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THE 48TH HIGHLANDERS,

OF TORONTO.

HER MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA.

THE

48iH HIGHLANDERS

OF TORONTO.

CANADIAN MILITIA.

THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THIS REGIMENT,
AND A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE

HIGHLAND REGIMENTS

FROM TIME TO TIME

STATIONED IN CANADA.

ALEXANDER FRASER, M.A.,
SECRETARY TO THE CITIZENS COMMITTEE WHICH RAISED THE REGIMENT.

65250

E. L RUDDY,

TORONTO.
1900.

HOR1H YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
MAIN

; "7 t

Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada in the year IQOO
at the Department of Agriculture, by E. L. Ruddy.

Printed by R. G. McLean, Toronto.

With Ink manufactured by Canada Printing Ink Co., Toronto.

On Coated Paper made by Ritchie & Ramsay, Toronto.

PREFACE.

\VRITIXG the history of a regiment formed not more
than nine years ago, the advantage lies in the abun
dance of the material at hand. Brief the period may
be, and uneventful the record, but the whole story is
still fresh in the memorv, and no fact of interest or

importance need be overlooked. On the other hand, it is a matter
of constant regret with respect to some of the old regiments
particularly some of the old Highland regiments that so little is
definitely known of the details of their organization, and much
would be o-iven if the neglect of the time long ago could be repaired. In entering
upon the last year of its first decade as a military organization the time seems
opportune to place on permanent record in a worthy and befitting form the
interesting story of the origin and growth of a regiment occupying so conspicuous
a place in the Active Militia of Canada as does the 481)1 Highlanders of Toronto.

Though one of the latest battalions added to the Canadian Militia, it is one of
the most distinguished, efficient and popular of them all. Wearing the Highland
uniform, and headed by a band of pipers, it is a gallant corps, of which members of
all nationalities, but especially those of Scottish connection, are justly proud. It has
attracted to its ranks an excellent body of men, who have at all times taken a pride in
maintaining the honour of the regiment worthily, and a morale of the very highest
character. This was to have been expected from the history of Highland regiments
in the past, when, under all circumstances, duty and discipline have ever been the
watchword and motto of the Highland soldier, and the gallant 48th has shown itself
to be mindful of the glorious traditions of its predecessors.

While this work is essentially a history of the 48th Highlanders, it is but natural
to suppose that the idea such a corps represents is wider and touches interests
beyond the regiment itself which are dear to the Scotchman the.world over, and are

appreciated wherever the true military spirit exists. The martial ardour of the Gael,
his aptitude for soldiering, and his services in the field have been the subject of fitting,
though necessarily brief, reference in these pages. The association of Highland
regiments of the regular army with Canada has been also briefly noticed, and an
unbroken connection from Quebec to the present day traced between the Highland
soldier and the Dominion.

I he official documents from which the information was drawn were placed in
the hands of Mr. Alexander Eraser, the well-known journalist and Scottish author,
who was Secretary of the Citizens Committee which carried the movement for the
establishment of the 4&lt;Sth Highlanders to a successful issue. He is thoroughly
conversant with all the details of the formation of the regiment from the inception of
the movement, and with the record of the corps up to the present. He received all
necessary assistance from the officers of the regiment, so that this work may be
taken as accurate and complete.

TlIE PuiSLISHKR.

PART I.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY: THE MARTIAL SPIRIT OF THE GAEL.

reatest misfortune that can happen to any people is to have no
noble deeds and no heroic personalities to look back to ; for as
a wise present is the seed of a fruitful future, so a great past is
the seed of a hopeful present." So wrote Professor Blackie,
having in mind the courage and the martial fervour of the
Scottish people. From the dim beginning of history the Celt
reveals himself as a mighty man of war. Heroes lead him in
the fight, and bards celebrate his victories in song, accompanied
by the stringed harp and the tuneful lyre. In Europe he faced
the Roman legions, and when the long galleys lay-to off Dover,
the chalk-white cliffs were crowned by a resisting and resolute
people in which the Celtic blood still predominated. Genera
tions passed after Caesar, and the eagles waved triumphantly
over the rich southern plains, but the northern fastnesses were
held against the Roman arms by the prowess of the Gael, to
whose martial genius is clue the fact that " Caledonia, stern and
wild " has never yielded to the invader s power, nor to this day
has been conquered. Very early in the annals of Rome, a
victory by the Celtic leader, Brcnnus, over the Romans is
recorded. From classic story we also learn of a Roman defeat

at Allia, B.C. 391, by the Celts of Gaul. From these early days until the present
the Gael has shown a natural aptitude for war, and in modern times it is needless to
say no braver soldiers face the field than the kilted lads who dare a Dargai, an
Atbara or a Modder River. It was the same spirit that made a Bannockburn
possible, which stirred the Border Clans in their forays, and the Hebridean oarsmen
in their birlinn raids " clhain deoin co theireadhe " that responded to the call to
arms when the British Government was controlled by the wise policy of the elder
Pitt, whose words in reference to the Highland regiments are worth remembering.
It was after Culloden. Britain was deeply involved in war, and a scheme to embody

the Highlanders in regular corps, suggested first by the sagacious and statesmanly
Duncan Forbes to Walpole, was taken up by Pitt. Speaking of the experiment,
Pitt said : " I sought for merit wherever it could be found. It is my boast that I
was the first minister who looked for it, and found it, in the mountains of the
North. I called it forth, and drew into your service a hardy and intrepid race of
men ; men who, when left by your jealousy, became a prey to the artifices of your
enemies, and had gone nigh to have overturned the state in the war before last.
These men, in the last war, were brought to combat on your side, they served with
fidelity, as they fought with valour, and conquered for you in every quarter of the
world."

The history of the Scottish Highlanders during the last 150 years proves that
national sentiment is of inestimable value in military enterprise. From the time
when the Black Watch and other Highland regiments became a part of the British
Army the importance of well-managed and easily controlled individuality, as against
a blind uniformity, has been gradually recognized, and practical conviction has been
followed by beneficial results. To-day national sentiment is accordingly encouraged.
Scottish, Irish and English corps vie with each other in their zeal to uphold the
prestige of their country on the field of battle. This quality is forcibly stated by
General David Stewart in his rare book, in which he thus describes the difference
between the soldiers of three great countries :

" The German soldier considers himself as a part of the military machine and
duty marked out in the orders of the day. He moves onward to his destination
with a well-trained pace, and with as phlegmatic indifference to the result as a
labourer who works for his daily hire. The courage of the French soldier is
supported in the hour of trial by his high notions of the point of honour, but this
display of spirit is not always steady ; neither French nor German is confident in
himself, if an enemy gain his flank or rear. A Highland soldier faces his enemy,
whether in front, rear or flank, and if he has confidence in his commander, it may be
predicted with certainty that he will be victorious or die on the ground which he
maintains."

Why? General Stewart s answer is:

"He goes into the field resolved not to disgrace his name."

The greatest British generals are among those who acknowledge the military
value of a sentiment that inspires such determination and gives an impetus to
native valour.

A monopoly of this quality is not, of course, claimed for Highland soldiers, but
the Highland regiments, without exception, have shown themselves to possess this
high character in a marked degree ; and it is all-important that the reason why
should not be forgotten. The inborn military ardour of the Scottish Highlander is
kept alive by cherishing his racial characteristics. First and foremost is the native
love for his country. No people is more rooted in the soil than the Celt. With all

his love for pioneering, for leading the way to new countries and settling down in
them as his permanent home, it is nevertheless true of no one more than it is of the
Celt that he clearly loves the glen or mountain side where first he saw the light.
For his country s sake he will willingly die. Then, there is the deep-seated love for
clan and kinsmen, and the sacred regard for the family ties. It is difficult for a
stranger to appreciate this phase of the Highlander s character; it is the key to
much of his life, which, without it, cannot be understood. Love for the traditions of
the fathers, jealousy of their good name, pride in their historical achievements, and a
desire to emulate them, all combine to give force to his native courage and to give
him an exalted impression of his duty. As to the ancient Roman, so to him also the
creed can be applied which these lines contain :

" And how can a man die better

Than facing fearful odds,
For the ashes of his fathers
And the temples of his gods.

" And for the tender mother

Who dandled him to rest,
And for the wife who nurses
His baby at her breast."

The natural aptitude which the Highlander has for war is also stimulated by the
regimental accompaniments of music and dress. The martial music of the bagpipes
has stirred the Highland soldier s blood in many a hard-fought battle, and its
influence has been so great that no Highland regiment would claim to be complete
without its band of pipers. The Highland uniform is not only attractive in itself,
it has the merit of being a rational as well as a national costume. It permits ease of
movement and conduces to superior health. Highland soldiers love it as the
costume of their country from the olden time, and its use is a constant monitor to
wear it worthily. The "garb of old Gaul and the fire of old Rome" have been
coupled together not without good cause, but that need not be entered upon here.
While the "bonnet, kilt and feather," and the bagpipes remain there will be no lack
of Scotsmen to maintain the strength of the Highland regiments.

CHAPTER II.

HIGHLAND REGIMENTS IN CANADA.

THE BLACK WATCH.

FIRST of the old Highland regular regiments to have
been established was the " Black Watch "- the famous
Forty - Second regimented from six companies of
military police, which were formed in 1729, to keep the
peace in the disturbed portions of the Scottish High
lands. It is interesting at this lapse of time to note
that about one hundred and seventy years ago the duties of this
military police were the enforcement of the Disarming Act, the
overawing of the disaffected, the prevention of convocations of
the people, and " to check plunder and reprisals of cattle between
rival clans, and more particularly the depredations committed on
those of their more peaceable neighbours of the plains." These
and four additional companies were formed into a regiment of
the line in 1739, and the first muster took place in 1740. With
the formation of the " Black Watch " into a regular regiment
came the introduction of the Highland uniform into the British Army. The
Highland uniform is a modification ot the national costume of Scotland, suited to
the arms and accoutrements of the soldier.

A description of that worn at first by the " Black Watch " cannot fail to be of
interest to the Highland soldier of to-day. The uniform was a scarlet jacket and
waistcoat, with buff facings and white lace, tartan plaid of twelve yards plaited
round the middle of the body, the upper part being fixed on the left shoulder, ready
to be thrown loose and wrapped over both shoulders and firelock in rainy weather.
At night the plaid served the purpose of a blanket. These were called belted plaids,
from being kept tight on the body by a belt, and were worn on guards, reviews, and
on all occasions when the men were in full dress. On this belt hung the pistols and
dirk when worn. In the barracks, and when not on duty, the little kilt or philabeg
was worn. A blue bonnet, with border of white, red and green, arranged in small
squares to resemble the fess chequey in the arms of the different branches of the
Stewart family, and a tuft of feathers, or sometimes a small black bearskin. Tartan
hose with buckled shoes were worn, and sporrans of badger skins. The arms were

His EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA.
Tin- EAKI. OF MINTO, D.C., K.C.M.G.

a musket, a bayonet, and a large basket-hiked broadsword. Such of the men as
chose to supply themselves with pistols and dirks were allowed to carry them, and
some had targets. The sword belt was of black leather, and the cartouch-box was
carried in front, supported by a narrow belt round the middle. The officers dress-
coats were slightly embroidered with gold ; the sergeants jackets were trimmed
with silver lace, which they provided for themselves.

In the spring of 1756 the 42nd (Black Watch) Highland Regiment, under
Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Grant, embarked from Ireland for New York, to
take part in the struggle for supremacy in North America, between France and
Great Britain. Col. Francis Grant was a son of the Laircl of Grant, and had
joined the Forty-Second as a lieutenant in 1/39, on the formation of the regiment.
He was so popular with the men of the 42nd, that when a vacancy occurred in that
regiment, on the promotion of Lieut. -Col. John Campbell, who afterwards became
the celebrated Duke of Argyle, to the command of another regiment, they raised
money to purchase for Major Grant the vacant colonelcy. He was, however,
promoted without purchase and commanded the regiment in America until 176:;,
when he was transferred to the command of the goth Irish Light Infantry. He
subsequently rose to the rank of Lieutenant-General.

The 42nd formed part of Major-General Abercromby s division which reached
Halifax in the summer of 1757 in the first expedition for Louisbourg, which was
abandoned in consequence of the strength of the French force there. In the year
following they made the memorable charge at Ticonderoga, described by an officer
of the 55th thus : " With a mixture of esteem, grief and envy, I consider the great
loss and immortal glory acquired by the Scots Highlanders in the late bloody affair.
Impatient for orders, they rushed forward to the entrenchments, which many of
them actually mounted. They appeared as lions breaking from their chains. Their
intrepidity was rather animated than damped by seeing their comrades fall on every
side. ... By their assistance we expect soon to give a good account of the
enemy and ourselves." It was in this action that Major Duncan Campbell, of
Inverawe, fell, whose premonition of death has formed the subject of eerie legend for
the prose of Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, Bart., and the poetry of Robert Louis
Stevenson. The regiment, 1,300 strong, lost in that engagement, 8 officers, 9
sergeants, and 297 men, killed; 17 officers, 10 sergeants, and 306 men wounded.
The King conferred the honour of " Royal " on the regiment at this time.

The Second battalion of the 42nd was raised in 1758 and joined the First battal
ion in 1/59, the combined regiment taking part under General Amherst, in the
operations ending in the capture of Montreal and the end of the war. After the
Revolutionary War in which the 42nd bore a distinguished part, it served in Nova
Scotia, remaining there until 1789. On New Year s clay, 1785, new colours were
presented to the regiment by Major-General Campbell, commanding in Nova Scotia.
The last visit of the regiment to Canada was in 1851-52, when it again settled in

Nova Scotia, Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island. The officers and the band
assisted at the annual meeting of the North British Society ; and a minute of that
old institution records a donation of 7 ios. by the band and pipers to the charity
fund of the society.

PHASER S HIGHLANDERS.

So far as actual service is concerned no Highland regiment has been so closely
identified with Canadian history as Eraser s Highlanders, the old ;8th regiment. It
is in connection with this body of men that Pitt s famous utterance regarding the
Highland regiments, is most often quoted. Pitt s speech was delivered in the
House of Lords in 1766, but nine years before that time in 1757 he made a
recommendation to King George II. that he appoint the Honourable Simon Eraser,
the eldest son of Lord Lovat (beheaded on Towerhill), as Lieut. -Col. Commandant
of a battalion, to be raised on the forfeited estate of his own family, and on those of
his kinsmen and clan. "Without estate, money or influence ; beyond the influence
which flowed from attachment to his family, person and name, this gentleman, "-
writes General Stewart " in a few weeks, found himself at the head of 800 men,
recruited by himself. The gentlemen of the country and the officers of the regiment
added more than 700; and thus a battalion was formed of 13 companies of 105
rank and file each, making in all 1460 men including 65 sergeants and 30 pipers
and drummers." The men wore the full Highland dress, with musket and
broadsword. The bonnet was raised or cocked on one side and had two or more
black feathers. Stewart remarks that the ostrich feathers in the soldiers bonnets
were a modern innovation. The regiment embarked at Greenock, in company
with Montgomerie s Highlanders, and landed at Halifax in June, 1757. Every
account of its conduct in garrison and field agrees as to the courage and soldierly
bearing of the men. At Louisbourg they bore themselves with distinction, and
won the confidence and praise of General Wolfe of whose army they formed an
important part. It was at Quebec, however, that the regiment found its great
opportunity, and its name will go down with W olfe s immortal victory. At the
critical point in the attack on Quebec, Wolfe decided on scaling the woody
precipices above the city, so as to occupy the Plains of Abraham. The Highlanders
were, as they were wont to be, at the front, and to Captain Simon Eraser of
Balnain, belonged the honour of leading the advance, and first encountering the
French sentinels. Smollett gives the following interesting note: "The Erench
had posted sentries along the shore to challenge boats and vessels, and give the
alarm occasionally. The first boat that contained the British troops being ques
tioned accordingly, a captain of Eraser s regiment, who had served in Holland,
and who was perfectly well acquainted with the Erench language and customs,
answered without hesitation to Qui five ? which is their challenging word la
France ; nor was he at a loss to answer the second question,, which was much
more particular and difficult. When the sentinel demanded, a q^lel regiment ?

the captain replied, dc la rciir:, which he knew, by accident, to be one of those
that composed the body commanded by Bougainville." The boats proceeded
without further question. The Highlanders and light infantry were soon at the
top of the cliff, and the sentries slain or captured. The part played by the /8th
on the eventful battlefield is history. The Canadian poet, Duncan Anderson,
describes it :

" And the shrill pipe its coronach that wailed

On dark Culloden moor o er trampled dead,
Now sounds the "Onset" that each clansman knows,

Still leads the foremost rank, where noblest blood is shed."

After the surrender of Quebec, General Townshencl embarked for England,
leaving an effective force of 5000 men in command of General the Hon. James
Murray. Eraser s Highlanders formed part of that force, and in the subsequent
fighting Colonel Eraser commanded the left wing of the army, and his Highlanders
behaved with valour and generally lost heavily. The regiment remained in Quebec
until the summer of 1762, when it joined the expedition to retake St. John s, New
foundland, and the year following it was disbanded, many of the officers and men.
remaining as settlers in Canada.

During their stay in Quebec the Highlanders became favourites with the people,
but their national garb was not viewed with favour. The Gray Nuns especially,
considered that the limbs should be covered during the severe cold of winter, and
they improvised garments for them accordingly. The idea took hold of some of the
officers in high authority and a proposal was seriously made to change the uniform.
IJut the officers and men so strenuously opposed the change that the commander-in-
cllief agreed to allow the Highland dress to be worn, and this is the testimony of the
regiment : " We were allowed to wear the garb of our fathers, and in the course of
six winters, showed the doctors that they did not understand our constitutions, for in
the coldest winters our men were more healthy than those regiments who wore
breeches and warm clothing." From 1758 to 1762 Eraser s Highlanders lost 4
captains, 10 subalterns, 4 sergeants, 2 pipers, 103 rank and file, killed; and 2 field
officers, 9 captains, 35 subalterns, 17 sergeants, 383 rank and file, wounded. The
battles they were engaged in were Louisbourg, Montmorency, Plains of Abraham,
Quebec, and St. John s.

The connection of Eraser s Highlanders with Canada is also interesting from
the Masonic standpoint. The first military lodge which sprang into existence at
Quebec was St. Andrews , established October 2Oth. 1760, in the 78th Highlanders,
by Colonel Simon Eraser, then Provincial Grand Master Mason of Canada, to
which position he was elected on the 241)1 June previously. He was the second
Provincial Grand Master in Canada.

In 1775 Eraser s Highlanders was reorganized in two battalions consisting of
2,340 officers and men. The Colonel-in-chief was the Hon. Simon Eraser, of Lovat,

the Lieut.-Colonel of the first battalion, Sir William Krskine, of Tony, and of the
second battalion, Archibald Campbell. It was numbered the ;ist, and served with
conspicuous distinction in the Revolutionary War, but did not fight on Canadian soil.

MONTGOMERIE S HIGHLANDERS.

This reo-iment was named after the Hon. Archibald Montgomerie, son of the

O ....

Earl of Eglinton, to whom letters of service were issued in 1757 for recruiting it.
The regiment was thoroughly Highland, and embarked for Halifax with Eraser s
Highlanders. They were attached to General Forbes corps, and operated against
Fort clu Quesne (now Pittsburg) Little Keome, Estatoe, Martinique, Havannah.
and St. John s. They were ably commanded and had a full share in the one&lt;oi:s
work of Indian warfare, as well as in the conflicts with the regular troops of the
enemy. Quite a number of the men settled in Nova Scotia and the Eastern States
and fought in the 84th regiment in the Revolutionary War.

THE 84th HIGHLANDERS.

The Royal Highland Emigrants, or the old 84th regiment, should possess a
special interest to Scottish-Canadians, for of Scottish-CanadiansScottish settlers
in Canada was it formed. After the peace of 1763, a considerable number of the
men and officers of Eraser s Highlanders (78th batt.), Montgomerie s Highlanders
(77th batt.), and of the 42nd Highlanders (Black Watch), were allowed to remain
in North America, obtaining substantial grants of land according to rank. At that
time there was but a limited emigration from the Highlands, but the veterans of the
regiments named and other Highlanders in Canada and the eastern States were
embodied as the Royal Highland Emigrants in 1775, afterwards numbered the
84th. The regiment was made up of two battalions the ist raised and
commanded by Lieut.-Col. Allan Maclean, of Torloisk, and the 2nd by Captain
John Small, a native of Strathardle, in Athole, a splendid soldier, who rose high in
the service and died a Major-General and Governor of Guernsey in 1796.

Colonel Maclean s battalion was raised mainly in the States, that of Major-
Commandant Small in Nova Scotia. In April, 1775, Col. Maclean went secretly
into Carolina, and with the assistance of Capt. Alexander MacLeod, formerly of
Eraser s Highlanders, he raised a company, which he left under the command of
Capt. MacLeod to bring North, while he went to other parts of the intervening
States to arouse the old soldiers. When all the companies met, Col. Maclean
marched with his regiment to Quebec, and to him and his command have been
credited the chief honour of saving that ancient fortress from the arms of Generals
Arnold and gallant Montgomery. The skill and generalship of Maclean were
conspicuous throughout the siege, and his services have been placed by military
writers amono- the most distinguished of the Revolutionary \\ ar. 1 he 2nd

O .

battalion also made a fine record in Nova Scotia, where five of the ten companies

composing it remained during the war, the other five joining Lord Cornwallis in his
operations to the southward. In 1778 the two battalions were designated the 841!!
regiment, and Sir Henry Clinton was appointed Colonel-in-Chief, the two
commandants remaining as before. The uniform was the full Highland garb, with
sporrans made of racoons instead of badgers skins. The officers wore the
broadsword and dirk, and the men a half-basket sword. In 1783, on the conclusion
of the war, the regiment was disbanded, and the soldiers again became settlers.
The most of Colonel Maclean s battalion (the ist) settled in Ontario, while that of
Colonel Small preferred Nova Scotia and settled in the township of Douglas. The
captains obtained grants of 3000 acres of land each, the subalterns 500 acres, the
sergeants 200 acres, and the privates 100 acres each. Many of the most prominent
public men in Canada during the century can trace their origin to the veteran
soldier-settlers of the Royal Highland Emigrant Regiment.

ARGYLE HIGHLANDERS.

The old Seventy-Fourth regiment or Argyle Highlanders were embodied in
1778, having been raised by Colonel John Campbell, of Barbreck, a distinguished
soldier of the Seven Years War. The regiment was 960 rank and file, and formed
part of Brigadier-General Francis Maclean s command in Nova Scotia in the fall of
1778. They served at Charlestown and Penobscot, and shared in the brilliant
campaign conducted in these sections by General Maclean until the peace, when
they were disbanded at Stirling, Scotland.

The foregoing are the old Highland regiments who, in active service, touched
Canada. Other Highland corps of last century, but not coming within scope of this
sketch, as they did not serve in Canada, were :

Loudon s Highlanders (1745-1748), which gave the famous Colonel Allan
Maclean his first experience in the Army, he having joined it as a lieutenant.

Old 87th and 88th Keith s and Campbell s Highlanders (i775- J 7 8 3)&gt; which
saw service on the continent of Furope only.

The 89th Highland Regiment (1759-1765) service in the East Indies only.
Various reasons are sometimes assigned for the raising of regiments of soldiers other
than those of patriotism and the public weal. The motive assigned for the offer to
raise the old Sgth is thus given by a credible writer: "At the solicitation of the
Dowager Duchess of Gordon, Major Staates Long Morris, to whom she had been
lately married, was appointed to raise the regiment, and to strengthen his interest
amongst the youth of the North, her eldest son by her former husband, the late
Duke of Gordon, then a youth at college, was appointed a captain ; his brother,
Lord William, a lieutenant, and his younger brother, Lord George, an ensign. The
object of the duchess in obtaining these appointments was to counteract the political
influence of the Duke of Argyle during the minority of her son. Major Morris was
so successful that, in a few weeks, 760 men were collected at Gordon Castle." The
regiment had a brief but brilliant career in India.

LiEiT.-Coi.. JOHN I. DAVIDSON,

FIRST COMMANDING OFFICER 48111 HIGHLANDERS.

Now HONORARY LIEUT.-COLONEL.

Johnstone s Highlanders 101st (1760-1763) embodied at Perth, and named
after Sir James Johnstone, of Westehall, major-commandant of the regiment. They
saw no active service.

Macdonald s Highlanders, Old 76th (1777-1784). Raised by Lord Macdonald,
in the Highlands and Isles. The first lieutenant-colonel was Major John Macdonald,
of Lochgarry, from Eraser s Highlanders. They served in the Revolutionary War,
in New York and Virginia.

Athole Highlanders, Old 77th (1778-1783). Did garrison duty only in Ireland.

Aberdeenshire Highland Regiment, Old 81st, (1777-1783). Garrison duty
only in Ireland.

These regiments were disbanded when the purpose of their organization had
been accomplished. The Highland regiments succeeding them, which remain to
the present day are ten in number, viz.:

The 7 ist Highland Light Infantry, formerly Lord McLeod s Highlanders
(73rd).

The 72ncl, Duke of Albany s Own Highlanders, formerly Seaforth s High
landers and the 78th regiment.

The 73rd Regiment.

The 74th Highlanders.

The 75th Regiment (Stirlingshire).

The 78th Highlanders, or Ross shire Buffs.

The 79th Cameron Highlanders, at first named the "Cameraman Volunteers."

The gist Argyle Highlanders, formerly the g8th Highlanders.

The 92nd Gordon Highlanders.

The 93rd Sutherland Highlanders.

Before these comes the 42nd Black Watch, the oldest Highland regiment in
the British Army, making in all eleven Highland regiments in the Imperial service.
They are regimented thus :

The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) Depot, Perth.

42nd ist Battalion of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders).
73rd 2nd Battalion of the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders).

The Highland Light Infantry Depot, Hamilton.

7 ist ist Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry.
/4th 2nd Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry.

Seaforth Highlanders Depot, Fort George.

72nd ist Battalion of Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, Duke of
Albany s).

78th 2nd Battalion of Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, Duke of
Albany s).

The Gordon Highlanders Depot, Aberdeen.

75th ist Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders.
92nd 2nd Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders.

The Queen s Own Cameron Highlanders Depot, Inverness.

79th ist and 2nd Battalions of the Queen s Own Cameron Highlanders.

Princess Louise s (Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders) Depot, Stirling.

9 ist ist Battalion of Princess Louise s (Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders.)

93rd 2nd Battalion of Princess Louise s (Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders.)

It now remains to refer briefly to the Highland regiments which were
stationed in Canada from the earlier part of this century down to the time when the
Imperial forces were practically withdrawn from the Dominion. Following the
numerical order consecutively, we have, first, the

Seventy-First Regiment Highland Light Infantry. After a career of
exceptional brilliancy from the time of its organization in 1777, as Lord
MacLeod s Highlanders, this regiment rested in Ireland for three years before
1824, when it embarked at Cork for Canada. It landed at Quebec, where the
establishment was augmented from eight to ten companies (six service and four
depot) and where headquarters were fixed. Companies were stationed at Sorel and
Three Rivers. In 1827 the headquarters were removed to Montreal, and
remaining there one year, were transferred to Kingston in 1828, and to Toronto in
1829, that city being then known as York. From Toronto headquarters, one
company was stationed at Niagara, one at Amherstburg, one at Penetanguishene,
and a small number of men occupied the naval port at Grand River, Lake Erie,
occupying these stations for about two years. Sir Gordon Drummond was then
colonel of the regiment, and was succeeded by Major-General Sir Colin Hackett.
In 1831 the regiment moved to Quebec and embarked for Bermuda. Passing
thence to Britain and thence to Ireland, the six service companies embarked again
from Cork to Canada in 1838. In 1840 the six service companies were at St. John,
New Brunswick, whence they went to Montreal in 1842, where they were joined by
the reserve companies of the regiment, under Lieut. -Colonel James England, the
six service companies being under the command of Major William Denny, who,
upon the arrival of Lieut.-Colonel England, took command of the reserve companies
and took up quarters at Chambly. The service companies, now forming the ist
battalion of the regiment, left almost immediately afterwards for the West Indies,
leaving the reserve companies, or 2nd battalion, at Chambly. The movements of
Major Denny s command were frequent. In 1845 the headquarters and three
companies were removed to Kingston; in 1846 from Kingston to La Prairie; in

1847 from La Prairie to Chambly; same year from Chambly to St. John, N.B. ; in
1849 from St. fohns to Montreal ; in 1850 to Toronto, where a year was spent ; and
in 1852 to Kingston, where Lieut. -Colonel Sir Hew Dalrymple, Bart., who had
been in command, retired from the service, and was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel
Nathaniel Massey Stack. In 1854 the battalion in Canada returned to Great
Britain, and took part in the Crimean War.

The Seventy-Third Regiment was stationed in Nova Scotia in 1838, remaining
in garrison until 1841, when it was withdrawn.

The 74th Highlanders whose distinguished services are second to none-
embarked at Cork for Halifax in 1818. Companies were stationed at St. John s,
Newfoundland ; St. John, New Brunswick, with headquarters and five companies at
Fredericton, N.B. In 1823 headquarters were removed to Halifax, remaining until
1828, when the regiment embarked for Bermuda, whence in 1830 it reached
Ireland. In 1841 it was once more stationed in Canada, with headquarters at
Quebec, Montreal, and La Prairie. It moved to Nova Scotia in 1844, and left for
Britain in 1845, anc ^ ul T-&4& tne tartan was restored to it for trews, and the plaid
cap became the head-dress.

The Seventy-Eighth Highlanders. That so distinguished a Highland regiment
as the 78th, Ross-shire Buffs, should receive a most cordial welcome to Canada, from
the enthusiastic Scottish clansmen, is only what might have been taken for granted.
The patriotic, yea, the old national feeling was fairly roused. The regiment under
the command of Lieut -Colonel Alexander Mackenzie, of Belmaduthy, arrived at
Montreal from Gibraltar in July, 1867. A course of musketry instruction was taken
at Chambly and work was put on the fortifications at Quebec. An event of interest
in the military history of Canada and of the regiment took place on the 3Oth of May,
1868, when new colours were presented to it on the Champ de Mars, Montreal.
The old colours bore the stain and tatters of many a hard-fought field, in which the
fate of the clay was not seldom sealed by the bravery of the regiment, and the new
colours did not take their place in succession without due homage and ceremony.
The presentation was made by Lady Winclham in the presence of ten thousand
spectators. The Rev. Joshua Fraser offered the consecration prayer, after which
the colours were handed over to Ensigns \Yaugh and Fordyce. Lieut. -General
Windham, the Commancler-in-Chief, addressed the regiment in terms of the highest
praise. The 78th Highlanders, he said, had always conducted themselves bravely
and with unsullied loyalty. The old colours were sent to Dingwall, Ross-shire, to.be
there preserved. In May, 1869, the regiment left Montreal for Halifax. Before
leaving Montreal an address, couched in complimentary terms, was presented to the
regiment by the St. Andrews Society, of Montreal. The regiment remained in
Nova Scotia until 1871, companies doing duty regularly at St. John, N.B., and in
November of that year it embarked for Britain.

The Seventy-Ninth, Cameron Highlanders. Embodied in 1793, the Cameron
Highlanders, when it arrived in Canada in 1825, had already a long and distin
guished career behind it, the glories of Waterloo, immortalized by Byron :

" And wild and high the Cameron s Gathering rose,
The war-note of Lochiel, which Albyn s hills
Have heard, and heard too, have her Saxon foes :
How in the noon of night that pibroch thrills
Savage and shrill ! But with the breath that fills
Their mountain pipe, so fill the mountaineers
With the fierce native daring which instils
The stirring memory of a thousand years
And Evan s Donald s fame rings in each clansman s ears."

Dr. A. Anderson, regimental surgeon, tells that in 1809 "the 79th did what no
other regiment did. In January of that year they were in Spain at the Battle of
Corunna and returned to Britain in February, when 700 men and several officers
suffered from a dangerous typhus fever, yet not a man died. In July they embarked
1002 bayonets for Walcheren, were engaged during the whole siege of Flushing in
the trenches, yet not a man wounded, and whilst there lost only one individual in
fever Paymaster Baldock, the least expected of any one. During the three months
after their return to Britain, only ten men died, and in December of that same year
again embarked for the Peninsula, 1032 strong." Men with such impervious con
stitutions and good luck "were not born for nothing," and the Camerons well-merited
the application of the adage.

In the spring of 1825 the 79th embarked at Cork for Canada under command
of Colonel Sir Neil Douglas. Headquarters were fixed at Quebec, where the
regiment remained until 1828, when they removed to Montreal. On the anniversary
of Waterloo, the i8th of June, 1828, the regiment was presented with new colours
at Montreal, the gift of Lieut.-General Sir R. C. Ferguson, who had succeeded
Lieut.-General Sir Alan Cameron in the colonelcy of the regiment. The ceremony
was performed by Lady Douglas, on the Champ de Mars, in the presence of a vast
concourse of people. In 1833 headquarters were removed to Quebec, where the
regiment was stationed during its further stay in Canada until 1836. The 79th
was again stationed at Quebec from July, 1848, until August, 1851, when before
leaving, the mayor and council in a letter addressed to Lieut -Colonel the Honour
able Lauderdale Maule, bears testimony to the excellent conduct of the men. The
officers and men erected in St. Andrew s Church, a marble tablet to the memory of
the non-commissioned officers and men who died during the period of service in
Canada.

The Ninety-Third, Sutherland Highlanders. The 93rd was ordered to Canada
in December of 1837, co-incident upon the rising of 1837, there. In January, 1838,

the regiment, in two divisions, embarked at Cork, one under Lieut-Colonel Duncan
MacGregor, and the other under command of Major Arthur. Both divisions were
united at Halifax. During the troubles in Canada the regiment had not an
opportunity of meeting the enemy except at Prescott, at the attack and capture in
the Windmill. At this period the regiment was very much divided, but before the
end of the year, 1838, the companies came together at Toronto, where Lieut. -
Colonel Spark took command in succession to Lieut-Colonel MacGregor. Its stay
in Canada extended over ten years. It remained in Toronto from the beginning of
1838 until the i;th June, 1845, with the exception of one year May, 1840, to May,
1841 when it was stationed at Drummondsville, near Niagara Falls. While in
Toronto in 1842 an order from the Horse Guards pays a high tribute to its morale,
and by implication the reverse of a compliment to that of the Toronto of those days.
It runs : "This fine regiment still continues to maintain its character for comparative
sobriety and good order amidst the dissipation with which it appears to be surrounded,
and that it is as remarkable for its splendid appearance in the field, and the correct
ness of its evolutions, as for the quiet and orderly habits of its men in their quarters."
In May, 1845, tne 93 f d proceeded to Montreal, where it was joined by a part of the
regiment which had been stationed for several months at Kingston. About a year
was spent at Montreal and nearly three in Quebec, when in 1848 it returned to Scot
land, later on to win the undying glories of the Crimea and India.

From the ranks of these regiments Canada drew not a few citizens who have
distinguished themselves in every line of enterprise, in commerce, finance, the
professions and in public life. Men who having the hardy training of soldiers, and
the sterling character of their race, have done incalculable service in laying the
foundations of this young country and in building upon them a superstructure of
which their descendants need not feel ashamed.

THE HIGHLAND COMPANIES.

Some of the officers and men who came to Canada with the Highland
regiments above referred to settled down to the peaceful avocations of life in the
new land instead of accompanying their regiments back to the land of their fathers
for their discharge there. We find them turning their military knowledge to the
advantage of Canada in connection with the militia of the country. Those with
strong Highland proclivities naturally favoured corps on the plan of the Highland
regiments in which they had served, even to the dress and name. Evidences of
their activity are to be met with at Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto,
Whitby, Hamilton, and London, Ont, where Highland Companies were formed, but
they had had precedents to go by in the far past. One of the earliest is the
Highland Company which composed the left of the Queen s Rangers, commanded in

the Revolutionary War by Colonel Simcoe. Colonel Stephen Jarvis says of it : " I
was eye witness to a very brave exploit performed by the left division, the Highland
Company, under the command of Captain, afterwards Major-General /Eneas Shaw.
One of the field pieces belonging to the Light Infantry had got fast in a quagmire,
and at last was abandoned by the artillery attached to it. The rebels gave a shout :
Huzza ! the cannon is our own, and advanced to take possession when Captain
Shaw ordered his division to the right about, charged the enemy and brought off the
cannon, which was ever after attached to the regiment."

Highland Company of Montreal. The Highland sentiment so unmistakeably
traced in the military life of Montreal, at an early date manifested itself in the
formation of a Highland Company which became a part of the Prince of Wales
Regiment. This regiment was the first which was formed under the Militia
Act of 1859, having been constituted on the i/th of November, 1859, and
therefore, having the honour of being
named the " First Battalion," Canadian
Militia. The regiment was formed of
companies which had been in existence
previously as independent rifle com
panies of volunteers. The first of these
companies was organized on the 3151 of
August, 1855, and the others between
that date and the 4th of April. 1857,
when the ninth company was formed.
Two and a half years later they were
united in a battalion. No. 7 Company
was raised on the i6th October, 1856,
and was authorized as a Highland Com
pany. The command of the company
was entrusted to John Macpherson, a member of No. i Company, the first
lieutenant being George McGibbon, and the first ensign Peter Moir. On the
embodiment of the battalion Captain John Macpherson continued in command of the
Highland Company, with Peter Moir as lieutenant, Duncan Macpherson as ensign,
and George Brown as supernumerary ensign. The dress was a green coat faced
with red and gold, tartan MacKenzie trousers, tartan shoulders plaid, Highland
bonnet with ostrich plumes and red feather. The officers wore the dirk and
broadsword, and the piper, the full H ighlancl costume, the kilt and its accoutrements.
The members of the company were described, on the occasion of a visit to Portland,
Maine, in 1858, as " thoroughly Scotch in features, spare and sharp, and in their
native tartan, like true followers of the Bruce."

In 1860 the Commissioned Officers were: John Macpherson, Captain; Peter
Moir, Lieutenant ; George Brown, Ensign ; Alex. Graham Lindsay, Supernumerary

OFFICERS OF THE HIGHLAND COMPANY OF THE
PRINCE OF WALKS REGIMENT, 1859.

Ensign. Non-Commissioned Officers: Colour Sergeant, James Stenhouse ;
Sergeants, Thomas McWilliams, David Laurie, W. G. Slack, James Scott, John
Willock, James Ridley; Corporals: Walter McGrath, Murdoch McKenzie, John
Buchanan, Robert Slater, Donald Hamilton ; Pipers : James Macdonald and
Archibald McGinnis ; Bugler, Ashley Cole.

The Company afterwards joined the 5th Royals, which later became the 5th
Battalion Royal Scots of Canada.

THE TORONTO COMPANY OF HIGHLAND RIFLES.

Among the things around which military memories linger in Toronto is the
Company of Highland Rifles, at one time attached to the Queen s Own Rifles. The
veterans of to-day delight, as veterans only do, in reminiscences of the time when
they served in its ranks, and to them it is a source of regret that no adequate
account of it has been preserved.

Within the scope of this work only a brief notice is permissible ; yet, as a
company in which the Highland idea of soldiering was enthusiastically upheld and
exemplified, a short sketch is obviously in place in this volume.

The company was raised on the i8th of September, 1856, those chiefly
instrumental in its organization being : A. M. Smith, at one time in the 93rcl
Sutherland Highlanders ; A. T. Fulton, merchant ; John Gardner, at one time in the
7ist Highland Light Infantry; Robert Sutherland and Mr. R. H. Ramsay. The
first officers were: A. M. Smith, Captain; A. T. Fulton, Lieutentant ; John
Gardner, Ensign ; Francis McMannus Russell, Surgeon. It was then known as
No. 3 Independent Volunteer Rifle Co. of Toronto. When the independent
companies were formed into No. 2 Battalion Queen s Own Rifles, the Highland
Company was designated No. 4 (Highland). At that time Captain A. M. Smith
was appointed Major in the Queen s Own Rifles, and his place was taken in the
captaincy of the Highland Company by Lieutenant Fulton, Ensign Gardner
becoming Lieutenant, and John Sheddon, Ensign. This was in May, 1860.
Captain Fulton is said by Mr. Chadwick to have been " a splendid drill, and aided
by the natural steadiness of the Highlanders, soon obtained a reputation for his
company which they ever afterwards maintained." In 1863 Captain Fulton retired,
and Lieutenant John Gardner was, on the 2ist August of that year, appointed to the
command of the company, with R. H. Ramsay as Lieutenant, and Donald Gibson as
Ensign. In 1866 Captain Gardner retired from active command and was succeeded
by Lieutenant Ramsay as Captain, with Ensign Gibson as Lieutenant, and Mr.
Henry Scott as Ensign. These were the officers of the company at the time of its
dissolution.

Although No. 4 of the Queen s Own Rifles, at first, the company was, being
dressed in the kilt, always placed on the left of the line of the parade, and for this
reason the number was changed from 4 to 10, the latter number being the one by
which it is familiar to the survivors of those connected w r ith it.

In 1866 Captain Gardner was associated with Captain Ramsay in the Fenian
Raid expedition, and commanded at Ridgeway. It is related with pride how the
Highland Rifles was the last to retire from the field. Mr. Matheson, druggist,
Toronto, acted as company bugler that day, and when the " retreat " was sounded he
did not interpret it as a retire call. Some one from the ranks called out to Captain
Gardner that he had heard a retire call. That officer was enraged at the idea and
shouted back : "If you say it again I ll cut you down with my sword. It s a charge.
Are you ready ? " Pouches were examined and those who had three or more
cartridges left had to share one or more of them with those who had only one or
none. The ammunition was nearly all spent. These are said to have been Captain
Gardner s orders : " We are now to charge. Steady men ! Go forward at the
double, keeping steady as if on parade. You know how to do it, you ve done it
often at drill. Keep steady as you march on, but cheer for all you re worth." The
company advanced about twenty paces at the double when an officer rode up and
shouted " Halt ! where are you going with these men, sir ? Can t you see the line has
retired?" The order was then given : "The shortest way to the reserve/and the com
pany retired. Among those wounded were John Whyte and Forbes Me Hardy.

The company lay at Stratford for some weeks, and there a photograph was
taken of the company, with its officers in front, which is a much cherished relic in
many homes now scattered over Canada and the United States, for members of the
Highland Rifles have followed Fortune wherever her smile beckoned. On the ist
of October, 1868, the company disbanded because the Government refused to grant
an allowance in lieu of the ordinary uniform ; or perhaps it would be more correct to
say that for the sake of uniformity the military authorities insisted upon the
company adopting the same uniform as the other companies of the regiment wore,
and as the Highlanders were not permitted to wear the kilt, they declined
re-enrollment under the Militia Act of 1868, and so became extinct.

The members continued to meet at their old rendezvous, and not having now
the bond of military duty to keep them together, the idea occurred to some of them
that they should form themselves into a Scottish society. About that time the old
Highland Society of Toronto was less active than usual, and an amalgamation was
brought about between it and the members of the Highland company, the combined
body being named the " Caledonian Society of Toronto," including Highlander and
Lowlander, under the Gaelic name " Caledonia," usually derived from " Coille
daome," \\~oodlanders." It is interesting to note that the society thus formed,
should, twenty-three years afterwards, in 1891, have retained so lively a recollection
of the experiences associated with the old Highland Rifles as to be among the most
enthusiastic promoters and generous donors of the 48th Highlanders at the period
of its organization.

The interesting list of the original members is as follows.: the officers as
already mentioned; Ouarter-Master-Sergeant George Ocil, Col.-Sergeant Robert

Sutherland, Sergeants Robert Morrison and James Gray, Corporals Robert J affray
and Win. Ramsay, Piper Donald MacRae, Bugler Win. Wallace, Privates Archie
McFarlane, Win. Bansley, Alexander Barrie, Henry Braid, John Calver, William
Cos, Nicholas Gumming-, Andrew Fleming, Peter Gardner, George Gilchrist,

William Goldie, George Gratton, Alexander Gray,
Allan Walker, Walter Wilson, Daniel Rose, James
Mowatt, John Atchison, Neil Johnston, \Vm. G.
Kemp, Alexander Moodie, Malcolm Morrison,
Joseph McGeorg e, Wm. McGeorge, Alaistair
Mac Donald, Thomas Macintosh, Duncan Mac
Kinnon, Alistair M. Oliphant, Henry McLeod,
Robert H. Ramsay, Adam Reid, David Ross,
Alexander Thorburn, George Wills, James Wilson,
and Sam. Hutcheson.

The uniform was the same as that of the
93rd Sutherland Highlanders, with the exception
of the feather bonnet the glengarry being worn
and the tunic, which was of green material with
red facings.

Another Highland company which was con
nected with the Queen s Own Rifles, Toronto, was
"F" or No. 6 company of Whitby. It was incor
porated with the Queen s Own on the formation
of the latter in 1860. It does not appear to have
ever paraded with the regiment although not
It is now No. i Company of the 34th regiment.

ALEXANDER M. OLIPHANT.

PIPE-MAJOR, HIGHLAND RIFLES,

TORONTO, 1865.

gazetted out until November, 1862.

REGIMENTS WITH HIGHLAND FAVOURS.

The 5th Battalion " Royal Scots of Canada," Montreal, need merely be
mentioned. They were embodied in 1862, as the 5th Royals, with six companies.
They now wear full Highland uniform (kilts). The badge is the popular clan
badge, a boar s head, and the motto " Ne obliviscaris," the same as those of the
9 ist Princess Louise s (Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders).

The 20th, "Lome Rifles," Halton, under Lieut. -Colonel Allan, an enthusiastic
Hig hland soldier, wore tartan trews and diced bonnets. Except the name, nothing
now remains to indicate the Highland influences which at one time dominated it.

The 1 5th, "Argyle Light Infantry," Belleville, bears a Highland name, and as
a badge has the Campbell Boar s Head, with the motto, "Null! secundus."

The 78th battalion, " Colchester, Hants and Pictou," headquarters, Truro,
Nova Scotia, has the title " Highlanders" after their designation, evidently in honor

of the number 781)1, though there should be no lack of good Highland material in
Pictou to fill the ranks of the regiment.

So with the /9th battalion, Shefforcl, Waterloo, Quebec. The word " High
landers " is used in the name, and more pronounced still are :

The 94th, "Victoria" battalion, "Argyll Highlanders," with headquarters at
Baddeck, Cape Breton, where men of Highland blood, aye and speech too, are
numerous, and the Celtic sentiment strong.

A few years ago a few Highlanders in Hamilton, Ont., headed by Mr. John
Niven Macdougall, made an effort to raise one or two Highland companies, which it
was proposed should be attached to the i3th Regiment. The object in view was

OFFICERS AND NON-COM. OFFICERS HIGHLAND COMPANY, Q.O.R., 1868.

CAPT. ROBERT H. RAMSAY. PIPE-MAJOR A. W. OUPHANT.

COL.-SERGT. ROBERT BAIN. SERGEANT GRASSICK. LIEUT. DONALD GIBSON.

ENSIGN HENRY SCOTT. SERGEANT J. MACDONALD.

maturing, it was thought favorably, when some unaccountable obstacle arose in
connection with the relation which the company should have to the ijth, and the
project was, for the time being, abandoned. But the money for the uniforms and
the men to wear them, were then available.

Recently the movement has been launched on a more ambitious plan. The
idea now is to organize a battalion, and the following gentlemen are acting as a
committee for the promoters: Messrs. Colin MacLeod (chairman), George Upsdell,
H. Ward, J. Eves, J. Coombes, W. G. Reid, J. R. Graham, and Dr. Gibson. It is
said that public feeling in Hamilton is strongly in favour of the formation of a
Highland regiment for that city, and no insuperable difficulty seerns to stand in the
way of accomplishing their desire.

PART II.

CHAPTER I.

FORTY-EIGHTH HIGHLANDERS : FORMATION OF THE

REGIMENT.

STEPS leading to the formation of the 48th Highlanders
must, naturally, occupy an important place in this
brief sketch. The organization of such a regiment
a militia corps mainly composed of Scotsmen, wearing the Highland
dress, and having a band of pipers had been discussed occasionally
for some years prior to 1891, when the idea took definite form.
The existence of the 5th Royal Scots in Montreal was a constant
incentive to Toronto, and the visit of that corps to Toronto in 1884
stirred the desire for a like regiment there. In the Minutes of the
Toronto Gaelic Society for 1884, reference is made to a discussion
of the subject at a meeting of the society, when an enquiry was
ordered as to the cost of raising and equipping a Highland
regiment, but the subject does not appear to have been revived. A
few years later a proposal was made to form a uniformed corps in
connection with the Sons of Scotland Association, which, while it did not secure the
support necessary to carry it through, was the real stepping-stone to the larger
movement resulting in the formation of the 48th Highlanders.

Early in 1891 the question was taken up by Captain Wilbur Henderson and
Alexander Eraser, and a meeting of Scotchmen was called by circular, and
invitation to the various Scottish societies in Toronto, to convene at Temperance
Hall, the meeting place of Burns Camp, Sons of Scotland, Toronto. The
announcement of the meeting was well received by the Scottish societies, and the
attendance was fairly representative of the Scottish community. Sixteen of those
present agreed to sign a provisional roll, the first to sign his name being Mr. James
Henderson ; thus the nucleus of the regiment was formed. Mr. D. M. Robertson,
Barrister, acted as secretary of the meeting, keeping a record of the proceedings,
and Captain Henderson was asked to take charge of the informal enrolment of the
men. Some time having passed without further action, the Gaelic Society moved in

the matter, instructing its officers to co-operate with Messrs. Robertson, Henderson,
and Eraser. Accordingly, a meeting of the officers was held on 3ist May, 1891, at
Ardchronie, the residence of Mr. William Innes MacKenzie, president of the
society, and it was there agreed to invite representatives of the St. Andrews, the
Caledonian, and the Sons of Scotland Societies to meet representatives of the Gaelic
Society at Oakville, Ont., on the 2/th June, the occasion of the annual excursion of
the latter society, there to devise means for the furtherance of the movement. The
meeting at Oakville took place, but the attendance being small, Mr. Alexander
Eraser, the secretary of the Gaelic Societv, was instructed to call another meetino-

* J o

at the Queen s Hotel, Toronto, on an early day. Three days later, on the 3Oth
June, this meeting was held, and at that meeting the movement was formally
launched.

A full abstract of the Minutes of the Meeting will be interesting :

" FIRST MEETING OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE.

" QUEEN S HOTEL, TORONTO,
" 3Oth June, 1891.

"Convened: In response to an invitation sent by the officers of the Gaelic Society
of Toronto to the officers of the St. Andrew s and Caledonian Societies, of Toronto,
and to the Grand Chief of the Sons of Scotland, the following gentlemen convened
at the Queen s Hotel, Toronto, on the above date, for the purpose of considering the
question of the formation of a Highland regiment (to wear the kilt) in Toronto,
viz : From

" The St. Andrew s Society, Dr. Daniel Clark, President ; Dr. James Thor-
burn, George Kennedy, LL.D., Secretary.

" The Caledonian Society, Messrs. Robert Swan, President, and William
Adamson, Secretary.

"The Gaelic Society, William Innes MacKenzie, President; John Cattanach
MacMillan, Donald M. Robertson, David Spence, and Alexander Fraser, Secretary.

"The Sons of Scotland Association, Mr. J. M. Wingfield, J.P., Grand Chief.

"There were also present, Messrs. Hugh Miller, J.P., Wilbur Henderson,
Kenneth Miller and George MacKenzie.

"On the motion of Mr. William Adamson, E&gt;r. Daniel Clark was appointed
chairman, and Mr. Alexander Fraser, secretary of the meeting.

" At the request of the chairman, Mr. Fraser explained the object of the
meeting and then moved :

That those present constitute themselves a standing committee, with power to
add to their number, for the purpose of bringing about the formation of a Highland
regiment in Toronto, the uniform of which would be after the pattern of a Highland
regiment in the British army ; that in furtherance of this object steps be taken to

obtain the consent of the Government ; and, as far as possible, to raise the money
necessary for preliminary and regimental purposes.

"This resolution was unanimously carried, and the chairman declared the
meeting to be then one of the Standing Committee on the Highland regiment, and
-asked that the officers of the committee be appointed.

" It was moved by Mr. Win. Aclamson, and seconded by Mr. Hugh Miller, J.P.,
that Dr. Daniel Clark be chairman of the Standing Committee. This was
unanimously agreed to.

" It was moved by Dr. George Kennedy, and seconded by Mr. David Spence,
that Mr. Alexander Fraser be secretary of the committee. Unanimously agreed to.

" On the motion of Mr. Alexander Fraser, it was decided to meet on call, to
consider what steps should be taken to obtain the consent of the Government ; and
in the interval, that members of committee should report to their respective societies,
asking their assistance in popularizing the movement with the citizens, and should in
other ways help it forward."

From this date the movement was pushed forward with great energy. Meet
ings were sometimes held daily but interest did not Hag, and in the brief period of
little more than one month, the Government s consent to the formation of the
regiment had been obtained. Not without much hard work, however. Immedi
ately after the organization of the Standing Committee had been announced
communications from military men and from citizens were received warning the
promoters against proceeding on account of the large expenditures and the heavy
responsibilities the project would involve. These warning notes were useful in
leading the committee to adopt larger measures, and to lay a broader basis for their
plans than they might otherwise have done ; but they had no discouraging effect,
nor did they shake the determination to bring the matter to a successful conclusion.
In preparing the estimates of the expenditure which the formation of the regiment
would entail the committee received valuable help from Lieut.-Colonel Hamilton,
.Queen s Own Rifles, and from Captains John Bruce and J. D. Hay, of the Royal
Grenadiers.

On the 3rd July, 1891, the question of who should be offered the command of
the regiment, provided it should be established, was for the first time considered.
The secretary was able to state that he believed Captain John Irvine Davidson
would be available, and it was unanimously agreed to offer the command to Captain
Davidson, whom failing, the same was to be offered to Mr. D. R. Wilkie, Banker.
The committee appointed to wait on Captain Davidson in this matter consisted of
Messrs. D. M. Robertson, Alexander Fraser and Dr. Kennedy. Captain Henderson
was, at the same meeting, requested to call a meeting of the men who had been pro
visionally enrolled, to whom Capt. Davidson s name would be submitted for approval.
The committee reported at a meeting held on the 6th July that Capt. Davidson
had accepted of the command, and the secretary was able to report at the same

THE LATE LnuTKNANT-CoLOtntL A. M. COSBY.
COMMANDED 48 HIGHLANDERS FROM 1898 TO 1900.

meeting promises of liberal financial support from many leading Scotsmen of whom
the following, among others, having been the first to come forward, deserve to be
placed high on the roll of honour, viz.: Hon. Sir D. L. Macpherson, K.C. M.G., Paul
Campbell, Hon. Senator John Macdonald, Hon. Senator Allan, Mr. D. R. Wilkie,
Mr. Frederick Wyld, Mr. John Kay, Mr. W. H. Beatty, Mr. Wm. Christie, Mr.
Robert J affray, Mr. Donald McKay, Mr. J. K. Macdonald, Mr. J. L. Morrison,
Mr. Robert Swan, Mr. Wm. Mortimer Clark, Mr. Charles Walker, and Dr. Andrew
Smith.

At this time the chief difficulty appeared to be to secure the consent of the
Canadian Government to the proposal. The first deputation to the Government
consisted of Messrs. D. M. Robertson and Alexander Fraser. On the roth July
they reported the result of their visit to Ottawa. The Government refused to
sanction the formation of a new regiment on the ground of expense, and because
they had refused that year to add to the strength of the militia in the provinces of
Quebec and British Columbia. The Government consented to receive another
deputation but would hold out no hope of success. The Senators and Members of
Parliament who actively assisted Messrs. Robertson and Fraser in their interview
were Senator G. W. Allan, Toronto; Senator Donald Macmillan, Alexandria;
Lieut.-Colonel Roderick R. MacLennan, Glengarry ; Hugh John Macdonald,
Winnipeg ; Arthur W. Ross, Lisgar ; Lieut.-Colonel Tyrwhitt, Simcoe ; D Alton
McCarthy, Simcoe; G. H. Macdonell, Algoma ; Hon. G. A. Kirkpatrick, Kingston;
and Geo. Monteriff, Petrolia ; Senator Mclnnes, British Columbia ; and Dr. Bergin,
M.P., Cornwall. Shortly after the first interview the Minister of Militia wrote stating
that the Government had not altered its view that a Highland regiment should not be
formed in Toronto, and in consenting to receive a deputation a second time, it must
be clearly understood that such consent was not to be taken as an encouragement to
persist in the movement. Doggedly the Standing Committee set about to overcome
the Government s objections. The city council of Toronto was approached and
passed a resolution in favour of the movement, and a deputation consisting of Messrs.
D M. Robertson, Alexander Fraser, and Frederick Wyld, visited Ottawa, on the
24th of July, to forward the cause. At Ottawa they were joined by Mayor Clarke
and Alderman Saunders, Toronto, who strongly urged the Government to yield to the
wishes of the Toronto Scots. At this interview Hon. Geo. E. Foster, the Minister
of Finance, manifested a deep interest in the proposed regiment, and stated that with
the consent of his colleagues he would remove the financial difficulty, whereupon the
other ministers present consented to sanction the formation of a Highland regiment
in Toronto, and Sir Adolphe Caron, Minister of Militia, at once gave formal
notification of this decision. The news was received in Toronto with great
rejoicing, and satisfaction was felt in the Scottish settlements throughout the
Province of Ontario, for the plucky fight made at Ottawa had attracted the attention
of the press and of the country.

The work of the Standing Committee now began in earnest, for the undertaking
to which they had pledged themselves was one of no small magnitude. Further
details, however, need scarcely be narrated here. The subscriptions to the
Regimental Fund were on a princely scale in many instances, and in many more
they were the small donations of patriotic enthusiasts. On the 6th August, 1891,
the Standing Committee was reorganized to stand as follows :

The Presidents and Secretaries of the Scottish Societies in Toronto, viz.:

St. Andrew s Society, Dr. Daniel Clark and Dr. George Kennedy ; Caledonian
Society, Messrs. Robert Swan and William Adamson ; Gaelic Society, Messrs.
William Innes MacKenzie and Alexander Fraser ; Sons of Scotland, Messrs. J. M.
Wingfield and William Banks; Caithness Society, Alderman Geo. MacLean Rose;
Orkney and Shetland Society, Mr. Wm. Houston, M.A.; and

Messrs. Frederick Wyld, A. M. Cosby, D. M. Robertson, A. M. Smith, John I.
Davidson, D. R. Wilkie, Thos. McCracken, Hugh Miller, Robert Barron, James
Massie, J. K. Macdonald, Dr. Thorburn, John A. Currie, Dr. W. Theophilus
Stuart, Paul Campbell, George MacKenzie and J. Wilson Gray.

From this general committee sub-committees were apppointed, viz :

Regimental Committee, to decide upon the name of the regiment, the uniforms
to be worn, etc., consisting of Capt. John I. Davidson, Frederick Wyld, Dr.
Kennedy, D. M. Robertson, George MacKenzie, J. A. Currie and Alexander Fraser,
with Mr. Frederick Wyld as chairman.

Committee on Finance, to arrange the details of collecting the necessary funds,
consisting of Messrs. Frederick Wyld, A. M. Cosby, Thos. McCracken, Paul
Campbell, J. A. Currie, Dr. W. T. Stuart, D. M. Robertson, Dr. Kennedy, Wm.
Adamson and Alexander Fraser, of which also Mr. \Vvld was chairman.

The first meeting of the Regimental Committee was held on the nth of
August, 1891, at which some important business was transacted. It was decided,
on the suggestion of Captain John I. Davidson, the commanding officer, designate,
that the name of the regiment be "The Queen s Highlanders," should permission be
obtained. Mr. Fraser submitted patterns of the following clan tartans from which to
choose one for the new regiment : Cameron, Gordon, MacKenzie, Davidson, Mac
donald, and Hunting Stuart, with a recommendation in favour of the Old Davidson
tartan in honour of the first C.O. of the regiment. Dr. Kennedy moved, seconded
by Mr. John A. Currie, that the Old Davidson tartan be adopted as the tartan of the
regiment, and this was unanimously agreed to. On the motion of Mr. Fraser the
motto " Dileas gu brath " was chosen, also a falcon s head, erased, as the regimental
crest.

Correspondence was opened with the Militia Department, Ottawa, with respect
to the number by which the regiment should be known, and the number of one of the
Highland regiments of the British army was suggested, but that suggestion could
not be acted upon, and there being a vacancy in the number 48, that number was

given to the regiment with the word "Highlanders" to designate it, the name
" Queen s Highlanders" not being considered available by the Department.

Amonor the first donations to the funds was one of five hundred dollars from

the Caledonian Society of Toronto, and the equivalent in money of seven stands of
pipes from the Gaelic Society of Toronto.

The regiment was gazetted on the i6th October, 1891, and Captain Davidson s
appointment as Lieut. -Colonel was gazetted (provisionally) on the 2Oth November,
1891. The general committee, however, continued in existence till the 28th of
March, 1892, giving special attention to the finances of the organization. A number
of the officers having then been selected, the Committee was dissolved, a few of the
more active members acting with the officers for a short time longer in financial
matters.

During the early part of the Fall the men were regularly drilled by Captain
Henderson, who in the latter part of October gave place to Captain J. C. Mac-
dougall, of the Royal School of Infantry, the latter having been appointed to act as
interim adjutant by the Major-General commanding the militia.

The General Order embodying the corps read as follows :

MILITIA GENERAL ORDERS.

HEADQUARTERS, OTTAWA, i6th October, 1891.

General Orders 19.

No. 4. Increase of Establishment of Active Militia.

Authority having been granted for the raising in the City of Toronto of eight
companies of Active Militia of the strength of 42 non-commissioned officers and
men per company, to be formed into a battalion wearing the HIGHLAND DRESS the
Deputy Adjutant-General of Military District No. 2 will submit service rolls of
those persons volunteering for service in those companies.

By Command,

WALKER POWELL, Colonel,

Adjutant-General of Militia, Canada.

Acting on this order, the men were sworn in by Lieut.-Colonel Otter, D.A.G.,
in St. Andrew s Hall, Toronto, on the 22nd of October, 1891, when 152 men
signed the roll and were taken on the strength of the regiment. The oath of
service was taken on a Gaelic Bible furnished by the writer, which he values as a
memento of an interesting and historic ceremony. The regiment having been thus
formed, took up quarters in the vacated buildings of Upper Canada College, King-
Street west, where, until the occupancy of the new Armories in 1894, it found a
convenient and a comfortable home.

Following are the names of the men who joined the regiment in 1891-2 and
were on its first pay roll in the summer of 1892. The Regimental numbers indicate
priority of enlistment. :

"A" Company No. i Private J. R. Graham, 2 J. W. Grant, 3 R. W.
Emslie, 4 R. McNeill, 5 N. D. Shaw, 6 Jas. Barrie, 7 Duncan MacKinnon, 8
Piper Robert Drummond, 9 Private A. G. Robertson, 10 Geo. Simpson, 11 J. D.
Henderson, 12 G. A. Harris, 13 E. T. Wilson, 14 J. A. Milne, 15 W. Lamont,
1 6 J. Blackball, 17 A. Henderson, 18 A. McEachern, 19 F. Anderson, 20 J.
Tait, 21 J. Lawrence, 22 J. Davidson, 23 D. McEachern, 24 \Y. H. Stewart,
25 W. Manson, 26 J. Graham, 190 G. Barlass, 202 William Harp, 205 S. F.
Carmichael, 206 John C. Hill, 207 John Shand, 209 W. Mclntosh, 211 Geo.
L. Bailey, 215 E. T. Adams, 218 James Coutts, 219 Geo. Docter, 234 R. . Brown,
241 R. J. Henderson, 244 Bugler Chas. Macdonald, 245 Bugler E. F. Burnham,
257 Private D. Ross, 263 Private A. Mishaw, 264 D. McCutcheon, 265 \Y.
Penning, 266 W. Robertson, 267 John Caskie, 268 Jas. Barritt, 269 A. W. Mishaw,
270 D. Mathieson, 293 H. L. MacKay, 326 D. A. Burgess, 341 A. W. Mack, 342
E. J. Fawke, 343 H. M. Dixon, 344 John Robertson, 345 Geo. W. Lee, 346 D-
Graham.

" B " Company No. 27 Private E. Sutherland, 28 Victor Pattullo, 29 Jas.
Manson, 30 Wm. Milne, 31 Thos. S. Muir, 32 E. Cowper, 33 A. E. Bennett, 34
J. G. Macdonald, 35 Jas. McKay, 36 Jas. Florence, 37 David Scott, 38 A. Beattie,
39 A. M. Harper, 40 J. R. Fergusson, 41 John Langskill, 42 Hy. E. Beattie,
43 Donald Scott, 44 J. K. B. Turner, 45 Thos. Mills, 161 Piper Wm. Currie, 162
Private Wm. Brown, 163 R. E. Minister, 164 Jos. Crapper, 186 Wm. Bell, 213 D.
R. Hamblin, 214 Robert Ireland, 227 W. Florence, 231 John Hollinger, 246 Bugler
H. Illingworth, 258 Private A. Wilson, 259 W. H. Tovell, 314 J. Everett, 315 J.
W. Kirkness, 316 Jas. Tait.

" C " Company No. 46 Private George Stewart, 47 Harold Mitchener, 48 R.
G. Ewing, 49 Jas. Forbes, 50 David Adam, 51 \V. A. Pollock, 52 G. M. McBean,
53 Alex. Rose, 54 G. M. Rose, 55 Alex. Rose, 56 David Aitchison, 57 W. L.
Connell, 58 John McBain, 59 Robert Robertson, 60 Neil MacKinnon, 61 J. W.
Davidson, 62 J. R. Ross, 63 Geo. A. Cockburn, 64 George Robertson, 65 Robt.
Roger, 66 D. C. Petrie, 185 Andrew G. Ross, 187 R. J. McPherson, 188 Piper
Alexander McNaughton, 196 F. B. Linden, 197 Robert Somerville, 208 Frank
Ogilvie, 220 John Trenholm, 247 Bugler A. Munro, 251 Private W. Charlton, 253
J. C. Tisdale, 254 Geo. Garlic, 279 John McLean, 280 John O Brien, 281 K.
Mclver, 317 H. Sheppard, 318 J. Young, 319 Thos. Allen, 320 Hy. Kerr, 321 Geo.
Booth, 328 Geo. Reid.

" D " Company No. 67 Private Angus MacKay, 68 H. J. C. Smith, 69 G. B.
Hunter, 70 Jas. Gordon, 71 Daniel Sinclair, 72 John Ogilvie, 73 Jas. Spears, 74
Jas. A. Glendinning, 75 Geo. Webster, 76 Jas. Ogilvie, 77 Alex. Ogilvie, 78 Alfred

Mackie, 153 A. Murdock, 154 Peter Smith, 155 R. B. Cromarty, 156 M. P. Mac-
Kay, 165 W. Gilroy, 166 D. Alexander, 167 Wm. Fidge, 168 R. J. Barthwick, 169
Jas. Miller, .70 John Edwards, 171 Jas. Cook, 172 E. Martin, 173 Jas. Cameron,
174 Alex. Fiddes, 191 T. Drummond, 193 J- W. King, ,99 Thos. Bennett, 200
John Reid, 203 T. Faulkner, 222 Frank Aitken, 248 Bugler J. Chambers, 260
Private W. Wilson, 271 George Fraser, 272 Robert Fraser, 273 Gordon Smith, 274
W. Robinson, 276 J. Eddie, 277 W. Gordon, 278 W. Watts, 295 S. H. Dye, 324
A. Lindsay, 325 T. Sanford.

" E " Company No. 79 Private G. T. Kyle, 80 David Rae, 81 Jas. D. Legg,
82 David Legg, 83 W. C. Laing, 84 Wm. Bruce, 85 D. W. Smith, 86 Donald
Morrison, 87 Wm. Davidson, 88 James Rae, 89 James Craig, 90 R. Henderson, 91
J. Birnie, 92 T. Couloquoy, 93 Alex. McTavish, 94 Wm. Craig, 95 R. MacLennan,
96 Jas. Headridge, 97 D. S. Johnson, 175 Angus MacLeod, 176 Wm. Grant, 228
Jas. F. Macdonald, 233 Piper John Sharp, 235 Private R. W. Crouch, 249 Bugler J.
Fiddes, 261 Private D. Marshall, 306 J. M. Ewing, 307 H. McKay, 308 George
Mowatt, 309 Wm. Barlow, 310 L. Hoskins. 311 J. N. Jeffrey, 312 J. A. Macpher-
son, 313 E. A. Lowr.des, 323 F. W. Duncan.

" F " Company No. 98 Private J. C. MacLellan, 99 J. Templeman, 100 G. W.

Murray, 101 Alexander Cameron, 102 J. C. Hackland, 103 John Smeal, 104 C.

Home, 105 Andrew Fraser, 106 Arch. Stewart, 107 A. L. Trueman, 108 D. W.

Batchelor, 109 G. Humphrey, no W. A. Munro, in John MacKenzie, 157 Wm.

Richardson, 158 Jos. Little, 159 Wm. J. Hamilton, 160 A. C. Munro, 177 A. G.

Mac Lean. 178 A. Robb, 189 R. Macdonald, 204 John Richardson, 221 Thos.

Douglas, 225 D. McConnell, 229 Jas. L. Anderson, 242 A. Kennedy, 243 D. A.

Macdonald, 250 Bugler W. Brown, 262 Private (Amb.) J. A. Wilson, 294 Piper

Fred. Riddell, 296 Private W. F. Jamieson, 297 G. Graham, 298 J. Adam, 299

las. Clunas, 300 Edward Major, 301 F. D. Cockburn, 302 W. B. Reid, 303 W.

Wilson, 304 M. Gordon, 305 Ransbury.

" G " Company No. 112 Private John Fraser, [13 A. C. Milne, i 14 J. W.

Mathieson, 115 J. Macdonald, 116 A. Florence, 117 Chas. Low, 118 Piper George

Murray. 119 Private T. F. Andrew, 120 Donald McArthur, 121 D. Woods, it

McRae. 123 R. MacLeod, 124 W. B. S. Coutts, 125 M. McBain, 126 W.

Oldritrht, 127 M. T. Stewart, 128 Jas. Munro, 129 W. Sutherland, 130 W. A.

Graham, 131 D. Sutherland, 132 G. Stewart, 192 G. McKelvie, 195 M. McRae, 201

James Porter, 252 Bugler W. Oldbury, 256 Private Hy. Libbey, 275 Bugler

Timpson, 322 James Hamilton, 329 J. Alexander, 330 W. Hall, 331 G. Marlborough,

347 H. Murphy, 348 D. Turner.

" H " Company No. 133 Private Chas. MacKenzie, 134 Jos. W. Bruce, 135
Ben. Cameron, 136 Jos. Thompson, 137 George Thompson, 138 W. L. Smelhe, 139

\Vm. Roy, 140 H. G. Brown, 141 Thos. Guthrie, 142 Geo. Patterson, 143 Geo. G.

Taylor, 144 John Dandie, 145 J- C. Stamm, 146 Hugh Rose, 147 T. H. Smellie,

148 John A. Nelson, 149 John G. Martin, 150 Adam Graham, 151 William
Clerihue, 179 John Mclntosh, 180 Magnus Sinclair, 18 1 C. H. Forster, 182
Wm. Stewart, 183 John Moore, 184 Edward Grant, 198 James Shaw, 210 F.
G. Mitchell, 216 Arthur McEvoy, 217 Andrew G. Fraser, 223 Lauchlan
MacNeil, 224 Chas. Johnston, 226 A. Berrill, 230 John MacLean, 232 Thomas
Reynolds, 236 Thos. Cavanagh, 237 \V. J. Bartram, 238 A. Smith, 239 H. McKay,
240 Chas. Cowie, 253 Wm. Johnston, 282 John Macdonald, 283 Fred. Yeomans,
284 H. Sutherland, 285 G. C. Brown, 286 Jas. Ross, 287 I). J. MacKay. 288 D. J.
Proctor, 289 Geo. Allan, 290 G. F. Robinson, 291 I), H. MacDougall, 292 W.
Hood, 350 A. Fawcett.

Bugle Band No. 327 Private Jas. D. Thompson, 333 Bugler E. Robertson,
334 W. L. Smellie, 335 T. E. Cooper, 336 Alex. Anderson, 337 J. H. Matheson,
338 F". Barnett, 339 H. H. Evans, 340 W. McKim. Ambulance No. 332 Private
J. D. McGill.

All of these men, up to No. 152, were sworn in at St. Andrew s Hall, by Lieut.-
Colonel Otter, on the 22nd October, 1891. From 152 to 350, the men came in
gradually until discontinuance of battalion parade on 27th May, 1892, when the first
strength of the regiment was returned.

CHAPTER II.

THE REGIMENT ORGANIZED.

the spring of 1892 the regiment had emerged from its chrysalis,
and had the appearance of a completed organization. The
uniforms had been by this time received modelled on that of
the Gordon Highlanders, and manufactured in Inverness, Scotland.
The strength of the battalion had reached about 350, and much
hard work had been put on drill. The first officers were :

STAFF.

Lieut.-Colonel Commanding, John Irvine Davidson.

Majors, Alfred Morgan Cosby, William Campbell Macdonald.

Surgeon, William Theophilus Stuart, M.D.

Assistant Surgeon, Alexander Anthony Dame, M.D.

Chaplain, the Reverend Daniel James Macdonnell, B.D.
Adjutants (Acting), Captain C. J. MacDougall, R.S.I. ; Captain Walter
Macdonald.

Quarter-Master, James Adams.

COMPANY OFFICERS.

Captains : Donald Murdoch Robertson, Dugald MacGillivray, Wilbur Hender
son (Captain and Bt.-Major), William Hendrie, jr., John Allister Currie, Charles
Albert Hunter, John Forbes Michie, Richard Scougall Cassels.

Lieutenants : George MacLean Rose, Duncan Donald, Donald Hector
MacLean, William House Orchard, John Frederick Ramsay, Charles Alfred
Campbell, John ^Eneas Thompson, Hugh Cameron MacLean.

LIEUT.-COLONEL DAVIDSON.

John Irvine Davidson was born on the i?th November, 1854, at Wartle,
Aberdeenshire. His father was Dr. Samuel Davidson, of Wartle. He was educated
at Aberdeen, and as a young man began his business career in London, England.
Coming to Canada shortly afterwards he rose rapidly in business, and besides
becoming the head of the firm of Davidson & Hay, merchants, he soon occupied

other important business and public positions. He was president of the Board
of Trade 1890-91, was vice president of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, is
president of the St. Paul s Mining Company, and a director of several commer
cial and financial institutions. His military career has been varied and uniformly
successful. It began by a service of two and one-half years as a private in
the 7th Aberdeenshire Volunteers. He next served as a private for one and
one-half years in the London Scottish ; one year in the Uxbridge yeomanry,
and six years as lieutenant and captain in the loth Royal Grenadiers. He holds a
R.S.I, first-class certificate, and was formally confirmed in the command of the 48th
Highlanders on the 25th March, 1892. Xo happier choice could have been made.
His experience, his great capacity for work, his knowledge of human nature,
his judicious management, are qualities he possesses more than ordinarily, and from
which the organization of the regiment had every advantage. When he retired
from the command in 1898 he was made honorary Lieut.-Colonel of the regiment.

LIEUT.-COLONEL COSBY.

Alfred Morgan Cosby was Canadian born He was the eldest son of John
Cosby, of Pelham, County Welland, Ontario, and was born on the iith September,
1838. He was educated in Toronto, and entered the service of the Bank
of Toronto in 1861. He was promoted to be manager of the branch of that
bank at Port Hope, and in 1876 became managing director of the London and
Ontario Investment Company, Toronto, a position he held until the year of his
death (1900). He was one of the chartered directors of the Gooderham & Worts
Company in 1882. He was a public-spirited citizen and among the institutions to
whose success he contributed were the Upper Canada College, of which he was a
trustee ; the Toronto Conservatory of Music, of which he was honourary treasurer.
He was also president of the Toronto Cricket Club, of the Canadian Cricket
Association, and of the St. Andrew s Society of Toronto. His connection with the
organization of the 48th Highlanders began early in August, 1891, and he joined
the regiment on its formation in the fall of that year as senior major. He had no
previous military experience, but obtained a first-class R.S.I, certificate after his
appointment. In everything connected with the regiment he took a leading part.
On the retirement of Lieut.-Colonel Davidson, he succeeded to the command on
March i6th, 1898, and held office until his lamented death on the I2th May, 1900.
During his command the regiment maintained its high state of efficiency, and its
high place in public favour, and few memories will cling longer to those early days
than the appearance of the gallant Colonel and his two sons, one a captain and the
other a lieutenant in the same corps, as they came and went on parade.

LIEUT.-COLONEL MACDONALD.

COMMANDING THE 48x11 HIGHLANDERS.

William Campbell Macdonald conies of good Highland stock, and has inherited
in no small degree the leading traits of the clans whose names he combines in his
own the splendid supremacy of the Macdonalds " dhaindeoin co theireadh e,"
and the undying tenacity of the Campbells. His grandfather was Daniel
Macdonald, a native of Caithness-shire, who was engaged in business in Edinburgh,
where his son Benjamin, Colonel Macdonald s father, was born. He came to
Canada with his family and settled in the township of Chinguacousy. Benjamin
Macdonald married Dorothy Campbell, and to them among others was born William
Campbell Macdonald. He has for many years occupied the important position of
Actuary to the Confederation Life Association of Toronto.

Lieut-Colonel Macdonald enlisted in the Queen s Own Rifles in March, 1878;
2nd Lieutenant, March 1881; Lieutenant, November, 1881; Captain, February,
1884. He served during the North- West Rebellion of 1885 as Captain of No. 3
Service Co., Queen s Own Rifles; was appointed Adjutant of the Regiment in 1886,
and continued to serve in that capacity, holding the rank of Captain, until trans
ferred to the 48th Highlanders as Major upon the organization of the regiment,
February, 1892, and was gazetted Lieut.-Colonel Commanding the regiment June 8th,
1900. He has always taken an active interest in Militia affairs, particularly in matters
pertaining to the encouragement of rifle shooting, and for many years has been a
regular attendant at the rifle matches of the Ontario and Dominion Rifle Associa
tions. He has been for years a member of the Council and also of the Executive
Committee of the Dominion Rifle Association. Also a member of the Council and
Chairman of the Executive and Finance Committees of the Ontario Rifle Associa
tion. He was a member of the Bisley Team in 1896, and served as Adjutant of
the Team in 1892. Since the organization of the Highlanders he has been Chairman
of the Regimental Rifle Committee and Captain of the Rifle Teams. He has
served on various occasions on the Staff of the District Camps of Instruction at
Niagara in the several capacities of Instructor in Musketry, Brigade Major, and
Chief Staff Officer, and was acting in the latter capacity at the Divisional Camp at
Niagara this year when gazetted to the command of the regiment. He is a vice-
president of the Canadian Military Institute. He holds first-class Royal School of
Infantry and Equitation Certificates.

Surgeon-Major Stuart, is the son of the Rev. James Stuart, Presbyterian
minister at Markham at the time of Dr. Stuart s birth. He was educated at
Brantforcl and Upper Canada College, and is a graduate of Trinity Medical College
and Toronto University. He holds the position of Professor of General and Prac
tical Chemistry in Trinity Medical College, and of Anatomy and Chemistry at the
Royal College of Dental Surgeons, Toronto. He holds certificates from the old

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W. C. MACDONALD.
COMMANDING 48 HIGHLANDERS.

Military School, under Col. Denison, and an R.S.I, certificate for Equitation. He
was a member of the committee of citizens who formed the Forty-Eighth, and joined
it as surgeon-major on its formation. He is an enthusiastic and progressive officer
of the regiment.

The Chaplains. The Rev. Daniel James Macdonnell, B.D., the beloved
minister of St. Andrew s Church, Toronto, and the first Chaplain of the 48th High
landers, was the son of the Rev. George Macdonnell, and was born at Bathurst, New-
Brunswick. He was minister at Peterborough, Ont., before coming to St. Andrew s,
in which he spent the remainder of his life. His patriotism and interest in military
service had long been established, and in accepting the chaplaincy he brought strength
to the regiment at a time when his help was most needed and opportune. He
associated himself closely with the regiment, and not only when church parade
necessitated his special services, but on every convenient occasion did his deep
interest in the welfare of the corps show itself. His death, in February, 1896, left a
blank which was not filled until the appointment in the fall of 1899 of Dr. Black.

Rev. Dr. Armstrong Black was his successor in the pastorate of St. Andrew s,
Toronto, as well as in the chaplaincy of the regiment. Dr. Black is a Scottish
Border man, born at New Castleton, Liddesdale. Though but recently settled in
Canada, he has entered with a true soldier s readiness and spirit on the duties of
his office, winning the esteem of officers and men, and exercising an influence
which makes for a high conception of the citizen soldier s duty.

Major Robertson. Major Donald Murdoch Robertson, was one of the band of
Scotchmen who witnessed the birth of the movement which resulted in the formation
of the 48th Highlanders. When officers were selected he was appointed senior
captain, provisionally, on February i9th, 1892, with confirmation on February 29th,
1892. He qualified in the Royal School of Infantry, Toronto, with 2nd class and
ist class certificates, and a first for equitation. He was posted to "A" company,
and continued in that position, taking a lion s share of regimental committee
work, until his promotion to be junior major on 3151 March, 1898. In June, 1900,
he assumed the position of senior major on the promotion of Major Macdonald to the
command of the regiment. Major Robertson is a native of Glengarry, Ont, a
Scotsman of the Scots, and a devoted citizen soldier.

Major Henderson. Major Wilbur Henderson is of Canadian birth, of Scottish
parentage. He was born at the village of Brooklin, Ontario, Oct. 3rd, 1856. He
was educated at Brighton Grammar School and Upper Canada College. He joined
the 34th battalion as 2nd lieutenant on the 24th June, 1880, was captain in 1882, and
brevet-major March 3, 1892. He was one of the first to advocate the formation of
a Highland regiment in Toronto. He attended the very first meeting held in
connection with the movement, and since then until now he has been indefatigable in
the discharge of his duties. He joined the Forty-Eighth as captain of " H " company,

holding at that time a military school certificate. He attained brevet major s rank in
the militia by service, on March 3, 1892, and takes the place of junior major of the
Forty-Eighth in succession to Major Robertson

Major Orchard. Major William House Orchard is a native of Devizes,
Wiltshire. He served during 1866 and 1867 as a private in the 2nd Batt. Wiltshire
Regiment, and in 1868 and 1869 as a private in the 3rd or Prince of Wales Dragoon
Guards, Imperial Army. He was for two years in the Montreal Engineers, one year
as sergeant in the i6th Batt., about six years in the 4th Cavalry, Kingston, as
cornet and lieutenant ; and captain and brevet-major in the i6th Battalion Infantry.
He joined the Forty-Eighth May i3th, 1892, retiring from combative rank in 1898,
and rejoining as quarter-master and honorary major at the same time. He has
devoted great attention to the shooting practice of the regiment.

The first march-out of the regiment took place on the 2ist of April, 1892, from
Old Upper Canada College. Lieut.-Col. Davidson was in command, and the parade
mustered 250 officers and men. The regiment was formed into column of route, and
headed by the pipers, marched on King, York, Wellington and Church Streets,
returning to barracks by King Street. The steadiness of the marching was very
gratifying, and was favorably commented upon by the officers of the other city
regiments, who were spectators of the march, while the delight of the populace was
expressed in enthusiastic cheering which was indulged in at various points of the route.

On the Sunday following, April 24th, the regiment paraded for the first time for
church service. The day was one long to be remembered in Toronto. Public
enthusiasm rose to a high pitch. The day was fine, and more than 50,000 people
assembled in Queen s Park, where the regiment paraded, and along the line of march.
By the kind permission of the lieut.-colonels commanding the Queen s Own Rifles
and the Roval Grenadiers, the bands of these corps were in attendance, in addition
to the pipe band under Pipe-Major Robert Ireland. The following notes made by
the writer at the time are quoted in order to show the pride taken in the new regi
ment by the citizens and the unusual enthusiasm which their appearance in full
uniform evoked.

"As the regiment wheeled round into College Avenue, which was lined on both
sides with thousands of spectators, the crowd in the park closed behind them, while
at all intersecting streets carriages of every description took up a stand, and it ap
peared as if every available vehicle in the city was being utilized by sightseers. In
spite of the excitement attendant upon the occasion the regiment, which numbered
over 300 officers and men, made a very creditable appearance. A large proportion
of the men were much above the medium height, A Company, especially, being
composed of stalwart Scotchmen. The same can be said with almost equal justness
of the other seven companies which form the battalion. When the pipers struck up

the historic Bha mi air banais a m baile lonaragha, the men overlooking the point
conveyed in the time, lengthened step and strode proudly along, while the crowds
expressed their admiration." The service was held in St. Andrew s church. Rev. D. J.
Macdonnell, chaplain of the regiment, preached from the text, Joshua i., 9: "Have
not I commanded thee ? Be strong and of good courage; be not afraid, neither be
thou dismayed, for the Lord thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest." The
opening words of the address were: "You have come to the house of God to join for
the first time as a regiment in the worship of God, to seek His blessing and to listen
to His word. Your thoughts have been unavoidably occupied a good deal with the
externals that belong to a church parade. Let me ask you to forget these things for
a little and to open your hearts to the influences that come from the unseen, while I

OFFICERS OF 48 HIGHLANDERS. MAY 24x11, 1900.

seek to utter the message contained in this portion of God s word. I speak to you
as one of yourselves, and desiring to be thoroughly identified with you in your work,
and to be of such service to you as I may as a minister of Jesus Christ, which, I take
it, is the duty of a chaplain of a regiment. What does your coming here to-day
mean ? It means that you acknowledge God as your God, and the God of your
country. It means that you desire that His blessing may rest upon you as volunteers
in whatever duty may be assigned you. It means that you believe that God cares for
this land, that He has to do with the defence of Canada against whatever enemies
that may threaten it, and that in serving your country you are doing the will of God."

Lieut.-Colonel Davidson was in command. The staff officers were Majors
Cosby and Macdonald ; Captain Macdougall, Acting Adjutant ; Surgeons, \V. T.
Stuart and A. A. Dame ; and Captain Walter Macdonald. The companies were
under the commands of Captains D. M. Robertson, Dugald MacGillivray, John
Allister Currie, J. Forbes Michie, R. S. Cassels, \V. Hendrie, C. A. Hunter, Wilbur
Henderson ; Lieutenants D. H. MacLean, Geo. M. Rose, and Duncan Donald.

The first annual meeting of the officers was held on the i3th of May, under
very bright and promising auspices. To some of the officers the experience was
new, this being the first meeting of the kind they had ever attended, but to all the
welfare of the regiment was supreme and the future had no looming cloud on its
horizon. The committees struck and their chairman were : Rifle Committee, Major
Macdonald; Band Committee, Major Cosby; Mess Committee, Captain Hendrie;
Regimental Committee, Captain Robertson.

Queen s Birthday, 1892, was an eventful day in the history of the young
regiment. It has been usual on the 24th May for the Toronto regiments to make a
trip to some neighbouring city or town and spend the day in a pleasant outing and
military demonstration there. But the first anniversary of the Queen s birthday
since its organization was spent differently by the Forty- Eighth. They remained at
home and had the honour of receiving the gift of the Queen s and regimental
colours from the ladies of Toronto, at the hands of His Excellency Lord Stanley of
Preston, the Governor-General of Canada. The ceremony was most impressive,
and was witnessed by a vast concourse of citizens and people from neighbouring
towns who visited Toronto in order to be present on so interesting an occasion. The
Thirteenth Battalion, of Hamilton, was present to take part in the proceedings. It
was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. J. M. Gibson, and the regiment paraded
427 strong, a neighbourly act by which was commenced a friendship between these
battalions which has been delightful and interesting to both.

The morning of the 24th dawned brightly and the streets were alive with
people at an early hour. The Thirteenth Battalion arrived by steamer at about
half-past eight o clock, and, forming on the Esplanade, marched by King Street to
Simcoe Street to meet the 48th Highlanders. Lieut.-Colonel Gibson was supported
by the following officers: Major McLaren, Adjutant J. Stuart, Quarter-Master J. J.
Mason, Surgeon Griffin, Assistant Surgeon Rennie, Chaplain Forneret, and the
company officers. The staff officers of the Forty-Eighth in attendance were :
Lieut.-Colonel Davidson, Major Cosby, Major Macdonald, Captain-Adjutants
Macdougall and Macdonald, Surgeons Stuart and Dame, Quarter- Master Adams,
and Chaplain the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell. Column of route was formed, and the
battalion marched out. The Thirteenth received the Forty-Eighth for the first time
as comrades-in-arms with the band playing a selection of Highland music, and each
company of the Forty-Eighth as it passed the Thirteenth saluted "the colours by
coming to the shoulder. When the Highlanders had passed, the Thirteenth took up

the line of march, the pipers, the buglers and the brass bandsmen playing in succes
sion. The pipers began with the regimental march of the Black Watch, " The
Garb of Aulcl Gaul." The ceremonies of the day were held on the old cricket
grounds, behind the Toronto University buildings, and there an immense crowd was
assembled, including, within the special enclosures, the members of the Citizens
Committee which organized the regiment, a number of contributors to the regi
mental funds and many representative citizens, not only of Toronto but of the
Dominion, among them being Sir David and Lady Macpherson, the Hon. Geo. A.
Kirkpatrick, M. P., and Mrs. Kirkpatrick, Lieut.-Colonel Fred Denison, M.P.,
C. M.G., Lieut.-Colonel Grasett, Mr. Frederick Wyld, chairman of the promoters of
the regiment, Mr. Thomas McCracken, treasurer, Mr. Alexander Fraser, secretary,
and Mrs. Fraser, Mr. Robert Swan, Mr. Wm. Adamson, Mr. W. I. Mackenzie, Mr.
David Spence, Miss Spence and Miss Beaton, Mr. I). R. Wilkie, Mr. Geo. A. Cox,
Lieut.-Colonel G. T. Denison, Dr. \Vylie, M.P.P., Rev. J. G. Stuart, Mrs. (Dr.)
Stuart, Miss Gibson, Alderman Lindsey, Mr. Chas. Holland, Dr. Daniel Clark,
James Massie, Sir Wm. P. Howland, W. D. Matthews, Mr. George MacKenzie,
Wm. Campbell, Mrs. Campbell, Bard Evan MacColl, Ian MacKenzie, Hamilton.

The Governor-General s party consisted of His Excellency, Lord Stanley of
Preston, Major St. Aubyn, Lord Kilcoursie, and Captain Walsh.

The Thirteenth and the Forty-Eighth were brigaded under the command of
Lieut.-Colonel Otter, D.A.G., with Major Buchan as Brigade-Major, and Captain
Hendrie, of the Hamilton Field Battery, as Orderly Officer.

After the general salute, the Governor-General and Staff inspected the
regiments thoroughly, making a complete round of the ranks. Then the High
landers were formed up in three sides of a square for the ceremony of presenting the
colours. The drums were piled in front of the regiment and the colours uncased.
The colour party consisted of Lieutenants D. H. McLean and Duncan Donald,
Colour-Sergeant Simpson, "C" Company, and Colour-Sergeant Alexander Rose, of
"A" Company. Majors Cosby and Macdonald took post on the right and left
respectively.

The ceremony was begun by the dedicatory prayer offered by Rev. D. J. Mac-
donnell, chaplain of the regiment. It was as follows: -"Eternal, immortal, invisible
God, we worship Thy great name. Thine, O Lord, is the dominion and the power
and the glory, and the victory and the majesty, for all that is in heaven and earth is
Thine. Thine is the Kingdom, O Lord, and Thou art exalted high above us. Lord
of the nations, we bless Thee for the goodly land which Thou hast given us, and for
the blessings which have come to us as a heritage from our fathers. We bless Thee
for the preservation of our gracious Sovereign the Queen to her faithful subjects this
day. We commend her and them to Thy providence, beseeching Thee that the
remaining years of her life may be filled with prosperity. We pray for Thy blessing
on the Royal Family, anJ upon all who bear royal command under our Queen and

over us. We commend to Thee Thy servants the Governor-General, the Lieutennnt-
Governor, and all judges and magistrates throughout the land. We pray for Thy
blessing upon the whole body of the people. May we learn that the true greatness
and majesty of a nation is in loyalty to Thee and those in authority under Thee.
Our own arm cannot save us, but Thine arm and the light of Thy countenance.
We would go forward to our duty in Thy strength. Trusting in Thy guidance we
would be strong and of good courage. In the name of our God will we set up our
banners. Grant, we beseech Thee, O Gocl, that these colours which we dedicate to
Thee to be used in the service of this land, may never be unfurled in an unrighteous
cause, but ever and only in the cause of right and freedom and the weal of our
country. Grant that if Thy servants are called to fight in defence of their country

48 HIGHLANDERS ON PARADE AT ARMOURIES, MAY 24, 1900.

that they may ever do so as good soldiers of Jesus Christ, seeking to maintain
consciences void of offence toward Thee and toward man. Give peace in our time,
O Lord, the peace that is based upon righteousness. Hasten the time when the
Prince of Peace shall reign over all the earth, when men shall be bound together in
a brotherhood of all nations, and when wars shall cease unto the ends of the earth.
Hear us in these our prayers."

Major Cosby, on behalf of the ladies of Toronto who donated the colours, placed
the Queen s colour in the Governor-General s hands, and he in turn handed it to
Lieutenant McLean. Major Macdonald handed the regimental colour to Mrs. Henry
Keble Merritt, who was present as the representative of the lady donors of the

colours, and she gave it to the Governor General, who handed it over to Lieu
tenant Donald.

The Governor-General, facing the regiment, then addressed them as follows:
"Colonel Davidson, officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the Forty-Eighth
Highlanders, It has been the custom from early times that every body of armed
men should carry with them some flag, eagle, or colour, which should represent at
once the authority under whom they are enrolled, and also to form a rallying point
either for attack or defence. Although modern warfare has lessened the use of
colours on the field, still they are not without a great value in encouraging that which
is best in the spirit of the regiment. These colours, presented by the ladies of
Toronto, I now commit to your charge as the representative of our Sovereign the
Queen. May they remind you of the loyalty which is due to her person and her
throne, a loyalty, which, I am sure, least of all will be forgotten on this day. And
may they also remind you of the duty which you owe to your regiment as loyal
soldiers and servants of the Crown. I trust that you may not have occasion to be
called out in active defence of your hearths and homes, but should it be so, remember
the inscription on these colours, the old motto of Scotland, Nemo me impune
lacessit, ( No one attacks me with impunity ) a motto, let me say, as fitting for a
citizen soldiery as is, at home, the motto of the British volunteers, "Defence and not
Defiance. But though you may not have the opportunity of displaying on active
service those qualities which make a good soldier, there are often in times of peace
occasions on which you can uphold the pride of your regiment and your determina
tion to be an example to those with whom you serve and to those who come after
you. Cheerful and unquestioning obedience to orders, devotion and loyalty to the
Crown and the country, a determination to do your best in all circumstances, these
are some, though by no means all, of the qualities which we sum up as the highest
praise in the one word, soldierlike. I trust that every one of you, when he looks on
these colours, will determine to uphold the honour of his regiment, and that you will
at no time forget those who have been kind enough to do you honour as the ladies
of Toronto have clone by presenting you with these colours this day. The
commencement of your regiment has shown a spirit of zeal and a power of organiza
tion which does you the highest credit, and I am sure, Colonel Davidson, that I am
only paying you your due in saying that it is greatly owing to your own care, as well
as that of your officers, that this fine regiment appears to-day on parade although its
formation was consummated only something like six months ago. You form a body
of men who, I am able to say, would bear comparison with many fine regiments in
Her Majesty s service. I trust you will always do your best to uphold the character
of your regiment, to honour all officers and one another, and to be true to the colours
which, in the Queen s name, I have now the honour to present to you."

In reply to his Excellency, Lieut-Colonel Davidson said : " My Lord and ladies
of Toronto, The regiment which I have the honour to represent must feel highly

flattered by the distinguished honour you have conferred upon them by presenting
these colours. I trust we shall bear out the motto Dileas Gu Brath, ( Faithful For
Ever, ) which we bear, towards you and Her Majesty the Queen, whom we are pleased
to serve."

At the conclusion of the ceremony the bagpipe band struck up " Highland
Laddie," for the march past. His Excellency receiving the salute. The Highlanders
then formed in line and saluted the colours. A march past by the brigade! and the
ceremony was at an end. The veteran officers present paid high tribute & to the stead
iness of the marching and the beauty of the movements of the new regiment.

In the orderly room, after the parade, a pleasant function took place, when
Captain J. C. MacDougall, of the Royal School of Infantry, who from the formation
of the regiment had acted as its adjutant and rendered valuable services to it, was
made the recipient of a gold watch, suitably inscribed, from Lieut.-Colonel Davidson,
and of a handsome gift from the officers on behalf of the regiment.

In the evening the officers of the Thirteenth and the Forty-Eighth were enter
tained at dinner by Lieut.-Colonel Davidson. Major Macdonald and Adjutant
Macdonald presided as president and vice-president of the officers mess.

In the course of embarking on the steamer for Hamilton that evening,
a private in the Thirteenth missed his footing and fell into the water of the bay at
Yonge Street wharf. He would have been drowned but for the gallantry of Corporal
Mills, of the Forty-Eighth, who, in uniform, plunged into the water and effected a
difficult rescue, winning thereby the Royal Humane Society s medal, which was pre
sented to him on the i6th of September succeeding.

On the i 5 th of June, 1892, the following District Memorandum was published
in orders :

" FROM His EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL.
To Major-General Herbert, C.B., commanding the Canadian Militia:

Sir, By direction of His Excellency the Governor-General, I have the honour
to convey to you the expression of His Excellency s approval of the arrangements
made for the inspection of the i 3 th and 4 8th Battalions at Toronto on the 2 & 4 th ult.,
which were well and ably carried out by Lieut.-Colonel Otter, D.A.G., who com
manded the parade.

His Excellency is pleased to be able to state his appreciation of the appearance
and bearing of all ranks of both battalions. He remarked the steadiness under arms
of the Thirteenth, especially after their early start from Hamilton and their trying
morning s work.

Having regard to the short time the 48th have been enrolled, he considered
there was evidence of great pains having been taken by all ranks to become efficient,
and that the result was most creditable to all concerned.

(Signed) J. ST. Auiivx, Major,

Military Secretary."
49

On the lothofjune, 1892, Captain Walter Macdonald appears in orders as
Acting Adjutant of the regiment, taking the place so well filled by Captain Mac-
dougall from the month of October of the previous year. On the 25th of August,
1892, Captain Macdonald was gazetted Adjutant of the regiment.

On the 1 3th of August, " C " Company, commanded by Captain Currie, obtained
permission to visit Collingwood. They were accompanied by a number of men from
" G " Company, under Captain Hunter. The officers and men received a most cor
dial welcome from the citizens of Collingwood, who entertained them in Camp from
Saturday until the following Monday.

The fall drill for 1892 opened on the 9th of September with a good attendance,
and the record is one of hard, steady work by all concerned during the season. The
approach of the cold weather is indicated by an order taking effect on the I4th of
October, that the regiment would parade in trews instead of in kilts as previously.
From the 2ist to the 28th of October, the Company inspection in connection with
the efficiency competition was held, and the results were very satisfactory to the reg
iment. On the 29th of the same month the Annual Rifle Match of the regiment
took place, at which an attractive programme and excellent shooting were combined,
giving a foretaste of the honours the regiment was to win in days to come.

On the loth of November, the Thanksgiving manoeuvres were arranged for, in
which the 48th was assigned an important part, but the inclemency of the weather
caused the sham fight to be called off.

The courtesies so generally extended to the regiment by the officers of the
Toronto Garrison were acknowledged by a smoking concert and supper, given by
the officers of the 48th to the garrison on the 8th of November, 1892. The invita
tion was accompanied by the following card :

" WT this ye ll ken ye re speired to crack and smoke
wi us, and eat a bit haggis on Tuesday nicht, Novem
ber, 8th, at half-past eight, at the Auld Upper Canada
College Buildins.

If ye canna come, clinna, bit let s ken."

The response was highly flattering, the senior officers of the garrison being
present, including Lieut-Colonel Otter, Lieut-Colonel Gray, Lieut.-Colonel G. T.
Denison, Lieut.-Colonel Dunn, Surgeon-Major Grasset, the commanding officers of
city corps, and seventy-five other officers. Representing the civilians, Mr. Frederick
Wykl, Chairman, and Mr. Alexander Fraser, Secretary of the Citizens Committee,

were guests.

The officers messroom had in the meantime been handsomely fitted up, Mrs.
Davidson contributing largely to the furnishing. The quarters were commodious

and comfortable, and pleasant recollections will always linger around the evenings
spent at the " Old Barracks " in the early days.

The closing function of 1892 was the presentation to Mr. Alexander Eraser of
a copy of a book, " The Costume of the Clans," by John Sobieski Stolberg Stuart
and Charles Edward Stuart, the reputed grandsons of Prince Charles Edward Stuart.
The inscription explains why the presentation was made:

" Presented to Alexander Eraser, Esq., M.A., by
the Officers of the 48th Highlanders, in appreciation of
his assistance in the formation of the regiment.

On behalf of the Officers,
(Signed) JOHN I. DAVIDSON, Lieut.-Colonel,

Commanding the 48th Highlanders."
Toronto, Dec. 23rd, 1892.

In making the presentation, Lieut.-Colonel Davidson referred to the part taken
by Mr. Eraser in the formation of the regiment. The officers, he said, had always
felt they ought to acknowledge his services in some appropriate way, and they had
decided it should take the form it had assumed, believing they had made a selection
congenial to Mr. Eraser s tastes as a Highland antiquarian. He hoped the gift
would be cherished as a precious heirloom, and that the bond between the recipient
and the regiment would not be terminated, by this acknowledgement, but strengthened
and renewed.

In the course of his reply, accepting the gift, Mr. Eraser stated that when the
authors of the book came to Scotland they were hospitably received by quite a num
ber of the Scottish nobility and gentry as the decendants of the exiled Stuarts. Lord
Lovat, the chief of the clan Eraser, built a mansion for them on " Eilean Aigais,"
an island romantically situated on the River Glass, within sight of his (the speaker s)
father s door. Here, amid surroundings perfectly familiar to him, the descendants of
Prince Charlie compiled the work which was now, through what happy thought he
knew not, presented to him.

CHAPTER III.

DRILL AND DISCIPLINE.

HE spring drill of 1893 was uneventful. The regiment upheld its
good name for efficiency, the ranks were well recruited by a
desirable class of young men, and the standard aimed at was placed
at a high mark. The record gives evidence of constant drilling
and of steady progress.

On the /th of April Captain Macdonald resigned the position
of Adjutant, reverting to the retired list of Captains, to the great
regret of the officers and men, who appreciated his abilities and his
complete devotion to duty. Major Macdonald filled his position
temporarily.

On the 24th of May (Queen s Birthday) a return visit was made
to Hamilton, the Thirteenth Battalion having visited the Forty-
Eighth at Toronto on the occasion of the presentation of colours on
the Queen s Birthday of the previous year. The regiment
entrained at 8 a.m. and reached Hamilton early in the forenoon,
under command of Eieut.-Colonel Davidso.i, with a full complement of officers. The
day was an ideal one for an outing, and on the arrival of the Highlanders at 10.40
a.m. thousands of citizens were at the railway station to give them a "Highland"
welcome. The Thirteenth Battalion escorted the visitors to the Drill Hall, where,
after a brief rest, preparation for a street parade to Dundurn Park began. The
parade started about half-past eleven and reached the park after less than half-an-
hour s march. The "feu-de-joie " was fired, and luncheon was then served to the
men on the grounds. The Thirteenth and Forty-Eighth formed a brigade under
Lieut.-Colonel Gibson, and marched past the saluting point amid the cheers of the
assembled crowd. The trooping of the colours followed ; also physical drill and
bayonet exercise. When the military part of the proceedings were over, some
members of the Forty-Eighth gave exhibitions of the Highland dances, which aroused
the enthusiasm of the spectators to a high pitch. The citizens entered heartily into
the spirit of the occasion, and entertained officers and men and other visitors most
hospitably. Among those noticeable upon the grounds enjoying the sights was the
venerable Sheriff Archibald MacKellar, the veteran Highlander, dressed in tartan,
trews and vest and wearing a cockaded Glengarry bonnet. Officers and members of
the Gaelic Society of Hamilton, and other Scottish societies of the city, also acted

as hosts, keeping- open house for the day. A band concert and fireworks were held
in the evening, after which, at 1 1 o clock, the regiment paraded to the railway depot
for their home journey.

In the Regimental Orders of the 26th May, 1893, the Commanding Officer
thus acknowledges the good work of the Regiment during this season :

" The Officer Commanding the Regiment desires to express to the officers, non
commissioned officers and men of the Battalion his appreciation of their strict
attention to duty, regularity in attendance at parade, and of the general interest
manifested by all ranks in the welfare of the Regiment during the past season s drill,
and furthermore, wishes to acknowledge the general good conduct and esprit de
corps of the Battalion during the trip to Hamilton on the Queen s Birthday."

At the annual meeting of the officers this year the thanks of the Regiment were
placed on record to Mrs. Henry Keble Merritt and the ladies of Toronto for present
ing the colours to the Regiment. Thanks were also tendered to I). Ritchie & Co.,
for the "Old Chum Tobacco" shooting trophy presented to the Regiment. These
were the standing committees for the year : Regimental, Captain Robertson, chair
man, Captains MacGillivray and Michie. Rifle Committee, Major Macdonalcl,
chairman, Major Wilbur Henderson, and Lieutenant). F. Ramsay. Band Committee,
Major Cosby, chairman, Captains Ca^sels and Currie. Mess Committee, Captain
Hendrie, chairman, Lieutenant D. H. McLean and Asst. -Surgeon Dame.

At a meeting held on the 2Qth June it was agreed to hold Scotch games, under
the auspices of the Regiment, on the igth August following, the general manage
ment of which would be undertaken by Chief Mackinnon, Hamilton. The event
passed off successfully. The conditions were favourable and the crowd of spectators
was very large. From a distance there came: Major R. R. MacLennan, M.P.,
Cornwall ; Captain A. F. Milliken, Cornwall ; G. M. Rose, Berlin ; Kenneth Robert
son, Montreal; Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, Milton; Kenneth Chisholm, ex-M.P.,
Brampton ; J. Murchison, Lucknow ; Lieutenant Weir, 37th Batt., Haldimand ;
Lieutenant Duncan, Hamilton Field Battery; Mr. William Hendrie, sr., Hamilton;
Mr. A. G. Graham, Chicago ; Mr. J. Ball Dow, Whitby ; J. Cameron, \Voodbridge ;
Wm. Campbell and A. Torrance, Markham ; Captain Tidswell, i3th Batt., Hamilton;
A. D. Braithwaite, Hamilton ; Dr. Jackson, New York ; Chief Garlow, Burlington ;
Sergt.-Major Williams, 36th Batt., Staff-Sergt. Mills, i3th Batt., Ian Mackenzie,
Hamilton. Among the Toronto citizens were: Lieut.-Governor and Mrs. Kirk-
patrick, Lieut -Colonel and Mrs. Davidson, Lieut.-Colonel and Mrs. Hamilton, Major
and Mrs. Cosby, Major and Mrs. W. Campbell Macdonald, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick
Wyld, Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Lee, Miss Lee, Mrs. and Miss Beatty, Mrs. R. Myles,
Mrs. and the Misses Taylor, Captain J. C. MacDougall, Captain Kirkpatrick, Surgeon
Pred W. Strange, Hon. Mr. Justice Ferguson, Lieut. Colonel and Mrs. G. T.
Denison, Mr. and Mrs. MacLean Howard, and Mr. and Mrs. MaeLean, of Penny-
cross, Mull, Scotland, who were visiting Canada at the time.

Durino- the afternoon the brass band of the Regiment under Bandmaster
Griffin furnished a programme of music.

The programme of games was excellently composed. The numbers included
athletic events, and contests for bag-pipe music, dancing, military events, and tug-of-
war, and was divided into two parts, the first part being for professionals and the
second part for amateurs. The professionals included some of the best athletes on
the continent, and their performance was of a high order. The tug-of-war was
between a team of the Royal Grenadiers and the Highlanders (who pulled in kilts),
and, after an exciting contest, the Highlanders won.

In the evening the Gaelic Society of Toronto evinced its interest in the day s
proceedings by entertaining a large number of the visitors to a Highland entertain
ment in Victoria Hall, where songs, dances, and music were indulged in, and on
adjournment a number of the judges and prize winners of the day was entertained to
supper at Webb s restaurant. Mr. John Cattanach MacMillan, president of the
society, occupied the chair, and Mr. Alexander Fraser, ist vice-president, acted as
croupier. A patriotic and appropriate toast list was honoured in true Highland

style.

In the regimental orders of the i3th September, 1893, Captain Dugald Mac-
Gillivray is appointed to be Acting Adjutant, Captain Duncan Donald taking over
the command of " B " Company, and on the 2 2nd of the same month authority is
given for the wearing of white shell jackets by sergeants.

On the 6th of October the strength of the various bands was : Brass Band,
Bandmaster Griffin and 32 bandsmen ; Bugle Band, Bugle-Major Robertson and 22
buglers ; Pipe Band, Pipe-Major Robert Ireland and i i pipers.

The battalion cross guns and crown, for the five highest scores in rifle practice
during the season, were won by Staff Sergeant Wm. Harp by a score of 320 points.
On the 1 3th of October Captain MacGillivray was gazetted Adjutant of the
regiment, and Captain Donald was confirmed in command of " B " Company.

On Thursday, the 23rd of November, the Thanksgiving Day manoeuvres took
place, and the Forty-Eighth was brigaded with the Thirteenth and the Royal
Grenadiers, forming the attacking force in the sham fight at Lambton Mills.

Based on the percentage of drills performed during 1893 and average attend
ances, the order of merit of the several companies was as follows :

" H " Co. 88 per cent.; average, 38^ Capt. and Bt.-Major Henderson.
" I) " Co. 70 33^ Capt. Michie.

-A" Co. 76 30}^ Capt. Robertson.

" B " Co. 64 33 X Capt. Donald.

" C " Co. 70 26^/2 Capt. Currie.

" F " Co. 74 25^ Capt. Hendrie.

" E " Co. 73 25^ Capt. Cassels.

"G" Co. -64 26 / s Capt. Hunter.

It is interesting to note the good standing of the various companies in the return
of comparative efficiency, 1893 :

"A" Co. (Capt. Robertson) 91
" B " Co. (Capt. Donald) So

" C " Co. (Capt. Currie) 89

"D" Co. (Capt. Michie) 86

"E " Co. (Capt. Cassels) 85^

"F" Co. (Capt. Hendrie) - 81^.

"G" Co. (Capt. Hunter) 92

"H" Co. (Capt. and Bt.-Major Henderson) 116

At the annual meeting for 1894, held on the igth of January, the review of the
work for the previous year was most gratifying. Substantial progress had been made
in every department of the regiment and the prospects were bright. The following
standing committee were elected for 1894. Regimental Committee, Captains Robert
son and Macgillivray and Lieutenant Orchard ; Band Committee, Major Cosby and
Captains Michie and Hunter ; Rifle Committee, Major Macdonald, Capt. and Bt.-
Major Henderson, and Lieutenant Ramsay ; Mess Committee, Captain Hendrie, Dr.
Dame and Lieutenant Mitchell.

Spring drill was taken up on March 3Oth, but hard work had been done with
recruits long before that date, in consequence of which the regiment made a good
showing from the first parade. The strength of the battalion was found to be in
creased, and the regiment settled down to the routine of drill, determined to do well on
inspection day. White shell jackets were worn for the first time on the 2Oth of April,
1894, by the company sergeants, the bugle sergeant and pioneer sergeant, in drill
order. On the 2;th of April, Lieutenant Orchard assumed command of " E" com
pany, vice Captain Cassels retired.

A call having been made upon the Toronto regiments for assistance to the

" Volunteer Monument Fund," for defraying the cost of the monument erected in

Queen s Park to the memory of the volunteers who fell in the North-West rebellion

the Forty-Eighth donated the collection made at Divine Service on the 3rd of

May, for that purpose.

The regiment was by this time so well-established that Scotchmen and the people
generally in outlying towns were very desirous to have a visit from it on the Queen s
Birthday holidays. This year many invitations had been received, and that from
Woodstock, the centre of Oxford County, was accepted. The regiment paraded at 7. i 5
a.m. on the 24th of May, entrained at the Union Station and proceeded to Wood
stock, where they were welcomed with the greatest enthusiasm by the military corps
and by the citizens. Proceeding to the park, manoeuvres were gone through, the
colour trooped, and afterwards various games were enjoyed. The Pipe Band was
the recipient of much praise from the people, many of them of Highland descent,
with the love for the music and traditions of the Highlands strong in them. A

thoroughly enjoyable day was spent, every form of entertainment being suitable to
the occasion, and the trip will be long green in the memory of the officers and men
who participated in it. The conduct of the men, as always, was above reproach.

At the conclusion of the spring drill season Lieut.-Col. Davidson issued this
order : " The officer commanding desires to express his high appreciation of the
faithful work done throughout by all ranks. He, also, refers, with much satisfaction
to the parade on the 24th May, and the excellent conduct of the members of the
regiment on that occasion."

Mr. Charles Allen Hugh Maclean s appointment as lieutenant dates from the
1 8th of May this year. His connection with the regiment being somewhat excep
tional, it may be briefly referred to. His father, Maclean of Pennycross, one of the
oldest cadet houses of the Clan Maclean, visited Canada in 1893, and was much
impressed with the excellent organization and efficiency of the 48th Highlanders.
The military traditions of his family coincided with a military career for his son, and
he decided that his preliminary training for the British Army should be through the
Forty-Eighth and the Canadian military schools. Accordingly, Mr. Charles
Maclean came to Canada, and joined the Forty-Eighth on November 3rd, 1893, as
second lieutenant provisionally. On February 2oth, 1894, his rank was confirmed,
on a ist Class R.S.I, certificate. He proceeded to the Royal Military College,
Kingston, and took a brilliant course, qualifying for a commission in the British
Army, and received an appointment to the 2nd battalion of the Argyle and Suther
land Highlanders, which regiment he joined in India.

The Annual Scottish Games, under the auspices of the regiment, were held on
the Rosedale grounds on the i5th September, 1894. The weather was unsettled,
and the cloudy sky of the forenoon was uninviting. Consequently the number of
spectators was considerably less than that of the previous year. But the programme
was quite as interesting and enjoyable. Many prominent Scotchmen from places
outside of Toronto were present, as on the previous occasion, and from the city there
was a fair representation. Major Macclonald was director of the proceedings, and
was assisted in the Highland events dress, dancing and bagpipe competitions by
Mr. Alexander Eraser, Toronto. A feature was a piobaireachd competition, in which
written essays on that music were handed in by the competitors, the prizes for which
were donated by the Gaelic Society of Toronto. While the financial success was
not such as to encourage a continuance of Highland sports by the regiment largely
because of the weather every one present could but feel that excellent sport had
been provided, and that the regiment did itself credit by the excellent manner in
which all the arrangements were carried out. Major Macdonald, Captains Robert
son, Hendrie and Michie were specially instrumental in carrying through the
arrangements for the day to a successful close.

The fall drill began early on the 3ist of August and continued without
interruption to the close of the season, on the 22ncl of November.

An interesting ceremony which intervened was the unveiling of the statue of
Sir John A. Macdonald on the I3th of October, at which a voluntary parade from
the Forty- Eighth was permitted. A guard of honour was furnished, consisting of
100 officers and men, with the Band. Capt. and Bt.-Major Henderson was in
command, with Lieut. C. A. H. Maclean and 2nd Lieut. Campbell and 2nd Lieut.
Rainsbath (regimental colour).

Capt. Hunter resigned his company on the 2nd November, 1894, and was
succeeded in command by Lieut. J. F. Ramsay.

That year a beautiful shooting trophy was presented to the regiment by the
Caledonian Society of Toronto, in the form of a Border Tup s head, heavily mounted
in silver, with snuff mull on top. The presentation was made by a deputation
consisting of Mr. William Simpson, president ; Capt. Robertson, vice-president ;
Robert Barron, George Vair, Wm. Campbell and Alexander Fraser, members of the
committee.

With the fall of 1894 the three year term for which non-commissioned officers
and men had enlisted in 1891 came to an end, and it must have been gratifying
to the officers and friends of the regiment that few of the original members, the
veterans, then retired. A "long service" badge was promised to those who would
re-enlist in the service of the regiment, and at the opening of the season of 1 895
the number of those who won the badge was large. Physical drill bulked largely
in the duties of the regiment during the spring of 1895, and the routine work was
uneventful but highly satisfactory.

The standing committees for the year 1895, were: Regimental: Major
Macdonald, Captain Michie, and Lieut. Scott ; Mess : Captain Donald, Dr. Dame,
and Lieutenant H. C. MacLean ; Rifle : Major Macdonald, Major Henderson, and
Lieutenant Mitchell ; Band Committee, Major Cosby, Capt. Robertson, and Lieut.
Hamilton. Captain Orchard was appointed Musketry Instructor for the year.

Quarters having been assigned to the regiment in the new Armories, the old Upper
Canada College buildings were abandoned. Steps were taken to furnish the officers
and the sergeants mess in the Armories, where since 1895 the regiment has had
its home, and where many pleasant gatherings of friends of the regiment have been
held.

The Queen s birthday, 1 895, was spent at Windsor, Ont. The invitation had been
most cordial, and although the journey was long and the visit extended, the parade
was a large one. This trip is probably the most notable made by the regiment on a
Queen s birthday outing. The journey was begun at nine o clock p.m., on the 23rd
of May, by train from the Union Station. Early next day the regiment detrained at
Windsor, marched from the railway to the camping ground, outside the city
boundary, and camp was at once formed. It took but a short time to get the tents
pitched and to serve breakfast. The daily routine of the camp was : 6 a.m.,
Reveille; 6.30 a.m., Guard Mounting; 8a.m., Breakfast; 8.40 a.m., Sick Parade;

9 a.m., Orderly Room ; 10 a.m., Forenoon Parade ; 12.30 p.m., Dinner ; 1.45 p.m.,
Afternoon Parade; 5 p.m., Tea; 6.30 p.m., Guard Mounting; 7.3Opm., Retreat;
10.30 p.m., Tattoo, First Post; n p.m., Last Post; 11.15 p.m. Lights Out. The
commanding officer impressed upon all ranks the necessity for the maintenance of
discipline and good behaviour, and the importance of upholding the reputation of the
regiment on and off parade. His wishes were most thoroughly respected ; and it is
stated to be the fact that there was no reported absence from camp without leave,
nor was there an instance of any breach of discipline. Camped as the regiment was
on the border of the United States, with the attractions of the city of Detroit so
near, there was some apprehension as to a mishap, but none occurred. The men

48TH HIGHLANDERS AT WALKKRVILLE. ONTARIO, 1895.

freely crossed the river to the American side, and they were most kindly received
by the citizens there. The St. Andrew s Society of Detroit not only sent a deputa
tion to Camp, to welcome the regiment, but kept their rooms and hall open all day
long for the use of any Highlander who might choose to "drop in " for rest or
refreshment, and in the evenings Scottish entertainments were improvised for the
benefit of the visitors. The officers were feted by clubs, societies and by individuals,
and on every side the hospitalities were unbounded. The camp continued on
Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, the regiment arriving home on Monday morning.
On Friday afternoon a review was held in which regiments from neighbouring
counties took part. 5&

The concourse of people who witnessed the manoeuvres was vast. Thousands
crossed from Detroit, and special trains ran from London and Chatham. People
travelled from points as far away as Kincardine, Lucknow, Stratford, and St.
Thomas, and from Scotch centres in the State of Michigan. It was a gala day,
and the evening was given over to public rejoicing. On Saturday the regiment
visited Walkerville, on the invitation of Mr. Hiram Walker, whose works and ware
houses were inspected. A photograph of the regiment was taken on the lawn in front
of the Company s offices. The officers and men were entertained at luncheon, and
the officers and a number of friends had a sail on the river in Mr. Walker s steam
yacht. On Sunday there was a parade for Divine Service, and in the evening camp
was struck and the regiment entrained for Toronto, concluding a trip, the pleasures
of which have been seldom equalled in connection with regimental holiday outings.

As an instance of the interest taken in the regiment, an incident may be related.
An old man from a city in Michigan was observed to follow the movements of the
men with the keenest attention keeping always well to the front. When an
opportunity presented itself he said to one of the staff-sergeants : " I have not seen
Highland soldiers for many a long year, and I have come far to see your regiment
The sight of the kilts, the sweet sound of the pipes and the sleeping memories which
they have awakened, have brought the tears I could not restrain from my eyes
to-day." Different, but equally characteristic, was an incident of the Woodstock
outing of the year before. An aged piper, who wore a humane society s medal on
his breast for bravery, was much in demand for bagpipe music, outside the lines.
The saying "Probair an aona phort" is a familiar one: here was a veritable instance.
Taking a breathing spell in a quiet corner, he was espied by a few cronies who insisted
that he should play to them another tune. " I ll do nothing of the kind ; do you
think that I can endure to play all day long ?" emphatically declared the son of Tubal.
"Just another tune, only one more," pleaded the Zorra boy in a coaxing tone
suggestive of the mellifluent Gaelic. "Well, well, then, you must have your way,"
said the vanquished piper, who, shouldering his pipes, played " A man s a man
for a that," with great vigour. "O well," said the man from Zorra, speaking half
apologetically to a non-com, who was standing by, " he is not what you would call a
bad piper, now ; but he has only that one tune whatever." But the piper played
with a piper s pride, unconscious of the sly criticism.

The regimental orders issued after the Windsor Camp contain the following
paragraph : " The officer commanding the regiment cannot allow this occasion to
pass without expressing in the most unqualified terms his appreciation of the conduct
of the members of the regiment during the Windsor Camp period. The discipline
and esprit de corps exhibited by all ranks merits the highest commendation."

On the 3oth of May, the 48th were called upon to furnish the guard of honour to
His Excellency the Earl of Aberdeen, Governor-General of Canada, on the occasion
of the laying of the foundation stone of the Foresters Temple, Toronto, erected by
the Independent Order of Foresters.

Piper MacSwayed succeeded Mr. Robert Ireland as Pipe-Major of the regiment.

Fall drill commenced on the 3Oth of August. The recruit classes were well
attended and the drill for the season elicited the commendation of the Inspecting
Officers. Towards the end of the season the commanding officer authorized the
wearing of a Long Service Badge by all non commissioned officers and men (Staff
Sergeants excepted) whose term of service had expired, and who had engaged for
a further term. The badge was of the following device : The Scottish Lion
Rampant, encircled by a tressure in reel on a shield of yellow i^/g inches broad ; to
be worn on the right arm, below the elbow, and immediately above the good
attendance badges.

The regimental best shot, winning the Gold Cross Guns and Crown this year,
was Lance Corporal H. Kerr, " C " Co.

The year 1 896 was begun by the appointment of the following Standing Com
mittees : Regimental : Major Macdonald, Captain Michie and Lieutenant Scott ;
Band : Major Cosby, Captain Robertson and Captain Hendrie ; Rifle : Major
Macdonald, Captain Orchard, and Lieutenant Mitchell ; Mess : Captain Donald,
Lieutenant Hamilton and Lieutenant Cosby. At the annual meeting of the officers,
Colonel Davidson suggested that shell jackets should be obtained for the regiment ;
also, that an entertainment be given to those who had patronized the regiment by
subscribing to the funds. A committee composed of Major Cosby, Captain Robertson
and Captain Michie, was appointed to raise funds for the shell jackets, with power, if
successful, to purchase them. The committee succeeded beyond their expectations,
many of the ladies of Toronto being among the subscribers, and the shell jackets
were thus purchased soon after, and the regiment paraded in them on the 8th of May
following.

On the 2;th of February, 1896, this tribute is met in Orders : " It is with regret
that the Commanding Officer draws attention to the loss the regiment has sustained
by the death of the Chaplain, the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell, who has been enthusiasti
cally identified with the regiment from its inception."

For the second time since its inception the regiment spent the Queen s birthday
at Hamilton, the guests of the Thirteenth Battalion. The regiment paraded nearly
450 strong on Saturday evening, the 23rd of May, 1896, and proceeded by train to
Hamilton, where, on arrival, they took up quarters inDundurnPark. They were quietly,
but cordially received by the officers of theThirteenth and a few representative citizens.
Camp was continued over Sunday and Monday. On Sunday a church parade took
place, the Thirteenth, the Hamilton Field Battery, and the Forty-Eighth taking part.
The brigade was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Gibson, the senior officer present,
and numbered about 877 officers and men. Thereafter, the day was quietly spent,
and the rest was greatly enjoyed. On Monday a great field day was held at the
grounds of the Jockey Club, the feature being a sham battle. The Seventh Fusiliers,
of London, theThirteenth, the Thirty-Eighth, Brantford, the Forty-Eighth, Toronto,

and the Hamilton Field Battery took part. The opposing brigades were : the at
tacking force, under Lieut. -Colonel Moore, consisting of the Seventh Fusiliers under
Major Beattie. the Thirteenth under Major McLaren, and two guns of the Field
Battery under Lieutenant Alexander Duncan; and the defence, under Lieut.-Colonel
Davidson, consisting of the P orty-Eighth, Thirty-Eighth, and two guns from the
Field Battery, commanded by Major Hendrie. The movements were well executed,
and the forces carried out the programme, which had been arranged in advance, with
oreat accuracy. After the sham fight, the Forty-Eighth trooped the colours, winning
the applause of the spectators. The evening was given over to a combined band
concert at Dundurn Park, but before its completion the rain began to fall in torrents
and the concert had to be stopped. This second visit was much enjoyed by the
officers and men, and the good-will and friendship
existing between the Forty- Eighth and the Thir
teenth ever since the formation of the former was
deepened and strengthened.

With the Queen s Own Rifles and the Royal
Grenadiers, the Forty-Eighth paraded on Saturday,
June 27th, for the unveiling of the monument to the
North-West volunteers, in Queen s Park, Toronto,
and the turnout was large.

Out of a total possible of 150 marks in the
comparative efficiency of the companies, on June ist,
1896, the regimental average was 99.84, the highest
being i 10. 10, made by " B " Company.

On the 28th of August, 1896, Captain Dugald
MacGillivray was gazetted Paymaster, with honorary
rank of Captain, and was succeeded in the Adjutancy
by Captain Duncan Donald, whose place was filled
by Lieutenant H. C. MacLean, promoted to be
Captain.

Orderly-Sergeant Alexander Rose was pro
moted on September 25th, 1896, to be Sergeant-Major, in the place of Alfred G.
Robertson, who had occupied that position since the organization of the battalion.

In the marching and firing competitions on the loth of October, 1896, the Forty-
Eighth won the Gascoigne cup, with a score of 93 out of a possible 160 points, the
next in order of merit being the Royal Grenadiers, with 85 points. This success, in
a hard competition, in which eight veteran regimental teams were engaged, brought
distinguished honour to the young regiment. Interest in the rifle practice rose to a
high pitch this Fall, and as one result a beautifully-mounted dirk was presented as a
trophy by John \Yanless & Son; the conditions of contesting for it was left to the
commanding officer, who decided that the dirk should be regimental property, and

ALFRF.D G. ROBERTSON.
FIRST SKRGT.-MAJOR OF THF. REGIMENT.

granted the privilege of wearing it, in lieu of that usually worn, to the officer com
manding the company obtaining the first place in the Regiment at the Annual
Inspection.

The regimental drill was concluded on the 26th of November, Thanksgiving
Day, by a practice in field manoeuvres.

The Standing Committees for 1897 were: Regimental: Major Macdonald,
Captain Michie, and 2nd Lieutenant Harbottle ; Band Committee : Major Cosby,
Captains Robertson and Hendrie ; Rifle Committee : Major Macdonald, Lieutenant
Mitchell, and 2nd Lieutenant McDougall ; Mess Committee, Captain Donald,
Lieutenant Brooke, and 2nd Lieutenants Burnside and Cosby.

In the spring of this year (1897) the Regiment was equipped with Lee-Enfield

rifles, and that arm was
used in the rifle practice
for the season.

An invitation from
the Thirty-Eighth Batt.,
backed up enthusiastically
by the citizens, to spend
Queen s Birthday at Brant-
ford was accepted. The
regiment paraded on
Saturday evening, the
2 2nd, at eight o clock, and
took train to Brantford,
and camp continued until
the evening of the Mon
day following. On arrival
at Brantford, officers of
the Thirty-Eighth were in
attendance to extend a
welcome and to escort the regiment to the camp prepared before-hand by Captain
H. C. Mac Lean and his advance contingent.

An event which will go down in the annals of the Forty-Eighth Highlanders is
the victory of the regimental team at the Islington Royal Military Tournament.
The tournament, which is a military function of the highest importance, took place
in June, 1897, and a team from the Forty-Eighth decided to cross the ocean to take
part. It was a bold venture, but Sergt. Williams and his men felt confident that they
would win honour for the Regiment. Great public interest was aroused by the event.
The citizens of Toronto, the City Council, and the Ontario Government subscribed
handsomely to the fund required to cover the expenses of the trip. 1 he ten
members of the team were : Sergt.-Instructor Williams, "H" Co., in command, Pte.

WINNERS OK THE GASCOIGNE CHALLENGE Ct i ,
FOR MARCHING AND FIRING, 1896.

z u

H X

i I
1-1 1

x o
&

r" 2
z

Rankin and Pte. McCheyne, "A" Co., Pte. Campbell and Pte. Rae, "E" Co., Pte.
Wallbridge and Pte. DeLisle, "G"Co., Pte. Stewart, Pte. I. McLean and Pte.
Wasson, " H " Co. The team was accompanied by Major Wilbur Henderson,
"H " Co. The contests were with bayonets, and though the Highlanders were in
excellent form, few Canadians expected the victory would have been so complete and
glorious. The Highlanders won in three contests.

First event : The Colonial Individual Competition. Here four men were put
against four men, and the Forty- Eighth men engaged were Williams, Wasson,
McLean and Stewart. Their opponents were Australian volunteers, who had a
number of teams represented. They were all beaten by the Forty-Eighth men, the
result being : Stewart won first prize, Wasson 2nd, Williams defaulting to Stewart
(his pupil) in the third round. The winner in the Colonial event had to fight off
ao-ainst the winner in the Regulars and in the Volunteers for the Championship of

&lt;3 O

the Empire.

Second event : The Regulars and the London Volunteers fought individually,
and their first prize men had to fight with the Colonial s first prize men in the first
contest. The first prize man of the Regulars was Col.-Sergt. Daniels, West York
shire Regiment, and of the London Volunteers, Pte. Hobbins, i2th Middlesex. With

them Stewart had to fight. They drew for places and Stewart got the bye, leaving
the first bout for the championship to be between Daniels and Hobbins. But Hob-
bins defaulted and Daniels and Stewart fought, Stewart winning the championship,
Third event : A special match contest between (i) mixed teams from the
London Regulars Brigaded Guards ist and 2nd Life Guards, Grenadier Guards,
Coldstream Guards and Scots Guards; (2) mixed teams from the different London
Volunteer Corps; (3) and the 48th Highlanders team. The London Volunteer
Corps team and that of the Brigaded Guards fought first. Corporal Fencing-
Instructor E. Elliott was in charge of the Regulars and Pte. Hobbins of the
Volunteers. The Regulars won by 5 to 4 points. The Regulars then fought the
48th Highlanders team, which was led by Sergt.-Instructor Williams, and the 48th
Highlanders defeated the Regulars by a score of 5 to 4 points, securing a hard won

victory.

Thus private George Stewart won the Championship, and Privates Rankin and
Wasson also did brilliant work, while Sergt. Williams discharged his duty most
creditably. Throughout military circles in Great Britain the success of the Canadian
team was hailed as a sign of the growing importance of the premier colony, and
coming as it did, almost at the same time as the* Queen s Jubilee celebration in
London, in which the Canadian contingent took a distinguished part, it obtained con
siderable public attention. Canada was proud of her Highland soldiers. In Toronto
the news of Stewart s splendid victory was extremely well received. A Citizen s
Reception Committee was formed, and on the arrival home of the team it was met
on the train some distance from the city by a deputation of citizens and escorted in

FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS OF THE 48 HIGHLANDERS.

1. LlEl T.-COLOSEI. \V. C. MACDONALO, COMMANDING.

2. MAJOR n. M. ROBERTSON. .-,. REV. ARMSTRONG BLACK, D.D., CHAPLAIN.

4. HON. MAJOR W. H. ORCHARD, QI-ARTERMASTER.
s . SI-RGF.ON-MAIOR \YII.UAM T. STI-ART. M.D. 6. CAPTAIN DI-NCAS DONALD, ADJUTANT.

7. Si RC.KON-I.IFrTKNANT IX KlM! SMITH, M.O.

triumph to Toronto. A military and civic parade was formed, and, amid the deafen
ing cheers of thousands, a procession took place to the Queen s Park where purses
of gold, gold medals, and copies of an illuminated address of welcome were presented
to the members of the team. To this reception men and women travelled from
Hamilton and other places near the city, and some of these visitors, the members of
the Citizens Committee and others were entertained at the Forty-Eighth Officers
Mess after the proceedings had been concluded. Among those who had the honour
of being invited were : His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, the Mayor
of Toronto, the members of the City Council, the contributors to the team fund, the

officers of Stanley Barracks, R.C.D. and
R. R. C. I., officers of the city corps,
members of the Citizens Committee,
Lieut.-Colonel R. R. MacLennan, M.P.
Lieut. -Colonel Moore, and a number of
officers from Hamilton, accompanied by
the famous band of the Thirteenth Batt.,
joined in the welcome.

On the 22nd of June, 1897, Canada,
in common with other parts of Her
Majesty s dominions, expressed its joy
on the occasion of the Queen s Diamond
Jubilee. Toronto did nobly ; and a
feature of the day s celebration was a
grand military display. The Forty-
Eighth bore a conspicuous part in the
proceedings, the street parade and in
the movements at the Exhibition
Grounds.

The regimental entertainment took
place on October 22iid, 1897, when an
immense success was attained.

In the marching and firing compe
tition this Fall (1897) the second team
of the Forty- E ighth took second place
with only four points below the winning team, and with a better score than last year
when they won first place.

The annual field manoeuvres took place on Thanksgiving Day, the 25th
of November, and in the work of the day the Forty-Eighth did their part
extremely well.

The spring of 1898 ushered in an event of more than usual importance to the
Forty-Eighth, viz., the retirement under the service limit of its first Commanding

PRIVATE GKO. STKWAKT.

WINNER OF THE INDIVIDCAL BAYONET CHAMPIONSHIP
OF THE BRITISH KMPIRE, 1897.

CAPTAINS OF THE 48TH HIGHLANDERS.

i. CAPT. AND BT.-MAJOR WILBTR HENDERSON. 2. CAPT. WILLIAM HENDRIE. 3.
4. CAPT. JOHN F. MICHIE. 5. CAPT. HUGH C. MAC-LEAN.
6. CAPT. JAMES H. MITCHELL. 7. CAPT. FRANK M. PERRY. 8. CAPT.

CAPT. JOHN A. CURRIE.
CHARLES A. CAMPBELL.

Officer, Lieut. -Colonel Davidson. His retirement and appointment in his place of
Major A. M. Cosby are dated the i6th of March. The Regimental Orders following
that date contain the following farewell from Lieut.-Colonel Davidson :

" Lieut.-Colonel Davidson, in retiring from the command of the 48th High
landers, desires to acknowledge the burden he is under to all those, both members of
the Regiment (especially to the Adjutant, Captain Donald) and otherwise, who since

the organization was authorized, have by
their united efforts and hearty co-opera
tion enabled him to accomplish the task
allotted to him by the military authori
ties, and without which his best efforts
must have been unavailing. The
officers, non-commissioned officers and
men who have by their untiring exer
tions, unwearied support, and uniform
adherence to duty and discipline aided
him in bringing the Regiment up to the
high state of efficiency which it now
occupies, would he have bear in mind
that only in strict attention to duty,
engendering that esprit dc corps so
essential, can there be success, and it
rests with them to see that the same
self-sacrificing devotion to the interests
of the Regiment which has existed
since the beginning is maintained and
strengthened.

" Lieut.-Colonel Davidson bespeaks
for his successor a continuance of the
implicit confidence and support which
has been extended to him ; and with
these few admonitions and acknowledg
ments he makes his farewell to the 48th
Highlanders with every expression of
gratitude for the past, well knowing they
will continue in the path which they
have carved out for themselves ; that
they will be loyal and true sons of Canada and of the majestic Empire of which we
form a part ; worthy of the time-honoured uniform they wear, and of their motto,
Dileas Gu Brath ."

The splendid condition in which Lieut.-Colonel Davidson handed over the
Forty-Eighth to his successor may be gathered from the following remarks by the

^68

SERGT.-INSTRUCTOK ALI-KKD \VU.I.IAMS.
U lNNKR OF THE BAVONKT CHAMPIONSHIP Ol INDIA.

LIEUTENANTS OF THE 48TH HIGHLANDERS.

i. LIEUT. NORMAN \V. COSBY. 2. LIEUT. HAROLD J. BROOKE. 3. LIEUT. JOHN T. M. Hi RNSIDE.

4. LIEUT. COLIN C. HARBOTTLE. 5. LIEUT. HUBERT V. HAMILTON.

6. LIEUT. CHARLES CATTO. 7. LIKUT. ARTHUR P. TAYLOR. 8. 2ND LIEUT. O. L. RRKFORD.

s l.y Mr. Lyo

Inspector of Infantry at the time: "Physique, excellent; drill, very good; clothing and
accoutrements, excellent ; arms, excellent ; books, excellent ; discipline, very good ;
general, a very efficient battalion, short in officers to the number of seven ; over-
strength in non-coms, and men ; an excellent band, with a very good bugle and
drum corps ; also efficient bearers and stretchers."

Lieut.-Colonel Davidson s connection with the Forty-Eighth has been retained
as Honorary Lieut.-Colonel.

Lieut.-Colonel Cosby, who now assumed command of the regiment, was, as has
been stated previously, an active promoter of the regiment and an officer from the
beginning. He took a deep interest in everything pertaining to its welfare, a course
he pursued during the tenure of his command. The vacancy in the Majority, caused
by Major Macclonald s promotion to be senior Major, was filled by the appointment
of Captain D. M. Robertson to be junior Major.

A regimental entertainment was held on the I5th of April, 1898, in the Grand
Opera House. At the Military Tournament held in the Armories same month, the
Forty-Eighth took a fair share of the honours.

The Queen s Birthday trip, this year, was to Gait, where a cordial welcome
awaited them. The mameuvres were the source of pleasure to a large number of
Scotsmen who travelled to see the Forty-Eighth from the surrounding counties.
Train for Toronto was taken in the evening of the same day, the outin&lt;&gt; beinf briefer

*-* J O O

than on any previous occasion.

The impetus caused by the success at Islington to physical drill and bayonet ex
ercise resulted in the formation of a large class, of which Sergt. Alf. Williams was at
the beginning of fall drill this year appointed Sergeant Instructor of Gymnastics.
It is to be noted that the state of the parade shows excellent attendance at drill and
at the rifle practices this fall. The Thanksgiving Day manoeuvres were held on the
24th of November, the Thirteenth battalion taking part with the Toronto regiments.
The Forty-Eighth was brigaded with the Queen s Own Rifles, under Lieut.-Colonel
Delamere, and acted their part very creditably in the field exercises of the clay.

The retirement of Lieut.-Colonel Davidson was marked by the presentation to
him of three valuable pieces of sterling silver plate in the form of loving cups, from
the officers, non-coms., and men. The engravings were of chaste and beautiful de
sign, the crest and motto of the Regiment being conspicuous. At the close of drill
parade the Regiment was drawn up, forming three sides of a square, and Lieut.-
Colonel Cosby made the presentation on behalf of the Highlanders, and alluded to the
personal popularity of Lieut.-Colonel Davidson, and to his indefatigable energy in
organizing and developing the Regiment. Honorary Lieut.-Colonel Davidson replied
in terms of deep feeling. Thereafter a reception was held in the officers mess, at
which, among others, the following were present : Lady Kirkpatrick, Mrs. Cosby,
Mrs. Davidson, Mrs. Macdonald, Mr. Wyld, and Dr. Daniel Clark.

In Regimental Orders the following letter appeared :

SECOND LIEUTENANTS OF THE 48 HIGHLANDERS.

i. R. H. M. TKMPI.K. 2. M. J. WOODBRIDGE. 3. C. \V. DARLING.

4. AI.KX. \V. .MACKENZIE. 5. O. E. McG.uv. 6. L. McR. SOMERVILLE.

" i ^th Nov., 1898.
My Dear Col. Cosby :

Would you kindly have conveyed to the officers, non-commissioned officers, and
men of the 48th Highlanders, my deep appreciation of their kind thoughtfulness in
presenting to me such a beautiful testimonial. I will ever cherish it in memory of six
happy years spent with the Regiment, and will hand it down to my family with pride.

Yours very truly,

JOHN I. DAVIDSON,

Hon. Lieut. -Colonel 48th Highlanders."

At the close of 1898, the condition of the Regiment was very gratifying. The
general officer commanding the Canadian militia had inspected them, and made this
flattering report : "General remarks 481)1 Highlanders; in excellent order. Re
marks: Physique, excel
lent; clothing and accout
rements, very good ; drill,
very good ; books, very
good order; arms, excel
lent; discipline, very
steady and quiet on
parade. General : a very
reliable and efficient bat
talion ; complete in
officers, and somewhat
over strength in men ;
very keen and enthusiastic
in all duties ; an excellent
band, with a very good
bugle corps, as well as
pipers ; efficient bearer
and pioneer corps."

The Standing Com
mittees for 1898 were:
Regimental, Captain and
Bt.-Major Henderson,

Captain Michie and Lieutenant Catto ; Band Committee, Major Cosby, Captain
Robertson and Captain Hendrie ; Rifle Committee, Major Macdonald, Captain
Mitchell and 2nd Lieutenant Harbottle ; Mess Committee, Captain Donald,
Lieutenant N. W. Cosby, and 2nd Lieutenant Taylor ; Athletic Committee, Major
Henderson, Lieutenant Perry and Lieutenant Brooks.

The annual meeting of the officers, held on the ;,rd of February, 1899, fore
shadowed an active spring in detail of regimental work. The various departments

WINNERS OF THE GZOWSKI CHALLENGE Crp AND THE BRITISH
CHALLENGE SHIELD.

The former presented by the late Sir Casimir Czowski, K.C.M.G.,
A.D.C. to the Queen, for skirmishing:, volley and independent firing ; and
the latter presented by the Auxiliary Forces of Great Britain to the Active
Militia of Canada, for volley firing-, at the D.R.A. Matches, Ottawa, 1899.

SOME CITIZENS WHO ASSISTED IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT.

K. F. CI.ARKK, Ksy., M.P.,
Mayor of Toronto, 1891.

DAMEI. CI.ARKK, Kso. , M.D.,

Chairman of Standing Committee.
FRKDKRKK \V\ i.n, Kso.,
Chairman Finaiuv Committee.

,KI SWAN, Kso.., THKI.AII I nos. Mi CUAI KKN, Kso.,

Caledonian SOL-H-I\. Tn a--uivr Citizens CoinmitU o.

of the Regiment were well reported upon, and arrangements made for prosecuting
the duties vigorously. The leading branches were placed under the following Stand
ing Committees : Regimental, Major Henderson, Captain Michie, and Lieutenant
Catto ; Band, Major Robertson, Captain Hendrie, Lieutenant McDougall ; Rifle,
Major Macdonald, Captain Michie, Lieutenant Harbottle ; Mess, Major Orchard,
2nd Lieutenant Woodbridge, Assistant-Surgeon Smith ; Athletic, Captain and Bt.-
Major Henderson, Lieutenant McDougall, 2nd Lieutenant Darling.

An event of interest in the history of this year was the encampment of the
battalion at Niagara during the 3Oth of June and the ist and 2nd of July. The
Regiment paraded at 5.45 a.m., on the 3Oth of June, in Review Order, and proceeded
to Niagara by steamer, returning therefrom on the evening of the 2nd of July.
During camp the duties devolving O n the Regiment were calculated to be a useful

experience, not as readily
gained by the usual drill,
and in the discharge of
these the Forty-Eighth
compared favourably with
the other regiments form
ing the brigade.

At the Dominion
Rifle Meeting, the Forty-
Eighth were well repre
sented, and its crack shots
succeeded in making a
brilliant showing, winning
the British Challenge
Shield, the Gzowski Cup,
and the Gillespie Chal
lenge Trophy ; a list to be
proud of, surely.

Thanksgiving Day,
1899, was observed fully a

month earlier than usual, the date falling on the igth of October. The sham fight
was participated in by the Queen s Own Rifles, the Royal Grenadiers, the Thirteenth
Battalion, the Forty-Eighth Highlanders, the ist Prince of Wales Fusiliers, Montreal,
the Royal Canadian Dragoons, and the gth Field Battery. Lieut. -Colonel Henry
McLaren commanded the attacking, and Lieut.-Colonel Delamere the defending
force. The manoeuvres exemplified quite a number of interesting tactics, and the
Forty-Eighth maintained its reputation for reliability.

On the 1 5th of October the battalion attended divine service in St. Andrew s
church, when the Rev. Dr. Armstrong Black preached for the first time as Chaplain

WINNERS OF THE GILLESPIE CHALLENGE CUP.

Presented by T. G. Gillespie, Esq., late Secretary of the Canada Club,

London, England, for team aggregate shooting, at the

D.R.A. Matches, 1899.

of the Regiment.

The interest aroused by the South African war was felt nowhere deeper than in
Toronto, ever loyal to the British crown and to its imperial interests. As a matter
of course, when permission was given to send a Canadian contingent to take part in
the war, the Forty-Eighth Highlanders responded with a will. Many applications
were made for places on the contingent, but the number being restricted, the following
only were taken :

" A " Company, Colour-Sergeant A. R. MacGregor, Corporal J. A. Smith,
Privates Whitehead, Weller, Mitchell and Macpherson.

B " Company, Private J. L). Spence.

" C " Company, Privates G. M. Smith and Hornibrook.

" D " Company, Privates A. C. McKenzie and McNish.

" E " Company, Sergeant W. H. Grant.

"G" Company, Color-Sergeant Lorsch, Privates Dunham and F. K. Blain.

" H " Company, Corporals Hopeson and Banton, and Ptes. Baldwin and Morley.

Captain J. F. Ramsay, who had held the rank of Lieutenant and Captain in the
Regiment, and had retired on leaving the limits, travelled from the Western States
to Toronto in time to offer his services as a private in the contingent, and to be
accepted. Captain F. L. Cosby and Lieutenant N. W. Cosby also went later, the
former as an officer in the Canadian Mounted Rifles, and the latter as a private in
the Canadian Field Artillery Corps. Lieutenant Temple went in connection with the
Company from London, Ontario.

This year, 1900, opened auspiciously. The Regiment was in excellent condition,
and the enthusiasm of all ranks boded well for the year. The committees struck on
the 2nd of February were : Regimental, Captain and Bt.- Major Henderson, Captain
Michie, Lieutenant Catto; Band, Major Robertson, Captain Hendrie, 2nd Lieutenant
Mackenzie; Rifle, Major Macdonald, Captain Mitchell, Lieutenant Harbottle; Mess,
Captain MacLean, Surgeon- Lieutenant Smith and 2nd Lieutenant Woodbridge;
Athletic, Captain Mitchell, Lieutenant Harbottle, 2nd Lieutenants Woodbridge and
Darling.

Early in the year, 1900, the Regiment was supplied with the " Oliver " equipment.
In regimental orders of the 2Oth of April reference is made to the fact that Private
Hornibrook, " C " Company, had been specially mentioned in the report of the
officer commanding the 2nd (Special Service) Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment,
at Paardeberg. Col. Otter in his report said: "Another incident of coolness and
pluck was that of No. 7347 Private Hornibrook, who, at daylight on the morning of
the i gth instant, was clown to the extreme right of the lines occupied by the enemy
the previous day. He was unarmed and came suddenly upon an armed Boer looking
for a stray horse. With great presence of mind, Hornibrook pretended to be armed
with a revolver and called upon imaginary assistance, at the same time demanding
the man s surrender. The Boer at once submitted, and on being "brought in proved
to be one of General Cronje s adjutants and a most important officer."

On the nth of May, Major Macdonald assumed the command of the Forty-
Eighth, owing to the illness of Lieut.-Colonel Cosby, and on the i 2th of that month
Lieut. -Colonel Cosby succumbed to that illness, at the comparatively young age of
62 years, to the deep regret of the officers and men and of the community by which
he was highly esteemed. The regimental tribute reads : " It is with regret that the
death is announced of Lieut. Colonel Cosby, the late commanding officer of the
Regiment, which took place on Saturday, the i2th inst. (May). Lieut.-Colonel
Cosby had been actively connected with the Regiment since its organization, and
took a deep interest in all matters pertaining to its welfare. As a mark of respect to
his memory, officers will wear the usual mourning badge for a period of thirty days."
The spring season closed by the Forty-Eighth taking part in a garrison parade on
the 24th of May, when it trooped the colours in honour of the Queen s Birthday, and
subsequently in the garrison parade and review. His Excellency, Lord Minto, the
Governor-General, was present, and, himself a veteran soldier, he expressed his
entire satisfaction with the excellent arrangements made for the celebration of Her
Majesty s birthday at Toronto, and his appreciation of the very smart appearance of
the troops on parade.

On the 7th of June, 1900, Major Macdonald was appointed Lieut.-Colonel of the
Forty-Eighth, and in his hands it is safe to say the honourable record set down in
these pages will be more than fully maintained.

CHAPTER IV.

WORK AT THE RIFLE RANGES.

HE Forty-Eighth pleads not the excuse of youth for
any shortcoming in efficiency. Nothing is more ob
vious than that a regiment makes progress towards a
hio-h standard of efficiency, with years. But the
Forty-Eighth aimed high at the beginning, the
motto might have been, " Begin as you would wish
to end." This has been the case in an especial
manner with respect to rifle shooting. From the out
set the desire to become crack shots was strong, and
year after year we find in the Annual Reports appeals
to greater devotion to the rifle. Consequently it
would not be surprising that good records should be
met with, but few indeed would be prepared for the
remarkable results obtained The year 1892 gave no very favorable opportunity for
rifle shooting. The question of the ranges was in an unsettled state, and but little
practice could be indulged in. It may be passed over without details.

But when we come to 1893, which may be taken as the first shooting year of
the Regiment, the record arrests attention. This year was the first year in which
the Lake Shore Ranges were used, and that fact may to some extent account for the
comparatively small attendance at the Saturday practices, which varied from forty to
fifty men. The shooting at these practices, however, showed up well, and hopes
were built on it which were well placed.

The Ontario Rifle Association Matches attracted a fair number of competitors
from the Forty-Eighth, who, in addition to a gratifying share of individual prizes,
won in these team competitions : Canada Company (Nursery) 3rd and 4th prizes ;
Tait-Brassey Match (Regimental teams of six) 3rd prize; Gzowski Match, prize in
skirmishing, prize in volley-firing. It will be admitted that this is an excellent
beginning, which drew attention to the Regiment as a new factor in the great rifle
matches of the country.

Five representatives of the Regiment attended the Dominion Rifle Association
Matches this year. No team victories came their way, but two members won places
in the Grand Aggregate, and were entitled to take part in the final competition for
the Bisley Team.

The Annual Rifle Match of the regiment was held on the afternoon of Saturday,
the 7th of October. The attendance reached 125. The arrangements were complete,
the weather fine, and the shooting excellent.

The Rifle Committee s Report includes a high tribute to Major Henderson, and
to the young but energetic Secretary of the Committee, Lieutenant (afterwards Cap
tain) Ramsay, whose attention to the work of the Committee merited all praise.

1894. In 1894 the Saturday practices were attended by an average of about
fifty men, not so large a number as was to be expected from the privileges and
encouragement afforded. Yet, the shooting was very good, and excellent results
modified the disappointment felt at the comparatively small attendance. There were
many keen shots in the Regiment, some of whom did not find it convenient to put in
much time at the ranges, yet whose marksmanship was far above the average. This

fact has to be taken into
account when consider
ing the attendance
column in the shooting
statistics. The High
lander naturally loves a
gun, and it is no indiffer
ence, but business con
siderations that prevent
the Highland volunteer
from practising rifle
shooting on every oppor
tunity that offers.

Two teams were
entered in the Martini
series of the Canadian
Military Rifle League ;
one team was also en
tered in the Snider series,
but was subsequently withdrawn, owing to the fact that there were not a sufficient
number of eligible men to fill the places in the team. In the ten-men team series, the
first team of the Forty-Eighth occupied iith place. In the twenty-men series, the
Forty- Eighth team occupied 8th place.

At the Ontario Rifle Association there were eighteen representatives of the
Regiment who fired throughout the competition, besides a number of others who
fired in several of the matches.

At the Dominion Rifle Association Matches, eleven men competed, a compar
atively large number. A fair number of individual prizes was secured by members
of the Regiment at both these competitions the Ontario and the Dominion. At the

WINNERS OF WALKER CUP, D.R.A. MATCHES, 1894.

former, Staff-Sergeant Wm. Harp and Major W. C. Macdonald secured places in
the grand aggregate, occupying respectively ist and 8th places. At the latter, the
Dominion, Sergeant Adam Graham was fortunate in securing a place in the grand
aggregate. In the team competitions the Regiment was very successful. In the
Skirmishing and Volley Firing competitions at the Ontario Rifle Association, 2nd
place was secured, and at the Dominion, the following record was made: ist place in
the Walker Match, which was open to battalion teams of six men, the number of
entries being very large ; 4th place in the Gzowski Military Match ; tied for 3rd place
in the British Challenge Shield Match. The capture of the ist prize in the Walker
Match was a victory for which the Regiment had every reason to feel proud. The
score made was, it was said, the highest on record made by any regimental team in
Canada, and it is doubtful if it had been excelled elsewhere under similar conditions.
It was 539 points, or an
average of 90 points per
man. Members of the
Regiment then at Ottawa
wore heartily congratu
lated, and the superb
shooting evoked much
popular praise.

The annual rifle
match of the Regiment
took place on the last
Saturday in September of
this year. The prize list
was long and tempting,
from the competitor s
point of view, the value
of the prizes offered
amounting to $1,500.
Two hundred and four
teen men attended, and the weather being fine, the day was not only profitably,
but enjoyably spent.

The Annual Report singles out "H" Company as specially worthy of commend
ation for its shooting during the season, and at the annual regimental match.

In this year Lieut. -Colonel Davidson was elected president of the Ontario Rifle
Association.

1895. The motto for this year s work at the butts was the axiom of Lord
Wolseley: " If a volunteer is to be worthy of his name, of the nation he serves, and
of the Queen s uniform, his first duty is to shoot well." On this the committee, of
which Major Macdonald was president, acted strenuously, and the reward of their
efforts was a gratifying record for the year.

WINNERS OF SKIRMISHING TEAM COMPETITION, 1894.

Beginning with the Canadian Military Ritle League, the Regiment entered two
teams. In the ten-men series they secured I2th and 37th places in a competition
with about seventy teams, a very good standing indeed, and an improvement on the
year previous.

In the Ontario Rifle Association Matches, seventeen fired throughout the com
petition. The individual winnings were thirty-six prizes, amounting to $189, and
including three firsts, viz.: the Gilmour, Gibson, and Macdonald Matches; and three
team prizes : second in the Canada Company, $25; fifth in the Walker, $10; third in
the Gzowski, $25 ; making the total winnings of the Regiment thirty-nine prizes, for
$249, as against twenty-four prizes, for $147, in 1894.

But the year 1895 is famous in the annals of the Regiment chiefly on account of
the magnificent shooting at the Dominion Ritle Association Matches. Sixteen com
petitors- represented the Regiment. There were but eleven in the year before. The
individual winnings were thirty-one prizes (including two firsts, viz. : the Hamilton
Powder and Grand Aggregate), amounting to $258.40. Team prizes : Minister of
Militia, third prize, $25 ; Lansdowne Aggregate, sixth prize, $18 ; British Challenge
Shield, sixth prize, $20; a total of thirty-four prizes, aggregating $321, as against
twenty-six prizes, aggregating- $208.72 in 1894. Not only the total but the average
winnings per man were greater than in 1894. Four members of the Regiment, viz.,
Staff-Sergeant \Ym. Harp, Major Macdonald, Private McYittie, and Sergeant Mill-
igan secured places in the hundred who were entitled to compete for Bisley, and two
representatives were eligible for the Bisley team, viz.: Staff-Sergeant Harp and Major
Macdonald, who occupied the first and the sixth place respectively. Special mention
should be made of Staff- Sergeant Harp s splendid shooting, inasmuch as the scoring
made by him had not been equalled in any similar competition of a similar nature in
Canada! He won the first prize in the Grand Aggregate, and occupied the first
place on the Bisley team. In recognition of the honour he brought to the Regiment,
and with which he crowned himself, the Caledonian Society and a few friends, led by
the president, Mr. Win. Simpson, an enthusiastic friend of the Regiment, and Mr.
David Walker, presented Mr. Harp with a valuable and beautifully inscribed gold
watch and chain, with a valuable pendant attached, on the occasion of the annual
dinner of the Society, in celebration of Hallowe en.

The Annual Regimental Match was held on Saturday, the 28th September.
The weather was fine, but not favourable to high scoring. About 200 competitors
entered. The amount offered in prizes, including challenge cups, was $1465, and the
shooting under the conditions existing was fairly creditable.

The services of Lieut. Mitchell, the Secretary-Treasurer of the Committee,
were most valuable during the year and call for special mention.

1896. - The increasing interest in rifle shooting is to be seen in the additional
facilities granted to the members of the Regiment this year, by a material reduction

on the railway fare of those attending the ranges. Sergeant Hollinger had charge
of the young shots, assisted by a non-commissioned officer detailed weekly, and this
arrangement proved satisfactory.

Three teams were entered in the Martini series of the Canadian Military Rifle
League. The standing of the twenty-men team and the thirty-men team was higher
than that of former years, and evidenced a very marked improvement in team and
individual marksmanship.

The individual winnings at the Ontario Rifle Association Matches were thirty-
nine prizes, amounting to $229.16 and gold medal. Team: First prize City of
Toronto Match. Ladies Challenge Cup and $30; fifth prize Gzowski Match, $15 ;
making the total winnings of the Regiment forty-one prizes, for $274.16, and gold
medal. The most valuable and important individual prize of the meeting, viz., the
first in the City of Toronto Match, gold medal and $50, was won by Corporal Kerr.

The individual win
nings at the Dominion
Rifle Association were
twenty-five prizes, am
ounting to $123.66 and
badge. The team prizes
won were : Gzowski
Match, first prize, chal
lenge cup and $50 ; Brit
ish Challenge Shield, fifth
prize, $22 ; a total of
twenty-seven prizes for
$195.66. Corporal Kerr,
Pte. Mishaw, and Staff-
Sergt. Harp secured
places in the Governor-
General s Hundred.
Corporal Kerr occupied
seventh place on the Bisley Team list for the year. Corporal Kerr, who
shows so well in these matches, received his entire training as a rifle shot while
serving in the ranks of the 48th Highlanders.

This shooting year was signalized by the institution of a new competition for
marching and firing. Eight teams were entered from the district, two of them from
the Forty- Eighth, whose first team, commanded bv Lieut. T. H. Mitchell and Colour-

, O j J

Sergt. D. W. Smith, had the honour of securing first place and winning for the first
time it was offered for competition the handsome Ch illenge Cup donated by Major-
General Gascoigne. A large sized photograph of the team was" presented by the
Regiment to each of its members in recognition of their victory.

WINNERS OF THE GZOWSKI CHALLENGE CUP, D.R.A. MATCHES, 1896.

The annual Regimental Match was held on September the 26th. About 200
entered into the competitions. The programme and the prize list were very inviting.
Showers fell during the early afternoon, but good shooting was made. The team
and principal individual prizes and marksmen s badges were formally presented on the
2oth of November at the Armouries, in the presence of a large number of friends of
the Regiment.

1897. The Lee-Enfield rifle was introduced this year. The reports show a
gratifying increase in the attendance at the weekly practices, and a marked improve
ment in the good shooting already attained to. In the class-firing the regimental
figure of merit was not only higher than formerly, but exceeded that of the other two
City corps.

Seven teams, two in the Martini and five in the Enfield series, were entered for
the Canadian Military Rifle League competition, and excellent shooting was made.

The individual winnings at the Ontario Rifle Association matches were fifty
prizes amounting to $228, one bronze and two silver medals, second team prize
Gzowski Match, $30; a total of fifty-one prizes; amounting to $258 and three medals,
an increase on the record of 1896.

The number of representatives at the Dominion Rifle Association matches was
only eleven, but the shooting was of the highest excellence. The individual
winnings were thirty-seven prizes, aggregating $436 and two badges ; fourth team
prize (Walker Match), $30 ; second in the Lansdowne Aggregate, $30 ; first in the
British Challenge Shield, the shield and $40. The score made in the British
Challenge Shield was the highest on record. Out of the eleven representatives,
seven Staff-Sergt. Graham, Pte. McVittie, Major Macdonald, Pte. McLaren, Pte.
Davidson, Corporal Kerr and Pte. Hutchinson obtained places in the Governor-
General s Hundred. In the Governor-General s Match Privates Davidson and
McVittie tied with Corporal Windatt, R.G., for the Governor-General s prize, and
in shooting off the tie they secured second and third places respectively. Private
McVittie secured sixth place on the BisleyTeam and Pte. Davidson first place on the
waiting list for same.

In the Marching and Firing Competition two teams entered. That commanded
by Lieut. Harbottle and Sergt. Frank Dewar won the second prize.

The annual Regimental Rifle Match was held on Saturday, the 25th of
September. The number of competitors was 225. The weather was good and the
match passed off very successfully.

In reporting upon the year s work the Rifle Committee states that the advance
ment in rifle shooting exceeds that of any former year.

1898. The year opens well at the ranges, the weekly practices being taken
advantage of very generally. The Canadian Military Rifle League attracted eight
teams from the regiment, seven of whom fired throughout. Thirteenth place was
secured by the ist team, a higher standing than in any former year.

At the Ontario Rifle Association matches the number of representatives of the
Regiment was larger than usual. Their winnings in individual prizes were 72, aggre
gating $322, a silver medal and cup, as against 50 prizes and $258 and three medals
in 1897. The team prizes won were: Third prize Canada Company Match, $20 ;
second prize Corporation of the City of Toronto Match, $25 ; fourth prize Tait-
Brassey Match, $30; and fourth prize Gzowski Match, $20; total $97. In the
individual competitions, the first prize in the grand aggregate, the most important
contest of the meeting, was won by Sergt. J. McVittie.

Fifteen representatives entered for the Dominion Rifle Association matches.
The total individual winnings were 29 prizes, amounting to $153, and four team
prizes, amounting to $65. Three members of the Regiment, viz., Staff-Sergt.
Graham, Corporal J. C. Smith (a young shot who made an excellent record at these
matches), and Corporal H. Kerr won places in the Governor-General s Hundred, and
Staff-Sergt. Graham won his place upon the Bisley Team for 1899.

In the Marching and Firing Competition No. i team, commanded by Lieut.
Harbottle, won third place, and No. 2 team, commanded by Lieut. Hamilton, won
fifth place.

The annual Regimental Rifle Match took place on Saturday, the 8th of October.
235 competitors were present, a larger number than on any former year. A good
prize list was offered, and, the weather being favourable, the match passed off very
satisfactorily.

Special measures were adopted this year to turn the rifle gallery at the Armories
to the best advantage, and the suggestion made that a company be detailed from
parade each night to devote the entire evening to practice firing, it being apparent
that better instruction in position and aiming drill could be imparted at the gallery
than at the ranges.

1899. This year was comparatively uneventful at the weekly practice and in
the Canadian Military Rifle League Competition, although excellent work was put up.

At the Ontario Rifle Association Matches there was an increased representation,
with seventy individual prizes, aggregating $284.90, and a bronze medal as winnings.
Five regimental team prizes, amounting to $156, were won, as compared with four
prizes and $95 for the previous year. "E" Company won first prize, $20 and the
Brassey Cup, in the competition for company teams in the Tait-Brassey Match.

Sixteen crack shots attended the Dominion Rifle Matches from the Regiment.
The winnings were 53 individual prizes, $299.10, and four team prizes, viz., $76 in
cash and the Gzowski and Gillespie Challenge Cups, and the British Challenge
Shield. The team prizes included first in the Gzowski Match, first in the British
Challenge Shield, and first in the Gillespie Challenge Cup Aggregate, and third
place (only four points behind the first team) for the Lansdowne Cup Aggregate.
Sergt. J. McVittie, Sergt. J. C. Smith, Pte. H. McLaren, and Corporal H. Kerr

secured places in the Grand Aggregate, and Sergts. McVittie and Smith were
entitled to represent the Regiment at Bisley in 1900.

This, it must be admitted, is a record to be proud of, proving, as it does, that in
the fluctuations to which a shooting record is so obviously liable, the Forty-Eighth
have held their own with the best marksmen in Canada for a period of years which
may be taken as long enough to be a valuable test.

The Annual Rifle Match, and the Marching and Firing Competition were well

patronized and the Regiment
showed up well in both events.

Cups and Trophies. Fol
lowing are the winnings for the
cups and trophies offered for
competition by the Regiment :

Ol-D CIIUMTOBACCOTROFHY,

donated by D. Ritchie & Co.,
Montreal, through Hon. Major
and Quartermaster W. H.
Orchard : 1892, won by "A" Co.;
1893, "H" Co.; 1894, "H" Co.;
1895, "H " Co. Finally won by
"H" Co.

TORONTO SILVER PLATE Co. s
TROPHY: 1893, won by "G"
Co.; 1894, "E" Co.; 1895, "E"
Co.; 1896, "A" Co. ; 1897, "G"
Co. ; 1898, " G" Co. Finally
won by " G " Co.

CREAN & ROWAN BANNER :

1893- won

by "H " Co.;

1894,

"H" Co.;

1895," C" Co.;

1896,

"A" Co.;

1897, "A" Co.;

1898,

" E " Co.

THE

LADIES CUP:

1893,

Co.; 1896,

C" Co.; 1897,

"G"

ALEXANDER FRASKR, M.A.,
REGIMENTAL HISTORIAN.

won by "B" Co.; i 894, " C " Co. ; 1895, " H
Co.; 1898, "G " Co.

CALEDONIAN SOCIETY TROPHY, Scotch Tup s Head, donated by the Caledonian
Society of Toronto : 1894, won by " H " Co. ; 1895, "A" Co. ; 1896, " H " Co. ;
1897, " E " Co. ; 1898, " H " Co. Finally won by " H " Co.

CANADIAN MILITARY RIELE LEAGUE CUP: From 1895 to 1898 inclusive, won
by Sergeants.

WALKER TROPHY : 1896, won by " H " Co. ; 1897, " E " Co. ; 1898, " E" Co.

CHAPTER V.

REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS.

THE FORTY-EIGHTH PIPERS.

NE of the necessary parts of a Highland regiment is a
pipe band. Tradition assigns a place to the piper at
Bannockburn, and even English Chaucer sang of the bag
pipe as an instrument of war. An efficient pipe-band is
the pride of every true commanding officer of Highlanders;
without one the very heart would be out of the thing. At
the very commencement of the Forty-Eighth the pipers
were there. When Captain Henderson drilled the men in
Bailey s Hall, Piper Charles Munro and Piper George
Murray were there to rouse the enthusiasm of the candi
dates for a place in the Regiment. On the formal
organization of the Regiment one of the first things done
was to secure for the pipe-majorship Mr. Robert Ireland,
reputed the best player on the continent. In a short time
the pipe-band became famous, and the blue-ribbon of the
profession in Ontario was a position in the Forty-Eighth pipe band.

When the band was fully organized by Pipe-Major Ireland, and during his
tenure of the position, the following gentlemen were members of the pipe-band :
Sergeant James Sutherland, Lance-Sergeant John Trenholm, Pipers Frank Aitken,
\Vm. Currie, E. D. Mclnnes, James R. Muir, George Murray, John Sullivan, John
Sutherland, S. C. Swanson, Blackhall, Malcolm McBain and John Sharpe, Drum-
Sero-eant George Kyle, Drummers Alexander Munro, Samuel McCracken, William

O ^ r

McCracken, and Daniel Wilson.

Pipe- Major Ireland joined the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders when quite a young
man, and began his military training as a piper in the band of that famous regiment.
On this continent his home had been chiefly in New York until he came to Toronto
to be Pipe-Major of the Forty- Eighth. He figured at all the important competitions
held under the auspices of the Scottish societies of Canada and the United States
for many years, and held several championships, among them being- the Champion
Cup of Canada, presented by the Caledonian Society of London, Ontario, and the
Champion Bagpipe Trophy of North America (won three times) presented by the

West Elgin Caledonian Society, Dutton, Ont. In the bagpipe contests held by the

North America United Caledonian Assn., of whose
committee he was long a member, he was a promi
nent, and generally the leading competitor. As a
composer of marches he occupies a flatteringly high
place. When Pipe-Major of the Forty-Eighth he
composed a march in honour of the Regiment, and
named it " Lieut-Colonel John I. Davidson," after
the commanding officer of the battalion at that time.
The march is an exceedingly beautiful composition,
but on account of the delicate intricacy of the gracing
and combinations, it is heard to better effect, in the
hands of -a good piper, when played as a slow
march than in marching time ; therefore, it has not
become a popular tune on parade, although as a
practice tune it holds a high place in the estimation
of the lovers of the pipes. It is greatly admired in
the Old Country, and just as in some instances one
song has made a poet famous, so this one tune has
raised Mr. Ireland to a niche
in the piper s temple of fame.
Other compositions might
be mentioned also, were they
The writer, how-

ROBERT IRELAND.
FIRST PIPE-MAJOR OF THE 48711.

associated with the gallant Forty-Eighth,
ever, may be pardoned if he makes a single exception and
acknowledges here Mr. Ireland s tune named after him,
which also has met with no small praise.

Following Mr. Ireland, the pipe-majorship was held by
Mr. Norman MacSwayed, a native of Dingwall, who had a
military training as a piper and who was a strict disciplinarian
and a thoroughly capable leader. He was known as a good
piobaireachd player in Scotland, and had won honours at
Braemar, and other Highland gatherings where were com
petitions for mastery in the music of Scotland. Mr. Mac-
Swayed had in his band : Sergeant George Murray, Pipers
Wm. Currie, Hugh Mackenzie, James R. Muir, John Suther
land, John Trenholm, George Thomson, James Thomson,
John Shire, and John Bryden ; Drummers Alexander Munro,
Samuel McCracken, Harry McGowen, James Malbrough,
Charles Hawkins, and George Cottenden.

When Mr. MacSwayed resigned the position to return to Scotland, his place
was filled by Mr. Farquhar Beaton, who holds the office now. The pipers who have

PIPE-MAJOR F. BEATON.

been and are in the band during Mr. Beaton s term are : Sergeants George Murray,
John Trenholm, and Samuel Leask ; Pipers Win. Currie, George Thomson, James
Thomson, \Vm. Johnson, Samuel McCracken, James Clunas, Joseph Halcro, James
Craig, H. Bourne, George Sutherland, Frank Ritchie, Gavin Hardy, Thomas
Richardson, Alexander Robertson, Charles Boney, Charles Currie, Archibald Ritchie,
and A. B. MacGillivray ; Drummers Alexander Munro, Charles Hawkins, George
Cottenden, Wm. McCracken, J. Malbrough, Walter Ross, Harry Latremoville, and
Robert Murray. At the present time the strength of the band on parade is twenty-
three sixteen pipers and seven drummers but there are quite a number under
tuition, who do not rank on the strength of the band.

Pipe-Major Beaton has maintained the efficiency of his pipe-band by inde
fatigable practice. There are four practices every week, two for the beginners and
two for the advanced pipers. With the former great pains are taken. Besides the
ordinary scales Mr. Beaton has devised simple scales which explain those given in
the books, with the result that the music is simplified and made easier to the learner.
Attention is given to the capacity of each member of the class and special exercises
are given accordingly. Therein lies Mr. Beaton s success as an instructor. He has
introduced a new practice to his band, viz., playing the four parts, the melody, tenor,
alto, and bass, of the tune at the same time, on an orchestral basis, as has been the
practice with some of the Old Country regimental bands for many years, but hither
to unknown in Canada. This idea was developed from an incident worth recording.
When His Excellency, the Earl of Aberdeen, who is an ardent admirer of the
bagpipes, was publicly entertained in Toronto, prior to his departure from Canada on
the expiry of his term as Governor-General, the pipe band of the Forty-Eighth was
in attendance at the ceremonies (in the Parliament Buildings). The Pipe-Major and
one of the pipers played in concert the first and second part of the tune "The
Green Hills of Tyrol." The effect produced was at once noted by His Excellency,
who complimented the Pipe-Major personally, and strongly recommended the
cultivation of part-playing on the pipes, which since then has been done.

Pipe-Major Beaton has played the pipes since he has been fourteen years old, and
has long been connected with volunteer corps as a piper. He won the championship
of Edinburgh in 1881 against fifteen competitors, of whom the late celebrated William
MacLennan was one. One of his most coveted honours is the Chicago World s Fair
championship and gold medal. In the circuit of Caledonian games in Canada and
the United States for the years 1895, 96. 97, he took every first prize for which he
competed, and he holds the first place for two of the three years required for the
championship trophy of the West Elgin Caledonian Association. He is the able
composer of quite a number of marches, the most noted being "The Midlothian
Amateur Pipe Band," published by David Glen, Edinburgh ;_ and the " North
American Pipers Association March."

THE FORTY-EIGHTH BRASS BAND.

The Brass Band of the Forty-Eighth Highlanders was organized in the fall of
1892. Mr. John Griffin, a graduate of Kneller Hall Military School of Music, and

Bandmaster of H.M. 63rJ Regiment, was selected, and
appointed Bandmaster. Upon his arrival in Toronto he
began the formation of the first " kilted " brass band in
Canada. The Regiment purchased a complete set of band
instruments, uniforms, etc., costing in the neighborhood of
$5,000. The Band paraded for the first time with the Regi
ment in the spring of 1893, f r tne purpose of attending a
church parade. From the very outset the Band became one
of the recognized bands in Canada, and played at some of the
most important events.

The position of Bandmaster becoming vacant in January,
1896, Mr. J. Slatter, the present Bandmaster, was selected
from a large number of applicants, and was appointed to fill
the vacancy. Mr. Slatter was formerly soloist in the famous
ist Life Guards Band, of London, Eng., and later served
with distinction in Brook s great Marine Band. He is a
successful composer and writer of band music. Under his
direction the Band at once took rank, and has been acknow
ledged for three years as one
of the best, if not the best,
brass band in Canada. It has

grown to a strength of forty members, and the Regi
ment is naturally extremely proud of it.

THE BUGLE BAND.

The Bugle Band was organized at an early
stage in the history of the Regiment, under Bugle-
Major E. Robertson, and soon attained to strength
and excellence. Bugle-Major Robertson was suc
ceeded by Mr. J. Woods, also an excellent instructor
and manager. At the present the Bugle Band is
disorganized, the Regiment trying an experiment in
the direction of further strengthening the Pipe and
Brass Bands instead of maintaining three.

THE SERGEANTS MESS.

The Sergeants Mess is a most important part
of any military organization. That of the Forty-
Eighth Highlanders, it goes without saying, is no exception to the rule. The date
of its formation is the 4th of May, 1892, and the place No. 66 Elm Street, the

BANDMASTER J. SLATTER.

E. ROBERTSON.
FIRST BIGLE MAJOR OF THE REC.IMKNT.

residence of the Sergeant-Major, Mr. Alfred G. Robertson. Colour-Sergeant Hugh
Rose acted as Secretary-Treasurer. The subsequent meetings were held at the
old Upper Canada College buildings, and until the first annual meeting in January,
1893, the Mess was conducted by an executive committee, consisting of Staff-Sergeant
Harp, Staff-Sergeant Hollinger, Colour-Sergeant George MacBean, Colour-Sergeant
Rose, Sergeant D.W. Smith, and the Sergeant-Major, with Sergeant Andrew Gordon
Fraser as Secretary-Treasurer of the Mess. On October I7th, 1892, the Mess moved
into quarters at old Upper Canada College. On the gth of January, 1893, the follow
ing officers and committees were elected: President, Staff-Sergeant Wm. Harp;
Vice-President, Colour-Sergeant Geo. MacBean, and later on, Staff-Sergeant Rose;
Secretary, Lance-Sergeant Arthur McEvoy; Treasurer, Colour-Sergeant Hugh Rose.
Committee: Colour-Sergeant Wm. Stewart, Sergeant A. G. Fraser, and Sergeant
Davidson. Librarian to the Mess, Sergeant A. G.
Fraser.

The first annual dinner was held on the loth
of March, 1893, in the Arlington Hotel, the Sergt.-
Major presiding. The guests included a large
number of officers and non-coms, of the neighbour
ing regiments and friends of the Forty-Eighth.

On the 2/th of July, 1893, a joint moonlight
excursion with the Sergeants Mess of the i3th
Battalion was held to Oakville, the Toronto men
going by the steamers " Garden City " and " Grey
hound."

The officers for the succeeding years have been :
1894 President, Staff- Sergeant Harp; Vice-Presi
dent, Staff-Sergeant A. Rose; Secretary, Colour-
Sergeant Neil MacKinnon ; Treasurer, Sergeant
John Graham. Board of Management: Colour-
Sergeant Stewart, Colour-Sergeant Lawrence, and
Sergeant Davidson.

1895 President, Staff- Sergeant Harp; Vice-President, Staff-Sergeant A. Rose;
Secretaries, Colour-Sergeant Neil MacKinnon, and Sergeant Donald Morrison;
Treasurer, Sergeant John Graham. Board of Management : Colour-Sergeant Law
rence, Colour-Sergeant Smith, and Sergeant McEvoy.

1896 President, Staff-Sergeant A. Rose; Vice-President, Colour-Sergeant
Stewart ; Secretaries, Sergeant D. Morrison, and Sergeant S. V. Jones; Treasurer,
Sergeant Cameron, Board of Management : Colour-Sergeant Wright, Colour-
Sergeant Shaw, and Sergeant C. McDonald.

1897 President, Colour Sergeant Stewart; Vice-President, Sergeant Cameron;
Secretary, Sergeant S. V. Jones ; Treasurer, Lance-Sergeant Arch. Macgregor.

SERGT.-MAJOR ALEXANDER ROSE.

Board of Management : Sergeant Lambe, Sergeant Bruce, and Colour-Sergeant
Richie.

1898 President, Sergeant Lambe; Vice-President, Colour-Sergeant Jones;
Secretary, Colour-Sergeant Grant ; Treasurer, Lance-Sergeant Miller. Board of
Management : Colour-Sergeant Wallbridge, Sergeant Macgregor, Sergeant McRae.

1899 President, Bugle-Major Woods ; Vice-President, Colour-Sergeant Mac
gregor; Secretaries, Sergeant W. H. Grant, and J. H. Campbell; Treasurer, Sergeant
E. N. May. Committee : Sergeant Stewart, Colour-Sergeant Stevens, and Colour-
Sergeant Rae.

, 900 President, Bugle-Major Woods, until April i8th, and from that date
Sergeant Merry; Vice-President, Colour-Sergeant Rae; Secretary, Sergeant]. H.

Campbell ; Treasurer, Colour-Sergeant Kirkness. Board
of Management : Sergeant Miller, Hospital Sergeant
Ross, and Colour-Sergeant Thorne.

The honorary members of the Sergeants Mess are :
Mr. Wm. Simpson, builder, Toronto, who took a deep
interest in the formation of the Regiment ; Mr. Alexander
Muir. M A., author of " The Maple Leaf," Canada s
national song ; Sergeant-Major Harding, and Mr. Bert
Harvey.

It is a rule of the Mess that a handsome clock
should be presented to each member who leaves the
bachelors ranks for those of the benedicts, and this rule
has been ever enthusiastically honoured.

Among the donations to the Mess-room from friends
is a fine marble clock, the gift of Mrs. Davidson, wife of
the first commanding officer of the Regiment, and many
valuable pictures from members and ex-members.

A function which is greatly enjoyed is an annual
rifle contest between picked teams, one representing the
Sergeants Mess and the other the Officers Mess.

Although some of the crack shots of the Regiment are officers, the non-coms, have
never failed so far to win the trophy, which is a cup, to be held by the winning team
for the year.

The main objects aimed at by the Sergeants Mess are : to stimulate mutual in
terest in the efficiency and welfare of the Regiment, and to cultivate and preserve
friendly regard and esteem amongst the members. Mess meetings are held on the
second Monday of each month, and during the winter season bowling is considerably
indulged in under the auspices of the Mess, winding up by a stirring tournament

DRIM-MAJOR MC-LKAY.

which valuable prizes are offered. In the Mess-rooms there are first-class illustrated
papers and magazines for the use of the members, who find in the Mess quarters a
convenient rendezvous at which esprit dc corps and the social side of volunteering
can be pleasantly cultivated.

The value of such a spirit need not be enlarged upon. To it every military
organization owes more than can be told. Time and again this truth has been
exemplified in the experience of the Forty-Eighth Highlanders, whose non-com
missioned officers are enthusiastic soldiers, and thoroughly efficient in the positions
they occupy. It has been the good fortune of the regiment to be admirably
officered, and with equal emphasis this can be applied to the non-commissioned
officers, whose services have been conspicuous in maintaining the excellent condition
of the regiment. Without the Sergeant s Mess this could not be done, for it is the
home of the non-coms., the centre of their activity, and the institution around which
regimental memories will the longest linger.

FINIS

LIST OF OFFICERS.

THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED IN THE 48 HIGHLANDERS,
AND THE DATES OF THE OFFICIAL GAZETTES

CONCERNING THEM.

Davidson, J. I., Lieutenant-Colonel (provisional),
2Oth November, 1891. Confirmed, 25th March,
1892. Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel, 141)1
April, 1898.

Cosby, A. M., Major (provisional), 24th December,

1891. Confirmed, i8th June, 1894. Lieutenant-
Colonel, i6th March, 1898. Died May 12,
1900.

t Macdonald, W. C., Major, igth February, 1892.
Lieutenant-Colonel, June 7, 1900.

Robertson, D. M., Captain (provisional), igth
February, 1892. Confirmed, 291(1 February,

1892. Major, 3ist March, 1898.

Magillivray, D., Captain (provisional), igth February,
1892. Confirmed, 2gth February, 1892.
Appointed Adjutant, 131)1 October, 1893.
Appointed Paymaster, 241)1 August, 1896.
Retired to Reserve of Officers as Captain,
6th Julv, 1900.

Hendrie, W., Jr., Captain (provisional), igth Febru
ary, 1892. Confirmed, 3ist March, 1892.

Currie, J. A., Captain (provisional), igth February,
1892. Confirmed, 131)1 August, 1892.

Gray, J. W., Captain (provisional), igth February,
1892. Retired, 131(1 May, 1892.

Hunter, C. A., Lieutenant (provisional), igth
February, 1892. Confirmed, 291)1 February,
1892. Captain, 131)1 May, 1892. Retired,
291)1 October, 1894.

Michie, J. F., Lieutenant (provisional), igth Febru
ary, 1892. Confirmed, 2gth February, 1892.
Captain, igth August, 1892.

Rose, G. M., Lieutenant (provisional), igth February,
1892. Retired, 23rd June, 1894.

Donald, Duncan, Lieutenant (provisional), igth
February, 181)2. Confirmed, 313! March, 1892.
Captain, 131)1 October, 1893. Adjutant, 241)1
August, 1896.

Mr I. can, D. H., Lieutenant (provisional), 191)1
February, 1892. Confirmed, 291)1 February,
1892. Retired, 2oth April, 1894.

Adams, J., Honorary Captain and Quartermaster,
igth February, 1892. Retired, igth August,
,897.

Stuart, \V. T., Surgeon Major, igth February, 1892.

Henderson, \V., Captain, 241)1 March, 1892. Brevet-
Major, 3rd March, 1892.

Macdonald, Walter, Captain, 24th March, 1892.
Adjutant, igth August, 1892. Retired with
rank of Captain, I3th October, 1893.

Cassels, R. S., Captain, 22iid April, 1892. Retired,
2ist April, 1894.

Orchard, W. H., Lieutenant, 13th May, 1892.
Captain, 2Oth April, i8g4. Honorary Major
and Quartermaster, i8th March, i8g8.

Ramsay, J. F., Lieutenant (provisional), 131)1 May,
Confirmed, 3Oth September, i8g2. Captain,
2Oth September, 1894. Retired, 2oth March,
1897.

Campbell, C. A., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
I3th May, i8g2. Confirmed, ritli August,
1894. Lieutenant, loth November, 1894.
Captain, 27th November, i8gg.

Thompson, J. A., Second Lieutenant, 131)1 May,

1892. Confirmed, 30th June, 1894. Lieutenant,
2gth September, 1894. Retired, 41)1 June,
1897.

MacLean, H. C., Lieutenant (provisional), 24th
May, 1892. Confirmed, 2gth November, 1892.
Captain, 24th August, 1896.

Dame, A. A. Assistant Surgeon, igth August, 1892.
Retired, igth August, 1897.

fMitchell, J. H., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 51)1
May, 1893. Confirmed, 2Oth February, 1894.
Lieutenant, 2oth April, 1894. Captain, 27th
February, 1897.

Perry, F. M., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 261)1
August, 1893. Confirmed, 2oth June, 1894.
Lieutenant, agth September, 1894, Captain,
131)1 May, i8g8.

McLean, C. A. H., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
3rd November, i8g3. Confirmed, 2oth Febru
ary, 1894. Lieutenant, i8th May, 1894. Re
tired on appointment to Second Battalion
Argvle and Sutherland Highlanders, 2 1st
March, 1896.

Cosby, F. L., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 7th
April, 1893. Confirmed, 25th September,

1893. Lieutenant, 2Oth April, 1894. Captain,
1 3th May, 1898. Retired on appointment to
North-West Mounted Police as Inspector, 23rd
October, i8gg.

Scott, C. D., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 2Oth
April, 1894. Retired, 28th September, 1896.

Hamilton, H. V., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
i8th May, 1894. Confirmed, i^th May, 1895.
Lieutenant, gth November, 1895.

Catto, C. J., Second Lieutenant (provisional), i8th
May, 1894. Confirmed, 3Oth September, 1895.
Lieutenant, 2ist March, 1896.

Rainsbath, J. V., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
3rd August, 1894. Retired, 1 2th October,
1895.

Gibson, R. L., Second Lieutenant (provisional), i8th
May, 1894. Retired, 2gth September, 1894.

Cosby, N. L., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 2ist
September, 1895. Confirmed, 22nd May, 1896.
Lieutenant, 4th June, 1897. Retired to enlist
in R.C.A. for South Africa, 2nd January, 1900.

Brooke, H. J., Second Lieutenant (provisional), I2th
October, 1895. Confirmed, jist March, 1896.
Lieutenant, 24th August, 1896.

Burnside, J. T. M., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
gth November, 1895. Confirmed, 3ist March,
1896. Lieutenant, 6th March, 1897.

McDougall, D. H., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
4th May, 1896. Confirmed, 3ist October,
1896. Lieutenant, 131(1 May, 1898. Retired,
gth January, 1900.

Hall, A., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 24th August,

1896. Confirmed, 2nd August, 1897. Retired,
i ith January, 1898.

Taylor, A. P., Second Lieutenant (provisional), I2th
December, 1896. Confirmed, 3Oth June, 1897.
Lieutenant, I3th February, 1900.

Harbottle, C. C., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
3oth December, 1896. Confirmed, 3ist March,

1897. Lieutenant, i3th May, 1898.

Macdonald, C., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
loth May, 1897. Retired, 26th December,

Bickl ord, O. I.., Second Lieutenant (provisional)
i^th October, 1897. Confirmed, 3ist March,
1898.

tTemple, R. G. H., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
nth March, 1898. Confirmed, I3th August,
1898. Lieutenant Special Service Battalion,
R. C.K.I., October, 1899.

Smith, D. K., Surgeon-Lieutenant, 2nd February,

Mackenzie, A. \V., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
1 8th October, 1898.

Darling, C. \V., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
i8th October, 1898. Confirmed, 23rd May,
1899.

\Voodbridge, M. J., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
&gt;Sth October, 1898. Confirmed, -,ist March,
,899.

Isbister, A. J., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 2nd
November, 1898.

McGaw, O. E., Second Lieutenant (provisional), 26th
December, 1898. Confirmed, 23rd May, 1899.

Black, Rev. Armstrong, Honorary Chaplain, 2gth
September, 1899.

Somerville, L. McR., Second Lieutenant (provisional),
I5th February, 1900.

Macdonell, Rev. D. J., appointed Chaplain by
Regimental order before Honorary Chaplains
allowed.

t Active service.

ROLL OF HONOUR.

THE FOLLOWING ARK THOSE WHO, BY THEIR GENEROUS SUBSCRIPTIONS, RECENTLY

AND AT THE TIME OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT, HAVE SHOWN

THEIR APPRECIATION OF THE 48 HIGHLANDERS.

The Canadian Bank of Commerce
Canada Lite Assurance Co.
William MacKenzie

D. R. Wilkie

Sir David L. McPherson

Caledonian Society

Wm. Christie

Bank of Toronto

John Kay & Son Co.

Frederick \Vyld

Canada Sugar Ref. Co.

Hon. George A. Cox

Hiram Walker & Sons, Ltd.

Kemp Mtg. Co.

Xorthrop & Lyman Co., Ltd.

Robertson Bros.

Oak Hall.

Western Assurance Co.

Gutta Percha and Rubber Mfg. Co.

E. Boisseau & Co.

The Gurney Foundry Co., Ltd.

Toronto Type Foundry Co., Ltd.

The BarbeV & Ellis Co.

Imperial Life Assurance Co.

Blue Ribbon Tea Co.

Lumsden Bros.

Corticelli Silk Co.

J. F. Brown Co., Ltd.

.Adams Furniture Co.

P. W. Ellis Co.

Pugsley, Dingman & Co.

W. Mclntosh

A. A. Barthelmes & Co.

Swan Bros.

The \Vm. B Hamilton Shoe Co.

The J. D. King- Co., Ltd.

Chas. Cockshutt it Co.

John H. Dunlop

T. G. Brough

E. W. Gille tt

The Cowan Co., Ltd.

H. S. Rowland

Pure Gold Mfg. Co.

J. & J. Taylor

J. Algernon Temple, M.D.

jas. W. Ross, M.D.

John Leckie

J. E. Ellis

John Dick

Thos. Dunnet

Xerlich & Co.

J. Firstbrook

Harry Webb Co.

Crompton Corset Co.

H. W. Petrie

Boeckh Bros & Co.

Toronto Lithographing Co
Ireland National Food Co.
S. Trees
W. G. Harris
Rolph, Smith & Co.
P. Jacob!
Donald Mackay
Ashdown s Music Store
John Abell Eng. & Mach. Works
Jas. P. Murray
Aikenhead Hardware Co.
John Hillock & Co.
John Holderness
Alfred Robinson
Ontario Lead and Wire Co.
T. A. Lytle
John Burns & Son
John Smith

Todhunter, Mitchell & Co.
T. Milburn & Co.
The Wilkinson Plough Co.
The Brown Bros., Ltd.
Toronto Can Co.
Samuel May

Ontario Wind Engine & Pump Co.
R. S. Williams
Warwick Bros. & Rutter
Menzie, Turner & Co.
Osier dfc Hammond
G. P. Magann
Chas. S. Blackwell
Northey Mfg. Co.
Noah L. Piper & Son
The Jas. Robertson Co.
John Macdonald & Co.
Octavius Xewcombe it Co.
Parisian Steam Laundry Co.
Xisbet & Auld
John D. Ivey Co.
Conger Coal Co.

The Central Canada Loan & Sav
ings Co.

Provincial Building it Loan Assn.
W. & J. G. Greey
The Dodds Medicine Co.
E. Satinders
Adams Bros.
John B. Smith it* Sons
Frankel Bros.
Archibald Campbell
Gillespie, Ansley & Co.
Goo. B. Meadows Co.
McAlpin Tobacco Co.
Rankin & Co.
Spilling Bros.
Smith Bros.

Niagara Navigation Co.

D. W. Alexander

Mclntosh Granite & Marble Co.

J. J. McLaughlin

Taylor Bros.

George Milligan

D. McCall

H. Horsman

Geo. \Veston

H. P. Dwight

Xordheimer Music & Piano Co.

Arthur J. Frost

M. & L. Samuel, Benjamin & Co.

Jas. Robertson

Chas. Peters

Blake, Lash & Cassells

Robert Simpson

Alex. Gibb

Jno. Blackwell

Geo. Ratcliffe

T. MeFarlane

J. Little

Wm. Stark

Edison Electric Co.

W. R. Spencer

A. H. Campbell

A. W. Grassett

Win. Bryce

Dr. Clark

Dalton Bros.

J. D. Nasmith

T. D. Miller

J. F. Smith, Cj.C.

T. R. Warwick

Warwick & Co.

W. H. Beatty

Gaelic Society

Shedden & Co.

W. M. Clark

Jno. Bailie

A. B. McColl

Kilgour Bros.

J. B McColl

Robert Swan

John Hallam

John Henderson

J. H. Ewart

R. Green

Hon. Edward Blake

Mrs. C. Macdonald

J. McMillan

Chas. Walker

Hugh Miller

Dr. James Thorburn

George Gooderham

Win. Adamson

\V. Kinghorn
John Flett
Hugh Ryan

D. \V. Alexander
Mrs. Johnston

S. F. McKinnon

J. L. Morrison

F. W. Holgate,

A. McArthnr

Jas. Cooper

R. J. Havenden

Wm. Armstrong

J. Scholes

J. Elliott

T. Pells

Wm. Milligan

John Harp (Amoy, China)

W. Simpson

F. \V. Lockwood

John Lander

T. Giles

R. Fleming

R. \V. Spence

McMasher & Co.

W. D. Matthews

Paul Campbell

R. H. Bethune

E. B. Osier, M.P.
J. K. Macdonald

St. Lawrence Sugar Ret . Co.
Eddy Mnfg. Co.
J. Taylor

Badgerow & Dixon
D. B. Dick
Pearson Rros.
J. Harvie
D. Turner

"Glendale" (Montreal)
Thos. Robertson
Mrs. Cameron
Dr. Andrew Smith
Harry Piper
D. Walker

C. Rogers & Sons Co.
A. Jardner & Co.
R. J affray
Mrs. R. Carroll
Hutchison, Shurley & Derrett
S. Tidy & Son
P. A. Macdonald
W. J. Gage & Co., Ltd.
J. McCausland

The Mason & Risen Piano Co.
M. Staunton & Co.
Stone & Wellington
Pelham Nursery Co.
Rogers & Co.
Hutchinson & Son
Westman & Baker
The British-American Business Col
lege Co.
Dominion Paper Box Co.

Fensom Elevator Co.
Kinnear & Co.

E. R C Clarkson
Dominion Radiator Co.
James Park

Irving Umbrella Co.

F. W. Humphrey
W. J. McGuire

G. Goulding & Sons
John Dixon

The Tait-Bredin Co., Ltd.

George Coles

W. J. McMurty

The Bennett & Wright Co., Ltd.

G. O. Roche

Belle Ewart Ice Co.

Alex. Millard

Gourlay, Winter & Leeming

A. S. Boone

Toronto Foundry Co.

The National Cycle & Auto. Co , Ltd.

The Copeland-Chatterson Co., Ltd.

Joan Bishop

St. Margaret s College

Jas. Poffley

Canada Cycle & Motor Co.

Wreyford"& Co.

K. Ishikawa & Co.
J. J. Foy

John Northway

Rev. Arthur H. Baldwin

Rev. Armstrong Black

R. T. Coady

G. F. Marter

C. H. Rust

Fred Mowat

Charles Sheard, M.D.

Noel Marshall

R. A. Pyne

J. O. Langmuir

John Jones

Geo H. Hees, Son & Co.

Roden Bros.

R. Laidlaw Lumber Co.

George Rathbone

J. H. G. Hagarty

Robert Beatty & Co.

Commissioner of Crown Lands

Geo. A. Kingston

J. F. Junkin

Hon. G. W. Ross

Avern Pardoe

R. Harcourt

F. R. Latchford

J. R. Stratton

John Ritchie Plumbing & Heating
Co., Ltd.

The Canada Permanent and West
ern Canada Mortgage Co.

James Maclennan

F. Osier

Chas. Moss

W. P. R. Street

N. Clarke Wallace

John Small

N. R. Frankland

Walter Harland Smith

York County Loan & Savings Co.

C. C. Stratton

Roderick J. Parke

Ryrie Bros.

Lt -Col. H. J. Grasetl

Eastmuir & Lightbounie

J. Hardy

Hugh MacMahon

J. A. Boyd

W. R. Meredith

E. Coatsworth

S. W. McMichael

A. E. Ames & Co.

Standard Bank of Canada

The Traders Bank of Canada

The Ontario Bank

E. Veals

T. Eaton

Larrat W. Smith

Toronto Mortgage Co.

J. F. Lester

Thomas Ferguson

Wm. Stitt & Co.

O Keet e Brewery Co.

S. W. Black

Imperial Trust Co.

John Catto & Son

C. C. James

Hon. J. M. Gibson

H. H. Langton

The National Life Ass. Co. of Can.

Edmund Scheuer

A. |. Russel-Snow

Alex. Lochore

Jas. Pears

J. L. Campbell

R. Bond

The Canadian Birkhe. k Investment

& Savings Co.
R. Parker & Co.
Canada Printing Ink Co.
Ritchie & Ramsay
The Temperance & General Life

Assurance Co.

Confederation Life Association
W. A. Murray & Co., Ltd.
Joseph Seagram
C. Robinson
W. E. Chalcraft & Co.
A. Bollard
Bristol & Cawthra
The Marlatt & Armstrong Co. , Ltd.
Angus Kirkland
Sylvester Bros.
Hugh C. Salmon
R. G. Dun & Co.
The W. R. Brock Co , Ltd.

"HIGHLAND LADDIE"

Regimental March of the 48 ( . h Highlanders.

Tempo dl Marcia,

Where ha e ye been a the day,

Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie ?
Saw ye him that s far away,

Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie?
On his head a bonnet blue,

Bonnie laddie, Highland ladclie ;
Tartan plaid and Highland trew,

Bonnie laddie, Highland ladclie?

When he drew his gude braid sword,

Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie,
Then he gave his royal word,

Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie,
That frae the field he ne er wad flee,

Bonnie ladclie, Highland ladclie ;
But wi his friends wad live or dee,

Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie.

Weary fa the lawland loon,

Bonnie laddie, Highland ladclie,
Wha took frae him the British croon,

Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie ;
But blessings on the kilted clans,

Bonnie laddie, Highland ladclie ;
That fought for him at Prestonpans,

Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie.

Attention

forward

fit the Trent.

is naturally directed toward those in the front rank, whether
it be an army on the field or a business enterprise. Thus
the CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY is to
day more than ever in the eye of the public, for the
recent action of its management in strengthening the in
vested reserve funds has had the two-fold effect of placing
the Company far in advance of its competitors, and at
the same time of largely increasing the profit-earning
power for the benefit of both old policyholders and new
assurers.

has ever been the watchword of the Canada Life, and
the marked advantage it derives from the important move
forward which has lately taken place will become more
and more evident when contrasted with the record of
those companies which lacked the essential strength to
thus move out in the open alone and unchallenged. The
Canada Life to-day more than ever before deserves the
title:

Canada s Leading Company.

ROYAL
WARRANT

HER MAJESTY
QUEEN VICTORIA

"Canadian Club" Whisky

DISTILLED AND BOTTLED
IN BOND BY

HIRAM WALKER & SONS,

LONDON,
NEW YORK,
CHICAGO,
ATLANTA,
CITY OF MEXICO,
VICTORIA, B.C.

Limited,

WALKERVILLE,

Ontario, Canada.

"VY7IDE and sustained popularity of an article is
almost certain proof of high merit, "Canadian
Club" holds a leading place in almost every part of
the civilized world. It is admitted that no other
single brand of wine or liquor is to be so generally
found wherever the traveller may go.

9 8

Oak Hall Clothing

conforms to a man s personality that s what we call Ait
in Tailoring, because it is the result of thought. Each curve
of the garment represents a thought, and that s because we
build our clothes with brains.

Ten, twelve or fifteen dollars is a price nearly everyone
can afford to pay for a suit or overcoat. These prices, how
ever, are thought by some to be too little. Opinions differ
just as prices do, but if you take the trouble to look up the
kind of garments we sell at these prices, you ll agree with
us, as others do, that they are worthy garments for any
man, and you ll not be averse to saving $8.00 or $10.00.

The cloth, style, make and trimmings are just the same
as you pay your tailor $J8.00, $20.00 or $22.00 for-

OAK HALL,

Exclusive Ready-to-Wear Clothiers,

W. SANFORD ALLEY, 115 TO 121 KING STREET EAST,

Manager. 116 YONGE STREET, TORONTO.

Pamphlets.

THE CONFEDERATION LIFE ASSOCIATION PUBLISHES
AN INTERESTING SET OF PAMPHLETS GIVING FULL
PARTICULARS AS TO ITS DIFFERENT PLANS OF LIFE
INSURANCE, AND WILL BE PLEASED TO SEND THEM
ON APPLICATION TO THE HEAD OFFICE, TORONTO,
OR TO ANY OF THE ASSOCIATION S AGENTS.

Confederation life

ASSOCIATION.

W. C. MACDONALD, J. K. MACDONALD,

ACTUARY. Managing Director.

HEAD OFFICE, - TORONTO.

Cowan s

COCOa and

Chocolate

Cowan s Hygienic Cocoa

Should be in every home. Its absolute
purity and fine flavor recommend it.

Cowan s Queen s Dessert Chocolate,

Chocolate Cream Bars, Chocolate Ginger,
Chocolate Wafers,

Are delicious confections and only require to
be tried to be appreciated.

are used by everybody
who values health.

THE COWAN COMPANY,

TORONTO.

RODERICK J. RARKLE,

CONSULTING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER.

INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ON

ELECTRIC RAILROADS,

LIGHTING AND POWER ENTERPRISES,

LONG DISTANCE POWER TRANSMISSIONS.

PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, ADVICE ON TENDERS, TESTS, VALUATIONS.

-4O9--4-1O TE/V\FLE BUILDING,

TORONTO, C/\N/\D/\.

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE.

Scottish

CLAN,

FAMILY and
REGIMENTAL

Tartans.

Designs and colors ^ff\ 1 f

historically correct shown in

Fine Saxony Wool Costume and Kilting Cloths.

Tourist Reversible Rugs, Wrap Shawls, Mauds, Cloaks, Capes.

Handkerchiefs, Scarfs, Belts, Ribbons, Hosiery.

Glengarry, Balmoral and Prince Charlie Bonnets, Brooches, Buckles, Buttons.

Highland Suits made to order in correct style.

Estimates given for complete Regimental, Clan, Society or Camp Outfits.

JOHN CATTO & SON

King Street opposite the Post-Office.
TORONTO.

The Canadian Birkbeck
Investment

and
Savings Company.

Incorporated by Social Act of the
I urliiiment of Canada.

CAPITAL:

Subscribed, $2,000,000.00. Paid-up, $750,000.00.

HEAD OFFICE: FREEHOLD BUILDING, TORONTO.

H. P. DWIGHT, ESQ., PRESIDENT,

President Great North-Western Telegraph Co. of Canada.
THOMAS LONG. ESQ.. VICE-PRESIDENT,

Director Merchants Bank of Canada.
S. H. EWTNG, ESQ., VICE-PRESIPENT,

Vice Presidi-iil Molsons Bank.
F. W. G. FITZGERALD, MANAGING DIRECTOR.

Money to Loan on Mortgages, and on Stocks, Bonds and Debentures.

The Company receives money either in
small or large sums, and for Temporary
or Permanent Investment.

Savings Bank Department.

Agencies In all Principal Cities.

Full Information on Application.

Interest at six, five, and four per cent, according to agreement.
IOO

The Ontario Accident

ACCIDENTS AND
DISEASE.

ISSUE SPECIALLY
ATTRACTIVE POLICIES
COVERING

Accident,

Accident and Sickness Combined.

Employers ,

Elevator,

General and Public Liability,
Plate Glass.

Lloyds Plate Glass

Insurance Companies

EAST MURE & LIGHTBOURN,

General Agents,

j Toronto Street,

TORONTO.

The Best People Use

T f\ ** rt /7/ I m ^*/7/7 tn

Baking Powder

STRICTLY HIGH GRADE.
ABSOLUTELY PURE.

WHOLESOME AND
ECONOMICAL.

EVERY POUND GUARANTEED.

ASK YOUR GROCER FOR JERSEY CREAM.

84 McNAB STREET NORTH,
HAMILTON.

g FRONJ . STREET EAST ,
TORONTO

JOSEEAGRAM,

OF WATERLOO, Ottt.

Fine Whiskeys.

MANUFACTURER OF

Toronto Office :

30 Wellington Street East.

Brands : " OLD TIMES"

"WHITE WHEAT:

IOI

"THIS IS CANADA YEAR."

Massey-Harris, Cleveland,
Welland Vale,

Brantford and Gendron Bicycles.

*****************************************************

THE surprising combination of elegance and refinement in the production of
past years, bearing the now celebrated name plates popularly distinguished
on the above wheels, lends to the riders of these mounts a prestige considerably
enhanced as indicating discrimination, mechanical intelligence, and appreciation
of progressive ingenuity, and each season will find them still further ahead of all
others made possible by the vast and absolutely unequalled resources now at the
disposal of each plant. ~

Agents Everywhere.

Write for Catalogue.

Canada Cycle and Motor Company, Limited,
TORONTO, CANADA.

Printing

Materials,

Type

TORONTO TYPE FOUNDRY

HEAD OFFICE :

&lt;TO York Street, Toronto.

Machinery

every
description.

THE largest and most complete
stock in Canada of Type, Inks,
Printing Presses, Brass Goods and
all materials required in Printing,
Bookbinding and Lithographing . .

Estimates Furnished upon Request.

Toronto Type Foundry Co.,

J. J. PALMER, President.
J. T. JOHNSTON, General Manager.

LIMITED.

BRANCH WAREHOUSES:
HALIFAX. N.S., .IAS. ( . JONES, MANAGES.

MONTREAL, Qua, ;EO. M. STK\V.\KT. MANACKI:.
NVINMl Ed. MAN.. .1. ( . CKOME. MANAGBB.

VANCOUVER, B.C., E. C. \VILLSON, MANAGER,

102

HUTCHINSON & SON,

ARRIAGE
BUILDERS,

126 to 134 Simcoe Street,
1 to 9 Nelson Street,

Toronto.

Telephone 2479.

WE HAVE IN STOCK ALL KINDS OF UP-TO-DATE VEHICLES.

WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF

Designing, and the Building
of Special Designs.

SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO REPAIRING
AND RE-PAINTING OF FINE WORK.

Patronized by
HIS EXCELLENCY the GOVERNOR-GENERAL

and
HIS HONOR the LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR.

Manufacturers of the celebrated Royal Foot
Warmer, for use in either Carriage or House.

We have the most complete outfit for applying all
kinds of RUBBER TIRES TO CARRIAGES.

Niagara River Line.

Niagara

Navigation

Co. s

Swift Steel Sidewheel
Express Steamers

CHICORA,
CORONA,
CHIPPEWA,
ONGIARA,

(Local River Steamer).

The Shortest and Cheapest Route

BETWEEN

TORONTO

NIACARA-ON-THE-LAKE, QUEENSTON. LEWISTON,

NIAGARA FALLS, BUFFALO, ROCHESTER,

ERIE, CLEVELAND, PITTSBURGH,

SARATOGA, CINCINNATI,

ST. LOUIS.

NEW YORK,

Philadelphia, Boston, Washington,

Via all routes connecting with

NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILROAD and MICHIGAN

CENTRAL RAILROAD AT SUSPENSION

BRIDGE AND BUFFALO.

Most Attractive
Route for
Summer Travel.

The Upper End

OF THE

Great

St. Lawrence
Tour.

The NORTH SHORE ROUTE

Niagara Falls, Toronto,

Kingston, Clayton and

Alexandria Bay to Montreal.

the United States and Canada.

via the NIAGARA RIVER can be obtained
at all R a u way ana Steamboat Agencies in

JOHN FOY,

Manager.

The

Imperial Life

ASSURANCE CO. OF CANADA.

HEAD OFFICE, TORONTO.

PRESIDENT, HON. SIR OLIVER MOWAT.

CAPITAL, $10,000,000.00.

THE GOVERNMENT DEPOSIT

of The Imperial Life is larger than that
of any other Canadian Life Company.

ALL ITS POLICY RESERVES

are on a 3% per cent, interest basis.

FIRST AND PARAMOUNT
ABSOLUTE SECURITY TO POLICVHOLDERS.

F. G. COX, Managing Director.

The....

.SYSTEMS.

PERPETUAL
LEDGERS . . .

DEVISERS OF....

LOOSE LEAF SYSTEMS.

The COPELAND-CHATTERSON CO,,Limited,

75-77 OUEEH ST. VI.

TORONTO.

331-333 BOARD OF TRADE.

MONTREAL.

We invite correspondence for further information.

A. E. AMES.

E. D. FRASER.

A. E. Ames
&Co.

Bankers and Brokers,
TORONTO.

Transact a General Financial Business.

Deposits received.

Interest allowed at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum.

Buy and Sell

HIGH-GRADE

INVESTMENT SECURITIES
ON COMMISSION.

COR. KING AND VICTORIA STREETS,
TORONTO.

PAID ON DEPOSITS OF
$1.00 AND UPWARDS.

PAID ON DEBENTURES

TO RUN FOR ONE, TWO

OR THREE YEARS.

INTEREST PAYABLE
HALF-YEARLY.

GOVERNMENT,

MUNICIPAL AND

CORPORATION

BONDS AMD STOCKS

BOUGHT and SOLD.

Choice Investment
Securities suitable for

Deposit with the

Dominion Government

always on hand.

Money to Loan on Real

Estate, Municipal

Bonds, Insurance

Policies, etc.

HON. GEO. A. COX, President.
F. W. BAILLIE, E. R. WOOD,

Secretary. Vice-Pros, and Man. Dir.

IO4

The

Toronto
Lithographing

Companv,

LITHOGRAPHERS AND ENGRAVERS.

ALL PROCESSES
FOR ALL PURPOSES.

Cor. l\in,.&lt; and Batburst Streets,

Coronto,

FIRE AND MARINE.

IBritfeb Hmcdca
Hssurance
Company.

1beaC&gt; Office,
ZEorcmto.

CASH CAPITAL, .... $1,000,000.
TOTAL ASSETS over . . . 1,470,000.

LOSSES Paid since Organization, 18,000,000.

HON. GEO. A. COX,

J. J. KENNY,

VICE- PRESIDENT.

P. H. SIMS,

SECRETARY.

THE

Fonthill
Nurseries

OVER

600 Acres

OF CANADA.

LARGEST IN THE DOMINION.
800 ACRES.

We grow a complete list of all the ordinary varieties
of Shrubs, Roses. Ornamental Trees, Vines, Hedges, Fruit
Trees and Fruit Bushes, and make a specialty of all the
newer and better kinds.

Estimates furnished for laying out Lawns, Public
Parks and Boulevards.

Handsome 136 page Illustrated Catalogue free on
application.

We invite inspection of our large Nurseries at Font-
hill, where every attention will be shown visitors.

Manufacturers of high grade White and Red Wines,
especially suitable for medicinal purposes.

Vintage of 1890. Prices on application.

Ornamental Trees,
Flowering Shrubs,
Roses,

Rhododendrons,

Fruit Trees, etc.

VVTE grow a complete line of Nursery Stock,
* * including many specialties of great merit.
All stock is guaranteed true to name and of best
possible quality.

Estimates furnished for the laying out of
Lawns, Gardens, etc. Write for free Catalogue.

Address all communications to

STONE & WELLINGTON,

Nurserymen, TORONTO.

The Pelham Nursery Co.,

TORONTOfONT.

Nurseries, Offices,

Pelham, Ont. Toronto, Ont.

Canada Permanent .....i Ulcsicrn Canada
Mortgage Corporation.

HEAD OFFICE :

COMPANY S BUILDING, TORONTO STREET, TORONTO.

BRANCH OFFICES :

WINNIPEG, MAN , VANCOUVER, B.C.,
ST. JOHN, N.B.

Pnid-up Capital,
Reserve Tund, -
flsseis, - -

W.000.000.

$1,500,000.

$23.000,000.

(tEOKHE GOODEEHAM, President.

.]. HERBERT MA SOX, 1st Vice-PreSHlent

ami Chairman of Executive Committee.

\V. H. P.EATTV, 2ml Vice-President.

( Jen. Tal Manager. .

Assistant lieiieral Manager,
Manager Ontario P&gt;rain-li,
\wistaiit Manas-er Ontario Branch.
Superintendent Property Department.

Sf-ivtary,

Treasurer,

Mana^iT Manitoba Branch, .,
Manager British Columbia Branch, .
Manager -Maritime Provinces liran"li.

WALTER S. LEE.

. R. S. HUDSON.

JOHX MASSEY.

G. F. R. HARRIS.

. JOHN PATON.

. (iEORGE H. SMITH.

. W. CECIL LEE.

WILLIAM M. FISHER.

CESARE ,1. MARAX1.

. W. E. MASON.

Deposils Received. Debentures Issued.

Dloncv 10 lend on Slocks. Bonds and Real Estate.

When Buying

Wall Paper

Ask your dealer for Goods
made by

M. Staunton & Co.,

TORONTO, ONT.,

and you will have
GOOD DESIGNS,

GOOD COLORING,

GOOD QUALITY.

The name on the margin of the roll.

Wholesale Only.

Westorfs

Home-made Bread.

For excellence and stability

WESTON S

HOME-MADE

is the Leading Bread of Toronto.

Historically we are young.

Bread ACI: is no guarantee.

Purity, healthfulness

and sweetness combined make

Good Bread.
City I )elivery 30 wagons.

Bread shipped to all points.

PHONE 329.

George Weston,

Model Bakery, ...TORONTO.

What
we Sell:

Furniture,

Carpets,

Home Furnishings.

What we
Guarantee:

Prices,

Prompt Delivery,

Money Back if Wanted.

GET AN ESTIMATE.

THE

ADAMS FURNITURE CO.,

LIMITED,

179 YONGE ST.

I O6

WHAT IS IT?
WATCH THE CHANGE.

How many Blocks are there in this pile?

BOEGKH 8 BRUSHES

are always on the square, but are they on the
right or left side ?

YODR DEALER CAW SUPPLY YOU.

The

Bennett & Wright Co.

LIMITED.

^ngineers

and (Contractors.

Steam and Hot Water
Heatingand Ventilating,
Electric Light Installations,
Fine Sanitary Plumbing,
Steam and Electric Supplies.

Gas and Electric
Fixtures.

72 Queen Street East,

I to II Dalhousie Street,

Toronto,

Canada.

BROWN

ASKS A FAVOR.

"Canada s greatest furniture store" requests
the privilege of figuring on every dollar you
spend on housefurnishing.

Brown harbors the belief that he can save
you almost one-fifth on every dollar you
spend from now till you die on anything
for the home.

The belief is worth investigating. Isn t it ?

Then he gives you credit if you want it.

Read his ad. daily in the newspapers, it s
always packed tight with value.

The J. F. BROWN CO.,

EST

LIM.TEO.
FURNITURE STORE,"

ENTRANCE. 5 AND 7 QUEFN STREtT EAST,
TORONTO.

in t

MAKE IT THE

DRESSMAKERS

FA VORITE
SPOOL SIL

107

CLOTHING AND FURNISHINGS.

"Tiger Brand" Clothing.

From maker to wearer. Retail Department.

"Tiger Brand" is the best ready-made clothing manufactured in Canada
to-day best in materials best in workmanship best in fit best in
finish equal to the best custom-made clothing at about half the price.

"Tiger Brand caters to the clothing wants of men and boys in all callings
for all seasons and all occasions, from the least expensive work-
a-day suit to the perfectly modelled dress suit from the coarse but
comfortable " Ulster" to the dressiest of " Raglon s," and the Label s

your guarantee for quality.

Your money Back if you want it.

GOURLAY, WINTER & LEEMING.

Gerhard

Heintzman

Pianos

Have honestly earned the praise of

the leading tone-masters of this

country. There is not a note in

the whole range of the key-board

of a GERHARD HEINTZMAN PIANO

but rings true and clear. Our stock embraces all the

Gerhard Heintzman styles and our store is arranged to

facilitate intelligent selection.

COURLAY, WINTER & LEEMING,

188 Yonge Street, TORONTO.

1 08

RUBBER GOODS.

We are manufacturers of all kinds of

Mechanical Rubber Goods, Belting, Packing, Hose, Valves,

Gaskets, Mats and Matting, Clothing, Bicycle Tires,

Solid Rubber Vehicle Tires.

HOSC. "Maltese Cross" Carbolized Rubber Fire Hose, the most durable
hose in the world. Also High Grade Cotton Rubber- Lined Fire Hose.

Maltese Cross" and "Lion" Rubber Boots and Shoes.

The best fitting, best-wearing and most stylish Rubber Footwear manufactured.

The Gutta Percha & Rubber Mfg. Co. of Toronto,

LIMITED.

49-61-63 WEST FRONT STREET,

TORONTO,

Factories :

115-165 WEST LODGE AVE.
124-148 O HARA AVE.

Canada.

The Most Popular Man tie Regiment

Says he "MISSES THE

Imperial
Oxford
Range

More than anything else
he Is compelled
to do without."

When cooking mule back or a lean
horse shank so much depends on a
nice even fire that always answers
to a regulating touch no wonder
the culinary artist of the camp
longs for Canada s favorite range.

Housekeepers all over the Do
minion praise them enthusiastically
we d like you to see them.

For Sale by leading dealers
everywhere.

Tilt GURNF.Y FOUNDRY CO.,
Toronto, Limited,

Montreal.
Winnipeg,
Vancouver.

IO9

AIKENHEAD
HARDWARE

DEALERS IN

FINE ENGLISH CUTLERY,
BUILDERS HARDWARE,

Arctic Refrigerators.

AND

FINE MACHINISTS TOOLS.

6 ADELAIDE STREET EAST,

TORONTO.

Arctics are built of extra
seasoned ash, and of an
tique or natural wood
finish, as desired. The
inside linings are of
heavy galvanized iron
and specially prepared
spruce lumber. The
shelves are adjustable.
The doors are self-lock
ing. It is mounted on
ball-bearing castors.

We make all kindsand
sixes of Refrigerators.
Ask for Catalogue and
Price List, describing
fully our Family, Gro
cers and Butchers de
signs.

Our Guarantee A smaller consumption of ice, the main-
uur ouaranree tenance of a , ower temperature and an

absolutely dry atmosphere, with perfect ventilation.

John Hillock & Co.,

TORONTO, CANADA.

Ontario Lead & Wire Co y,

Limited,

Manufacturers of

Wire Nails,

Barb Wire and Staples,

Lead Shot,

Lead Pipe, Lead Traps,

White Lead and Putty.

DEALERS IN
PLUMBERS SUPPLIES.

Agents for Dominion of Canada for

RONALD S RANGE BOILERS.

Office, 54 and 56 Lombard Street
Works, 55-59 Richmond Street East,

TORONTO.

A. J. SOMERVILLE, President.
C. F. SOMERVILLE, Manager.

The JOHN ABELL
ENGINE -MACHINE WORKS CO.,

TORONTO.

Limited,

ENGINES,
TANKS,
BOILERS,
THRESHERS.

Brand this in your brain:
If it comes from Abell s it s good."

The New ABELL Patent

" Cock o the North" Separator

CROWS OVER ALL COMERS.

I IO

The

Brown Bros.,

STATIONERS,
BOOKBINDERS,

Limited.

Manufacturers of

Account Books ,
Leather Goods,

&C.

51-53
Wellington Street West,

Toronto.

IRolpb, Smitb

& Co.,

40 lUclliiiflton Street TJQest,

{Toronto.

Olitboorapbers, iSnpravers,
Stationers, anfc Embossers.

LITHOGRAPHED LABELS, CALENDARS,

SHOW CARDS, 4.C.
FINELY ENGRAVED COMMERCIAL FORMS

OF ALL KINDS.

VISITING CARDS, NOTE PAPERS,
WEDDING INVITATIONS, SEALS, ic.

IRote papers Embosses witb
IReciimental Crests.

The

Canada

W. G. HARRIS.

Proprietor.

Co.

WILLIAM STREET,
TORONTO, ONT.

MAKE A SPECIALTY OF

Babbit Metals,

Stereotype and Linotype Metals,

1-2 and 1-2 Wire Solder,

Piano Key Leads.

ALSO DEALERS IN

Tin, Lead and Antimony.

Telephone 1729.

Give "OATS "a rest,

AND USE

FARINOSA

BREAKFAST
FOOD.

All Grocers sell it in Packages
15 cents each.

-r-i * Manufactured by

rhe |reland

National Food Co.,

Toronto, Canada.

LIMITED.

MILLERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF
HIGH GRADE BREAKFAST CEREAL FOODS.

I I I

FIRE AND MARINE.

TKHestem
Hssurance
Company.

Tbeafc Office,
Toronto.

CAPITAL $2,000,000.

ASSETS over 2,320,000.

ANNUAL INCOME over . . . 2,500,000.
LOSSES Paid since Organization, over 28,000,000.

HON. GEO. A. COX, PRESIDENT.

J. J. KENNY, C. C. FOSTER,

VICE-PRESIDENT

SECRETARY.

THE DEGREE
OF QUALITY
IN OUR

Bread,
Cakes

and

Pies

Cannot be
measured by
words.

Our Bread is white, light and wholesome.
Our Cakes and Pies are crisp, rich and
of delicious flavor.

Can we supply your table?

The TAIT-BREDIN CO.,

744 and 746 Yonge Street.

Tel. 3133.

Tne NEWEST and BEST FICTION.

Sons of the Morning,"

By EDEN PH1LLPOTTS.

Author of
"Children of the Mist," etc.

Paper, 75C. ; Cloth, $1.50.

"THE GIRL AT THE
HALF-WAY HOUSE,"
By E. HOUGH.

Paper, 750.; Cloth, $1.25.

"ROBERT ORANGE,"

John Oliver Hobbes

Paper, 750., Cloth, Si. 25.

"The Gateless Barrier,"

By LUCAS MALET.
(Chas.Kingsley s eldest daughter]

Paper 750.; Cloth, $1.2;.

"A Daughter of

Witches,
By JOANNA E. WOOD

Paper, 500.; Cloth, $1.00.

Those -who know those two
powerful and convincing books
"Lyin^ Prophets" and "Child
ren of the Mist," will be inter
ested in this new work by the
same author. The same strength
of imagination and vivid Eng
lish characterize "Sons of the
Morning," and mark Mr. Phill-
potts as the natural successor
to Blackmore.

Ontario
19QQ. Mineral
Lands

1900.

"AN EPIC OF THE WEST."

Nothing has been written on
the opening of the West to ex
cel this romance in historic in
terest, and its freshness, vivid
ness, and absorbing interest.
Will appeal to every Canadian
Reader.

The Star says; " l The School
for Saints was good, but Rob
ert Orange, unlike most se
quels, is better ... In sheer
cunning of style, Mrs. Craigie
has surpassed herself in this
exq uisilely wrought romance. 1

The London Academy says :
"There is much to praise in the
book. The portrait of old .
Mr. Rivers is drawn with sym
pathy and genuine power; Vir
ginia, so da/zlingly perfect
within her limits . . is also a
brilliant sketch."

A clever tale by a new Cana
dian writer. The characters
are well drawn and sketched in
a humorous and interesting
manner.

AT ALL BOOKSTORES OR FROM

W. J. GAGE & CO., Toronto, Ont.

Extend 1,100 miles from the St. Law
rence river to the Manitoba Boundary,
and range from 50 to 100 miles wide.
Easily accessible by Water and Railway.
Three-fourths of the area unexplored.
In the first half of this year sales of
locations more than doubled last year s.
Mineral production increasing steadily.
Gold, Copper, Nickel, Iron and Corun
dum discovered over extensive areas.
For Reports, Mining Laws and all in
formation apply to

Hon. E. J. DAVIS, or ARCHIBALD BLUE,

Comr. Crown Lands. Director Bureau of Alines.

TORONTO.

I 12

BEST TONICS TO TAKE.
A

Excelsior

Coffee

AND

Beaver

Chocolate

AS SUPPLIED

The South African Contingent.

TODHUNTER, MITCHELL & @.

Cocoa and Coffee Manufacturers,
TORONTO, CANADA.

Albion

JOHN HOLDERNESS,

Proprietor.

Hotel

Hi 1 1

BATHS AND ALL MODERN CONVENIENCES.

Largest Dining Room in the City.

Accommodation for 300 Guests.
Billiard Parlor.
Electric Bells.

Heated by Steam.
Barber Shop.
Fire Escape.

JARVIS STREET,
TORONTO, ONT., CANADA.

Take Parliament Street Car to East Market Square.

MONUMENTS.

guarantee all our work
to be the very best, and
our prices the most reasonable.

Don Valley
Pressed
A Brick

Trade Mark, "DON."
Registered.

HIGHEST AWARDS IN COMPETITION WITH THE WORLD
AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.

TKe Mclntosh Granite
and Marble Co.,

Limited.

1119 and 1121 YONGE STREET,

(Terminal Yonge Street Car Route)

Telephone

4249.

TORONTO.

Builders of the Scottish Cairn
in Mount Pleasant Cemetery.

RED, BUFF and BROWN
DRY PRESSED BRICKS.

Enamelled Bricks,
Vitrified Pavers,
Brick Mantels.

Head Office :

60 ADELAIDE ST. EAST,

Toronto,

CANADA.

WREYFORD & CO.,

85 King St. West, Toronto.

COMPLETE OUTFITS for all climates.
WOOLEN KHAKI SERGE

as supplied to Imperial Yeomanry.

Woolen Puttees, Money Belts,

CAMELHAIR BLANKETS and

TRAVELLING RUGS.

Maximum Warmth; Minimum Weight.

LADIES GOLF CAPES.

Dr. Jaeger s Sanitary
Woolen Underwear,

TRADE

MARK

5 weights :
Gauze, Summer,
Medium, Winter,

Extra Warm.

10 Sizes or Made to

Measure.

The York County
Loan and Savings Co.

(INCORPORATED)

of Toronto, Canada.

HEAD OFFICE:

Confederation Life Building,

Toronto.

JOSEPH PHILIPS. President.

Caterers,

Weddings,
Collations,
Dinners or
Soirees,

in this or other cities

supplied in

the very best style.

Menus furnished on application.
Chocolates, Bon-Bons and Fancy Ices.

719 Yonge Street, Toronto.

Telephone 3423.

ESTABLISHED 1852.

GILLETTS
GOODS

are the best.

Imperial Baking Powder.
Gilletfs Lye.
Magic Soda.

Magic Baking Powder.

Royal Yeast.

Gilletfs Washing Crystal

114

Novelties and Specialties.

Rankin & (g.

536=550 Dundas Street,

TORONTO.

Phone 5217.

Re-Sawing, Sticking, Matching, Planing,
Bill Stuff, Lath, Shingles, Cedar Posts.

Sash, Doors and Blinds.

Band Sawing, Shaping and Turning.

EXCELSIOR,

LUMBER.
Butchers Skewers, Picture Backing and Mouldings.

Ask us for Prices

On Warehouse Trucks, either stock

or built to order.

Full line of \Yheelbarro\vs and

Lawn Rollers.

EARTH MOVING IMPLEMENTS

Ploughs, Harrows,

Straw and Ensilage Cutters,

Pneumatic Land Rollers,

Turnip Drills, etc., etc.

Wi ite for Catalogue.

THE

Wilkinson Plough Co.

TORONTO JUNCTION. Limited.

FRED. W. SMITH. SID. SMITH.

Established 1843.

Smith firos..

Carriage
Waggon
Works

Toronto Can C

And

Special attention given to
Repairing,
R-e-pairvting and
Trimming.

Cor. Duke and
Parliament Streets.

Manufacturers CANS^SHEET METAL

LORRIES BUILT TO ORDER.

Street Sprinklers and

Fire Appa.ra.tus Specialties.

ROUND AND SQUARE
OIL AND VARNISH CANS.
BAKING POWDER AND
SPICE TINS.

SPECIALTIES.

39 Pearl Street.
AUSTIN & BOEHLER, Proprietors,

Grand s Repository,

53. 55. 57 and 59 Adelaide St. W-,
TORONTO, Canada.

Saddle Horses, Carriage Horses, Family
Horses, Drivers, General Purpose Horses,
Draught Horses, Ponies, etc.

New and Second-hand Carriages, Dog Carts,

Phaetons, Buggies, etc., by the best

manufacturers in the world.

Imported English and Canadian Harness, Sad
dles, Bridles, Rugs, Horse Clothing, Robes, etc.

We keep every Stable Requisite
for Private Sale every day.

Axiction Sales every Tuesday and Friday at 11 o clock.

Established 1856.
Telephone 432.

WALTER HARLAND SMITH. Proprietor.

15he
TORONTO MORTGAGE

COMPANY.

Corner Toronto and Court Streets.

Capital paid up,
Reserve Fund,
Total Assets, .

. $724,540.00

. 250,000.00

. 2,788,468.15

Debentures Issued in Currency and Sterling.
Deposits Received and Interest allowed thereon.
Money to Loan on the Security of Real Estate.

WALTER. GILLESPIE, Manager.
ANDREW J. SOMERVILLE, President.

Telephones 1221 and 972.

THE STANDARD BANK

OF CANADA.

CAPITAL PAID-UP, $1,000,000

RESERVE FUND, 700,000

HEAD OfFICE, TORONTO.

Directors:

W. F. CO WAX, President.
JOHN BURNS, Vice-President.
. ALLAN, FREDERICK WVLD.

WOOD, A. J. SOMERVILLE,

JAS. SCOTT.

Agencies :

Cannington,

Chatham,

Colborne,

I Hii ham,

Forest,

Harriston,

Kingston,

M;irkham,
Parkdale, Toronto.
Picton,

Richmond Hill,
Stouffville.

Ailsa Craij; .
Bow man vine,

Brantford,

Bradford,

Brighton,

Brussels,
Campbellford,

Bankers :

XKW YORK Importers and Traders National Bank.
MONTREAL Canadian Bank of Commerce.
LONDON, ENGLAND National Bank of Scotland.

All banking business promptly attended to.

Correspondence solicited.

GEO. P REID, General Manager.

116

The Locomobile

Is the Only Practical Motor Carriage.
It is Not an Experiment.

It Costs Less than One Cent per Mile to Run it.
Its Speed Depends Only on the Roads.

Manufactured by

The National Cycle
and Automobile Company,

TORONTO, ONT.

All the Leading Lines of Bicycles.

The Total Abstainers Company.

THE TEMPERANCE AND
GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY

Is the Total Abstainers Company in Canada.
It is therefore

The Best Company for
the Best Risks

As they are the best risks.

Every Total Abstainer should consult the
T. & G. before insuring.

Hon. G. W. ROSS, H. SUTHERLAND,

President. Managing Director.

HEADOrPICE: GLOBE BUILDING,
TORONTO.

*"&-

The above is a photograph of one of our Calla Lilies.
We cut 3,571 Lilies from this plant last year.

Call and see our Four Handsome Greenhouses which are
always filled with every variety of Window

and Bedding Out Plants.

Cut Flowers of all kinds for sale at our store.
Designs made to order.

ARTHUR J. FROST,

Retail Store :

1180 QUEEN ST. WEST. Greenhouses:

Preston and Hallam Avenues.

Music

hath

Charms

And so have the
tones of our Pianos,
which sound their
own praisesin sweet
harmonious notes.
The two poles are
not further apart in
distance than fine
and poor instru
ments are in musi
cal quality. Con
cord and discord
are confounded by
constructions
which are pianos
only in form and n:tme. Our Pianos combine a pure,
singing, violin quality, with an unexcelled beauty in
appearance.

Descriptive Catalogue mailed on application.
Inspection solicited.

Tfie NORDHEIMER
PIANO & MUSIC CO.,

Limited.
15 King Street East,

TORONTO.

fmperial

Trusts Co.

M. m

CHURCH STREET,
TORONTO.

Capital,

OF CANADA.

$400,000.00

INTEREST ALLOWED ON MONEY DEPOSITED.
(See particulars below).

DIRECTORS:

S. HOWLAND, Esq., President, Toronto.
J. D. CHIPMAN, Esq., Vice-President,
Vice-President St. Stephen Hank, N.B.

HUGH SCOTT, Esq., Insurance Underwriter.

A. S. IRVING, Esq , Director Ontario Bank.

C. I. CAMPBELL, Esq., late Assistant Receiver-General.

THOMAS WALMSLEY, Esq., Vice-President Queen City

Insurance Company.
H. M. PELLATT, Esq., President Toronto Electric Light

Company.
OWEN JONES, Esq., C.E., London, Eng.

The Company is authori/.ed to act as Trustee, Agent and
Assignee in the case of Private Estates, and also for Public
Companies.

Interest allowed on money deposited at 4 per cent, per
annum compounded half-yearly; if left for three years or
over, 4^ per cent, per annum.

Government, Municipal and other Bonds and Debentures
for sale, paying from 3 to 4^ per cent, per annum.

J. S. LOCKIE, Manager.

THE

TRADERS BANK

OF CANADA.

CAPITAL FULLY PAID,
REST, ....

$I,OOO,OOO.OO
ISO.OOO.OO

Board of Directors:

C. D. WARREN, Esq , President
10HN DRYDKN, Esq., Vice-President
" C. KLOEPFER, Esq., M.P, (Juelph

W. J. THOMAS, Esq.

J. H. BEATTY. Esq.. Thorold.

HON. J. R. STRATTON.

HEAD OFFICE,

TORONTO.

H. S. STRATHY, GENERAL MANAGER.
J. A. M. ALLEY, INSPECTOR.

Branches :

Branch.

Manager. Branch.

Manager.

Arthur . .

N. Ross North Bay

D. Muir.

Aylmer. .

H. P. MacMahon

Orillia

G. Rapley.

Drayton

H. A. Mallory

Port Hope. . .

John L. Willis.

Button.

N. Booker

Ridgetown. . .

. E. E- Newman

Elmira

. J. H Farmer

Sarnia

,.F. J. Winlow.

Glencoe

John Pool

Strathroy.W

Thomson Smith.

Guelph. .
Hamilton .

A. F. H Jones
-Stuart Strathv

St Marys. . .
Sturgeon F s

. .C S. Rumsey.
M. C. Chalmers.

Ingersoll. .

A B. Ord

Sudbury

...N. T. Hillary.

Leamingtoi

i . , . . Jas. Watson

Tilsonburg.

, .E.G. Jackson.

Newcastle.

.W. G. Bryans

Windsor

... .Geo. Mair.

Bankers :

GREAT BRITAIN THE NATIONAL BANK OK SCOTLAND.
NEW YORK THE AMERICAN EXCHANGE NATIONAL BANK.
MONTREAL THE QUEBEC BANK.

Why Not

Get the best laundry service at your hand ?
We have been in the business 25 years.

Why Not

THE

Send your wash here ? Prices are reason
able, and we ll treat you and your laundry

White -^

Parisian Steam Laundry,

OF ONTARIO, Limited.

67 Adelaide Street West,
TORONTO.

E. M. MOFFATT, Manager

STANDARD BRANDS:

Toronto s Pride, - Lily Queen, - "Queen City,"
Majesty, - Monarch, - Parkdale, - Gem, - Tower.

Queen City Mills.

ARCH. CAMPBELL,

Proprietor.

TORONTO JUNCTION,

ONTARIO.

MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN
HIGH PATENT AND FAMILY

FLOUR,

BRAN, MIDDLINGS,
AND ALL KINDS OF GRAIN.

CAPACITY 700 BBLS. DAILY.

CORRECT STYLES AT MODERATE PRICES.

JcS (Soffioine & * fieet,

(2nd West of Leader Lane .

tfe

LADIES TAILORING DEPARTMENT
UNDER COMPETENT MANAGEMENT.

Office Hours -7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Saturdays 7 a.m. to IO p.m.

Telephone 3928.

Brighton
Laundry

7 BLOOR STREET EAST.

Established 1880.

J. A. POFFLEY, Proprietor.

No Need
for Worry.

It is natural that one should feel
worried when their good coat or
trousers have become soiled or
stained.

This may be the case with some
of your military equipment.
But the worry vanishes when you
learn how well we take out stains
or spots from men s clothing
helping everyone to be always
well dressed.
Phone us and we will call for your parcel.

R. PARKER & CO..

Dyers and Cleaners. TORONTO.

Head Office and Works, 787-791 Yonge Street.

Branches:

201 Yonge Street, 59 Kirl K Street West,

471 Queen Street West, 1267 Queen Street West,
277 Queen Street Kast.

Phones 3037, 364O, 2143, IOO4, 5098.

ROBERT BOND,

Carriages
Coupes

and

AT ALL HOURS
DAY OR \IGHT.

Horses Bought and Sold on
Commission.

Fotir-in-Hand Brakes to
carry TO to 20.

PRIVATK TELEPHONES TO PRINCIPAL HOTELS.

Carriage and Coupe Stand :

19 to 27 SHEPPARD STREET,

= Toronto.

Telephones 109 and 979.

119

T5he Bank of Toronto,

CANADA.

Incorporated 1855.

Directors :

GEO. GOODERHAM, Esq., Toronto, President.
W. H. BEATTY, Esq.. Toronto, Vice President.

W. G. GOODKRHAM, Esq., Toronto.

HKNRY CAWTIIRA, Esq., Toronto.

ROBERT REFORD, Esq, Montreal.

GKO. J. COOK, Esq., Toronto.

CHARLES STUART, Esq., Port Hope.

Head Office, - - Toronto.

DUNCAN COULSON, General Manager.
JOSEPH HENDERSON, Inspector.

Branches :

Toronto, Montreal,

do King St. W. Br. do Point St. Charles Br.

Barrie, Gananoque, Port Hope,

Brockville, London, St. Catharines,

Cobonrg, Peterboro Stayner,

Collingwood, Petrolia, Rossland, B.C.

Paid-up Capital,
Reserve Fund, .

$2.000,000
1,900.000

Current Accounts opened on the usual terms, and careful

attention given to the business of the Bank s customers.
Drafts issued upon all the Branches of the liank, or upon

correspondents available at any Banking town in the

Dominion of Canada.
Drafts issued, available at any place in the United States,

or in Great Britain and Ireland.
Letters of Credit issued for use of travellers in Great

Britain or on the Continent.
Commercial Credits issued for use in all parts of the

world,
Collections Special attention given to the collection of

commercial paper throughout Canada and all parts of

the world.

DEPOSITS.

DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS opened subject to withdrawal by cheque
on demand.

SPECIAL DEPOSITS. Deposit Receipts issued bearinginterest

at current rates.
SAVINGS DEPOSITS. Deposits of Five Dollars and upwards

received and interest allowed thereon.

BANKERS:

LONDON, ENG. -The London City and Midland Bank, Limited.

NEW YORK -National Bank of Commerce.

CHICAGO First National Bank.

MANITOBA, BRITISH COLUMBIA and NEW BRUNSWICK -

Bank of British North America.
NOVA SCOTIA Union Bank of Halifax, Peoples Bank of Halifax

ENAMELED WARE

"DIAMOND," "GRANITE STEEL,"
PEARL" AND " WHITE " ENAMELED WARES.

When purchasing your Enameled Ware be sure and
see that our label is on every piece, as this ensures
perfect satisfaction.

Every piece guaranteed not to chip or burn.

We also manufacture all kinds and styles of TIN=
WARE and House Furnishing Goods.

KEMP MANUFACTURING CO.,

TORONTO.

1 20

St. Margaret s College,

TORONTO.

A BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL
FOR GIRLS.

ONLY TEACHERS OF THE HIGHEST ACADEMIC
AND PROFESSIONAL STANDING EMPLOYED.

A Fall Academic Coarse,

A Fall Musical Course,
A Full Art Course,

A Full Domestic Science Course.

MODERN CLASS-ROOM EQUIPMENTS, jt **
LARGE LAWNS FOR TENNIS AND BOWLS.

FOR PROSPECTUS APPLY TO

MRS. GEORGE DICKSON, Lady Principal.

Mrs. Bishop Miss Alexander
COSTUMING

AND

MILLINERY,

have extensively enlarged and improved
their premises at

406 AND 408
YONGE STREET.

a.nd with the facilities at their comma.nd.
a.re in a better position tha.n ever to give
their pa.trons their greatest attention.

BEST GRADES

COAL AND WOOD.

The Provincial

Building and Loan

Association.

Authorized Capital $5,000,000.

HEAD OFFICE, 6 KING STREET EAST.
BRANCHES THROUGHOUT CITY.

CONGER COAL CO.,

LIMITED.

Our revised plans are now complete and copy of pamphlet
may be had on application.

PERMANENT STOCK PAR VALUE $100 PER SHARE.

Interest 6% per annum payable half-yearly on
ist January and ist July.

DEBENTURE BONDS $100 EACH.

Interest =% per annum payable half-yearly on

ist October and ist April. Issued for

periods of from one to ten years.

TOTAL ASSETS under sworn valuation $1,620,000 on which
we loan $710,050.00, or 43, 8 10",,.

THOS. CRAWFORD, M.P.P., President.
ALD. JOHN DUNN, - - Vice-President.
E. C. DAVIES, - Jfsatagioe Director.

Temple Building,
Full particulars furnished. Toronto, Ont.

121

THE ONTARIO BANK.

Capital Paid-up $1,000,000.00

Rest ------- 200,000.00

Profit and Loss Account 17,687.27

HRAD OFFICK, - TORONTO.

DIRECTORS:

G. R. R. Cockburn, Esq., President.

IXinald Mackay, Esq., Vice-President.

A. S. Irving , Esq. Hon. J. C. Aikins.

IX Ullyot, Esq. R. D. Perry, Eq. J. Hallam, Esc|.

Charles McGill, General Manager.

BRANCHES:

Alliston, Kingston,

Aurora, Lindsay,

Bowmanville, Montreal,

Buckingham, Que. Mount Forest,

Peterboro,
Port Arthur,
Sudbury,
Tweed,

Cornwall, Newmarket,

Fort William. Ottawa,

Toronto Scott and Wellington Streets.

" Cor. Queen and Portland Streets.

" Yonge and Richmond Streets.

AGENTS:

London, Eng. Parr s Bank, Limited. France and
Europe Credit Lvonnais. New York Fourth National
Bank and the Agents Bank of Montreal. Boston Eliot
National Bank.

WHOLtSALE...

Boots, Shoes and Rubbers,

THE

OLDEST

HOUJE.

THE
NEWEST

15-17 front St. L, TORONTO.

FENSOM S

ELEVATORS.

N. L. PIPER.
RAILWAY SUPPLY Co..

Electric.
Hydraulic.
Steam.
Hand Power.

COMBINING:
Safety,
Speed,
Economy

and
Good Workmanship.

LIMITED.

314 FKONT .STREET WEJT.
TORONTO, ONT.

EVERYTHING FIRST-CLASS AND
UP-TO-DATE.

j
50-56 Duke Street, TORONTO.

MANUFACTURER.* OF

.SHIP LAMPS, RAILWAY .SIGNALS
AND LAMPS, ELECTRIC STREET
RAILWAY LAMPS AND SIGNALS,

LIGHTHOUSE SIGNALS AND LAMPJ,
ETC., ETC.

}2 2

Be on
Your

Guard!

KIDNEY

THE BEST is always imitated.

Dodd s Kidney Pills, sold only
o in boxes like ihis, are widely
o imitated, I ccause they are the
o best Kidney cure. Take none

Front Rank Right Guide

is the position of the KING
QUALITY Shoe in the army
of shoes for men.

IT FITS WELL,
WEARS LONG,
LOOKS NICE.

THE . . .

J. D. KING CO.,

TORONTO. Limited.

MILITARY SUPPLIES

CHOICE FLOWERS.

OUR SPECIALTY.

We can supply you with everything
called for in the regulation equipment.

carry a large and extra
fine stock of all
seasonable varieties,
and our prices are
always reasonable.

Saddlery and Accoutrements,
Officers Outfits. . . .

ADAMS BROS.,

176 and 178 King Street East,

TORONTO.

Choice Roses, Fancy Carnations,

Lily of the Valley, Violets,

Orchids, etc.

DUNLOP,

5 King St. West, 445 Yonge St.,

TORONTO.
Send for descriptive price list.

PURE GOLD 1

Jelly Powder,

QUICK DESSERT.

Flavoring
Extracts,

TRUE TO NATURE.

Baking Powder,

HIGH GRADE ONLY.

AT YOUR. GROCER-S.

^k&gt;.

******#*#**#** #**#

THE T "W T

| a. s. Williams \

Sons Co., :

* MANUFACTURERS

* OF

J H/CH CL/1SS

Limited.

PIANOS

AND

\" The Echo" and "Artist

" :

Stringed Instruments.

Dealers in Band Instruments,
Bagpipes, and Musical Mer
chandise of all descriptions.
Catalogues Free.

The R. S. Williams & Sons Co., &lt;

W i ;,;* v T

TORONTO.

Limited. +

IN USE EVERYWHERE.

* * *

SAFFORD

RADIATORS

FOR HOT WATER AND
A STEAM HEATING. A

Send for Free Book.

e Dominion Radiator (Q.

TORONTO. LIMITED.

The lamest Radiator Manufacturers under the British Flag.

THE

MERCANTILE
AGENCY

R. G. DUN & CO.

HEAD OFFICE: Established 1841.

290 Broadway, HEW YORK.

AND ISO BRANCH OFFICES IN THE PRINCIPAL CITIES

OF THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, EUROPE

AND AUSTRALIA.

CANADIAN OFFICES AT

TORONTO, HALIFAX, HAMILTON,

LONDON, OTTAWA,

ST. JOHN, NELSON,

WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER,

QUEBEC,

MONTREAL,

VICTORIA.

124

ROBERTSON S PAINTS

READY MIXED

PRESERVE and ADORN

BOTH WOOD
AND METAL

Whether Houses, Barns,
Wagons, or Implements.
Cover them with our Paint
and they will wear longer
and look better. : : : : :

Send for Color Card.

The JAMES ROBERTSON CO.,

Limited.
TORONTO.

IDenzie -Turner,

Limited.

Manufacturers of

Window Shades,

Curtain Poles and Fixtures,

Picture Frames and

Room Mouldings,

Stair Plates.

Moulding- Hooks,

Shade Pulls, Drapery Pins and

Art \Yood Work.

Catalogues and Price Lists furnished on application.
Trade Only.

Offices and Salesrooms, 80 BAY STREET,
Factories, KING STREET SUBWAY,

Toronto.

The
R. Laidlaw Lumber Co.,

Wholesale Dealers in

LUMBER,
LATH *
SHINGLES.

700 King Street West,

Toronto.

The Northey Gas and Gasoline Engine

Is the most successful example of a
handy, inexpensive power in the market.
Can be managed by anyone uses either
Gas, Natural Gas or Gasoline for fuel-
inexpensive to run absolutely safe. Uses
fuel in proportion to work done. : : : : :

The ideal motor for an intermittent or inexperienced power user.
Send for Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue.

NORTHEY, TORONTO

Northey Pumps for Every Duty.

We are manufacturers of over five hundred differ
ent types of pumps for stationary and marine duties.
Our Pumps are the Standard in Canada for up-to-
date features and general excellence. Catalogue
showing- stock sizes, also specifications for any
special tvpe of pump sent on request.

The Northey -Co., Toronto.

\--l SSMEXT SYSTKM.

ORONHYATEKHA, M.D., J.P.

SUPREME CHIEF RANGER

I O. F.

The Cardinal Points

Of the l.O.F. System on which

its success has been established :

Liberal Policy,
Equitable Methods,
Capable Management,
Prompt Settlement of Claims,
No Assessments at Death.

FuH information regarding the I. O. F. System of
Fraternal Assurance can be obtained from any officer or
member.

HEAD OFFICE, TEMPLE BUILDING,

TORONTO.

...Branch Offices in...

CHICAGO, ILL.: LONDON, ENGLAND; PARIS, FRANCE;
CALCUTTA, INDIA ; MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA.

ORONHYATEKHA, M.D , J.P., JOHN A MCGILLIVR AY, Q.C..
S C. R., TORONTO. S.S.TORONTO.

John Macdonald & Co.,

WHOLESALE...

Dry Goods.

x+++++4-******+.M-++++++++-|........|.jc

G. O. ROCHE, |

DEALER. IN +

! Milk, !

* +

| Jersey Cream, !

+ J
I Fresh Bvitter,

! Bxittermilk, j

I Etc. !

TELEPHONE 2312.
| J

165 John St., |

| TORONTO. |

+ j

Men s Furnishings, Woollens,
Haberdashery and
Carpets.

^N^\
WELLINGTON AND FRONT STS. E.,

TORONTO.

126

THE...

Life Assurance

Company of Canada.

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL,
$1,000,000.00.

HEAD OFFICE:
TEMPLE BUILDING, TORONTO.

H S. HOWLAND,

PRESIDE NT.

R. H MATSON.

MANAGING DIRECTOR.

F. SPARLING, SECRETARY.

Dominion Paper Box Co.

MANUFACTURERS

AND...

IMPORTER. .5,

ADELAIDE .STREET WE.ST, I OKONTO.

OUR..

GIVES PERFECT SATISFACTION.

It is as clear as crystal and free from specks,
weeds or snow.

All our ice is from Lake Simcoe, especially
prepared for home use and delivered as directed
by courteous and oblig in^ men.

NOTE. We are the only dealers in Toronto
who have always handled Lake Simcoe ice ex
clusively.

PHONES

i 1947.
i 2933.

BELLE EWART ICE CO.,

LOOK FOR
YELLOW WAGGHS S.

HeaJ Office.

18 Melinda St., TORONTO.

A. A. BARTHELMES & CO.,

89-91 Wagara St.,
-- TORONTO, CANADA.

PIANO

ACTIONS.

S. TIDY & SON,

florists

ORDERS BY MAIL OR
WIRE PROMPTLY

ATTENDED TO.

HIGHEST AWARD
THE WORLD S FAIR.

Used by all High Grade
Canadian Piano Manufacturers.

All kinds of Floral Work and Decorations
executed in an artistic manner and style.

rLILI HONE 2089

Store and Conservatory,
75 KINO STREET WEST.

TELEPHONE 679.

J. YOUNG,

ALEX. MILLARD),

UNDERTAKER AND EMBALMER.

359 YONGE STREET,

PRIVATE MORTUARY TORONTO.

Established 1815.

Geo. C. Rogers. Manager.

COMPANY,

to JAMES H. ROGERS,

Manufacturers of

FINE FURS,

Importers of

HATS.

COR.. KING AND

CHURCH JTREET.S,

TORONTO.

BRITISH

LINIMENT,

A Soothing and Healing Vegetable Compound.
Useful for Man or Beast.

Cures cuts, burns, sprains, stiff joints, painful
swellings, contracted cords, rheumalism, bites and
stings of insects, croup, quinsy, etc.

For domestic animals it is invaluable for corks
kicks, cuts, ringbone, calloused lumps, enlarged glands,
colic, scours, etc.

PRICE 25c. A LARGE BOTTLE AT ALL DRUGGISTS.

I British American
Business College. 1

A
A
A
A
A
A
A

^
*

A business course is the round-up for practical J

life what success is to be reached in the future A
will depend much on it.

The forty-one years record of this college, ^

with its important improvements and growth, *

suggests a school where neither parents, guardians A
or students will be disappointed.

BOOK-KEEPING, STENOGRAPHY,
TYPEWRITING, PENMANSHIP,
BUSINESS LAW and ADVERTISING.

Handsome prospectus for the asking.

BRITISH AMERICAN
BUSINESS COLLEGE,

Y. M. C. A. BUILDING,

COR. YONGE AND McGILL STS.,

DAVID HOSKINS,

Chartered Accountant, Principal.

TORONTO.

A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A

A
A
*
/IS
/!\
/!S
*
A
A
A

J. H. WILSON, TELEPHONE A. H. RICHARDSON.

PRESIDENT. ..flia.. iEC T-TREAS.

THE

JOHN RITCHIE

PLUMBING AND

EiTABLIJIIED 1657.

INCORPORATED IO*&gt;5.

HEATING Co.,

64-66 ADELAIDE STREET EAIT,
TORONTO.

PLUMBING, .STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING,

COMBINATION GA.S AND ELECTRIC

CHANDELIERI.

The latest specialties in Sanitary Appliances and Heating

Apparatus, Pendants, Globes, Shades, Brackets, etc.,

in great variety.

REMODELLING OLD WORK A iPECIALTT.

JMOKX TESTING

APPLIED TO DEFECTIVE PLUMBING ON APPLICATION.

BOOKBINDING

FOR THE TRADE
IS OUR SPECIALTY.

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
HOUSES FIND IT TO THEIR AD
VANTAGE TO HAVE US DO
THEIR WORK.

WE CAN GIVE YOU SOMETHING
TASTY AND ARTISTIC.

WE CAN DO IT PROMPTLY FOR
YOU.

CALL AND SEE US.

Wilson, Munroe & Cassidy,

MANUFACTURING BOOKBINDERS,

28 Front Street W., TORONTO.

128

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Full text of "The 48th Highlanders of Toronto : Canadian militia : the origin and history of this regiment and a short account of the Highland regiments from time to time stationed in Canada. --"

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