The 5th regiment : Royal Scots of Canada Highlanders : a regimental history

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THE 5th REGIMENT

Royal Scots of

Canada

Highlanders

A REGIMENTAL HISTORY

BY

CAPTAIN ERNEST J. CHAMBERS, (CORPS OF Guides)

AUTHOR OF THE

Histories of ttie 1st Prince of Wales Regiment,

3rd (Montreal) Field Battery, 2nd Queen's Own Rifles, The Governor-General's

Body Guard, The 43rd Duke of Cornwall's Own Rifles

the Montreal Highland Cadet Battalion, etc.

K

(j^:

LT.-COLONEL HON. ROBERT MACKAY

Honorary Lt.-Colonel 5th Royal Scots of Canada

REV J, EDGAR HILL, M.A., D.D.

Chaplain 5th Royal Scots of Canada

THE GUERTIN PRINTING COM
MOM TREAI-

BRIGHT thinker and writer (Niebuhr) once wrote : "A nation cannot possess
a nobler treasnre than the nnbroken chain of a long and brilliant history."
While this is unquestionably the case with nations, it is quite as true with
regard to military organizations.

It perhaps takes one who has performed military service to appreciate
the full significance of corps pride and corps love, but every civilian is able
to form some idea of the extent to which those qualities exist in the com-
position of the really good soldier, and of the value placed upon them by those best able
to judge. Corps pride, resulting from an abiding affection for and admiration of the
regiment in which their own military lives and those of many beloved and honored
comrades have been spent, and a fixed determination that disgrace shall never fall
upon the venerated organization through any act of theirs, has led soldiers — officers, as
well as men in the ranks, to perform the most noble deeds of daring which illumine the
annals of the various military services in the world. The record of these acts of
devotion is written in characters so large that he who runs may read. Every great
military commander has placed himself on record as appreciating the practical im-
portance of fostering this powerful military virtue of corps pride.

Lord VVolsely in that invaluable manual "The Soldier's Pocket Book" devotes
several pages (3, 4, 5 and 6) of the opening chapter to emphasizing the value of military
spirit and corps pride in the soldier. His Lordship in this connection remarks : "His-
torical traditions and established customs effect the character of regiments more than
might be imagined by those who draw their idea of our service from His Majesty Re-
gulations No man who knew soldiers or their peculiar way of thinking, or who was

acquainted with the many little trifles that go to make up pride of regiment, and that
form as it were the link between it and discipline, would ever deprive a soldier of any
peculiarity that he prided himself on, without having some overpowering reason for

doing so The soldier is a peculiar animal that can alone be brought to the highest

efficiency by inducing him to believe that he belongs to a regiment which is infinitely

superior to the others around him Make a man proud of himself and of his corps,

and he can always be depended upon."

In Scottish regiments particularly, corps pride has always been conspicuous, for
the Scottish mind will always resent that vicious and sophisticated scepticism which
would rob us of the accumulated inheritance of past deeds, and it is the remembrance of
past deeds, and the spirit of emulation they arouse, that is the very foundation of your
true corps pride.

There has never been a lack of praiseworthy corps pride in the 5th Roj'al Scots
of Canada ; but I humbly hope, that this modest historj' of the regiment will assist to
some extent in stimulating and sustaining that spirit. I would like to state that my
primary object in preparing the series of Canadian regimental histories it has been ni}'
privilege to write, has been to produce books which will preserve facts about the organiza-
tion of our existing militia organizations which should be preserved in the interests of
national history, and which will, at the same time, prove beneficial to the country by
helping to sustain a necessary, wholesome, national military spirit ; and useful to the
corps directly concerned by setting forth in a shape which is available to all ranks, of
the facts connected with the past history of their regiments.

The record of the Royal Scots is, as far as the records of Canadian militia
organizations go, a long one. It is also an honorable one. Compared with regular
organizations, the Royal Scots have not had much active service to perform, but the
regiment has always been ready when wanted, and upon such occasions has done its
duty well.

As far as possible, in preparing this history, I have drawn upon official records,
and acknowledged historical authorities, and I have to express my deep sense of obliga-
tion for assistance rendered me and papers placed at my disposal by Lieut-Col. Ibbotson,
Lieut-Col. Carson, Col. John Macpherson, Major Kenneth Campbell and Major H. H.
Lyman. To Colonel Macpherson, who furnished some useful information regarding
the old Montreal Highland Company, and to Major Campbell who prepared a series of
invaluable memoranda on the old Montreal Light Infantery, the 5th Royal Light
Infantry, and the 5th Royal Fusileers, I am especially indebted.

ERNEST J. CHAMBERS.
Montreal, February 29th, 1904.

CHAPTER I.

Montreal Militia of the Olden Days.

HERE appears to have always
been a martial spirit prevail-
ing among the population of
Montreal. Considering that
the original settlement was a
military one, that its first gov-
ernor, de Maisonneuve, was a
valiant soldier, and that for
many years the whole male
population had to hold thsm-
selves ready to defend their set-
tlement, and all that they held dear, against the attacks
of the prowling savage, it is not surprising that the
military spirit prevailed in the original hamlet of Ville
Marie. When the hamlet had grown into a village of
fair size, and outlying settlements and judicious treaties
kept the war parties of Iroquois at a distance, frequent
military expeditions against the English colonies stimu-
lated the military spirit of the population. Tlien came
Wolfe's victory at Quebec followed a- year later by the
climax of French disaster in North America, the capitu-
lation of Montreal, and the surrender of the French army.
The allegiance of the people was transferred from the
fleur-de-lys to the Union Jack, but the military spirit
remained.

With the whole continent of North America under
one flag, and with the people engrossed in commercial
pursuits, it looked as though the military spirit in
Montreal, and every where else in this part of the globe,
might disappear, and without being mis.sed. Then came
the great cleaveage of the American Revolution; and the
men of Montreal, with the rest of the people of Canada,
have since found ample opportunity for the exercise of
their military spirit in presenting a staunch barrier to
republican aggression, more or less openlv threatened, or
actually attempted.

The visible sign of the existence of the military spirit
in Canada to-day is the active militia, and no section of
the Canadian people has had a more prominent or more
honorable connection with the development of Canada's
splendid national defensive force than the popidation of
Montreal.

For the inception of the force which has won for
Canada her most cherished laurels, and which has done
so much to preserve this half of the continent as a part
of the Briti-sh Empire, we must go back to the days im-
mediately succeeding the capitulation of Montreal The
city capitidated to C.eneral Amherst's army .September
8th, 1760, and the possession of Canada was confirmed to

Britain by the treaty of Paris, signed on the loth of
May, 1763. Within eleven days of the capitulation steps
were taken towards the organization of the first British
Canadian militia in the Province of Quebec.

September the 19th, 1760, Colonel Haldimand, who
had been appointed the first British military governor of
Montreal, was instructed to assemble the militia of the
district who had served under the French regime, and
order them to surrender their arms as a mark of their
submission, which being done, the arms wotdd be restor-
ed to them or placed in an armory, and the officers,
after taking the oath of allegiance, rccommissioned.

The enrollment of the militia of New France, under
the old regime, was accomplished by the aid of the
Feudal law of Fiefs, which obliged every man in the col-
ony, the noblesse excepted, to enroll himself in the mili-
tia, and provided for the appointment of a captain in
every parish, who was responsible to the Governor
for the drill and good order of his men. When the
French governors of the colony wanted the services of
the militia as soldiers, the colonels of the militia, the
seigneurs, or the town majors, on receipt of a requisi-
sition from the governor, sent orders to the several cap-
tains of the militia in the country parishes to furni.sh a
certain number of militiamen chosen by those officers,
who conducted them to the Town Major, who in turn
issued to the men their arms and equipment. Thus
were raised the serviceable levies of Canadian militiamen
who covered them.selves with glory in many desperate
campaigns against Iroquois, English, New Englanders
and Virginians.

The British army officers, in taking steps to recom-
mission the old French militia officers had no idea
of utilizing their services to raise by the old system of
conscription a military force for the defence of the colo-
ny. As a matter of fact, with the whole continent under
the British flag, and with the British navy triumphant
upon the sea, there apjjeared no necessity for the raising
of a defensive force in Canada.

The sole object of the British army officers was to
secure the services of the officers and non-commisioned
officers of the old French Militia in their civil capacities.

When the officers of the British army found them-
selves the masters of Canada the first problem they
were called upon to face was to provide for the adminis-
tration and government of the conquered country. The
inclination of the generals was towards a military ad-
ministration, but with the national instinct for govern-

8

Sih ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

ineiit they realized that for even a temporary system of
administration to succeed it must possess the sympathy
of the governed and not conflict vi'ith their national cus-
toms. The French Cane.dians had become accustomed to
exactly the form of srovernment the officers of the Brit-
ish army could imderstand and appreciate — a military
system — and they did not take long to decide to trj- and
perpetuate it and secure the co-operation of the old co-
lonial ofFicials in carrying on the government of the
country. Under the old French regime, the administra-
tion of municipal affairs, and the interpretation of the
local laws were in the hands of the militia officers. They
were the mayors, coimcillors, district judges, tax collec-
tors, road inspectors and surveyors; their sergents acted
as foremen of the public works, constables, bailiffs, criers
and general court officers.

It was in the execution of these important civil func-
tions that the services of the first militia in this prov-
ince under British rule were called into requisition. In
each of the three districts of Montreal, Three Rivers and
Quebec, into which the province was divided by the first
military government, several courts of justice were es-
tablished, composed of militia officers of the coimtry,
who decided cases brought before them in a siunmary
way, with an appeal to a court composed of officers of
His Majesty's army. Thus the administration of the
French laws, the continuance of which, pending the nego-
tiations of a treaty, had been promised to the conquered
people at the capitulation of Montreal, was placed in
the hands of those considered to be the best versed in
their intricacies.

In a letter written tipon his retirement from the
governorshi]) of the district of Montreal, October 1763,
General Thomas Gage, addressed a letter to "Messrs. les
Capitaines de la Chambre de Milice de Montreal" in
which he expressed the satisfaction that he had always
derived from their conduct during the time he had held
office.

Shortly after the date upon which this letter was
written, the treaty of Paris, finally ceding Canada to
Britain having been in the meantime negotiated, and
some of the western Indian tribes threatening to cause
trouble, an effort was made to raise a force af militia
for military purposes. The first attempt was not pro-
mising, for on March 25th, 1764, Colonel Haldimand, then
military governor of Montreal, wrote to his predecessor,
General Gage, then Commander-in-Chief in America, stat-
ing that he had experienced great difficulties in recruiting
the militia force considered necessary for the defence of
the newly acquired colony. He reported, however, that
he had succeeded in enrolling a few militiamen and had
given the command to M. de Monti/ambert, with M. dc
Richeville and a Mr. Smith as lieutenants.

Shortly before this date, to be exact, on October 7,
1763, British civil government had been proclaimed in
Canada, and notice was given of the cancellation of the
existing French laws. For the time being, failing the

proclamation of new laws, nianv of the old ones were
continued in force in accordance with the maxim that a
conquered people retain their ancient custoins till tiie
conciiieror shall declare new laws.

So practically the military administration continued
for some time subsequently to the proclamation of civil
government. New laws to meet all the existing local
conditions could hardly be expected to be produced at
once. The old population of the colony rather favored a
continuation of the military rule. Being a brave and
military people, immured to war and military discipline,
they had taken kindly to military rule, but the gradual-
ly growing British civilian population did not like it,
and one of the objects of the proclamation of 1763 was
to encourage a larger British immigration into the pro-
vince. The proclamation established the English criminal
law, but recognized the ancient customs and civil laws
of New France. For the interpretation of these the ad-
ministration continued to avail themselves of the services
of some of the tribunals composed of militia officers. At
this time there was considerable uncertainty as to the
limitations of the two systems of judicature and there
was much overlapping of systems and inany disputes as
to procedure, etc. Friction arose, and more or less
local ill-feeling was gradually consolidated into a wave
of national discontent. The authorities found themselves
too much occupied otherwise to find time to draft a
new militia law. But the critical state of affairs due to
Pontiac's conspiracy develojiing ominously in the far
west, steps were taken for the raising of a special service
corps of Canadian militia to consist of five companies of
sixty men each, to be raised, two com]):inies in the gov-
ernment of Montreal, two in that of Quebec and one in
that of Three Rivers. The order authorizing the raising
of these companies stated that they would be under the
command of Canadian officers, and it was considered ne-
cessary to add:— "Only those who, of their own free will,
are determined to become subjects of His Majesty will
be enrolled in these companies."

After detailing the conditions of service, the order
continued:— "Such a step (the enrollment of the com-
panies) indicates in the government confidence in the
subjects of His Majesty. We are in the right in expect-
ing that they will not only enroll readily, but will show
great faithfulness to fulfill their engagements wherever
they may be placed by circumstances and for the good
of the service. They should act as much through honor
and duty as through gratitude and through zeal in their
own interest." Each volunteer was to receive a bounty
of twelve dollars, and pay at the rate of six English
pence a day, of course with rations and supplies. Vo-
lunteers were required to enlist for the campaign, and on
enlistment they were entitled to an issue of one coat,
two pairs of Indian moccasins and a pair of mitts.

The part taken by these Canadian companies in the
suppression of the Indian uprising is a matter of general
history.

LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN CARSON
Commanding Officer 5tln Royal Scots of Canada

lO

Sfh ROYAL SCOTS OF C AX ADA

Meantime the political troubles in this province had
been developing. The interests of the French Canadians
or "The King's new subjects," as they came to be known,
clashed more and more with those of "The King's old
subjects," or the new English speaking settlers. It was
perhaps hardly to be expected that a thorough under-
standing between conquerors and conquered would spon-
taneously develop.

Troubles arose among other things as to the valid-
ities of the old French militia commissions, some of the
old functionaries persisting in performing the fimctions of
their offices in virtue of the army orders providing for
the continuation of the old French commissions on the
compliance of the holders with the trifling conditions
imposed. An ordinance was consequently proclaimed
November 27, 1765, reading as follows:— "Whereas sever-
al captains of the militia former!}^ established in this
province, and afterwards continued until the establish-
ment of Civil Government within the same, pretend
that their commissions and former authority of captains
of militia still continue and arc in force, notwithstanding
no ordinance of His Excellency the Governor in Council
has ever been made for establishing or continuing them
in office, and whereas the keeping up of a militia in this
province at this juncture is not necessary: be it therefore
ordained and declared by the authorities aforesaid that
on the establishment of British Civil Government in this
province, the militia before that time established in the
same was thereby abolished and taken away to all in-
terests and purposes whatsoever, and all power and au-
thority derived from them, or which any person or per-
sons whatsoever might claim or pretend to claim bv
force or in virtue of any commission or other authority
therein, did thereforeward cease, and was thereby annull-
ed and taken away, and any person or persons what-
soever acting or pretending to act under any commis-
sion or authority therein, was and were thereby and by
means thereof dismissed and discharged from the same
accordingly."

Gradually the former militia officers were relieved of
their civil functions as civil magistrates, and other func-
tionaries were appointed.

The attempts to summarily abolish the established
system of government and the jurisprudence of the
country, and the substitution therefor of a British system
and British laws, might, at the time, have appeared to
the country's new rulers to be not merely expedient but
really humane, but it certainly, for a time, kept cruelly
aggravated the very natural suspicion as to the gen-
erous intentions of their conquerors felt by the patient
but high-spirited Canadian people. To interpret the
English laws, and to enforce the English system of ad-
ministration, English officials were naturally preferred,
and they were guilty of some favoritism to their own
kindred. The French militia officers and official class
generally found themselves deposed and replaced by
strangers. The change was naturally a galling one, and

some of the old military element began to agitate for
admission into the British .service. Army officers were
nothing loth to avail themselves of the excellent military
material in the province, and April 4, 1771, Colonel Ro-
bertson, Quartermaster-General, wrote to Colonel Haldi-
mand from New York about a plan for enrolling two
regiments in Canada to be officered by young Canadians
of good family.

In 1773 a memorial was sent to the King by a few
of the seigneurs and burgesses claiming a right to parti-
cipate in all public employments military and civil.

Actuated by a desire to conciliate the Canadians in
view of the revolutionary agitation in the older English
colonies, and in the hope of removing all reasonable cause
of com])laint, the British House of Commons in 1774
passed the Quebec Act, which extended the boundaries
of the province from Labrador to the INIississippi, and
from the Ohio to the watershed of Hudson Bay, abolish-
ed Roman Catholic disability, confirmed the tithes to
the Roman Catholic clergy, but exempted Protestants
from pa3'ment, re-established the French civil code and
the se<gnonal tenure, confirmed the English criminal
code, and vested authority in a governor and an appoint-
ed council. This act, while received with gratification by
the French Canadian seigneurs and clergy, greatly dis-
pleased the mass of the French Canadian people, the
English-speaking colonists in Canada and the people of
the older English colonies. The grievance was that the
act unduly discriminated in favor of the French gentry
in Canada and the Roman Catholic Church.

When the old colonies of Great Britain in North
America broke into open revolt and proceeded to inaug-
urate their military career by despatching the expeditions
of Arnold and Montgomery into Canada to effect the
conquest of the recently acquired provinces, the situa-
tion Sir Guy Carleton, the Governor of Canada, was
called upon to face, was an extremely critical one. Ac-
cording to Allison the whole military force of the Em
pire of every description did not amount to 20,000 men,
and the army of occupation in Canada had been reduced
to a perilously insignificant force. The population of
Canada consisted very largely of colonists of French
blood, and a considerable proportion of the English
speaking population of Montreal had come from the older
English colonies and in man}- cases were in sympathy
with the revolutionary movements in Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, the Carolinas,
Pennsylvania and Virginia.

Sir Guy Carleton, the Governor, was well aware of
his weakness, with a considerable part of the population
of Montreal disaffected, and the population of the sur-
rounding districts indifferent. He decided to do his best
to extemporize some sort of a militia force, but the re-
sult was not by any means promising.

The French Canadian peasants, who formed immea-
surably the largest jiart of the jjopulation, were uncer-
tain of the benefits supposed to accrue to them under the

LIEUT.-COLONEL G. W. CAMERON, D. S. 0.
Seconded for Service, South Africa, January 25th, 1902

12

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

Quebec Act. Bishop Briand, of Quebec, and his clerg}-
used every effort to l<eep tlie people loyal, but the grip
of the clergy on the French Canadian people appeared to
be weaker at this time than it ever had been previously
or than it has ever been since. Some of the restive spirit
which later produced the French revolution appeared to
have been transplanted from the banks of the Seine to
those of the St. Lawrence. The priests had accepted the
new government too readily for some of their people,
and were too friendly with the officers of the army and
the government. The peasants, all over the province,
openly espoused the cause of the invaders, apparently
rendering the way easy for them for the conquest of the
wnole colony except Quebec, for there were scarcely any
regular troops in the province. The Governor, Sir Guy
Carleton, appealed to the seigneurs, and the people re-
sented the latters' interference. The people of Terrebonne
seigneury, near Montreal, not only refused to fight for
Britain, but armed themselves and drove their seigneur,
M. La Corme, into Montreal, when he tried to enroll
them. M. Deschambaud, in his seigneury on the Riche-
lieu, drew his sword in anger when his people refused to
take up arms, and they beat him unmercifully for his
demonstration. Three thousand of them armed them-
selves and marched in threatening array towards Cham-
bly and St. Johns, garrisoned by detachments, and it
required con.siderable diplomacy to induce them to dis-
band without attacking both places. The people of Ber-
thier not merel}' drove their seigneur out for trying to
enlist them on the government's side, but took a solemn
oath that they would not only never take up arms
against the Continental invaders but would burn the
properties of any who did.

The French Canadians in the vicinity of St. Johns
openly .sympathized with the invaders, while towards the
end of the seige of that place the attitude of the whole
population of the Richelieu valley became so openly
hostile to the British that Chambly, lower down the
river, held by a small force, was evacuated and aband-
oned to the enemj' with large stores of arms, ammuni-
tion and military clothing on October l8. In spite of the
discouragement produced by the spread of disloyalty in
certain sections, a force of Canadians was embodied dur-
ing the winter of 1775, some companies at Montreal,
Quebec and Three Rivers being the first corps organized.
They were composed largely of the seigneur class.

Blood was shed at Lexington and Concord in April
1775, and a few weeks later a "Continental" force de-
scending the Richelieu from Lake Champlain, easily ob-
tained possession of St. Johns. The very day after-
wards this important little fortress was retaken by M.
de Belestre at the head of eighty Canadian volunteer
militiamen, who had offered their services for the pur-
pose to Major Preston at Montreal on June 8. Among
these who served imder the Chevalier de Belestre upon
this occasion were a number of men distinguished in the
old militia of the French regime, de Longueuil, de Lotbi-

niere, de Rouville, de Boucherville, de la Corne, de la
Brucre, de St. Ours, de IMontigny, Perthui,",, Hcrvieux,
Gamelin, d'Eschambault and others. By their daring
upon this occasion these gallant Canadians won not only
the position, but the thanks of Sir Guy Carleton. In
September of the same year, these same Canadians, with
a number of Quebec and Three Rivers volunteers and
some additional ones from the Montreal district started
for St. Johns to relieve the little garrison composed of
detachments of the 7th Royal Fusiliers and 21st Regi-
ments, threatened by the army of Generals Schuyler and
Montgomery'. Among the names which first appeared
upon the pages of the history of the British-Canadian
militia at this time were those of de Montesson, Duches-
nay, de Rigouville, de Salaberry, de Tonancour, Beau-
bien, Demoisseau, Moquin, Faucher, and others (from
I,emoine).

The story of the heroic defence of St. Johns li,r 45
days, and of its final capture, are well known to all read-
ers of Canadian history.

During the siege of St. Johns, Carleton devoted him-
self to the task of organizing several companies of militia
in Montreal, and they were destined to figure in one cre-
ditable exploit which is not generally remembered.

During the time of the fighting along the banks of
the Richelieu, thanksi to the indifference or sympathy of
the inhabitants of the country south of the St. Lawrence,
small parties of Continental scouts and light troops
ranged the district between the St. Lawrence and the
Richelieu at their own sweet will, and with as much im-
pimity as though they had been operating in their own
country'. In September, Ethan Allan, the Vermont man
who had won eternal fame in his own country by cap-
turing Triconderoga May loth, 1775, before its little gar-
rison knew that the country was in a state of rebellion,
reached Ivongueuil on the south side of the St. Lawrence,
opposite Montreal, with a force of fifty of his Green
ilountain boys and a body of eighty Canadians, "mostly
French." The special mission of the force appears to
have been to forage and to open up communication with
the sympathizers in Jlontreal. A Major Brown was in
command of a similar party operating further up the
river in the direction of Laprairie. Allan was one of
those brave, impetuous spirits who come to the front in
every war where irregular troops are employed, who pos-
sess a blissful disregard for orders, who despise the fund-
amental rules of the art of war, who cannot understand
the importance of combinations, who consider it their
sole duty to seize every opportunity that offers itself for
active excitement, who often surround their names with
halos of popular glamor, who generally terminate their
military career by some particularly disastrous rash act,
and who never make any material contribution towards
the final success of their side.

Allan ascertained that things were in a very bad
way in Montreal. It was a small place of 7,000 or 8,000
population and defended by a feeble and decidedly dila-

FORMER COMMANDING OFFICERS

LIEUT.-COLONEL FRANK CAVERHILL
LIEUT.-COLONEL J. D. CRAWFORD LIEUT.-COLONEL E. A. C. CAMPBELL

14

Klh ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

pidated wall. At one place a pile of rubbish was lying
against the outside of the wall and reached almost to
the top of it. In another place some of the citizens, in a
delightful spirit of independence had broken down a sec-
tion of the wall to make a convenient entrance for the
teams drawing wood into the city, thus saving a con-
siderable detour to the nearest gate. The commercial
spirit dominated Montreal in those days as now. Mili-
tary defences could not be allowed to stand in the way
of business convenience. There were gun's moimted in the
citadel, but their carriages were rotting away, and there
were but -few gunners to man them. The governor had
barely enough regular soldiers for a guard, and only a
portion of the militia could be depended upon. The Eng-
lish-speaking merchants were generally dissatisfied, espe-
cially some of the leading ones who had come from the
older English colonies. The French gentry and the clergy
were pathetically- loyal to the British, but the people of
the suburbs were generally friendly to the Continentals.
This had been shown by the refusal of the suburbanites
to deliver up their ladders to the garrison, the governor
having deemed it a wise precaution, in view of the possi-
bility of an attempt bj- escalade, to have all ladders plac-
ed in the citadel.

Ethan Allan, after learning these details, lost no
time in determining to try to capture the town by a
coup-de-main, and after inviting Major Brown to co-oper-
ate had his men ferried across the St. Lawrence to
Longue Pointe, some eight or nine miles below the town.
September 25th, when news of the landing of Ethan Al-
lan's little force reached the garrison, was a day of great
excitement in Montreal. The whole population, some
devoutly anxious for their success, others hoping for their
defeat, gathered in the streets to see a column of three
hundred men, chiefly militiamen, under the command ol
Major Garden, sally forth to meet the invaders. In a
few hours Garden returned to the citadel with Ethan
Allan and practically his whole force prisoners, and before
long the famous Green Moimtain Boy was on his way
across the Atlantic to an English prison.

It is unnecessary here to refer at length to the
eventual surrender of Montreal to the overwhelmingly
superior force of Montgomery, to the seige of Quebec or
to the expulsion of the invaders from the province in
1776. It should perhaps be remarked that French Gana-
dians in .several districts took the field against the Gon-
tinentals. Ogdensburg was still a British post and fairly
strongly held, and Arnold feared that the commander of
the place might try a sudden dash upon Montreal via
the St. Lawrence. To guard against such a contingency
he posted a considerable force at the Cedar Rapids, where
any British force descending the St. Lawrence would
have to make a portage. Considerable consternation
and alarm was caused in the Montreal garrison when it
became known that this party had been attacked and
captured by a party of French Canadians.

A corps of Montreal militia under Captains De Bou-

cherville and Morin was attached to Burgoyne's army
and participated in the campaign about the shores of
Lakes Champlain and George.

The revolutionary war over, the militia ordinances
once more ceasea to attract attention.

In 1784 a memorial was presented to the Home Gov-
ernment by M. du Calvet, an ex-Montreal magistrate,
soliciting among other things, conservation of the
old French laws, the extension of the habeas corpus act
to Canada, "the naturalization of the Canadians — so as
to endow them with British rights," the liberty of the
press and the creation of a provincial military establish-
ment, including a Canadian regiment of two battalions.

By "The Constitutional Act," 31 George III, Cap.
^i, passed in 179 1, the Province of Quebec was divided
into the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. The
division was made largely at the instance of the people
of British origin, many of them United Empire loyalists,
residing in what was created the Province of Upper Ca-
nada, and who were anxious for a government and con-
stitution more in accordance with what they had been
accustomed to. The Quebec Act, with its vague provi-
sions for the joint operations of two systems of jurispru-
dence had not worked well. Although the Act had been
sixteen years in force, the courts had not yet agreed
whether the whole of the French laws or what part of
them, composed the custom of Canada, as they some-
times admitted and sometimes rejected whole codes of
the French law.

After the granting of the constitution of 1791, m
every parliamentary session, the governors secured regu-
larly the renewal of their powers for organizing "a sub-
missive militia," but the authority so granted appears
to have been merely used to the extent of appointing of-
ficers. The following militia list for the Montreal dis-
trict published in the "Almanach de Quebec" for 1796
gives an idea of the extent to which organization was
carried.

First District of the City of Montreal, Militia.— Field
officers, Pierre M. Sevestre, Colonel; Pierre Guy, Lieut.-
Golonel; Pierre Fortin and Etienne St. Dizier, Majors; P.
Valle, J. B. Adhemer, Jacques Hervieux, Charles Desery,
J. Lacroix, Daniel Dupre, Captains; J. B. .Tobin, Sur-
geon.

Second District of the Montreal City Militia.— Field
officers, St. George Dupre, Colonel; Louis Perlier, Lieut.-
Colonel; M. Blendean, Major. P. Lacoste, Charles Cha-
boillez, H, vSt. George, Gabriel Cote, .1. B. Dtirocher, J.
F. Perrault, Captains; F. X. Bender, Surgeon.

During the first sitting of the new assembly of the
Province of Lower Canada, April 25, 1793, a message
was received from the governor informing the house that
"the persons exercising the supreme authority in France
had declared war against His Majesty." In answering
this message the assembly stated that they would im-
mediately proceed to a revision of the militia laws. The
subject was taken up and discussed, but as no alterations

FORMER COMMANDING OFFICERS

LIEUT.-COLONEL E. B. IBBOTSON
LIEUT.-COLONEL JOHN HOOD LIEUT.-COLONEL J. A. L. STRATHY, A.D.G.

i6

Kfh ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

were made in the militia ordinance then in force, it is to
be inferred that such were deemed unnecessary by the as-
sembly.

In his speech dismissing the House at the close of
the session, the governor, however, asked the members
during recess to reflect upon "such further regulations as
may appear necessary for the better organizing and more
effectually calling forth the militia."

Nov. 26, 1793, the Governor-General, Lord Dorches-
ter, issued a proclamation drawing attention to the fact
that alien enemies from France and elsewhere were in the
province busying themselves in propogating revolution-
ary principles, and requiring "all magistrates. Captains
of Militia, peace officers, and others of His Majesty's
good subjects, to be vigilant" etc.

At the first session of the Parliament of Lower Ca-
nada in the year 1803, the militia laws were renewed on
the advice of the Governor. The second session took
place in August on the resumption of hostilities between
Great Britain and France. The alien act, and that for
the preservation of His Majesy's Government had been
allowed to expire at the time of the peace, but the return
of war rendered their revival necessary and they were re-
vived. Upon the recurrence of war, there was a
strong manifestation of loyal feeling universally through-
out the province. The Lieutenant-Governor sent down,
late in the session, a message to the assembly stating
that he had "the satisfaction to acquaint them that a
considerable number of His Majesty's subjects in this
province, actuated by a spirit of loyalty and zeal for the
interests and honor of his crown, had offered to form
themselves into volunteer companies for the defence of
the province at the present moment, and to serve under
such officers as His Majesty's representative should ap-
point to command them." He recommended the subject
accordingly to the consideration of the House. A bill
was introduced, passed, and sent up to the Legislative
Council relative to it, but too late, the prorogation tak-
ing place the next day. No inconvenience, however, was
felt from the circumstance, the militia act being in force,
and sufficient for every practical purpose at the time.

As the war between Britain and France developed,
and with it the ambition of the ruling faction in the
United States to secure possession of Canada, the war
party in the republic industriously circulated the report
that the Canadians only awaited the unfurling of the
Stars and Stripes in Canada to rise in a body against
British rule. In refutation of this libel on the loyalty of
the French Canadians, the acting Governor, Mr. Dunn,
made arrangements for a grand military demonstration
to be made during the summer of 1808. One fifth of the
militia of the province were called out for training. The

ballotting for men was carried out with the greatest
spirit, giving the lie to the doubts which had been cast
upon the loyalty of the people. At the ballotting, young
bachelors competed with one another to procure the ser-
vice tickets of married men who drew them. Some men
who were not drawn purchased tickets from others who
were, but not a few married men refused to sell out.
After the men required had been selected by ballot, and
everything prepared for their mobilization, Sir James
Craig, the new governor, arrived at Quebec, and he
thought it best not to proceed any further. Consequent-
ly an order was issued excusing the drafted force from
service, but in a General Order issued Nov. 24, 1808, he
lauded the Canadians for the loj'al and heroic spirit they
had manifested.

May 28, 1812, 21 days before the United States
Congress passed the bill empowering the President to
declare war against Great Britain, Sir George Prevost,
raised four battalions of embodied militia in Lower Ca-
nada; and a regiment of voltigeurs was raised, the latter
being placed under the command of Major De Salaberry.
Many other battalions were called out for service before
the termination of the war, and all acquitted themselves
well, as every one who has read Canadian history
knows.

At the outbreak of the war there were a cavalry
troop and four battalions of sedentary militia in Mont-
real, three district battalions, and one, the "First Batta-
lion Montreal Militia" composed of all persons "resid-
ing within the City and Banlieu of Montreal" other than
French Canadians. This battalion was reserved as a
special corps for the enrollment of the English-speaking
citizens by an order dated May 22, 181 1. The chief offi-
cers of the battalion in 181 2 were Hon. James McGill,
Colonel; Alex. Audjo, Lieut.-Colonel; Daniel Sutherland,
Major; Captains Alexander Henry, Francis Desrivieres,
Francis Badgley, David David, Samuel Gerrard; Captain
Griffin, Adjutant; Thomas Busby, Quartermaster.

After the outbreak of the war, a fifth battalion of
militia was incorjiorated, which afterwards became the
Canadian Chasseurs, while the First Battalion organized
voluntarily four companies for garrison duty and for
service in the field if necessary. The officers of these four
volunteer companies of the ist Battalion are given in
the Quebec Almanach for 1813 as follows: —

James Caldwell, Major Commandant; Captains,
.Tames Dunlop, John Richardson, John Forsyth, John
Ogilvy; Lieutenants, David Ross, Thomas Blackwood,
George Gillespie, Hart I/Ogan, Alexander Allison, George
Garden, William Hallowell, Thomas Thain; Ensign,
James Leslie; Adjutant Thomas B. Ahcrn.

-^a?^'^

The Militia a Butt of Political Discord.

To the military fervor of 1812-15 tliere succeeded a
long and trying period for those interested in the main-
tenance of a national defensive force, during which the
militia of the province was either ignored altogether or
made the subject of partizan discussion. In fact the
provincial militia was made for a time the butt of poli-
tical discord.

In 1815, after the close of the wars with the United
States and France, all of the provincial corps were dis-
banded, and after that date, with the exception of a
troop of cavalry or a company of rifles here and there,
not amounting in both provinces to 300 or 400 men,
there was no armed force in the country c»xclusive ol
the regulars. The few isolated cavalry and rifle corps
were of an independent character, ofTicers and men uni-
forming and maintaining the corps at their own expense,
and even purchasing the arms privately. Of course they
received no pay or allowances, and were not subjected to
any systematic oversight. A sedentary militia having a
long list of officers, however, was enrolled, as a matter
of form, every year, and ordered to muster once a year
for roll call. Some regiments did and some did not; in
fact the whole thing was a farce. Full compliments of
officers, nearly all of them absolutely ignorant of the
merest rudiments of a military education were main-
tained, or at least complete lists of officers for a whole
army of territorially designated regiments and battalions
were published year after year.

In 1827 the continued discussion between the legis-
lative assembly of Quebec on one side and "The Governor
in Chief" on the other regarding the forins and accounts
in connection with the votes for the expenses of the civil
government reached a climax. The differencies on this
one subject were .so acute that they caused a rejection
by the legislature of every other measure which the gov-
ernment presented. The legislature refused the supplies
necessary for the ordinary expenses of government, failed
to make aiiy provision for the maintenance of jails,
hou.ses of correction, insane asylums, foundling institu-
tions or schools, and refused to renew the temporary
militia act, which on the plan ol the army act in Eng-
land, was renewed from year to year. By the expira-
tion of the militia act, which the assembly had purpo.se-
ly omitted to renew, two old ordinances of the legisla-
tive council of the Province of Quebec of 1787 and 1789,
for the regulation of the militia were automatically re-
vived, never having been absolutely repealed, but held in
abeyance so long as the temporary militia laws remained

in force. Accordingly, by a Militia General Order of
July 5th, the Governor-in-Chief directed the commanding
officers of the different battalions of militia, without
waiting for more particular orders, to fix the days on
which the companies of their respective battalions should
meet according to law, in that and the ensuing months.

Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-in-Chief, having
promptly prorogued the house, there ensued a seditious
agitation in all quarters of Lower Canada, which it was
scarcely reasonable to expect would be kept from spread-
ing to the militia. Lord Dalhousie apparently hoped
that this might be accomplished for the Militia General
Order already referred to contained the following: —

"The Governor-in-Chief thinks it right to express on
this occasion his satisfaction at the ready obedience
which has been shown in all parts of the province from
which information has reached him, to the revived ordi-
nances for regulating the militia, notwithstanding the
arts used by designing and ill-disposed persons to infuse
groundless doubts and suspicions into the minds of the
people, and he trusts that the officers and men of the
militia will continue to evince that spirit of zeal, obe-
dience and subordination, which is the first of the mili-
tarv diities, and which has hitherto distinguished the
militia of this province."

The militiamen's duty was exceedingly light, in fact
only nominal, under either the temporarv lapsed acts or
the old re-instated ordinances. The militiamen had to
meet after divine service on a Sunday, or other holiday,
once a year, and answer to the call of their names, as
an acknowledgement of obedience to the laws, and their
duty was done.

Several officers of the militia, partizans of the pre-
vailing agitation, objected to the performance of this
merely nominal service under the revived ordinances.
They pretended that the legislative assembly having
failed to re-enact the militia laws, there were now no
laws in force regulating the militia, publiclj' dissuaded
their militiamen from attending muster, and harrangued
them in terms of contempt and indignation against the
existing administration, as inimical to the rights and in-
terests of the French Canadian people, and as essentially
anti-Canadian. The government of course could not yield
to faction and to clamor, and several removals from the
militia took place on the charge of encouragement of and
participation in public meetings tending to excite the
people to discontent.

i8

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

The following General Order was published about
this time: —

"Office of the Adjutant General of Militia,

I2th Sept., 1827.
■'General Order of Militia,

"His Excellency the Governor and Commander in
Chief takes an early opportunity to express to the bat-
talions of militia in Lower Canada, his sentiments on
certain recent proceedings which nearlj' concern their
loyalty and honor.

"It is well-known that the laws vmder which the mi-
litia force has been regulated for many years have been
enacted for short periods, and have been repeatedly re-
newed as a substitute for the permanent laws passed in
1787 and 1789.

"These temporary acts, however, not having been
renewed in the last session of the provincial parliament,
expired on the ist May, and it was immediately notified
to the militia, by His Excellency's directions, that under
existing circumstances, the old permanent ordinances
came into force.

"Evil disposed persons were not wanting to spread
doubts upon the subject; and to these were added gross
misrepresentations and calumnies regarding the inten-
tions of the executive government, all tending to create
discontent and dissatisfaction in the province, but more
particularly to induce the militia to object against and
disobey the orders issued under those ordinances for the
usual musters in summer.

"The Governor-in-Chief has seen with great satisfac-
tion that the utmost exertions of the ill-disposed have
totally failed to disturb the natural disposition of the
people to order and obedience. With very few excep-
tions, and those chiefly of officers holding commissions,
the musters of July and August have been unusually
numerous and well attended. It is therefore an import-
ant and most agreeable duty to His Excellency to offer
his warmest acknowledgements in approbation of that
conduct, by which the battalions of militia have shown
their proper sense of duty.

"But while the Governor-in-Chief thus gives the re-
ward of praise where it is so well merited, he feels that
his duty imperiously calls upon him, at this time, to de-
prive of the distinction of holding commissions in the
militia, all such persons as have neglected to attend at
the musters required by law, or who, by their conduct
or language at public meetings have failed in that re-
spect which is due to the representative of the sovereign.
This, however, is a work of time and investigation,
which, though necessarily attended with some delay,
will not fail to receive His Excellency's serious and deli-
berate consideration.

"By order of His Excellency the Governor-General
and Commander-in-Chief.

"F. Vassal de Monviel,

Adjt.-Gen., Mil."

December 12th, 1827 appeared a General Order to the
following effect: —

"The Governor-in-Chief having for some time past
occupied himself in considering the reports of reviews by
officers commanding battalions of militia, has great sat-
isfaction in again expressing his approbation of the
general disposition and orderly conduct of this great
national force. The reviews have been fully attended,
and there are but few instances in which the Governor-
in-Chief could think it at all necessary to express
censure. His Excellency therefore conveys to all and to
each battalion his thanks for their conduct, trusting
that next summer, he shall find no cause to repeat the
only disagreeable part of the duty which remains for
him to perform — that is, to publish the names of those
officers who can offer no efficient apology for their ne-
glect of duty and absence from muster.

"The Governor-in-Chief further desires it to be un-
derstood that where the commissions are noted as "can-
celled," the conduct of the officers has not only been ne-
gligent, but has tended to induce the militiamen to re-
fuse obedience to orders.

"The commissions of the following officers are here-
by cancelled:

"Ensign ly. Moquin, 4th Battalion, Huntingdon; Cap-
tain H. Heney, 3rd Battalion, Montreal; Captains Ni-
cholas BrouUlet, Etienne Frechette, Louis Garceau,
Joseph Demers, 2nd Battalion of Kent; Ensign Pepin,
3rd Battalion, Buckinghamshire; Captains Auguste
Quesnel, L. J. Papineau, J. R. RoUand, L- M.
Viger, F. Roy, 2nd Battalion, Montreal; Lieut, and Aide-
Major, S. Neilson, 4th Battalion, Quebec; Ensign J. B.
Tetu, 2nd Battalion, Devon."

All of these removals from the militia were of course
held up as arbitrary abuses of the executive power, and
the agitating politicians and disaffected generally re-
doubled their exertions in the work of agitation, and
with some effect, for the removals of man}^ other officers
from the militia were considered necessary.

WhUe the affairs of the provincial militia were in
this unsatisfactory condition, Lord Dalhousie undertook
to effect an important reform in the system under which
the militia in the City of Quebec were divided into
"British" and "Canadian" battalions, a system which
tended to keep alive an inexpedient and impolitic distinc-
tion. Consequently a MUitia General Order was issued
under date April 28, 1828 reading as follows: —

"His Excellency the Governor-General and Com-
mander-in-Chief, being desirous to do away with the dis-
tinction which has always been supposed to exist in the
militia of Quebec, as forming one English and two Ca-
nadian battalions, has thought proper to order that to
each battalion has been allotted a certain portion of the
city, in which all householders or lodgers shall be en-
rolled, whether British or Canadian born— that no dis-
tinction of religion shall be considered— and that arrange-
ments shall be made gradually, to appoint to each bat-

MAJOR F. S. MEIGHEN

SENIOR MAJOR

1904

MAJOR D. C. S. MILLER

JUNIOR MAJOR

20

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

talion those captains and officers and non-commissioned
officers, who, as householders, are resident within the
limits of the battalion. The Governor-in-Chiei is sensible
that this may create at first some trouble and inconve-
nience, but the object is too important to admit of any
consideration of such a difficulty, etc., etc."

This system was in 1847 reversed, and the old order
of things restored by Lord Cathcart. The unwise change
was attributed to the advice given His Excellency by
Lieut.-Col. Tache, then Adjutant-General of the militia
in Lower Canada — (Christie).

Meantime the summary dismissal of so many officers
from the militia was brought to the attention of the Im-
perial Parliamentary Committee appointed to investigate
the subject of the Canadian grievances. ,Tulv 12th 1828,
the agents of the discontented in the Lower Province,
than in London, J. Neilson, D. B. Viger and Austin
Cuvilier, fyled a petition to the House of Commons
which after mentioning the dismissals from the militia
continued: —

"That the first and only notice which these gentle-
men had of the existence of any complaints against
them, was by the publication of the said general order in
the newspaper printed and published by the King's
printer at Quebec.

"That the said dismissals and the charge against the
said officers, were grounded on no other fact than that
they had taken part and acted at the several places of
their residence, with the great majority of the inhabi-
tants of the said province, in furthering and signing the
aforesaid petitions to His Majesty and both houses of
parliament.

"That the officers of the several local divisions to
which these gentlemen belonged, and several of the com-
mittees of the petitioners, subsequentlv expressed and
published their opinions of marked confidence in and es-
teem for the gentlemen, thus, in common with all the
signers of the said petitions, publicly aspersed by the
said general order, without trial and without a hearing."

During the session of 1829, while Sir James Kempt
was acting as administrator, much time was occupied
discussing a new militia bill. The assembly passed the
bill with a clause declaring that the removals and ap-
pointments of officers that had been made since May ist,
1827, when the militia ordinances of 1787 and 1789 came
into force again in consequence of the lapsing of the tem-
porary acts, were illegal and null. The Legislative Coun-
cil considered that this entrenched upon the prerogative
of the executive, amended ijie bill accordingly and sent
it back to the assembly for concurrence. The assembly
refused to accept tlic amendments, and the bill fell
through.

At the following session, that of 1829, the question
of the militia was again revived, at first apparently with
the object rather of impeaching the former governor
than with that of placing militia matters in the province
on a more satisfactory basis. The result of the first dis-

cussion of militia matters during the session was the
adoption of a petition to the King by "the Commons of
Lower Canada, in Provincial Parliament Assembled,"
which is interesting as giving a review of the militia le-
gislation of the province since the conquest. According
to the terms of the petition: —

"Certain ordinances for the better regulation of the
militia of the then Province of Quebec, were made and
passed by the Governor and Legislative Council of the
said provi5tlce in the years 1787 and 1789, which ordi-
nances were inadequate, arbitrary and vexations in their
provisions, unnecessarily bothersome to the subject, sub-
versive of personal freedom and the right of property,
and subjected all the male inhabitants of the said pro-
vince, between sixteen and sixty years of age, to an ex-
ercise of martial law in time of peace.

"That by an act passed in the second session of the
first provincial parliament of Lower Canada, in the 34th
year of the reign of Your Majesty's royal father of re-
vered memory, (George III) it was declared and enacted
that from and after the passing of the said act, the said
ordinances "shall be, and they are hereby repealed," and
certain temporary provisions were substituted in lieu
thereof.

"That the said provisions and other temporary pro-
visions for regulating the militia, were continued or en-
acted by various other acts of the provincial parliament,
and continued irom time to time, till the first day of
May in the year 1816, when they expired in consequence
of a premature dissolution of the house of assembly, and
were revived by another temporary act of the provincial
parliament, passed on the twenty-second day of March
in the following year.

"That during the interval between the first day of
May in the year 1816 and the said 22nd day of March
1817, the aforesaid ordinances, nor any other law for
regulating the militia were enforced or pretended to be
in force, or known tn he in existence bv the body of the
inhabitants of the said province fit for militia duty.

"That all the provisions for regulating the militia of
this province revived, continued or enacted by the pro-
vincial parliament, at or subsequently to the said 22d
day of March, in the year 1817, exjjired on the first day
of May 1827, after a sudden prorogation of the provincial
parliament which was followed by a premature dissolu-
tion of the assembly.

"That the aforesaid ordinances of the Governor and
legislative council, for regulating the militia of the late
Province of Quebec were pretended to be revived, and
were enforced by the late governor of this province, soon
after the said prorogation, whereby he assumed a legis-
lative authority over Your Majesty's subjects in this
province, and attempted to establish arbitrary power
over their persons and property, under colour of law...."

Among the British names appearing in the division
list as supporting this petition were those of Messrs.

MAJOR GEO. S. CANTLIE

ADJUTANT

MAJOR G. E. GAULT

PAYMASTER

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

Leslie, Brookes, Child, Scott, Peck, Cannon, Neilson, and
Knowlton.

On receiving the petition. His Excellency stated that
he would not fail to transmit it to the King, but added:
— "I must, however, observe on the ]5resent occasion
that His Majesty's Courts of Justice in this province,
having determined that the ordinances in question are
laws in force, my duty necessarily requires me to be gov-
erned by such judicial decision until a new act shall be
passed by the provincial parliament for the regulation of
the militia, a measure which I sincerely hope will be ef-
fected in the course of the present session.

It is understood that the Home Government took
no notice of this petition.

Later in the session a militia bill was passed, pvitting
at rest the difficulty that had arisen between the execu-
tive and the assembly relative to the old ordinances of
1787 and 1789. This bill exacted a propert3' qualification
in persons commissioned to the militia, and residence
within their respective territorial divisions. Before the
departure of Sir James Kempt, (Oct. 30, 1830) he made
a beginning with the reorganization of the militia, rein-
stating several, if not all of those deprived of their com-
missions, leaving the consummation of the work of con-
ciliation and reforn to his successor. Lord Aylmer, who
arrived at Quebec to assume the reins of government in

H. M. S. Herald, October 13, 1830. Hence the earliest
association of the family of the present popular Adjutant
General of Militia, with the national defensive force of
Canada.

In opening the session of the legislature in 1834, the
governor in his speech remarked: — "Amongst the acts
which are about to expire, I think it necessary to draw
your particular attention to the act 10 and 11 George
IV., Cap. 3, intituled "An act to provide for the better
defence of the province, and to regulate the militia there-
of," continued by 2nd William IV., Cap. 55. Should it
be judged expedient further to continue that act, I would
recommend to you to consider the expediency of embody-
ing in it, the provisions of the act 2nd William IV., Cap.
42, instituted "An act to authorize the appointment of
courts of enquiry, for investigating the qualifications of
militia officers in certain cases, which act is also i.bout
to expire."

In proroguing parliament the governor thanked the
legislature for having passed the militia bill as U'com
m.ended.

Meantime, while the acts regulating the Constitu-
tional defensive force were being made the playthings ol
wrangling politicians, the province was rapidlv drifting
on towards rebellion.

t^

m.

#

Ml

The Montreal Militia of the Rebellion and after.

During the period immediately preceding the out-
break of the rebellion in 1837 the militia of Lower Cana-
da had little encouragement, and the few volunteer corps
less. If volunteer corps were maintained in the cities
of Montreal and Quebec at all, it was due rather to the
military spirit of the officers and men and to the popular
apprehension that the perpetual political agitation would
eventually result in rebellion, than to any encouragement
received from the authorities.

According to the militia lists in the Quebec Alma-
nach the four volunteer companies of the First Montreal
Militia Battalion of 1813 had dwindled down in 1827 to one
"Volunteer Rifle Company" of which the officers were
Captain Norman Bethime, and Lieutenants J. C.
Grant, James Scott and John Smith. The names of
these officers appeared on the strength of the 1st Batta-
lion Sedentary Militia as well as in connection with the
Volunteer Rifle Company. The Montreal Troop of Caval-
ry maintained its organization, and was commanded by
Major George Gregory.

Shortly after this date the ist Battalion ceased to
be a distinctively English battalion, and the sedentary
militia of Montreal was rearranged by districts.

The Reverand J. Douglas Borthwich in his interest-
ing "History of the Montreal Prison" published in 1886,
gives some facts about the militia of the "City and
County of Montreal," in 1831. The Montreal district
militia formed one division, consisting of eight battalions
of infantry, two troops of volunteer cavalry, two com-
panies of artillery and two companies of rifles. The po-
pulation of the city was then considerably under 40,000,
and the population of the surrounding parishes of course
small in proportion. So in proportion to population the
strength of the local militia force was very considerable,
but as a matter of fact the various units existed rather
in imagination than in tact. The volunteer militia,
which was given a distinct status from the ordinary se-
dentary militia, and was commanded by Lieut, -Colonel
the Hon. John Forsyth; Major George Gregory, com-
manding the cavalry, Major Peter McGill the artillery
and Jlajor John S. McCord, the rifles.

The ordinary .sedentary militia battalions were as-
signed carefully defined territorial limits, and were as
follows: —

1st Battalion, Montreal Militia, Colonel Command-
ant, Louis Guy, Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Charles Grant,
Majors Benjamin Beaubien and Michael O'SuUivan;
limits, St. Mary's suburbs, St, Mary's and St. Martin
divisions.

Second Battalion, Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. Louis
Gugy, Majors Samuel Gerrard and Janvier, D. Lacroix;
limits the present centre and east wards and the then
suburbs of the district now cut by St. Denis street.

Third Battalion, Lieut.-Col. J. Bouthillier, Majors
Zierre De Rocheblave and L. J. Papineau, (i) limits, the
present West Ward.

Fourth Battalion, Lieut. .-Col. the Hon. Toussaint
Pothier, Majors Fred. Aug. Quesnel and Joseph Shuter;
limits, the present St. Louis and St. Jean Baptiste
wards and rural district beyond.

Fifth Battalion, Lieut.-Col. R. Hervieux, Majors F.
A. Larocque and Austin Cuvillier; limits the present St.
Lawrence, St. George and St. Andrew's wards, and rural
districts beyond.

6th Battalion, Lieut.-Col John Jones, Majors John
Molson and L. M. Viger; limits, the present St. Anns,
St. Joseph and St. Gabriel wards and Verdun.

7th Battalion, Lieut.-Col. J. M. Mondelet, Majors
Dominique Mondelet and Alexis Berthelot; limits, the
parishes of Lachine, Pointe Claire, Ste. Anne and Ste.
Genevieve.

8th Battalion, Lieut.-Col. Jacques Viger, Majors
John Delisle and Hypolite St. George Dupre; limits the
parishes of Longue Pointe, Pointe aux Trembles, la Ri-
viere des Prairies, Sault au RecoUet and St. Laurent.

In 1835, the Montreal Constitutional Association,
alarmed at the development of the revolutionary senti-
ment, resolved to organize district committees in each
quarter of the city in case union and force became neces-
sary. The organization raised spontaneously a body of
volunteer riflemen, the members asking for the recogni-
tion of their corps, which it was proposed to call "The
British Rifle Legion," by the governor. That official,
however, withheld his sanction, and the corps was after-
wards dissolved at his request. As the political agita-

(i)— I.ouis J. Papineau, subsequently, the leader of the rebellion in Lower
Canada was the fou of Joseph Papineau who had shown himself most zealous
for the Royal cause during the whole period of the American revolution. A
Canadian officer, M I.amothe, brought into Canada during the winter of 1776
some important despatches from I.ord Howe, then commanding at New York,
meant for General Carleton, then beseiged in Quebec, but for safety addressed
to the .Seminarists of Montreal. Louis Papineau. then a young man, .iccom-
panied Lamothe in carrying them to Quebec. Secreting the despatches in
hollow walking sticks, they took the road along the right bank of the St.
Lawrence, avoiding the continental soldiers and their Canadian sympathizers
and passing on from parsonage to parsonage they reached Levis in .safety. They
crossed the St. Lawrence on the ice completely enveloped in white sheets, the
better to obscure them.selves from the observation of the continental sentries,
and delivered the despatches to Carleton on March nth. The two men, as
volunteers, at once joined the company of Quebec militia commanded by
Captain Marcoux, and paticipated in the defence of Quebec until the siege
was raised.

H

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

tion developed many of the leaders of the movement vtrere
deprived of their commissions in the militia, and the au-
thorities armed trustworthy citizens to enable order to
be maintained.

When the rebellion actually broke out in the autumn
of 1837, Montreal, and in fact the whole of Canada, had
very little in the way of military protection. The posi-
tion was very critical indeed. There were only four or
five regiments in Canada, the First Royals, 15th, 24th,
32nd and 66th. In the Montreal district the sedentary
militia battalions were in a hopeless state of disorgan-
ization, and the only volunteer corps were a troop of
cavalry at Lachine, commanded by Captain Penner, a
troop in Montreal imder command of Colonel David, and
a rifle company (2) in Montreal imder command of Major
de Bleury, after whom Bleury street is named. These com-
panies were not given arms by the Government, but the
gunsmiths used to loan the officers the muskets they had
in stock, and the companies used to drill with them and
parade the streets at night. The men supplied themselves
with a sort of frock-coat which they used to wear to
their work. At that time Montreal had a miserable set
of useless watchmen, and it was found a necessity for the
rifle company to patrol the streets to prevent loyal
citizens from being abused. Whenever an attack was
made by the Radicals upon the Constitutionalists the
watchmen were never to be found.

When the authorities realized that they had a rebel-
lion on hand they at once authorized the enrolment of
volunteer corps. The cavalry was increased to two
troops, Captain Charles Ermatinger having command of
one, and Captain Sweeney of the other. Colonel David
was given command of the whole. The old garrison ar-
tillery corps, which had been allowed to collapse, was
reorganized under command of Major John Boston. The
Montreal Rifles were increased to three companies. Major
Griffin having the supreme command. The companies
were commanded by Captains de Bleury, Leclerc and
Blackwood.

Volunteering for these corps proceeded with such
enthusiasm, that it was decided to effect the organiza-
tion of three brigades of volunteers in Montreal. The
first brigade consisted of the Montreal Cavalry (Major
David), which had two troops in the city and one at
Lachine, a company of artillery, (Major Boston com-
manding), and the Montreal Rifles, Major Griffin, three
companies. The second brigade consisted of the Mont-
real Light Infantry (3) (Lt.-Col. Benjamin Holmes), six
companies, and the Queen's Light Dragoons (Capt. W.
Jones), one troop. The third brigade consisted of three

(2)— The name "Rifles" was first conferred upon the 60th and 95th Regi-
ments who were armed with rifles, as sharp shooters, at a time when the
majority of English regiments were armed with smooth bore mnskets.

(j)— Light companies were added to British Infantery regiments in the
reign of George II, about 1656, and were originally reserved for skirmishing
and reconnoitring duties, the officers and men being specially selected for
these companies on account of their intelligence and agility. When a number
of regiments were acting together the light and grenadier companies were
sometimes formed into separate light and grenadier battalions.

battalions of ward association which drilled less and
took less interest in volunteering than the other corps,
but who would have been useful and willing if called
upon.

These corps were soon up to full strength, and the
whole British population, and many loyal French, went
in for soldiering with enthusiasm. All the available
halls and warehouses were pressed into .service as drill
halls, and the volunteers drilled night and day. Several
whose names have since become familiar in the militia,
including the late Lt.-Col. Fletcher, C.IM.G., joined the
Light Infantry. That corps used to drill every afternoon on
the Champ de Mars, and every evening in the old St.
Ann's market, on McGill street. Each corps had a ser-
geant from one of the regular regiments attached as
drill instructor, and a few weeks of such hard work as
they put in, speedily got the various units into very good
shape indeed.

The Government furnished these corps with flint-
locks, and the volunteers found it no small matter master-
ing the necessarily complicated manual of those days,
with the orders "open pans," "shut pans," "draw ram-
rods,'' "ram down cartridges," and the rest of it. The
accoutrements were old black ones, used previously in
the old American war. They were very heavy, with
cross belts with an oval piece of brass where they cross-
ed. They were not served with uniforms the first year,
but supplied themselves with blue suits with pea jackets.
When the winter set in they were supplied with military
overcoats and immense fur caps.

The Montreal Light Infantry did not have the same
opportunity to distinguish itself during the rebellion as
did the old Montreal Volunteer Rifles, a company of
which corps, was attached to Sir John Colborne's force
at St. Eustache, and some of its detachments being on
escort duty in the Richelieu district. The M.L.I, was
however, a splendid and efficient corps, its rank and file be-
ing largely recruited from the mechanic class of the city.
The corps deserves special mention in this history, as it
possessed in one of its companies, the first distinctively
Scottish military organization ever raised in Montreal.
Officers and men of this company, of which the bugler,
was a lad who was afterwards, to become well known in
the Canadian Militia, as Lieut.-Colonel John Fletcher,
C.M.G., were exclusively Scotch, and they wore stripes
of tartan plaid on their trousers, as a distinguishin;;
mark.

Thus, was modestly introduced among Montreal's
citizen soldiers, the idea of a distinctively Scottish unit —
an idea which has a splendid realization to-day in the
Fifth Royal Scots of Canada.

The martial instincts and peculiar clannishness of the
Scottish have upon various occasions and in sevar.-il
districts found vent in the organization of Highhind
companies attached to ordinary infantry battalions
where the number of Scotsmen, and other circumstances,
did not favor the raising of complete battalions of High-

CAPTAIN J. M. C. MUIR

QUARTERMASTER

MAJOR ROLLO CAMPBELL

SURGEON MAJOR

26

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

landers. The old Queens Rangers, the splendid provin-
cial regiment of light troops which was raised in New
York and New Jersey at the outbreak of the revolution-
ary war, and which served through the war with such
distinction under I,ieut.-Col., afterwards Lieut .-General,
John Graves Sitncoe, the first governor of Upper Cana-
da, included a Highland company, recruited among
Scottish Highlanders resident in the revolted colonies.
This company was left flank company of the light in-
fantry battalion of the Queens Rangers, which corps,
also had a complement of mounted infantry and field
artillery. The Highland Company, which was lirst
commanded by Captain, afterwards the fampus Major-
General Aenas Shaw, distinguished itself greatly during
the war, the Rangers participating in nearly every im-
portant engagement which took place up to the surrend-
er of Cornwallis' weakened army to the combined French
and United States forces. After the termination of the
war many of the officers and men of the old Queens
Rangers removed to Canada and settled on free grant
lands voted to them by the government, and when
Governor Simcoe, upon assuming the government of the
new province of Upper Canada, raised the new perirancr.t
provincial corps authorized by the Imperial Government,
and in honor of his old command of the Revolutionary
War called it the Queens Rangers, a number of his old
officers and men joined the new corps.

There was also a "Highland Company" in Quebec, in
1837. In 1866, the 9th Battalion, Quebec, had two Eng-
lish speaking companies, one of them. Number 5, being
known as the Highland Rifles. Its officers were Captain
Herald Douglass, Lieut. H. R. Sewell and Ensign E.
F. H. T. Patterson. February 8th, 1867, these two Eng-
lish-speaking companies were transferred from the 9th to
the 8th, as Numbers 5 and 6 companies.

After the rebellion, there ensued another period of
depression in inilitary affairs in Canada. It was, so
far as military matters were concerned, the time of the
most inactive part of the era of torpor in England
which intervened between the Battle of Waterloo and the
Crimean War. With the Mother Country slumbering in
fancied security, with her armed forces gradually dwind-
ling away, and with the Anglo-Saxon race everywhere,
disposed to regard war as a grim spectre of the past,
never to stalk the surface of the earth again, it was
scarcely to be wondered at, that the people of Canada
refused to seriously consider the question of maintaining
an efficient national defensive force, and even treated tht
efiorts of those who wished to see some sort of a nai-.i<-n-
al militia maintained, as a practical joke. The former
members of the Montreal volunteer corps of the Rebel-
lion maintained some little organization for a time, but
it was more of a social than a military character.
Meantime, the formalities of passing and amending mili-
tia acts, and of publishing the lists of officers of a seden-
tary militia not expected to be called upon for service,
were solemnly complied with, so that the Canadian Mil-

itia continued to have a paper existence, if nothing else.

The Act of Union, consummated in 1840, and which
took effect by Royal proclamation, issued by Li.id
Sydenham, Feb. loth, 1841, had an important bciiniig
upon the militia force, the militia of both provinces
coming under the management of one central staff, and
becoming one national force, instead of two distinct
provincial ones. The Act of Union was drafted by Lord
Sydenham and passed by the British Parliament in 1840,
the object being to obviate difficulties which had arisen
between the sister provinces. Before the drafting of this
act, the Special Council of Lower Canada had agreed to
the union and to the assumption by the United Pro-
vinces of the large debt of Upper Canada, and a month
after this agreement had been reached, namely in Decem-
ber 1839, the Legislature of Upper Canada had also
agreed to the Union.

At the time of the Union the muster roUs of the se-
dentary militia in Upper Canada, showed 248 battalions,
with 117,000 men, and in Lower Canada 178 battalions
with 118,000 men.

There was a slight revival of the old military spirit
in Canada as a result of the exchange of uncompliment-
ary language with the United States over the Ashburton
Treaty consummated in August 1842.

A Militia Act (9 Victoria, Chapter 28), passed in
1846 may be described as the first stepping stone be-
tween the old, purely sedentary militia system and
the present one, as it provided for the maintenance of
purely volunteer regiments under a nominal militia sys-
tem, and relegated the old sedentary militia organiza-
tion to the background. Under this Act of 1846, there
was to be an active militia to be drawn by voluntary
enlistment or ballot from the m.en under fort}', the re-
mainder of the adult male population, with the usual
exceptions, to form the reserve. The Active Militia force
was not to exceed 30,000 men and had only to drill for
one day, June 29th. The country was divided into re-
gimental, battalion and company divisions, and the mi-
litia of both classes were required to enroll themselves
in the month of June each year with the officer com-
manding the company within the limits of which they
resided. Only such men of the "First Class" as were
needed for active service were required to turn out, so
that really the active force as provided for in this act
was really not much more an active force, as we under-
stand the term, than were the old sedentary battalions,
for the men comprising the latter were liable to be called
out for training too, when required. Still the Act recog-
nized an active class of militia, and in addition author-
ized the organization of independent volunteer companies.

In 1848, owing to the existing discussion between the
United States and British governments relating to the
Oregon Territory it was found necessary to recast the
old Militia Laws of the two Canadas, now united, into a
single and uniform code.

In 1849, the year of the mobbing in Montreal, of

CAPTAIN E. R. BROWN

SURGEON-CAPTAIN

CAPTAIN E. N. ARMSTRONG

ACTING ADJUTANT

CAPTAIN C. J. ARMSTRONG

Seconded for Service in South Africa

28

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

Lord Elgin, then Governor-General of Canada, and the
burning of the old parliament buildings on McGill street,
the Oregon frontier dispute still looking very threaten-
ing, efforts were made to raise a new volunteer lorce in
Montreal, and the city volunteer fire companies were
formed into a volunteer battalion under the command of
the Hon. James Ferrier, then Mayor of Montreal, Mr.
John Fletcher being gazetted as Lieutenant and Adju-
tant.

The Crimean War imparted a fresh impetusto and left
an enduring effect upon the Canadian Militia. The gar-
risons of regular troops were withdrawn for service in
Europe in 1854, and the Canadian and other colonial
governments, were given to understand by the Imperial
authorities that they would have to depend upon them-
selves for defence more than they had hitherto done. As
usual, the first thing done was to revise the Militia Act,
the result being the Act of 1855 (18 Victoria, Chapter
77.) This Act more clearly defined the two classes of
militia which had been slowly shaping themselves, the
active and sedentary. Hitherto the chief object of the
mUitia acts of both provinces had been to provide for
the occasional mustering of the territorial militia and to
furnish as simple and economical a system as possible
for the mobilization and training of an active force in
case of emergency. The few volunteer corps in existence
up to this time, had been tolerated rather than encour-
aged. The Act of 1855 recognized the old, territorial,
sedentary militia system as the back bone of the nation-
al defensive force, but sanctioned the raising of an active,
permanently organized militia to consist of "volunteer
troops of cavalry, field batteries, and foot companies of
artillery, and companies of infantry, armed as riflemen,
but not exceeding in the whole, sixteen troops of caval-
ry, seven field batteries of artillery, five foot companies
-of artillery, and fifty companies of riflemen, the total
number not to exceed five thousand officers and men."

This act was to continue in operation for three
years only, but could be continued if war with the
United States existed.

In Montreal, two rifle companies, a field battery and
a cavalry troop were enrolled under this Act before the
end of the year.

In 1856 an amendment to the Militia Act (19 Victo-
ria, Chapter 44) was passed providing for the disconti-
nuation of the muster day of the sedentary militia and
for the organization of unpaid volunteer corps.

May 8th, 1856, Lieut.'Colonel John Dyde, "of the
Montreal Light Infantry," was appointed to command
the Volunteer Militia Rifle Companies of Montreal. This
same year, six additional volunteer rifle companies raised
in Montreal were gazetted. The Seventh Company,
gazetted October i6th, was "a Highland Rifle Company."
John Macpherson (now Col. Macpherson), a member of
Number One Company, formerly the Montreal Rifle

Rangers, raised in 1654, was appointed captain, ^4) a,nd
on October 30th, 1856, George McGibbon, was gazetted
Lieutenant, and Peter Moir, Ensign. November 13, 1856,
Assistant Surgeon, W. E. Scott, M.D., "from the Mont-
real Light Infantry," was gazetted Surgeon, "of all the
Rifle Companies in Montreal." It must be remarked,
that at this time, there was no provision for a battalion
organization in the militia.

The Militia Act of 1855 was further amended in 1859
by 22 Victoria, Chapter 18, which made provisions that
where possible the independent companies of volunteer
infantry and rifles, should be grouped into battalians. It
also provided that, the vohmteer militia force should
drill for six consecutive days each year, with pay at the
rate of one dollar per diem per man. This act, and the
increased interest in militia matters in Canada was to
some extent a reflection of the powerful military move-
ment in Great Britain which resulted from the menaces
of a French invasion at the time of the trouble over the
Orsini conspiracy.

The battalion organization of the Montreal Rifle
companies, became better defined and more permanent
under this act, and the ist Prince of Wales Regiment
dates its existence back to this time.

I/ong before the passing of the amendment to the
Militia Act, providing officially for the brigading of the
independent companies of volunteer rifles into battalions,
steps had been taken for the reorganization of the old
Montreal Light Infantry on a regimental basis. The ori-
ginal "regulations" for the reorganized corps were sub-
mitted December 6th, 1856, for the sanction of His Ex-
cellency, the Commander-in-Chief, and sanctioned Decem-
ber i8th, 1856. According to these regulations the corps
was to consist of six companies, each of seventy-five
men, besides a bugler, and the due compliment of offi-
cers and non-commissioned officers. Section 7 of these
regulations provided as follows: — "All officers and non-
commissioned officers, and all finally enrolled privates,
will be held to furnish themselves with uniforms and to
appear therein at all musters, when so ordered. The
uniform of the corps (subject only to such modifications
as the law or any duly issued Regimental Order mav

(4) — Lieut-Col. John Macpherson was born at Lancaster, Glengarry. Ont ,
Jan. Sth, 1830, and received his first comnii.ssion in the 3rd Batt. of Montreal
Militia (sedentary) in 1849. He was made Brigade Major to the Montreal
active force in 1861 and in 1865 was gazetted Lieut-Colonel, serving on the staff
of Major General Lindsay, during the Fenian Raid of 1866. In 1869 he com-
manded Military District No. 3 and in 1870 served as Assistant Adjutant
General, also commanding the Militia Brigade concentrated atMoutreal. Was
the same year selected by General Lindsay for appointment on the staiT of
Colonel (now Lord) Wolseley to proceed on the Red River Expedition,
but subsequently changed at the request of the then Minister of Militia, his
services being required at headquarters. In 1880 was appointed director of
Militia Stores, which appointment he held for many years. In 1885 had charge
of all supplies issued to the Force duritlg the Northwest Rebellion, and per-
formed at headquarters all the duties pertaining to the Quarter-Master Gene-
ral's Department, in addition to those of director of Stores. Services favorably
mentioned in Parliament by the Minister of Militia at the time. Retired from
the Militia Department on Superannuation in 1897. Treasurer of the Dominion
Rifle Association from 1868 to the present time, etc., etc.

CAPTAINS OF THE " RIGHT.^HALF BATTALION."

CAPTAIN W. 0. H. DODDS

CAPTAIN J. G. ROSS

CAPTAIN A. HAMILTON GAULT

CAPTAIN A. F. GAULT

JO

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

indicate), will be that of a Light Infantry Regiment of
the line, with blue facings."

Sections 9, 10 and 11, give ns an insight into the
inside working of the volunteer organizations of those
days. These sections read as follows: —

"9 — The regimental fimd will be in charge of the pay-
master, and will be raised from time to time by assess-
m.ents, to be apportioned by him in advance upon the
officers, according to what would be their respective
rates of pay, if under paj', — so as to meet (as nearly as
may be) the authorized expenses to become chargeable
thereon.

"10. — Regimental and company drills and parades,
will be held at such times and places, as shall be ordered
by the commanding officer; the whole corps (privates
provisionally enrolled, inclusive) being required to drill
thereat, for at least the full length of time required by
law, yearly. Extra drills and parades will be ordered,
as requisite for the officers, non-commissioned officers
and men finally enrolled. And besides such extra drills
and parades, the officers and non-commissioned officers
will meet and be exercised from time to time, especially
as an officers' company or corps, to perfect themselves
in drill and military exercise generally, — all present at
such meetings (imder the rank of Commanding Officer),
taking turn of dvity as officers and privates as maj' be
required.

"II. — Provision will be made hereafter by regiment-
al orders, as may be requisite, for enforcing the proper
attendance of officers, non-commissioned officers and
men at such drills, parades and meetings, the previous
consent (by vote) of a majority of each class interested,
as to the amount of any pecuniary penalties, being re-
quisite, in order to the valied imposition of such penal-
ties, and all such penalties to go to the regimental
fund."

"Further Regulations," submitted nth April, 1857,
for the sanction of His Excellency, the Commander-in-
Chief, and sanctioned April 27th, 1837, provided that
gentlemen desirous of instruction in drill and military
exercises may be enrolled either provisionally, or finally,
with leave of the Commanding Officer, as cadets, subject
to assessment for the regimental fimd, and to fines, at
the rate of one-half of those falling on second lieute-
nants; and vdth the right to retire from the corps at
pleasure. These cadets were to be borne upon the rolls
of their respective companies, either as part of the fixed
strength thereof, or over and above such strength; as
the Commanding Officer, from time to time, may order.
The fifth section of these "Further Regulations," provid-
ed that gentlemen holding commissions in any other
corps of militia, might be admitted, with leave of the
Commanding Officer, as honorary members of the offi-
cers' corps of the battalion, subject to assessment for
the regimental fund, and to fines, at the rate of one-half
of those falling on officers of the battalion, of the same
grade. By a further section it was provided as follows:

— "Such honorary members of the officers' corps will be

held to attendance at its meetings whenever ordered,
without requirement of uniform, and, if suitably uni-
formed, will be entitled to attend and take part at all
such meetings."

The standing orders, issued August 24, 1857, and
printed with the regulations above mentioned, detailed
special modifications of the ordinary Light Infantry uni-
form as follows: —

"Silver lace, buttons, plate, etc., are to be worn in
place of gold and vice-versa, — as generallv required for
militia (5)

"Trousers are to be of Oxford — mixture, with heavy
scarlet bead down the outside seams.

"Officers, in place of the new sling-sa.sh, are to wear
the old Light Infantrv sash, with white patent leather
jiouch-belt, and black patent-leather pouch, of the pat-
terns kept bv the Quarter-Master.

"The Paymaster and Quarter-Master, are to be dis-
tinguished from other officers, only by wearing black
belts and no sash.

"Cadets are to be distinguished from privates, by
wearing the star of a second lieutenant on the collar of
the tunic."

The full-dress head-dress, was the shako, with light
infantry bob., There were no ensjgns/ in ' the regiment,
the junior subalterns being called second lieutenants and
the senior, first lieutenants.

When the Montreal volunteer rifle companies pro-
ceeded on their memorable trip to Portland, Aiig. 17th,
1858, they took with them the Queen's Colour of the
Montreal Light Infantry, loaned to the Rifles, for the
occasion by the former regiment. Among the guests
of the rifle companies upon this occasion were
Major Dyde, Captains McCalman, Lord and Scott, and
Lieutenants Whitehead, Cowan and Simpson, of the
Montreal Light Infantry.

As the heart-stirring events of the Crimean War, and
the Indian mutiny were left further and further b-ihind in
the receding years, so the interest in matters C: ilitary,
steadily diminished in Canada.

The visit of H.R.H. the Prince of 'Vales (now His
Majesty, King Edward VII), to Canada ir i860, caused
somewhat of a revival of the military spirit in the

(5) — In ifiSo Major General Luard, who succeeded Lieut-General Sir E.
Selby Smyth. K. C. M. G-. in the command of the Canadian Militia, expressed
to the Militia authorities the wish to disallow the wearing of gold lace by
Canadian Militia regiments. Militia officers at once protested, and it was
pointed out that by a warrant signed by the King during the war of 1812 the
Canadian Militia was recognized as a "royal" force and authorized to use the
same uniform as His Majesty's Royal Regiments. Hence the similarity of
Canadian Militia uniforms to those of the regular army rather than to those of
the British Militia is explained. Owing to accident silver lace, the then dis-
tinguishing badge of the English Militia, was assumed by many of the
regiments raised in Canada at the time of the Trent Affair. While the
volunteer fever in Canada was at its height uniforms for the new militia
corps were ordered in great haste from London contractors, and the latter,
assuming that militia \iniforms in Canada must be after the .same pattern as
those worn in England, embellished them with silver lace. Some of the silver
lace uniforms were still in use at General Luard's time, and he concluded that
the use of gold lace in most corps was an irregularity.

CAPTAINS OF THE "LEFT HALF BATTALION."

CAPTAIN 0. R. ROWLEY

CAPTAIN HUGH MACKAY

MAJOR J. S. IBBOTSON

CAPTAIN PEERS DAVIDSON

32

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

country. The Montreal Light Infantry had their share
of duty in connection with this visit.

One company of the Montreal Ivight Infantry pro-
ceeded to Three Rivers, at which city, the Prince stopped
on his way from Quebec to Montreal, and acted as
guard of honor on the wharf upon the occasion of the
landing of the Royal party. Upon the occasion of the
arrival of the Prince in Montreal, one company of the
Montreal Light Infantry, under command of the late
Captain J. W. Taylor, acted as a guard of honor at the
triumphal arch erected on Jacques Cartier Square, an-
other company acted as guard of honor at tin; Crystal
Palace on St. Catherine street, opposite Victoria street,
which structure the Prince formally inaugurated the day
of his arrival.

The royal visit over once more, a period of neglect
and depression for the militia force of the country set iri,

but not for long. There were stirring times ahead fo'-
the whole of North America, and Canada was to fmA
herself the object of such imneighborlv menaces un the
part of the people of the big republic lying along her
southern frontier, that the patriotism of the Canadian
people was stirred to its very depths. The people of
Canada were about to find out that they had been liv-
ing in a fool's paradise, and to learn it in such a way
as to leave an endiiring impression upon the national
mind, that to assure the country of peace it must be
prepared for war.

Many years of official and popular neglect were still
ahead of the national defensive force, but the risk of de-
pending upon a .sedentary force, or even an extemporized
and poorly nourished active militia, was at last about to
dawn upon the people of Canada.

■^.s^^

5^

:^»-a.

CHAPTER IV.

The Trent Affair — The 5th Battalion Royal Light Infantry.

In 1861, the Civil War in the United States broke
ont, proilueinj; an outbnrst of military ardor throu^hont
the repnblic. The importance of i)roviding a force in
Canada for the enforcement of nentrality along the
frontier and to be on hand in case of mergency was
apparent to the authorities. A few regiments were sent
ont from England, and a number of volunteer com-
panies organized throughout Canada. In ^lontreal,
there was considerable local excitement, caused during
the opening months of the war, by a demand made iqion
the Canadian authorities for the extradition to the
United States, of one Anderson, an escaped slave,
charged with murder. Public meeting.s were held to pro-
test against the extradition proceedings, and the public
temper rose high, but cjuieted down after Anderson had
been shipped off to England. Though Canadians would
not agree to the surrender of esca])ed slaves to the
slave-holding states, even on charges recognized as valid
in the existing extradition treaties, thev generally syin-
pathi/.ed with the South, regarding the contest as one
rather of state rights than of slavery, svmpathizing with
the weaker party to the dispute, and recalling many im-
neighborly and unfriendly acts on the part of the people
of the Northern States.

As the long and bloody strife in the south progress-
ed, many sympathizers with the South who foiuid it un-
comfortable in the northern states, came here to live,
and were joined by a number of escaped Confederate pri-
soners. The presence of these refugees tended to stimu-
late the feeling which already existed against the
North.

Towards the end of November 1861, word reached
Canada of the Trent outrage. The British mail steamer,
"Trent" had been stopped on the high seas by the U.vS.
S. "San .laciirto," boarded by a party of armed marines,
and Messrs. Mason and Sliddell, the Confederate com-
missioners, .seized, in spite of the protests ol the
"Trent's" captain, and taken on board the "San Ja-
cinto." At the news of this wanton outrage upon the
British flag, a wave of indignation swept over the Brit-
ish Empire, and Britons everywhere demanded that the
Confederate commissioners be restored to the jjrotection
of the British flag and full reparation made. Although
the question at issue was not one of special Canadian in-
terest, and although it was realized that if war took

place the United vStates would try to make Canada the
•scene of active operations, in no part of the Empire was
there a more set determination that the outraged honor
of the Empire be avenged than in Canada. For once the
British government took a firm stand against its ob-
streporous offspring across the Atlantic, aemanded the
restoration of the men taken from the Trent, and also
ample apologies for the insult to the flag. Accustomed
to receiving absurdly indulgent and invariablj' ill-requit-
ed treatment at the hands of the Mother Country, the
people of the United States, who had mistaken British
good nature for weakness, insisted that the demands be
not complied with. Both coiuitries appeared determined,
and both sternly set to work to serioush' prepare for
the impending conflict. Britain despatched a large force
of regular troops with ample supplies of munitions of
war to Canada, and the Canadians, to a man, set them-
selves to the task of preparing for the contest, which ap-
peared not merely probable but inevitable. How the
United States Government eventually surrendered the
two commissioners and made amends for the uncalled for
action of Captain Wilkes, is well-known to every reader
of history.

While this keen international tension was at its
height, the whole male population of IMontreal enrolled
themselves into vohmteer corps, and exercised them-
selves in military drill, night and day. Many of the ex-
isting military organizations of the city trace their ex-
istence back to this stirring time.

"The 5th Battalion Royal I,ight Infantry," was or-
ganized imder general orders of January 31st, 1862, as an
eight company battalion, the first six companies raised
being commanded by the following gentlemen, all of
whose captain's commissions were dated January 22,
1862:— Haviland U. Routh, Andrew Allan, Gordon G.
Mackenzie, James J,. ^lalluwson, John M. Hopkins, and
Alexander Campbell. Cajitain Routh was promoted
I\lajor, January 31st, 1862, and Lieut. -Colonel, February
7, 1862.

The lieutenants on organization, with rank dating
from February 7, 1862, were, Andrew Law, Thomas F.
Blackwood, John II. Koutli, Alexander Allan.

February 7, i8h2, tlie following ensigns were gazet-
ted to the regiment: — James S. Tyre, Jackson Rae,
Rufiis Fairbanks, Hector Mackenzie, David Leach.

34

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

John Grant and Walter Scott were gazetted captains
Febrnary 14, 1862, and Henry Ivyman, (i) the second of
April, 1862.

Major John Fletcher (2) was gazetted to the regi-
ment July 7th, 1862, and appointed Brigade Major by
General Order, November 28th, 1862.

Captain Mathewson, was gazetted Pa3'master, July
7th, 1862. Lieut. John H. Routh, was gazetted Captain
July 14th, 1865, Adjutant, July 28th, 1865, and retired
retaining rank, July 14th, 1865. Ensign Rae was pro-
moted Lieutenant, January 23rd, 1863, and resigned
July 14th, 1865. Ensign Tyre, was promoted to be
lyieutenant the same date. Ensign Hector Mackenzie,
was promoted Lieutenant, July 14th, 1865, Captain, De-
cember 14th, 1866, and retired with rank, December 3rd,
1875. Ensign Leach was gazetted Lieutenant, March
[6th, 1866. Captain Kirby was gazetted Paymaster,
February 7th, 1862, and resigned December 14th, 1866.
Captain Grant was gazetted Major, July 14th, 1865,
granted the brevet of Lieut.-Col., February 15th, 1867,
and retired with the rank of Lieut.-Col., August 12th,

(i)— Captain Henry Lyman had previous to joining the "Royals," served in
the old Montreal Riiles under Lieut-Colonel Henry Griffin, seeing considerable
sen-ice during the Rebellion of 1837 38. and participating in the battle of St
Bustache. Upon being gazetted to the Royals he recruited and assumed
command of Number 8 Company. Mr. F. S. Lyman. K. C, who had previously
accepted a commission in the Victoria Rifles, obtained a transfer to the Royals
so as to serve under his father. Captain Henry Lyman served with the Royals
during the Fenian Raid at Hemmingford, attained his brevet majority soon
after the Fenian Raid, and retired retaining rank April 13, 1865.

(2)— The late Lieut-Colonel John Fletcher, C. M. G., was born at Greenock,
Scotland, in May, 1S15, coming as a lad to Canada with his parents, who settled
in Montreal. His father died in 1831, and although young Fletcher was only
sixteen years of age, he continued with his widowed mother the business left
by his father. When the Rebellion of 1837 broke out he joined the "Montreal
Light Infantry", and served as a volunteer in that corps until the summer of
1839. having been on active service during two winters. In 1836 he entered the
Old Montreal Volunteer fire department and served therein for twenty-two
years, attaining a prominent position in the department. In 1846, when the
excitement over the Oregon boundary dispute was at its height and new
volunteer corps were being organized throughout the lenght and breadth of
Canada, the men of the .Montreal Fire Department organized themselves into
a militia battalion, the Hon. James Ferrier being appointed Lieut-Colonel and
Mr. Fletcher captain and adjutant. On the breaking out of the Crimean War
in 1854, Captain Fletcher offered his services together with those of one
hundred men of the fire battalion as volunteers for the Briti.sh army. When
the militia bill of 1855 was passed authorizing the raising of fifty rifle com-
panies in the Province of Canada he was appointed to the command of one of
the two companies authorized to be raised in Montreal, Captain Theodore
Lyman of the Old Montreal Rifle Rangers being appointed to the command of
the other November 20, 1856, these two oflScers were given their majorities in
recognition of their services in raising the two companies entrusted to them.
Upon the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny in 1857 the offer of the services of a
Canadian regiment having been accepted by the Imperial Government, the
looth Regiment was organized, commissions being offered to those raising
specified quotas of men Major Fletcher raised enough men to qualify him for
a lieutenancy, which he was awarded, serving abroad in the looth until 1862.
when he returned to Canada on recruiting service. At the time of the Trent
excitement he volunteered his services to assist in organizing the 5th Royals
under Lieut-Colonel Routh and to drill the corps. The offer was gladly ac-
cepted. Eventually, with a view to securing an appointment on the militia
staff, he retired from the 100th Regiment and was gazetted to a majority in the
5th Royals. A few months later Major Fletcher received the appointment of
Brigade Major of the frontier brigade divLsinn of the 5th Military District, with
headquarters at St. Johns. Shortly afterwards he was gazetted to be Lieut-
Colonel in recognition of his services in organizing some thirty-three new
volunteer companies and three rifle associations and in raising the standard
efficiency of the border volunteer force. March 13, 1874, he was appointed
Deputy Adjutant General, 5th Military District, Montreal, an appointment he
held until 1882. For some years subsequent to that he held the position of
district paymaster, being finally retired on a small allowance in 1893. He was
granted the C. M. G. for his services at the action of Trout River, 1870.

1870. Captain Scott was given his brevet majority,
November 24th, 1865. Lieutenant Frederick Mackenzie,
obtained his captaincy, February nth, 1865, and was
appointed paymaster, May 5th, 1876. Captain Henry
Lyman, obtained his brevet majority, April 4th, 1866,
and retired retaining rank December 14th, the same year.

The strength of each company upon organization
was 55, and from the first the regiment was remarkable
for the splendid physique of its rank and file. The com-
manding officer of the new regiment, Lieut. -Colonel Ha-
viland L. Routh, was manager of the Royal Insurance
Company, and a gentleman of high social and consider-
able political influence at that time. No better evidence
of this can be found than, the nominal roll of the officers
gazetted to the new regiment.

A handsome set of colours, those still borne by the
Royal Scots, was presented to the regiment by Lady
Monck, wife of His Excellency the Governor General, at
a parade of «he whole militia force of the city on Logan's
Park, October nth, 1862. The colors cost 56oo, and were
the gift of the ladies of Montreal. His Excellency the
Governor General, Lord Monck, was also presv-'Ut as were
Lieut. -General, Sir W. Fenwick Williams, K.C.B., the
Hero of Kars, Commander-in-Chief in Canada, and Col.
John Dyde, Commandant of the Montreal Volunteer
Force. Lieut.-Colonel Routh commanded the Royals,
Major the Honorable John Rose, being the second in
command. The other corps on parade were as follows ;
The Montreal Cavalry, Lieut.-Colonel David; the Royal
Guides, Captain D. Lorn MacDougall, the Montreal Field
Battery and Foot Artillery Com.pany, Major Henry
Hogan; Montreal Artillery Battalion, Lieut.-Colonel
Tylee; Montreal Engineer Company, Captain Forsyth;
Prince of Wales Rifles, Lieut.-Colonel Bernard Devlin;
Montreal Light Infantry, Lieut.-Colonel Whitney; Victoria
Rifles, Lieut.-Colonel W. Osborne Smith; 4th Chasseurs
Canadiens, Lieut.-Colonel Coursol; 6th Hochelaga Light
Infantry, Lieut.-Colonel Hibbard.

Within a few months of the authorization of the
organization of the 5th Royals, the new regiment, by the
absorption of Captain ,Tohn Macpherson's Highland
company of the 1st Prince of Wales Regiment, fell heir
to the record and seniority of that historical company,
which it will be remembered was raised as the "Mpnt-
real Highland Rifle Company," by authority of an order
dated October i6th, 1856.

vTuly 28, 1858, Lieut. George McGibbon, of the origi-
nal Highland Company, was given the rank of Captain,
and he retired, retaining rank, December 1858, being re-
placed as lieutenant of the company by Ensign Peter
Moir. The same date supernumerary Ensign Duncan
Barclay Macpherson was gazetted Ensign vice Moir pro-
moted.

July nth, 1859, Colour-Sergeant George Brown
was appointed supernumerary Ensign.

This Highland company, while attached to the
Prince of Wales Regiment, had earned a reputation for

LIEUTENANTS 5th ROYAL SCOTS

LIEUT. G. B. MACKAY
LIEUT. J. H. ARMSTRONG
LIEUT. N. 0. OGILVIE

LIEUT. R. L. C. GAULT
LIEUT. R. 0. KING
LIEUT. L. deK. STEPHENS

36

%th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

itself, lor physique and drill. We find the following pen
sketch of the company in the Portland "Transcript's"
account of the visit of the rifles to Portland in 1858:—
"The dress of the Highland company was a green coatee
faced with red and gold, plaid pants, tartan scarfs.
Highland bonnet with ostrich plumes, and red feather.
The piper, in full Highland costume, with his kilt and
his bare knees, attracted some attention. The High-
landers were thoroughly Scotch in form and features,
spare and sharp, and in their native costume looked like
true followers of the Bruce."

The uniform worn by the Highland Company while
attached to the ist P. W. Rifles is described by lieut.-
Col.' Macpherson^ as consisting of rifle tunic or coatee,
after the pattern of the 71st Highland Light Infantry,
but of rifle green cloth, trews and plaid of the tartan of
the clan McKenzie of Seaforth as worn by the 78th High-
landers, highland plume bonnet, with red hackle.

Captain Macpherson retained the command of the
company till his promotion to the rank of Major (CO.,
19th Feb., 1861), which was closely followed by his ap-
pointment to be Brigade Major to the Active Force of
Montreal, (G. O. 5th April, 1861). The company was
transferred to the 5th Royal laght Infantry, under No.
10 of General Orders of 9th October, 1863, which read as
follows: —

"The Highland Rifle Company. This company is
hereby transferred from the ist Prince of Wales Regi-
ment Volunteer Militia, to the 5th Battalion or Royal
Light Infantry, and will be designated hereafter as No-
9 or the Highland Infantry Company of that Battalion."
The same general orders (October 9, 1863) contained
the announcement of the resignations of Lieut. G.
Brown, Ensign A. G. Lindsay, and Supernumerary En-
sign N. G. Slack, Captain Peter Moir being consequent-
ly the only officer of the Highland Company transferred
with it to the 5th Royal Light Infantry. After the
transfer the company adopted the scarlet tunic, but ad-
hered to the Mackenzie tartan trews, also wearing)
checkered bands on their shakos and lorage caps.

The transfer of this old company to the 5th Roj'als,
marks the introduction of a Scottish element into that
corps, which can fairly be considered as the nucleus
about which has been developed the "5th Royal Scots of
Canada," as a Highland Regiment.

Upon its organization the vmiform of the first eight
companies of the 5th Royal Light Infantry was the re-
gulation one of the British Light Infantry regiments but
with silver lace and buttons. The full dress head-dress
was the shako and green ball, the forage caps similar to
those worn by the Grenadier Guards, round and flat,
with large tops and broad red bands round the bottonis.
The winter head-dress was a shaggy fur cap, much re-
sembling the Fu,sileer busby, but not so large. The re-
gimental button consisted of the Royal Cypher "V.R."
in the centre, with the words "The Royals" above and
"Montreal," below. In undress, the officers wore a

double-breasted, blue frock coat with the crimson sash
over.

The appearance of the regiment on parade, was very
fine, and Colonel Stevenson, of the Guards, who first
inspected the corps said it put him in mind of his own
regiment. The Royals carried everything before them
on the rifle ranges. For this the regiment was much in-
debted to the enthusiasm of Captain John Grant. His
company had a target of their own, and its officers pro-
vided an unlimited supply of ammunition, with the re-
sult that at the first match, which was held upon the
ice at Point St. Charles, "Grant's Company," with its
four or five teams, won almost everything.

Major K. Campbell remarked the other day:— "The
Royals were very fortunate in having such an officer as
Captain Grant at this important epoch in their career.
Beloved by everyone, as a man and an officer, I have al-
ways considered him above and be3'ond any one I knew
in the volimteer service. He was a splendid drill, had
a fine word of command, was cool and collected, strict
even to severity about diity, j^et always fair, affable and
reasonable, and without a trace of assTimption.

In 1863, the strength of the Active Militia, limited
by the Act of 1853 to 5,000, was raised to 25,000, at
which strength it was maintained until after the reor-
ganization following Confederation in 1867.

Montreal was the focus of the excitement produced
by the St. Allrans Raid, October 19, 1864, but the evi-
dence given at the trial of the raiders did not bear out
the general impression that the raid had been planned
and directed froin here. The evidence was to the effect
that at the time the leader of the raid, Bennet H.
Young, was commissioned a Lieutenant in the Confe-
derate army for the special purjjose of raising a body of
Confederate soldiers escaped from United States prisons
to make the raid, he was in Chicago on some political
mission. Some of his partj^ it is true, went direct from
Montreal to St. Albans, others proceeded through the
United States. The raiders took possession of the three
banks in vSt. Albans, which is eighteen miles from the
Canadian frontier, in broad daylight, seized the money
in the hands of the bank officials and some being tend-
ered on deposit by private citizens, set fire to the town
in three places, provided themselves with horses taken
from the people, and in a body made their escape into
Canada, dispersing after crossing the lines. Thirteen of
the raiders were arrested in Canada at the request of
the United States government and brought to trial in
Montreal. After a most sensational hearing and a
length}' argument, the prisoners were acquitted, it being
held that the raid was an act of war and not one of
robbery as charged in the indictments.

This incident resulted in another violent spasm of
Anglophobia in the United States, and once more the
recognized exponents of public opinion in the Republic
advocated war, and as a inatter of course, the imme-
diate invasion of Canada. Another period of anxiety

LIEUTENANTS 5th ROYAL SCOTS

CAPTAIN F. O. W. LOOMIS
LIEUT. A. B. BURKE
LIEUT.' G. S. CLEGHORN

LIEUT. A. J. MAUDSLEY
LIEUT. W. G. M. BYERS
LIEUT. T. M. FYSHE

JS

01 ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

ensued, but was short-lived, as the British and Canadian
governments lost no time in demonstrating their good
faith, and despatched troops to various points along the
frontier where it was considered likely similar raids
might Ise attempted.

The 5th Royals had their first opportimity for ac-
tual service at this time. A company of the regiment,
under Captains Fred Mackenzie, with dompanies from
the 1st P. W. R., and 3rd Victoria Rifles, formed part of
a provisional battalion imder command of Lieut. -Col.
Hill, which was stationed from December 1864, to May
1865, at Sandwich, Ontario. A number of Confederates,
including some prisoners of war who had escapod from
the Northern prisons, were reported to be assembling in
that district and organizing for a raid upon the banks
in Detroit. No trouble, however, occurred.

After this tour of service another brief period of de-
pression .set in for the militia. The Royals suffered
with the rest, and Number Two Company ceased to ex-
ist. But other corps suffered more, as for instance ,t|fe
Montreal Light Infantry, which dwindTe'ct down to ^al-
most nothing, the only company remaining ®i thS^ "histor-
ical old corps being that, Miftimanded bv C'a'ptain Ken-
neth Campbell.

By unanimous wish o( t^jefe comniahding .oiFicer and
oihcers of the Royals, Maje^p^ampbell was transferred
by the authorities, with his company to that regiment,
taking the position of Number Two in the column. The
company, over strength, one evening marched into its
place on the regimental parade with some little cere-
mony.

A permanent record of this interesting incident in
the history of the Ro3als, an event which, according to
the ordinary practice of military historj', (3) establishes
on the part of the 5th Roj'al Scots a right to claim
direct descent from the old Montreal l4ght Infantry, ex-
ists in the shape of the printed company order issued

(3) — Some regimental miml>er.s represent a series of regiments, with, in
certain cases, considerable intervals between the establishment of a new
regiment and the disbandment of its immediate predecessor bearing the .same
number. (Capt O. 1,. Perry's " Rank Badges and Dates in Her Majesty's
Army and Navy," page 145. )

previous to the event by the officer commanding the
coinpanj'. This order reads as follows: —

"In obedience to orders from Lieut. -Colonel Routh,
No. 2 • Company- will formally join the Battalion of
"Royals," on Tuesdaj- evening, the 9th January.

"The men will muster at the City Hall Armory, at
half-past seven o'clock p.m., in full winter uniform, with
greatcoat, tunic, waist belt, and pouch belt, being care-
ful to have everything neat, trim, and soldier-like.

"For the hoflot>dnd fair name of the company, the
Captainv expeets thaC'Svery man will be present.

■': "I^ENNETH CAMPBELL,

&^^.,-t' "Captain No. 2 Roj'als."

This 'coliipan}- order was issued under authority ol
the following' communication: —

Militia Brigade Office, Montreal, 9th .Jan., l86fi

Sir:—

I have the honor, by direction of the commandant,
to acquaint you that the Adjutant General of Militia has
approved of the company under your command being
transferred to the Royal Light Infantry under command
of Lieut.-Colonel Routh.

"Vou are therefore requested to return to the Pro
vincial storekeeper, the arms, accoutrements and cloth-
ing, with stores issued to you for the service of No. 2
Company, Montreal laght Infantsy.

"As your company is intended to replace one o( the
vacant companies of the Royal Light Infantry the com
manding officer of that corps will be prepared to furnish
you with the requisite arms, accoutrements and clothing

"I have the honor to be
"Sir,

Your most obedient .'-er\ant,

"JOHN MACPHERSON, Lt.-Colonel,

"Brigade Major, Militia
"Captain K. Campbell,
"Commanding
"Volunteer Company
"Montreal."

-^'— ^'^>^,>%^«1^^g^*^''^^ - '■=^-

The Fenian Raids of 1866

The year 1866 will always be a memorable one for
Canada, and especially lor the national militia, that be-
ing the year of the first Fenian Raids. Before the raids
actually took place, there was much anxiety felt in Mont
real, for apart altogether from the temptation Montreal
offered to raiders in the way of boot}', and the ready-
communication existing between the city and the chief
centres of population in the United States, it was known
that a branch of the Fenian Brotherhood existed in
Montreal, and it was believed to be a very active body.
During the winter, stories to the effect, that the Fenians
intended to celebrate St. Patrick's Day by capturing the
chief cities of Canada, were given wide circulation. Some
days before that date, the police in making a search on
old Bouaventure street (now St. James West), near the
corner of little St. Antoine street, in connection with an
arrest for an infringement of the revenue laws, discovered
a number of Fenian uniforms and ,some military equip-
ment, and it was feared that the city might be in as
much risk from the local Fenians as from those in the
United States. The discovery was duly reported to the
federal officials, and the following day the military au-
thorities took steps to guard against trouble. Detach-
ments of militia were called out for service in Montreal,
Toronto, Cornwall, Kingston and elsewhere. In Mont-
real the militia armories were strongly guarded, and
guards posted at both ends of the Victoria bridge, at
the gas hou.se, and various other points. The 5th
Battalion, Royal Light Infantry, had their share of these
duties. The night before St. Patrick's Day, Number
Two Company, under Captain Campbell, acted as inly-
ing picquet, being stationed eVl uigfht at the Court
House. There were a few alarms, some pistol firing
occurred, but nothing more. In the month ol April,
there was great activity among the Fenians in the
United States. Along the New York and Vermont
frontiers, con.siderable bodies of Fenians gathered and
drilled, the men being accommodated in the huts erected
for the shelter of United States troops, while being mo-
bilized during the war with the Confederate States. As
a matter of precaution, a considerable force of Canadian
volimteers was kept constantly ready. With very little
warning a company of the Victoria Rifles and one of the
5th Royals were ordered to Cornwall, where on account
of the close proximity of the town and the canal to the
United States frontier, a considerable force was station-
ed for some time. Captain Bacon, commanded the com-

pany of the "Vies," and, although not the senior captain,
Captain Campbell, with his company was ordered to re-
present the Royals. The Montreal volunteers foimd a
number of very line country companies in Cornwall, and
with them were formed into a provisional battalion
under command of I/ieut .-Colonel Higginson. Captain
Bacon's company formed the right flank company, and
Captain Campbell's the left flank one. The duties were
onerous. The volunteers drilled very hard, and performed
a great deal of guard duty, a full company mounting
guard every night on the jail, where several Fenian pri-
soners were confined.

The cotmtry companies of the battalion were com-
posed of very fine men, their physique being far ahead of
the Montreal companies, but in respect to drill and
smartness, the city men carried off the palm. The men
were billeted out in the town, and officers and men re-
ceived the most cordial and hospitable treatment im-
aginable. Upon the return of the Montreal companies
to the city, Ca[)tain Campbell's company was warmly
complimented upon its efliciancy by Lieut, -Colonel
Pakenham, who commanded the military school.

The other officers of Captain Campbell's company
were Lieut. J. W. Kirkwood and Ensign Martin Mathie-
son. The senior non-commissioned officer was Color-
Sergeant Dickson.

During the spring and early summer, there continued
to be threatening movements among the Fenians along
the frontier and at such points of Fenian activity as
New York and Chicago. June the 1st Canada was
startled from end to end by the news that O'Neill's force
had crossed from Buffalo and actually invaded the
Niagara peninsula. This movement at once emboldened
the Fenians along the western section of the frontier
and caused anxiety in Canada lest the Fenians who had
been for so long massing at St. Albans, and Burling-
ton, Vt., and Rouses Point and Malone, N.Y., should
try to make good their long-standing threats to en-
deavor to capture Montreal. As a matter of fact con-
siderable forces of Fenians from Vermont and the New
England States did subsequently make a couple of raids
across the Vermont frontier near Pigeon Hill and ad-
vanced some distance, each time in straggling order, in
the direction of Frelighsburg, or Slab City as it was
then called, withdrawing across the lines in each case.
The second party of raiders had the ill-luck to come in
contact with an advancing force, consisting of regulars,

40

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

and a crack Montreal volunteer cavalry corps of the
day, known as "The Royal Guides", which was organ-
ized among the members of the Montreal Hunt, April, 17,
1863.

This was on Saturday, June the 9th. The Guides,
under the command of Captain D. Lorn Macdougall,
Master of the Montreal Hunt, advanced along the fron-
tier as close to the lines as possible, across the antici-
pated line of retreat of the Fenians, while a party of the
regular troops advancing from the north, accelerated
their retrogade movement. Near Pigeon Hill the Guides
came up to a body of Fenians who had thrown bar-
ricades across a road and seemed disposed to resist. The
Guides, however, soon broke down the barricades and
making a rush upon the P'enians, who were seized by a
panic upon realizing that they were between two fires,
as the regulars were steadily advancing, succeeded in
capturing fifteen prisoners, who were sent to Montreal,
subsequentljf being returned to Sweetsburg for trial.

Upon this occasion the raiders accomplished nothing
beyond alarming the country people, bayonetting a few
cattle, and destroj'ing a considerable amoimt of private
property.

The day that O'Neill and his force of Fenians crossed
from Buffalo to Fort Erie, the Montreal Active Militia
was called upon to provide a force for service along the
frontier. Again the system was adopted of selecting a
company from each of the infantry regiments chosen for
service. About mid-day came the order for a company
from the ist Prince of Wales Rifles, one from the 3rd
Victoria Rifles, and one from the 5th Royals to proceed
that night to St. Johns. The three companies arrived
at St. Johns late that night, the company of the Royals
being commanded by Captain Campbell, that of the
P.W.R., by Captain Bond, and that of the 3rd Victoria
Rifles by Captain Bacon. The companies were assigned
to quarters in the barracks, and quite a large force was
concentrated at St. Johns in a few days. Several com-
panies of the Royal Canadian Rifles (i) were stationed
permanently at this place, and there were also there
Colonel Elrington's battalion of the Rifle Brigade, the
25th King's Own Borderers, some companies of the 30th
Regiment (2), a battery of the Royal Artillery under
Major Pipon, the Chasseurs Canadiens, from Montreal,
under Lieut.-Colonel Coursol, the nth Argenteuil Rang-
ers, under Major Houghton, and several rural companies.

(i) Although the Colonial corps now borne on the "Home Estimates"
are few in number, there were many of them early in the 19th century, there
being at one time no less than eight West India Regiments, the Royal African
Colonial Corps, the ist and 2nd Ceylon Regiments, the Cape Corps the St
Helena Regiment, the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment, etc. The Royal Can-
adian Rifle Regiment was raised for special service in Canada in .841 and
disbanded in 1870. In uniform this corps conformed rather to the 60th Rifles
than to the Rifle Brigade, wearing the green with scarlet facings. The rank
and file consisted of men with previous service in the army, and they were
allowed to participate in civilian pursuits within certain limitations.

(^) The 30th Regiment was raised in 1702; was formerly known as the
Cambridgeshire Regiment, and is now the First Battalion of the East Lan-
cashire Regiment.

Service companies from other Montreal corps were
despatched to other points.

On the morning of June 2nd, the day following the
departure of the service companies, the whole of the
Montreal militia corps were ordered out for active ser-
vice, and at 6 p.m. some of the regiments left by G.T.R.
for Hemmingford via Lachine and Caughnawaga. All
were ordt«red to leave at the same time, but deficiencies
in equipinent and stores prevented the others from leav-
ing. This was particularly the case with the Montreal
Field Battery and the Ro3'als. This matter of defective
equipment, at this time gave Major Grant, commanding
the Royals a chance to demonstrate his firmness of
character. He positively refused to assume the respon-
sibility of taking his regiment out of the city on active
service, imperfectly equipped as they were, without pro-
per arms, boots, blankets, camp equipage, axes, pick-
axes, spades, and other necessary stores. Really no
time was lost by the action of the commanding officer
of the Royals, for some of the corps who left for the
front unprovided for could not move from the railway,
and had to wait until ammunition, boots, etc., could be
sent on to them. As the weather was very wet at this
time, the corps that went to the front improperly
equipped suffered severely from the wet, having no uten-
sils to dig trenches round the tents, or to otherwise
provide for the drainage of their camps.

After much delay and trouble. Major Grant gained
his point and received a new issue of rifles, and boots, as
well as camp tools and other stores, consequently pro-
ceeding to the front in a fairly serviceable condition. The
main bodj- of the regiment proceeded to Hemmingford,
where on Saturday, June 9th, it went into camp, and
had a fine chance to perfect itself in drill, an opportunity
that was made the most of.

The commanding officer was very anxious that
Captain Campbell's company should join regimental
headquarters, but, as Captain Campbell strongly object-
ed to being taken in from the front, it was allowed to
remain at St. Johns.

The St. Johns' garrison amounted to about 3,000
men, and all were kept very busy. The garrison duties
were performed alternately by regular and volunteer re-
giments with a little variation in the case of the Mont-
real service companies. These were formed into a Pro-
visional Battalion with the odd companies of those
regular regiments which were not present in full strengtli.
In this provisional regiment regular and volunteer com-
panies alternated. A company of the 30th was No. i.
Captain Campbell's company of the Royals was No. 2,
a company of the Royal Canadian Rifles, was No. 3,
then Captain Bacon's company of the Victoria Rifles,
and so on. The garrison was commanded by four suc-
cessive commanding officers:— the lieut .-colonel of the
R.C.R., Lt.-Col. Fane, K.O.B., Lt.-Col. Elringion, Rifle
Brigade, and Colonel Pipon, R. A.— Colonel Pipon, in-
spected the volunteer companies when they arrived, and

FORMER MAJORS

MAJOR W. M. BLAIKLOCK

MAJOR H. H. LYMAN

MAJOR THE HON. J. C. McCORKlLL

42

5ih ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

Colonel Elrington when he arrived. Colonel Fane called
out the captains of companies in turn, and made them
drill the battalions and give all detail. Colonel Elring--
ton's inspection was unique. He passed slowly between
the ranks looking critically at the men's rifles and their
boots.

The night after the Montreal companies arrived there
was some excitement caused in St. Johns by the arrival
of Captain Carter of the 30th, and the company placed
under his command, who had retired prccipitably from
the position in which they had been posted as an observ-
ation picket towards the frontier, on the report reaching
them that the Fenians were advancing in force.

One day the Royal Guides passed through St. Johns
on their way by train from Montreal to St. Armand.
The next day or so, thev had their skirmish with the
Fenians at Pigeon Hill, and orders were issued to the
Provisional Battalion at St. Johns, of whith the com-
pany of the Royals formed a part, to advance to the
front in support of the Guides. The battalion was soon
got ready, and formed up in the barrack square in col-
umn, with cainp equippage and field extras all prepared.
The reserve ammimition had actually been sent under
escort to the station, when a special train ot thirty-two
cars arrived bringing a regular regiment and a battery
ol the Roval Artillerv, under orders to join the camj) at
St. Johns.

It then became a question whether the new arrivals
.•should go forward or detrain and let the Provisional
Battalion proceed to the front. To save time it was
decided that the force on the train shoidd i)roceed, and
the Provisional Battalion was dismis.sed from parade.
The disgust of the men was very great and their expres-
sions of annoyance ainoimted almost to insubordination.

The night of the second dav after the arrival of the
Montreal coinpanies there was a night alarm, some
cavalrymen galloping into the town shouting that the
Fenians were close ui)on them. Colonel Elrington would
not disturb one of the men, but had all ol the otlicers
rcu.si'd, and kept them near him all night.

JMajor Campbell, from whom the inlormation re-
garding this ])eriod of the service of the Royals was
obtained, remarked in this connection:— "I can bear
cordial testimony to the good feeling and consideration
shown to us by all the reg\ilar officers. My company of
the Royals seemed to be held in special favor. I think
it was a very remarkable record they made, in that
neither at Cornwall nor at St. Johns, though at the
latter place under the strictest regular army discipline,
not one man of the company was ever under arrest. No
other company in garrison could say the same."

Besides the btigades mobilized at St. Johns and
Hemmingford at this time there were forces of consider-
able strength, including several Montreal corps, at St.
Valentine, Fort Lennox, Stottsville, Frelighsburg, Hunt-
ingdon, Cornwall and elsewhere along the frontier.
Altogether an imposing display of force was made, the

Fenians gradually dispersed, and about the middle ol
June an order was issued relieving most of the volunteer
force from active service. Colonel Fane of the King's
Own Borders courteously had lunch prepared for the
Montreal companies at St. Johns in the mess tent of his
regimeni and sent his band to play them to the station.
Captain Campbell's company arrived Iiack in Montreal
Saturday, June 6th, and the following day the head-
quarters ol the Royals returned Irom the Hemmingford
Irontier, and the whole regiment, with the other troops
returned from the front, were a few days later inspected
on the Champ de Mars.

The force on parade on the historical parade groimd
upon this memorable occasion was given at the time as
follows: — On the right flank were the "Royal Guides, or
the Governor General's Body Guard" (3), and thence
from right to left, H. M. 17th Regiment, Major Heigham
H. M. Rifle Brigade, Major Nixon; H. M. 30th Regiment,
Col. Pakenham; Montreal Garrison Artillery, Lieut.-
Col. I/yman; ist and 2nd Companies, Montreal Engineers
Captain Kennedy; Victoria Rifles, Lieut. -Col. Heward;
5th Royals, Major Grant.; 6th Hochelagas, Major Isaac-
son; Cliasseurs Canadiens, Captain Audet; 1st P. W.
Rifles, Lt.-Col. B. Devlin ; No. i Troop Cavalry, Lieut.
Muir, No. 2 Troop Cavalry, Capt. Perry ; the brigade
being under command of Colonel Elrington of the Rifle
Brigade.

For want of room two batteries of the Royal Artil-
lery under Col. Pipon, and the Montreal Field Battery,
Major Stevenson, were forined up on Craig street, while
the four 18 pounders of the M.G.A. were drawn up on
Fortification Lane.

During the time the force was on active service at
the front the whole population of Montreal was in the
throes of a spasm of military arhour. Sieps were taken
to reorganize several old militia corps and to raise some
new ones. City Drill Associations and Home Guards,
something after the style of the Ward Associations of
the Rebellion, were organized for drill, and were even de-
tailed for guard duties. At one parade of the Drill
Associations in the Crystal Palace on June 8th, no less
than 1,000 men were i)resent. The Montreal drill asso-
ciations were eventually formed by the militia authorities
into three battalions of "Service Militia" as follows: —
1st Battalions, 10 companies, Lieut. 'Colonel the Hon.
James Ferrier; 3rd Battalion, 5 companies, Lieut. -Col.
P. J. C. Chauveau; 4th Battalion, 6 companies, Lieut. -
Col. J. Redpath.

One company organized at this time was given the
designation of the old Montreal Rifle Rangers and drilled
regularly at Burnsidc Ilall. Another company was

(3) This corps is not likely to be mistaken for Toronto's excellent cavalry
regiment, the Governor Generals Body Guard, formed by Captain G. T. Den-
nison, senior, in 1S22, as the Vork Dragoons, and having a continuous exist-
ence ever since, although known by various designations— the Queen's Light
Dragoons, the Toronto Independent Troop of Cavalry, the Governor General's
Body Guard for Upper Canada, etc. Its present designation is "The Gover-
nor General's Body Guard," a title applied for five years before the Montreal
corps which once bore the name was organized.

,-/// ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

43

composed of veterans of the French army and navy,
iivinp in Montreal, who volunteered on the condition
that they be drilled in the French lanjjtiajre, as they did
not understand English. They were accepted on the
conditions mentioned.

The work of reviving the old Montreal I^ight Infantry
was taken up with spirit, Captain T. R. Whitehead
assuming the duties of Adjutant. A meeting of Scotch-
men was called to form one company, and Major W. B.
r,ambe, Captain John James Browne, and Captain F.

infantrj' was in active progress under Lieut .-Colonel J.
M. Ross, a most amiable gentleman and capable ofFicer,
and Major Molson. Major Cam])bell ol the Royals was
offered the position of junior major, which he accepted,
raising a full company for the corps in a short time.
In Decemlier, 1866, Major Campbell was sent with a
detachment of 65 men of the M. L. I., to Sweetsburg to
assist in guarding the Fenian prisoners who had been
captured during the raids and were to be tried there.
Besides the detachment of the Montreal Light Infantry,

Jacques, who assumed command resjjcctively ot numbers
two, lour and six companies, entered with great /.eal
into the work of enrolling men.

The local officials and workmen of the Grand Trunk
enlisted, to a man, almost, in the newly authorized corps
of the Grand Trunk Brigade, to the command of which,
Mr. C.J. Brydges had been gazetted. This brigade was
recruited all over the G.T.R. railway system and 2,080
railway men enlisted in a few days, being lormed into
two battalions of garrison artillery and four ol rifles.

At the time of the return of the 5th Royals from the
front, the work of reorganizing the Jlontreal Light

there was at Sweetsburg, a countrv company of the
same strength, and thirty of the Montreal Government
Harbor Police, and this little force was on duty for
about two months. Lieut. -Col. Osborne Smith was in
nominal command, but Major Campbell was in actual
charge. It was a hard service, but full of excitement and
pleasurable militarj' duty. There were .several exposed
posts to be maintained and there were no sentry boxes
for the men. An inlying picket of twenty men was
mounted every night, and the detachments did a great
deal of good drill despite the cold and the snow. There
was one exciting night alarm, the men turning out with

44

^=ith ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

alacrity. Colonel Osborne Smith having returned to
Montreal a few days after the detachment was called
out, left to Major Campbell the duty of reporting to him
by wire every day. The force on duty at Sweetsburg at
this time under Major Campbell's command, had the
unique distanction of being armed with magazine rifles —
Spencer Carbines — for which Major Campbell had to im-
provise a manual and platoon exercise. Thus the 130
militiamen on duty at this time can claim to be among
the first troops of the country's defensive force to use
the class of weapons with whicn the whole force is now
armed.

Meantime the trials of the Fenian prisoners proceed-
ed without special incident. Some were condemned to
death, and afterwards respited, the rest let ofi. The
lights of civil officialdom at the trials were Colonel Er-
matinger Judge Johnson and T. K. Ramsav, K. C,
(afterwards Judge). They, and all of the other officers
on this duty except Major Campbell, are dead.

After the frenzy of military excitement in i866, a
reaction set in, and the militia service fell into neglect,
as well by the public as by the government. In the
autumn of 1867, business engagements compelled Major
Campbell to retire, and about the same time several
other officers resigned. Shortly afterwards the Montreal
Light Infantry succombed to the prevailing depression
which had .settled down over the militia, and died a na-
tural death, although it was never struck ofi the roll by
General Order, and if desired could probably be reor-
ganized. This historical old corps is recalled by its old
colors, of the former large pattern, now hanging in St.
Georges' Church. Lieut. -Colonel Benjamin Holmes kept
the colors in his own drawing room. His son Major
Holmes, of the Royal Canadian Rifles, after his father's
death, was at a loss to know what to do with them and
decided to ask the authorities of St. Georges' Church to
allow them to remain there.

The Fenian Raids of 1870

The depression in the military spirit of the country,
due to a certain extent, to the natural reaction succeed-
ing the violent excitement of 1866, but in a greater
measure to the official discouragement encountered by
the Active Militia, showed little improvement even under
the influence of reports circulated in the autumn of 1869,
and the winter of 69-70, that the Fenians were organizing
for another raid. It was prophesied that no reasonable
men would allow themselves to be led into a second
lizzie like ihat of 1866.

Considerable surprise was occasioned throughout the
province when on the evening of Saturday, April 6th,
orders were received by their commanding officers, Lieut.-
Colonels McEacharn, Rogers and Chamberlin, for tne
calling out of the 50th Battalion Huntingdon Borderers,
the 51st Battalion Hemmingford Rangers, and ihe 60th
Mississquoi Battalion, for active service.

The order caused surprise nowhere more than along
the frontier, where the people thought that they were
thoroughly conversant with the actual state of affairs
and could see no reason why the militia should be called
under arms.

The Huntingdon Gleaner, one of the best informed
of the frontier papers, on April 15th, remarked editor-
ially, that there was nothing whatever to justify any
apprehensions of a Fenian Raid. The people continued to
be incredulous as to the necessity of these preparations
and regarded the military stir as due to a false alarm of
wolf. The writer in the "Gleaner" added: — "Persons
who left Malone, (N.Y.) and Chateauguay (N.Y.), on
Monday were astonished on reaching the Canadian fron-
tier to find the alarm which existed, they declaring that
there was not a word of any Fenian movement in either
of these places. That the local Fenian circles along the
frontier have of late held frequent meetings, is certain,
but a similar, and even greater stir has been noted before
and yet resiilted in nothing. Besides it is hardly to be
believed that the Fenians of Malone and Burke would
move by themselves, so that unless intelligence of rein-
forcements by railway, as in 1866, had reached us, we
would not have considered the government justified in
acting as they have done. It is likely, however, that
they have had secret information of a raid, of which the
public knows nothing. We hope their information has
been of a reliable character, for certainly they will be
much to blame for alarming the country, injuring bus-

iness, and incurring heavy expenses, if it turns out that
they have summoned the Volunteers to arms on any
other than the most valid grounds."

On Tuesday evening, April 12th, the Montreal militia
corps paraded and received orders to hold themselves in
readiness to move at any time. Between regulars and
militia, a force of 3,000 men was concentrated in Mont-
real, ready to proceed at a moment's notice to any point
particularly threatened.

The troops on active service along the frontier devot-
ed themselves to patrolling the roads near the frontier,
to guarding the frontier villages, and to drill.

Meantime, despatches from across the lines, told of
reported movements of Fenians from New York, Chicago
and other large cities remote from the frontier, but
there was an air of decided unreliability about them
which was accentuated by other desi)atches from St.
Albans, Malone, Chateauguay, Burke, Hollow and other
recognized centres of Fenian activity on the United
States side of the international line asserting that there
had been no noticeable arrivals of either men or arms.

Fridav, April 29th, orders were received to relieve
half of the force on duty along the frontier from active
service, and shortly afterwards a second order was re-
ceived bv telegraph to disiniss the whole force. The
latter order was proinptly put into execution, the Mont-
real cavalry starting from Huntingdon for home via
Caughnawaga, Monday morning. May 2nd, arriving in
the city early the louowmg alternoon.

As was to be expected in a free countrj' like Canada,
where all have complete liberty to express themselves on
current topics, regardless of the actual facts, the milit-
ary authorities were subjected to much criticism and ri-
dicule on account of the military preparations taken at
this time. And in some quarters, some of the ridicule
was aimed at the militia force. As a matter of fact the
calling out of the troops was proved by subsequent
events to be quite justified, while the three full weeks of
active service, with their almost incessant drills, their
patrols, picquets and other service experiences, proved of
inestimable value in preparing the frontier corps for the
stern duty they were soon to find themselves charged
with.

May 24th, 1870, arrangements had been made for
several important military reviews in honor of the
Queen's Birthday, including a big demonstration at

46

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

Montreal. It was reported that the Fenians had an-
nounced their intention to celebrate the day by invading
Canada and capturing a number of frontier towns.

The Montreal corps paraded on the morning of the
24th, and as the day was wet, orders were issued not to
turn out, but to await further orders. At one o'clock
orders were issued to form uj) in brigade, and a big
hollow square being formed, Lieut-Colonel Osborne
Smith, D.A.G., delivered an address in which he stated
that the Fenians were on the frontier, that the Montreal
regiments on parade were to consider themselves on ac-
tive service and under pay from that moment, and that
a service company from each regiment would be required
to leave for the front that afternoon, the rest of the
force to remain under arms ready to leave at a moment's
notice. At foiir o'clock the service companies were in-
spected by Lieut.-Colonel Smith, and afterwards left for
the front, marching to the Grand Trunk Railway station,
and their train leaving at seven o'clock. They proceeded
at once to St. Johns, St. Armand, Frelighsburg and
other points on the frontier. The company of the Royals
was detailed for duty at St. Johns, the company of the
Victoria Rifles going on to Frelighsburg.

The next day, May 25th, was one long remembered
in Montreal. Early in the afternoon word was received
that the Missisquoi Home Guards and a detachment of
the 60th Missisquoi Battalion were engaged with a Fe-
nian force under General O'Neill at Eccles Hill or
Cooke's Corners, and that the service company of the
Victoria Rifles had advanced to their assistance. An
editorial in the Witness on May 26th, reviewed the excite-
ment of the previous day.

At live a.m., the volunteers began to assemble in
the Drill Shed. The morning was damp and drizzly, but
this did not seem to damp their ardor, and they expoct-
ed hourly to be sent to the front to take an active part
in the apparently impending contest. The time went on,
and they were kept more or less in marching order.
Their only marching, however, was in going to snatch
a hasty breakfast and dinner, and in returning to the
shed. In the meantime telegrams began to arrive hour-
ly from different points, and soon after mid-day the city
became aware that fighting was going on between the
force on the frontier and O'Neill's force of Fenians. The
sidewalks of St. James street were dotted with groups
of people enquiring for the latest news, and rumor was
busy with her many tongues, some of which told rather
siartling tales of disaster and the death of some of the
volunteers. The enemy, too, were known of a certainty
to have suffered, and by three in the afternoon the repulse
of the Fenians at Eccles' Hill and Cooke's Corners was
telegraphed as positive. At a later hour the news came
that the Fenian general, O'Neill, had been gobbled up,
in the midst of his army by the United States marshal.
Then the somewhat nervous and apprehensive feeling of
the morning gave way to one of confidence, that all was
right for the time being. There was also a feeling of

admiration for the conduct of the farmers and militia,
who had so gallantly repulsed the enemy — an exploit in
which a few of the city volunteers had been privileged to
take part.

"As the afternoon wore on, the numbers upon Great
St. James street, increased. The newspaper offices were
besieged with crowds anxious to read the latest bulletin
or buy a copy of the last edition or extra. The volun-
teers who were assembled at the old drill hall, on Craig
street, opposite the Champ de Mars, hourly expected to
inarch, and at about five o'clock, when the Prince of
Wales Rifles, the Victorias, the 5th Royals and 6th
Hochelaga Light Infantry issiied from the building they
were met by a burst of cheers from the spectators
gathered on Craig street and lining the slope of the
Champ de Mars. The brigade proceeded with bands
playing up Place d'Armes Hill, and along St. James
street, where they received a perfect ovation of cheers,
to McGill street, marching thence to Point St. Charles,
whence they embarked on the railway cars for the front.
Afterwards the crowd diminished a little, but it soon
became known that the Garrison Artillery and the
Montreal Engineers would also depart during the evening
for somewhere at the front. The chief enquiry then was
as to whether there was any truth, and what amount,
in the rtnnors of casualties on the part of the Canadian
force. Fears were allayed by later tidings that no one
on the Canadian side had been hurt, but that several
Fenians had been left dead on the field, and a number
were wounded. Telegrams continued to come in, and be-
tween ten and eleven o'clock the Garrison Artillery and
Engineers created a new sensation by marching through
the city to Point St. Charles, there to embark for the
Huntingdon frontier. Great numbers of people remained
on the streets, and the newspaper offices did not close
till eleven o'clock."

A couple of days afterwards, upon the receipt of the
news of the fighting at Trout River on the Huntingdon
frontier, where the Fenians, advancing from Malone,
N.Y., were routed, there was a repetition of the excite-
ment of the 25th in Montreal.

The Royals upon the occasion of this service left the
city imder the command of Lieut. -Colonel Grant, though
Colonel Routh went out to St. Johns, where the Mont-
real infantrj- regiments were brigaded, to assume the
command of his battalion. He was accompanied by
Major Kenneth Campbell, who had been asked by the
officers to go with the regiment as Major, and had ob-
tained by telegraph special permission from Militia
Headquarters, at Ottawa, to do so. Colonel Routh and
Major Campbell arrived at St. Johns after dark, and
found that the Royals, with the rest of the Montreal
brigade, had been sent off to St. Armand, in support of
the force engaged at Eccles Hill. The brigade advanced
to Pigeon Hill, when, as word was received of the com-
plete demoralization of the Fenians, they returned to
St. Armand and arrived back at St. Johns the same

STAFF SERGEANTS 5th ROYAL SCOTS

1904

SERGT.-MAJOR T. A. GARDINER

Q. M. SERGT. B. HOWARD P. M. SERGT. J. MUNN

ARMORY SERGT. W. BROWN ORDERLY ROOM CLERK W. R. EAKIN

BANDMASTER C. ANTONEY PIPE MAJOR D. MANSON

48

Kth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

night. Once more there was quite a large garrison at
St. Johns, including Lord Alexander Russell's battalion
of the Rifle Brigade, which was at the time quartered
in Montreal, and of which H.R.H. Prince Arthur, now
Duke of Connaught, was an officer. Lord Alexander
Russell, commanded the brigade, and Prince Arthur serv-
ed on his staff. The men of the Royals and the other
Montreal corps were billetted in the town of St. Johns,
the officers sta3'ing at the hotels. The force remained
at St. Johns about a week, the duties during that time
being very light. The Royals had a great deal of very
enjoyable drilling, and the battalion was worked up
very thoroughly. Major Campbell was selected to act
as Brigade Major, but preferring to remain on regimontal
duty, the appointment went to an officer of the Victoria
Rifles.

Several reviews of the brigade were held, at the last
of which the Royals were half an hour late on parade.
The adjutant made some mistake in his orders, and the
men being in scattered billets, it was impossible to rec-
tify the error in time. When the various corps were dis-
missed to their private parades the Rovals were ordered

to stand fast, and Lord Russell went through the form
of reprimanding them. Colonel Grant rather humorou.s-
ly gave his reasons, which were accepted in an equally
humorous way, and that ended the incident.

The officers of the Royals on service upon this occa-
sion included the following' — I^ieut. -Colonel H. Routh,
Major Kenneth Campbell, Major John Grant, Captains
James Esdaile, Fred Mackenzie, Walter Scott, Hector
Mackenzie, Lieutenants Geo. W. Major, T. Ostell, (Ad-
jutant), Ensigns Geo. McDougall, E. J. Major, J. S.
Whitney, Martin Mathieson.

The Montreal regiments returned to the city in a
body and were reviewed on the Champ de Mars. I,ieut.-
Colonel Grant being in command of the Brigade, Major
Campbell was in command of the Royals.

This was the last parade of the Royal Light Infan-
try. How many alas! of its gallant officers and men are
awaiting the last trumpet call of the Resurrection?
Among the officers who have passed over to the great
majority, are Routh, Ross, Grant, the two Mackenzies,
Esdaile, Scott, Ostell, the two Matthewsons, Drake, and
manv others.

<3.

The Fifth Royal Fusileers

The Fenian raids over, troubles of another char-
acter, and changes of a very radical nature, were ahead
of the Fifth Royals.

After the Active Militia had been relieved from ser-
vice in 1870, another of those periods of depression, which
have been so frequent, settled down upon the country's
defensive force. The country had barely had time to
accustom itself to the new form of organization which
came into effect on the first Dominion Day. The govern-
ment had a great deal of departmental organization to
attend to, and there were inter-provincial differencies to
be reconciled, and a new corps of officials to shake
down into their places. The Active Militia came in for
even more than the usual share of official neglect, and
volunteer soldiering fell to the low water mark. Many
officers, who had been attracted to the force by patriot-
ism, rather than by love of soldiering, at the time the
safety of the country appeared to be imperilled, resigned,
and few of the regiments retained anv appreciable degree
of efficiency. It was at this time that the episode of
the "Royals" being gazetted out of the service occurred.
There are few living to-day who know the inside facts
of this incident, the generally accepted belief being that
the 5th Royal IJght Infantry actually ceased to exist
for a time, but was eventually born again as the 5th
Royal Fusileers. This is far from being the case. As a
matter of fact the regiment was far from going out of
existence at this time.

Major Campbell gives the following version of this
incident: —

"The officers of the battalion had incurred the dis-
pleasure of the then D.A.G., by refusing to assist in
a certain military ball, and some .sharp words had pass-
ed. Taking advantage of some technical failure to comply
with a certain re-enrollment order, the regimumt was
reported to Ottawa as being inefficient and disorganized,
although as a matter of fact it was in no worse shape
than any other corps in the citv. Without any warning,
without any steps being taken to call in the arms,
uniforms and equipment, the "Royal Light Infantry"
was gazetted out. Colonel Routh called us together, a
memorial which I had drawn up, strongly worded, was
adopted, and a deputation appointed to present it to the
Minister of Militia, Sir George E. Cartier. He was in
town then, living in his own house on Notre Dame street
opposite the old Donegana Hotel. The minister did not
know anything about the matter, and I remember being

surprised and a little disgusted to find that he did not
seem to know even the names of the Montreal Corps.
We also stirred up the editors of the papers, who wrote
indignant articles. I was it.structed to draw up a
statement of the whole affair, which was published in
pamphlet form and largely distributed. We meant to
flood parliament with them and make it very hot for
the powers-that-were, but they got scared, and begged
us to do no more, as they would undo what had been
done. The next Official Gazette cancelled the obnoxious
order, and, as Colonel Routh and Lieut. -Colonel Grant
both resigned, the regiment was placed under command
of the late Captain Fred Mackenzie, and was in that
shape when the work of reorganization was taken up in

1875."

The old order books at the Brigade Office give the
text of the orders mentioned in the preceding.

General Orders of June 2, 1871, specified that the 5th
Battalion, Royal Light Infantry, "Having become dis-
organized, is removed from the list of Active Militia
Corps."

The remedial order published in the Official Gazette
August 1 2th, 1 87 1, read as follows: —

"With reference to G. O. 2nd June, 1871. Two com-
panies are hereby authorized to be enrolled from among
the members of the late 3th Battalion "Royal Light
Infantry" with a view to the reorganization of that
corps xmder the command of the two (late) Senior
Captains of the battalion, viz.. Captain Frederick Mac-
kenzie, and Captain Hector Mackenzie."

April 12, 1872, a General Order was issued as follows:

"Adverting to G.O.s. (14) 2nd June, 1871, and (18)
I2th August, 1871, the 5th Battalion "Royal Light In-
fantry," Montreal is hereby authorized to be reorga:nized
and will be reinstated in its former position and prece-
dence in the Active Militia of the Dominion of Canada."

While matters were in this unsettled condition in the
Royals, and the corps still under Captain Mackenzie's
command, an event which had an important bearing on
the future of the regiment in question, as upon several
other of the existing militia corps of the city occurred.
The Grand Trunk Brigade was broken up. Anticipating
this event, on May 27th, 1875, a number of the men of
Point St. Charles who had served in the G.T.R. brigade,
forwarded a letter to Major Kenneth Campbell, request-
ing him to organize a new militia battalion among the
men of the old G.T.R. corps, and promising their sup-

50

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

port. This movennmt was headed by Thomas Gough
and Henry Clarke, and the letter they submitted to
Major Campbell, mentioned as supporters of the move-
ment, many whose names have since become familiar in
the local militia force. Among others, were the follow-
ing:—G. Imrie, O. Fenwick, J. C. Wilson, C. May, J.
Anthony, Thos. Pike, D. Turnbull, J. Pitts, J. Ruther-
ford, H. Gibson, G. Denison, J. Burns, R. A. Kellond,
and many others.

The body of the document read as follows: —

"It appears that the Grand Trimk Brigade is to be

broken up, and as there are a great number of the men

still in favor of holding on to the volunteers, they had a

meeting last night and came to the conclusion of form-

5th Royals, and Mr. Fred Lydon, later for some years
instructor and adjutant of the Royal Scots, and, at the
time, a member of one of the G.T.R. corps, had joined
forces with Captain Atkinson. Together they were urg-
ing Major Campbell to assume the lead in connection
with the reorganization of the 5th Battalion, and to
take advantage of the large amount of excellent military
material available by the disbandment of the Grand
Trunk Brigade.

Naturally the proposal which appealed most strongly
to Major Campbell was the one to proceed with the re-
organization of the 5th Battalion. Most of the Grand
Trunk men agreed to support such a movement. Major
Campbell, alter consulting with Captain Mackenzie, un-

REVIEW OF THE MONTREAL VOLUNTEERS ON LOGAN'S FARM, OCTOBER Uth, 1862.

Presentation of the colors, which were the gift of the ladies of Montreal, by Her Excellency Lady Monck, lo the Royals, now the

5th. Royal Scots of Canada. The same colors are still in use.

ing an independent battalion. They then appointed a
deputation to wait on you, to know if you would have
no objection to be their Colonel. If this meets wiih
your approval, they will leave the officers to you to
appoint, but they want none but gentlemen that will
take an interest in their companies. Captain Huddell,
from Bonaventure (station), informs us that he can
raise two companies. This corps if formed, will be open
to any young men to join, and we have no doubt, but
before one month, th« battalion will be filled up.v"

About this time, Capt. Theo. Atkinson, the prime mov-
er in the reorganization of the 5th, then adjutant of the
6th Hochelaga Light Infantry, was in communication
with Major Campbell about the reorganization of the

dertook to proceed with the work, and placed his purse
and military knowledge unreservedly at the disposal of
those willing to assist him. According to the testimony
of Major Thomas Atkinson, given a few years before his
death, "Had it not been for the part Major Campbell
played in the reorganization of his old corps, the Royal
Scots of Canada would not be in existence to-day. "I
well remember," added Major Atkinson, speaking of this
reorganization, "deputation after deputation waiting on
him (Major Campbell), and begging him to assume the
command, but he steadfastly refu.sed. Even the govern-
ment could not induce him to accept. The gift of the
CO. was in his hands, and it was he that persuaded
Lieut. -Colonel J. D. Crawford to take command. He

COLOR-SERGEANTS 5th ROYAL SCOTS

1904
J. J. ROONEY H. W. HARBESON

D. A. BETHUNE A. POPE

S. S. DRABBLE G. W. FOLEY

C. SEVERS J. H. A. MACKAY

J2

3th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

also waived in favor of H. S. McDougall, Esq., for the
senior majority, and obtained all the officers for the
corps."

A number of gentlemen were invited to become offi-
cers by a circular reading as follows: —

Montreal, August i8, 1875.
Dear Sir,
I am authorized by Capt. Fred Mackenzie, senior

stamp to form ten companies could be enrolled in a very
short time, and it is only necessary that officers of every
grade, men of capacity, position and experience, should
be nominated without delay.

"It is propo.scd to bring up the strength of the Bat-
talion to ten companies, — to change the name to
"Royal Fusileers," — to wear the Fusileer Bearskin, — tr
have attached to the corps a full military band, as well
as a drum corps, — and to introduce a number of

officer of the uxisting detachment of the 5th Royal Light
Infantry, to ask if you would be willing to assist in the
reorganization of that corps. The support of the mem-
bers of the late Grand Trimk Battalion has been secured,
and the services of the best men of the large body of
discharged soldiers now living in Montreal, have been
proffered, so that circumstances of an exceptionally
favorable kind offer themselves to that end.

"It is quite certain that sufficient men of the right

schemes calculated to foster a true esprit-de-corps, among
its members.

"The matter, if promptly dealt with, will certainly
result in success, and the "Old Corps" will reappear, as
it used to be, second to none in prestige, style, physicjue,
drill, and, it is to be hoped, in .smart and capable offi-
cers.

"If sufficient encouragement is given, I am instructed
to say that a meeting will at once be called for prelim-

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

53

inary consultation. Meanwhile, I beg you will permit
me to place your name amongst those who are willing
to assist.

"Will you kindly favor me (in Capt. Mackenzie's
absence) with j-our reply on or before inst.

"Your Obedient Servant,

"Kenneth Campbell,

"Late Major R.L.I."

tinctively Scottish name it was intended from its very
mception to give it as pronounced a Scottish character
as possible.

In opening the meeting and referring to the alacrity
with which the old Royal Regiment was formed during
the Trent disturbance, Col. Dyde stated that the regiment
was raised and ready before a regiment of the regular
reinlorcements had arrived from England. The other regi-
ments also recruited rapidly, so that at that time, he
had the opportunity of reviewing 4,000 volunteers on the
Champ de Mars. He felt satisfied that the men before

'»i«: fii^

■W:

LIEUT.-COL. FRANK CAVERHILL AND OFFICERS

Sth Royal Scots of Canada
1888

The work of reorganization was materially assisted
by a public meeting convened in the old Perry Hall on
Craig street, "opposite the foot of Alexander street.

Some of the details of this gathering published at the
time are interc-ting as conveying an idea of the spirit
which resulted in the reorganization, and as giving some
personal reminiscences of the old regiment.

The chair was occupied by Lieut. -Colonel .John Dyde,
the hall was gaily decorated with flags, and besides two
brass bands, there were present the fife and drum corps
of the 6th Hochelaga Ivight Ir.fantry, and a piper. Al-
though the regiment was not to be given at once a dis-

hiiTi would prove a credit to their corps and to the city.
He was glad that the 5th Royals did not altogether die,
and left assured that the regiment under its new aus-
pices would become, if not better, at an}' rate fully as
good as it ever had been. He had the pleasure of being
connected with the regiment twelve or thirteen yoars
previously, and believed that the officers and men were
of such a character as to reflect credit on the regiment
and the country. They had done much in the past, with-
out remuneration, in the face of many difficulties. It
was to be hoped that Colonel .Tohn Grant would conti-
nue still to occupy his place in the regiment.

54

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

In response to loud calls for Colonel Grant, that
gentleman addressed the audience briefly, explaining that
he had been suffering for some time previously, and was
still suffering from severe indisposition. He was, how-
ever, bound to be present at the intended reorganization
ot the old regiment.

Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher, C.M.G., spoke of the old
corps as having the reputation of being one of the best
of the city. He had been informed that the rolls were
rapidly filling up and he was glad of it. There was
already in the city a force of about 1,200 men, and when
the Fusileers were formed there would be a goodly
number more to add to that number.

Major Campbell sketched the history of the old
Royals. This regiment was born a lusty baby, and in a
few days became a full grown man. A better regiment
never walked the streets of Montreal. Colonel Stevenson
of the Guards, in reviewing them had commented on
their physique, and made a favorable comparison between
the regiment, and the best regiments in Her Hajesty's
service. Its members were alwaj^s on hand, and ready
to turn out in an emergency. The speaker went on to
explain that the regiment as being reorganized, was still
the old regiment. He was delighted to think that there
were 130 old regulars enrolled in the regiment who
had served with distinction and honor in Her Majesty's
service. Another distinction the regiment would have,
would be the fact that two Highland companies, both
flank companies, had been enrolled, that on the right
flank, being composed of former members of the 78th
Highlanders. There were 232 names on the roll, which
he hoped to see completed in a few days and forwarded
to Ottawa. The speaker concluded by expressing his
gratification at the presence of the fife and drum band of
the 6th Hochelagas. The volunteers were bound together
by that one bond which every British subject ought to
feel dearest to his heart— that of loyalty to his sovereign
and to his flag.

At the close of the addresses there was much enthu-
siasm and many recruits .signed the rolls.

The reorganization of the regiment entailed consider-
able hard labor upon Major Campbell and Captain At-
kinson, who, together, may fairly be said to have done
the bulk of the work.

Major Campbell agreed to accept the junior majority
but circumstances necessitated his retaining the com-
mand of Number One Company. This company was
composed of old soldiers, remarkably well up in drill,
most of them men who had taken their discharge from
the 78th Highlanders. The j'ounger officers had heard
so much about old soldiers being troublesome that they
hesitated to assume the responsibility. Major Campbell
found them intelligent, young Scottish soldiers, and
never had the least trouble with them.

A General Order of November 19, 1875, provided as
follows:— "The additional designation of the 5th Batta-

lion, is hereby changed from "Royal Light Infantry," to
"Fusileers." (i)

The same issue of General Orders contained the ap-
pointments of the following officers to the battalion: —
Lieut.-Colonel James David Crawford, Captains Kenneth
Campbell, .Tames Thomas Ostell, Frederick Mackenzie,
Thomas B. Warren, Hartland S. Macdougall, Edmond P.
Hennaford.

Lieutenants Randolph Clarke, Wm. F. Torrance,
George Alfred Winks, Frederick S. Lyman, John Grant
Jr., Albert Whyte.

Ensign, James A. McLennan.

Captain and Adjutant (transferred from 6th Batta-
lion), Thomas Atkinson.

Surgeon, John M. Drake, M.D.

Of the above officers, Lieut.-Col. Crawford retired
April 14th 1882. (2) Captain Campbell was gazetted
Major February 25th, 1876, and retired retaining rank,
November 26, 1880. Captain Ostell resigned May 25,
1877 and Captain Mackenzie, September 3rd, 1880. Cap-
tain Warren resigned November 30, 1877. Captain Mac-
dougall was gazetted Major February 25th, 1876, and
retired .Tan. 13, 1881.

In General Orders of January 14, 1876, appeared the
following:— "No i of General Orders (31) 19th November,
1875, is hereby amended by prefixing the word "Royal"

(i) Infantry regiments being now all around alike and all liable to per-
form the same duties, the distinguishing names of "Fusileers," "Grenadiers,"
• Light Infantry," " Rifles," etc., still borne by British and Colonial regi-
ments, are, and have been for many years, like "Royal," etc. purely honorary
titles. While the modern military firearm was being evolved military men
had to adapt themselves to circumstances The more effective firearms
originally were very heavy, and slow operating, in some conditions of war-
fare accuracy and range of fire were of paramount importance; in others,
manoeuvring power. Both could not be had in combination, so some regi-
ments were armed with heavy firearms, others with light. The first regiment
equipped as Fusileers in the British service was the "City of London"
Regiment (yth Foot), raised in 1865, during the reign of James II. Fusilerr
regiments were originally intended for the special protection of artillery, the
men in charge of the cannon in these days being artificers and civilians, and
not soldiers. The " grenade " is still borne by Fusileers as a distingui>hing
badge in memory of this ancient service. Fusileers had no company colours,
and consequently no officers called Ensigns, their junior subalterns being
called, as in the service generally st present. Second Lieutenants The City
of London Fusileers had formerly one company of "miners," who carried
long carbines and hammer hatchets. The ordinary companies of Fusileer
regiments, officers as well as men, were armed with fusils, or light flint lock
arquebuses, fired from the shoulder. The arquebuse, the arm of the ordinary
infantry in the reign of Charles I. (1625 to 16^9), had a barrel about 30 inches
long, weighing about 12 to 15 pounds, and carrying a bullet weighing seven-
teen to the pound. So that the Fusileers were the first light infantry of the
service, and the Fusileer regiments were early regarded as corps d'elite. The
famous Northumberland Fusileers, the Fighting Fifth, was granted the
designation of Fusileers as a special distinction for its gallantry in defeating
a French Grenadier and Fusileer brigade at Wilhelmstahl in 1762-7.

There is a somewhat confusing difference of opinion as to the spelling of
the word " Fusileer," The standard dictionaries give the word in twth forms
— " Fusileer " and " Fusilier "—and both are used in the regular service and
in service papers. In the Canadian Militia List the word is used as "Fusilier '
in all cases In the Montreal brigade the official designation of the 5th
Fusileers was as spelt, the 6th adopting the form " Fusiliers," and handing it
down to the ist P. W. F. upon amalgamation. The use of the word as
" Fusileer." when used in a general sense in this volume, is in accordance
with regimental usage in the 5th. Etymologically, we derived the word from
the French " Fusillier," derived from the word fusil, a light flint matchlock,
that being in turn derived from the " focile," the Italian word for flint.

(2) Lieut.-Colonel Crawford was one of the organizers and original
Captains of the 3rd Victoria Rifles, and was an efficient and popular officer

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

55

to "Fusileers," making the additional designation of the
5th Battalion to be "Royal Fusileers." (3)

The first inspection of the reorganized regiment was
held in the large hall in the upper storey of Bonsecours
Market in April, 1876, the inspecting officer being Lieut. -
Colonel Fletcher, C.M.G., D.A.G., The uniforms and
arms, not having as yet been supplied the men, they were
simply formed into companies, and the inspection did not
extend beyond an examination of the physique of the
recruits. After the inspection, Colonel Fletcher briefly

regret that he was obliged to retire from the regiment
owing to ill health. He had heard many expressions of
astonishment from military men that evening at the fine
appearance presented by the members of the regiment,
as well as at the enthusiasm which pervaded the ranks.
It was stated at this parade that the regiment was to
have three companies composed solely of old regulars,
two of them, the flank companies, being made up of
former members of the 78th, and one, of those of the
6()th Rifles.

addressed the regiment, expressing his satisfaction with
the appearance of the men, who, he said, were all fit for
service. H& believed if two or three additional companies
were required lor the regiment, the men to fill them
would be on hand. In a week or two the officers would
be gazetted, and the 5th Royal Fusileers would then be
a regularly constituted corps.

At this parade, which was under the command of
Major Macdougall, Lieut.-Colonel Grant expressed his

(3) There are various " Royal " Kusileer regiments in the regular service,
as for instance the famou.s " Royal Welsh Fusileers," the ' Royal Irish
Fusileers," etc., but the regiment properly designated the " Royal Fusileers"
'8 the 7th City of London Regiment.

The four inner companies of the battalion wore the
regulation imiform of the Royal Fusileer regiments, in
the British service, the two flank companies, wearing the
regulation Highland doublet with tartan trews. All tht«
companies wore the Fusileers head-dress, with the gre-
nade on ihe front of the busby and a white bru.sh at the
side.

The reorganized regiment did not take part in the
Queen's Birthday review of the Montreal brigade in 1876,
the first brigade parade in which the corps participated
being an inspection turnout of the brigade on the Champ
de Mars, November 1st, 1876, the inspecting officer being

56

Sill ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

Major General E. Selby Smythe, at that time in com-
mand of the Canadian Militia. The 5th Royal P'usileers
were numerically the strongest unit on parade, the
brigade parade state being given as follows: — Montreal
Hussars, 30; Montreal Engineers, 38; 1st Prince of Wales
Rifles, 232; 3rd Victoria Rifles, 260; 5th Royal Fusileers,
270; 6th Fusiliers (formerly 6th Hochelaga Light Infant-
ry), 254. According to the newspapers reports the 5th
Fusileers made a very favorable impression upon this
occasion. Of the march past, the Herald report stated
that the cheering with which the crowd had greeted the
preceding corps "was doubled when the Royals came
forging ahead towards the pivot like one man. Each
company came in for special applause, but it is not
lessening the recognition of the rest of the corps to say

that the Highlanders excell in the steady and constant
compact form of their ranks."

At the conclusion of the inspection the Major General,
addressing the field officers in a brief speech, remarked: —
"I wish you to express to the battalions on parade the
great satisfaction I have in seeing such a fine military
body of men, so very smart, soldierlike, and steady on
parade. I need hardly say to a body of intelligent men,
as I know you are, that in the critical state of affairs
in Europe (the Eastern crisis), though there has been a
lull of late, we cannot tell what may occur in the future.
I can only tell you that from what I have seen, nothing
will give me greater pleasure, if England should become
involved in a lengthened European war, than to place in
line of battle some of the splendid soldiers I see in this
line."

--^i-^^r^S^^S^^i^^C&f^— -

Service in the Seventies in Aid of the Civil Power
Historical Ceremonial Parades

If there is any particular class of service which is
especially distasteful to a citizen soldiery it is that in aid
of the civil power, and the reason this class of service is
so unpopular it is easy for any one to understand. If it
is distasteful, it is nevertheless, a duty, and the Fifth
Royals have never shirked it. They have had an excep-
tional lot of such service too, and the first of it came
very soon after the reorg'anization of the regiment as the
5th Royal Fusileers. As a matter of fact the movement
for the reorganization was to some extent assisted by
the anxiety produced by the outbreak of ill-feeling and
lawlessness, which developed from the regrettable inci-
dent known as the Guibord Affair, (i)

The discussion over the points involved in this dis-
pute was kept up for some time, ugly words were used
on both sidtes, and narrow sectarianism reigned supreme
not only in Montreal, but throughout the whole vicin-
it}^ Orangeism expanded rapidly on one side and new
branches of the Irish Catholic Union, and similar or-
ganizations sprang into existence on tne other. Threats
were made and challenges thrown down. The local
Orangemen, spurred on by the taunts of the opposite
party, and carried away by the enthusiasm engendered
by the recent accession to their numerical strength, and
by the defeat of the Church party in the Guibord mat-
ter, took steps towards holding a triumphant procession
in Montreal on the succeeding Twelfth of July. This it
was feared would precipitate a serious breach of the
peace, and the Orangemen were asked to desist. For
some time the Orangemen persisted, but calmer counsels
prevailed, and the procession was cancelled, this sensible
decision being followed by charges of cowardice against
the members of the order. The very natural conse-
quence was that the question of holding a procession the
following Twelfth of July (1877) was soon broached, and

(1) Joseph Guibord was a printer and a member of the Institut Canadien,
which was put under the ban of the Roman Catholic Church (burial in con-
secrated ground being forbidden the members) for keeping preset ibed books
in its library. GuitK)rd, who died Nov. 20th, 1S69, owned a lot in the Roman
Catholic Cemetery, and his widow took proceedings in the courts to secure his
interment therein She dying, the case was prosecuted by the Institut Cana-
dien. Novemljer 28th' 1874, a decree of the Judicial Committee of the Imperial
Privy Council, the highest court in the realm, was issued, ordering the inter-
ment to take place ; and an attempt was made to carry this into effect Sep-
tember 2, 1875, the hearse being stoned and turned back by a mob gathered at
the Roman Catholic Cemetery gates. The interment finally took place, under
protection of the whole Montreal militia brigade, November 16, 1875.

decided upon. As the date approached, the excitement
became intense. As threats to raid the armories of the
city corps had b«en made, the militia authorities in-
structed Lieut.-Colonel P^letcher, D.A.G., to place guards
on the armories, which were then temporarily situated
in the ruins of the old drill shed on the site of the pse-
sent structure on Craig street, and in the old Quebec
Gate Barracks, which were situated on Commissioners
street, on the site at present occupied by the C.P.R.,
east end freight offices, Berri street.

So evident was it that in the prevailing temper of
the community, a public procession of the Orangemen
would produce disturbance, that a couple of days before
the Twelfth, Mr. John Kerry, President of the St.
George's Society, Mr. Ewan McLennan, President of the
St. Andrew's Society, and Mr. W.- J. McMaster, Presi-
dent of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society, waited
on the local officers of the Orange order to dissuade
them from holding their procession. They succeeded
after some trouble, the Orangemen agreeing to abandon
their procession in the interests of public peace, content-
ing themselves with going singly to Knox Church to
hear a special sermon delivered in commemoration of the
day.

Although the procession was abandoned, trouble was
feared owing to public feeling being wrought to such a
high tension, and the ihree representatives of the national
societies, called upon the mayor and the civic author-
ities generally to take steps for the preservation of the
peace. But nothing of any practical character was done,
and a noisy mob, including many of the worst charac-
ters in the city, gathered on Victoria Sc^uare. Several
citizens were molested, and about half pasi one, a young
Orangeman, named Thomas Lett Racket, who while re-
turning quietly to his office from the service in Knox
Church had gone to the assistance of another man mo-
lested by some of the mob, was shot dead, and several
revolver bullets fired into his body. Instantly the excite-
ment throughout ihe city reached fever heat, and very
grave consequences were feared.

Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher, D.A.G., of the 5th Military
District, at once issued orders to the officers command-
ing the Troop of Cavalry, Montreal Engineers, Garrison
Artillery, ist Prince of Wales Rifles, 3rd Victoria Rifles,

,-//; ROVAL SCOTS OF CANADA

59

5th Royal Fusileers, and 6th Fusiliers, to muster their
commands as speedily as possible. Montreal was also,
at the time, the headquarters of the 6th Military District,
and its D.A.G., Lieut.-Colonel Harwood, also issued or-
ders for the 65th Rifles, the only city corps of his dis-
trict, to turn out. During the remainder of the after-
noon, volunteers were to be seen hurrying towards their
armories, and in a few hours, 1,000 men were tmder
arms. The men were served out with ammunition, sen-
tries were doubled, and pickets detailed to patrol the
vicinity of the quarters occupied and to maintain com-
munication between the different portions of the force,
the main bodies of all the corps remaining in their own

pared to defend themselves and their homes, and posted
sentries as if their part of the city were in a state of
siege.

The militia corps were kept under arms at their
respective headqiuarters, until about midnight, when,
everything being quiet in the city, all but the quarter
guards were dismissed.

The Fifth Royal Fusileers, who upon this occasion
were under the command of Lieut. -Colonel Crawford, and
Major McDougall, paraded at the Bonsecours Market,
with the Prince of Wales Rifles, the 6th Fusiliers, and
the Montreal Cavalry. Each of the corps mustered in
full strength, and there was considerable enthusiasm

/ / I 1

•V

■ ; - f

OUR BRAVE
Just before Embarkin

quarters. It was a night of keen excitement not only
in Montreal, but throughout Canada. Many enthusiastic
Orangemen in Oniario and the Eastern Townships, upon
hearing of the shooting,at once took trains for Montreal,
and crowds thronged the city depots, expecting to see
them arrive, but they left the trains at suburban sta-
tions. Point St. Charles, beyond the G. T. R. tracks
was a stronghold of Orangeism, while the adherents of
the Irish Catholic Union were to be found in force in
those parts of St. Ann's Ward, adjacent to the Lachine
Canal. Upon the memorable night succeeding the shoot-
ing of poor Hackett, there had been excitement in Point
St. Charles, and fearing an attack from the anti-Orange
party, the men of the district assembled in a party, pre-

COMRADES
g for the Boer War

manifested. After evening rations had been served out,
the men amxised themselves by inaugurating and carry-
ing out impromptu concerts, patriotic songs occupying
prominent places in all the programmes. Before the
men were dismissed they were addressed by Lieut. -Colo-
nels Harwood and Stevenson, the latter remarking that
the citizens of Montreal had reason to be proud of their
volunteers, who on two hours' notice had paraded 1,000
strong to assist in the preservation of the public peace.

The whole force was once more called out on active
service in aid of the civil power, on July i6th, upon the
occasion of Hackett's funeral. Large bodies of Orange-
men came to Montreal for the occasion with their bands
and banners, from Toronto, Kingston, Ottawa, Corn-

6o

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

wall, Sherbrooke and other cities, and so worked up
was public feeling, and so apprehensive every body of
acts of violence being precipitated, that the railway
companies ran pilot engines ahead of the special trains,
conveying the Orengemen. Strong guards of militia and
armed police were mounted at the railway depots. The
funeral took place from the Orange Hall, 8i St. James
street, to Christ Church Cathedral, of which congrega-
tion, Hackett was a member, thence to Mount Royal
Cemetery. It was made the occasion of the biggest
Orange demonstration which ever took place in Montreal,

marched to the Champ de Mars, and the various corps
received orders for the night, strong guards remaining
on duty at the depots, the armories, and elsewhere, and
being relieved at convenient intervals. The following
morning the corps were put under arms at eight o'clock,
and at half past nine relieved from duty, the city being
then perfectly quiet.

But the keen sectional spirit showed no signs of
dying out, but steadi,y developed. The Orange lodges,
subsequent to the Hackett murder, passed solemn reso-
lutions declaring that henceforth thcv would exercise

and one of the largest ever held in Canada. The lodges
marched in full regalia, bearing flags and banners and
headed by their own bands. The militia did not take
part in the funeral procession, but occupied successive
commanding positions, moving, when changing stiation,
by side streets, parallel to the route of the procession.
There was a big di.splay of military force on Fletcher's
Field and along the cemetery avenue, the 5th Royals and
6th Fusiliers being drawn up on the height of ground in
the upper part of the field. After the conclusion of the
funeral these two regiments marched at the head of the
Orangemen on their return to the city. The brigade

their rights come what may. An early determination
was taken to hold a monster Orange celebration on the
succeeding Twelfth of July, preliminaries were forthwith
arranged, and these who had previously pleaded with the
Orangemen to abandon public demonstrations were now
silent. During the winter a feeling of apprehension once
more developed, and as the year 1878 wore on, and the
1 2th of ,Tuly apjjroached, grave troxible seemed to be un-
avoidable. Threats of raids on the militia armories
having been made, guards were mounted on the old drill
hall, the Quebec Gate Barracks, and the Bonsecours
Market, of an average strength at each place of forty.

,-//; ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

6i

These guards were taken in rotation by the various city
corps and it was fifteen days before they were dispensed
with.

As the dreaded date approached many citizens sent
their families out of the city, and some of the banks and
business houses along the route of the procession nailed
up and barricaded the doors and windows of their places
of business.

The whole militia force of the city was called out by
a magisterial requisition served vipon Lieut. -Colonel
Fletcher, D.A.G., and A. and B. Batteries R.C.A., from
Kingston and Quebec, respectively were ordered to Mont-
real, the mounted divisions being armed as lancers. By
a sub.sequent requisition, a force from the Frontier corps
was called for, and the nth Argenteuil Rangers, 50th
Huntingdon Borderers, 51st Hemmingford Rangers, 53rd
Sherbrooke Battalion, 54th Richmond Battalion, and 100
of the 64th Voltigeurs of Beauharnois were ordered to
Montreal, and arrived on the nth of July. The High
School Cadets furnished a guard for their own armory
on Dorchester street. The battalions ordered turned out
in full strength, making a total force of about 3,000 men.
The requisitions were dated .Tulv 5th and 6th. I/ieut.-
General Sir Selby Smvthe, at the time coinmanding the
Canadian Militia, came to Montreal, and assumed per-
sonal command of the force. Several more or less se-
rious aiirays took place before and after the 12th, but
none on the dreaded day. Early on the morning of the
Twelfth, the outside corps were moved to commanding
I'ositions down town, along the route of the projected
procession, the Montreal brigade being drawn up in re-
serve on Dominion Square, where it remained under
arms all day. The procession did not take place, the
leaders of the Orangemen, being arrested by the munici-
pal authorities, charged with inciting to a breach of the
peace, as they were leaving their hall. Towards evening
their followers quietly dispersed. The Montreal force
was relieved from duty on the night of the 12th, and the
outside corps were sent to their headquarters on the
13th.

The General Officer Commanding published in General
Orders of July 19th his thanks to the officers and men
of the force on duty in Montreal on this occasion, and in
hi.s annual report for the year he wrote: — "I invite atten-
tion to lyieut.-Colonel Fletcher's report of Military Dis-
trict No. 5 stating the prompt and effectual support to
the civil power aflordcd by the militia during the past
year, which speaks highly for the force, whenever or
wherever it may be called upon to act. This report is
in itself a plain answer to an ungenerous expression ut-
tered by some one in a iMiblic address this year, to this
effect, as published in the press:~"\Vhat has the govern-
ment got now? A lorce on l)a])er whicli has cost a
great deal of money and is doing us no good. An un-
just charge which needs no coniiiu iit ."

The Or;mgi- cxi ilement, as this unpleasant era of
fanaticism is somewhat incorrectly called, had reached

its height, and gradually and steadily died away. Mont-
real OrangeiTien now parade the streets in full regalia
with bauds ])laving, and flags flying, and they excite no
hostile demonstrations and no more attention than any
ordinary benevolent society. There is in fact, no mixed
commimity anywhere in the world that gets on better
and more pleasantly than the people of Montreal. Ro-
man Catholics and I'rotestants dwell side by side and
mingle together socially, coinmercially and politically,
without assimilating, but with all due respect to one an-
other's beliefs, and with a full concession of each other's
rights. The days of bitter sectarianism appear to have
disappeared again from Montreal, it is to be hoped for
ever, and it looks as though the city had quite regained

LT.-COLONEL H. L. ROUTH
1st Commanding Officer 1st Battalion Royal Light Infantry

the honorable reputation for liberality, that it held for
many years.

The 5th Royal Fusileers participated in the grand
military review on the Queen's Birthday, May 24th, 1878,
on Fletcher's Field. The Governor Genoral, Lord Duf-
ferin, was present, and the division on parade included
the following units:— Montreal Troop of Cavalry, Cap-
tain Tees ; B. Battery, R.C.A., Captain Montizam-
bert,; Montreal Field Battery, Lieut.-Colonel A. A. Ste-
venson; Ottawa Field Battery, Capt.John Stewart;
Montreal Garrison Artillery, Lieut.-Colonel Fraser;
"Montreal Engineers (two companie.s), Lieut.-Colonel
Kennedy; the Governor-General Foot Guards, Ottawa,
I,ieut. -Colonel Ross; ist I'rince of Wales Rifles, Lieut.-
Colonel Frank Bond; 2nd Queen's Own Rifles, Lieut. -Col.
W. D. Otter; 3rd Victoria Rifles, Lieut.-CoL Handyside;

62

=;th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

5th Royal Fusileers, Lieut. -Colonel J. D. Crawford; 6th
Fusiliers, Lieut. -Colonel John Martin; 65th Mount
Royal Rifles, Lieut .-Colonel Labranche; St. Jean Bap-
tiste Infantry Company, Captain Kirwan; The Barlow
Greys, Vermont National Guard, St. Albans Vt., Cap-
tain Culver.

The presence of the Vermont company, with its drum
corps and colors, was considered noi the least remark-

CAPTAIN JAMES LAVENS MATHEWSON
" 5th Royals "

Assisted in the organization of the Regiment, and commanded No. 3

Company. Subsequently was paymaster, which rank he

held when he died in May 1867, aged 52

able incident of this memorable day. The incident— the
uniting of the armed soldiery of two distinct nations in
celebrating the national holiday of one of them— was
accepted as an augury of good for the future— as a
pledge of the continuance of that amity and good will
between these two great kindred peoples, upon which the
material prosperity and advancement of both so much
depend. The Earl of Dufferin gave fitting expression to

thti feelings of Canadian people, on the field. While rid
ing down the line. His Excellency reined up his charger
in front of the soldiers from Vermont, and addressing
them remarked; — "Soldiers and citizens of the Great
American Republic, I cannot allow the opportunity to
escape of expressing to you, on my own behalf, on
behalf of the government and country, and on behalf of
Her Gracious Blajesty, whose representative I am, the
extreme satisfaction which I experience in thus being able
to welcome you as guests, in the name of the jieople of
Canada to the soil of the Dominion. A greater compli-
ment could hardly be paid by one country to another
than that which you have been good enough to confer
upon us by thus joining with our citizens and soldiers in
celebrating the birthdaj^ of our Queen. I accept the de-
monstration upon your pari as an additional proof of
that undisturbed friendship which I trust will always
prevail hereafter between the two countries."

The 5th Royal Fusileers upon this occasion paraded
270 strong, the officers being as follows:— Lieut. -Colonel
J. D. Crawford, Majors H. S. MacDougall and Campbell.
The companj' officers were given as follows: — No. i
Company, Major Campbell, Lieut. McLennan, Ensign
Ksdaile; No. 2, Capt. Winks, Lieut. Lewis, Ensign Ha-
luilton; No. 3, Captain Kennedy, Lieut. Horton; No. 4,
Captain Davidson, Ensign Cameron; No. 5, Captain
Harvey, and Lieut. Mooney; No. 6, Capt. Jewett, Lieut.
Walker.

During the month of June 1878, serious trouble de-
veloped between the Quebec dock laborers and the steve-
dores. Rioting took place in the streets of the city, B.
Battery, being called out in aid of the civil power, was
stoned by the mob, the riot act was read, and a section
of the company of garrison gunners ordered to fire. One
man was killed and several wounded. This precipitated
great excitement in the Ancient Capital, and as the
mayor and municipal authorities seemed incapable of
taking the necessary measures to enforce the peace, three
local justices of the peace, Messrs. Robert Shaw, W. D.
Campbell, and A. G. Belleau, took steps to call in a
(orce of the Montreal militia. At a quarter to six, on
Jtine 1 2th, Lieiit.-Colonel Fletcher, D.A.G., at Montreal,
received a telegraphed requisition signed by the three
magistrates in question, and reading as follows:—

Quebec, June 12, 1878.

Colonel Fletcher, Deputy Adjutant General, Montreal:

We have applied to Ottawa for three battalions from
Montreal to help forces here to quell riot, and have been
directed to .send requisition to you, signed by mayor or
magistrates. Plea.se act promptly and send them by
express train. Dominion government pays transport."

The D.A.G. as a sort of endorsement receiviul another

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

63

message from the then provincial premier, the Hon H.
G. .Toly, reading as follows: —

Col. Fletcher, D.A.G.:—

Requisition signed by Messieurs Shaw, CampV.cil and
BeJleau, Magistrates, for troops sent you. Please act
promptly.

H. G. JOLY,
Premier.

Lieut. -Colonel Fletcher at once issued orders for the
1st P.W.R., 3rd Victoria Rifles and 5th Royal Fusiliers

hurried back to the city, trusting to luck to getting
uniforms at the armories in preference to running the
risk of being left behind. Others, owing to a dPistance, did
not have time to go to the armories, and reported to
their companies at the train. Some thirty ofTicers and
men proceeded to Quebec by late trains at their own
expense. Lieut.-Colonel Frank Bond, commanding the
1st Prince of Wales Regiment, residing at Chambly
for the summer, did not hear of the orders turning out
his battalion until 8 p.m. He at once jumped into his
uniform, mounted his horse, and by hard riding caught
the ten o'clock ferry from Longueil. He found his regi-

5th battalion royal SCOTS OF CANADA

Lt.-Col. John Hood commanding
being the first regiments on the brigade roster
to parade at their armoties ready to embark at 9.30. At
ten o'clock the special G.T.R. train left old Bonaventnrc
Station for Quebec, with about 672 of all ranks on board.
Considering that the request for assistance from Quebec
came quite unexpectedly, the prompt assembling and
dispatch of this force was extremely creditable to all
concerned. Many men had left their offices before the
requisition was received and were distributed through-
out the summer resorts surrounding the city, at greater
or lesser distances. Some members of the force being on
the I/achine train en route for their summer homes when
they heard of the orders, lefi the train at St. Henry and

Ottawa, July 1st, 1891

ment had left the armory and rode to the depot to find
the train gone. At the depot he found Major MacDou-
gall of the 5th Royals in a similar predicament. They
at once decided to engage a special train at their own
expense. With th« assistance of Mr. W. .1. Spicer, of the
G.T.R., the arrangement was soon completed, and at
midnight they started, overtaking the military special
at Levis and arriving in Quebec with their regiments.
Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher proceeded to Quebec in command
of the brigade, Lieut.-Colonel Bacon accomi)anying him
as Brigade, Major, with Major T. Atkinson of the Royals
and Captain David of the 6th Fusiliers as staff officers.
The brigade after being ferried across the river from

64

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

I,evis, disembarked at the Market Wharf, where they
were welcomed by Lieut. -Colonel Strange and Captain
Montizambert, and then marched in brigade to the Cita-
del. The Montreal troops were subjected to some taunts
and ciirses as they passed through the streets of Lower
Town, but apart from i,hat, everything was quiet in
Quebec after their aerival.

As soon as the 5th Royal Fusileers had breakfasted
at the Citadel, three companies. A, B and C, under the
command of Major Campbell were ordered to the old par-
liament building, to relieve B Battery, which corps had
been on guard all night. The remaining companies were
quartered in the rink, which was made the headquarters
of the Montreal brigade. The force on duty at the par-
liament buildings was able to make itself fairly com-
fortable in the big halls and corridors, and on the night
after their arrival the Fusileers, with the assistance of
their brass band, which accompanied them, gave a con-
cert at their quarters. On the evening of the 14th, at the
request of the Adjutant-General, Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher
with 100 men of the force, returned to Montreal. The
following day the remainder of the force returned to
Montreal via steamer "Quebec."

The troops won great commendation for their de-
portment during this term of service. Speaking of the
arrival of the :\Iontreal troops, the Quebec Telegraph
stated: —

"They looked remarkably well, particularly the red-
coats, who seem to be a fine body of men. The march-
ing, the precision, and the whole appearance, reflected
great credit on the men, considering that they had only
a few hours' notice to prepare for their departure. Upon
the completion of the service the Provincial Govern-
ment passed an Order-in-Council expressing its thanks
to the IMontreal troops. An address was also presented
on the Esplanade to the brigade, before its departure, on
behalf of the City of Quebec, reading as follows: —

To Lieut.-Colonel Bacon, the officers, non-commis-
sioned officers and men composing the detachment of
Montreal volunteers now quartered in Quebec:

"The citizens of Quebec gratefully acknowledge the
cheerful alacrity with which you responded to the urgent
call made upon you when our city was suffering from
the evil effects of tumult and violence.

"On the twelfth of June a disturbance which assum-
ed a most formidable aspect, had been promptly checked,
and, for the time, quelled by the small, though efficient
force stationed here; and late on that day the civil au-
thorities, apprehending a renewal of the riotous conduct
of the mob, asked for your assistance, which was at once
accorded, and your presence here was the means of pre-
venting the possibility of any further disturbance. The
rapidity with which your forces were mustered, and the
remarkable fact, that within about twelve hours after
the despatch of the telegram requiring your services,

your battalions were marching through our steeets, are
the best evidence of the efficiency of the Montreal volun-
t«ers, and must give confidence throughout the Dominion
that our forces are available to be quickly concentrated
in the event of anj- emergency.

"They trust that should, unfortimately, military pro-
tection be required in any other part of Canada, the
volunteers throughout the Dominion will emulate your
military promptness and zeal.

"The citizens of Quebec will bear in mind the deep

SERGT.-MAJORS OF THE ROYAL SCOTS
The Oldest Regiment in the British Army

obligations under which you have placed them and their
families; and beg you will carry away with you the
assurance of their sincere acknowledgments of the valu-
able service which you have tendered them.

"(Signed) R. CHAMBERS,

"City Hall, Quebec, 15th .Tune, 1878." Mayor.

The companies of the 5th Royal Fusileers on service
at Quebec were commanded as follows: — No. i. Major
Campbell; No. 2, Lieut. Winks; No. 3, Captain Hill; No.

,-/;« ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

65

5, Captain Torrance; No. 6, Captain Campbell McDon-
gall.

In the autumn of 1878, The Marquis of Lome, now
Duke of Argyle, sueceeded the Karl of Dufferin, as Gov-
ernor-General of Canada. As the Marchioness of Lome
was a princess of the Royal family the arrival of the
new governor general and Her Royal Highness, the
Princess l/ouise, was awaited with lively interest by the
people of Canada, and unusual preparations were made
for fittingly receiving the vice-regal couple. In Montreal,
as befitted the chief city of Canada, the arrangements
were on a most elaborate scale, all clas.ses of the corn-

Engineers facing the station, the Montreal Garrison Ar-
tillery on Bonaventure (now St. James) street at the
junction of Craig; the Prince of Wales Rifles at Victoria
Square on St. James street; the 65th Mount Royal
Rifles and the St. Jean Baptiste Infantry Company (the
nucleus of the 85th Regiment), on Radegonde street at
Victoria Square; the 5th Royal Fusileers, up Radegonde
street and Beaver Hall Hill, the 6th Fusiliers on Phillips
Square and St. Catherine street; the Victoria Rifles on
Dorchester street at the Windsor Hotel. After the arriv-
al of the royal party at the Windsor the troops formed
up on St. Catherine street, and, xmder the general officer in

REGIMENTAL TROPHIES

munity vieing with one another to manifest their devo-
tion to the Royal family. Their Excellencies made their
entry into Montreal on November 28th, proceeding from
old Bonaventure Staiion to the Windsor Hotel, via St.
James street, Beaver Hall Hill, Phillips Square and St.
Catherine street through dense crowds of people. The
event was made the occasion of an imposing military
display. The whole brigade paraded in full force for the
occasion. The I'rince of Wains Rifles furnished a guard
of honor of 100 men at Bonaventure Station, the Victo-
ria Rifles, one of .similar strength at the Windsor Hotel.
The Montreal Troop of Cavalty furnished an escort, and
the I\Iontreal Field Battery formed up on Dominion
Square to fire a royal salute. The other corps took up
positions on the line of route as follows:— Montreal

command, marched past the Windsor Hotel by Dorchester
street. His Excellency and Her Royal Highness were
stationed on a balcony and reviewed the troops as they
marched past, but the crowd of spectators, in and out of
carriages was so dense, that, when the rear battalion
came up, the street was blocked, and the general wisely
stopped the parade. A number of guards of honor were
furnished by the local corps during the royal visit. The
5lh Royal Fusileers furnished a voluntary guard for the
grand ball given in the Windsor Hotel on the evening of
the 29th and also furnished a guard upon the occasion of
the departure of His Excellency and Her Royal Highness
on the morning of December the second.

In a descripiion of the Montreal reception of the
Marquis of Lome and Her Royal Highness published in

66

:ith ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

the Ivoriclon Daily Telejrraph December 2nd, 1878, Colonel
Gay, the special correspondent of that jiaper wrote: —
"And such militia! I know it is the fashion to decry and
deprecate irregular forces. I am aware that to the
regular the idea of militia is something too abdurd, but
I may mention that, gathered on parade that morning,
were more than one battalion that woxild have done
credit to any army in the world, that Stevenson's four

Barlow Greys to Montreal the previous year doubtless
suggested to the Reverend Henry Ward Beecher, who
personally witnessed the enthusiastic reception given to
the Vermonters, to induce Colonel Austen, the officer
commanding the 13th Regiment, N.G., NA''., Brooklyn,
of which he was chaplain, to bring his command to
Montreal in 1879. Besides the Brooklyn regiment there
were present at the review the Montreal Troop oi Ca-

^'

gun battery is almost the equal of some of our own
famous batteries at Woolwich; and that the Scotch
companies of the Fifth Fusileers Regiment showed as
handsome a set of fellows as ever marched past the
saluting point."

On account of the presence of H.R.H. the Princess
Louise in Canada it was determined to make the Queen's
birthday review of 1879 at Montreal, the occasion of an
exceptionally large turnout of militia. The visit of the

valry, the Princess Louise Dragoon Guards, Ottawa, de-
tachment of B. Battery R.C.A., Quebec; Sheliord Field
Battery, Granby; Ottawa Field Battery, Montreal Field
Battery, Montreal Brigade of Garrison Artillery, Mont-
real Engineers, Governor General's Foot Guards, Otta-
wa; 1st P.W.R., Montreal; 2nd Queen's Own Rifles, To-
ronto; 3rd Victoria Rifles, Montreal; 5th and 6th Fusil-
eers, Montreal; 8th Royal Rifles, Quebec; 65th Rifles, St.
Jean Ba])tiste Infantry Company, Montreal.

The Fifth Royal Scots — The Changes of Twenty-three Years

The year 1880 is an important one in the history oi
the 5th Royal Scots of Canada, as witnessing the olTicial
recojifnition of the regiment as a distinctively Scottish
one.

The introduction of a Scottish olement into the old
3th Royal Light Infantry by the transfer to that corps
bodily of the Highland company from the 1st Prince of
Wales Rifles, has been referred to in an earlier chapter,
and reference has also been made to the expressed desire
of those who worked to secure the roorganization in
1876, to impart, as far as possible, a distinctively Scot-
tish character to the 5th Royal Fusileers. Reference has
also been made to the rocruiting of the two flank com-
panies as Scottish companies and to the adoption by
them of tartan trews and the Highland doublet. These
companies, not only attracted a fine class of recruits to
themselves, but were the means of drawing a large
number of Scot.smen and descendants of Scotsmen to the
other companies. Under the circumstances it was not
surprising that an ambition to make the regiment
throughout distinctively Scottish in name and character,
developed rapidh'. It was decided consequently, to ap-
ply to Militia head(|uarters for anthoritv to change the
official designation of the regiincnt, and steps were tak-
en for putting all the companies into tartan trews and
Highland doublets. The presence of a Scottish noble-
man, the Marquis of T,orne, in Canada, as Governor-
General, undoubtedlv assist,ed this movement.

No. 4 of General Orders, dated Ottawa, February
27th, 1880, permitted the word "vScots" to be added to
the regimental designation, making it the 5th Battalion
"Royal Scots Fusileers." (l)

Four years later the regiment had conferred upon it
the special designation it bears at present. Number 6 of
General Orders of February 29th, 1884, provided as fol-
lows:—"The additional designation of the ,sth Battalion
is hereby changed to 'Royal Scots of Canada.' " (2)

At the time the first distinctively Scottish designa-
tion was conferred, the project of putting the whole
regiment into Highland doublets and tartan trews was
put into execution. The trews worn by the flank com-
panies up to this time had been of the Black Watch
tartan, but on the occasion of changing the style of
uniform of the other companies, the Lome Tartan was
adopted for the whole regiment, out of compliment to
His Kxcellency the Governor-General, the Manjuis of
Lome.

The adoption of tartan trews and doublets was
considered from the first merely a preliminary step to-
wards making the regiment a thorough Highland one
with kilts, bonnets, etc. With the pitifully small
allowances received from the government, the realization
of this dream at this time appeared a long way ofl, for
the Highland uniform and equipment is expensive, and
it is hard to ask men who give their time freely for
volunteer soldiering, to go down deep into their pockets
to purcha.se expensive imiforms for themselves. Still
ofTicers and men looked forward confidently to their
corps becoming a thoroughly equipped kilted regiment
in time, and their hopes have been realized. An arrange-
ment was made under whi( h a number of the men sup-
plied themselves with kilts, sporans, hose-tops, spats,
etc., these articles of uniform being imported from
Europe. The understanding was that the kilts were to
be considered as an off-parade uniform, purelj' and simply,
until all of the men in any company were provided with
kilts. Kilt funds were established in the companies, and
the story of how they were nursed along, and accom-
plished their object is not the lea.st creditable chapter of
the records of the Royal Scots, telling as it does of a
steady devotion to the regiment's interests and a deter-
mination that would not be daunted.

The first company to don the kilts was Number One,
under command of Captain .John Hood, which turned out
in full kilts in 1880. Some months elapsed before Num-

(1) The Royal Scots Fusileers of the resrular service is the old 21st Frot,
raised in 167S, duriiiK the reien of Charles 11., and which obtained the dis-
tinctive title of " Royal " in 1712. The regiment is not a kilted one, the full
dress uniform consisting of tartan trews, doublet and Fusileer busby. The
"Scots Guards," on April 27, 1831, received from William IV. the title of
" Scots Fusileer Guards. ' but on Mai ch 27, 1877, at their special request, were
allowed by Queen Victoria to revert to their ancient name.

(2) The " Royal Scots" (The Lothian Regiment) (istFoot) of the Imperial
service, long before I heir incoiportion with the British army, were from 1611
to i6j2 in the service of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, the champion of
Protestantism in Hurope. They then .served under Lord Reaz, but sub-
.sequently entered the service of the King of France, when, in accordance
with the universal practice of calling regiments after their commanding
officers, they were known as " Le Regiment de Douglas Ecossais." The
fir,st duties performed in the pay of Great Britain were in a sort of hired or
mercenary capacity, the regiment assisting in garrisoning first Dunkirk
(sold by Charles II to France in 1662) and afterwards Tangiers in Morocco.
The date of the regiment's permanent admission to the Briti.sh service is
given as 1684, after the abandonment of Tangiers. The Scottish troops in the
service of Gustavus Adolphus claimed to be the lineal descendants of corps of
Scottish mercenaries who had taken part in all the wars of Europe from
times even as remote as those of the Cajsars, From this claim, and the fact
that there was said to have been a Caledonian legion among the mercenary
troops included in the Roman garrisons of Palestine at the time of the great
tragedy at Jerusalem, the ist Royals have come into the possession of their
unique nickname, "Pontius Pilate's Body Guard." The regiment does not
wear the kilt, hut has adopted the doubtlet and the checked band around the
forage cap.

68

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

OFFICERS ROYAL LIGHT INFANTRY
Taken during Fenian Raids, Hemmingford, 1866

ber Six company was equipped with kilts, and it was
1883 before the whole rep^iment appeared in the distinc-
tive Scottish garb. At this time the fusileer busby was
discarded altogether and a white service helmet with
gold trimmings for the officers, and brass for the men,
adopted. The kilts and flies were, like the trews hitherto
worn, of the Lome tartan. As this tartan was not of a
sealed pattern considerable difficulty was experienced in
preserving that ])recise imiformity which is the essence
of regimental smartness. In spite of every precaution
each issue of the Lome tartan would have its own pecu-
liar shades of color, which imparted to the regiment on
parade anything but the desired appearance of unirorm-
ity. Every effort to establish a standard i)attern of the
Lome tartan having failed, it was agreed that the only
remedy lay in the adoption of a tartan worn by one of
the Highland regiments in the Imperial .service, and as
such, being a sealed pattern. After full discussion of the
subject the adoption of the tartan of the Black Watch
(Royal Highlanders) was decided upon, and the decision
put into effect at the next issue of clothing.

It was not until 1895, that the members of the
regiment were able to put into execution their long
cherished ambition to adopt the feather bonnet as worn
by all the highland regiments in the regular service.
For years officers and men devoted much attention to
the raising of funds to meet the very heavy expense
entailed by the purchase of this picturesque head-dress,
Lieut.-Colonel J. Alex. Strathy particularly entering
with enthusiasm into the work connected with the rais-
ing of the fund, and contributing in a marked degree to
its final success.

The year succeeding the issue of the feather bonnets
an issue of white linen jackets was made to the non-
commissioned officers and men, but was not a success.
In 1898, however, there was an issue of white cloth shell-
jackets, as worn in undress by all ranks, except officers,
warrant officers and staff-sergeants of foot-guards, kilted

Highland regiments and Highland Light Infantry. This
shell-jacket is a relic of the regulation uniform of the
da}-s when the old coatee and white waistcoat were in
vogue.

This practical!}' completed th-^ equipment of the
Royal Scots of Canada as a Highland regiment.

In accordance with a precedent established by the
Black Watch and followed by other Highland regiments
in the British service, the Royal Stuart tartan was
adopted for the pipe band in 1901. (3)

The last change in the regimental uniform took place
in 1899 when the white and red checkered hose previously
worn was exchanged for black and red ho.se as worn by
the Black Watch. This change makes the uniform, with
the exception of the badges and sporan, exactly similar
to that of the Black Watch. The Royal Scots adhere to
the white sporan with two long black tassels, originally
adopted when the regiment first went into kilts. The
Black Watch sporan has five short "bobs."

The present motto and badge of the regiment were
authorized by General Orders of June 12th, 1885, which
gave permission for the battalion "to adopt and use the
following motto and badge, viz.:— A Boar's Head, with
the words, "Ne Obliviscaris," in the garter under it."
This is the crest and motto of the Argyll branch of the
Campbell Clan. The boar's head is the common crest
of all branches of this great clan, but the Campbell's
of Harris use the motto in quaint, old-fashioned English
"I Beare In Mind." Major Kenneth Campbell belongs to
this last mentioned family, and out of respect to him,
the 5th Royal Fusileers, at the reorganization, adopted

(3) The Royal Scots of Canada have had a pipe band, as well as a brass
band, ever since the regiment was reorganized as the jih Royal Fusileers.
The pipers from the first, have worn the regulation green doubtlet and
kilts, and the practice of the pipers bearing on the chanters of their pipes
standards charged with the coats of arms of the captains of their respective
companies is an old one in the regiment, notwithstanding a .statement
recently published that the practice was a new one in the Canadian militia.

SERVICE COMPANY No. 2 OF THE ROYALS,
Now 5th Royal Scots of Canada, after duty in Fenian Raids at
Cornwall, Ont., April 1866. Capt. Kenneth Campbell in command

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

69

the universal Campbell emblem and the Campbell of
Harris motto as the regimental badge. This badge
continued to be worn in its original shape until
1878 or 1879 when the motto "I Beare in Minde"
was replaced by the words "Quis Separabit"
(Who shall part us) which was the motto of the old 5th
Roval Light Infantrj-. This motto, which continued to
form part of the badge of the Royal Scots imtil the issue
of the General Order already (juoted, is the motto of the
order of Knighthood of St. Patrick, and of three Irish
regiments in the regular service — the Fourth Dragoon
Guards (Royal Irish), the 5th Lancers (Royal Irish) and
the Connaught Rangers (88th and 94th Foot). The
boar's head and the motto "Ne Obliviscaris" (Forget
not) form part of the badge of the Princess Louise's
Regiment, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders — (91st and
93rd Foot.)

Since the adoption of the kilt the regiment has worn
the thistle as a distinctive collar badge.

The changes in the personel of the regiment since the
reorganization have been quite as marked as have those
of uniform and equipment.

Lieut.-Colonel J. D. Crawford retired from the com-
mand April 14th, 1882. After this event considerable
anxiety was experienced with regard to the procuring of
a suitable successor to the command. The situation was
complicated by the resignation of Major Geddes, the
second in command. The unanimous choice of officers
and non-commissioned officers, as expressed by numerous
resolutions and memorials, was Major Kenneth Campbell,
and the militia authorities supported the demand of the
regiment. January 14th, 1882, Lieut.-Colonel P. W.
Worsley, then Brigade Major at Montreal, wrote Major
Campbell in the following terms: — "The battalion is vir-
tually without any head, and it is the universal desire
of the department, the staff, and I may say the unanim-
ous wish of tlie officers, non-commissioned officers and
men of the Battalion, that you should command. I
therefore trust you will accede to the wishes of the many,
and allow yourself to be nominated and gazetted to the
command. Otherwise the Battalion will certainly have
to be disbanded. The General has written specially on
this subject, and jou will receive every assistance we
can give you."

His business engagements prevented Major K.
Campbell from accepting the command, which was tend-
ered to and accepted by Captain E.A.C. Camjjbell, of St.
Hilaire, who had .served and attained his captaincy in
H. M. 92nd, Foot, the second battalion of the Gordon
Highlanders. He was gazetted to the command of the
Royal Scots Fusileers with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel,
April 14th, 1882, and his resignation was accepted by
General Orders dated November 14th, 1884.

Lieutenant-Colonel Edmund A. C. Campbell,, who
died in England, March 10, 1902, was one of the histor-
ical Inverawe family of Campbells. It was his grand
uncle, Major Duncan Campbell, the Laird of Inverawe,

who, in iulfilment of one of the most singular premoni-
tions recorded in history, fell while leading the Black
Watch to the assault of the formidable intrenchments at
Ticonderoga, July 8th, 1758. Another grand uncle (a
brother of the Major), Captain Donald Campbell, also of
the Black Watch, met his death on the same ill-fated
field. Although mortally wounded, Major Campbell
survived for several days, and was carried by his clans-
men back to Fort Edward, where the body was interred.
Lieut.-Colonel E. A. C. Campbell was succeeded in
the command of the Royal Scots by Major Frank
Caverhill, whose promotion to the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel appeared in the same gazette as his predecessor's

5th royal five

1869

Captain J. Esdaile in command

retirement. I/ieutenant-Colonel Caverhill had had a
creditable record in the regiment, and was greatly
beloved by all ranks. He entered the regiment as
ensign October 3i.st, 1877, and was promoted Lieutenant
March 15th, 1878; Captain, December 27th, 1878, and
Major, May 12th, 1882. He retired from the command
March 5th, 1891, and died May 21st, 1899, universally
regretted. His remains were accorded a military funeral
by his old regiment.

Lieut.-Colonel Caverhill was succeeded in the com-
mand by Lieut.-Col. John Hood, who had for many
years been one of the most active members of the

70

j/h ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

regiment and had had the honor of commanding the first
company of the reorganized regiment to wear the kilt.
Ivieut.-Colonel Hood joined the regiment as 2nd Lieut.,
April 9th, 1880, and was promoted Lieutenant, June 2,
1882 ; Captain, July 28th, 1882 ; Major, June 20th, 1890,
and Lieut.-Colonel, March 20th, 1891. He retired retain-
ing rank March 20th, 1893.

Lieutenant-Colonel Hood was succeeded in the com-
mand by Lieut.-Colonel James Alexander Lord Strathy,
who entered the Royal Scots as ensign, Jime i8th, 1880,

ing and other inilitia property in possession of the
regiment was made to Major Ibbotson, Thursday,
December 22nd, 1897, and in February Major Ibbotson
was confirmed in the command. What might almost be
called a reorganization followed the transfer of the
command to Major Ibbotson. January 26th, 1898, a
number of former oiTicers of the regiment were transfer-
red back to the Royal Scots from the reserve of officers,
and several new officers were gazetted to the regiment.
The list of promotions in and additions to the regiment

LT.-COLONEL H. L. ROUTH

LT.-COLONEL JOHN GRANT MAJOR KENNETH CAMPBELL

Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers of the 5th Battalion Royal Light Infantry, who were at the front in the Fenian Raids of 1870

was promoted Lieutenant, .Tune 2nd, 1882, Captain, Feb.
29th, 1884, Major, April 4th, 1891, and Lieutenant-
Colonel March 20th, 1893. In 1894 Lieut.-Colonel Strathy
had the honor of being appointed to the stafi of His
Excellency the Governor-General, the Earl of Aberdeen,
in 1894. His tenure of command of the Royal Scots
terminated in December 1897, and he was gazetted as
retired retaining rank, September loth, 1898. Lieut.-
Colonel Stratty died in 1901.

Major E. B. Ibbotson, was the next commanding
officer of the regiment.

The transfer of the command, with the arms, cloth-

in this important gazette, was as follows: —

To be paymaster with the honorary rank of Captain,
Major Charles Ernest Gault, from the retired list, vice
Foulis, retired. To be quartermaster, with the honorary
rank of Major, Major William Musgrave Blaiklock, from
the Infantrj' Reserve of Officers, vice Foulis retired. To
be vSurgcon-Lieutenant, Ernest Randolph Brown, Esquire,
M.D., to complete establishment. To be Major, Captain
George Whitefield Cameron, vice Blaiklock retired. To
be Captains, Lieutenants Frank Stephen Meighen, vice
Cantlie, retired, Kenneth Charles Campbell, (son
of Major Kenneth Campbell), vice Ibbotson retired

^th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

7'

Dickson Cunningiham-Scott Miller, vice Browne,
retired, and second Lieutenant William Herbert
Evans, vice Simms, retired. To be Lieutenants, 2nd
Lieutenants George Stephen Archibald Oliver, vice
Cameron, retired; Captain George Stephen Cantlie, from
the Infantry reserve of officers, vice Meighen, promoted;
Captain John Stephen Ibbotson, from the Infantry
Reserve of Officers, vice Campbell, promoted; Captain
Edgar Noel Armstrong, from the ist Prince of Wales
Rifles, vice Miller promoted; Captain James George
Ross, (4) vice Evans promoted; Captain James I,uther
Rankin, from the retired list, vice Oliver promoted. To

Stephen Cantlie, vice Meighen appointed Adjutant, 25th
February, 1898. To be 2nd Lieut, provisionally, William
Okell Holden Dodds, gentleman, vice Adair, retired, 21st
February, 1898.

Lieut .-Colonel E. B. Ibbotson first joined the militia
as a bugler in the 6th Hochelaga Light Infantry in 1868.
He served in the ranks in the Victoria Rifles from 1871
to 1875, and June 22, 1882, took his first commission as
Second Lieutenant in the 5th Royal Scots. He was pro-
moted Lieutenant June 13th, 1884, and obtained his
captaincy February 2nd, 1885. He was gazetted Major
April 24th, 1891, and Lieut.-Colonel, January 1st, 1898.

No. 1 COMPANY ROYAL FUSILIERS
Raised by Major Kenneth Campbell in 1875 : photographed in 1877

be second I^ieutenant provisionally, John William Allan,
gentleman, to complete the establishment.

The Official Gazette containing the announcement of
Lieut. -Colonel Ibbotson's appointment to the command,
api^eared March 19th, 1898, and recorded some other
important changes in the regiment. The paragraph re-
lating to the Royal Scots read in full as follows: —

5th Battalion, "Royal Scots of Canada."— To be
Lieut.-Colonel: Major Edward Benjamin Ibbotson, vice
Strathy retired. 25th Feb. 1898. To be adjutant.
Captain Frank Stephen Meighen, vice Lydon, retired,
25th February, 1898. To be captain, I/ieutenant George

U) Captain James G. Ross first .served in the militia in the Ontario Field
Battery, fluelph, Ontario ; sul).sequently served several years in the Victoria
Rifles, Montreal, retiring with the rank of Captain in 1891.)

He was transferred to the reserve of officers .Tune 14th,
1901.

May 17th, 1900, at the special request of the officers,
the Hon. Robert Mackay, member of the Senate of the
Dominion of Canada, was appointed Honorary Lieut-
enant-Colonel of the Royal Scots. Lieut.-Colonel Mac-
kay has taken a practical and generous interest in all
that pertains to the welfare of the regiment, which has
two of his sons among its active officers.

Lieut.-Colonel Ibbotson was succeeded in the com-
mand by Lieut.-Colonel George Whitefield Cameron, Dis-
tinguished Service Order, who joined the Royal Scots as
Second Lieutenant, March 23rd, 1888, and was promoted
Captain January 30th, 1890; Major, March 30th, 1897,
and Lieut.-Colonel June 14th, 1901. While a Major in

72

=:th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

the Scots he proceeded to Soutli Africa as a Captain in
Lord Strathcona's Horse, being promoted to a majority
at the front and awarded the coveted distinction of D.S.
O. for services in the field. January 25th, 1902, Lieut.-Col.
Cameron was seconded for active service as Major with
the 2nd Regiment Canadian Mounted Rifles, and the
same day Major John Carson was promoted Lieutenant-
Colonel, and the command of the Royal Scots trans-
ferred to him.

Lieut.-Colonel John Carson, the present commanding
officer of the 5th Royal Scots of Canada, joined the
regiment as 2nd Lieutenant May 22nd, 189 1, and was
promoted Lieutenant August 28th, 1891; Captain, May
19th, 1894; Major, May 4th, 1898, and Lieutenant-Colonel
January 25th, 1902.

During his tenure of command many important
changes have taken place affecting the welfare of the
regiment. In accordance with general orders of June
20, 1902 its establishment was increased from a 6 Com-
pany to an 8 Company Battalion, making its total
strength 376 of all ranks, and as the regiment then had
a full complement of qualified officers and was con.sider-
ably over strength the 2 additional companies were
raised without any difficulty. The regiment with 8 full
companies, .several of them over strength, took part
in the Montreal Garrison Inspection of June 1903, on
Lafontaine Park, the inspecting officer being major
General The Right Honorable The Earl of Dundonald, C.
V. O. C. B., commanding the Canadian Militia, when it
had the honor of being specially complimented by the
Major - General commanding on its fine appearance,
marching, and drill, a compliment which was highly ap-
preciated by all ranks of the regiment. The regiment
has now 34 officers on its roll, the largest number in its
history and the largest number of officers attached to
any 8 company regiment in the Dominion of Canada.

By the latest change in the establisments of the Can-
adian Militia under date of 23rd February, 1904, the
regimental strength was further increased, and put on a

peace footing of 8 companies with total strength of 419
of all ranks and a war footing of 16 companies with
total strength of 1060 of all ranks.

The regiment is already over its total peace strength.
A determined effort will be made to recruit up to total
war strength before the beginning of next drill season.
By general orders of date. May, 1904, the name of the
regiment was changed to 5th Royal Scots of Canada
Highlanders.

vSince the reorganization, the regiment has had
exactly the same number of changes in the sergeant-ma-
jorship as in commanding officers. The sergeants-major,
with the dates of their appointments have been as fol-
lows:— R. J. Foster, 17.0. 81; J. Fraser, R. P. Niven, 25,

9,84; H. Snelling, ., Robert Allan, 9,5,87; R. P.

Niven {2nd term), 19,12,89; John Currie, 19,11,94;
Thomas A. Gardiner, 14, 7, 98.

The present serg«ant-major holds warrant rank, bleing
one of the first sergeants major in the active militia ser-
vice to receive his warrant. Sergeant-Major Gardiner,
has served twenty-five years in the Royal Scots, and
previous to enlisting in the regiment served for .several
years in the old Montreal Troop of Cavalry.

Since its reorganization the regiment has changed
its quarters twice. From the date of the reorganization,
for many years the regiment occupied quarters in the
ujjper flat of the Bonsecours Market — the old City Hall.
After man)' delays, the present Drill Hall on Craig street
was completed, largely owing to the exertions of Licut.-
Coloncl A. A. Stevenson of the Field Battery, who '.v.-vS
at the time a member of the City Council, in 1888, and
the regiment moved into quarters there that spring. A
rearrangement of quarters took place in 1900 as a result
of the amalgamation of the 1st Prince of Wales Rifles,
and the 6th Fusiliers, and the present quarters were tak-
en possession of at that time, being enlarged and com-
pletely refitted during 1902 and 1903, consequence on the
increase of the regiment to an 8 Company Battalion.

■-^si-

'^ii^j'^^^m^^j^^'^s^HjL^

<D

Some Notable Regimental Happenings

Durins^ the past twenty-three years the career of the
regiment has been a decidedly active one. No opportun-
ity has been lost to keep up the interest of all ranks.
Since 1880 the Royal Scots have in addition to the or-
dinary regimental work at headquarters, made a number
of trips of considerable interest to places more or less
distant from Montreal, for the sake of an outing or to
return the compliment of a friendly visit of an outside
corps to the commercial metropolis.

In 1880 the 5th Royal Fusileers under command of
[Jeut.-Colonel Crawford, took part in the Queen's Birth-
day review on the Plains of Abraham, Quebec, before
H.R.H. the Duke of Albany, H.R.H. the Princess Louise,
and the Marquis of Lome. Nearly 3,000 troops, includ-
ing besides the Quebec and Montreal corps, the 62nd
Fusiliers of St. John, N.B., were on parade upon this
occasion.

In 1884, the regiment proceeded by train to Toronto,
the officers and men participating in an excursion to
Niagara Falls before returning to Montreal. This visit
had an important influence on the movement which
resulted in the organization of the Royal Scots' sister
regiment at Toronto, the 48th Highlanders, and we find
on page 28 of the regimental history of that regiment
the following recognition of the fact:— "The organization
of such a regiment— a militia corps mainly composed of
Scotsmen, wearing the Highland dress, and having a
band of pipers — had been discussed occasionally for some
years prior to 1891, when the idea took definite form.
The existence of the 5th Royal Scots in Montreal was a
constant incentive to Toronto, and the visit of that
corps to Toronto in 1884 stirred the desire for a like
regiment there. In the minutes of the Toronto Gaelic
Society for 1884, reference is made to a discussion of the
subject at a meeting of the society, when an enquiry
was ordered as to the cost of raising and equipping a
Highland regiment."

The 48th was embodied by a General Order dated
October l6th, 1891. (l)

In 1885, the regiment visited Ottawa, Ont., in 1886,
Cornwall, Ont., in 1888, St. .lohns, in 1889, London,
Ont., and in 1891, Ottawa again.

(1) Toronto had .1 Highland Company, raised in 1856, which, ujjon the
organi/.ation of the independent companies of Toronto into tlie .Second
Battalion Qneen's Own Rifles in May, is6o. became No. 4 company of that
battalion ; but subsequently it became the left flank company, No, 10. As the
company was later refused permission to wear the kilt, the men declined
re-enrollment under the Militia Act cf 1S68, and so the company became
extinct

March 25th, 1899, the pipe band of the Royal Scots
proceeded to New Vork to assist Lieut. Dan Godfrey's
English military band, and the 7th Regiment (N.G.N.Y.)
band in a monster musical festival typifying the unity
of the Anglo-Saxon race. During the festival an Amer-
ican and British march specially composed for the
occasion was rendered by the massed bands under the
baton of IJeut. Godfrey.

In 1903 the Royal Scots were invited to send a
detachment of 40 or 50 men to participate in the New
York military tournament, but the officers were unable
to make the necessary arrangements in time.

An event which will always stand out prominently
in the annals of the 5th Royal Scots was the visit to
Portland, Maine, in July 1898. Portland was celebrating
with the national holiday, the 4th of July, the fiftieth
anniversary of the completion of the Grand Trunk Rail-
way, which event had had a most important influence
upon the commercial development of the city. As the
celebration was of an international significance, the Do-
minion Government was appealed to to send a repre-
sentative Canadian regiment to Portland to participate
in the celebration, and more particularly in the military
demonstration which had been decided upon as one of
the main features of the holiday. The government
accepted the invitation, and the 5th Roj'al Scots was
selected and detailed to proceed to Portland to represent
Canada. The regiment, never looked better and was
never in better shape than when it left Montreal on the
evening of July 2nd on this important official mission of
goodwill to the great kindred nation across the lines.
The parade state showed 368 present of all ranks, the
officers being as follows: —

Lieut. -Colonel E. B. Ibbotson, commanding.
Majors George W. Cameron and John Carson.
Major W. M. Blaiklock, Quartermaster; Captain F.
Meighen, Adjutant; Major C. E. Gault, Paymaster;
Surgeon-Major Rollo Campbell, Surgeon-Lieut. Brown.

No. I Company, Captain K. Campbell, Lieutenant
Cleghorn.

No. 2 Company, Captain J. G. Ross, Lieut. W.
Dodds.

No. 3 Company, Captain George Oliver, Lieutenant
A. F. Gault.

No. 4 Company, Captain G. W. Cantlie, Lieutenant
Armstrong.

74

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

No. 5 Company, Captain Evans, Lieutenant Allan.

No. 6 Company, Captain .T. S. Ibbotson and Lieut.
Forbes.

Among other guests accompanying the regiment
were Lieut.-Colonel Caverhill, former commanding officer
of the regiment, I\Iajor J. C. McCorkill, (2) a former
officer of the Royal Scots, and a non-commissioned
officer from each of the city corps.

The regiment received a most hearty and enthu-
siastic reception in Maine's chief seaport. News of the

bodies, Mayor Charles Randall, J. P. Keating, British
Consul, a number of aldermen and others. During the
visit the rank and file of the regiment were quartered in
the armory of the local National Guard organization,
the officers being assigned to quarters at the Preble
House. Altogether nothing was left undone to make all
thoroughly comfortable. The big military review which
was intended to be the main feature of the celebration
was cancelled owing to the inten.se heat; but the regi-
ment had abundant opportunity for experiencing the

No. 6 COMPANY 5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA
Montreal

victory of the United States fleet over the Spaniards in
Santiago Bay was received in the United States while
the Royal Scots were at Portland, adding zest to the
patriotic fervor already aroused by the celebration of
the national holiday.

The regiment on its arrival in Portland was met
and welcomed by representatives of various official

(2) Major the Hon. John Charles McCorkill, K.C., is at the pre.sent time
member of the Q\iebec Lcgi.slative Assembly for Bronie and Provincial
Treasurer. He entered the Royal Scots as 2nd Lieutenant. July 21, 1879 and
was promoted Lieutenant, September 3, 1880; Captain, January 13 1881, and
Major, January 10, 1885. He retired with the rank of Major in 1890.

friendly feeling of the populace. Sunday morning,
July 3rd, the regiment attended Divine service
at St. Luke's Episcopal Cathedral, the streets along
which the regiment passed on the way to and from the
sacred edifice being thronged with people. This church
parade was the occasion of the delivery of a notable
sermon by the Right Reverand Dr. Nealy, Bishop of
Maine. After referring to the feeling of hostility towards
England aroused among the people of the United States
by the revolutionary war, the Bishop remarked:— "It is
wholly unreasonable that the bitterness which was en-

=,th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

75

gendered among the American colonists by the acts ol
Georu-e III, or hy the struggle which followed, should be
suffered to prevail amongst us to-day. It is becoming
more and more manifest, by many tokens, that a very
different emotion is now roused in the hearts of citizens
of the United States by the name "England" from that
which it was long wont to awaken. But here to-day, is
a wonderful thing. You have come to our citj^ not only
to assist in the commemoration of the fiftieth anniver-
sary of the completion of that great railway which has
been both a boon to Canada, and a chief source of our
city's prosperity, binding us together with bands of steel.

England has fulfilled them during the last fifty years.
For whenever England has extended her sway under Her
Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, it has been for the
material, the intellectual and the .spiritual benefit of
those who came under it. It has brought to them the
blessings of a large liberty, of a fuller knowledge in
every department of learning, and of an unmeasurably
increa.sed happiness. Through many generations may the
cords which bind England and America together grow
stronger and stronger until, before the world and in all
that concerns the interests of humanity, they shall be as
one."

No. 4 COMPANY 5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA
Montreal 1884

but to unite with us in the celebration of our birthday Bishop Nealey's sermon was a fair reflection of the

as a nation. Wonderfid indeed it is, and most significant. spirit of the reception accorded to the regiment.

Significant not only of the passing into oblivion of Unstinted praise was bestowed upon the regiment by

former conflicts, but of the awakening of both nations the Portland newspapers, not only for its fine appearance

to a new sen.se of their kinship, and to a recognition of on parade but for the excellent l>ehavior of the men

their common interests in the waj' of their own develop- whether off or on parade. July 6, Mayor Randall wrote

ment and in the advancement of Christian civilization."
The Bishop went on to speak of the war then in pro-
gress, and reverting to the probable result, remarked :—
"If, in the final issue we .should find our.selves, as Eng-
land has often done, with new resiionsibilities laid u])on
us, I can pray for nothing better for ourselves as a

an official letter to ilr. Keating, the British Vice-Consul,
expressing through that official the thanks of the City
of Portland to the Minister of Militia for his courtesy in
sending the Royal Scots to Portland. In this letter His
Worshi]) wrote: — "It was an act of international civility
which we shall long remember. The Scots were the

nation than that we may fulfil such responsibilities as most interesting feature of our celebration, and deserv-

76

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

edly reLcived the praise and plaudits of our people. A
finer body of troops never paraded our streets, and
their bearing while in our city was well worthy the
great nation they represented."

In forwarding Mayor Randall's letter to the Minister
of Militia, Mr. Keating wrote:—

"It has been my privilege as a military man to view
Briti.sh troops march in and out of stations in all parts
of otir colonies, and also to be with them in camp and
barracks. But never before had it been my privilege to
witness troops in a foreign country, with discipline re-
laxed, behave in such an exemplary manner as did the
5th Battalion Royal Scots of Canada. United States
officers freely expressed to me their opinion that the
carriage, drill and conduct of the men was inspiring,
and excelled any Volunteer Militia which they had ever
before inspected. Added to the favorable impression
which the Scots made, their visit has also secured the
desired friendship which I felt would result therefrom,
and which I made a point of when recommending their
visit to Portland."

The officers and men of the Scots have not forgotten
the generous hospitality extended to them in the city by
the sea. January i6th, 1899 an interesting little cere-
mony took place in the Portland City Hall, when a
large picture of the officers of the regiment was present-
ed to the city. The presentation speech was made by
the British Vice-Consul, Mr. Keating, and re.sponded to
by Mayor Randall. The picture now adorns a wall of
the council chamber.

The regiment has had the honor of being represented
in several Royal pageants.

In June 1887, the Briti.sh Empire celebrated the
jubilee of the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne
with great enthusiasm, and in June 1897, Her Majesty's
Diamond .Tubilee was celebrated with even more pro-
noimced manifestations of love for the person of the
venerable sovereign and of loyalty to the Crown. Both
celebrations were loyally ob.served in Montreal, and
military reviews, in which the Royal Scots participated,
were important features of both local programmes.
Upon the occa.sion of the Diamond Jubilee in 1897, the
Dominion Government despatched a selected military
force to London under the command of Colonel, the Hon.
M. Aylmer, Adjutant General, to participate in the
Royal pageant in the Empire's capital. The 5th Royal
Scots had the honor of being called upon to contribute
four-non-commissioned officers andl men to the contingent,
the following being detailed and proceeding to London: —
Col.-Sergt. T. A. Gardiner (now Sergeant Major), No. i
Coy.; Col.-Sgt. J. Munn, No. 6 Coy; Sergeant A. Pope,
No. ^ Coy; Corpl. E. Williams, No. 3 Coy.

A feature of the national celebration of the visit
of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York
to Canada in September, 1901, was a series of big
military reviews held in the capitals of the various
provinces. All of the Montreal militia corps participated

in a review held on the Plains of Abraham, Quebec,
September 17, 1901. The division which took part in
the review was mobilized at Quebec, on Sunday 15th,
participated in a church parade on Sunday, and lined the
streets upon the occasion of the landing of the Royal
party Monday i6th. The 5th Royal Scots formed part
of the first or scarlet infantry brigade, composed as fol-
lows:—1st Prince of Wales Fusiliers, Lieut. -Colonel J. P.
Cooke, 31 officers 537 men; 5th Royal Scots of Canada,
Lieut. -Colonel G. W. Cameron, 23 officers, 299 men; 53rd
"Sherbtrooke" Regiment and 2 companies of the 84th,
Lieut.-Colonel H. R. Fra.ser, 31 officers, 336 men; 85th
Regiment, Lieut.-Colonel des Troismaisons, 31 officers,
336 men; total 1,580. The Scots upon this occasion were
honored in the person of a former commanding officer,
Lieut.-Colonel E. B. Ibbotson, who was selected to com-
mand the brigade.

The Dominion Government despatched a strong
representative contingent of the active militia to London
to represent Canada in the military display arranged to
take place in connection with the Coronation ceremonies
set for June 1902, but so tragically postponed on account
of the sudden illness of His Majesty, King Edward VII.
To this contingent the Royal Scots had the honor of
contributing four non-commissioned officers: — Col.-Sgt.
G. Foley, No. 4 Coy; Col.-Sgt. D. A. Bethune, No. 2
Coy; Sergt. A. Sword, No. I Coy; Sergt. J. Yelland,
No. 6 Company.

Every arrangement was completed for holding a big
military review in Montreal on Coronation Day, Jime
26th, 1902, and besides the Montreal corps, the follow-
ing were to participate: — The Naval Brigade of Portland,
U. S.; Cobourg Garrison Artillery, Governor General's
Foot Guards, Ottawa; loth Royal Grenadiers, Toronto;
13th Regiment, Hamilton; 84th Regiment, St. Hyacinthe
8th Royal Rifles and 9th Voltigeurs, Quebec; 14th
Princess of Wales' Own Rifles, Kingston; 43rd Duke of
Cornwall's Own Rifles, Ottawa. On account of the
postponement of the coronation, the review was can-
celled.

The last trip taken by the 5th Royal Scots was in
1903, when the regiment under the command of I^ieut.-
Colonel Carson, spent May 24th and 25th in the famous
old Limestone Cit}^ of the Lakes as the guests of the city
of Kingston, where the most lavish hospitality was
showered upon them ; the officers being quartered in the
Frontenac Hotel and the men in the City Hall.

The mayor, Dr. J. H. Bell, the members of the city
council and the citizens generally doing everything in
their power to make the trip a pleasant and successful
one. The regiment made a magnificent appearance on
the occa.sion of this trip, the parade state showing a to-
tal strength of 8 companies and 384 of all ranks.

On Sunday, 24th May, the regiment took part in an
open air church, parade, attended by all the Kingston
troops, the preacher being the Rev. G. L. Starr, Chap-
lain of the 14th Regiment, and on Monday, 25th May,

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

77

the rt'siinent had the phitt- of honor in a review of all the
regular and militia corps in Kinj^ston, the division being
under command of Colonel Drury, C. B., who was pleas-
ed to speciallv compliment I<ieut. Colonel Carson on the
work done, by what he termed, his line regiment.

The entire transport and band expenses in connec-
tion with this trip were defrayed by, the Honorary Lieut.
Colonel of the regiment, Lieut. -Colonel Hon. Robert
Mackav, his generosity being much api)reciated. A fact
worthv of notice in connection with this trip is that at
the hour mentioned in orders lor the parade to entrain
home every officer and man was in his place. A

by the citizens of Montreal at the Windsor Hotel to the
Marquis of Lome and H.R.H. the Princess Lotii.se, upon
the completion of the term of the Marquis as Governor-
Creneral of Canada. This guard was commanded by Cap-
tain John Hood, the other officers being Lieutenants E.
B. Ibbot.son and C. C. Newton. (3)

The programme of festivities arranged in connection
with the visit of Their Royal Highness the Duke and
Duchess of Cornwall and York to Montreal, in Septem-
ber 1901, was greatly curtailed out of respect to the
kindred jieople of the United States, at the time plunged
into grief by the dastardly assassination at Buffalo, a

No. 1 COMPANY 5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA
Montreal 1884

large body of citiv.ens headed by Mayor Bell were
at the station to .see tlie regiment off. Mayor Bell in a
short and happy speech voicing the pleasure it had
given the citizens of Kingston to have the 5th Royal
Scots with them.

Shortlv after the return of the regiment to Montreal,
a group picture of the 34 officers of the regiment was
arranged for and a large copy was recently presented to
the City Coimcil of Kingston in commemoration of the
visit of 1903, and now occupies a prominent place on the
walls of their historic City Hall.

The regiment had the honor of supplying the guard
of honor upon the occasion of the farewell ball tendered

few days previously, of President McKinlcy. The arrival
of Their Royal Highnesses was, however, marked by a
royal progress from the Viger vScfuare station to the
residence of Ivord Strathcona and ^Mount Royal, placed
at the disposal of the Royal party during their stay.
Upon this occasion the militia and cadet corps ot the
city were employed to line the streets, the Royal Scots

(3) Ueiitcnaiit (now Captain) Charles C. Newton, although he retired
from the regiment eiRhteen years ago and has lived in England ever since,
continues to take a lively interest in the regiment, and the Sergeants' mess
has during the past few years received .some tangible proofs of his affection
for his old regiment. Captain Newton .served for some time in the ranks of
the Royal Scots, took a commi.ssion as 2nd Lieutenant, July 28, 1882, and was
promoted Lieutenant. October 12, 1882, and Captain, November 9, 188.^. He
resigned January 9 1O86, much to the regret of all ranks in the regiment.

7*

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

beinjr stationed at the Scottish arch erected on Dor-
chester street west by the St. Andrew's and Caledonian
Societies. The rejiiment also fnrnished the jruard of
honor at Lord Strathcona's residence, the officers of the
guard being Captain E. N. Armstrong and Lieutenants
W. Dodds and Peers Davidson.

The regiment also supplied a guard of honor at
Windsor Station upon the occasion of the departure of
the royal party, the officers being Captain George
Cantlie and Captain J. G. Ross.

The regiment has furnished numerous guards to the
various Governors General during the past twenty-three
years.

At the ope:iing of the first Board ol Trade building,
south of St. Sacrament street, September 27th, 1S93,
the Royal Scots fnrnished a guard of honor to His
Excellency the Governor-General, the Earl of Aberdeen,
who officiated at the ceremonv. The officers of the
guard were Captain G. W. Cameron, Lieut. J. Carson,
and Lieut. Kenneth C. Campbell.

Upon the occasion of the 5th Congress of Chambers
of Commerce of the Empire held in Montreal, October,
1903, the Montreal Board of Trade tendered a banquet
at the Windsor Hotel to the visiting delegates. His
Excellency the Governor General, accepting an invitation
to attend, the Royal Scots were called upon to supply a
guard of honor. The officers of this guard were ]\Iajor
J. S. Ibbotson and Lieutenants W. G. :\I. Bvers and A.
J. Maudslay.

By request of the vSt. Andrew's Society, and with
the authority of the General Officer commanding, the
regiment has for many years furnished a guard of honor
at the annual St. Andrew's Day ball of the St. Andrew's
Society.

The cultivation of a social element is not the least
important item of the necessary regimental work of a
volunteer cori)s, and it has received due attention in the
Royal Scots, much to the benefit of the regiment in
every way. Montreal society owes some of the most
enjoyable functions of the past twenty years to the
officers of the Royal Scots, and the sergeants' mess and
the various companies have annually given a series of
dances and euchres which have been uniformly successful
and enjoyable. Some of the functions given under the
auspices of the officers have been specially noticeable.

One of the most brilliant social events which ever took
place in Montreal was the military ball given at the
Windsor Hotel, February 18, 1887, by Lieut.-Colonel
Caverhill and officers of the Royal Scots of Canada.
The special guests of the occasion were His Excellency
the Governor-General, Lord Lansdowne, and Lady Lans-
downe, who were accompanied by their full suite.

In 1895 the St. Andrews Society decided not to give
the usual St. Andrews Day ball, and in order that socie-
ty people might not be disappointed, the Scots took the
matter uj) and gave a dance at the Windsor Hotel on the
evening of November 29th, which was a brilliant success.

Occasional mess dinners have been a feature of the
social life of the Royal Scots, one of the most memor-
able being that tendered to Major E. B. Ibbotson, .Tune
18th, 1894, previous to his departure for England in
command of the Bisley team.

Athletic sport has received its due share of attention.
For .several years the regiment had the honor of pos.sess-
Ing an unconquerable tug-of-war team, and in the early
nineties the officers maintained curling and hockey teams
which played a well-contested .series of home-and-home
matches with teams representing the officers of the
Quebec garrison and the (lovernor General's Foot
Guards, Ottawa.

While due attention has been paid to the social side
of volunteer soldiering, the more .serious side — practical
military training — has been by no means overlooked,
(ireat attention has always been paid by the officers to
the encouragement of rifle shooting in the regiment,
many o' them attending at the ranges themselves, and
thus enco'iraging their men to take an active interest in
marksmanship. As a result the regiment has always
had a goodly proportion of skilled marksmen, and a rifle
team which has been able to render a good account of
it.self.

The regiment has been frecjuently and well represent-
ed on the teams representing the Canadian Militia at the
annual prize meetings oi the National Rifle Association
at Wimbledon and Bisley. Major E. B. Ibbot.s<on had

the honor of commanding the team of ".'14, Major W.

■ ^ji--tio»
M. Blaiklock was Adjutant of that of 1891, and Captain

.Tohn Hood, of that of 1889.

The regiment has been represented in the membership
of the teams as follows: —

Sergeant J. J. Broadhurst, 1895, 97, 98.

I'te. G. Cooke, 1885.

Col.-Sgt. T. Dalrymple, 1885.

Capt. J. Hood, 1884, 86.

Pte. Jas. Kambery, 1887, 91, 94.

Pte. J. T. Peddle, 1902, 03.

Pte. D. Smith, 1882, 83.

Corpl. R. Wilson, 1882.

Staff-Sgt. J. R. Wynne, 1874, 82, 85.

Lieut. F. S. Vaughan, 1888.

Sergeant Broadhurst had the honor of winning the
All-Comers Aggregate at Bisley in 1898. The same
year he, at Bisley, tied for the second Grand aggregate
and for the Daily Telegraph Cup. He also won +he All-
Comers Challenge Trophy or Clarke-Kennedy Cup, the
I/ondon Merchants Cup and the Canada Club Cup.

Among the notable acchievements of the marksmen
of the Royal Scots at the annual matches of the Domi-
nion Rifle Association at Ottawa was the capture of the
Macdougall Challenge Cup by lieutenant F. S. Vaughan
in 1897 and the winning of the Gzowski Cup by the
regimental team in 1888.

The Scots signalized the Queen Jubilee year (1887),
by a splendid victory on the old rifle ranges at Point St.

Kth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

79

Charles on Saturday, June 4th. Mr. George Carslake
offered as a prize six valuable steel engravings to be
completed for by teams representing the various Mont-
real corps. The conditions were snider rifles, ranges 200,
500 and (-00 yards, 7 shots at each range. vSeven teams
entered, the aggregate scores being as follows:— 5th
Royal vScots, 425; 6th Fusiliers, 423; 3rd Victoria Rifles,
409; Montreal Garrison Artillery, 401; 1st Prince of
Wales Rifles, 372; Montreal Engineers, 344, 85th Batta-
lion, 242.

Also during the same year the regimental rifle team
of the Scots had the honor of winning the handsome
silver snuff box which adorns the officers' mess. This
trophy was subscribed for by all the Montreal regiments,
and was offered as a prize for the team making the
highest aggregate score in all the open matches of the year
The victorious team of the Royal Scots consisted of
Private D. Smith, Col.-Sergt. T. Dalrymple, Capt. J.
Hood (Capt. of team), Staff-Sergt. J. R. Wynne, Lieut.
F. S. Vaughan, Pioneer J. Kambery and Pipe Sergt. ,1.
Clarke, and the aggregate score was 2,031 points.

Few officers have done more for the encouragement
of rifle shooting in the Province of Quebec than Major
Blaiklock, who held the position of secretary of the P.Q.
R.A. for many years. Major William M. Blaiklock join-
ed the 6th Hochelaga Light Infantry as ensign, October
1st, 1875, was promoted Lieutenant September 8, 1876,
Captain, October 28, 1881. Was transferred to the
Retired I,ist April 10, 1885, with the rank of Major,
April 11th, 1888. He joined the 5th Battalion as Lieut-
enant and Brevet Major, January yth, 1886, was pro-
moted Captain, and April 13th, 1895, Major. January
26th, i8y8, he was appointed Quartermaster. He died
in March 1904, and his remains were accorded a military
funeral by his old regiment.

The Montreal Amalgamated Rifle Association for
taking systematic charge of the Montreal rifle ranges,
was organized May 3rd, 1890, chiefly through the exer-
tions of Captain, afterwards I^ieut. -Colonel John Hood
of the Royal Scots, who was also an enthusiastic rifle-
man.

In 1898, owing to there being no rifle range near
Montreal, the old Cote St Luc Ranges having been closed,
and the new ranges at Pointe aux Trembles not having
yet been secured, most of the local regiments cancelled
their usual rifle matches. The Royal Scots, however,
made arrangements to have their matches as usual, the
ranges at St. Johns being .secured for the purpose.

The Royal Scots have always borne the reputation
of being a well-drilled and steady regiment on parade,
and this reputation has only been acquired by hard
work in armory and drill hall. Had the competition not
been cancelled by order of the G.O.C, the Royal Scots
would have won the Sir Donald A. Smith challange cup
for general efficiency in 1899, the regiment, as per a re-
port dated October iith, 1899, having obtained 414
])oinls as against 39,s jioints gained by the regiment

next in order. The trophy has since 1899 been with-
drawn from competition.

The report of the D.O.C. on the regiment for the
year last mentioned is interesting: —

"Royal Scots of Canada:— Physique, excellent; drill,
very good; clothing and accoutrements very good; arms,
excellent; discipline, steady on parade; general, an effi-
cient battalion, over strength in men; all ranks full of
zeal and enthusiasm in their duties; excellent band and
pipes; efffcient pioneer corps."

An event of which the Royal Scats are justly proud
was the winning of the beautiful bronze challenge shield
which hangs in the regimental armory, at the Caledonian
Society's annual games, August 3rd, 1901. This beauti-
ful trophy was offered for competition in drill between
companies representing each of the four Montreal infant-
ry regiments, by the Hon. Robert Mackay, Honorary
Lieut.-Colonel of the Scots. After a close and exciting

ARMORY, PORTLAND, MAINE
At Reception of the 5th Royal Scots. July 4th, 1898

competition the company of the Royal Scots commanded
by Sergeant Major Gardiner, was awarded the trophy.

The commanding officers of the Royal Scots have,
while properly paying attention to the maintenance of
the fine appearance of the regiment, had practical ends
always in view, and the regiment was among the first
in Canada to make the annual inspections, as far as
possible, tests ol the real practical efficiency of the
regiment. The facilities for the engagement of the
Montreal corps in practical field work are very limited,
and two attempts to hold tactical exercises of the com-
bined force during the past few years were not very en-
couraging. Major General Herbert, then G.O.C, arrang-
ed to have field manoeuvres for the city force May 24th,
1892, on the south side of the St. Lawrence. A force
supposed to be defending Montreal was to be posted
South of St. Lambert, vmder command of I/ieut. -Colonel
Henshaw, of the 3rd Victoria Rifles, while an invading

8o 5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

force under command of Lieut. -Colonel Massey, of the Hutton, then G.O.C., south of I/aprairie. Upon this

6th Fusiliers, was to advance upon their position from occasion the invading force, consisting of a troop of the

the direction of Ivacadie. The Royal Scots were assign- Hussars, the 2nd R.C.A., 3rd Victoria Rifles and 3tli

ed to the invading force, but continued rainy weather Royal Scots, was commanded by Lieut. -Colonel E. B.

prevented the programme being carried out. Ibbotson. The success of the manoeuvres was restricted

October i8th, 1900 (Thanksgiving Day), tactical by the limited area of land available for the day's oper-

manoeuvrcs were held in the presence of Major-General ations.

^-^^^^■^^'^^^W^i'f^^m^^:^^^-^^-

CHAPTER XL

Active Service At Home and Abroad

Uncf,iiestionalily the most important t'veiit of the i)ast
twetitv-three ^-ears in the annals of the Canadian Militia,
as it was probably the most momentous event during a
quarter of a eentury in the history of the British Em-
pire, was the South African war of 1899-1902. The de-
termining of the supremacy of British rule in South
Africa was of itself, a matter of vast importance, but
the future will dotibtless prove that the most important
result of the war, was the demonstration before the eyes
of a sceptical world of the solidarity of the Empire, and
the voluntary assumption by the self-governing colonies
of a share of moral responsiliility in the jjrotection of
Imperial interests.

Not since the Fenian raids had the heart of Canada
been so stirred as it was by the mobilization and de-
si)atch to the scene of war of the contingents of brave
Canadian militiamen who volunteered their services in
defence of the flag of the Empire in South Africa. It
was a proud experience for Canada to witness the
eagerness of her gallant lads to do their share in that
work of Empire — building which has made such tremend-
ous strides during the past five years; it was one of Ca-
nada's ])roudest days when she heard of the devoted
heroism of her sons at Paardeberg, although the proper
pride felt upon the latter occasion was tempered by
pangs of sorrow for the fallen.

The strength of the various Canadian contingents
despatched to South Africa with the dates of their sail-
ing, were as follows: — 2nd (Special Service) Battalion of
the Royal Regiment of Canadian Infantry, 1,039 officers
and men, October 30, 1899; :st Battalion Canadian
^lounted Rifles (from Aug. i, 1900, designated the Royal
Canadian Dragoons), 375 ofTicers and men, February
21st, i9<jo; 2nd Battalion Canadian Moimted Rifles (sub-
sequently designated "The Canadian IMoimted Rifles"),
275 officers and men, .January 27, 1900; Brigade Division
of Royal Canadian Artillery, 539 officers and men,
.Tanuary and February, 1900; draft to replace casualties
in the 2nd Battalion R.R.C.I., 103 ofFicers and men,
March i6, 1900; Strathcona's Horse, 548 officers and
men, March 16th, 1900; draft to reinforce Strathcona's
Horse, 51 officers and men, May ist, 1900; South African
Constabulary, March 29th, 1901, i,2(X) officers and inen;
2nd Regiment Canadian Mounted Rifles, 901 officers and
men, January 28th, 1902; No. 10 F'ield Hospital Com-
pany, 62 officers and men, .Tanuary 1902; 3rd, 4th, sth

and 6th Regiments Canadian Mounted Rifles, 539 officers
and men each. May 8th to 23rd, 1902. This makes a
grand total of 7,349 officers and men.

In addition, the Dominion Government raised and
equipped the 3rd (Special Service) Battalion of the
Royal Regiment of Canadian Infantry, of a strength of
1000 men, which performed garrison duty at Halifax, N.
S., and at Esquimault, B.C., thus relieving for .service
in the field the regular regiment at the time in garrison.

The 5th Royal Scots had the honor of contributing
more men in proportion to its establishinent to the Ca-
nadian contingents than any other infantry regiment in
Jlontreal, if not in Canada. The complete list of mem-
bers of the regiment who served the Empire in the Ca-
nadian contingents in South Africa, is as follows: —

laeut. -Colonel George W. Cameron, D.S.O., Captain
Charles J. Armstrong, lieutenant G. B. Mackay, Lieut-
enant J. W. Allan, Lieutenant A. Hamilton Gault.

Non-commissioned officers and men : —

List of N. C. O. and men of the 5th Royal Scots, who
joined the Canadian Contingent.

C. Allan, R. J. Ryan, A. F. Cameron, F. G. Corner,
II. W. Coates, J. Currie, F. Coons, T. H. Doyle, A. A.
Durkee, F. J. Daley, H. Dougal, F. Erskine, P. H. Evans
D. Fergison, M. Gunn, I. Gamble, R. Goodfellow, J. C.
Gardner. W. J. Hale, G. Hampson, A. Hannaford, P.
Hynes, S. W. Hately, F. B. Irwin, F. T. Jones, J. Mc-
Goldrick, R. G. D. McLean, H. A. McDougall, J. A.
McDonald, W. Mclver, J. R. Molyneux, R. O'Toole, J.
Phillips, A. Pope, A. Sword, W. Stenning, F. G. \V.
Thomas, A. W. 'Wilkins, J. H. Walters, F. Wasdell, W.
Wilkin, J. Yelland, J.S. Youngson, W. Jeffry, J.C. Mac-
pherson, A. J. Tullock, I,. »Stanton, J. Lampton, A. Mac-
kellar.

Caporal R. Goodfellow and I'rivate W^isdell gave
their lives for the Empire u])on the battlefield, the former
falling at Paardeberg, on February i8th, the latter at
the final advance upon Cronge's Laager, February 27th

Lieut. -Colonel Cameron had the honor of serving in
two of the most famous of the Canadians contingents.

In I^ord >Strathcona's Corps he particijjated in the
operations in the Eastern and Western Transvaal from
June to November 1900 and the operations in the Orange
River Colony November and December 1900. He was
mentioned twice in the London Ga/ette 1901 and obtain-
ed the medal with three clasps and the I). S. O. — Was

82

^th ROYAL SCOTS OP CANADA

gazetted an Honorary Major in the Army, September,
2oth, 1901. In the second Regiment Canadian Mounted
Rifles he participated in the operations in the Transvaal
February" to May 31st, 1902.

Captain C. .7. Armstrong took part with the 2nd
Special Service Riegiment, R. R. C. 1., in the operations
in the Orange Free State from February to May 1900,
including the operations at Paardeberg F'ebruary i8th
to the 26th, during which he was wounded. He also
participated in the actions at Poplar Grove, March 7 ;
Driefonteiii, March 10 ; Hont Nek, May i ; and Uzand
River to May 10. He took part in the operations in the
Transvaal in May and June, 1900, including actions
near Johannesburg, May 29, and Pretoria June 4. He
served on the staff ol the Imperial Military Railways,
South Africa from July 1900 to May 31st, 1902 and re-
ceived the war medal with three' clasps and the King's
medal with three clasps. At the conclusion of the war
Captain Armstrong was appointed District Engineer of
South African Railways at Harrismith, Orange River
Colony.

lieutenants Allan, Ciault and Mackay .served in the
SeconcJ Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rilles, Lieutenant
Mackay being wounded in three places at the lirst en-
gagement at Hart's River.

Most of the men ol the regiment who went to South
Africa joined the first contingent, raised in October 1899,
no less than thirty-five officers and men transferring from
the Royal Scots, serving in K Company of the 2nd Spe-
cial Service of the R. R. C. I. At the time of the rais-
ing and despatch of this first contingent to the seat ol
war the patriotic spirit of the Canadian i)eople reached
the highest pitch of excitement.

In Montreal at the time the first contingent was be-
ing rai.sed, and attached to the Royal Scots, was Cap-
tain J. C. Gardiner, of the 3rd Militia Battalion of the
Scottish Rifles. To accompany the contingent he resign-
ed his commission in the Scottish militia, enlisted as a
private in the Royal Scots, presented himself as a re-
cruit for the Contingent, passed the required examination,
was accepted and proceeded to the seat of war. April
14, 1900, at Bloomfontein, he was transferred back, as an
officer, to the Scottish Rifles, and attached to the 4th
(Militia Battalion) which had been embodied and sent to
the front. He was detailed for service with the Mounted
Infantry, commanded the Bcshuff Mounted Infantry, and
returned to Scotland, March 1902.

Upon the occasion of the embarcation of the first
contingent for South Africa, no less than eighteen of the
total establishment of twenty-six officers of the Scots,
went down to Quebec accompanied by the regimental
pipers, who marched at the head of the regiment on the
march from the Citadel to the Ksplanade, and thence to
the transport.

Sunday, June 2, 1901, the Royal Scots paid a touch-
ing tribute to the memory of the two members of the
regiment who gave their lives for the Empire in South

Africa. On returning to the Drill Hall, after the annual
Church parade of the regiment to St. Andrew's Church,
a monumental brass in memory of the dead soldiers,
afterwards erected in the regimental armory, was dedi-
cated with simple, hut impres.sive ceremony, the Rev.
Dr. J. Edgar Hill, Chaplain ol the regiment officiating,.
The memorial brass bears the arms ol the regiment in
her;»ldic colors, and states that it is in memorj' of Cor-
poral Robert Cuthbert Goodfellow and Private Frederick
Wasdell, who fell in action at Paarderberg, S.A., the
former on F\'bruary 18, 1900, aged 35 years, and the lat-
ter on F'ebruary 27, 1900, aged 23 years. "This tablet,"
it is also recorded, "is erected by the officers, non-com-
missioned officers and men of the Royal Scots of Cana-
da in honor of their comrades."

Since the Orange troubles the Royal Scots have per-
formed con.siderable .service in Canada in aid of the civil
power, but, to the regret of all ranks, the regiment had
no opportunity to as.sist in tlie suppression of the North-
west rebellion.

The year 1885 is an imi)ortant one in the annals of
the Canadian Militia.

The Northwest Rebellion broke out with startling
suddenness so far as the general jjublic of Canada was
concerned in Marcb of that year. On the 23rd Sir John
A. Macdonald, then Premier, announced in the House of
Commons, that some Half-Breeds instigated and led by
I,ouis Riel, had cut the wires and stopped communica-
tion with the settlements on the North Saskatchewan.
On the 26th the battle of Duck I<ake occurred, and Ca-
nada was thrown into a state of violent excitement
from one end to the other. Riel boasted that he had
sympathizers in the United States, and owing to threats
ol Fenian invasions, the Montreal force, owing to the
city's expo.sed position, was not largely drawn upon for
the campaign. At first the 65th Rifles only, of the
Montreal corps, was called out and despatched to the
front. Some weeks later the Garrison Artillery were
called out and sent forward to Regina, and after their
departure, the ist Prince of Wales Regiment was called
out, equipped, put into quarters on the exhibition
grounds and kept there for a month, in case of emergency.
All of the city regiments received instructions to prepare
for service, and all, including the 5th Royal Scots, set
themselves to work to attain a high degree of efficiency.

During the summer of 1885, smallpox, a disease from
which the city had been perfectly free for many years,
was brought to Montreal by a I'ulman car conductor
living in Chicago, where the disease was prevalent. This
man being admitted to a public hospital, where the dis-
ea.se from which he was suffering was not at once re-
cognized, a number of people were brought into contact
with the contagion, and the contagious smallpox spread
with great rapidity, particularly as the very simple pre-
caution of vaccination had been generally neglected. The
municipal authorities, when aroused, took drastic means
to stamp out the disea.se, compulsory vaccination and iso-

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

S3

lalation being introthieed. This was resented by a certain
section of the population, and a mob attacked and wrecked
an east-end vaccination depot, and marching to the
City Hall, proceeded to break the windows. The follow-
ing dav threats were made to attack other municipal
buildings, and the residences of officials and others who
had shown activity in connection with the vaccination
and isolation campaign. To assist the city jiolice force,
the whole of the local militia corps were called out that

suit of the constant expectation, earlier in the j'ear, of a
call to active service in the Northwest. The Royal
Scots turned out in full strength, Ivieut.-Colonel Caver-
hill being in command.

The first night the troo])s were called out was one
of much excitement in Montreal. The residences of .sev-
eral aldermen and officials in various parts of the city
had been threatened with attack, and while detachments
were posted to protect some of them, and the municipal

OoMOffeae Staeet
*\ Passing SecONO Parish Churom

PseafiNTEo BY

SeiiaT C.E.Wa«d

2hD REOIMeWT CAMAOtAM AfiTlLLtfiY

night. The late Lieut. -Col B. Van Htranben/ie, then.
Deputy Adjutant General, being absent from the
city, the command devolved upon I/ieut.-Col. A. A.
Stevenson, commanding the Montreal Field Battery, but
the next day Major General Sir Fred Middle ton, the G.
O.C., caine down from Ottawa to supervise the arrange-
ments, and expressed his satisfaction with what had been
done.

All of the city cori)s at this time turned out prompt-
ly, the interior organization being very complete as a re-

biiildings, patrols were sent out through other parts of
the city where trouble was feared. The whole regiment
of the Royal Scots, accomjjanied by a magistrate, was
despatched on patrol duty through a portion of the
west end, returning to the regimental head(|uartcrs in the
upper storey of the Bonsecours Market building, without
incident. Quiet being restored in the city proper, most of
the brigade was dismissed from active service, one re-
giment being kept on duty to supply guards for the ar-
mories and the exhibition buildings at Mile End. Some

84

-,th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

of the exhibition biiildinjjs had been taken possession of
by the Health otruials and were being transformed into
an emergency isolation hospital for smallpox patients,
and the demolition of the buildings was threatened by
the unrulv element. To prevent these threats being car-
ried out a guard of 250 men was maintained at the ex-
hibition grounds vmtil the hospitals had been equipped,
the first patients entering the gates as the last guard
was withdrawn. The guard was changed, each day, the
varioxis city regiments, including of course, the Royal
Scots, taking the dutv in turn. Owing to the large ex-
tent of the exhibition grounds necessitating the posting
of many .sentries, the duty upon this occasion
was vcr}' exacting, and the militiamen were glad when
it was all over. At the conclusion of this term of duty,
the militia were warmh' com])limented in orders for the
exemplary behavior of all ranks.

As a matter of record, it might be stated that 3,164
people died from the smallpox in Montreal before the
epidemic was complete!}- stamped out.

In October 1900 .serious labor troubles occurred at
Valley field. They originated in a comparatively trifling
event, the strike of some 150 laborers employed by the
contractors engaged in excavations for the foimdations
of a new mill being constrvicted for the Montreal Cotton
Companj'. After making an unsuccessful effort to induce
the mill ojjeratives to join them, the strikers attempted
to close down the big mills by cutting off their coal sup-
ply, refusing to allow the coal carts to leave the vards.
As the municipal authorities were helpless, they appealed
lor militarj- assistamce. A lion's .share of the tour of
active service which followed fell to the Royal Scots.

On the morning of October 25th, Lieut. -Colonel Roy,
D.O.C. of the 6th District, at the time acting also as
D.O.C. of the 5th Military District, received at his own
headt|uarters, at St. Johns, a requisition fir the services
of a hundred militiamen of the Montreal force, signed bv
the Mayor of Valleyfield and two justices of the peace.
Colonel Roy at once came in to Montreal and issued an
order for the Royal Scots to furnish the detachment
requisitioned. The order was issued at ten, and mes-
sengers were soon hurrjdng al^out the city notifying the
men at their respective places of business to report for
duty at the Drill Hall by one o'clock. At half past
twelve the complete detachment required was on parade.
The detachment was formed up into two companies,
Lieut.-Colonel E. B. Ibbotson personally assuming the
command. The other officers were Major Carson, Cap-
tain Meighen (Adjutant), Captain Ross (acting quarter-
master), Surgeon Major Rollo Campbell, Captains
Campbell and Miller, Lieutenants Rankin, Dodds, Cleg-
horn, H. Mackay and George Mackay. The detach-
ment paraded in marching order, with trews, and pre-
sented a very smart and serviceable appearance. It took
some little time getting ammunition, stores, etc., ready,
and meantime a special train was held in readiness at
the G.T.R. station, the start for Valleyfield being made

at about two o'clock. The members of the regiment re-
maining in the city were ordered to parade nighth- to be
available in the event of reinforcement being required.

The arrival of the detachment in Valleyfield aroused
considerable excitement, and more or less ill-feeling. The
mill club ]5remises and the skating rink nearby were oc-
cupied as quarters. To preserve the peace, a strong force
was stationed at the main gates of the cotton mill, a
disturbance being feared as the 2,900 operatives were
leaving the mill. Pickets were also mounted to patrol
the roads in the vicinity of the mill ]iro]ii.-rtv. Several
crowds gathered during the evening at various ])oints,
and about 8.20, one of these began throwing stones at a
detachment of 25 men under Captain Meighen. The de-
tachment turned, fixed bayonets, and dispersed the mob
by charging. While approaching the mill gates they
were again attacked with heavy stones, .several men be-
ing injured. Simultaneously the pickets on patrol were
treated in a similar manner. I/ieut. -Colonel Ibbotson
was at once notified, and despatched his whole available
force to the as.sistance of tho.se attacked. This lasted for
some time, and finally it was reported to Colonel Ibbot-
son that the men attacked had been forced to fall back
into one of the mill vards. The whole of the little force
was concentrated there, and Colonel Ibbotson, who had
been vainly trying to secure the services of a magistrate
to read the Riot Act, assumed jK'rsoual command.

The little force of troo])s drawn up in grim .silence
was still suffering at the hands of the mob when Mr.
Papineau, the Recorder of Valleyfield, having passed
through the crowd, reported to Lieut.-Colonel Ibbotson.
^Ir. Papineau admitted that the riot had reached a very
serious stage, and Lieut.-Colonel Ibbotson reciuested him
to proceed with him to jierform the dutv ol reading the
Riot Act, which he hesitated to do for the reason that
he did not consider the force at the disposal of Colonel
Ibbotson of sufficient strength to act effectively on the
offen.sive. Colonel Ibbotson had already realized that
this was the case, but he determined to do ^ll he could.
His officers agreed that the situation was serious, and
the men were getting beyond control. He first ordered
three selected men to fire a volley in the air over the
mill. This temporarily quieted the mob. The stone
throwing being renewed, T/ieut. -Colonel Ibbotson had the
bugles sonnd; and charged the mob with fixed bayonets,
forcing them back to a bridge over the headrace, where
they held the mob in check.

Meantime a message for reinforcements was .sent to
I/ieut.-Col. Labelle of the 65th, temporarily acting D.O.C.
at Montreal. That evening the portion of the Royal Scots
still remaining in Montreal paradied at the Drill Hall, and
when word was received that reinforcements were needed
at Valleyfield, Captain Cantlie, who was in command of
the parade, at once inade arrangements with the Grand
Trunk officiafs to provide a special train in case it prov-
ed to be necessarv, and also opened up communication
with Lieut. -Col. Roy, who had returned to .St. .Tohns,

Sth ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

8S

The acting D.O.C. at once ordered the remainder of the
Royal Scots, one company of the Garrison Artillery, two
of the Victoria Rifles and Number 3 Bearer Company to
Valley field. This force left :Montreal shortly after one
o'clock the next morning under command of Lieut. -Col.
Hamilton of the 3rd Victoria Rifles-. The officers accom-
panying this second detachment of the Royal Scots were
Captain Cantlie, L/ieutenants Armstrong and Davidson,
and Surgeon-Lieutenant Brown.

The presence of the troops appears to have acted as
an irritant upon the operatives in the cotton mill, they
sympathising with the original strikers. The morning of
Friday 26th, 600 of the mill hands quit work, and the
same afternoon the remainder of the 2,900 work people
followed their example. Several knots of men of a more
or less unruly character gathered, and a few breaches of
the peace occurred, but no rioting of such a serious char-
acter as occurred the first night. The situation looked
so threatening, however, that Lieut.-Col. Roy called out
two troops of the Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hus-
sars and four companies of the 65th Mount Royal Rifles.
Early in the afternoon of the 26th, the cavalry proceeded
to Valleyfield, the 65th following them at night. Lieut.-
Colonel Roy accompanied the Hussars, returning, how-
ever, to Montreal on the following day. The arrival ol
so many re-inforcements had a soothing effect upon the
excited public of Valleyfield, and the public anxiety grad-
ually died out.

Saturday morning the 27th, passed off quietly, and
that afternoon half the infantry were relieved from fur-
ther duty and returned to Montreal. A force of about
260 men still remained at Valleyfield under the com-
mand of Lieut.-Colonel Ibbotson. They comprised 42 of
the Victoria Rifles, 84 of the Royal Scots, 84 of the 65th
Mount Royal Rifles, 50 of the Duke of York's Royal Ca-
nadian Hussars and 20 of the Montreal Bearer Company.
On Monday all the mUl hands having returned to work,
and there being no further cause for suspicion of a return
of trouble, arrangements were made with the railway
company for the withdrawal of the remainder of the
troops to Montreal. The infantry left by si>ecial train
about half. past one, the cavalry remaining over night,
in consequence of the railway people not being able to
supply cars to transport the horses.

The comfort of the troops on duty at Valleyfield was
most thoroughly attended to by the Montreal Cotton
Company.

Many of the officers and men of the Scots on duty at
Valleyfield received wounds from stones and other mis-
siles. The wounded who received hospital treatment
were as follows: —

No. I Company. — Colborn Miller, scalp wound, not
serious; Stewart Simpson, severe wound over the eye.

No. 2 Company.^Dan McOuay, severe contused
wound on the face; William Wilson, slight contusion on
the neck, Samuel J(jhn Tuck, injured elbow, severe con-
tusion of the scalp.

No. 3 Company. — Ernest Simpson, ear cut.

No. 5 Company. — Lome Clark, severe contusion on
the shoulder, Fred William Flood, slight scalp wound,
Stewart Foster, wound and contusion on the face.

The Scots were very highly complimented for their
conduct upon this very tr)ring service, and their com-
manding officer, Lieut.-Colonel Ibbotson, had the unique
distinction of receiving a complimentary notice of his
services rendered upon this occasion, in the Dominion
parliament.

The Royal Scots performed their next turn of active
service at home. At the opening of navigation in 1903,
serious trouble developed between the Montreal wharf
laborers and their employers. Serious rioting having
taken place on the wharves on Tuesday, April 28th, a
requisition was made upon the D.O.C, Col. W. D.
Gordon, for military protection. During the afternoon,
orders were issued for the Duke of York's Royal Cana-
dian Hussars, 3rd Victoria Rifles, 65th Regiment, and
Number 3 Bearer Company to turn out. The same eve-
ning the corps in question took possession of the
wharves in the vicinity of the ships already in port. The
5th Royal Scots and 1st Prince of Wales Fusiliers had
their usual drill parades the same night, and, on orders
from Colonel Gordon, a detachment from each regiment,
consisting of three officers and fifty men, was placed on
active service at once, the remainder of both regiments
being ordered to parade lor active service the following
morning. Before daylight on the 29th, the detachment
of the Royal Scots ordered first for duty, with the de-
tachments of the 1st and 65th, was marched to the far
east end of the harbor, where there was considerable
hard duty to perform. About eight o'clock the regiment-
al parade of the Royal Scots was formed up in the Drill
Hall, and the corps, under command of Lieut.-Colonel
Carson, marched down to the place assigned to it on
Commissioners Street from the foot of Berri Street, east-
ward. Here the regiment had much disagreeable duty
to perform. The first day the regiment was on duty
Lieut.-Colonel Carson had to advance his line several
times to force the crowd back, and as a portion of the
water front of about one half mile had to be jirotecUi. .
gular reliefs were started, and the work of thoroughly guar
ing this important centre, which took in the C. P. R.,
freight sheds and elevators, was carried on with satis-
faction during a service lasting altogether fourteen days.

At the commencement of this service the regiment
was quartered on board the S.S. Alexandrian, and after
that .ship shifted her moorings, the Royal Scots took
possession of the old Dalhou.sie Square station of the
C.P.R., the oflicers and men taking their meals at the
Place Viger Hotel.

The force was relieved from duty on the settlement
of the difficulties between employers and men, on May
nth.

86

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

The 5th Royal Scots' first 4th of July.

Written after return from celebrating the day in

PORTLAND, MAINE

By Drum-Major W. R. Boyd, 5th Royal Scots of Canada, July 8lh, 1898.

Air — " Way Down in Maine.''

([) Didn't we have a glorious time ?

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.
For hospitality \ hey shine

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* When the 5th Royal Scots to Portland went
Each member was treated like a gent,
'Twas their intent, we'd spend "nary" cent

[Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

(2) We seemed to take the place by storm,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.
It made us all wish that we'd been born

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* They welcom'd us like Royal guests.
And every one there did their best,

Till we fell in love with their bonnie little nest
(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

(3) The highest to the lowest were as Friends and Brothers,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.
While the Ladies (God bless 'em) were as Sisters and Mothers,
(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* If we should live for a hundred years
We'll ne'er forget the hearty cheers ;

They never do anything by halves, it appears,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

(4) They almost took our breath away

(Omties) 'Way down in Maine.
With feasting and sight-seeing all the day,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* To Cushing's fair island we first did lead,
Then to Riverton's beautiful park we sped.

While our cheers and shouts were enough to wake the dead,
(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

(5) Another warm reception, too, we got,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.
For "Old Sol" was as fiery as a furnace hot,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* He drew out moisture from every pore
Till we felt we'd lost ten pounds or more.

So our bodies (like our hearts) were lighter than before,
(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

6) We spent a few hours with the " Boys in Blue,"
(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.
With the Lads from Connecticut and Montauk's Crew,
(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* They looked a sturdy, vigorous set,
A finer body we've rarely met,

And so think the Portland girls— you bet,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

(7) Now, we'll not forget the kindly Mayor

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine,
Who was instrumental in getting us there,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* We couple with the mayor his Aldermen true.
Who all did the utmost men could do.

While the Gov'nor of the State gave a hearty welcome too,
(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

(8) We'll ever remember that 4th of July,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.
"Where our National Flags together did fly,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* May the "hatchet of hatred" buried be
As deep as the bottom of the deepest sea ;
Nevermore let Anglo-Saxons enemies be,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

(9) When for Home ! Sweet Home ! we hurried away,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.
We wish'd for a week we all could stay,

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

* The memory of our visit will be
The pleasantest in our History.
May God send You all Prosperity

(Omnes) 'Way down in Maine.

Repeat from * in each verse.

CHAPTER XII.

Historical Highland Regiments

Some account of the historical kilted reg-iments in
His Majesty's service and of the old Hifjhland corps,
now non-existant, which helped to make history on this
continent in the old stirring days, seems to be called
for in a history of Canada's senior Highland regiment.

The Black Watch, or in Gaelic, "Freiceadan Dubh,"
the first of the Highland regiments, had its origin in a
commission granted to John, second Earl of Athole, in
1668, "to raise and keep such a number of men as he
shall think fit" to be a constant guard for securing
peace in the Highlands.

The term"Black" arose from the dark color of their
tartan imiform, which distinguished them from the re-
gular troops, called in Gaelic the "Saighdean Dearg" or
red soldiers. From 1704 till the Union, there were three
companies in existence directly dealt with by the trea-
sury in regard to pay and clothing, and wholly armed
with firearms. In 1729 the companies were six in num-
ber— three comprising 100 men each and commanded by
(.aptains, and three, of seventy men each, commanded by
»aptain-lieutenants. The body was rai-sed chiefly from
"he whig or loyal clans — CampT>ells, Grants, Munros, etc.
The duties of the original Black Watch were largely
^hose pertaining to the police service, namely to enforce
*he Disarming Act, to prevent political meetings of a
seditions kind, and to check depredation. After being of
considerable service for these local purposes, the whole of
these companies in 1739, were formed into the 42nd Regi-
ment, under the command of the Earl of Crawford. In
'743 the regiment joined the British force operating in
^i'landers, and first went into action at Fontenoy.

As the regiment was embodied under a lyowlander, it
was necessary to adoi)t an arbitrary pattern of tartan,
which has ever since been known as the 42nd or Black
Watch tartan. When in 1S81, the numerical designations
of the British infantry regiments were dropped, the
former 42nd and 73rd Regiments were made respectively
first and second battalions of the "Black Watch (Roval
Highlanders.)"

The first uniform of the Black Watch, and con.se-
quently the first Highland uniform worn in the British
army, included, contrary to general belief, a scafflet jacket
and waistcoat. These had buff facings, and were trim-
med with white lace. The kilt was described as a tartan
plaid of twelve yards, plaited round the middle of the

body, the upper part being fixed on the left shoulder,
ready to be thrown loose and wrapped over both should-
ers and firelock, in rainy weather. At night the plaid
served the purpose of a blanket. These were called
belted phiids, from being kept tight on the body by a
belt, and were worn on guards, reviews, on all occasions
when the men were in full dress. On this belt hung the
pistols and dirk when worn. In the barracks, and when
not on duty, the little kilt or philabeg was worn. A
blue bonnet, with border of white, red and green, ar-
ranged in small scjuares to re.semble the less chequey in
the arms of the different branches of the Stewart family,
and a tuft of feathers, or sometimes a small piece of
black bear skin was the head-dress. Tartan hose with
buckled shoes were worn, and sporans of badger skin.
The arms were a musket, a bayonet, and a large basket-
hilted broadsword. Such of the men as chose to supply
themselves with pistols and dirks were allowed to carry
them, and some had targets or .shields. The sword belt
was of black leather, and the cartouche box was carried
in front supported by a n.ifl-row belt round the middle.
The officers' dress-coats were slightly embroidered with
gold; the sergeants' jackets were trimmed with silver
lace, which they provided for themselves.

The Black Watch have had an intimate connection
with the history of Canada and particularly with the
military history of Montreal. This city was during the
old French wars, as during the war of 1812, the Trent
Affair, and the Fenian Raids, and as at present, the chief
strategical point of the Canadian defences. To capture
Montreal would be to gain possession of the chief
base of supplies, and to .sever the only available line of
communication between the seaboard and the armed
posts in the interior. And so the expedition under
Abercromby, which met defeat at Ticonderoga in 1758,
was formed to force the line of Lake Champlain and the
Richelieu, and to capture Montreal. The story pof the
precipitate attack upon the imperfectly reconnoitred ab-
batis in front of Montcalm's po.sition, of the desperate
daring of the Black Watch and their comrades of the
27th, 44th, 46th and 55th Regiments, and of the
repeated charges through the brushwood, and of the
dreadful carnage wrought upon the charging masses, are
now matters of history. The British were defeated, but
won for themselves great glory, and especially the Black

**

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

Watch, that regiment's casualties oiit of a strength oi
1,300, being 314 killed and 333 wounded.

The second battalion of the Black Watch was raised
in America in 1759, and the complete regiment formed
part of the main British army under General Amherst,
which, landing at I.achine, after descending the St.
Lawrence, in 1760, in accordance with one at the most
elaborate and most brilliantlj' executed strategical com-
binations recorded in military history, advanced with
the other converging armies, upon Montreal, forced the
city into capitulation and put a period to French rule in
Canada. The 42nd covered itself with glory during the
revolutionary war in what is now the United States,
afterwards serving in Nova Scotia until 1789. The regi-
ment was again quartered in Nova Scotia in 1851 and
1852.

Fraser's Highlanders, who participated in the cap-
ture of LouisWurg and Quebec, were commanded by the
Hon. Simon Fraser, son of that Lord Lovat who was
beheaded on Tower hill for high treason. Eight hundred
of the men belonged to the forfeited estate of his own
family, and six hundred and sixty were addted by the
gentlemen of the country around, and the officers of the
regiment, so that the battalion commanded by "the
Master of Lovat," consisted of fourteen hundred and
sixt}- men. They formed a splendid body, wore' the full
Highland costume, winter and summer. Their arms
were musket and broad-sword, whilst many wore the
dirk. The bonnet worn by Fraser's Highlanders was
raised or cocked on one side and had two or more black
feathers in it. The regiment was raised on the recom-
mendation of Pitt in 1757 and landed at Halifax from
Greenock, in June of that year. After the capture of that
city, Fraser's Highlanders, who had been numbered the
78th, remained in Quebec until 1762, when it took part in
the Newfoundland expedition, being disbanded the fol-
lowing year, and many of the officers and men settling
in Canada. The Highhind costume was not regarded
with favor by the Quebec pyeople, and, moved either by
modesty or sympathy, the good sisters of the Ursulines
convent made hose for the .sentries on duty at their
gates, and were not only disappointed, but surprised
when their gifts were declined. Some of the military
authorities also appeared to think the Highland costume
unsuited to the Canadian winter climate, and a proposal
was seriou.sly made to change the uniform. But the
members of the regiment so strenuously objected that
the idea was dropped. In 1775 when an increase of the
army by 35 regiments for the American war was au-
thorized, the regiment of Fraser's Highlanders was reor-
ganized in two battalions, con.sisting of 2,340 officers
and men. The Colonel-in-chief was the Hon. Simon
Fraser of Lovat, the Lieut.-Colonel of the first battalion.
Sir William Er.skine, of Torry, and of the second batta-
lion, Archibald Campbell. It was numbered the 71st,
and served through the Revolutionary War.

Of the force of 1,800 men which formed the garrison

of Quebec in 1775-76, 230 were men of the old Fraser's
and other Highland regiments, who had settled in Ca-
nada and the other English colonies and had been re-
embodied upon the outbreak of the war, under I^ieut.-
Colonel Allan Maclean, of Torloisk. These veteran
Highlanders formed part of the first battalion of the
two-battalion regiment raised in America under the
name of "The Royal Highland Emigrants" in 1775, and
in 1778 nuiTihered the 84th. Most of the officers and men
had previously served in Fraser's Highlanders, Mont-
gomerie's Highlanders, or the Black Watch. The uniform
of both battalions was the full Highland dress with
sporrans made of racoon skins. The officers wore the
broadsword and dirk, the men a half-basket sword. In
1783, after the war, the regiment was again disbanded,
most of the members of the first battalion settling in
Upper Canada, tho.se of the second battalion in Nova
Scotia.

Montgomerie's Highlanders, recruited by the Hon.
Archibald Montgomerie in 1857, came to AmericcT at the
same time as Fra.ser's Highlanders and participated in
the operations against F'ort du Quesne. Disbanded after
the conquest of Canada, many of the officers and men
settled in Nova Scotia and the New England colonies.

The old 74th Regiment, or Argyle Highlanders, which
figured in the revolutionary war, wajs rai.sed in 1778 by
Colonel John Campbell, of Barbeck, and formed part of
the Nova Scotia command during the war, participating
in the brilliant operations in Maine. After the war the
regiment was disbanded at Stirling, Scotland.

The valuaWe .services of the Black Watch, Fraser's
Highlanders, Montgomerie's Highlanders, and the Royal
Highland Emigrants, encouraged the government to en-
list the services of additional Highland corps for per-
manent service, and accordingly .seven other Highland
regiments were soon raised— vi/,., the 71st in 1777; the
72nd or Duke of Albany's Own, in the same year; the
74th in 1787; the 78th, or Ross-shire Bufls, in 1793; the
79th, or Cameron Highlanders, in 1805; the 92nd or Gor-
don Highlanders in 1796; and the 93rd, or Sutherland
Highlanders, in 1800. At the time of the territorial re-
organization of regiments, the old numerical designations
were dropped and the battalions linked. Thus the new
Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) comprises the former
42nd and 73rd regiments, the Highland Light Infantry,
71st and 74th; the Seaforth Highlanders, 72nd and 78th;
the Gordon Highlanders, 75th and 92nd; Princess l/ouise's
(Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), 91st and 93rd; the
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, 79th.

Any reference to the .services rendered by Highland
soldiers in Canada neces.sitates the mention of the Glen-
garry Fencibles, who performed such consi)icuouslv bril-
liant service during the war of 181 2-14. Among the dis
tricts of Canada set apart by the government after tiie
revolutionary war as places of settlement for the United
Empire Loyalists, was the section comprising the present
Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. Most of

5th ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

89

the early settlers in this district were the members of
the Highland regiments raised in America and disbanded
after the conclusion of the war. A majority of these
Highlanders were the descendants of ^urdent Jacobites,
who, after the crushing disaster at Cullodcn, had been
transported to the plantations. The remainder v,»erc
men who had served in Fraser's and IMontgomerie'.s
Highlanders. After the Mother Country had recognized
the independance of her former colonies, these heroic
Highlanders fought their way in bands to the banks of
St. Lawrence, enduring every conceivable hardship from
hunger, thirst, exposure and fatigue, and with true Scot-
tish clanishness settled down together in the district men-
tioned. The colony of royalist Highlanders was soon re-
inforced by relatives of the settlers emigrating direct
from Scotland, and in course of time it was to receive a
further infusion of sterling Highland blood.

Between the years 1780 and 1790 consolidation of the
.small farms took place in the Highlands of Scotland to
a great extent, cau.sing incredible distress to the dis-
posessed tenants. Owing to the restrictions then impos-
ed upon emigration, the Keverand Alexander IMcDonnell,
a devoted Roman Catholic priest, obtained occupation
for the disposessed farmers, to the number of nearly a
thousand, in the m.jnufactories at Glasgow, accompany-
ing them himself as their chaplain and guide. Not long
after this, from the depressed state of trade, due to the
war, these men were thrown out of employment, and the
intensely loyal priest obtained permission from the King
to raise a Roman Catholic Highland regiment, to which
he was appointed chaplain. This was the first Roman
Catholic regiment rai.sed in Great Britain since the Re-
formation. In 1798, this regiment, known as the Glen-
garry Regiment, performed most efficient .service in
Ireland in connection with the suppression of the rebel-
lion. During the peace succeeding the treaty of Amiens
in 1802, the regiment was disbanded, and in 1803, the
devoted chaplain obtained for every officer and man of
the Glengarries, who chose to go to Canada, a grant of
200 acres of land. The reverand gentleman altogether
obtained patent deeds for 160,000 acres of land, most of
it in the vicinity of the early Highland settlements on
the shores of Lake St. Francis and the upper vSt. Lawr-
ence.

During the rebellion two regiments of Glengarry
Highlanders came to Montreal.

December 20, 1837, the Cornwall Ob.server recorded
the fact that four regiments of Glengarry Militia must-
ering about 2,000 strong, assembled at Lancaster for the
purpose of marching down to Montreal, under the com-
mand of Colonels D. McDonnell, Fraser, Chisholm and A.
McDonell. The field pieces belonging to the different re-
giments were mounted on strong sleighs, with horses,
and everything necessary for active service, which, with
the flags and martial music of the pipes, formed a most
interesting spectacle. It was intended that the troops
.should march on the 21st, but an express arrived from

Sir John Colborne containing an expression of his warm-
est thanks to the colonels of the different regiments for
their exertions and activity in this critical period, and
requesting them to inform the officers and men of the.se
brave Glengarry Regiments that in consequence of the
rebellion being put down he did not wish them to march
from their homes ji:st then.

During the anxiety preceding the second rebellion.
Sir John Colborne availed himself of the .services of two
of these battalions. In the winter and spring of 1838,
two battalions of Glengarry Highlanders came to this
I)rovince, one battalion, 500 strong under Lieut. -Colonel
Fraser, having been quartered for some time at St.
Philippe, Laprairie County, and the other under Mr.
Sheriff Macdonell, having been quartered in Napierville.
The first mentioned battalion marched through Montreal
en route for Glengarry, March 19th, and the other bat-
talion on May ist. The Highlanders as they marched
through Montreal to the martial music of the spirit-
stirring bag-pipe, created quite a .sensation.

Upon the actual outbreak of the second rebellion, in
the autumn of 1838, these two battalions of Glengarry
Highlanders, as well as a battalion of the Stormont Mili-
tia under Col. Aeneas McDonnell, was called out and
hurriedly marched to Beauharnois and Odelltown.

A fine militia regiment has always been maintained
in the Glengarry district; but not of a distinctively
Highland character. Just as this volume is about to go
to press, an active movement, owing its inspiration to a
visit paid to the coimty by the present General Officer
Commanding the Militia, the Erffl of Dundonald, himself
a true Highlander, is under way in Glengarry to secure
the establishment of two Highland companies. In view
of the ancestry of the Glengarians the ultimate success of
the movement cannot be doubted.

There are at present five regiments in the acti\e
Force described in the Militia List as Highlanders, name-
ly the 5th Regiment Royal Scots of Canada Highlanders,
Montreal, organized by G. ()., January 31st 1862, 48th
Regiment, " Highlanders, " Toronto organized by G. O.
October i6th, 1901 ; 78th Colchester, Hants and
Pictou Regiment, " Highlanders, " organized G. O.
April 6, 1871 ; 91st Highlanders, Hamilton, Ont., organ-
ized G. O. Sept., 1st, 1903 ; 94th Victoria Regiment Ar-
gyll Highlanders", Baddek, N.S., organized G, O., Ont.,
13, 1871.

Of these corps, apart from the 48th and the 91st, the
latter now in process of organization, none wear the
kilt; but they all wear diced bands round their forage
caps, and .several of them wear tartan trews.

The 15th Regiment, Argyll Light Infantry (Belleville,
Ont.), although not de.signated as Highlanders, wear the
checked band round their forage caps.

The distinctively Scottish regiments in the Canadian
Militia are all distinguished by that keen corps spirit
which has always been characteristic of the Highland regi-
ments of the Imperial .service, and which is the outgrowth

go

^fh ROYAL SCOTS OF CANADA

of the deeji-rooted racial pride, family attai-hnK'iit and
cherished clannishness of the Scottish race. Canada's
Scottish regiments maintain themselves in a high state
of efficiency, the officers and men of the corps having the
moral, and often the practical, backing of the whole
Scottish elements of their various districts. National
sentiment counts for much in military matters ; no less
in the efficient maintenance of organization and discipline
during the piping times of peace than during the stress
of war. There are those who consider it a mistake to
encourage any other national spirit in the Dominion
save that of a broad general Canadianism, and well
meaning men have expressed themselves oppo-sed to Irish
Canadians wearing the Shamrock on St. Patricks Day.
English Canadians the rose on St. Georges Day, Scot-
tish Canadians, the heather on St. Andrews Day, etc..
Such people regard the introduction of distinctivelv
Scottish, Irish, English or French Canadian regiments in

the Canadian Militia as a national mistake; but they
have the weight of history against them. Scotchmen es-
pecially pride them.selves upon the military prowess oi
their race and the fidelity and valor of the historical
Highlaiull Regiments of the regular service, and this very
pride combines with the martial instincts of the race to
assure the efficient maintenance of the Canadian High-
land regiments in times of peace and to guarantee that
these corps will not disgrace the vScottish name in the
face of the enemy.

The members of the 5th Royal Scots have a special
incentive to regimental devotion in the long and honor-
able career of the regiment— a career which has been
pursued in spite of many discouragements and many
setbacks, a career which has been honorable to a succes-
sion of officers, non-commis.sioned officers and men ancJ
which has been useful and advantageous to the Dominion.

^'^^^ifc^!^ — i^-

'■ PROPERLY AT EASE EVERY MAN." You will never
feel properly at ease, however, if you neglect your health.

J^bbeY's
Effervescent

Salt

WILL HELP YOU
TO KEEP IN
PROPER TRIM.

It is the IDEAL SALINE. There
is no more perfect Tonlc-Laxa-
tlve known

It invigorates the fagged-out
Stomach, causes healthy action
of the Liver and purifies the sys-
tem

A teaspoonful in a tumbler of
tepid water every morning.

Known now the world over.

OFFICES :
London, Eng., 144 Queen Victoria St.
New York, 15 Murray St.
Montreal, Can., 712^ Craig St.

THE ONLY SPECIALIST IN . .

Carpels

IN MONTREAL. IS PREPARED AT
ALL TIMES TO SHOW THE BEST
SELECTION AND LARGEST
RANGE OF DESIGNS AND COLOR-
INGS FROM THE WORLD'S
LARGEST MANUFACTURERS.
CHURCH. OFFICE AND INSTITU-
TION AND CLUB, CARPETS AND
RUGS BEING SPECIAL FEATURES
OF HIS LARGELY INCREASING
BUSINESS

EMPIRE BUILDING

24?4-24?6 ST. CATHERINE ST.

MONTREAL.

Anti/eptic
Throat Pastilles

(EVANS)

A Safe and Effective remedy for Hoarseness.

For VocaUsts, PubUc Speakers,
Orators and all who use their voice freely.

Beware of Imitations.

TKere is only ONE Antiseptic

TKroat Pastille

(EVANS)

For sale by all druggists.

Thomas Ligget

^

m

William Wray,

UNDERTAKER
8t EMBALMER

Ambulance Headquarters

ATTENDANCE AT ALL HOURS

2436 St. Catherine Street, MONTREAL
Bell Tel. Up 2667

^ff

I

i

BY ROYAL WARRANT
To His Majesty King Edward VII.

BY ROYAL WARRANT
To H. R. H. The Prince of Wales

BY ROYAL WARRANT
To Her Late Majesty Queen Victoria

"CANADIAN CLUB" Whisky
"IMPERIAL" Whisky

DISTILLED AND BOTTLED BY

Hiram Walker & Sons, Limited,

WALKERVILLE. Ontario.

LONDON. NEW YORK. CHICAGO.

MEXICO CITY. VICTORIA, B.C.

i

a.

"Vy

/J).

p/°^ CAN MAKt y

"?»'«

I," '

X^

'^'''Milsrodjomlos'"^'^^

<n.DANDU

MO

lOO Building
I^ots Free «• «-

One lot will be given Absolutely
Free for every block of ten lots
purchased by any one person ; in
other words, you pay for fen lots
and you get eleven

Automobiles and other vehicles to
show properties

Agents on properties every day
between 2 and 7 p.m. . . .

Do you want to make

= MONEY ? =

If so, B\iy Building' Lots in

ALEXANDRA PARK

ROSEMOUNT

FAIRMOUNT

!)•" Surrounding the great works of the C P. R., which will

employ 10,000 men

^r- The fact that we have sold over 1600 Building Lots
from April to December 1st, 1903, proves that the Montreal
public can appreciate a good investment when they see it.

>

U. H. DANDURAND.

Rooms : 7, 8. 9 <a lO "La Presse" Building, Montreal.

A

Colonization
J^ands

C For Cards, Pamphlets, Infor-
mations, &c., on Colonization
Land in the Province of Quebec,
please address to Colonization
Office : 1600 Notre Dame St.,
Montreal. C. The following
districts are now colonizing :
Gaspe, Metapedia, Lake St.
Jean, North of Montreal and
Lake Temiscamingue, where ex-
cellent farming land can be had
at 20 and 30 cents per acre.

A HORSE SHOD WITH

jYefcrsHp Shoes

WILL NEVER SLIP

Un

Cheval

Ferre

avec les

Fers

Neverslip

est svir

de ne

jamais

glisser.

LUDGER GRAVEL

AGENT

26 et 28 Place Jacques-Carlier,
Tel. Bell Main 641 MONTREAL

This
BanK
issues
little

Cl)e l^lontreal Cttp auD
Btstrut ^abmgs iSanfe.

(Established 1846)

Capital Subscribed, - $2,000,000.00
Capital Paid up, - - 6 00,000.00

Reserve Fund, - - 7 00,000.00

SIR WM. H. KINGSTON. M.D., President.
R. BELLEMARE, Vice-President. A. P. LESPERANCE. Manager.

Number of open accounts : 65289

Head Office s 176 St. James Street.

BRANCH OFFICES : 1 532 St. Catherine St.. East ; 2312 Notre
Dame St.. West : 656 Notre Dame St., Eist ; Corner Conde and Centre
Streets; 946 St. Denis, corner Rachel St. ; 2273 St. Catherine St.,
West, corner McGili College Avenue.

This is the only Bank incorporated under the Savings
Bank Act doing business in the City of Montreal. Its chief
object is to receive and to safely invest the savings, however
nnoderate, of the working and industrial classes.

Its Charter is so framed, as to afford all possible pro-
tection to depositors, and, having no bills in circulation,
depositors have the first claim on the funds of the Bank.

James Ballantyne

Hi^K Pressure Steam
Pumping' Eng'ines and Boiler
Connections,
Pumps, Condensers, etc.

Have recently fitted up such manufacturing concerns as
the Wire & Cable Co. ; J. Cooper Manufacturing Co. ;
Dominion Wire Rope Co. ; Tooke Bros. Shirt & Collar
Factory.

Low Pressure Steam Heating

in Various "Ways,

Overhead Single Pipe Gravity,

T-wo Pipe Gravity, Vacuum System.

(\Vebster or Paul Patent )

We have equipped the following buildings :— Chateau
Frontenac Extension, Paul System Vacuum : The Arena,
Paul System Vacuum ; H. J, Fisk & Company, Leather
Factory, Paul System Vacuum : Liverpool & London &
Globe, Office Building, Webster System Vacuum ; J. & T.
Bell's Boot & Shoe Factory, Webster System Vacuum ;
Royal Insurance Co's Office Building, Down feed 2 pipe
gravity ; C.P.R. Station. Ottawa, Down feed 2 pipe gravity :
Montreal Stock Exchange, Special System.

Satisfaction guaranteed in eitKer
of tHese systems.

159 St. Antoine Street, - Montreal

DO YOU USB

Starch ?

Only Filtered
Water used In
the Manufacture
of these
Standard Brands.

// you do, you should
See that your Grocer
gives you only . . .

Benson's

Forty Years on the
market, and still the
leader. ....

Benson's Prepared Corn for
Cooking Purposes

Edwardsburg Silver Gloss
Starch for Fine Laundry Work.

Benson's Enamel Starch (re-
quires no boiling) for finishing
Collars, Cuffs and Shirts. .

R. MONCEL,

£leetrieal
Contractor

^

All kinds of Electrical Construction and Repairs

Prompt Personal Attention

given to all orders.

'Phone Main 2969
NiB'ht 'PKone East 1049

140 St. Peter St., Montreal

CWttness BIocK)

SamuelTarrante

ROOMS :

Manicuring
Shampooing
Hair Dressing

TREATMENT:
Electrolysis
Face Massage
Chiropody

SPEC I A L TIES : Hair Goods, Manicure A rticles. Complexion
Goods. Toilet Articles.

2267 8t. Catherine St.,

Tel. Up 1471 MONTREAL

ALBERT E. TUDDENHAM

WARD ANDERSON

I

TUDDENHAM
&ANDER80^

M

ERCHANT 1 AILORS

T,

t

344 St. James St.,

'Phone Main 3979 MONTREAL

J. Marien,

^

£adies' and 6entlerr\en'5

HAIR

GOODS,

PERFUMERY

AND

TOILET

REQUISITES

OF

ALL

DESCRIPTIONS

1

2300-2302 St. Catherine St.,

Bell Tel, Up 1449 MONTREAL

Qulydat V ^i^Mk

Warehouses :

McGill.

You If i lie,

Normand,

and

Maisonneuue

Streets.

HAY, GRAIN AND
FEED MERCHANTS

Offices : 29 McGill St.. MONTREAL.

Bell Tel.. Cast 23-4

MercHants' Tel. 194-

G. REINHARDT (& SONS

LAGER BEER. ALE & PORTER. VIENNA LAGER.
529 City Hall Avenue. MONTREAL

WM. CLARK,

Canned

4»4»4»»|»»|.4» p\ eats J^

PacKer and
Preserver of

83 AMHERST ST..

MONTREAL, CAN.

BELL TELEPHONE EAST 1415

A. E. Clement,

IMPORTER AND
MANUFACTURER OF

Kats, Saps, & ?urs

FITTING OF GARMENTS GUARANTEED.

323 St. Lawrence Street, near Ontario Street,
MON-TREAU.

=^

J. P. A. desTrois Maisons
& Co.

IMPORTERS AND
MANUFACTURERS OF

Wholesale
Milinery

IMFORTATEURS ET
MANUFACTURIERS DE

Modes en
Gros

1813 & 1815 Notre Dame St., Montreal, Can.

J. & P. WILSON,

Wholesale and Hetail
Dealers in WOOD and
CO^L

CONSTANTLY ON HAND DRT KINDLING. CUT HARDWOOD AND
ALL KINDS OF COAL.

2570 St. Catherine St. Tel. Uptown 2703

MON-TREIAL.

=^

Montreal Carpet Beating Co.

639

Lagauchetiere

Street, Corner

Chenneville.

Largest and best
equipped Estal>-
lishment in the
City

Tel. Main 716 ^

5a.nde:ma.N'S

V. V

W^^WWWW^l^

GUARANTEED
SEVEN YEARS
IN WOOD. . .

lAN'S ^ . f

g— jcoTcn

FRANK UPTON,

MERCHANTS' LUNCH ROOM,

24 Hospital Street, Montreal

SOLE AGENT.

The Goodyear

Welt process is

the only one

which makes

boots absolutely

smooth, free

of tacks, lumps

and stitches

under the foot.

Because it is

^^ expensive it is

^r !■% ^% :^!\. largely iniitat-

■ i ■ ^» t^l ed ; and these

imitations are so
clever that they
deceive even
experts.

One cetain
■way to be sure
of getting only
Goodyear welt-
ed boots is to buy only the "Slater Shoe" because it is
only made by the Goodyear welt process.

The Slater Shoe

Bootmakers for Strathcona's Horse and all other Canadian
Contingents, S. A. Constabulary, and Canadian Militia Depart-
ment.

Ross & HOLGATE

Hydraulic

Power

and

Electric

Power

Transmission.

Railways

and

General

Construction.

Examinations

and

Reports.

Consulting
and

Supervising
Sngineers.

80 ST. FRANCOIS-XAVIER ST.,

MONTREAL,
CAN.

&^^,

'^■z:^

5^

5he
Ox|ord Cafe

We Cater to the Best
We Get and Give the Best
The Most Elegant
Restaurant in the
Dominion
Meals a la Carte

'5>hories

Up 2411
" 1327

''Let the

GOLD DUST TWINS
do your work

9f

*^'^*

THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY,

MONTREAL, Canada,

ABERDEEN
Granite and Marble Works.

F. HAWKINS, Proprietor.

Manufacturer and Importer in Foreign and Canadian Granites,

every description of Monumental and Cemetery

Work executed with satisfaction.

LETTERING A SPECIALTY.

112 & 114 Bleury St., MONTREAL

Fire Apprai&er.

Drainaoe and Sanitary Details Carefully Managed.
General Management of Property Undertaken.
Expert in Arbitration.

ERIC MANN,
Jlrchitect and Valuator

STANDARD LIFE CHAMBERS

ST. JAMEJ JTREET, MONTREAL
TELEPHONE : MAIN 2566, RESIDENCE : UP 254.

Milton L. Hersey, M. A. Sc.

(MCG I LLl

PROPRIETOR MONTREAL TESTING LABORATORY,
CHEMICAL ENGINEER.

.A-nalyses and Assays.

CITY ANALYST (Appointed for MontreaL)

PROVINCIAL ANALYST (Appointed by the Quebec Gov't.)

CONSULTING CHEMIST OF THE CAN. PAC. RY.

TelepHone Main 252

146 St. James Street,

MONTREAL

R. C. Jamieson & Co., Limited

IIIANUFACTUR£IIS OF

Fine VarnisKes
and Paints.

Successor to R. C. JAMIESON & Co. and THE Baylis Mfg. Co.

Office : 26 Nazareth St.,

MONTREAL

FACTORIES: 16 TO 32 NAZARETH ST.. 23 TO 29 ST. THOMAS St.
ESTABLISHED 1858

Chas. M. Alexander,

PROPRIETOR

j-xne

SonfeetiorierY

CAKES AND CANDIES. WEDDING CAKES A SPECIALTY.
DINING ROOM OPEN 7 A.M. TO 7 P.M.

2 1 9 St. James St., Montreal

ALEX. GRAVEL

Telephones, Up [ 32*4

GRAVEL FRERES,

Grocers and

Wine

MercHants

Cor. McGill College Ave. & St. Catherine St.,
MONTREAL

Cable Address : BRANDEIS-NONTREAL.
W. U Code Univ. Edition.

Long Distance 'Phone,
Main 3256

rltB T

It'St-

A. M. Amlr. Inst. E. E., a. m. Can. Soc. C. E.

Estimates, Plans and Supervi-
sion OF Hydraulic and Steam-
Electric LIGHT, Power and
RAILROAD Plants, Switchboard
DESIGNS. Complete Factory In-
stallation, Transmission Work,
Electrical Equipment of Mines
AND Electro-Chemical Plants,
&c. Specifica tions, reports
AND Valuations .

LIVERPOOL & LONDON & GLOBE BUILDING .-

James M. Aird,

MANUFACTURER OF

Bread, Cakes k Candies

RETAIL STORES :

Corner McCil! & Notre Dame St. 469' ■■ St. Lawrence St.
2721 St. Catherine St. 103 St. Urbain St.

XELEPKON ES :

Main 1025. Main 1340. East 488. Up 1 1 82

Factory and otfice :
99 & 108 St. Urbain St., MONTREAL. CANADA.

Robert Irwin,

ESTABLISHED 1835

Saddles,

Bridles.

Whips,

Horse

Clothing.

Harness,

Military

Equipments.

Etc.

f

Sstddlery

and

Harness

M antifactory

50 Beaver Hall Hill,

Montreal

F* Tremblay

J. O. Mathieu

F. Tremblay & Co.

£umber and Jirriber

AND MANUFACTURERS OF DOORS. SASHES AND BLINDS

MOULDINGS. &c. TURNING. SHAPING & JOINERS' WORK OF

EVERY DESCRIPTION.

400 William St., Montreal.

Tel. Bell Main 3826

Merchants' Tel. I33S

Smoke

THE UNION CIGARS

ElMira lOc.
El Reno 5c.
Gold Dtxst 5c.

MANUFACTURED BY THE

MONTREAL CIGAR COT

MONTREAL

J^ttJm' ^ (^0,

^Attttfarlurfr* of

5il51 C^ 3153 Ji'K l^aui Mred,
fMnnlvtful.

*

C. GRATTON & CO.

(H. FORTIER)

TELEPHONE
BELL, MAIN
2864 . . .
MERCHANTS
TEL. 481 . .

m.

IMPORTERS OF . .

Pipes, Cigars
and Xobacco.

r

269 St. Paul Street.

mONTREAL

Harris, Harkness & Co.

Cig^ar j^ j^ j£/
Manufacfiurers

'Van Home" "Colonel Steele"
and OtKer Brands.

234 St. Paul Street,

Montreal

Jas. F. StracH

"W. S. StracWan jas. r. atrachan

JAMES STRACHAN

Bakers to
Royalty

IW- Every variety of PLAIN and FANCY BREAD of best

quality supplied throughout the city and suburbs.

Sole manufacturers of the famous

PARISIAN BREAD.

246 AVE. HOTEL-DE-VILLE,- MONTREAL

TELEPHONE EAST ?i

The Lang Manufacturing
Company

rf)

%f^

.^^

MANUFACTURERS
OF ... .

Biscuits and
Confectionery

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
FOREIGN & DOMESTIC FRUITS.

230 St. Elizabeth Ave., St. Henri of Montreal.

8

I

^'BerlinerGraifeo-phone.

'^he BERLINBR

gram-o-phone:

is a musical instrument that plays any instrument and
sings or recites thousands of records Instrumental,
Vocal and Spoken, made especially for the Gram-o-
phone by famous bands, including Coldstream Guards, by great masters of the
piano and violin and by operatic stars. Everything that is best in music song and
story can be had for the Gram-o-phone. It is the only instrument of its kind
made in Canada and sold with a 5 years guarantee.

E. BERLINER, Montreal.

Tree List of Records on request.

AVrite for particulars of easy

payment plan.

EMANUEL BLOUT,

General Manager
for Canada.

9

Btlorme Brotfiets.

With commodious
salesrooms and of-
fices at No. 15 Debresoles Streets, the
firm of Delorme Brothers rank highly in
the mercantile community of the City of
Montreal. The partners are Charles
Emile Delorme and Gustave Delorme.
the business having been established
upwards of twenty years. An extensive
business is carried on in general hardware,
a specialty being made of carriage, sad-
dlery and builders' supplies. The firm
are the sole Canadian agents for many
large manufacturing concerns, including
Thos. Crosbee & Sons ; Job Wheway &
Son ; E. Jeffries & Sons : John Dews-
bury & Son ; Davis & Wilson ; Geo.
Nicklin & Son ; Imperial Bedstead Co.;
Manufacture Frangaise d'Armeset Cycles
de St-Etienne ; The Montreal Hardware
Manufacturing Co., Limited : and are also
agents for Eastern Canada for the follow-
ing firms : The Cleveland Hardware Co.:
London Bolt and Hinge Works ; Brant-
ford Screw Co. ; E. H. Phelps & Co. :
Guelph Axle Manufacturing Co. ; Guelph
Carriage Top and Hardware Co. ; A. B.
Jardine & Co. ; James Warnock & Co.,
and Victor Lemieux. The business con-
ducted by the firm of Delorme Brothers
is^continuously increasing and expanding.

D. G. Loomis & S

ons

Qeqeral *^ *^
Qoniraciors

57 St. James Street, MONTREAL.
Telephone Main 1935

Mm~ M>mokc "3Ia jrortuna"

Goulet Bros.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Fine Cigars & Importers
of Leaf Tobaccos

Sole proprietors
of the celebrated
LA FORTUNA
and ARTISTE
BRANDS. . .

OFFICE, WAREROOMS AND FACTORY -.

174, 176, 178, 180 Citp IfaW 9lbcmic,

MONTR E:A L

J. B. & N. BOURASSA,

ALWAYS

ON

HAND

SALTED

BEEF

AND

TONGUES

TELEPHONE
691

ButcKers.

Messrs. J. B. & N. Bourassa. will always
furnish to their many Customers the
best MEAT that can possibly be found
in the Market. Delivered at residence.

STALLS Nos. 43 & 45
BONSECOURS MARKET, MONTREAL.

E. J. STUART

TELEPHONE EAST JOS

Stuart & Herbert

BAKERS OF

5Plain and Sxincy Spread

CAKES OF ALL KINDS, PIES AND BREAD.
CA TERERS

6 1 1 Rivard Street,

Montreal

L. Cohen & Son,

ANTHRACITE and
BITUMINOUS. . . .

Coal

COALS : Cape Breton and Scotch Steam
Coal, American and Welsh. Anthracite and
Smiths Coal. Foundry Supplies: Lehigh
Coal. Coke, Moulding Sand, Plumbago
Facings, Stove Polish, &c. Dry Cut Wood
and Charcoal.

TELEPHONES MAIN 881 and MAIN 882

36 Prince Street,

MONTREAL

Canada Steam Laundry
& Dye Works

A. F. DECHAUX, Prop.

Successor to
J. LANGHOFF

LAUNDRY

DYEING

CLEANING

Branch : East, 1490 St. Catherine St.

Head Office: 1870 St. Catherine St.,

Telephone East 51. MONTREAL.

J. EVELEIOH & COT

Drunk S Siag

MANUFACTURERS
EVERYTHING IN THE WJtY OF BJtGGJtGE

245 ST. JAMES ST., MONTREAL

D. W. OGILVIE

E. C. SHORT

N. C. OGILVIE

D. W. Ogilvie & Co.

J^eal -Cstate, Jnsurance
and 3nvestmerit |i

ESTATES MANAGED. RENTS COLLECTED

AND INSURANCE PLACED WITH

LEADING COMPANIES.

I 1 St. Sacrament Street, Tel. Main 3113

MONTREAL

BELL TEL. EAST 1969

Canadian

MERCHANTS' 620

Specialty :
Steel Ranges.

foundry

. Jtll kinds °f ^"stirigs made to order.

Store; 1544 St. Catherine Street, MONTREAL

Works : Corner Carriere Street and Canadian Pacific Railway.
MERCHANTS' TEL. 1951

J. RHEAUME,
proprietor.

(Srand Union
Kotel

W

F. J. MURRAY,

Proprietor.

0. ELLIS.

Manager.

1912 & 1914
yCoixQ ^fam.Q. Street, - - JYtontreal

RATES : $2.00 per day.
FREE bus to and from all depots.

HILL, THOMSON & CO.

'Sdiijburffh

Scofc/j Whisky

^lenders

ASK

FOR

TWO

STAR

WHEREVER YOU GO.

AND

BE

SURE

YOU

GET

IT.

SOLE AGENTS

Robert Dalgiish & Co.

82 St. Franc^ois-Xavier St., Montreal

ELECTRICAL

CONSTRUCTION AND

ENGINEERING

tautjarli Construction
Companp

DESIGNERS

AND

BUILDERS

ELECTRIC LIGHT

AND

POWER PLANTS

1 7 place D'armcjs
iHontreal.

T. A. Morrison
&Co.

Contractor's

53lant.

iiultiing»

anti iEining
Supplies.

Contractors' Complete
Stone Crushing Plants,
Empire Rock Drills,
Hoisting Engines,
Steam Shovels.
Steam Dredges.
Light Rails,
Locomotives. Scrapers,
Concrete Mixers,
Dump Cars,
Saw Mill and Pulp
Machinery.
Steam Road Rollers.
Boilers and Engines.
High-Speed Engines,
Traction Engines.
Gasoline Engines,
Pressed Bricks,
Sandstone. Limestone,
Concrete Stone. Cement.

Roman Manufactured
Building Stone and
Ornamental Terra Cotta,
in all Colors, for Exterior
and Interior use.

Desirable Second-hand
Contractors' Plant and
Machinery Bought, Sold
and Rented.

MECHANICS' INSTITUTE BUILDING

204 ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL

'PHONE MAIN 4532

Q

ueen's ^otel

JYtontreal

Only
Fireproof
Hotel
in tHe
City.

;

FUCHS & RAYMOND,
PROPRIETORS

La Champagne Cigar

Private Brands
to Order.

CHAPUT & CO. Telephone:

- Main 2156

448 St. James Street, MONTREAL

R. CHARLEBOIS

Merchant
Tailor

irsi NOTRE DAME ST., MONTREAL

TELEPHONE 1934 MAIN

:#

A.

MICHAELS,

General Tobacconist

2i9M<:G1LLSTREET,
1841 & 1843 NOTRE DAMb STREET

MONTREAL

J/iehille's

7{esiaurani

Notre
Dame
Street
Montreal

GORDON A. MELVILLE,
PROPRIETOR

3<. £. jYcorris,

IMPORTER OF

Xavana Cigars, 7ipes
and Smokers Goods.

208 St. James Street,

MONTREAL

Telephone Main 4SSJ

N. HADD,

MANUFACTURER OF

High

Grade

Cigars.

lis St. Fran^ois'Xaoier St.
Montreal

cC. jI. J^apointe,

SECRETARY LiCENSED
VICTUALERS ASSOCIA TION

66 St. ^ames Street, JYContreal

Y

HENRY SIMPSON & CO

(Purveyors to the House of Lords)

Glasgow & London

Simpson s Scotch

SAME AS SUPPLIED TO
THE HOUSE OF LORDS

SOLE AGENTS FOR CANADA AND
THE UNITED STA TES

M. NEWKAMP & CO.,

MONTREAL

MONNET'S SALAMANDER BRANDIES

J. 0. MONNET & Co.

Salamander
Cognac Brandies

Societe en commandite au CAPITAL de 4,000,000 de FRANCS

SHIPPERS OF HIGH
CLASS BRANDIES ^

AGENTS FOR CANADA

H. NEWKAMP & CO.,

MONTREAL

Packard's
^Special
vSHoe
Dressings

Soften tKe LeatHer.

Leng'tKen tHe "Wear of tKe

SKoe.

For BlacK Box Galf,
Flid, Etc., use

Box Calf Combination.

Patent Lea Cream

for Patent LeatKer Shoes
Keep LeatKer from CracKing.

WHITE'O"

for all -wKite
C ANV A S
GOODS as
Helmets,
Spats, Etc.

FINE SHEFFIELD

CUTLERY.

Imported Direct from Best English Cutlers.
A saving of 25 p.c. to the Consumer.

Dinner Knives and Forks, . .
Carving Sets, Blades Silver Steel,
Fruit Knives Best Silver Plate .
Scissors, Best Wardlov/'s Steel .
Penknives, all latest designs

$1.50 to $10.50 doz.
. $1.00 to $15.00 set.

$2.50 to $3.50 doz.
. 50cts to $8.50 pair

40cts to $3.50 ea.

Razors, spcially made for 'hard beards" $1.00 to $2.00 ea
Nickel and Silver Forks and Spoons, Kitchen Knives,
Table Steels, etc., in endless variety. The lovi^est price and
satisfaction guaranteed.

L. J. A. 6URVEYER,

HARDWARE IMPORTER

6 St. Lawrence Main St.,

The Sovereign Bank
of Canada.

H. S. Holt, - - President.
D. M. Stewart, - Gen. Man.

€)ffice!2i in Montreal :
202 ^t. %anm ^t,
Corner ^t. ptttv ^t
2608 ^t. Catljerine
^t.. Corner (Su^ ^t.

Accounts of CORPORATIONS, FIRMS and INDIVIDUALS

invited on the most liberal terms consistent

with conservative Banking.

SAVINGS DEPARTMENT.

Two doors from Craig St.

Montreal.

Long distance Tel. Main 1914.

Corsets

Have obtained the
Highest Awards at
all Leading Exhibi-
tions within the last
20 years

They have no Ri-
vals on the market
for

Fit.

Comfort
and
Durability.

^^Q^^R^%^Q^^%%^Q^^f«^#^Q^#^Q^^Qr^Q^^Q^^Qf#^JV^%^Q^^Q^^^

^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^

Alex. McKay.

m

O manufacturer in his special line of
the iron industry ranlis higher than
Alex. McKay as a practical boiler
maker and general blacksmith. His
office and works are situated at
536 to 546 DeMontigny Street,
Montreal, and here he manufactures
high pressure marine locomotive
and stationery boilers in all styles,
one of his most recent and modern improved
being the tapered shell, upright submerged
tube boiler, as shown in the accompanying cut.
Among his other products may be enumerated
tanks of all sizes and descriptions — large
tanks for storing oil and for grain elevators,
steel pipes for water, smoke and air purposes
of any size and shape, flumes, gasometers,
clam shell buckets, tubs, etc., for handling
coal, ore or earth, and kettles for roofers

and asphalt pavers

C Alex. McKay has recently perfected a
machine for making boiler tube retarders, and
now manufactures them in all sizes at low
prices. They are especially advantageous to
those who have strong drafts under their
boilers. Specialties are made of gold dredging
machinery, screens, sluice boxes, hog singeing
chains for abattoirs, and breeching pipes for
plants being fitted with induced draft. Mr.
McKay deals largely in new and second-hand
boilers and tanks, and undertakes contracts for
ship and boiler repairing and heavy and light
forging

%4^{|5v%45v%J^%J|jvJ{jv45v4}.^J^jv4jvJ(5\J{j\J|jvJ^J^JJjv^

B. F. STEBEN,

General Life Insurance
fluency

Representing The Great International Life Insurance
Company, "The New York Life." Over 12 years'
experience in the theory and practice of life insurance.
Your patronage invited.

Offices : Liverpool & London &
Globe Building.

HUMES HALL,

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

^^'S"

Bonds, Bank Stocks,

Trust Company Stocks,
Unlisted Industrials.

57 Canada Life Building, MONTREAL

Telegraphic Address :
"SPERNET" Montreal.

A. B. C. Code
5th Edition.

D. W. & A. E. Brunet,

T)ebeniures

Qovernirjeni,

Telephone MAIN 2313

New York Life Building, 1 1 Place d'Armes,
Montreal, Canada.

Morris Brothers & Chnstensen

Bonds

^^^ ^^

Montreal Office : Guardian Building
W. C. JENKIN, Manager.

#

Ivondon

Mutual

Fire

Insurance

Co. of

Canada.

HENRY BLACHFORD

General Agent

180 St. James St.

montreal

0. A. FORBES,

Financial and Investment Agent
and Mining Broker

Rooms 66 and 67 Guardian Building,
MONTREAL.

Tlnion Jlssurance

[Insiituiedin
the Reign of
Queen Ann,
A.D. 1714.)

One of the
oldest and
strongest of
Fire Offices.

Society

O F LO N D O N .

('a|iit.')l niiil

AminiiiL'ilcil

Fluids cvctM'il

$2(),00«JI(K)

Canada Brancfi : 260 St. James St.

T. L. MORRISEY, Manager. MONTREAL.

Credit Foncier F.-C.

Mortgage and
Call Loans. .£^
BONDS and
DEBENTURES
BOUGHT. GT

30 St. James Street, MontreaL

JAoriot\, phi! lips
<$ Co.

STATIONERS.

BLANK BOOK MAKERS

and PRINTERS

755 & 1 757 Notre Dame St., MONTREAL

#

FREDERICK G. TODD,
JLanD0capc arcl)itect

FORMERLY WITH OLMSTED BROTHERS,
BOSTON, MASS.

Temple Building, Tel. Main 3836

MONTREIAL

National Pharmacy

E. GIROUX. JR.

21G St. Lawrence flain St.

Telephone nuilA 2625 MONTREAL

ESTABLISHED \86z

VIAU & FRERE,

MANUFACTURERS OF

Biscuits and
Cor\fe<5tioiiery

1288 TO 1296 NOTRE DAME STREET,

MONTREAL

New

Prismatic

Glasses

at

Harrison

&Co.

53 Metcalfe;St.^°tr.e^,"""

%

ESTABLISHED 1830

BELL TEL., MAIN 1382

The A. C. Lariviere Co.

Carriage & Sleigh
guilders

7 1 , 73, 75 St. Antoine Street, MONTREAL.

Patents j0 .0
Trade MarRs
A.11 Contries

Fcthcrstonhaugh & Co.

Solicitors and
Experts J^ j0

Canada Life Building, MONTREAL.

Jerrapin Sctfe

1681 NOTRE DAME STREET
T. J. McCarthy, Prop. Established 1861

Jlevere Safe

177 Bleury Street, corner St. Catherine Street
MONTREAL

TT)t C^<<«t CoJ'

me- Lunches at all times.
Oysters, Lobsters and other
delicacies in season.
Imported German Lagers,
Rochfort Cheese.

1992 St. Catherine Street, MONTREAL.

CJtMBRIDGE HOUSE.

J. SCHNEIDER,

P ROP Rl EXOR

GERMJtN CJtFE. Jtgent for
the Genuine Muenchener
Lotvenbrau, Frankfurters
^Sauerkraut, a Specialty.

485 St. Lawrence St.,

Bell Telephone E. 631 MONTREAL.

Hotel
Grand
Cafe
Parisien

!899 St. Catherine St.
MONTREAL

JOS. GRAVEL,
Proprietor.

TelepKone Bell
Cast 1139

Piiuate Entrances :
1 79 St. Dominique

and

188 7 St. Catherine

Streets.

Open all night.
Meals to order.
Moderate Prices.
French Cook.

Dinner served at pri-
vate residences in
15 minutes'
notice.

^u^^nZ^^^

Laaauclieiiere

Slreei,

M'onkeal.

Octave F. Leblanc

J. Emiie Theberge

cCeblanc & DTieberge

Oriental Hotel and Cafe

Private entrance : 1 79 St. Charles-Borromee St.
Telephone East 1253

1929 St. Catherine St., MONTREAL

Wavertree
7(esfcturaijf

Telephone :
3376 Main.

C. R. Willis
Proprietor.

CHOICE WINES, LIQUORS
AND CIGARS.

1 839 Notre Dame Street, - Montreal.

"Anderson's"

Choice Wines,
Liquors,
Cigars, SrC

Mrs. Anderson,
Proprietor.

Corner Congregation & Favard,

MONTREAL.

HOWARD & GUILE
Proprietors

VICTORIA STREET

1 Savoy SCotel 1

Entirely on the Eu-
ropean Pian. Every

thing New and First
Class. Rates for
rooms $1 .00 a day

and upwards.

Ladies' Restaurant, Gentlemen's
Cafe and Private Dining Rooms.

MONTREAL

John D. Duncan Co.

7ure JVCilk and Srcam
a 5pseioltY.

66 Drummond Street,
Telephone Up 1 3 1 8 MONTREAL

WM. J
& CO.

O'LEARY

Telephones ;

Main 4SS9
IVestmount 703

Electrical
Engineers
and
Contractors

748 Craig St., Montreal

Geo. Barrat & Son

DEALERS IN

Photographic Supplies

Optieians

146 Peel Street, Bell Tel. Up 964

MONTREAL

Wm. Hood & Son,

Bell

Tel.

Up

2538

Builders

and

Contractors

1 0 Richmond Square

MONTREAL

Renaud, King
and Patterson

Cor. St. Catherine & Guy Sts.
Montreal, Can. Tel. Main 757

High

C/ass

Furniture

and

Bedding

Tin/on SfCutual
jOife insurance Company

WALTER I. JOSEPH, Manager.

JYContreal

iWontreal Crust
ant Bepostt Co-

1

1

ROYAL INSURANCE BUILDING

^Iflce O'^rmc?, Sti^ontrcaL

%\)t iiEontreal iSretomg
.. Company

mrm

BREWERS & MALTSTERS

III III

1334 &. 1336 0ottt 2Damc M. d

10 «S 20 Safquc? Carrticr ^t., ;j¥lontrcnl

P. A. MILLOY,

MANUFACTURER OF ALL

QfAduA. 'y(aUA^.

STOME GINGER BEER
Jt SPECIMLTY.

119 c& 12 1 ST. ANDRE ST.

TELEPHONE EAST 3?8 MONTREAL

parling k Jrady,

MANUFACTURERS OF

pine Xaundry, Chip, jYtiU & 5°/* 5o2PS>
Concenlraled <£ye, ^rol^en Caustic, €lc.

Rear 96 St. Charles Borromee St.,

Bell Telephone Main 1383 MONTREAL

Jyforjumenfs

The Smith Bros. Granite Co.

290 Bleury Street, Montreal

Shoulc
of one
your
comm
us. W
in all
Countr
tee sa

you be in need
, it will be to

advantage to
jnicate with
fe erect them

parts of the
y and guaran-

isfaction. . .

Quarry Owners and Granite Merchants.

Works at Barre, Vt., Aberdeen, Scotland,

and Montreal, Que.

•- ^-. "

A. & L. Strachan,

gakerj

HIGH GRADE PLAIN AND FANCY BREAD DELIVERED
TO ALL PARTS OF THE CITY.

75 Cadieux Street,
Bell Tel. East 5 1 2 MONTREAL

p. O. Bojr 457

Tel. Main 2SOO

F. & J. Granda,

MANUFACTURERS
OF . . .

CLEAIi

HAVANA

CIGAHS

%

DEALERS AND
DIRECT IMmRTERS OF

HAVANA

LEAF

TOBACCO

34 St. Peter Street,

Montreal

27 Years Experience. 'Phone Main 558

S^arsalou s
Si^odel Cash JCaundry

589 Dorchester St.,

MONTREAL

MJiURICE BJtRSJlLOU, Proprietor.

THOMAS HANLEY

Cooper

■Wine,

Brandy

and

Gin CasRs

of all

Sizes

al-ways

on hand.

142 to I 46 Prince St.,

Bell Telephone Main 2062 MONTREAL

CANADA

^iSr

' MEMORY OF

TpR.H.J.SPROliLE
S. A.C.

KILLED IN ACTION

IJTH JULY 1801

ACCO (8.

The above represents^me of the Memorials forwarded to South Africa, to

be erected on the graves of those Canadians who

died on the field during- the late war.

J. BRUNET, Contractor

for every description of GRANITE WORK.

I*roprictor of the celebrated "Laurentian Pink Granitk Qiarriks."

Spkciai.ty : Building- and Monumental Work.

Office and ^A^orks : Cote-des-Neiges, Montreal.
BeU TelepKone : Up 1466 <^TS^Xe^u"

Guy Street Cars will bring- the customers o minutes walk from the works.

JOHN QUINLAN
&C0.

General Contractors
and Builders.

OFFICE AND WORKSHOP :

5 METCALFE STREET,

TELEPHONE: UP 1312

MADAME MARIE

2381

St. Catherine Street,
MontreaL

I I I

Removes Small-Pox Pifiings, Lines.
Wrinkles and all otker facial tlemisKes. Electricine,
the wonderiul preparation for the face, prevents
Lines ana Wrinkles if used in time and makes the
skin clear and soft as a bahys. A full line of
Madame Mane s preparations are al-ways on hand.
Ask your friends ahout it, they kno-w, if you don t.
Electio Vacuum Massage, the only sure treatment
for Pimples, Eczema, etc., and builds up the slackened
muscles and contour of the face and iills up hoLlo\v

places.

$1.00 a treatment.

Cable address "Hemmmgus"
Montreal.

Bell Xelephone,
Main 384.

Ilie Hemming Manuf'g Co.
Silversmitlis and Enamellers.

Manufacturers of

Souvenir Jewelry in
Gold, Silver and Plate.
Secret Society Emblems.
Presentation Jewels.
Military, ScKool and
College Pins.
Sporting Medals.
Presentation Swords.
Historical Medals.
The Highest Quality
of Enamel nV ork.
Prices that will compete
■with the world.

125 VITRE STREET,

Montreal, Canada.

^0"

stiiiweirs

Cemperance
Rou$e

I

Furnisnea Rooms.

Meals
AlM^ays Ready.

Open all nignt.

Single Meal 15c.
7 Meals for $1.00

21 " " $2.75

35 " " $4.50

100 " " $12.00

CHAS. A. McKINNON,

Manager.

711 and 71$ Craig Street,

^

If

montreal.

^

.£9

ENGLISH

OWN MA.KC

BRIAR
PIPES
ARE
THE
BEST !

Mr. Z. DAVIS

Manufacturer of Leopold Cigar par excellence
for lOcts, and also tKe Hockey Cigar for 5cts,
all Clear Havana Filler

85 ST. JAMES ST., MONTREAL.

Granda Hermanos Y Ca.

IMPORTERS OF

Havana Leaf Tobacco
^^

Office : 38 St. Peter St., MONTREAL

Factory : 54-60 Foundling St.,

Cor. St. Peter St.

Our Registered Brands are "Grandas ' "Manana" "El Imperio"
Manufacturers of Havana Cigars Exclusively.

^ FINE, VERY FINEr

IS tne unanimous verdict
or tnose wno nave smoked
tte

^Jj^anha^

tan

Makers :

ike Nortn American Cigar
Company, Montreal.

J. LEVI,

¥

DEALER IN

Fine Havana

Cigars and

Egyptian

Cigarettes.

Tobacco

Specialist

1738 Notre Dame Street, MONTREAL

S^IOKE

^^ UNION
^^* M/IDE.

233 Logan St., - Montreal.

Ca Sorona
Kotel ^"^^^"^"^"^

Cable Address : "CORONA"

West End '*Hotel de Luxe"
European Plan.

RATES :
Rooms without Bath $1.00 to $1.50
Rooms with Bath - $2.00 to $2.50

The only European Plan
Hotel in Montreal. Every
appointment of the high-
est class. Telephone In
each room. Elegant
suites, porcelain baths,
large airy rooms. 1 5
private dining rooms.
The finest public dining
room outside of New
York.Cuisineof thehigh-
est class. Service unsur-
passed.Car serviceevery
half minute. 5 minutes
ride from C. P. R. and
G.T.R. depots no trans-
fers. First class theatre
adjoining Hotel. . . .

Uptown 3191

^ellevue Cafe

N. GRAVEL. Prop.
Late of the Board of
Trade

Corner Metcalfe and St. Catherine Streets,
MONTREAL.

R. S. AULD,

Jiakr

^lain anti f ancp 25rcati anb
€onfrctioncrp. ^^=

557 St. Antoine St., Westmount

Bell Tel. Mount 13. Montreal.

\\i fwi « w II n n n /I J.

!""""" <J n n

--'%■■

R

iendeau

^ HOTEL ^-

The Most Centrally Situated
Hotel in Town

Rates : $2.00 to $3.00 per day. Electric

Cars running close to the Hotel and

transfer to any part of the City.

58-60 Jacques Cartier Square

Opposite the City Hall

Shaw T. Nishimura,

3mporter
and

(Eon\missioT\
JYterehont

AGENT :
Japan Tea Exporting Co.
Toyo Tea Trading Co.
Fuji Company.
Y. Nakamura & Co.
Tokai Tea Trading Co.
FujiyedaTeaTradingCo.

Telephone Main 4142
22 St. John and 40 Hospital Streets, Montreal.

PURITY OUR MOTTO.

ALEXANDER SCOTT

Caterer Sr Confectioner

Ice Creams, IVaier Ices,
Fine Bon Sons and Fancy Cakes.

247 \ St. Catherine St., Bell Telephone 4228,
MONTREAL.

.^S

^^yY

Sl,<^C^WSOYEARS
THE MANMRD^./'ND st.ll

iWORMOUSLY THE JAROEST Sale

ti ^ i\ A n r, n n n n

n II » i\n r. /\ n /■, n nil nC

For PICTURES and FRAMING patronize

Geo. R. Heasley,

2087 St. Catherine Street
near Bleury Street.

I*~ You can depend upon good treatment
in every way.

W. J. PEARSON, „.

..-"^i

Deale

High
Class
Horses
of all
Grades

R.epository and Office :

147-151 Panet Street,

Snow Ring :

140-142 Plessis Street,

MONTREAL.

'Phone Main 1 18

Kingston House

JA8. LOWRY, Proprietor, late of Grand Union Hotel.

EUROPEAN PLAN

691-693 Craig Street,

MONTREAL.

\ tan ley ^^oteL

EUROPEAN PLAN.

Corner WINDSOR & OSBORNE STS.

Opposite Dominion Square & G. P. Ry Depot.
A. BELIVEAU. MONTREAL.

PATRONIZE..

"The Yukon"

Fine Wines, Whiskies
and Cigars. All the
good Scotch Brands.

E. QUINTIN, Proprietor
63 Bleury Street, - Montreal.

T. W. Foster & Co.

Private sales at all times.
Will pay the Highest Market
Price for Choice Horses
suitable for English and
American Markets. Special
Rates for Large Consign-
ments, advances made on
Consignments. 24 hours
given on alt Horses Guar-
anteed

=®=

AUCTION
SALES ^

Every day at 2.30 p.m.

w

597 to 605 St. Paul St.,

Telephones Main 3265-4136 MONTREAL

SCOTS are welcome at

Wurands

LOUIS DURAND. Proprietor
The Old Acrobat

1 872 St. Catherine St., Montreal

Opposite Theatre Fran<;als Tel. East 2037

Telephone Up 669

The Guaranteed Pure |

Milk Co.

I 2685 St. Catherine Street, - Montreal. I

"Le Canada"

DAILY &
WEEKLY.

The Largest Circulation of all morning papers.
The best French Paper In Canada.

Official Organ of the Dominion and
Local Governments in the Province of
Quebec. Printed and Edited by THB
CANADA PUBLISHING CO., LIMITED.
Hon. Senator F. L. Beique, President.
GoDFROY Langlois, Managing Director.

REPRESENTATIVES: Albert E.
Hasbrook. 9 1 Times Building, New
York. E. L. Ruddy, Confederation Life
Building, Toronto.

73 & 75 St. James Street, MONTREAL.

^=

Telephone Main 350

C he Siraijd Cafe

E. H. BARNFIELD, Prop.

1797

Notre Dame
Montreal.

Street,

Quick Lunch.

'Phone Main 2493.

Cecil Cafe

WILSON SMITH.
Proprietor.

127, 129 & 131 McGILL STREET,
MONTREAL.

Neptune Cafe

strictly Case Goods.
Choice Liquors
and
Cigars.

Joe Payette,
Proprietor.

2 1 5 Commissioners Street,

MONTRBAL.

Jtt the

BlacK Cat

WILFRID CORBEIU, PROP.

Choice Wine, Liquors & Cigars

Corner Craig and
Cote St. Lambert,

Bell Telephone Main 1859

MONTREAL.

®=

JAMES HARPER

PorK PacKer ai\cl Ctxrex* of Su££ar
Cured Hams and Bacon. Pure
PorK Sausages and I^ard. .& .&
For sale at all first class Orocers
and Butchers. j^ j^ ^ ^^ ^^

RETAIL TELEPHONE, EAST 122

OFFICE TELEPHONES, MAIN 3?13 & 3?14

MERCHANTS' TELEPHONE. 8?4

Office and AVareHouse :

18 St. PHilip Street. R.etail : 24. 25,

26, 27 St. La-wrence MarKet.

ALL ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.

The Montreal Pasteurized

Milk Co.

Fresh "Butter with or without salt.
Sweet Cream, Sutter Milk.

Rear 377a Lagauchetiere St., Montreal.
Bell Tel. East 1618 Merchants' Tel. 838

p. O. Box 932

Telephones : Main 3390, Westmount 345

H. L. Putnam,

lieal Estate,

Mortgage Loans,

Valuations.

Office : Fir^ floor Temple Building, Montreal.

The Royal Trust Co.

Capital Subscribed, $1,000,000. Paid Up, $500,000.
Reserve Fund, $350,000.

President: Right Hon. Lord Strathconaand Mount Royal.
G.C.M.G. Vice-President: Hon. George A. Drummond.
Directors : R. B. Angus, A. Macnider, E. S. Clouston, H.
V. Meredith, E. B. Greenshields, A. T. Paterson, C. M.
Hays, R. G. Reid, C. R. Hosmer, James Ross, Sir W. C.
Macdonald, Sir T. G. Shaughnessay, Hon. R. Mackay, Sir
W. G. Van Home, K.C.M G.

Montreal Office & Safety Deposit Vaults :
Bank of Montreal Building, 109 St. James Street.

Branch Offices at Quebec, St. John, N.B.,
and Winnipeg.

H. ROBERTSON, Manager.

^

Clje ©ntarto iSanfe

HEAD OFFICE, TORONTO.

Capital authorized,
Rest ....

$1,500,000.00
500,000.00

DIRECTORS :
G. R. R. Cockburn, Esq., President.
Donald Mackay. Esq., Vice-President.
T. Walmsley, Esq. R. D. Perry, Esq.
Hon. R. Harcourt. A. S. Irving. Esq.

R. Grass, Esq.
Charles McGill, - General Manager.

Montreal Branch : 1 07 St. James Street

R. N. KING, Manager.

G. A. Savage, C.A., F.C A., (Can). A. K. Fisk, C.A., F.C.A., (Can)

Savage & S^isk,

CKartered
Accountants

Coristine Building, MONTREAL

TELEPHONE MAIN 3027

TRUSTS MANAGED, ESTATES ADMINISTERED.

SPECIAL : — Incorporation. Amalgamation, Audit and Liquidation of
Companies. Installation and Supervision of Manufacturers' Costs.

Eugene Lafleur, t^.C. Gordon IV. M acdougait.

Lawrence Macfarlane.

Lafleur, Macdougall and
Macfarlane,

Advocates, Barristers, Src.

Cable address : "FLEURALL"
New York Life Building, - Montreal.

National Trust Co., Limited

TRUSTEE, EXECUTOR. ADMINISTRATOR
AND FINANCIAL AGENT

Capital Paid Up, $1,000,000.00
Reserve, - - $320,000.00

MONTREAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS :
JAMES CRATHERN, Esq., Director The Canadian Banlc of Commerce.
H. S. HOLT. Esq., President Ttie Sovereign Banicof Canada.
H. MARKLAND MOLSON, Esq., Director Tlie Molsons Banlc.
A. C. ROSS, Manager.

OFFICES AND SAFETY DEPOSIT VAULTS :

National Trust Building, 1 53 St. James St.,

MONTREAL

Thos. Oauthier

ACCOUNTANT. COMMISSIONER
and INSURANCE BROKER

1&

145 ST. JAMES ST.,

TELEPHONE 2064 MONTREAL

ARTHUR GAGNON,

Manager Estate

Hon. Jean L. Beaudry.

L. A. CARON,
Auditor Town of Maisonneuve
and of La Chambre de
Commerce du Dist. de Montreal.

GAGNON & CARON,

Jiccountants,

Curators, Liquidators and

Commissioners, S. C.

Rooms 41 & 42 Bell Tel. Main 81

MONTREAL STREET RAILWAY
BUILDING.

Edmond Boucher

Harry Roftey

w

w

w

BOUCHER &> ROFFEY

Zaiiors

St. Peter ^ Notre Dame St.
MONTREAL.

Telephone Main 1548

Made in Canada and Shipped to all parts of the World.

Mica ^ ^
Covering

f-or Locomotive,
Marine and Sta-
tionary Boilers,
Steam, Hot and
Cold Water Pipes
and Kitchen Boil-
ers, Cold Storage
Plants

Highest Nan- Conductor in the World.

MICA BOILER COVERING CO., Limited.
86-92 Ann Street, Montreal, Can.

Contractors to the British Admiralty and War Office

Wallace C. Johnson,

Consulting
Engineer

Bank of Ottawa Building,

MONTREAL.

EVANS BROTHERS,

Wholesale and Retail
Coal Merchants ....

D. L. y W. R. R. COS.

CCRANTON

Telephone Main 758
AH Kinds of Coal
delivered

250 St. James Street, near

Victoria Square,

MONTREAL.

Richards ^ Sons

iiEerrijant Catlors

252 ST. JAMES ST.
MONTREAL.

^gcittjs for f^t^^i^, l^otijeion & ^0110,
Sl^iUtarp €)utftttcri6f, llonDon, €ngianD.

The Canadian Rubber
Co. of Montreal.

Cable address :
RUBANDER

Comer Notre Dame & Papineau Ave.

Branches : Toronto, Winnipeg
and Vancouver.

L. C. DeTonnancour

High
Class
Tailor

30 Years in
BUSINESS

8 St. Lambert Hill,

MONTREAL

A SCOTCH BOOK or TWO.

Scottish Clans and their Tartans — with notes

and colored illustrations 75c.

Library edition $1.50

Highlanders at Home— By W. Ian., Ill $2.00

Hound in Tartan, G. E. . . . . . $2.50

Costumes of the Clans— By W. Ian, Illus-
trated, G. K., bound in Tartan $2.50

Jeems Kaye — His Adventures & Opinions. 35c.

Smith, Clan Chief— By John MacLeay 25c.

The Elder Macgregor — By Chs. Hanaan . 25c.

You can get these and always the latest in BOOKS and
STATIONERY at

Chapman's
Bookstore,

2407 St. Catherine St., MONTREAL.

Jhe guffalo

Kot "Water

Keaters

Patented and Manufactured Dy

Ike H. R. IVES CO., Ltd.

MONTREAL.

«^

1^ ARE THE BEST IN USE. -^

All Public Buildings, Institutions and First
Class Residences HAVE THEM.

oTGM/y^

\ p^ine groceries /

2448

ST. CATHERINE ST.

MONTREAL.

b

i^^T

'sfance ^ .\o«
lip. 134S^^

*»0*m00mw0i»tt0i0fit*

*0i00tt*0*^^m0tmw0*0t00t*m^*t»0i0t*90*m0i00kig

H0B50N CgL iSONS,

COXTKACrORS BY APPOINTMENT TO HIS MAJESTY'S HOME.

INDIAX AND COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS. AND THE

CROWN AGENTS FOR THE COLONIES.

CONTRACTORS fur CLOTHING
and Every Part of EQVIP.MENT
for tite

Army, Navy, Re-
serve or Volunteer
Forces. •>? if ■^ ^

Colonial
ORDERS
Promptly
executed.

ui oiTiri tim;, oh'iclis Outtiis. w-

lir

A of

)KPT,

No. ■>.

No. 4.

No. ;■).

No. (i.

No. 7.

No. S.

MILITARY TAILORING

His M;i;esty's Service.
-MUFTI CLOTHI.VC; in nil its Hrandu-s.

-BELTS and ACCOL'TKKMENTS. (Dress .nul I'naress). Horse .\ppoiiilnients. Harness.

Saddlery, and Harness arul Hoot Leathers ^>f ever\' Deserijition. fVir e\er\ Hraneli i>t

His Majesty's Service.

- HELMETS. CAPS and HEAD-DKESSES, for every Br.iiicli of His Majesty's Service,

GOLD LACi:S, BRAIDS. COKI>S and E.MBKOIDERHiS, for every Branch of His

M.ajesty's Service.
CLOTHING, Rank and File for an>' Ret^iiiient : also Bands, Police Forces, or Railway
Companies, Etc., in.ade to order. Liveries tor Clubs, Hotel and Theatre .Attendants.
-METAL BADGE.S, ORNAMENTS .and BUTTONS, every description of above m.ide

to order. Desif^ns for which will Ix.* submitted Free of Charj^e.
-INDIAN and COLO.MAl. DEPART.MENT.

PRICE LIST OR ESTIM.iTE ON APPI.IC.ITION.

1, 3 rSl 5 Lexington Street,
Golden Sc|., London 'W.

Ri'tfisti'rfii Telegraphic Address. Inland
and Foreign. "HOBSON LONDON."

A^erk\& for Montreal :

Messrs. KicKards (Q. Sons,

252 St. James Street.

A,^ent fox* 'Wii\x\ipe^ :

Mr. C. N. MitcKell,

409 Main Street.

Clothing Contra<!lors to the Fifth R.oyal Scots of Canada.

G^'^E

William Tremblay,

:^ss3^

Gents' Fine Tailoring. Satisfaction Guaranteed.

2048 Notre Dame Street, Montreal.

L. Brunelle

Balmoral Building

1 906 Notre Dame Street,

Near Chaboillez Square.

(S) Bell Tel. Main 106

MONTREAL

r

Canadian Branch : 204 Board of Trade Building, Montreal
WOTHRRSPOON & CO., Agents

LTD

Coto's SCotel

BACK RIVER ROAD.

MS

A Pleasant Drive to a
Pleasant Resort tor
Ivesiaents or v isitors in
the City. Xne First
Hotel on tKe BACK
RIVER Road. Lighted
by Electricity. (Opposite
Snamroek Ground), this
side of X oil Gate. Two
miles from the City.
Meals served a la Carte.
First Class Orchestra.
Private Parlors. Finest
Wines, Liquors and
Cigars

K

JOSEPH COTE.

= Proprietor. ^^

(34=.

Xelepkone : East 1878
^^^ Montreal. ^^^

Rudolph The Tailor

No. 1 9 St. Lawrence Street.

n

HE long established and
favorably known Mer-
chant Tailor. . . .
Our stock is one of the largest
and best assorted ever seen.
Our prices range from $12 up.
Place your order with us and

save 50 per cent

FIT and WORKMANSHIP
GUARANTEED

Rudolph The Tailor

No. 1 9 St. Lawrence Street.

'Phone Up III4

S. Blau^ein & Co.

Hi^H Class

I^adies' Tailors and

DressmaKers

R.IDING HABITS
A SPECIALTY.

J&

m

|UR Designers in the Tailoring
and Dressmaking Departments
are EXPERTS in their line.
Ladies can confidently expect com-
pletest satisfaction in fit and work-
manship at moderate prices. Your
patronage respectfully solicited. . . .

S. BLAUSTEIN & CO.
2460 St. Catherine Street, Montreal.

If it is made of TIN, we have, it.

Acme Can Works

MONTREAL

ft
*

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9 9,

* 9
9 9j

* •

•

9

9
9

9
9

9
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•

9

•,
9

i

1

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9

•

9
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$
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m

JAKE the largest assortment
of any house in America
of T/N CANS by up-to-date, au-
tomatic machinery. Capacity :
100,000 Cans daily. Our Special-
ties : Key Opening Cans for
Meats and Provisions, Fruit Cans,
Vegetable Cans, Lard and Syrup
Pails, Baking Powder and Lye
Tins, Pressed Tin Boxes, Tin
Chaplets for Foundries. PAINT
and VARNISH CANS. TIN
SPECIALTIES, Etc. ...

When you require Good Goods & Prompt
Delivery, Telephone or Write us. . . .

The Central and Popular Place to get
a nice LUNCH at any time

for L>adies and Gents.

2318 St. Catherine St.,

(Near Mansfield)

Open 7 a.m. to 12 p.m. Clears service.

COLIN CAMPBELL

JFIo^tst anD Becorator

2312 St. Catherine Street,
(Formerly of Beaver Hall Hill,) Montreal.

TELEPHONES: { ^P„^„f,203
Greenhouses at Rockfield, near Lachine.

^j^lexander 'Sq.

Fine Confectionery and Caterer,
Cakes ana Candies.

JOHN F. ALEXANDER.

Proprietor.
2358 St. Catherine St.. Montreal.

Cl)e (S^reat Wt%i
Eift a^ssurame Companp

locals <Dfficc : Winnipeg.

HOW A
STRONG
COMPANY
GROWS :

("December 1892,
1895,
1897,
1899,
1902,
1903,

$ 862,200

4,934,850

6,912,982

10,263,259

15,285,000

18,023,000

D

ecary

'sPh

armacy.

Corner St. Denis and

St. Catnerine Streets,

Montreal.

Lecours Pharmacy,

No. 370 Craig Street,

Montreal.

Dispensing of Physicians'
Prescriptions our Specialty.

Lecours & Decary,

CHEMISTS.

r (3^ (^. ^en-fd

i^lontrcal

Designs submitted for all l<inds of Society and

Military Badges, Breast Pins and Medals,

also Stick Pins and Buttons for

ail purposes. Medals,

Emblems.

CARON BROS.
Manuracturing JcAvelers

Enameled Souvenirs

643 Craig Street, Montreal, Canada.

•PHONE MAIN 1725

JOHN ALLAN,
anfl guilder

OFFICE : 2 ATWATER AVENUE, - ST. HENRI.
TELEPHONE: MOUNT 6oa.

N. T. GAGNON,

Room 26 Board of Trade Bldg.,

MONTREAL.

The Montreal

#^

(■WitK

Terra Cotta

Laprairie

Lumber Co.,

^W^

Brick

Limited.

*^^

Company.)

The Swan
Photo Co.

119 Mansfield Street.

iSolicga Wim Compauj).

C. H. & F. 0. WRAY.
^^^^ Managers.

Choicest Wines & Liquors
Pine Imported & Domestic
=== Cigars. ^^=

1748 |15otrc aDamc Street, 2©ontrcaI.

telephone: main 967

(I. [1. Brown k Co. Ltd.

AutKorized Bottling
Agents

"WM. DOW O. CO., Ale and Porter.

D ^Ylmer Street, [lontreal.

Visit tHe

Vidloria Billiard

Parlors

2272 St. Catherine St.

Opposite VICXORIA STR.EEX.

Marconi ^MiKe

You
RicK.

Securities

riiL' gi'catest opportunity sincf the Bull Telephone
Co. was floated, is our oflfering- of not less than
$UK) nor more than $1000 worth of the Marconi
So.(K) Certificates. An investment in these is certain
to bring^ you fortune. Send for prospectus and full
information. Make cheques payable to ... .

Munroe (Si Mvinroe,

Manajjfers Man

L'nderwritidi;- S_\ iitlicate.

Broad E.xcHange Building, Ne"w "VorK.

Canada Life Building', Montreal.

jyfarbie palace

E. L. H. BINETTE, Prop.

1 3 St. Lawrence Street.

Tel. Bell East 1785 MercKants' Tel. C4Q

'^

Full Meals and Lunches served hot or
cold from 6 a.m. to 12 p.m.

Thos. Sonne, Sr.

A vi' n i n ^s.
Tents and
Tarpaulins.

'-K.i^:^'-

Handsome Military Tents
esi>eeialU' made foe camps.
A complete slock of vvag'OM
and liorse covers, tarpaulins
and oilskin clothing, coal
basfs, etc. Awnings taken
down and stored

Telephone : Main 1161.

193 Commissioners Street,

MONTREAL.

grunsN/iek
Milliard Kail

JOHN DONAHUE;,
CHaTnpioi:\, Prop.

2464 ST. CATHERINE

( Near Drummond St. )
MONTREAL.

= Al =
Expert
Tables

Telephone :
Uptown 2914

W. SNOW,

^-^t

Ostrich
leather

^^-^ 2)y^^«

-♦tt^t^^'-'^sV'

1931 Notre Dame Street, Montreal

Cable Address : Winnipeg Office :

"Furpiercc, " Montreal, Can. Tribune Building, Winnipeg, Man.

C PIERCE & CO.

Importers and Elxporlers of

Raw Furs, Ginseng, Etc.

Bell Tel. Main 4542.
Reference : Bank of Ottawa, Montreal.

Office & Warerooms : 454 St. Paul Street,
MONTREAL

^^^^K!^Br T^ ^^^^^^1

Mr. J. H. DUNN, of ihe firm of J. H. Dunn & Co.,

Brokers and Members of the Montreal Stock Elxchange.

Offices in the L. & L. & G. Building. Montreal.

R. G. BROWN & CO,

Fine Custom Tailors and Importers of

WEST of ENGLAND, SCOTCH

and IRISH SUITINGS,

VICUNA'S CHEVIOTS,

VENETIANS, SERGES AND

CLAY WORSTEDS

AI.I. IX STOCK .\T MOni-:R.\Tl': PRICE.
Perfect Fit Guaranteed Your Trial Order Solicited

COR. BLEURY &. DORCHESTER STS.

J. H. Dunn & Co.

Stock ^^'^^^^^

Dealers in High Class Securities,
Stocks, Bonds, Debentures, 6cc. . .
Investments for Estates, Trustees,
Guardians, &c., at be^ rates con-
sistent with security

Capital furnished and Corporations
promoted

Members of the Montreal Stock Exchange.

OFFICES FIRST FLOOR,

Liverpool, London & Globe Bldg.,

112 St. James St., Montreal.

i