Humilis, Chgerophyllum syivestre — a. Pro-
cerus, Chgerophyllura sylve&tre.
Anthro'pe, {av^put-nTi-) Cutis.
Anthropiat'rica (Medici'na), {anthropo, and
carpfita, 'medicine.') Medicine applied to man, in
contradiction to animals.
Anthro'po, (av'&pwTroj, 'man,') in composition,
man.
Anthropoche'mia, Chemistry (human).
Anthropoch'ymy, Chemistry (human).
iiXit')aX0^0§QXl'iB,^Anthropogen'€Hia,Anthropog"-
eny, Genean'thropy, {anthropo, and yevcaiq, ' gen-
eration.') The knowledge, or study, or phenomena
of human generation.
A.ntlaxO'^O^'TBi^'h.Y ^Anthropograph' ia,{anthropo,
anc^ ypa(pr), ' a description.') Anthropology. A
description of the human body.
An'thropoid, AnthropoV dea, [anthropo, and
u6oi, ' resemblance.') Resembling man: — as the
ape.
AnthTOT^oVithviS, {anthropo, and Xi0of,'a stone.')
The petrification of the human body or of any of
its parts. Morbid concretions in the human body.
Anthropolog'lcal, Anthropolog" icus, (F.) An-
thropologigue. llelating, or appertaining, to an-
thropology.
Anthropol'ogy, Anthropolog" ia, {anthropo, and
'koyos, 'a. discourse.') A treatise on man. By some,
this word is used for the science of the structure
and functions of the human body. Frequently,
it is employed synonymously with the Natural
History, and the Physiology of M<in.
Anth.ropoinagnetism'u8, see Magnetism, ani-
mal.
Anthrop'omancy, Anthropomanti'a, (anthropo,
and navTtia, ' divination.') Divination by inspect-
ing the entrails of a dead man.
Anthropom'etry, Anthropomet'ria, {anthropo,
and utTpoy, 'measure.') Measurement of the
dimensions of the different parts of the human
body.
Anthropomorphol'ogy, (ojf^^ropo, fiopcprj, 'form,*
and Aoyof, ' a discourse.') Anatomy (descriptive).
A treatise on human anatomy.
Anthropomorph'us, {anthropo, and nop^rj,
' shape,') Atropa mandragora.
Anthropon'omy, Anthroponom'ia, {anthropo,
and vonoi, ' law.') A knowledge of the special
laws which preside over the functions of the
human body.
Anthropoph'agUS, (F.) Anthropophage, {an-
thropo, and (payw, < I eat.') A name given to one
who eats those of his own species.
Anthropoph'agy, Anthropopha'gia, (same ety-
mon.) The custom of eating human flesh. A
disease in which there is great desire to eat it.
Anthro'pos, {av^ptuno^,) Homo.
Anthroposco'pia, Physiognomy.
Anthropot'omy, Andranatomia.
An'thus, {av^oi,) Flos.
Anthypnot'ic, Anthypnot'icua, Agrypnot'icua^
Antihypnot'ic,Agrypnot'ic,{anti, and'vwoj, *sleej).']
A remedy for stupor.
Anthypoch.On'dLria.C, Anthypochondri'acti8,{anti,
and 'vnoXovSptaKog, * hypochondriac.') A remedy
for hypochondriasis.
Anthyster'ic, Antihyster'ic, Antihyster'icus,
{and, and hartpa, * the uterus.') A remedy lor
hysteria.
An'ti, {ami, ' against,') as a prefix, generally
means 'opposition.'
Anti'ades, {avnaSsg,) Tonsils.
Antiadi'tis, {antiades, and itis,) Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
Antiadon'cus, {antindea, and oywj, 'tumor.')
A swelling of the tonsils. Anti'agri has a similar
meaning.
Antiadon'cus Inflammato'rius, Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
Anti'agri, {antiadea, and agra,) Antiadoncus.
Antiapoplec'tic, Antiapoplec' ticus, Antapo-
plec'ticua, Apoplec'ticua, {anti, and affo7rA>7|ia, 'apo-
plexy.') A remedy for apoplexy.
Antia'ris Toxica'ria, see Upas.
Antiarthrit'ic, Antarthrit' ic, Antiarthrit'icna,
Antipodag'ric, {anti, and ap^pirig, 'the gout,*) (F.)
Antigoatteux. A remedy for gout.
Antiasthen'ic, Antiasthen'ic.ia, {anti, and aaBt-
vtia, ' debility.') A remedy for debility.
Antiasthmat'ic, Antiaathmat'icua, Anfasthmat'-
icus, {anti, and asthma.) A remedy for asthma.
Antiatropli'icus, Antatrophic.
Antiballom'enum, {avn^aWciv, ' to put in place
of another,') Succedaneum.
Antibdel'la, {anti, and (iScXXa, 'a leech.') Ant-
lia sanguisuga.
Antibe'chicus, {anti, and jS^/f, gen. /?/;vj,
'cough,') Expectorant.
Antibra'chial, Antihmchia'Ua. That which
concerns the forearm. — Bichat. J. Cloquet sug-
gests that the word should be written antebrachial,
from ante, 'before,' and hrachium, 'the arm' — as
antebrachial region, antebrachial aponeurosis, Ac.
AnTEBRA'CHIAL ApONEURO'sIS, (F.) AjMjnSrroae
antSbrachi((le, is a portion of the aponeurotio
sheath which envelops the whole of the upper
limb. It arises from the brachial aponeurosis,
from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of th«
biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epitrochlea,
and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra-
chials. Within, it is inserted into the cubitus,
<fec. ; and below, is confounded with the two an-
nular ligaments of the carpus. It is covered by
the skin, by veins, lymphatics, and by filaments
of superficial nerves ; it covers the muscles of the
forearm, adheres to them, and sends between
them several fibrous septa, which serve them for
points of insertion.
Antibra'chium, Forearm.
Antibro'mio, Antibro'micna, {anti, and ^punos,
'foetor.') A Deo'dorizer, or Deo'dorant. An
64
ANTICACHECTIO
ANTILITHICS
agent that destroys offensive odors — as chloride
of zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, &o.
Anticachec'tic, Anticachec' ticua, Anticaco-
chijiu'ic, {anti, and Kaj(^e^ia, ' cachexy/) A remedy
against cachexy.
Anticacochym'ic, {anti, Kami, *bad,' and ;j^t)/xos,
*juice,') Anticachectic.
Anticau'oerous, {anti, and cancer,) Antican-
cero'sus, Anticancro' sua, Atiticarcinom'atoua, An-
tiscir'rhous. Opposed to cancer.
Anticancro'sus, Anticancerous.
Anticarcinom'atous, {anti, and KapKivu>na, 'can-
cer,') Anticancerous.
Anticar'dium, {anti, and Kapiia, 'heart,') Fos-
sette du coeur, Scrobiculus cordis.
Anticatar'rhal, Anticatanha'lis, Anticatar-
rho'icaa, (anti, and Karappog, 'catarrh.') A remedy
for catarrh.
AuticaUSOd'ic, Anticauaot'ic, Anticauaod'icua,
(anti, and Kavaog, ' a burning fever.') A remedy
for cauaua or inflammatory fever.
Anticausot'ic, Anticausodic.
Anticlieir, gen. Anticheir'ia, {avTi^eip, from, anti,
*nd xeip, ' hand.') Pollex, see Digitus.
Antichoerad'icus. {anti, and ;jj;ojpas, 'scrofula,')
Antiscrofulous.
Antichoreric, Anticholer'icua, {anti, and chol-
era.) A remedy against cholera.
Anticholer'ica, Sophora heptaphylla.
Alltic"ipatillg', Antic" ipana, Antepo'nena, Pro-
lep'ticns, (F.) Anticipant, {ante, 'before,' and ca-
pio, 'I take.') An epithet for a periodical phe-
nomenon, recurring at progressively shorter in-
tervals. An anticipating intermittent is one in
which the intervals between the paroxysms be-
come progressively less.
Anticne'mium, {avTucvrniiov, from anti, and
Kvrjiiri, ' leg,') Shin.
Anticaeur, {anti, and coeur, 'heart.') Scrobi-
culus cordis.
Anticol'ic, Antico'Ucua, {anti, and KotXiKos, 'the
colic.') That which is opposed to colic.
Anticom'ma, gen. Anticom'matia, {anti, and
Kopina, 'a blow,') Contre-coup.
Antic'ope, [avriKonri,) Contre-coup.
Anticoptosco'pium, (anti, Konru), * I strike,' and
worrew, ' I inspect,') Pleximeter.
Anticru'sis, {avriKpovms,) Contrafissura.
Anticrus'ina, Contrafissura.
Anti'CUS, {ante, ' before,') Anterior.
AntldartreuXf {dartre (E.), herpes,) Anti-
herpetic.
Antideix'is, {anti, and lu^ii, 'indication,')
Counterindication.
Antidiarrhoe'ic, Antidiarrhoe'icua, {anti, and
diarrhoea.) A remedy for diarrhoea. Opposed to
diarrhoea.
Antidin'io, Antidin'icua, Din'ic, Din'icua,
{anti, and 6ivO(;, * vertigo.') Opposed to vertigo.
Antid'otal or Autido'tal, Antidota'Ua. Re-
lating to an antidote ; possessed of the powers of
an antidote.
Antidota'Tiam. A dispensatory. A phar-
macopoeia or formulary. An'tidotary was used
formerly for any composition that had the prop-
erties of an antidote.
An'tidotary, see Antidotarium.
An'tidote, Antid'otum, Antitox'icum, {anti, and
SiSdifjii, ' I give.') Originally, this word signified
an internal renedif. It is now used synonymously
with counterpoiaon, antiphar'mncuni, (F.) Contre-
poinon, and signifies any remedy capable of com-
bating the effect of poison.
An'tidotk, Bi'bron's, (F.) Antidote de Bibron.
An antidote to the poison of the rattlesnake, and
other serpents, proposed by Professor Bibron,
which, when administered early, and continued
for a sufficient length of time, it has been con-
ceived, proved effectual. It is composed as fol-
lows : R. Potaatii iodidi, gr, iv., Hydrargyri chlo-
rtdi corroaivi, gr. ij., Brominii, ^y. M. Dose, ten
drops, in a tablespooniul of wine or brandy ; to
1)0 repeated if necessary. The mixture must be
kept in a well-stopped vial.
Antid'otum, Antidote — a. Heraclidis, Ennea^
pharmacos — a. Mithridatium, Mithridate.
Antidynam'ica, {anti, and dwajxig, ' force,') De-
bilitants.
Antid'ynous, (badly formed from anti, and
oSvvrj, 'pain,') Anodyne.
Antidysenter'ic, Antidyaenter'icua, {anti, fv^.
' with difficulty,' and tvTzpov, ' intestine.') Op-
posed to dysentery.
Antiemet'iC; Antemet'ic, AntOSmet'icua, {anti,
and cyitTiKo;, 'emetic.') A remedy for vomiting.
Antiephial'tic or Antephial'tic, AntiepUiaV -
ticua, {anti, and eipiaXrrjs, 'nightmare.') A remedy
for nightmare.
Antiepilep'tic or Antepilep'tic, Antiepilept' -
iciia, {anti, and eniXrjipia, * epilepsy.') A remedy
for epilepsy.
Antifebri'lis, {atiti, and fehria, ' fever,') Feb-
rifuge.
Antigalac'tic, Antigalac' ticua, Antilac'teua, An-
tilactea' cent, {anti, and gala,) (F.) Antilaiteux.
Opposed to the secretion of milk or to diseases
caused by the milk.
Antig'oni CoUyr'ium Ni'grum, Blach colhjr'-
ium of Antig'onua. It was comjjosed of cadmia,
antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic, and
water.
Antigua, see West Indies.
Antihaemopty'icus, Anthasmoptyicus.
Antihec'tic, Antihec' ticua, Anthec'ticua, {anti,
and f(«f, ' habit of body.') The Antihec'ticnm
Pote'kii is the white oxide of antimony; also
called Diaphoret' icum Jovia'le.
Anti'helix, gen. Antihel' icia, Anthelix.
Antihelmin'ticus, Anthelmintic.
Antiliemorrhag"ic, Antiha;morrhag"icua, An-
thsemorrhag" icua, {anti, and aifMoppayia, ' hemor-
rhage.') That which is against hemorrhage j an
antihemorrhagic remedy.
Antihemorrhoid'al, Antihiemorrho'ida'lia, {anti,
and aiixoppoidci, ' hemorrhoids.') A remedy for
hemorrhoids.
Antiherpet'ic, Antiherpet' icua, {anti, and epirrig,
gen. fpTrr)TOi, ' herpes,') (F.) Antidartreux. A
remedy for herpes.
ADtihydrophob'ic, Antihydrophoh'icua, Anti-
lya'aua, Alya'aua, {anti, vduyp, 'water,' and ^o/3os,
'dread.') A remedy for hydrophobia.
Antihydrop'ic, Antihydrop'icua, Hydrop'icua,
{anti, and v6p(o\p, ' dropsy.') A remedy for dropsy.
Antihypnot'ic, Anthypnotic.
Antihyster'ic, Anthysteric.
AntilCter'io, Anti-icter'icaa, Icter'icna, {anti,
and iKTcpos, 'jaundice.') A remedy for jaun-
dice.
Antilmpetig"ene8, Sol'omon's, see Liquor
hydrargyri oxymuriatis.
Antila'bium, Prolabium, see Antelabia.
Antilactes'cent, Antigalactic.
Antilac'teus, {anti, smd lac, gim. lactia, 'milk,')
Antigalactic.
AntilaitetinCf Antigalactic.
Antilep'sis, (avTi^tiXpii, from avTi\an^avtt>, 'I
take hold of,') A])prehen'sio. The mode of at-
taching a bandage over a diseased part, by fixing
it upon the sound parts. The mode of securing
bandages, Ac, from slipping. Treatment by re-
vulsion or derivation.
Antilethar'gic, Antilethar' gicua, {anti, and
^^tjBapyLKOi, 'afi"ected with lethargy.') A remedy
for lethargy.
Antilith'ics, Antilith'ica, Lith'ica, {anti, and
\idoi, 'a stone.') A substance that prevents the
formation of calculi in the urinary organs.
The chief antilithics — according as the calculi
are lithio acid or phosphatio — are alkalies or
ANTILOBIUM
ANTIMONIUM
65
acids, with revellents, especially change of air;
tonics, as diosma crenata [?], and uva ursi [?].
Antilo'bium, {a^ui, and \o(iioi>, 'the lobe of
the ear.') Antitragus, Tragus.
Antiloim'iCt Antiloim'icus, Antiloe'mic, Anti-
peatilentia'lia, {anti, and ^oifjios, 'the plague.') A
remedy for the plague.
Antilo'puS. The An'teJope, (F.) Gazelle,
(avdoi, 'a flower,' and wJ//, 'the eye' — so called
from its beautiful eye.) An African animal, whose
hoofs and horns were formerly given in hysteric
and epileptic cases.
Antilys'SUS, {anti, and Auowa, 'rabies,') Anti-
hydiophobic.
AlltiinelaiLch.ol'io, Antimelanchol'-icus, (anti,
and fieXayxo^iaf ' melancholy.') A remedy for
melancholy.
Antimephific, Antimephit'icus, {anti, and
mephitic.) A remedy against mephitio or delete-
rious gases.
Antimiasmat'ic, Antimiaamat' icu», (anti, and
miasma.) A remedy against miasmatic affections,
as quinia.
Aiitimoine, Antimonium — a. Benrre d', Anti-
monium muriatum — a. Chlorure d', Antimonium
muriatum — a. Oxide d', Algaroth — a. Oxide
iZa«c (/', Antimonium diaphoreticura — a. Oxide
Sul/arS d', Oxidum stibii sulphuratum — a. Sou-
fre dore d', Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum
— a. Snlfure d\ Antimonium — a. Snlfnre, hydro-
sulphure rouge rf', Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum
— a. Verre d', Antimonii vitrum.
Antimo'llial, Antimonia'Hs, Stihia'lis, (from
antiiHonium.) A composition into which antimony
enters. A preparation of antimony.
Antimo'nial Pow'deh, Pul'via antimonia'lis seu
antiino'nii compos' itus, Ox'idum antimo'nii cum
phos' phate cal'cis, Phon'jyhaH cnl'cia atibia'tua seu
cal'cicam stibia'tum, Pul'viff Jame'sii seu stibia'tus
«eu de phon'phate cal'cia et stib'ii compoa'itns seu
Jaco'bi seu febrif ugus Jaco'bi, Factitious James's
Pow'der, Schwan' berg's Fe'ver Pow' der,Ghen' evix's
Antimo'nial Pow'der, (F.) Poudre antimoniale
composee ou de James. A peroxide of antimony
combined with phosphate of lime. ( Take of com-
mon sulphnret of antim,ony, Ibj., hartshorn shavings,
ftij. Roast in an iron pot, until they form a
gray powder. Put this into a long pot, with a
small hole in the cover. Keep it in a red heat for
two hours, and grind to a fine powder. In the
Ph. B. (1867), Pulvis antimonialis is made by
mixing thoroughly one ounce of oxide of antimony
with two ounces oi precipitated phosphate of lime.)
This preparation has long been esteemed as a
febrifuge : but it is extremely uncertain in its
action. The ordinary dose is 6 or 8 grains.
The original James's Powder — Pul'vis Jaco'bi,
P. Jaco'bi ve'rus — of which the above is a suc-
cedaneum, was a patent medicine, so ambiguously
described, that the powder of James could not be
prepared from the formula. It had an immense
reputation, which it did not merit.
Antimoniale Caust'icum, Antimonium mu-
riatum.
Anti monia' turn, Sul'phur, Antimonii sul-
phuretum prajcipitatum — a. Tartar, Antimoni-
um tartarizatum.
Antimo'nii Buty'rum, Antimonium muri-
atum — a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. i
Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. Chlori-
dum, Antimonium muriatum — a. Murias, Anti-
monium muriatum — a. Oleum, Antimonium mu-
riatum — a. Oxidulum hydrosulphuratum auran-
tiacum, Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum —
a. Oxidum, see Algaroth — a. Oxidum auratum,
Antimonii sulphuratum praecipitatum — a. Oxi-
dum nitro-muriaticum, Algaroth — a. Oxidum
cum sulphure vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum — a.
Oxidum sulphuretum vitrifactum, Antimonii vi-
trum — a. Oxysulphuretum, see A.- sulphuretum
5
rubrum — a. et Potassae tartras, Antimonium tar-
tarizatum — a. Potassio-tartras, Antimonium tar-
tarizatum — a. Regulus medicinalis, Antimonium
medicinale — a. Sal, Antimonium tartarizatum —
a. Sulphur auratum, Antimonii sulphuretum prae-
cipitatum — a. Sulphur praecipitatum, Antimonii
sulphuretum praecipitatum — a. Sulphuratum, An-
timonii sulphuretum praecipitatum — a. Sulphu-
retum, Antimonium.
Antimo'nii Stjlphure'ttjm Pr^cipita'tum,«S'«Z'-
phur antimonia'tnm, Hydrosvlphure'tum stibio'-
sum cum sul'phure, Oxo'des stib'ii avljihura'tnm,
Oxid'ulum antimo'nii hydrosiifphura'tvm auran-
ti'acum, Ox'idum aura'tum antimonii, Sulphure'-
tum stib'ii oxidula'ti, Hydrosulfure'tum lu'tevm
ox'idi stib'ii sulfura'ti, Sul'phur antimo'nii prse-
cipita'tum, Sul'phur aura'tum antimonii, Antimo-
nium sulphur a' turn aurantia' cum , Gold' en Sul'phur
of An'timony, (F.) Soufre dore d'Antimoine, acts
like Kermes mineral, but is much weaker.
Antimonii Sulphuretum Pracipitatum, (Ph. U,
S., 1851.,) Avtimo'nium Sulphura'tum, (Ph. U. S.,
1873,) is made by boiling together Sulpihuret of
Antimony, in fine powder, Solution of Potassc,
and distilled water; straining the liquor whilt
hot, and dropping into it Diluted Sulphuric Acid
so long as it produces a precipitate. Dose, gr. i.
to gr. iij. as an alterative; gr. v. to xx. as an
emetic.
Antimo'nii Sulphuke'tum Ru'brum, Antimo''
nium sulphura'tum ru'brum sen fus'cum, Hydrosul'
fure'tum stib'ii ru'brum, Subhydrosul'fas stib'ii,
Hydrosulfure'tum ru'brum stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pul'-
vis Carthusiano'rum, Red Std'phuret of Antimony,
Kcmnea minera'le seu minera'lis, Ker'mes or Cher'-
mes min'eral, (F.) Hydrosidfure rouge d'Antinioint
sulfurS, Vermilion de Provence, is not much used;
medicinally, being replaced by Antimonii Oxy-
sulphuretum.
Antimo'nii Oxysulphure' turn (Ph. U. S., 1873).
(F.) Oxysul/ure d' Antimoine hydrate, is consid-
ered to be nearly the same as the old Ker'mes or
Cher'mes Min'eral. It is prepared by boiling to-
gether sulphuret of antimony and carbonate of
sodium in water; filtering; and washing and dry-
ing the precipitate. It is a powder of a purplish-
brown color, and almost devoid of taste. It is
emetic, diaphoretic, and cathartic, according to
the dose; and has been chiefly used in chronic
rheumatism and in cutaneous affections. Dose,
gr. j. to gr. iij.
Antimo'nii Tar'tras, Antimonium tartariza-
tum — a. Tersulphuretum, Antimonium.
Antimo'nii et Potas's^e Tar'tras, Antimo-
nium tartarizatum — a. et Potassii Tartras, Anti-
monium tartarizatum.
Antimo'nii Vit'rum, Glass of An'timony, Anti-
monii oxi'dnm sulphvre'tum vitrifac'tum, Ox'idum
stib'ii semivit'reum, Antimo' nium vitrifac'tum, Ox'-
idum antimonii cum sul'phure vitrifac'tum, Vi'trum
stib'ii, Antimonii vi'trum hyacin'thinum, Oxid'u-
lum stib'ii vitrea'tum, (F.) Verre d'Antimoine.
(Formed by roasting powdered common antimony
in a shallow vessel, over a gentle fire, till it is of
a whitish-gray color, and emits no fumes in a redj,
heat ; then melting it, on a quick fire, into a clean,'
brownish-red glass.) It has been used for pre-
paring the tartarized antimony, and antimonial
wine.
Antimo'nii Vit'kum Hyacin'thinum, Antimonii.
vitrum.
Antimo'nious Ac"id, Antimonium diaphoret-
icum — a. Chloride, Antimonium Muriatum — a.
Oxychloride, Algaroth.
Antimo'nium, (of unknown derivation; bj
some supposed to be from anti, and iiovoi;, * alone ;^
i. e. not found alone; or, according to others, from ■
anti, * against,' and (F.) moine, ' a monk ;' because,
it is asserted, certain monks suffered much from
it.) Sti'hi, Stib'ium, lieg'ulus Antimo'nii, Mine-
66
ANTIMONIUM
ANTIPARASITIC
ra'lium, Gynsece'um, Magne'aia Satur'ni, Marca-
ai'ta plum'bea, Platyophthal'mon, Stim'mi, Au'rum
lepro'sum, Antimo'nium cru'dum seu ni'grum seu
aulphura'tum nigrum, A. sulphure' turn seu teraul-
phiire'tam, Sulphure' turn stih'ii nigrtim seu sttbi-
cum, Common or Crude An'timony, Sul'phuret of
An'timony, (F.) Antimoine, Salfure d' Antimoine.
Sulphuret of antimony is the ore from which all
the preparations of antimony are formed. In
Pharmacy, it is the native sesquisulphuret of an-
timony, purified by fusion. When prepared for
medical use, by trituration and levigation, it forms
a powder, Autimo'nii stilphnre'tam prsepara'tum
(Ph. D.), of a black or bluish-gray color, which is
insoluble. It is slightly diaphoretic and altera-
tive, and has been used in chronic rheumatism,
cutaneous diseases, <fec.
Antimo'nium Al'bum, Bismuth — a Calcinatum,
Antimonium diaphoreticura — a. Chloratum solu-
tum, Antimonium muriatum — a. Crudum, Anti-
monium.
Antimo'nium Diaphoret'icum, DlapTioret'ic
An' timony yAntimo' nious Ac" id, MIn'eral Bez'oard,
Antimo'nium Calcina'tum, Min'eral Diaphoret'ic,
Matih-e perUe de Kerkring, Peroxide of An'ti-
mony, Calx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphoret'-
icum lo'tum, Cerus'sa Antimo'nii, C<ilx Antimo'nii
elo'ta, Oxo'dea stib'ii al'bnm, Ox'idum atibio'sum,
Ox'idum stib'ii al'bum median' te ni'tro con/ec'tum,
Potaasse biantimo'niaa, Deutox'ide of An'timony,
^F.) Oxide hlanc d'Antimoine prSparS par le
moyen du nitre, Antimoine diaphoreiique lavS.
(Common antimony, Ibj., purified nitre, Ibiij. —
Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot crucible;
powder and wash. The flowers that stick to the
side of the crucible must be carefully separated,
otherwise they render it emetic.) Dose, gr. x. to
XXX.
Antimo'nium Emet'icum, A. tartarizatum.
Antimo'nium Medicina'le, Reg'ulua Antimo'nii
Medicina'lia, Medic"inal Reg'ulaa of An'timony.
{Antimon. aulphiir.^v.. Potass, aubcarb.^i., Sodii
chlorid. ^iv. Powder, mix, and melL When
cold, separate the scoriae at top, powder the mass,
and wash it well.) It is conceived to be more
active than common antimony.
ANTiMo'NirjM Muria'tum, Antimo'nii Mu'rias,
Stib'ii chlo' ridum seu Seaquichlo' ridum seu Ter-
chlo'ridum seu Chlorure' turn, Spu'ma tri'nm dra-
co'num, Deutomu'riaa stib'ii sublima'tua, Buty'rum
Antimo'nii seu Stib'ii, O'leum Antimo'nii, Caus'-
ticum antimonia' le, Antimo'nium aali'tum seu chlo-
ra'tum aolu'tum, Liquor Antimo'nii muriat'iei,
But'ter of An'timony, Mur'iate of An'timony, An-
timo'niotia Ghlo'ride, Chlo' ride or Chlo'ruret, Sea-
qnichlo'ride or Ter chlo' ride of An'timony, (F.)
Chlorure d' Antimoine, Beurre d'Antimoine. (Com-
mon antimony and corrosive sublimate, of each
equal parts ; grind together, and distil in a wide-
niicked retort, and let the butyraceous matter
that comes over run, in a moist place, to a liquid
oil.) A caustic, but not much used as such.
Sometimes taken as poison. Dissolved in hydro-
chloric acid, it forms the Li' quor Antimo'nii Chlo'-
ridi, Sola'tion of Chlo' ride of An'timony, of the
British Pharmacopoeia (1867), from which oxide
of antimony is prepared.
Antimo'nium Ni'grum, see Antimonium — a.
Salitum, Antimonium muriatum — a. Rulphura-
tum, see Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum
— a. Sulphuratum aurantiacum, Antimonii sul-
phuretum prajcipitatum — a. Sulphuratum nigrum,
see Antimonium — a. Sulphuratum rubrum, Anti-
monii sulphuretum rubrum — a. Tartaratum, A.
tartarizatum.
Antimo'nium Tartariza'tum, A. Tartnra'tnm,
Antimo'nii tar' tr as, Antimo'nii ct Potaa'sie Tar' Iras,
Antimo'nii et Potaa'aii Tar'traa (Ph. U. S., 1873),
Antimo'nii potaa'aiotartrna, Tar'tria Antimo'nii,
Sii^ieraiib' iat potaa'aicua, Tar'tar Antimonia'tum, \
Sal Antimo'nii, Tar'traa Potna'nx afihii/atis seu
stibia'lia, Tar'tris lixiv'ise utibia'tua, Deiitotartrat
potns'sieet atib'ii, Tar'taruaemet'icua seu stibia'tua^
Tar'tarum emet'icum, Antimo'nium emet'icum, Tar'-
tarized An'timony, Tar'trate of An'timony and
potaa'aa, Potas' aiotar' trate of An'timony, Emet'ic
Tar'tar, Tar'tar Emet'ic, (F.) Tartre atibie, Tartre
Emitique, Emitique ; in some parts of the United
States, vulgarly and improperly, called Tartar.
(Made by boiling powdered oxide of antimony
and powdered bitartrate of potassa hi distilled
water; filtering and crystallizing. Ph. U. S.,
1863.) Tartarized antimony is emetic, some-
times cathartic and diaphoretic. Externally it
is rubefacient, and in the form of ointment more
especially, Unguentum antimo'nii, is used to cause
pustulation. Dose, as an emetic, gr. j. to gr. iv.
in solution ; as a diaphoretic, gr. one-sixteenth
to gr. one-quarter.
The empirical preparation, called Norria't
Drops, consists of a solution of tartarized anti-
mony in rectified spirit, disguised by the addition
of some vegetable coloring matter.
Antimo'nium Vitrifac'tum, Antimonii vitrum.
An'timony, Antimonium — a. Butter of, Anti-
monium muriatum — a. Chloride of, Antimonium
muriatum — a. Chloruret of, Antimonium muria-
tum — a. Common, Antimonium — a. Crude, Anti-
monium — a. Deutoxide of, Antimonium diapho-
reticum — a. Flowers of, Algaroth — a. Glass of,
Antimonii vitrum — a. Golden sulphur of, Anti-
monii sulphuretum prajcipitatum — a. Medicinal
regulus of, Antimonium medicinale — a. Muriate
of, Antimonium muriatum — a. Oxide of, see Alga-
roth — a. Peroxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticura
— a. Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium tartariza-
tum — a. Sesquichloride of, Antimonium muriatum
— a. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum
rubrum — a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum
— a. Terchloride of, see Algaroth — a. Teroxide of,
Antimonium muriatum — a. Vegetable, Eupato-
rium perfoliatum.
An'timony and Potas'sa, Tar'trate op, Anti,
monium tartarizatum — a. and Potassium, Tar-
trate of, Antimonium tartarizatum.
Antinephrit'io, Antinephret'ic, Antinephret'-
icua, (from avn, ' against,' and nephritis.) A
remedy for inflammation of the kidney.
Antineuropatt'lc, Nervine.
Antineurot'ic, Nervine.
Antin'iad, see Antinial.
Antin'ial, {anti, and mov, *the ridge of the
occiput.') An epithet for an aspect towards the
side opposite to the inion, or ridge of the occiput.
— Barclay. Antin'iad is used adverbially by the
same writer, to signify * towards the antinial as-
pect.*
Anti'oolii Hi'era. A preparation extolled by
the ancients in melancholy, hydrophobia, epi-
lepsy, &c. It was formed of germander, agaric,
pulp of colocynth, Arabian stoeehas, opoponax,
sagapenum, parsley, aristolochia, white pepper,
cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey, Ac.
Anti'ochi Theri'aca. a theriac employed by
Antiochus against every kind of poison. It war
composed of thyme, opoponax, millet, trefoil,
fennel, aniseed, nigella, sativa, Ac.
Antiodontal'gic, Antodontal'gic, AntiodontaV'
gicus, AntodontaV gicua, Odontdl'gic, Odont'ic,
(F.) Odontalgiqne, (anti, and o^owaAyiu, ' tooth-
ache.') A remedy for toothache.
Antiorgas'tic,yl«<JO''«7'Tr»'^'cH«, (anti, and opyaw,
' I desire vehemently.') A remedy for orgasm OJ
erethism, and for irritation in general.
Antiparalyt'io, Antiparalyt'icus, {anti, and
napa'SviTK;, 'palsy,') Opposed to palsy.
Antiparasit'iOf Antiparaait'icus, Antiphtheiri'-
acna, Phthi'riua, Parasit'icide, (anti, and n-dfiaatroj,
'a parasite.') An agent that destroys parasites,
as the different vermin that infest the body. The
ANTIPARASTATITIS
ANTISQUAMIC
67
chief antiparasitics are Cocculua, Staphisagria,
Veratrum album, and certain of the mercurial
preparations.
Antiparastati'tis, (ante, and vapaaraTris, 'the
epididymic , also, * the prostate,' and itis.) In-
flammation of Cowper's glands.
Antipathi'a, {avmra&eia, from and, and Trafloy,
'passion, affection.') Aversion. A natural re-
pugnance to any person or thing.
Antipath'ic, Antipath' icus, (F.) Antipathique.
Belonging to antipathy. Opposite, contrary, —
as humeura antipatkiquea (P.) ; humors opposed
to each other. Also, palliatives.
Antip'atri Theri'aca, Tke'riac of Antip'ater.
A farrago of more than 40 articles ; used as an
antidote against the bites of serpents.
Antipediculo'sa, Antiphtheiriaca.
Antiperiod'ic, Antiperiod' icus, Antityp'acua,
{anti, and nepiodoi, ' a period.') A remedy which
possesses the povyer of arresting morbid period-
ical movements — d.g, the sulphate of quinia in
interinittents.
Antiperistal'sis, see Antiperistaltic.
Antiperistal'tic, Antiperiatal'ticua, Antiver-
mic'ular, {anti, and /rs/jtorcAAw, 'I contract.') An
inverted action of the intestinal tube. The con-
dition has been termed Anti per iatal'ais.
Antiperis'tasis, {avmrtpiaTaaii, from anti, and
•KepKrracts, 'reunion, aggregation,') A union of
opposite circumstances ; the action of two con-
trary qualities, one of which augments the force
of the other. The peripateticiaus asserted that it
is by Antiperistasis that fire is hotter in winter
than in summer. Theophrastur, attributes the
cause, which renders man more vigorous, and
makes him digest more readily in winter, to the
augmentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis.
Antiper'nius, (anti, and pernio, ' a chilblain.')
A remedy against chilblains ; as Unguen'tuni an-
tiper'niuni, an ointment for chilblains.
Antipertus'sis, {anti, and pertuaaia, ' hooping-
oough,') see Zinci sulphas.
Antipestilentia'lis, Antiloimio.
Aatiphar'macuiu, {avTupapyiaKov, from anti, and
^PliuKov, ' poison,') Antidote.
Antiphar'nacus, Alexipharmic.
Antiphlogis'tio, Antipklogia'ticua, {anti, and
^Aeyu), 'I burn.') Opposed to inflammation j as
Antiphlogiatic remediea, A. regimen, <fcc.
Antiphtheiri'aca, Antiphthiri' aca, Antipedic-
ulo'aa, (anfi, and ^&£iiica(a, * I am lousy.') A rem-
edy used to destroy lice.
Antiphthis'ical, Antiphthia' icua, {anti, and
^mi, 'consumption.') Opposed to phthisis.
Antiphyset'ics, Carminatives.
Antipliys'ica, Carminatives.
Aatiphys'ical, Antipht/a'icii«, {anti, and (pvaaut,
* I blow.') An expeller of wind ; a carminative.
It has also been used for anything preternatu-
ral; here the derivation is from anti, and (pvai^,
'nature.' The French sometimes say, * un goat
antiphi/atqae,' ' an unnatural taste.'
Antiplas'tic, Antiplaa'ticm, Plaatilyt'ic, Plaa-
tili/t'icaa,(anti, drndTTXaauKOi, 'formative.') Anti-
formative. An agent that diminishes the quan-
tity of plastic matter — fibrin — in the blood.
Antipleurit'ic, Antipleuret'ic, Antiplenret'iciia,
{anti, and T:\evpiTtg, ' pleurisy.') Opposed to pleu-
risy.
Antipneumon'ic, Antipneumo'nicna, {anti, and
xMu/iwj/ta, 'disease or inflammation of the lungs.')
A remedy for disease or inflammation of the lungs.
Antipoda'gric, {ami, and TroSaypa, 'gout.')
Antiarthritic.
Antiprax'is, {avrf:Tpa^ii, from anti, and Trpamu),
*I act.') A contrary state of different parts in
the same patient ; e. g. an increase of heat in one
organ, and diminution of it in another.
Antiprurit'ic, Antiprurit'icns, (anti, and pru-
ritua.) Opposed to pruritus or itching.
Antipso'ric, Antipso'ricua, Antiaca'hioua, {anti,
and x^tapa, ' the itch,') (F.) Antigaleux. Opposed
to the itch.
Antipu'trid, Antiseptic.
Antipy'ic, Antipy'icua, {anti, and nvov, 'pus.')
Opposea to suppuration.
Antipyret'ic, {anti, and Truperof, 'fever.') Fe-
brifuge.
Antipyrot'io, Antipyrot'icua, {anti, and imp,
' fire.') Opposed to burns or to pyrosis.
Antiquartana'rium, Antiquar'tium. A remedy
formerly used against quartan fever.
Anti'quus, ('old.') Chronic.
Antirhachit'ic, AntirhacMt'icua, {anti, and
rhachitis.) Opposed to rhachitis or rickets.
Antirheumat'ic, Antirheumat'icua, {anti, and
^evua, gen, ^ivfiaTog, ' rheumatism.') A remedy for
rheumatism.
Antirhi'num Acutan'gulum, {avn, 'for or re-
sembling,' and piv, 'the nose.') A. linaria — a.
Auriculatum, A. elatine.
Antirhi'nitm Elati'ne, a. auricxda' tnm, Elati'-
ne, E. haata'ta, Lina'ria elati'ne, Cymhala'ria ela-
ti'ne, Fluel'len or Fe'male Speed' well, was formerly
used against scurvy and old ulcerations.
Antirhi'num IIedera'ceum, a. linaria — a.
Hederaefolium A. linaria.
Antirhi'num Lina'ria, A. hedera'ceum seu he-
derse/o'lium seu acutan' gulum, Lina'ria, L. vulga-
ria seu cymhala'ria, Elati'ne cymhala'ria, Cymha-
la'ria mura'lia, Oay'ria, Uriva'ria, Common Toad-
fax, (F,) Linaire. Ord. Scrophulariacese, The
leaves have a bitterish taste. They are reputed
to be diuretic and cathartic. An ointment maed
from them has been extolled in hemorrhoids,
Antisca'bious, Antipsoric.
Antisoir'rhous, Anticancerous.
Antiscolet'icus, {anti, and oKuXrj^, 'a worw ')
Anthelmintic.
Antiscoricus, Anthelmintic.
Antiscorbu'tio, Antiaeorbu'ticua, {anti, and
scorhuttia.) Opposed to scurvy.
Antisorof ulous, Antiacroph'ulona, Antiscro/n-
lo'aiia, Antiatrumo' aua, Antichoerad'icua. Opposed
to scrofula.
Antisep'tic, Antiaep'ticua, Antipu'trid, {anti,
and arrrros, ' putrid,') Antiputredino'aua. Opposed
to putrefaction. The chief antiseptics, internally
or externally employed, are Acidum Muriaticum,
Acidum Nitricimi, Acidum Sulphnricum, Alumina
Snlphaa, Acidum Carbolicum, C'arbo Ligni, Calx
Ghlorinata, Chlorinium, Cinchona and its active
principles, Oea«o<e, Dauci Radix, FermentvmCere-
viaise, Plumhi Nitraa, Fotaaase Permanganaa, Sod/x
Ghlorinata, and Zinci Chloridum.
Axtisep'tic Adhk'sive Plas'ter, see Plaster,
antiseptic — a. Cerecloth, see Cerecloth— a. Collo-
dion. Collodion, antiseptic — a. Gauze, see Gauze,
muslin — a. Lac plaster, see Plaster, antiseptic —
a. Ligature, Ligature, antiseptic,
AntisiaragOgue, Antiaiolago'gua, Antiai'alu8f
{anti, aiaXov, 'saliva,' and ayu), 'I expel.') A
remedy against ptyalism.
Antis'pasis, (avrtanaat^, from anti, and orau;, 'I
draw,') Derivation, Kevulsion,
Antispasmod'ic, Antispaamod'icua, Antiapaa'-
ticns, {anti, and maw, ' I draw,') Opposed to
spasm. The whole operation of antispasmodics
is probably revulsive. The following are the
chief reputed antispasmodics : — ^ther Stdphtir-
icua, AHiifatida, Caatorenm, Draeontium, IJoachus,
Oleum Animale I^ippelii, and Valeriana — with
the mental antispasmodics, abstraction, powerful
emotions, fear, «fec. Of direct antispasmodics,
there is no example.
Antispas'ticus, ^iczTirzcTriKos,) Antispasmodic,
Derivative.
Antisqua'mic, Anti aqua' micua, {anti, and aqua-
ma, ' a scale.') A name given by Dr. Headland
to a medicine, which, by acting on the blood, re-
68
ANTISTASIS
moves cutaneous affections. The name is inap-
propriate, as the true scaly diseases — lepra and
psoriasis — are not the only ones that require the
use of eutrophics.
Antis'tasis, (avTiarao-tf, from a7it{, and araut, ' I
place.') Antagonism.
Anti8ter'llum,(ai/riffr£pi'oi/, from anti, and arcpvov,
*the sternum,') The back.
Antisteryg'ma, gen. Antiateryg'matisy {anti,
and (TTijpvyfia, ' a support.') A fulcrum, support,
crutch.
Antistru'mous, {anti, and struma, ' scrofula.')
Antiscrofulaus.
Antisu'doral, Antisudora'lh, {anti, and sudor,
gen. sudo'ris, * sweat.') A remedy that diminishes
sweat.
Antisyphilific, Antiayphilit'icua, {anti, and
eyphilia, * the venereal disease.') Opposed to the
venereal disease.
Antit'asis, {anti, and Tuvta, ' I extend.') Coun-
ter-extension.
Antith'enar, {anti, and thenar.) Opponens
polUcis, Adductor pollicis pedis.
Antither'nia, gen. Antitherm'atis, {anti, and
^tpiitj, ' heat,') Refrigerants.
Antitli'ora, Aconitum anthora.
AntitOX'icum, {anti, and toxicum, ' a poison,')
Antidote.
Anturag"icilS, Antitra'geua, (F.) Mmcle de
VAntitragua, M. Antitnigien — (Ch. ) Belonging
to the antitragus. A small muscle is so called,
the existence of which is not constant. It occu-
pies the space between the antitragus and an-
thelix.
Antitragien, Antitragicus.
Antit'ragUS, {anti, and rpayoi, Hhe tragus,')
Antilo' hium, Oblo'bium. A conical eminence on
the pavilion of the ear, opposite the tragus.
Antityp'ia, {avTirvma, from anti, and rvnTbi, '1
gtrike.') Resistance. Hardness. Repercussion.
Antityp'icus, Antiperiodic.
Antivene'real, Antivene'reua, {anti, and Venua,
gen. Veneris, ' Yaniia.') The same as Antisyph-
ilitic. Formerly it was used synonymously with
Antaphrodisiac.
Antivermic'ular, Antiperistaltic.
Autivermino'sus, {and, and vermis, *a worm,')
Anthelmintic.
Antizymot'ic, Antizymo' ticua. Opposed to zy-
mosis. See Zymotic.
Ant'lia or Antli'a, (airXta, airXfta, from avrAeui,
*I pump out.') A syringe; a pump. Hence,
Antlia lac'tea, Lactisu'ginm, a breast pump ; and
Antlia aanguiau'ga, Antibdel'la, Hiru'do urtijicia'
lis, Artificial Leech, the exhausting syringe used
in cupping.
Ant'lia Gas'trica, Stomach pump.
Antodoiitalg"ic, Antiodontalgic
Antod'ynus, {anti, and o^wj/17, ' pain,') Anodyne.
Anto'thesis, {anti, and w^fw, ' I push,') En-
dosmose.
Antothism'us, Endosmose.
Ant'ozone, {<inti, and ozone.) See Ozone.
An'tral, Antra' Us, (from antrum.) Relating to
an antrum, and specially to the antrum of High-
more.
An'trax, gen. Antra'cis, Anthrax.
Autre, Antrum — a. d'Hyghmore, Antrum of
Highinoro.
Antrover'sio, {antro, modern for 'forwards,'
and verterc, cerHiim, 'to turn,') Anteversio.
An'trum, (avrpov, * a cavern,') Cavem'a, Bar'-
uthrtim, (F.) Ant re. A name given to certain
Bavities in bones, the entrance to which is smaller
than the bottom.
An'trum Aun'is, Tympanum — a. Buocinosum,
Cochlea, labyrinth — a. Dentale, Bee Tooth — a,
Pylori, see Stomach.
An'trum op Hian'MORR, Antrum Highmnrin'.
%um seu ge'nm ieu maxifla're eeu maxil'lie aupe-
AORTA
rio'ris, Genyan'trmn, Gnath<ni'trum, Mar'Ulnry
Sinua, Simia Ge'nse pituita'riua, (F.) Antre d' Hygh"
more, Simis MaxiLlaire. A deep cavity in the
substance of the superior maxillary bone commu-
nicating with the middle meatus of the nose. It
is lined by a prolongation of the Schneideriao
membrane. The antrum is liable to cystic dis-
ease, dropsy. Hydrops antri, &g.
An'trum Pylor'icum, see Stomach.
Ants'jar, Upas.
Annla'ris, Annular.
An'ulus, (dim.,) see Anus, Fossette.
Anure'sis, {an, and mptu, ' I pass the urine,')
Ischuria.
Anu'ria, Ischuria.
Anurocrinief {an, ovpov, and/cptj^w, * I separate.')
See Ischuria.
Anurorrh^ef {an, ovpov, and peca, ' I flow.')
Ischuria.
A'nilS, gen. Ani, {'a, circle,') Po'dex, Po'tex,
Mol'yne, Molyn'ie, Dactyl'ioa, Cath'edra, Cyr'ceon,
Cyn'saros, Cys'thos, Cy'sus, Cys'sus, A'nulnx, Aph'-
edra, Aph' edron, He'dra, Proc'tos, Ar'chos, Se'-
des, Cu'lua. The circular opening situate at the
inferior extremity of the rectum, by which the
excrement is expelled. The fundament. The
body. The seat, (F.) Siege, Fondevient.
A'nus also signifies the anterior orifice of the
A'qneduet of SyVvivs. By some, this Anus,
called also For a' men commu'ne poste'riua, baa
been supposed to form a communication between
the back part of the third ventricle and the lat-
eral ventricles. It is closed up, however, by the
tela choroidea, and also by the fornix, which is
intimately connected with this. The foramen is
situate between the commissura mollis of the optio
thalami and the pineal gland.
A'nus, Abnok'mal, Anus, artificial.
A'nus, Artific"ial, Ahnor'mal Anns, Fe'cal
Fia'tnla, Fis'tula Stercoro'sa, Anna No'thus. An
opening made artificially, to supply the place of
the natural anus. The term is often used to in-
clude preternatural anus.
A'nus Cer'ebri, see Anus, and Aquaeductus
Sylvii.
A'nus, Contract'ed, (F.) Anus r^treei. A state
of the anus when, from some cause, it is con-
tracted.
A'nus, Fis'sure op. See Fissnra ani.
A'nus, Imper'forate. A malformation, in
which there is no natural anus. See Atresia ani
adnata.
A'nus No'thus, Anus, artificial.
A'nus, Preternat'ural, (F. ) Anus contre na-
ture, A. anormal. An accidental opening which
gives issue to the whale or to a part of the faeces.
It may be owing to a wound, or, which is more
common, to gangrene attacking the intestine in a
hernial sac.
This term, as well as (F.) Anus deviS, De'vious
anus, is also employed in the case where the anus,
instead of being in its natural situation, is in
some neighboring cavity, as the bladder, vagina,
&c.
Anzi'etas, Anxiety — a. Praecordiorum, see
Anxiety — a. Tibiarum, see Agacement dos Ncrfg.
Anzi'ety, Anxi'ctaa, Avxi' etude. Adnn)<>'nia,
Dyapho'ria anxi'etas, Alyauiua, Al'yce, Al'yis,
A'ae, (F.) AnxiSte, {angere, ay')^tiv, * to stningle,
to suffocate.') A state of restlessness and agita-
tion, with general indisposition, and a distressing
sense of oppression at the epigastrium, Anxi'ctaa
prircordio'rum. Inquietude, anxiety, and anguish,
represent degrees of the same condition.
Anyp'nia, {an, and Woy, * sleep,') Insomnia.
Aochle'sia, (a, and <»;^Aoj, * disturbance.') Tran-
quillity, calmness.
Aoin'08, {aotvos, from a, and oivof, ' wine.') Ab-
stemious.
AOr'ta, Arte'ria aorta seu mag'nn sou cran'^(s.
AORTASIE
APHASIA
69
Mu max'ima, Hm'mal Ax'is, of Owen, (F.) Aorte.
This name was given by Aristotle to the chief
artery of the body {aoprtonai, ' I am suspended,' as
it seems to be suspended from the heart.[?]) It
is probable that Hippocrates meant by aoprai the
bronchia and their ramifications. The aorta is
the common trunk of the arteries of the body. It
arises from the left ventricle of the heart, about
opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra, passes up-
wards {ascending Aorta), forms the great arch or
cross of the Aorta, and descends along the left
of the spine (descending Aorta), until it reaches
the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra,
where it bifurcates, to give origin to the common
iliacs. The aorta is sometimes divided into the
Thorac"ic or Pec'toral, and the Abdom'inal. For
the arteries, which arise from it, &c., see Artery.
Aortasie, Aorteurysma.
A-ortectasie, [aorta, and tKramg, * dilatation,')
Aorteurysma.
Aorteurys'ina, gen. Aorteurysm' atis, {aorta,
and Eupuj, ' dilated,') Aneurism of the Aorta, (F.)
AortSvrysme, Anfvrysme de V Aorte, Aortectasie,
Aortasie of Piorry. By carefully auscultating over
the dorsal vertebrae, a bellows' sound, with a
deep and not always perceptible impulse, may be
detected.
Aor'tic, Aor'ticus, (F.) Aortique. Relating to
the aorta. The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Ventricnle
Aortique, is the left ventricle. The Aortic valves
are the sigmoid valves at the origin of the aorta,
<fec.
Aorti'tis, gen. Aorti'tidis, Inflamma'tio Aor'tm,
{aorta and itis.) Inflammation of the aorta.
Aor'tron, {aoprpov, same etymon as Aorta.) A
lobe of the lungs.
Ao'tus, (a, and ous, gen. wroj, 'an ear.') A
monster devoid of ears.
Ap, as a prefix, in composition, see Ad, and Apo.
Apag'ma, gen. Apag'matis, Apocl(is'm(i,{aTrayiia,
from <tpo, and ayw, 'I remove.') Separation, ab-
duction. Separation of a fractured bone.
ApagO'ge, (aTrayiDyri, from apo, and ayut, *I
lead.') Defecation, Inductio.
Apalach'ine, Ilex vomitoria — a. d Feuillea de
Prunier, Prinos — a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria.
Apal'lagd, {anaWayri, from aTraAXarrw. 'I get rid
of,') Apallax'is. Mutation, change. It is gener-
ally taken in a good sense, and means the change
from disease to health.
Apallax'is, {aitaWn^n,) Apallage.
Apalot'ica, (aTraAori??, ' softness, tenderness.')
Fortuitous lesions or deformities affecting the
soft parts. The first order in the class Tychica,
of Good.
Apanthe'sis, {airav^ii,) Apanthismus.
Apanthism'uS, Apanthe'sis, {aTTav&iafiOi, from
apo, and avOeu), ' I flower.') The obliteration of
parts previously inservient to useful purposes, as
of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus,
which are essential to foetal existence, but are
subsequently unnecessary. See also Stuprum.
Apauthro'pia, ( aTravSpuma, from apo, and
«i*&pwTOj, 'man.') Detestation of man; desire for
solitude. One of the symptoms of hypochon-
driasis.
Apaphrism'ua, {apo, and a<ppoi, ' froth.') De-
spumation.
' Aparach'ytum. Vi'num, {airapaxvTo^ (oivoi), from
a, and napaxvu), ' I pour over.') The purest wine :
that which has not been mixed with sea-water.
Apari'nfi, {anapivri,) Galium aparine — a. Ilis-
pida, Galium aparine.
Aparthro'sis, {ap, and ap^pou), 'I articulate,')
Diarthrosis.
Ap'athy, Apathi'a, Ameli'a, (ana^tia, from a,
and rra^oj, ' affection,') (F.) Apathie. Accidental
suspension of the moral feelings. It takes place
in very severe diseases, particularly in malignant
fevers.
Apeche'ma, gen. Apeche'matis, {avrjxnfifi, from
apo, and rixug, 'sound.') Properly the action of
reflecting sound. In medicine it is synonymous
with the Latin Contrafissura, a counter-fissure, a
counter-blow.
Apectoceph'alus, Acephalothorus.
Apel'la, Appel'la, Leipoder'mos, Eecuti'tua, (a,
and pellis, ' skin,' or more properly, perhaps, from
a circumcised Jew, among the Romans, called
Apella.) One whose prepuce does not cover the
glans. Retraction or smallness of any other soft
appendage. One who is circumcised.
Apep'sia, (a, and Trenrttv, 'to digest.') Dys-
pepsia.
Ape'rient, Ape'riena, Aperiti'vns, Aper'tive,
{aperio, — ab and pario, — 'I bring forth,' 'I
open.') Res'erana. A laxative. (F.) Aperitif.
A medicine which gently opens the bowels. The
term had formerly a much more extensive signi-
fication, and, like Cnta/yt'icum, was given to a
substance supposed to have the power of open-
ing any of the passages, and even the blood-
vessels.
Ape'rient, Seltzer, Tarrant's Effervescing, see
Seltz.
Aperis'taton, Aperia'tatwm, {aTTepiararov, from
a, and nepitrrrifu, ' I surround.') An epithet for an
ulcer not dangerous nor considerable nor sur-
rounded by inflammation.
Aperitif, {aperio, ' I open,') Aperient.
Aperiti'vuB, Aperient.
Ap'ertive, Aperient.
Aper'tor Oc'uli, Levator palpebras superioris.
Aperto'rium. An instrument for dilating the
OS uteri during labor.
Apertu'ra, Mouth — a. Anterior ventriculi
tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri) — a. Exterior cana-
lis inguinalis. Inguinal ring — a. Interior cana-
lis inguinalis, see Inguinal canal — a. Pelvis
superior, see Pelvis — a. Uterina, see Tube, Fallo-
pian.
Apeuthys'nieilOS, {antv^vafttvoi, from aittv^ewuv,
' to straighten,') Rectum.
A'pex, gen. A'picis, Mu'cro. The point or ex-
tremity of a part, — as the apex of the tongue,
heart, nose, <fcc.
A'pex Beat, see Heart — a. Linguae, Pro-
glossis.
Aph, as a prefix, see Apo.
Apha'cia, Aphakia.
Aphae'resis, {a(i>aipeaii;.) Aphercsis, Extirpation.
Apha'gia, {a, and 0ayw, ' I eat.') Inability to
swallow.
Apha'kia, (a, and (f>aKri, 'a grain of lentil,' hence
(paicoq, ' the lens,') Apha'cia. An anomalous state of
refraction caused by the absence of the crystalline
lens, as after operations for cataract. The remedy
is in the use of powerful convex lenses.
Aphalangi'asis, (a, and (f^dXay^, gen. (pa^ayyoSf
'a phalanx.') The fourth stage of Oriental lep-
rosy, which is recognized chiefly by a gangrenous
condition of the fingers.
Apha'sia, (a^j^crt a, from a, and ^17/it, 'to eay,')
Aphe'mia, Ala'Lia, Asymbo'lia, { F. ) Aphaaie.
Speechlessness. The term is now almost entirely
restricted to that form of partial or complete
speechlessness which is of cerebral origin. Apha-
sia may result from passive congestion of tho
brain, from apoplexy or softening of the brain
from embolism, or from pressure of a foreign
growth. It may occur alone or be accompanied
by hemiplegia, usually on the right side of the
body.
It has been proposed to assign a more pre-
cise terminology for the various forms of defec-
tive speech: — Alog"ia, Io^js of speech from
defective intellection ; Anme'sia, Amne'sic or Ain-
nemon'ic Aphasia, from defective memory of
words; Aphe'mia, from defect in the special fac-
ulty of language, the patient being able to *Jiiuk
70
APHASIC
APIOL
and write but not to speak; Ala'lia, from de-
fective articulation ; — Aphasia being restricted to
those who can think, but cannot speak or write,
while Agraph'ia includes those who can think and
speak, but cannot write.
Apha'sio. One affected with aphasia.
Apfiasie, Aphasia.
AphaSSOm'enos, {atpaamntvo^, from aipaaco), * I
touch, I feel.') The touching of the parts of gen-
eration of the female as a means of diagnosis. See
Ksaphe.
Aph'edra, {act>tdpa, from aph, and e6pa, ' a seat.')
Anus, Lasanum.
Aphed'ria, (atpeSpeia,) Menses.
Aph'edron, Anus, Lasanum.
Apheli'a, {a<pe^(la, from a(pt>7f, 'simple.') Sim-
plicity. The simple manners of the sect of Meth-
odists in teaching and practising medicine.
Aphelx'ia, (a^tXx'w, * I abstract.') Voluntary-
inactivity of the whole or the greater part of the
external senses to the impressions of surrounding
objects, during wakefulness. Bev'et-y, (F.) He-
verie. Dr. Good has introduced this into his
Nosology, as well as Aphelx'ia so'cora or absence
of mind. — A. inten'ta or abstraction of mind;
and A. otio'sa, Stu'dium ina'ne, Cenospu' dia, brown
study or listless musing.
Aphe'mia, (a, and 0>7/«, ' I say.') See Aphasia.
Aphepse'lUa, gen. Aphepse'matis, (a^£i//9/ia, from
aph, and expsiv, * to boil,') Decoction.
Aphep'sis, (o(^£\J/<s,) Decoction,
Aphe'resis, Aphse'resis, {aijjaipsais, from aipaipsoj,
* I take away.') An operation by which any part
of the body is separated from the other. Hip-
pocrates, according to Foesius, uses the expres-
sion Aphse'resia San' guinia for excessive hemor-
rhage; and Sennertus, to express the condition
of an animal deprived both of the faculties of the
mind and of the mind itself.
Aph'esis, {oupsai^, from aftrjiit, 'I relax.') A
remission. This word expresses sometimes the
diminution or cessation of a disease; at others,
languor and debility of the lower extremities.
See Languor, and Remission.
Aphilan'thropy, Aphilanthro'pia, (a, <t>i\tu>, *I
love,' and av^pfano^, ' a man.') Dislike to man.
Love of solitude. Vogel has given this name to
the first degree of melancholy.
Aphiste'sis, {cuptcrrifit, ' to remove,' from aph,
and larvfii, 'to place.') Abscess.
Aphodeam'a) gen. Aphodenm'atis, {cupoSevfia,)
Excrement.
Aph'odus, (a^o(5os, from aph, and 'o^s, *a way,')
Excrement.
Aphone't.us, {a^imwroi,) Aphonus.
Apho'nia, (a^wvta,) Liga'tio lin'giise, Loque'la
ahot' ita, Defec'tns loqne'lee, Dyspho'nia (of some),
Aph'ony, (F.) Aphonic, Perte de la Voix, {a, and
<^>^avr|, ' voice.') Privation of voice, or of the
sounds that ought to be produced in the glottis.
When aphonia forms part of catarrh or of ' cold,'
it is commonly of but little consequence; but
when produced by causes acting on the nervous
system, as by some powerful emotion, or without
any appreciable lesion of the vocal apparatus,
Laryngopnralyais, Apho'nia paralytica, it fre-
quently resists all remedies.
Apho'nia, Catalepsy — a. Paralytica, see Apho-
nia — a. Surdorum, Mutitas surdorum.
Apho'iiious, Aphonus.
Apho'nus, (a</)wi«s,) Apho'nicua; Apho'netus,
Apho'itic. Relating to aphonia.
Aph'ony, Aphonia.
Aphor'ia, {cupopia, from a, and (pepuv, 'to bear,')
Sterilitas. '
Aphor'ions, Sterile.
Aphor'mdt (aipopfiri, 'occasion.') The external
and manif<i«t cause of any thing. The occasional
tfause of a disease.
Aph'oruB, see Aphoria, Sterile.
Aphro'des, {aippwSrjs, 'frothy,* from a^/wj,
' foam,' and odea.) Applied to the blood and the
excrements.
Aphrodis'ia, {a<i>po5iaia,) Coition, Puberty.
Aphrodis'iac, Aphrodiai' acua, (A.<i>po6iTn, ' Ve-
nus,') (F.) Aphrodisiaque. Medicine or food be-
lieved to be capable of exciting to the pleasures
of love: as ginger, cantharides, Ac. They aro
generally stimulants.
Aphrodisi'acus, {a<ppo6i<TiaKOf,) Venereal.
Aphrodisias'mus, {aippo^taiaaijios,) Coition.
Aphrodisiog'rapliy, {A(ppo6irv, 'Venus,' and
ypacpw, ' I describe.') Etymologically, this term
means a description of the pleasures of love, but
it has been placed at the head of a work describ-
ing the venereal disease.
Aphrodit'ic, Venereal.
Aphrog'ala, gen. A'phrogalac'tia, {a^poyaXa,
from a(ppoi, 'foam,' and yaAa, 'milk,') Lac apnmo'-
aum. A name formerly given to milk rendered
frothy by agitation.
Aphro'nia, (a, and ^v, 'mind,') Apoplexy.
Aphroni'trum, {a^os, 'foam/ and virfiov, 'ni-
tre,') Natrum, Soda.
Aphros'yne, (a^poawi?,) Delirium, Insanity.
Aph'tha, sing, of Aphthae.
Aph'thae, Aph' tie, Ap'thse, {airru}, 'I inflame,')
Thrush or aore mouth, Aph'tha lactu'cimen sen in-
fan'tum, Lactu'cimen, Lactucim'ina, Lactu'mina,
Al'colse, Em'phlysis aph'tha, Ul'cera aerpen'tia
o'ris, Pua'tula o'ria, Fe'bria aphtho'aa, Angi'na
aphtho'aa, Vesic'ulse gingiva' rum, Stomati'tia exau-
dati'va seu vesiculo' aa infan'tum, Stomap'yru, S.
aph'tha, Prunel'la, Veaic'ular Stomati'tia, White
Thrush, Jlilk Thrush, Soor. Aphthae consist of
roundish, pearl-colored vesicles, confined to the
lips, mouth, and intestinal canal, and generally
terminating in curd-like sloughs. In France, the
Aphthae of children, Aphthea des En/ana, is called
Muguet, Millet, Blanchet, Catarrhe buccal, and
Stomatite crhneuse pultacee, Thrush Fungus, Pulta'-
ceous injiamma' tion of the mouth ; and generally
receives two divisions — the mild or discreet, (F.)
Muguet benin ou discret, and the malignant, (F.)
Muguet molin ou conjiueut, the Black Thrush.
Common Thrush is a disease of no consequence,
requiring merely the use of absorbent laxatives.
The malignant variety, which is rare, is of a more
serious character, and is accompanied with ty-
phoid symptoms, — Ty'phna aphtho'idena.
A microscopic vegetable growth has been found
in aphthae ; and the disease was, thence, called
by Grupy, of Vienna, Aphthoph'yton.
Aph'tha Adulto'kum, Stomatitis, aphthous —
a. Praeputii, Herpes prseputii — a. Serpentes,
Cancer aquations.
Aph'tkapliyte5 Aphthoph'yton, Aphthoph'yton,
O'id'iuiu alb' icons, Chatnpiguon du Muguet, (^aph-
thse, and <1>vtov, ' a vegetable.') A parasitic vege-
table growth observed in aphthae. See Aphthae.
Aphthes Gangreneusc, Cancer aquaticus — o.
des Enfana, Aphthae.
AphtheiiiK, Aphthous.
Aphtho'des, Aphlho'idca, Aphtho'ideua (from
aphthie, and odes.) Aphthous-like, belonging to
aphthae.
Aphthoph'yton, Aphthaphyte, see A])hthae.
Aph'thous, Aphtho'sus, (F.) Aphthiiijc. Be-
longing to aphthae; complicated with aphthaj; as
Aphthous Fever.
Apias'trum, (from apis, 'a bee,') Melissa.
Ap'ioeS (pi. of opex) Corporum Caverno.'^o-
rum Penis, see Cavernous bodies — a. Crunuu
medulho oblongata?. Corpora striata — a. Digito-
rum pupuho, see Apex.
Apilep'sia, {opo, and >>7*/"s. from Xaftfiavu, *I
take," — ' a seizure,') Apoplexy.
A'pinoid Can'cer, (from ajru'iys,' free from dirt,')
see Napiform.
A'piol, Apio'lum, Para' ley oil, {apium, ' pars-
APIONTA
APOCYNUM
71
\qj,' and oleum, ' oil.') A yellowish, oily liquid, [
obtained from apium petroaeiinum or partsley,
which, in the dose of 15 grains, has been used as
an antiperiodic ; also, in certain forma of amen-
orrhoea and dysmenorrhoea.
Apion'ta, {uTriovTa, from ana^i, '1 go away,')
Bee Excretion.
A'pios,(an-tof,) Apios tuberosa, Pyrus communis.
A'pios TuBERo'sA, Glyci'ne Apios, Ground nut.
Wild bean, Sagaban. The root is used as food
by the Indians of Northwestern America.
A'pis, Bee.
Api'tes, {aniTTtg, from amov, '& pear,') Perry.
A'pium, {uKiov,) A. graveolens — a. Ammi, Am-
mi — a. Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — a. Carvi,
Carum.
A'piUM Grave'olens, A'pium Paluda'pium,
EleoseW num, Beli'num, Ses'eli grave'olens, Si'um
grave'olens seu a'pium, Small'age, (F.) Ache. Ord.
Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.
The plants, roots, and seeds are aperient and
carminative. Cel'ery is a variety of this.
A'pium Horten'sk, A. graveolens ■ — a. Monta-
num, Athamanta aureoselinum — a. Paludapium,
A. graveolens — a. Petraeum, Bubon macedoni-
cum.
A'pium Petroseli'num, A'pium horten'ae seu
vulga're, Gri'elum, Seli'num, Petroseli'num, Com' -
mon Pnrs'ley, (F.) Persil. The root — Petroaeii-
num, (Ph. U. S.) — and seeds are diuretic and
aperient. See Apiol.
A'pium Si'um, Slum nodiflorum — a. Vulgare,
A. graveolens.
Aplas'tio, Aplas'ticus, (a, and irXaaaii), ' I form.')
That which is not capable of forming; or is not
organizable.
Aplas'ttc El'ement, one which is unsuscep-
tible of any further amount of organization. —
Gerber.
Aples'tia, (anXtjaria, from a, and nXeot, ' I fill,')
Ingluvies, Intemperance.
Apleur'os, {anXevpos, from a, and TrXcvpov, 'a
rib.') One without ribs, or pleurae. The condi-
tion is Apleu'ria.
Aplot'omy, Aplotom'ia, (an-Aoof, ' simple,* and
TOfit], * incision.') A simple incision.
Apnee, Apnoea.
Apneumato'sis, (a, and n-vtu/iarow, * I distend
with wind,') see Atelectasis.
Apneum'ia, (a, and nvev^wv, 'lung.') A mon-
strosity in which there is absence of lungs.
Apneumoner'via, Apneumoneu'ria, (a, nvsviitav,
* lung,' and vevpov, ' nerve.') Want of nervous
action in the lungs.
Apneus'tia, {amevima,) Apnoea, Asphyxia.
Apneus'tus, Apnus.
Apnoe'a, {anvoia, from o, and m/cia, ' I respire,')
(F.) Apnee. Absence of respiration, Respira'tio
abol'ita; or insensible respiration. Also, Ortho-
pnoea. See Asphyxia.
Apnoe'a, Car'diac, Angina pectoris — a. Infan-
tum, Asthma thymicum — a. Neonatorum, see
Asphyxia.
Apnoeasphyx'ia, Asphyxia.
Apno'icus, Apnus.
Ap'nus, {airvooi;,) Apno'icus, Apneust'us. One
devoid of respiration. An epithet applied by
authors to cases in which the respiration is so
email and slow that it seems suspended. It is
probable, however, that the word was always ap-
plied to the patient, not to the disease.
A'po, {arto,) as a prefix denotes ' from, of, off,
out, out of.'
Apobam'ma, gen. Apobam'matis, (apo, and I3an-
Ttip, ' I wash,') Embamma.
Apobio'sis, {ano(3i(aais, from apo, and Piout, '1
live,') Death.
Apoble'ma, gen. Apoble'matis, (am^Xrifia, from
apo, and jSaAAw, ' I cast ofi','j Abortion.
Apob'ole, {anolioXr},) (same etymon,) Abortion,
Apobras'ma, gen. Apobras'matis, {ano^paofia,
from apo, and iSpaaaruv, ' to winnow,') Furfur.
ApOCapnis'inuS, {airoKanviapOi, from apo, and
Kanvoi, * smoke,') Fumigation.
ApocataS'tasis, {aTTOKaraaTaon, from airOKa^iaTrjixt,
' to re-establish,') Considentia, Restauratio.
Apocathar'sis, (oTOKa^apajs, from apo, and Ka-
^aipEiv, ' to purge,') Catharsis.
Apocathar'ticus, Cathartic.
Apoceno'sis, Aposceno'sis, {aTTOKevuttTii, from apo,
and Kevuais, ' evacuation.') A partial evacuation
according to some, in opposition to Cenosis, which
signifies a general evacuation. Cullen and Swe-
diaur apply it to morbid fluxes. See Abevacuatio.
Apoceno'sis Diabe'tes Mklli'tus, Diabetes —
a. Ptyalismus mellitus, see Salivation — a. Vomi-
tus pyrosis. Pyrosis.
Apochor'eou, {anoxopEo), * I go away from,')
Excrement.
Apochrem'ma, gen. Apochrem'matia, {ano^pepfia,
from apo, and xp^p^p^a, ' spit,') Sputum.
Apocbremp'sis, {amxpep^is,) Exspuition.
Apochylis'mus, Ajjochylis'ma, {apo, and Xv^oi,
'juice.') The expression of the juices of vege-
tables.
Apoch'yma, gen. Apochym'atis, (anoxew, ' I pour
out.') A sort of tar, obtained from old ships,
which is impregnated with chloride of sodium. It
was used as a discutient of tumors.
Apocin. Gobe-moucJie, Apocynum androsaemi-
folium.
Apoclas'ma, gen. Apoclasm'atis, (aTTOKXaarpa, from,
apo, and kXho), ' I break.') Abduction, Apagma.
Apocleis'is, (aTtOKXems, from cmoKXuu), ' I shut
out,') Asitia, Disgust.
Apocodei'a, see Codeia.
ApOC'ope, {arroKorrri, from apo, and kotttciv, * to
cut.') Abscission. A wound with loss of sub-
stance. Fracture with loss of part of a bone.
Amputation.
Apoc'opus, (amKOTTos,) Castratus.
Apoc'risis, {awKpiais, from anoKpivu), ' 1 sepa-
rate,') Contagion, Excrement, Secretion.
Apocrous'tic, pi. Apocrous'tica seu Ajiocrns'-
tica, {remed' ia,) (airoKpovaTiKa , from apo, and Kpovu,
'I push.') An astringent and repellent.
Apocrus'tica, Apocroustics.
ApOCye'siS, [a-noxvrimi, from apo, and kveui, *I
am pregnant,') Parturition.
Ap'ocyn, see Apocynum cannabinum.
Apoc"ynia, see Apocynum cannabinum.
Apoc"ynum Androsaemifo'lium, (Ph. U. S.,)
{aimKvvov, from apo, and Kvit>v, ' a d(^g,' because es-
teemed, of old, to be fatal to dogs,) Dog's liane,
Bitter Dog's Bane, Milk' weed, Bitter'root, Honey' -
bloom. Catch' fly, Fly' trap, Ip'eeac, Amer'ican
Ip'ecac, (F.) Apocin gobe-mouche, A. amer. Ord.
Apocynaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.
The root of this plant is found from Canada to
Carolina. Thirty grains evacuate tho stomach as
eff"ectually as two-thirds of the amount of Ipecac-
uanha, by which name it is known in various
parts of the Eastern States. It is in the secon-
dary list of the Pharmacopa'ia of the United
States.
Apoc"ynum Cannab'inum, (Ph. U. S.) lu'dtan
Hemp. The root of this American plant, which
possesses emetic, cathartic, diaphoretic, and diu-
retic properties, has been strongly recommended
in dropsy, and has been given in decoction, ^j.
boiled in three pints of water to two. A wine-
glassful for a dose. An active principle, Ap'ocyn
or Apoc"ynin, has been extracted from it.
Apoc"ynum Hypericefo'lium, a variety of A.
cannabinum, which, as well as A. androsajmifo-
lium, abounds in a milky juice. This, when ap-
plied to tho skin, produces a troublesome erup-
tion resembling flea-bites ; hence, the plants have
been termed, by the voyagenrs in the Hudson'!
Bay territory, Hcrbes cL la puce.
72
APOCYNUM
APOPHYADES
Apoc"ynum No'v^ An'gli^ Hirsu'tum, As- I
clopias tuberosa — a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosaj
— a. Scandens, Allamanda. j
Apcdacryt'icilS, Delackrymati'vus, {oiroSaKpvri-
KOi, from apo, and SaKpvta, * I weep.') A substance,
supposed to occasion a flow of the tears, and then
to arrest them.
Apodemiargia, Nostalgia. According to others,
the opposite to nostalgia, or a desire to leave
one's country ; (from wrolittnia, ' foreign travel,'
and a\yoi, * suffering.')
Apod'ia, {amka, from a, and tous, gen. to^, * a
foot.') Want of feet; hence Apoua or Apua, one
who has no feet.
Apodyte'rium, {anodvrripiov,) Coniste'rium, Spo-
Uato'rium, Spolia'rinm, {ano6vu>, ' I strip off.') The
ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves
in the ancient gymnasia.
Apogalactis'mus, {aTToyiiXoKTidnoi, from apo, and
ya\a^, gen. yaAa<crof, 'milk,') Weaning.
Apogalac'tOS, (cwoyaXafros,) Exuber.
Apogeus'is, {apo, and ytvaii, * taste,') Ageustia.
Apogeus'tia, Ageustia.
ApOglauCO'sis, (aTroyXaufWffts,) Grlaucosis.
Apo'gon, (uTruyui/. from a, and n-wywr, ' beard,')
Imberbis.
Apog'onum, {airoyovov, from apo, and yivoyiai, ' I
exist.') A living foetus in utero.
Ap'olar, see Neurine.
Apolep'isis, {apo, and Xeirtj, *a scale,') De-
squamation.
Apolepis'mus, Desquamation.
Apolep'sis, Apolep'sia, Apolip'sia, {amXriipig,
from amXan^avia, ' I retain.') Retention, sup-
pression. Also, Asphyxia.
Apolex'is, (aTOX»f|(f, from orroAijyo*, * I cease.')
Old age, decrepitude.
Apolino'sis, {ano\iv(i>ati, from apo, and \ivov, ' a
flaxen thread.') The mode of operating for fis-
tula in ano, by means of a thread of Homoli' non
or Li'iiiim cru'diun.
Apolip'sis, Apolepsis.
ApoUina'ris Alter'cum, Hyoscyamus.
Apolys'ia, Apol'ysis, {amXvais, from aTTo\v<j>, ' I
loosen.') Solution. Relaxation. Debility of
the limbs or looseness of bandages. Expulsion
of the foetus and its dependencies. Termination
of a disease.
Apomathe'ma, gen. Apomathe' matin, Apo-
mathe'sia, {aTrona^tjym, airoituSrimg, from apo, and
{lav^avca, 'I learn.') Forgetfulness of things
taught.
Apom'eli, («jro^At, from apo, and ^eXi, * honey.')
An oxyrael or decoction made of honey.
Apomor'phia or Apomor'phine. An alkaloid
prepared by the action of strong solution of hy-
drochloric acid, at a high temperature, upon
morphia, or by treating morphia with a solution
of chloride of zinc at 120° C. The chloride or
hydrochlorate of apomorphia, which is the salt
generally used, is a white, crystalline, soluble
powder, from which the base is readily separated
by solution in water, adding excess of bicarbonate
of sodium, extracting the precipitate with ether,
and shaking up the solution with a very small
Quantity of strong hydrochloric acid. It is a
direct emetic in the dose of gr. l-6th. It may
also ho administered hypodermically.
Apomyle'nas, (aKOiivXirai, from anoiivWatvu, 'I
make a wry mouth.') One who pushes his lips
forwards, pressing them against eaoh other. Oc-
casionally a symptom of nervous fevor.
Apomytho'sis, Ap<>mytto'Hin, {amfivnnut, * I
snore.') A disease in which there is stertor.
Aponeurog'rapliy,vl;joHeMrrt//ra';)/M'rt, (E.) Apo-
nioroqraphie, {<ipnneuron!a, and ypatfn}, *a do-
Bcri|)tion.') A description of the Aponeuroses.
Aponeurol'Ogy, Apone.uroloff"in, (F.) Apo-
thyrolitgie, (aponeuroait, and Xoyoi, *a disoour.«c,')
Aponeuroaioi' ogy. The anatomy of the aponeuroses.
Aponeurosiorogy , Aponeu'. ology.
Aponeuro'sis, (utowu/Xixtj?, ; Aponevro'aia, (npt^
and ftvpov, ' a nerve,') Pron^-oa' fio, Denerva'tto,
Enerva'tio, Expan'aio nervo'aa, (F.) Ap<nieu>ose,
Aponevroae. The ancieni,s called every white
part vtvpov, and regarded an aponeurosis as a
nervous expansion. The Aponeuroses are white,
shining membranes, very resisting, and compo-sed
of fibres interlaced. Some are continuous with
the muscular fibres, and differ only from tcndon.s
by their flat form. They are called Apoveuro'nes
of inaer'tion, (F.) Aponevroaea d' insertion, when
they are at the extremities of muscles, and attach
them to the bone; — Apoueuro'aea of interaec'tio)!.
(F.) Aponevroaea d'interaectioii, if they interrupt
the continuity of the muscle, and are continuous
on both sides with muscular fibres. Others sur-
round the muscle, and prevent its displacement :
they are called envel'opiny Aponeuro' aea, (F.;
Aponevroaea d'enveloppe.
Apcneuro'sis, Fascia — a. Crural, Fascia lata
— a. Epicrania, Galea aponeurotica capitis — a.
Femoral, Fascia lata — a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca.
Aponeurosi'tis, (from aponeuroaia, and itia.)
Inflammation of an aponeurosis.
Aponeurot'ic, Apoueurot'icua, (F.) Aponev-
rotique. What relates to Aponeuroses : — thus, we
say Aj>onenrotic eorpanaiori, Aponeurotic muacle, &c.
Aponeurot'omy, Aponenrotom'ia, (F.) Apo-
nivrotomie, {aponeurosis, and rtfivta, *I cut.";
Anatomy of aponeuroses.
Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the
division {debridement) of filaments, <fec., in apo-
neurotic openings, and for the section of fasciae.
Apone-m'Offraphie, Aponeurography.
Apoiievrologie, Aponeu rology.
Apon^vrose, Aponeurosis — a. Pediense, see
Pedal aponeurosis — a. Suj)erjicielle de l'Abdoru^j>
et de la Cnisxe, Fascia superticialis.
Aponevrosis, Aponeurosis.
Apotievrotique, Aponeurotic.
Apouevrotmnie, Aponeurotomy.
Apon'ia, {amvia, from a, and row?, 'pain.')
Freedom from pain.
Aponip'sis, {apo, and vinru, ' I wash,') Ablu-
tion.
Apopalle'sis, Apopal'aia, {anmaXXrtaii, from
oTTOTTaXXw, ' I throw off.') Expulsion. Protrusion.
Also, Abortion.
Apopal'sis, Apopallesis.
Apopate'ma, gen. Apopnte'matia, Apop'nthos,
Apop'atus, {aTWnaTrjfia, from opo, and rruTOS, 'dirt.')
The excrement, and the place where it is de-
posited.
Apophlegmat'isans per Nares, Errhine — a.
per Os, Sialagogue.
Apophlegmatisan ' tia, ApophUgmatiaon ' ta,
Apop/def/matia'iiii, {apo, and (pXeyfia, ' phlegm.')
Medicines which facilitate the upward expulsion
of mucus from the mucous membrane of the di-
gestive or air passages; as gargles, inasticato-
ries, &c.
Apophleg'matism, {aTm/pXtyixarurftoi,) ApopJileg-
matis'nnii'. The action of Apophlegmati.-^antia.
ApopMegmatis'mi, Apophlegmatisantia.
Apoph'rades, {ano^fin;, 'unlucky.') An epi-
thet applied to unlucky days, {diea uefandi.) Bays
on which a favorable change is not expected to
occur in a di.>*t'ase.
ApopllTax'is, {nnOippa^ii, from ano(ppaaa(a, 'I ob-
struct,') Ainenorrhoea.
Apophthar'ma, gen. Apophtharm'ntia, (amxp-
^apijta, from opo, and ^^t/pw, ' I corrupt.') Abor-
tion, as well as a medicine to procure abortion.
Apoph'thora, {am^opa, from ajrex^'-^afu, *I
miscarry,') Abortion.
Apophthor'ius, Abortive.
Apophy'ades, {airo<pva6ei, from apo, and (pvm,
' I .'Spring.') The ramifications of veins and arte-
ries.
APOPHYSAR
APOPLEXY
(6
Apoph'ysar, Apnphyna'ris, (F.) Apnphysaire.
Relating or appertaining to an apophysis.
A.pophyse, Apophysis — a. Baailaire, Basilary
process — a. EiKjahiunle ou vaginale, Vaginal
process — a. Petree, see Temporal bone — a. Py-
ramidale, see Teinporal bone.
Apophyses Epineuses, Spinous processes of
the vertebrae.
Apoph.'ysis, {ano^vais, from apo, and 0uw, * I
rise/) Ec'physls, Proces'aua, Appen'dix, Promi-
nen'tia oa'sia contin'ua, A 2y>'oc" ens of a bone, (F.)
Apophyse. When the apophysis is yet separated
from the body of the bone by intervening carti-
lage, it is called Epiph'yuis. The apophyses or
processes are, at times, distinguished by epithets,
expressive of their form: as A. styloid, A. cor<t-
eoid, &o. Others are not preceded by the word
apophysis; as Trochanter, Tuberosity, <fcc.
Apoph'ysis of Ingras'sias is a term applied to
the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone.
Apoph'ysis Mammilla'his, Mastoid process —
a. of Rau, Gr^Ie apophyse du Marteau; see Mal-
leus — a. Zygotnatica, Zygomatic process.
Apopies'ma, gen. Apopiesm'atis, {ammieaiia, from
cmoTTu^uj, 'I compress.') Hippocrates uses the
term to signify a fancied expression or forcing
out of humors by the application of bandages in
wounds and fractures.
Apoplane'sis, {aTTonXavrjcrii, from apo, andnXavaoi,
*I lead astray.') Error loci.
Apoplec'tic, {anaizXtjKTtKOi,) Apoplec'ticus. Re-
ferring to Apoplexy. This word has various sig-
nifications. It is applied, 1. To individuals la-
boring under apoplexy : 2. To remedies proper
for combating apoplexy : 3. To the constitution,
temperament, or make, Architectu'ra ajjoplec'tica,
Hab'itus apoplec'ticus seu quadra'tus seu toro'siis,
which predisposes to it, and, 4. To the symptoms
which characterize apoplexy ; as Apoplectic sleep,
A. stroke, A. stertor, &o. The jugular veins have
also, by some, been called Apoplectic veins, Venae
apoplec' ticse.
Apoplec'tic Ckll, Fo'cua apoplec'ticus. A
cavity remaining in the encephalon, alter efl'usion
of blood and its subsequent absorption.
Apoplec'ticus, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic.
Apoplec'tiform, Apoplectiform' is, Apoplec' toid,
Apoplectdi' des, {^apoplexy, and fornia, 'form.')
Resembling apoplexy.
Apoplec'toid, {apoplexy, and tihos, ' resem-
blance,') Apoplectiform.
Apoplex'ia, Apoplexy — a. Catalepsia, Cata-
lepsia — a. Cerebralis, see Apoplexy — a. Cerebri,
see Apoplexy — a. ChoroiUea, see Choroid — a.
Cordis, llaemocardiorrhagia — a. Haemorrhagica,
Bee Apoplexy — a. Hepatica, Hepatorrhagia — a.
Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus iuternus — a. In-
terarachuoidealis, Apoplexy, meningeal — a. In-
termeningealis. Apoplexy, meningeal — a. Medul-
laris, Apoplexia myelitica — a. Meuingaja, Apo-
plexy, meningeal.
Apoplex'ia Myelit'ica, A. IfeduUa'ris seu
Spina'lis seu Rachia' lis, Hiemorrhayia sjnnolls,
Hsemor' rhachis, Myelorrhafia, Myelapoplex'ia,
Spinal Hvehiorrhaye, (F.) Apoplexie de la Moelle
tpiniire, Hemorrharjie de la Moelle ^piniirc, He-
matomyelie, Heiuoinyelorrhagie, Hcniatorrhachie.
Hemorrhage into the spinal marrow.
Apoplex'ia Neuvo'sa, Apoplexy, nervous — a.
Nervosa traumatica. Concussion of the brain — a.
Oculi, Haemophthalmia — a. Pituitosa, see Apo-
plexy — a. Pulmonalis, see Haemoptysis — a. Pul-
monum, see Haemoptysis — a. Rachialis, A. mye-
litica — a. Renalis, Apoplexy, renal — a. Sanguinea,
Bee Apoplexy — a. Serosa, see Apoplexy — a. Sim-
plex, Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spasmodica, Apo-
plexy, nervous — a. Spinalis, Apoplexia myelitica
— a. Temulenta, see Temulentia.
Apoplexie, Apoplexy — a. Capillaire, Molli-
tiea cerebri — a. Cerebrale, Apoplexy, Hemor-
rhagie c^r^brale — a. du Coeur, Haemocardior-
rhagia.
Apoplexie Foudroyante, ('Thundering Apo-
plexy.') A form of apoplexy, which is intense
and rapidly fatal.
Apoplexie Mrningee, Apoplexy, meningeal — •
a, de la Moelle Epivi^re, Apoplexy, spinal.
Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia, (Sc.) Poplesy, (am-
nhj^ia, from anon}.j]T7ei.v, 'to strike with violence.')
At the present day, the term apoplexy is em-
ployed by many writers to signify interstit"iol
hem'orrhtge, (F.) Hemorrhagie interstitieUe, or
every effusion of blood which occurs suddenly
into the substance of an organ or tissue. Hence,
we speak of cerebral apoplexy, pulmonary apo-
plexy, <fec., &c. Formerly it was always — and
still is by many — used in a restricted sense, to
signify, in other words, the train of phenomena
which characterize cerebral apoplexy.
Apoplexy and cerebral hemorrhage were for-
merly described as synonymous conditions, under
the names, Cer'ebral Hem' orrhage, Sauguin'eoua
Apoplexy, Hi!nnorrhag"ia Cer'ebri, Aphro'nia,
Ca' rus Apoplex' ia, Co'ma ApojAex'ia, Ajioplex'ia
cer'ebri eaiigiiin'en seu cerebra'lis seu haemor-
rhagica, Eucephalorrhag"ia, San'guinis ic'tus,
Hsematenceiih' alum, Pulpez'ia, Sidera'tio, A2n-
leps'ia, Mor'bus atton'itus, Gttt'ta, Thcople'giay
Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie, A. cerebrale, Ueiiia-
toencephalie, Coup> de sang, characterized by
diminution, or loss of sensation and mental mani-
festation ; by the cessation, more or less complete,
of motion; and by a comatose state, — circula-
tion and respiration continuing. It generally
consisted in pressure upon the brain; either
from turgescence of vessels, or from extravasa-
tion of blood : hence the terms Hiunenceph'alus,
Hemorrhagie cerebrale, and HeiiK/encephalor-
rhagie, applied to it by some. Cerebral apoplexy
may occur, however, without any intracranial
extravasation of blood, although there is usually
some disease of the cerebral bloodvessels, and
cerebral hemorrhage may not be attended wit^h
apoplectiform phenomena. Apoplexy rather
denotes a comatose condition resulting from pres-
sure on the brain, from any cause within the
cranium, which tends to produce cerebral con-
gestion, such as the immoderate use of stimu-
lants, degeneration of the nervous and vascular
structures, valvular disease of the heart, <fec. The
term Congestive Ajyoplcvy has been applied to those
cases in which hyper;omia of the brain or its
medibranes is found after death.
The general prognosis is unfavorable, especially
when it occurs alter the age of 35. "When Apoplexy
is accompanied with a hard, full pulse, and flushed
countenance, it is called Apoplex'ia sanguin'ea,
Cataph'ora Co'ma; when with a feeble pu'lse and
pale countenance, and evidences of serous effu-
sion, Apoplex'ia sero'sa, A. pituito'sa, Se'roua
Ap'oplexy, Cataph'ora hydrocephal'ica, Encej)ha~
loch' y sis seni'lis, Hydroceph' alus ucu'tus se'ruviy
Profu'sio Se'ri in Cer'ebro, (F.) IIydro'encej)h alor-
rhee of Piorry, Hydropisie cerebrale suraigne, Hy-
drorrhagie. Embolic Apoplexy, Ajjopleitform
cerebral embolism, results from the plugging up
of the cerebral vessels with embolia, an aiauiia
condition of the brain thus resulting from insuf-
ficient blood supply.
In Nerv'oiia Ap'o2)lexy, Apoplex'ia nervo'sa seu
spasmod'ica, A. siin'p/ex, Sim'ple ap'oplexy, nc
lesion wnatever may be perceptible on disseclion;
although the patient may have died under all the
phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy.
Ap'oplexy, Cho'uoid, see Choroid — a. Con-
gestive, see Apoplexy — a. Embolic, see Apoplexy
— a. Gouty, Gout, cerebral — a. Heat, see Corp-'
de-Solell — a. of the Heart, Haemocardiorrha^ia
— a. Intrameningeal, see Intrameuingcal — a. of
the Liver, Liver, apoplexy of.
74 APOPLEXY
APOTHEME
Ap'oplexy, Mektinge'al, Apoplex'ia mevinrjfpJa
«eu meninge' alia seu iuiermeningea'lis seu intera-
rachno'idea' lis, (F.) Apople.xie ntenivgee, Hemor-
rhagie miningSe. Hemorrhage from the meninges
of the brain or spinal marrow, generally into the
great cavity of the arachnoid.
Ap'opLExr, Ner'vous, see Apoplexy — a. Ova-
rian, see Htematooele, pelvic — a. Pulmonary, see
Huemoptysis.
Ap'oplexy, Re'nal, Apoplex'ia rena'lis. A
condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty,
irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep
black color. Effusion of blood into the substance
of the kidney.
Ap'oplexy, Ret'inal, Retinitis apoplectica —
a. Rheumatic, Rheumatism, Cerebral — a. San-
guineous, see Apoplexy — a. Serous, see Apo-
plexy — a. Simple, A. nervous — a. Spinal, Apo-
plexia myelitica.
ApopneUS'is, {amnvevcni, from apo, and nveu, *I
breathe,') Exhalatio.
Apopnix'is, {apo, and wtyw, * I strangle,') Suf-
focation.
Apop'noS, {amirvori, from apo, and nveta, *I
breathe,') Exspiratio.
ApopncB'a, (anwrwia,) Exspiratio.
Apopsyoh'ia, {apo, and xpvxn, *the breath of
life,') Syncope.
Apopto'sis, (aroTiTWffiff, from aTronnrTU), *I fall
down.') A relaxation of bandages.
Aporrhino'sis, {apo, and ^v, 'the nose.') A
discharge from the nose.
Apor'rhoe, {airoppor],) Aporrhoea.
AporrhOB'a, Apor'rhoe, Apor'rhysis, JDe/lu'vium,
{anopsia, from arroppeu), ' I flow from.') An emana-
tion, effluvium, contagion. A falling off of the
hair, according to some.
Apor'rhysis, (arrop/Joo-^j,) Aporrhoea.
ApOSCem'ma, gen, Aposcem'matis, Aposcep'sis,
{anojKijufia, from anooKrinTU), ' I lie down, I direct
myself towards.') Afflux of fluids towards a
part. Metastasis. The first word has been ap-
plied to the excrements.
Aposceno'sis, Apocenosis.
Aposcepamis'mus, Deaada'tio, {aTroGKeirapvKrjxos,
from apo, and aKcrapvov, ' a hatchet.') Wound of
the cranium, by a cutting instrument, in which a
piece of the bone has been cut out, as with a hatchet.
Aposcep'sis, {ajmaKrj^l/is,) Aposcemma.
ApOS'chasis, (an-offXaats,) Apoachas' mus , {airoa-
Xa^(o, * I scarify.') Scar ijicn' lion. A slight su-
perficial incision in the skin. Also, blood-letting.
Apos'ia, Si'tla defec'tua, {a, and iroan, 'drink.')
Want of thirst, absence of desire for liquids.
Aposit'ia, {anomna, from apo, and atroj, * food.')
Aversion for food. See Disgust.
Aposit'io, Apoait'icua, {aJroairiKos.) Any sub-
stance' which destroys the appetite, or suspends
hunger.
Apospas'ma, gen. Apoapasm'atia, {aamanaafia,
from a7ro(nra(j), ' I tear or lacerate,') (F.) Arrache-
ment. A solution of continuity, especially of a
ligament,* Rheg'ma lig amenta' ri, Lacera'tio liga-
ments' ria.
Apospas'tic, Derivative.
Aposphacel'isis, {airofppaKeXicn, from apo, and
a(paKcXoi, ' mortification.') Gangrene in wounds and
fractures, owing to the bandages being too tight.
Aposphinz'is, {cmoafiy^ii, 'constriction, com-
pression.') The action of a tight bandage.
ApOSpongis'mus, {a-mamyyianoi.) The act of
sponging for any purpose.
Apostalag'ma, gen. Apoatalag'matia, Apoatag'-
tna, {apo, -and araXal^ui, ' I drop.') The ancient
name for the saccharine liquor which flows from
grapes when not yet pressed.
ApOS'tasis, {amxrraaii, from apo, and larriiii, ' 1
stop.') The ancients had different significations
for this word. It was most commonly used for
%n abscess. The separation of a fragment of bone
by fracture. Removal of disease by some excre-
tion, etc.
ApOStax'iS, {anoara^is, from amara^u, ' I distil
from.') Staxia. The defluxion of any humor, as
of blood from the nose.
Apos'tem, Abscess, see Apostema.
Aposte'ma, gen. Apoate'malia, Apoa'tem, {inroa-
TTifxa, from apo, and larnfit, ' I settle,' or a(ptarr}itt,
' I recede from.') This word is used by the an-
cients somewhat vaguely. It meant an aflection
in which parts, previously in contact, are sep-
arated from each other by a fluid collected between
them. The moderns regard it as synonymous
with Ah'aceaa. Some, even of the moderns, have
applied it to any watery tumor, and even to tu-
mors in general.
Aposte'ma Cer'ebri, Encephalopyosis — a. Em-
pyema, Empyema — a. Parulis, Parulis — a. Pha-
languin, Fourche — a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess.
Apostema'cion, Abscess.
ApOStema'tion, {anoarrmaTiov,) Apostema' tium,
(dim. of Apostema.) A small abscess.
Aposterig'ma, gen. Apioaterig'matia, {anoarri-
ptyna, from arroarripi^u), *I support.') Anything
that supports a diseased part, as a cushion, a pil-
low, <fcc. A deep-seated and inveterate disease
of the intestines.
Apos'thia, Leipoder'mia, (a, and Tmrdia, 'pre-
puce.') Want of prepuce.
Apos'thume, Abscess. See Apostema.
Apostole, Extractum.
Apostolo'rum Unguen'tnin, BodecapTiar'ma-
cum, Oint'ment of the Apoa'tlea. So called, be-
cause as many solid ingredients entered into its
composition as there were apostles. It contained
several resins and gum-resins, yellow wax, oil,
vinegar, verdigris, etc., and was formerly em-
ployed as a vulnerary.
Apos'trophe, {unoaTpocpri, from apo, and arpeipu,
' I turn.') An aversion or disgust for food. Also,
the direction of humors towards other parts.
Aposyr'ma, gen. Apoayrm' atis, {amavpixa, from
apo, and orrpo), ' I tear.') Abrasion, Desquamation.
Apoteles'ma, gen. Apoteleam'atia, {a-mriXtaiia,
from apo, and reXeafia, ' completion.') The result
or termination of a disease. See, also, Amu-
lectum.
Apotex'is, (arroTvfjs,) Tabes.
Apotliana'sia, {ajjo, and ^avaros, * death.') See
Death.
Apothe'ca, {airo^rjK?],) Pharmace'um, Pharmaco-
po'lium, {apo, and riBrmi, 'to place.') Any place
where things are kept, and therefore * a snop,'
and particularly a wine cellar. A place or vessel
wherein medicines are kept. See Pharmacopo-
lium.
Apoth'ecaries' Hall. The Hall of the Cor-
poration or Society of Apothecaries of London,
where medicines are prepared and sold under
their direction, Ac. This Company obtained a
charter of incorporation in the 16th year of James
the First. No general practitioner can establish
himself in England or Wales, without having ob-
tained a license from the Court of Examiners of
the Company.
Apoth'ecary, Apotheca'riua, Diapenaa'tor, PhnV'
macopo'la, Pharviacopce'tia, Pharma'ceua, Phar-
maceiU'a, Con/ectiona' riua, Pharmac'ter, Phariiia-
cur'gicua, Pharmacur'gua, Pharmaceut' iat, (Prov.)
Pot'ecary, (So.) Pottingar, (F.) Apothicaire, Phnr-
macien, Pharmacopole. In every country except
Great Britain, Apothecary means one who sells
drugs, makes up prescriptions, &c. In addition
to these offices, which, indeed, they rarely exer^
cise, except in the case of their own patients, the
Apothecaries in England form a privileged class
of practitioners — a kind of sub-physician. See
Surgeon-apothecary.
Apothf^uie, (from anortSt/fH, ' to deposit,' — apo,
and Ti^ijiii, *1 put,') Oxidized extractive, (F.)
APOTIIERAPEIA
APPETITE
75
Exlractif oxyghxi. A deposit which forms, when
an extract is redissolved in water, or when vege-
table solutions are boiled with access of air.
Apotb.erapei'a, ( aiTo^ipa'!rtia, ) Apotherapj'a,
Apotherapeus'is, {arro&eiiancvut, from ano, and 5-£/ja-
wevu), ' 1 cure.') A perfect cure. In the ancient
Gymnastics, it meant the last part of the exer-
cises : — the friction, inunction, and bathing, for
the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis-
ease.
Apotherapeus'is, {ano&epaTrcvaig,) Apotherapeia.
Apother'mum, {aTm&epnov, from npo, and ^epfir},
*heat.') A pickle made of mustard, oil, and
vinegar.
Aooth'esis, {arro&eaii,) {a-noTi^rim, '1 put up.')
The position proper to be given to a fractured
limb, after reduction.
A.pothicatre, Apothecary.
Apothicairerie (F.). The same as Apotheca;
also, a gallipot. See Pharmacopolium.
Apothlirn'ma, gen. Apothlim' matia, {aTro^\ififia,
from apo, and SXi^ia, ' I press from.') Anciently,
the dregs, and sometimes the expressed juice,
Suc'cus expres'siiSf of plants.
ApOthraUS'is, {ano^pavcru, from aTTO&paua), * I
break.') Fracture of a bone, with spicula re-
maining. Extraction of a spiculum of bone. Also,
Abscission.
Apotil'mus, {amTi,X(tos, from apo, and tiAAw, *I
pluck.') Evulsion.
Apot'okus, (amTOKo^f from apo, and roKoco, ' I
bring forth.') An abortive foetus.
Apot'om^y (anoToiir), from apo, and to/jliJ} 'in"
cision.') Amputation.
Apotom'ia, {anoToina,) Amputation.
Apotropse'um, {a-norponaiov, from apo, and rpensiv,
*to turn.') Amuletum.
Apot'rope, {anoTpoirn,) Aversion. Also, devia-
tion — as of a limb, Farat'rope.
Apoxys'mus, {ano^vafios, from apo, and |uw, * I
rasp.') Abrasion.
Ap'ozem, Apoze'ma, {ano^Eixa, from ajio, and few,
* I boil.') Decoction.
Apozdrne, Decoction.
Apoz'esis, (avo^etris,) Decoction.
Appara'tus, gen. Appara'tus, Paraaceu'e, {ap,
and parare, ' to prepare.') This word signifies a
collection of instruments, &c., for any operation
whatever. (F.) Appareil.
In Surgery, it means the methodical arrange-
ment of all the instruments and objects necessary
for an operation or dressing. By extension, the
French give the name Appareil, Cap'sa chirur'gica,
to the case or drawers in which the apparatus is
arranged.
Apparatus has likewise been applied to the dif-
ferent modes of operating for the stone. See
Lithotomy.
In Physiology, Apparatus, (F.) Appareil, is
applied to a collection of organs, all of which
work towards the same end. A system of organs
comprehends all those formed of a similar tex-
ture. An apparatus often comprehends organs
of very different nature. In the former, there is
analogy of structure; in the latter, analogy of
function.
Appara'tus Al'tus, see Lithotomy.
Appara'tus Immov'able, (F.) Appareil immo-
htle ou inamovible, Immovable Band' age, Per'ma-
Hent Band' age, Band' <uje splint. An apparatus for
fractures, which is generally formed by wetting
the bandage in some substance, as starch [Gollo-
dea'mus), which becomes solid, and retains the
parts in situ.
Appara'tus Latera'lis, see Lithotomy — a.
Ligamentosus colli, see Occipito-axoid articula-
tion — a. Major, see Lithotomy — a. Minor, see
Lithotomy — a. Urinary, Urinary organs — a.
Uropoeticus, Urinary organs.
Appareil, Apparatus, Boitier — a. Dlapnoglne,
see Perspiration — a. Grand, see Lithotomy — a.
Haut, see Lithotomy — a. Immobile, Apparatus,
immovable — a. Inamovible, Apparatus, immov-
able — a. Lacrymal, see Lachrymal passages — a.
Lateralis^, see Lithotomy — a. Locomoteur, see
Locomotive — a. NevrotMle, see N^vrothele — a.
Petit, see Lithotomy — a. Pigmental, Pigmental
apparatus.
Appareils de Formation, (F.) Gall admits,
in the brain, two kinds of fibres ; the one, di-
vergent, proceeding from the cerebral peduncles
to the convolutions, and constituting what he calls
appareils de formation : the other, convergent,
and proceeding from the convolutions to the cen-
tre of the organ, constituting what he calls ap-
pareils de riunion. The first, as a whole, form
the organs of the mental faculties : the latter are
commissures, which unite parts of the organ that
are double, and in pairs.
Appauvri, {ap, andpaiivre, (h.) pauper, 'poor,')
Impoverished.
Append'age to the O'vary, Parovarium.
Appendice, Appendix — a. Ciecal, Appendix
vermiformis ca^ci — a. Digital, Appendix vermi-
formis ca3ci — a. Ensiforme, see Sternum — a. Sous-
sternale, Xiphoid cartilage — a. Sus-spheno'idale
du cerveau, Pituitary gland — a. Xipho'ide, Xi-
phoid cartilage.
Appen'dices (pi. of Appendix) Coli adiposes,
Appendiculae epiploicaa — a. Epiplo'iques, Appen-
diculae epiploica3.
Appeudic'ula Cer'ebri, (dim. of Appendix,)
Pituitary gland — a. Epiploica, Epiploic appen-
dage — a. Vermiformis cajci, see Appendix.
Appendic'ulae Pinguedino'sae, A. Epiplo'icse,
Epip'loic append'ages, Ajjpen' dices co'li adipo'sse,
Fim'brise carno'sie co'li, ^npplemen'ta epiplo'ica,
Omen' tula, (F.). Ajypendices Epiplo'iques. Prolon-
gations of the peritoneum beyond the surface of
the great intestine, which are analogous in text-
ure and arrangement to omenta.
• Appen'dix, gen. Appen'dicis, Epiph'ysis, (ap-
pendere, — ap, and pendere, ' to hang,' — ' to hang
to or from,') (F.) Appendice, Annexe. Any part
that adheres to an organ, or is continuous with it :
seeming as if added to it. An appendage ; an
apophysis.
Appen'dix Auric'ul^, see Auricles of the
Heart — a. Cerebri, Pituitary gland — a. ad Cer-
ebrum, Cerebellum — a. Cutanea septi narium,
Statica septi narium— ^a. Ensiform, see Xiphoid
— a. to the Epididymis, Vasculum aberrans —
a. Glandulae tbyreoidese, see Thyroid gland — a.
Ventriculi, Duodenum — a. Vermicularis caeci,
Appendix vermiformis caeci.
Appen'dix Vermifor'mis, A. vermicula'ris cse'ci,
Process'us vermiformis seu Appendic'ula ver-
mifor'mis Cx'ci, Tubus Vermicula'ris Ceeci, Ec'-
phyas, Additamen'tum Coli, Appen'dix Caeci, (F.)
Appendice vermiforme, A. csecal ou digital. A
vermicular process, the size of a goose-quill,
which hangs from the intestine caecum. Its
functions are unknown.
Appen'dix Vesi'cjE, see Bladder, sacculated.
Ap'petence, Ap'jietency, Appeten'tia, [appetere,
from ap, and petere, * to seek,' *to desire.') A
desire, and especially an ardent, passionate desire
for any object.
Appetlt, Appetite — a. Perte d', Anorexia,
Ap'petite, Appeti'tus, Appeten'tia, Appeti"tia,
(ap, and petere, *to seek,') Cupi'do, Orex'is,
Orme. Same etymology as Appetence. An in-
ternal sensation, which warns us of the necessity
of exerting certain functions, especially those of
digestion and generation. In the latter case it is
called vene'real appetite, (F.) Appetit vinevien : in
the former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit ou Appe-
tition. If the desire for food, occasioned by a rial
want, be carried to a certain extent, it is called
hunger, when solid food is concerned; thirst, when
76
APPETITE
liquid. Appetite and hunger ought not, however,
to be employed synonymously : they are different
degrees of the same want. Hunger is an imperi-
ous desire: it cannot be provoked, like the appe-
tite. It is always allayed by eating ; but not so
the appetite, for, at times, it may be excited in
this manner. They are very generally, however,
used synonymously.
Ap'petite, Mor'bid, Limosis.
Ap'petite, Vene'real, Venereal desire, (F.)
Le genSnique, Amour phynique, Sens genital. The
instinctive feeling that attracts the sexes towards
each other to effect the work of reproduction.
h.^'^QtiiiVB, Appetiti'vHS, {F.)AppStiti/. Having
or causing desire.
Appeti'tus, Appetite — a, Caninus, Boulimia —
a. Deficiens, Dysorexia.
Ap'ple, see Malum, and Pyrus malus — a.
Adam's, Pomum Adami — a. Bitter, Cucumis col-
ocynthis — a. Curassoa, Aurantium curassaven-
tium — a. Dead Sea, see Quercus infectoria — a.
Eye, see Melon — a. of the Bye, Pupil — a. Mad,
see Quercus infectoria — a. May, Podophyllum
peltatum — a. of Peru, Datura stramonium — a.
Root, Euphorbia corollata — a. of Sodom, see
Quercus infectoria.
Ap'ple Tea, Apple water. Slice two large, not
over-ripe apples, and pour over a pint of boiling
water. After an hour, pour oflf the fluid, and, if
necessary, sweeten with sugar.
Ap'ple Tree, Pyrus malus.
Applica'ta, {appHcare, from ap, and plicare,
'to fold,' 'to apply.') A word unnecessarily in-
troduced into medical language, to express the
objects which are applied immediately to the sur-
face of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths, <fec.
Applica'tion, Appllca'tio, in a moral significa-
tion, is synonymous with attention. Also, the
act of applying one thing to another ; as the ap-
plication of an apparatus, of a bandage, blister,
<fcc., as well as the thing applied — applica'tum.
Apposi'tion, Prosthesis, Anaplerosis.
Apprehen'sio, {ap, and prehendere, 'to take.')
This word is employed ia various senses. It means
catalepsy or catoche. A kind of bandage for se-
curing any part. Also, a therapeutical indication.
A.pprochef (ap, and proche, ' near,') Coition.
Approzima'tion, Approxima'tio, ( ap, and
pro.c//rt««, 'nearest.') Ettmuller gave this name
to a pretended method of curing disease, by
making it pass from man into some animal or
vegetable, by the aid of immediate contact.
Aprac'ta, {uTrpaKra, from a, and npaaati, ' I act.')
Without action. An epithet for the parts of gen-
eration, when unfit for cof)ulati()n or generation.
Aprica'tio, {apricor, ' I bask in the sun,') In-
iolation.
A'pricot, Prunus Armeniaca.
Aproc'tia> Atre'sia ani, (a, and Trpoxcroj, 'anus.')
Imperforation of the anus.
Aproc'tus, see Atretus.
Apro'iiia, Tamus communis.
Aproso'pia, TriocephaV in, (a, and npoffuirov,
'the face.') A malformation, which consists in
the face being deficient. See Triencephalus.
Aproso'pus, Microprosopus.
Apselaphe'sia, Apse lap he' sis, (a, priv., and
ipTiXaiMu), ' I feel.') Privation of touch or sense
of resistance.
Apsinthia'tum, (aipw&tov, ' wormwood.') A sort
)f drii)k made of wormwood.
Apsinthi'tes, (a^iv^iTrig,) Absinthites.
Apsyoh'ia, (a, and ^vxV) 'soul,' 'breath,')
Syncope.
Apsychis'me, Idiotism.
Ap syohy, Syncope.
Apsyx'ia, Syncope.
Ap'thaB, Aphthae.
Aptya'lia, Aaia'Ua, (a, and 7m»aXoj, ' saliva.')
Want of saliva.
AQUA
Aptys'tUS, (aTrrvarOi, from a, and invu>, ' I spit.')
Devoid of expectoration. An epithet given, of
old, to certain pleurisies, in which there is no ex-
pectoration.
Apulo'sis, {arnvhutaii, from apo, and 011A17, 'cica-
trix.') Cicatrization.
Apulo'tica, (aTOuAurtKa,) Cicatrisantia.
A'pus, {anovi, trom a, and novg, 'a foot.') See
Apodia.
Apy'etus, (a, and iwov, 'pus.') An external
affection, which does not end in suppuration.
Apyique, Apyus.
Apy'us, (arruoj, from a, and ttvov, 'pus,') (F.)
Apylque. That which does not afford pus.
Apyrec'tiC) (amifisKTos, from a, and Ttvptautw, 'to
be feverish.') Apyretic.
Apyrensema'ta, (a, mpny, 'a nucleus,' and
Siijxa, ' blood.') According to Mr. Gulliver, ver-
tebrata with non-nucleated, colored blood-corpus-
cles — as the mammalia.
Apyrenome'ld, Apyromele.
Apyret'ic, Apyret'icus, Apyrec'tic, Apyrec'ticus,
Apyr'etits, (aTrvperos, from a, and Ttvpero^, 'fever.')
Without fever. This epithet is given to da\ s in
which there is no paroxysm of a disease, as in
the case of an intermittent, as well as to some
local affections which do not induce fever. Urti-
caria is sometimes called an apyretic exantheni.
Apyrex'ia, (anvpe^m,) A'pyrexy, Dialem' ma,
Dialeip'sis, JDialip'sis, Temphis iiitercala're, Inter-
val'lum, Intermis'sio. Absence of fever. Apyrexia
is the condition of an intermittent fever between
the paroxysms. The duration of the apyrexia
consequently depends on the type of the intermit-
tent. Occasionally, the term has been applied to
the cessation of the febrile condition in acute
diseases.
Apyrome'16, Apyrenome'le, (arrvpofirjXrj, from a,
TTopnv, ' a nut,' and nri>^V) *a sound.') A sound or
probe, without a button or nut. It is the Melo'tis,
Specil'luia auricula' rium or Auric'ular sound of
Galen.
A'qua, Urine, Water.
A'qua Ac"ii)i Carbol'ici, see Carbolic acid —
a, Acidi carbonici. Acidulous water, simple — a.
Aeidula simplex. Acidulous water, simple — a.
Acidula hydrosulphurata, Naples water (facti-
tious) — a. Aeris fixi, Acidulous water, simple
— a. Alkalina oxymuriatica, Eau de Javelle — a.
Aluminis composita, Liquor aluminis compositus
— a. Aluminosa Bateana, Liquor aluminis com-
positus — a. Ammonias, Liquor ammonia; — a.
Ammoniae acetatis. Liquor ammoniac acetatis —
a. Ammoniae carbonatis. Liquor ammonia3 sub-
carbonatis — a. Ammonias caustica, Liquor am-
monias — a. Ammonias fortior, see Liquor ammo-
niae — a. Amnii, Liquor amnii — a. Amygdalae
amarae, see Aqua amygdalarum concentrata.
A'qua Amyg'dala'uum Conckntra'ta, -4. amyg-
dalarum amara'rum, (F.) Eau d' Amandes amercs,
Water of bitter almonds. Made by bruising well
two pounds of hitter almonds ; adding, while trit-
urating, ten pounds of spring water and four
pounds of alcohol : letting the mixture rest in a
well-closed vessel, and then distilling two pounds.
Used instead of the Aqua laurocerasi, and the
Hydrocyanic acid. It must be given with great
caution.
An Aqua amyg'dalse ama'rie, Bitter Almond
water, has been introduced into the Ph. U. S. (01.
amygdal. amar., TT^xvj., Magnea. Carbon, ^j., Aquse
destillat., Oij.) Dose fjss.
A'qua Ane'thi, see Anethum graveolens — a.
Anisi, see Piinpinella anisuui — a. Anisi fortis,
Spiritus anisi — a. Aquisgranensis, see Aix-la-
Chapelle — a. Auditoria, Cotunnius, liquor of — a.
Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium — a. Aurantii flo-
rum seu floris, see Citrus aurantium — a. Azo-
tioa oxygenata, Aqua nitrogonii protoxidi — a.
lialsamica arterialis, Aqua Binellii — a. Baregi-
AQUA
AQUiE
77
nonsis, Bareges water — a. Baryta murij.tis, see
Baryta,, muriate i)f — a. Bellilucana, Balaruc
waters — a. Benedicta, Liquor calcis — a. Bene-
dicta composita, Liquor calcis compositus — a.
Benedicta Rulandi, Vinum antimonii tartarizati.
A'qua Bkvel'lii, Acqua BhieUi, Aqua Balsnm'-
ica arteriu'lis, DinelU's Styptic, (F.) Eaa de Bi-
neUi. A celebrated Italian hoemostatio, invented
hj one Binelli. Its composition is unknown, but
its virtues have been ascribed to crcasote ; al-
though there is reason for believing it to possess
no more activity than cold water. Aqua Monte-
rosaii, (F.) Eau de Monteroa«i, appears to be of
CJialogous composition.
A'qua Borvone.v'sis, Bourbonne - les - Bains,
mineral waters of — a. Bristol iensis, Bristol water.
A'qua Brocchik'r'ii, Acqua Brocchieri, Broc-
ehieri or Brocchiari water, Brocchieri'a etyp'tic,
(F.) Eau de Brocchieri, Eau styptique de Broc-
ehieri. A supposed styptic, which made much
noise at Paris at one time. It is devoid of efficacy.
Dr. Paris found nothing in it but water perfumed
by some vegetable essence.
A'qua Calca'ri^ ust^, Liquor calcis — a. Cal-
cis, Liquor calcis — a. Calcis composita. Liquor
calcis compositus — a. Camphoras, Mistura cam-
phorae — a. Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sul-
phas — a. Carbouatis sodae acidula, Acidulous
water, simple — a. Carmelitana, see Melissa — a.
Carui, see Carum carui — a. Cassiae, see Laurus
cassiae — a. Catapultarum, Arquebusade, Eau d',
--a. Chlorini, see Chlorine.
A'qua Cinnamo'mi, Cinna'mon wa'ter, {Sc.)Oan-
nel water. Distilled water of Cinnamon Bark.
Prepared also in the following manner. 01. Cin-
nam. f^ss., Magnea. Carbon, ^j., Aq. deatillat.
Oij. Rub the oil and carbonate of magnesia j
add the water gradually, and filter. (Ph. U. S.)
A'qua Cinnamo'mi For'tis, Spiritus cinnamo-
mi — a. Coloestrensis, Colchester, mineral waters
of.
A'qua Colora'ta, * colored water.' A name
given to a prescription in which simple colored
water is contained. Used in hospital cases, more
©specially where di, placebo is demanded.
A'qua Creaso'ti, see Creasote — a, Cupri am-
moniati, Liquor cupri ammoniati. — a. Cupri vit-
riolati composita, Liquor cupri sulphatis compo-
sita — a. Destillata, Water, distilled.
A'qua Fabro'rum, ' AVater of smiths.' Water
in which hot iron has been quenched. A feeble
chalybeate.
A'qua Flo'rum Auran'tii, see Citrus auran-
tium — a. Fluviatilis, Water, river.
A'qua ¥(Ksig'vi.i, Fennel Water. The distilled
water of fennel seed. It may be prepared also
like the aqua cinnamomi.
A'qua Fomta'na, Water, spring — a. Fortis,
Nitric acid — a. Goulardi, Liquor plumbi subace-
tatis dilutus — a. llepatica, Hydrosulphuretted
water — a. Hordeata, Decoctum hordei — a. Hun-
garica, Spiritus rosmarinus — a. Imbrium, Water,
rain — a. Infernalis, see Toddy — a. lutercus.
Anasarca — a. Inter cutem, Anasarca — a. Javel-
leusis, Eau de Javelle — a. Juniperi composita,
Spiritus juniperi compositus — a. Kali, Liquor
potassae subcarbonatis — a. Kali caustici. Liquor
potassae — a. Kali prteparati, Liquor potassa)
subcarbonatis — a. Kali puri, Liquor potassa? — a.
Kali subcarbonatis, Liquor potassae subcarbona-
tis — a. Labyrinthi, Cotunnius, liquor of — a.
Labyrinthi meinbranacei, Vitrine auditive — a.
Lactis, Serum lactis— a. ex Lae(i, Water, lake —
». Laurocerasi, see Prunus launjcerasus — a.
Laxativa Viennensis, Infusum sennse compositum
— a. Lithargyri acetati composita, Liquor plumbi
subacetatis dilutus — a. Lithiae effervescens, Liquor
litbiie effervescens — a. Luciae, Spiritus ammonia;
succinatus — a. xMarina, Water, sea— a. Medioata,
Water, mineral.
A'qua Men'th^ PiPKUi'Tif;, Pep'permintWafer,
The distilled water of peppermint, (F.) Eau
diatillie de Menthe PoivrSe. It may also be pre-
pared like the Aqua cinnamomi. Aqua menthse
viridia, Spearmint toater, is similarly prepared.
A'qua Mkn'thjs Pipkri'tidis Spirituo'sa,
Spiritus menthae piperitas — a. Menthae pulegii,
see Mentha pulegium — a. Mentha; viridis, Spear-
mint water, see Aqua menthae piperita? — a. Men-
thae vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus nienthas viridis
— a. Mineralis, Water, mineral — a. Mirabiiis,
Spiritus piinentae — a. Monterosis, see Aqua Bi-
nellii — a. Mulsa, Hydromeli — a. Natri oxymu-
riatici, Liquor sodae chlorinatae — a. Neapolitana,
Naples water (factitious) — a. Nephrifica, Spiritus
myristicae — a. Nicotiana, see Nicotiana tabacum.
A'qua Nitrogen'ii Protox'idi, Aqua azo'tica.
oxygena'ta, Protox'ide of N i' troijen Water, Seurle'a
patent oxyg"enoua aerated water. A patent solu-
tion of protoxide of nitrogen, said to contain five
times its own bulk of gas. It has been recom-
mended as a nervine and excitant in nervous
conditions, dyspepsia, <fec. It has also been used
in cholera, and to counteract the evil consequences
of drunkenness. The dose is f^vj. or Jviii., two
or three times a day : or, in dyspepsia, as a bev-
erage between meals.
A'qua Niva'ta, Water, snow — a. Nucis mos-
chatae, Spiritus myristicae — a. Ophthalniica,
Liquor zinci sulphatis cum camphora — a. Pagli-
arii, Hjemostatic, Pagliari's — a. Paludosa, Water,
marsh — a. Pedum, Urine — a. Pericardii, see
Pericardium — a. Phagedenica, see Hydrargyri
oxymurias — a. Picea, see Pinus sylvestris — a.
Picis, see Pinus sylvestris — a. Pimentae, see Myr-
tus pimenta — a. Plumbi, Liquor plumbi subace-
tatis dilutus — a. Pluvialis, Water, rain — a. Po-
tassas, Liquor potassae — a. Potassa; effervescens,
Liquor potassaa effervescens — a. Pulegii, see
Mentha pulegium — a. Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus
pulegii — a. Pura, see Water — a. Putealis, Water,
well — a. ex Puteo, Water, well — a. Rabelli, Elixir
acidum Halleri — a. Raphani composita, Spiritus
armoraciae compositus — a. Regalis, Nitromuri-
atio acid — a. Regia, Nitromuriatic acid — a. Re-
ginae Hungariae, Spiritus rosmarini.
A'qua Ro's^, Ehodoatag'ma, Roae Water, (E.)
Eau diatillee de Roae, (lioa. centifol. ^xlviij. ;
Aquse Oxvi. M. Distil Oviij.— Ph. U. S., 1873.)
A'qua Salu'bris, Water, mineral — a. Sam-
buci, see Sambucus — a. Sappharina, Liquor cu-
pri ammoniati — a. Saturni, Liquor plumbi sub-
acetatis dilutus — a. Sclopetaria, Arquebusade,
eau d' — a. Seminum anisi composita, Spiritus
anisi — a. Seminum carui fortis, Spiritus carui —
a. Sodae efTervescens, Acidulous water, simple — a.
Soteria, Water, mineral — a. Stygia, Nitromuri-
atic acid — a. Styptica, Liquor cupri sulphatis
compositus — a. Sulphurata simplex, Hydrosul-
phuretted water — a. Sulphureti ammoniae, Liquor
fumans Boylii — a. Thediana, Arquebusade, eau d'
— a. Theriacalis bezoardica, Chylostagma diapho-
reticum mindereri — a. Tofani, Liquor arsenicalis
— a. Tosti panis, Toast water — a. Traumatica
thedenii, Arquebusade, eau d' — a. Vegetominer-
alis. Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — a. Vici-
ensis, Vichy water — a. Vitriolica caerulea, Solu-
tio sulphatis cupri composita — a. Vitriolica
camphorata. Liquor zinci sulphatis cum cam-
phor§, — a. Vulneraria, Arquebusade, eau d'--
a. Zinci vitriolati cum camphor^, Liquor zinci
sulphatis cum camphorS,.
A'quee Acid'nlae, Acidulous waters — a, Ba-
diguae, Bath, mineral waters of — a. Baiiza;,
Bath, mineral waters of — a. Eathoniae, Bath,
mineral waters of — a. Buxtoniensis, Buxton,
mineral waters of — a. Calidae, Aigues caudes —
a. Canturiensis, Canterbury, waters of — a. Chaly-
beatiB, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
A'QiJiK Dksth>i,a't>*;, Hydro'lata, Diatill'md
78
AQU^
Wa'ters, (F.) Hydrolata, Eaux DistUUes. These
are made by putting vegetable substances, as
roses, mint, pennyroyal, <fec., into a still with
water, and drawing ofif as much as is found to
possess the aromatic properties of the plant. To
every gallon of the distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit
should be added to preserve it. The sttnple dis-
tilled tcatera are sometimes called Aquse 8tillatit"ise
aimplices; the spirituoim, Aquse 8tillatit"iee apiritu-
o'ase, but more commonly Spir'ifiis.
A'qvm Ferro's^, Waters, mineral, chalybeate
— a. Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
A'qu^ Medica't^v, Med'icated waters, include,
in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, prepa-
rations consisting of waters impregnated with
some medicinal substance, which are not arranged
in any other class. Among these are the " Waters,"
and " Distilled waters " of the British pharmaco-
poeias.
A'qu^ Me'tus, (* dread of water,') Hydro-
phobia — a. Minerales acidulae, Waters, min-
eral, gaseous — a. Minerales ferruginosas. Waters,
mineral, chalybeate — a. Minerales sulphureae.
Waters, mineral, sulphureous — a. Soils, Bath,
mineral waters of — a. Stillatitiae, Aquae des-
tillatai.
Aquseduc'tus, Aq'ueduct, {aqua, 'water,' and
ducere, ductum, *to lead,') (F.) Aqueduc. Prop-
erly, a canal for conducting water from one place
to another. Anatomists have used it to designate
certain canals.
AqUiEDUc'TUS Cer'ebri, Infundibulum of the
brain.
Aqu^DUC'tus Coch'le^, (F.) Aqueduc du Li-
maqoa : — a very narrow canal which proceeds
from the tympanic scala of the cochlea to the
posterior edge of the pars petrosa.
Aqu^duc'tus Cotun'nii, see Aquaeductus ves-
tibuli.
Aqu^duc'tus Fallo'pii seu Fallo'pite, Cana'lia
Fallo'pii seu. Fallo'pise, (F.) Canal apiroide de I'os
temporal of Chaussier, Aqueduc de Fallope. A
canal in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone,
which extends from the meatus auditorius inter-
nus to the foramen stylo-mastoideum, and gives
passage to the facial nerve. The opening into
this aqueduct is called Hia'tus Fallo'pii, H. Ca-
na'lia Fallo'pii, Fiasu'ra Cana'lia Fallo'pii, Fora'-
men Tari'ni, F. anon'ymum Ferreia'ii.
Aqu^duc'tus Syl'vii, Cana'lia eminen'tise quad-
rigem'inse, Iter ad quar'tum ventric' ulum seu d
ter'tio ad quar'tum ventric' ulum, Cana'lia me'diua,
(F.) Aqueduc de Sylviua, Canal intermSdiare dea
ventriculea of Chaussier. A canal forming a com-
munication between the third and fourth ventri-
cles of the brain. The ventricular opening is
termed a'nua cer'ebri.
AqUvEDUc'tds Vestib'uli, Aquseductua Cotun'nii,
Canal of Cotun'niua, (F.) Aqueduc du vestibule ou
Aqueduc de Cottigno. This begins in the vesti-
bule, near the common orifice of the two semicir-
cular canals, and opens at the posterior surface
of the pars petrosa.
Aqualio'ulus, (diminutive of aqualia, ' a water-
pot.') That part of the abdomen which extends
from the umbilicus to the pubes. See Hypogas-
trium. It has also been applied to the stomach
or intestinal canal.
Aquas'ter. A word used by Paracelsus to ex-
press the visions or hallucinations of patients.
A.qtiedtic, Aqueduct — a. de Cotugno, Aqua;-
ductus vestibuli — «. de Fallope, Aquaeductus
Fallopii — a. du LiinaQon, ^quaiductus cochleae —
a. de Sylviua, Aquicductus Sylvii — a. du Vesti-
bule, Aquictluctud vestibuii.
A'queduct, Aquaeductus.
A'queOUS, A'queus, Aquo'aua, Hydato'dea, Hy-
dro'dea, {«qun, 'water,') (F.) Aqueux. Watery.
The absorbents or lymphatics are sometimes
sailed^ in France, Conduita ou Canaux aqueux.
AQUULA
A'qtjeous Chah'bers, see Aqueous humor of
the eye.
A'guKOTJS Hu'mor of the Eye, Hu'mor aquo'-
aua, Ooei'dea, Oo'des, Hydatoi'des, Hydato'dea,
Ova'tua seu Ovifor'mia hu'mor, Albugin' eona hu'-
mor, (F.) Humenr aqueuae. The limpid fluid which
fills the two chambers of the eye, from the cornea
to the crystalline, and which is, consequently, in
contact with the two surfaces of the iris. Quan-
tity, 5 or 6 grains; s. g. 1*0003. It contains al-
bumen, chloride of sodium, and phosphate of
lime in small quantity ; and is enveloped in a fine
membrane — the membrane of the aqueoua humor,
Tu'nica pro'pria seu Vagi'na seu Membra' na seu
Cap'sula humo'ria a'quei seu Membra'na Demti-
ria'na seu Descemet'ii seu Dudelia'na, Membrano
of Demoura' or of Descemet' ; although these last
terms are by some appropriated to a third layer
of the cornea.
A'queus, Aqueous.
Aquidu'ca, {aqua, * water,' and ducere, 'to
lead,') Hydragogues.
Aqilifo'lium, {acua, 'a needle,' &Jid folium, *a
leaf,') Ilex aquifolium — a. Foliis deciduis, Prinos.
Aq'uila, Hydrargyri submurias, Sulphur.
The alchymists used this word for sublimed sal
ammoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic, sulphur,
and the philosopher's stone. See Hydrargyri
submurias, and Sulphur.
Aq'uila Ccelest'is. Asort of panacea, of which
mercury was a constituent.
Aq'uila Lac'rym^. A liquor prepared from
several ingredients, especially from calomel.
Aq'uila Philosopho'rum. The alchymists,
whose terms were always mysterious, called mer-
cury thus, when reduced to its original form.
Aq'uila Ven'ehis. An ancient preparation,
made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac.
Aq'uilaB Ve'nee, Temporal veins.
Aquile'gia, (from aquila, 'the eagle,' owing to
some fancied resemblance of the spurs to talons,)
A. vulga'ria seu aylveatria seu Alpi'na, Coni'inon
Col' om bine or Columbine, (F.) Ancolie. Order,
Ranunculaceae. The seeds, herb, and flowers were
formerly used in jaundice and cutaneous diseases.
They are still retained in many of the Pharmaco-
poeias of continental Europe.
Aquile'gia Alpi'na, Aquilegia.
Aquile'gia CanadExN'sis, Wild Col'vmbine, is
indigenous, and flowers in April and June. The
seeds are said to be tonic.
Aquile'gia Sylves'tris, Aquilegia — a. Vul-
garis, Aquilegia.
Aquilic"ia Sambuci'na, {aqiia, 'water,' and
elicire, ' to attract,' because it grows in moist
places. [?]) An East India plant, the decoction
of whose root is used in indigestion to allay
heartburn.
Aquip'arous, (F.) Aquipare, (aqua, 'water,' and
pnrio, ' I bring forth.') An epithet for glands
which, like the parotid, secrete much water, in
contradistinction to the submaxillary glands,
which are mucip'aroua.
A'quocapsuH'tis, Aquomembranitis.
Aq'uomembrani'tis, gen. Aquomembrani'tidia,
Keratoiri' tia, A quocapanli'tia, Hydromeningi'tia,
Serous iritia, JJescemeti'tis, Kerati'tia seu Cera-
ti'tia Puncta'ta, Dotted Keratitia, (F.) KeralUe
Ponctuee. Inflammation of the anterior chamber
of the eye. A badly compounded term, denoting
inflammation of the capsule or membrane of the
aqueous humor.
Aquo'sus, Hydatoid.
Aqu'ula, (dim. o{ aqua, 'water,') Ceratocele,
Hydatid, Hydroa — a. Acustica, Cotunnius, liquor
of.
Aqu'ula seu A'qua Morgagn'ii. The minute
portion of water which escapes when an opening
is made into the causule of the crystalline.
Aqu'ula Vit'rea Auditi'va, Vitrine auditive.
AR
Ar, in composition, see Ad.
A'ra Par'va, ' a small altar ;' — a kind of band-
age invented by Sostratus, which represents the
corners of an altar.
Arab'ica Antid'otus Hepat'ica, Ar'ahic He-
pat'ic An'tidote. A powder composed of mjrrh,
costus, white pepper, &g. It was administered
in new wine.
Arab'icus La'pis. A sort of white marble,
analogous to alabaster, found in Arabia. It was
regarded as absorbent and desiccative, and was
employed in hemorrhoids.
Ar'abin, Ar'ahic or Uum'mic Acid, Pure Gum.
A peculiar proximate principle of gums, the es-
sential constituent of gum arable, said to be,
chemically, a gummato ot lime.
Ar'abis Barba'rea, Erysimum barbarea.
Ar'abis Malag'ma. An antiscrofulous med-
icine, composed of myrrh, olibanura, wax, sal
ammoniac, iron pyrites, &o.
Ar'abists, see Arabs, medicine of the.
Ar'abs, Med'icine of the. The Arabians kept
the torch of medical science illuminated during a
dark period of the Middle Ages. Before the year
of the Hegira, they had schools of medicine ; but
these were most flourishing during the 10th,
11th, and 12th centuries. The chief additions
made by them to medical science were in the de-
partments of pharmacy and in the description of
diseases. Their principal writers were Avicenna,
Serapion, Averrhoes, Hali Abbas, Moses Maimo-
nides, Avenzoar, Rhazes, Albucasis, Ac. The
disciples of the Arab school were called Ar'ahista.
Araca'oha, Conium moschatura.
Arachid'na Hypogse'a, Arachis hypogasa.
Ar'acbis Africa'na, (a, and pa\,i<;, * a branch,' —
having no branches,) A. hypogiea — a. Ameri-
cana, A. hypogaea.
Ar'achis Hypog^'A, a. America'na seu Afri-
ca'nay Arachid'na hypogm'a, Ground nut. Pea nut.
Earth almond, (S.) Mane; erroneously called
Pistachio nut in the South ; Pindavs of the West
Indies. Ord. Leguminoste. Cultivated in the
Southern States. The seeds are oily, and are
much eaten. A kind of inferior chocolate may be
made of them.
Arach'ng, {apaxvri, ' a spider,* * a cobweb.')
Hence, Arachnoid membrane.
Arachni'tis, gen. Arachui'tidis, more properly
Arachno'idi'tia, Arachnodei'tia, Lijlammation of
the Arachnoid. A variety of phrenitis.
Arachnodei'tis, gen. Aracknodei' tidis, Arach-
nitis.
Arach'noid, ArachnoV dens, Arachnot'des,
Arachao'des, [arachne, and sihoi, 'form, resem-
blance.') Resembling a spider's web.
Arach'noid CAx\al', see Canal, arachnoid.
Arach'noid op the Eye. The lining membrane
of a cavity, supposed by some to exist between
the sclerotic and choroid.
Arach'noid Mem'brane, Me'ninx me'dia seu
lero'sa, Ta'nica ara'uea seu crystal'lina, Menin'-
gion. A name given to several membranes, which,
by their extreme thinness, resemble spider-webs.
Celsus and Q-alen called thus the membrane of the
vitreous humor, — the tu'nica hyulo'idea. The
moderns use it now for one of the membranes of
the brain, situate between the dura mater and pi;i
mater. It is a serous membrane, and composed
"f two layers J the external being confounded, in
the greater part of its extent, with the dura mater,
and, like it, lining the interior of the cranium
and spinal canal ; the internal being extended over
the brain, from which it is separated by the pia
mater, without passing into the sinuosities be-
tween the convolutions, and penetrating into the
interior of the brain by an opening at its posterior
part under the corpus callosum. It forms a part
ot the investing sheath of the nerves, as they pass
lrt>m tlie encephalic cavities. Its chief uses seem
ARBOL
79
to be: — to envelop, and, in some measure, pro-
tect the brain, and to secrete a fluid for the pur-
pose of keeping it in a state best adapted for iha
proper performance of its functions.
Arachnoid!' tis, gen. Arachnoidi'tidis, {arach-
noid, and itis,) Arachnitis.
Arack', Arrack', Back ; (East Indian.) A
spirituous liquor made in India in various ways,
often from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented
along with the juice of the cocoa-nut; frequently
from toddy, the juice which flows from the cocoa-
nut tree by incision, and from other substances.
It is a strong, heating spirit.
Arack', Mock, is made by adding ^ij. of Ben-
zoic acid to a quart of rum. The celebrated
Vauxhall punch was made with such arack.
Aracouchini, Icica aracouchini.
Aractt, see Kumyss.
Ar'acus Aromat'icus, Vanilla.
Ar'ados, {apa6o^, from apahia, 'I disturb.') The
agitation excited in the stomach by the coction
of aliments of diflTerent nature. Likewise, the
motion produced by cathartics.
Arse'a, {aijma,) Abdomen, Intestine (small).
Araeo'ma, gen. Arfeo' matin, («pa««)/<a, from
apaioi, ' porous,') Interstice.
Arseom'eter, Areometer.
Araeo'tica, {apuKariKa, from apaiou), '1 rarefy.')
Medicines supposed to have the quality of rareiy-
iug the humors. See Raref'aciens.
Araki, see Spirit.
Ara'lia Canaden'sis, Panax quinquefolium.
Ara'lia liis'PiDA, iMoarf El'der, Ord. Aralia-
ceaa, is said to be diuretic, and has been recom-.
mended, in decoction, in dropsy.
Ara'lia Nudicaiil'is, Nard'ua America'nua,
Small Spike'nard, Wild Liq'uorice, Sweet Root,
False or Wild Saraaparil'la, (F.) Petit nard.
This American plant is said to be a mild stimu-
lant and diaphoretic, and has been recommended
as a substitute for sarsaparilla. It is used, also,
as a tonic.
Ara'lia Quinquefo'lia, Panax quinquefolium.
Ara'lia Racemo'sa, American Spike'nard, has
the same properties as A. nudicaulis.
Ara'lia Spino'sa, Angel' ica Tree, Prick' ly Ash,
Toothache Tree, Spike'nard Tree, Prick'ly El'der,
Shot'bxish, Piij"eon Tree. Its properties are not
clear. The berries, and a tincture of them, have
been employed, it is said, successfully in tooth-
ache. A spirituous infusion has also been used
in colic.
Ara'nea, Araneae tela — a. Tarentula, see Ta-
rentula.
Ara'neaB Te'la, Ara'nea, Ara'neum, Spider's
web, Cobweb, (F.) Toile d'Araiynee. Formerly,
this substance was much employed, and supposed
to possess extraordinary virtues, especially when
applied to the wrists. It has been used again
internally in intermittents. The spider itself,
softened into a plaster and applied to the forehead
and temples, is said by Dioscoridcs to prevent
ague. Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is so
applied at times.
Araneo'sa Uri'na. A term applied to the urine
when loaded with filaments like cobwebs.
Araneo'sus (Pul'sus). A term employed to ex-
press extreme weakne^s of pulse j when the raovo-
ments resemble those of a delicate net raised by
the wind.
Ara'neum, Araneoe tela.
Ara'nkum Ul'cus, Aatakil'loa. A name given
by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer,
extending from the feet to the legs.
Ara'ra, Myrobalanus citriua.
Ara'trum (L.), (' a j)lough,') Vomer.
Arauca'ria Dombeyi, Dombeya excelsa.
Arhoifte, Arbutus unedo.
Arhol de Leche, (S.) ('milk tree,') Galactodon.
drou utile.
ARBOR
ARCHIATER
Ar'bor ('a tree') Beni'vi, Benjamin — a. In-
dica, Laurus cassia — a. Maris, Coral — a. Thu-
rifera, Juniperus lycia — a. Uteri vivificans,
Paltnae uteri plicatae.
Ar'bor Vi't^, (' tree of life,') (F.) Arhre de vie.
A name given to an arborescent appearance, ob-
served on cutting the cerebellum longitudinally ;
and which results from the particular arrange-
ment of the white substance with the cineritious.
Also, Thuya occidentalis.
Ar'boh Vi't^, Amer'ican, Thuya occidentalis
— a. Vitae uterinus, Palmaa uteri plicatae — a.
Vitae of the uterus, Palmae uteri plicatae.
Ar'bores. A morbid alteration of the skin,
which precedes its ulceration, according to Ruland.
Arboriza'tion, ArboHsa'tio, (F.) Abon'sation,
{arbor, gen. ar'boria, ' a tree.') The figure or ap-
pearance of a tree or plant. The capillary ves-
sels, when injected, as in inflammation, frequently
appear under the form of Arborizations.
Arboi*sier, Arbutus unedo.
Arhre de Vie, ('tree of life,*) Arbor vitae.
Arbusc'ula (dim. of arbor) Gummif era Bra-
zilien'sis, Hypericum bacciferum.
Ar'butus, A. unedo — a. Trailing, A. uva
ursi, Epigasa repens.
Ar'butus XJ'nedo, Ar'butus, Andrach'nl, U'ne-
do, U. papyra'cea, Com'arns, (F.) Arbousier, Ar-
boise. A decoction of the leaves is astringent, and
has been used in diarrhoea.
Ar'butus U'va Ur'si, Arctoataph'yloa U'vn
ur'si, Maira' Ilia u'va ur'si, (F.) Busserolle ou Jiai-
ain d'Ours. Ord. Ericaceae. Sex. Syat. Deeandria
Monogynia. The leaves — U'va Ur'si (Ph.
U. S.), U'vse Ur'si Fo'lla{Ph. B., 1867) — of this
plant are tonic and astringent, and have been em-
ployed, chiefly, in diseases of the urinary organs,
and also as a parturifacient. Dose of the powder
from gr. xv. to ^ss. The English names are
Trailing Ar'butus, Bear's Whortleberry or Bear-
berry, Mountain-box, Redberry, Upland Cran-
berry, Foxberry, Checkerberry, (Se.) Brawlins,
Arc, Arch, Ar'cus, (F.) Arc, Arcade (diminu-
tive). Any part of the body resembling an arch
in form; as the Arch of the colon, (F.) Arc du
colon — the transverse portion of that intestine:
— Arch or Cross of the Aorta, Ar'cus aor'tae, (F.)
Crosse de VAorte, Ac, the turn which the aorta
takes in the thorax.
Ar'ca Arcano'rum, Hydrargyrum — a. Cordis,
Pericardium.
Arcade, see Arc — a. Anastomotique, Arch,
anastomotic — a. Crurale, Crural arch — a. In-
guinale, Crural arch — a. Orbitaire, Orbitar arch
— a. Pubienne, Pubio arch — a. Zygomutique,
Zygomatic arch.
Arcades Alveolaires, Alveolar arches — a. de
Corti, see Corti — a, Denta ires, Dental arches —
a. Palinaires, Palmar arches.
Arcadi-tempfrro-maxillairef Temporalis.
Arcse'us or Arcoe'us, Balsam of. See Balsam
of Are* us.
Arcannon, Colophonia.
Arca'num, {area, *a chest.') A secret, a nns-
t"um, a quack or empir'ical vied'icine, (F.) Arcatie.
A remedy whose composition is kept secret, but
which is reputed to possess great etficacy.
Arca'num CoaALLi'.NUM, Ilydrargyri nitrico-
oxidum — a. Duplicatum, Potassae sulphas — a.
Tartari, Potassie acetas.
Arceau, Arculus, Cradle.
Arcei'on, {apKnov,) Arctium.
Aroeu'thos, {apKev^oi,) Juniperus communis.
Arch., A re.
Arch, A-nostomot'ic, (F.) Arcade Anostomo-
iiqne, is the union of two vessels, which anos-
toinose by describing a curved line. The vessels
of the mesentery inosculate in this manner.
Arch op tiik Aoh'ta, see Arc and Aorta — a.
Orural, see Crural arch — a. Femoral, see Crural
arch — a. Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis — a.
Haemal, see Haemal arch — a. Inguinal, see Crural
arch — a. Nasal, Nasal arch — a. Orbitar, see
Orbitar arch — a. of the Palate, see Palate bone —
a. Palmar, see Palmar arches — a. Plantar, see
Plantar arteries — a. of the Pubis, see Pubic arch
— a. Subpubic, Subpubic arch — a. Superciliary,
see Superciliary arches — a. Supraorbital, see
Supraorbital — a. of Vertebra, see Vertebra) — a.
Zygomatic, Zygomatic arch.
Archee'us, Arche'us, {apxv> 'commencement,')
(F.) Archie. A word invented by Basil Valen-
tine, and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus and
Van Helmont. The latter used it for the inter-
nal principle of our motions and actions, this
archaeus, according to Van Helmont, immaterial
principle, existing prior to fecundation, and pre-
siding over the development of the body, and over
all organic phenomena. Besides this chief ar-
chaeus, whose seat Van Helmont placed in the
upper orifice of the stomach, he admitted several
of a subordinate character, which had to execute
its orders — one, for instance, in each organ, to
preside over its functions — each of them being
subject to anger, caprice, terror, and every human
feeling.
Archangel, New, Min'eral Springs. About
twenty miles to the north of New Ajchangcl,
Sitka Island, on the N.W. coast of North Amer-
ica, are some thermal sulphureous waters, the
temperature of one of which is upwards of 153°
of Fahr. They are much celebrated, according
to Sir George Simpson.
Archangel'ica, ('archangelic,' from its vir-
tues,) Lamium album — a. Otficinalis, Angelica.
Ar'che, {apxr/,) Jnit"ium, Princip'ium, Primur'-
dium, Ori'go, Inva'sio. The first attack of a dis-
ease. See Acme.
Arch.ebio'si8,(ap\:j7, 'beginning,' and j3wj, * life.')
A term proposed by Dr. H. C. Bastian as a syno-
nym for biogenesis, being the production of living
organisms from non-living materials, in contra-
distinction to heterogenesis, which is the produc-
tion of living beings from preexisting organisms,
whether living or dead. See Biogenesis.
Archecpto'ma, {archo, e^, ' out of,' and m-w/ia,
'a fall,') Proctocele.
Arcfiee, Archaeus.
Ar'chell, Cana'ry, Lichen roccella.
Arclielog"ia, {apxv, 'beginning,' and ^oyoi, 'a
discourse.') A treatise on fundamental principles
— of medicine, for example.
Archen'da. A powder of the leaves of the
Iigu8tru7n, used by the .^Egyptians after bathing,
to obviate the unpleasant odor of the feet.
Arch'es of Cor'ti, see Corti.
Arch'es of the Pal'ate. These are two in
number on each side of the throat, one of which
is termed anterior, the other ^o«<eWor.
The anterior arch, Ar'cus glossopalati'nua seu
palatoglos'sus, arises from the middle of the velum
palati, at the side of the uvula, and is fixed to the
edge of the base of the tongue.
The posterior arch, Ar'cus j^^ai'y'ngopalati'nua
seu palatophargnge'us, has its origin, likewise,
from the side of the uvula, and passes downwards
to be inserted into the side of the pharynx. The
anterior arch contains the circumflexus palati,
and forms the isthmus faucium. The posterior
arch has within it the levator palati, and between
the arches are the tonsils.
Archia'ter, gen. Archia'tri, Archia'trus, Proto-
med icuH, Protia'tros, Superpos'itus medlco'riim,
{apxpi, 'a chief,' and larpo^, 'a physician.') The
original signification of this word is a matter of
dispute. Some consider, with Mercurialis, that
it meant physician to a prince, king, emperor,
Ac. ; others, with C. Hotfmann, ajiply it to every
Ehysician who, by his situation, is raised above
ia colloagues. The former opinion seems to have
auchigeni
ARECA
81
prevailed — Archiatre des Hois de France being
applied to the chief physician to the kings of
France.
Arcliig''eni Mor'bi, (apxn, 'beginning/ 'and
ytvofiai, 'to be.') Acute diseases; because they
hold the first rank.
Archima'gia, {apx'^i ' ^ chief/ and fxayuc., ' mag-
ic/) Chemistry.
Archingeay, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Arcbin-
geay is situate in Frauce, three leagues from St.
Jean d'Angely. The waters are prized in all dis-
eases. They seem to contain carbonate of lime,
a little chloride of sodium, carbonate of iron, and
some bitumen.
Architectu'ra Apoplec'tica, Apoplectic make.
Archi'tis, gen. Archi'tidla, {archo and itia,)
Proctitis, Rectitis.
Ar'ch.0, (from apxoi, 'the anus, the rectum,') in
composition, anus or rectum.
Archoce'ie, {archo, and f^A*?, 'rupture/) Proc-
tocele.
Ar'chocys'tOSyr'inx, gen. Ar' chocystosyring" is,
{archo, kvctk;, 'bladder/ and trupiy^, 'a pipe.')
Fistula of the anus and urinary bladder.
Archopto'ina, gen. Archopto'matia, {archo, and
rrrw/^a, ' a fall,') Proctocele.
Archopto'sis, Proctocele.
Arcliorrliag"ia, {archo, and ^yvvfii, 'to break
forth,') Archorrhoe'a. Hemorrhage from the
anus.
Archorrhoe'a, {archo, and peu, 'I flow,') Ar-
chorrhagia.
Ar'chos, {apxo^,) Anus, Rectum.
AvchostegUO' ma.,ger\.Archo8te(/7io'7natis,{archo,
<TTtyvo<a, ' I constrict/ and oma.) Stricture of the
rectum.
Archostegno'sis, Stricture of the rectum.
Archosteno'sis, {archo, orevos, 'narrow/ and
ofiis.} Stricture of the rectum.
Archosyr'inx, gen. Archoayn'ng"i8, {archo, and
avpiy^, ' a {>ipe.') Fistula in ano.
Ar'ciforin, Arci/or'mis, (arx, gen. arcia, *a top
or ridge,' and forma, ' shape.') An epithet given
to certain fibres, Fi'hrae arcifovm'ea, of the an-
terior pyramids of the medulla oblongata, which
take a curved course around the inferior extrem-
ity of each corpus olivare and ascend towards the
cerebellum.
hXQX,St.'Xio, Arctitn' do,{arctare,arctaUun/ioviidi)s.Q
narrow,') Anyuata'tio, Coarcta'tio, (F.) lietricia-
eenient. Contraction of a natural opening or of
a canal, and especially of the vulva, of the orifice
of the uterus, or of the intestinal canal. Consti-
pation, (see Stegnosis.) Reunion by suture or
infibulation.
Arctitu'do, Arctatio.
Arc'tium, (from apKTOs, * a bear/ owing to the
rough, bristly fruit,) A. lappa — a. Bardana, A,
lappa.
Arc'tium JiAP'pA. The root and seed of the
C'lit'bur, Barda'na, Arcei'on, Arctium, A. barda'na
•eu rna'jiia seu mi'nua seu tomento'aum, I'laphia,
Lappa glab'ra, Lappa, tna'jor seu persona' ta, Per-
aola'ta, Peraolla'ta, Peraolu'ta, Burdock, (Old
Eng.) Glithe, Cuckold, (F.) Bardane, Glouteron,
Hcrbe aux teignetix. Ord. Compositae. Sex. Si/st.
Syngonesia asqualis. The Boot— Lappa (Ph.
^- S-) — is diuretic; the aeed are cathartic. It
has been used in decoction in diseases of the ekin
and in syphilis.
Arc'tium Ma'jus, A. lappa — a. Minus, A. lap-
pa — a. Tomentosum, A. lap|>a.
Arc'topus Echina'tus, {apKTOi, 'a bear,' and
irouf, ' a foot.') A South African plant, Ord. Um-
belliferae, which is demulcent and diuretic, some-
what approaching sarsaparilla. The decoction of
the root is employed in syphilis, lepra, and chronic
cutaneous affections of all kinds.
Arctostaph'ylos TJ'va Ur'si, {apKTos, ' a bear,'
and oTapvXtj, ' a grape.') Arbutus uva ursi.
6
Arctu'ra, (from arcto, 'I press close,') The
effects of a nail grown into the flesh, Arctu'ra
un'guia. See Onychogryphosis.
Arctu'ra Un'guium. The growing in or in-
version of the nails. See Onychogryphosis.
Arciia'tio, {arcua, ' a bow,') Concuva'tio. An
anterior gibbosity or projection of the sternum.
Arcueil, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Arcueil is
about one league south of Paris. The water
contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, sul-
phate of lime, chloride of sodium, and some de-
liquescent salts.
A celebrated society held its meetings at this
village, of which Berthollet, Humboldt, Laplace,
&c., were members.
Ar'cula Cor'dis, (dim. of area, 'a press or
chest,') Pericardium.
Arc'ulae, (pi. of Arcnln.) The Orbitar Fospse.
Arc'ulus, (dim. of arena, 'an arch.') A small
arch; a cradle, (F.) Arceau, Archet. A semicir-
cular box or basket used for preventing the bed-
clothes from coming in contact with injured or
diseased parts. An ordinance of the Grand Duke
of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep with an in-
fant near them, unless it was put under a solid
cradle.
Arc'iis, gen. Arcda, Arc or Arch — a. Cruralis,
Crural arch — a. Glossopalatinus, see Arches of
the palate — a. Medullaris, Fornix — a. Palato-
glossus, see Arches of the palate — a. Palatopha>
ryngeus, see Arches of the palate — a. Pharyngo-
palatinus, see Arches of the palate — a. Senilis,^
Gerotoxon — a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch — a.
Superciliaris, Superciliary arches — a. Unguium,,
see Nail — a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch.
Ar'da, {apc^a,) Excrement.
Ar'dalos, (ap^aAo?,) Excrement.
Ar'dent, Ardena, {ardere, 'to burn.') Hot,
fiery.
Ar'dent Fe'ver, (F.) Fiivre ardente. Causus,
Synocha or Inflammatory fever.
Ar'dent or Infla'med Eyes, (F.) Yevxardens.
The eyes are so called when injected red.
Ar'dent Spir'its, see Spirit.
Ar'dent U'rine, (F.) Urine ardente. Urine,
hot, or of a deep red.
Arde'sia Hiber'nica, Hibernicus lapis.
A.rdeur, Ardor — a. du Cawr, Cardialgia — a.
d'Eaiomac, Ardor ventriculi. Pyrosis — «. de la
Fi^vre, Ardor febrilis — a. d' Urine, Ardor urinae.
Ardis'ia Hu'milis, Badulam.
A:rdoise, see Hibernicus lapis.
Ar'dor, gen. Ardo'ris, (F.) Ardevr. Heat. A
feeling of burning, of violent heat; uEa'tut,
^atua'tio, Cauao'ma.
Ar'dor Febri'lis, (F.) Ardeur de la Fiivr*^
The hot period of fever.
Ar'dor Stom'achi, Pyrosis.
Ar'dor Uri'n^, (F.) Ardeur d' Urine. A scald«
ing sensation occasioned by the urine in passing
over the inflamed mucous membrane of the ure-
thra, or over the neck of the bladder.
Ar'dor Vene'reus, Heat, (venereal.)
Ar'dor Ventric'uli, Ebvllit"io Stom'achi,
Heartburn, (Sc.) Heartaxea, Ueartacald, Heraket
(F.) Ardeur d'Eatomac. See Cardialgia and Py-
rosis.
A'rea, (' a void place/ ' an open surface.') A
Latin word used by some authors to designate a
variety of Alopecia, in which the hair changes
color, but does not fall ofl'; also, Porrigo decal-
vans. i_
A'rea Ckl'si, Porrigo decalvans — a. Gennin-
ativa, Tache embryonnaire.
A'rea Pellu'cida. An elliptical depression in
the ovum, filled with a pellucid fluid, in the centre
of which is the germ.
A'rea Vascui.o'sa, see Circulus venosus.
Are'ca. The fruit — Are'ca nut, Be'trl wwf —
of Are'ca Cat'echu seu Faufel, Caun'ga, (F.) Ante.
82
ARECA
Ord. Palma? ; Sex. Syat. Monoecia Monadelphia ;
is astringent and tonic, and enters into the
composition of the Be'tel, the great masticatory
of the Orientals.
Are'ca Cat'echu, see Areca — a. Faufel, see
Areca.
Arefac'tion, Arefac'tio, Xeran'sis, [nrefncere,
*to make dry,' from arere, 'to dry,' and /acere,
*to make.') The process of drying substances,
prior to pulverization.
Are'na, (from areo, * I am dry.') See Gravel,
Sand.
Arena'men, Bole Armenian.
Arena'tio, Inhuma'tio, Ammocho'sia, Uho'sis,
Sand or Earth Bath, Saburra'tio. The application
of hot sand to the body. Pedilu'via [?] of sand
were formerly used in Ascites. See Bath, Sand.
Aren'ga Saccharif era, see Toddy.
Areno'sa TJri'na, {arena, * sand,') San'dy
U'rine. Urine when it deposits a sandy sediment.
Areno'sus, Sabulous. Also, one who passes
sandy urine.
Aren'ula, (dim. of arena, ' sand.') See Gravel.
Are'ola, (dim. of area,) (F.) Aire, Areole,
Vacuole. Anatomists understand by Areolse the
interstices between the fibres composing organs,
or those existing between lamina), or between ves-
sels which interlace with each other.
Areola is also applied to the colored circle
Ha'lOf Ha'los, which surrounds the nipple, Are'-
ola papilla'ria, and which becomes much darker
during pregnancy; as well as to the circle sur-
rounding certain vesicles, pustules, <fec., as the
pustules of the small-pox, the vaccine vesicle, <fcc.
Chaussier, in such cases, recommends the word
Aare'ola, (F.) Aureole.
Ahe'ola Papilla'ris, see Areola — a. Tubercles
of the, see Mamma.
Are'olar, Areola' ria, (F.) Areolaire. Apper-
taining to an areola.
Are'olar Exhala'tions are those recremen-
■titial secretions which are effected within the
•organs of sense, as the aqueous, crystalline, and
vitreous humors, Ac, or in the areolar tissue of
:parenchymatous and other structures.
Are'olar Tis'sue, Cellular Tissue.
A.reolef Areola.
Areom'eter, Armom'eter, Pycnom'eter, Gra-
rhn'eter, Alcoolom'eter, Alcobni'eter, Aerostat'ic,
Bal'ance, {apaios, 'light,* and nerpov, 'measure:'
1. Q. 'measure of liyhtness.') An instrument so
called because first employed to take the specific
gravity of fluids lighter than water. The Are-
'Ometer of Baumt, which is the most used in Phar-
macy, particularly in France, consists of a tube
of glass, largely expanded towards its inferior
•extremity, and terminating below by a small
ball, containing mercury or lead, which serves it
as a balance, so that it may remain upright in
•the fluid. This tube is furnished with a gradu-
latcd scale. If the fluid into which the areometer
is plunged be heavier than water, the instrument
arises ; if lighter, it sinks. There are various are-
ometers, as those of the Dutch, of Fahrenheit,
^Nicholson, &c. The Areometer is also called ///y-
■droin'eter, (F.) llydromhre, Areomitre, Peae-
liqnexir.
There are some hydrometers which havo a gen-
eral application for determining the specific gravi-
ties ot liquids — as Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's,
Guyton de Morveau's, and the common glass
hydrometers, including BaumC''s. C:irtier's, Twad-
dle's, Zanetti's, and the specific gravity beads;
others intended for special api»lication — as for
estimating the comparative strength of spirits ;
the comparative densities of syrups, oils, Ac. —
as Gay Lussac's, Sikes's, and Dicat's hydrometers,
and the saccharometer, urinometer, and elaeometer.
[Scales of the hydrometer nnd the correspond-
\u'i epecifio gravities are given in the United
ARGENTI
States Dispensatory, Parrish's Practical Phar^
macy, and other works.]
Ar'ete, (ap£ri7,'power.') Mental or corporeal vigor.
Arethu'sa, A. bulbo'sa; indigenous. Order,
Orchidaceae. The bruised bulbs are used in tooth-
ache, and as cataplasms to tumors.
Ar'gel, Cynanchum olesefolium.
Ar'gema, gen. Argem' atia, Ar'gemouy Ar'ge-
muH, {npycfia, apyepiov, apytfiog, from apyoi, ' white,')
Foa'sula, (F.) Encavure. A white spot or ulcera-
tion of the eye. See Leucoma.
Argemo'ne Mexica'na, {apytynavr),) Thorn
Pop'ijy, Prick'ly Pojj'py, Yel'low Thra'tle, A
native of Mexico, but naturalized in most parts
of the world. Ord. Papaveraceai. Sex. Syst.
Polyandria Monogynia. The juice resembles
gamboge, and has been used as a hydragogue.
The seeds are employed in the West Indies as a
substitute for ipecacuanha. They are also used
as a cathartic, and so is the oil — Shealkan'ta oil,
Karioah this' tie oil — which is yielded in large
quantity by the seeds. The plant grows wild
everywhere in Bengal.
Argenson, Min'eral Wa'ters of. A chalyb-
eate situate at Argenson in Dauphiny; used in
cases of obstruction, jaundice, <fec.
Argent, {apyos, 'white,') Argentum — a. Chlo'
riire d', see Argentum — a. et d'Ammotiiaqiie, chlo-
rure d', see Argentum — a. Cyanure d', see Argen-
tum — a. lodure d', see Argentum — a. Oxide d',
see Argentum — a. Petit, Platinum — a. Purijii,
see Argentum — a. Vif, Hydrargyrum.
Argente'ria, Potentilla anserina.
Argen'ti Chlo'ridum, see Argentum — a. et
Ammoniae chloridum, see Argentum — a. et Am
moniie chloruretum, see Argentum — a. Cyanidum,
see Argentum — a. Cyanuretum, see Argentum —
a. lodidum, see Argentum — a. loduretum, sec
Argentum.
Argen'ti Ni'tras, A. azo'tas, Argentum Nitra'
turn seu Ni'tricum, Sal argenti, liitrate of Silver j,
(F.) Nitrate ou Azotate d' Argent. This prep£
ration is sometimes kept in crystals, the Ni'tras t
Argenti in cryatal'loa concre'tua, Nitrate d' Argenti
cryatallixS of the Codex of Paris, La'na potab'ilia,,
Crystal'li Lu'nse, Argentum ni'tricum cryatalliaa''
txim, Ni'tras argen'ti crystal' linua, Ni'trum luna're,\
Hydrago'gum Boyl'ki; generally, however, it iff
in the fused state, and it is this which is admitted
into most Pharmacopoeias, and which, besides the
XXdiin.Q Argenti Nitraa, is coWq^L Argenti ni'traafu'aui
seu ftifia (Ph. U. S., 1873) seu fusum, Caus'ticum
luna're, Lupia inferna'lis, Argen'tum ni'tricum fu-\
«Mm,and Lunar caustic,{F.)Nitrate d' argent fondu^
Pierre infernale. It may be prepared as follows!
Take of silver, in small pieces, ^ij.; nitric acid^
^iiss.; diatilled water, q. s. Mix the acid withj
water f^i., and dissolve the silver in the mixtui
with a gentle heat ; then increase the heat, and
evaporate to dryness. Melt the dry mass, con-
tinue the heat, stirring constant!/ with a glass
rod until free nitric acid is entirely dissipatcd.i
Dissolve the salt, when cold, in distilled water,
f5vj., let the insoluble matter subside, and decan
the clear solution. Mix the residue with di
tilled water, f.^i., filter, add the filtrate to th
decanted solution, evaporate, and set aside t
crystallize. Drain the crystals until dry. Th
fused nitrate is made by melting the nitrate in i
porcelain capsule, with heat cautiously continued
and pouring into moulds.
The virtues of nitrate of silver are tonio ani
escharotic. It is given in chorea, epilepsy, <feo,
locally, it is used in various cases as an escharotiiS
Dose, gr. J to gr. i in pill, three times a day.
When silver is combined with iodine, it is saic
to have the same eff'ect as the nitrate, and not
produce the slate color of the surface, macula ar
gentea, which is apt to follow the protracted usi
of the latter.
:l
•ARGENTI
ARISTOLOCHIA
83
Argen'ti Ox'idum, see Argentum.
Argen'tic, Argen'ticus, (F.) ^rf/en^ig'Me. Con-
taining silver or one of its preparations. Caused
by silver, — as atumatite urye.ntiqae, stomatitis
caused, or presumed to be caused, by the pro-
tracted use of nitrate of silver.
Argentina Vulga'ris, Potentilla anserina.
Ar'gentine, Argento'sus, (from argentum.) Per-
taining to silver; as an 'argentine solution/ or
golution of a salt of silver.
Ar'gentine, Potentilla anserina.
Argentique, Argentic.
Argen'tum, Ar' gyrus, {apyos, ' white,') Sil'ver,
Lii'na, JDia'na, (F.) Argent. A solid metal of a
shining white appearance; insipid; inodorous;
highly sonorous; malleable and ductile; some-
what hard ; crystallizable in triangular pyramids ;
fusible a little above a red heat, and volatizable;
s. g. 10"4. Not used in medicine, unless in some
places for silvering pills. Silver leaf, Argen'tum
folia' turn, is the state in which it is used for this
purpose. Refined silver, Argentum repurgatum, is
officinal in the Ph. Br., 1867, under the name Ar-
gentum Purtjicatum, (F.) Argent pnriJiS.
The Chlo'ride, Argenti chlo'ridum, Argentum
muriat'icum seu chlora'tiim seu sali'tum, Chiorure'-
tum Argenti, Chlor'urel or Mu'riate of Silver, (F.)
Chlorure d Argent ; the Cyan'uret; the I'odide,
Argenti lo'didum, Argentum loda'tum, lodure'tum
Argenti, lod'uret of Silver, (F.) lodure d' Argent ;
the Ox'iDE, Argenti ox'idum, Argentum oxyda'tum,
(F.) Oxide d' Argent, and the Chlo'ride of Am-
MO'nia and Sil'ver, Argenti et Ammo'nim chlu'-
ridum, Argentum muriat'icum ammonia'tum, Chlo-
rure' tum Argenti et Ammo'nise, Chlo'ruret of Silver
and Ammonia, Ammonio-chloride of Silver, (F.)
Chlorure d' Argent et d' Ammonia que, have been
tised in syphilis. At first these diflerent prepara-
tions were administered iatraleptically on the
gums ; the chloride, the cyanide, and the iodide
in the dose of 1-1 2th of a grain ; the chloride of
silver and ammonia in the dose of l-14th of a
grain, and the oxide of silver, and divided silver,
in the dose of l-8th and l-4th of a grain. M.
Serre, of Montpellier, who made many trials with
them, soon found that these doses were too small ;
he therefore raised that of tbe chloride to 1-lOth,
and of the iodide to l-8th of a grain, without
any inconvenience resulting. The dose of the
other preparations was likewise increased in a
similar ratio. M. Serre extols the preparations
of silver — used internally as well as iatralepti-
cally — as antisyphilitics, but they are not to be
depended upon.
The Ci/'anide or Cyan'uret, Argenti Cyanure'-
tum seu Gyan'idum, Argentum cyanugena'tum, (F.)
Cyanure d'argent, is thus directed to be prepared
in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States : Ni-
trate of Silver, dissolved in distilled water, is put
into a tubulated glass receiver; Ferrocyanide of
Potnsfiium, dissolved in distilled water, is put into
a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the re-
ceiver. Dilute Stdphuric Acid is added to the
solution in the retort, and by means of a sand-
bath and a moderate heat, distillation is carried
on until the liquid that passes over no longer pro-
duces a precipitate in the receiver. The precipi-
tate is then washed with distilled water, and dried.
Ox'ide (f Sil'ver, Argenti Ox'idum, is made by
brecipitating a solution of the Nitrate of Silver
Dy solution of PotoHHa, drying the precipitate.
(Ph. U.S.)
Argen'tum Chlora'tum, see Argentum — a.
Cyanogenatum, see Argentum.
Argbn'tum Divi'suM, Mctal'lin silver, in very
fine powder, has been recommended internally in
syphilis.
Argkn'tum Fugiti'vum, Hydrargyrum — a. Fu-
8um, Hydrargyrum — a. lodatum, see Argentum
— a. Liquidum, Hydrargyrum — a. Mobile, Hy-
drargyrum — a. Muriaticum, see Argentum — a.
Muriaticum ammoniatum, see Argentum — a. Ox-
ydatum, see Argentum — a. Salitum, see Argen-
tum — a. Vivum, Hydrargyrum.
Argil, Pure, (apyoj, ' white.') Argilla pura.
Argile, see Argilla pura — a. Ochreuse Pale,
Bolus alba.
Argil'la, (apy/AAo? or apyi'^o^, * white clay,* from
apyos, 'white,') Argilla pura — a. Acetica, Alu-
minas acetas — a. Bolus flava. Terra lemnia — -
a. Bolus rubra. Bole Armenian — a. Ferruginea
rubra. Bole Armenian — a. Kali sulphurica, Alu-
men — a. Pallida, Bolus alba.
Argil'la Pu'ra, Ter'ra Ahi'minis seu hola'rit
seu argilla' cea pu'ra seu depura'ta seu hydra'ta,
Alu' mi na pu'ra seu depura'ta, Alumin'ii ox'idum,
pure Ar'gil or Alu'mina, (F.) Argile ou Alumine
factice. This substance, which is prepared by
drying alum and exposing it, for twenty or twenty-
five minutes, to a red heat, until the sulphuric
acid is driven off, has been recommended in indi-
gestion as antacid, as well as in vomiting and
diarrhoea accompanied with acidity. The dose
to a very young child is from ^»s. to ^j. ; to older
children, from ^j- to ^ij.
Argil'la Sulphu'rica Alcalisa'ta, Alumen
— a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsiccatum — a.
Vitriolata, Alumen.
Argiriae Acetas, Aluminas acetas — a. Sulphas,
Aluminas sulphas — a. Supersulphas alcalisatum,
Alumen.
Ar'gol, Red, Potassae supertartras impurus —
a. White, Potassae supertartras impurus.
Argumen'tum Integrita'tis, Hymen.
Argy'ria, {apyvpoi, 'silver.') Melas'ma tinc'tum,
Silver stain. The discoloration of the skin oc-
casioned by the internal use of nitrate of silver.
Argyrochae'ta, {apyv^i, 'silver,' and jcatrjj,
* hair.') Matricaria.
Argyroph.'ora, (apyupof, 'silver,' and ^tpw, 'I
bear.') A name given, by Myrepsus, to an anti-
dote which he regarded as extremely precious.
Argyrotrophe'ma, gen. Argyrotrophe'matis,
{apyvpog, ' silver,' and rpolj/j, ' food,') Blaucmanger.
Argy'rus, (apyvpos,) Argentum.
ArheumafiC, Arheumat'icus, Anhetmiat'ic, Ar-'
rheumat'icus, {a, and pEVfxa, 'fluxion or rheuma-
tism.') One without fluxion or rheumatism.
Aria, Crataegus aria — a. Cattiva, see Miasma.
Arici'na, Aric"ia, Cus'conin, Ctisco-cincho'nia,
(from Arica in South America, the place where
the bark is shipped.) An alkaloid found in Cusco
Bark, which is very similar in many of its prop-
erties to Cinchona. Cusco was the ancient resi-
dence of the Incas.
Aric'ymon, {apixvuuiv, from api, an intensive
particle, and xvuv, 'to conceive.') A name given
to a female who conceives readily.
Aride'na, {aridus, 'dry.') A Latin word em-
ployed to designate the leanness of any part.
Aridity, Arid'itas, (F.) Aridite, (same ety-
mon.) The French use the word Aridite to ex-
press the dryness of any organ, and particularly
of the skin and tongue, when such dryness is so
great as to render the organ rough to the touch.
Aridity also means the lanuginous appearance of
the hair in some diseases in which it Sieems cov-
ered with dust.
Aridu'ra, (same etymon.) Wasting or ema-
ciation of the whole or of any part of the body.
Marasmus, Atrophy.
Aridu'ra Cor'dis, Heart, atrophy of the — a.
Hepatis, Hepatrophia.
Ari'ka, see Spirit.
Arisee'ma (gen. Arism'matis) Atrcru'bens,
Arum triphyllum — a. Dracontium, Arum dracon^
tium.
Aristal'thaea, (apurro^, ' best,* and althasa,) Al-
thaea.
Aristoloolii'a or Aristolo'chia, (apKrros, 'bwst,'
84
ARISTOLOCHIA
AROMA
and Xoxtia, 'parturition;' so called, because the
different varieties wore supposed to aid parturi-
tion,) liirthwort, (F.) Anaioloche. Ord. Aristo-
loohiaoea). Several varieties were onoo in use.
Akistolochi'a Ca'va, Fuuiaria bulbosa.
Aiustolochi'a Clkmati'tis, AriHtoUn-ltia vitl-
ga'n'a seu Cre'tica sen ten'tiia, A'drn Hi'za, i'p-
rujht Birthwort, (F.) Arl»tolovhe ordinaire, Pom-
tneraane. The root has been considered stimulant
and eiuuienagogue, and as such has been used iu
amenorrhu'a, chlorosis, and cachexia.
Akistolochi'a Cukt'ica, A. olematitis — a. Fa-
baoea, Fuuiaria bulbosa — a. liastata, see A. ser-
peutaria — a. llirsuta, see A. serpentaria.
Akistolochi'a Lon'ga, and A. Kotun'da, (F.)
Ari»to/oche loiDjue, A. roiide, L>nitf and Hound
Birthwort. Virtues the saiuo as the preceding.
Auistolocihi'a riSTOLOCHl'A, Pinttdochi'a Arig-
iolochia, J\>li/rrhi'sa. (F.) Aristolovhe crfnelt'e.
This variety has au aromatic odor, and an acrid
and bitter tasto.
Akistolochi'a Reticula'ta, see A. serpentaria
— a. Rotundiv, see A. longa.
Akistolochi'a SKRrKNTA'mA, Serpenta'ria, S.
Vinjinia'naf Vip<"rn'riii, Viperi'na Viryinia'na,
Coliibri'ttn Viryinia'na, Contrayer'va Viryiuia'na,
(F.) Serpentaire ot Arittolocke nerpentnire de Vir-
ginia, Colnvrine on Ooulvntreti oil Vip^rine de Vir-
ginie, Virffin'ia Snake'root, i!!ser'pt'ntarif Boot,
Snake'root Birth'tcort, Snake'ioeed, Snay'rel. Vir-
tues of the root — Serpentix'rin (Ph. U. S.), Ser-
pentan'tr Radix (Ph. B.) — tonic, stimulant; and
as such employed iu debility, intermittents, «.tc.
Akistolochi'a Hiksc'ta, A. Uasta'ta, and A.
Rktici'La'ta, indigenous, are employed indis-
criminately with A. Serpentaria under the name
SerpentjM-ia or Virginia Snakeroot. The virtues
appear to reside iu a bitter extraotiform matter,
called Ser'pentarin.
Akistolochi'a Si'pho, Dutchman'g pipe, and A.
ToMBNTo'sA, indigenous, have virtues like those
of A. Seri)ontaria.
AkistolocuTa Tkn'i'is, a. olematitis — a. To-
mentosiv, see A. sipho — a. Trilida, A. trilobata.
Aristolochi'a Tkiloba'ta, a. tri/ida, (F.)
Ari»toloche triloht^e. A plant of Surinam and Ja-
maica, possessing the general virtues of the Aris-
tolochiacejv. The other varieties of Arisioloohia
have similar properties.
Akistolochi'a Vulga'ris Rotun'da, Fumaria
bulbosa.
Aristoloch'ic, Ariatoloch'icns. Same etymon.
An old term for remedies supposed to have the
property of promoting the tlow of the lochia.
Aris'ton Magnum, and Axis ton Par'vuxn,
{ap«rroi, •excellent.') These names were lormerly
given to pharmaceutical preparations, used in
phthisis, tormina, aud fever.
Aristophanei'on, (af>«ntx/wv««o»..) A sort of emol-
lient plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch,
two of apochyma, one of wax, an ounce of opo-
ponax. and half a pint of vinegar. Not used.
Arkau'sas, Mineral Wa'ters of. About five
miles from the Washita or OuachitA River, aud
about a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana
line, there are about tifty-four of those springs —
Ouachita or H^iiAjVa Sprinyt. They are thermal,
varying from 93° to 150° Fahrenheit, and are
employed in rheumatism, cutaneous affections, «!fcc.
Ark'bein (So.), Pubis os.
Arkei'on, (H^ccof.) Arctium lappa.
Arlada, Realgar.
Aries, Mineral Wa'ters of. Bain$ pri»
Arlea o\x AmSiie-lrt-Baiiia. Thermal sulphureous
springs in the department of Pyr^u^es Orien-
talos, France. Their temperature is 103° to 145°
of Fahr., and they contain sulphohydrio acid.
The season is from the iJtb of May to the 15th
of October.
Arm, Brachium.
Ar'ma, Penis — a. Ventris, Penis.
Armamenta'riam, {armare, 'to equip,') Arse-
nal — a. Chirurgicum, see Arsenal — a. Portabile,
see Case.
Arma'rinm, (from armn, 'arms,') Arsenal.
Ar'matory Un'guent, lloplochrisma.
Armatu'ra, Amnion.
Ar'md, (up/"/, from up«, ' I adapt.') Any physi-
ological or mecbauicnl junction or union of parts.
A suture, as of the cranium.
Armeni'aca Epirot'ica, Pmnus Armeniaca —
a. Malus, Apricot, see Pruuus — a. Vulgaris, Pru-
uus Arnieniuca.
Arme'nian Stone, Melocbites.
Armeni'tea, Melocbites.
Armil'lee Ma'nus Membrano'sse, {armilla, * a
bracelet.') Annular ligaments of the carpus.
Artuoise Jilanrhe, Artemisia rupestris — o.
Commune, Artemisia vulgaris — a. Estragon, Ar-
temisia dracuuculus — a. Ordinaire, Artemisia
vulgaris.
Armoni'aoum, Ammoniac, gam.
Armora'cia, (from Armor iv<t, where it was
largely cultivated.) in the British Pharmacopueia
the fresh root of Cochlearia armoracia. Inter-
nally, it is stimulant; externally, rubefacient.
It is usually employed as a ooudimeut. See Coch-
learia armoracia.
Akmoka'cia Rustica'na, Cochlearia armoracia
— a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoracia.
Ar'monr, Condom.
Arinure des ttatnb^Sf see Comu ammonis.
Ar'mus, Humerus — a. Summus, Acromion.
Arn, Alnus glutinosa.
Arnald'ia, Amaldie. A disease, which ap-
pears to have prevailed in England at one time,
I but whose origin aud nature are unknown. It
was accompanied with loss of hiiir ; and, by some,
is supposed to have been Syphilis. " Deiude
uterque Rex incidit in cegritudinem, quom Ar-
naldiam vocant, in qua ipsi usque ad mortem
laborantes. capillos sues deposuerunt." — Rogerus
Uovedeiius, in Ricardo I., cited by Du Cauge.
Ar'nioa Monta'na. (Derivation uncertain.)
^r'Mif«i, Leopard't Bane, Doron'ieum Gennan'-
I'cMM* seu Oppoaiti/o'littm seu Piantag"inis JoliOf
Ar'nica Plauen'via, Alin'ma, Ac"yms, Binret'i
Panace'a lapao'rum, I^ar'mica moMta'tta, Cal'tht
seu Calen'dnla Alpi'nay Aar'dus Cel'tica al'tera,
(F.) Arniqne, Bftoine ou Tabae de» Mt>utoyne*f\
Tabac det Voage^, Taboc ou Bftoine dea ^'««ro
yardt, Doronic d'AHevioyne, Plantain ou iS'okc
dea Aipea. Sex. /Syat. Syngenesia Polygamia su-
perflua. Ord. Composite. The plant and tlower8,j
Antica, (Ph. U. S., 1S73,) and the root — Ai^ica^
(Ph. B., 1S67) — have been considered narcotic^
stimulant, enimenagogue. diuretic, Ao.; aud, a
such, have been given in amaurosis, paralysis
all nervous affections, rheumatism, gout, chlo
j nisis, Ac. Dose, gr. v. to \., in powder. In lai
doses it is deleterious.
Au'mca Mol'lis, and A. NrniCAVL'is, are suj
posed to have medical virtues like the last.
Ar'nica Plaikn'sis, Arnica montana — a. Spu-i
ria. Inula dysenterioa — a. Suedensis, Inula dya-
enterica.
Arnique, Arnica montana.
Arnoglos'sum, t<«pw$. * a lamb,' and yX«
' the tongue," from the shape of its leaves,
t-ago.
Ar'nold's Gan'glion, Otic Ganglion.
Ar'noi.d's Nkrvk. The auricular branch of
the pneumogastrio.
Ar'notta, Terra Orleana,
Ar'nott's Dila tor, see Dilator, Arnott's.
j Ar'nut, Bunium bulbocastanum.
Aroei'ra, Schinus arwira. ^
I Aroma, gen. Aro'matia, (i»fMn», 'perfume:
I from apt. * intensive,* and •r^f *'r «>♦"• ' odor,' oi
ftrom o^, ♦ I make fitting or agreeable.) ArtjfH'ia,
Plau-
AKOMATE
ARS
85
Spir'itua Rector, (F.) Ar6me. The odorous part
of ])larit8. An emanadon — frequently imponder-
able — from bodies, which acts on the organ of
smell, ami varitis with the body exhaling it.
Arotnute, Aromatic.
Aromat'ic, Arotnat'icua, (¥.) Aromate. Any
odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetaVjle
kingdom, which contains much volutile oil, or a
light and expansible n^sin. Aroinatics are used
in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming. In
medicine they are employed aw stimulants. Gin-
ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, <fcc., belong to
this class.
Ar'omatize, (F.) Aromatiaer. To add to a
mixture or potion some aromatic, to mask its
taste or render it more agreeable. Such mix-
ture is then said to be ar'omatized.
Aromatopo'Ia, (apu»iJiaT(mu>XtK, from aroma, and
nmXcu), 'L sell.') An apothecary or druggist.
One who sells 8|*ices.
Ar'on, («f»v,) Arum.
Ar'oph. A barbarous word, which had vari-
ous significations with the ancients. ParacelHus
emjjloyed it to designate a lithontriptic remedy.
The mandragora, according to some. Also, a
mixture of bread, saffron, and wine.
Aii'oF>H Pauacki/hi, Ferrum ammonjatum.
ArqurMuftade, Ha/u d', (F.) {nrquebuae, *a hand
/un,') A'qud tratifnat'ica Thede'nii seu Thedia'na
i;u sclopeta'ria ecu vuliiera'ria seu. catapulta'rum,
Miatu'ra vuliiera'ria ac"ida, Eau vuliiernire, E.
V, apiritneuae. A Sort of vulnerary water, dis-
tilled from a farrago of aromatic plants. lioae-
ninn/, tbiss. ; milie/oil, thyme, each tbss. ; Proof
xpirit, 2 gallons — distil a gallon. This is one
i'onn. Different vulnerary waters of this kind
were formerly used externally, as well as inter-
■liilly. They have been given, too, empirically in
liolera; and, according to Borchardat, credulity
iiis ascribed similar virtues to Ohortreuae, {Li-
iiif'-nr, Elixir de,) Liqueur dea Cardin<nix, <fec.,
vviiich, he thinks, may be replaced by their " elder
sister," the Eou vulnSraire apiritneuae.
Arr (Sc), Cicatrix.
Arrac/u;ment, (F.) (from arracher, *to tear
out,*) Apoaptia' ma, Abrup'tio, Avul'aio. Act of
separating a part of the body by tearing it from
the bonds connecting it with others. Evulsion.
Laceration.
Arrachement is applied to certain operations,
as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of
a polyp aa, <fcc.
Arrack', Arack. See Spirit.
Ar'raphon, {(M)'^iv\>ov, from a, and ^ar/>»7, * a suture,*
— ' without suture.') A term applied to the cra-
nium when it presents no sutures.
Arrec'tio, [arriyo, arrectum, * I set upright,')
Erection.
Arrecto'res Pilo'rum, see Horrida cutis.
Arred (He), see Scar.
Arrep'tio, Insanity.
Arres'ta Bo'vis, Ononis spinosa.
Arrfit d' HiltJUin,, Remora Hildani.
Arrf'tf-lifPAif, (Arrenta liooia,) Ononis spinosa.
Arrheumat'ic, Arheumatic.
Arrhoe'a, {ap(ma, from a, and ^£w, * I flow.')
The supfiression of any flux. Amenorrhcxia.
Arrhoste'ma, gen. Arrhoate'matlH, (apfMaarrnia,
from afiiiuxTrcu), ' I lose strength.') Disease.
Arrhos'tia, (aiifjoana,) Disease, Infirmity.
Arrhyth'mus, (ap()vSiJOi, from a, and ^^iios,
'rhythm,') Cacorrhythinus.
Arriba, Geoffraea vermifuga.
ArrUre- IU»tclui, [arri^re, — ar, and retro, —
'behind,' and bouche, 'mouth,') Pharynx — a.-
Lent, see Dentition — a.-Fnix, Secundines.
Arri^re-Gwf/e (F,), 'back throat.' The por-
tion of the pharynx situated behind the tonsils,
and the velum pendulum, which can be seen by
depressing the tongue.
ArrUre-Gfmt, (F.) 'after taste.' The tast©
left by certain bodies in the mouth for some time
after they have been swallowed, owing perhaps to
the papilla) of the mouth having imbibed the
savory substance.
Arril^rf.-Narines, Nares, posterior.
Arroclw, Airi\)\iix hortensis — a. Puant, Ch»-
nopodium vulvaria.
Ar'rope, see Wine, sherry.
ArroHi'nifitt, {ar, and roa, 'dew,') Aspersion.
Ar'row, Caus'tic, see Caustic.
Ar'row Head, Sagittaria variabilis.
Ar'rowleaf, Sagittaria variabilis.
Ar'rowpoison, Poiaon de Jl^rhea. This differs
with different tribes of Indians. By some, the
poison capsicum, and infusions of a strong kind
of tobacco, and of euphorbiacea) are mixed to-
gether, with the poisonous emmet, and the teeth
of the formidable serpent, called by the Peruvian
Indians, Miuamoru or Jer'yon — Lache'aia pic'ta
of Tschudi. See Curare.
The arrowpoison of Borneo is called there
iJajaakach ; that obtained by Dr. Kirk of the
Zambesi expedition, Mauyanja.
Ar'rowroot, Firc'rUa Maran'tfP,, Am'ylnm ma-
raiita'ceuiih seu America'uum. The fecula of the
rhi/iOma of Maran'ta Arundina' cea, Mn.ranta (Ph.
U. S.), Ord. Marantacea?, which, like all fecula),
is emollient and nutritive, when prepared with
water, milk, Ac.
Dr. Carson has shown that Flor'ida ar'rowroot
is derived from Za'rnia inteyrifo'lia or Z. pu'inila,
Sugar pine, Ord. Cycadacea) ; JJermuda arrowroot
being obtained from M'irauta arundinacea. Flor-
ida arrowroot, as well as the farina, is known in
the Southern States under the name Coonti or
Coontie, Talcuhua'no arrowroot, on the Siime
authority, is obtained from Alxtroeme'ria, Fom.
Amaryllidacca), of tropical America, and extra-
tropical Australia.
According to Dr. Ainslie, an excellent kind of
arrowroot is prepared in Travancore from the root
of Curctima anguatifolia, Ord. Zingiberacea).
Arrowroot rnu'cilaye or pop is made by rubbing
arrowroot powder with a little cold water, in a
basin, by means of the back of a spoon, until it is
completely mixed with the water; then pouring
boiliny water over it, stirring assiduously until a
soft, gelatinous, tenacious mucilage is formed;
and, lastly, boiling for five minutes. A table-
spoonful of arrowroot powder is sufficient to make
a pint of mucilage. It may be moderately sweet-
ened ; and wine or lemon-juice may be added.
With milk also it forms a bland and nutritious
article of diet.
Ar'rowroot, Brazil'ian. The fecula of Ja-
tropha Munilutt.
Ar'rowroot, Com'mon, see Solanum tuberosum.
Ar'rowroot, East Ini>'ian. The fecula of the
tubers of Curcuma anguatifolia, or narrow-leaved
Turmeric.
Ar'rowroot, Eng'lish, Arrowroot, common —
a. Portland, see Arum maculatum.
Ar'rowkoot, Tahi'ti, Tuc'ca starch, Otuhei't*
Salep. The fecula of Tacca Oceanica.
AR'R0WRfK>T, Talcahuan'a, See Arrowroot.
Ar'rowweed, Sagittaria variabilis.
Ar'rowwood, Euonymus, Viburnum dentatum.
Ar'row Wounds. These belong to the class of
penetrating and [lunctured wounds, with more or
less laceration.
Arryth'mia, Arythm.
Ars (gen. Artia) Cabalis'tica, Cabal — a.
Chymiatrica, Chimiatria — a. Clysmatica nova.
Infusion of medicines — a. Coquinaria, Culinary
art — a. Cosmetica, Cosmetics — a. Culinaria, Cu-
linary art — a. Einpirica, Empiricism — a. For
mulas medicas concinnandi, see Prescription — a.
Hermctica, Chemistry — a. Homoeopathica, Ho-
moeopathy — a. llydriatrica, liydrosudotherapeia
86
ARSALTOS
— a. Infusoria, Infusion of medicines — a. Macha-
onia, Medioina — a. Maeeutica, Obstetrics — a.
Majorum, Chemistry — a. Medica, Medioina — a.
Obstetricia, Obstetrics — a. Sanandi, Art, healing
— a. Separatoria, Chemistry — a. Signata, Cabal
— &. Spagyrioa, Chemistry — a. Sphygmica,
Spbygmologia — a. Veterinaria, Veterinary art —
a. Zoiatrica, Veterinary art.
Arsal'tos, Asphaltum.
Arsa'tum, Nymphomania.
Arsecock'le (So.), (synonymous with Teut.
»ers-bleyne, tuberculum in ano.) Originally, a
hot pimple on the hips. Now, in Scotland, a sim-
ilar pimple on the face or any part of the body.
Amcftal (P.), Chirapothe'ca, Armainenta'rium,
A. Chirur'gicum, Arma'rium. A collection of
surgical instruments. A work containing a de-
scription of surgical instruments. Armainenta'-
rium obstet'ricum has the same significations in
regard to obstetrics.
Arseni'asis, Arsenicismus.
Arsen'iate, Ar»en'iaa, (P.) ArsSniate, ffrom
aparjv, ' vigorous.') A salt formed by a combina-
tion of arsenic acid with a salifiable base.
Absen'iate op Ammo'nia, Ammo'nise Araen'ias,
Ainmo'nium Araen'icnm seu Arsenic" icum, (P.)
Arsiniate d' Ammoni-ique. This preparation is
hij;hly extolled in cutaneous diseases. A grain
of the salt may be dissolved in an ounce of dis-
tilled water, and 20 to 25 drops be commenced
with as a dose. This constitutes the Li'quor ar-
tenica'lia Biet"tii.
Arsbn'iatk op I'ron, Fer'roua araen'iate, Fer'ri
Araen'iaa, (Ph. B., 1867,) Fer'rtim Araenia'tum
seu Araenic"icum oxt/dula'tum, (P.) Araeniate de
Fer. This preparation has been applied exter-
niilly to cancerous ulcers. An ointment may be
made of ^»%. of the arseniato, IJij. of the phos-
phate of iron, and ^vj. of spermaceti ointment.
The arseniate has also been given internally in
cancerous aflfeotions, in the dose of one-sixteenth
of a grain.
Arsen'iate op Protox'ide op Potas'sium, Pro-
to-araen'iate of Potaa' aium, Araen'iate of Polaa'aa,
Araen'iaa Potaa'ase seu Ka'li, (P.) AraSniate de
Potitaae, Sel ara4nical de Macquer, Properties the
same as those of arsenious acid.
Arsex'iatb op Qui'nia, Quiniae arsenias.
Arsbs'iatb op So'da, So'dse araen'iaa, Sodii
araeniaa (Ph. U. S., 1873), Na'trum araenic"icum,
Araeniate of aodium, (F.) AraSniate de Sonde.
Made by mixing powdered araeniona acid, ni-
tv'ite of aodium, and dried carbonate of aodittm,
heating until effervescence ceases, and putting the
fused salt when solidified into hot water, filtering
and crystallising. It is the basis of Pearaon'l
'^' '■'-/«, Li'qiutr nraenica'lia Penrao'nii, Liqueur
'raon, Solution araf.nicdfe de Penraon, which
:iied of one grain of the crystallized araeniate
t-* one fluidounoe of diatilled water. Dose, gtt.
XX. Liqumr ao'dm araenia'tia (Ph. B., 1867),
Li'quftr Sft'dii Araenia'tia (Ph. U. S., 1873), ^o-
Intntn of Araeniate of Sodium, Solu'tion of Ar-
len'iate of So'da, is four times the strength of this.
Hei'necke'a Solu'tion consists of the araeniate, gr.
Tj., peppermint loiter, f,^iiss., toine of cinnamon,
f^H*., laudanum, f^}. Dose, forty to fifty drops.
Ari$Htlat« df> Sotule, Arseniato of soda.
Ar'ieaio, Ara,-n'icum, (Ph. U. S.) (appnv, or
«<^'/»', * Tigorous.') A solid metal, s. g. 5-88 ; of
a «t«oI.gray color ; granular texture : very brittle ;
roliitiiieing before mc'lting ; very combu.stihle and
aoidjfiablo. It is not dangerous of itself, and
only boooraos so by virtue of the facility with
whiflh it absorbn oxyg«n.
Armf^Ui BUtnfi, Arsonioum album — a. Hy-
droohlorlo, Holution of, Liquor arwcnici ohloridi.
An'NK^rio, roriiiiK or, Amnn'ici lo'didum (Ph!
\J. H.) seu Terio'didum sou lodure'tum, Araen'-
»e.iin loda'tum, Hi/dri'odeu ilrteii'ici, formed by
ARSENICUM
the combination of arsenic and iodine. This
preparation, applied externally, has been highly
extolled in various cutaneous aflections. An oint-
ment may be made of three grains of iodide to
^j. of lard. It bus also been given internally in
the dose of a tenth of a grain in similar afi"ections.
Ab'senic, Ox'iDE OF, Arsenicum album — a.
Oxide of, white, Arsenicum album — a. Red Sul-
phuret of, Realgar — a. White, Arsenicum album.
Ar'senic and Mek'cuby, I'odide op, Hydrar'-
gyri et Araen'ici lo'didum, Double I'odide of
Mer'cuj-y and Ar'senic, 1' odo-ar' senile of Mer'cury.
A compound, which has been proposed as more
efficacious than either the iodide of arsenic or
the iodide of mercury. It is made by tritura-
ting 6*08 grains of arsenic; 14-82 grains of mer-
cury, and 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachm of alcohol,
until the mass has become dry, and from being
deep brown has become pale red. Eight ounces
of diatilled water are poured on, and, after tritu-
ration for a few moments, the whole is trans-
ferred to a flask ; half a drachm of hydriodic
acid, prepared by the acidification of two grains
of iodine, is added, and the mixture is boiled for
a few moments. When the solution is cold, make
the mixture up to i^viij. with distilled water.
This is called by JVir. Donovan, the proposer.
Liquor Arsen'ici et Hydrar'gyri lo'didi, each
drachm of which, by measure, consists of water,
^j.; arsenious acid, gr. l-8th; peroxide of mer-
cury, gr. l-4th ; iodine, converted into hydriodic
acid, gr. 3-4ths. In the Ph. U. S., (1873,) it is
directed to be made of Ameyici lodidum and Hy-
drargyri Jodidum rubrvm, each gr. xxxv. ,• Aqua
destillata, Oss. ; dissolving by rubbing, adding
water, and filtering.
The dose of Don'ovan'a Solu'tion, Li'quor DonO'
van'i, is from 11\,x. to fgss., two or three times a
day.
It has been used successfully in inveterate cu-
taneous diseases.
Arsen'ieal, Arsenica'lis, (F.) Arsinical. Re-
lating, or ajipertaining to, or containing, arsenic.
Arsen'ical Paste, (P.) Pdte ArsSnicale. This
application to cancers is formed of 70 parts of
cinnabar, 22 of dragon's bloody and 8 of arsenioua
acid ; made into a paste with saliva, when about
to be applied.
Arsen'ical Pow'ders of pRiRE CQme, and of
JusTAMOND, gee Powder, arsenical.
Arsen'ical Solu'tion, see Arseniate of soda^
and Liquor arsenicalis.
Arsen'ici Hydri'odas, Arsenic, iodide of— a.
lodidum. Arsenic, iodide of — a. loduretum, Ar-
senic, iodide of — a. Teriodidum, Arsenic, io-
dide of.
Arsenici'asis, Arsenicismus.
Arsenicism'us, Arsenici'asis, Arseni'asis, /«-
toxica' tio Aisenica'lia. Poisoning by arsenic.
Ar8enico'ph,ag6, (arsenic, and ^ayu, 'I eat,')
see Arsenicum album.
Arsen'ioum, Arsenic.
AnsEN'icuM Al'bi'm, White Ar'senic, Ox'ide
of Ar'senic, Rats'bane, Araen'ici ox'idum al'btim,
Calx Araen'ici al'ba, Ac"idutti Arsenica' Hum seu
Arsenio'sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsen'ioua ac"id, White
or'ide of ar'senic, (F.) Arsfuic blanc. An acid
which is met with in commerce, in compact, white,
heavy, fragile masses; of a vitreous aspect, opaque,
and covered with a white dut^t; of an acrid and
nauseous taste; without smell when cold; vola-
tilizable by heat, and exhaling the odor of gar-
lic ; soluble in water, alcohol, and oil ; crystal-
lizable in regular octahedrons. It is this that is
meant by the name arsenic, as commonly used.
Arsen'icum AL'BtfM Si'blima'tiim, Sublimed
Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in medi-
cine. It is tonic and escharotio, and is the most
virulent of mineral poisons. It is used in iiiter-
mittents, periodical headaches, neuroses, Ac. Dose,
ARSENICUM
ARTEMISIA
87
gr. one-tenth to one-eighth, in pill. In some
_, countries — as in the mountainous regions of Aus-
tria, Styria, and the Tyrol — arsenic is eaten ha-
bitually, beginning with small doses and gradu-
ally increasing them. It is said to favor nutrition,
and to improve the respiration in ascending
heights. Some of the araenicophagea can take
great quantities with impunity.
Arsen'icum Ioda'tum, Arsenic, iodide of — a.
Rubrum factitium, Realgar.
Ar'senis, Arsenite — a. Potassae, Arsenite of
protoxide of potassium — a. Potassa? aquosus,
Liquor arsenicalis — a. Potassaj liquidus, Liquor
arsenicalis.
Ar'senite, Ar'senis. A salt, formed by a com-
bination of the arsenious acid with a salifiable
base.
Ar'senite op Cop'per, Cu'pn ar'senis. A sub-
stance well known in the arts as a pigment,
used to give color to confectionery, under the
names Par'is green, Eni'erald green, French green.
It generally contains earthy substances, either to
cheapen it, or to vary the shade of color; and
probably differs from Scheele's green and Schwein-
furth's green in containing less arsenious acid.
Paris green, by some, is regarded as a mixture
of subcarbonate of cojiijer and arsenite of copper.
It has been taken as a poison with fatal conse-
quences.
Ar'senite op Protox'idb op Potas'sium, Proto-
ar'senite of Potas'sium, Ar'senite of Potas'sn,
Ar'senis Potas'sx. An uncrystallizable and col-
orless salt, which forms the basis of the liquor
arsenicalis.
Ar'senite op Qui'nia, Quiniae arsenis.
Arse-smart, Bi'ting, Polygonum hydropiper.
Art, Hearing, Ars Sanan'di, Medici'na. The
appropriate application of the precepts of the
best physicians, and of the results of experience
to the treatment of disease.
Art, Vet'erinary, Veterinary art.
Ar'tabe, (a^jra/?^.) Name of a Persian meas-
ure for dry substances, in use with the ancients,
equal at times to 5 modii j at others, to 3j and
at others, again, to 7.
Artan'the Elonga'ta, (aprof, * bread,' and av^rj,
'flower,') see Matico.
Ar'telsheim, Min'eral Wa'ters of. These
German waters have been much recommended in
hysteria, gout, palsy, &c. Their physical or
chemical properties have not been described.
Artemisia, Anaeti' rion, (after a queen of the
name, who first employed it; or from ApTCfjiii,
* Diana,' because it was formerly used in diseases
of women, over whom she presided.) Ord.
Compositae. The Gauls called it Pricumutn.
Artemis'ia Abrot'anum, Abrot'anum, Abrot'-
onum, Abrot'anum Cath'sum seu Mas, Abrathan,
South' ernioood, Oldinan, Slovenioood, (F.) Abro-
tone, Aurone, Aurone mdle, Aurone des jardins,
Garderobe, Gitronelle. Supposed to be possessed
of stimulant properties.
Oil of Southernwood, O'leum Abrot'ani, (F.)
Huile d' Aurone, possesses the aromatic properties
of the plant.
Artemis'ia Absin'thium, Ahsin'thium, A. vul-
ga're, Apsin'thium, Bdrypi'cron, Com'mon Worm'-
wood, Worm' it, (F.) Absinthe. The tops and
leaves are officinal. Its virtues are tonic and an-
thelmintic. The Oil of Wormwood, O'leum Ab-
sin'thii, (F.) Huile d'Absinthe, contains the aro-
matic virtues of the plant.
A bitter liqueur, called Absinthe, which is ex-
tensively used in France, is made from the leaves
infused in brandy, or from alcohol mixed with
volatile oil of wormwood, and other less active in-
gredients, especially oil of anise. It produces in
overdose Absinthism, a series of phenomena of
poisoning somewhat different from those of alco-
holism, consisting of hallucinationB. peculiar con-
tractions of the muscles of the lips and face,
tremblings in the limbs, numbness, physical
prostration, emaciation, giddiness, headache, de-
lirium, dementia, and paralysis, frequently result-
ing in death.
Artemis'ia A'pra, a South African species, is
tonic, antispasmodic, and anthelmintic ; and has
been used in debility of the stomach, visceral ob-
structions, jaundice, and hypochondriasis. It is
taken in infusion, decoction, and tincture. A
strong infusion is used by the Cape Colonists as
a collyrium in weakness of the eyes; and the
pounded leaves and stalks are employed as dis-
cutients in oedema and sugillations.
Artemis'ia Al'ba, A. santonica — a. Balsamita,
A. pontica.
AmKUis'iABiEN'ms, Bien'nial Wormwood; in-
digenous.
Artkmis'ia Bo'trys, Chenopodium ambrosi-
oides.
Artemis'ia Campes'tris, Field Southernwood,
(F.) Aurone des Champs, This possesses the
same properties as A. Abrot'anum.
Artemis'ia Canaden'sis, Canada wormwood —
a. Caudata: indigenous — a. Chenopodium, Che-
nopodium botrys.
Artemis'ia Chinen'sis, A. In'dica, A. Max' a.
From this the Chinese form their moxas.
Artkmis'ia Con'tra, grows in Persia, Asia Mi-
nor, and other parts of the East.
Artemis'ia Dracun'culus, Dracun'culus, Tnr'-
agon,{F.) Armoise estragon, Estragon. The leaves
and the oil are much used to season food, espe-
cially in the form of Es'tragon vin'egar.
Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, SilJci/ Wormwood ;
Artemis'ia In'dica, Artemisia Chinensis, A.
santonica ;
Artemis'ia Juda'ica, growing in Palestine,
Arabia, China, Cochin China, and Northern
Africa;
Artemis'ia Leptophyl'la, A. pontica ;
Artemis'ia Marit'ima, Absin'thium Mari'num
seu Marit'imum, Sea Worm' wood, Mar'itime South-
ernwood ;
Artemis'ia Mox'a, A. Chinensis ; and
Artemis'ia Pon'tica, A. Roma'na seu Tenui-
fo'lia seu Balsami'ta seu Leptophyl'la, Absinthium
Pon'ticum seu Itoma'num, Ro'man Worm'wood,
Lesser Worm'wood, possesses like virtues; as
well as
Artemis'ia Roma'na, A. pontica;
Artemis'ia Ru'bha, A. santonica; and
Artemis'ia Kupes'tris, Crecp'ing Worm'wood,
Gen'ipi ul'bum, (F.) Armoise blanc, Genipi blanc.
This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in
intermittents and in amenorrhoea.
Artemis'ia Santon'ica, A. Cina, Santon'ieum,
C'tn'ni Her'ba, Chamse'cedrns, Chamse' cyparis' sus,
Absin'thium Santon'ieum, Xnidoli'na, Sche'baAr'-
abum, Si'na seu Ci'na Levan'tica, Tarta'rian
South' ernwood, (F.) Barbotine. From this and
other species of absinthium is obtained the so-
called Semen contra vermes, seu Contra seu Zedo-
a'risesevL Snnton'ici seuCinsr, Hogiosperm'iim, Sanc-
tum Semen, Wormseed, Levant Wormseed — Sati-
tonica (Ph. U. S.) — which do not consist of seeds,
but of broken peduncles. Virtues: — anthelmin-
tic and stimulant. Dose, gr. x. to ^j. in powder.
Its active principle is San'tonin, Suntouinum ( Ph.
U. S., 1873), the dose of which is from two to five
grains in the day for a child six or eight years
of age.
Artemis'ia Tenuifo'lia, A. pontica.
Artemis'ia Vulga'ris, Artemis'ia ru'bra et
al'ba, Cin'gidum Sanc'ti Joan'nis,3fa'terHerba'rum,
Berenise'cum, liubastecor' diuvi, Canapa'cia, Mvg'.-
wort, (F.) Armoise ordinaire, A. Commune, Hcrbe
de Saint Jean, Ceinture on Conronne de Sain\
Jean. This, as well as some other varieties, pos-
the general tonio virtues of the Artemisiaa
88
ARTERE
ARTERIOGRAPHY
Artemisia vulgaris has been highly extolled by
the Germans in oases of epilepsy. Dose of the
powder, in the twenty-four hours, from gss.
to ^.
Arti^re, Artery — a. Brarhio-ciphalique, In-
nominata arteria — a. Ctecale, see Colic arteries
f,. Clitorienne, see Clitoris — a. Collaterale du
eoude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a. Collat-
(rnle externe, Arteria profunda humeri — a. Col-
laUrnle interne, Anastomoticus magnus ramus —
a. Coronnire dea livres, Labial artery — «. Cnro-
naire stomachique, Coronary artery — a. DeuxiHie
ieit thnrttciqnes, Arteria thoraoica externa inferior
— a. J^pinen^e, Meningeal artery, middle — o.
Fimoro - poplitfe, Ischiatio artery — a. Feaai^re,
Gluteal artery — a. Gastriqne droite petite, Pylo-
ric artery — a. Gnttnro-maxillaire, Maxillary ar-
tery, internal — a. Honteuse externe, Pudic, exter-
nal, artery — a. Honteuse interne, Pudic, internal,
artery — a. Hamf.r<ile profonde, Arteria profunda
humeri — n. Hinqne primitive, Iliac artery — a. In-
nominSe, Innominata arteria — a. Irienne, Ciliary
artery — a. hchio-pinienne, see Pudic, internal, ar-
tery — a. MSdinne antSrieure, Spinal artery, ante-
rior — a. MSdiane post^rienre du rnchia, Spinal
artery, posterior — a. Meningie inoyenne, Meningeal
artery, middle — a. Meningienne ponterieure, Pre-
vertebral artery — a. Mentonniire, Mental artery —
a. Miaocijthaliqne, Baailary artery — a. Mesoco-
lique, see Colic artery — n. Mnsculaire du bras,
Arteria profunda humeri — n. Muacalnire du bras,
qrnnde, see Collateral arteries of the arm — a. Mua-
eulaire grande de la cniase, Arteria profunda fem-
oris — a. Opiathognstriqne, Coeliac artery — a, Orbi-
tnire, Ophthalmic artery — n. de V Ovuire, Sperma-
tic artery — a. Pelvi-crurnle, Iliac artery — a. Pel-
vienne. Hypogastric artery — a. Premiere dea tho
raciyue*, Arteria thoracica externa superior — o.
Rndio-carpienne trauHveraale palmnire, Radio-
carpal artery — a. Scrotale, Pudic, external, ar-
tery — a. S'>ua-claviire, Subclavian artery — a.Soua-
puhienne, Pubic, internal, artery — a. Sous-pubio-
/^//lora/e. Obturator artery — a. Soua-aternal, Mam-
mary, internal — a. SphSno-^pinenae, Meningeal
artery, middle — a. Stomognatrique, Coronary ar-
tery — It. Sua-carpienne, see Sua-carpien — a. Sua-
mnxilliire, Alveolar artery, Buccal artery — a.
Stia-mHntaraienue, Metatarsal artery — a. Sits-pti-
bieune, Epigastric artery — a. Teaticulaire, Sper-
matic artery — a. Thoraeique humemle. Acromial
artery — a. TrachSlncervicaf, see Cervical arteries
— a. Trochantirienne, Circumflex artery of the
thigh — a. Troiaihne dea thornciquea, Acromial ar-
tery — a. Tympnniqne, Auditory artery, external
— a. Ucfdie, see Ciliary artery — a. Vnlvaire,
Pudio, external, artery.
[For other artlrea not referred to here, as A.
Brachiale, A. lironchiqiie, A. Ciliaire, &c., see
table under Artery, and also Brachial artery,
Brtmchinl artery, Ciliary artery, Ac]
Artereurys'ina, gen. Artereuryam'atis, (^arteria,
and tvfivafta, * diliitation,') Aneurism.
Arte'ria, (acTtipia,) Artery — a. Ad Cutem ab-
domiuin, Bee Ad Cutem abdominis (arteria) — a.
Anonyma, Innominata arteria — a. Aspera, Tra-
chea—a. Brachiocephftlica, see Innominata— a.
CerebraliB, Carotid, internal — a. Cervicalis, Ba-
iilary artery — a. Coniniunicnns Willisii, see
CummunicanB — a. Coronaria dixtra, Pyloric ar-
U-rj — n,. CfMia, Aorta — a. Cubiti externa, Ra-
dial artery — a. Doraalis linguio, see Lingual —
•. Dortalts metac&rpi, Mitacarpal artery — a.
Dura mfttrif media maxima. Meningeal artery,
middle — ft. Enocphaiioa, Carotid, internal — a!
QMtriea "fcupcrlor, Coronary artery — a. Iloo-
eolioik, lee CoHo arteries — a. Iliaca interna, Hy-
tog««trie artery — a. Iliaoa poBtorior, Ilypogas-
Irlo artery — a. Innominata, Innominata arteria
—a. Magna, Aorta — a. Mugna pollicis, Princeps
pollloii— a. Malloolarit externa, loe Tibial arteries
— a. Malleolaris interna, see Tibial arteries — a
Mammaria externa, A. thoracica externa inferioi
— a. Maxima, Aorta — a. Media anastomotica, see
Colic arteries — a. Meningaea media, Meningeal
artery, middle — a Muscularis femoris, A. pro-
funda femoris — a. Pharyngaea suprema, Ptery-
goid artery — a. Profunda cerebri, see Cerebral
arteries — a. Pudenda communis, Pudic, internal,
artery — a. Pudica, Pudic, internal, artery — a.
Pulmonalis, Pulmonary artery — a. Raniulus duc-
tus pterygoidei. Pterygoid artery — a. Spheno-spi-
nosa, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Spinalis, see
Spinal arteries, and Arteria profunda humeri — a.
Sternalis, Mammary, internal — a. Supraorbi-
talis, Frontal artery — a. Sylviana, see Cerebral
arteries — a. Thoracica axillaris vel alaris, Scapu-
lar artery, inferior — a. Thoracica humeralis. Acro-
mial artery — a. Transversalis colli, see Cerebral
arteries — a. Transversalis faciei, see Transver-
salis and Temporal — a. Transversalis humeri,
Scapular artery, superior — a. Ulnaris, Cubital
artery — a. Uterina hypogastrica. Uterine artery
— a. Vasta posterior profunda. Profunda femoris
(arteria).
[For other Arterim not referred to here, as A.
Lingualis, A. Hepatica, &c., see table under
Artery, and also Lingual artery. Hepatic artery,
&c.]
Arte'riac, Arteri'ocua. A medicine prescribed
in diseases of the windpipe. Also, arterial.
Arte'rise Adipo'sae. The arteries which se-
crete the fat about the kidneys are sometimes so
called. They are ramifications of the capsular,
diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries.
Arte'ria Apoplkc'tic^, Carotids — a. Capi-
tales, Carotids — a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries— a.
Corporis callosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries — a.
Helicinaj, see Helicine — a. Jugulares, Carotids
— a. Lethargicae, Carotids — a. Mesolobicae, Me-
solobar arteries — a. Praeparantes, Spermatic ar-
teries.
ARTE'RiiE Receptac'uli. Numerous small ves-
sels given oflF from the cavernous portion of the
internal carotid.
Arte'ria SoMNiF'ERiE, Carotids — a. Sopo-
rales. Carotids — a. Soporariae, Carotids — a. Ve-
nosa?, Pulmonary veins.
Arte'rial, Arteri'acua, Arterio'aua. Belonging
to arteries.
Artk'rial Blood, (F.) Sang arth-iel. Red
blood is so called because contained in the arte-
ries. The pulmonary veins, however, also con-
tain red blood; hence the name arterial veins,
(F.) Veinea artiriellea, applied to them.
^Arte'rial Constitu'tion, Plethora arteriosa.
Arte'rial Duct, Cana'Us arterio'aua, Duc'ina
arterio'aua seu Botal'li, (F.) Canal ariSriel, C.
Ptdmo-aortiqne, is the portion of the pulmonary
artery which terminates in the aorta in the foetus.
When this duct is obliterated after birth, it is
called Arte'rial Lig' anient, Ligamen'tum arterio'-
aum, (F.) Ligament artiriel.
Artk'rial Sys'tem includes all the arteries,
from their origin in the heart to their termination
in the organs See Vascular System.
Arte'rialization of the Blood, Haematosis.
Arti'^riarctie, (aprjjpia, * artery,' and arcto, 'I
straighten.') Contraction of an artery.
Arterieot'asis, {arteria, and cKraais, * dilata-
tion.') Aneurism.
Arterieotop'ia, (arteria, and c/ctotoj, <out of
place.') Dislocation of an artery.
Arterieurysm'a, gen. Arterieuryam'atia, (ar-
teria, and cvpvrTjta, 'dilatation.') Aneurism.
Arterii'tis, gen. Arterii'tidia, Arteritis.
Arteriodial'yBis, (arteria, and iiaXvan, 'disso-
lution.') See Aneurism.
Arteriog'raphy, Arteriogra'pMa, (arteria, and
Yi>a<}»}, ' a description.') A description of the ar-
teries.
ARTEKIOLA
ARTERIA
S9
Arteri'ola« (dim. of Arteria,) Arteriole. A
small artery,
Arteriol'Ogy, Arteriolog"ia, {arteria, and \oyoi,
'a discourse.') A treatise on the arteries.
Arteriophlebot'omy, see Bloodletting.
Arteriopitu'itous. An epithet applied to
v^essels which creep along the pituitous membrane
of the nostrils.
Arteriorrhex'is, {arteria, and prj^n, ' rupture.')
Rupture of an artery.
Arterios'itas, ArterioH'ity, (from arteria.) A
condition of the blood in which it preserves in
the veins the arterial character. The opposite to
Yenositas.
Artbrios'itas San'guinis, Praedominium san-
guinis arteriosi.
Arteriosteie, {arteria, and oareovy *a bone.')
Ossification of an artery.
Arteriosteno'sis, {arteria, (rrevog, 'contracted,'
and oai.8.) Contraction or obliteration of an ar-
tery.
Arteriot'omy, Arteriotom'ia, {arteria, and tout),
' incision.') This word has been used for the
dissection of arteries. Most commonly, however,
it means a surgical operation, which consists in
opening an artery, to draw blood from it. Arte-
riotomy is chiefly used in inflammatory affections
of the head, when the blood is generally obtained
from the temporal artery. See Bloodletting.
Arteriotrep'sis, {arteria, and 7-p£i//tf, 'torsion.')
Torsion of an artery with, the view of obliter-
ating it.
Arteri'tis, gen, Arteri'tidie. Arterii'tia, In-
Jlamma'tio Arteriarmn, (F.) ArfSrite, Inflamma-
tion dea art^rea, {arteria and itia.) Inflamma-
tion of an artery. Inflammation of the inner
coat of an artery is termed Endo-arteri'tia, or
Endonarteri'tia ; of the outer, Exo-arteri'tia or
Exarteri'tia.
Ar'tery, Arte'ria, (F.) Art^re, (from arift, 'air,'
and TtjpEiv, * to preserve,' quasi, ' receptacle of
air,' because the ancients believed that it con-
tained air. They at first gave the name Artery
to the trachea, aprnpia rpaxeia, because it is filled
with air; and afterwards they used the same
term and aagei'a pneumat'ica, ayy^ic^ rrvevfianKa,
for the arteries, properly so called, probably be-
cause they commonly found them empty in the
dead body. We find, also, (pXe^tg, to designate the
arteries, called by the Latins Venm mican'tea pnl-
tat'ilea.) Arteries, with the moderns, are the order
of vessels, which arise from the two ventricles of
the heart, and have valves only at their origin.
They are cylindrical, firm, and elastic canals ; of
a yellowish-white color; little dilatable; easily
lacerable. They have usually been described as
formed of three coa,ts : 1. An external laminated,
or areolar membrane, Tu'nica exter'na seu adven-
tif'ia seu cellnla' ria, Vagi'na eellula'ria, of a dense
and close character. 2. A middle coat, Tu'nica
me'dia seu elaa'tica, composed of fibres, which do
not, however, contract on the application of the
galvanic stimulus, formed chiefly of elastic tissue
and also of smooth muscular fibres, and eminently
«lastic. 3. An inner coat, Tu'nica in'tima seu
gla'hra, which is thin, diaphanous, reddish, and
polished. More recent researches enumerate, from
within outward, as many as six layers in the
larger arteries: 1. An internal layer of pavement
epithelium; 2. A layer of fibres forming a kind
of basement or basilary membrane, called the
Fen'eatrated or per' for n ted mem'brane, (F.) Mem-
brane fenitrSe, and Stri'ated coat, (F.) Tuniqne
$tri(e ; 3. A layer of longitudinal lines, which,
with 4. A layer of short transverse lines, alter-
nating with each other, constitutes the middle
coat; 5. A layer of yellow elastic tissue; and 6.
A layer of white areolar tissue, with nuclei scat-
tered among longitudinal fibres.
The use of the arteries is to carry the blood
from the heart to the va,rious parts of the system.
It will be obvious, however, that they cannot all
convey arterial blood. The pulmonary artery,
for example, is destined to convey the veuoua
blood to the lungs, there to be converted into
arterial; whilst the pulmonary veins convey
arterial blood back to the heart.
TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTKRIE8 OP THE BODY.
All the arteries take their rise from the Pul-
monary Artery, or the Aorta, and the names
generally indicate the parts to which they are
distributed.
I. Arte'ria Pulmona'lis.
The Pulmonary Artery arises from the right
ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left
branch, one of which is distributed to each lung.
II. Arte'ria Aor'ta.-
The Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is
the common trunk of the arteries of the body,
and may be divided into five portions.
a. Arteriea furnished by the Aorta at its origin.
1. A, Cardiaca or eoronaria anterior.
2, A. Cardiaca or eoronaria posterior.
b. Arteriea furnished by the Aorta at ita arch.
The arch of the Aorta gives off, to the left, two
considerable trunks — the Arteria carotidea j^ri-
mitiva, and A. auhclavia ; and, to the right, a
single trunk, which is larger — the A. innominata
or brachiocephalica, which divides into the prim-
itive carotid and subclavian.
I. Arteria Caro- f Divides into A. Carotidea externa,
TIDEA puiJiiTiVA ( and A. Carotidea interna.
\ Furnishes, 1. A. Thyrnidea mperinr.
2. A. livgualis, which gives off the A. dor-
salis liiigure and A. sublingualis.
3. A. facialis vel A. maxilhiris erternn,
whicli furnishes the A. palatina infe-
rior, the A. submental is, and A eoro-
naria superior and inferior.
4. A. occipitalis, whicli gives off the A.
mastoidea posterior.
5. A. auricularis posterinr, which giveJ*
off A. stylo-mastoidea.
6. A. pharyvgea infi'vinr.
The external carotid uitiniiitely divides into the tem-
poral artery and internal maxillary.
(a.j .J burnishes A. transversaJis faciei, A. auricvr
1. A. Ca-
rotidea
externa.
lis.
(b.) A.
Maxillaris
interna.
2. A.
rotidea
terna.
Ca-
ll. Arteria
SUBCLAVIA.
laris anterior, and 'ulah Facettks are the contiguous sur-
faces by means of which the bones are articu-
lated.
Aktic'hlar Proc"esses, see Vertebrae.
Artic'ular Veins of the knee follow the same
course as the arteries.
Artioula'ris Oe'na, of Sommering, see Cru-
ral is.
Artio'ulated, Anicula'tus, (F.) AnicnU, same
etym<jn as Articulation. Provided with, or united
by, articulations; as, an 'articulated slccleton.'
See Skeleton, articulated ; and Voice, articulated.
Artioula'tio, Articulation — a. Artificialis,
Pseudarthrosis — a Coxae, Coxo-femoral articu-
lation — a. Genu, Genu — a. Notha, Pseudar-
throsis.
Artioula'tioXl, Articula'tio, Arthro'aie, Ar'tus,
dim. Artic'ulna, Jnnctu'ra, Conjunc'tio, No'dua,
Commiaau'ra, Compa'gea, Syntax' ia, Hur'mua, Ver-
tic'nla, Vertic'ulna, Vertic'tduin, Joint, (F.) Artic-
ulation, Article, Jointure, (same etymon as Ar-
ticular.) By some of the French surgeons and
anatomists, article is restricted more particularly
to a movable articulation. The union of bones
with each other, as well as the kind of union.
Articulations are generally divided into Diarthro-
»ea or movable articulations, and Synarthroaea or
immovable.
The articulations are subject to a number of
diseases, which are generally somewhat severe.
These may be physical, as wounds, sprains, luxa-
tions, Ac. ; or they may be organic, as ankylosis,
extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout, hy-
drarthroses, arthropyosis, &c.
Articula'tiox means also the combination of
letters which constitute words. See Voice.
Articulation, en Char^ii^.re, Giuglymus.
Articula'tiox, False, Paeudarthro'ais, Artic'-
ulua fal'aua, (F.) A. faunae, A. accidentelle, A.
contre nature, A. anorniale. A falae joint, formed
between fragments of bone, that have remained
ununited ; or between a luxated bone and the sur-
rounding parts.
Articulation de la, Manctw, Coxo-femoral ar-
ticulation.
Articulation SurnumAraire, Pseudarthrosis.
Artic'uli Digito'rum Man'us, Phalanges of
the fingers — a. Digitorum pedis, Phalanges of
the toes.
Artio'ttlo Mor'tis, (' in the article of death,')
•ee Psychorages — a. Spinalis, Semispinalis colli.
Artic'ulus No'vus, ('new joint,') Pseudar-
tbro«i«— a, Preternaturalis, Pseudarthrosis — a.
SpurJus, Pseudarthrosis.
Artiflc"ial, Artijhla'lia, (F.) Artifidel, (ara,
artii, 'art,' and facere, 'to make.') That which
\» formed by art. The artificial method of treat-
ing diKeaiie, in the language of Dr. IJigelow, con-
siiu in reliance on artitioial remedies, usually of
»n active charaoter, in the expectation that they
will remove diitease.
ARTiric"iAL BvBS are usually made of enamel,
and reprewnt a sort of hollow hemisphere, which
IS »pplied beneath the eyelids, when the eve is
lost. *^
ARTino"lAL Limrh are ingeniously contrived
apparatuses, by which the lo.s of limbs in battle,
•'' " ""atiy palliiit«'d.
■^ 1 Pt;'i
Im Pupil, artificial — a. Ros-
I'lration, artifiolal.
AL Tkkth are made of ivory, the
- . . Otnunre ; por-
^ I orrelain lerth are lik^-wise called
tn eral, tneorrup'tibte, and vitrea'cent teeth.
p„.
AiniKU
tooth of the hippopolamun, (F.
©•lain, Ao.
Piicea d' Anatomic Artijiciellea are preparations
of anatomy, modelled in wax, plaster, paper, «tc.
Artiscoc'cus Lae'via, Cynara scolyraus.
Artis'cns, {apnaKOi, dim. of apm, ' bread.') See
Trochiscus. A troch of the shape of a fuiall loaf.
Also, and especially, a troch niade of vipers.
ArtOCarp'uS. The Bread-fruit Tree, (F.)
Jaquier, (apros, 'bread,' and Kapms, 'fruit.') A
Polynesian tree, so called because the fruit, which
is milky and juicy, supplies the place of bread
to the inhabitants. It grows to the height of 40
feet.
Artocarp'us Integripo'lia, Caoutchouc.
ArtOC'reaS, {ap-rvKpeas, from aprog, ' bread,' and
Kpta^, 'flesh.') A kind of nourishing food made
of various aliments boiled together.
ArtOg'ala, {apTOi, 'bread,' and ya\a, 'milk.')
An alimentary preparation of bread and milk. A
poultice.
Artom'eli, (aproj, 'bread,' and pt\i, 'honey.')
A cataplasm of bread and honey.
Ar'tus, Articulation, Membrura.
Ar'tyma, gen. Artym'atia, (aprvpa, from aprvu,
'I prepare,') Aroma, Condiment.
A'rum, (apov,) A. maculatum, and A. triphyl-
lum — a. Americanum betae foliis, Dracontium
foetidum.
A'rum Dracon'tium, Ariase'ma dracon'tium,
Green Dragon; indigenous, has probably the
same medical properties as A. triphylium.
A'rum Dracun'culus, A. polyphyl'lum, Dra-
cun'culua polyphyl'lua, Coluhri'na Dracon'iia,
Erva de Sancta Maria, (jriy'arum aerpenta'ria,
Serpenta'ria Gallo'rum. Family, Araceae. Sex.
Syxt. Monoecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves
are very acrimonious. The plant resembles the
A. macula' turn in its properties.
A'rum Esculen'tum, Cala'dium eaculen'tttm,
Ta'ro, Ka'lo. The foliage and roots possess acrid
qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil-
ing ; in which form it is used as food by the people
of Madeira, the Polynesians, &c. The tuberous
root of this Arum, called Co'coa or Md'doea, is
said to be the principal dependence for food of
the laboring population of the West Indies.
A'rum Maciila'tum, A'ron, Arum (of the older
writers), A. vulga're, Bar'ha Auro'nia, Serpevta'-
ria mi'nor, Zin'giber Oerviau'icvvi, Sacerdo'tia
pe'nia. Wake Robin, Prieat'a pintle, Cuckotc Pint,
(Prov.) Cochyhahy, Aaron, (F.) Gouet, Pied de
Veau, Pied de lievre, Picotin, Giron, Amidoiiviire.
The fresh root is stimulant internally. Dose, ^j-
of the dried root. Externally, it is very acrid.
From the root of this Arum a starch is prepared,
which is called Port'land Island So'go, Port'land
Arrow'root, Geraa aerpenta'ria', Cerua'aa aerpenta'
rise, Fec'ula u'ri viacula'tr.
A'rum, Thuee-Leaved, Arum triphylium.
A'rum Tkiphyl'lum, Ariaa'ma. atroru'hena,
Three-leaved arum, (F.) Pied de Vean triphy/le,
Ind'ian Tur'nip, Drag' on Root, Drag' on Tur'nip^
Pep'per Tur'nip. This plant grows all over the
United States, and was loceived into the Pharma-
copoeia under the title Arum. The recent root,
or Cormus — Ahum, (Ph. U. S., 1863) — is very
acrimonious, and has been employed in asthma,
croup, and hooping-cough. Boiled in lard, it
has been used in tinea capitis, and in milk in
consumption.
A'rum Virgin'icum, Peltandra Virginica — a.
Vulgare, A. maculatum — a. Water, Calla palus-
tris.
Arnmari, Caramata.
Arun'do (gen. Arun'dinia) Bani'bos, Bamboo
— a. Braohii major. Ulna — a. Brachii minor,
Radius — a. Indica, Sagittarium alexipharniacum
— a. Major, Tibia— a. Minor, Fibula — a. Saccha-
riforn, see Saccharum.
Arungzebe , Delhi boil.
Ar'vaj Ava.
ARVUM
ASCENDENS
93
Ar'vum, ('a field/) Vulva— a. Naturae, Uterus.
Ary-arytaenoidae'us, Arytgenoidseus — a. Epi-
glotticus, A.rytaeno-epiglotticus.
Arytae'na, (apvraim, ' a ladle.') Hence,
Arytae'noepiglot'ticus, Arytse' no-epiglottidse' -
ue, Aiy epiijlot'ticua. That whicli belongs to the
arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis. Winslow
gives this name to small, fleshy fasciculi, which
are attached, at one extremity, to the arytenoid
cartilages, and, by the other, to the free edge of
the epiglottis. These fibres do not always exist.
They form part of the arytenoid muscle of mod-
ern anatomists.
Arytae'no-epiglottidse'us.seeSacculuslaryngis.
Arytaenoidae'us, (F.) Arytenoidien. A small
muscle, which passes from one arytenoid cartilage
to the other, by its contraction brings them to-
gether, and diminishes the aperture of the glot-
tis. Winslow divided the muscle into three por-
tions; — the Arytvenoidx' us tranaver'sns, or Ary-
arytfPHoidse'us, and two Arytscnoidse' i obli'qui.
Aryt'enoid, Arytxuo'i'dex, Arytseno'idee'us, {ary-
ttena, and £«A)j, 'shape,') Ladle-shaped.
Ahyt'enoid Car'tilages, C<irtilag"ine8 arytre-
Koi'des seu guttura' lea seu gutturi'me seu guttnri-
fornies seu triq'uetme »q\x. j^yramidalea, Guttur'nia,
are two cartilages of the larynx, situate posteri-
orly above the cricoid, which, by approximation,
diminish the aperture of the glottis. Their upper
extremities or cornua are turned towards each
other, and are now and then found loose in the
form of appendices, which are considered by some
as distinct cartilages, and termed Cu'neiform, or
tuber'culated Car'tilages, Comic' ula l(iryng"ts,
Aryt'enoid (Jlands, Gland' nlie Arytsenoidse'se,
are small, glandular, whitish bodies, situate ante-
rior to the A. cartilages. They pour out a mucous
fluid to lubricate the larynx.
Arythm', Aryth'min, Arryth'mia, (ap^Sfiia,
from a, and pvdfioi, ' rhythm,' * measure.') Irregu-
larity. This word is applied chiefly to the pulse.
As, in composition, see Ad.
As, gen. Assis, Pound.
A'sa, Asafoetida: see Assa — a. Dulcis, Ben-
jamin.
AsafOB'tida, Assafce'tida (Ph. U. S.), Aaaafet'-
ida, Ster'cua diah'oli, Ci'biia Deo'ruin, A'aa,
Devil'a dung, Food of the Goda. A gum-resin,
the concrete juice of Fer'ula Aaaafoe'tida, Nar'thex
Aaaafoetida. Order, Umbelliferae. It is in small
masses of a whitish, reddish, and violet hue, ad-
hering together. Taste bitter and subacrid : smell
insupportably alliaceous. The Asiatics use it
regularly as a condiment.
Its medical properties are antispasmodic, stimu-
lant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v. to xx., in pill.
Asagray'a or Asagrae'a Officinalis (after Dr.
Asa Gray), see Veratrina.
As'apes, (oo-aTr.vj,) Aaep'to^, properly, not pu-
trid, (a, and aanta or arjnia, ' I corrupt.') A term
applied by Hippocrates to the sputa, or to other
matters evacuated, which do not give signs of
coction.
Asapha'tum, Sapha'tum, (a, and crafiji, 'clear.')
This term has been applied to collections in the
E3baceous follicles of the skin, which may be
rressed out like little worms, with a black head.
See Acne.
AsapM'a, (a(ra<pcia, same etymon,) Dyapho'nia
iminodala'ta palati'na, Parapho'nia guttura'lia
aeupalati'na. Defective articulation, dependent
upon diseased palate.
Asarabac'oa, Asarum — a. Broad-leaved, Asa-
rum Cauadenso.
Asar'cia, («, Jind oai)^, gen. aapms, ' flesh,') Ema-
ciation.
Asar'con, (aaapKov.) Devoid of flesh. Aris-
. totle uses the term for the head when it is l)ut
{ little fleshy, comuared with the chest and abdo-
men.
Asaret, Asarum — a. du Canada, Asarum Can-
adeuse.
Asari'teS, {aaapiTrn, from aaariim.) A diuretic
wine, of which assrum was an ingredient.
As'arum, {aaapov, from
and
aai^tiv, ' to
adorn : ' because not admitted into the ancient
coronal wreaths [?],) Aa'arum Europse'um seu
officina'le, Nar'dus 3lonta'na seu Ruat'ica, Az'-
arum, (F.) Aaaret ou Cabaret, Azarum Cabaret,
Oreille d'homme, Oreillette, Girard-Ronaain, JS((rd
Snuvage. Order, Aristolochiaceaj, Sex. Syat. Do-
decandria Monogynia. The plant, used in medi-
cine, is the Aa'arum £nropm'um, Aaarabac'cn, and
of this the leaves. They are emetic, cathartic,
and errhine, but are hardly ever employed, except
for the last purpose.
As'arum Canadkn'se, A. Carolinia'num, Can'a-
da Snake' root. Wild Gin'ger, Colt'e Foot, Broad-
leaf Aa'arabacca, In'diun Gin'ger, Heart Snake'-
root, (F.) Aaaret du Canada. The root — Ax'arnm,
( Ph. U. S.) — is used as a substitute for ginger, and
is said to act as a warm stimulant and diaphoretic.
As'arum Carolimanim, A. Canadense — a. Eu-
ropaeum, see Asarum — a. Hypocistis, Cytinus hy-
pocistis — a. Officinale, see Asarum.
Asbes'tos Scall, {aa^taroi, 'inveterate,') see
Eczema of the haiiy scalp.
AsboPicus, (aalioXt), ' soot.') Relating or ap-
pertaining to soot : — Carcino'ma acro'ti aebol'i-
cuni, Chinineyaueepera' Cancer.
Ascain, Min'eral Waters of. Ascain is a
village, situate about a league from St. Jcan-de-
Luz, in France. The water is a cold chalybeate.
Ascardamyc'tUS, {mKaphanvia-oi, from a, and
aKa(>6afivrT(t), ' I twinkle the eyes.') One who stares
with fixed eyes, without moving the eyelids.
Ascaric"ida Authelmin'tica, {aacaria, and
csedere, 'to kill,') Vernonia anthelmintica.
A.scaride lyumbricoide, Ascaris lumbricoides
— a. Vermicidaire, Ascaris vermicularis.
Ascar'ides, (pi. of Ascaris,) see Ascaris.
As'caris, gen. Aacar'idia, {aaKapn, pi. aaKaptSsf,
from acTKapi^u), ' I leap.') A genus of intestinal
worms, characterized by a long, cylindrical body,
extenuated at the extremities, and having a mouth
furnished with three tubcrcules, from which a
very short tube is sometimes seen issuing. For-
merly there were reckoned two varieties of the As-
caris — the Aa'caria lumbricoi'dea seu gi'gaa hom'-
inis, Lumbri'cua, L. te'rea horn'inia, Sco'lex, (F.)
Loinhrico'ide, Aacaride lombrico'ide, Lonibric, or
long round worm ; and the Aa'caria Verinicula'ris
— the Ascaris proper — the thread worm or maw
worm. The former is alone included under the
genus, at present — a new genus having been
formed of the A. verinicularia, under the name
Oxyu'ria, It is the Oxyu'ria seu Fuaa'ria verini-
cula'ria, (F.) Aacaride, A. vernriculaire, Oxyure
vermiculaire. See Worms and Parasites.
A new species of entozoa was found by Dr.
Bellingham, the Aa'caria ala'ta, called, also, A.
my a' tax.
As'caris Ala'ta, see Ascaris and Parasites — a.
Gigas hominis, see Ascaris — a. Lumbricoides, se«
Ascaris — a. Mystax, see Ascaris and Parasites
— a. Renalis, Strongylus gigas — a. Trichuris^
Trichocephalus — a. Vermicularis, see Ascaris —
a. Visceralis, Strongylus gigas.
As'celeSt (aaKtXrn,) Aa'kc/ea, Ga'rene cru'ribua,
(a, and ff^Xoy, ' a leg.') One who has no legs.
Ascel'la, Axilla.
Ascen'deUS, {aacendere, aacenanni, — a«, and
acandere, — 'to ascend,') (F.) Ascendant. Parts
are thus called, which are supposed to arise in a
region lower than that where they terminate.
Thus, Aorta ascend ena is the aorta from its
origin to the arch : Vena cava aacendena, the large
vein which carries the blood from the inferior
parts to the heart: Obliqmia ascendens (muacle),
the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen, <fcc.
94
ASCENSION
ASPALASOMUS
Ase4m»1/>n de la Matrice, Hysteria.
Ascen'sus (gen. Anteu'suti) Mor'bi. The pe-
riod of increase of a disease.
As'cesis, {acKtto, 'I exercise.') Exercise.
Ascherso'nian Ves'icles, see Vesicles, Ascher-
sonian.
Afl'ohil, Scilla.
Aschistodac'tyluS, Syndac'ttjlw, [a, <TX'<m>g,
'ck'ft,' and SaicrvXoi, *a finger.') A monster whose
fingers are not separated from one another.
As'cia, * an axe,' Axi'ne, Scepar'voa, Dol'ahra,
Faa'cia spira'Ua. Name of a bandage mentioned
by the ancients, and figured by Scultetus, in the
ihape of an axe or hatchet. See Doloire.
Ascilla, Axilla.
Asrite, Ascites — a. PeritonSale, Ascites.
A8Ci"tes, {aaKiTtii, from aoKos, *a leathern sack,
a large belly,') Aaki'tea, Hydroce'le Peritonse'i,
Hy'dropa Abdom'inia seu Axri'tes, Hydroyaa'ter,
Hydroperttone' um, Hydrucoe'lia, Hydre' trum,Coeli-
och'y»i8, Drop'ay of the low'er bel'ly, Drop'sy of
the pen'tone'ttm, (F.) Ascite, A. pSritoneale, Hy~
dropSritonie, Hydropisie da bas-ventre on dup^ri-
toine. A collection of serous fluid in the abdo-
men. Ascites proper is dropsy of the peritoneum ;
and is characterized by increased size of the ab-
domen, by fluctuation, and the general signs of
dropsy. It is rarely a primary disease; but is
always dangerous, and but little susceptible of
cure. Most generally, it is owing to obstructed
circulation in some of the viscera, or to excite-
ment of the vessels of the abdominal organs.
The treatment is essentially the same as that of
other dropsies. Paracentesis, when had recourse
to, can only be regarded as a palliative.
Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be saccated
or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates
exterior to the peritoneum, Hydrepigan'trium.
When in cysts it is termed Bydrocya'tis, Hy' drops
ahdom'inia aacca'tua seu cya'ticua, and Asci'tea aac-
ea'tua.
Asci'tes HEPATOCYST'ictJS, Turgescentia vesi-
culae felleae — a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii — a. Puru-
lentus, Pyocoelia — a. Saccatus, see Ascites, Hydro-
arion, and Hydrops ovarii.
Ascit'ic, Aacit'icua, (F.) Aacitique. Relating
or aj)pertaining to, or aflected with, ascites.
Asclepi'adee, (AaKXriTnaSat,) Anklepi'adiK, (Aa-
kXtttio^, * iEseulapius.') The prteat phyaieiana,
who served in the ancient temples of jEscuIapius,
and who took their name from being his descend-
ants.
AHcU'ptade, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
Ascle'piaSi (aaKktjmai,) Asclepias tuberosa —
a. Alba, A. vincetoxicum — a. Apocynum, A.
Syriaca — a. Astbmatica, Tylophora asthmatica
— a. Cornuti, A. Syriaca — a. Crispa, Gompho-
carpus crispus.
Arcle'pias CdrA8SAV'ica, Baa'tard Jpecacu-
an'hn, Red'hend, Blood'weed. The leaves are
emetic in the dose of one or two scruples. It is
the Ipecacuanha blanc of St. Domingo.
Akcle'pias Decum'bkns; the root. Escharotic,
oatburtic, sudorific, diuretic.
Asclk'pias, Flesh 'ooloked, A. incarnata — a.
Oigant«a, Mudar.
Akcle'piah Incarna'ta, a. pul'chra, Fleah-
eolured or Bwantp aac/epiaa or ai/k'weed. The
root of this plant, which grows in all parts of the
United States, and ia officinal in the Ph. U. S.,
h«« the same virtues as A. Syriaca and A. tuberosa.
Asclb'pias Obova'ta, a. Rvriaca.
AaCLB'PUB Proc"kua [?], iieidehaaar, BeideU
•or. An Egyptian plant, the haves of which are
made Into a pliii.ter, and applied to indolent tu-
mors. The milky juice is caustic, and is used as
•ttcb.
AncLi'piAi PBiuiKWAR'iA, HemldesmuR Indi-
rai — a. PobMoens, A« Syriaca — a, Pulohra, A.
AsCLe'pIAS SuLLIVAn'tii, Smooth Mill-weed,
Silkweed ; indigenous, possesses the same virtues
as A. tuberosa.
Ascle'pias Syri'aca, a. pnbea'cena seu apoc"-
ynum seu obova'ta seu toinento'aa seu cornu'ti,
Common Silk' need, Milkweed, (F.) Herbe eJ la
houette. The cortical part of the root, oflicinal in
the Ph. U. S., has been given, in powder, in asth-
matic and pulmonic afi'ections in general, and, it
is said, with success.
Ascle'pias Tomento'sa, A. Syriaca.
Ascle'pias Tubero'sa, But'terfly Weed, Plen'-
riay Hoot, Flux Boot, Wind Boot, Wind Weed,
White Boot, Or'ange Swal'low Boot, Silk Weed,
Can'ada Boot, Or'ange Apoc'ynum, Tu'beroua
Booted Swal'low Wort. Said to have been first
recommended by the Asclepiades. In Virginia
and the Carolinas, the root of this plant — oflici-
nal in the Ph. U. S. — has long been celebrated ae
a remedy in pneumonic aff"ections. It is sudo-
rific, and the powder acts as a mild purgative. Its
chief powers are said to be expectorant, diapho-
retic, and febrifuge. It is occasionally given tc
relieve pains of the stomach from flatulency and
indigestion.
Ascle'pias Vincetox'icum, A. al'ba, Cynan''
chum, vincetox'icum, Vincetox'icum, V. officina'le
Hirundina' ria, Apoc" ynum No'vse An' glim hirau''
turn, &c., Swal'low- Wort, White Swallow- Wort,
(F.) Asclepiade Dompte-venin.
The root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, an/
emmenagogue, but is hardly ever used.
Asclepias'mus, Hacmorrhois.
Ascle'pion, (oaKXrjiriov,) Aaclepiei' on, {a(7K\T]niEiovt
from A.aKXf)Trtoi, jEsculapiua, * the god of Physic.')
A temple of ^sculapius, used, in antiquity, as a
place of worship, and frequented by numbers of
the sick, who were there attended to.
AsCO'ma, gen. Aaco'matia, [aaKwfia, from aaKo<;,
' a. bottle.') The eminence of the pubes at the
period of puberty in females.
As6, (atr»7,) Anxiety, Satiety.
Asel'li, (pi. of Aaellua,) Onisci aselli.
Asel'lus, (dim. of asinua, *an ass,') Oniscus.
Ase'ma (gen. Aae'matia) Cri'siS, {aarifia a/^ict'?,
from a, and orjua, *a sign.') A crisis occurrini;
unexpectedly and without the ordinary precursory
signs.
Asep'ton, {aarjirnv, from a, and arjvu), ' I Cor-
rupt,') Asapes.
Ash, Bitter, Bittera febrifuga. Quassia —
Blue, Fraxinus quadrangulata — a. Mountain,
Sorbus acuparia — a. Mountain, American, Sor-
bus Americana — a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xan-
thoxylon clava Herculis — a. Prickly, shrubby,
Xanthoxylum fraxineum — a. Stinking, Ptelea
trifoliata — a. Tree, Fraxinus excelsior — a. White,
Fraxinus Americana.
Asia'lia, Aptyalia.
Asialorrhoe'a^ (F.) AaialorrMe, (a, ataXov, 'sa-
liva,' and peui, ' I flow.') Diminution in the flow
of saliva.
Asi'mina Tri'loba, see Carica papaya.
Asif'ia, {aaiTia, from a, and trtroj, * food.') Ab-
stinence from food. Want of appetite, — Faa
tid'ium cibo'rum, Apoclei'aia.
A'sius La'pis, Assius Lapis.
As'jagan, An'jogam. An Indian tree, the juice
of whose leaves, mixed with powdered cumiu
seeds, is employed in India in colic.
As'jogam, Asjagan.
As'keles, {aaKtXni,) Asceles.
As'ker, Eschar.
Aski'tes, (aoKiTv^,) Ascites.
• Asklepi'adee, Asclepiadie.
Aso'deS, Aaao'dva, {aawStii, from aav, 'disgust,'
' satiety,' and odea.) A fever accompanied with
anxiety and nausea: Fe'bria aao'des vel azo'dea.
AspalaSO'mUS, (aanaXa^, 'a mole,' and awixa, 'a
body.'j A genua of monsters in which there is
ASPALTUM
ASPHYXIED
95
imperfect development of the eyes. Also, a mal-
formation, in which the fissure and eventration
extend chiefly upon the lower part of the abdo-
men ; the urinary apparatus, genitals, and rectum
opening externally by three distinct orifices.
Aspal'tum, Asphaltum.
Aspar'agine, see Asparagus.
Aspar'agUS, (aixTrapayos,) Aspar'agua officina'lls,
Common Aspar' agus, Spar'agus, Sper'agua, Sp>nr'-
agrasa, Spar'roiograsa, Grasa, Sperage. Oi<l.
Asphodeleae. Sex. Syat. Hexandria Monogynia.
Aapar'agi officina'Ua Turio'nea, (F.) Aeperge.
The fresh roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to the
immediate crystallizable principle, Asparagine,
which is said to be sedative in the dose of a few
grains. The young shoots are a well known and
esteemed vegetable diet. They communicate a
peculiar odor to the urine. A syru[) made of the
young shoots and an extract of the roots has been
recommended as a sedative in heart affections.
Aspa'sia, (after Aspasia, the mistress of Peri-
cles. [?]) A ball of wood soaked in an infusion
of galls, and used by females for constringingthe
vagina.
As'pen, Amer'ican, Populus tremuloides — a.
European, Populus tremula.
As'pera Arte'ria, Trachea.
A-sperge, Asparagus.
Aspergil'li Spe'cies, see Fungus.
Asper'itas, {(taper, 'rough,') Asperity — a. Ar-
teriiB asperaj, Raucedo.
Asperite des Paupidres, Trachoma.
Asperitu'do, Trachoma.
Asper'ity, Aaper'itas. Asperities are inequali-
ties on the surfaces of bones, which often serve
for the insertion of fibrous structures.
Asperma'tia, Aspermatismus.
Asperm'atism, Aapermatia'mua, Aaper'mia, Aa-
perma'tio, (a, and antpiia, ' sperm.') Reflux of
sperm from the urethra into the bladder, during
the venereal organism; also, complete absence of
seminal secretion.
Asperm'ia, Aspermatismus.
Asper'sio, Aspersion, Catapasma, Fomentation.
Asper'sioili Asper'aio, {aapergere, aaperaum, —
from aa, and apargere, — 'to sprinkle,'; (F.) Ar-
roaement. Act of sprinkling or pouring a liquid
guttatim over a wound, ulcer, <fcc.
Aspers'ma, Aspermatismus.
Asper'ula, (diminutive of naper, * rough/ the
seeds being rough,) Galium aparine.
Asper'ula Odora'ta, Ga'lium odora'tnm, Ma-
triayl'va, Hepat'ica atella'Ui, (F.) Aapenile odo-
rante ou Muguet dea boia, Hepatique itoilee. Ord.
Rubiaceae. Sex. Syat. Tetrandria Monogynia.
Sweet-scented Woodroof. Said to bo diuretic, de-
obstruent, tonic, and vulnerary.
Asp^rtile Odorante, Asperula odorata.
Asphalti'teS, {acfpaXnrrn,) Nephri'tea, Nephri'-
tie, Prima Vertebra Imnba' rid, (same etymon as
Asphaltum.) A name given by some to the first
lumbar vertebra.
Asphal'tum, Nep'ta, Araal'toa, (from a<r(t>aXi^eiv,
* to strengthen,' being used as a cement. [?])
With the Greeks, aacpaXros signified any kind of
bitumen. Aaphaltum is now restricted chiefly to
the Bitu'men op Jud^'a, B. Juda'icum, A. aoU-
idum, Jeica' Pitch, Ca'rabe, Ka'rahe of Sodom,
(F.) Aaphalte, Bitume de Judie, Poix miuerale
scoriacSe, Baum,e de momie ou dea faniraillea. It
is solid, friable, vitreous, black, shining, inflam-
mable, and of a fetid smell. An oil is obtained
from it by distillation. It enters into the compo-
sition of certain ointments and plasters.
It is collected on the surface of the water of the
Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Judaea.
Asphari'ne, Galium aparine.
Asphod'elus, {nc(po6t\o£,) A. Ramo'aua seu AV-
hua scu Mn'ria, Hna'tahi Re'(/is, (F.) Lis a-pho-
dile. The bulbs of this southern European plant
have an acrimony which they lose in boiling
water. They contain a fecuia with which bread
has been made, and have been considered diuretic.
They have been used as a succedaneum for the
squill.
Asphyc'tic, Aaphyc'ticua, Aaphyc'tua, (same
etymon as Asphyxia.) Appertaining or relating
to asphyxia!
Asphyc'tus, (acTcpvKTog,) Asphyctic, Pulseless.
Asphyx'ia, {aatpv^ia, ivom a, and aipv^is, 'pulse,')
Defee'taa Pul'ada, Acrotia'mua, Sidera'tio, Syder-
a'tio, (F.) AnhSmatoaie. For a long time, As-
phyxia was confined to the sense of ' suspension
of circulation or syncope ; ' Pulaeleaaneaa. It now
generally means auapend' ed anima'tioii, produced
by the nonconversion of the venous blood of the
lungs into arterial, — Apnce'a, Apneua'tia, Ap-
nceaaphyx'ia, Anhsemato'aia, Uc'/yaia piievmocar-
di'aca, (F.) Apnee, Anoxemie, Nypuxhiiie. Owing
to the supply of air being cut off, the unchangtd
venous blood of the pulmonary artery jiasses into
the minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, but
their peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood
to excite them, more or less stagnation takes
place in the pulmonary capillaries, and death
occurs chiefly from this cause, and from the want
of arterial blood, and not owing to venous blood
being distributed through the system, and 'poi-
soning' it, as was the idea of Bichat. Car'ua aa-
phyx'ia, Mora appit'rena, Mora putati'vn, Paeudo-
than'atuay Appa' rent death, Death trance, (F.)
Mort apparent e, is characterized by suspension or
diminution of respiration and circulation, to such
a degree as to be scarcely, or not at all, per-
ceptible.
Several varieties of Asphyxia have been des-
ignated.
1. AsPHYx'lA OP THE New'born, Aaphyxia
seu Apnce'a neonato' rum , (F.) Anphyxie dea nou-
vean-nea. This is often dependent upon the
feeble condition of the infant, or on torpor of the
medulla oblongata, not permitting respiration to
be established.
2. Asi'HYx'iA BY Inhala'tion OF Qases, soms
of which cause death by producing a spasmodic
closure of the glottis j others by the want of oxy-
gen.
3. AspHYx'iA FROM Mechan'ical Causrs, as
by Strangulation, or Hanging, or Suffocation.
4. AsPHYx'iA BY Submer'sion, A. by drown'-
ing, A. Immerao' rum, Angiairhydrie of Piorry, as
occurs in the drowned, who perish in consequence
of the medium in which they are plunged being
unfit for respiration. See Submersion, and Suffo-
cation.
5. ASPHYX'IA FROM Tor'pOR OF THE MeDULL'A
Oblonga'ta.
6. AsPHYx'iA, Cutane'ous. a condition re-
sulting when an animal, as a rabbit, is shaved,
and the body coated over with varnish, impene-
trable to water and gases, death occurring from
asphyxia a few hours afterwards.
For modes of resuscitation, see Ready method
of Marshall Hall, and Sylvester's method.
M. Chevalier has used the term Aaphycc'ia
Idiopath'ica, for fatal syncope owing to relaxa-
tion of the heart. See Suffocation.
AsPHYx'iA, Heat, Coup de soleil — a. Immerso-
sum, A. by submersion — a. Local, see Gan-
grene — a. Neonatorum, A. of the newborn — a.
Pestilenta, see Cholera — a. Pestilential, see
Cholera — a. Solar, see Coup de soleil.
Asphyx'ial, Aaphyx'ic. Relating to asphyxia
— as ' aaphyxial phenomena.*
Aaphyxie, Asphyxia — a. dea Nouveau-nSa,
Asphyxia of the newborn — a. dea Partiea, Gan-
grene — a. Lente dea nouveau-uia, Induration of
the cellular tissue.
Asphyx'ied, Aaphyx'iated, Aaphyxia' tua. In a
j state of asphyxia.
DO
ASPIC
ASTARZOF
Aspic, Lavandula spica.
Aspidis'cas, {oamiLaKOi, ' a small round shield,')
Sphincfer ani exteinus.
Aspid'ium Athaman'tioum, (onriAw, * a small
shield.' dim. of (wnrij, * a shield.'^ A South Afri-
can fern, Ord. Filices, which is possessed of an-
thelmintic properties. Its caudex, in the form of
powder, infusion, or electuary, has been found
excellent in helminthiasis, and especially in tape-
worm.
Asi'id'ium Coria'ceum, Calagualse radix — a.
Depastum, Polypodium filix mas a. Discolor, see
Calagualae radix — a. Erosum, Polypodium filix
mas — a. Ferrugineum, see CalagualiS radix — a.
Filix foemina, Asplenium filix foemina — a. Filix
mas, Polypodium filix mas.
Aspira'tio, Aspiration, Inspiration.
Aapira'tion, Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, (atpirare,
— oM, and »pirnre, — 'to breathe.') The French
sometimes use the term synonymously with ins[»i-
ration. It also means the act of attracting or
sucking like a pump. The employment of an
aspirator. Imbibition. Also, the pronunciation
of a vowel with a full breath. See Derivation.
As'pirator, Pneumatic Aspirator, (F.) Aspira-
teur, A. Soitarutftne. An explorative instrument
invented by Dieulafoy, for the evacuation of the
fluid contents of tumors, serous and synovial eff"u-
eions, collections of blood, pus, Ac. It resembles
a subcutaneous injection syringe, with a terminal
and lateral tube fitted with stopcocks, to which a
capillary trocar can be adapted for injection with-
out removing the trocar or pump.
As'piuATOR, Pneumatic, Aspirator.
As'pis, gen. Asp'idia, (oottjj.) A name given by
the ancients to a venomous serpent — the jEgyp'-
tiait vi'per of Lac6p6da, (F.) Axpic. Its bito is
very dangerous, and it is supposed to have been the
reptile which Cleopatra used for her destruction.
Asple'niain, A»ple'nnm, {cumXtifou, from a, and
jtrXtjv, ' the spleen,' from its reputed action.)
Spleen' wort, Milt'waate.
Asple'nium Acr'eum, A. ceterach.
Asple'nium Cet'erach, a. aur'eum seu lati-
fo'lium, Gifinnogram' me cet'erach, Doradil'ln,
Blech'num sqnamo'aum, Scolopen'dria, Athyr'ion,
Cet'erach officina'rum seu Cnnarien'sia, Grammi'-
ti* cet'erach seu aur'ea, Gt/mnop'teria cet'erach, Vit~
ta'ria cet'erach, (F.) Doradille. Ord. Filices.
Supposed to be subastringent and mucilaginous,
and has been recommended as a pectoral. It has
also been given in calculous cases.
Asple'nium Fi'lix Foem'ina, Polypo'diumfi'lix
fotm'inn seu viol'le seu denta'tum sou inci'aum seu
trif idum,Aapid' inm Ji'lix foem'ina, Athyr'iumji'lix
foem'ina seu mol'U seu ova'tum seu trifidum, Pte'-
rinpalm'trit, Fe'male/ern, Spleen'wort, (F.) Fon-
gire femfUe. The root of this plant resembles
that of the male fern, and is said to possess simi-
lar anthelmintic virtues. The name female fern
is also given to IHe'ria aquili'na.
Ahple'nium Latipo'mum, a. ceterach — a. Mu-
rale, A. ruta — a, Obtusum, A. ruta muraria.
ABPLB'mrM Ru'TA Mura'ria, a. mtira'le seu
obtu'^um, Parunych'ia, Phylli'tia ru'ta mura'ria,
Srolopen'drinm ru'tn mura'ria, Adian'tum al'bum,
Hu'ta mura'ria, Salvia Vi'tsn, Wall'rue, White
Maid'enhair, Tent'wort, (F.) Rue dca muraiUea,
Sauv^mti. Used in the same cases as the last.
J^^ ' I ' S<:oix>i'itN'DRniM, Scotopendrium
^M' " lin'yua sou phylli'tia seu vulya'-
rt, ^ /,„, Si.nlopeu'dria, Hart'a Tonnue,
Sf»Umn wurt, HhuUi'tia, Lin'yua ctrvi'na, Blech'num
Uymfolium, I}?.) Sroloprndrr, Lamjue de verf.
* •■"; ■ ■ • Iho laKt. See Caloifraga.
^^ TiilciioMANorDKH, A. Trichom'-
ant', i ^ , rotundifu'lia, CalyphyV Inm, Tri-
thom'unet, T. crt^na'ta, Adian'tum ru'brum, Com-
mon Maidenhair, Puhjt'richum commu'ni, (F )
/Uyiric. Propertief Ilk* tbe ImU
Asple'nilin, (aanXtjvov,) Asplenium.
Aspre'do, gen. Anpre'diuia, [anper, 'rough,')
Trachoma — a. Miliacea, Miliary fever.
Asprele, Hippuris vulgaris.
Aspritu'do, gen. Aapritu' dinia, {aaper, ' rough,')
Trachoma.
Assaba. A Guinea shruli, whose leaves are
considered capable of dispersing buboes.
Assacou, Hura Brasiliensis.
Assa Daux, ('sweet Assa,') Benjamin — a.
Dulcis, Benjamin — a. Odorata, Benjamin.
Assafet'ida, Asafoetida.
Assafoe'tida, Asaioetida.
Assaieret. A compound of bitter, stomachic,
and purgative medicines in the form of pill.
Assainissetnent (F.), {as, and aanure, 'to
make healthy.') The act of rendering healthy,
as by draining marshes, disinfecting air, Ac.
Assaiaonnementf (as, and aaiaon, ' season,')
Condiment.
Assakur, Saccharum.
Assala, see Myristica moschata.
Assa'tiO, Opte'sia, {aasare, ' to broil.') The
preparation of food or medicines in their own
juice, without the addition of any liquid. Va-
rious kinds of cooking by heat.
Assel'la, Axilla.
As'serac, As'aia, A preparation of opium, oi
of some narcotic, used by the Turks as an ex-
citant.
Asserc'lllum, (dim. of aaser, *a board,') Splint.
Asservation, {ud, and aervare, ' to keep,') Con-
servation.
Asses' Milk, see Milk, asses'.
Asses' Milk, Artific"ial, see Milk, asses'.
As'sidens, {as, and aedere, ' to be seated.') That
which accompanies or is concomitant. An epi-
thet applied to the accessory symptoms, Assi-
den'tia sig'tia, and general phenomena of diseases.
Assiden'tia Sig'na, see Assidens.
Assim'ilable, Assimilah'ilis, (as, similis, 'like,*
and habilis, ' able.') That which is susceptible
of assimilation.
Assim'ilating', Aaaim'ilatory, Aaaimilato'riua,
(F.) Aasimilatenr, {as, and similia, 'like.') That
which efi"ects assimilation, as an aaaimilating or
aashnilatory organ.
Assimila'tion, Asaimila'tio, Simila'tio, Appro-
pria'tio, Exomoio'ais, Homoio'sia, Threp'aia. The
act by which living bodies appropriate and trans-
form into their own substance matters with which
they may be placed in contact. The reverse
action — that of separating and eliminating mat-
j ters already assimilated, in the act of nutrition —
is termed JJeatruc'tive Aasimilation, (F.) DSsuaaim-
ilation.
Assimila'tion, Destruc'tive, see Assimila-
tion.
As'sis, Asserac.
As'sius La'pis, A'aina La'pia. A sort of stone
or earth, found near the town of Assa in the
Troad, which had the property of destroying
proud flesh.
Asso'ciated Move'ments, see Instinctive.
AsSO'deS, {aaaii)brti,) Asodcs.
Aaaotipissant, ( L. aopor, ' sleep,') Somniferous.
Asaoupissenient, Somnolency.
Assour'on, see Myrtus pimenta.
Assuetu'do, gen. Assuetu'dinie, {aa, and aucaco,
auetum, ' to accustom to anything,') Habit.
As'sula, (dim. of aaxia, 'a board,') Splint.
Assul'tUS, gen. Aasul'tda, {aaailire, aaaultum, —
aa, and aalio, — 'to leap upon,') Attack.
Assamp'tio, {as, and aumere, aumptum, ' to
take,*) Prehension.
As'taoi Fluviat'ilis Concremen'ta, Cancro-
rum clulte.
As'tacus Fluviat'ilis, (aorawj). Crab.
Astakil'los, Araneum ulcus.
Astarzof. Au ointment, composed of litharge.
ASTASIA
ASTHMA
97
frog's spawn, Ac. Also, camphor, dissolved in
rose water, — Paracelsus.
Asta'sia, {aaraaia, from a, and wri?j««, 'to fix,')
Dysphoria.
Asteato'deS, (a, areap, gen. artaros, ' suet,' and
odes.) Deficiency or absence of the sebaceous
secretion of the skin.
As'ter (gen. As'teris) At'ticus, (from aarrip, * a
star,' from the shape of the flowers,) Bubonium.
As'ter Cordipo'lius, Heart-leaved As'ter, A.
PuNrc"EUS, Bouyh-stemmed Aster, and other indi-
genous species, Ord. Compositae, possess aromatic
properties.
As'ter Dtsenter'icus, Inula dysenterica — a.
Heart-leaved, A. cordifolius — a. Ilelenium, Inula
Helenium — a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre —
a. Ofl&einalis,Inula Helenium — a. Rough- stemmed,
A. Puniceus — a. Tortifolius, Sericocarpus torti-
folius — a. Undulatus, Inula dysenterica.
Aste'ria Gem'niat {aarepia,) Aste'rius, Astroi'-
ies, As'trios, Astrob'olus. The ancients attributed
imaginary virtues to this stone — that of dis-
persing Naevi materni, for example.
Aste'rias Lu'tea, (from aster,) Gentiana lutea.
Aster'nia, (a, and arepvov, 'the sternum.') A
monstrosity, in which there is absence of the
sternum.
Asteroceph'alus Suoci'sa, (atrrw, 'a star,' and
K£(paXri, ' head,') Scabiosa succisa.
As'thenes, {aa^svm,) Infirm.
Astheni'a, Vis imminu'ta, {aa^tvcia, from a, and
a^tvoi, ' force,' ' strength.') Want of strength, de-
bility. (F.) Affaihlissement. Infirmity. A Avord
used in this sense by Galen, and employed, espe-
cially by Brown, to designate debility of the
whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces.
He distinguished it into direct and indirect ; the
former proceeding from diminution of stimuli ;
the latter from exhaustion of iucitability by the
abuse of stimuli.
Astheni'a Degltjtitio'nis, Pharyngoplegia —
a. Pectoralis, Angina pectoris.
Asthen'io, {aa^evLKOs,) Asthen'icns, (F.) Asthi-
nique. Relating or belonging to asthenia.
Asthenicop'yra, {aa&evris, 'weak,' and ttvp, or
KvpcTOi, ' fever,') Fever, adynamic.
Asthenicopy'retus, Fever, adynamic.
A.stheuique, Asthenic.
Astheno'pia, Debil'itaa seu Hebetu'do vi'sds,
(F.) Affaihlissemcnt de la Vue, {aa^zvtji, ' weak,'
and wi/,, * the eye.') "Weakness of sight ; Weak-
tightednesa. Trtie or accommodative asthenopia
is observed in hypermetropia and astigmatism,
and is curable by convex glasses. Apparent as-
thenopia occurs in myopia, and occasionally in
hyperaemia of the optic disc and retina. Mus-
cular asthenopia, sometimes mistaken for accom-
modative asthenopia, may arise from weakness
or insufficiency of the internal recti muscles.
Astlienop'yra, {ac^tvr)^, 'weak,' and to/j, or
itvpETog, 'fever.') Fever, adynamic. Typhus.
Astlienopy'retus, Fever, adynamic.
Asth'ma, gen. Asth'matis, {aa&na, 'laborious
breathing;' from aw, 'I respire,') A. spas' ticum
adulto'rura seu bronchia' le seu senio'rwn seu con-
vulai'vum seu spas' ticum intermit' tens, Spas' mv^
hronchia'lis, Dyspnoe'a et orthopnve' a co)tvulsi'va,
Ma'lxim cadu'cum pnlmo'num, Broken-windedness,
Nervous asthma, (F.) Aathme, A. nerveux. Great
difficulty of breathing, recurring at intervals,
accompanied with a wheezing sound and sense
of constriction in the chest; cough and expecto-
ration. It is a chronic disease, and not curable
with facility. There are no pathognomonic phy-
sical signs of it. In some cases the respiration
is universally puerile during the attack. In the
spasmodic form the respiratory murmur is very
feeble or absent during the fit; and in all forms
Sercussion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The
isease generally consists in some source of irrita-
7
tion, and occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of
the pneumogastric nerves, Bronchoparal'ysis,
Paral'ysis ner'vi va'gi in par'te thorac"ica, more
frequently of the former — all the phenomena in-
dicating constriction of the smaller bronchial
ramifications. The treatment is one that relieves
spasmodic action — angesthetics,narcotics, counter-
irritants, change of air, <fec.
Asth'ma Acu'tum, of Millar, A. 3fill'ari acu'-
tum,A. spas' ticum infan'tum, Cynan'che trachea' -
lis spasmod'ica, (F.) Asthme aigu. Probably,
spasmodic croup [?]. See Asthma Thymicum.
Asth'ma Aj-Irium, Pneumothorax — a. Aerium
ab Emphysemate pulmonum. Emphysema of the
lungs — a. Arthriticum, Angina pectoris — a.
Bronchiale, Asthma.
Asth'ma, Car'diac, Asth'ma cardi'acum, Cardi-
asth'ma, (F.) Dyspnee ou Asthme Cardiaque. Dys-
pnoea dependent upon disease of the heart.
Asth'ma Convulsi'vum, Angina pectoris — a.
Cultrariorum, Asthma, grinders' — a. Dia})hrag-
maticum,Anginr. pectoris — a. Dolorificum, Angina
pectoris — a. Emphysematicum, Pneumothorax.
Asth'ma, Grind'ers', A. Cidtrariorum, Grind' -
era' Disease or Bot. The aggregate of functional
phenomena, induced by the inhalation of particles
thrown ofi" during the operation of grinding
metallic instruments, Ac. The structural changes
induced are enlargement of the bronchial tubes,
expansion of the pulmonary tissue, and phthisis.
Asth'ma Gyp'seum, A. pulverulentum — a. Hay,
Fever, hay.
Asth'ma Hu'midum, Hu'mid, Com'mon or Spit'-
ting Asthma, is when the disease is accompanied
with expectoration. It is also called A. hnmo-
ra'le, A. Jiatnlen'tum, A. pneumo'nicum, Blenno-
tho'rax chron'icus, Ac.
Asth'ma Infant'um, Cynanche trachealis — a.
Infantum spasmodicum, A. thymicum — a. Kop-
pian, A. thymicum — a. Laryngeum infantum,
A. thymicum — a. Metallariorum, Miners' asthma
— a. Millari acutum, Asthma acutum — a. Miners',
Miners' asthma — a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum
— a. Nervous, Asthma — a. Nocturnum, Incubus.
Asth'ma Pulvekuken'tum, A. gyp'seum. A,
monta'num. The variety of asthma to which
millers, bakers, grinders, and others are subject.
Asth'ma Sic'chm, so called when the paroxysm
is sudden, violent, and of short duration; cough
slight, and expectoration scanty; spasmodic con-
striction.
Asth'ma Spas'tico-arthrit'icum Incon'stans,
Angina pectoris — a. Spasticum infantum, A.
thymicum.
Asth'ma Thy'micum, A. T. Kop'pii, Asthma
spas'ticum infan'tum seu infan'tum spasmo'dicum
seu larynge'um infan'tum seu intermit' tens infan'-
tum seu dentien'tium svu period' icum acu'tum, An-
gi'na sjyas'tica, Clangor infan'txhm, Thymasth'ma,
Cynanche trachea' Us spaamo'dica, Spas'mus glot'-
tidis, Kop'pian Asthma, Thy'mic Asthma, Laryn-
gis'mus atrid'ulus, Laryn' gospas' mus, Apnoe'a in-
fan'tum, Spasm of the larynx or glot'tis, Croup'-
like inapira'tion of infants, Child' crowing, Sp>aa-
mod'ic crotip, Pseud' ocroiq:), Spn'rious or Ccr'ebral
croup, Phre'noglott'ism, Suffocating ner'vous ca-
tarrh', (F.) Luryngite stridideuse, Faux Croup,
Paeudo-croup nerveux, Spasme de la Glotte ct da
Thorax. A disease of infants, characterized by
suspension of respiration at intervals; great dif-
ficulty of breathing, with crotoing insjnration,
especially on waking, swallowing, or crying;
ending often in a fit of suffocation, with con^
vulsions. These symptoms are often accom-
panied by rigidity of the fingers and toes; the
thumb being frequently drawn forcibly into the
palm of the clenched hand, whence the namt
Car'po-pe'dal spasm, applied to the disease.
The pathology of the disease has been supposed
to consist in an enlargement of the thymus gland^
98
ASTHMA
ATAXIA
or of the glands of the neck pressing on the pneu-
mogastric nervea [?]. The ear, by auscultation,
at a distance from the chest, detects an incom-
plete, acute, hissing inspiration, or rather ery ;
whilst the expiration and voice are croupal, both
at the accession and termination of the paroxysm.
The heart's action has been observed to be dis-
tinct and feeble. Dr. Marshall Hall attributed the
affection to reflex spasm, resulting from some
Bouroo of irritation, as teething, constipation, &c.
Asth'ma Typ'icuM. Asthma characterized by
periodicity.
Asth'ma U'tbri, Hysteria — a. Weed, Lobelia
inflata.
Asthmat'io, (aa^naTim,) Asthmat' hus, Pnoo-
coli/t'icuH, Brokemcindcd, Jid'luned, (Pro.v.,) (F.)
Anthmatique. Affected with asthma. Relating
to asthma.
Asthma, Asthma — a. Airjn, Asthma acutum
— a. Cardiaque, Asthma, cardiac — a. Nerveux,
Asthma.
Astig'matism, Astt'rjmatism'm, (a, and erriyita,
gen. ariyiiaroi, ' a point.') A state of irregular re-
fraction in the eye, in which the rays are not
brought to one focus, but converge at different
distances, so as to form two linear images at right
angles to each other. It may be remedied by the
use of cylindrical glasses, directions for which,
as well as descriptions of ophthalmoscopic appear-
ances, Ac, may be found in works on the Eye.
As'tomus, {aaronoi, from a, and a-rouay *a
mouth,') (F.) Astome. One without a mouth.
Pliny speaks of a people in India without mouths,
who live anhelntn et odore !
Jjitragale, Col d', Collum astragali.
Astragaloi'des Syphilit'ica, Astragalus ex-
Bcapus.
Aatrag'alo-SCaph'oid, {astragalus, and sca-
phoid,) Taloscaphoid.
Astrag'alaS, {a(rrpaya\oi,) Ta'lua, the An'kle,
Qua' trio, Quar'tio, Qiidtcr' iiio, Diah'ehos, Pe'za,
Cdvic'ula, Gaotl'la, Tetro'roft, As'tn'on, Os Bul-
Vat'a seu Tes'aerse, {aarpuya'Soi;, ' a die,* which it
has been considered to resemble [?].) A short
bone, situate at the superior and middle part of
the tarsus, where it is articulated with the tibia.
It is the ankle bone, sling bone, or first bone of the
foot. The anterior surfiujo is convex, and has a
well-marked prominence, supported by a kind of
neck, and hence has been called the head of the
uatragalus. The astragalus is developed by two
points of ossification.
Also, the atlas or first vertebra of the neck.
Abtbao'alus Ex'scapus, Astragaloi'des syphi-
lit'ica, Stem'lesa Milk'-vetch, (F.) Astragaie d
?oua»e» veins. Ord. Leguminosae. Sex. Syst.
)iadelpbia Decandria. The root is said to have
eared confirmed syphilis.
Astrao'alus Traoacan'thiis, seeTragacantha.
Astrao'ALUS Ve'rus, Spi'na hir'ci, Astray' ains
ueuUa' tut, Ooat't thorn, Milkvetch. The plant which
affurdB Gum Trag'acanth. See Tragacautha.
Astran'tiai (from astro,) Imperatoria — a. Dia-
penHia, Sanicula.
As'trapd, (aarpaTTn,) Cornsca'tio, Fnl'gur, FuV-
mtn^ Light' ning, (F.) £dair. Galen reckons it
amon^ the remote causes of enilepsy.
Altrio'tion, Attric'tio, Styp'sis, Adstric'tio,
Cotulric'tio, {oMtringere, — ad, and stringere, — ' to
oooitringe.') Action of an aatringent Bubstanoe
00 this animal economy.
Aftrioto'ria, A«tringent8.
Aitrin'geat Root, Comptonia asplonifolia.
A»trin'g«llti, A»lrin<feu'tia, Adstricto'ria, Ad-
•J'^'*'**0> Stryph'ua, Catautal'tica, Constringeii' -
•*•» Oontrakmt'li'i, Strgnu'lica, Syncrit'ica, As-
tHeti/ria, Same etymon ns Astriction. Modi-
tlnoi which have the prttperty of oonstringing the
vrganio t«xtttre«. Kxtornal antriogoDts are ouUud
As'trion, Astragalus.
As'trios, (aaTtjp, ' a star.') Asteria gemma.
As'tro, (from aarpov, ' a star.') In composition,
a star.
As'trobles, {aarpofiXrig, from astro, and ^aWu,
' I strike.') One struck by the stars, Sidera'tus.
One who is in a state of sideration — in an apo-
plectic state.
Astrobole'sia, (aarpo^oXriata,) Astrobolismus.
Astrobol'ia, {aarpoiioXia,) Astrobolismus.
Astrobolis'mus, Antrobol'ia, Astrobole'sia, He-
li'asis, Helio'sis. (Same etymon as Astrobles.)
Sidera'tion, or action of the stars on a person.
Apoplexy.
Astrob'olus, Asteria gemma.
Astroi'tis, {aarrip, * a star.') Asteria gemma.
Astrol'oger, see Astronomy.
Astrol'Ogy, A8trolog"i(t, ( aarpoXoyia, ' from
astro, and Aoyoj, ' a discourse.') The art of divin-
ing by inspecting the stars, Astromanti'a. Ih'v:
was formerly considered to be a part of medicine ;
and was called Judic"ial Astrology, to distinguish
it from astronomy.
Astromanti'a, Astrology.
Astron'omy, Astronotu'ia, (aarpovofjiia, from
astro, and vofxai, ' a law,' ' rule.') A science which
makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the
laws that govern them. Hippocrates places this
and astrology among the necessary studies of a
physician. In the earlier English writers, As-
tronomer is often used in the sense of Astrologer^
and conversely.
Astru'thium, Imperatoria.
Astyph'ia, (a, and arvsiv, ' to make erect.') Im^
potence.
Astys'ia, (same etymon,) Impotence.
Asuar, Myrobalanus Indica.
Asul'ci, Lapis lazuli.
Asymbol'la, (a, and avuSaXXw, '1 connect,' ina-
bility to connect words.) Aphasia.
Asynergi'a, (a, and synergy.) Want of cor-
relation between organs.
Asyner'gia, Locomo'tor, Progres'sive, Ataxic
locomotrice progressive.
Asyne'sia, (a, and avvitipi, *to comprehend,')
Dementia.
Asynod'ia, (a, and avvo6oi, 'copulation.') Im-
potence.
Asysto'lia, (F.) AsyatoUe, (a, and avaroXri, ' sys-
tole.') A name given by M. Beau to a period, in
diseases of the heart, in which the systole is in-
complete ; or, at least, is insufficient to free the
ventricles from the blood in them.
At, in composition, the same as Ad.
Atac'tos, {uTaKTOs, from a, and Taaaut, *I put in
order,') Erratic.
Ataractapoie'sia, Ataractopoe'sia, {aTapaxra-
miTjata, from a, rapuKTog, 'troubled,' and ttoiuv, ' to
make.') Intrepidity, firmness ; a quality of
which, according to Hippocrates, the physician
ought to be possessed in the highest degree.
Atarax'ia, (arapa^ia, from a, and Tapanis,
'trouble,' 'emotion.') Moral tranquillity, peace
of mind.
At'avism, Atavism'us, [atavus, ' an old grand-
sire or ancestor indefinitely.') The case in which
an anomaly or disease, existing in a family, is
lost in one generation and reappears in a f(jl-
lowing. Also, a tendency in the offspring of
living beings to inherit the characters of their
progenitors.
Atax'ia, Ataxy, (ara^ta, 'from a, and ra^ti,
'order.') (F.) Ataxic. Disorder, irregularity. Hip-
pocrates employs the word in its most extensive
acceptation. Galen applies it, especially, to
irregularity of pulse ; and Sydenham speaks of
Ataxia Spiritnum for disorder of the nervous
system. Ataxia, now, usually means the stata
of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers, and
the nervous condition.
ATAXIA
Atax'ia Motus, Ataxic locomotrice progressive
— a. Progressive locomotor, Ataxie locoinotrice
progressive — a. Spirituum, Nervous diathesis.
See Ataxia.
Atax'iCf Atax'tcus. Having the characters of
ataxia.
AtaxiCf Ataxia.
Ataxie Locotnotrice JProgTessivCf Maladie de
JDuckeuiie, Progres'sive Locomo'tor Atax' ia or
A'taxtf, Progressive Locomotor A^yner'gia, D>i-
chenne's Paralysisy Disease of Duchenue, Spinal
Atrophy, Atrophia SpiiKtlis seu Mascnlorum ingra'
jesceiis, Atojcia Mot&a. A morbid coadition de-
scribed by Duchenae of Boulogne, the most
prominent symptom of which is tiie loss of power
to coordinate the voluntary movements, so that
there is apparent paralysis. The pathognomic
appearances are iu the posterior columns of the
cord, including the posterior nerve-roots, the
fibres being atrophied and degenerated. The
cerebral nerves are sometimes also aflFected.
A'taxy, Ataxia — a. Locomotor, Ataxie loco-
motriee.
At'char, A'ehia, Ackar. A condiment used in
India. It is formed of green fruits of various
kinds — garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento —
pickled in vinegar.
Atec'nia, (arcxvui, from a, and rcKvovy * a child.')
Sterilitas.
Ateleo'tasis, Atelek'tafiii,{at€lo, and E»rrao-tj, *dil-
atation.') Imperfect expansion or dilatation; as in
Atelec'tasis Pulmo'mjm, Pueumonatelec'taHis,
Pueiimatelec'tasis. Imperfect expansion of the
lungs at birth, giving rise to Gyano'sis puhuona'-
lis. A similar condition is observed in lungs
which have received air, and in a distinctly lobu-
lar form. This is regarded by Dr. W. T. Gaird-
ner as, in all probability, a secondary lesion, and
dependent, in the majority of instances, on a
catarrhal condition of the bronchial tubes. It is
called, by hira, pulmonary collapse or collapse of
the lung, Gollap'sus pulmo'nis, and has received
the name apneumato'sis from Fuchs.
Ateli'a, {aT€.\eta, 'imperfection,') (F.) AtHie.
A monstrosity iu which there is a want of some
member.
At'elo, (from arsXiff, * imperfect,') in composi-
tion, defective.
Atelocar'dia, Gardiate'Uay {atelo, and KopSia,
*the heart.') Imperfect formation of the heart.
Atelocheiria, {atelo, and :]^«Aof, Mip.') A
malformation which consists in an imperfect de-
velopment of the lip,
Ateloencephal'ia, {atelo, and tyicfpaXov, 'the
encephalon.') State of imperfect development
of the brain.
Ateloglos'sia, {atelo, and yXwo-o-o, 'tongue.')
A malformation which consists in an imperfect
development of the tongue.
Atelogna'thia, {atelo, and yvadoi, ' the jaw.')
A malformation which consists in an imperfect
development of the jaw.
Atelomyeria, {atelo, and hveXo^, ' marrow.')
State of imperfect development of the spinal
marrow.
Ateloproso'pia, {atelo, and noo'Tfanov, ' the face.')
A malformation which consists in imperfect de-
velopment of the face.
Atelorachidia, {atelo, and (mx^s, ' spine,') Hy-
dro rachis.
Atelostom'ia, {atelo, and arona, 'mouth.') One
whose mouth is imperfectly developed.
A'ter Suc'cus, {' black juice.') Atrabilis.
Athamau'ta, (Athamas, a place in Thessaly.)
A genus of plants.
Athaman'ta An'nua, a. Cretensis.
Athaman'ta Aureoseli'num, Oreoseli'num, 0.
legit'imum seu ni'grum, SelVnum oreo'aeli'nnm,
Peuced'anum oreoseli'num, A'pium monta'num,
Black Moun'tain Par'eley, (F.) Perail de Mon-
ATHORACOCEPHALUS 99
tagne. Ord. Umbelliferse. The plant, seed, and
roots, are aromatic. It has been considered at-
tenuant, aperient, deobstruent, and lithontriptic.
The distilled oil has been used in toothache.
Athaman'ta Cretkn'sis seu Cre'tica, A. an'~
tiua, Libano'tia an'nua seu Creten'sis seu htrsu'ta,
Dau'cu8 Gre'ticus seu Candia'nus, Myr'rhis an'nua,
Gaii'dy Gar'rot. The seeds of this plant are acrid
and aromatic. They have been used as carmina-
tives and diuretics.
Athaman'ta Macedon'ica, Bubon Macedonia
cum — a. Meum, ^thusa meum.
Athana'sia, Tanacetum.
AthANA'SIA, {a&avacFia, from a, and ^avaro^,
'death.') An antidote for diseases of the liver,
jaundice, gravel, &c. It consisted of gaffron, cin-
namon, lavender, cassia, myrrh, juncus odoratus,
honey, Ac, and was esteemed to be sudorific.
Atha'ra, {a^a/iu,) Athera.
Athelas'mus, («. and ^hjf *a breast or nip-
ple.') Impracticability of giving suck, from
want of nipple or otherwise.
Athe'les, Athe'lm, {a^n^Vin a^fjXoj, from a, and
^riXri, 'the nipple, the breast.') Without the
breast: weaned; devoid of nipple; one that has
not sucked.
Athe'na, {a^va.) Name of a plaster, recom-
mended by Asclepiades, and composed of oxide
of copper, sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac^
verdigris, gall nuts, and a variety of resinous
and other ingredients.
Athenio'nis Catapo'tium. A pill, composed
of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium; used tc
allay coughing.
Athe'ra, Atha'ra, {a$npa, from a^p, 'an ear of
corn.') A kind of pap for children; also, a kind
of liniment.
Atherapeut'us, {a&EpairtvTog, from a, and $$~
pan-cuuj, ' I treat or cure.') Incurable.
Athermosystal'tic, (a, priv., S^cp^oj, 'heat,' and
maraXriKos, ' adapted for contracting.') See Ther-.
mosystaltic.
Athero'ma, gen. Athero'matis, {a^rjpoifta, from
aStjpa, ' pap or pulp,') Emphy'ma encys'tia athero''
ma, Mollus'cum, PuUa'tio, (F.) Aihh-ome. A form
of fatty degeneration seated in the deeper layers
of the inner coat of arteries, by some writers con-
sidered as the result of chronic parenchymatous
inflammation of the inner arterial tunics. If the
lining membrane gives way, an atheromatous ulcer
may result. — A tumor formed by a cyst contain-
ing matter like pap or houiUie, or plaster.
Atheroma'sia. The change to a condition of
atheroma.
Atherom'atOUS, Atheromato'des, (F.) Athi-
romateux. Having the nature of atheroma.
The term Atheromatous pulp, Branlike pulp,
has been applied to the appearance presented by
the metamorphosis of products of fatty degener-
ation inclosed in a cavity, whose walls are in a
state of inflammatory irritation.
Atlierome, Atheroma.
Atiierosperin'a Moscha'ta, Austra'lian Sas'sa-
fras. The volatile oil obtained from the bark
of this tree is said to be diaphoretic, diuretic,
and sedative to the heart's action.
Atheto'sis, (from a^troj, 'without fixed posi-
tion.') An aftection, so called by Dr. W. A. Ham-
mond, characterized by inability to retain the
fingers and toes in any position in which they are
placed, and by their continual motion.
Athle'ta, {a^Xmvi, from a^\og, 'a combat,')
(F.) Athlete. Athletaj were men who exercised
themselves in combats at the public festivals.
Athlet'ic, {a&XririKos,) Athle'ticus, (F.) AthU-
tique. Concerning Athletes. Strong in muscula-t
powers.
Ath'ol Por'ridge, see Mahogany.
Athoracoceph'alus, («, &iapa^, 'thorax,' &n4
Kt<l,aXt], ' head,') Acephalogaater.
100
ATHRIX
ATRESIA
A'thrix, gen. A'trichii, A'in'chus, Calvtis, (F.)
Chauoe ; (aV(, from a, and dfti^, gen. rpixos, ' hair.'J
]iald, (Sc.) Held, Bellit. One who has lost his hair.
A'thbix Dkp'ilis, Alopecia.
Athym'ia« An'imi de/ec'tua et anxt'eta» seu
iemiii'gio, Triatit" ia, Mieror, Ly'pe, {a^fiia, from
f, ami ^iioi, ' heart/ * courage.') Despondency.
The prostration of spirits often observable in the
«i«k. — Melancholy. See Panophobia.
Athym'ia Pleonec'tica, see Pleonectica.
Athyr'ion, Asplenium cetcrach.
Athyr'ium Fi'lix FflBm'ina, Asplenium filix
fotiuina — a. Filix mas, Polypodium filix mas —
a. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina — a. Ovatum,
Asplenium filix foemina — a. Trifidum, Asplenium
filix fcemina.
Atlant'ad, see Atlantal aspect.
Atlant'al; same etymon as Atlaa. Relating
or appertaining to the atlas.
Atlant'al As'pect. An aspect towards the
region where the atlas is situated. — Barclay.
Atlant'ad is used by the same writer to signify
' towards the atlantal aspect.'
Atlant'al Extuem'ities. The upper limbs.
Atlant'ion, Atlas.
At'laS, geu. Atlan'tia, (orAof^ gen. arXavng, from
arXau, 'I sustain,') Atlan'iion, Aatray'alus, The
Jirat cer'vical ver'tebra; so called from its sup-
porting the whole weight of the head, as Atlas is
said to have supported the globe on his shoulders.
Chttussier calls it Atldide. This vertebra in no
respect resembles the others. It is a kind of
irregular ring, into which, anteriorly, the pro-
cenaua dentutua of the second vertebra is received.
Posteriorly, it gives passage to the medulla spi-
nalis. By some of the older anatomists, the last
cervical vertebra was called Atlaa.
Atlod'ymus, Atlodid'yium, (E.) Atlodyme, {At-
laa, ' the first bone of the neck,' and 6t6vfxoi, ' a
twin.*) A monster which is simple below and
double above, M. Isid. Geoft'roy Saint-Hilaire
applies this term to a monster which has a single
body, with two distinct heads supported on one
neck.
AUo'ide, Atlas.
Atioi'do, in composition, Atlas.
Atloidoax'oid, (F.) Atlo'ido-axo'idien. Relating
to both the Atlas and the Axis or Vertebra den lata.
Atlo'i'uoax'oid Abticula'tion. The articula-
tion between the first two cervical vertebrje.
Atloidoax'oid Lig'aments. These are two in
number; one anterior and another poaterior, pass-
ing Ijetween the two vertebruj.
Atlo'idodocip'ital. Relating to the atlas and
OOciput. The Atloido-occip' ital Articula'tion is
formed by the condyles of the occipital bone and
the superior articular surfaces of the Atlas. The
Ailoidu-occip'ital niuHcle is the Rectus capitis
potilicus minor.
AUoUlo-aouniruutoidieH, Obliquus superior oc-
uli — a. S<iH«oci:ipiinle, Rcotus Capitis lateralis.
Atxniatri'a, Atmidiat'rice, (ar^oj, ' vapor,* and
mrptia, ' treatment.') Treatment of diseases by
fumigation, or inhalation, (F.) Medecine pneu-
malitfiie.
Atmidiat'riod, {arfus, gen. arfudof, ' vapor,' and
iTfttiu, ' truatuieut,') Atmiatria.
Atmiste'rion, {aTitiaroi, ' turned into vapor.')
Vttj»or;inum.
At'mograph, S'pi'ro;/raph, {ariMtf, * vapor,' and
yptt/*», • I dcHoribo.') An instrument for marking
'^« T' ' ~" niovoiuout in the same manner as
^« ii docs thoHo of the pulse.
Alni . ['*rnQf, 'vapor,' and Xovvfiw, *a
Mth.'> Vujiuiunuui.
At'mos, (uT^,) liroatb.
At'moiphare. Atmuapha'ni, {arftnf, ' vapor,* and
0^t>a, ' a. Hj.hcro ;' — au it wore .Sphere of vu'pura.)
Tho BiuiuHphurv is a aphorical mass of air, sur-
tottudiug the oarth in every part; the height of
which is estimated at 15 or 16 leagues. It presses
on the surface of the earth, and this pressure has,
necessarily, sensible efi'ects on organized bodies.
The surface of the human body being reckoned
at 15 square feet, it is computed that a pressure
of 33,000 pounds or more exists under ordinary
circumstances; and this pressure cannot be in-
creased or diminished materially, without modify-
ing the circulation and all the functions. See Air.
At'mospheke, Com'pressed, Compreaaed Air,
Condenaed Atmoaphere or Air. This agent has
been resorted to in various conditions of organic
disease involving dyspnoea, as chronic bronchitis,
emphysema, certain cardiac aff^ections, Ac. The
treatment, under the name of the Compreaaed Air
Cure, is especially practised in Bavaria.
Atmospheriza'tion, Hajmatosis.
Ato'cia, (a, and tokos, 'a child,') Sterilitas.
Atol'mia, (aroXfua, from a, and roXfia, 'confi-
dence.') Want of confidence; discouragement.
A state of mind unfavorable to health, and inju-
rious in disease. It is the antithesis of Eutol'mia.
Atomiza'tion, Pulverization.
At'omized, see Pulverization.
At'omizer, That which reduces to atoms or
minute particles. See Pulverization.
At'omy, Skeleton.
Aton'ia, {arovia,) Atony — a. Ventriculi, Gas-
terasthenia.
Aton'ic, Aton'ieua, (F.) Aioniqne. Wanting
tone. Also, a medicine capable of allaying or-
ganic excitement or irritation.
At'ony, Aton'ia, Injir'mitaa et Remia'aio vi'rium,
Lan'yuor, Lax'itaa, {arovia, from a, and tovo^,
'tone.') Want of tone. Weakness of every organ,
and particularly of those that are contractile.
Violent gastritis has been described by Scribonius
Largus under a similar name, At'onon, {arovov.)
Atrabil'iary, Atrabil'ioua, AtrahiUa'ria, Atra-
bilio'8U8,[F.) Atrabilaire, Atrabileux,{ater, 'black,*
and bilia, ' bile.') An epithet given by the an-
cients to the melancholic and hypochondriac,
because they believed the Atrabilis to predomi-
nate in such.
Atrabil'iary Cap'stjles, Arte'ries, and
Veins. The renal capsules, arteries, and veins ;
the formation of Atrabilis having been attributed
to them.
Atrabi'lis, (same etymon,) A'ter anc'eua, Black
Bile, or Mel'ancholy, (F.) Atrubile. According to
the ancients, a thick, black, acrid humor, secreted,
in the opinion of some, by tho pancreas ; in that
of others, by the suprarenal capsules. Hippo-
crates, Galen, Aetius, and others, ascribe great
influence to the Atrabilis in the production of
hypochondriasis, melancholy, and mania. There
is really no such humor. It was an imaginary
creation.
Atrache'loceph'alus, (a, TQaxnXoi, 'neck,' and
KKpaXrj, 'head.') A monster whose neck is par-
tially or wholly deficient.
Atrache'lus, {arpaxvXoi, from a, and rpcociXos,
' neck.') One devoid of neck, or who is very
short- necked.
Atrac'tylis Gummif'era, {aTpuKrvXn,) Car'-
dnua pi'ncu8f Ixi'ne, Gnminy-rooted Atractylia,
Pine Thia'tle. Ord. Compositae. Tlje root, when
wounded, yields a milky, viscid juice, which
concretes into tenacious masses, and is said to
be chewed with tho same views as mastich.
Atra'genfi, Clematis vitalba.
Atramen'tum, {ater, 'black,') A. Suto'rium,
Ink, Chalcan'thnm, (F.) Encre. Made of galls
and sulphate of iron, it has been advised as an
astringent, and as an external application ia
herpetic afl'ections.
Atramen'tum Suto'rium, Ferri sulphas.
Atre'flia, (see Atreto,) (F.) Atreaie. Imperfo-
ratiou. See Monster.
Atrb'sia A'ni, Aproctia.
ATRESIA
ATROPI^
101
Atre'sia A'ni Adna'ta, A'nua Imperfora'tua,
Imperfora'tio a'ni, Atretocys' ia, (P.) Imperforation
lie I'anus. Congenital imperforation of the intes-
tinal canal.
Atre'sia Vagi'n^, Colpatresia — a. Vulvae, see
Vulva.
Atretelyt'ria, (atreto, and eXvrpov, 'vagina.')
Colpatresia.
Atretis'mus, (from atreto.) Imperforation.
Atre'to, [a, and rpau), '1 perforate/) in com-
position, * imperforate.'
Atretoceph'alus, {atreto, and KspaXij, 'head.')
A monster in which some of the natural apertures
-)f the head are wanting.
Atretooor'mus, {atreto, and Kopfios, 'trunk.')
A monster in which the natural apertures of the
trunk are wanting.
Atretocys'ia, {atreto, and mim^, 'anus/) Atresia
ani.
Atretomet'ria, (atreto, and ntjrpa, 'uterus.')
Hysteratresia.
Atretop'sia, {atreto, and wi//, ' the eye.') Core-
clisis.
Atretostom'ia. {atreto, and arona, 'mouth.')
Imperforation of the mouth.
Atreture'thria, {atreto, and oupri^pa,' urethra,.')
Imperforation of the urethra.
Atre'tUS, {arprj-ros,) Lnperfora'tus, Imper'forate.
One whose anus {aproc'tus), or parts of genera-
tion, for example, are imperforate.
A'tria, (pi. of atrium, 'the hall of a house.')
Auricles of the heart — a. Mortis, see Death.
Atricapil'lus, {ater, ' black/ and capillm,
' hair.') Melanothrix.
A'trices. Small tumors, which appear occa-
sionally around the anus. Some commentators
consider the word to be synonymous with condy-
lomata.
Atrich'ia, {a, and 5pt(, gen. r^t;j;°f, ' a hair,')
Alopecia — a. Adnata, see Alopecia — ■ a. Senilis,
see Alopecia.
At'richus, {aTpi')^pi,) Athrix.
At'rici, {atricus, ' a porter at the atrium or hall.')
Small sinuses in the vicinity of the anus, not
penetrating the rectum.
A'trioventric'ular, Auriculo-ventricular.
At'riplex (gen. Atrip'licia) Foe'tida, Chenopo-
dium vulvaria.
iiT'RiPLEX Horten'sis, A. Sati'va, (F.) Ar-
roche, lionne Dame, Follette. Ord. Chenopodia-
oeae. The herb and seed of this plant have been
exhibited as antiscorbutics.
At'riplex al'imus, A. PortulacoVdea, and A,
Pat'ula, are used as pickles, and have similar
properties.
At'riplex Lacistia'ta, A. patula — a. Mexi-
cana, Chenopodium ambrosioides — a. Odorata,
Chenopodium botrys — a. Olida, Chenopodium
vulvaria.
At'riplex Pat'itla, A. lacinla'ta seu Purshi-
a'na, Spread'ing Or' ache ; indigenous ; Family,
Chenopodiaceae. The expressed juice is said to
be cathartic. It has been used in place of gam-
boge in dropsy and asthma.
At'riplex Purshia'xa, A. patula.
A'trium('a hall,') Cor'dis Dex'trum, Sinus
dexter cordis — a. Cordis sinistrum, Sinus pul-
moualis — a. Vagina), Vestibulum.
At'ropa, (from A-rponog, ' immutable,' ' the god-
dess of destiny/ so called from its fatal effects.)
At'ropa Belladon'.va, Jiellado7i'na, B. haccif-
cra seu trichot'oma, Sola'num letha'le seu horten'se
ni'(jrum, Sola'num muni'acum seu furio't^nm seu
melanocer'asus, Strych'noft, Deadly Nifjhtshade,
Common Dwale, (Sc) Mekilwort, (F.) Belladone,
Morelle furieuse. Belle D(nne. Ord. Solanaceas.
Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves —
Bellndon'nie fo'lium, (Ph. U. S., 1863,) B. folia,
(Ph. U. S., 1873) — are powerfully narcotic, and
also diaphoretic and diuretic. They are occa-
sionally used where narcotics are indicated.
Sprinkling the powdered leaves over canceroun
sores has been found to allay the pain ; and the
leaves form a good poultice. Dose, gr. ^ to gr. j.
of the powdered leaves.
At'ropsR Belladon'nse Ra'dix, (Ph. U. S.,
1873,) Belladonna Root, is the root of Atropa
Belladonna from plants more than two years old.
At'hopa Mandrag'ora, Mandrag'ora, M. ver-
na'lis seu offivina'lia seu acaul'is, Oircst'a, AntJiro-
pomvrph'ue, Semiho'mo Ma'lum terres'tre, Man'-
drake. The boiled root has been used in the form
of poultice to indolent swellings.
Atroph'ia, Atrophy, Tabes — a. Ablactatorum,
Brash, weauiiig — a. Cerebri, Phrenatrophia — a.
Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a. Dentis, Odon-
tatrophia — a. Glandularis, Tabes mesenterica —
a. Hepatis, Hepatatrophia — a. Infantum, Paeda-
trophia, Tabes mesenterica — a. Intestinorum,
Enteratrophia.
Atroph'ia Lactan'tium, Ta'hes nutri'cum seu
lac'teu. The atrophy of nursing women.
Atroph'ia Lienis, Splenatrophia — a. Mesen-
terica, Tabes mesenterica — a. Spinalis, Ataxio
locomotrice — a. Testiculi, Orchidatrophia — a.
Unguium, Onychatrophia.
Atroph'ici (Morbi). Diseases of nutrition,
characterized by atrophy and debility.
Atrophic, Atrophy — a. des Dents, Odontatro-
phia — a. Meaenteriqne, Tabes mesenterica— a. 3fu«-
culaire Pro(jrennive, Atrophy,progressivemuscular.
At'rophy, {aTpo<pta, from a, and rpo^j?, 'nourish-
ment/) Maraa'muH Atroph'ia, Atroith'ia Maras'-
miia, Marau'sis, Ma'ciea, Contahescen'tia, Ta'hes
Marco' res, Analo'ais, (F.) Atrophic, Dess^chemeut.
Defective nutrition, — Hijpot'rophy. Progressive
and morbid diminution in the bulk of the whole
body or of a part. Atrophy is generally symp-
tomatic. Any tissue or organ thus affected is
said to be at'rophied.
AT'ROPHr, Cruveu/hier's, Atrophy, progres-
sive muscular — a. of the Heart, Liver, Lung,
<fcc , see Heart, Liver, Lung, <fcc., atrophy of the.
At'ropuv, Liv'ear. a form of morphoea, a hy-
pertrophic disease of the skin, occurring in bands
or lines, chiefly about the forehead, arms, and legs.
At'rophv op Op'tio Nebve, see Optic nerve —
a. of Retina, see Optic nerve.
At'rophy, Progres'sive Mus'cular, Cruveil'-
hier'a At'rophy or Paral'ysia or Dia'ease, Creeping
Palay, Periph'eric Paralysis, Lead Palsy loithoiit
lead, W'tat' ing Palsy, (F.) Atrophic musculaire
progressive, Paralysie mnscalaire atrophique. At-
rophic mxisculaire primitive ou idiopathique ou
avec transformation graisseuse, Paral'ysia atroph'-
ica. A rare malady, in which the muscles become
so greatly atrophied that they cannot perform
their functions. It has been considered to consist
in granular degeneration of the voluntary muscles,
doubtless often, if not always, dependent on lesion
of the anterior roots of the spinal nerves.
At'rophy, Rheuji'atic. Muscular atrophy con-
sequent on rheumatism, involving the whole
muscular mass, without transformation.
At'rophy, Kig"id. A rigid contraction of
muscles which have been atrophied from exhaus-
tion, after long-continued spasm, from inflamma-
tion or rheumatism.
At'rophy, Spi'nal, Ataxic locomotrice.
Atro'pia, Atropine — a. Sulphate of, Atropisp
sulphas.
Atro'pi^ Sul'phas. Sul'phate of Atro'pia, (F.)
Sidfate d' Atropine. Formed by dissolving atro-
pia in stronger ether, to which solution a mixture
of Sulphuric acid and stronger alcohol is added
drop by drop, until the atropia is neutralized
and the precipitate deposited. The ether is then
decanted, and the residue evaporated spontane-
ously until the salt is left dry, (Ph. U. S., 1S73;
Virtues, the same as those of Atropia.
102
ATROPI^
AUDITORY
Atro'pI-« Vale'rianas, Valerianaie o/Atropia.
The French Codex (1866) has a formula for the
preparation of Vale'rimmte d' Atropine.
At'ropine, At'ropin, Anopi'na, Atro'pia (Ph.
U. S.). Atro'piuni, Ati-opi'uum, Jielladon'nin, (F.)
Atropine. The active principle of At ropa Bella-
donna may be separated by a process similar to
that for procuring morphia. A formula for its
preparation was introduced into the Ph. U. S.,
1873. A single drop of a solution, of one grain
in f^iv. of distilled water with a few drops of
acetic acid, applied to the inner surface of the
lower eyelid, causes dilatation of the pupil in
fifteen or twenty minutes. A grain to a drachm
of lard is an application in neuralgia. Discs of
gelatine impregnated with atropia may also be
applied to the moist conjunctiva. The Ph. B.,
1867, has a Liquor Atropise, and a Liquor Atro-
pia Sulphatis.
At'ropism, (from atropa belladonna). A term
employed to express the constitutional effects of
belladonna.
Attache, Insertion.
Attack', Inaul'tm, Assul'tus, Irrep'tio, Inva'sio,
Eia'boii, Lep'ais, Ac'cess, (Prov.) Take, (P.) At-
taque, Accis. A sudden attack, invasion, or onset
of a disease. A seizure. One attacked or affect-
ed with severe disease is often said, in the United
States, to be "taken down," or to be "doton"
with it.
At'tagas, (aTTayoi,) Attagen.
At'tagen, gen. Attage'nia, {arrayriv,) At'tagas,
the Fran'colin. Celebrated with the ancients
both as food and medicine.
At'tancourt, Min'eral Wa'ters of. A min-
eral water in France, at Attancourt, in Cham-
?agne, about three leagues north of Joinville.
he water is a chalybeate, and contains sulphate
of lime. In large doses it is a purgative.
Attaque, Attack — a. den Nerfs, Nervous attack.
At'tar of Roses, see Kosa centifolia.
AtU'lle, Splint.
Attenoting, Min'eral Wa'ters of, in Bavaria.
The water contains carbonic acid, carbonates of
lime and soda, sulphates of lime and magnesia,
chloride of sodium, iron, and alum. It is much
used in skin diseases, fistula, old ulcers, calculi,
and haemorrhoids.
Atten'aantS, Attenuan'tia, Leptun'tica, (P.)
Attfnunnta, Leptontiques, {at, and tenuis, *thin.')
Medicines which augment the fluidity of the
humors.
Attenua'tion, Attenua'tio. Thinness, emaci-
ation. A term used by the homoeopathists, in
the sense of dilution or division of remedies into
infinitesimal doses.
AttlniiU, {(It, and tirer, *to draw,*) Attrahent.
At'titade, i:H'tuH Cor'poris. (Low Latin, ap-
titudu ; from apiure, * to fit.') Situation, position
of the body. The attitudes are the different pos-
tures which man is capable of assuming. In
Oeuerul Putholoijy, the attitude will often enable
the physician to jironounce at once upon the
obaracler of a diBeaso, or it will aid him materi-
ally in bis judgment. In St. Vitus's dance, in
fracturcH, luxali<mH, Ac, it is the great index.
It will also indicate the degree of nervous or
eorebral power ; hence sinking down in bed is an
evidence of groat cerebral debility in fever. The
potfitioQ of a ]>atinnt during an operation is also
an intereHting Bubject of attention to the surgeon.
Attol lent Aur'em, {at, and tollo, « I raise,')
A. Auric' ulir, Leru'tur Aur'ii, Supe'rior Anr'in,
Atiut'Uiti 4«'*<"«'m^«'«, Auriciilti'rin tupe'rior, (F.)
Auriculairt aupfrienr, Tenifioro -miriculaire. A
noiicln of the ear, which ariMcs, thin, broad, and
t«Dtiiuoii«, from the tendon of the oooipito-fron-
taliM, and if Inserted into the unper part of the
ear, oppo»it« to the autihelix. It raifles the ear.
ATTUL'Llt.'<il liu'MKKUM, (u(i, aud tollere, Ho
raise,*) Deltoid — a. Oculi, Rectus superior ocnh
— a. Oculum, Rectus superior oculi.
Attmichefnent, {at, and toucher, * to handle,')
Masturbation.
Attrac'tion of Aggrega'tion, Cohesion, force ol
Attracti'vus, Altrahent.
Attracto'rius, Attrahent.
At'trahens, Attrahent — a. Auriculam, Ant«^
rior auris.
At'trahent, At'trahens, Attracti'vus, Attracto'-
rius, (F.) Attractif, Attirant. Remedies are S3
called which attract fluids to the parts to whicl
they are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, &c.
Attrape-lmirdaut, (F.) {attraper, 'to seize.';
A bistoury invented by a French surgeon, called
Biennaise, and used in the operation for hernia.
See Bistouri cach6.
Attri'ta, {at, and terere, tritum, * to rub,')
Chafing.
Attrif'io, Attrition, Chafing.
Attrifion, Attrit"io, EcthUm'ma. Friction
or bruising. Chafing. Also, a kind of cardial-
gia. Likewise, a violent contusion.
Attri'tus, Chafing.
Atyp'ic, Atyp'ieus, A^ypns, (F.) Atypique, (a,
and TWTOj, ' type.') That which has no type. Ir-
regular- Chiefly applied to an irregular inter-
mittent — Fehvis atyp'ica.
At'ypos, (sarne etymon as Atypic.) Erratic.
Au, as a prefix, see A.
Auan'sis, (from avawig, * desiccation,') Drying.
Auan'te. Hippocrates gave this name to a
disease, the principal symptom of which was
emaciation. Atrophy.
Auhepi-nef {auhe, (L.) alhus, ' white,* and ipine,
* spina, thorn,') Mespilus oxyacantha.
Aubergine, Solanum melon gen a.
Auhevi,gne, {auhe, 'white,' aud vigne, 'vine,')
Clematis vitalba.
AttMfoitt, (au6e, ' white,* Bud foin,/oenum, 'hay,
grass,') Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus segetum.
Aubo^irs, (from albus, ' white,') see Cytisina.
Auch'en, {avxyit",) Collum.
Aucliexiorrbeuill'a, gen. Anchenorrheum'atit,
{auchen, and rheuma, ' rheumatism,') Torticollis.
Auche'ticus, {av^^Vf * *he neck.') One affected
with stiff neck or torticollis.
Auctum'nus, {augere, auctum, *to increase,')
Autumn.
Aud'e, (avSij,) Voice.
Audinac, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Audinao is
situate in the department of Arridge, France. The
water contains a small quantity of sulphohydrio
acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and mag-
nesia, carbonates of lime and iron, and a bitu-
minous substance. Temp. 67° Fahr. It is much
used in chronic rheumatism, herpes, scrofulous
diseases, Ac. Season, from the first of June to
the first of September.
Auditif, Auditory.
Audit'ion, {audire, auditnm, 'to hear;*)^u-
dit"io, Audi'tus, A'coe, Acoe'sis, Acu'sia, Hear-
ing, {Y.) On'ie. The act of hearing. The sensa-
tion arising from an impression made on the au-
ditory nerves by the vibrations of the air, prO'
duced by a sonorous body. The physiology of
Audition is obscure. It probably takes place ; —
1. By the vibrations being communicated from
the nicmbrana tympani along the chain of small
bones to the membrane of the foramen ovale. 2.
By means of the air in the cavity of the tym-
panum, the membrane of the foramen rctundum
18 agitated. 3. The transmission may be made
by means of the bony parietes. In these three
ways the vibrations produced by a sonorous body
may reach the auditory nerve. Audition may be
active or passive : hence the difference between
listening and simply hearing.
And'itory, Audito'rins, Avditi'vus, Acns'ticutf
(F.) Auditif. That which relates to audition.
AUDITORY
AURICULAR
103
Aud'itoky Ar'teries and Veins are vessels
which enter the auditory canals, and are, like
them, distinguished into internal and external.
The external auditory artery, A. Tympanique —
(Ch.), is given off by the styloid, a branch of the
external carotid: the internal is a branch of the
basilary artery, which accompanies the auditory
nerve, and is distributed to it. The Auditory
Veins empty into the internal and external jug-
ulars.
AuD'iTORy Canal', Exter'nal, Jfea'tus audi-
ta' riua exter'nus, Po'ras acus'ticua exter'nus, Al-
vea'rium, Sca'pha, Sca'phus, (F.) Coiduit auditif
externe, Conduit auricnlaire, commences at the
bottom of the concha, at the For a' men auditi'vum
exter'num, passes inwards, forwards, and a little
downwards, and terminates at the membrana
tympani. It is partly cartilaginous, pax'tly os-
seous, and partly fibrous.
Aud'itory Canal', Inter'nal, Mea'tus andito'-
rius inter'nus, Po'ras seu Si'nus acui'ticns, Cy'ar,
(F.) Conduit auditif interne, C. labyrinthique, is
situate on the posterior surface of the pars pe-
trosa of the temporal bone. From the Fora'men
auditi'vum inter'num, where it commences, it
passes forwards and outwards, and terminates by
a kind of cul-de-sac, perforated by many holes,
mac'nlie crihro'sse, one of which is the orifice of the
Aquaeductus Fallopii ; and the others communi-
cate with the labyrinth.
Aud'itoiiy Nerve, Ner'vus audito'rius seu
acus'ticua, Nerf labyrinthique, (Ch.), is the For' -
tio Mnl'lis of the seventh pair. It arises from
the corpus restiforme, from the floor of the fourth
ventricle, and by mea,ns of white striae from the
sides of the calamus scriptorius. As it leaves the
encephalon, it forms a flattened cord, and pro-
ceeds with the facial nerve through the foramen
auditivum internum, and as far as the bottom of
the meatus, where it separates from the facial,
and divides into two branches, one going to the
cochlea, the coch'lear ; the other to the vestibule
and semicircular canals, the vestibular.
Auerbach, Ganglion of. See Ganglion of
Auerbach.
Aug'e, Al'veus. Some of the older anatomists
gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquids
fliow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter-
nately full and empty. Such are the ventricles
and auricles of the heart.
Auggere, Intermittent Fever.
Augmenta'tion, (from auger e, auctum, ' to in-
crease,') Augmen'tum, Incremen'tum, Anab'asis,
JLuc'tio, Aux'is, Progres'sio, Progres'sus, Auxe'-
sis, Acere'tion, (F.) Augment. The stage of a dis-
i ease in which the symptoms go on increasing.
I AulaCOme'le, {avXai, gen. auXa/cus, 'a furrow,'
R and firiXri, ' a probe,') see Grooved.
1 Aulis'cus, (aoAw/cos, dim. of Aulas,) Canula.
See Fistula.
Aulnee, Aun^e.
Aul'us, (nuXoj, *a fistula or pipe,') Canula,
Fistula. See Foramen, and Vagina.
Aumale, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Aumale is a
town of Upper Normandy, in the district of Caux.
Several springs of ferruginous mineral waters are
found there, whose odor is penetrating, and taste
rough and astringent. They are tonic, and em-
ployed in debility of the viscera, &c.
Autnure, (al, and murvs, ' a wall,') Parietaria.
A.%itne Noire, {alnus,) Rhamnus frangula.
Awiee, Inula helenium — a. Dysenterique, In-
ula dysenterica — a. Officinale, Inula helenium.
Aur'a, {avpa,) Pno'e, Pnoe'a, Pnous. A vapor
or emanation from any body, surrounding it like
an atmosphere. Van Helmont regarded the vital
principle as a gas and volatile spirit, which he
called" ylwr'a vita'lis.
In Pathology, Aura means the sensation of a
light vapor, which, in some diseases, appears to
set out from the trunk or limbs, and to rise to-
wards the head. This feeling has been found to
precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and
hence it has been called Au'ra epilep'tica, and
A. hyster'ica.
Aiir'a Epilep'tica, see Aura — a. Hysterica,
see Aura.
Aur'a, Mo'tor. A term occasionally applied
to the convulsive phenomena which precede, at
times, an epileptic fit.
Aur'a San'guinis. The odor exhaled by blood
newly drawn. See Gas sanguinis.
Aur'a Sem'inis, A. semina'lis, Spir'itus genita'-
lis. A volatile principle fancied to exist in the
sperm, and regarded by some as the fecundating
agent. Such is not the case.
Aur'a Vita'lis, Vital principle.
Aur'al, Aura' lis, (from aurus, 'ear.') Relating
or appertaining to the ear.
Aur'al Med'icine and Sur'gery, Otiatria.
Auran'cum, see Ovum.
Auranite, see Agaric.
Auran'tia Curassaven'tia, (from avrum,' gold*
[?]), A. Cnrcsxnv'ica, Curasao' a ap'ples or or'-
angea. Immature oranges, checked, b3' accident,
in their growth. They are a grateful, aromatic
bitter, devoid of acidity. Infused in wine or
brandy they make a good stomachic. They are
also used for inane peax. See Citrus aurantium.
Auran'tii Amari Cortex, see Citrus auran-
tium — a. Cortex, see Citrus aurantium — a.
Flores, see Citrus aurantium — a. Floris aqua,
see Citrus aurantium.
Auran'tium, (from aurum, 'gold,' (?) owing
to the color.) Citrus aurantium.
Aurelia'na Canaden'sis, Panax quinquefo-
lium.
Aure'ola, Areola.
Aur'i (gen. of aurum) Chlore'tum cum Chlo-
re'to Na'trii, see Gold — a. Chloretum, Gold,
muriate of — a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate of — a.
Cyanidum, see GoM — a. Cyanuretum, see Gold — ■
a. lodidum, see Gold — a. loduretum, see Gold —
a. Murias, Gold, muriate of — a. Nitromurias,
see Gold — a. Oxidum, see Gold — a. Terchlori-
dum, see Gold — a. Tercyanidum, see Gold — a.
Teroxidum, see Gold — a. et Natri chloruretum,
see Gold.
Auricharcum, {aurum, and ^oXkos, 'copper,')
Brass.
Aur'icle, Auric'ula, (F.) Auricule, (dim. of
auris,) Oricule. The pavilion of the ear. See
Pavilion.
Aur'icles op the Heart, Auric'ulse, A'tria,
Canita'tes innomina'tse, (F.) Oreillettes, are two
cavities, one right the other left, each communi-
cating with the ventricle of its side. These two
cavities receive the blood from every part of the
body. Into the right auricle the two venae cavae
and coronary vein open ; into the left the four
pulmonary veins. Chaussier calls the former the
Si'nus of the Ve'nse Ca'vse, Si'nus dex'ter cor'dis ;
the latter the Si'nus of the Pul'monary Veins, Si'-
nus sinis'ter cor'dis. The foliated or dog's ear
portion of each auricle is called Appen'dix Au-
ric'ulse. See Sinus.
Auric'ula, Auricle — a. Jndae, Peziza auricula
— a. Muris, Hieracium pilosella — a. Muris major,
Ilieracium murorum.
A.uriculaire, Auricular, see Digitus — a. Pon-
terieur, Retrahens auris — a. Superieur, AttoUena
aurcm.
Auric'ular, Auricula' ris, Oric'ular, (F.) Auric-
nlaire. That which belongs to the ear, especially
to the external ear.
Auric'ular Ar'teries and Veins, Oricu-
laires (Ch.), are divided into anterior and pos-
terior. The anterior are of indeterminate number.
They arise from the temporal artery, and are dis-
I tributed to the meatus auditorius externus, and
104
AURICULAR
AUTOGENETIC
to the pavilion of the ear. The posterior auricu-
lar is given off by the external carotid, from
which it separates in the substance of the parotid
gland. When it reaches the inferior part of the
pavilion of the ear, it bifurcates; one of its
branches being distributed to the inner surface
of the pavilion, the other passing over the mas-
toid process, and being distributed to the tempo-
ral and posterior auris muscles, &c. Before its
bifurcation it gives off the Btylo-mastoid artery.
The Anterior and Posterior Auricular Veins open
into the temporal and external jugular.
AuRlc'uLAR Fin'ger, (F.) Doiijt auricnlaire, is
the little finger, so called because, owing to its
size, it can be more readily introduced into the
meatus auditorius.
Auric' ULAR Nerves are several. 1. The au-
ricular branch, Zi/y<>'»iato-nuric'ular, is one of the
ascending branches of the cervical plexus. It
ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces of the
pavilion. 2. The auricular or superjicial tempo-
ral, Temporal-cutatieous (Ch.), is given off from
the inferior maxillary. It ascends between the
condyle of the jaw and the meatus auditorius
externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus
and pavilion, and divides into two twigs, which
accompany the branches of the temporal artery,
and are distributed to the integuments of the
head. There is also a posterior auricular fur-
nished by the facial.
Aurioula'ria Sambu'ci, Peziza auricula.
Auricula'ris, Auricular.
AuRictJLA'Ris Ante'rior, Anterior auris — a.
Superior, Attollens aurem.
AurlctUe, Auricle. Pavilion of .the ear.
Auric'uloventrio'alar, Atrioventric'idar, Atrio-
ventricula'ris, Auric' at oventricnla'ris, (F.) Auric-
ulo-ventriculaire. That which belongs to the
auricles and ventricles of the heart. The com-
munications between the auricles and ventricles
are so called. The Tricunpid and Mitral Valves
are auriculo-ventricular valves.
Auri'ga. A species of bandage for the ribs,
described by Galen. See, also. Liver.
Aari'gO, gen. Aurig"inisi, (aurum, 'gold,' from
its color,) Icterus — a. Neophytorum, Icterus in-
fantum.
Au'rilave, (auris, * the ear,' and lavo, ■' I wash.')
An instrument devised for the purpose of cleans-
ing the external ear.
Aaripigmen'tum, (aumm, and pigvientum,
* paint,') Ointment — a. Eubrum, Realgar.
Aur'ia, Ear.
Anris carpiuin, {auris, and scalpere, *to
scrape,') Earpiok.
Au'riscope, Avrisf-op'ium, (auris, and OKorrew,
*1 view.') An instrument for exploring the ear.
Au'rist, Otia'ter, Otia'trus, Ear-doctor, Ear-
turgeou ; (from auris.) One who occupies him-
Mir chiefly with the diseases of the ear and their
treatment.
Aar'iam Flaotua'tio, Bombus — a. Marmo-
rata, Cc'rumen — a. Sibilua, Bombus — a. Sonitus,
BombuM — a. Sordes, Cerumen — a. Kusurrus,
Bombus.
Auron^f (corr. from Ahrotanum,) Artemisia
abrutunum — a. des Champs, Arteniisia campestris
— <i. dea Jardins, Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mdle,
Artemiiiia abrotanum.
Auru'go, gen. AMri«'<;iru'«, (from our«7n, 'gold,'
from iti« color,) IcteruH.
Aur'um, (avpov,) (Jold — a. Chloratum, Gold,
ffluriatu of — a. Chloratum natrouatuni, see Gold
— *. Follatum. (J<ild leaf -u. Leprosum, Antimo-
nium— a. in Libellin, Gold leaf— a. Limntum, see
Gold — a. Muriatiouin, see Gold — a. Muriaticum
oatronatum, funa Gold.
AiUi'ii¥ Mi/m'virM, Awniw Mosa'icum, Snlph'-
mr0t of Tin, Vfu'luMulph'uret or Per'sulphunt of
Tin, (F.) Or MuMsif. {Quicksilver, tin, sulphur.
sal ammoniac, aa, equal parts. The tin being
first melted, the quicksilver is poured into it,
and then the whole are ground together, and
sublimed in a bolthead. The aurum musivum
lies at the bottom.) It is used in some empirical
preparations.
Aur'um Oxyda'tum, see Gold — a. Oxydulatum
muriaticum, Gold, muriate of — a. Nitro-muriati-
cum, see Gold — a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of.
Aus'Clllt a te, {auscultare, auscultatum, *to
listen.') To practice auscultation, ^'ioauscidt'
is at times used with the same signification.
AuSCUlta'tion, Ausculta'tio, Echos'cope. Act
of listening. Buisson has used it synonymously
with list'ening. Laennec revived anncultation to
appreciate the different sounds which can be
heard in the chest, and in the diagnosis of dis-
eases of the heart, lungs, <tc. This may be done
by the aid of an instrument called a steihom-ope,
one extremity of which is applied to the ear, the
other to the chest of the patient. This mode of
examination is called Me'diate ausculta'tion, (F.)
Auscultation mediate — the application of the ear
to the chest being Imme'diate Ausculta'tion.
The act of exploring the chest physically is
called Stethoscop'ia and Thoracoscop'ia, and, in
popular parlance. Sounding the chest ; of the ab-
domen, Abdom}nosco2j' ia.
AuSCUl'tatory, Auscultato'rius, Aus'cidtory,
Auscul'iic, (with some.) Belonging or having
relation to auscultation.
Auscul'tatory Percus'siox, see Acouophonia.
Austere', Auste'rus. Substances which pro-
duce a high degree of acerb impression on the
organs of taste.
JLtistrucJie, (from Astruthium,) Imperatoria.
Autal'gia Doloro'sa, {auto, and aAyoj, 'pain,')
Neuralgia, facial, Pleurodynia — a. Pruriginosa,
Itching — a. Vertigo, Vertigo.
Autarci'a, (avrapKEia, from auto, and apKtta, ' I
am satisfied.') Moral tranquillity.
Autemes'ia, {auto, and tfimq, 'vomiting.')
Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting.
Autempres'mus, {onto, and timpriafioi, 'the art
of burning,') Combustion, human.
Authe'meron, {av^rmtpov, from auto, and hi^cpa,
'day.') A medicine which cures on the day of
its exhibition.
Autbygian'sis, {auto, and hytat^o, 'I heal or
cure,') Vis medicatrix natursB.
Aut'o, (from auros, 'self,') as a prefix, self. .
Autochir, gen. Antocheir'is, {avTOj(^eip, from
auto, and xeip, 'hand,') Autochi'rus, Suici'da.
One who has committed suicide. A self-murderer
or suicide.
Autochi'ria, (nvTo^ctpia,) Snicide.
Autoch'tbonous, {auto and ;^^wv, land,) Indi-
genous. See Thrombosis.
AuTOCHTno'Nous Clot, Thrombosis.
Autocine'sis, Mo'tus volunta'rius, {avroKivriaif,
from auto, and Kwtjais, 'motion.') Voluntary mo-
tion.
AutOC'rasy, Autocrati'a, Autocrato'ria, {auto,
and /icpaTof, ' strength.') Independent force. Ac-
tion of tlie vital principle, or of the instinctive
powers, towards the preservation of the individ-
ual. See Vis medicatrix natura). Also, the vital
principle.
Autocrati'a, Autocrasy, Vis medicatrix na-
turic.
Autoorato'ria, {avroKparopia,) Autocrasy — a.
Physiatricc, Vis medicatrix natura>.
Autocton'ia, {auto, and ktovos, 'murder,') Sui-
cide.
Autogen'esis, {auto, and yevevn, 'generation.,)
Literally, self-production — spontaneous genera-
tion — but applied also to self-reparation, as after
division of a nerve.
Autogenet'io. F dating to autogenesis or
spontaneous general iv/U.
AUTOGENIA
AVENA
105
Autogen'ia, {auto, and ytwam, ' I engender/)
Generation, spontaneous.
Autog"eiious, (same etymon.) Belating or
appertaining to spontaneous generation. Ap-
plied by Mr. Owen to parts or elements that are
usually developed from distinct and independent
centres ; as in the case of the different parts or
elements that form a vertebra.
Autolaryn'gOSCOpy, Autolaryngoacop'ia, {auto,
and laryngo8copij.) Self inspection of the larynx,
by the aid of the laryngoscope.
Autolithot'omus, {atito, Xt&oi, 'a stone/ and
ToiiT}, ' incision.') One who operates upon him-
self for the stone.
J Atltomat'ic, Automat' icus, Autom'atm, (F.)
Automatique, (from avToiiarcs, 'spontaneous.')
That which acts of itself. Those movements are
ealled automatic which are executed without vo-
lition : involuntary motions, mo'tua automat'ici
seu autom'ati seu involuuta'rii,
A-utomnal, Autumnal.
Autouom'ia, {avrovotua, from auto, and voyiOi,
*law,') Via medica'trix natu'ras. The word Auto-
nomia is occasionally employed by the French
and Germans for the peculiar mechanism of an
organized body. Thus, although individuals of
the same species may differ in outward conforma-
tion, their mechanism or instinctive laws {Auto-
nomia) may be the same.
Autonyotoba'tia, {auto, w^, gen. wkto^, * night,'
and ^aivuv, * to go,') Somnambulism.
Autopep'sia, {auto, and TT£TTT(a, '1 concoct,')
(F.) Aniopepsie. Self-digestion, as of the stomach
after death.
Autoph.'ag'isin, Autophagiam'ua, {auto, and
(payu), ' I eat.') The feeding on one's self. Ap-
plied to the condition of the organism when de-
prived of the due amount of food.
Autophla, Autopsia.
Autopho'nia, Autophony ; also, Suicide, {auto,
and (povog, ' murder.')
Autophon'ici (Morbi), Suicidal lesions.
AutophonoHia'nia, {autophonia, and mania,)
Suicidal insanity.
Autoph'ony, Autopho'nia, (F.) Autophonie,
ReteiUiasement autophoyiique, {auto, and <P(t>vT},
' voice.') An auscultatory sign, which consists in
noting the character of the observer's own voice,
while he speaks with his head placed close to the
patient's chest. The voice, it is alleged, will be
modified by the condition of the subjacent organs.
The resonance, thus heard, is termed retentiaae-
vient aufophonique. This diagnostic method Dr.
R. G. Latham proposes to term heautophon'ica.
Autophos'pliorus, Phosphorus.
Autophthal'moscope, see Ophthalmoscope.
Autoplas'tio, Autoplaa' ticua, {auto, and wAoct-
riKOi, 'formative.') Relating to autoplasty or
plastic surgery.
Autoplas'tice, Morioplastice.
Autoplas'ty, Morioplastice.
Autop'sia, Au'topay, {avToipia, from auto, and
arpig, ' vision,') Autoph'ia, Autoacop'ia. Inspec-
tion ; examination by one's self; self-inspection.
Often improperly used for the following :
Autop'sia Cadaver'ica, (F.) Autopaie ou On-
verture cadavirique. Attentive examination after
death, — Examina'tion post mor'tem, Sec'tio Ga-
d'lv'eria, Diaaec'tion, Nec'roacopy, Nec'ropay, Ne-
croacop'ia, Necrop'aia, Nficrop'aia, — practised for
the purpose of investigating the causes and seat
of an affection of which a person may have
died, Ac.
Autop'sia Cadaver'ica Lrga'lis, Sec'tio seu
Abduc'tio lega'lia, is the examination after death
for medico-legal purposes.
Autop'sy, Autopsia — a. Wounds, see Dissect-
ing wound.
Autop'yros, {avrmvpoi;, from atito, and Trupoj,
'wheat,') Syncomistos.
AutOSCOp'ia, {atito, and aKmeut, ' I view,') Au-
topsia.
Au'tOSite, {auto, and anog, ' nourishment.') A
single monster, capable of deriving nourishment
from its own proper organs, in contradistinction
to Omph'aloaite.
Autospec'ulum, {auto, and apecidxm.) A form
of uterine speculum, which the patient may her-
self introduce into the vagina.
Autotherapi'a, {auto, and ^epantvw, ' I cure,')
Vis medieatrix naturae.
Au'tumn, Autum'nua, Auctum'nus, (from au-
gere, auctum, 'to increase' [?]), {Opo'ra, early
part of autumn, Pthinopo'ra, end of autumn.)
(F.) Automne. One of the seasons of the year,
between the 23d of September and the 21st of
December. In all climates the Autumn or Fall
is liable to disease: a combination of local and
atmospheric causes being then present favorable
to its production.
Autum'nal, Aufumna'lis, (F.) Automnnl. Re-
lating to Autumn; as Autumnal Fruita, Atitumnal
Fevers, &c.
Autum'nal Fe'ver generally assumes a bilious
aspect. Those of the intermittent kind are much
more obstinate than when they appear in the
spring.
Auxe'sis, {av^v<^ig,) Augmentation, Increase.
Auxil'iary, Auxilia'ria, (from auxilium, ' aid,')
j (F.) Auxiliuire. That which assists, or from
which assistance is obtained.
Auxil'iary Med'icine is one which assists the
principal medicine or basis. It is synonymous
with Adjuvant.
Auxil'iary Mus'cles are those which concur
in the same movement. Some anatomists have
applied the term to several ligaments, as well as
to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the sacro-
8pinali» muscle.
Auxirium, ('aid,') Juvans, Medicament.
Aux'is, (aw('s,) Augmentation, Increase.
A'va, Ar'va, Ka'va. An intoxicating narcotic
drink, made by chewing the Pi'jjer methya'ticum.
It is much used by the Polynesians.
Availles, Min'eral Wa'ters of. A small vil-
lage in France, 13 leagues S.S.E. of Poitiers, at
which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It con-
tains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sulphate
and subcarbonate of soda, iron, &g.
Avant (F.), in composition. Ante.
Avant-Bmiche (F.), ('fore-mouth/) Oa anti'-
cwn. This name has been applied, by some, to
the mouth, properly so called — in contradistinc-
tion to the Arrih-e bouche or Pharynx. With
others, it means the part of the mouth between
the lips and teeth.
Avant-Bras, Fore-arm.
Avant-Cceur, ('fore-heart/) Scrobiculus cor-
dis.
Avant-Gout (F.), Prseguata'tio. A foretaste;
pra!gustation.
Avant-Main (F.), ('fore-hand,') Adver'aa ma-
ims. The inside of the hand, when extended.
JLvant-Pied (F.), ('fore-foot.') The most ad-
vanced part of the foot.
Avant-Poignet (F.), ('fore-wrist.') The an-
terior part of the wrist.
Aveline, Corylus avellana, (nut.)
Avella'na, Corylus avellana — a. Cathartica,
Jatropha curcas.
Ave'na, Bro'moa, Oats, (Prov., North of Eng-
land) Ha'ver, Aita. The seeds of Ave'na aati'va.
Ord. Gramineae. Sex. Syat. Triandria Digynia.
(F.) Avoine. Oats are used as food for man in
some parts, particularly in the North of England
and Scotland. When deprived of the husks, they
form Groata. Reduced to meal — Ave'nse Fari'na,
Oat'meal, (Ph. U. S.) — they are applied as cata,
plasms to promote suppuration. The dry meal
is sprinkled over erysipelatoas parts.
106
AVENA
AXOIDO
Ont'meal yrn'el, Wa'ter gni'el, is prepared as
follows: — Take of oatmeal "^'ly, soft water, Oiss.
Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon,
in a moderate quantity of the water, pouring
oflF the fluid after the grosser particles have sub-
sided, but while the luiikiness continues; and re-
peat the operation until no more milkiness is com-
municated to the water. Put the washings in a
pan, after having stirred them well, in order to
suspend any fecula which may have subsided;
and boil until a soft, thick mucilage is formed.
See Grit gruel.
It is a good demulcent, and is used also as a
vehicle for clysters.
A thick oatmeal gruel, or hulled oats boiled —
a dish made at sea — is called Burgoo', Burgout,
Bargou, and Loblol'ly.
Avk'na Excortica'ta, Groats.
Ave'nsB Fari'na, see Avena.
Avenheim, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Avenheim
ia three leagues from Strasburg; near it is an
aperient mineral water.
Avennes or Avene, Min'eral Wa'ters of.
Avennes is a village in the department of H6-
rault, in France ; near it is a saline spring,
the temperature of which rises to 84° Fahren-
heit.
A'vens, Com'mon, Geum urbanum — a. Pur-
ple, Geum rivale — a. Water, Geum rivals — a.
White, Geum Virginianum — a. Yellow, Geum
urbanum.
Averich, Sulphur.
Averrho'a Bilim'bi, (sifter Averrhoea,) Bilim'hi,
Biliin'bing te'res. Ord. Oxalideae. An Indian
tree, which has a fruit that is too acid to be eaten
alone. It is used as a condiment, and in the
form of syrup as a refrigerant.
Averrho'a Caram'bola, Ma'lum Coen'se, Pru'-
nuin stelln'tuin, Tam'ara, Cou'ga, Caram'hnlo. An
Indian tree, whose fruits are agreeably acid. The
bark, bruised, is employed as a cataplasm, and
its fruit is used as a refrigerant in bilious fever
and dysentery.
Aver'sion, Aver'aio, Apot'rope, (avertere, aver-
Bum, — «, and fer/ere, — 'to turn from.') Extreme
repugnance for anything whatever.
Aversion (F.) also means, in therapeutics, the
action of medicines which turn the afflux of fluids
from one organ, and direct them to others ; being
synonymous with counterirritation, or, rather,
with revulsion or derivation.
Avertln, (F.) (same etymon, or from vertigo,
'giddiness.') A disease of the mind, which, ac-
3ordinj5 to Lavoisien, renders the patient obsti-
nate and furious.
Aveiiifle, {lib, and ocnlus,) CsDCus.
AvetiifletnetU, Ciecitas — a. de Jour, Nyctalo-
pia — 'I. de Nuit, Ileineralopia.
Ayicen'nia Tomento'sa, (after Avicenna,) A.
A/ric'i'na seu retini/'era seu nit'ida, Bon'tia ger'-
minant. Ord. Verbenaccio. The plant which
affords the Malac'ca Bean or Anaenr'dium Orien-
ta'li of the Pharmacopoeias, Semecnr'pua A)incnr'-
(lium. The oil drawn from the bark of the fruit is
corrosive and an active vesicatory, but it is not
used.
Avio'ula Cyp'rla, Pastil— a. Margaritifera, see
Awtlnp A vena.
Avon* Min'eral Wa'ters of. Avon Springs
are in the State of N.-w V.,rk, on the eastern
branch of the Ueneuee River, 18 miles from Ro-
chester. There are three sulphureo-«aline and
one lodme si.ring. They are applicable to the
came set of oas<*M as the Sharon Kj. rings.
AvarUmtimt, Abortion— «. Pruvoaui, see Par-
iaritioD.
Avortm'f to Abort
At/wrHnf Abortion.
; Abortion.
Avulsio, (a, and vellere, vidsuni. 'to pluck.')
Arrachement.
Avul'sion, Evulsion.
Awakener, see Baunscheidtismus.
Ax, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Ax is a small town
in the department of ArriSge, France, where
there are several sulphureous springs, the tem-
perature of which varies from 77° to 162° of
Fahrenheit. The season is from the first of May
to October.
Axe, Axis — a. de VCEil, Axis of the eye.
Az'ea Commissu'ra, Trochdi'dea. A pivot-
joint. See Trochoid.
Ax'es, Intermittent, Paroxysm.
Az'ile Bodies, Corpuscula tactfis.
Axil'la, (dim. of ala,) A' la, Aacel'la, AaaeVla,
Aacil'la, Acel'la, Cor'dia emuncto'rhnn, Ma'le, Hy-
po'mia, Fo'vea axilla'ria, Maa'chale, Maa' chalia,
(Sc. and Prov.) Oxtar, Oxter, (F.) Aiaaelle. The
cavity beneath the junction of the arm with the
shoulder; the armpit, Vallia axilla' rum ; (F.)
Creiix de I'Aiaaelle. It is bounded, anteriorly, by
a portion of the pectoralis major; posteriorly, by
the latissimus dorsi. It is covered with hair,
pili anbaxilla'rea, contains much areolar mem-
brane, lymphatic ganglions, important vessels
and nerves, and numerous sebaceous follicles,
furnishing an odorous secretion. In consequence
of such secretion, the ancients called it eimmcto'-
rium cor'dia.
Ax'illary, Axilla'ria, Subala'ria, Maachalise'ua,
(F.) Axillaire. Belonging to the armpit.
Ax'illary Ab'tery, Arte'ria axilla'ria. A con-
tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the
passage of the latter between the scaleni mus-
cles as far as the insertion of the pectoralis major,
when it takes the name of Bra'chial.
Ax'illary Glands are lymphatic glands seated
in the armpit; into which the lymphatic glands
of the upper extremity open.
Ax'illary Nerve, Oir'cvmjiex A^., Artic'nlar
nerve, (F.) Scap' ulo-hu' nieral (Ch.), Nerf Circon-
Jlexe; arises from the posterior part of the brachial
plexus, particularly from the last two cervical
pairs and the first dorsal. It is chiefly distrib-
uted to the posterior margin of the deltoid.
Ax'illary Vein, Ve'na Axilla'ris, Ve.'na Suba-
la'ria. This vein corresponds with the artery ;
anterior to which it is situate. It is a continual
tion of the brachial veiua ; and, at its termina-
tion, assumes the name Subcla'vian.
Axi'ng, (a^ivrj,) Ascia.
Axirnach. An Arabic word, used by Albuca-
sis to designate a fatty tumor of the upper eye-
lid observed particularly in children.
Ax'is, Ax'ou, ('an axle,') (F.) Axe. A right
line which passes through the centre of a body.
Ax'is is also the second vertebra of the neck,
Ax'on, Epiatroph' ena, Epis'trophua, Maachalia'ter ;
Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.) Essieu. So called, be-
cause it forms a kind of axis on which the head
moves. Chaussier calls it Axv'idc, (from «(u»>',
' axis,' and t<<5of, ' shape.') It is distinguished by
its Odon'toid procean, Procea'aua odohto'i'des seu
deuta'ina, Deufi, JJom Epiatroph' ti, which projects
from the anterior and superior part of the body.
Ax'is, Ckrebho-Spinal, see Encephalon — a.
of the Cochlea, Modiolus — a. Coeliac, Coeliac ar-
tery — a. Cranio-spinal, see Encephalon — a. Cyl-
inder of Nerve, see Nerve fibre.
Ax'is op thr Eye, (F.) Axe de I'oeil, called,
also, Via'iail Axia and Op'tic Axia, is a right
line, which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and
passes through the centre of the pupil.
Ax'is, Ha-;'mal, Aorta — a. Neural, see Enceph-
alon — a. of Pelvis, see Pelvis — a. Thyroid, Thy-
roid axis.
Axlctceth, Molar teeth.
Ar»Hde, Axis.
Axoldo, in composition, Axia, (vertebra.)
AXOIDOATLOIDEUS
AZZLE TEETH
107
Azoidoatloide'us. What refers to both the
ftxis and atlas, as Axo'ido-atloidean articulation.
The lesions of this articulation are, 1. Fracture
of the processus dentatus. 2. llupture of the
odontoid ligament, and consequently passage
and pressure of the process behind the trans-
verse ligament; and 3. The simultaneous rupture
of the odontoid and transverse ligaments. These
different accidents are fatal.
AKoido-atloidien, Obliquus inferior capitis —
«. Occipitale, Rectus capitis posticus major.
Ax'ott, («^(DV,) Axis.
Axoiige, {axis, 'axle/ and ungere, * to grease/)
Adcps pneparatus.
Ax'unge, Adeps praeparatus.
Axun'gia, {axis, ' axle/ and ungere, *to grease.')
Adeps praeparatus, Pinguedo — a. Articularis,
Synovia — a. Gadi, Oleum jecoris aselli — a. de
Mumi^, Marrow — a. Piscina Marina, Oleum
jecoris aselli — a. Porcina, Adeps praeparatus.
Ayp'nia, (a, and Woj, * sleep.') Insomnia.
Azadirach'ta In'dica, see Melia Azedarach.
Azalea Procum'bens, (from a^aXeoi, ' arid/
from the soil it prefers.) Loiseleuria procum-
bens.
Azarnet, Orpiment.
Az'arum, Asarum — a. Cabaret, Asarum.
Azed'arach, Melia azedarach.
Azedarach'a AmoB'ua, Melia azedarach.
Azo'ic, Azo'icus, (same etymon as Azote.) De-
void of life. The " Azoic period " of the geologist
is that before any living being appeared.
Azoodyna'mia, {a, C^uni, ' life,' and Swaftii,
* strength.') Privation or diminution of the vital
powers.
Azoosper'mia, (a, ^(ari, ' life,' and aperma.) Pri-
vation or diminution of vitality in the sperma-
tozoa.
Azo'res, Cli'mate of. The Azores or Western
Islands are said to afford one of the best exam-
ples of a mild, humid, equable climate to be met
with in the northern hemisphere. It is slightly
colder and moister than that of Madeira, but even
more equable. Sir James Clark thinks that a
change from the Azores to Madeira, and thence to
Teneriffe — one of the Canaries — would prove
more beneficial to the phthisical valetudinarian
than a residence during the whole winter in any
one of those islands.
Azo'tas, Nitrate — a. Hydrargyricus liquidus,
see Hydrargyri nitras — a. Hydrargyroso-am-
monicus, see Hydrargyri oxidum cinereum — a.
Hydrargyrosus, Hydrargyri nitras — a. Potassi-
cus, Potassae nitras.
Azotate, Nitrate — a. d' Argent, Argenti nitras
— a. de Mercure, Hydrargyri nitras — a. de Mer-
eure et d' ammoniaque, see Hydrargyri oxidum
cinereum — a. de Plomb, Plumbi nitras — a. de
Potasse, Potassae nitras.
A'ZOte, Azo'tum, {a, and fwr;, 'life,') Ni'tro-
gen, Al'kaligene, Al' caligene, Gaa azo'tieum, Ni-
trogen'ium, Sep'ton, (F.) Azote, Nitroghie, Mofette,
Air gats, Air vicie, is a gas which is unfit for
respiration. It is not positively deleterious, but
proves fatal owing to the want of oxygen. It is
one of the constituents of atmospheric air, and a
diaiinguishing principle of animals. Vegetables
have it, but not generally diffused, while it is met
with in most animal substances. It has been vari-
ously called phlogistic air, vitiated air, «fcc. ; and
has been looked upon as sedative, and recom-
mended to be respired, when properly diluted, in
diseases of the chest.
A'zoTE, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide
of.
Azot^, Nitrogenized.
Az'oted, Nitrogenized.
Azoteneses, {azote, and voffog, [?] 'disease.')
Diseases fancied by Baumes to be occasioned by
the predominance of azote in the body.
Azot'ic Ac"id, Nitric acid.
Az'otized, Nitrogenized.
Azo'tum, Azote.
Azotu'ria, {azote, and ovpov, 'urine.') Se«
Urine.
Az'tec Child'ren, see Nanus.
A'zur, Coral, Smalt.
Azu'rium. A compound of two parts of mer-
cury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of sal
ammoniac. — Albertus Magnus.
Az'yges, {a^vyrn, from a, and ^vyoi, ' a yoke,*)
Az'ygos, Az'ygouSy Si'ne pa'ri, * not paired.' The
sphenoid hone, because it has no fellow. Also, a
process, Proces'sus Az'yges, Rostrum spheno'ida'le,
projecting from under the middle and fore part of
that bone.
Az'ygos GlandulsB Thyreoideae, Levator glan-
dulae thyreoidege — a. Uvula), Azygous muscle.
Az'ygous, see Azyges — a. Articular artery,
see Articular arteries of the knee — a. Ganglion,
see Trisplanchnic nerve — a. Muscle of the thy-
roid gland, Levator glandulae thyreoideae.
Az'ygous Mus'cle of the V'vvla, Az'ygusseu
Mns' cuius seuZeva'tor U'vulse, is ihc small muscle
which occupies the substance of the uvula. — Mor-
gagni. The name is, however, inappropriate, as
there are two distinct fasciculi, placed alongside
each other, forming the Pal' ato-staphyli' ni, Sta-
phyli'ni or Epistaphyli'ni muscles, Staphyli'ni
me'dii of Winslow.
Az'ygous Proc"ess op the Sphe'noid, see
Azyges.
Az'ygous Vein, Ve'na Az'ygos, Veine, Ye'na
si'ne pa'ri, Ve'na pa'ri ca'rens, (F.) Veine sana
Paire, Prelomhothoracique, (Ch.) This vein
was so called by Galen. It forms a communica-
tion between the V. cava inferior and V. cava su-
perior, permitting the blood to pass freely between
the two. It rises from the vena cava inferior, or
from one of the lumbar or renal veins, passes
through the diaphragm, ascends along the spine
to the right of the aorta and thoracic duct, and
opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene-
trates the pericardium. On the left side, the
SEMIAz'ygos, Left hron'chial or left superior iuter-
cos'tal vein, Vena demi-azygos, V. hemi-azyga,
Veine petite prelombo-thoracique (Ch.), pre-
sents, in miniature, nearly the same arrange-
ment.
Azym'ia Humo'rum, (a, and ^v/jtri, 'leaven.')
Crudity of the humors.
Az'ymus, (a^u/zoy,) Azymous bread is unfer-
mented, unleavened bread.
Az'zle Teeth, Molar teeth.
B.
Babeiirre, (hnttre, *to beat,' and beurre, 'but-
ler,') Buttermilk.
BahilUinent, (from ha, ha, tho earliest infan-
lile attempts at talking, — babbling,) Loquacity.
Babuaioa'rius, Incubus.
Ba'by, (from ^a{iu^civ, * to speak inarticulately,')
In funs.
Ba'by Farm. A name given, in England, to
98tablishments into which pauper children are
received and cared for.
Bac'cflB (pi. of bacca, * a berry ') Bermuden'-
Ses, Sapindus saponaria — b, seu Grana actes,
Boe Sambucus ebulus — b. Jujuba), Jujube — b.
Myrtillorum, see Vaccinium myrtillus — b. Nor-
landicai, Rubus arcticus — b. Piperis glabri, see
Piper cubeba — b. Piscatoriae, see Menispermum
oocculus — b. Zizyphi, see Jujube.
Bao'oar, Bnc'cari^, Bnc'chariti, (ffaKKap, ^aKKapts,
^aKXapig.) An herb used by the aucients in their
garlands, to destroy enchantment. By some con-
sidered to be Nardum ruaticnm ; by others, Vale-
riana Celtica ; by others, DiyitaUa purpurea ; by
Others, Aaarum ; by others, a species of Conyza ;
by others, Inula dysenterica; and, by others again,
Qnaphalinm aanguineum. An oil was expressed
from the root {^uKKapnw (tvpov). Baccharis is the
name given by Galen not only to the root, but to
A Lydian ointment, which was sometimes employed
in diseases of the womb.
Bac'oharis, (^aKxapn,) Baccar.
Bac'charis Halimipo'i.ia, G round' ael tree ; Or-
der, Compoaitae ; indigenous ; is used as a demul-
cent to allay cough, in the form of decoction.
Bacolli'a, (from Bacchus, ' the god of wine.')
A name applied to the red or pimpled face of the
drunkard. See Gutta rosea.
Bao'chica, (sacred to Bukxos, 'Bacchus,') He-
dera helix.
Bacciv'orous, Bacciv'oma, (F.) Baccivore, (bac-
ca, * a berry,' and voro, ' I devour.') Living on
berries.
Bach'elor's But'tons, see Strychnos nux vom-
ica.
Ba'cher's Ton'io Pills, Pilula) ex helleboro et
myrriia.
Baclle, (Bacillum.) Crithmum maritimum.
Bac"illar Lay'er of the Retina, Tunica Ja-
cob i.
Baoil'lam, BacU'lua, Bac'ulna, Bac'cubia: *a
etick or staff.' This name has been applied to a
kind of troch, composed of expectorants, and
having the shape of a stick. Also, a suppository.
Bacillum was used by the ancient chemists for
several instruments of iron. Bacilli are also
•taff-shaped bodies in the internal eye and ear.
See Tunica Jacobi.
Back, (Sax. bac,) Dorsum.
Backache Boot, Liatris.
Backbone, Vertebral column.
Backfriend, liangnail.
Back'iide, Nates.
Back'sprent, Vertebral column.
Backstroke of the Heart, Impulse, diastolic.
Ba'cony Disease, f^ec Lardaceous.
Bacoye, Musa papientum.
Baote'ria, Micrococci, Vibrio.
Baotyrilo'biam, (dim. of Pwrpov, 'a cane,* and
Xo/Jiof. ' II pod.') Cassia fistula.
Bac'ulas, Bacillum.
Bad, Sick — b. DiscaHe, Syphilis.
Bad Sickness of Ceylon, Beriberi.
Baden, Mineral Waters of. Baden is a
U»wn Kix mili'H from Vienna. Hero are 12 springs,
containing c«rbonate« oflimoand mngnosia; sul-
phatt.« of limo, and mngnosia, and soda;' and
fbloridos of sodium and aluminiuin. The water
is used in diseases of the skin, rheumatism, Ac.
The season is from the 1st of July to September.
There are two other towns of the same name;
one in Suabia, and the other in Switzerland, about
12 miles from Ziirich, where are mineral springs.
The latter are thermal gaseous sulphurous .springs,
temperature 117° to 122° Fahr., and their action
is chiefly diuretic and constipating. They are
used also externally.
Ba'den-Ba'den, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Cele-
brated thermal springs, situate about a Icagua
from the high road to Basle and Frankfort.
Their temperature varies from 130° to 154° Fah-
renheit. Their situation is beautiful, and they
are much frequented. They contain chloride of
sodium, with sulphate of lime, carbonate of iron,
and carbonic acid, and a small quantity of lithia,
and are used chiefly as hot baths, while the suf-
ferer from chronic gout or rheumatism, dyspepsia
from overwork, nervous afi"ections, <fec., is enjoy-
ing change of scene and a mild, pure atmosphere.
Season from May to September.
Badenweiler, Min'eral Wa'ters of. B. is in
Baden, about a league to the westward of Miill-
heim. The waters are thermal (87° of Fahr.),
and contain carbonate of lime, sulphuret and
chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium.
Ba'der, Bather.
Badia'ga. A kind of sponge, sold in Russia,
the powder of which is said to take away the
livid marks from blows and bruises in a few
hours. Its nature is not understood.
Badiane, Illicium anisatum.
Badigeonner, (from badiyeon, *a colored coat-
ing for walls,') see Paint.
Bad'isis, {0a6iais,) Walking.
Bad'ly, Sick.
Baduk'ka, Capparis badukka.
Badulam. The Ardi'aia hu'uiilia of Ceylon:
a small tree whose fruit, made into syrup, is used
as a cooling drink.
Bael, Covolam.
Beeob'otrys Picta, (jSatos, 'small,' and Porpvgf
* a grape,') Saoria.
Bag, see Mamma — b. Dusting, see Dusting-
bag — b. of Waters, see Liquor Amnii.
Bage'dia, Pound.
Bag'gie, Abdomen.
Bagneres - adour, or Bagn^res de Bigorre,
Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bagneres de Bigorre is a
small town in the department of Hautea I'yrSneca,
having a great number of mineral springs ; some,
cold chalybeates ; others, thermal salines ; but
the greatest part sulphureous and warm. The
general effect of these waters is that of a stimu-
lant to the mucous membranes, kidneys, lymphatic
system, and skin. They are especially recom-
mended by Trousseau in inveterate dyspepsia.
Bagneres de Inchon, or Luchon, is a small
town in tho department of Haute Garonne, on thei
frontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time •
famous for its numerous sulphureous springs, thoi
temperature of which is from 69° to 148° of Fah-
renheit. They are visited from May to October.
They are said to bo eflicacious in chronic skin
diseases, old ulcers, chronic bronchitis, «to.
Bag'nigge (pron. b»(f'nidg<) Wells. A salini
mineral spring of London, resembling tho Epsor
Bagn'io (pron. han'io), Baignoire.
Bagnoles, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bagnoles il
a village in tho department of Orne. The wate^
resembles that of Bnyuh-ea de Luchon. Seasonj|
from the 1st of August to the 1st of September.
Bagnols, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bagnols is al
village, two leagues from Mende, in the depart-f
ment of Lozdre. The waters are hydrosniphur-j
108
BAGUENAUDIER
BALLOTTEMENT
109
•ua and thermal: 109° Fahrenheit. The season
ia from the 1st of July to September.
Bar/uenaudier, Colutea arborescens.
Baha'ma Islands, Cli'mate of. The climate
•f the Bahamas is not considered to be well
adapted for consumptive patients, on account of
the rapid alternations of temperature, and the
prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold charac-
ter. Still, the phthisical valetudinarian from
most portions of the United States might derive
advantage from a residence there during the win-
ter mouths. The accommodations are not, how-
ever, good or numerous.
Ba'h.el, Colnin'nea lovgifo'lia. A labiated
plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap-
plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumors.
Ba'hel, Schulli, Genista spinosa Indica.
BaUfneur, (from hilueum,) Bather.
Baignoire (F.), Baptiate'ritna, a Bathing-tub,
Bagnio, So'lium, Pisci'na. The vessel or place
in which bathing is performed. Baignoire ocu-
laire, an eye-hath, — a small vessel for bathing the
eyes ; see Scaphlum oculare.
Bail'ey's Spring, see Alabama, Mineral Wa-
ters of.
Baillernent, Yawning.
BfiiUon, Speculum oris.
Bain, (from balneum,) Bath — b. Ghaxid, Bath,
hot — b. Electriqne, Bath, electric, see Electricity
. — b. Entier, Bath, general — b. de Fautenil, Bath,
hip — b. Frais, Bath, tepid — b. Froid, Bath, cold
— b. tr^8 Froid, Bath, cold — b. Uygifniqne, see
Bath — 6. Marie, Bath, water — b. Medicinal,
Bath, medicated — b. de Mer, Bath, sea — b. de
Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium — b. de Sable, Bath,
sand — b. de Siege, Bath, hip — b. Simple, see Bath
— b. Jewtpere, Bath, tepid, B. temperate — b. de
Tite, Bath, head — 6. Tiede, Bath, tepid — 6. de
Vapenr, Bath, vapor.
Baine, Bath.
Bains, Min'eral Wa'ters of. These are sit-
uated at Plombiercs, department of the Vosges.
They are said to be saline and thermal by some;
others deny them any medical properties. Season
from the 15th of June to the loth of September.
Bains prf^s Aries, see Aries.
Bairn, Infans.
Bairnworts, Bellis.
Baisser, (from baaium, *a kiss,') see Kiss.
Ba'ker's Itch, see Psoriasis.
Ba'kicr's Salt, Ammonias carbonas.
Balampul'li, Tamarindus.
Bal'ance, Aerostat'ic, Areometer.
Balancenteutf Compenaa'tion, ([F.] balance,
'a balance,' itself from bin, 'twice,' and lan^r, 'a
dish,') A law of teratogeny, as Uiaintained by
GeofiTroy St. Hilaire, by which exuberance of nu-
■ trition in one organ is supposed to involve, to a
greater or less extent, the total or partial atrophy
of some other, and conversely.
Balan'da, Fagus Sylvatica.
Balane'um, 0aXaveiov,) Bath.
Balanism'us, {(SaXavog, *a suppository.') The
ipplication of a suppository.
Balanite Contaffieuse, see Gonorrhoea.
Balani'tis, gen. Balani'tidia, {balano, and itia,)
Gonorrhcea spuria.
Bal'ano, in composition, Balanus.
BalanoblennorrhoB'a, {balano, and bhmnor-
rhfjea.) (ionorrhcjea spuria.
Balanocast'anum, {(iaXavos, ^an acorn,' and
Mffnivoi/, ' a chestnut,') Bunium bulbocastanum.
Balanoposthi'tis, gen. Balanopoathi'tid'x,
{balano, iroa^n, 'prepuce,' and itia,) Gonorrhoea
spuria.
Balanorrh,ag"ia, {balano, and pTjyvvyn, *to
burst forth,') see Gonorrhcea.
BalanorrhoB'a, {balano, and ^m, '1 flow,')
Gonorrh(jf>a spuria.
Bal'anos Phce'nicos, {fia\avoq 'pomm,) Date.
Balan'tion, {(JaXavnov.) The Scrotum.
Bal'anus, {(iaXai>os,) *glans,' 'an acorn.') The
glans penis. Hence, Balanoblennorrhoe' a , Blen-
norrhoea of the glans; and Bulnni'tia, Inflamma-
tion of the glans. Suppositories and pessaries
were called Bal'ani (ftoKavoi).
Bal'anus, Glans, Suj^pository — b. Myrepeica,
Guilandina moringa.
Balaruc', Min'eral Wa'ters of. Balaruc is
a town in the department of Ilerault, France.
The waters are saline and thermal. They con-
tain carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, carbonate
of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, calcium, and
magnesium, sulphate of lime, and a little iron.
They are considered tonic, and are largely used.
Their temperature is about 118° Fahrenheit.
Balaruc' Wa'tkk, Factit"ious, Aqna Belli-
luca'na, (F.) Ean de Balaritc, is made of simple
aciduloua water (containing twice its bulk of car-
bonic acid), f^xxss,, chloride of sodium, ^iss.,
chloride of calcium, gr. xviij., chloride of tnug-
neaium, gr. Ivi., carbonate of magnesia, gr. j.
Bala'tro, Bambalio.
Balaus'tine Flowers, see Punica granatum.
Bal'bis, {0aX(iii, *a foundation.') Any oblong
cavity. Hippocrates, in his treatise on the joints,
gives the name Bulbito'dea to the olecranon cavity
of the humerus.
Bal'bus, (F.) Bigue. One habitually aff'ected
with stammering. A stammerer.
Balhutienient, Balbuties.
Balbu'ties, Peellia'mua, Pael'lotea, BW aitna,
Barygloa'aia, Dyala'lia, MogilaHia, lachopho' nia,
Battaria'mna, Jiamba'lia, Hiraita'tio, Loque'la
blse'aa, Titnba'tio Lin'guse, (F.) Balbutiemcnt,
Begaiem,ent, Begayement. (Prov.) Tutt'ering, St.
Vi'tua'a Dance of the Voice, (Sc.) Hah'bering,
Hab'bling. Stuttering, Stammering, Hammering.
Also, vicious and incomplete pronunciation, iu
which almost all the consonants are replaced by
the letters B and L, Traulia' mua.
Bal'chus, Bdellium.
Bald, Athrix.
Baldmoney, ^thusa meum.
Bald'ness, Alopecia, Calvities — b. Limited,
Porrigo decalvans — b. Partial, Porrigo decal-
vans.
Bale'nas, {balsena, 'a whale,') Leviathan
penis.
Balimba'gO, gen. Balimbag"inia, Hibiscus
populeus.
Ball, ([F.] balle, Da. bol,) Pila— b. of the Eve,
Pupil.
Ball and Sockkt Joint, Enarthrosis.
Ballis'mns, {daXXiofioi,) Chorea.
Ballis'ta, Astragalus.
Bal'lock-Grass, Orchis mascula.
Bal'locks, Testes.
Ballon, (augmentative of (F.) balle, 'a ball,')
Receiver.
Ballonnement, Tympanites.
Ballo'ta Foe'tida, {^aXXiaTtj,) B. vnlga'ria sen
ni'gra, Marru'bium ni'grum. Black Hore'hound,
Stink' ing H., (F.) Marrube noir. Ord. Labiatae.
Sex. Syat. Didynamia Gymnospermia. This plant
is esteemed to be antispasmodic, resolvent, and
detersive. (?)
Ballo'ta Lama'ta, Leonn'r-ua lana'tna, (F.)
Ballote cotonnexiae. A plant which grows in Si-
beria. The whole plant, with the exception of
the roo+, has been recommended in dropsy, and
in "heumatism and gout, as a diuretic. It is
usually given in decoction (Jss. to ^j. to f^viij.
of water).
Ballote Cotonneuse, Ballota lanata.
Ballottemcnt (F.), Monvemcnt de Ballottement,
Agita'tion, Suceua'aion, Jiepercua'aion, is the mo-
tion impressed on the foetus in utero, by alter-
nately pressing the uterus by means of the index
finger of one hand introduced into the vagina.
110
BALLS
BALSAM
the otber hand being applied on the abdomen. It
i8 one of the least equivocal signs of pregnancy-
Balls, Deer, Elaphotnyces granulatus.
Balls'ton Spa. This village is situate in
Saratoga County, New York. The spring Sans
Souoi belongs to the class of acidulous chalyb-
eates. It contains iodide of sodium, chloride
of sodium, bicarbonates of soda and magnesia,
carbonates of lime and iron, and silica. There
is also a sulphur spring.
Balm, ([F.] bnume, contracted from balsam,)
Melissa — b. Apple, Momordica balsamina — b.
Bastard, Melitis melissophyllum — b. of Gilead,
Amyrisopobalsauium — b. of Gilead poplar, Pop-
ulus candicans — b. of Gilead, Solomon's, see
Tinctura cardamom! — b. of Gilead tree, Draco-
cephalum Canariense — b. Indian, Trillium lati-
folium — b. Mountain, Monarda coccinea — b. Red,
Monarda coccinea — b. Scarlet rose, Monarda coc-
eiiiea — b. Stinking, Hedeoma.
Balmony, Chelone glabra.
Bal'nea Coeno'sa, (from balneum,) see Boue des
eaux.
Balnea'riiim, (from balneum,) Hypocaustum.
Balnea'rius, Bather.
Balnea'tor, Bather.
Balneog'raphy, Balneograph'ia, (balneum, and
ypa/>i;, 'a description.') A description of baths.
Balneol'Og^, Balneolog"ia, [balneum, andAoyoj,
*a description.') A treatise on baths.
Balneotherapeut'ics, Balneotherapia.
Balueotherapi'a, Balneotherapeut'ics, (balne-
um, and depatteta, ' treatment.') Treatment of dis-
ease by baths.
Bal'neuni, Bath — b. Acidum, Bath, acid — b.
Alkaliuum, Bath, alkaline^ — b. Animale, Bath,
animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric — b.
Antisyphiliticum, Bath, antisyphilitic — b. Are-
nas, Bath, sand — b. Gelatinosum, Bath, gelatinous
— b. Mariae, Bath, water — b. Marinum, Bath,
sea — b. Maris, Bath, water — b. Medicatum,
Bath, medicated — b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur —
b. Tepidum, see Bath, hot — b. Vaporis, see Bath,
hot, and Vaporarium.
Bal'sam, (0aXaa/tov,) Bal'samum, Bal'samus,
Bol'eson, Bel'eson, (F.) Baume. This name is
given to natural vegetable substances, — concrete
or liquid, but very odorous, bitter, and piquant ;
composed of resin, benzoic acid, and sometimes
of an essential oil, — which allow benzoic acid to
be disengaged by the action of heat; readily dis-
solved in volatile oil, alcohol, and ether; and,
when treated with alkalies, afford a soluble ben-
aoate, and throw down resin. We know of five
balsams — those of Peru, and Tolu, Benzoin,
solid Styrax or Storax, and liquid Styrax. (See
those different words.) There are, however, many
pharmaoeutical preparations and resinous sub-
stances, possessed of a balsamic smell, to which
the name balsam has been given ; but they differ
essentially in composition and properties : hence
the distinction of balsams into natural and arti-
Jicial. The natural hdnama include the five be-
fore mentioned : the urtijkial the remainder.
Bai/sam, Acous'tic, Bal'samiim AcoHs'ticnm,
(F.) /tnuine ucunstiaiie. A mixture of fi.\ed and
essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of fetid
gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness, dropped
Into the ear. The aronstlc bafaam of Dr. Hugh
Smith is made by mixing three drachms of oxgall
vith one draobm of buUam of Peru.
Bal'ham, Amkh'ican, see Myroxylon Perui-
forum— b. Anodyne, Bates's, Linimeutum sapo-
Dia ot oj)il. ^
Bal'ham, a i-oi'Krc'tic, Ital'samum Apoplec'ti-
eum^ Bal'tamut Apoplec'ttcns, (F.) Baiime Apo-
pUctt(fU9. A medioirio composed of several bal-
tttnu, properly so called, rceins, and volatile oils.
It Is of a stiff CO nit iHtonce, is worn in ivory boxes
about the pcrson,aad issmollodatin headaohes,4o.
Bal'sam Ap'ple, Momordica balsami — b. of
Arcuius, Unguentum elemi compositum — b. Cal-
aba, see Fagara octandra — b. (Canada, see Pinus
balsamea — b. Canary, Dracocephalum Canari-
ense — b. Capivi, Copaiba.
Bal'sam of Carpa'thia, B. Carpa'thian, BaV-
snmum Carpath'icnm., (F.) Baume de Carpathie.
The resin of the Pinus Cembra, a tree which grows
in Switzerland, Libya, and the Krapac mountains
of Hungary.
Bal'sam, ChALYB'eate, Bal'snmum Chalybea'-
tum, (F.) Baume d'acier ou d'aignilles. A mix-
ture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, prepared
by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It was for-
merly employed in friction in pains of the joints.
Bal'sam, Command'er's, Tinctura benzoini
composita — b. of Condom, Balsam of Leictoure.
Bal'sam, Cor'dial, of Senner'tus, Bal'samum
Cordia'le Senner'ti, (F.) Baume cordiale de Sen-
nert. A stimulant medicine, composed of the
essential oils of citron, cloves, and cinnamon, of
musk, and ambergris. Dose, 6 to 15 drops.
Bal'sam for Cuts, Tinctura benzoini com-
posita.
Bal'sam of Fierabras. A celebrated Spanish
vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes; the
composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt, and
wine. (?)
Bal'sam of Fioraven'ti, Spir'ittjotjs, Bal'-
samum Fioraven'ti spirituo'sum, (F.) Baume de
Fiorauenti spiiitueux. Different products of the
distillation of resinous and balsamic articles, and
of a number of aromatic substances, previously
macerated in alcohol, have been thus called. The
Spirituous Balsam of Fioraventi, the only one now
used in friction, in chronic rheumatism, is the
first product of the distillation from a sand-bath.
It is entirely alcoholic. The Oily Balsam of
Fioraventi is obtained by removing the residue,
and distilling it in an iron vessel, at a white heat.
It has the appearance of a citrine-colored oil.
The Black Balsam of Fioraventi is the black oil,
obtained when the temperature is sufficient to
carbonize the substances in the cucurbit.
Bal'sam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea.
Bal'sam of Fourcroy or of Laborde, (F.)
Baume de Fourcroy ou de Laborde, A kind of
liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams,
resins, aloes, turpentine, thcriac, and olive oil.
Used in chaps of the skin and nipples.
Bal'sam, Fri'ar's, Tinctura benzoini com-
posita — b. of Gilead, Amyris opobalsamum. '
Bal'sam Gdrgi'na, see Dipterocarpus.
Bal'sam of Genevieve, (F.) Baume de Gene'
vi^ve. An ointment composed of wax, turpen-
tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in
contused wounds, gangrene, &c.
Bal'sam, Gur'jun, see Dipterocarpus.
Bal'sam of Hon'by (Hill's). A tincture made
of tolu and honey, aa Ibj., spirit, a gallon. A
pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of the
New York College of Pharmacy recommended the
following formula — Gum. Benzoin, ^v., Bals.
Tolut. ^j., Mellis gviij., Alcohol. Oiij.— Digest
for 10 days and filter. See Mel.
Bal'sam of Hork'hound (Ford's). A tincture
of horehound, liquoricc'-root, camphor, opium, bew
zoin, dried squills, oil of anifieed, and honey. It
has the same properties as the above. See Mar-
rubium.
Bal'sam, Hcnga'rian, see Pinus mughos.
Bal'sam, Hypnot'ic, Bal'samum Ih/pnot'icum,
(F.) Baume Hypnotique. A preparation of which
opium, hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other
sedative substances, form the basis. It is used"
externally in friction, to provoke sleep.
Bal'sam, Hysteu'ic, Bal'samum Hyster'icum,
(F.) Baume Hystfrique. A preparation made of
Qj)ium, aloes, asafootida, castor, distilled oils of
rue, amber, ^c. It is held to the nose, applied
BALSAM
BALSAMEL^ON
111
to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in
hysterical cases.
Bal'sam, In'dian, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
Bal'sam, Iod'urkttkd, Bal' samum iodure'tum,
(F.) Baume hydriodate, B. iodur6, B. de Lausanne,
Gelee contre le goitre. A balsam used in the way
of friction, in goitre, at Lausanne, in Switzerland.
It may be made as follows — animal soap, 60;
iodide of potaaaiuni, 42 : alcohol at 85°, 600 ; es-
sence of lemon, 4 parts. The iodide is dissolved
in the alcohol, which is added to the soap melted
in a water-bath. The whole is then filtered, and
out into bottles.
Bal'sam op Laborde', B. of Fourcroy.
Bal'sam op Leictouue, of Con'dom or Vince-
OUEBE, Bal'samum Lectoren'ae. A strongly stim-
ulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, saffron,
musk, and ambergris, dissolved in essential oils.
The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying
the air of a chamber, when infected with a dis-
agreeable odor.
Bal'sam op Life, Decoctum aloes compositum.
Bal'sam op Life, of Hopf'mann, B(tl'8ammn
Vi'tse Hoffman'ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d' Hoffmann.
A tincture, composed of essential oils and amber-
gris, employed internally and externally as a
stimulant. A mixture of essential oils without
alcohol constitutes the Sax' on Bal'sam, Bal'samum
apoplec' ticum, B. aromat'icitm, B. cephal'icnm, B.
Saxon'tcum, B. nervi'num, B. Scherze'ri, B. Sto-
mach'icum. Employed in friction as a stimulant.
Bal'sam op Life, Tur'lington's, see Tinctura
benzoini composita.
Bal'sam op Locatel'li or Lucatel'li, Bal'-
samum Lucatel'li, (F.) Baume de Lueatel. A sort
of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine,
sherry, and balsam of Peru, colored with red
Saunders. It was once administered in pulmo-
nary consumption.
Bal'sam op Mec'ca, see Amyris opobalsamum.
Bal'sam op Metz, Green, Bal'samnm Vir'ide
Meten'sium, B. Vir'ide, O'leum ox'idi cu'pri vir'-
ide, (F.) Baume vert de Metz, Baume de Feuillet,
Huile verte. This is composed of several fixed
oils, holding, in solution, subcarbonate of copper,
sulphate of zinc, turpentine, aloes, and the essen-
tial oils of cloves and juniper. It is green and
caustic, and is employed to hasten the cicatriza-
tion of atonic ulcers.
Bal'sam Mex'ican, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
— b. Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
Bal'sam, Nephrit'ic, op Ful'leu, Bal'samum
Nephrit'icum Fulleri. A liquid medicine com-
posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have
experienced an incipient state of carbonization
from concentrated sulphuric acid. It was given
in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affections
of the kidneys.
Bal'sam, Ner'vous, Bal'samum Nervi'num, (E.)
Baume ou Pommade Nervin ou Nerval. A kind of
ointment, composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils,
balsam of Peru, camphor, &c. It is employed in
friction in cases of sprains and rheumatic pains.
Bal'sam, Paralyt'ic, of Myn'sicht. A sort
of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils
of diflferent aromatic plants, oils of turpentine
and amber.
Bal'sam op Parei'ra bra'va, Bal'samum Pa-
rei'rse bra'vse. A soft mixture of balsam, resin,
muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of
Pareira brava. It is given internally to excite
the urinary secretion.
Bal'sam, Peru'vian, see Myroxylon Peruife-
rum — b. of Peru, red, see Toluifera balsamum —
b. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
Bal'sam OP Rackasi'ra or of Rakasi'ri. This
substance is of a yellowish-brown color; semi-
transparent ; fragile, when dry, but softening by
heat; adhering to the teeth, when chewed. It
has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu,
and is slightly bitter. It is brought from India,
in gourd shells, and has been employed in dis-
eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially
in gonorrhoea.
Bal'sam, Ri'ga. Prepared from the shoots of
the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. In-
ternally, stimulant and diuretic j externally, A
vulnerary. See Pinus Cembra.
Bal'sam op the Samar'jtan, (F.) Baume du Sa-
maritain, A sort of liniment, prepared by boil-
ing together, at a gentle heat, equal parts of wine
and oil. It is said to have been the ointment
used by the Samaritan of the Gospel to cure a
patient covered with ulcers.
Bal'sam of Sat'ijrx, Bal'samum Satur'ni. A
solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine,
concentrated by evaporation ; to which camphor
has been added. This balsam was applied to hasten
the cicatrization of wounds.
Bal'sam, Sax'on, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann.
Bal'sam op Sul'phur, Bal'samum Sul'jihuris,
(F.) Baume de Sou/re. A solution of sulphur in
oil. — B. sulph. anisa'tum, (F.) B. de Snufre anin^ j
a solution of sulphur in essential oil of aniseed j
given as a carminative. — B. snlph. succina'tum,
(F.) B. de Sou/re SHccine ; a solution of sulphur
in oil of amber. — B. Sulpth'uristerebinthinn'tum,
Common Butch Drops, (F.) B. de Soufre tirehin-
thinS; a solution of suli)hur in essential oil of
turpentine, administered as a diuretic. — The Bal-
sam of Sulphur of RuLAND is a "solution of sul-
phur in linseed oil or nut oil.
Bal'sam of Sym'pathy, Bal'sainum Sympath't-
cum, (F.) Baume de Sympfdhie. A balsam, used
in the days when sympathetic influence was
strongly believed in. It was composed of the
raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat,
and was applied to the instrument which had
inflicted the wound.
Bal'sam, Tiubaut's. A tincture of myrrh,
aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort,
and Chio turpentine. Internally, dmrGtio ; exter-
nally, vulnerary.
Bal'sam of Tolij', see Toluifera balsamum.
Bal'sam, Tran'quil, Bal'samum iranqtdl'lum
seu tranquil' lant, (F.) Baume trunquille. A liquid
medicine employed externally in the shape of
friction : it is prepared by macerating and boil-
ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous plants, —
belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus, &c., — and
afterwards infusing, in the filtered decoction, dif-
ferent aromatic plants. It was employed as an
anodyne.
Bal'sam, Tur'key. Dracocepbalum Canariense
— b. Turlington's, see Tinctui-a benzoini compo-
sita.
Bal'sam op TuR'pEifTiNE, Bal'samum Terehin'-
thinse. Butch Drops. Obtained by distilling oil
of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red bak
sam is left. It possesses the properties of the
turpentines.
Bal'sam, Veg"etable, op Godbold, see God-
bold.
Bal'sam, Ver'vain's, Tinctura benzoini com-
posita — b. of VinceguSre, Balsam of Leictoure.
Bal'sam, Vul'nerauy, of Mindere'rus, Bal'-
samum vulnera'rium Mindere'ri, (F.) Baume vulni-
rairede Minderer. A kind of liniment, composed
of turpentine, resin elemi, oil of St. John's wort,
and wax. Employed in friction, and as a dressing
to wounds.
Bal'sam Weed, Impatiens fulva — b. White of
Peru, Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. Wound, Tinc-
tura benzoini composita.
Bal'samaden'dron Gileaden'se, (ISa>cTafjiov,<hal-
sam,' and Sefcipov, 'tree,') Amyris Gileadensis —
b. Myrrha, see Myrrha.
Balsama'ria Inophyl'lum, see Fagara octan-
dra.
Balsamelse'on, {^aXaa^ov, ' balsam,' and iXaiott
112
BALSAMIC
'oil,') Myroxylon Peruiferum, Amyris opobal-
tamum.
Balsam'ic, Baham'icus, (F.) Bahamique, (from
Balsam.) Possessing tho qualities of balsams.
BnUam'ic o'dor: — a sweet, faint, and slightly
nauseous smell. Balsamic auhatance : — one re-
sembling the balsams in property.
Balsamier J^lemiftre, Amyris elemifera — b.
de la Mtcqne, Amyris opobalsamum.
Balsam'ina, Momordioa.
Balsainine, Momordica.
BfiUKimiqiif, Balsamic.
Balsami'ta Foemin'ea, Achillea ageratum — b.
Major, Tanacetum balsamita — b. Mas, Tanace-
lum balsamita.
Balsami'ta Suave'olens, B. odora'ta seu ma'-
rii, Men'tha Sararen'ica seu Rnma'na. Ord. Com-
positae. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia super-
flua. A plant, common in the south of France,
and cultivated in the gardens; where it bears the
names of Menthe coq ou lioinaine, Orand haume,
BiiHtne coq ou Contus dea Jardins, Its smell is
strong and aromatic, and taste hot. It is used
for the same purposes as tausey, i. e. as a stimu-
lant, vermifuge, &c.
Balsami'ta Suavb'olens, Tanacetum balsam-
ita — b. Vulgaris, Tanacetum balsamita.
Balsamosac'cliarum, Elasosaccbarum.
Bal'samum, Balsam, Amyris opobalsamum —
b. ^gypticum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b.
Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. Alpini,
Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Alpini, see Amy-
ris opobalsamum — b. Anodynum, Linimentum
saponis et opii — b. Apoplecticum, Balsam of life
of Hoffmann — b. Arcaei, Unguentum elemi com-
positum — b. Aromaticum, Balsam of life of Hoff-
mann — b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opobalsamum —
b. Braziliense, Copaiba— b. Calaba, see Fagara
octandra — b. Canadense, see Pinus balsamea —
b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzoini composita — b.
Cephalioum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b.
Commendatoris, Tinctura benzoini composita —
b. Copaibae, Copaiba — b. Genuinum antiquorum,
see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Hyperici simplex.
Bee Hypericum perforatum — b. Indicum, see My-
roxylon Peruiferum — b. loduretum. Balsam, iodu-
retted — b. Judaicum, see Amyris opobalsamum
— b. Libani, see Pinus cembra — b. Locatelli,
Balsam of Locatelli — b. Mariae, see Fagara oc-
taudrsi — b. e. Mecc§,, see Amyris opobalsamum —
b. Mercuriale, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis —
b. Nerviuum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b.
Nucistee, see Myristica — b. Ophthalmicum ru-
brum, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxidi — b.
Opodeldoc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum —
b. Persicum, Tinctura benzoini composita — b.
Peruvianum, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. Sa-
turninura, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis — b.
Scherzeri, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Sto-
machicum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Sty-
ra«i«, Styrax — b. Styracis benzoini, Benjamin —
b. Suocini, see Succinum — b. Sulphuris Barba-
deuse, Petroleum Hulphuratum — b. Sulphuris
•implex, Oleum sulphuratum — b. Syriacum, see
AmyriH opobalsamum — b. Tolutanura, see Tolu-
Ifera balaamum— b. Tranquillans seu Tranquil-
lum, Baluam, tranquil — b. Traumaticum, Tinc-
tura benzoini composita— b. Universale, Unguen-
tum plumbi auperacetatis — b. Viride, Balsam,
green, of Metz ; sue Fagara octandra.
Bal'iamas, Balsam — b. PalustriB, Mentha
ai{i]uti(;a.
Bal lem, Amyrii opobalsamum.
Bum'ba, ISumboo.
Bamba'lia, Balbuties.
Bamba'lio, /inm'bato, Bala'tro, (fiaftfiatvia, * I
•peak inarticulately.'^ One who atammera or
Ii«pi, or uttem Inarticulate Bounds. According
\o KKAim, one who speaks as if he had pap in
hi§ month, or as if his tongue were paralyzed.
BANDAGE
Bamboo', (F.) Bambou, Bambn. Fom. Sra.
mineae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. The
young shoots of Bam'boH aiuudina'ceu, Artm'do
bam'boa, Bambu'aa arnndinn'cea, and of Bam'bos
verticilla'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of which
the people of both the Indies are very fond. They
are sometimes made into a pickle. The juice of
the green leaves is said in India to be emmena-
gogue and parturifacient.
Bam'bos (name in India) Arundina'cea, Bapi-
boo — b. Verticillata, Bamboo.
Bambu'sa Arundina'cea, Bamboo.
Ba'mia Moscha'ta, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
Bam'ma, gen. Bamm'atia, {^afifia, from t^airru
*I plunge,') Anciently, liquids were so called-in
which certain bodies were plunged, to moisten or
soften them. In the case of tea, for instance, into
which bread is dipped, the tea would be the bamma.
Bana'na, Musa sapientum.
Bananier, Musa sapientum — b. Gommun, Musa
paradisiaca.
Banaus'ia, {^avavata,) Charlatanry.
Banc d'Mippocrate, (* bench of Hippocrates,')
Bathron.
Bancalf (F.) One who has deformed legs. It
includes valgus, compernis, and t;an(».
Bancksia Abyssinica, Hagenia Abyssinica.
Bancroche, (F.) A vulgar epithet for a rick-
ety individual.
Band, Flattened, see Nerve fibre — b. Primi-
tive, see Kerve fibre — b. of Rejiak, see Kerve
fibre.
Ban'dage, Des'ma, Syndes'mus, Hypodes'mis,
Hypodes'ma, Hypodea'muH, Bypod'esis, and Hypo-
de'sis, (the last five signify properly "an under
bandage"); A binder, (Sax. bindan, Ho bind.')
This word, with the French, is generally used to
express the methodical application of rollers,
compresses, &c., Ban'daginy, Syn'deaia, to fix an
apparatus upon any part, — corresponding to the
words deliga'tio, fascia' tio, fascia'rwn applica'tio,
epid'esis. With us the noun is usually applied
to the result of the application, or to the bandage
itself; — a sense in which the French employ the
word Bande. Bandages are simple or compound.
The simple bandage is equal, if the turns are ap-
plied circidarly above each other; unequal, if the
turns are not accurately applied upon each other.
If each turn of the bandage be only covered one-
third, it forms the doloire of the French ; if the
edges touch only slightly, it is the mousse ; if the
turns are very oblique and separated, it is the
spiral or creeping, (F.) rampant ; if folded upon
each other, it is termed the reversed, {¥.) renversS.
By uniting various kinds of bandaging, we have
the compound ; and these compound bandages
have received various names expressive of their
figure, or of the parts to which they are applied,
as capistrum, spica, &c. Bandages are divided,
also, as regards their uses, into nniling, dividing,
retaining, expelling, compressing, &Q.
Bandage or Roll'er, Fas'cia, Tse'nia, Epi
des'mus, Vin'culum, the Bande of the French.
It may be made of linen, flannel, or other stuff
capable of offering a certain resistance. The two
extremities of a bandage are called tails, (F.)
chefs, the rolled part is termed its head, (F.)
globe, and the rest of the bandage is the body,
(F.) plein. The outer or free end or tail is
termed the init''ial extrem'ity, (F.) chef initial.
The inner, in the centre of the roller, is the ter'-
minal extrem'ity, (F.) chef terminal. If rolled at.
both extremities, it is called a double-headed roller
or bandage, (F.) Bande d deux globes, and th*
part between the globes is the body.
Bandfige d Bandelettes Sex>arees, Bandagf
of separate strips.
Ban'kage, Bon'y, Manti'le, Mante'le, (F.) Ban-
dage de Corps, is used for fixing dressings, Ac.,
to the trunk. It is formed of a towel, napkin,
BANDAGE
BANNlfiRES
113
or some large compress, folded three or four
times; the extremities of which are fastened by
pins. This is again fixed by means of the acap-
ulary bmidar/e, which is nothing more than an
ordinary bandage, stitched to the anterior and
middle part of the napkin, passing over the cla-
ricles and behind the head, to be attached to the
back part of the napkin.
Ban'dage, Com'pound, see Bandage,
Ban'dage, Compress'ing, or Roll'er, Faa'cia
compreasi'va seu convolii'tn, (F,) Bandage com-
pressive ou rouIS, is the simpler roller with one
nead; and is employed in cases of ulcers, varices,
Ac, of the limbs. Whenever this roller is applied
to the lower part of the limbs, it is carried up-
wards by the doloire and reversed methods.
Ban'dage, Compres'sive, see Bandage, com-
pressing — b. de Corps, see Bandage — b. Dividing,
see Bandage — b. Divhif, Dividing bandage — b.
d Dix-hiiit Chefs, Bandage, eighteen-tailed — 6. en
Doloire, Doloire — b. Double-headed, see Bandage.
Ban'dage, Eighteen-tailkd, Faa'cia octod'-
ecim capit'ibus, (F.) Bandage d dix-huit chefs.
This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion
of a common roller; and with a sufficient number
of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as much of
the part as is requisite. It is a very useful ban-
j dage, inasmuch as it can be undone without dis-
turbing the part.
Ban'dage, Expei/ling, see Bandage — b. Fig-
ure of 8, see Figure of 8.
Ban'dage, Ga'len's, B. for the Poor, Fas'cia
Oale'ni seu Pau'penmi, Ga'lea, (F.) Bandage de
! Galien ou dea Pauvrea, is a kind of cucnllua or
hood, (F.) Convrechef, divided into three parts on
each side, of which Galen has given a descrip-
tion. See Cancer Galcni.
Ban'dage of Gex'ga, Bandage of Theden — b.
Hernial, see Truss — b. Immovable, Apparatus,
i immovable.
Ban'dage, In'guinal, Fas'cia inguina'Ua. A
bandage for keeping dressings applied to the
groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is at-
tached a triangular compress, adapted for cover-
ing the groin. To the lower extremity of this,
\ one or two bandages are attached, which pass
under the thigh, and are fixed to the posterior
part of the cincture. This bandage may be either
simple or double.
Ban'dage, Invag'inated, see Invaginated.
Sandage des Pauvres, (* B. of the poor,')
Bandage, Galen's — b. Permament, Apparatus, im-
movable — b. of the Poor, see Bandage, Galen's,
and Cancer Galenl — b. Ribbail's, see Spica — b.
Rampant, see Bandage — b. Renverse, see Bandage
— b. RonU, see Bandage — b, of Scultetus, Ban-
dage of separate strips.
Ban'dage op Sep'arate Strips or B, of ScrL-
te'tus, Fas'cia fasci'olis aepara'tim dispos'itis
seu Sculte'ti, (F.) Baiidage ct, bandelettea aeparees
ou de Scultet. This is formed of linen strips,
each capable of surrounding once and a half the
part to which they have to be applied, and placed
upon each other, so as to cover successively one-
third of their width. It is used chiefly for frac-
tures, requiring frequent dressing.
Ban'dage, Sim'ple, see Bandage — b. Spica,
see Spica — b. Spiral, see Spiral — b. Splint, see
Apparatus, immovable — b. Starch, see Apparatus
immovable — b. Startin's, see Splint.
Ban'dage op The'dkn, B. of Genga. A ban
dage employed, at times, in brachial aneurism,
which commences at the fingers and extends to
the axilla.
Ban'dage, Un'deh, Hypodesmis — b. Unequal,
see Bandage — b. Unissaut, Uniting bandage — b.
Uniting, see Bandage, and Uniting bandage — b
of Winslow, see Win slow.
[Other bandages will be found described under
their various names.]
Ban'daging, see Bandage — b. Doctrine of,
Desmaturgia.
Ban'dagist, (F.) Bandagiste. One who makes
bandages, and especially trusses.
Sande, Bandage. The word Bande, in anat-
omy, is used by the French for various narrow,
flat, and elongated expansions.
Bande a deux Globes, see Bandage.
Sande d'Hellodoire. A kind of bandage for
supporting the mammaj.
Bandeau, (F.) A kind of simple bandage,
which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four
times, and applied round the head. There is also
ViXQ Bandeau oxx. Monchoir en triangle or triangnlar
bandage, a kind of couvrechef, made of a square
piece of cloth, or of a handkerchief, folded diago-
nally, and applied round the head.
Bandelette, (F.) (dim. of Bande,) Fasci'ola,
Tivni'ola, Vit'ta ; a narrow bandage, strip, or
fillet. Also. Tjienia semicircularis.
Bandelette des Comes d'Ammon, Corpus
fimbriatum — b. des Eminences pyriformeayliKni*,
semicircularis — b. de I'Hippocavtpe, Corpora fim-
briata — 6. Seinicircidaire, Tasnia semicircu-
laris.
Bandelettes Agglutinatives. Small strips,
covered with a glutinous plaster. Vit'tw aggluti-
nan'tes. See Agglutinant.
Bandelettes Becoupes, are strips of linen,
notched on one edge, and covered, on one side,
with ointment. They are applied to wounds to
prevent the lint from sticking, and the laeeration
of the cicatrix.
Bandu'ra, Nepentha destillatoria.
Ban'dylegged, Cnemoscoliosis.
Bane'berry, Actasa spicata.
Bangue, Bhang, Bang, Bangi or Beng, Scdhee^
Snbjee. Adanson believes this to be the Nepen-
thes of the ancients. The largest leaves and cap-
sules, without the stalks, of Can'nabis In'dica,
(F.) Chanvre Indien, Indian Hemp, probably iden-
tical with C. aativa. Family, Urticeas. Sex. Syst.
Dicecia Pentandria. According to the Ph. U. S.,
1873, Cannabis Indica is the flowering tops of
the female plant of Cannabis Sativa, variety In-
dica. The leaves and flowers of Cannabis are
narcotic and astringent. They are chewed and
smoked. The seeds, mixed with opium, areca,
and sugar, produce a kind of intoxication, and
are used for this purpose by the people of India.
An alcoholic extract of the dried tops, Chur'rus —
Extrac'tum Can'nabis (Ph. U. S., 1863) — Extrac'-
turn Can'nabis Jn'dicie (Ph. U. S., 1873) — has
been used in Indi?, and since then in Europe
and in this country, as a narcotic and anti-
convulsive, in the dose of from half a grain to
ten or more. It requires, however, great cau-
tion in its administration. The pure resin —
Can'nabin, Has'chischin — is active in the dose
of gr. 2-3.
The dried plant, which has flowered, and from
which the resin has not been removed, called
Gnn'jah, Gan'jah, Gua'za, and Gua'zah, Haaeh'-
isch, Hasch'ich, Hach'iseh, Haah'iah, or Chasch'-
iseh, of the Arabs, consists of the tops and tender^
parts only of the plant, collected immediately
after inflorescence, and simply dried.
Bangwellget'ta, (Ceyl.) Pereiria medica.
Ban'ica, Pastinaca sativa.
Banil'as, Vanilla.
Banil'la, Vanilla.
Banil'loes, Vanilla.
Baniste'ria Angulo'sa, (after Rev. John Ban
ister, a botanist.) This plant, in Brazil and the
Antilles, passes for a powerful sudorific, and an
antidote to the poison of serpents.
Bank'sia Abyssin'ica, (after Sir Joseph
Banks, P. R, S.,) Ilagenia Abyssinica — b. Specie
osa, Costus.
Bannibres, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bannierei
114
BANTINGISM
BAEK
is a villago in Quercy, diocese of Cahors, France.
The waters are probably chalybeate. They are
celebrated in amenorrhoea, cachexia, jaundice, Ac.
Ban'tingism. A mode of treating corpulence
dietetically, practised by a non-professional man
named Banting, according to rules laid down for
him by a medical practitioner of London of the
name of Harvey, which consists mainly in regu-
lating the quantity of animal food, and dimin-
ishing the amount of the amylaceous and sac-
charine. The plan is foreshadowed in the work
of Brillat Savarin on taste, and corresponds with
the views of Licbig.
Ba'obab, Adanno'nia dujita'ta, of Africa. Nat.
Oitt. Bouabacese. One of the largest productions
of the vegetable kingdom. Its fruit is called, in
the country. Pain de etnge, ('monkey bread.')
The pulp is sourish, and agreeable to eat; and a
refreshing drink is made from it, which is used
in fevers. Prospero Alpini and Dr. L. Frank
think that the Ter'ra Lem'nia was prepared, in
Egypt, from the pulp. All the parts of the Ba-
obab abound in mucilage. The bark has been
given as a substitute for cinchona.
Baptis'ia Leucan'tha, (from ^anrm; *to dye,')
see Sophora tinctoria — b. Tinctoria, Sophora
tinctoria.
Baptiate'rium, {^amurrTipiov, from Paim^eiv, ' to
immerse-') Baignoire,
BaptorrluB'a, {^anrut, '1 infect/ and ^«, 'I
flow.') See Gonorrhoea.
Baraetthesiom'eter, (from Bapv^, ' heavy,' auj^rj-
m, ' sensation,' and fxerpov, ' measure.') An in-
strument devised by Eulenburg of Prussia for
estimating the sense of pressure; that is, to ascer-
tain the least diflFerence which can be felt at a
given spot. It measures also the force of mus-
cular contraction, and is useful for explorative
pressure, as in sciatic neuralgia.
Baraquette, (F.) A name given by Rasous,
physician at Nismes, in France, to a catarrhal
epidemy, which occurred there in 1761. See In-
fluenza.
Ba'ras, (Arab,) see Lepra alphoides.
Bar'athron, Juniperus sabina.
Bar'athrum, (papa&fjov,) Antrum.
Bar'ba, Beard — b. Aaronis, Arum maculatum
— b. Caprjfi, Spiraea ulmaria — b. Hirci, Trago-
pogon — b. Jovis, Serapervivum tectorum.
Barba'doeB, see West Indies— b. Leg, see Ele-
phantiasis — b. Nut, Jatropha curcas.
Barba'rea ('herb St. Barbary*), Erysimum
barbarea — b. Stricta, Erysimum barbarea.
Barbaros'sae Pil'ulaB, Barbaras' na' a I'illa. An
ancient composition of quicksilver, rhubarb, di-
Rgridium, musk, <tc. It was the first internal
mercurial medicine which obtained any real credit.
Barbatima'o, Cortex adstringens Braziliensis.
Jtarht-, Beard — b. de Jlonc, Tragopogon.
Jfarhfftu, Centaurca cyanus, Cyanus segetum.
Bar'ber-chirur'geons. A corporation of Lon-
don, instituted by King Edward IV. The bar-
bers wore separated from the surgeons, by 18
Geo. II., 0. 15; and the latter were erected into a
Jinyal CidUije of SiirytotiH at the commencement
of the proaent century. The Barber's pule, of the
proMDt day, is a relic of the old staff that was
fTMpcd, and the colored strip passing spirally
around it, of the fillet or tape employed in the
operation of bleeding.
Bar'ber'l Pole, b<!0 Barber-chirurgeons.
Bar'bert, Army, hco Bathers.
Barb«rl«, Mineral Waters of. These min-
eral water* are half ii j.-a^ue from Nantes. They
eontaio carbonic acid, ehlorides of magnesium and
•odium, Bulphato of niagnesia, carbonates of mag-
nesia, lime, and iron. They are used as obalyb-
Mt«s.
Barber'ry, (hrrheris,) Oxycantha Galcni — b.
Amurioan, see Ozyoautba Ualuoi.
Bar'biers. A variety of paralysis chiefty pret
alent in India; and by many considered to b«
the same as Beriberi. Beriberi is commonly an
acute disease; Barbiers is generally chronic.
Barbit'ium, (from barba,) Beard.
Bar'bone, Pubis, os.
Harhotine, Artemisia Santonica.
Barb'ula (dim. of barba) Capri'na, Spiraea
ulmaria — b. Hirci sen Tragi, see Tragus.
Bar'clay's Antibil'ious Pills, Pilulye antibili-
osae.
Barba'dia, Pound.
Barda'na, Arctium lappa — b. Minor, Xan->
thiura.
Bardnne Petite, Xanthium.
Bareges, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bareges is a
village in the department of Hautes Pyrenees,
near which are several springs. They are sul-
phureous and thermal, the heat varying from 8o®
to 112° Fahrenheit. They contain chlorides of
magnesium and sodium, sulphates of magnesia
and lime, carbonate of lime, sulphur, &c. These
springs have long enjoyed a high reputation, and
are daily advised in cutaneous and scrofulous af-
fections, &c. The season is from the 1st of June
to the 15th of September.
A nitrogenized matter was first found in these
waters, and afterwards in other sulphureous
springs, to which Longchamp gave the name
Bar^gine.
Facti"tious Bareges Water, A'qua Baregl-
nen'sis seu Baretginen'ais. (F.) Eau de Bareges, is
made by adding hydrosulphtiretted water, f^iv., to
pure water, fjxvijss., carbonate of soda, gr. xvj.,
chloride of sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely.
Baregine, see Bareges.
Barga'da, Convolvulus pes caprae.
Bar'gou. An alimentary preparation formed
of ground oats, boiled to a proper consistence
with water : — see Avena.
Barig'lia, Soda.
Ba'rii Carbo'nas, Baryta, Carbonate of — b.
Chloridum, Baryta, muriate of — b. lodidum,
Baryta, hydriodate of.
Barilla, Soda — b. Alicant, Soda — b. Car-
thagena. Soda — b. Turkey, Soda.
Baril'lor, Soda.
Ba'rium, Ba'ryum, Baryt'inm, {^apvs, 'heavy.')
PhUo'nium. The metallic base of baryta, so
called from the great density of its compounds.
Ba'rium, Car'bonate of. Baryta, carbonate of
— b. Chloratum, Baryta, muriate of — b. Chloride
of, Baryta, muriate of — b. Chlorure de, Baryta,
muriate of — b. lodatum, and Iodide of, Baryta,
hydriodate of — b. Protoxide of, Baryta.
Bark, Cinchona, see Cortex — b. Arica, see
Cinchonas cordifoliae cortex — b. Ash, see Cin-
chona — b. Bitter, Pinckneya pubens — b. Bogota,
see Cinchona — b. Calisaya, Cinchonae cordilolias
cortex — b. Calisaya, spurious, see Cinchonae cor-
difoliae cortex — b. Carabaya, see Cinchona) cordi-
foliae cortex — b. Caribaean, Cinchonae Cariba^a) cor-
tex — b. Carthagena, see Cinchona — b. Cherry,
wild, Prunus Virginiana — b. Coquctta, see Cin-
chona — b. Crown, Cinchonae lancifoliio cortex — b.
Cusco, see Cinchonio cordifoliae cortex — b. Doom,
Sassy bark — b. Elk, Magnolia glauca — b. Essen-
tial salt of, see Cinchona — b. Florida, Pinckneya
pubens — b. Fusagasuga,sce Cinchona — b. Georgia,
Pinckneya pubens — b. Gray, see Cinchona — b.
Huamilies, see Cinchona — b. Iluanuco, see Cin-
chona — b. Indian, Magnolia glauca — b. Iron, see
Kino — b. Jacket, see Cinchona — b. Jaen, see
Cinchona — b. Jesuit's, Cinchona — b. Lima, see
Cinchona — b. Loxa, Cinchonae lancifoli:e cortex
— b. Maracaybo, see Cinchona — b. Neem, Melia
azedarach — b. Oak, white, Quercus alba — b.
Ordeal, Sassy bark — b. Palo, Cinchonte lancifo-
lirti cortex — b. Peruvian, Cinchona — b. Pitaya,
Cinchonaj Caribiooo cortex, see Cinchona — b. Red,
BARLERIA
BAS-VENTRE
115
Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex — b. Royal, Cin-
chonaa cordifoliae cortex — b, of St. Ann, see Cin-
chouifi corciifolia9 cortex — b. Saint Lucia, Cin-
chona} Caribaeae cortex — b. Santa Martha, see
Cinchona — b. Sassy, Sassy bark — b. Seven, Hy-
drangea arborescens — b. Silver, see Cinchona —
b. Yellovf, Cinchonae eordifolias cortex.
Barle'ria Buxifo'lia, (after Rev. James Barre-
Uer, M. D,,) Cara schulli.
Bark'ing Disease, Mai de Laira.
Barley, Hordeum.
Bar' LEV Bree, Cerevisia.
Baii'leycorn, Cerevisia
Bau'let, Pearl, see Hordeum — b. Scotch,
Hordeum.
Bar'ley Wa'ter, Deeoctum hordeL
Barm, ([Sax.] beojim,) Yest.
Barn, ([Prov.], [Sax.] beapn,) Infans.
Bar'net, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Barnet is not
far from London. The water is of a purging qual-
ity, like that of Epsom, and about half the strength.
Baromacrom'eter, Psedobaronmcrom' cler, Pee-
dum'etey, (fiapos, ' weight,' fuvcpoi, ' long,' and (lerpov,
' measure.') An instrument invented by Stein to
indicate the length and weight of the new-born.
Barom'eter, Baroscop'imn, Ba'roscope, (fiapo^.,
'weight,' and (terpov, 'measure,') (F.) Barometre.
An instrument which measures the weight of the
air. A certain degree of density in this medium
is necessary for health. When we ascend high
mountains, great inconvenience is experienced,
owing to the diminished density. Changes of
this character are indicated by the barometer or
weather-glass.
Ba'ros, (/3«^of, 'weight.') Employed by the
Greek physicians to designate the feeling of lassi-
tude and heaviness observable in many diseases.
Bar'oscope, {ffapot, * weight,' and mcoirca, * I
view,') Barometer.
Baros'ma Betuli'na, B. Crenata seu Crenulata
and B. Serratifolia, {^apvs, 'heavy,' and oa/itj,
* odor.') Diosma crenata.
JBarote, Baryta.
Baro'tes Sali'tus, Baryta, muriate of.
Barras, see Pin us sylvestris.
Barre, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Barre is a small
town, six leagues from Strasburg. The waters
are thermal, and contain much iron, calcareous
salt, &c. They are diuretic and tonic.
Barre, (F.) 'a bar.' Barrure, Va'ra. A pro-
jection or prolongation of the symphysis pubis ;
— a deformity rendering delivery difficult.
Barree, (F.) 'barred.' A term applied, in
France, to a female whose pelvis has the de-
formity described under Barre.
Barres (Dents), Barr'ed Teeth. The molar
teeth, when the roots are spread or tortuous, so
that they cannot be extracted without being
broken ; or without a portion of the alveolar arch
being removed.
Barrel of the Ear, Tympanum.
Bar'ren, Sterile.
Bar'renness, Sterilitas.
Bar'ros, Terra Portugallica.
Bar'rows' Grease, Adeps praeparatus.
Barrure, Barre.
Bar'tholinus, Duct of, Duct of Bartholinus —
b. Glands of, Cowper's gland in the female.
Bar'ton's Fracture, see Fracture of the Ra-
dius, Barton's.
Bar'ton's Opera'tion for Ankylo'sis. This
consists in cutting out a V-shaped portion of
bone. It was first devised, and carried into exe-
cution, by Dr. John Rhea Barton, of Philadel-
phia, in 1826.
Baru'ria, (bary, and ovpov, ' urine,') see Urine.
Ba'ry, (from ^apvs, 'heavy,') Gravis; in com-
position, heavy, oppressive.
Barycoc'calon, (bary, and xoKKoXof, 'a nut.')
Datura stramonium.
Baryecoi'a, Bradyecoi'a, Paracu'sia obtu'sa,
Dysecoi'u, Andi'tus dijffic"ili8, A. gra'vis, A. ijw-
minu'tns, ObuudWio, Obaudi'tus, Hypocopho' sis,
(F.) Durete d'Oreille, Dysecee, (Vary, and aKotj,
'hearing.') Hardness of hearing, incomplete
deafness. See Cophosis, and Deafness.
Baryglos'sia, {bra-y, and yXwaaa, 'tongue.')
Balbuties, Baryphonia.
Ba'ry i Hy'dras loda'ti, Baryta, hydriodate of.
Baryla'lia, {bury, and XaXeiv, ' to speak.') Ba-
ryphonia.
Baryma'zia, Baryma'aia, (bary, and ita^og,
' a breast.') The condition of one who has heavy
or large breasts.
Baryod'yne, {bary, and o^vv, 'pain.') A dull,
heavy pain.
Barypho'uia, Baryglos'sia, Baryla'lia, Lo-
que'la impedi'ta, (bary, and <p<avti, ' voice.') Diffi-
culty of voice or speech.
Barypi'cTon, {bary, and niKpog, 'bitter.') Ar-
temisia abrotanum.
Barysoma'tia, {bary, and ow/ia, ' body.') Poly-
sarcia adiposa.
Barysomat'ica, Polysarcia adiposa.
Bary'ta, {^apv-nj;, ' weight,') Ter'ra pondero'ea,
Bary'tes, Protox' ide of Ba'rium, Heavy Earth,
Pou'derous Earth, (F.) Baryte, Barote, Terre
pesaute. This earth and its soluble salts are all
highly corrosive poisons. It is never employed
in medicine in the pure state. When externally
applied, it is caustic, like potassaand soda.
Bary'ta, Carb'onate of, Bnry'tae Garbo'nae,
Ba'rii Carbo'nas, (Ph. U. S., 1873,) (F.) Car-
bonate de Baryte, Craie barotique, is only used
officinal ly to obtain the muriate.
Bary'ta, Hydri'odate of, Bury'tae Hydri'odaa,
Bary'ta Hydriod'ica, Hy'dras Ba'ryi loda'ti: —
(in the dry state, I'od.idc of Ba'rium, Ba'rii lod'^
idiim, Ba'rium loda'tiau,) has been given in scrof-
ulous and similar morbid conditions. It may be
administered internally in the dose of one-eighth
of a grain three or four times a day, and be ap-
plied externally to scrofulous swellings, in the
iorm of ointment, (gr. iv. to ^j. of lard.)
Bary'ta Hydrio'dica, Baryta, hydriodate of.
Bary'ta, Mu'riate or Hydrochlo'rate of,
Bary'tse Mu'rias, Ghlo'ride of Barium, Ba'rii
Chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.), Ba'rium Chlora'tum,
Chlo'ruret of Ba'rium, Ter'ra pondero'ea sali'ta
seu muria'ta, Sal muriat'icum barot'icum, Baro'tet
sali'tus, (F.) Ghlorure de barium, is the com-
bination of baryta chiefly used. It is made
by the action of muriatic acid on carbonate of
baryta.
It is given in the form of the Solu'tio Muria'tia
Bary'tsi, Li'quor Ba'rii Chlo'ridi (Ph. U. S.),
A'qua Bary'tfe Muria'tis, (F.) Solution de Muriate
de Baryte, {Barii chlorid. ,^j., Aq. destillat,
l^iij.,) and is employed in scrofulous cases,
worms, and cutaneous diseases. Externally, to
fungous ulcers and to specks on the cornea. Dose,
gtt. v., two or three times a day.
Bary'ta, Sulph'ate of, Bary'tse sulph'aa, (F.)
Sulfate de Baryte, is used in pharmacy, like the
carbonate, to obtain the chloride of barium.
Bary'tae Carbo'nas, Baryta, carbonate of — b.
Hydriodas, Baryta, hydriodate of — b. Murias,
Baryta, muriate of — b. Sulphas, Baryta, sulphate
of.
Baryte, Baryta — b. Carbonate de, Baryta,
carbonate of — b. Sulfate de, Baryta, sulphate of.
Barythym'ia, {(iaiw^viua, from bary, and ^wfios,
'mind.') Melancholy.
Bary'tium, Barium.
Ba'ryum, Barium — b. Ghlorure de, Baryt^
muriate of.
Bas-fond, {bas, 'low,' and /one?, ' bottom,')
see Urinary Bladder.
Bas-lasse, Stocking, laced.
Bas-ventre, (' lower belly,') Abdomen.
J 16
BASAAL
BASSORIN
Sasaal. The name of an Indian tree, the de-
coction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger, is
used as a gargle in diseases of the fauces. The
kernels of the fruit are vermifuge.
Basanastrag'ala, {iiaaavoi, ' torture,* and aarpa-
yaXoi, ' the astragalus.') Pain in the ankle joint;
gout in the foot.
Basanis'mUS, {^aaaviapLOi, *from fiaaavi^av, 'to
explore.' 'A touch-stone.'j Investigation or ex-
amination.
Base, Ba'aia, {fiaan, from fiaivw, * I proceed,* ' I
rest,' ' I support myself.') That which serves as
a foundation or support. That which enters, as
a principal matter, into a mixture or combination.
In anatomy, it is employed in the former sense,
as Base of the Cra'nium, Base of the Brain —
Ba'aia seu Pavimen' turn cere'bri; Base of a
proc"e88, &c., Base of the heart — Ba'aia vel
coro'na cor'dia. In dentistry, it means a metal-
lic, ivory, hippopotamus or other plate, which is
used as a support for artificial teeth. In the lan-
guage of prescribing. Basis is the chief substance
which enters into a compound formula.
Baseborn, Illegitimate.
Base'dow, Disease of, (after Von Basedow,
who first described it about the same time as Dr.
Graves, of Dublin,) see Exophthalmia.
Base'ment Mem'brane, see Membrane, base-
ment.
Ba'sia, pi. of Basium, see Kiss.
Ba'siare, see Kiss.
Basia'tio, {basiare, haaiatum, * to kiss,') Coition.
Basia'tor, (same etymon,) Orbicularis oris.
Bas'il Bush, ([F.] BaaiUe, from ^aaihKog,
royal,') Ocymum caryophyilatum — b. Citron,
Ocymum basilicum — b. Common, Ocymum basi-
licum — b. Small, Ocymum caryophyilatum — b.
Wild, Chenopodium vulgare, Cunilamariana, and
Pycnanthemum incanum.
Bas'ilad, see Basilar aspect.
Basilar, Baaila'ria, Baa'ilary, (F.) Baailaire.
That which belongs to the base. This name has
been given to several parts, which seem to serve
as bases to others. The sacrum and sphenoid
have been so called.
Bas'ilab Aii'teuy, tI. baaila'ria seu cervica'Ua,
(F.) Art^re ou Tronc baailaire, A. meaocephaliqne
(Ch.) The union of the two vertebral arteries.
It ascends along the middle groove on the inferior
surface of the tuber, and is supported, beneath,
by the Foaaa Baailaria. It terminates in the
posterior cerebral arteries.
BAJi'iLAR As'PKCT. An aspect towards the base
of the head. — Barclay. Baailad is used adver-
bially by the same writer to signify * towards the
basilar aspect.'
Bah'ilar Fos'sa, (F.) Goiittiire OH Foaae hafsi-
laire, is the upper surface of the basilary process,
— so called because it is channeled like a Foaaa or
Outter. The Tuber annulare rests upon it.
Bah'ilar Mkmbranu, see Corti.
Bas'ilar Proc"B8S, Procea'aua baaila'ria oa'aia
•ceip'itia seu cuneifor' mia oa'aia occip'itia, (F. )
Apttphyae Haailaire, Prolongement aoua-occipitnl,
Cu'iieiforrn Proceaa, is the bony ))rojection, formed
by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which is
ftrtiuiilatcd with the sphenoid.
Bah'ilar Si'.vuh, 8inu8 transvorsus.
Bas'ilar Sur'kack, (F.) Surface baailaire, is
tbo inferior surface of the process. It is covered
by the mucous mumbrune <tf the pharynx.
Bah'ilar Vkr'tbbra.. The last vertebra of the
loins.
BMll'iC, /?««7'ic.i«, (F.) BaaViqut, (0aa,hKOi,
♦royal. ) This name was given, by the ancients,
to parts which they conceived to play an impor-
tant part in the animal economy.
Bahii/Ic Vkin, Vr'na batil'ica «eu ctt'ittt inte'-
'^#"^*/^** *'**"* liaailimte, Veint cubitale cutauSe
•r Ohams ler. This vein is one of those on which
the operation of bloodletting is performed. It is
situate at the internal part of the fold of the
elbow, in front of the humeral artery, and i&
formed by the anterior and poaterior vubital vains,
and by the median baailic. It terminates, in the
arm-pit, in the axillary vein. The ancients
thought that the basilic of the right arm had
some connection with the liver, and hence they
called it hepatic. The vein of the left arm, for a
similar reason, they called aplenic. The Me'dian
Buail'ic Vein, (F.) Veine mediane baailiqne, is
one of the branches of the preceding vein. It
joins the median cephalic at an acute angle, or
rather by a transverse branch, and receives some
branches of the deep radial and cubital veins,
and a considerable subcutaneous vein — the com^
mon median.
Basilic Cominun, Ocymum basilicum — h.
Sauvage, grand, Chenopodium vulgare.
Basiricon, Baail'icum, {^aqiXiKov, 'royal, or of
great virtue.') An ointment, composed of yellow
wax, black pitch, and resin, of each one part,
olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called Ungtien'^
turn Tetraphar'maciim, (jeTpacpapixaKa, 'four drugs.')
Basil'icon, Baail'icum of the Parisian Codex,
is the Onguent de Poix et de Cire. In most Phar*
macopoeias, it is represented by the Unguen'tum or
Cera'tnm Reai'nse. It is used as a stimulating
ointment. See Ceratum Resinse, and Unguentum
Resinse Nigrse.
Basiricum, Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum —
b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum — b. Majus, Ocy-
mum basilicum.
BnsiUque, Basilic.
Basilis'cus, Syphilis.
Ba'sio, (from baaia, 'base.') In composition,
base.
Ba'siocer'atochon'droglos'sus, {baaio, Ktpoi,
'cornu,' ■xpv^poi, 'cartilage, and yAwmra, 'tongue.')
Hyoglossus.
Ba'siocer'atOglos'SUS, (baaio, Kepas, 'cornu,'
and yXwo-ira, ' tongue.') A name given to a part
of the hyoglossus, which is inserted into the
cornu of the os hyoides and base of the tongue.
Ba'sioces'trum, {baaio, and Ksarpa, ' a dart.') An
instrument for opening the head of the foetus in
utero, invented by Mesler, a German.
Ba'sioglos'SUS, Hypaelogloa' aua, Hyobaaiogloa'-
ana, Ypaeloyloa' sua, {baaio, and yXioma, 'the
tongue.') A name formerly given to the portion
of the hyoglossus which is inserted into the base
of the os hyoides. See Lingual Muscles.
Ba'siopharyngae'us, {baaio, and ((>apvy^, 'the
pharynx.') A name given to some fibres of the
constrictor pharyngis medius.
Ba'sis, Base, see Prescription — b. Cerebri,
Base of the brain — b. Cordis, Radix cordis — b.
Corporis, Sole — b. of the Peduncle, see Pedun-
cles of the brain.
Bassicol'ica. Name of an ancient medicine,
composed of aromatics and honey, and proposed
by Julius Bassus.
Bas'sia Butyra'cea, (after F. Bassi, botanist
of Bologna,) see Spirit, (Arrack.)
Bassin, Pelvis — b. Oculaire, Scaphium oculare.
Basainvr, Fove're, to foment.
Bassinet, Pelvis of the kidney, Ranunculus
bulbosus.
Bas'sora Gum. A gum, obtained from a plant,
unknown, which came originally from the neigh-
borhood of Bassora on the Gulf of Persia, whence
its name. It is in irregularly shaped pieces,
white or yellow, and intermediate in its trausjia-
rency between gum Arabic and gum tragacanth.
Only a small portion is soluble in water. The
insoluble portion is a peculiar principle, called
Baa'aorin. It is not used in medicine, but baS'
sorin enters into the composition of several sub< j
stances.
Bas 'sorin, see Bassora gum.
BASSWOOD
BATH
nr
Bass'wood, Tilia Americana.
Bas'tard, (Celt. 6o», or boas, 'fornication,' and
uvdd, * source/) Illegitimate — b. Measles, Ru-
bella.
Ba'ta, Musa paradisiaca.
Bata'ta de Pur'ga. The Brazilian and com-
mercial name of the purgative, feculent, and
gum-resinous roots of two plants of the family
Convolvulaceae, the one called Jeticu'cu, Mecho'a-
; can, Convo/'rnliis mechoacan'na, the Pi'pto8te'<jia
\ Piso'nis of Von Martins; the other Convolvu'lus
I opercnla'tus, the Tpomse'a seu Piptoste'gia opercu-
la'ta of Von Martius.
Bata'tas. The inhabitants of Peru gave this
appellation to several tuberous roots, especially to
CoHvol'vulus Bata'tas, or Sweet Pota'to. Our word
Potato comes from this. See Solanum tuberosum.
Bata'tas Edu'lis, Convolvulus batatas.
Bate'man's Pec'toral Drops, see Pectoral
Drops, Bateman's.
Bates's Al'um Wa'ter, Liquor aluminis com-
positus — b. Anodyne balsam, Linimentum sa-
ponis et opii — b. Camphorated Water, Lotion,
camphorated, of Bates — b. Collyrium, see Lo-
tion, camphorated, of Bates.
'. Bath., (Sax. ba^,) Bal'ueum, Balane'um, Lotc'-
tron, (Old Eng.) Baine, (F.) Ba'tn. Immersion,
or stay, for a longer or shorter duration, of the
' whole or a part of the body, in some medium, as
water. Act of plunging into a liquid, sand, or
other substance, in which it is the. custom to
bathe, Plunge Bath. Also, the vessel in which
the water is put for bathing. Also, a public or
private establishment for bathing. The common
water-bath, used for hygienic as well as for ther-
. apeutical purposes, is the Bain 8i))iple ou hygien-
ique of the French. Quite a variety of Bains
medicinaux are officinal in the French Codex
I (1866).
I In Pharmacy, a vessel, placed over a fire, and
filled with any substance, into which another ves-
' sel is placed, containing matters for digestion,
evaporation, or distillation.
Bath, Ac"id, Bal'ueum Ac"id%im {Acid, muriat.
ft>ij., Aquse cong. Ixvi. One-half, one-third, or
t one-fourth the quantity of acid is more frequently
employed.)
Bath, Ac"id, Scott's, see Scott's Acid bath —
b. Air, hot, see Bath, hot — b. Air, warm, see
. Bath, hot.
Bath, Al'kaline, Bal'neum alkali'num. This
may be made of half a pound or a pound of
pearlash or carbonate of soda, to sixty-six gal-
lons of water.
Bath, An'isial, Bal'neum anima'le, consists in
1 wrapping an animal, recently killed, or its skin,
around the body, or some part of it.
Bath, Antipsor'ic, Bal'neum antipso'ricum.
Recommended in cases of itch and other cuta-
neous diseases. {Potass, sulphuret. ^iv., Aquse
eong. Ix.)
Bath, Antisyphilit'ic, Bal'neum antisyphilit' -
icum, Mercu'rial bath. Made by dissolving from
two drachma to an ounce of the corrosive chlo-
ride of mercury in sixty gallons of water.
Bath, Arm, Brachilu'vium, A bath for the
arm.
Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot — b. Cool, see Bath,
' hot.
Bath, Dry, is one made of ashes, salt, sand,
Ac. The ancients used these frequently for ther-
apeutical purposes.
Bath, Eajmh, Arenatio — b. Eastern, see Stove.
Bath, Elkc'tric, (F.) Bain Slectrique, consists
in placing the person upon an insulated stool,
[ communicating, by a metallic wire, with the
■ principal conductor of the electrical machine in
action. The Electric Bath produces general ex-
; citement of all the functions, and especially of
the circulation and secretions.
Bath, Foot, Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied, a
bath for the feet.
Bath, Gelat'inous, Bal'neum (jelatino'sum.
Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin or glue
in a gallon of toater. A gelatino-sulphnrous bath
may be made by adding a pound of glue, previ-
ously dissolved in water, to the sulphur bath.
Bath, Gen'eral, (F.) Bain Entier, is one in
which the whole body is plunged, except the
head ; in contradistinction to the partial bath,
Jlerobalane'uni, Jferobal'neum.
Bath, Half, Semicu'pimn, Excathis'ma, In-
ses'nio, Inses'mtH, is one adapted for half the body.
One for receiving only the hips or extremities is
also so called.
The Sltz-bath, (G.) S i t z b a d, of the hydropa-
thists, is a tub of cold water, in which the patient
sits for a variable period.
Bath, Hand, Manulu'vitim, (F.) Bain de Main
ou Manuluve, is a bath for the hands.
Bath, Head, CapitUu'vium, (F.) Bain de Tite
ou CapitUuve, a bath for the head.
Bath, Hip, Cojcalu'viun), (F.) Bain de Fau-
tenil. Bain de Siege, is one in which the lower
part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs
are immersed.
Bath, Hot, Bal'neum Cal'idum, Zestolu'sia,
Thermolu' sia, (F.) Bain chaud, is a bath, the tem-
perature of which is 98° and upwards; the Warm
Bath from 92° to 98°; the Tep'id Bath, (F.)
Bain Ti(>de, Bal'neum tep'idum, from 85° to 92° ;
the Temp'eratb Bath, (F.) Bain tewpiri, from
75° to 85°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain frais, from
60° to 75°; the Cold Bath, Bal'neum frig" idum,
Frigida'rium, (F.) Bain froid, Bain trSs froid,
(of some,) from 30° to 60°; and the Va'por
Bath, Bal'neum vapo'ris, (F.) Bain de Vapeur,
EtHve Humide, from 100° to 130°, and upwards.
See Vaporarium. A Warm-Air Bath, or Hot-
AiR Bath, consists of air, the temperature of
which is raised. See Stove.
Bath, Iodine. A bath containing two to four
drachms of iodine, with double that quantity of
iodide of potasnium, dissolved in toater, in a
wooden bath-tub, in the proportion of a gallon
of water to every three grains of iodine. It
usually produces only a slight rubefacient effect,
though sometimes causing the epidermis to peel
off.
Bath, Med'icated, Bal'neum medica'tum, (F.)
Bain medicinal, is a bath formed of decoctions
or infusions of vegetable substances, or of any
ingredient introduced into the water for thera-
peutical purposes.
Bath, Mercu'rial, Bath, antisyphilitic — b.
Mud, see Boue des Eaux — b. Nitromuriatic acid,
Scott's acid bath — b. Plunge, see Bath — b. Ro-
man, see Stove — b. Russian, see Vaporarium.
Bath, Sand, Bal'neum Are'nue, (F.) Bain de
Sable, consists of a vessel filled with sand, and
placed over the fire. Into this vessel the one is
put which contains the substance to be evapo-
rated. See Psammismus and Arenation.
• Bath, Sea, Bal'neum mari'num seu Ma'ris,
Thalassolu' trum, (F.) Bain de Mer. A sea-water
bath.
Bath, Show'er, Implu'vium, Hydroco'nium, the
Del'uge, is one in which the water is made to fall
like a shower on the body. See Douche.
Bath, Sitz, see Bath, half.
Bath, Sponge, Sj)ong"ing bath. The thorough
application of water to the surface by means of
a sponge.
Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing
steam into a properly closed vessel in place of
water, as in the water bath.
Bath, Succes'sion, TranHit"ion bath. A term
applied to the rapid succession or transition from
a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely.
Bath, Sulph'ur, Bal'neum Sulph'ttris, Sulph'u-
118
BATH
BAUNSCHEIDTISMUS
retted hath. A bath much used in psora, and
other chronic cutaneous affections. It may be
composed of two ounces of diluted sulphuric acid,
and eight ounces of sulphuret of potassium added
to each bath ; or simply of the sulphuret of po-
tassium.
Bath, Sul'phur Va'pok, see Sulphurous acid
— b. Sweating, Achicolum.
Bath, Tan. An astringent bath, prepared, at
times, by boiling two or three handfuls of ground
oak-bark — such as is used by tanners — in two or
three quarts of water, for half an hour, and then
aiding the decoction to the water of the bath.
Bath, Tem'peiiate, see Bath, hot— b. Tepid,
Bee Bath, hot — b. Transition, Bath, succession —
b. Turkish, see Stove — b. Vapor, see Bath, hot,
and Vaporarium — b. Warm, see Bath, hot.
Bath, Wa'ter, Bal'nenm Ma'rise seu Ma'ris,
(F.) Bain Marie, in chemistry, consists of a ves-
sel filled with boiling water, or salt water, in
which the vessel is placed, that contains the sub-
stance to be evaporated.
Bathing is much employed in the treatment of
disease. The cold bath, especially the cold sea
bath, is a sedative and indirect tonic; the warm
bath a relaxant, and the hot bath a stimulant.
The regular use of the bath is extremely con-
ducive to health ; but if too much indulged in, it
is apt to produce injurious eflects.
Bath Al'um Springs, see Virginia, Mineral
Waters of.
Bath, Min'eral Wa'ters of, A'qua Batho^nise
vel Bdd'izmy A'quw So'lie, A'quse Bad'igitse. Cel-
ebrated thermal springs at Bath, in England.
They contain but little impregnation, and are
chiefly indebted to their temperature, from 112°
to 117° Fahrenheit, for their utility. The main
ingredients are sulphate of lime, chloride of so-
dium, sulphate of soda, carbonate of lime, pro-
toxide of iron, free carbonic acid and azote.
These waters are employed in the most het-
erogeneous cases, and are serviceable where the
simple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu-
matism, gout, neuralgia, certain cutaneous affec-
tions, paralysis, &c.
Bath Springs, in Berkley County, Virginia,
is a mild carbonated water; temperature 73°
Fahr. It is a useful bath in cutaneous affections,
and is said to contain some of the salts of lime
and magnesia.
Ba'ther, Balnea'riuB, Balnea'tor, (F.) Baig-
near. One who bathes. Anciently, the name was
given to those that administered baths to the
diseased — the Etuviatea of the French. At the
present day, in remote districts in Germany, the
country people call their medical practitioners
B a d e r, or ' bathmen,' and Feldscheeren, or
* army barbers.*
Bathing, see Bath.
Bath'mis, gen. Bath'midla, Bath'mna, (0a^nis,
'base, support.') The cavity of a bone, which
receives the eminence of another, and especially
the two Foanetteg at the inferior extremity of the
humerus, into which the processes of the ulna are
received, during the flexion and extension of the
forearm.
Ba'thron, {^a^pov, ' a bench,') Ba'thmm Hip-
ptic'riitia, Scnm'nnm Hlppoc'ratia, (F.) B<mc d'
IJijtpmrale. An inBtrumeiit, UHod for the exten-
iion of a limb, in ca-ses of fracture or luxation.
The dcHcription of it is found in Galen, Oribasius,
and S<MiIti'iuH, with a figure.
Ba thrum Hlppoc'ratia, Bathrou.
Ba'tia, Kitort.
Batisie. Mineral Wa'teri of. Batisse is three
leaguiM Jroiii CUTmont, in France. The water is
tepid, und containM Kulxiirbouute and sulphate of
•odtt, iiulphat«'H of lime und iron, muriate of mag-
XtMia, and oarbuuatu uf lime.
Hfiions de Casse^ see Cassia fistula.
Ba'tos, {^aroi,) Rubus Ida; us.
Bat'rachus, (^arpaxoi, ' a frog.') Ranula.
Battalism'nS, Battans'mus, (fiaTTapi^tw, * tv
stammer.') Balbuties. Stammering, with inca-
pacity to pronounce the R.
Bat'talns, {ParraXos,) But'tarua. A Stammerer,
a stutterer.
Battarism'us, {fiaTTapwftog,) Battalismus.
Bat'tams, {^arTopoi,) Battalus.
Batta'ta Virginia'na, (see Batatas,) Solanuir
tuberosum.
Battemens Doubles, {battre, * to beat.') 8e<
Bruit de Coeur foetal.
Battement, Pulsation.
Baudricourt, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bandri
court is a town of France, two leagues and a hall
from Mirecourt. The waters are sulphureous.
Baudruehe, {* goldbeaters' skin,' from old (F.)
haudroyer, * to dress leather.') Condom.
Ban'hin, Valve of, Valve of Tul'pius, F. of
Fallo'pius or Fallopia, F. of Varo'lius,
Il'eocce'cal or Il'eocol'ic Valve, Vafvula II' ei
seu Co'li seu Cs^ci seu Txil'pi seu Bavhini,
Oper'culum Il'ei, Sphinc'ter Il'ei. This name
is given to the valve situate transversely at
the place where the ileum opens into the coecum,
and which Bauhin says he discovered at Paris, in
1759. It had, however, been previously described
by several anatomists ; as by Vidus Vidius, Pos-
tius, Ac. See Fraenum.
Baiime, Balsam — h. d'Acier, Balsam, chalyb-
eate — b. d' Aiguilles, Balsam, chalybeate — 6.
d'AmSrique, see Toluifera balsamum — b. Apo-
plectiqne, Balsam, apoplectic — b. d'Arceus, Un-
geontum elemi compositum — b. Aromatique, Bal-
sam, aromatic — b. Beujoin Benjamin — 6. Blavc,
see Amyris opobalsamum — h. du Brisil, Copaiba
— b. de Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. de Can-
nelle, Laurus cinnamomum — b. de Carpathie,
Balsam of Carpathia — b. de Carthaghie, see
Toluifera balsamum — b. de Constantinople bfanc,
see Amyris opobalsamum — b. de Copahu. Co-
paiba — b. Cordiale de Sennerte, Balsam, cordial,
of Sennertus — b. d'Eati d fenilles rideea, Mentha
crispa — b. de Feuillet, Balsam, green, of Metz —
b. de Fioraventi spiritueuse, Balsam, spirituous,
of Fioraventi — b. de Fonrcroy ou de Laborde,
Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde — b. dea Funer-
ailles, Asphaltum — b. de Galaad, see Amyris
opobalsamum — b. de Genevieve, Balsam of Ge-
nevieve — b. (?ra«c?, Tanacetum balsamita — b. du
Grand Caire, see Amyris opobalsamum — 6. Hy-
driodati. Balsam, ioduretted — 6. Hypnotique,
Balsam, hypnotic — b. Hysieriqne, Balsam, hys-
teric — b. dea hides, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — 6.
lodurS, Balsam, ioduretted — b. dea Jardins, Men-
tha viridis — b. de Lausanne, Balsam, ioduretted
— b. de Lucatel, Balsam, Lucatelli's — b. Marie,
see Fagara octandra — b. de Momie, Asphaltum
— b. Nerval ou Nervin, Balsam, nervous — b. ds
Perou, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. de Saitit-
Thomas, see Toluifera balsamum — b. du Samari-
tain, Balsam of the Samaritan — b. Saxon, Balo
sam, Saxon — b. de Soufre, Balsam of sulphur —
b. de Sympathie, Balsam of sympathy — b. ds
Tolu, see Toluifera balsamum — b. Travquille,
Balsam, tranquil — b. de Vanllle, Vanilla — h.
Vert, see Fagara octandra — 6. Vert de Mctz,
Balsam, green, of Metz — b. de Vie d' Hoffmann,
Balsam of Life, of Hoffmann — b. de Vie de Le-
liivre, Tinctura aloes composita — b. Vrai, see
Amyris opobalsamum — b. Vulnfraire de Min-
derer. Balsam, vulnerary, of Mindererus.
Bnnniier, fialsomier,
Baunsoheidtism'us. A kind of aoupunetura-
tion, proposed by an ignorant, unprofessional
person, of the name of Baunschoidt, a German,
which consists in impelling on the skin, by means
i
BAUKAC
BECHICS
119
of a spring, a brush of wires, but not so as to
draw blood, and then rubbing a stimulating fluid
into the part, having for its base mustard and
black pepper. It was suggested to the proposer
by the relief which the bites of gnats appeared to
afford him in an arthritic atiection. The instru-
ment has been called the Awakener, (F.) lUueil-
hnr, Revnlseur, on account of its energetic revel-
lent action.
Baur'ac, (Arab.) Nitre, or salt in general.
From this word comes Borax.
Baurin, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Baurin is a
village, four leagues from Roye, department of
Somme. The waters are strongly chalybeate.
Ba/ve {¥.), Sali'va ex o're flu' ens, Spn'ma,
Hu'mor Sali'vus. Frothy, thick, viscid saliva,
issuing from the mouth. This driv'eliing or alav'-
eriHij, we see in children, old people, Ac. The
term is, also, applied to the frothy liquid, which
flows from the mouth of rabid animals. Sauvages
uses it synonymously with salivation.
Bttveux, Baveuse, an epithet, occasionally ap-
p'ied by the French to the spongy flesh of a
\.round, which suppurates, and exhibits but little
tendency to heal.
Bay, Cas'tor, Magnolia glauca — b. Rose,
Rhododendron chrysanthemum — b. Rose, Ameri-
can, Rhododendron maximum.
Bay Rum, Spiritus myrcite.
Bay, Sweet, Laurus — b. White, Magnolia
glauca and M. macrophylla.
Bay'berry Bark, see Wax, myrtle — b. Tallow,
see Wax, myrtle — b. Tree, see Spiritus myrciaa.
Bdal'sis, ((SSaXing,) Sucking.
Bdel'la, {0^eX\a,) Hirudo.
Bdellat'omy, (bdelia, a,nd Toixq, 'incision.') See
Bdellumeter.
Bderiium, {^6tXKiov,) Myr' rha imperfec' ta, BoV -
choa, M ideleon, Bal'chns. A gum-resin, brought
from the Levant and India, and supposed to be
obtained from a species of Amy r is, little known.
It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown color, of an
acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odor. It was
much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little
employed. It is considered, by some, to be the
On'ycha of the Scriptures, which was burnt as
incense.
Two different gum-resins have been in the
shops, distinguished by the names Indian and
African bdellium. Dr. Royle was informed that
the former was obtained from Am'yris Gommiph'-
ora, growing in India and Madagascar. It is
sometimes called Adroba'lon. The latter is said
to be from Heudelo'tia Africa' ua, which grows in
Senegal.
Bdellom'eter, {06e\\a, 'a leech,' or ISSeWu), *I
suck,' and iierpoi/, 'measure.') An instrument,
proposed as a substitute for the leech ; inasmuch
as we can tell the quantity of blood obtained by
it, whilst we cannot by the leech. It consists of
a cupping-glass, to which a scarificator and ex-
hausting syringe are attached. The operation
has been called bdellat'omy, though this term has
also been applied to the making of an incision in
the side of the leech, to empty the animal of blood
while it still continues to suck.
Bdel'lus, _(/3(5£>Xoj,) Fart.
Bdelyg'mia, (i8rkXuy/^i«,) Fart.
Bdelyg'mus, {^6c\vyiioi,) Fart.
Bdes'ma, gen. Bden'matia, {(ideaiia,) Flatulence.
Bdo'lus, 06oXoi,) Fart.
Bead Tree, Melia Azedarach.
Beal, (like Boil,) Phlegmon, to Suppurate.
Beal'ing, Pregnant, Suppuration.
Bean, (Sax. bean,) Faba — b. Bush, Phaseolus
— b. Calabar, Ordeal nut — b. Carthagona, Ila-
billa de Carthagena — b Egyptian, Nyraphaea
nelurabo — b. French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b.
Garden, common, Viciafaba — b. Indian, Catalpa
^- b. Kidney, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Malacca,
Avicennia tomentosa — b. Pontic, NymphsRa ne-
lumbo — b. Red, Abrus precatorius — b. Sacred,
Nelumbium luteum — b. Snap, Phaseolus — b.
St. Ignatius's, Ignatia amara — b. String, Phase-
olus — b. Tonka, Dipterix odorata — b. Vanilla,
see Vanilla — b. Wild, Apios tuberosa.
Bean Tree, Catalpa — b. Tree, white, Crataegus
aria — b. Trefoil tree, see Cytisine.
Bear'berry, Arbutus uva ursi.
Beard, (Sax. beapb,) Burba, Po'gon, Genei'on,
Genys, Barbi'iium, (F.) Barbe. The hair which
covers a part of the cheek, the lips, and chin of
the male sex, at the age of puberty.
Beard, First, Geneias.
Beardless, Imberbis.
Bear's Breech, Acanthus mollis — b. Foot, Hel-
leborus foetidus — b. Fright, Heptallon graveolens
— b. Grass, Yucca filamentosa — b. Whortleberry,
Arbutus uva ursi.
Bear'weed, Veratrum viride.
Beast'ings, (Sax. byrtinj,) Colostrum.
Beat'ing of the Heart, see Heart.
Beaugency, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Beaugency
is a quarter of a league from Orleans. The wa-
ters contain subcarbonate of soda, iron, magnesia,
and lime. They are tonic and aperient.
Beaumont !Root, Gillenia trifoliata.
Beauvais, Min'eral Wa'ters of. These waters
are chalybeate. Beauvais is in Picardie, France.
Bea'ver, Castor fiber — b. Tree, Magnolia
glauca, M. macrophylla — b. Wood, Celtis occi-
dentalis. Magnolia glauca.
Bebee'ria, see Bebeeru.
Bebee'rine, see Bebeeru.
Bebee'ru, SIpee'ri. A tree of British Guiana,
the bark of which yields two alkalies — Bebee'-
rine, Bebeeri'ua, Bebee'ria, Bebe'ria, Nectand'riay
Bibe'rine, and Sipeer'ine ; and in its properties
resembles the Cinchonas. It has been referred to
Nectan' dra Jio'diei seu Eodise'i, the bark of which,
Nectan'dra, is officinah Ord. Laurineae. The
timber of the tree is known to shipbuilders by
the name bibiru or green-heart. The Siil'p}iate
of Bebee'ria, Bebe'rise sul'phas (Ph. B., 1867), is
employed in the same cases as sulphate of qui-
nia. War'burg's Fe'ver Drops, Tinctu'ra anti-
febri'lis Warbur' gi, War' bury' a Tinc'ture, an em-
pirical antiperiodic preparation, has, by some,
been considered to be a tincture of the seeds of
the Bebeeru, but this is questionable. By others,
the active ingredient is considered to be quinia.
Bebe'ria, see Bebeeru — b. Sulphate of, see
Bebeeru.
Bee (F.), Boa'trum, Beak. This name has been
applied to various parts.
Bee Coraco'idien (F.), Cor'acoid beak, is the
end of the coracoid process.
Bee de CuiUler, Haui'nlua. An instrument
used for the extraction of balls. It consists of
an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one ex-
tremity a small cavity, into which the ball is re-
ceived to be drawn outwards. See Cochleariformis.
Bee de Griie Musque, Geranium moschatum
— b. de Grue Eobertin, Geranium Robertiauum —
b. de Lievre, Harelip.
Bee de la Blame it ^er^ire, (F.) Beak of the
Cal'ainua Scripto'riita, is a small cavity at the su-
perior part of the medulla oblongata, which forma
part of the fourth ventricle.
Bee, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bee is six leagues
from Rouen, in Normandy. The water is strongly
chalybeate.
Beccabun'ga, Veronica beccabunga.
Bechaesthe'sis, (i8>?(, gen. j8»;:\;oj, ' cough,' and
aiadrjiyii, ' sensation.') The excitement or desire
to cough.
Beche de Mer, Biche de mer.
Be'chia, i&rix^a,) Tussis.
Be'chias, (/?>?\:'«';,) Tussis.
Be'chics, Be'diica, {^nXJ^Ka,) Decha, Bec'chica.
120
BECHITA
BELESON
Jie'chita, (F.) BSchiquea. Medicines adapted for
allaying cough.
Be'chita, Bechic.
Be'chium, {0t]\iov.) Tussilago.
BechorthopnflB'a,(^»7^, gen. ^nx'^s, ' cou^h,' oft^os,
'upright,' and ntw, *I breathe.') Pertussis.
Becquerel's Pills, see Pill, Becquerel's.
Becuiba, Ibicuiba.
Bed Case. A form of hysteria in which the
patieut lives in bed, under the impression that he
or she is sufifering from serious symptoms.
Bed, Hydrostat'ic, Water bed — b. Water, Ar-
nott's, see Water bed.
Bed'egar, Bed' egnnr, Bed'erjnnrd, Spon'gia
Cyii'ift'bati, Fun'yna Rosa'rum, F. Cynoa'bati, (F.)
Poinme mottiseuae, JEpont/e d'eglnntier. An ex-
crescence, which mjikes its appearance on differ-
ent species of wild roses, and which is produced
by the puncture of a small insect, — Cij'nipa Jio'-
««. It was formerly employed as a lithontriptic
and vermifuge, but is not now used. It was
slightly astringent.
Bed'ford, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bedford is a
village, situate on the great Western Turnpike
road from Philadelpnia to Pittsburg, a few miles
east of the chief elevation of the Alleghany
Mountains. The "Springs" are about a mile
and a half from the village. They are saline and
sulphureous. The most celebrated — the " Min'-
eral Spring " or " An'derson's Spring " — contains
carbonic acid, sulphate of magnesia, chlorides of
sodium and calcium, and carbonate of iron, but
none of these articles in great quantity; hence,
the main action of the water is diuretic. At some
distance from the Springs, there is a chalybeate
water; and about 10 miles S.W. of Bedford, at
Milliken's Cove, a strong sulphureous spring.
The climate of Bedford Springs is agreeable.
During the heat of summer, the nights are gen-
erally cool. In the morning of July 14, 1853, the
author marked the thermometer, at five o'clock,
A. M., at 45°. Three days before, however, it
was 70° at the same hour.
Bed'lam, (from Bethlehem, a religious house
in London, converted into a lunatic hospital,)
Morotrophium.
Bed'lamite, Insane.
Bed'ridden, Clinic.
Bed'straw, Galium verum — b. Ladies, greater,
Galium mollugo, Galium verum — b. Ladies, rough,
Galium asprellum.
Bee, (Sax. beo.) A' pis, A. mellifica seu do-
meat' ica, Melia'aa, Melit'ta, (F.) Abeille. This
insect was formerly exhibited, when dried and
powdered, as a diuretic. See Poisons, Table of.
Bkk in the Bon.vet, see Insanity.
Bee'bread, Propolis.
Beech, Fagus sylvatica — b. Albany, Ptero-
■pora Andromedea — b. Drop, Orobanche Vir-
giniana — b. Drops, false, Hypopitys lanuginosa
— b. Mast, see Fagus sylvatica — b. Nut, see
FaguH Hylvatica.
Bee'dy's Eyes, Viola tricolor.
Beef, Condensed', see Extract of beef.
BtBi' Es'sE.scE, 806 Beef tea — b. Extract of,
Borden's, see Biscuit meat — b. Juice, sec Beef
tea — b. Extract of, Liebig's, soo Extract of beef.
Betr Tea, Jna bovi'mnn. An infusion of beef,
moch used in debilitating maladies, and in con-
ralesoenoe. It may be made as follows: Take
two poands and a half of lean beef: cut it, in
f m-iM pieces, into throe parts of lonter'm an earthen
|. : .^111 : lot thiM siramor, hut nov«'r boil, until the
■ I'll r IB poHHumed to a pint and a half : then
strain carefully. It ought to bo entirely free
from fat or greaee.
lC*'»mu50 ofBtf, or lieefJniee — M it has been
<*l'«d — may be made by putting a pound of
good beef, freed from fat, and out into smnll
Into a porter bottle, corking lightly. The
bottle must be put into boiling water, and kepi
there until the water has been boiling at leasl
half an hour. As the boiling goes on, the coi-k
may be inserted a little more tightly, to retain
the contents of the bottle. The juices of the
beef are thus separated, and constitute the 'es-
sence,' which may be seasoned to the taste. Jt
contains much nutriment.
Been, Centaurea behen.
Beenel, Croton racemosum.
Beer, ([W.] bir,) Cerevisia— b. Black, sec Fall-
tranck — b. Chowder, see Chowder — b. Jews', see
Pinus sylvestris — b. Pipsissewa, see Pyrola um-
bellata.
Bker Springs, see Water, mineral (gaseous).
Beer, Spruce, Cerevis'ia Abi'etis, may be pro-
pared as follows : Take of Exaence of Spruce, half
a pint; Pimento, bruised; Ginger, bruisnd; Hopa,
of each, four ounces ; water, three gallons. Boil
for five or ten minutes; strain, and add of warm
water, eleven gallons; yeaat, a pint; molassea, six
pints. Mix and allow to ferment for twenty hours.
Used as an agreeable drink in summer.
Beer, Tar, see Pinus sylvestris.
Beest, Colostrum.
Beest'ings, (Sax. byj-tinj,) Colostrum.
Beet, Beta.
Beet'leweed, Galax aphylla.
Jii'ffoifineut, Balbuties.
Begbie's Disease, see Exophthalmia.
Beg'ma, gen. Beg'iuatia, (BrjyiJLii,) — according
to some, Breg'ma, {(irjmeiv or (iprjaaeiv, 'to expec-
torate after coughing.') Coughing; also, the spu-
tum or expectorated matter.
Bego'nia, (after Michel Begon, a French
botanist in St. Domingo.) The Begonia graudl-
Jio'ra and B. toviento'na have -astringent roots,
which are used in Peru in cases of hemorrhage,
scurvy, low fevers, <fcc.
Bdffue, Balbus.
Be'hen A'biad, Centaurea behen — b. Album,
Centaurea behen — b. Oflicinarum, Cucubalus be-
hen — b. Rouge, Statice limonium — b. Vulgaris,
Cucubalus behen.
Beiahalalen, Sempervivum teotorum.
Beidelsar, Asclepias procera.
Beist (Sc), (Sax. bypt,) Colostrum.
Beist'ings (Sc), (Sax. byptinj,) Colostrum.
Beist'yn, Colostrum.
Bejuio, Habilla de Carthagena.
Be'la, Covolam.
Bela-aye or Be-lahe. A tonic and astringent
bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-petit-Thouars
and Sonnerat think it may be substituted for tho
Simarouba.
Beladamboc. A species of convolvulus of
the Malabar coast, which contains au acrid milky
juice. From this a liniment is formed with oil
and ginger, which is used against the bites of
rabid animals.
Be-lahe, Bela-aye.
Bela-modagam. A kind of Scie'vola of the
Malabar coast, the leaves of which are considered
diuretic and emmenagogue.
Belandre (F.), ([D.] bijlander, from hij,
'near,* and land, * land ;' 'a vessel which coasts
along the shore.') A litter surrounded with cur-
tains, in which patients are sometimes carried to
hospitals.
Belch'ing, Eructation.
Beld, Athrix.
Bel'emnoid, Belenoid.
BelemnoI'des Proces'sus, Styloid processes.
Belenoid, Bel'onoid, BePemnoid or Bel'oid,
BelenoV dca seu Beh nniai'ileti Provea'aua, {^eXes, ' :iii
arrow,' and «A>j, 'shape.') This name has boon
given to styloid processes in general — Procea'ant
belrno'i'dea.
B6I^sme, see Bellesme.
Bel'eson, Balsam, Mussaenda froudosa.
I
BELILLA
BENJAMIM
121
Beliria, Mussgenda frondosa. 1
Beli'num, Ap'mm graveolens.
Be'li Oc'ulus, Bclloculus.
Bell, Can'terbury, Campanula trachelium.
Belladone, Atropa belladonna.
Belladon'na, (1.) ('beautiful lady/) in the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is the offici-
nal name of the leaves of Atropa Belladonna.
See Atropa belladonna.
Belladon'na Baccif'era, Atropa belladonna
— b. Trichotoma, Atropa belladonna.
Belladon'naB Foli'a or Foli'um, Atropa bella-
donna.
Belladon'n/B Ra'dix, see Atropa belladonna.
Belladon'nin, Atropine.
Bella'ria, {hellus, 'sweet,') Dessert.
Belle-blome, ('beautiful bloom/) Narcissus
pseudo-narcissus.
Belle Dame, ('beautiful lady/) Atropa bella-
donna.
Bellegu, Myrobalanus.
Belleregi, Myrobalanus.
Bell(bsme, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bell&sme is
about three leagues from Moutagae, in Prance.
The waters are chalybeate.
Belley, Min'eral Wa'ters of. The waters at
Belley, department of Ain, in France, are saline
aperients.
Bell'flower, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
Bellidoi'des, {bellis, and et^of, * resemblance,*)
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
Belli'ni, Tubes of, see Uriniferous tubes.
Bel'lis, Be/.' Ins, ('pretty,') Bel' lis peren'nia
seu mi' nor seu hoi-ten'sia, Si/m'phi/ticm mln'imum,
Bruise' wort, Com' moil Du'isy, Day's eye, (Sc.) Ewe-
gowan, (Prov.) Bairnworts, (F.) Paquerette vivace,
Petite Margaerite. Ord. Composita). The leaves
and flowers are rather acrid. They were, at one
time, considered to cure different species of
wounds. See Osmitopsis asteriscoides.
Bel'lis Hokten'sis, Bellis — b. Major, Chry-
santhemum leucanthemum — b. Minor, Bellis — b.
Perennis, Bellis — b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum.
Bel'lit, Athrix.
Bell Met'al, Gal'cocos (?), (F.) Airain, M6tal
des cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a
small quantity of antimony, used for making
bells. The mortars of the apothecary are often
formed of this material. They require to be kept
clean, to avoid the formation of verdigris.
Belloc'ulus, Beli Oc'tdus. A kind of gem,
which the Assyrians considered efficacious in the
cure of many diseases. They imagined that the
figure of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its
name, Bel's Eye, from the god Bel.
Bel'lon, Colic, metallic.
Bel'loned, (Prov.) Asthmatic.
Bel'lotas, see Ilex major.
Bellows' Sound, Bruit de soufflet — b. s. En-
cephalic, see Bruit de soufflet.
Bkl'lovvs' Sound, Fu'nic, Funic sotiffie, (F.)
Soiiffle fanique. A single murmur of the bellows
kind, synchronous with the first sound of the
heart ; heard by some observers, and referred by
them to diminished calibre of the umbilical arte-
ries, either by pressure or stretching of the funis,
or both.
Bellows' Sodnd, Placent'al, Bruit placen-
taire.
Bell'wort, Smaller, Uvularia perfoliata.
Bel'ly, Ven'ier, (from Ir. bolg, 'the belly, a
bag or pouch' [?].) At the present day the ab-
domen, (Sc. and Prov.) Wayme, Wame, Wenm,
Wem. Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities were
called hellies — the lower helly, venter in'Jimns,
being the abdomen , the middle belly, venter me'-
dius, the thorax ; and the vpper belly, venter su-
pre'mns, the head. Also, the womb. See Abdo-
men, Uterus, Venter.
Bel'lyache, Colica — b. Dry, Colica metal-
iica — b. Root, Angelica lucida.
Bel'lyband, Belt, Russian.
Bel'lybound, Constipated.
Bel'lygod, Glutton.
Bel'lyharm, Colic.
Bel'ly, Pot, Physconia.
Bel'lythra, Colic.
Bel'lytim'ber, Aliment.
Bel'lywark, Colic.
Belmus'chus, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
Bol'nileg, Myrobalanus.
Bel'oid, (jScAof, ' an arrow,' and eiioi, ' shape/)
Belenoid.
Beloi'des Proces'sus, Styloid Processes.
Bel'one, (0e\oi'r],) Needle.
Belono'des, Styloid, see Belenoid.
Bel'onoid, \^E\ovri, ' a needle,' and uhoi, ' shape.')
Belenoid.
BePs Eye, Belloculus.
Belt, Mercu'rial, Cingulum mercuriale.
Belt, Rus'sian, (Sax. belc,) Ventra'le, — vul-
garly, Bellyband, Abdom'i'nal snppor'ter, (F.) Siip-
porteur abdominal. A broad bandage applied to
the abdomen, so as to support and make method-
ical pressure upon it. Ditferent forms have been
termed obstetric binders, utero-abdominal support-
ers, &c.
Belul'cuin, (/?fXos, 'a dart/ and Afw. 'I draw
out.') An instrument used for extracting darts
or arrows. Many instruments of this kind have
been employed by surgeons.
Bel'zoe, Benjamin.
Bel'zoim, Benjamin.
Belzo'inum, Benjamin.
Ben, Guilandina moringa — b. of Judaea, Ben-
jamin — b. Nut, Guilandina moringa.
Benath, Pustule.
Benedic'ta Sylves'tris, Geum rivale.
Benedic'tum Laxati'vum, ('a blessed laxa-
tive,') Confectio senmie.
Benefice de la Nature, ('benefit of nature,')
Beneficium natura) — b. de Ventre, see Beneficium
naturiE.
Benefic"ium Natu'rae, (' a benefit of nature/)
(F.) Benefice de la Nature. This term is ufeed by
the French pathologists for cases in which dis-
eases have got well without medical treatment.
With them, Benefice de Nature, or Ji. de ventre, is
synonymous also with Al'vi profin'vinm; — a spon-
taneous diarrhoea, often acting favorably either
in the prevention or cure of disease.
Benel, Croton racemosum.
Bene'olens, {bene, 'well,' and olere, 'to smell,')
Eno'des, Suave'olens. A sweet-scented medicine,
as gums, (fee.
Beng, Bangue.
Bengal' Quince, see Covolam — b. Root, Cas-
sumuniar.
Ben'gal6 Indo'rnm, Cassumuniar.
Ben'gi, Hyoscyamus.
Benign', Beniy'ims, Eueth'es, (F.) Bhnn, B^-
nigne, (from bonus, 'good.') Diseases of a mild
character are so called, as a Benign Fever, Febris
benig'na inqm'tris, &c. ; as well as medicines
whose action is not violent.
Benin, Benign.
Ben'jamin, corr. from Ben'zoin, Benzo'inum,
(Ph. U. S.), B. ve'rnm, A'sa or As'sa odora'ta sea
du/'cis, Ben'jni, Ben'juin, Ben'jaoy, Benjo'inum,
Bel'zoe, Bel'zoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'racis Benzo'ini BaV -
aamum, Li'qnor Cyreni'avus, Cro'ton Ben'zoe, Ben
of Jndip'n, A'cor Benzo'inus, Sal Ac" idiim seu
essentia'li seu volat'ile Ben'zoes, Resi'na benzoes,
(F.) Benjnin, Baume Benjoin, Axsa doux. A res-
inous, dry, brittle substance, the concrete juice
of Sty'rax Ben'zoin, Ar'bor Benivi, Lnu'rus Ben'-
zoin, of Sumatra. The odor is extremely fra-
grant, and taste slightly aromatic. It is princi-
pally used for the preparation of the acid which
122
BENJAMIN
BETA
it contains. It is also employed in some vulner-
ary tinctures, and as an expectorant. Benzoic
Acid, Ac"i(lum Beuzo'iciim, is obtained from it by
sublimation. The purest Benjamin is in amygda-
loid masnea; hence called {F.) M enjoin amygda-
loide.
Ben'jamin Bush, Laurus benzoin.
Ben'jamin, Flow'ers of, Ben'zoic Ac'id, Ac"-
iduiii Benzo'icum seu Benzoyl' icum, Flo' res Ben'-
toes seu Benzo'ini, Ac"idum Benzo'icum per
atihlimalio'nemf (F.) Acide Benzoique, Fleiira de
Beiijoin, This acid exists in all the balsams,
but chiefly in Benzoin, from which it is obtained
by sublimation. It is in vanilla, canella, the
urine of infants, and of herbivorous animals. Its
odor is aromatic and fragrant ; taste hot, slightly
acidulous, and agreeable. The crystals consist
of white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile. It is
probably stimulant; and has been used, as such,
in chronic catarrh ; but it has little efficacy.
Ben'jaoy, Benjamin.
Jit'ttjoin, Benjamin.
Benjoi'num, Benjamin.
Ben'jui, Benjamin.
Ben Moenja. A Malabar tree. An alexiphar-
mic decoction is made of its roots, in the country,
which is much praised in cases of malignant
fever. Its bark, boiled with Calamus aromaticus
and salt, forms a decoction used in bites of poi-
sonous serpents.
Ben'ng, Sesamum orientale.
Ben'net, Herb, (from benedictus, 'blessed.')
Geum urbanum, and G. Virginianum.
Benotte, Geum urbanum — b. Aqtiatique, Geum
rivale — b. des Buisseaux, Geum rivale — b. de
Virgiiiie, Geum Virginianum.
Ben'zene, Benzole.
Ben'zin, Benzole, see AnECsthetic.
Ben'zoate of Ammo'nia, Ammonias benzoas.
Ben'zoated, Benzoinated.
Ben'zoe, Benjamin.
Benzo'enil, Vanilla.
Ben'zoin, Benjamin — b. Odoriferum, Laurus
Benzoin.
Benzo'inated, Ben'zoated. A term applied in
pharmacy to the incorporation of benzoic acid
with the other ingredients, in ointments, &c., to
give a pleasant odor to such preparations.
Benzo'inum, Benjamin.
Ben'zole, Ben'zin, lien'zene, Phe'ne, Hy'druret
of PJwn'yl, Hydrophe'nyl. A constituent of coal-
gas tar, obtained by distilling coal naphtha. It
is a colorless, oleaginous liquid of agreeable odor.
6p. gr. 0*86. The vapor, when inhaled, acts as
an aniKsthetic, and difl"used through the room
in hooping-cough. Benzole has also been given
internally, in Germany, for the destruction of
trichinae, and, mixed with four parts of lard, it
has been used, with advantage, in itch ; and it is
said to be very effective against parasites of the
Bkiu. It has, also, been employed in rheumatic
and neuralgic cases — u piece of cloth or paper
saturated with it being applied to the part.
Bf-quille, Crutch.
Ber'berin, see Oxyacantha Galeni, Coelocline
Polyciirpa, and Culuniba.
Bkii'ukkin, llvuitocHLo'uATE OF, SCO 0-\yacan-
thu (iaieni.
Berberi'na, see Oxyacantha Galeni.
Ber'berit, (from the Arab.,) Oxyacantha Ga-
leni — h. CanadeuHis, see Oxyacantha Galeni.
Berbi'nat ««« Oxyacantlia Galeni.
Bt-rcr, Hfra<!leuni spondylium.
Boren'daros, Ocimum basilicum.
Boreni'-cd, Su<Trinuin.
Bereni'cium, PotaKsu? nitras.
Berenise'eum, ArtciniHia vulgaris.
Bergamot', B>r,i,n,n,tf', Beryamot'ta, (P.) Ber-
gnmnu,-. A niiiall orange, of a very agreeable
U»t«, aad peculiar oiiur. From its rind an oil,
O'leum Berga^mii (Ph. U. S.), Oil of Bergamot^
is obtained, which is much employed as a per-
fume, and sometimes in medicine. In the U. S.
Pharmacopoeia (1873) it is said to be obtained
from the rind of the fruit of Citrus Limetta. See
Citrus mella rosa.
Jdergamottier, see Citrus mella rosa.
Ber'iberi, Beribe'ria, Syn' clonus Beribe'ria,
hidosyn' clonus, Paral'ysis Ber'iberi, (from beri in
the Singhalese language, which signifies 'weak-
ness ; ' therefore, beriberi, ' great weakness.' This
word is also said to be Hindusthanee, and to mean
a sheep.) Beriberi is an Indian disease, little
known in Europe, Bad sick'ness of Ceylon'. It
has occurred of late years, however, in other
countries, such as Brazil. It consists in debility
and tremors of the limbs, — sometimes, indeed, of
the whole body, — with painful numbness of the
afi"ected parts, <&e., — the patient walking doubled,
and imitating the movements of sheep (?). Some
authors have esteemed it rheumatic; others, para-
lytic ; others, to be a kind of chorea. It is a form
of cachexia, in which there is great muscular de-
bility and feebleness of the reparatory powers.
It is, almost always, incurable; is frequently
fatal; and is treated by exercise, stimulant fric-
tion, sudorifics, Ac. It is sometimes called Bar'-
biers, although this is by many considered to be a
different disease. See Barbiers.
The Ade7i or Ye' men Ul'cer is said to occur in
conditions of the system like that in Beriberi.
It affects the leg, assuming a disagreeable appear-
ance, and frequently sloughing. The Co'chin
Chi'na Ul'cer closely resembles the Yemen.
Bericoc'ce, {^cpikokkti,) Prunus Armeniaca.
Berkley Springs, see Bath Springs.
Berle Nodiflm'e, Slum.
Berlue, Metamorphopsia.
Bermu'das, Cli'mate of. Pulmonary invalids
are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but the princi-
pal objection to a winter residence there, is the
prevalence of strong winds ; especially of the dry,
sharp, and cold north-west winds, during the win-
ter and spring. Still, it affords a good winter
retreat for the phthisical, from any part of the
United States, provided due care be selected in
choosing a suitable locality. The neighborhood
of Hamilton has been strongly recommended
with this view.
Ber'nard the Her'mit, Cancellus.
Ber'ries, In'dian, sec Menispermum cocculus
— b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba.
Bers. A sort of electuary, composed of pep-
per, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, euphor-
bium, saffron, <fec. The Egyptians used it as an
excitant.
Ber'tin, Col'umns of, (after Bertin, a cele-
brated French anatomist,) Columna) Bertini.
Beru, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bern is in Cham-
pagne, France. The waters are slightly chalyb-
eate.
Ber'ula, Slum — b. Angustifolia, Slum.
Besa'sa, Ruta.
Beset'ting Sin, Masturbation — b. Trial, Mas-
turbation.
Besides, {bis, 'twice,' and cyclus, *a circle,' [?]
or from bis, and oculvs, *an eye' [?]), Spec-
tacles.
Besoin, (soiu, 'care,* [?]) Want — b. de Bespirer,
see Want — b. de la Vie, Necessary of life.
Bessauem. A word used by Avicenna for
redness of the skin, limbs, and face, produced by
the action of cold.
BesHon, ) (from bis, * twice,' and homo, * man,'
Bessonne, ] [?]). See Gemellus.
Be'ta, (from Celt, bett, 'red.') The Beet, Sic'-
nla, (F.) Befte, Betterave. Family, Chenopodese.
Sex. Syst. Pcntandria Digynia. A gonus of plants,
of which the following are the chief varieties:
Be'ta Ily'BUiDA, Boot vf Scare" iiy. Root red.
BETA
BEZOARDICUM
123
•utsldo; white, withia Very nutritive; yields
sugar.
Be'ta VtJl.GA'Ris Al'ba, White Beet. The root
yields sugar, and the leaves are eaten as a sub-
stitute for spinach.
Be'ta Vulga'ris Ru'bka, Red Beet. Root red
and nutritive; yields a small quantity of sugar.
Bet'ayne, Betonica oflSeinalis.
Be'tel, Pi'per Betel, Chavi'ca he'tle. A species
of pepper, cultivated in several parts of India.
The Bast Indians are in the habit of chewing
the leaves with lime and areea; and they give
the name Betel to this preparation. It is used in
all the equatorial countries of Asia. Betel is said
to be tonic and astringent. It is also called Bette,
B^tre, Bctle. See Areca.
Beth'root, Trillium latifolium — b. Broadleaf,
Trillium latifolium.
Betise, {bite, originally from (L.) bestia, ' silly,')
Dementia.
_Betome, Betonica officinalis — b. dea Montagues,
Arnica montana — 6. dea Savoyards, Arnica mon-
tana.
Beton, Colostrum.
Betou'ioa Aquat'ioa, Scrophularia aquatica.
Beton'ica Ofpioina'lis, B. pnrpu'reu, Vetton'-
ica, Ges'tron, Paychot'rophiim, Veron'ica purpu'rea,
Bet'ony, Wood Bet'ony, (Old Eng.) Bet'ayne, (F.)
Betoine. Order, Labiatae. Sex. Syst. Didynamia
Gymnospermia. Betony was in much esteem
among the ancients, who employed the flowers
and leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica, cephal-
algia, Ac. (It was so called, according to Pliny,
from being in great repute among the Vettones
or Bettones, an ancient people of Spain.) Anto-
nius Musa is said to have written a volume in
praise of it; recommending it in no less than 47
diflferent diseases. It has, however, little or no
virtue. The leaves are said to be aperient, and
the root emetic.
Beton'ica Paul'i, Veronica.
Bet'ony, Betonica officinalis — b. Paul's, Ly-
copus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus, Veronica —
b. Water, Scrophularia aquatica — b. Wood, Beto-
nica officinalis.
BHre, Betel.
Bette, Beta.
Betterave, (beta and rapa,) Beta.
Bet'ula Al'ba, Se'mnda, Birch, (Sc.) Birk, (F.)
Bonleau coniiaan. Order, Betulaceae. The young
leaves are slightly odorous, astringent, and bitter.
They are applied to wounds and ulcers. They
have been regarded as antiscorbutic and anthel-
mintic. The tree furnishes a saccharine juice,
which is considered antiscorbutic and diuretic.
A pitch obtained from it — O'leum betulse seu
Mus'ci, Birch oil — gives the par/um Russe or
peculiar smell to Russian leather, and is used,
like other forms of pitch, in cutaneous affec-
tions.
Bet'ula Emargina'ta, Alnus glutinosa — b.
Glutinosa, Alnus glutinosa.
Bet'ula Len'ta, Sioeet Birch, Black Birch,
Cher'ry Birch, Moim'tniii Mahog'any, is an Amer-
ican species, the bark and leaves of which have
the smell and taste of Gaultheria proeumbens.
An infusion is sometimes made of them, and used
as an excitant and diaphoretic. The volatile oil
• is nearly, if not wholly, identical with that of
Gaultheria.
jB««^rc, (contracted from /Sourwpov, (L.) butyrnm,)
Butter — b. d'Antimoiiie, Antinionium muriatum
— b. de Bambouc, Butter of bamboo — b. de Ca-
cao, Butter of cacao — b. de Coco, Butter of co-
coa — b. de Muticade, see Myristica — b. Vegetale,
Persea gratissima.
Beuvrigny, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Beuvrigny
is in the vicinity of Bayeux, in Normandy. The
water is chalybeate.
Bev'erage, (from [P.] breuvage,) Drink.
Bevilac'qua, Hydrocotyle Asiatica.
Bevue, {be, bis, 'twice,' and vue, 'sight,') Di-
plopia.
Bex, i&T]^, gen. Pvxos,) Tussis — b. Convulsiva,
Pertussis — b. Humida, Expectoration — b. The-
riodes, Pertussis.
Bex'is, (from bex,) Tussis.
Bexu'go. Under this name, a purgative root
was formerly introduced into Europe from Peru.
It is supposed to have been the root of a Hip-
poeratea.
Bez'oar, Bez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zahar, (Per-
sian p«, 'against,' and zahar, 'poison,') La'pic
Bezoar' dicus, Cal'culus Bez'aar, Enterol'ithus Be-
zoar'dus, Bez'oard. A calculous concretion, found
in the stomach, intestines, and bladder of ani-
mals. Wonderful virtues were formerly attrib-
uted to these Bezoars, There were two great
varieties : the Bez'aar orienta'le, An'imal Bezoar' -
ticum orienta'le, formed in the fourth stomach of
the gazelle of India {Gazel'la In'dica, or rather
Antilo'pus cervica'pru) : and the Bez'aar occiden-
ta'le. Animal Bezoar'ticmn occidenta'le, found in
the fourth stomach of the wild goat or chamois
of Peru. These substances were esteemed to be
powerful alexipharmics ; but the former was the
more valued. It was believed that no poison,
and no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease,
could resist its influence. As so many virtues
were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were
substituted for it ; and factitious Bezoards were
made of crab's eyes and claws, bruised and mixed
with musk, ambergris, &c.
Bez'oau Bovi'num, (F.) BSzoard de Boeuf, Be-
zoard of the beef. A concretion formed in the
fourth stomach of beeves ; also, a biliary calcu-
lus found in the gall-bladder.
Bez'oar Equi'num, Bezoard of the horse — b.
Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine.
Bezoard d*Alletuagne, jEgagropila.
Bez'oard of Cayman. This was once much
prized. It is now unknown.
Bez'oard of the Cham'ois, and B. op the
Horse, Bez'aar equi'num, Bippol'ithus, Ac, ex-
hibit their origin in the name.
Bez'oard of the Deer, B. of the Lach'rymal
Fassa of the Deer, Deer's Tears. A moist, highly
odorous, fatty matter, found below the anterior
canthus of the orbit of the red deer — Cer'vus eV-
ephas. It has been used, like castor, as an anti-
spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two
or three times a day.
Bez'oard of the In'dian Por'cupine, Bez'oar
Hys'tricis, La'pis Porci'nvs seu Malijcen'sis, Petro
del Poreo, (F.) Bizoard de Pore- Epic, was for-
merly the dearest of all the Bezoards, and was
sold at an enormous price in Spain and Portugal.
Bez'oard, Min'eral, Antimonium diaphoreti-
cum — b. Vegetable, see Calappite.
Bezoar'dic, Bezoar'dicns, (F.) Bezoardique,
Concerning the bezoard. Bezoardic medicines are
those supposed to possess the same properties
as the bezoard; as antidotes, alexiteria, alexi-
pharmics, cordials.
Bezoar'dica Ea'dix, Dorstenia contrayerva.
Bezoar'dicum Huma'num. Urinary calculi
were formerly employed under this name as
powerful alexipharmics.
Bezoar'dicum Jovia'le. A sort of greenish
powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an-
timony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid.
Bezoar'dicum Luna'he. A medicine formerly
regarded as a specific in epilepsy, convulsions,
megrim, Ac, It was prepared of nitrate of silver
and butter of antimony.
Bezoar'dicum Martia'le. A tonic medicine,
used by the ancients in diarrhoea. It was pre-
pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter ol an.
timony.
Bezoar'dicum Mercuria'le. A medicine, for.
124
BEZOARDICUM
BIGNONIA
merly vaunted as an antisyphilitic, and pre-
pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter
of antimony, and nitric acid.
Bkzoar'dicl'M Mineka'lk. The deutoxide of
antimony ; so called because its properties were
supposed to resemble those of animal bezoard.
Bezoar'dicum Satuu'ni. a pharmaceutical
preparation, regarded by the ancients as antihys-
teric. It was formed of protoxide of lead, butter
of antimony, and nitric acid.
Bezoar'dicum Sola'he. A diaphoretio medi-
cine, prepared of gold tilings, nitric acid, and
butter of antimony.
Bezoar'dicum Ven'eris. A pharmaceutical
preparation, formerly employed in lepra, diseases
of the brain, &c. ; which was mude from filings
of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric acid.
Bhang, Banguo.
Bi, Bin, (from bis, * twice,') as a prefix to words,
has the same signification as Di, twice, double.
Bibe'rine, see Bebeeru.
Bibi'ru, Bebeeru.
Bibito'rias, (bibere, * to drink,' because it draws
the eye towards the nose so that the drinker can
see into the cup, [?]) Rectus intern us oculi.
Bibliog'raphy, Med'ical, {0i0Xiov, 'a book,'
a.nd yi>a<pm, *I describe.') A description or his-
tory, or skill in the knowledge, of medical books.
The most prominent medical bibliographers
have been; J. A. Van dbu Linden, Amstelod.,
1662, octavo, (L.) — M. Lipenius, Francf. ad Moen.
1679, fol. (L.)— Gr. A. Mercklein, Norimb., 1686,
(L.)— J. J. xManget, Genev., 1695 to 1731, (L.)—
Tarin (anatomical), Paris, 1753, (F.)— A. von
Haller, Zurich, 1774, &c., (L.)— Vigiliis von
Cruetzenpeld (surgical), Vindob., 1781, (L.) — C.
G. KuHN, Lips. 1794, (L.) — C. L. Sciiweikard
(anat., phys., and legal medicine), StuttgarJ,
1796 to 1800, (L.)— G. G. Ploucquet, Tubing.,
1808 to 1814, (L.)— C. P. BuRDACH, Gotha, 1810
to 1821, (G.)— J. S. Eksch (since 1750), Leipz.,
1822, (G.)— Th. Ch. Fr. Enslin, (of Germany,
since 1750,) Berlin, 1826, (G.)— J. B. Montpal-
cos, Paris, 1827,(F.) — Ludwig Choulant (ancient
medicine), Leipzig, 1822, (G.)— J. Forbes, M.D,,
F.ll.S., London, 1835.— Ludwig Choulant (Bib-
liotheca medico-historica), Lips., 1842, (L.) — Ju-
lius RoSENBADM (additameuta ad L. Choulanti,
Bib. med.-hist.,) Halis Saxonum, 1842, and 1847,
(L.)— A. C. P. Callisen, Copenhagen, 1845, (G.)
— E. MoRWiTz, Leipzig, 1849, (G.) — Darembeug,
Paris, 1853, (F.)— A. Paui.v, Paris, 1872, (F.).
Bi'brott's Antidote, see Antidote, Bibron's.
Bicauda'lis, (bi, and cauda, 'a tail;' * double-
tailed,') Ketrahens auris.
Bicauda'tus, (same etymon.) A monster having
two tails.
Bicepha'liom, Dlcepha'linm, {bi, and ic£<paXri,
'head.') Sauvages applies this epithet to a very
l»rg«' sarcoma on the head, which seems to form
a douliii; head.
Biceph'alas, Dicephalus.
Bi'ceps, gen. Bicip'itin, {hi, and caput, 'head.')
That which has two heads. This name has been
particularly given to two muscles ; one belonging
to the arm, the other to the thigh.
Bi'cKPM Exter'wub Muh'citlus. The long por-
tion of the Tri'vepn linirkiu'lia.
Bl'CKl^ Flkx'oii Cru'ris, /?. Crn'rit, Ricepa,
n,repn Fem'orU, Flex'or cru'ria fibida'ris seu ex-
t>-rmi'<,{V.) Iticepa Crural, Ix'chio-feiu'oro-p^rouier,
(Ch.) A muscle on the posterior part of the
thigh ; one hwad arising from the tuberosity of
the iuehum, and the other fn.m a great part of the
liiica u»p<«fa. It \h ioHerted into the top of the
fibula. It HerveH to bend the leg on the thigh.
lU'rr.i'H FuKX'oit Cu'liiTl, Iti'iu-pH, It. lira'chii
>eu ma'n&a loa iuter'nua hcu iuter'iiua hn'meri,
Car'acoradia'lia, (F.) Srnpnlo-radial (Ch.), Hi',
•epa-liruchial. A muaolo situate at the anterior
and internal part of the arm ; extending from the
edge of the glenoid cavity and from the top of
the coracoid process to the tuberosity of the ra-
dius. It bends the forearm upon the arm.
Jiiche de Wer, Bedie de mer, Trejiawj, Sect
Slufj. A moUuscus animal, belonging to th»
genus Holothuria, which is caught among the
islands of the Fiji group, New Guinea, &c., and
when prepared finds a ready sale in China, where
it is used as an ingredient in rich soups.
Bichet, Terra Orleana.
Bichich'iae, (probably corrupted from /3>7|, gen.
/3i7\:of, 'cough.') Pectoral medicines, composed
of liquorice-juice, sugar, blanched almonds, <tc.
Bi'cMos, Dracunculus.
Bi'cho, Chique, Dracunculus — b. di Culo, Proc-
tocace.
Bi'chos. A Portuguese name for the worms
that penetrate the toes of people in the Indies ;
and which are destroyed by the oil of the cashew
nut.
Bicip'ital, Bicipita'Ua, {biceps — bi, and caput
— * two-headed.') Relating to the biceps.
Bicip'lTAL Groove, (F.) Coulisse ou Gouttilre
bicipitale, Coulisse humerale, (Ch.,) is a longitu-
dinal groove, situate between the tuberosities of
the OS humeri, lodging the long head of the biceps.
BiciP'lTAL Tu'bercle, Bivip' ital tuberos' ify,
(F.) Tuberosity bicij^'tale. A pi'ominence near the
upper extremity of the radius, to which the ten-
don of the biceps is attached.
Bicorne Mude, {bi, and cornu, *a horn.') Di-
trachyceros.
Bicus'pid, Bicuspida'tus, {hi, and cuspis, gen.
cuspidis, ' a spear.') That which has two cups or
points.
Bicus'piD Teeth, Den'tes Bicuspida'fi, (F.)
Dents bicuspideea. The small molares. See Molar.
Bid'dy, Pediculus.
Bi'dens Acmel'la, {hi, and dens, *a tooth,' in
allusion to the seed,) Spilanthus acmella.
Bi'dens Bipin'nata. An indigenous plant,
whose seeds and root have a popular reputation
as an emmenagogue.
Bi'dens Fer'vida, Spilanthus oleracea.
Bidet, (F.) Bidet; (pronounced beeday'.) A
small horse formerly allowed to each trooper for
carrying his baggage. Hence, perhaps, applied
to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be
bestridden. It is a useful arrangement, in case,
of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, afl'ections of the
sexual organs, Ac.
Biecho, Bische.
Bier'right, Tri'al by, see Trial by bierright.
Biftre, (Beer,) Cerevisia — b. Medicinale, set
Cerevisia.
Biest'ings, ([Sax.] byj-tins,) Colostrum.
Bifetufrro- Calcanien, Gastrocneniii.
Bifurca'tion, Bi/urct'tio, {bi, and furcn, 'a
fork.') Division of a trunk into two branches ; as
the bifurcation of the trachea, aorta, &Q.
Bigarade', see Citrus aurantium.
Bigas'ter, {bi, and yuarrjp, * belly.') Digas-
tricus.
Bigbel'lied, Abdominous.
Big'bloom, Magnolia macrophylla.
Big'bone, sec Kentucky, mineral waters of.
Bigem'inae Eminen'tiae, {bi, and gemiui,
'twins.') Quadrigemina tubcrcula.
BJgem'inal Bod'ies, Quadrigemina tubercula.
Big'gar. A disease of Bengal, remarkable for
the intensity and danger of the cerebral symp-
toms.
Big'leaf, Magnolia macrophylla.
Bigli'M, {bis, and oculus, 'an eye.' [?]) See
Strabismus,
Bigno'nia Capreola'ta, (after the Abb6 Big-
non, librarian to Louis XIV..) B. crucig"era ;
Nat. Ord. Bignoniaccio, indigenous. The root
and plant are employed, like sarsaparilla, in in-
BIGNONIA
BINOCULAR
125
fusion and decoction, in syphilis, chronic rheuma-
tism, and in cachexia in general.
Bigno'nia Catal'pa, Catalpa — b. Copaia, Ca-
roba — b. Crucigera, B. capreolata.
Bigno'nia In'dica. The leaves are employed,
in India, as emollients, to ulcers.
Bigno'nia Ledcox'ylon, Trum'pet Tree. A
South American tree, the sap of which is said to
be the surest antidote against the manchineel.
Bigno'nia Ophthal'mica, Eye root, Eye vine.
Indigenous in Guiana. The pulp or juice of the
root, dropped into the eye, has been used in oph-
thalmia.
Bigno'nia Rad^icans, Tecoma radicans — b.
Serapervirens, Gelseminum nitidum.
Bigorre, Wa'ters of, see Bagnieres-adour.
Big'paunched, Abdominous.
Bijou, see Pinus sylvestris.
Bikh., Aconitum ferox.
Bi'late of So'da, (from hilis,) Picromel.
Bilat'eral Opera'tion, (6/, and latm, gen.
lateris, *a side.') See Lithotomy — b. Symmetry,
»ee Symmetry.
Bilazay, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bilazay is a
town in France, two leagues from Thouar, de-
partment of Deux Sevres, near which is a ther-
mal sulphurous spring. Temperature about 77°
I Fahrenheit.
Bil'berry, ([?]blueberry,) Vaccinium myrtillus
— b. Red, Vaccinium vitis idaja.
Bile, Bi'UaFel, Cho'lus, Cho'le, Cho'ln, Ohol'er,
(F.) Bile, Fiel. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter,
. nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is dis
tinguished into hepatic and cystic, according as
it flows immediately into the duodenum from the
liver or from the gall-bladder. It is estimated
that 3i lbs. of bile are ordinarily secreted in the
24 hours. It consists of water holding salts in
I solution, with coloring matters, fat, and mucus,
the salts being especially those of soda, ammonia,
and potash, in combination with glychoch'olic
acid and tanroch'olic acid. Five different pig-
ments have been described in the bile, Biliphse'in,
Cholophfe' in, Bilipyr'rhin or Cholepyr'rhin, (F.)
Maiiire Jaime de la Bile ; Biliruhin, Biliverdin ,
Bilifua'cin, and Bilipraiiin. (See Cholochrome.)
The fatty matter chiefly consists of cholesterin or
cholestrin, combined with fatty acids and various
products of disintegration of tissue, as xanthin,
leucin, ty rosin, and hypoxauthin.
One use of the bile is to remove from the body
superfluous hydrocarbon; and it is also inser-
vient to useful purposes in digestion. Several
tests for the presence of bile in the urine and
©ther fluids have been proposed. See Urine,
examination of.
Bile, Furunculus.
Bile op the Bear, Gall of the Bear, Fel Ur'si,
was thought to be antiepileptic ; and that of the
Slel, Fel angiiil'lse, to facilitate labor.
Bile, Black, Atrabilis — 6. de Boeuf, Bile of
the Ox.
Bile op the Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox Gall, Fel
Tau'ri seu Bo' vis seu Bovi'num, (F.) Bile ou Fiel
ou Avier de Boeuf, was once reputed cosmetic and
detergent, antiotalgic and emmenagogue; as well
as to possess the power of facilitating labor. It
has also been given as a bitter stomachic and
anthelmintic; and as a tonic and laxative, in
cases of deficiency of the biliary secretion. Fel
Bovi'num 2Jii>'iJica'tnm, Pu'rified Ox Bile (Ph. B.,
1867), is made by mixing one pint of fresh ox bile
■with two pints of rectified spirit in a bottle, set-
ting aside for twelve hours until the sediment sub-
sides; then decanting the clear solution and evap-
orating in a water-bath until it has the consistence
of a vegetable extract. Dose, gr. ij. and more.
Bile Mepandue, Icterus.
Bile op the Swine, Bi'lis porci'na, inspissated,
has been used in the same cases as the bileof the ox.
Bilhar'zia Haemato'bia, (after Dr. Bilharz, of
Cairo,) Distomura hncmatobium — B. Magna, see
Distomum haematobium.
Bil'iary, BiUa'ris, BiUa'rius, Fel'leus, (F.)
Biliaire. That which relates to bile.
Bil'iary Appara'tus, B. or'gans, B. pas'snges.
The collection of parts that concur in the secre-
tion and excretion of bile — viz., the liver, pori
biliarii or tubuli biliferi; hepatic, cystic, and
choledoch ducts, and gall-bladder.
Bil'iary Concre'tions are concretions found
in some parts of the biliary apparatus.
Bil'iaky Ducts, Pori biliarii.
Bilia'tion, Bilia'tio, (from bilis.) The excre-
tion of bile; as urination means the excretion of
urine.
liilleux, Bilious.
Biliful'vine, {bilis, and fidvns, 'reddish yel-
low.') The coloring matter of the bile of the ox.
See Cholochrome
Bilifus'oin, {bili, and fuscus, * brown.') A
dark non-crystalline substance, similar in ap-
pearance to bilijyrasin, met with in gall-stones,
but not physiologically important.
Bilim'bi, Averrhoa bilimbi.
Bilim'bing Te'res, Averrhoa bilimbi.
Bi'lin, (from bilis,) Picromel.
Bil'iouS, Bilio'sus, Chol'icua, Chol'ius, Cholo'-
des, Fellin'eus, Epich'olos, Picroch' oloa, FeVleua,
(F.) Bilieux. That which relates to bile, contains
bile, or is produced by bile. An epithet given to
certain constitutions and diseases, which are be-
lieved to be the effect of superabundance of the
biliary secretion; as Bilioua tenqierainent, B.
symptoms, B. fever, but often used, without any
definite idea, as regards the bile, being attached
to it. Bil' iouanesa is the state of being ' bilious.'
■ Biliphae'in, (bilis, and ^aroj, ' of a dusky color.')
See Bile, and Cholophaiin.
Bilipra'sin, {bilia, and prasimis, 'dark green.')
See Bilifuscin.
Bilipyr'rhin, {bilis, and nvppoi, 'reddish.') See
Bile, and Cholophaein.
Biliru'bin, {bilis, and rubns, 'red.') A red
coloring matter in minute morphous granules, the
chief pigmentary ingredient in human bile.
Bilis, Bile — b. Fluxio, Cholera morbus.
Bilit'icus, (from bile,) Cholagogue.
Biliverd'in, {bilis, and viridia, ' green.') On
adding an acid to a solution of the yellow color-
ing matter of bile, a precipitate of green floccul:
takes place, which possesses all the properties
of chlorophyll or the green coloring matter of
leaves. This is the biliverdin of Berzelius. See
Bile, and Cholechlorine.
Bil'na, Min'eral Wa'ters of, see Piillna.
Biloc'ular, (6/, and locidus, 'a small place.')
See Unilocular.
Bilum'bi Bi'tingbing, Mains indica.
Bil'va, Covolam.
Biman'ual Ver'sion, see Turning.
Bi'manus, Bim'anous, {hi, and mnnus, 'a
hand.') One that has two hands. A term ap-
plied only to man, because he is the sole mam-
miferous animal that possesses two perfect hands.
Bin, in composition, see Bi.
Bind'er, Bandage.
Bind'er, Obstet'ric, see Belt, Russian.
Bind'ing, Constipating.
Bind'weed, Polygonum aviculare — b. Fiddle-
leaved, Convolvulus panduratus — b. Great, Con-
volvulus sepium — b. Hedge, Convolvulus sepium
— b. Lavender-leaved, Convolvulus Cantabrica —
b. Sea, Convolvulus soldanella — b. Virginian,
Convolvulus panduratus.
Bind'wood, Iledera helix.
Binkohum'ba, Phyllanthus urinaria.
Binoc'ular, Binocala'ris, {bin, and oculus, 'an
eye.') Relating to or affecting both eyes — as
'binocular vision,' — vision with both eyes; or,
126
BINOCULUS
BISMUTH
from impressions made upon both retinae, which
are amalgamated into single vision.
BinOC'ulas, Bin'ode, Diophthal'mica Faa'cia,
Oc'tilis dn'2)lex, (F.) (Eil double. A bandage ap-
plied over both eyes. It was also formerly called
Diophthal'mHa.
Bin'sioa. A Rabbinical term for disorder of
the mind. According to Van HELMOirr, an atrophy
of the organ of imagination.
Bi'o, (from /3<of, Mife,') in composition, life.
Biochymla, (bio, and ckymia,) Chemistry,
Tital.
Bi'od, {iitoi, Mife,') Vis vitalis.
Biodynam'ios, Biodynnm'ica, Biodynam'ice,
Bt'iisoph'in, {bio, and Svi'atm, 'power,' * force.')
The doctrine of the vital activity or forces.
Biogam'ia, {bio, and yaftoi, 'marriage.') Mag-
netism, animal.
Biogen'esis, {bio, and ycvsffts, * origin.') See
Archebiosis.
Biol'ogy, {bio, and Xoyo^, ' a discourse.') The
doctrine or science of life or of living bodies.
(F.) Biologie, Science de la Vie. Physiology.
* Biological phenomena,' (F.) PMnominea biolo-
giques, are those presented by living bodies.
Biolyoh'nion, Biolych'nium, {bio, and XvXviov,
*a lamp.') Innate heat, vital heat, animal heatj
Lych'nium, Lychnid'ium, Ther'mum em'phytum,
Flam' ma seu Flam'mula vita' lis sen cor'dia. Also,
a secret preparation of which Beguin and Bur-
crave make mention.
Biol'ysis, see Biolytic.
Biolyt'iCt Biolyt'ivus, {bio, and Xvais, * solu-
tion.') Relating to the destruction of life. A
'biolytic agent' is one that tends to biol'ysis, or
destruction of life. A depressing agent.
Biomagnetism'us, Magnetism, animal.
Bion'omy, [bio, and voftoq, 'law.') Physiology.
Biophaen.omenolog"ia, {bio, cpatvonevov, ' an ap-
pearance,' and Aoyof, ' a discourse.') Physiology.
Bi'oplasni) {bio, and n'Saafia,) Bioplanmic or
Germinal Matter, A term proposed by Dr. Lionel
S. Beale, to denote the living or germinal self-
propagating matter of living beings. A living
white blood-corpuscle or an epithelial cell is a
mass of bioplasm, or a bioplant, which is sur-
rounded by formed non-living matter, which was
once in the bioplasinic state.
Bioplas'mic. Relating to bioplasm, as the
bioplasraic substance.
Bi'oplast, {bio, and v\cmw, 'I form.') See
Bioplasm.
Bi'OB, (^lo?.) Life. Also, what is necessary
for the preservation of life.
BioBOph'ia, {bio, and (mpia, 'wisdom.') Bio-
dynamics.
BioBtat'ic, (bio, and static,) see Static.
Biostatis'tios, {bio, and statistics.) Statistics,
mc<lieal. »
Biotax'y, Taxon'omy, {bio, and rn^jj, ' order.')
The arrangement or co-ordination of living or-
ganisms, according to their external characters.
Bi'oM, {(iioTij,) Life.
Biothal'mius, {0io^aX^io(, from bio, and ^aAXw,
* I bloom.') One who is long lived, or enjoys
rude health.
Blothan'ati, (flw^awmM, from bio, and Savaroi,
'death,' or from 0iaioi, 'violent,' and ^avarot,
'death.') They who die of a violent death very
■addenly, or as if there waa no space between life
and death.
Biothanatorogy, Biothanatnlog" ia, (;3(0j, ' life,'
and 5<iraro{, * death.') The doctrine or consider-
ation of life and death ; as the * biothanatology
*f newlx.rn ohildnin ' of Caaper.
Blot'lC, (tfiwrot,) Vital.
Biot'iOB, Phyniology.
Blotom'la, {bio, and nim, 'Inolsion.') Vivisec-
tioii.
Bi'otot, (0t^t,) Life.
Bipari'etal, Biparieta'Hs, (F.) Bipariital, {bf^
and parietale (os), ' the parietal bone.') An epi-
thet for the diameter of the cranium from on«
parietal fossa to the other.
Bipari'etal Su'ture, Sagittal suture.
Bipin'na, {bi, and pinna, 'a wing-feather.')
A term used by the ancients for a diminutive
penis, not exceeding in size two quills.
Bipolar, {bi, and polos, 'the pole.') See
Neurine — b. Version, see Turning.
Bir, Thorax.
Bi'ra, Cerevisia.
Birch, (Sax. bipce,) Betula alba — b. Black,
Betula lenta — b. Cherry, Betula lenta — b. Sweet,
Betula lenta.
Bird Manure', Guano.
Birds' Bread, Sedum acre.
Birds' Nest, Hypopitys lanuginosa — b. Nest,
edible, see Hirundo esculenta.
Birk, (Sc. and Prov.) Betula alha-
Birmensdorff, Wa'ters of. These bitter wa-
ters, in Switzerland, resemble those of Pullna.
Birth, Parturition — b. Cross, Presentation,
preternatural — b. Live, see Born alive — b. Plural,
see Multiparous — b. Premature, see Parturition
(premature) — b. Still, see Still-born.
Birth'wort, {birth, and xcort,) Aristolochia —
b. Snakeroot, Aristolochia serpentaria.
Bische, Biecho. A malignant kind of dysen-
tery, which has often prevailed in the island of
Trinidad.
Bis'cuit, Biscoc'tus, {bis, 'twice,* and coctua,
'baked,' — (F.) bia, &n^ cuit, 'twice baked.') A
kind of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is vari-
ously made ; and, when without eggs or butter, is
easy of digestion. It was formerly called Dijjy-
ri'tea and Di'pyroa. Medic" inal or Med'icated
Bia'cuita, (F.) Biacuits Medicinanx, Masaepaina,
Macarona, are occasionally made by adding to
biscuit paste a medicinal solution or powder, and
baking the mass.
Bis'cuiT, Meat. An alimentary preparation,
proposed by Mr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas, which
consists in combining the matters, extracted from
meat by boiling, with flour, so as to form biscuits;
which keep well, and are of course nutritive.
Mr. B. has a preparation of the juices of choice
beef, which is sold under the name of Borden's
Extract of Beef. See Beef.
Biscuits MedicinaiiiK, see Biscuit.
Bisenna, Mesenna.
Bisermas, Salvia sclarea.
Bisferiens, {bis, and ferio, 'I strike,') Di-
crotus.
Bish or Bisk, Aconitum ferox.
Bish'op's "Weed, Ammi.
Bisk'ra But'ton, see Bouton d'Alep.
Bislin'gua, Ruscus hypoglossum.
Bismal'va, AlthsDa.
Bis'muth, ([G.] Wismuth,) Antimo'ninm
al'bnm, ChaV citas, Lu'na imperfec'ta, Stan'nutn
glacia'le seu cine'reum, Bisniu'thum, Wiainu'thum,
Beg'ultis of Bis'muth, Marcaai'ta, Tin glass, (F.)
Etain gria, E. de Glace. A metal, in spicular
plates, of a yellowish-white color; s. gr. 9-822;
fusible at 400° Fahrenheit, and volatilizable at a
high temperature. It is used only in the prepa-
ration of the subnitrate.
Bis'muth, Ni'trate op. Bismuth, subnitrate of
— b. Oxide of. Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. Oxide
of, white, Bismuth, subnitrate of.
Bis'muth, Pu'ripied, Bisnm'thum Purijica'tum,
(Ph. B., 1867,) (F.) Bismuth Purify. By heat-
ing bismuth with nitrate of potassa, any con-
taminating metals are oxidized and separated
from the bismuth.
Bis'muth, Reg'ulus op. Bismuth.
Bis'muth. Subcarb'onate op, B. Carb'onate if,
Biamu'thi Snbrarbo'naa, (Ph. U. S., 1873,) B. Cnr-
bo'naa, (Ph. B., 1867.) Similar in its properties
BISMUTH
BIVENTER
127
to the subnitrate, and directed to bo prepared by
a somewhat similar process.
Bis'muth, Subni'trate of, Bismu'thi Suhni'traa
(Ph. U. S.) seu Ni'traa, Marcasi'ta al'ba, Plum'-
biiin cine'reum, Magiste' rium Marcaai'tae seu Bis-
mu'thi, Bismu'thum Ni'tricum seu Suhni'tricum,
Ni'tras Suhhismu' thicum, Calx Viamu'thi, Biamu'-
thum oxydula'tum al'hum, Biamuthum al'bum,
Suhazo'tua hismu'thicua, Al'bum Hiapan'icuniyOx' -
ide of Bia'muth, Ni'trate of Bis'mnth, White Bia'-
tnuth, Trisni'trate of Bia'muth, White Ox'ide of
Bia'muth, Mag"iat€ry of Bia'muth, Pearl White,
Span'iah White, (F.) Souanitrate ou aousazotate
de Biamuth, IJagiatere de Biamuth, Oxide blanc de
B., Blanc de fard, de perle ou d' Eapagne. The
last edition of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia (1873)
directs that biamuth ^ij. be added to nitric acid,
§ivss., and diatilled water fjiv., and the mixture
set aside, diluted with diatilled icater, f^^x., stirred
and filtered. Carbonate of sodium, 5X., is then
dissolved in distilled water, f.^xij., and the solu-
tion filtered and cooled, the solution of nitrate
of bismuth added, the whole strained, and the
precipitate drained and washed. Nitric acid,
3VSS., and distilled water, f,liv., are then added
to the moist precipitate, afterwards diluted with
distilled water, Oiv., and filtered, and water of
ammonia, f^vj., added. The whole is then
strained, and the precipitate washed with dis-
tilled water, Oij., dried, and powdered. It is
tonic, astringent, and antispasmodic, and has been
chiefly used in gastrodynia. Externally it is used
as a drying application to ulcerated . surfaces, in
leueorrhoea, &c.
Formula) have been suggested, also, for the
preparation oi citrate of biamuth, SiU^ citrate of bia-
muth and ammonia, but neither of them is officinal.
Bis'muth, Trisni'trate of, Bismuth, aubnitrate
of.
Bis'muth, Vale'rianate of, Biamn'thi valeri-
a'nas, Biamu'thum valerian' icum. Prepared by
mixing a neutral solution of oxide of biamuth in
nitric acid with valerianate of aoda ; washing,
and drying the precipitate. Used in gastrodynia,
chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic palpi-
tation, as a nervine. Dose, ^ a grain to 2 grains,
three or four times a day, in pill.
Bis'muth, White, Bismuth, subnitrate of.
Bismu'thi et Am'moniae Ci'tras, see Liquor
bistnuthi et ammonise citratis, and Bismuth, sub-
nitrate of — b. Citras, see Bismuth, subnitrate of
— b. Nitras, Bismuth, subnitrate of — ■ b. Subcar-
bonas. Bismuth, subcarbonate of — b. Subnitras,
Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. Valerianas, Bismuth,
valerianate of.
Bismu'thum, Bismuth — b. Album, Bismuthi
subnitras — b. Nitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of —
b. Oxydulatum album. Bismuth, subnitrate of — b.
Subnitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. Valeri-
anicum, Bismuth, valerianate of.
Bispi'rus, {bi, and apiro, ' I breathe,') Dipnous.
Bis'sum, Hydrangea arborescens.
Bis'tort, Offic"inal, {bia, and torquere, tortum,
*to twist,') Polygonum bistorta — b. Virginian,
Polygonum Virginianum.
Bistor'ta, Polygonum bistorta.
Bistarte, Polygonum bistorta.
BLstortier, (F.) A name given by the phar-
macien to a long wooden pestle used for reducing
soft substances to powder, and in the preparation
of electuaries.
Bis'touri, (F.) Piatorien'aia gla'diua, Scal-
pel'lua, Scal'peum, Bia'toury. A small cutting-
knife, used in surgery, (so called from the town
of Pistorium, modern Pistoja, in Tuscany, which
was formerly celebrated for the manufacture of
those instruments. [?]) A bistoury has the form
of a small knife, and is composed of a blade and
a handle. The blade, which is most commonly
movable in the handle, may be fixed by a but-
ton, spring, <fec. When fixed in the handle, the
bistouri is called by the French, B. & lame fixe ou
dormante.
The chief bistouries are : — 1. The straight B.,
(F.) B. droit, in which the blade and cutting
edge are straight, the point being fine, round, or
square. 2. The convex B., (F.) B. convexe ; the
blade of which is convex at the cutting edge,
concave at the back, 3. The concave B., (F)
B. concave ; the blade ./f which is concave at its
edge, and convex at the back. 4. Blunt-pointed
B., (F.) B. boutonne ; the blade of which has a
button at its extremity. 5. The blunt or probe-
pointed Bistoury of Pott ; concave at its cut-
ting edge, and its point blunt; so that it can be
carried on the palmar surface of the index finger,
to divide the stricture, in strangulated hernia.
Sir Astley Cooper has recommended a useful
modification of this, to avoid wounding the intes-
tine, should it come in contact with the edge of
the knife. His Bistoury has an edge of not more
than eight lines in length, situate about five line*
from the point. 6. Bistouri a la lime (F.) ia
a straight bistoury ; the blade fixed in the handle,
the extremity with a button, and the edge made
with a file. It is chiefly used for dilating parts.
7. Bistouri Royal (F.) A Bistouri used in oper-
ating upon Louis XIV., for fistula in ano. 8.
Bistouri gastrique, (F.) A complicated instru-
ment, invented by Morand, for dilating wounds
of the abdomen. 9. Bistouri cache, B. herniaire,
ou Attrape-lourdaud de Biennaiae, For'cepa decep-
to'ria. A curved bistoury, the blade of which is
placed in a canula, whence it issues on pressing a
spring. — The word Biatonri is used by the French,
at times, where we would employ knife.
Bis'toury, Bistouri.
Bitch'daughter, Incubus.
Bithnimal'ca, Gas'teranax. Two unmeaning
words, used by Dolaeus to designate an active
principle supposed to have its seat in the stomach,
and to preside over chymification, <fcc.
Bitios de Kis, Proctocace.
Bit'uoben, Salt of Bitu'men, Padnoon, Sou-
cher/ooii, Khala mimuc. A white, saline sub-
stance, which is a Hindoo preparation of great
antiquity, and has been supposed to be the Sal
asphalti'tea and Sal Sodome'inia of the ancients.
It is used by the Hindoo in the prevention or cure
of almost all diseases.
Bit'ter, (Sax. bicep,) Amarus — b. Ash, see
Bittera febrifuga — b. Bark, Pinckneya pubens
— b. Bloom, Chironia angularis — b. Holy, Hiera
picra — b. Grass, Aletris farinosa — b. Kinova,
Acid, kinovic — b. Redberry, Cornus Florida — b.
Root, Apocynum andrusa)mifolium, Gentiana Ca-
tesbaei, Menyanthes verna — b. Sweet nightshade,
Solanum dulcamara — b. Sweet vine, Solanum
dulcamara — b. Welter's, Acid, carbazotic.
Bitte'ra Febrifuga, Quassia.
Bit'terin, see Quassia.
Bit'temess, Amaritu'do, Amarit"{ea, Ama'rot-,
Pi'cria, (F.) Amertume. A particular taste, which
belongs to many substances. In some diseases
there is a sense of bitterness felt in the mouth.
Bit'ters, see Amarus — b. Columbo, Tinctura
calumba) — b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianae compos-
ita — b. Wine, Vinum gentianae compositum.
Bit'tersweet, Solanum dulcamara.
Bit'terweed, Ambrosia trifida.
Bit'terwood Tree, Quassia.
Bit'tos. A disease, in which the chief symp.
tom is an acute pain in the anus.
Bittinie de Judee, Asphaltum.
Bitu'men, Glu'tinous, {mrra, ^ pitch,') Pis-
sasphaltum — b. of Judaea, Asphaltum — b. Judai -
cum, Asphaltum — b. Malta, Pissasphaltum — b.
Petroleum, Petroleum — b. Salt of, Bitnoben — b.
Solidum, Asphaltum.
Biven'ter, gen. Biven'tria, (from hi, and venttr,
128
BIVENTRAL
BLASTODERMIC
* belly,') Digastricus — b. Cervicis, Complexus
musculus — b. Maxillae, Digastricus.
Biven'tral Lobe of the Cerebel'lum, see Lobe,
biventral.
Biz'a America'na, see Terra Orleana — b.
Oreilana, see Terra Orleana — b. Orleana, see Terra
Orleana.
Bla'be, (/3A«i3'7,) Wound.
Blac'ciae, Rubeola.
Bla'cia, (ISXaKua,) Debility.
Black'berry, American, see Rubus fruticosus
— b. High or Standing, see Rubus fruticosus — b.
Low, Rubus trivialis.
Black Bot'tle, see Infusum sennse — b. Cancer,
see Melanosis — b. Damp, see Hydrogen, carbu-
retted — b. Death, see Death, black — b. Dog,
Hypochondriasis — b. Dose, see Infusum sennse
— b. Draught, see Infusum sennae — b. Drop,
Guttae nigra) — b. Eye, see Ecchymosis — b. Haw,
Viburnum pruaifolium — b. Leg, see Purpura.
Black Li'on. A term given to a sloughing
syphilitic ulcer, under which the British soldiers
sutfered greatly in Portugal.
Black Oak, Quercus tinctoria — b. Phthisis,
Miner's asthma — b. Pock, see Variola — b. Root,
Aletris farinosa, Pterocaulon pyc-nostachyum,
Leptandria purpurea — b. Sugar, Extractum gly-
cyrrhizic — b. Vomit, Fever, yellow — b. Wash,
see Hydnirgyri submurias.
Black'water, Pyrosis.
Blac'tiaB, Rubeola.
Blad'da, Buttermilk.
Blad'der, (Sax. blaebp,) Urinary Bladder,
Vesica.
Blad'der, Catarrh' of, see Cystitis, chronic
— b. Extroversion of, see Exstrophia.
Blad'der, Fascic'ulated. A condition of the
bladder, in which the interior of the organ is
marked by strong reticulated ridges or columns.
Blad'der, Gall, see Gall bladder — b. Hiatus,
congenital of, Exstrophia of the bladder — b. In-
flammation of. Cystitis.
Blad'der, Sac'culated, Vesi'ca. saccula'ta.
A condition of the bladder, in which the mucous
coat protrudes through the muscular, so as to
produce a hernia, which may go on increasing, so
as to form a vea'ical sac'culus or appen'dix
veai'cse.
Blad'der, Rup'ture op, see Urinary bladder,
Rupture of — b. Spasm of, Cystospasmus — b.
Swim, Air bladder — b. Urinary, see Urinary
bladder.
Blade'bone, Scapula.
Bla'doch, Buttermilk.
Bla'don Springs. Mineral Springs in Ala-
bama, about 86 miles from Mobile, which are said
to be similar in composition to those of Seltzer,
Spa, and Aix-la-Chapelle, of Europe.
Bla'dum (low L.), B16.
Blae'berry, Vacciniura myrtillus.
BlSB'sitaSt lilif'sd lin'gua, (/UXatroy, 'lame.
Stammering.') Some authors have used this
W'.rd as synonymous with stammering. See Bal-
buties. Sauvages understands by it a defect in
pronunciation, which consists in substituting soft
oouKonants for those that are hard ; as the z for
H, the D for T, the s for o and j, Ac. Also, Lisp-
ing, Tntulin'niud, Trau'lotes, (P.) liUniti, JilS,
(pnrUr). ^
BUeiop'odei, (/3Xaiwt, name.' and tov?, gen.
ii.An, ' a foot,') iioe Kyllowis.
BlflB'iopni, «eo Kyllonis.
Bla'iai, (/JAawoj, « lame.') A distortion,- es-
p.!';ittlly die outward distortion of the legs. Also,
a ••tumuiRrcr.
Hlafard{Y.), ([G.] blolch, 'pale,' and Farbe,
•color,') PnVlidiu, P.illUl'uluH. This epithet is
■umetimea given to the skin, when pale and dull ;
bat, more frequently, to the flesh of a wound.
when it has lost its color, and become white. The
word is, also, sometimes used synonymously with
Albino.
Blain, (Sax. blejene,) Bleine. A pustule; a
blotch ; a blister. In Scotland, a mark left by a
wound ; the discoloring of the skin after a sorft
Blak of the Eie, Pupil.
Blanc d' Argent, ('silver white,') Plumbi sub-
carbonas — b. de i?«^e('?*e, Cetaceum — 6. de 6'e«
rusae, Plumbi subcarbonas — h. de Orema, Plumbi
subcarbonas — h. d'Espar/ne, Bismuth, subnitrate
of — b. de Fard, Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. de
Kremnitz, Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de Krema,
Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de I' (Eil, see Sclerotic —
b. d'CEuf, Albumen ovi — 6. de Perle, Bismuth,
subnitrate of — b. de Ploinb, Plumbi subcarbonas
— b. de Zinc, Zinci oxidum.
Slancnvanger (F.), {blanc, 'white,' and man"
ger, ' eating,') Ci'bus al'bus, Leucopha' gium, Leu-
eoph'agum, Argyroti-ophe' ma. An animal jelly,
so called on account of its color, combined with
an emulsion of sweet almonds, to which sugar has
been added, and some aromatic. It is at times
prescribed as a nutriment in convalescence and
chronic diseases.
Blanc-raisin, Blanc rhazis.
Blanc Rha'zis, Blanc-raisin. An ointment
composed of cerussa, white wax, and olive oil.
Blan'ca, Plumbi subcarbonas.
Blanch, ([F.] blanchir, 'to whiten, to bleach,')
To whiten by depriving of the outer rind; as 'to
blanch almonds ; ' i. e. to peel them.
Slanchet (F.), 'a blanket.' A term given by
the French. Pharmaciens to the woollen strainer
through which they filter syrup and other thick
fluids. See, also, Aphthae.
Blanch'ing, (from (F.) 6ZancA?V, * to whiten,')
Etiolation — b. of the Hair, Canities.
Blanc'non Oriba'sii, Polypodium filix mas.
Blanket'ing Sys'tem. A plan of treating
patients in acute rheumatism by bedding them
on blankets.
Blanks, see Epilepsy.
Bias. An unmeaning term, invented by Van
Helmont to designate a kind of movement in the
body ; at times, local, — at others, under extra-
neous influence. Thus, he speaks of the BUu
meteo'ron of the heavenly bodies, and the Blaa
huma'num, that which operates in man.
Blas Alterati'vum, Plastic force.
Blas^ (F.), 'cloyed.' An epithet given to one
whom the abuse of enjoyment has prevented from
any longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure
from it.
Blast, (Sax. blaj-C, G. blasen, *to blow,*) Con-
ta'gio. The infection of anything pestilential.
The stroke of some sudden plague.
Blaste'ma, gen. Blaate'uiatia, Blaate'aia, (F.)
Blaatime, {^Xaarrma, from ^Xaaravut, ' I bud.') A
germ. The sense of this word, which is often
used by Hippocrates, is obscure. Castelii thinks
it means the eruption of some morbific principle
at the surface of the body. Also, the matrix or
general formative element of tissues.
Blaste'ma Pi'li, see Hair.
Blas'temal, or BlaSte'mal, Blaatema'lia, Blaa'
temat'ic, B/antemat'icttH, (F.) Blastfmatique. Re-
lating or appertaining to a blastema, — as ' blaa-
temal formations,' those that are formed from a
blastema.
Blaste'sis, (^XaarriaK,) Blastema.
Blastocar'dia, (liXnaTui, 'germ,' and xapiia,
'heart,') see Molecule.
Blastooe'lis, i0XaaTos, 'germ,' and KrjXts, *a
spot,') see Molecule.
BlastOCys'tinz, gen. BlaaU icy sting" is, {0Xatrros,
' germ,' and Kvariy^, dim of kvotis, * a bladder,') see
Molecule.
Blastoder'ma, gen. Blaetoderm' atis, {0XatfTO(f
'germ,' and dcpua, 'skin,') see Molecule.
Blastoder'mic, Blastoderm' i cut, (F.) Blasto-
BLASTOSTROMA
BLENNOSTASIS
129
dermique. Relating or appertaining to the Blasto-
derma, as bUifitodennic luembrane. See Molecule.
Bla3tOStro'ma« gen. Blaatostro' matia, {^'Smroi,
*germ,' and ffrpw/^a, ' a bed.') Tacheembryonnaire.
Blat'ta Byzan'tia, Un'gaiaodora'tua, {F.)Blatte
de Byzance. This name seems, formerly, to have
been given to a marine production from some of
the Conchylia. It had an agreeable smell, a red-
dish tint, and the shape of a nail. It was prescribed
in epilepsy, hj'steria, and hepatic obstructions.
Kondelet affirms that it was the production of the
ehell-fish murex or purpura ; and that the name
Blatia is derived from the Greek (iXar-roi, * purple.'
Slavelle, Centaurea cyanus.
JBlaveole, Centaurea cyanus.
Slaverolle, Centaurea cyanus.
Blaw'ing, Swelling.
Bla'wort, Centaurea cyanus.
Bla'zing Star, Chamaelirium luteum, Liatris,
Aletris farinosa.
Ble, Bla'dum. This word answers, in France,
to the word Goryi in England j i. e. any kind of
grain employed for making bread. Wheat being
most commonly used for this purpose, Ble is
sometimes restricted to it. Ble meteil is a mix-
ture of wheat and rye.
Ble Cornu, ('horned corn,') Ergot — b. d'
Wapngne, Zea mays — b.d'Italie, Zca mays — b.
Meteil, see Ble — b. Noir, Polygonum fagopyrum
. — b. de Turquie, Zea mays.
BI& (Parler), Blaesitas.
Blea'berry, ([?] * blueberry.') Vaccinium myr-
tnius.
Blea'cMng, ( [G.] bleichen, 'to whiten.')
Dealbation — b. Liquid, Eau de javelle.
Blear'edness, (blear, like Blain, [?]) Lippitudo.
Blear'eye, Lippitudo.
Blear'eyed, Lippus.
Blear'eyedness, Lippitudo.
Bleb, Bulla.
Blech'non, {^\rf)(vov,) Polypodium filix mas.
Blech'num Lignifo'lium, Asplenium scolo-
pendrium — 'b. Squamosum, Asplenium ceterach.
Blechrop'yra, {blechros, and ttu/j, M'ever.') See
Blechros.
Blechrop'yrus, Typhus mitior.
Ble'ohros, i&'^nxP^^' ' weak, feeble, slow.') An
epithet applied to different aflTections, and par-
ticularly to fevers. Hence, Blechrop'yra, and
Blechroaphyg'm la,
Blechrosphy g'm i a, (0Xfi\pog, and d^uy/zof,
'pulse,') A slow pulse. See Blechros.
Bled, {(rom bladum,) Corn — b. Avort6, Ergot
— b. Farouche, Ergot.
Bledooh, Buttermilk.
Bleed'er, see Phlebotomist. A term first used
in America, to signify a person suffering from
hajmophilia.
Bleed'ing, Bloodletting, Haemorrhagia — b.
from the Nose, Epistaxis — b. Boist, Cupping-
glass — b. Heart, Cypripedium luteum.
Blefed, (Ir.) Oram GhoiDiail or Biiidhe Chon-
nail. A terrible sickness or plague, which pre-
vailed in Ireland about the middle of the sixth
century. The names imply a disease which pro-
duced yellowness of the skin ; from Connall in
'Irish,' stubble or withered stalks of corn.
Bleib (Sc), Bulla.
Bleine, Blain.
BUme, (F.) (from [G.] bleich, 'pale.' [?])
This word has nearly the same signification as
Blafard. Generally, however, it includes, also,
; emaciation of the countenance.
Blenct/ston'hSe, (blenna, and cyatirrhoea.)
. Cystirrhoea.
I Blen'na, {^\tvva,) Mucus — b. Narium, Nasal
I mucus.
Blennadeni'tis, gen. Blennadeni'tidia, {blenna,
•^Tji/, 'a gland,' and itia.) Inflammation of mu-
cous follicles.
Blennelyt'ria, {bleima, and t\vTvov,'o. vagina
or sheath.') A discharge of mucus from the
vagina. Leucorrha'a.
Blennem'esis, Blennoem' eais, Vom'itua pituito'-
8U8, {blenna, and c/zeaij, 'vomiting.') Vomiting
of mucus.
Blennenter'ia, {blenna, and eirepoi', 'intestine.')
Dysentery,
Blennisth'mia, {blenna, and »ff5//oj, ' the
throat.') Inci-eased flow of mucus from the
pharynx and larynx.
Blennoche'zia, {blenna, and xc^tiv, 'to go to
stool.') Diarrhoea, mucous.
Blennocyst'ldes, {blenna, and KvaTii, 'a cyst or
bladder.') Bursas mucosaj.
Blennocystite, {blenna, Kvang, 'bladder,' and
itia.) Cystirrhoea.
Blenuo'des, {^Xewu^rn, from blenna, and odea.)
Mucous.
Blennoem'esis, Blennemesis.
Bleiinog"enOUS, Blenn<>g"enu8, Mucif'ie, 3Iu-
cif'icua, {blenna, and ytwam, 'I form.') Forming
or generating mucus. Breschet and Roussel de
Vauzeme describe an apparatus of this kind for
the secretion of the mucous matter that consti-
tutes the cuticle, composed of a glandular paren-
chyma or organ of secretion situate in the sub-
stance of the true skin, and of excretory ducts,
which issue from the organ, and deposit the
mucous matter between the papilla).
Blennoi'des, {blenna, and aJoj, 'resemblance.')
Muciform.
Blennoi'deus, Muciform.
Blennometri'tis, {blenna, /-iijrpa, ' uterus,' and
itia.) See Lcucorrhoea.
Blennometrorrhoe'a, see Lcucorrhoea.
Blennoplllogo'sis, {blenna, and phlngoais,)
Mucitis.
Blennophthal'inia, see Ophthalmia, (puru-
lent.)
Blennop'tysis, {blenna, and nrww, 'I spit.')
Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh.
Blenuop'yra, Blennopyr'ia, {blenna, and irvp,
'fire.') Alibert has classed^ under this head,
various fevers with mucous complications; as
Meaenleric fever, Adeno-nteningeal fever, <fec.
Bleniiorrhag"ia, {blenna, and prtyvvm, 'to
break forth,') Gonorrhoea — b. Genitalium, Lcu-
corrhoea — b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spuria — b. Pul-
monary, Bronchorrhoea — b. Spuria, Gonorrhoea
spuria.
Blennorrhag"ic, Blennorrhag"ic%i8, (F.) Blen-
norrhagique. Relating or appertaining to blen-
norrhagia or gonorrha'a.
Blennorrhag"ic Epididymi'tis, Hernia hu-
moralis.
Blennorrhagie Fansse, Gonorrhoea spuria —
b. du Gland, (gonorrhoea spuria.
Blennorrhee, Blennorrhoea.
Blennorrhin'ia, (blenna, and ^tv, 'nose,')
Coryza.
Blennorrhoe'a, Blennor'rhoe, Blennorrliag"ia,
PhlegriKirrha'a, Phlegntorrhag"ia, (F.) Blennor-
rhfe, {blenna, and peu), 'I flow.') Inordinate se-
cretion and discharge of mucus. Also, Gonor-
rhoea.
Blrnnorrhcf/a Chron'ica, (gleet,) see Gonor-
rhoea — b. Ciliaris, Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Geni-
talium, Lcucorrhoea — b. of Lachrymal sac, see
Mucocele — b. Luodes, Gonorrhoea impura — b.
Nasalis, Coryza — b. Oculi, see Ophthalmia — b.
Oculi gononhoica, see Ophthalmia — b. Oculi
neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — b. Oculi purulenta,
see Ophthalmia — b. Urethralis, Gonorrha>a, Cys-
tirrhoea — b. Ventriculi, Gastrorrhoea — b. Vesicae,
Cystirrhoea.
Blenno'ses, (from blenna.) Affections of tha
mucous membranes.
Blennos'tasis, {blenna, and araan, ' rest.') Sup-
pression of a mucous discharge.
130 BLENNOTHORAX
BLISTER
Blennotho'raz, gen. Blennothora'cis, {hlcnnn,
and -^w^u^, 'chest.') Catarrh, Peripueumouia
notha — b. Chronicus, Asthma huiniduin.
BlennotorrhoB'a, {hlenna, ouj, gen. wroi, ' ear,'
and ptu), 'I flow,') Otirrhoea.
Blennure'thria, {blenna, and ovpn^pa, 'the
urethra,') Gonorrhoea.
Blennu'ria, {blenna, and ovpov, * urine,') Cystir-
rhoea.
Blenny'men, gen. Blenny'menis, {hlenna, and
iuT)v, 'a moinbrane,') Membrane (mucous).
Blennymeni'tis, gen.B/enui/ineiu'tidis, Mucitis,
Blepharadeni'tis, gen. DLepharndeui' tidis, {blt-
phnro, iiifji', ' a gland,' and I'tin,) Ophthalmia tarsi.
BlepharanthraCO'sis, lilepkari'tis (janyrseno'sa,
Carbnncula'tio Oc'uli, {hlephnro, and anthracosis.)
Gangrenous inflammation of the eyelids.
Blepharelo'sis, {blepharo, and etXeuj, * I roll,')
Entropion.
Blephar'ides, {0\e(papig, pi. (iXefaptSci,) Cilia.
Blepharidoplas'tice, {blepharo, and itXaaaia, ' I
form.') Blepharoplastice.
Rlephariqtie, (from blepharon,) Palpebral.
Blepharis'mus, Nictation.
Blephari'tis, geu. Bfephari'tidis, {blepharo,
and ill's,) Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Gangrgenosa,
Blepharanthracosis — b. Marginalia, see Ophthal-
mia.
Bleph'aro, (from 0Xe(paf)ov, *an eyelid,') in com-
position, eyelid.
Blepharoadeni'tis, {blepharo, and aSiif, *a
gland.') See Ophthalmia tarsi.
Blepharoblennorrhoe'a, {blepharo, and blett-
norrhoea,) Ophthalmia, (purulent) — b. Neonato-
rum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infantum).
BlepharOCleis'is, {blepharo, and KXcKrn, *a
closure.') Oeclusion or adhesion of the eyelids.
Bleph'aroconjunctivi'tis, Blepharosi/ndesml'-
tis, {blepharo, conjunctiva, and iV/«.) Ophthalmia
aflFocting the conjunctiva and eyelids.
BlepharodyschrcB'a, {blepharo, 6us, 'with dif-
ficulty,' and ;(^f)oa, 'color.') Discoloration of the
eyelid. Naevus of the eyelid.
Blepharoede'ina (gen. Blepharoede'matis)
Aquo'sum, {blepharo, and oiStjfia, 'a swelling,)
Hydro blepharon.
Bleph'aron, {0\e<ltapov,) Palpebra — b. Atonia-
ton, Blepharoptosis.
Blepharonco'sis, Blepharon' cua, Blepharophy''
ma, Palpebra' mm Tii'mor, {blepharo, and oyraj,
* tumor.') A tumor of the eyelid.
Blepharon'cas, Blepharoncosis.
Blepharophinao'sis, {blepharo, and (pifiou), 'I
condtrict.') Congenital diminution of the space
between the eyelids. See Blepharostenosis.
Blepharophthal'mia, Ophthalmia tarsi — b.
Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — b. Purulenta,
Blepbaropyorrhoea — b. Ulcerosa, see Ophthalmia
tar8i.
Blepharophthalmi'tis Glandulo'sa, Ophthal-
mia, puruli-nt, of infants.
Blepharophy'ma, gen. Blepharophy' matis,
(blrnharo, and <i>vfi<i, ' a swelling.') Blepharoncosis.
Blepharoplas'ticd, /ilepharidopla«'tice, Innit"io
Vilio'rnin, Bleph'aroplaHly, {blepharo, and v\aa-
ntut, ' forming,' ' formative.') The formation of
a new eyelid.
Blepharople'g^a, {blepharo, and TrXnyn, * a
«trok«,') Hlepliaroptosis.
Blepharopto'sls, lilepharople'gia, Ca'xnit pal'-
orhriK tup^ri'/rit, Delap'Htm sou Prolap'aiia seu
Propto'ait Heu l*t»'iii» pnl'pebrie. Aloniaton hleph'-
aron, (blevharo, and rrru<r<f, 'fall.') A falling
down of th« miper eyelid over the oyo, caused by
a paralyiTlJI ot the Lemtor pnlpebne. nuperiorift
muscle. Thin paralyHin is an unfavorable symp-
tom. OM it i» generally connected with a state of
the brain favoring apoplexy or palsy.
BL.KI'UAKOI>To'Nlrt EcTUO'l'lUM, Eclropium — b.
Batropiua, Entropion.
Blepharopyorrhoe'a, Blepharophthal'mia pur-
ulen'ta, Pyorrhce'a pal'pebree, {blepharo, ttvov,
' pus,' and peut, ' I flow.') Secretion of pus from
the eyelids.
Blkpharopyorrhce'a Neonato'rum, see Oph-
thalmia (purulenta infantum).
Blepharorrhce'a, {blepharo, and /5£w, 'I flow.')
A discharge of mucus from the eyelids.
Blepharospas'mus, Bleph'arospasm, {blepharo,
and tnraapoi, ' spasm.') A spasmodic action or tic
of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.
Blepharostat (P.), {blepharo, and larrnii, 'to
raise.') A form of elevator for the eyelids, which
enables the surgeon to thoroughly expose the in-
ner surface of the lids and the parts behind them.
Blepharosteno'sis, {blepharo, and oTEiwrnj, 'con-
traction.') Accidental diminution of the space
between the eyelids. See Blepharophimosis.
Blepharosyndesmi'tis, {blepharo, awhanoi, 'a
bond,' and itis,) Blepharoconjunctivitis.
Blepharo'tis, Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Glandu
laris contagiosa, see Ophthalmia.
Blepharoti'tis, gen. Blepharoti'tidis, Ophthai-
mia tarsi.
Blepharoto'sis, Ectropium.
Blepharoxys'tum, Blepharoxy8'trum,{blepharo,
and (u<u, ' I scrape.') An instrument used, by the
ancients, for removing callosities, which made
their appearance in the afi'ection, called by the
Greeks rpaXwua, Tracho'ma.
Blephil'ia Hirsu'ta, Ohi'o Home'mivt, Hair'y
Horse' mint, {^Xt<papig, ' an eyelash,' in reference to
its hairy fringed bracts.) An indigenous plant
of the Mint family, Labiatae, which has the ar«»-
matic properties of the Mints.
BUsite, Blaositas.
Bles'sed Herb, Geum urbanum.
Blessnre, (from irXipanv, * to strike.') Abor-
tion, Wound.
Blestris'mus, {PXrtcn-ptcfioi,) Restlessness of the
sick.
Ble'ta. A word used by Paracelsus for white
or milky urine, arising from diseased kidneys.
Biota alba has the same meaning.
Bleu de Berlin, (' Berlin blue,') Prussian blue
— b. de Prvsse, Prussian blue.
Bleuet des Moissona, (' blue bottle of the har-
vests,') Cyanus segetum.
Bl^ville, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bl^ville is a
village about two miles from Havre. The waters
are acidulous chalybeate.
Blight in the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal.
Palsy of the orbicularis palpebrarum and mus-
cles of the eyebrow is also vulgarly called bliyht.
Blights, see Lichen urticatus.
Blind'ness, (from Sax. blmb,) Caecitas — b.
Color, Achromatopsia — b. Day, Nyctalopia — b.
Lightning, see Lightning • — b. Moon, Hemeral-
opia — b. Nervous, Amaurosis — b. Night, Hem-
eralopia — b. Snow, see Snow blindness.
Blis'ter, (D. hlnyster; Sax. bla^pcan, 'to puff,')
Vesicato'rinm, Emplas'trum Vesicnto'rimn seu Lyt'-
tap, EpiHjtas'ticum, Ves'icant, Blis'ter plus'ter, {V.)
Vesivatoire, Visicant. Any substance which,
when applied to the skin, irritates it, and occa-
sions a serous secretion, raising the epidermis,
and inducing a vesicle. Various articles produce
this eff"ect, as cantharides, mustard, garou, euphor-
bium, i/arlic, ammonia, Ac. Blisters are used as
counterirritants. By exciting a disease artifi-
cially on the surface, we can often remove another
which may be at the time existing internally. A
blister np{)licd for a few hours to produce this
efl'ect is termed by the French Vfsicatoire volunt,
'a flying blister.' A perpetual blister is one that
is kept open for a longer or a shorter time by
means of appropriate dressings.
Bms'tkr, (Prov.) Ercle, also means the veticU \
or resivntion from vesicatories or other causes. i
Blis'ter Bee'tle, Cantharis.
BLISTER
BLOOD
131
Blis'ter, Fe'ver, see Fever blister — b. Fly,
Cantharis.
Blis'ter Plas'ter, Blister.
Bjlis'ter, Ma«"isthal, (F.) Vesicatoire magin-
tral. A prompt means of producing vesication
recommended by M. Valleix. It is prepared as
fellows : — Take powdered cuutharides amdwlteat-
fiour, of each equal parts; vinegar, a sufficient
quantity to form a soft paste.
Blis'ters, White, Rupia escharotica.
Blis'tering Fly, Cantharis — b- Liquid, Li-
quor epispasticus — b. Paper, see Sparadrapum
vesicatorium — b. Tissue, Sparadrapum vesicato-
rium.
Blis'tcrweed, Ranunculus acris.
Bli'tum America'num, Phytolacca decandra.
Block Teeth, see Teeth, block.
Blood, (Sax. blob, from bleban, *to bleed,')
Sdn'guis, Gru'or, La'pis anima'lia, Hre'ma, (Old
Eng.) /ilede, (F.) Sang. An animal fluid formed
chiefly from the chyle; acquiring important prop-
erties during respiration,- entering every organ
through the circulation ; distributing the nutri-
tive principles to every texture, and the source
of every secretion. The blood is white in the
molluscous and inferior animals, which have
been, hence, called tohite-blooiled, to distinguish
them from the red-blooded, which class includes
the mammalia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. Hu-
man blood is composed of water, albumen, fibrin,
corpuscles, an animal coloring substance, fatty
matters, serolin, and cholesterin — and different
gaits, as chlorides of potassium and sodium, phos-
phate of lime, subcarbonate of soda, lime, mag-
nesia, oxide of iron, lactate of soda, <fec., with
extractive matter. Arterial blood is of a florid
red color, strong smell; s. g. 1'049. Venous blood
is of a brownish red; s. g. 1-051. The diff"er-
ence in color has given occasion to the first
being called red blood; the latter, black. The
former, which is distributed from the heart, is
nearly the same through its whole extent: the
latter is the remains of the arterial blood after
the different elements have been taken from it in
nutrition, with the addition of the products of
absorption. Blood, taken from a vessel and left
to itself, becomes solid, and separates into two
distinct parts, — the se'rum or watery supernatant
fluid; and the cru'or, coag' alum, crasaamen'ttim,
he' par seaplacen'ta san'guinis, placen'ta cruo'ris,
in'aula, throm'bua, or clot. The serum is chiefly
water holding albumen in solution and the salts
of the blood. The clot contains the fibrin, col-
oring matter — huematiriy a little serum, and a
small quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the
blood to be composed — in 1000 parts — of water,
785-590; albumen, 69-415; fibrin, 3-565; color-
ing matter, 119-626; crystallizable fatty matter,
4*300; oily matter, 2-270; extractive matter sol-
uble in alcohol and water, 1-920; albumen com-
bined with soda, 2-010; chlorides of sodium and
potassium; alkaline phosphates, sulphates, and
subcarbonates, 7-304; subcarbonate of lime and
magnesia, phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron,
peroxide of iron, 1-414; loss, 2-586. The four
principal components of the blood are fibrin,
albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter. In the
circulating blood they are thus combined —
Fibrin,
Albumen,
Salts,
}■"
solution forming Liquor Sanguinis;
red and white Corpuscles, suspended in the Li-
quor Sanguinis.
In coagulated blood they are thus combined :
Fibrin, 1 Forming the crassa-
Red and white Corpuscles, j mentum or clot.
Albumen, ) Remaining in solution, forming
Salts, I serum.
The fallowing table exhibits the computations
of different physiologists regarding the weight
of the circulating fluid — arterial and venous.
Harvey, 1
Lister, 1 lbs.
Moiilins, f 8
Abildguard, J
Blumenbach, 1
Lobb, Y 10
Lower, and Lewes,)
Sprengel 10 to 15
Uiinther and Bock 15 to 20
Blake 163^ to 18%
Weber aud Lehuianu 17j/^ to 19
Miiller, liurdacb, and P. Beiard 20
Wagner 20 to 25
Quesiiai 27
F. Hoffmann 28
Haller "28 to 30
Young 40
Hamberger 80
Keill .100
The estimates of Giinther, Bock, and Blake are
probably approximations to the truth.
The proportion of arterial blood to venous is
about 4 to 9.
Much attention has been paid to the varying
condition of the blood in disease. The average
proportion of each of the organic elements in
1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, ac-
cording to Le Canu, and MM. Andral and Ga-
varret: — fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 127; solid
m-atter of the serum, 80 ; water, 790 ; but in in-
flammation the amount of fibrin may be increased
to 10, and the albumen diminished, as it is in
Bright's diii-ease, Ac. ; and in fevers, &c., the
fibrin diminished in quantity. Blood clots may
become softened, and by breaking up become
causes of obstruction in the vessels. (See Embo-
lism, and Thrombosis.)
Dried human blood was, at one time, considered
to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried, San'-
guis hir'ci sicca'tus, sudorific and antipleuritic.
The dried blood "of the ox — Extrac'tum San'-
guinis Bovi'ui — and the dried red corpuscles
have been given as analeptics, especially where
there was a deficiency of red corpuscles.
Blood, Arte'rial, see Blood — b. Black, see
Blood — b. Black, vascular system of, see Vascular.
Blood Cal'culi, see Pseudoealculi — b. Casein,
Globulin.
Blood Casts. Casts of the renal tubes formed
by coagulated blood, seen in examining the urine
microscopically, in hemorrhage from the secreting
portion of the kidney.
Blood Cells, Globules of the blood — b. Char-
coal, see Charcoal — b. Circulation of, see Circu-
lation — b. Coloring matter of, see Globules of ihe
blood — b. Corpuscles, Globules of the blood —
b. Crystals, Hscmatoidin.
Blood Disease. Any morbid condition, the
nateries viorbi of which is presumed to exist in
the blood. Many — most, if not all — such diseases
are rather dependent upon diseased cell action ;
which may be caused, however, by a modified
condition of the blood. See Haematonosus.
Blood Disks, Globules of the blood.
Blood, Dried, see Blood.
Blood Funk'ers, see Haematophobia — b.
Glands, see Ganglion.
Blood, Inflam'matory, see Hsemitis — b. Loss
of, Haimorrhagia — b. Menstrual, see Menses.
Blood Pic'tures. A picture or small pattern
network, speedily formed by human blood under
the microscope, distinguishable from that formed
by other animals, which takes place more slowly
with a larger pattern ; a fact discovered by Neu-
mann.
Blood Pois'oning. A presumed condition of
the blood, in which its constitution is modified by
the reception into it of substances that render it
noxious or unfit for healthy nutrition.
132
BLOOD
BODY
Blood, Red, see Blood — h. Red, system of, see
Vascular — b. Sounds, see Murmur, arterial — b.
SpitliDg of, Htemoptysis.
Blood Stains. Wheu spots are supposed to
tonsist of blood, the microscope, spectrum aoaly-
sis, chemical tests, as glacial acetic acid and
chloride of sodium, guiacum, &c., are appealed to
in order to determine the fact, and if so, whether
they be of human blood.
Blood Tubes, see Arteries and Veins — b.
Venous, see Blood — b. Vomiting of, Hajmateme-
sis — b. White, Lymph.
Blood'ing, Bloodletting.
Blood'lessness, Ana)uua.
Bloodletting, Mia'aio seu Detrac'tio San'gui-
nia, Hieiaax' is, Cataschaa'mus, Blood'ing, Bleed' -
ing, Let' ting blood, (F.) Saignee, Eniiasion aan-
guine. A discharge of a certain quantity of blood
produced by art : an operation which consists in
making an opening into a vessel to draw or let
blood from it. When practised on an artery, it
is called Arterioi'oniy ; on a vein, Phlehot'omy,
Vemeaec'tio, Veneaec' tion, Breath'ing a vein, and
on the capillary vessels, lo'cal or cap'illary, in
contradistinction to the former, which is termed
gen'eral. Bloodletting is used both during the
existence of a disease, as in inflammation, and in
the way of prophylaxis. It is employed to fulfil
various indications. 1. To diminish the actual
mass of blood ; — when it is termed, by the French
pathologists, SaignSe evacuafive. In such case,
fluids ought not to be allowed too freely after-
wards. 2. To diminish the turgescence in any
particular organ — (F.) Saignee rSvulsive, lievul'-
aive bloodletting or bleeding, Venseaee'tio revulso'ria,
wheu performed far from the part affected ; and
Saignee derivative, when near. 3. To diminish
the corpuscles of the blood, (F.) SaignSe apolia-
tive, Spo'liative Phlebot'omy. The immediate ef-
fects of bloodletting are : diminution of the mass
of blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse, and
sometimes syncope. Bloodletting from the veins
— phlebotomy — is practised on the subcutaneous
veins of the neck, the face, the forearm, and the
leg ; sometimes on those of the hand or foot. The
necessary apparatus consists of a bandage or
riband, a compress of rag, and a lancet or fleam.
The veins selected for the operation, are, 1. In
the fold of the arm, five; — the cephalic, basilic,
the two median, and the anterior cubital. 2. In
the hand, the cephalic and salvatella. 3. In the
foot, the great and little saphena. 4. In the neck,
the external jugular. 5. In the forehead, ihQ
frontal. 6. In the mouth, the ranine. The op-
eration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed
by tying a circular bandage rouud the limb, in
order that the subcutaneous veins may become
turgid by the course of the blood being obstructed ;
the bandage not being so tight, however, as to
oompross the arteries of the limb. A puncture is
made into the vein, and the desired quantity al-
lowed to flow. The ligature is now removed,
Md a oompreas and retaining bandage applied.
Cap diary or lo'cal bloodletting, arteriophlebot'-
omy, IB practised on the skin or mucous mem-
branes, by moans of leeches, tlio lancet, or cuppin<r
Bl.ooD'LBTTi.vo,CAi''iLLAitr, See Bloodletting—
I>Y'7,l'v«» »eo Bloodletting -b. Evacuative,
•ee Bloodletting — b. General, see BloodlettiuK-^
b. Local, 800 liloodletting - b. Revulsive, see
Bloodletting — b. Spoliativo, see Bloodletting.
Blood'Iike, Sanguine. *
Bloodliq'uor, Liquur sanguinis.
Blood root, Sanguiiiaria CanadensiB.
Blood'ihot, llyperiumio.
Blood'gtone, Ilmmatitos.
Blood Btroke, Coup-dc-sang.
BloodveB'icle, (ilobulo of the blood.
Blood vei»el, (F.) Vni,,eau aunguin. A vessel
oeBlLUitd tu Guutaiu and convey blood.
Blood'vessel, Break'ing, Burst'ing, Rur''
TURING OF A. Hsemorrhagla.
Blood'weed, Asclepias curassavica.
Blood'wort, llieracium venosum, Sanguinaria
Canadensis.
Blood'y, Hsemac'tna, Hmmat'icua, Sanguin' eica,
Gruen'tus, Savguin'eoua, (F.) Sangiiin, Having tha
character of blood. Relating to blood. See
Sanguine.
Blood'y Flux, Dysentery.
Bloom, Hon'ey, Apocjnum androsa;mifolium.
Bloss'burg Min'eral Springs. The town of
Blossburg is in Tioga County, Pa., 133 miles nortk
of Harrisburg. The waters contain free sulphuric
acid, and sulphates of iron, alumina, and mag*
nesia, and are astringent and tonic.
Blos'som, see Grog-blossom.
Blo'ta Al'ba, Bleta.
Blotch, (from blot [?].) (Prov.) Splav'in, Sprote.
A pustule ; more commonly, an eruption of a
large kind.
Blow, Ic'tua, Pla'ge, (F.) Conp. Effect pro-
duced by one body striking another. The im-
pression made by any body which strikes us, or
against which we strike; — a common cause of
wounds, contusions, fractures, &c.
Blowing Sound, Bruit de Souffle — b. s. Dif-
fused, see Murmur, respiratory.
Blue'bells, Gentiana Catesbaei.
Blue'berry, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Lan-
tana — b. Low, Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum.
Blue'bonnets, Centaurea eyanus.
Blue'bottle, Centaureacyanus,Cyanus segetum.
Blue Disease, Cyanosis.
Bluelicks, see Kentucky, Mineral Waters of.
Blue Mass, Pilula^ hydrargyri — b. Stone, Cu-
pri sulphas.
JBlties, Hypochondriasis.
Uluet, {' blue bottle,') Centaurea eyanus.
JBluet des MaLssons, {' blue bottle of the har-
vests,') Cyanus segetum.
Bluit'er (Sc), Borborygmus.
Blush, (D. bias,) see Flush — b. Cutaneous, see
Efflorescence — b. Inflammatory, Erythema.
Blut'ter (Sc), Borborygmus.
Bo'a, Boi'a. An eruption of red, ichorous
pimples. See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina.
Bo'a U'pas, Upas.
Bo'ae, Syphilis.
Boak, Lepra vulgaris.
Boala, see Scherlievo.
Bober'ri, Curcuma longa.
Boc'choe, Diosma crenata.
Boche (Prov.), Swelling.
Bochet, Bochetum.
Boche'tum, (F.) Bochet. A term formerly ap-
plied to the second decoction of the sudorific
woods. The French word has been lately revived.
Bo'chium, Bronchocele.
Bo'cho, Diosma crenata.
Bo'cium, Bronchocele.
Bock (Sc), Vomiturition, i
Booking (Sc), Eructation, Vomiting. |
Booklet, Min'eral Wa'ters of. The springs
of Booklet, in Bavaria, are, some of them, acidu-j
lous chalybeates, others, weak sulphurous waters.
The baths here have a reputation for the cure of
sterility, and for checking any tendency to habit-
ual abortion.
Bod'y, Cor'pua, So' ma, (F.) Corjia, (Sax. 1"
bij, Teutonic, boden, the * fundus or bottom.' j. ,
The human body, (F.) Corpa hnmain, (Old E.]
Liche, Corpac, is the collection of organs whicl
compose the frame. At times, however, body iij
used synonymously with trunk. We say, also, bodil
of the femur, of the sphenoid, Ac, to designate th<j
shaft or middle portion of those bones ; body oj,
the nterna, &o. Likewise, any distinct portion ofj
matter perceived by the senses. Also, the rectum'
Bod'y, Com'inq down of the. Proctocele — I
BODYSEARCHER
BOLUS
33
Perineal, see Perineum — b. of Rosenmiiller,
Parovarium — b. Suprarenal, Capsule, renal — b.
Tliyroid, Thyroid gland — b. Wolffian, Corpus
Woiffianum.
Bodysearch'er, Search' er. One who formerly
examined the bodies of the dead to report as to
the cause of death. In the time of the plague
this was done by "the chirurgeons," who were
allowed "twelve pence," to be paid out of the
goods of the party searched, if able ; otherwise,
by the parish. Until of late, this office was exe-
cuted in England by two old women — called
'searchers'; and hence the imperfections of the
Bills of Mortality. In plague times, the office
was an important one ; and, it is stated, that a
noted searcher, named Snacks, finding his busi-
ness increase so much that he could not transact
it alone, offered to any one who would join him in
its hazards, half the profits ; and they who joined
him were said to " go with Snacks." Hence the
saying "to go Snacks," or to divide the spoils.
In Paris, each of the arrondhaements has three
or four verificateurs de dices, who receive a fixed
sum for each certificate of death. These certifi-
cates are laid before a committee of inspection.
The coroner makes such inquiries in Great Bri-
tain and the United States.
Bod'ysnatcher, Resurrectionist.
Boe, [lior„) Cry.
Boel'li, Intestines.
Boethe'ina, gen. Boethe'matia, {^orj^tjua, from
jSoi/S-ew, * I aid,') Medicament.
Bog'bean, Menyanthes trifoliata.
Bo'hon TJ'pas, Upas.
Boi'a, Boa.
Boil, (Sax. byl,) Furunculus — b. Blind, see
Furunculus — b. Bulama, see Bulama — b. Delhi,
see Delhi — b. Gum, Parulis — b. Malignant, sge
Furunculus — b. Wasp's nest, see Furunculus.
Sois A.tner, ('bitterwood,') Quassia — b. de
Campkthe, Haematoxylum Campechianuiu — h. de
Cerf, Cornu cervi — b. de Chypre, Rhodium lignum
— b. de Couleuvre, see Strychnos — b. Doux, Gly-
cyrrhiza — b. de Maiais, Cephalanthus occidentalis
— b. de Plomb, Dirca palustris — b. Puant, Prunus
padus — b. de Rose, Rhodium lignum — b. de Siqi-
pan, Caesalpinia sappan — b. Sudorijique, Wood,
sudorific.
Boisse, Min'eral Wa'ters of. These waters
are situate about half a league from Fontenay-le-
Compte, in France. They are purgative, and
seem to contain carbonate and sulphate of lime
and chloride of sodium.
Bolsson, (from boire, ' to drink,*) Drink.
Boist, (Prov.) Swelling.
Boite, (F.) A box or case, Cap'sa, Pyx'is.
An apparatus for the reception of any matters
which it may be desirable to preserve. In Sur-
gery and Anatomy, lioites d dinHection, B. d ampu-
tation, B. d trepan, B. il cataracte, etc., mean the
cases containing appropriate instruments. Boite
da Crane is the bony case which receives the
brain. Boite is, also, the portion of the stem of
the trephine which receives the pyramid or centre-
pia. Boite de Petit is a machine, invented by
M. Petit, to retain the fractured portions of bone
in apposition, when the leg has been fractured in
a complicated manner. Boite is, also, a kind of
ease put before an artificial anus to receive the
fajces, which are continually being discharged.
The vulgar, in France, give the name Boite to
various articulations, — B. de genou, B. de la
hanche ; "knee-joint, hip-joint."
Soitetnent, Claudication.
Boiterie, Claudication.
Bottler , (F.) Apj)areil, Cop' aula unguenta'ria,
Gapsa' rium, Drean' ing-case. A box containing
Balves and different apparatus, used more partic-
ularly by the dressers in hospitals.
Bok (Sc), Vomiturition.
I Bok'king (Sc), Eructation, Vomiting.
I Bol, Bolus — b. d'Armenie, Bole Armenian — h.
Blanc, Bolus alba — b. Oriental, Bole Armenian
• — b. Rouge, Bole Armenian.
Bo'la, Myrrha.
Bol'chon, Bdellium.
Bole, Bolus, {(iu)\oi, 'a clod of earth,') Bol,
Terre bolaire, meant, with the older writers, ar-
gillaceous earth, used as an absorbent and alexi-
pharmic. The various boles had different forms
given to them, and were stamped, or sealed, hence
Galled Ter'rse sigilla'tse, (F.) Terrea sigillees, as in
the following :
Bole Aumk'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me-
nic. Argil' la ferrvgin' ea ru'bra, A, Bo'lus ru'bra,
Arena' men, Bo'lus Orienta'lis seu Armeni'aca seu
Anne'nise seu Artne'na seu ru'bra, (F.) Bol d'Ar-
niSnie ou oriental ou rouge. A red, clayey earth,
found not only in Armenia, but in several countries
of Europe, — in Tuscany, Silesia, France, &c. It
Wiis once esteemed a tonic and astringent, and was
applied as a styptic. It is now scarcely, or never,
used. It consists of argil, mixed with lime and iron.
Bole'sis, Coral.
Boreson, Balsam.
Bolet Odoraut, Daedalea suaveolens.
Bole'tus Agar'icus, (/SwAoj, ' a lump or mass,*
referring to its shape,) B. laricis — b. Albus, Bo-
letus laricis — b. Cervinus, Elaphomyces granu-
latus — b. Discoideus, Daedalea suaveolens.
Bole'tus Esci:lkn'tus, (F.) Morelle. Ord.
Fungi. An eatable mushroom, found in the
woods in Europe, and much admired by Gastro-
nomes. It was formerly esteemed to be aphrodisiac.
Bole'tus Ful'vus, B. igniarius — b. Hippo-
crepis, B. igniarius.
Bole'tus Ignia'rtus. The systematic name
for the Ag'aric, Agar'icua, Agar'icum of the Phar-
macopoeias, Agar'icus Chirurgo'rtim seu Quer'cua
seu ignia'rius. Polyp' orua ignia'rius, Is'ca, Bole'-
tus ungula'iua seu ful'vus seu hippocre'pia seu ob-
tu'sus, Fun'gua Ignia'rius, Fun'gus Querci'nuSf
Spunk, Ain'adou, Punk, (Prov.) Funk, Ag'aric of
the Oak, Touch' wood, I'ouch' loood Boletua, Fe'male
Ag'aric, Tin'der, (F.) Agaric de chine, Aviadou-
vier. It was formerly much used by surgeons as
a styptic.
Bolk'tus Lau'icis, B. Larici'nua seu pur'gans
seu al'bua seu agar'icua seu ojfficina'lia, Fun'gua
Lar'icia, Polyp'orua officina'lis, Agar'icua al'bua
seu Lar'icis, A. al'bus op'tinius, White Ag'aric,
(F.) Agaric blanc, A. amadouvier, Polypore dtt
MHkze. On the continent of Europe it has been
given as a cathartic and emetic, as well as to mod-
erate the sweats in phthisis. Externally, styptic.
A tincture of the Bole'tus Lar'icia Canadcn'aia
has been highly recommended by Dr. Grant, of
Ottawa, in acute rheumatism.
Bole'tus Obtu'sus, B. igniarius — b. Officina-
lis, B. laricis — b. Purgans, Boletus laricis — b.
Salicis,Da3dalea suaveolens — b. Suaveolens, Dseda.-
lea suaveolens — b. Touchwood, Boletus igniarius.
Bo'li Mar'tis, Ferrum tartarisatum.
Bolis'mos, (0ij)\og, ' a mass,') Boulimia.
Boli'tes, (;^wA(7i7s, from /3wXof, 'a lump or
mass.') The mushroom; perhaps the Agar'icua
Auranti'acus. It was so called in consequence of
its shape.
Bollynge, Swelling.
Bolning, Swelling.
Bolt. Used, at times, for to swallow without
chewing — as to "bolt one's food."
Bo'lus, ()3wXoj, ' a lump or mass.') A bole, (F.)
Bol. A pharmaceutical preparation, having a
pilular shape, but larger; capable, however, of
being swallowed as a pill. Also, bole.
Bo'lus Al'ba, Argil'la pallid' ior : — commonly
made into small cakes or flat masses, and stampe*/
or sealed with certain impressions, and called
Terrm aigillatse, (F.) Bol blanc,, Argile ochreuae
134
BOLUS
BONNE
ndle. It was used like Bole Armenian, and was
Drought from Etruria. See Bole,
Bo'lus, Alimkn'tauy, lio'hiH alimenta'rhia. The
bole formed by the food after it has undergone
mastication and insalivation in the mouth ; and
been collected upon the tongue prior to degluti-
tion.
Bo'lus Arme'na, Bole Armenian — b. Hyster-
ical, see Hysteria.
Bo'lus Oriknta'lis. A kind of bolar earth,
only distinguished from Bole Armenian in being
brought from Constantinople. See Bole Armenian.
Bo'lus Ru'bra, Bole Armenian.
Boma'rea Salsil'la, (after the naturalist, J. C.
Valmont de Bomare.) The inhabitants of Chili
use this plant as a sudorific. It is given in infu-
sion in cutaneous diseases.
Bom'bax, gen. Bomba'cis, {jioftliv^, 'raw silk.')
Gossypium.
Botnbement, Bombus.
BombitatiOf Tinuitus auriura.
Bom'bos, (^ofifioi, ' the humming of bees,') Au'-
riutn Jlnctfta'tio, A. sih'ilua, A. aon'itus, A. snsur'-
rua, (F.) Bombement. A kind of ringing or buzz-
ing in the ears; — characterized, according to
Sauvages, by the perception of blows or beating
repeated at certain intervals. Also, Borboryg-
mus. See Fart, Flatulence, and Tinnitus aurium.
Bom'byx (gen. Bomby'cis) Mo'ri, {^fi^v^,) see
Sericum.
Bon, CoflFea Arabica.
Bo'na, Phaseolus vulgaris.
Bo'na Fe'ver, see Fever, Bona.
Bonan'nia OflSciiia'lis, Sinapis alba.
Bon'due, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
Bone, ([Sax.] ban,) 08, Os'teon, Os'tenm, (F.)
Oa. The bones are the solid and hard parts,
which form the basis of the bodies of animals of
the superior classes ; and the union of which con-
stitutes the skeleton. The human body has, at
the adult age, 240 bones, including the 32 teeth,
the ossa Wormiana, and excluding sesamoid
bones. Anatomists divide them, from their
shape, into — 1. Long bones, which form part
of the limbs, and represent columns for support-
ing the weight of the body, or levers of different
kinds for the muscles to act upon. 2. Flat bonce,
which form the parietes of splanchnic cavities ;
and, .3. Short bones, met with in parts of the body
where solidity and some mobility are necessary.
Bones are formed of two different textures;
»pong"y, Subatan'tia apongio'an; and compact',
Subatan'tin compac'tn. They afford, on analysis,
much phosphate and carbonate of lime, a little
phosphate of magnesia, phosphate of ammonia,
oxide of iron and manganese, some traces of
alumina and silica, gelatin, fat, and water. The
uses of the bones are mentioned under each bone.
They give shape to the body, contain and defend
the viscera, and act as levers to the muscles.
The bones of the ox, Boa Tau'rua, are employed
in pharmacy.
TABLE OP THE BOXES.
TABLE OP THE BONES
Bonn or
Till
Bjud.
Bone« of the
Cranium or
Skull.
BoDM of the
iboe.
DtnfM, or
Ttatk.
Bone of the
TangvM.
' Frontal i
PariBtiil 2
Occipital 1
Temporal 2
Ktiimoiil 1
Hphenoid \
Superior Maxillary 2
Maliir or Cheek 2
Niwnl 2
I'Hchrymal .*„.' 2
PHlntine 2
Inferior Spongy 2
Vomer j
Inferior Maxillary......." 1
InclMorcH g
^ ('u»|.i<iiitl 4
I MoliircH 20
'llyoia ^ 1
Bones of
THE
Head.
Bones of
THE
Teunk.
Bones of
THE Dp-
pee Ex-
TK£MITY.
Bones of tht
Ear.
VertebrcB.
Sacrum
(^ Olit
r Cer
(Lui
{continued).
(Malleus _ 2
Incus 2
Orbiculare 2
Stapes 2
Cervical 7
)or8al 12
imbar 6
1
Os Coccygis _ 1
Then™.{|xr.".'.::::::::::-::::::::;:a
Tha Pelvis ... lunominatum 2
The >S/*o«Zd6r| S'*^^'« 2
(Scapula 2
The -4r7» Humerus 2
«--^™- {SS^-.:::;;:::r:;;::.:;:: i
Naviculare 2
Lunare 2
Cuneiforrae 2
Orbiculare 2
Trapezium 2
Trapezoides „ 2
Magnum „ 2
l^Unciforme 2
10
Carptts,
or
Wrist.
Bones of
Lower
Extrem-
ity.
Metacarpus
Phalanges 28
The Thigh Femur 2
(Patella 2
The Leg. ^ Tibia 2
(Fibula 2
fCalciaOa 2
Tarsus, Astragalus 2
or -j Cuboidea 2
Instep. I Navicular© 2
(^Cuneiforme 6
Metatarsus 10
Phalanges 28
Total 240
BoNE, Back, Vertebral column — b. Bar, Pu-
bis, OS.
Bone, Blade, Scapula — b. Boat-like, Os scapho-
ides — b. Breast, Sternum — b. Canals, see Canals,
nutritive, and Diploic — b. Crupper, Coccyx.
Bone, Haunch, Ilion.
Bone op the Heart, Heart, bone of.
Bone, Interparietal, Interparietal bone.
Bone Phos'phate op Lime, see Cornu ustum —
b. Ploughshare, Vomer.
Bone, Rump, Coccyx — b. Share, Pubis — b.
Splinter, Fibula.
Bone'aclie, Osteocopus.
Bonea'gue, Osteocopus.
Bone'ash, Os iistum, (Ph. B., 1867.) The pro-
ducts of bones, usually of the ox and sheep, burnt
white, consisting chiefly of phosphate of lime and
a little of the carbonate. Used in pharmacy.
Bone'binder, Osteocolla.
Bone'black, see Carbo, animalis.
Bone'doc'tor, Renoueur.
Bone'earth, see Calculi, urinary, and Cornu
ustum.
Bonefe'ver, see Inflammation.
Bonenip'pers, Oxtenl'cum, Tenac'ula, (F.)
Tenaifle incinive. An instrument used for cutting
off splinters and cartilages. It is a kind of for-
ceps, the handles of which are strong, and the
edges, which touch each other, cutting.
Bones, Brit'tleness of the, Fragilitas ossium
— b. Friability of the, Fragilitas ossium — b.
Salt of, Ammonia) carbouas — b. Softening of the,
Mollities ossium.
Bone'set, Eupatorium perfoliatum — b. Rough,
Eupatoriuni teucrifolium — b. Upland, Eupato-
rium sessilifolium.
Bone'setter, Renoueur.
Bone'shave, Neuralgia femoro-poplita;a.
lionlutmtncf ([F.] 'good man,') Verbasoum
thapsus.
Bon'iclatter, Bonnyclabber.
Bonifa'cia, Ruscus hypoglossum.
Bon'ithlobber, Bonnyclabber.
Bmnte Datne, ([F.] 'good lady,') AtriplMt
hortousis.
BONNES
BORSE
135
Bonnes or Aigues Bonnes, Min'eral Wa'ters
ef. Bonnes is a village six leagues from Pau, in
the department Basses Pyrenies, France. Here
are several thermal springs. They were cele-
brated as early as the time of Francis I., under
the name Eaux d' Arquehus<tde. They contain
chlorides of sodium and magnesium, sulphates
of magnesia and lime, sulphur and silica, <fec.
The temperature is from 78° to 98° Fahrenheit.
The season is from the first of May to the middle
of September.
The factW'ious Eau db Bonxes is made oi Hy-
drosiilphuretted water, i'^iv., pure water, Oj. and
f^ss., chloride of sodium , gr. xxx., sulphate of
magnesia, gr. i.
The French Codex (1866) has an Eau Sul/urSe,
Aqua Sulfurata, intended as a substitute for the
waters of Bonnes, Bareges, <fco.
Bon'net, Reticulum.
Sonnet ft Deux Globes, Bonnet d'Hippocrate.
Sonnet d' Hippocrate, Cap of Hippoc' rates,
Mi'tra Hippocrat'ica, Fas'cia capita' lis, Pi'leus
Hippocrat'icus. A kind of bandage, the inven-
tion of which is ascribed to Hippocrates. It
consists of a double-headed roller, passed over
the head, so as to envelop it like a cap. The
French also name it Bonnet d deux globes, Gape-
line de la. tSte.
Bon'nyclabber, Gla'her, (Irish, haine, *milk,'
and clabar, ' mire.') In Ireland, sour buttermilk.
In this country, the thick part of sour milk.
Boniclatfer and Bonithlohber, also, mean cream,
or " good milk gone thick."
Bonplan'dia Angustu'ra, (after the French
naturalist Bunpland,) Cusparia febrifuga — b.
Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuga.
Bon'tia Ger'minans, (after Jacob Bontius, a
Dutch physician of Batavia,) Aviccnnia tomen-
tosa.
Bo'nus Ge'nius, Peucedanum — b. Henricus,
Chenopodium bonus Henricus.
Bo'ny, (from bone,) Osseous.
Boo'cho, Diosma crenata.
Boon U'pas, Upas.
Boona, Phaseolus vulgaris.
Boot'ia Vulga'ris, Saponaria.
Boot'ikin, (dim. of boot.) A glove with a par-
tition for the thumb, but no separate ones for the
fingers — like an infant's glove — made of oiled
silk. Horace Walpole speaks in raptures of the
benefit he derived from bootikins in gout.
Borac"ic Ac"id, Ac"idnm Borac''icum, Sal
sedati'vus Homber'gi, Bo'ric Acid, (F.) Acide
boracique. An acid obtained from borax, which
was once looked upon as sedative. It was also
called Acor Borac"icus, Sal vitri'oli narcot'icum,
Sal volat'ile Bora'cis, and Flares Bora'cis.
Sorage, Borago officinalis.
Bora'go (gen. Boray"ini8) Officinalis, Bu-
glos'sum ve'rum seu latifo' liuni, Borra'yo, Corra'-
go, Borago hortan'xis, Bor'age, Bur' rage, (F.)
Bourrache. Ord. Boragineae. Sex. Syst. Pen-
tandria Monogynia. The leaves and flowers have
been considered aperient.
Bo'ras (gen. Bora'tis) Superso'dions, Borax.
Bo'rated, Bora'tus, (F.) Borate. Containing
* borax, as ' a borated solution,' (F.) Solution bo-
j ratee.
I Bo'rathron, Juniperus sabina.
I Bo'raz, gen. Bora'cis, Bo'ras So'dee seu ««-
! persat'urus so'die seu alcales'cens seu alcali'num
t seu super so' dicus, So'die Bibo'ras, Sodii Boras,
(Ph. U. S., 1873,) Subbo'ras So'die seu na'tricum,
So'da Boraxa'ta, Natrnm biborac" icura seu sub-
j borac"icum, Chrysocol'la, Capis'triun au'ri, Bo'-
\ rax Ven'etus, Borax' trion, Nitrum factit"ium, Ac,
; Subbo'rate or Bibo'rate of Soda, Subbo'rate of
J protox'ide of So'dium, Subprotobo' rate of So'-
dlum. Bo' rate of So'da, Bo' rate of So'dium, (F.)
Borate ou Sousborate de Sonde, Borate sursaturi
de soude. It is found in an impure state in
Thibet and Persia. It is inodorous ,• taste cool,
and somewhat alkaline ; soluble in 12 parts of
water. Borax is seldom used except as a lotion
in aphthae and other oral affections.
Borate of Ifereury has been recommended as
an antisyphilitic.
Bo'rax Honey, Mel Boracis.
Borax'trion, Borax.
Borbon'ia Ruscifo'lia, (after Gaston de Bour-
bon, son of Henry IV., of France, who was fond
of botany.) A small South African shrub, used
in asthma and hydrothorax. In decoction, it is
given as a diuretic.
Bor'borus, {^opPopog,) Fimus.
Borboryg'mus, {fiopftopv^m, *I make a dull
noise,') jlur'mur seu Botu'bus seu Mo'tus Intes-
tino'rum, Anile' ma, Anile' sis, Cceliopsoph'ia, In-
tona'tio intestina'lis, Mur'mur ven'tris seu intesti-
na'le, Bor'borygin, (Sc.) Bluiter, Blutter, (Prov.)
Crolling, Croioling, (F.) Gargouillement, Grouille-
ment d'Entrailles. The noise made by flatus in
the intestines. This happens often in health,
especially in nervous individuals.
Bor'cette, or Burt'scheid, Ther'mal Springs
of. At Borcette, a suburb of Aix, are sulphurous
and non-sulphurous waters, which are recom-
mendedforthesameclassof cases as are sent to Aix.
Sord, (F.) Mar'go, Edge, JIarg"in. Anato-
mists have so named the boundaries of an organ.
Thus, the bones, muscles, &c., have bords as well
as bodies. The ' free edge,' bord libre, is one not
connected with any part; the ' adhering edge,'
bord adhirent, one that is connected; and the
bord articulaire, or ' articular margin or edge,' of
a bone, that which joins it to another bone.
Sord Ciliaire, Ciliary margin.
Bordeaux, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Near this
great city, in the south-west of France, is a sa-
line, chalybeate spring. It contains oxide of
iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides of
sodium and calcium, subcarbonato of soda, and
sulphate of magnesia.
Borden's Extract of Beef, see Biscuit, meat
— B.'s Meat biscuit, see Biscuit, meat.
Bore, Boron.
Bore'tree, (from being easily bored by remov-
ing the pith,) Sambueus.
So7'gne (F.), Goc'les, Unoc'ulus, Lua'cus, Lua-
cio'sua. One who has only one eye, or sees only
with one. The word has been used, figuratively,
for blind, in surgery and anatomy. See Cajcus.
Bo'rium, Boron.
Borkhausen'ia Ca'va, (after Moritz Borkhau-
sen, a German botanist,) Fumaria bulbosa.
Born, (past participle of bear,) (F.) Ne.
Brought forth from the womb.
BoRX Alive'. It has been decided by English
judges, that ' to be born alive,' means, that acts
of life must have been manifested after the whole
body has been extruded ; and that respiration in
transitu is not evidence that a child was born
alive. It must be 'wholly born alive;' hence
respiration may be a sign of life, but not of live
birth.
Bo'ron, Bo'rium, Bo'r\im, (F.) Bore. A simple
substance, the basis of boracic acid; obtained by
heating potassium with boracic acid, as a dark,
olive-colored powder, devoid of taste and smell.
Heated in the air or in oxygen, it is converted
into boracic acid.
Bor'osail, Z<(el. Ethiopian names for a dis-
ease, very common thej-e, which attacks the organs
of generation, and appears to have considerable
analogy with syphilis.
Borra'go, Borai^o officinalis.
Bor'ri, Curcuma longa.
Bor'riberri, Cui-cuma longa.
Borse, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Borse is a vil-
lage in Beam, Franco. 'The waters are chalybeate.
136
BORUM
BOUGIE
Bo'rum, Boron.
Bo'sa. An Egyptian name for a mass, made
of the meal of daruel, heiup-seed, and water. It
18 inebriating. At the present day, it is applied
to a kind of acidulated and, sometimes, fermented
soberbet. In its commonest form, it is made by
fermenting an infusion of millet-seed. A more
agreeable Bosa is prepared by the Egyptians
from tamarinds and honey ; and by the Greeks
from the fruit of Solanum Lycopersicum. This
last is called, by them, ApoaiauKov, Droais' ticon,
Boschesjesmanstliee, Methystophyllum glau-
•UIll.
Bos'om, (Sax. bojrme,) see Mamma.
Boss, Busse.
Bos'sa, Plague token.
Basse, ([I.] bozza, 'a bunch,') Hump, Protu-
berance — 6. Nasdle, Nasal protuberance.
BossH, see Hump.
Boswel'lia Floribun'da, (after Dr. John Bos-
well, of Edinburgh,) see Juniperus lycia — b.
Papyrifera, see Juniperus lycia — b. Serrata, see
Juniperus lycia — b. Thurifera, see Juniperus
lycia.
Botar Fora'men, Foramen Bota'U seu Bo-
tal'li, Fora'men Oca'le, F. of Gnfen or of Botal,
(F.) Trou de Botal ou de Galien ou ovale. A
large opening which exists in the foetus in the
partition between the two auricles of the heart;
and by means of which the blood passes from
one to the other. Its discovery is generally at-
tributed to Leonard Botallus, Botal, or Botalli,
who wrote in 1562. It was spoken of, however,
by Vesalius, and even by Galen.
Bot'ane, {(ioravri,) Herb.
Botanical Doc'tor, Herb-doctor.
Botaniqiie Medicale, Botany, medical.
Bot'any, Med'ical, Botan'ica Med'ica, Me-
dici'na Botan'ica, Phytoloy"ia Med'ica, (from
botune,) (F.) Botaniqiie Medicale. The knowledge
of the properties, characters, <fcc., of those vege-
tables which are used in medicine.
Botar'go, (F.) Botargne. A preparation made
in Italy and the south of France, with the eggs
and blood of the Mugilceph'alu8, or Miil'let,
strongly salted, after it has become putrescent.
It is used as a condiment.
Botargue, Botargo.
Botch, ([I.] Bozza, (F.) Bo88e.) Of old, a
swelling of the skin. A phlegmon. A large
ulcerous aflfection.
Bo'thor, Bo'tor. An Arabic terra for abscess
in the nares. It means, also, tumors in general ;
especially those which are without solution of con-
tinuity.
Bothrioceph'alus, B. la'tm, Bothrioceph' alum,
(0o^piot>, *a small pit,' and Kt^aXfj, 'head,') Botrio-
ee/j/i'ti/uH, Dihotk'riuin ln'tnm, Tw.' nia lata seu
vulyti'ris Heu on' cutia lateral' ibus gein'tnin seu gri'-
lea seu meinbrana'cea seu tenel'la seu denta'ta seu
huma'na iner'min seu prima seu os'cuHh lateral' -
ibua nolita'riit seu aceph'ala seu oh'chUh auperji-
cia/'ibuH, Lnmbri'cuH la' Inn, Plate' a, Platyel' mins,
Haly'gia membrana'cea seu la'ta, (F.) Tf'nia d an-
Heaiix roitrta ou non armf, Ver solitaire. Broad
Tapeworm. Common in Switzerland, Russia, and
•omo parts of France. It inhabits the intestines
of man, and oxtonds to an enormous length. A
broken «pcoimen has been obtained 60 yards
lon|{. Another variety, inhabiting the intestines,
ha« alMu been described, the bothrioceph'alus cor-
da'tuM. See ParaHitos and Worms.
Both'rion, Buth'rinm, {0o^^toi>, 'a small pit,
cavity,' .!w.) An nU-eofuH, or small fossa. A
•mall Je«)p uloor on the cornea. See Fossette.
Both'riam, Hothrion, Fossette.
Bo'thrui, (0o»(>o(,) Fovea.
Botin, TurebinibiDa.
Bo'lium, Bronobocele.
Bo'tor, Motbor.
Botothinum. An obscure term, used by Para-
celsus to denote the most striking symptom of a
disease : — the Flos mor'hi.
Botou, Pareira brava.
Botrioceph'alus, Bothriocephalus.
Bot'rophis Serpenta'ria, Aeta3a racemosa.
Botrych'ium, Moon'icort, (jSorpuj, ' a cluster of
grapes,' from the appearance of its fruitful
fronds.) Ord. Filices, sub-order Ophioglosseae.
Different species of moonwort were once used in
medicine as vulneraries. They are now wholly
disregarded.
Bo'trys, {Porpvi, * a grape, a cluster of grapes,'
owing to the resemblance of its fructification.)
Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vinifera — b. Am-
brosioides, Chenopodium ambrosioides — b. Amer-
icana, Chenopodium ambrosioides — b. Anthelmin-
tica, Chenopodium anthelminticum — b. Mexicana,
Chenopodium ambrosioides.
Bottine, ([F.] dim. of botte, *a boot.*) A thin
boot or btts'kiv, O'crea le'vior. An ingtrument
which resembles a small boot, furnished with
springs, straps, buckles, <fec., and used to obvi-
ate distortions of the lower extremities in chil-
dren.
Bot'tle, Feed'ing. A bottle provided with a
projection to which an artificial nipple can be
attached. Used for feeding infants with milk.
Bot'tlenose, Gutta rosea.
Bot'tlestoop. In Pharmacy, an arrangement
for giving the proper inclination to a bottle con-
taining a powder, so as to admit of the contents
being readily removed by the knife, in dispensing
medicines. It consists of a block of wood, with
a groove in the upper surface, to receive the bot-
tle in an oblique position.
Bot'tom, (Sax. botm,) Nates.
Bot'trytree, Sambucus.
Bou, in composition, see Bu.
Boub'on, {^ov^tav, *■ the groin,') Bubo.
Boucage Anis, Pimpinella anisum — h. Ma-
jeur, Pimpinella magna — b. ilinetir, Pimpinella
saxifraga — b. Petit, Pimpinella saxifraga.
Bouche, (bucca, ' the puffed out cheek,') Mouth
— b. Pdtense, Clammy mouth.
Bmiclement, ([F.] boucle, 'a. buckle,') Infibu-
lation.
Boucue'mia, Bucnemia, See Elephantiasis.
Bou'da. A disease said to be prevalent among
dissolute Abyssinian women, characterized by
severe paroxysms of a cataleptic character.
Bou'din's Solu'tion of Ar'senic. This is an
aqueous solution of arsenions acid, with the ad-
dition of wine, — f^i. of the solution containing
gr. J of the acid. It is much used in Continental
Europe. .
Bmie, ([F.] 'mire, mud.') See Corruption.
Botie SpMnique. The altered blood extrjiva-
sated into the splenic cells has been so called.
Boues des Eaux, (F.) Boves Mineralea. The
mud or swamp, formed near mineral springs, im-
pregnated with the substances contained in such
springs, and consequently possessing similar
properties. The Boues, Mud batha, Bal'n<a Cavo'-
aa, are applied generally, and topically, in PVance,
at the springs of St. Amand, Bagneres de Luchon,
Bagnols, and Bar§ges ; in the United States, at the
White Sulphur, in Virginia, <fec.
Bmies Min6rales, Boues des eaux.
Bonffe, (F.) The small eminence formed by
the junction of the two lips.
BoDFFK, Eructation.
Bmiffee de Chaleur, Flush.
Botiffissure, (from bouffer, ' to pufif up,') Puf-
Bougie'f ([F.] 'a wax candle.') Caudel'ulaf
Cande'la, C. ce'rea seu medica'ta, Ce'renm medi'
ca'titm, Cere'olus Chirurgo'rum, D»''dion, Specil'-
lum ce'renm, Vir'ga ce'na, Cere'olua. A flexible
cylinder, variable in size, to be introduced into
the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, Ac, Inr the pur-
pose of dilating these canals, when contracted. A,
BOUGIE
BOUT DE SEIN
137
Simple Bougie is composed of solid and insoluble
substances ; as plaster, wax, steel, German silver,
elastic gum, gutta-percha, catgut ( IJoiigie de Gorde
d boyau), <fcc. It acts of course only mechanically.
The Bougie d boule has a pear-shaped extremity,
the object being to detect the locality of a stric-
ture in the urethra.
Bougie', Med'icated, (F.) B. Med icamenteuse,
has the addition of some escharotic or other sub-
stance to destroy the obstacle; as in the Caustic
Bougie, (F.) B. cauteris'mte, B. armSe, B. emplas-
tiqiie, which has a small portion of Lunar Caustic
or Common Camtic inserted in its extremity.
Duoamp has recommended a Bougie, which swells
out near its extremity, for the better dilating of
the urethra. This he calls B. d ventre. The me-
tallic Bougie, invented by Smyth, is a composition
of metal, allowing of great flexibility ; and a hol-
low Bougie is one with a channel running through
it, to be used in the same manner as the catheter,
or otherwise.
Bougie', U'teri.ve, Sound, uterine.
Bougrerie, Buggery.
Bouiriaud's Dis'ease. A term proposed by
Trousseau for endocarditis, the history of which
was so exhaustively given by Bouillaud of the
H6pital la Charite.
BouilUe, (F.) Pultic'ula, Pap, (from [L.]
bullire, [F.] bouillir, ' to boil.') Flour, beaten and
boiled with milk. It is a common food for infants.
Bouillon, ([F.] boHillir,'to boil,') Ju8, Jiisculum,
Sorhit"io. A liquid food, made by boiling the
flesh of animals in water. The osmazome, gela-
tin, and soluble salts dissolve ; the fat melts, and
the albumen coagulates. Bouillon is nourishing,
owing to the gelatin and osmazome. The Jh8 de
Viande is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared
of beef, mutton, veal, &o. See Broth.
Bouillon, in common language, in France,
means a round fleshy excrescence, sometimes seen
in the centre of a venereal ulcer.
Bouillon Blanc, Verbascum nigrum.
Bouillons Widiclnaux ou Phartnaceutiques,
Medic"inal or Phanaaceut'ic Bouillons contain
infusions or decoctions of medicinal herbs. The
bouillon aitx herbea is generally composed of sor-
rel or beet.
Bouillon d'Os, (F.) Bouillon from hones, is ob-
tained by treating bones with muriatic acid, in
order to dissolve the earthy parts. The gelatin,
which remains, is then boiled with a little meat
and vegetables. — D'Arcet. Bouillon, however,
can be easily obtained from the bones of roast
meat by simple coction.
Bouillonnement, Ebullition.
Bonis, Buxus.
Boule d'Acipr, {' a ball of steel,') Ferrum tar-
tarizatum — 6. de Mam, see Ferrum tartarizatum
— b. de Molsheim, Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de
Nancy, see Ferrum tartarizatum.
Bouleau Cotnmun, Betula alba.
Boule'sis, {ihvXoiiai, ' to will/) Voluntas.
Boulim'ia, Bulim'ia, Bnlim'ius, Buli'mus, Bou-
li'moH, Bulimi'aaia, Bolis'mos, Ecliin'ia, Fa'mes
cani'na seu bovi'na sen lupi'na, Appeti'tus cani'-
nu8,Appeten'fia cani'na, Adepha'gia, Addepha'gia,
Cynorex'ia, Orex'is cyno'des, Bitpi'na, Bnpei'na,
Phagie'na, Phagedie'na, {(iovXi/xca, from (iovs, * an
ox,' and A(aos, 'hunger;' or from (iov, augmenta-
tive particle, and Xiiiof, ^hunger,') (F.) Bonlimie,
Faiin canine, F. devoraute, Polyphagie. An al-
most insatiable hunger. A canine appetite. It
is sometimes seen in hysteria and pregnancy ;
rarely under other circumstances.
Bouliinle, Boulimia.
Boulogne', Min'eral Wa'ters of. Boulogne
is in the dei)artment of Pas-de- Calais, France.
The waters are chalybeate.
Boun'cing Bet, Saponaria.
Bound, Costive.
Boun'dou, Akasja.
Bouquet A.natmnique de Biolan,{ [F.] bouquet,
a collection of flowers or other substances tied to-
gether.) A name given, by some anatomists, to
the collection of ligaments and muscles, (F.)
Muscles stylieus, inserted into the styloid process
of the temporal bone.
BouQUKT Fe'yeu, Dengue.
Bourbillon, (from hour be, 'mud, dirt.') See
Furunculus (core).
Bourbon-Lancy, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bour-
bon-Lancy is a small village in the department
of Sa6ne-et-Loire, France; where there are ther-
mal saline springs, containing carbonic acid,
chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, chlo-
ride of calcium, carbonate of lime, iron, and
silica. Their heat is from 106° to 135° Fahren-
heit. Season, from the 15th of May to the 1st
of October.
Bourbon L'Archambaut, Min'eral Wa'ters
of. This town is in the department of Allier, six
leagues west from Moulins, and has been long
celebrated for its thermal chalybeate waters.
They contain sulphohydric acid, sulphate of soda,
magnesia, and lime, carbonate of iron, and silica.
Their temperature varies between 136° and 145°
Fahrenheit. Season, from the 15th of May to
the 1st of October.
Bourbonne-les-Bains, Min'eral Wa'ters of.
These springs are seven leagues from Langres,
department of Haute-Marne, France. They are
thermal and saline, and have been long celebrated.
Temperature from 106° to 133° Fahrenheit. The
Factitious water, (F.) Fan de Bourbonne-les-Bains,
Aqua Borvonen'sis, is composed of water, contain-
ing twice its bulk of dm^honic acid, f^xxss.,
chloride of sodium, ^j., chloride of calcium, gr, x.
Bourboule, Min'eral Wa'ters of. A village
near Mont d'Or, where there are two thermal
saline springs. Season, from the 1st of June to
the 15th of October.
Botirduine, Khamnus frangula.
Bourdonnenient, (bourdon, 'a male bee.')
Tinnitus aurium.
Bmirdonnet, Pulvil'lus, P. e linamen'tis con-
fec'tus seu rotun'dus, Dos'sil. A term in French
surgery for charpie rolled into a small mass of an
olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds,
absorbing the discharge, and preventing the
union of their edges. In cases of deep and pen-
etrating wounds, as of the abdomen or chest, a
thread is attached to them by which they may
be readily withdrawn, and be prevented from
passing altogether into those cavities.
Bourg^ne, Rhamnus frangula.
Bonrgeon, (* a bud,') Granulation, Papula —
h. Chuvnn, Granulation.
Bourgeonnenient, see Generation.
Bourgeofis, (pi. of bourgeon,) Gutta rosea.
Bourguepine, Rhamnus.
Botwrache, Borago officinalis.
Bonrrelet (F.), A Pad, a Bor'der. A fibre*
cartilaginous border, which surrounds certain ar-
ticular cavities, such as the glenoid cavity of the
scapula and the a-cetabulum ; by which their depth
is augmented. Sec Corpus callosum.
Bourrelet Mmtle, Cornu ammonis.
Bourse ik, Berger, ( ' shepherd's purse,' )
Thlaspi bursa — b. d Pasteur, Thlaspi bursa — b.
Prerotulienne, see Knee, housemaid's.
Bourses {lies), Scrotum — b. Mucilagineusea,
Burste mucoste — b. 3Iuqueuses, Bursa) mucosae.
Baursoufiure, Pufiiness.
Bour'tree, ('boretree,') Sambucus.
Boussole, Glossanthrax.
Bout de Sein (F.), (' end of the breast, nipple.')
An instrument of caoutchouc or ivory to place
over the nipple when the infant sucks, soon after
delivery, or where the nipple is in a morbid cou^
dition.
138
BOUTON
BRACHIUM
Bouton (F.), (* a bud.') Papula. Used, how-
ever, vaguely for papula, vesicula, and pustula.
Bouton d'Alep ou de Bagdad, Pustule d'Alep
OU de Buasorah ou de Bagdad ou d'tman, Py-
rophltfc'tis endem'ica, Alep'po c'vil, A. Pus'tule
a»d Ul'cer, A. But' ton. A cutaneous aflfection in
the Levant, to which children are liable. It is
characterized by one or more tubercles on the face
or limbs, which soften, and become covered with
a scar. The ulcerations formed are long in heal-
ing, and, generally, leave a scar. It is usually
left to itself; but it is said to be benefited by cru-
cial incisions into the tubercle prior to the period
of softening. The disease appears to be anthra-
coid in its character.
The Bouton de Binkara ou Biskra ou des Zihans,
Bhk'ra hut'ton, Chancre de Sahara, Frina or
Uhabb of the Arabs, appears to have numerous
analogies with the Bouton d'Alep.
Bouton de Bagdad, Bouton d'Alep — b. de
Bifkara, see Bouton d'Alep.
Boutin Malin, see Anthrax — h. d'Or, Ra-
nunculus acris — b. de Seiit, Nipple — b. des
Zihans, see Bouton d' Alep.
Boutonnidre (F.), ('a button hole.') Fh^n'ra,
Incis'io. A long incision made into the urethra
to extract a calculus from the canal, when it is too
large to be discharged.
Also, a small incision or puncture, made in the
peritoneum, or above the pubis, to penetrate the
oladder in certain cases of retention of urine.
Bovachevo, Datura sauguinea.
Bovil'lae, Rubeola.
Bovis'ta, Lycoperdon.
Bowel, Intestine.
Bow'els, Con'stipated, see Constipation — b.
Looseness of, see Diarrhoea.
Bow'els, O'pen or Rkg' ijlar. The state of the
intestinal canal when the evacuations are normal
in number.
Bow'els, Relax'ed, see Diarrhoea.
Bow'legged, see Cnemoscoliosis.
Bowman's Cap'sule, see Kidney — b. Disks,
see Sarcous elements.
Bow'man's Glands. Long follicles, either
flask-shaped or with projections and twistings
of their blind extremities, more clearly seen
on the periosteum of the nasal septum of lower
animals.
Bow'man's Root, Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia
trifoliata, Leptandria purpurea.
Box'berry, Gaultheria.
Box, Moun'tain, Arbutus uva ursi.
Box' tree, Buxus, Cornus Florida.
Box'wood, Cornus Florida.
Boy, Pucr, Pais, {naii, gen. iraiSos,) Pusus, (F.)
G'tr^on; of uncertain derivation. A male child
under the age of puberty.
Boyau, Intestine — b. Pollinique, see Pollen.
Brab'ylon, Prunum Damasceuum.
Bracheri'olum, Truss.
Braohe'rium, Truss.
Bra'chia Copulati'va, see Peduncles of the
cerebellum — b. of Optic lobes, see Brachiura
anterius and B. postcrius — b. Pontis, see Pedun-
oleH of this cerebellum.
BrachisB'ttB, Brachial — b. Internus, Bra-
«hialiH iint«rior.
Bra'ohial, Brachia'Ua, Brachiw'ua, (from hra-
thinin.) What belongs to the arm.
Bra'ciiial Ai'onkijho'sis. An aponeurosis
formed particularly by expansions of the tendons
of the latiHHimuri dorsi, pectoralis major, and dol-
toidei muuclcB, an<l which completely envelops
the muBoleit uf the arm.
Bua'ciiial Alt'TKiiY, Arte' r{n brachta'lis, Hu'-
meral Ar'trry, (F.) Arlire ou Tronc brachial.
The artery, which extendi from the axilla to the
bend of the elbow; where it divides into A. cnbi-
talit seu ulnu'riu and A. radiaU$. It passes along
the internal edge of the biceps, behind the median
nerve and between the accompanying veins.
Under the name Brachial Artery, Chaussier in-
cludes the subclavian, axillary, and humeral, the
last being the brachial proper.
Bra'chial Mus'cle, Ajjte'rior, MuH'cuhis Bra-
chia'lis aute'rior, Brachia'Us inter'nus seu aiiti'-
cus, Brachise'us, B. intervus, (F.) Muscle brachial
interne, Bumiro-cubital, (Ch.) This muscle is
situate at the anterior and inferior part of the
arm, and before the elbow-joint. It arises, fleshy,
from the middle of the os humeri, and is inserted
into the coronoid process of the ulna. Use, To
bend the forearm.
Bra'chial Plex'us, Plex'ns Brachia'Us, is a
nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of the
anterior branches of the last four cervical pairs
and the first dorsal. It is deeply seated in the
hollow of the axilla, and extends as far as the
inferior and lateral part of the neck. It gives
ofi" the thoracic nerves, suprascapular and infra-
scapular, and the brachial (which are six in num-
ber), the axillary, cutaneous, musculo-cutaneous,
radial, cubital, and median.
Bra'chial Veins are two in number, and ac-
company the artery, frequently anastomosing
with each other : they terminate in the axillary.
Under the term Brachial Fe(»s, Chaussier includes
the humeral, axillary, and subclavian.
Brachia'le, ('a bracelet,' from (L.) brachium.)
Carpus.
Brachiargia, Brachyal'gia, Neural'gia Bra-
chia'Us, {brachio, and «Ayoj, ' pain.') Pain in the
arm, neuralgia of the arm.
Brachia'Us, Brachial — b. Antious, Brachial
muscle — b. Externus, see Triceps extensor cubiti
— b. Internus, Brachial muscle.
Brachie'rium, Truss.
Brach'ile, Truss.
Brachilu'vium, (ftracAto, and luere, * to wash.')
Bath, arm.
Bra'chio, {lipa^iu>v, 'arm,') in composition, bra-
chium or arm.
Bra'chiocephal'ic Ar'tery, Innominata arteria
— b. Veins, Inuominatae venae.
Bra'chiocu'bital, Brachiocubita'Us. That
which belongs both to the arm and cubitus. This
name has been given to the internal lateral liga-
ment of the elbow-joint, because it is attached to
the OS brachii or os humeri, and to the cubitus or
ulna.
Bra'chiocyllo'sis, [brachio, and /ruXAoxrij, 'the
act of making crooked.') Curvature of the arm
inwards. Paralysis or loss of power from curva-
ture of the arm.
Bra'chion, {^paxiw,) Brachium.
Brachion'cus, (6rrtc^i«, andoywf, * a swelling.')
A tumor of the arm.
Bra'chiora'dial, Brachioradia'Ua. That which
belongs to the brachium and radius. This name
has been applied to the external lateral ligament
of the elbow-joint, because it is attached to the
humerus and to the radius. See Supinator radii
longus.
Brachiorrheu'ina, gen. Brachiorrhcu'matia,
Pheuinatis'inus bra'chii, (brachio, and pevfiu, ' do-
iluxion, rheumatism.') Rheumatism of the arm.
Brachiot'omy, Brachiotom'ia, {brachio, and
Toitrt, 'incision.') Ain)iutation of the arm.
Brachi'rolum, Truss.
Bra'chium, (^/>h;^i<«)v, 'the arm,') Bra'chion,
Lacer'tuH, (F.) Bras. The arm from the shoulder
to the wrist, or the {)art between the shoulder
and elbow. See Humeri os.
Bua'chium Antk'rius. a rounded process,
which passes from the anterior pair of the corpora
quadrigemina {nates) obliquely outwards into the
tlialamus opticus.
Bra'chium Mo'vens Quar'tus, Latissimua
dorsi.
BKACHIUM
BRANNY
139
Bra'chium Poste'rius. A rounded process,
trQich passes from the posterior pair of the qua-
drigemins, {xeatea) obliquely outwards into the
dptic thalamus.
Brachu'na, Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
Bra'chy, (from /Jpa.xuj, * short,') in composition,
short.
Bra'ch^aucll'eil, gen. Brachyauch'enis, (brn-
chy, and av)(rjv, 'neck.') One who has a short
neck,
Bra'cliyceph'alae, (Gentes,) 'short heads,'
(brachy, and KecpaXtj, ' head.') In the classifica-
tion of Retzius, those nations of men whose
cerebral lobes do not completely cover the cere-
bellum ; as the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians, Turks,
Tartars, &g.
Bra'chycephario, Brachy cepJial'icua. Having
a short head,
Bra'chychron'ius, {brachy, and xP°^s, 'time.')
That which continues but a short time. A term
applied to diseases which are of short duration.
Bra'chygna'thus or Brachyg'nathus, {bra-
chy, and ymdoi, * the under jaw.') A monster
with too short an under jaw.
Bra'chymetro'pia, {brachy, fitrpov, 'measure,'
and w\J/, ' the eye/) Myopia.
Brachyn'sis, {(ipaxvvt», 'I shorten,') Abbre-
viation.
Brachypnce'a, {brachy, and nveu>, 'I breathe,')
Dyspnoea.
Brachyp'oti, {brachy, and ^ortjg, 'drinker.')
They who drink little, or who drink rarely.
Brachyrhyn'chus, {brachy, and py:^©?, 'snout.')
A monster with too short a nose.
Bracliys'mus, (from Ppaxvs, 'short,') Abbre-
viation.
Brac"ing, Corroborant.
Brack'en, (Sax. bpecan, 'to break,* on ac-
count of the broken character of the leaves,)
Pteris aquilina — b. Rock, Polypodium, P. in-
canum.
Brack'en Root, Polypodium vulgare.
Bra'dy, (from Iipa5vs, 'difficult,' 'tardy,') in
composition, the same.
Bra'dyaesthe'sia, {brady, and aiadrimi, 'sensa-
tion.') Impaired sensation.
Bra'dybolis'mus, {brady, and /3aAAw, 'I
throw,') Bradyspermatismus.
Bradyecoi'a, {brady, and amrj, 'hearing,')
Deafness.
Bradyfl'brin, see Corium phlogisticum.
Brad'ycrote, Bradyc'rotus, (from brady, and
Kporeif, ' to strike.') An agent that diminishes the
number of pulsations of the heart; as veratrum
viride.
Bradylog"ia, Dysla'lia, {brady, and "kayoi, 'a
discourse,') Difficulty of speech.
Bradymase'sis, Brady masse' sis, improperly
Brady muste' sis, Mandaca'tio diffic''ilis, {brady,
and (taimoii, ' mastication.') Difficult mastication.
See Dysmasesis.
Bradymaste'sis, Bradyraasesis.
Bradypep'sia, (/Jpa^oTTE^/ta, from brady, and
tarru), ' I digest,') Tarda cibo'rum concoc'tio. Slow
digestion. See Dyspepsia.
Bradyspermatis'mus, BradyboUs'mus, Ejacu-
la'tio seia'itils impedi'ta, Dyspermatis'nms, {brady,
and mepixa, ' sperm,') A slow emission of sperm,
Brady SU'ria, Tenes'ians vesi'cse, (F,) Tenesme
vesical, {brady, and ovpew, 'to pass the urine.')
Painful evacuation of the urine, with perpetual
desire to void it. Dysuria.
' Bradytoc'ia, {brady, and tokos, ' birth,') Dys-
tocia,
1 Brag'get, Brag'gart, Brag'wort. A name for-
I merly applied to a tisan of honey and water.
' See Hydromeli.
i Brai Idquide, see Pinus sylvestris — 6. Sec,
Colophonia.
Braid'ism, see Magnetism, animal.
Brain, (Sax.bjiaegen,) Cerebrum — b. Abdomi-
nal of Wrisberg, see Wrisberg — b. Fag, see Ner-
vous diathesis — b. Fever, F, cerebral, Phrenitis
— b. Little, Cerebellum — b. Pan, Cranium — b.
Petrified, see Exostosis — b. Sand, see Pineal gland
— b. Sclerosis of, see Sclerosis — b. Softening
of, Mollitics cerebri.
Braine, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Braine is a
small village, three leagues from Soissons, France,
which has purgative waters similar to those of
Passy.
BrairHe, Primula veris.
Brake, Com'mon, (same etymon as Bracken,)
Pteris aquilina — b. Rock, Polypodium incanum,
Polypodium vulgare.
Brake'root, Polypodium vulgare.
Bra'king, Vomiting, Vomiturition.
Bram'ble, Amer'ican Hair'y, see Rubus fru-
ticosus — b. Common, Rubus fruticosus.
Bram'ble Ber'ries, see Rubus fruticosus.
Bran, ([F,] Bran,) Furfur.
Brancard, Litter.
Brancursine Bdtarde, Heracleum spondy-
lium.
Bran'ca German'ica, ([I.] irojjca, 'a pnw,')
Heracleum spondylium — b. Ursiua, Acanthus
mollis — b. Vera, Acanthus mollis.
Branch, ([F,] Brnnche, originally, probably,
from ^pax^f^v, ' an arm,' [?] because branches of
trees, &c., go off like arms.) A term applied,
generally, to the principal division of an artery
or nerve. The word is commonly used synony-
mously with Ramus; but often, with the French,
Branche signifies the great division — Kamean,
Lat. Ramus, the division of the branches ; and
Ramuscules, (L.) Eamusculi, the divisions of these
last.
The French, also, speak of the branches of the
pubis for the rami of that bone, branches of the
ischium for the rami of the ischium, &c.
Branches de la Moelle A.llongee (JPetites),
Corpora restiformia.
Bran'cM, Bran'chse. Swellings of the tonsils,
or parotid, according to some; of the thyroid
gland, according to others.
Bran' cilia, (Gr,) ^payxia. The gills or respira-
tory organs of fishes, corresponding to the lungs
of terrestrial animals.
Bran'chial Cleft, see Cleft.
Bran'chus, {^payxos,) Rance'do. A catarrhal
affection of the mucous membrane of the fauces,
trachea, <&c. Hoarseness.
Bran'ci, Cynanche tonsillaris.
Bran'cia, Vitrum.
Brand'wine, Brandy,
Bran'dy, ([G,] Branntwein, (D.) Brand-
wijn, ' burnt wine,* (Old Eng.) Brandwine,) Vi-
num adus'tum seu crema'tum, A'qua Vi'ttv, (F.)
Spi'ritus vini Gall'ici (Ph. U. S.), Sj)irit of French
Wine, Spir'itus GaU'icus, Eaa de vie, (S.) Aguar-
diente. The first liquid product obtained by dis-
tilling wine. It is composed of water, alcohol,
and an aromatic oily matter, which gives it its
flavor, and ought to contain from 48 to 56 per
cent, of absolute alcohol. Brandy is a powerful
and diffusible stimulant, and as such is used in
medicine. It has been also called Li'quor Aquile'-
gius. See Spirit.
Bran'dy, Ap'ple, see Pyrus malus — b. Egg,
see Ovum.
Bran'dy Bot'tles, see Nymphaea lutea — b.
Face, Gutta rosea.
Bran'dywine, Min'eral Wa'ters of. These
are in Delaware, a few miles from Wilmington,
and have been much frequented. They are cha-
lybeate.
Branks,(from bronchi, [?])Cynancheparotida^a.
Brankur'sine, Acanthus mollis.
Branntwein, ([G.] 'burnt wine,') Brandy^
Bran'ny Tetter, Pityriasis.
140
BRAS
BEEDISSURE
Bras. Sec Oryza.
BrtM, ([F,] 'arm,') Brachiuin — b. du Cervelet,
Corpora restiforinia.
Bras'dor's Opera'tioa for An'eurism. An
operation, by ligature, proposed by Brasdur,
which consists in the application of the ligature
on the distill side of the tumor.
Bras^gur, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bras6gur is
a i)iiu;e in the diocese of Khodez, where there are
cathartic waters.
Brase'nia, B. hydropeltis.
Bkase'nia Hydiiopel'tis, Brase'nia, B.Pelta'ta,
Hydropel'tis pitrpu'rea, Gelati'na aquat' tea, Fro(j'-
leaf. Little Water Lily, Water jelly, Water shield,
Water target, Deer'/ood. An indigenous plant,
Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceie, Sex Sy>it. Polyandria
Pulygynia, flourishing from Kentucky to Caro-
lina and Florida; and covering the surface of
ponds, marshes, &c. The fresh leaves are mu-
cilagiuous, and have been used in pulmonary
complaints, dysentery, &c., like Cetraria.
Brase'nia Pelta'ta, B. hydropeltis.
Brash, (Sc), (like (E.) brush.) A transient
attack of sickness. In Scotland, a bodily indis-
position. A rash or eruption, (Prov. West of
England.)
Brash, Wa'ter, Pyrosis.
Bbash, Wean'ing, (Sc.) Spa'ning brash,
Atroph'ia seu Diar'rhcea Ablactato' rum. A se-
vere form of diarrhoea, which supervenes at
times on weaning. The Maladie du Oruveilhier
appears to be a similar affection.
Brasiletto, see Ctesalpinia.
Bra'sium, Malt.
Bras'mos, {^paaauv, ^ io agitate,') Fermentation.
Brass, (Sax. bpaf, Welsh, pres.) AurichaV-
eum, Orichal'ciim, G hrysoehal' cus, Chal'cus, Ene-
ca'vitm, (F.) Airain, Guivrejaiine. A yellow metal,
formed by mixing copper with calamine. The
same general remarks apply to it as to copper.
Brassfounders' Ague, see Ague.
Bras'sica, Cram'be, B. olera'eea seu capita'ta
seu cuma'ua of the old Romans. The Cabbage,
(F.) Chou potager. Order, Cruciferae. Sex. Sysf.
Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cato wrote a book on
its virtues. It is a vegetable by no means easy
of digestion when boiled ; when raw, it appears
to be more digestible. When forming a solid,
globular mass, like a head, it is the B. capita'ta,
(F.) Ghou-Cabus, Ghou Pomtni.
Bras'sica Cani'na, Mercurialis perennis — b.
Capitata, Brassica — b. Cumana, Brassica.
Bras'sica Eru'ca, B. hia'pida, Eru'ca, E.foe'-
tida sea nati'va, Sina'pia eru'ca, Sisyiu'brinm
erucaa'trum, Gar'den Roek'et, Ro'man Rock'et,
Shin'lock, Ac, (F.) Ghou Roqnette, Roquette.
This was considered by the Romans an aphro-
di«iao. The seeds were ordinarily used.
Bras'sica Flou'ida, — Braaaica Pompeia'na of
the ancients — the Gaul' ijloioer, Gau'lia Flur'ida,
(F.) CImu-JUut, is a more tender and digestible
variety.
The Broc'colt, B. Sabel'lica of the Romans, B.
Jlal'ica, belongs to this variety.
Bras'sica Hih'pida, B. eruca — b. Italica, B.
Florida — b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella.
Bhah'sica Na'PUS, Na'ptta Syliica'tria, Bu'nias,
Rape, (F.) Navette. The seed yields, on expres-
Bion, K quantity of oil, which, at times, forms
part of liniments.
Bras'sica Ni'ora, Sinapia nigra— b. Oblonga,
B, rapa — b. Oleracea, Brassica — b. Pomneiaua.
B. Florida. ^
BRAs'MldA Ra'pa, Ra'pa rotun'da seu oblon'ga
•eu ua'piit, Jin'pum ma'jna, Sina'pia tubero'an,
Tur'uip, (F.) GItuu »«tY(, Navet, Rave. The tur-
nip is liablu to the same objectiuu, but to a less
extent, as the cabhiigo.
Brah'nica Saukl'ijca, B. Florida.
Bra'tha, {0pa&v,) Juuipurus sabiuo.
Braw'lins, Arbutus uva ursi, Vaccinium vitis
idaja.
Brawn, Muscle.
Brax'y. A term applied to many fatal dis-
eases of sheep, and especially to a form of an-
thrax or carbuncular fever.
Brayer, Truss.
Braye'ra Anthelmin'tica, (after Brayer, a
German physician,) see Hagenia Abyssinica — b.
Anthelmintica, Hagenia Abyssinica.
Brazil'wood, Ciesalpinia echinata.
Bread, ([Sax.] bpeob,) see Triticum.
Bread, Gltj'ten. Bread made of wheat dough
deprived of the chief portion of its starch by
washing. Bread made of gluten only cannot be
eaten, on account of its hardness and toughness ;
hence one-fifth of the normal quantity of starch
is allowed to remain, and in this form the bread
is said to be tolerably light, eatable, and mod-
erately agreeable.
Bread, House'hold, Syncomistos — b. In-
dian, Lycoperdon tuber — b. St. John's, Ceratouia
siliqua.
Bread'berry, Pap.
Bread'fruit Tree, Artoearpus.
Bread'root, Camassia esculenta, Psoralea escu-
lenta.
Break'bone Fe'ver, Dengue.
Breast, ([Sax.] bpeoj-c,) Thorax, Mamma —
b. Abscess of the, Mastodynia apostematosa.
Breast, Beo'ken, see Mastodynia apostema-
tosa.
Breast, Gath'ered, Mastodynia apostematosa
— b. Irritable, Neuralgia mammae • — b. Pigeon,
see Lordosis.
Breast'bone, Sternum.
Breast'glass, Milk'glasa. A glass applied to
the nipple to receive the milk when secreted co-
piously by the mamma.
Breast'pang, Suffocative, Angina pectoris.
Breast'pump, Antlia lactea.
Breast'weed, Saururus ceruuus.
Breath., (Sax. bpa'Se,) Hal'itus, Anhel'itua,
An'imna, Spir'itus, At'mos, Pnoe'n, Pno'e, Pnous,
(Old Eng.) Aande, and Aude, Wind, (F.) Haleine.
The air expelled from the chest at each expira-
tion. It requires to be studied in the diagnosis
of thoracic diseases especially. See Respiration.
Breath, Offen'sive, Fce'tor O'ria, Gatostoma-
tosphre'aia, Hal'itus o'ris foe'tidus, O'ze, Ozo-
stom'ia. An offensive condition, which is usually
dependent upon carious teeth, or some faulty
state of the secretions of the air-passages. The
smell is at times fecal ; at others, like that of
ozaena; and at others, of a gangrenous character.
The internal use of the chlorides may be advan-
tageous.
Breath, Pulse. An audible pulsation given
to the breath, as it issues from the mouth, by
each beat of the heart, occasionally heard, ac-
cording to Dr. Radclyffe Hall, in dry tuberculous
cavities with dense walls not separated from the
heart by permeable lung tissue.
Breath, Sat'urnine, see Saturnine — b. Shorty,
Dyspnoea.
Breath'ing Air, see Respiration.
BuEATii'i.NG, Dif'ficulty OF, Dyspnooa — b.
Sus[)irous, see Suspirium.
Breath'ing a Vein, see Bloodletting.
Brechet, (F.) Brisket, ([?] 'breast-cut:) This
name is given in some parts of France to the
cartilago ensiforinis, and sometimes to the ster-
num itself.
Brech'ma, gen. Brech'matia, (BpeXfia,) Bregma.
Brech'mus, (PpexiifK,) Bregma.
BredtHHure (F.), Tris'vius Gapistra'tua. Inca-
pacity of opening the mouth, in consequence of
preternatural adhesion between the internal part
of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by th«
abuse of mercury.
BREDOUILLEMENT
BROMAL
141
Bredouillement (P.), Tittihan'tia. A precipi-
late and indistinct mode of utterance, in which a
part of the words is pronciuueed, and several of
the syllables are viciously changed. This defect
is analogous to stuttering, but is rather dependent
on too great rapidity of speech ; while stuttering
is characterized by continual hesitation, and
frequent repetition of the same syllables.
Bree (Sc), (brow,) Supercilium.
Breecli, Nates.
Breed, (from [Sax.] bpeban, *to nourish,')
Eace.
Breed'ing, Greneration, Pregnant.
Bkeed'ing, Cross. The act of raising or breed-
ing from different stocks or families.
Breed'ing-in-and-in. The act of raising or
breeding from the same stock or family.
Breells, Spectacles,
Breg'ma, gen. Breg'matis, Brech'ma, Brech'-
mns, {fiot')(^tiv, ' to moisten.') Fontnnel'la, Sin'ci-
»♦ put. The top of the head was thus called, be-
I cause it was believed to be humid in infants;
i and because it was conceived to correspond to
the most humid part of the brain.
Bregmatodym'ia, {hregma, and Ivut, *I enter
into,') see Cephalodymia.
Bren'ning, (Teut. brennen, 'to burn,') Burning.
Brephoc'tonon, (^ptfoKTovov, from &i)ii(>oi, ' a
babe,' and «T£tfw, 'I kill.') Conyza squarrosa.
Brephotrophe'um, {fSpEcporpoiprnv, from /J/je^oj,
•a new-born child,' and rpcipcw, 'to nourish,') Bc-
thetobrephotrophe'um, Ecthetotrophe'um. A found-
, ling hospital.
Bres'chet's Bone'canals, (after the French
anatomist, Breschet,) see Diploic — B.'s Veins,
see Diploic.
Bresillet, Caesalpina sappan.
Bres'lau Test. A test to discover if an infant
I had breathed before death; the floating of the
stomach and bowels in water, when in the condi-
tion in which they are first taken from the body,
' showing that the child has been born alive. It is
subordinate, however, to the lung test.
Bre'via Va'sa, 'Short Ves'sels,' (F.) Vaissennx
courts. This name has been given to several
branches of the splenic arteries and veins, dis-
tributed to the great eul-de-sdc of the stomach.
Bre'vis Cu'biti, ('short [muscle] of the el-
bow,') see Anconeus.
Brick, (F.) Briqne. Hot bricks are sometimes
used to apply heat to a part, as to the abdomen
in colic, or after the operation for popliteal aneu-
rism ; or, reduced to very fine powder, and mixed
with fat, as an application to herpetic and psoric
affections.
Bricks, Foma'cea Tes'tse or Tiles were formerly
bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used as a
specific in cutaneous affections. They entered,
also, into a cerate used for herpetic and other
eruptions, &c. To the Terra Forna'cum, or Brick
earth, the same virtues were assigned.
Bricklayer's Itch, Eczema impetiginioides.
Brick'like Sed'iment, see Lateritious.
Bricu'mum, Artemisia.
Bt'ide (F.), ('a bridle,') Frrn'mihim, Eetinac'-
ulum. This term is given, in the plural, to mem-
branous filaments, which are found within ab-
scesses or deep-seated wounds, and which prevent
the exit of pus. The term is, also, applied to
preternatural adhesions, which occur in cicatrices
of the skin, in the urethra, or in inflamed serous
or synovial membranes.
Bridge of Nose. This is formed by the junction
of the two nasal bones, which are place<i side by
side at the middle and upper part of the face.
Brief, (a corruption of) Rife.
Bri'er, Wild, ([Sax.] bpsep,) Rosa canina.
Bright' s Disease' of the Kid'ney, see Kidney,
Bright's disease of the.
Bright'on, Cli'mate of. The air of this fash-
ionable watering-place, on the south coast of
England, is dry, elastic, and bracing. Its climate
appears to the greatest advantage in the autumn
and early part of the winter; when it is somewhat
milder and more steady than that of Hastings.
Accordingly, it is adapted for all cases in which
a dry and mild air at this season of the year
proves beneficial. In the spring months, owing
to the prevalence of, and its exposure to, north-
east winds, the climate is cold, harsh, and exciting
to the delicate. It is well adapted for convales-
cents, and for all who require a dry and bracing
sea air.
Brim'stone, {hrin or bren atone, that is, 'fiery
or burning stone' [?],) Sulphur.
Brine, ([Sax.] bpyne,) Muria.
Brin'ton Boot, Leptandria purpurea.
Brinvil'liers, Spigelia anthelmia.
Bri'on, Corallina.
JBrique, Brick.
Briquebec, Min'eral Wa'ters of. This town
is three leagues from Cherbourg, in France. The
water contains chloride of iron.
Briquete, (from brique,) Lateritious.
Brisecoque (F.), {briser, 'to break to pieces,*
and coque, 'a shell.') An instrument designed
by Heurteloup for breaking to pieces the shell of
a vesical calculus, after it has been hollowed by
his mandriu d virgule.
Brisepierre A.Tticul6 (F.), (briser, 'to break
to pieces,' and pierre, 'a stone.') An instrument
invented by Jacobson for crushing the stone in
the bladder.
Bris'tol Hot Well, BristoHen'sis A'qna. Bris-
tol is about thirteen miles from Bath, in England.
The water is an almost pure thermal ; slightly
acidulated. It contains chlorides of magnesium
and sodium, sulphate of soda, sulphate of lime,
carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, oxygen, and
azote. Temperature, 74° Fahr. The Hot Well
has been long celebrated. Its action is like that
of thermal waters in general. The climate of
Bristol is mild, and hence the water has been cel-
ebrated for the cure of incipient pulmonary con-
suiDption. See Clifton.
Brizoc'eras, Ergot.
Broad, (Sax. bpab,) Latua, (F.) Large. Any
body is so termed whose transverse extent is con-
siderable compared with its length. The Broad
Bonen, as the frontal, parietal, occipital, and
iliac, aid in forming the parietes of splanchnic
cavities. Broad Nuacles generally occupy the
parietes of cavities, and especially those of the
chest and abdomen. The epithet has also been
applied to other parts — as to the broad ligaments
of the womb, &c.
Broai> Lig'aments, Inflammation of, see Liga-
ments, broad.
Broc'coli, Brassica sabellica.
Bro'chos, dSpoxos,) La'queua. A bandage.
Brocht, Vomiting.
Broch'thus, iPpox^oi,) Gu'la. The throat, also
a kind of small drinking vessel.
Bro'chus, (Bpoxos.) This name has been given
to one who has a very prominent upper lip. Ac-
cording to others, it means one whose teeth pro-
ject in front of the mouth.
Bro'dium. A synonym of Jus or Jus'mdum,
Broth, or the liquor in which anything is boiled.
Bro'dium aa'lis — a decoction of salt.
Broiementf (from broyer, ' to grind, to pound,')
see Cataract, Laceration — b. Lineaire, see Ecra-
seur — b. de la Pierre, Lithrotity.
Broke'leak, Rumex hydrolapathum.
Bro'ken Breast, see Mastodynia apostematosa
— b. Doses, see Doses, broken — b. Winded, Asth-.
matic — b. Windedness, Asthma.
Bro'ma, {^p^iia, 'food,') Aliment; (fipivfioi, 'a
stench,') Bromine.
Bro'mal, Hy'drate of, Bromal Hydrate. Chcm-
142
BROMATE
ically analogous to chloral hydrate, ntid prepared
by the action of bromine by a similar process.
A white cry8talHne soluble substance, with an
odor like that of chloral, and a pungent taste.
Its physiological efi'ects are said to resemble those
of chloral hydrate, but bromal is more caustic
and irritating, producing vomiting, diarrhoea, &c.,
and its value as a hypnotic agent is not estab-
lished. Applied externally, it is eaid to cause
erythema and deep-seated infiltration of the areo-
lar tissue.
Bro'mated Cam'plior, see Camphor, bromized.
Bromatoec'crisis, [^i^oina, gen. fipwiJiaTOi, 'food,'
and iKKptmi, 'excretion,') Lientery.
Bromatog'raphy, Bromatogiaph'ia, Bromog'-
raphy, Bromngrnph'ia, {^fxafta, gen. ^piiiiiaroi,
* food,' and Ypa<p*i, ' a description.') A description
of aliments.
Bromatol'Og^, Bromcttoloj"i'a, Sitiol'ogy,(0p(a-
fta, gen. ^fHafiaTo^, ' food,' and Aoyof, * a discourse.')
A treatise on food.
Brome, Bromine.
Brome'grass, Bromus oiliatus — b. Soft, Bro-
mus ciliatus.
Brome'lia Ana'nas, (after Olaus Bromel, a
botanist of Sweden,) Car'duua BrazUia'nus, Ana'-
noH, A. ova'ta seu aculea'ta, Atias'sa, Ga'pa-
Iniak'ka, Ana'nas or Pine Ap'ple, Sour' sop. Or-
der, Bromeliaceae. A West India tree, which
produces the most delicious of fruits.
Bkome'lia Pin'guin, Aiia'naa America'na, Pin'-
gut'n, Broad-leaved toild Ana'nas, &c. The West
India plant, which aifords the Pinguin fruit. The
fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very
austere. It is used to acidulate punch. A wine
is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi-
cating, and has a good flavor.
Bro'mic, Bro'micus; same etymon as Bromine.
Containing bromine.
Bro'mide of Ammo'nium, Ammonii bromidum
— b. of Calcium, Calcii bromidum — b. of Cam-
phor, Camphor, bromide of — b. of Iron, Ferri
bromidum — b. of Lithium, Lithii bromidum
— b. of Mercury, Hydrargyri bromidum — b. of
Morphia, Morphia, bromide of — b. of Potassium,
Potassii bromidum — b. of Sodium, Sodii bromi-
dum — b. of Strychnia, Strychnia, bromide of.
Bro'mides, (F.) Bronmres. Several of these
compounds have a therapeutic value, (see Ferri
bromidum, Potassii bromidum, Lithii bromidum,
Calcii bromidum, <fec.,) exercising a remarkable
influence in allaying nervous irritation, in a large
class of obscure and obstinate diseases.
Bromidro'sis, {^p(i>iJog, ' stench,' and iSpu>g,
* sweat.') Fetid sweat, which is, at times, general,
Bromidro' aia universa'lis; at others, partial, B.
loca'lis.
Bro'mine, Bro'minum (Ph. U. S., 1842), now
Bioiiiin'ium, Bro'ma, Broinin'euin, Bro'mium,
Bro'mina, Bro'mum, Mu'rina, Mu'ride, Brome.
A simple body, s. g. 3, of a very volatile nature,
and highly offensive and suffocating odor, whence
its name, (/Spw/ioj, ' a stench.') It is met with
ohiofly in sea- water, and in many animal and
vegetable bodies that live therein. It has like-
wise been found in many mineral waters of this
and other countries. In its chemical relations,
it may be plaoed between chlorine and iodine.
With oxygen it forms an acid — the Bro'mic, and
with hydrogen another — the Hydrohro'mic. Bro-
mine may be dissolved in forty parts of distilled
water, and six drops be commenced with as a dose.
Internally, in its combination, it is alterative.
It ii also used externally, especially in hospital
gangrene, either alone or dissolved in water.
Bito'MlNE, CnLo'KinK OK, llromin'ii cklo'ridum
— made by puHsing rhl„ri>ie through bromine, and
condensing the resulting vapors by cold, has been
prescribed internally, as well as externally, in
cancer and malignant tumors; but chiefly in the
BRONCHIAL
latter mode, in the form of a caustic paste, either
alone or with other chlorides — as those of zinc,
antimony, and gold. Llandolfi's paste was thus
variously composed. It was, at one time, much
extolled in cancer.
Bro'mism, Bromis'mus, (F.) Bromisrtie, (from
bromine.) The general cachectic condition inducea
by bromine, when affecting the system toxically.
Bro'mium, Bromine.
Bro'moform. A liquid substance produced by
the action of bromine on a solution of potassa in
wood spirit. It has been employed as an anags-
thetic, being in its effects similar to chloroform.
Bromog'raphy, Bromatography.
Bromo'sus, {^imftew, 'I stink,') Fetid.
Bro'mum, Bromine.
Bromura'ted, Bromura'tus, Bromnret'ted, (F.)
BromwS. Containing bromine or bromide.
JBromurS, Bromurated.
Bromure de Fer, Ferri bromidum — b. de Mer--
ctire, Hydrargyri bromidum — b. de Potassium^
Potassii bromidum — see Bromides.
Bromuret'ted, Bromurated.
Bro'mus, {l3pu>fioi.) One of the cerealia, sup-
posed, by some, to be oats. See Avena.
Bro'musCilia'tus, {(SfJUfio^,) B . pur' gans, Brome''
grass ; indigenous : Order, Graminees ; is said to
be emetic and anthelmintic, cathartic and di-
uretic. It purges cattle.
Bro'mus Gla'ber, Triticum repens.
Bro'mus Mol'lis, Soft Brome'grass. The seeds
are said to cause giddiness in man, and to be
fatal to poultry.
Bro'mus Pur'gans, B. ciliatus — b. Temulen-
tus, Lolium temulentum.
Broucha'denes, {bronchia, and a^v, 'a gland,')
Bronchial glands.
Broncharc'tia, {bronchia, and arc/are, 'to con-
tract,') Bronchiostenosis.
Bronchec'tasis, {bronchia, and ticraais, 'dilata-
tion,') Bronchia, dilatation of the.
Jironches, Bronchia — 5. Ganglions lymphat-
iques des, Bronchial glands.
Bron'cM, Bronchia.
Bron'cllia, pi. of bronchion, {(ipoyxia,) Bron'-
chise, Bron'cM. The Latins used the term Bron-
chus for the whole of the trachea; whilst they
called its ramifications ^rowc^io. Bronchia, Bron-
chise, and Bronchi, (F.) Branches, now mean the
two tubes, with their ramifications, which arise
from the bifurcation of the trachea, and carry air
into the lungs — Can'mdse pulmo'num, Syrin'g'ea
seu Cana'les aerif'eri.
Bbon'chia, Dilata'tion op the, Dila'ted Bron'-
chia, Bronchec'tasis, Bronchiec'tasis, Bilata'tio
bronchia' rum. The physical signs of this condi-
tion are the following : Percussion usually clear,
but not unfrequently less so than natural, although
very seldom quite dull. Auscultation detects coarse
mucous or gurgling rhonchi, increased by the
cough, combined with, or replaced by, bronchial
or cavernous respiration, which is often effected
as if by a sudden pufi' or whifi". The resonance
of the voice is increased, but it seldom amounts
to perfect pectoriloquy. The most common situa-
tions for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam-
mary, and lateral regions. They are almost al-
ways confined to one side.
Bron'chia, Oblitf.ra'tion or CoypREs'siON OF
THE. The inspiratory murmur on auscultation is
weaker or wholly suppressed over a limited por-
tion of the chest ; tne expiration is generally
more distinct and prolonged : all the other condi-
tions are natural.
Bron'chiae, see Bronchia.
Bron'chial, Bron'chic, Bronchia'Us, Bron'chi-
cus, (F.) lironchial, Bronchique. That which re-
lates to the Bronchia.
Bron'chial Ar'teries, Arte'rim Bron'chica,
seu Bronchia' lea, {¥.) Artires Bronchiqves. These
BRONCHIAL
BRONCHOPNEUMONIA 143
are generally two in number, one going to each
lung. They arise from the thoracic aorta, and
accompany the bronchia in all their ramifications.
Bron'chial Cells, see Cellules, bronchic, and
Pulmo.
i Buon'chial Cough, (F.) Toux bronchique, T.
tuhaire. This generally accompanies bronchial
respiration. Both indicate obstruction to the
entrance of air into the air-cells.
Bron'chial Glands, Br oncha' denes, Olan'dulse
Vesalia'nas, Glands of Vesa'lius, (F.) Glundes
, bronchiques, Ganglions lymphatiques des branches,
j are numerous glands of an ovoid shape ; of a red-
I dish hue in the infant, and subsequently brown
, and black, seated in the course of the bronchia.
' Their functions are unknown. The bronchial
I glands may be presumed to be aflfeoted by scrofu-
losis, when, in addition to the existence of tumors
i in the neck, percussion gives a dull sound under
!■ the upper and central part of the sternum, while
I there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs.
Bron'chial Nerves, (F.) Nerfs bronchiques,
! are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses.
Bron'chial Phthi'sis, see Phthisis, bronchial
— b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory.
Bron'chial Sep'tum, Sep'tum bronchia'le. A
name given, by Professor Gross, to a spur or
i ridge, which projects upwards within the trachea
at the point of bifurcation ; which may direct
any extraneous body into the right bronchus.
Bron'chial Veins arise from the last divisions
of the arteries of the same name, and pass, on the
• right side, into the vena azygos; on the left, into
! the superior intercostal.
Bron'ohic, Bronchial.
Bronclliec'tasis, [bronchia, and ticrams, 'dilata-
tion.') Bronchia, dilatation of the.
BroncMi'tis, Bronchitis.
' Brou'chio, Broncho, {^poyxoi, 'the throat, the
I windpipe,') in composition, bronchia or bronchus.
Bron'cMole, Bronchi' olum, Bronchi' olns; (dim.
of Bronchium or Bronchus.) A minute bronchial
tube.
Bronchiopneumo'iiia, Bronchopneumonia.
Bronchiosteno'sis, Bronchiarc'tia, (bronchio,
'- and areviJiaii, * contraction.') Contraction or nar-
rowness of the bronchi.
Bronchique, Bronchial.
BroncMs'inus. Spasmodic contraction of the
bronchia.
Bronchite Convulsive, Pertussis — b. Pseudo-
membraneuse, Polypus bronchial is.
Bronchi'tis, gen. Bronchi' tidis, Bronchii'tis,
(bronchia and itis,) Injlamma'tio bronchio' rum,
Catar'rhus Pulmo' num seu bronchio'rum, Fleuri'tis
hn'mida seu bronchia'lis. Bronchos' tasis, Angi'na
bronchia'lis, Pul'monary catarrh', (F.) Inflamma-
tion des bronches. Inflammation of the lining
membrane of the bronchial tubes. This is always
more or less present in cases of pulmonary ca-
tarrh ; and is accompanied by cough, mucous ex-
pectoration, dyspnoea, and more or less uneasi-
ness in breathing. Tiie acute form is accompanied
with all the signs of internal inflammation, and
requires the employment of antiphlogisties fol-
lowed by revulsives. The chronic form, Tus'sin
eeni'lis, Catar'rhus seni'lis, Rheu'ma catarrha'le,
Perlpneumo'nia no'tha, Bronchorrhje'a acn'ta,
Win'ter Cough, Chron'ic Catarrh', may be con-
founded with phthisis; from which it must bo
distinguished mainly by the absence of hectic
fever and of the physical signs that are charac-
teristic of the latter, as well as by the nature of
the expectoration, which is generally mucous, al-
I though at times muco-purulent. When the ex-
j! pectoration is little or none, the bronchitis is said
; to be dry,— dry catarrh, (F.) Catarrhe sec; when
fetid, the disease is termed fet'id bronchitis.
Bronchitis is said also to be rheumatic, gouty,
Kuphilitic, typhoid, &G., when occurring secondarily
in such constitutional affections. Plastic bron-
chitis is characterized by the formation of solid
or tubular concretions of exudation-matter
within the bronchial tubes. See Polypus bron-
chialis.
When bronchitis aff"ect3 the smaller tubes, it is
termed cap'illary bronchi'tis, bronchi'tis cnpilla'-
ris, bronchoc'ace infanti'lis [.^], and is often fatal
to children. Vesic'ular bronchitis is used by MM.
Rilliet and Barthez for the vesicidar pneumonia
of children.
Bronchi'tis, Catarrh — b. Astheniea, Peripneu-
monia notha — b. Capillary, see Bronchitis — b.
Carbonaceous, see Miners' asthma — b. Chronic,
see Bronchitis — • b. Convulsiva, Pertussis — b.
Crouposa, Polypus bronchialis — b. Exsudativa,
Polypus bronchialis — b. Fetid, see Bronchitis.
Bronchi'tis, Mechan'ical. Inflammation of
the lining membrane of the air-tubes, induced by
the inhalation of irritating particles.
Bronchi'tis Membrana'cea, Polypus bronchia-
lis — b. Plastic, Polypus bronchialis and Bron-
chitis — b. Potters', Consumption, potters' — b.
Pseudomembranous, Polypus bronchialis — b.
Summer, Fever, hay — b. Vesicular, see Bronchitis.
Brou'chius, Sterno-thyroideus.
Bronclilemini'tis, {broncho, \Efina, *a sheath,*
and itis,) Cynanche trachealis, Polypus bronchi-
alis.
Bron'clio, in composition, see Bronchio.
BroncllOC'acfi, {broncho, and KaKOi, 'faulty,')
Peripneumonia notha — b. Infantilis, see Bron-
chitis.
Bronchooatar'rlius, Catarrh.
Bronchoce'le, {(^poy^oKrjXri, from broncho, and
ktiXt], ' tumor,') Bron' chocele. An inaccurate name
for the aff'ection which is called, also, Bo'chinm,
Bo'tium, Bo'cium, Her'nia gut'turis se\x giittura' lis
seu bronchia'lis, Gat'tur tu'midnm seu globo'-
sum, Trachelophy'ma, Thyroce'le, Thyreoce'le, Tra-
cheoce'le, Tracheloce'le, 'fhyremphrax'iff, Thyreo-
phrax'ia, Thyrophrax'ia, Thyreon'cus, Thyr:i'on-\
Deiron'cus, Deron'cue, Gos'sum, Go'tium, £xcche-
bron'chus, Gongro'na, Stru'ma, Follic'ular struma,
Glans, Tu'ber guttaro'sum, Gutte'ria, kc, the
Der'byshire neck, Swell'ed neck, Wen, Goitre, &G.,
(F.) Goitre, Goitre, Gouetre, Hypertrophic du
Corps Thyro'ide, Grosse Gorge, Gros Con, (S.)
Goto. This is no rupture, but consists of an en-
largement of the thyroid gland. It is common
at the base of lofty mountains in every part of
the world; and has been supposed to be owing to
the drinking of snow-water, but it occurs where
there is no snow. The tumor is sometimes very
extensive. Iodine has great power over it, and
will generally occasion its absorption, when tbo
case has not been of such duration as to have
ended in a cartilaginous condition. Shakspeare
describes the tumors as 'wallets of flesh.' — Gon-
zalo, in Tempest, Act III. Scene 3.
Several varieties of bronchocele have been de-
scribed — the follic'ular, fl'brous, am'yloid, vaa'-
cular, &Q.
Cysts in the thyroid gland are globular, tense,
fluctuating tumors, containing the glairy fluid of
the gland, or serous or sanguineous fluid, or old
grumous blood, constituting Cys'tic bronchocele.
Bronchoce'le, Exophthal'mic, see Exophthal-
mia.
Bronchocephali'tis, (broncho, Ke<l>a\t}, * head,'
and itis,) Pertussis.
Bronchopararysis, Asthma.
Bronch.oph'oiiy, (broncho, and ^wvi?, 'voice,')
Resonance — b. Pectoriloquous, Pectoriloquy — b.
Strong, Pectoriloquy.
Bronchoplas'tic, Bronchoplas'ticus, (broncho,
and nXaaau), 'I form.') An epithet given to tho
operation for closing fistulas in the trachea ; Bron'-
choplasty.
Bronchopneumo'lllai Bron'chiopneumo'uia,
144 BIlONCHORRHJi:MIA
BRUIT
[broncho, and pnp.umonia,) Catar'rhal pueiuno'-
nia. Inflammation of the bronchia and lungs.
Bronchorrbae'mia, {broncho, and cuiia, ' blood/)
Bronchorrhagia.
Bronchorrhag"ia, Ihouchorrhve' mia, {broncho,
and ^ywiii, ' I break forth.') Hemorrhage from
the bronchial tubes.
Bron'chorrhOB'a, (F.) BronchorrhSe, Catarrhe
pitHiteux, PhkijmorrhrKjie pulmonaire, Flux bron-
chique, {broncho, and ^w, * I flow.') An increased
secretion of mucus from the air passages, accom-
panied or not by inflammation, — a gleet, as it
were, of the pulmonary mucous membrane, Pneu-
tnorrhoe'a. When excessive, it may constitute
Phthi' 818 pituito' 8a seu niuco'sa, Mycophthi'sia.
Bronchorrhoe'a Acu'ta, Bronchitis (chronic).
Bronchorrhce'a,Fet'id, see Breath, ofi'ensive.
Bronchos'tasis, {broncho, and oraais, ' stagna-
tion,') Bronchitis.
Bronchosten'ia, Bronchosteno'sis, {broncho, and
cTcwi, ' narrow.') Contraction or narrowness of
the bronchial tubes.
Srondiototne, Bronehot'omn8, {broncho, and
TOfirj, ' incision.') A kind of lancet, with a blunt
and rounded point, mounted on a handle, and
fitted to a canula, which passes in along with it,
and is allowed to remain in the opening made in
the trachea.
Bronchot'omy, Bronchotom'ia, (F.) Bronchoto-
inie. (Same etymology.) A surgical operation,
which consists in making an opening either into
the trachea, {Trncheot'oiny :) into the larynx,
{Larymjot'omy :) or into both, {Trach' eolaryngot' -
omy,) to extract foreign bodies or to permit the
passage of air to the lungs. These diS'erent parts
are divided transversely or vertically, according
to circumstances.
Bronchovesic'ular Eespira'tion, see Respira-
tion.
Bron'chus, {^poyxoq,) sec Bronchia, Pharynx,
Trachea.
Bronz'ed Skin, see Capsule, renal — b. s. Dis-
ease, see Capsule, renal.
Brook'lime, Veronica beccabunga.
Broom, (Sax. bpom,) Sophora tinctoria, Spar-
tium scoparium — b. Butcher's, Ruscus — b. Clover,
Sophora tinctoria — b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria
— D. Rape of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana — b.
Spanish, Spartium junceum — b. Yellow, Sophora
tinctoria.
Brossardifere, Min'eral "Wa'ters of. Brossar-
difire is a chateau in Bas-Poitou, France. The
waters contain carbonates of iron and lime, chlo-
ride of sodium, and sulphate of lime. They are
aperient.
liroHse, Brush.
Broth., (Sax. bpo^, from bpu}?an, to boil,)
Bro'dium, Jun'cnliim, (F.) Bouillon. A weak de-
coction of meat, to which various vegetables and
condiments may bo added. A stronger decoction,
with various modifications, constitutes Soup, Zo-
tno8, Jug, (F.) Potuge.
Broth, Black, of the Lacedemonians. Jus-
culum nigrum Laccda>moniorum.
Broth, Chick' kn, see Chicken broth — b. Egg,
soe Ovum — b. Mutton, see Mutton — b. Veal, see
VottI tea.
Broth, Vbg"etable. Take two potatoes, a
carrot, and an onion, all cut fine ; boil in a quart
of water for an hour, adding more water from
(imo to time, flavor with salt and a small quantity
o( finthrrhii ; Htrain.
Broth'er, U'terine, see Uterine.
Itrou tie Kolx, (♦ the green envelope of the
walnut,') >(•«) Juglans regia.
liroitillnrd, (*a mist,') Caligo.
Broui'ialst. One who is a believer in, and
prufuBHor of, the pbyiiiological and pathological
opinions of BrouHsaiB. Tho system itself was
eallcd Buoub'saYum, or Tha PhyaioUnjieal Doctrine.
Brow, (Sax. bpsej?,) Front — b. Ague, Neural-
gia, facial — b. Pang, Neuralgia, facial — b. Shin,
gles, see Herpes.
Brown Red, Colcothar.
Brown'ian, Browno'nian, Bruno' nian. Relat-
ing to the system or opinions of Dr. John Brown
Brown'ian Move'ments, see Motion.
Brown'ism, Bru'nonism, Bruno' nianism. Thd
doctrines of Brown.
Brown'ist, Broicno'nian, Bruno' nian. A fol-
lower of the system of Brown.
Bru'cea Antidysenter'ica, (after Bruce, the
Abyssinian traveller.) B. ferrugin'ea, Anguntu'ra
spu'ria, (F.) Fausse Angusture, A. Ferrugineuse.
The systematic name of the plant whence was
obtained — it was supposed — false Anguntura or
false Cusparia Bark. It is really the bark of
Strychnos nux vomica.
Bruch, Aggregate Glands of, Tracho'ma
Gla)ul8 of Henle. Lymph-follicles in the conjunc-
tiva, similar in morphology to the glands of Peyer.
Bru'cia, Brucine.
Bru'cine, Bru'cia, Bruci'na, Bruci'num, Brn'-
cium, P8eudangu8turi'num,Canirami'mim, Can ira'-
mium, Vom'icine, Angus' tiirine. An organic, sali-
fiable base, discovered in the false angustura —
Brticea antidysenter'ica — and obtained from
Stryeh'noa nux vom'ica. It is of a pearly white ;
crystallizes in oblique prisms with a parallelo-
grammatic base; is very bitter, slightly acrid and
styptic, and soluble in water, but more so in alco-
hol. Brucia is a less active poison than strych-
nia. It resembles it, however, and may be used
as a substitute for it, and for the extract of nux
vomica. Dose, half a grain.
Bruck'enau, Min'eral Wa'ters of. These
springs are in Bavaria, and contain carbonic
acid and iron, and are mildly tonic.
Brucourt, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Brucourt is
three leagues and a half from Caen, in Normandy.
The waters contain carbonic acid, chloride of so-
dium, and sulphate of soda, much sulphate of
lime, <fec.
Bruick, (Sc.) Furunculus.
Bruise, (from [Sax.] bpyj-an,) Contusion.
Bruise'root, Stylophorum diphyllum.
Bruise'wort, Bellis saponaria.
JSruinsement, (F.) Frem'itus. This word has
much the same signification as Bourdonnemcnt,
as well as Bruit.
Bruit, (F.) (* noise,') Strep'itus. A sound heard
ou percussion or auscultation.
Bruit de Claquement, (* clacking sound,')
Claquement.
Bruit du Cceur Foetal, {' sound of the foetal
heart,') Battemens doublen. Double bruit du Ca'ur
du Foetus. The pulsations of the fcetal heart
heard in auscultation in the latter half of utero-
gestation.
Bruit de Coeur Neuf, {' sound of new leather,')
Bruit do craquemcnt.
Bruit de Craquement, B. de Tiraillement,
Bruit de cnir neuf, Cri de cuir, ('sound of crack-
ling, or bursting, or of new leather.') A sound
produced by the friction of the pericardium,
when dried and roughened by inflammation.
Bruit de Biahle, Itonjiement du Diable, Bruit
de soujjle 0, double courant, {' sound of tho dioble,
or humming-top,') Venoua hum. A high degree
of Bruit de aou^et, heard on auscultating the ar-
teries or veins — probably tho latter — of tho nock,
in chlorosis. It denotes an impoverished state
of the blood.
Bruit Dtmble du Cceur du Foetus, ('double
sound of the heart of the fretus,') Bruit du Coeur
fcetal — b. d' Expansion pulmonaire, see Murmur,
respiratory — b. de Froissement pulmonaire, see
Froissement pulmonaire — b. de Frdlemnit, see
Frdlement — b, de Fr6lement p(ricardique, see
FrOlement p6rioardique.
BRUIT
BEUXANELLI
145
Bruit de Frottcment Ascendant et Descend"
ant, ('sound of friction of ascent and descent.')
Sounds produced by the rubbing of the lung
against the parietes of the chest, as it rises and
falls during inspiration and expiration. They
are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the pleura
has become roughened by the disease. Fric'tion
sounds, Ruh'bing sounds, To-and-fro sounds, are
also heard in pericarditis and peritonitis. They
may also be produced in the situation of any of
the organs contained in the abdominal cavity, or
of any morbid growth developed there, indepen-
dent of acute inflammation.
Bruit Mumorique, (* humoric sound,') B. Hy-
dropnetimatique. The sound afforded on percus-
sion when organs are filled with liquid and air.
Bmiit Hydropnetmiatique, Bruit humorique
— 6. de Jiippement, see Silflement moduli — h. de
Lime d bois, see Bruit de Scie.
Bruit de Mouche, [F.] (* fly-sound.') A sound
analogous to the Bruit de diahle — so called from
its likeness to the buzzing of a fly — heard on
auscultating the neck in chlorotic cases.
Bruit Mtisculaire, {' mn&cnl&r sound.') The
sound accompanying the first sound of the heart,
referred by some to muscular contraction. Called,
also, Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having
been thought to resemble the rumbling of distant
wheels.
Bruit Musical, SifBeraent modul6.
Bruit de Parchemin, ('parchment sound.')
A sound as if produced by two sheets of parch-
ment applied to each other. It is said to be pro-
»^uced by thickening and rigidity of the valves
of the heart.
Bruit de Piaulement, (* whining sound,') see
Sifiiement module.
Bruit Placentaire, B, de souffle plncentaire
' ou uterin, Souffle uterin ou jjlacentaire, Plaeent' al
' bellows' sound, U' tero-placen' tal mur'mur, U'tei-ine
murmur or rush. The bellows' sound heard on
auscultating over the site of the placenta in a
pregnant female. It does not appear to be
owing to the placental vessels, but to the uterine
tumor pressing upon the large vessels of the
^ mother.
Bruit de Pot Fele, (* sound of a cracked ves-
sel,') Cracked pot sound. A sound heard on per-
cussion when a cavern in the lungs is filled with
; air, and has a narrow outlet. It is not diagnos-
tic, however.
Bruit de Maclement, ('sound of scraping.')
A sound produced by the scraping of hard, solid
membranes, as the pericardium, against each
other, very analogous to Bruit de craquement.
'. Bruit de Bdpe, {' sound of a rasp.') A sound
heard during the contraction of either the auricles
or ventricles. It is constant; and the contrac-
tion of the cavity is more prolonged than natural,
and emits a hard, rough, and — as it were — stifled
sound.
It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices
by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, and is
better heard near the apex of the heart, if the
auriculo-ventricular valves are concerned — near
the base, if the semilunar valves are the seat of
the disease.
Bruit Jtespiratoire, Murmur, respiratory.
Bruit Jtotatoire, Bruit musculaire — b. de
liouet, {' sound of the spinning-wheel,') see Sif-
flement moduli.
Bruit de Scie, (* saw sound,') and Bruit de
t lAme d Bois, (' file sound,') resemble the Brtiit de
Rdpe.
j Bruit de Smiffle, Bruit de soufilet — b. de
,1 Souffle c^phulique, see Bruit de soufilet — b. de
Souffle d, Double courant, Bruit de Diable — b. de
Souffe placentaire, Bruit placentaire — b, de Souffle
utlriu. Bruit placentaire.
Bruit de Smifflet, Bruit de Souffle, (* bellows'
10
sound,' ' blowing sound,') Physeche'ma. A sound
like that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the
ear applied to the chest during the contraction
of the ventricles, auricles, or large arteries. It
coexists with affections of the heart, but is heard,
also, without any disease of that organ — when-
ever, indeed, an artery is compressed. An En-
cephal'ie bellows' sound, (F.) Bruit de souffle cS-
phalique, has been described by Drs. Fisher and
Whitney. It is heard on applying the ear to the
occiput or to the top of the head, and is consid-
ered to indicate turgescence of vessels, or inflam-
mation. When such turgescence exists, the ves-
sels are compressed, and the compression gives
rise to the sound in question.
Bruit de Sou2iape, ('valvular or flapping
sound.') A sound heard in respiration, when a
foreign body is in the air passages. It some-
what resembles the flapping of a valve j hence
its French name.
Bruit de Taffetas, {' sound of tafi'eta, sarcenet
sound.') A respiratory sound, so named by M.
Grisolle, from its resembling the sound caused by
the tearing of a piece of taff"eta,* and which he
considers to indicate hepatization of the lung,
limited to the surface, in pneumonia.
Bruit de Tiraillement, Bruit de craquement.
Bruit Tympanique, (* tympanic sound.') The
clear sound afforded by percussing the stomach
and intestines when containing air.
Bruit Uterin, B. placentaire — 6. Visiculaire,
Murmur, respiratory.
Bruits du Cceur, (' sounds of the heart,') see
Heart.
Bruk (Sc), FurunculuB.
Bnilure, Burn.
Bininelle, Prunella.
Bruun, Glands of, Brtinner's glands.
Brun'ner's or Brunn's Glands, Brunne'ri
Glan'dulae, G. Brvnneria'nse scu solita'rise, Sol'-
itary glands or fol'licles, Sec'ond pan'creas. Com-
pound muciparous follicles, seated between the
mucous and muscular coats of the stomach, along
the two curvatures of that organ, and in the
duodenum ; so called from their discovery having
been generally attributed to Brunn or Brunner.
The solitary intestinal follicles are often known,
at the present day, as the glands of Brunner, al-
though Brunner restricted the latter term to the
glands of the duodenum.
Bruno'nian, Brownian.
Bruno'nianism, Brownism.
Bru'nus, Erysipelas.
Brus'cus, Ruscus.
Brush, (F.) Brosse, Scop'ula. A well-known
instrument, used in medicine chiefly for the fol-
lowing purposes : 1. To clean the teeth. 2. To
remove the saw-dust which adheres to the teeth
of the trephine during the operation of trephin-
ing. 3. To rub the surface of the body, for the
purpose of exciting the skin, and favoring trans-
piration. Westring, a Swedish physician, has
recommended metallic brushes for the purpose of
conveying galvanism to a part. These brushes
consist of a plate of ebony fitted to another of
gold, in which threads of the same metal arc
fixed; the brush being connected with one of the
poles of the galvanic pile.
Brush Burn. A term used by Erichsen to
express a form of contused wound produced by
violent friction.
Brush, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi.
Bru'ta, Juniperus sabina.
Bru'tia. A sort of thick pitch, obtained from
Brutia, in Italy. From Fix Brutia was obtained
the O'leum Fid' num.
Bru'tia, Instinct.
Brutino, Terebinthina.
Brutttle, (from bryton,) see Cerevisia.
Bruxanelli. A Malabar tree, the bark and
146
BRUYERE
leaves of which have a strong smell, and are
astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its juice,
mixed with butter, is applied to boils. Its bark
is esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots anti-
arthritic.
JBrut/^re VnlgnirCf Erica vulgaris.
Bruyeres, Min'eral Wa'ters of. BruySres is
a small village, 7i leagues from Luneville. The
waters are acidulous and chalybeate.
Bry'cetus, {^pvxeiv, * to grind the teeth,') see
■Algiilus.
Brycheth'mus, {0pvxi^i^^') Rugitus.
Bry'ohetus, {(ipvxeroi,) see Algidus.
Bryg'ma, gen. /iryr/matii, Bri/'j'muSf {(ipvyfxa,
^pvyfioi,) Hri'aiSy Pria'mua, Odontopri'aia, Stri'dor
Den'tium, (F.) Grinceinent den Dents. Grinding
©f the teeth. A common symptom, in children,
of gastric or other derangement, but often present
when there is no reason to suspect any.
Bry'onfi, Bryonia alba — b. d'Amirique, Con-
volvulus mechoacan.
Bryo'nia, {0pv(avij, from 0pv(a, * I bud forth,')
Bryonia alba.
Bryo'xia Apbica'na, African Bi-y'ony, A
South African plant, common amongst the Hot-
tentots, which, in the form of decoction, acts
simultaneously as an emetic, cathartic, and diu-
retic. It is used by the natives in cutaneous dis-
eases, dropsy, and syphilis. The tincture is a
powerful emetic and cathartic.
Brvo'nia Al'ba, Bryo'nia, Brtf'one, Vi'tis al'ba
gylven' tria, Agros'tis, Agriam'pelos, Ampeloleu'ce,
Ain'peloa a'gria, Echetro'ais, Bryo'nia aa'pera seu
Dioic'a, Cedros'tis, Ghelido' nium, Lahrus' ca, Me-
lo'thrum, Ophiostaph'ylon, Pailo' thrum, Bry'ony,
White bryony, (F.) Bryone, Gouleuvrie, Viyne
vierge, V. blanche, Navet du diable ou galant. Ord.
Cucurbitaceae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia.
The root is large and succulent, and has an acrid,
bitter, and disagreeable taste. It is a drastic
cathartic. Externally it has been applied, in
form of cataplasm, in gout. When repeatedly
washed, a good starch is obtained from it. The
active bitter principle has been separated from it,
and called Bry'onin or Bry'oniiie.
Bryo'nia Mechoacan'na Ni'gricans, Convol-
vulus jalapa — b. Nigra, Tamus communis — b.
Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapa.
Bry'onine, see Bryonia alba.
Bry'ony, Bryonia alba — b. Black, Tamus
communis — b. White, Bryonia alba — b. Wild,
Sycios angulatus.
Bry'tia, {Ppvria,) Marc of grapes.
Brytolature, (from Bryton,) see Cerevisia.
Jtrf/tole, see Cerevisia.
Bry'ton, {l3pvTov,) Cerevisia.
Bu, (iiov, abbreviation of /3oi;f,'an ox,') in com-
position, expresses 'excess, greatness.' Hence,
BuliiiiHi, liuphthalmia, &o.
Babastecor'diam, Artemisia vulgaris.
Bu'b6, I'ustule.
Bubo, (0OV0WV,) Pano'chia, Pa'nua inguina'lis,
Adeiiophy'ma inguina'lia, Bubonop'anua, Bnbo-
non'cHH, C'tmbu'ca, Bonbon, Godoce'le, Godoacel'la,
(F.) Uubon, Poulain. In the works of Hippocrates
and (Jaleii, /3ow/3wi; sometimes signifies the groin —
Jn'gueii; at others, the inguinal glands; and at
othora, again, swelling or inflammation of these
parts, Bubonadeni'tia. The moderns apply the
torin to an inflammatory tumor seated in the
groin or axilla, and they generally distinguish —
1. Simple or Sympathetic Bubo, which is inde-
pendent of any virus in the economy. 2. Vene-
real Uubo—oi old, Button of Naplea~{F.) Bubun
vSnirien, which is occasioned by the venereal
viruu, and has been described under the various
namcH of In'guen Syiihilit'icum Bcu Vinifcn'ttun sou
Oonorrhoivum, Adniop'nthy ; Indurattd Ihibo,
Iiigurn induratum, (F.) Bubon indnrf ; Suppnrat-
ing Bubo, Jntfuen tuppuraiu, (F.) Bubon SuppurS.
BUBONORRHEXIS
3. Pestilential Bubo, or B. aymptomatic of the
Plague. The last two have by some been called
malignant Bubo, (F.) Bubon malin.
Bu'bo, Amyg'daloid In'dolent. Chronic, pain-
less, hard, almond-shaped indurations of one or
more inguinal glands, accompanying indurated
chancre. A multiple indolent bubo is an indura-
tion of the first row of inguinal glands accom-
panying an indurated chancre.
Bu'bo, Parotid, Cynunche parotidaea — b.
Primitive, Bubon d'emblee.
Bubon, (j8ou/3a;v,) in composition, the groin.
Bubo, inguen.
Bubon d'JEniblee (F.), Prim'itive or pri'mary
bubo, (F.) Bubon primitijf. An enlargement and
suppuration of one or more of the inguinal glands,
not preceded by any other of the more common
forms of venereal disease, nor by any other
syphilitic symptom.
Bu'bon Gal'banum. The systematic name of
a plant which has been supposed to afi"ord galba-
num ; Meto'pion, Mato'rium. The plant is also
called Fer'ula Africa'na, OreoaeW num Africa'-
num, Ani'aum frutico' atim galbanif erum seu Af-
rica' num frutea' cena, Seli'nuvi Galbanuni, Agasyl'-
lis gal'banum, Long- leaved or lovage-leaved Gal'-
banum. Ord. Unibelliferae. The plant which
affords the Galbanum can scarcely, however, be
considered to be determined. By the Dublin
College, it was referred to Opo'i'dia Golbauif'era,
Ord. Umbellifera?. Galbanum, Chal'bane, is a
gummi-resinous juice. Its odor is fetid, and taste
bitter and acrid : the agglutinated tears are of e
white color, on a ground of reddish-brown. I*
forms an emulsion when triturated with water,
and is soluble in proof spirits of wine, and vine-
gar : sp. gr. 1*212. It has been given as an anti-
spasmodic and expectorant, in pill or emulsion-
Dose, from gr. 10 to 60. Externally, it is applied
as a cataplasm.
Bubon galbanum is a South African plant;
and is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under
the name of Wild Gel'ery. A decoction of the
leaves is given in dropsy and gravel. According
to Pappe, the resinous matter, which exudes Irom
the stem, differs in appearance, smell, and in
every respect, from Gummi Galbanum.
Bu'bon Gummif'erum, see Ammoniac gum.
Bu'bon Macedon'icum, Athainan'ta Mucedon*-
ica, Petroaeli' nuvi Macedon'icum, A'pium pe-
trse'um, Petra'piuni, (F.) Perail de JUncedoine,
Macedo'nian Pdrs'ley. Its properties are similar
to those of common parsley, but weaker and less
grateful. The seeds are an ingredient in the
celebrated compounds, Mithridate and Theriac.
Bubon Priniitlf, Bubon d'emblee.
Bubo'ua, Nipple. '
Bubonadeni'tlS, {biibon, aden, and itia,) see j
Bubo. j
Bubonal'gia, {bubon, and aXyog, 'pain.') Pai« I
in the groin. |
Bubo'nium, Aa'ter At'ticua, Gold'en Sttir'wort.
A plant anciently supposed to be eflBcacious in |
diseases of the groin. i
Bubonoce'ld, Jiu'bonocele, {bubon, and KvXfi, j
' tumor, rupture,') Her'nia ingttina'lia, In'guiiinll
Her'nia, Jiup'ture of the Groin, (F.) Hemic in-\
guinale. Some surgeons have confined this term i
to hernia when limited to the groin, and have !
called the same affection, when it has desccndod i
to the scrotum, Oncheoce'le, Scro'tal Her'nia. The !
rupture passes through the abdominal riug:|
and, in consequence of the greater size of the!
opening in the male, it is more frequent in the
male sex.
Bubonon'cus, {bubon, and oyicof, ' a swelling,')
Bubo.
Bubonop'anus, Bubo.
Bubonorrhez'is, Bnbonorex' ia, {bubon, and
M's> ' a rupture.') A name given to bubonocele
BUBONULUS
BULB
147
▼hen accompanied with a division of the perito-
n&um, or when, in other words, it is devoid of a
eae.
Babon'alus, Buhun'cuhis, (dim. of Buho.) A
painful swelling of tne lymphatics of the penis,
extending along the dorsum of that organ to the
groin. It is an occasional accompaniment of
gonorrhoea.
Bu'bukle or Bn'bucle. A word used by
Shakspeare for a red pimple on the nose.
Buban'culus, (dim. of bubo,) Bubonulus.
Bucaros, Terra Portugallica.
Buc'ca. The mouth. The cheek and hollow
of the cheek. Also, the vulva.
Buccac'raton, Ona'thon, (bucca, *a mouthful,'
*a morsel,' and Kpa<o, * I mix.') A morsel of bread
sopped in wine, which served, of old, for a break-
fast.
Bac'caly Bucca' Us, (from bucca.) That which
concerns the mouth, and especially the cheek.
Bpc'cal Ar'tery, Art^re Sns-maxillaire, (Ch.)
arises from the internal maxillary or from some of
its branches, as the Temporalis profunda anti'ca,
or the Alve'olar. It distributes its branches to
the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem-
brane.
Btjc'cal Glands, Olan' dulse bucca' les seu gen-
a'les. Mucous follicles, seated in the buccal mem-
brane. Those near the molar teeth are called
Mo'lar glands, Glan'dulse molares. They secrete
a viscid humor, which mixes with the saliva, and
lubricates the mouth.
Buc'CAL Mem'brane, (F.) Membrane buccale.
The mucous membrane which lines the interior
of the mouth.
Buc'CAL Nerve, Bnccina'tor Nerve, Buccola-
bial (Ch.), is given off by the inferior maxillary.
It sends its branches to the cheek, and especially
to the buccinator muscle.
Buc'CAL Vein follows the artery.
Buc'cea, Buccel'la. The fleshy excrescence of
nasal polypus, so called because it was believed to
proceed from the mouth. Also, a mouthful.
Buccel'aton, Buccel'atus. A loaf-shaped ca-
thartic medicine ; made chiefly of scammony.
Baccel'la, (dim. of buccea, * a morsel,') Bolus,
Buccea.
Baccella'tio. A mode of arresting hemorrhage,
by applying a pledget of lint to the bleeding
vessel.
Buccl'na, {^vKavn, 'a trumpet,') Turbinated
bones.
Buccilia'tor,(6Mccrfiare, ^to sound the trumpet.')
The Bucciua'tor Muscle, Retrac'tor An'guli O'ris,
Manso' rius, (F.) Buccinateur, Bucco-alviolo-max-
illaire, Alveola-labial (Ch.), is situate in the sub-
stance of the cheeks. It extends between the
posterior portions of the alveolar arches of the
two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which
it draws backward. It assists in mastication, by
pushing the food back towards the teeth ; and, if
the cheeks be distended by air, its contraction
forces it out.
Buo'co. One who is blub-cheeked, or wide-
mouthed. In composition, the mouth or cheek.
Also, Diosma crenata.
Bucco-alveolo-maxillaire, Buccinator.
Buccola'bial ICerve, Buccal nerve.
Buccopharynge'al, Bticcopharynge'us, (F.)
Bucco-pharyngien. Belonging to the mouth and
pharynx. The Buccopharynge' nl Aponeuro'sis, or
Intermax'illary Lig'ament, extends from the in-
, ternal ala of the pterygoid process to the pos-
terior part of the lower alveolar arch, and affords
I attachment, anteriorly, to the buccinator, and,
I posteriorly, to the constrictor pharyngis superior.
Buc'cula, (dim. of bticca.) A small mouth.
I The fleshy part beneath the chin.
i Bu'ceras, {(iovKspai,) Trigonella foenum — b.
Fojnum Graecum, Trigonella foenum Gra3cum.
Bach'n, Diosma crenata — b. Folia, Diosma
crenata — b. Leaves, Diosma crenata.
Buck'bean, Menyanthes trifoliata — b. Ameri-
can, Menyanthes verna.
Buck'berry, Vaccinium stamineum.
Buck'et Fe'ver, Dengue.
Buck'eye, JEsculus hippocastanum.
Buck'ho, Diosma crenata.
Buck' thorn, Purg"ing, Rhamnus.
Buck'u, Diosma crenata.
Buck' wheat, (said to be a corruption of beech
wheat; from a resemblance to the beech nut,)
Polygonum fagopyrum — b. Plant, eastern, Poly-
gonum divaricatum.
Bucne'mia, Boucne'mia, (6u, and Kvvuri, Meg,')
see Elephantiasis — b. Tropica, see Elephantiasis.
Buc'ton, Hymen.
BufF, Inflam'matory, {bx(ff, 'the color of buf-
falo leather, a light yellow,') Corium phlogisti-
cum.
Buf'fy Coat, Corium phlogistieum.
Bug (Bed), Cimex.
Bugan'tia, Chilblain.
Bug'gery, Sod'omy, Sodom' ia, Co'itus Sodo-
mit'icus, (I.) Bugarorie, (F.) Bougrerie. Said to
have been introduced by the Bulgarians, Bnlgari,
Bugari, Bvgeri ; hence the name. A carnal copu.
lation against nature, as of a man or woman
with any animal ,• or of a man with a man, or a
man unnaturally with a woman. The unnatural
crime. The one who permits the act to be prac-
tised on him is called a pathic, (L.) pathicua^
cinse'dus, androg"ynu8.
Bu'gle, {bugula,) Prunella — b. Common, Ajuga
reptans — b. Pyramidale, A}\xg9i — b. Rampante,
Ajuga reptans — b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus —
b. Weed, Lycopus.
Buglose, Anchusa officinalis.
Bu'gloss, Dyer's, Anchusa tinetoria — b. Gar-
den, Anchusa officinalis — b. Upright, Ajuga.
Buglos'sa, (/Sod?, ' an ox,' and yXiaaaa, ' tongue/
from the resemblance of its leaves,) Anchusa offi-
cinalis.
Buglos'sum Angustifo'lium Ma'jus, (0ov.
yXtaaaov, 'ox tongue,') Anchusa officinalis — b.
Latifolium, Borago officinalis — b. Sativum, An-
chusa officinalis — b. Sylvestris, Anchusa officina-
lis — b. Tinctorum, Anchusa tinetoria — b. Verum,
Boracic acid — b. Vulgare majus, Anchusa offici-
nalis.
Stigran-de Ejnneuse, Ononis spinosa.
Btigrane, Ononis spinosa — b. des Champs,
Ononis arvensis.
Bu'gula, (dim. of buglossa [?],) Ajuga — b.
Chamsepitys, Teucrium chamaepitys — b. Pyra-
midalis, Ajuga — b. Reptans, Ajuga reptans.
Buidhe Chonnael, Blefed.
JSuis, Buxus.
Buisard, Hin'eral Wa'ters of. Buisard is
two leagues from Chateau-Thierry, in France.
The water contains chloride of calcium and car-
bonate of lime.
Bulam' Fe'ver, Fever, yellow.
Bula'ma BoiL A boil, observed in the island
of Bularaa, on the west coast of Africa, which is
produced by the presence of the larva or grub of
an insect.
Bula'ta. A substance analogous to gutta-
percha, said to be produced by a tree, Sajyota
Mxdleri, or bullet-tree, growing in Dutch Guiana,
in South America.
Bulb, Bul'bus, {po\^oi,\ (F.) Brdbe. A name
given by anatomists to different parts which re-
semble, in shape, certain bulbous roots. The
Bulb of the Aorta is the great sinus of the aorta.'
Bulb of a Tooth is the vascular and nervous pa-
pilla contained in the cavity of a toolth. The
Bidb or Root of the Hair is the part whence the
hair originates ; see Hair. The Bxdb of the Ure'-
thra is the dilated portion formed by the com-
148
BULB
BURDOCK
mencemcnt of the Corpnv spouffiosum towards the
root of the penis. We say, also, Bulb, for Globe,
of the Eye.
Bulb of THEEyE,see Eye — b.of the Female,Bul-
bus vestibuli— b. Olfactory, see Olfactory nerves —
b. Rachidian, see Medulla oblongata — B. of the
Throat, Tonsil — b. of the Urethra, see Ure-
thra.
Bulbe, Bulb — h. Rachidien, see Medulla ob-
longata — b. du Vayin, Bulbus vestibuli — 6. de la
Yodte d, trots Piliera, Mamillary tubercles.
Bul'bi For'nicis, (pi. of bidbna,) Mamillary
tubercles — b. Priorum crurum fornicis, Mamil-
lary tubercles.
Bulbocasta'nemn, {^\Pos, ' a bulb,* and Kama-
vov, ' a chestnut,') Bunium bulbocastanum.
Bulho-cavet'tuuuc, Accelerator urinae.
Bulbocaverno'sus, Accelerator urinae. Con-
strictor cuuni — b. Si/ndesmo-caverneux, Accelera-
tor urinte — b. Urethral, Accelerator urinae.
Bulbocav'ernous Glands, Cowper's glands.
Bulbocod'ium, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
Burbonach, Lunaria rediviva.
Bulboliretra'lis, Accelerator urinae.
Bul'bus Arteriosus. The anterior of the
three compartments in the rudimentary condi-
tion of the heart, which afterwards divides into
tke aorta and pulmonary artery. See Bulb.
Bul'bus Esculen'tus. The Ea'culent Bulb;
a particular kind, so denominated by the an-
cients. It is supposed to have been the Ge'pa
Ascalon'ica.
Bul'bus Glandulo'sus, Proventriculus — b.
Medullae spinalis. Medulla oblongata — b. Oculi,
see Eye — b. Olfaotorius, see Olfactory Nerves —
b. Pili, see Hair — b. Rachidicus, see Medulla ob-
longata — b. Vaginae, B. vestibuli.
Bul'bus Vestib'uli, B. Vagi'nse, Plex'us re'ti-
formia seu reticula'ria seu caverno'sus, Cor'pus
retlfor'me seu caveriio' sum vestib'uli, Semilbul'bus
cor'poria apongio'si, Cru'ra clitor'idia inter'na.
Bulb or Seiii'ibulb of the Fe'male or of the vagi'na,
(F.) Bulbe du Vagiii, A close-packed plexus of
intricately anastomosing veins, inclosed in a
fibrous investment — being an immediate con-
tinuation and extension of the para intermedia,
and occupying the space between the beginning
or vestibule of the vagina and the rami of the
pubic arch on each side. It is regarded by
Lauth, Taylor, Morgagni, and Kobelt as the
analogue of the male bulb.
Bul'bus Vomito'uius. A plant, said by Dios-
corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the Muak-
grapejlow'er, according to Ray — the Hyacinth' us
MuHca' ri.
Bule'sis, (/3ouX>?ff£j, from iiov\ofiai, *to will,')
Voluntas.
Bul'ga, Vulva.
Bulimia, Boulimia.
Bulimic, Bulimicus. Relating or appertain-
ing tu boulimia.
Bu'lithos, {liovi, *an ox,' and \i^, *a stone.')
A bezuar or stone, found in the kidneys, gall-
bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox or cow.
Bul'la, (F.) Jiulle, Bleb, (Sc.) Bleib. A por-
tion of the cuticle, detached from the skin by the
interposition of a transparent, watery fluid. It
foriuB the 4th order in Willan's and Bateman's
arraiigcmont of cutaneous diseases, and includes
erysipelas, pemphigus, and poinpholyx. By
Bomu, Bulla has been used synonymously with
J'tuiiphii/uM. See, also, Hydatid.
Bul'lsB Rotun'dsB Cervi'cis U'teri, Nabothi
giiltuitliU!.
BuI'lade Plum, Prunus insitia.
Bulldog, 'i'ul)aimH.
BuUiis^fl, IjytMjperdon.
Bullock's Blood. It bus been proposed to
admin iMtcr tlnn iu pilU in the form of extract,
each pill of thro© graiua representing ^ss. of
blood, in anasmia, phthisis pulmonalis, and other
diseases of debility.
Bul'lous, Bullo'sua, (F.) BuUeux. Having re-
lation to a bulla or bleb, as a ' bullous eruption.'
Pemphigus has been designated Maladie bulleuse,
and Fikvre bidleuse, when accompanied by fever.
BuU'segg, (* bullsedge,') Typha latifolia.
Bull'ula, diminutive of bulla. A small vesicle
or bleb.
Bum'blekites, see Rubus fruticosus.
Bumel'ia, {(iufie'Xia,) Fraxinus excelsior.
Bum'gut, Rectum.
Bu'na, Coffea Arabica.
Bunch, Hunch.
Bunch'backed, see Hunch.
Bun'combe, Warm and Hot Springs of. See
North Carolina, Mineral Waters of.
Bun'du, Ordeal Poison of the Gaboon. A sub-
stance analogous to strychnia, derived from an
apocynaceous plant of Western Africa, by somo
considered identical with akasja. See Akasja.
Bandurh, Corylus avellana.
Bunewand, Heracleum spondylium.
Bu'nias, {(3ovi>ias,) Brassica napus.
Bu'nioid, (Powtov, ' a kind of turnip,' and tiios,
'resemblance,') Napiform.
Bun'ion, Bunyon.
Buni'tes Vi'num, (Powirns.) A wine, made by
infusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic,
but scarcely ever used.
Bu'nium Car'vi, {liovviov, so called, it has been
supposed, from growing on hills, from (iovvos, ' a
hill,' or from the tuberosity of its root,) Carum.
Bu'nium Bulbocast'anum, B. mi'nus, Balano-
cast'anum, Si'um bulbocaat'amim, Scan'dex bulbo-
cast'anum, Ca'rum bulbocaat' anum. Order, Um-
belliferae. The systematic name of a plant, whose
root is called Agriocast' anum, Nu'cula terres'tria,
Bulbocast'anum ma'jus et mi'nus. Pig-nut, Earth-
nut, Haiok-nut, Kipper-nut, (Sc) Arnut, (F.) Terre-
noix. The root is tuberous, and is eaten raw or
roasted. It has been supposed to be of use in
strangury. It is not employed in medicine.
Bun'nian, Bunyon.
Bun'weed, Senecio Jacobaea.
Bun'yon, Bun'ion, Bun'nian, (F.) Oignon,
(povvos, 'an eminence' [?].) An enlargement and
inflammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside
of the ball of the great toe.
Buopbthal'mia, Buphthalmia.
Bupein'a, [bu, and nuva, 'hunger,') Boulimia.
Bupbtbal'mi Her'ba, Anthemis tinctoria.
Buphtbal'mia, Buophthal' mia, Buphthal'mus,
Buphthal'mos, Elephantom'ma, [bu, and Ofp^aXfiOf,
' an eye,') Ox-eye. Under this name, the gener-
ality of authors have designated the first stage
of hydrophthalmia. Others, with Sabatier, mean
by it turgescence of the vitreous humor, which,
by pushing the iris forwards, forms around the
crystalline a sort of border.
Bnphthal'mum Creticnm, Anthemis pyreth-
rum — b. Majus, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum.
Buphthal'mus, Buphthalmia, Hydrophthal-
mia, Sempervivum tectorum.
Bupi'na, {bu, and veiva, 'hunger,') Boulimia.
BupleuroI'des, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
Bupleu'rum Botundifo'lium, Bupleu'ron, Bu-
pleuro'i'des, [bu, and nXtvpof, ' a, rib,' the leaves
having large ribs,) (F.) Buj^levre, Percefeuille,
Round-leaved Hare's Ear, T/iorowwax. Order,
Umbelliferao. The herb and seeds are slightly
aromatic. It was formerly celebrated for curing
ruptures, being made into a cataplasm with wine
and oatmeal.
Jiujildvre, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
Bu'rac, (Arab.) Borax. Also, any kind of salt.
Bur'bot, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
Bur'dach, Col'umns of, Columns of Gall.
Bur'dock, Arctium lappa — b. Lesser, Xan^
thium — b. Prairie, Silphium terebinthaceum.
BURGOO
BUTTER
149
Burgoo', see Avena.
Burgout', see Avena.
Burial Alive', Zoothapsis.
Bu'ris, Hernia, accompanied by scirrhous tume-
faction ; or, perhaps, a scirrhous tumor only.
Burke. To take away life by suffocation, — as
by closing the nose and mouth, and preventing
costal and abdominal breathing. So called after
a wretch of the name of Burke, who, in 1829, in
Edinburgh, procured subjects for dissection in
that way, for which offence he was executed.
Burk'ing, see Burke.
Burn, (Sax. bepnan or bypnan, *to burn or
bren,') Ua'tio, Amhua'tio, Ambun' turn, Adus'tt'o,
Tre'sis Cau'sw, Erythe' ma A)nbas'tio, Gau'sis, Eii-
cau'aia, Pyricaus'tum, Oombusta' ra, Catacau'ma,
Gomhus'tio, Dermafi'tia ambaatio'nia, (P. ) BrMure.
An injury produced by the action of too great
heat on the body. Burns are of greater or less
extent, from the simple inflammation of the skin
to the complete destruction of the part. They
have been divided into simple burns, or those of
the first degree, Dermafi'tia ambastio'nia erythema-
to'aa, (P.) BrUlure ; those of the second degree,
or accompanied with vesication, Dermati'tia am-
bustio'nia buUo'sa, (F.) BrMare viaiculeuae et hul-
leuae ; and those of the third degree, with es-
chars, Dermati'tia ambnatio'nia eacharot' ica, (F.)
Br&lure gangrineuae. The consequences are more
or less severe, according to the extent of injury,
and the part affected. Burns of the abdomen,
when apparently doing well, are sometimes fol-
lowed by fatal results. Their treatment varies, —
at times the antiphlogistic being required ; at
others, one more stimulating.
Bur'nea, see Pinus sylvestris.
Bur'net, Can'ada, Sanguisorba Canadensis.
Bur'nett's Disinfect'ing Liq'uid or Flu'id. A
solution of chloride of zinc, first used by Sir Wil-
liam Burnett for preserving timber, canvas, &c.,
from dry rot, mildew, Ac, and afterwards as an
antibromic and antiseptic, especially in the case
of dead bodies. The British Pharmacopoeia had a
Liquor Zinci Ghlo'ridi, Solu'tion of Ghloride of
Zinc, which is not near so strong as Sir William's
preparation. The Ph. U. S. (1873) also contains
a Liquor Zinci Ghloridi, made by the action of
nitric and muriatic acida on zinc, to which, after
evaporation, diatilled water and precipitated car-
bonate of zinc are added.
Burn'ing, Bren'ning. A disease mentioned by
old historians, from which authors have unsuc-
cessfully endeavored to demonstrate the antiquity
of gonorrhoea virulenta and syphilis.
Bttrn'ing of the Feet, see Feet, Burning of
the.
Burns, Lig'ament of, see Fascia lata.
Burnt Holes. A variety of rupia, popularly
known in Ireland under this name ; and not unfre-
quent there among the ill-fed children of the poor.
See Rupia escharotica.
Burr, (by onomatopoeia,) Rotacismus.
Bur'rage, Borago officinalis.
Bur'reed, Great, Sparganiura ramosum.
Burrh, (like Burr,) Rotacismus.
Bur'rhi Spir'itus Matrica'lis. The Spirit of
Burrhua for Diaeaaea of the Womb. It is prepared
by digesting, in alcohol, equal parts of myrrh,
olibanum, and mastic. Boerhaave frequently pre-
scribed it.
Bur'sa, (/?i>pera, ' a sac, a leathern bottle,') Scro-
tuni — b. Cordis, Pericardium — b. Omentalis, see
Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — b. Pastoris, Thlaspi
bursa — b. Patelhe amplificata, Knee, housemaid's
— b. Testium, Scrotum — b. Virilis, Scrotum.
Bnr'sae Mucilagino'sae, B. mucosag.
Bur'sa Muco'SvB, B. muco'ase veaicula'res,
Burase seu Gap'aulse aynovia'lea, Blennocya'tidea,
Sac'ci muco'ai, Veai'cm unguino'ase ten'dinum,
Vagi'nse Synovia'lea seu mucilagino'sae, Syno'vial
Crypta or Fol'liclea, (F.) Bouraea Synovialea ou
muqueuaea ou mucilagineuaea. Small membranous
sacs, situate about the joints, particularly about
the large ones of the upper and lower extremi-
ties, and, for the most part, lying under the ten-
dons. They are naturally filled with an oily kind
of fluid, the use of which is to lubricate surfaces
over which the tendons play. In consequence
of bruises or sprains, this fluid sometimes collects
to a great extent. The bursjB are, generally,
either of a roundish or oval form, and they have
been arranged under two classes, the apher'ical
and the vag" inal, Vagi'nse muco'ase.
Bur'sa Syxovia'les, Bursse mucosae.
Bur'sal, Buraa'Ua. Relating or appertainir^g
to bursas — as a * buraal tumor.'
Bursa'lis, Bursal, Obturator internus.
Bursal'ogy, Buraalog"ia, (from buraa.) A
treatise on, or description of, the bursse mucosae.
Burse'ra Acumina'ta, (after Joachim Burser,
a Neapolitan botanist,) B. gummifera.
Burse'ra Gummif'era, B. acumina'ta, Tere-
bin'thua gummif'era, Jama'ica Bark Tree. Order,
Terebinthaceas. A resin exudes from this tree,
which, as met with in the shops, is solid exter-
nally ; softish internally ,• of a vitreous fracture ;
transparent; of a pale yellow color; turpentine
smell, and sweet, perfumed taste. It has been
used like balsams and turpentines in general, and
is called, by the French, Cachibou, Ghibou, and
Jieaine de Gomart.
Bursi'tis, gen. Burai'tidia, {bursa, and itia,) sea
Synovitis.
Burst, ('ruptured,') Hernia, Hernial.
Burst'en, see Hernial.
Bur'sula, (dim. of buraa,) Scrotum.
Bur'thistle, Xanthium.
Bur'tree, Sambucus.
Burt'scheid, Waters of, see Borcette.
Bur'unhem, Monesia.
Bur'weed, Xanthium.
Bur 'wort, Ranunculus acris.
Bush, Jew, Pedilanthus tithyraaloidea.
Bussang, Min'eral Wa'ters of. Bussang is a
village in the department of Vosges, France.
The waters are acidulous chalybeates.
Susserolle, Arbutus uva ursi.
Bus'sii Spir'itus Bezoar'ticus, Bezo'dr'dic
Spirit of BuHHiua. A preparation, regarded as
sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic; obtained
by distilling subcarbonate and muriate of ammo-
nia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, &c.
Bute, Island of, Cli'mate of. This island is
in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles below
Greenock. The climate is mild and equable, but
rather moist; and, as a winter residence, it holds
out advantages for those only that ai)pear to de-
mand such a condition of the atmosphere. The
climate resembles, in character, that of the S.W.
of England and France, and the Channel islands;
although its temperature is lower.
Bu'tea Frondo'sa, (after John, Earl of Bute,
a promoter of botany,) Erythri'na vionoaper'ma,
Rndolph'ia frondo'aa. A tree, common in Ben-
gal, and in the mountainous parts of India; Nat,
Ord. Leguminosae ; from which gum butea flows.
Dr. Pereira found this gum to be identical with a
specimen marked guinmi rubrum adstringena —
the gomme aatriugente de Gambie of M. Guibourt.
By some, this gum has been confounded with
kino. See Kino.
Bu'tiga, Gutta rosea.
Bu'tomon, (povroixov,) Iris pseudacorus.
But'ter, {(iovTVDov; itself from jSouj, *ox,' and
Tvpoi, 'anything coagulated,') Buty'rum, Picer'-
ion, (F.) Beurre. A sort of concrete oil, obtained
from the cream that forms on the surface of the
milk furnished by the females of the mammalia,
especially by the cow and the goat. It has been
employed as a substitute for oils in (the treatment
150
BUTTER
BYTHUS
of rickets, Ac. Fresh butter is digestible, while
the rancid is irritating. The ancient chemists
gave the name Butter to many of the metallic
chlorides. It has also been applied to vegetable
substances, which resemble, in some respects, the
butter obtained from milk. The essential fatty
matter in it is hu'tyrin or bu'tyrate of glyc"erin.
See Butyric acid.
But'tek of Ant'imony, Antimonium muriatum.
But'ter of Bam'bouc or Bam'boc, (F.) Beurre
de Bumbouc ou Bamhuk. A vegetable oil ob-
tained from a species of almond, and used in
Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains.
But'ter op Ca'cao, Oil of Ga'cao, O'leum Ca'-
eao npiaaa'tum, 0. Theobro'nm, 0. Theobro'mse Ca'-
cao exprea'aum, Oil of Theobroma,{F.) Betn're de Ca-
cao, Hit He de Cacao. The concrete oil, of a sweet
and agreeable taste, obtained from the kernels of
^he fruit of Theobroma cacao or chocolate iiut.
Owing to its firmness and fusibility, it is well
adapted to serve as the constituent of supposi-
tories.
But'ter op Co'coa, (F.) Beurre de Coco. A
fatty, concrete substance, which separates from
the milk of the cocoa-nut. It is sweet and
But'ter and Eggs, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
— b. Kokum, see Garcinia purpurea — b. of Nut-
megs, see Myristica.
But'terhur, Tussilago petasites.
But'tercups, llanunculus acris, and R. bulbo-
«us.
But'terfly-weed, Asclepias tuberosa.
But'termilk, (Pro v.) Chummilk, Kemmilh,
Whig, (Sc.) Bladoch, Bledoch, Bladda, Kiiitimilk,
Sourmilk, (F.) Babeurre, Lait de Beurre. The
thin, sour milk, separated from the cream by
churning. It contains caseum and a little butter.
It is a refreshing drink when newly made, but
medicinal effects have also been ascribed to it.
But'ternut, Juglans cinerea.
But'terteeth, Incisive teeth.
But'terweed, Erigeron Canadense.
But'terwort, Pinguicola vulgaris.
But'tockhump, Steatopyga.
But'ton, Bisk'ra, see Bouton d'Alep — b. of
the Hair, see Hair — b. of Naples, Bubo.
But'ton Caut'ery, see Cauterium.
But'ton Scur'vy, Mo'rula. An epidemic ca-
chectic affection, which has appeared in the
southern counties of Ireland, and is characterized
by indolent buttonlike growths of the corpus
papillare of the skin. It appears to be allied to
Framboesia.
But'ton Su'ture, see Suture (twisted).
But'tonbush, Cephalanthus occidentalis.
Buttonhole Frac'ture, see Fracture.
But'tonwood Shrub,Cephalanthus occidentalis.
Bu'tua, Parcira brava.
Bu'tyl Hy'dride. A carbohydrogen derived
from rectified American petroleum j gaseous, and
condensable into a liquid. When inhaled it pro-
duces sleep and unconsciousness, resembling ni-
trous oxide in its action; and, if too long con-
tinued, aupbyxia from exclusion of atmospheric
Bu'tyrate of Gly'cerin, see Butter.
Buty'ric Acid, A liquid fatty acid found is
the perspiration, in muscle-juice, and, associated
with glycerine and butter, the odor of which,
when rancid, is due to the free acid. See Butter,
Bii'tyrin, see Butter.
Bu'tyroid Tu'mor. A form of milk tumor of
the breast, the contents of which are of a solid
character, resembling butter.
Buty'rum, or Bu'tyrum, {^ovropov,) Butter —
b. Amygdalarum dulcium, Confection (almond) —
b. Saturni, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis — b.
Zinci, Zinci chioridum.
Sttveur, {' a drinker/) see Bibitorius, Rectus
internus oculi.
Bux'in, Bux'ine. An alkaloid found in the leaves
of the Buxus, said to be identical with bebeerin.
The sulphate of buxin has been used in Italy as
an antiperiodic in intermittent fever. See Buxus.
Bux'ton, Min'eral Wa'ters of, Bvxtonien'sea
A'quse. Buxton is a village in Derbyshire. The
springs are thermal, and about 82° Fahrenheit.
They contain chloride of calcium, chloride of so-
dium and potassium, carbonate of iron, carbonate
of magnesia, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid,
&c. They are used in cases in which thermal
springs, in general, are recommended. They con-
tain little or no mineral impregnation, and are
chiefly used externally in gout and rheumatism,
old sprains, &g.
Bux'as, Buxus 8en}pervi'ren8. The Box-tree,
(F.) Buis ou Bonis. The leaves are bitter and
aromatic, and, as such, have been used in medi-
cine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia, <fec., in the
form of decoction. They are sometimes, also,
added to beer. The seed was anciently called
Carthe'gon.
By'ne, {^wfj,) Malt.
Byre'thrum. A sort of cap or Couvrechef
filled with cephalic substances.
By'ron Ac"id or Sour Springs. These Springs
are in the town of Byron, Genesee county, New
York. The water is a nearly pure dilute sul-
phui-ic acid. They are powerfully astringent and
tonic.
B3rr'sa, (^vpaa, *a hide.') A leather skin to
spread plasters upon.
Byrsodep'sicon, {Pvfxta, * a hide,' and ^cw, * I
tan.') A tan stuff, with which C^Lirs Aure-
LiANUS sprinkled wool, which he applied in cer-
tain cases to the umbilical region.
Byrsodep'sicum Princip'ium, Tannin.
Bysau'chen, gen. Bysanch'enia, {fivia, *I stop
up,' and av)(^i7v, ' the neck.') A morbid stiffness
of the neck. One with a short neck, — Simotra-
che'lus.
Bys'SUS, (Pvaaos,) Bya'snm. The ancients gave
this name to several vegetable substances, which
were used for the fabrication of stuffs prized for
their fineness, color, and rarity of material. It is
now chiefly applied to the filaments, by the aid of
which the acephalous mollusca — as the Piuwa
Mari'na — attach their shells to the rocks. Bys-
sus meant formerly also the vulva.
By'thus, (jSw^s, '■ depth.') An epithet used by
Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomaoh.
c.
C, This letter, in the chemical alphabet, sig-
nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre-
aoriptions for calx.
Caa-ap'ia, Dorste'nia Brazilien'aia seu cordi-
fo'lia seu placentoV dea seu viiel'la, Caroho de
Campo. Order, JJrticead. The root, according to
Piso, is employed as emetic and antidiarrhceic.
Caa-atay'a. A plant of Brazil, supposed to be
a species of gratiola. It is very bitter, and con-
sidered to be one of the best indigenous cathar-
tics.
Caacica, Euphorbia capitata.
Caa-ghiyu'yo, Fru'tex bac'cifer Brazilien'aia.
A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder, are
considered detersive.
Caao'pia, Hypericum bacciferum.
Caapeba, Pareira brava, Pothomorpha peltata
and P. umbellata.
Caaponga, Crithmum maritimum.
Caaro'ba. A Brazilian tree whose leaves, in
decoction, promote perspiration. See Caroba, and
Ceratonia.
Cabal', Gah'ala, Cahal'la, Cal'bala, Cnba'lia,
Kab'ala, Gaballa. This word is from the He-
brew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by tra-
dition. Paracelsus and several authors of the 16th
and 17th centuries have spoken much of this spe-
cies of magic, which they distinguished into
Juda'ic or theolorfian, and Hermet'ic or medic"-
inal ; the latter being, according to them, the art
of knowing the most occult properties of bodies
by an immediate communication with spirits, —
the knowledge being thus acquired by inspiration,
and incapable of inducing error. It was also
called Ara cabalia'tiea seu signa'ta, 'cabalistic
art.'
Cabarh.au. A plant of Mexico, according to
Dalechamps, which passes for an antidote to
white hellebore, and yet is used for poisoning ar-
rows. It is unknown to botanists.
Cab'alist, Cabalia'ta. One instructed in the
Cabal.
Caballa'tion, Cynoglossum.
Cabaret, Asarum.
Cab'bage, {caput, (I.) capuccio, 'a. head.')
Brassica — c. Cow, Nymphaea odorata — c. Irish,
Dracontium foetidum' — c. Skunk, Dracontium
foetidum — c. Swamp, Dracontvum foetidum — s.
Tree, GeofiFraea inermis — c. Water, Nymphaea
odorata.
Cab'bagebark Tree, GeofFraea inermis.
Cabba'gium, GeofiFraea inermis.
Cabotz, llagenia Abyssinica.
Cabureib'a, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
Cabureici'ba, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
Cacae'mia, Cachse'mia, (caco, and aiiia, ' blood.')
A faulty or morbid condition of the blood.
CaCSesthe'sis, Cacaseathe'aia, Cacomathe'iiia,
{caco, and aujBrjcii, ' feeling.') Morbid sensation.
Morbid general feeling. Indisposition.
Cacafer'ri, Ferri subcarbonas.
Cac'agOgue, Cacago'gua, Cac'cagogue, Caeca-
go' gun, (from cacee, and ayetv, *to expel.') An
ointment, composed of alum and honey; which,
when applied to the anus, produced an evacuation.
Cacalexite'ria, {caco, and aXi^eu), ' I ward off,')
Alexiteria.
Caca'lia Anteuphor'bium, {KUKulia,) Anteu-
phor'bium. Ord. Compositae. A plant, which
Bodoens and others considered to bo capable of
tempering the caustic properties of cuphorbium.
It is also called Klein'ia.
Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif-
ferent countries, chiefly as condiments.
Cacan'thrax, {caco, and anthrax,) see Anthrax.
Ca'caOt Ca'coa, Caca'vi, Qtiahoil, Cacava'ta.
The cocoa or chocolate nut ; fruit of Theobro'ma
Ga'cao, Co'coa Cacavif'era, Ca'cao mi'nor seu
sati'va, Cacao theobro'ma, (F.) Cacaoyer ou Ca-
caotier ordinare. Family, Malvaceae. Sex. Syat.
Polydelphia Pentandria. See Chocolate.
Cacaotier Ordinaire, see Cacao.
Cacaoyer Ch'dinaire, see Cacao.
Cacaph'tha, (coco, and aphtha,) see Aphthae.
Caca'tion, {cacare, * to go to stool.') Defeca-
tion.
Cacato'ria, Diarrhoea.
Cac'atory, Cacato'rrua. Febria cocato'ria ; a
kind of intermittent fever, accompanied by copi-
ous alvine evacuations.
Cacava'ta, Cacao.
Caca'vi, Cacao, Jatropha manihot.
Cac'cagogue, Cacagogue.
Cac'cfi, {kukkt],) Excrement.
Caccion'de. A sort of pill, chiefly formed of
catechu, recommended by Baglivi in dysentery.
Cacephebote'sia, (caco, and e^j/jSor;??, 'puberty.')
Morbid puberty. Disease occurring at the period
of puberty.
Cachalot, see Cetaceum.
Cachang-Parang. A sort of bean of Sumatra,
mentioned by Marsden, whose seeds are given in
pleurisy. Jussieu considered it to be the JJimo'aa
acan'dena.
Cachec'tic, Cachec'tea, Cachec'ticiia, (F.) Ca-
chec'tique, (same etymon as Cachexia.) One at-
tacked w 
