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Preliminary
Amphibian and Reptile Survey

of the
Lewis and Clark National Forest: 1994

A Report to:

USDA Forest Service

Lewis and Clark National Forest

1101 15th Street N.

Box 869

Great Falls, MT 59403

Submitted by
JAMES D.REICHEL

March 1995

Montana Natural Heritage Program

1515 East Sixth Avenue

P.O. Box 201800

Helena, MT 59620-1800

1995 Montana Natural Heritage Program

This document should be cited as follows:

Reichel, J. D. 1 995. Preliminary amphibian and reptile survey of the Lewis and Clark National Forest: 1 994.
Montana Natural Heritage Program. Helena, MT. 92 pp.

ABSTRACT

A total of 40 surveys and several additional sightings were made in the Lewis and Clark National
Forest (L&CNF) between May and September 1994. Mostwere surveys of ponds, lakes, seeps,
streams or other wetlands, made by 1 or 2 individuals. Each survey took 1 0-200 person-minutes and
consisted of a thorough search of the wetland perimeter and netting of near shore aquatic habitats for
adults, eggs, larvae, and tadpoles. Stream sampling was done by hand and dipnet. Seeps were
checked by rolling over rocks and logs in and near wet areas. In addition to surveys, sightings were
made from road kills, vocal identifications or fortuitous sightings by other reliable individuals.

Localized areas across the entire forest were covered in the survey, with specific locations
determined largely by priorities set by Mike Enk, Fisheries Biologist for the Lewis and Clark National
Forest.

Six amphibians are reported from the L&CNF: Long-toed Salamander {Ambystoma
macrodactylum). Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei). Western Toad (Bufo boreas). Northern Chorus Frog
(Pseudacris triseriata). Northern Leopard Frog (Ranapipiens), and Spotted Frog (Ranapretiosa) .
The Spotted Frog was the most widespread amphibian throughout the forest. The Tailed Frog and
Long-toed Salamander were found in a few locations on the Rocky Mountain Ranger District
(RMRD). The Western Toad was found in very small numbers on the RMRD in 1994. Historically it
has also been reported in the Highwood, Little Belt, and Crazy Mountains; however it was not found
during our surveys. Given the apparent region-wide declines in this species, all sightings should be
reported. The Northern Leopard Frog was reported historically from a single site on the RMRD and
several sites in the Highwood Mountains on the L&CNF; none were found on the L&CNF in this
survey. It also has been reported historically from numerous prairie ponds, outside and at lower
elevations than L&CNF lands. Northern Leopard Frogs are nearly extirpated from western Montana,
and anecdotal evidence indicates a decline elsewhere in Montana (except the southeast corner); all
sightings should be reported. The Northern Chorus Frog was common in prairie ponds, primarily
outside and lower in elevation than L&CNF lands. Four other prairie-inhabiting amphibians have been
recorded in the area, though in some cases well away from L&CNF lands; these include the Tiger
Salamander (Ambystoma tigrimim). Great Plains Toad (Bufo cognatus), Woodhouseis Toad (Bufo
woodhousii), and Plains Spadefoot (Scaphiopus bombifrons).

Eleven reptiles have been reported from near the L&CNF, but only two have been definitely
reported from on the forest: the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) and Common
Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). Both were found in the RMRD and Little Belt Mountains. The
Western Terrestrial Garter Snake also was found in the Big Snowy Mountains and there is a specimen
record of the Common Garter Snake from the Highwood Mountains. The Rubber Boa (Charina
bottae) and Racer (Coluber constrictor) have been recorded on the Helena NF just to the south and
west of the L&CNF and therefore are likely to be found on the L&CNF as well. The Spiny Softshell
(Trionyx spinifera) is present in large rivers at lower elevations; records include the Musselshell River
near Shawmut and perhaps Canyon Ferry Reservoir This species could also occur on the Smith or
Judith Rivers. The following reptiles have been recorded in the area and may eventually be found on

lower elevation L&CNF lands: Painted Turtle {Chrysemys picta). Short-horned Lizard (Phrynosoma
doiiglasi). Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasiciis). Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer). Plains
Garter Snake {Thamnophis radix), and Western Rattlesnake (Crotahis viridis).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii

INTRODUCTION 1

METHODS AND MATERIALS 2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3

Species known to be present on the Lewis and Clark National Forest 6

Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) 6

TailedV vog (Ascaphus tniei) 8

WestevnToad (Bufo boreas) 10

Western ChovusVvog(Pseiidacristriseriata) 12

Northern Leopard Frog (i?a«a/»zp/e«5) 14

SpottedVvog (Ranapretiosa) 16

Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) 18

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) 20

Species Potentially Present on the Lewis and Clark National Forest 22

Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) 22

Great^lamsToad (Biifo cognatus) 24

Woodhouseis Toad (Bufowoodhousii) 26

Plains Spadefoot (Scaphiopus [=SpeaJ bombifrons) 28

^amtedTurtle (Chrysemys picta) 30

Spiny Softshell {Trionyx spiniferus) (=Apalone spinifera) 32

Sl\ort-\iomed\Azard {Phrynosomadouglasi) 34

^uhher ^oa{Charmabottae) 36

^acer {Coluber constrictor) 38

Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus) 40

Gopher Snake {Pituophis catenifer [=melanoleuciisJ) 42

Vlams Garter Snake {Thamnophis radix) 44

Western Rattlesnake (Crototev/ntZ/.s') 46

Rocky Mountain Division Information 47

Rocky Mountain Division 47

Jefferson Division Information 47

Highwood Mountains 47

Little Belt Mountains 48

Castle Mountains 48

Crazy Mountains 48

Big Snowy Mountains 48

Little Snowy Mountains 49

RECOMMENDATIONS 50

BroLIOGRAPHY 51

Appendix 1 . Data Sheets used for Reptiles and Amphibian Surveys and Observations 65

Appendix2. Sites surveyed during 1994 amphibian and reptile surveys 67

Appendix 3 . Amphibians and reptiles observed during surveys of the Lewis and Clark National

Forest in 1993-94 71

Appendix 4. Amphibians and reptiles reported from in and around the Lewis and Clark National

Forest 74

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Mike Enk for his help throughout the study. Additional help, location of possible survey
sites, information on herp observations, and other support was provided by Seth Diamond, Portia
Jelinek, DavePilliod, Phillip Whitechey, Tom Whitford, and other Forest Service personnel. D. D.
Dover, C. Jones, K. Jurist, and S. Thweatt assisted with element occurrence and map preparation.
Financial support for the proj ect came from the Lewis and Clark National Forest (U.S. Forest Service,
Northern Region) and the Montana Natural Heritage Program (Montana State Library, Natural
Resources Information System and The Nature Conservancy).

Museum records were received from: American Museum of Natural History, Academy of Natural
Science, Brigham Young University, California Academy of Science, Carnegie Museum, University of
Puget Sound Museum, Field Museum of Natural History, Glacier National Park Museum, Illinois
Natural History Survey, University of Kansas, Los Angeles County Museum, Louisiana State University
Museum of Zoology, Museum of Comparative Zoology - Harvard, Milwaukee Public Museum,
Montana State University Museum, Michigan State University Museum, North Carolina State Museum
of Natural History, Northern Louisiana University Museum, University of Colorado Museum, University
of Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Idaho Museum, University of Michigan Museum,
University of South Dakota, United States National Museum of Natural History, University of Texas -
Arlington, University of Texas - El Paso, and Peabody Museum - Yale. Most museum data were
received with the help of Dr Charles Peterson, Idaho State University, Pocatello.

INTRODUCTION

Many amphibians are apparently declining in the western U. S. and world-wide (Corn and Fogelman
1984, Phillips 1990, Yoffe 1992). Acid rain, ozone depletion, pollution by toxic chemicals and heavy
metals, predation and/or competition by exotic species, habitat alteration, climate change, disease,
immune system problems, and some combination of these factors have all been suggested as possible
causes (Com and Fogelman 1984,Phimps 1990, Yoffe 1992).

Bass have been introduced into waters on or near the Lewis and Clark National Forest (L&CNF)
and have been implicated in declines of native amphibian populations in some areas. Past forestry
practices and large scale logging continue to be detrimental to resident herpetofauna (Bury etal. 1991).
The Tailed Frog (Ascaphiis tniei), present on the L&CNF, is thought to be one of the most sensitive
indicators of stream-side and aquatic community health in forested landscapes (R. B. Bury, pers.
comm.). Preliminary data indicate the Northern Leopard Frog {Ranapipiens) has disappeared over
much of its former range in western Montana and is declining in at least some areas of eastern Montana.
The US Fish and Wildlife Service now lists the Western Toad {Biifo boreas) as a Candidate (C-2)
species in Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico. Apparent declines have recently been reported in
northern Idaho (C. Peterson pers. comm.), northwest Montana (Werner and Reichel 1 994),
Yellowstone National Park (Peterson et al 1 992), Wyoming, and Colorado (Carey 1 993).
The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service lists two Montana amphibians and two reptiles as candidate
species: the Spotted Frog (C2) {Ranapretiosa), Tailed Frog (C2), Short-horned Lizard {Phrynosoma
doiiglasi) andNorthern ^a.gQhnx^\\lAzax6i{Sceloporns graciosus graciosus). The U.S. Forest
Service Region 1 lists the Coeur diAlene Salamander {Plethodon idahoensis) as iSensitivei and is
considering adding several other amphibians. The Montana Natural Heritage Program and the Montana
Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks list 6 amphibians [Coeur diAlene Salamander, Idaho Giant
Salamander (Dicamptodon aterrimus). Tailed Frog, Canadian Toad (Biifo hemiophrys). Spotted
Frog, Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica)] and 7 reptiles [Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). Spiny
Softshell {Apalone spiniferd). Short-homed Lizard, Sagebmsh Lizard, Westem Hognose Snake
(Heterodon nasiciis). Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis). Milk Snake (Lampropeltis
triangulum)] as species of special concem in the state. The Northern Leopard Frog and Westem
Toad (Biifo boreas) are being considered for addition to the list. Eight of these species, the Tailed
Frog, Western Toad, Spotted Frog, Northem Leopard Frog, Spiny Softshell, Short-homed Lizard,
Western Hognose Snake, and Milk Snake occur or potentially occur on the L&CNF.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

Historic locations of amphibians and reptiles were recorded from literature (see Bibliography) and
museum specimen records. Records were received from over 20 maj or museums which have
computerized their collections in North America (see Acknowledgments). Locations derived from these
sources have been entered into a database and digitized. Records from the Museum of Vertebrate
Zoology, Berkeley, California, have yet to be received.

Survey sites were chosen based on 4 criteria: 1) high priority sites as determined by the L&CNF;
2) location of streams, seeps and wetlands on topographic maps; 3) accessibility of the wetlands by
roads or hiking trails; and 4) conversations with district biologists regarding stream-seep-wetland
locations and past Forest Service surveys. Based on the above, 3-6 sites were chosen daily for
surveys. Ten minutes to 2 hours were spent at each site, depending upon the size of the area and what
was found. Initially, the entire shoreline, or a maj or part thereof, was searched by walking slowly along
the edge and up into the surrounding vegetation, including rolling over rocks and logs. At regular
intervals, the aquatic habitat was sampled for tadpoles or larvae using dipnets. If the initial sampling
showed amphibian/reptile species present, further effort was expended in order to get some idea of
abundance and distribution.

An attempt was made to capture at least the first few individuals of a species seen at a survey site.
The species name was recorded along with developmental stage and sex (if possible); the animals were
then released. Representative samples of the more common species in an area were preserved for
permanent museum records and are deposited at the Idaho State University Museum. Water
temperature, air temperature, and a general description of the area were recorded. Standard data
sheets used during this proj ect are given in Appendix 1 ; the amphibian survey data sheet was developed
by U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and is used extensively by a variety of researchers in the western U. S.
Much site-specific data was gathered during these surveys; not all data has been analyzed or is
presented in this report, but is available from the Montana Natural Heritage Program.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A total of 40 sites were surveyed of which 22 had one or more amphibian or reptile species present
(Figure 1 , Appendices 2 and 3). Although no species were found at 1 8 sites, their absence may have
been due to the time of day, weather conditions, or other factors at the time of sampling. With three
exceptions, all of the sites were on L&CNF land.

In addition to the 40 surveys, there were a number of sightings (i.e. road kills, chance observations)
for which data are available and the sightings considered reliable. Species location data from surveys,
chance encounters, and historic records (from the literature and museum specimens) are listed in
Appendix 4. Distribution maps were created using survey and sighting data and historical records; inset
statewide maps for each species are based on sight and specimen records, both recent and historic.

No previous publications or reports on reptiles or amphibians concentrate on the L&CNF area.
There is a publication on the Tiber Reservoir area to the north (Mosimann and Rabb 1952). Based
museum specimens, publications, surveys and incidental observations, six amphibians and two reptiles
have been reported on the L&CNF; an additional four amphibians and nine reptiles may eventually be
found to occur there. Six amphibian and two reptile species were actually observed during the study.
The following results are presented as a species summary for the Forest as a whole, followed by
specific information on each division (and mountain range within the Jefferson Division).

In the following species accounts, the section on i Similar SpeciesT covers species only which are
known or suspected to occur in Montana; outside Montana other confusing species may occur which
are not covered in this report. Photos of all Montana amphibians and reptiles may be found in Reichel
and Flath (1995).

Herp Survey Locations on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

Survev locstlooi itvrn the Moritana NaturEl Merttage Pmgrsm, 2f2SfBB

atiMakmfinJhiUi.tantti

OcDurrences of Am by stoma macrodactylum on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

^' Pra'1993 data

V Musflum specimeriB

Species locatlorKa from the Montana NaturBl Heritage P^ogramx 2i29i9b

MMimmHtty.env

Species known to be present on the Lewis and Clark National Forest

Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactyhim)

Description : Adults are dark gray to black with an irregular (and sometimes broken) green to yellow
stripe down the middle of the back. Adult snout-vent length varies from 2 to 3 .25 " . All
salamanders have smooth moist skin without scales.

Eggs and Larvae: Egg masses are typically laid in small clusters of 5-100 eggs but may be laid
singly (Nussbaum etal. 1983). Within the clear gelatinous eggs, the embryos are somewhat light-
colored, while frog and toad embryos are dark (except in Tailed Frogs). Larval Long-toed
Salamanders are typically brown- or gray-colored, are found in ponds, have three external gills, and
are relatively small (<1 .75" snout-vent) and slender They are distinguished from Tiger Salamander
larvae by the 9-13 gill rakers on the inside of the 3rd gill arch (17-22 rakers on the Tiger
Salamander); they are also smaller and lack the large head and mouth.

Similar species: Adult Long-toed Salamanders can be distinguished from Coeur dIAlene Salamanders
by the longest toe on the hind foot which is longer than the sole and a yellow throat patch. Long-
toed Salamanders lack a groove running vertically from nostril to mouth.

Habitat and Habits: Long-toed Salamanders are found in a wide variety of habitats from sagebrush to
nearly alpine. They breed in ponds or lakes (very rarely in slow moving streams), usually those
without fish present. Adults go to the breeding ponds immediately after snow-melt and are usually
the earliest breeding amphibians in western Montana. In the Pacific Northwest, eggs hatch in 3 -6
weeks and metamorphosis occurs after 2-14 months (Nussbaum etal. 1983, Leonard etal.
1 993). Long-toed Salamanders were found in only two locations on the L&CNF. The earliest
observation was of three egg masses nearly ready to hatch and about 500 recently-hatched larvae in
a marshy, backwater pond off Wood Creek on 27 May 1 994. A mid-sized larva was also seen in a
beaverpondinWagnerBasinon5 July 1994. Individuals were found only in the Rocky Mountain
Ranger District (RMRD) from 4600 - 5720 ft. elevation. They occurred with the Spotted Frog in
the Wood Creek pond.

Surveying: Larvae can readily be seen in ponds during the day and sampled with a dipnet; egg masses
may beharderto see. During the breeding season, adults may alsobe seen in the water, particularly
during night surveys. During the rest of the spring, summer and fall, adults may occasionally be
found in and under logs on the forest floor Metamorphosed individuals are active at night,
particularly when it is warm and rainy; they may be captured at this time by either night searches or
pitfall traps.

Status: The Long-toed Salamander is the most common salamander in western Montana. Preliminary
indications are that the Long-toed Salamander is uncommon and locally distributed in the RMRD of
the L&CNF, the eastern edge of its range.

MontanaNatural Heritage Program rank: G5 S5.

Occurrences of Ascaphys truet on or near tha Lewis St Clark NatJonal Forest

* 1S93-9* data
^ Pre- 1393 date

$pE!i?h^ |q4;:aTiiDrk^ iKtm ih« M<MiTflne NdTunal H^Hiag^ PrE^gram, 2il3l^5

mdamlmapBAd.uT\p

Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei)

Description : Adults are gray or brown with gray, brown, or occasionally yellow blotches; the skin has a
distinctly bumpy texture. The adult has a snout-vent length of 1 .5-2" and lacks a tympanum. The
outer toe of the hind foot is broader than the other toes. The male has a bulbous itailT which acts as
a penis.

Eggs and Larvae: Approximately 50 eggs are laid in rosary-like strings attached to the underside
of rocks. The tadpole (up to 2" long) is unique in that it has a large mouth modified into a sucker;
the color is quite variable.

Similar species : No other frog or toad has the outer toe of the hind foot broader than the other toes; all
other frogs and toads have a tympanum behind each eye.

Habitat and Habits: Tailed Frogs are found in and along small, swift, cold mountain streams. In the
L&CNF, they have been found only on the RMRD in four locations (Appendix 3, 4). The
elevations range from 4900 feet in Falls Creek to about 6000 feet in a small stream on the Mount
Wright trail. This elevation range will likely increase with additional sightings from the area. In the
Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon, the Tailed Frog appears to be very sensitive to
siltation and frequently disappears in and downstream from clearcuts and water diversions (Bury,
pers. comm.). Preliminary findings do not indicate that this is the case in Montana. Eggs are laid
during the late summer and take approximately 4 weeks to hatch. Tadpoles take 1 -4 years to
metamorphose, depending on water temperature (Nussbaum et al 1983; Metter 1 967). Sexual
maturity in Montana is attained at ages 6-7, (Daugherty and Sheldon 1982) which is the latest age
for sexual maturity of any North American amphibian.

Surveying: Tadpoles are frequently found while electro-shocking fish. They may also be found by
turning over rocks in rapid water with a net held just downstream. Adults are best found by walking
up streams starting 30-60 minutes after dark.

Status: The Tailed Frogs in this report are the northeastern-most records for the species. Tailed Frogs
are known from a few other locations east of the Continental Divide in the Beaverhead National
Forest. While Tailed Frogs should be considered a species with a very localized distribution on the
RMRD of the L&CNF, it may be more common and widespread in suitable habitat than is currently
known. It is common and widespread in western Montana. Currently it is a USFWS Candidate
species (C-2).

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S3 S4.

Occurrences of Buio biireaa on or near the Lewis Sl Clark National Forest

* 193334 data
Pte-1993 data
"MT MusftLjm fipsclinans

■^VH^

Species Ideations from The Montana Natural Hsritag^a F'rDgrBm. 2/3S/9Si

■tLatAn ipfH q ? -cdi p

Western Toad {Bufo boreas)

Description: Adults are colored with a gray, brown, or olive-green mottling and a prominent white or
yellowish line down the center of the back; very young transformed toads typically lack the dorsal
line, and the warts are often red-brown in color. The pupils are horizontal. The adult has a body
length of 2.5-5 ". There are no cranial crests and the skin is relatively dry with many warts and
glands present.

Eggs and Larvae: Eggs are laid in long, clear, double strings, and each has a black embryo.
Tadpoles are typically j et black, while all the Montana frog species tadpoles are green or bronze
(except for some Tailed Frogs).

Similar species: Other Montana toads have cranial crests between their eyes. The Plains Spadefoot
has one tubercle on the sole of the hind feet, a vertical pupil, and smoother skin. NOTE: It is very
difficult to distinguish among the four Montana toad species in recently-transformed toadlets.

Habitat and Habits: Adults are largely terrestrial and found in a variety of habitats from valley bottoms
to high elevations; they breed in lakes, ponds, and slow streams with a preference for shallow areas
with mud bottoms. Breeding and egg laying in Montana usually takes place 1 -3 months after snow-
melt, from April at lower elevations to July at higher sites. Western Toads were reported from only
two locations on the L&CNF in 1994. We found eggs in a beaver pond on a backwater of the
Teton River on 26 May 1994; one clutch was about half developed the other two recently laid.
Mike Enk reported a single adult along East Fork Woods Creek. Small tadpoles were seen on 2 1
June 93 at Pine Butte Swamp Preserve. Tadpoles are typically 2-3 months old at metamorphosis in
Montana, depending on water temperature (Black 1970). Following metamorphosis, hundreds of
small toads, many with the tails still present, can be found on the shores of breeding ponds.

Surveying: Tadpoles are easily seen in ponds during the day and can be sampled with a dipnet. During
the breeding season, adults may be seen in the water but at other times are found in more terrestrial
habitats.

Status: Tadpoles and eggs of the Western Toad were observed at only one site during the 1994 survey
in the L&CNF; adults were seen at only a single additional site. None were seen in the Highwood,
Little Belt, or Crazy Mountains, although historic records exist from all three ranges (Appendix 3,4).
The rarity of this species on the RMRD and lack of recent sightings in the Jefferson Division is of
concern. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service now lists this species as a Candidate (C-2) species in
Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico. Apparent declines have recently been reported in northern
Idaho (C. Peterson pers. comm.), northwest Montana (Werner and Reichel 1994), Yellowstone
National Park (Peterson etal 1992), Wyoming, and Colorado (Carey 1993). We would
recommend that all sightings of this species be reported and that a monitoring program be set up.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G4 S4.

Occurrences of Pseudacris trieerjala on qt near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

I o

• 199394 data

^ Pra^lSSa {lata i^

j^ Musaum GpaclirMns

SpKJU lociptlons fr^iTt tHp ManTa^a NatLihai Harltagft Pvogfatn, 2tlQI^B

■tJ^mipcyid 3.crn{i

Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata)

Description: Adults are very small (0.75-1.5") and have tiny, almost unnoticeable toe pads. They have
a dark line extending from the snout through the eye to the groin. Basic coloration is quite variable
with the background color being green, brown, gray, orreddish. Typically 3-5 dark longitudinal
stripes are present on the head and back which may be broken up into spots on some individuals.
Eggs and Tadpoles: Eggs are laid in small clusters of 1 0- 1 00, usually less than 1 " across and
attached to submerged vegetation (Wheeler and Wheeler 1 966, Baxter and Stone 1985).
Individual eggs are about 1 mm in diameter. Tadpoles are brown/bronze and the eyes are located
on the sides of the head.

Similar species: Pacific Chorus Frogs {Pseudacris regilla) have obvious toe pads and an eye stripe
ending at the shoulder Recently metamorphosed Ranid frogs could be confused with this species
but the coloration differs and the tiny toe pads are lacking.

Habitat and Habits: Western Chorus Frogs are regularly found in the water only during the breeding
period in spring. Their presence is obvious during this time due to their call which is given frequently
at night and sporadically throughout the day. Calls were heard on or near the L&CNF from mid-
May through early June while doing surveys; however, the precise beginning and end of calling in the
area is unknown. Following breeding, these frogs move into adjacent uplands and are rarely seen.
In eastern Montana they breed in temporary ponds and small lakes surrounded by prairie; in some
locations in Montana they are also found in open forested habitats. Eggs hatch in about 2 weeks
and tadpoles are about 2 months old at metamorphosis (Wheeler and Wheeler 1 966, Nussbaum et
al. 1983).

Surveying: Adults are easily surveyed for, using their calls for identification during the breeding season
in the spring and early summer During the breeding season, adults may also be seen in the water,
but their small size and habit of freezing or diving when disturbed makes observation difficult; night
surveys may be more productive. Egg masses are difficult to find. Tadpoles may be seen in ponds
during the day and can be sampled with a dipnet.

Status: Common throughout the prairies of eastern Montana. Probably common at the lower edges of
the L&CNF, especially where open forest or prairie occurs; perhaps uncommon and local within
forested habitat at higher elevations. Mike Enk reported two locations with Western Chorus Frogs
on the L&CNF. These included the headwaters of Arrow Creek in the Highwood Mountains and a
seep area near Whiterock Creek in the RMRD; an additional historic record exists from lower
Highwood Creek (Appendix 4). Numerous others were heard calling just outside the forest
boundary.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S5.

Occurrfincss of Rana pipjens on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

Q 1

• 1993-94 dnti

^ Pr&-1993 data ^'

V Museum specimens

*■ ■*•

^S•

JZ.

Spflciu locBtJons from th« Montana Natural Heritage Fnogram, 2JlSfS5

hMbi^ vaAil 9xrnp

Northern Leopard Frog (Ranapipiens)

Description: Adults are brown or green with large, dark spots surrounded by light-colored halos on the
sides and back. The dorso-lateral folds (ridges along the sides of the back) are usually lighter in
color that the surrounding background. The under-side is typically white, but may be cream-
colored or yellowish. The adult has a body length of 2-5". Newly transformed froglets may lack
spots and are about 1 " in length (Leonard etal. 1993).

Eggs and Tadpoles: Eggs are laid in 2-5 " globular masses composed of hundreds to thousands of
eggs (Hammerson 1982a, Nussbaume^a/. 1983). The tadpoles are brown to dark brown on top
with some metallic flecking, whereas the underside is often nearly transparent (Nussbaum etal.
1983). Total length of tadpoles may reach more than 3"; the eyes are located on top of the head.

Similar species: None, although some newly-transformed froglets may lack spots, which makes them
extremely difficult to distinguish from Spotted and Wood Frogs.

Habitat and Habits : Northern Leopard Frogs are found in or near water in non-forested habitats.
Vegetation is typically dense, as in a cattail marsh or dense sedge-meadow. Breeding takes place in
lakes, ponds (temporary and permanent), springs, and occasionally backwaters or beaver ponds in
streams. In Colorado, eggs hatch in 4-1 5 days and tadpoles take 8-15 weeks to metamorphose,
depending on water temperature (Hammerson 1982a).

Surveying: Both adults, tadpoles, and eggs are easily seen in and along the water during the day and
can be sampled with a dipnet; adults may also be captured by hand. At very low densities adults
may be difficult to find and may be detected using a call recorder Tadpoles are difficult to tell from
those of the Spotted Frog in areas where the two species may overlap.

Status: Historically, the Northern Leopard Frog was widespread in Montana but it now appears to be
extinct throughout much of the western part of the state. It is still common and widespread in the
southeastern comer of the state, but its status is uncertain in central and northeastern Montana. It
appears that only localized populations are present on the western edge of the plains. A single
historic location is known from on the RMRD of the L&CNF; that museum specimen was collected
in 1958 from the i Sun River, 5500feet.i Although it is impossible to pinpoint the exact locality for
this record, wetlands in the immediate area should be surveyed. Specimens were collected in upper
Highwood Creek in the Highwood Mountains in 1 962; although searches were conducted in that
area during this study, no Northern Leopard Frogs were found. Several other historic records exist
from near L&CNF lands just to the south and east of the Little Belt Mountains. More recent
records include: 1) a single individual seen during a two-days period at Pine Butte Swamp in 1993;
2) adults seen along Belt Creek north of L&CNF lands in 1994; and 3) adults seen along the
Dearborn River in 1 993 . Due to its significant decline and lack of current reports from the L&CNF,
all sightings of this species should be documented.

Northern Leopard Frogs are now absent from many other areas in North America where they
were common a few decades ago. Widespread extinctions are known from Alberta (Koonz 1 993),
Wyoming, Colorado (Hammerson 1982b, Com andFogelman 1984), Idaho (Groves and Peterson
1992), Washington, and Oregon (Leonard etal. 1994). Bullfrog and fish introductions, acid rain,
ozone depletion, immune system suppression, and iPostmetamorphic Death Syndromei have all
been suggested as causes for frog extirpations in other areas (Corn and Fogelman 1 984,
Hammerson 1982b, Carey 1993, Leonard e^ a/. 1993).

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G4 S4.

Occurrences of Rana pretiosa on or near the Lewis Si Clark National Forest

• 1933-34 data
^ Mussum spsclmsns

"\j^

Sp»cl«s locations from thi« Montana Natural Harltaga Pro<grann, 2/19/95

■t I ■ b' [TIBf^.lc ID jC [TV

Spotted Frog (Ranapretiosd)

Description: The adult has a snout-vent length of 2-4" . Adults are dark to light brown, gray, or olive
green with dark spots (frequently with lighter centers) found on the back, sides and legs. The
number and pattern of spotting is quite variable. The back and sides are often covered with small
bumps. The underside of the legs is bright red, salmon, or orange; this bright color may extend up
to the chin or be replaced by a light, mottled gray on the chin, chest, and/or belly. In younger
subadults, bright leg color is often lacking and instead a light, lemon-colored wash is present. In
these subadults there is often a dark mask present, with a light jaw stripe extending to the shoulder;
both the mask and jaw stripe may be less obvious in larger, older animals.
Eggs and Tadpoles: Eggs are laid in large, globular masses of 1 50-500 at the surface of the
water. The tadpoles are dark green to brown on top with some gold flecking whereas the underside
has an iridescent bronze or silver color. Total length of tadpoles may reach 3 " ; the eyes are located
on top of the head.

Similar species: The bright-colored pigment on the undersides of the adultis legs distinguish this species
from all other frogs in Montana. Younger individuals, without colored legs, may usually be
distinguished from other frogs by a combination of 1) dorsal spots usually present but not
surrounded by light-colored halos; 2) dorsolateral folds present; 3) toes without pads at the tips;
and 4) a pale gray, (rather than white) belly.

Habitat and Habits: Spotted Frogs are regularly found at the waterls edge in openings within forest
habitats. Wetlands in or near treeline are also used, but populations are uncommon in the large,
open intermountain valleys. The Spotted Frog was commonly found on both divisions of the
L&CNF from just above the prairie edge at 4860 ft. to over 7400 ft elevations near timberline.
Individuals were found in every type of wetland habitat, although numbers varied widely from one to
25 or more per site. Breeding takes place in lakes, ponds (temporary and permanent), springs, and
occasionally backwaters or beaver ponds in streams. All the egg masses in a particular pond are
often found in the same location at the margin of the pond; therefore, the eggs are susceptible to
drying up if pond levels recede substantially before hatching. Both eggs and recently hatched-
tadpoles were found 27 May 94 at a pond near Wood Creek. Tadpoles were seen from the
earliest survey on 27 May 94 to the latest survey on 9 July 94; at that date they seemed a few
weeks from metamorphosis. Eggs hatch in 2-3 weeks and tadpoles take 2-14 months to meta-
morphose, depending on water temperature (Nussbaum etal 1983, Turner 1958). Young and adult
frogs often disperse into marsh and forest habitats but are not usually found far from open water

Surveying: Adults, tadpoles, and eggs are easily seen in and along the water during the day and can be
sampled with a dipnet; adults may also be captured by hand. Many adults may leave the breeding
ponds following egg laying and move to nearby feeding areas for the summer Tadpoles are difficult
to distinguish from those of the Northern Leopard Frog in areas where the two species overlap.

Status: The most common frog on the L&CNF and in western Montana. It was observed on the
RMRD, and the Little Belt, Crazy, and Castle Mountains of the Jefferson Division, however few
breeding location are known at this time and, if found, should be reported. It was not seen in the
Highwood or Snowy Mountains; any sightings from those mountain ranges should be reported. The
species is currently a U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Category 2 Candidate species in Montana;
elsewhere in its range it is listed as a C-1, with Threatened/Endangered status warranted but
precluded by work on higher priority species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1993). Significant
declines are known from the southern end of the range (Nevada, southern Idaho, Utah). While
significant declines are also apparent in coastal Washington (McAllister et al. 1 993), Oregon, and
California, recent (as yet unpublished) research indicates that those populations are actually a
different species.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G4 S4.

Occurrences of Thamnophia elegans on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

"A,^-^

«•

* 1993-34 date
O PiB.1^Sl3 data
V Museum specimens

'^sJ-

Sfhscias locitjons from ttis M'Dntar>B Natural HBritaQie Progrsm, 2i2SiS^

atninmptMiB.einf

Western Terrestrial Garter Snake {Thamnophis elegans)

Description: Adult Western Terrestrial (or Wandering) Garter Snakes are smaller inbody size than the
Common Garter Snake, their length varying from 1 8-43 " . Three yellow longitudinal stripes are
present (one dorsal, two lateral), but the dorsal stripe is much narrower than that of the Common
Garter Snake. A distinctive feature of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake is a series of alternating
black spots which run the length of the body between, and somewhat on, the yellow stripes. The
background color between the stripes tends to be more gray compared to the dark brown found in
the Common Garter Snake. The ventral surface has a series of dark black/brown blotches which
may cover most of the surface. The dorsal scales are keeled and there are normally 8 upper labial
scales.
Young: The coloration of young snakes is similar to that of the adults; young are live-bom.

Similar species: See Common and Plains Garter Snakes.

Habitat and Habits: The habitat and habits of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake are similar to the
Common Garter Snake, i.e., they are found in most habitats but are particularly common around
wetlands. On the L&CNF the species was found between 5000 ft and 6000 ft but probably
occurs much lower and higher Females give birth to 4- 1 9 young during the summer (Stebbins
1985).

Surveying: Timed sight surveys may be conducted around wetlands and riparian feeding areas or at
denning areas where higher concentrations of garter snakes occur; clear mornings are the best
survey times. Much distributional information may come from recording incidental sightings. More
intensive research may be done using funnel traps in combination with drift fences. More intensive
research and survey projects may use mark-recapture or radiotelemetry techniques.

Status: Westem Terrestrial Garter Snakes were found in the RMRD, Little Belt Mountains, and Big
Snowy Mountains of the L&CNF. There is also a historic record of them from the Highwood
Mountains in additional to historic records from all ranges where they were found in 1994. Given
the small number of records from throughout the area, all records should be documented until the
distribution is better understood; of particular interest would be documentation of denning sites.
Sightings oi elegans from the Castle, Crazy, and Little Snowy Mountains should be documented to
confirm their presence in those ranges.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5.

Occurrences of Thamnophis sirtalis on or near the Lewis & Clerk National Forest

^' Pro- 1993 datB

Specie? iDSBtiors from \h9 Monlsne NetuFsl Herrtsge ProBrem, Zf2@fB^

«iHMlfl|MAC^S,C>Iip

Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sir talis)

Description: The Common Garter Snake consists of two color phases in western Montana, both
ranging from 18-52" inlength. Both phases have three yellow longitudinal stripes: one located
dorsally and one on each side. Between the yellow stripes is a black stripe broken with red spots in
one color phase but lacking red in the other Ventral coloration varies from yellow to bluish, and
some individuals of the red-sided color phase have small black spots on the edge of the ventral
scales. The dorsal scales are keeled, and normally there are 7 upper labial scales.
Young: The coloration of young snakes is similar to that of the adults; young are live-bom.

Similar species: The Western Terrestrial Garter Snake has black spots overlapping the dorsal yellow
stripe; the background color between stripes tends to be brownish. The Plains Garter Snake has the
side yellow stripe on the 3rd and 4th scale rows above the belly scales and the dorsal stripe is often
orange or red.

Habitat and Habits: Garter snakes are found in all forest habitats but are more common at lower

elevations around marsh-bog-pond situations, where they prey on young fish, frogs, toads, mice and
invertebrates. They are sometimes confused with water snakes because of their frequent aquatic
exploits, but there are no true water snakes in Montana. Typical of most garter snakes, they emit a
noxious secretion when handled and can be aggressive when disturbed. The Common Garter was
found between 4 1 00 ft to 5 540 ft on or near the L&CNF, but they are likely to occur at lower and
much higher elevations. Garter snakes eat a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates, with the
Common Garter Snake concentrating more on amphibians than the Western Terrestrial Garter
Snake. The Common Garter Snake is a live-bearer giving birth to 12- 1 8 young during the summer
in Colorado (Hammerson 1982a).

Surveying: Timed-sight surveys may be conducted around wetlands and riparian feeding areas or at
denning areas where higher concentrations of garter snakes occur; clear mornings are the best
survey times. Much distributional information may come from recording incidental sightings. More
intensive research may be done using funnel traps in combination with drift fences. More intensive
research and survey projects may use mark-recapture or radiotelemetry techniques.

Status: Common Garter Snakes were found in the RMRD and Little Belt Mountains of the L&CNF.
There is also a historic record of them from the Highwood Mountains. Given the small number of
records from throughout the area, all records should be documented until the distribution is better
understood; of particular interest would be documentation of denning sites. Sightings ofsirtalis
from the Castle, Crazy, and Snowy Mountains should be documented to confirm their presence in
those ranges. Only the red-sided color phase was observed in the present survey, however the
color phase lacking red spots should be watched for. The relative abundance of this species in this
area compared to the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake i s not yet clear; in northwestern Montana
the Common Garter Snake is currently much less abundant.

MontanaNatural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5.

Occurrences of Ambvstoma tigrinum on or near the Lewis & Clerk Natforval Forest

'W 'n:^ ^

• 1933^94 data

■^ Prfl-1993 data

V Museum ^p$cirrar9£

Species Eocations from ttia Mootena Natural Merrta^e ProgrsfTt, 2^28/95

titowhi Bpiyie 3 , em p

Species Potentially Present on the Lewis and Clark National Forest

Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum)

Description: Adults have a smooth moist skin without scales and the color pattern is highly variable;
usually the background color is dark, with lighter blotches of yellow, tan or green. The adult is large
and heavy-bodied with a snout-vent length of 3 -6" .

Eggs and Larvae: Egg masses are typically laid in small clusters of 5-120, but may be laid singly
(Nussbaume^a/. 1983, Leonard e^ a/. 1993). They are usually attached to vegetation and placed
2"- 1 0" below the surface of the water (Hammerson 1 982a). Larval Tiger Salamanders are typically
pale green or brown-colored, though some are nearly white in bentonite clay ponds. They are
found in lakes and ponds, have external gills, and are relatively large (0.75-4" snout-vent) and
heavy-bodied.

Similar species: Adult Tiger Salamanders have two prominent tubercles on the bottom of each hind foot
which Idaho Giant Salamanders lack. Idaho Giant Salamanders also have a more marbled color
pattern and a very large head.

Habitat and Habits: Tiger Salamanders in Montana are primarily associated with prairie or agricultural
habitats in eastern Montana. They breed in ponds or lakes, usually those without fish present. In
arid areas they may also be found in springs, intermittent streams, and stock ponds. In Blue Lake,
Madison County, Montana, eggs are laid from early June to mid- August, hatched in about 2 weeks,
and metamorphosed after more than a year (Micken 1 968, 1971). In Colorado and Wyoming egg
laying takes place from mid-March to mid- August (Hammerson 1 982a, Baxter and Stone 1985).
Eggs hatch in 2-5 weeks in Colorado and metamorphosis occurs after 2-24 months (Hammerson
1 982a). Following breeding, adults may remain in the pond or may move to upland areas and live
in burrows of their own or in those of other animals. In some locations, such as Blue Lake in
Madison County, larval salamanders never transform, but rather become sexually mature and breed
while still retaining external gills. This process is referred to as neoteny and these salamanders are
called iaxolotlsi or iwater dogs.i

Surveying: Larvae and eggs may be seen in ponds during the day and may be sampled with a dipnet.
In areas where larvae transform, migrations of hundreds or thousands of newly transformed adults
are occasionally seen in mid to late summer or in early fall. During the breeding season, adults are
often seen in the water or moving to or away from it. Pitfall and minnow traps may be used at this
time to capture adults. The rest of the summer adults are difficult to find; the best techniques may be
pitfall traps or driving roads on warm rainy nights.

Status: The most common salamander in eastern Montana. They have not yet been found on the
L&CNF, but there are records of larvae from ponds just south of the Castle Mountains (north of
Lennep) and from Pine Butte Swamp Preserve, just east of the RMRD. They should be surveyed
for in low elevation ponds and lakes, particularly those without fish and within grassland habitats.
Any located on the L&CNF should be documented.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S5 .

Occurrences of Bufo cognatus on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

• 19S3 84 date

^ Pra-1993 data ^^

"V" Museum spicimens

Spflcifts kttitions from this Montana Natural Haritaga PfAgrdm. lf2&fSS

■ri isJ mapd^ c 9 .m^

Great Plains Toad {Biifo cognatiis)

Description: Adults have dry skin with small warts. The coloration is dominated by a number of large,
dark, somewhat symmetrical spots surrounded by light edges on the back. The dorsal background
color is gray, light brown or olive green. The Great Plains Toad has converging V-shaped cranial
crests between the eyes and post-orbital crests connecting to them at a right angle behind the eyes;
the post-orbital crests typically touch the parotoid glands. The pupils are horizontal. The adult has
two black tubercles on the hind feet and a body length of 2-3 . 5 " .
Eggs and Tadpoles: Similar to the Western Toad.

Similar species: Other Montana toads lack the somewhat symmetrical spotted pattern on the back.
NOTE: It is very difficult to distinguish among the four Montana toad species in recently
transformed toadlets.

Habitat and Habits: Adults may favor higher elevation grasslands than Woodhousels Toad which favors
floodplains (Bragg 1940, Timkin and Dunlap 1965, Black 1970). They have also been found in
agricultural areas and open Ponderosa pine savannahs in southeastern Montana (Black 1 970).
They are most active at night, spend much of the year underground, and emerge in response to
warm rains (Hammerson 1 982a). They normally breed in temporary ponds resulting from heavy
rains or irrigation runoff or reservoirs with much fluctuation (Bragg 1 940, Hammerson 1 982a). In
Montana they apparently breed from May to July (Black 1970). Females lay strings of eggs which
hatch after 2-3 days (Hammerson 1982a). Youngtypically metamorphose after about 1.5 months,
although metamorphosis has been reported in as little as 17 days (Hahn 1968, Hammerson 1982a).

Surveying: Adults may be found by listening for their loud calls on warm (>60° F) nights following
heavy rains (Hammerson 1982a). iRoad huntingi on warm nights may also be effective. Eggs and
tadpoles are seen in ponds during the day and can be sampled with a dipnet; however, identification
of toad eggs and tadpoles is difficult or impossible in the field.

Status: Notyet found on the L&CNF, but known from the prairie region about 70 miles north of the
Highwood Mountains. Occurs in localized areas in eastern Montana, with large gaps in its known
range. Geographic and habitat relationships with other toads in Montana are not well known. The
Great Plains Toad should be watched for at low elevations in prairie or shrub-steppe habitat on the
L&CNF, especially on the Jefferson Division. Any located on the L&CNF should be well
documented with a description indicating how the species was differentiated.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S4.

Occurrences of Byfo woodhousii on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

• 13^5-94 data

^ Prih1993 daid

"V Mufi9jm specimens

Sjjscies locstdDna fram tlia Montana Natufal MflritigB P^grern, 2/2S/9E

«lBD^D0fc'le1 1

Woodhouseis Toad {Bufowoodhousii)

Description: Adults have dry skin with small warts, and are gray, brown, or olive-green with paler
mottling or spots. Aprominent white or yellowish line runs down the center of the back; very young
transformed toads typically lack the dorsal line, and the warts are often red-brown in color
Woodhouseis Toad has parallel cranial crests between the eyes and post-orbital crests connecting
to them at a right angle behind the eyes; the post-orbital crests typically touch the parotoid glands.
If a lump-like boss is present on the snout, it does not extend back between the eyes. The pupils
are horizontal. The adult has two black tubercles on the hind feet and a body length of 2.5-4" .
Eggs and Tadpoles: Similar to those of the Western Toad.

Similar species: Western Toad lacks cranial crests. Great Plains Toad has large, white-bordered, dark,
dorsal blotches. The Canadian Toad has a lump between the eyes; frequently the parotoid gland is
separated from the post-orbital crest which may be broken or absent. NOTE: It is very difficult to
distinguish among the four Montana toad species in recently transformed toadlets.

Habitat and Habits: Adults are partially terrestrial but often found near water They are usually found in
irrigated agricultural areas and flood plains, rather than the more upland areas used by Great Plains
Toads (Bragg 1940, Timkin andDunlap 1965, Black 1970). They are most active at night,
although they may at times ben found feeding during the day (Hammerson 1 982a). They typically
breed in permanent lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and slow streams, with a preference for shallow areas
with mud bottoms (Black 1970, Hammerson 1982a, Baxter and Stone 1985). Breeding and egg
laying is spread out over the spring and early summer, with known dates from Montana ranging from
4 May to 1 July (Black 1970).

Surveying: Adults may easily be found by using their loud calls for identification on warm (>54° F)

nights; calling peaks during the first few hours after sunset (Hammerson 1 982a). iRoad huntingi on
warm nights may also be effective. Eggs and tadpoles are seen in ponds during the day and can be
sampled with a dipnet; however, identification of toad eggs and tadpoles is difficult or impossible in
the field.

Status: Not known from theL&CNF; the nearest known record, collected in 1918, is from about 30
miles southeast of the Little Snowy Mountains, 1 mile west of Kline. Woodhouseis Toad is
relatively common in southeastern Montana, however, its status elsewhere in the state is unclear
Geographic and habitat relationships with other toads in Montana are not well known. It should be
watched for at low elevations in prairie or shrub-steppe habitat on the L&CNF, especially in the
Jefferson Division; it could occur along the Smith River. Any located on the L&CNF should be well
documented with a description indicating how the species was differentiated.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S4.

Occurrences of Scaphiopus bombifrons on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

• 1993 94 data
■ ' Fhre-1993 date

Spaelas liicptlcwia frafn Ihe MpnTsne Natural Hefiteigie Ptosrafn, 2/23/96

nlak/maiM^lel Bxnp

Plains Spadefoot {Scaphiopus [=Spea] bombifrons)

Description: Adults are colored gray or brown with darker mottling on the back and a white belly.
Some individuals have indistinct longitudinal streaking. The pupils of the Plains Spadefoot are
vertically elliptical and there is a high, hard lump between the eyes. Its skin is less warty than true
toads. The adult has a single tubercle on the hind feet and has a body length of less than 2.5".
Eggs and Tadpoles: Oval egg masses of 1 0-250 eggs are attached to underwater plants or
debris. Tadpoles are mottled sooty and olive-yellow above and paler below with gold metallic
flecking over all; iris is gold.

Similar species: Other Montana frogs and toads have round or horizontally elliptical pupils.

Habitat and Habits: Adults are found in grassland and sagebrush areas, particularly in areas with sandy
or loose soil (Wheeler and Wheeler 1966, Hammerson 1982a, Baxter and Stone 1985). Except
during breeding, they are seldom found in the water They are primarily nocturnal and emerge
from their burrows only following heavy rains. They breed in shallow temporary pools usually
following heavy spring or summer rains (Hammerson 1 982a). Males call loudly, with groups being
heard for up to a mile. Eggs hatch after 2-3 days and tadpoles transform in 6- 1 weeks (Wheeler
and Wheeler 1966, Hammerson 1982a).

Surveying: Adults may be easily found by using their calls for identification when breeding at night or
by iroad huntingi on warm, rainy nights. Calling normally takes place only when the temperature
is >50° F (Hammerson 1982). Tadpoles are seen in ponds during the day and can be sampled
with a dipnet. Surveying is complicated by the long time periods which this species spends
underground, especially during droughts.

Status: The Plains Spadefoot is not known from L&CNF lands; the nearest records are from
Cascade County about 20-30 miles west of the Highwood Mountains, WNW of the Little Belt
Mountains, and in Great Falls. Locally common in eastern Montana; there are large gaps in the
known range. It should be watched for at low elevations in prairie or shrub-steppe habitat on the
L&CNF, especially the Jefferson Division. Any located on the L&CNF should be well-
documented.

Montana Natural Heritage Program rank: G5 S4?

Occurrences of Chrysemys picta on or near tha Lewis 8l Clark National Forest

* 1993^94 data
C> Pra-1993 data
V* Museum specimens

Species k»c«tl9ris from the Mcnitene Natural MsritPfe Prpsrpnip 2f2BfB^B

^i1 B ■ ^mBpa^'tc 2 3 . cmp

Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)

Description: Adult Painted Turtles have a relatively flat dorsal shell, or carapace, the length of which
may reach 9" in females and 7" in males. The background color of the shell may be dark brown,
olive, or black. A series of short, irregular yellow lines are often scattered across the shell, and a
red and black border forms the outer edge. The ventral shell, or plastron, is red with a centrally-
located yellow and black blotch with edges flaring out along the border of the scutes. The edge of
the plastron also has a series of black and yellow blotches. The head, neck, and legs are marked
with yellow lines and a red spot appears behind the eye. Very dark colored individuals are
occasionally found. Males are distinguished by longer front claws and longer tails with the anus
posterior to the margin of the carapace (Ernst et al. 1 994).

Eggs and Young: The elliptical, white, soft-shelled eggs are about 28-3 5 mm in length and 1 6-23
mm in width (Ernst et al. 1 994). They typically number 6-23 per clutch. Coloration of young
Painted Turtles is more vibrant and the shell is not quite as flattened as adults.

Similar Species: None.

Habitat and Habits: Painted Turtles are active during the day and are rarely seen far from ponds, lakes,
or the slow-moving water of streams. Adults are primarily herbivorous, feeding on a variety of
aquatic plants, but will also scavenge on animal remains. Eggs are usually laid within 1 0-20 feet of
the waterls edge, although some individuals will travel up to 600 m seeking a suitable site. During
egg-laying, the female excavates a hole with her hind feet and deposits the eggs, which are then
covered by several inches of dirt. Predation on turtle eggs by raccoons, skunks, etc. is common,
and shell fragments are evidence of such activity. Female Painted Turtles may lay more than one
clutch of eggs each summer. Young borne of late egg depositions overwinter in the nest and do not
emerge until the following spring (Ernst etal 1 994). Once females lay their eggs, they return to the
pond, where they can often be seen basking on logs or rocks along with juveniles and males.
Painted Turtles are sexually mature at 3-5 years of age and may live to be 30 years or older (Ernst
etal. 1994).

Surveying: Although various turtle traps can be used for surveys, visual identification is suitable for
presence/absence studies since the three turtle species in Montana are easily distinguished. Basking
peaks at different times during the day, depending on season and location; in the northern states and
Canada it generally peaks in the morning. Surveys should be done on sunny days with a pair of
binoculars. During cold or cloudy weather, turtles tend to remain underwater for long periods and
can be missed on a walk-through survey.

Status: Painted Turtles are locally quite common in Montana at lower elevations. They were not found
on the L&CNF, but were seen only a few miles east of the RMRD. There has been some concern
about Painted Turtle populations nationally, and whether declines have occurred in Montana is
unknown. It should be watched for particularly at lower elevations in ponds in open forest, prairie
or shrub-steppe habitat on the L&CNF. Any animals located should be documented.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5 .

Occurrenoea of Trjonyx spintf^rus on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

■ 1933-54 data
Pre- 1993 dBfU

>i^ Mijuuin spaclmflns

Spfi<:J^fi l4?Btl0nS twrr Itia M^intar? Natural Herrt^te Prflgrpjiip 2/2S/9S

«rlBuAii«fiB^?9',i;niil

Spiny Softshell (Trionyx spiniferiis) {=Apalone spinifera)

Description: Spiny Soft-shells have flexible, leathery shells. The carapace is olive-gray, marked with
dark spots. The plastron is white or light cream-colored. Female carapace length is up to 1 8
inches or more, whereas males are typically 6-8 inches. The nostrils are terminal, allowing this turtle
to remain entirely beneath the surface and take air through its isnorkel.T

Eggs and Young: The nest is a flask-shaped excavation containing 4-39 (typically 12-18) hard-
shelled, spherical, white eggs. The individual eggs range in size from 24-32 mm in diameter and
average about 28 mm. Hatchlings resemble adults and are 30-40 mm in shell length (Ernst etal.
1994).

Similar Species: None.

Habits and Habitat: Spiny Softshells are active during the day. This highly aquatic turtle is found in
rivers or their connecting backwaters with muddy or sandy bottoms. Unlike other Montana turtles,
they do not move overland from one water body to another. Mud and sand banks and bars are
used for both basking and nesting. Hibernation takes place beneath the water, usually beneath 5-10
cm of bottom substrate (Ernst et al. 1 994). The retracted head and neck combines with the profile
of the shell to produce a wedge shape, which allows this turtle to escape by literally diving into the
bottom mud. If necessary, additional strokes of the legs will completely bury it in the substrate,
hidden from view. Food items include fish, crayfish, frogs, toads, aquatic insects, and carrion.
Spiny Soft-shells have a surprisingly long, agile neck and can inflict a painful bite. They can be
safely handled by grasping the shell on each side between the front and rear legs with the head
pointing away from the captor.

Surveying: Although various turtle traps can be used for surveys, visual identification is suitable since the
three turtle species in Montana are easily distinguished . Apair of binoculars is helpful and surveys
should be done on warm sunny days; basking seldom takes place before 10:00 a.m. (Ernst etal.
1 994). During cold or cloudy weather, turtles tend to remain underwater for long periods and can
be missed on a walk-through survey. Care should be taken to watch for the snorkel -like nostrils
projecting just above the surface of the water.

Status and Distribution: Found mainly in the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers and their maj or

tributaries. These populations may be separated from each other and are believed to be disjunct
form the population in South Dakota (Ernst et al. 1 994); they have not been reported from North
Dakota (Wheeler and Wheeler 1 966). The Missouri River population is known from the tail of Fort
Peck Reservoir upstream to the first dam above, and from most of the Mussellshell River; their
presence on other tributaries is presently unknown. They have been reported from the Mussellshell
River to just southeast of the Little Belt Mountains and should be watched for in the Mussellshell,
Judith, and Smith Rivers on the L&CNF. Any located on the L&CNF should be documented and
reported. Considered a Species of Special Concern in Montana.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S3. Species of Special Concern.

Occ:urfences of Phrynosoma douglasi on or near the Lewis Et Clark National Forest

«-

• 1$a3'S>4 data
'^ Pre- 1993 data

1 1

iffi^iij

Specffis loc4tfon» fivm the Montana Natural Hsrltage Program, 2/26/9^5

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Short-horned Lizard (Phrynosoma douglasi)

Description: The Short-homed lizard has a broad, somewhat flatted body and relatively short limbs and
tail. It is generally tan to gray with dark and light spots and blotches; the belly is white. There is a
distinctive line of pointed scales along each side and the head has short, blunt ihornsT pointing
backward. Adult lizards range from 1 . 7 - 5 . 5 " in length.
Young: Young are live-bom and resemble small adults.

Similar species: None.

Habitat and Habits: The Short-horned lizard is found in a variety of habitats, including dry open forests,
grasslands, and sagebrush; the soil is usually loose or sandy. In firmer soil situations it may use the
burrows of other animals. It is active during the day, typically with the peak of activity in mid-late
moming. A Short-horned Lizard may squirt blood from its eyes when disturbed. Little is known
about reproduction in this part of the range; young are bom in late summer Ants are the primary
food of the species.

Surveying: They may be surveyed for by slowly walking through appropriate habitat and carefully
watching for them; look carefully near ant mounds; this technique has low success with Short-
homed Lizards however As with many lizards and snakes, they are easily missed. Carefully
documented incidental observations may provide the best clues to their distribution. They may be
also taken in pitfall or funnel traps in combination with drift fences.

Status: Widely distributed (but apparently localized) in eastem Montana. This species may be

vulnerable to collecting for the pet trade and agricultural conversion of native habitats. The Short-
homed Lizard subspecies found in Montana {P. d. brevirostrd) is currently a U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service Category 2 Candidate species (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1 994). In the vicinity of the
L&CNF it has been found at breaks west of Ulm, Egg Mountain on Nature Conservancy land,
north of the Highwood Mountains, and near Harlowton southeast of the Little Belt Mountains. It
should be watched for in open pine, prairie, or shrub-steppe habitat with loose or sandy soils at
lower elevations on the L&CNF; any sightings should be documented.

MontanaNatural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S4.

Occurrences of Charina bottae on or near tha Law is & Clark National Forest

1993-94 data
Pre- 1993 dPtfl

Specie^ iDcatifjTis ffdm tha ManTana Nature] N^ritaga PrDgrsm, Zf^^fBB

ii^^«fiiAt34ciV

Rubber Boa (Charina bottae)

Description: The Rubber Boa looks and feels like mbber, hence its name. It is a small snake (14-33"
length), stout, and uniformly-colored either brown or green on the dorsal side. The ventral surface
is cream to tan in color. The scales are small and smooth, except for those on the head which are
enlarged. The tail is short and blunt and the eyes are very small. It is a very slow moving snake
which can easily be caught if detected.

Young: Rubber Boas are born alive and young are more tan (or even pinkish) than the adults on
both the dorsal and ventral surfaces.

Similar species: The Racer is much quicker and more active, has larger eyes, and a thin, tapered (not
blunt) tail.

Habitat and Habits: The Rubber Boa is a secretive, slow-moving, docile snake, usually found under
logs and rocks in either moist or dry forest habitats, but rarely in marsh or bog situations. Denning
locations are typically in areas with fractured rock; recent data indicates it only moves short
distances from its den (Peterson pers. comm). Occasionally this snake is seen sunning itself on a
road, trail, or open area, but it is primarily nocturnal. Feeding is primarily on small mice, but also on
shrews, salamanders, snakes and lizards. Two to eight young are bom alive in late summer or early
fall.

Surveying: There are no practical methods for surveying other than systematic searches of a given area
rolling over rocks, logs, etc. Driving roads at night, particularly after a rain when the temperature is
> 1 0° C, may be more effective, especially on roads which follow a stream. Previous sightings are
of value in locating general areas of activity and denning sites. Funnel traps may be effective.

Status: Sightings of Rubber Boas are infrequent, but they are widely distributed and probably common
throughout western Montana. They were not found during this survey, nor are there historic records
of their presence in the L&CNF. However, they probably do occur throughout the RMRD of the
L&CNF at low to mid-elevations. They should be watched for on the L&CNF; any sightings
should be documented. Of particular interest would be any reports of this species from the
Jefferson Division or documentation of any denning sites located.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S4.

Occurrences of Coluber constrictor on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

Species locaticms from the Mortana Natural Herrtage Prograni, 2/28/95

■tinnAn^H^St .cmp

Racer {Coluber constrictor)

Description: A slender, but moderately long snake, the Racer ranges from 20-65 inches in length. Adult
coloration is uniform across the dorsal side but it can vary from a greenish-gray to brown or blue.
The ventral side is whitish to pale yellow, the latter color extending onto the upper lip scales and
nasal region. The eyes are relatively large. The scales are smooth and the nostril is bordered by
two scales.

Young: Snakes (up to about 20") have a much different coloration than the adults consisting of a
series of dorsal brown blotches edged with black which run the length of the animal; a row of
blotches is also found on each side of the animal extending onto the ventral side.

Similar species: Young Gopher Snakes may be distinguished by the keeled rather than smooth scales of
the young Racer Young Western Hognose Snakes have an upturned nose. Smooth Green Snakes
are smaller and colored bright grass-green and whitish below; their nostrils are centered in single
scales. Also see Rubber Boa.

Habitat and Habits: The Racer is associated with more open habitats either in shortgrass, shrub-steppe,
or forested areas (Hammerson 1982a, Baxter and Stone 1985). It is often found near water and
rocks. The Racer is an extremely fast and agile snake. A clutch of perhaps 3-7 eggs is laid in the
summer (Stebbins 1 985). It preys on insects and small vertebrates such as mice and frogs.

Surveying: They may be surveyed for by slowly walking through appropriate habitat on warm, sunny
days and carefully watching for them; this technique is moderately effective for the Racer However,
as with many lizards and snakes, they may easily be missed. Carefully documented incidental
observations may provide the best clues to their distribution. They may be also taken in funnel traps
with drift fences. Mark-recapture methods offer the best opportunity for determining population
status.

Status: The Racer was not seen in this survey nor are there historic records from the L&CNF.

However they are known just to the south of the RMRD and from about 25 miles west of the Little
Belt Mountains. They probably do occur on the L&CNF at low to mid-elevations; any sightings
should be documented. Of particular interest would be documentation of any denning sites located.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5.

• 1993-94 dMx

V" MuMurrv specimieris

Occurrences of Heterodon nasicuB on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

Speelas locatk^nt trtym tha Montana Natural Hsrltags Program, 2i2B}QB

EtJ uMivaJk 3 2 jDirv

Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus)

Description: The Western Hognose Snake is a mid-sized, heavy-bodied snake reaching 32" . The dorsal
ground color is yellowish- to grayish-brown, with 3 rows of darker brown to black blotches run
down the back. The belly is dark gray to black, sometimes checkered. Its nose has a keel on the
top and is upturned.

Eggs andYoimg: Eggs are white and elliptical, with thin, papery shells; length averages 32.5 mm
(26-38 mm) and width 18 mm (14-23 mm). Young are 139-197 mm at hatching and are similar in
color and pattern to adults (Piatt 1969).

Similar Species: No other Montana snake has a keeled nose. Coloration is similar to both the Gopher
Snake, Western Rattlesnake and juvenile Racer

Habits and Habitat: The Western Hognose Snake is found on the plains of eastern Montana. It seems
to prefer arid areas, farmlands and floodplains, and particularly areas of gravelly or sandy, loose
soil. The keeled, or shovel -like, nose is thought to help it to dig down to its food, which it finds by
smell. Apparently toads are its preferred food, though frogs, insects, and other small animals are
also eaten (Piatt 1 969). It is active primarily during the daylight hours. Little is known of
reproduction in Montana. In Kansas, Western Hognose Snakes typically lay clutches of 7- 1 5 eggs
(Piatt 1 969). It is likely that a female will only breed every other year in Montana.

The Hognose is famous for its behavior in the face of a threat. At first it will puff up its neck, as
does a cobra, and hiss and strike at its enemy. However, this is all a bluff and very rarely will it
actually bite. If this threatening strategy does not work, it will pretend to die. It appears to go into
convulsions, writhing on the ground, sticking its mouth in the dirt, and eventually rolling on its back
and going into a trance that makes it appear to be dead. If turned right-side-up, it will roll back
over and continue its deception. If left alone for a few minutes, it will right itself and continue on its
way. The initial aggressive display and basic rattlesnake-like coloration cause many to be killed
needlessly by people who mistakenly believe it to be venomous.

Surveying: They may be surveyed for by slowly walking through appropriate habitat and carefully
watching for them; timing surveys for warm sunny days enhances sampling success. However, as
with many lizards and snakes, they may easily be missed. Carefully documented incidental
observations may provide the best clues to their distribution. They may be also taken in pitfall or
funnel traps with drift fences. Mark-recapture methods offer the best opportunity for determining
population status.

Status: They were not found during this survey, nor are there historic records of their presence in the
L&CNF. However, they may occur on the L&CNF at low to mid-elevations, particularly in sandy
or loose soil areas. The nearest location to the L&CNF is from central Teton County about 30
miles east of the RMRD. They should be watched for on the L&CNF; any sightings should be
documented. We have relatively few reports of the Western Hognose Snake from Montana. It is
collected for the pet trade, and populations may be vulnerable to commercial collectors.
Additionally, since toads are its preferred food, any decline in toad populations would be expected
to negatively impact Western Hognose Snakes. Of particular interest would be documentation of
any denning sites located.

MontanaNatural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S3? Species of Special Concern.

Occurrences of Pituophia catenifer on or near the Lewii^ & Clark National Forest

■■.'"vx;

• 1993-94 data
^ Pr*-1S93 data
V^ MuseLiin spa&iiria.na

SpQCise Eflcationg, Trqm ttie Momtera Natural Herrtage ProBrarrir 2j'2S/95

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Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer [=melanoleiicus])

Description: Montanals largest snake, the adult Gopher Snake (also called Bullsnake or Pine Snake)
can reach a total length of 7 feet, but most specimens seen in western Montana range between 3-5
feet. It is readily recognized by a series of large black to brown blotches which run down the back,
and another series along the sides. The blotches, which are set on a yellow background, become
more widely spaced and darker towards the tail . The dorsal scales are keeled. There is usually a
black band on the head located in front of and extending below the eyes. The ventral coloration is
yellow to white, often spotted with black, and the anal plate is undivided.

Eggs and Young: Gopher Snakes lay between 2-24 eggs during the summer months (Hammerson
1 982a), and the young resemble the adults in coloration.

Similar species: Young Racers have a black border on dark blotches and the scales are not keeled.
Young Western Hognose Snakes have an upturned nose. Western Rattlesnakes have a rattle on
their tail and triangular shaped heads.

Habitat and Habits: Gopher Snakes are associated with dry, arid habitats including grassland, shrub-
steppe, and open pine forest. They feed on rodents, rabbits and ground dwelling birds, and to a
lesser extent on frogs, toads, etc., found around stock ponds and other wetlands. They have a habit
of hissing and vibrating the tail when alarmed, often sounding like rattlesnakes. They occasionally
climb trees, hence the common name iPine Snake.T

Surveying: Walk-through surveys, done on a regular basis in warm, sunny weather probably give the
best results without resorting to trapping techniques. They are most easily found near dens in the
spring and fall. Funnel trapping is effective and they may occasionally be found by night driving
during the mid-summer Data can be enhanced by mark-recapture techniques.

Status: The Gopher Snake was not seen in this survey nor are there historic records from the L&CNF.
However they are known from lower elevation areas on the plains adj acent to the forest. They
probably do occur on the L&CNF at low to mid-elevations; any sightings should be documented.
Of particular interest would be documentation of any denning sites located.

Montana Natural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S5 .

OcGurrances of Thamnophis radix on or near the Lewis Si Clark National Forest

• 1993-94 deu
O Pr«-1S93 data

'V Museum spscimens

Speclas locations Itinti the Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2/2Q/9&

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Plains Garter Snake {Thamnophis radix)

Description: The Plains Garter Snake ranges in size from 16-42" in length and has a dorsal background
color of olive, brown, or black. It has a prominent orange or yellow dorsal stripe and a greenish-
yellow stripe on each side located on the 3rd and 4th scale rows above the belly scales. It typically
has black vertical bars on the upper lips.
Young: Young resemble adults.

Similar species: The other garter snakes found in Montana have the lateral yellow lines on the 2nd and
3rd scale rows above the belly scales.

Habitat and Habits: The habitat and habits of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake are similar to those
of the Common Garter Snake.

Surveying: Timed sight surveys may be conducted around wetlands and riparian feeding areas or at
denning areas where higher concentrations of garter snakes occur; clear mornings may be the best
survey times. Much distributional information may come from recording incidental sightings. More
intensive research may be done using funnel traps in combination with drift fences. More intensive
research and survey projects may use mark-recapture or radiotelemetry techniques.

Status: Found over much of eastern Montana. Its status is unclear due to confusion in the identification
of the 3 garter snakes which occur there. In the vicinity of the L&CNF it has been found near
Great Falls and north of the Highwood Mountains. It should be watched for in prairie or shrub-
steppe areas at lower elevation of the L&CNF and any sightings should be well documented with a
description written at the time of observation including how radix was distinguished from the other
garter snakes. Of particular interest would be documentation of any denning sites located.

MontanaNatural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S4.

Occurrences of Crotalus viridis on or near the Lewis & Clark National Forest

• 1993-94 data

V~ Museum ^ecimens

S|j6[^i«5 Igcatiana from Ihe Mttntana Katural Heritage Pirogrem, 2i23i§S

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Western Rattlesnake {Crotalus viridis)

Description: Rattlesnakes have a heat-sensing pit located between the nostril and the eye. The fangs
are hollow and hinged, allowing them to be folded back against the roof of the mouth. The head is
triangular in shape and blunt-nosed. The eyes are slightly elevated. There are several white lines
which run along the side of the head. Adult Western Rattlesnakes have a narrow neck but a stout
body with total length ranging from 1 5-60 inches. The dorsal background color varies from pale
green to brown with a series of brown or black blotches edged with a dark and then light line
extending the length of the body. The blotches often merge into rings on the tail. There are also
blotches on the sides of the body. The ventral side is pale yellow to white and without blotches.
The scales are keeled. The tail ends in a rattle which helps to warn potential predators of the
snakels presence. The young have the same color pattern, but are brighter in color than adults.

Similar species: No other snake in Montana has rattles, but see Racer, Gopher Snake and Western
Hognose Snake which may have similar color patterns.

Habitat and Habits: The Western Rattlesnake is an inhabitant of more open and arid country but it is
also found in Ponderosa pine stands or mixed grass-coniferous forests. It is more likely to be
encountered on south-facing slopes and areas of rock outcrops. It is feared and often needlessly
killed due to its poisonous bite. Rattlesnakes may den in large numbers, moving up to 7 miles out
from the dens during the summer (Peterson, pers. comm.); den sites are most common in south-
facing talus slopes. In Wyoming, it is found at elevations of over 8500 feet (Baxter and Stone
1985). Rattlesnakes prey on a variety of animals including mice, ground squirrels, rabbits,
amphibians, and other snakes. Females give birth to 4-21 young in Colorado during the summer
(Hammerson 1982a).

Surveying: Walk-through surveys on warm sunny days is probably the best method for determining
presence/absence; easiest to find near den sites in spring and fall. Funnel traps and night driving are
both effective techniques. Mark-recapture methods can be used to determine more precise
numbers.

Status: The Western Rattlesnake was not been found in the L&CNF but is known from lower elevation
areas to the north, south, and east. It would most likely be encountered at lower elevations in open
habitats on the Jefferson Division. The habit of denning at traditional sites in large numbers makes
rattlesnakes vulnerable to commercial collecting or simply killing by fearful people. Observations of
Western Rattlesnakes should be reported to document the presence of this species on the L&CNF;
of particular interest would be documentation of any denning sites located.

MontanaNatural Heritage Program Rank: G5 S4.

Rocky Mountain Division Information

Rocky Mountain Division: Two amphibian species were only found on the Rocky Mountain Division
of the L&CNF : the Long-toed Salamander and Tailed Frog. Both species appeared to be more
localized than in areas to the west of the Divide. Additional surveys should be undertaken to determine
how widespread these species are; all incidental observations should be recorded. The Rubber Boa is
likely to be present due to its proximity to known localities to the south and west; whether it will also be
found in the Jefferson Division is unknown.

Other species found during surveys or for which historic locations are known from on the RMRD
include the: Western Toad, Western Chorus Frog, Northern Leopard Frog, Spotted Frog, Western
Terrestrial Garter Snake, and Common Garter Snake. All of these species are also present on the
Jefferson Division. The Western Toad was only found breeding at a single location on the forest; this
may be a function of the small amount of sampling or the apparent decline in much of western Montana.
The breeding location in the backwater^eaver pond on the Teton River at 7 Lazy P Ranch should be
considered for monitoring to see if Western Toads continue to breed there and are successfully reaching
metamorphosis. Western Chorus Frogs, though common at lower elevations outside the L&CNF,
apparently are very uncommon and localized within the forest. No Northern Leopard Frogs were seen
on surveys. However a museum specimen exists from the iSun River, 5500 feeti; this location
information is poor because at 5500 feet the Sun River is split into the maj or forks. While doing
Harlequin surveys. Northern Leopard Frogs should be watched for along the Sun River Substantial
populations of the Spotted Frog were found throughout the RMRD; it was more commonly
encountered than any other amphibian or reptile, though ironically it is one of the two C-2 Candidate
species present on the L&CNF. An ideal marsh-pond area below Wood Lake on Wood Creek might
be considered for long-term monitoring of Spotted Frogs and Long-toed Salamanders; the area to be
monitored would have to be carefully delimited, however, since the area is large. Concerned citizens
might be willing to participate in long-term surveys.

Given the low numbers of locations for any amphibians or reptiles on the RMRD, all sightings of any
species should be recorded. A possible exception would be for Spotted Frogs; however, breeding
locations found should be recorded even for this species until more are known and mapped. Of
particular interest would be records of the following species which have not yet been recorded on the
District: Tiger Salamander, Great Plains Toad, Plains Spadefoot, Painted Turtle, Short-homed Lizard,
Racer, Western Hognose Snake, Gopher Snake, Plains Garter Snake, and Western Rattlesnake. All of
these potentially present species are most likely to be seen at low elevations in open habitat.

Jefferson Division Information

Highwood Mountains : This range is the only Jefferson Division area in which Western Chorus Frogs
are known; they were found by Mike Enk in 1 994 and had been collected in the 1 960s north of the
1 994 location. The Western Chorus Frog is the only herp recently recorded from the Highwoods. The

Western Toad, Northern Leopard Frog, Western Terrestrial Garter Snake, and Common Garter Snake
were all collected along Highwood Creek or Arrow Creek in the 1 960s but were not relocated during
our surveys. Perhaps the best chance of finding the Great Plains Toad on the L&CNF occurs in the
Highwoods, given its known site to the north. Given the meager information available from this range
and at least two species (known to be declining) recorded from historic records but not relocated, all
sightings of amphibians and reptiles are of interest from this range and should be recorded. Baseline
distribution information, particularly for species not yet recorded and breeding sites for known species,
is necessary before monitoring sites are chosen.

Little Belt Mountains: Spotted Frogs appeared to be common and widespread in this range.
Western Toads have been collected historically, but were not located during our surveys; any sightings
of this declining amphibian should be recorded. The Western Terrestrial Garter Snake and Common
Garter Snake were the only other herps found during our surveys. Perhaps the best chance of finding
the Spiny Softshell on the L&CNF occurs in the Little Belts in the Smith, Judith, or Mussellshell Rivers.
Given the meager information available from this range and at least one species known from historic
records but not relocated, all sightings of amphibians (except perhaps Spotted Frogs) and reptiles are of
interest and should be recorded. Even for Spotted Frogs any breeding locations found should be
recorded. Such baseline distribution information is necessary before monitoring sites are chosen.

Castle Mountains: The Spotted Frog is the only herp known from this range; there is one historic
specimen record and the species was also found during our 1 994 surveys in beaver ponds in the West
Fork of Checkerboard Creek. Tiger Salamander larva were found at the base of the range just north of
Lennep off USFS Lands. Given the meager information available from this range all sightings of
amphibians and reptiles are of interest and should be recorded. Baseline distribution information,
particularly for species not yet recorded and breeding sites for known species, is necessary before
monitoring sites are chosen.

Crazy Mountains: The Spotted Frog was the only herp found during surveys in 1994 and was
located in Forest Lake. Western Toads have been collected historically in the Crazy Mountains, but
were not located during our surveys; any sightings of this declining amphibian should be recorded.
Given the meager information available from this range all sightings of amphibians and reptiles are of
interest and should be recorded. Baseline distribution information, particularly for species not yet
recorded and breeding sites for known species, is necessary before monitoring sites are chosen.

Big Snowy Mountains: The Western Terrestrial Garter Snake is the only herp known from this range;
there are three historic specimen records and this species was found during our 1 994 surveys on the
shore of Crystal Lake. Given the meager information available from this range, all sightings of
amphibians and reptiles are of interest and should be recorded. Baseline distribution information,
particularly for species not yet recorded and breeding sites for known species, is necessary before
monitoring sites are chosen.

Little Snowy Mountains: No herps are known from this range; there are no historic specimen
records and we did not survey here in 1994. Given the total lack of information available from this
range, all sightings of amphibians and reptiles are of interest and should be recorded. This baseline
distribution information, particularly for species not yet recorded and breeding sites for known species,
is necessary before monitoring sites are chosen.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1) All incidental sightings of amphibians and reptiles from the L&CNF should be recorded and
forwarded to the Natural Heritage Program. The single exception being that for the Spotted Frog on
the RMRD and Little Belt Mountains, only breeding locations are necessary to record. Ahalf-day
training session for biologists (including seasonal employees) and other interested field people in May
would raise awareness of this data need and provide the training needed for accurate identification of
animals observed. Certainly all Tailed Frogs (larvae and adults) found during fisheries surveys should be
recorded; this is the most efficient way to get data on this species. The Tailed Frog is now a USFWS
C-2 Candidate.

2) Due to the time constraints and the large area covered in the 1 994 survey, it should not be regarded
as a definitive index of all the herptiles or their distribution on the L&CNF. The secretive habits of many
amphibians and reptiles, and our lack of knowledge regarding their reproductive behavior makes it
difficult to assess their overall status. We recommend that additional surveys be conducted,
concentrating on: A) potential Western Toad and Northern Leopard Frog breeding sites; B) low-
elevation, xeric habitats (including wetlands within this matrix) for reptiles and plains-dwelling
amphibians; C) re-surveying historic amphibian sites; and D) gathering additional distribution information
from the isolated ranges on the Jefferson Division.

3) When more breeding locations for amphibians are known, long-term monitoring of typical marsh-
pond habitats should be set up at several sites in each Division in order to evaluate relative numbers and
breeding success of the more common species: Long-toed Salamander, Spotted Frog, Western Toad,
Western Chorus Frog, Western Terrestrial Garter Snake, and Common Garter Snake. Particular
attention needs to be given to any Western Toad and Northern Leopard Frog breeding sites found.

4) Life history and ecology of the amphibians in Montana is poorly known for most species. Long-
term monitoring will give us information on timing of and habitat requirements needed for successful
breeding.

5) Sightings on L&CNF lands of the Tiger Salamander, Great Plains Toad, Woodhousels Toad, Plains
Spadefoot, Painted Turtle, Spiny Softshell, Short-horned Lizard, Rubber Boa, Racer, Western Hognose
Snake, Gopher Snake, Plains Garter Snake, and Western Rattlesnake would represent first-time
occurrences and range extensions, thus it is important to document and record such data. Preferably
either photos should be taken or, if appropriate, a specimen collected; at the very least, a description
should be written at the time of the observation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anderson, M. E. 1977. Aspects of the ecology of the two sympatric species of Thamnophis and heavy

metal accumulation within the species. M.S. Thesis, University of Montana, Missoula. 147 pp.
Baxter, G.T. and M.D. Stone. 1985. Amphibians and reptiles of Wyoming. Wyoming Game and Fish

Department. Cheyenne, Wyoming. 137 pp.
Belhs,E.D. 1962. Theinfluenceofhumidity on wood frog activity. Amer Midi. Nat. 68(1):130 148.
Bergeron, D. No date. Terrestrial wildlife survey. Coal Creek Mine Area, Montana, 1977 1978. West.

Tech. & Eng., Inc., Helena.
Bernard, S. R. and K. F. Brown. 1977. Distribution of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians by BLM

physiographic regions and A. W. Kuchlerls associations for the eleven Western States.
Black, J. H. 1 967. Ablue leopard frog from Montana. Herpetologica 23 (4):3 14 3 1 5 .
Black, J. H. 1969. The frog genusRana in Montana. Northwest Sci. 43: 191 195.
Black, J. H. 1970. Amphibians of Montana. Mont. Fish & Game Dept., Pub. No. 1 of Animals of

Montana Series.
Black, J. H. 1 970. Some aspects of the distribution, natural history and zoogeography of the toad genus

Bufo in Montana. M.S. thesis. University of Montana, Missoula.
Black, J. H. 1970. Turtles of Montana. Montana Wildlife, Animals of Montana Series 2:26 32.
Black, J. H. 1970. Unusual forms of boreal toads Bufo boreas (Amphibia: Bufonidae) in Glacier

National Park, Montana. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci 50: 127 128.
Black, J.H. 1971. Thetoadgenus5i//oinMontana.Northwest Sci. 45: 156 162.
Black, J. H. and A. M. Bragg. 1 968. New additions to the herpetofauna of Montana. Herpetologica

24:247.
Black, J. H. and R. B . Brunson. 1 97 1 . Breeding behavior of the boreal toad Bufo boreas boreas

(Baird and Girard) in western Montana. Great Basin Nat. 31: 109113.
Black, J. H. and V. Craig (eds.). 1970. Amphibians of Montana. Montana Wildlife, Animals of Montana

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APPENDIX 1.

DATA SHEETS USED FOR

AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE

SURVEYS AND OBSERVATIONS

AMPHIBIAN SURVEY DATA SHEET: INSTRUCTIONS This data sheet is designed to fecilitate quick recording of data from field surveys of amphibians and their habitats.
It appears complex and intimidatipg, but actually can be completed in a short amount of time after a minimum amount of training. Many variables require only the correct choice
to be circled, and the remaining variables are numerical and easy to determine. The data sheet is divided into four sections, divided by double lines. Each section describes
a cohesive set of variables. In addition the back of the sheet includes a grid for a rough sketch of the site and space for additional comments. The map is optional, but the futuie
value of the data is enhanced if it is supplied.

SECTION 1 - LOCALITY These data are

essential. Many amphibian surveys have been

hankered by the inability to relocate exact

locations in the historical record. Some of this

information can be completed in the office ajler

the survey.

DATE: Use the format DD-MMM-VY (e.g.,
05-APR-92).

BEGIN TIME: List the time surv^ of habitat
for amphibians began in 24 hour format.

END TIME: List the time the surv^ ended in
24 hour format. (The total time (END
TIME - BEGIN TIME) should reflect only
the amount of time spent searching for
amphibians. Total time plus number of
observers mey be used to assess relative
abundance)

OBSERVERS: List names or initials of all
persons involved in searching.

LOCALITY: Describe the specific geographic
location of the site. Use air distance in two
directions (e.g., 5km N and 7.5 km W) of a
map landmark that likely will not change
(distance from a large town or city is not all
that helpful).

STATE: Use the 2-leltcr abbreviation.

COUNTY:

MAP NAME: List the name of the U.S.O.S.
quadrangle or other map used to locate the
site.

OWNER: List the public land manager (e.g.,
Roosevelt Nat. Forest or Rocky Mu» NP), or
name of the owner if the site is on private
land (listing the owner's name will make it
clear that you did not tre^ass to survey the
site).

ELEVATION: Circle the scale used; meters
are preferred.

T: township R: range S: section

SECTION DESCRIPTION: Describe the
location of the site within the section (e.g.,
SE !4 orNE M ofSE U)

UTM ZONE, NORTHING, EASTING:
Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates

are preferred over longitude and latitude.
The UTM 2»ne is listed on newer
topographic maps. If you are using a map
without the UTM grid, substitute latitude for
Northing and longitude for Easting.

SECTION 2 - SPECIES DATA Ust all

amphibian species observed. If garter snakes

are seen, list them here also.

SPECIES: Use the scientific name.
Convenient shorthand is to use a 4-lettcr
code made up of the first 2 letters of the
genus and species (e.g., Rana sylvatica
would be RASY).

ADULTS/JUVENILES: Indicate presence with
a check, but numbers seen are more valuable
data

CALLING?: Circle Y if frogs are vocalizing
in a breeding chorus, of if a breedii^
aggregation of species that don't call (e.g.,
Bufo boreas) \s observed.

TADPOLES/LARVAE: Same as for
adults/juveniles

EGG MASSES: Same as above. Numbers of
egg masses are especially valuable data. If
possible, describe the developmental stage of
eggs in the space for additional notes on the
back of the form.

METHOD: Circle how observations were
made: VISUAL/AURAL ID - species
identified without pickii^ it up, either by
sight or by recognition of the breeding call;
HAND COLLECTED - animal was picked
up and identified in the field (higher
confidencethan visual id); DIP NET/SEINE
- the usual method of collection for larvae;
TRAPPED - minncw-type traps are also
used for larvae; VOUCHER

COLLECTED? - circle yes or no (voucher
specimens are recommended for every site,
especially if identification is uncertain and
for larvae). Indicate voucher status in
addition to method used.

FISH PRESENT?: If yes, list species if you

can. Circle the question marks if you are
not certain, but suspect that fish are present.
ENTIRE STTE SEARCHED?: If no, list
either the meters of shoreline or the area
(m^ of habitat (e.g., amount of wet
meadow) searched.

SECTION 3 - PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL DATA Wuer chemistry data are
difficult to collect accurately without thorough
planning and quality equipment; these data are
optional. Vkather data are important for
determining the quality of the observations
(e.g., was an absence of amphibians due to
observations made durir^ a blizzard?)
WEATHER, WIND: Indicate atmospheric

conditions
AIR TEMPERATURE: Take at chest height

in shade. The Celsius scale is preferred.
WATER TEMPERATURE: Take 1 meter

from margin and at 2 cm depth, or where

egg masses are observed.
COLOR: This is a qualitative assessment of

whether the water clear or tea-coloied from

organic (humic) acids.
TURBIDTTK This is a qualitative assessment

of whether the water clear or clouded from

suspended particulate matter.

SECTION 4 - HABFTAT DESCRIPTION

These data are important for developing

hypotheses to explain chaises in abundance of

amphibians. This section needs to be filled out

only once for each site (a reasonable

amphibian survey should iitclude at least 2-3

visits to each site in one season).

ORIGIN: Decide whether the lake is a natural

geologic formation or man-made. Bodies of

water enlarged by a dam are problematic.

List them as man-made, but add an

explanation in the space for additional notes

on the back of the form.

DRAINAGE: Circle whether the site has

permanent drainage, no drainage, or

occasional drainage. Determining the potential for
occasional drainage requires judgement. Look for
clues in the topography and vegetation.

DESCRIPTION: Decide how best to describe the site.
If there is evidence of past or present beaver activity,
circle one of these choices in addition to your choice.

LENGTH, WIDTH: Record the maximum length and
width of lakes and ponds. For streams, record the
length and average width of the reach searched.

MAXIMUM DEPTH: Most times, you will not have
access to a boat, so estimate depth (deep lakes are
usually not important to amphibians).

STRE^AM ORDER: This is an index of stream size, and
you will need a topographic map to determine it. First-
order streams have no tributaries, second-oider streams
are formed by the confluence of two I'-order streams,
third-order streams are formed by the confluence of
two 2"'-order streams, and so on.

PRIMARY SUBSTRATE: Circle the type that covers
the majority of the bottom of the site.

EMERGEKT VEGETATION: Circle the percentage of
the margin of the site with emergent vegetation present,
and list the dominant species. If you are botanically-
disad>«uitaged, list the categories of the dominant
species (e.g., cattail, sedges, etc.).

NORTH SHORELINE CHARACTERS: Describe the
north shore of a lake or pond in terms of shallow water
and emergent vegetation. This is important in
evaluating quality of breeding habitat in some mountain
locations.

FOREST CHARACTERS: List the closest distance
between the water and the surrounding forest, and list
the most common tree species. Leave these fields
blank if there is no forest. Describe other surrounding
habitat types in the notes section on the back of the
form.

AMPHIBIAN SURVEY DATA SHEET - us HSH^WILDUFE service, 4612MeMU(WYAVE, ft. COUJNS,CO»OBJ6-9400

leirel* eholc* lor (hadwl varitbiM; •upply v»Iu« (or othort) (ver. 2/7/92)

DATE

BEGIN
TIME

END
TIME

OBSERVERS

LOCALITY

STATE

COUNTY

MAP

NAME

OWNER

ELEVATION
(eirdo lealo)

M
FT

SECTION
DESCRIPTION

UTM

ZONE

NORTHING
(orLAT)

EASTING
lorLON)

AMPHIBIAN AND/OR GARTER SNAKE SPEOES PRESENT
nNOICATE NUMBERS IN CATEGORIES IF POSSIBUE)

Cna£ METHOD AND HdCATE V
VOUCHER SPEOMOI WAS COLLECTED

SPEDES

ADULTS/JUVENILES CALLWG7 TADPOLES/LARVAE

EGG MASSES

METHOD-

Y N

VISUAUAURAL ID DIP NET/SEINE
HAND COLLECTED TRAPPED
VOUCHER COLLECTED? YES NO

Y N

VISUAUAURAL ID DIP NET/SQNE
HAND COLLECTED TRAPPED
VOUCHER COLLECTED? YES NO

Y N

VISUAUAURAL ID DIP NET/SQNE
HAND COLUCTED TRAPPED
VOUCHER COLLECTED? YES NO

Y N

VISUAUAURAL ID DIP NET/SEINE
HAND COLLECTED TRAPPED
VOUCHER COLLECTED? YES NO

RSHPRESENn

YES

??? NO

nsH

SPEOES:

ENTIRE SITE
SEARCHED?

YES

IF NO. INDICATE
AREA

METERS OF SHOREUNE
M* OF HABITAT

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT (CHEMISTRY VAAIABUS OPTIONAL - USE EXTRA SPACES FOR ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS!

WEATHER:

CLEAR

OVERCAST

RAIN

SNOW

WIND

CALM

UGHT

STRONG

AIR TEkff>
(circlo *eala)

WATER TEMP
Idrdt tcalo)

•C
•F

coLoa

CLEAR

STAINED

TURBIDITY:

CLEAR

aOUDY

ANC

SITE DESCRIPTIONS ■ {SKETCH SITE AND PUT ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON BACK OF SHEET)
OMIT THIS SECTION IF DATA HAVE BEEN COLLECTED ON A PREVIOUS VISIT

ORIGIN:

NATURAL

MAN-MADE

DRAINAGE.

PERMANENT

OCCASIONAL

NONE

DESCRIPTION:

PERMANENT
LAKOPOND

TEMPORARY
UKEff>OND

MARSH/BOG

STREAM

SPRING/SEEP

ACTIVE
BEAVER POND

INACTIVE
BEAVER POND

SITE
LENGTH (Ml

SITE
WIDTH (M)

MAXIMUM DEPTH:

< 1 M

1 -2M

> 2M

STREAM ORDER

S +

PRIMARY SUBSTRATE:

SILT/MUD

SAND/GRAVEL

COBBLE

BOULOERmEOROCK

OTHER

% OF POND LAKE MARGIN WITH EMERGENT VEGETATION:

1 -25

25-50

>50

EMERGENT VEGETATION SPEDES
lUST IN ORDER OF ABUNDANCE)

NORTH SHOREUNE CHARACTERS:

SHAaOWS
PRESENT

SHALLOWS
ABSENT

EMERGENT VEG
PRESENT

EMERGENT VEG
ABSENT

DISTANCE (M) TO FOREST EDGE

FOREST TREE
SPECIES:

Gap/USFS Habitat

USFWS Habii-ai-

ROUGH SKETCH OF SITE GRID SPACING IS METERS BETWEEN LINES

>..>■••■■>■■■« .•(•••■I

ADDITIONAL NOTES:

Miscellaneous Observation Form
Montana Natural Heritage Program
1515 E 6th Ave
PO Box 201800
Helena, MT 59620-1800

Observer_
Address

Phone No.

INSTRUCTIONS" Please use this sheet to submit sight, call, or specimen records of any Montana amphibian or reptile species. Use a separate line for each species and site. On
the back of the sheet include any additional comments or supporting information. Please provide as specific location information as possible, particularly for the following species
of special concern: Coeur d'Alene Salamander, Idaho Giant Salamander, Tailed Frog, Canadian Toad, Wood Frog, Snapping Turtle, Spiny Softshell, Short-homed Lizard,
Sagebrush Lizard, Western Hognose Snake, and Smooth Green Snake. Documentation is required for Idaho Giant Salamander and Wood Frog (photo, through description,
verification by experienced observer, etc.). An identification guide is available in the May/June 1995 issue of Montana Outdoors (reprints available at the MT Nat. Heritage Prog).

Species

Location

County

Township Range Section
orUTM

Date
Mo/DayA^r

Time

#
Adults

-- D -~o

Larvae

Example: Leopard Frog

McNab Pond

Carter

T01NR59ESect 19NE

5/20/94

8:30a

200

Example: Milk Snake

3.4 mi W, 1.2 mi N of Harlowton

Wheatland

5145200 N, 584700 E

8/15/94

ll:15p

10.

11.

Coniinciils: Include method of observation, measurements, documentation for species of special concern, disposition of specimens, weather, etc. Numbers correspond to those on
the otiicr side of this sheet. Use additional space or sheets if necessary.

Example: Sunny wann day, about 75°. Adults (3 seen; 2 heard calling only) at margin of ponds in cattails. Very small tadpoles seen; 1 egg mass still present.

Example: Found dead in the road in sagebrush flat near rinirocks; 24" long; Colored with bands of yellow / black / red / black / yellow...; deposited m MSU Museum

10.

II.

APPENDIX 2.

SITES SURVEYED DURING 1993-94

AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILE SURVEYS

Appendix 2. Sites surveyed during 1994 amphibian and reptile surveys

Site

Location

Elevation

Date

Start Time

LEWIS AND CLARK NATIONAL FOREST
Rocky Mountain District

Bean Lake*
Beaver Basin
Beaver Crk pond
Blacktail Gulch*
Falls Creek
Kiyo Crag Lake &
Jones Crk, . 7 mi
Little Willow Creek,
Lubec Lake, NE i^

T18N

T20N

T21N

T17N

ponds T29N

W of on FS144* T25N

head of T20N

T30N

Palookaville beaver ponds

T30N

R07W
R0 9W
R0 9W
R0 9W
R07W
R12W
R0 9W
R0 9W
R13W
R12W

S13&24

SO 4 NE4

S15

S33 SE4

S03 S2

S02&01

S15

S14

SIO NE4

S2 5 NE4

Pond .4 mi past Cave Mtn trnoff* T25N R09W S26 NE4

Teton Pass, 1.5 road mi N of* T25N R09W S06

Teton River, 7 Lazy P. Ranch T25N R09W S26

Wagner Basin T22N R09W S36

Willow Creek ponds T20N R09W S23

Wood Creek* T20N RlOW S22

Wood Creek pond T20N RlOW S26

Wood Creek, pond below Wood Lk T20N RlOW S36

SE4
SE4SE4

4555
6000
4860
4800
4900
6208
5200
5740
5040
5360
5150
6000
5100
4600
5540
5480
5490
5720

Jul

1615

May

1420

May

1510

Jul

1550

Jul

1030

Jul

1035

May

1630

may

1350

May

1800

Jul

1455

May

1825

May

1730

May

1515

Jul

1330

May

1245

May

0945

May

1025

May

1130

Sites with no herps found during survey

Appendix 2. (cont.) Sites surveyed during 1994 amphibian and reptile surveys

Site

Location

Elevation

Date

Start Time

JEFFERSON DIVISION

Big Snowy Mountains

Crystal Lake

Crazy Mountains

Cottonwood Creek, W Fork*
Forest Lake

T12N R17E S13

T06N RIOE SIO
T06N RIOE S26&35

Castle Mountains

Blackhawk Cabins meadows* T09N ROSE S36

Checkerboard Crk, E Fork hdwtr* T09N ROSE S25&36

Checkerboard Creek, W Fork T09N ROSE S24

Lennep, pond . S mi N TOSN R09E S25

Thorsen's Pond* T09N R09E S20 NW4

Highwood Mountains

Briggs Creek seep* T20N R09E S2S NE4NW4

Highwood Crk, nr Cow Camp* T20N R09E S29 NW4

Highwood Creek, middle* T20N R09E S33 center

Highwood Creek, beaver complex* T19N R09E S09 NE4

Highwood Creek, hdwtrs seeps* T19N R09E S15 NW4

6000

6100
6490

6S50
6700
6200
5350
6560

4520
4440
46S0
5020
5320

Jul

1400

Jul

0950

Jul

1S35

Jul

1345

Jul

1410

Jul

1530

Jul

1205

Jul

1310

May

1300

May

1330

May

1405

May

1430

May

1525

Sites with no herps found during survey

Appendix 2. (cont.) Sites surveyed during 1994 amphibian and reptile surveys

Site

Location

Elevation

Date

Start Time

JEFFERSON DIVISION (continued)
Little Belt Mountains

Bear Park, Basin Crk hdwtrs*

Belt Crk Info Cntr, pond .5 mi

Clyde Park

Crater Lake & ponds

Harley Park*

Onion Park

Russian Flat pond

Sheep Creek complex*

Yogo Creek, upper

TUN

RIOE

S34

6300

SIT14N

ROSE

S06

NW4NW4

5030

TUN

RIOE

S28

6V00

TUN

ROVE

S25

SE4SW4

5880

T14N

ROVE

S33

V350

T13N

ROVE

S4&5

V400

TUN

RIOE

S12

SW4SW4

6330

T12N

ROVE

S36

5900

T13N

RIOE

6200

Jul

1220

May

1830

Jul

1105

May

1325

Jul

1930

Jul

0815

Jul

1330

May

1035

Jul

1520

Sites with no herps found during survey

APPENDIX 3.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES

OBSERVED DURING SURVEYS OF THE

LEWIS AND CLARK NATIONAL FOREST

IN 1994

Appendix 3. Amphibians and reptiles observed during surveys of the Lewis and Clark National
Forest in 1993-94

Site Person Total number of adults/juv of each species observed

Hrs:min AMMA AMTI ASTR BUBO PSTR RAPR THSI THEL

Rocky Mountain District

Beaver Basin 0:20 5*

Beaver Crk pond 0:50 8

Falls Creek 1:30 *

Kiyo Crag Lake/pond 3:20 25*

Little Willow Creek 0:30 6 1

Lubec Lake, NE i^ 1 : 1 5 3

Palookaville ponds 1:20 13*

Teton River, 7 Lazy PI: 10 *

Wagner Basin 3:10 *

Willow Creek ponds 1:20 21 1

Wood Creek pond 1:10 8*

Wood Ck, belw Wood Lk0:40 * 18

^AMMA=Amby stoma macrodactylum; AMTI=Ambystoma tigrinum; ASTR=Ascaphus truei; BUBO=Bufo
boreas; PSRE= Pseudacris regilla; RAPR=Rana pretiosa; THSI=Thamnophis sirtalis;
THEL=Thamnophis elegans.

*denotes site with breeding, i.e. tadpoles, larvae, or eggs present

Appendix 3. (cont.) Amphibians and reptiles observed during surveys of the Lewis and Clark
National Forest in 1993-94

Site

Person Total number of adults/juv of each species observed
Hrs:min AMMA AMTI ASTR BUBO PSTR RAPR THSI THEL

JEFFERSON DIVISION

Big Snowy Mountains

Crystal Lake 1:35

Crazy Mountains

Forest Lake 1:35

Castle Mountains

Checkerboard Ck, W Fk0:20
Lennep, pond .8 mi N 0:11

Little Belt Mountains

Belt Crk Info Cntr
Clyde Park
Crater Lake & ponds
Onion Park
Russian Flat pond
Yogo Creek, upper

^AMMA=Amby stoma macrodactylum; AMTI=Ambystoma tigrinum; ASTR=Ascaphus truei; BUBO=Bufo
boreas; PSRE= Pseudacris regilla; RAPR=Rana pretiosa; THSI=Thamnophis sirtalis;
THEL=Thamnophis elegans.

*denotes site with breeding, i.e. tadpoles, larvae, or eggs present

APPENDIX 4.

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES

REPORTED FROM IN AND AROUND THE

LEWIS AND CLARK NATIONAL FOREST

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

LONG TOED SALAMANDER

Granite .5 to 5 mil / / No Observation
Kitchen Creek, near Missoula

Jefferson .5 to 5 mil 4/28/1962 No Museum Specimen
2 mi. S. of East Helena on branch McClellen Creek

Jefferson .5 to 5 mil 4/28/1962 No Museum Specimen
S. of East Helena on Al Palmer Ranch

Jefferson .5 to 5 mil 4/28/1962 Yes Museum Specimen
2 mi. s. of East Helena on branch McClellen Creek

Jefferson .5 to 5 mil 8/25/1959 No Museum Specimen
Horse trough off McClellen Creek

Jefferson .5 to 5 mil 7/ /1 972 No Museum Specimen
Near Clancy

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 Yes Observation
Wood Creek, just below Wood Lake, 5700 ft.

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 7/5/1994 Yes Museum Specimen
Wagner Basin, 4600 ft.

Lewis & Clark .5 to 5 mil 7/13/1983 No Museum Specimen
Upper Grizzly Gulch

Missoula .5 to 5 mil 4/24/1950 No Observation
Overflow of Union Creek, near McNamara, ca. 3500 ft.

Missoula <.5mile. 7/1/1993 No Observation
S of NWl/4 of section 29, pond E of Boles PL

Missoula <.5mile. 7/1/1993 No Observation
NW of NE of section 32, lily pad pond.

TIGER SALAMANDER

Cascade 5 to 10 mil 1 1/ /1992 No Observation
Malmstrom AFB near Great F alls

Cascade .5 to 5 mil /1 8/1 942 No Museum Specimen
5 miles S. of Great Falls

Chouteau > 10 miles. // No Museum Specimen
Fort Benton

Chouteau 5 to 10 mil 9/ /1 967 No Observation
Teton River near Fort Benton

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

TIGER SALAMANDER (contmued)

Glacier > 10 miles. // No Museum Specimen
Blackfoot Indian Reservation, 1 6 miles S W of Cut Bank

Glacier .5 to 5 mil // No Observation
4 mi NE of Marias Pass summit

Meagher <.5mile. 7/8/1994 Yes Observation
Pond 0.8 mi. N. of Lennep

Teton <.5mile. 6/22/1993 No Observation

S.E.Pme Butte

Unknown .5 to 5 mil /1 8/1 917 No Museum Specimen
VoltaDam, 13.5 miles below GreatFalls

Unknown > 10 miles. 9/10/1952 No Museum Specimen
Lothair

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil 7/ /1 904 No Museum Specimen
Winnecook Ranch: Stock reservoir

Wheatland <.5mile. / /1 994 No Observation
Chief Joseph Park Pond, Harlowton

TAILED FROG

Flathead .5 to 5 mil 7/11/1934 No Museum Specimen
Glacier National Park 3 . 5 miles above mouth of Muir creek

Flathead > 10 miles. 7/24/1934 No Museum Specimen
Glacier National Park, Coal Creek tributaries

Flathead .5 to 5 mil 6/28/1934 No Museum Specimen
Glacier National Park, 8 mi above mouth of Ole Creek

Flathead .5 to 5 mil 7/6/1934 No Museum Specimen
Glacier National Park, 6 mi above mouth of Park Creek

Flathead 5 to 10 mil // No Observation
Coal Creek

Flathead 5 to 10 mil // No Observation
Ole Creek

Flathead 5 to 10 mil // No Observation
Park Creek

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

TAILED FROG (contmued)

Flathead .5 to 5 mil / /1 969 No Observation
Soldier and Clark Creeks

Flathead .5 to 5 mil / /1 969 No Observation
Bear and Skyland Creeks

Flathead .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Midvale Creek, near Glacier National Park

Granite 5 to 10 mil 7/24/1958 No Museum Specimen
Ranch Creek, ca. 1 1 mi. S. of I 90 on Rock Creek Rd.

Granite .5 to 5 mil 7/24/1958 No Museum Specimen
Ranch Creek (tributary of Rock Creek)

Lewis & Clark 5 to 10 mil // No Observation
Tributary of Copper Creek, tributary of the Blackfoot River

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 7/5/1994 Yes Museum Specimen
Falls Creek, crossing down to falls.

Missoula .5 to 5 mil 5/4/1947 No Observation
Spring on Gold Creek, near Gold Creek Ranger Station

Missoula 5 to 10 mil 7/22/1950 No Museum Specimen
Placid Creek, ca. 4 mi. SW of Seeley Lake

Missoula .5 to 5 mil / /1 969 No Observation
Owl Creek

Pondera < .5 mile. 10/7/1994 Yes Observation
E Fork Woods Creek; also sec. 16, Whiterock Creek

Powell 5 to 10 mil // No Observation

Morrell Creek, tributary of Clearwater River

Teton <.5mile. 7/8/1994 Yes Observation

On Mt. Wright hiking trail at small stream that trail crosses.

WESTERN TOAD

Broadwater > 10 miles. / /1 966 Yes Observation
Near Canyon Ferry Reservoir, small spring in open ponderosa pine.

Carbon .5 to 5 mil / /1 966 No Observation

Kmgs Hill, 7000 ft.

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

WESTERN TOAD (contmued)

Cascade .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Little Belt Mountams, 1 .2 miles N. (Hwy 89) of Kings Hill Pass, 7200 ft.

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 6/24/1962 Yes Museum Specimen
Highwood Creek near Arrow Creek Divide

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 6/24/1962 No Museum Specimen
Highwood Creek near Arrow Creek Divide

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 6/24/1962 Yes Museum Specimen
Upper Highwood Creek near pass to Arrow Creek

Flathead >10miles. 7/6/1934 No Museum Specimen
Park Creek, Glacier National Park.

Flathead .5 to 5 mil 7/23/1949 No Observation
South Fork River and Addition Creek

Granite .5 to 5 mil 7/11/1977 Yes Museum Specimen
1/4 mi W of Bearmouth, rest area off I 90.

Lewis & Clark .5 to 5 mil 7/12/1958 No Museum Specimen
BearLake, 7000 feet

Meagher > 10 miles. 8/4/1899 No Museum Specimen
Deep Creek Canyon, Big Belt Mountains

Meagher 5 to 1 mil 9/5/1918 No Museum Specimen
6 mi SW of Lennep.

Meagher > 10 miles. 8/23/1919 No Museum Specimen
Fort Logan, Camas Creek (4 mi S).

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 8/20/1951 No Museum Specimen
Sheep Creek near Jumping Creek Campgrounds

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 8/24/1951 Yes Museum Specimen
Adams Ranch, Sheep Creek

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 8/ 6/1958 No Museum Specimen
Lake Creek

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

WESTERN TOAD (contmued)

Missoula .5 to 5 mil 5/2/1948 No Observation
Morrel Creek near Seeley Lake; Archibald Creek near Seeley Lake, 4000 ft.

Missoula .5 to 5 mil / /1 966 No Observation
Rainy Lake

Missoula <.5mile. 7/1/1993 No Observation
S of NWl/4 of section 29, Pond E of Boles Point.

Phillips .5 to 5 mil 8/10/1972 No Museum Specimen
Slippery Ann Station

Pondera <.5mile. 7/13/1994 No Observation
Damp area along E Fork Woods Creek.

Teton <.5mile. 5/26/1994 Yes Observation

7 Lazy P Ranch, Lewis and Clark NF, 5 100 ft.

Teton <.5mile. 6/21/1993 Yes Observation

NW of NW section 13, Pine Butte Swamp Preserve.

Wheatland > 10 miles. / /1 966 No Observation
Grassy spring in the short grass prarie W. of Harlowton

GREAT PLAINS TOAD

Toole .5 to 5 mil 7/20/1950 Yes Observation

cattle pond on the prairie apprx. 1 mi S of camp ( 1 mi S of Galata)

WOODHOUSEiS TOAD

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 7/24/1919 No Museum Specimen
On Missouri River 5 miles north of Wilder

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 8/9/1991 No Museum Specimen
Missouri River at Fred Robinson Bridge.

Mussellshell . 5 to 5 mil 8/7/1918 No Museum Specimen
1 mile west of Kline

WESTERN CHORUS FROG

Cascade <. 5 mile. 5/28/1994 No CallHeardOnly
On Hwy 89 go 5 mi. W. of Hwy 200 junction to pond on N. side of road

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

WESTERN CHORUS FROG (contmued)

Cascade 5 to 10 mil 6/7/1993 No Observation
Chestnut Valley Sand hills

Chouteau 5 to 10 mil 5/ /1 967 No Observation
Near Fort Benton

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 7/22/1962 Yes Museum Specimen
Swan Ranch E. of Highwood

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 7/26/1991 No Museum Specimen
5 mi. E. of Roy

Glacier < .5 mile. 5/25/1 994 No Call Heard Only
Both ponds at intersection, T30NR11W S16

Judith Basm <.5mile. 5/27/1994 No Call Heard Only
T18NR10ES20

JudithBasin <.5mile. / /1 994 No Observation
AlsoT19NR09ESec.22,offFSRD122.

JudithBasin <.5mile. 5/28/1994 No Museum Specimen
5 mi. N., 3 mi. W. of Geyser, 4370 ft.

Lewis& Clark <. 5 mile. 5/27/1994 No CaU Heard Only
Anderson Lake

Liberty <.5mile. 7/7/1994 Yes Museum Specimen
Moffat Bridge on Marias River, ca. 6 mi. ESE of Tiber Dam

Petroleum 5 to 10 mil 8/ /1 968 No Museum Specimen
Near War Horse Lake

Pondera <.5mile. 5/26/1994 No Museum Specimen
T28NR8WS5

Pondera <.5mile. 7/13/1994 No Observation
Spring seep area T29NR12W S9.

Teton <.5mile. 6/21/1993 No Observation

NEl/4 of NEl/4 S34, near the Teton River, Pine Butte Swamp Preserve.

Teton <.5mile. 6/21/1993 No Observation

NW of NW sec 13 Pine Butte Swamp Preserve.

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

WESTERN CHORUS FROG (contmued)

Teton <.5mile. 6/22/1993 No Observation

SE of SE of S2, Pine Butte Swamp Preserve.

Teton <.5mile. 6/22/1993 No Observation

Bellview Rd Pond

Teton <.5mile. 6/22/1993 No Observation

NEl/4 of Sect 17, Pine Butte Swamp Preserve.

Teton <.5mile. 6/22/1993 No Observation

SEPme Butte

Toole > 10 miles. 7/ /1 950 No Observation

in the area near camp ( 1 mi S of Galata)

Wheatland > 10 miles. 8/29/1918 No Museum Specimen
5 miles SW of Oka

PLAINS SPADEFOOT

Cascade .5 to 5 mil / /1 934 No Museum Specimen
4.5 miles W. of Great Falls

Cascade .5 to 5 mil 8/31/1948 No Museum Specimen
3 mi. S. of Cascade, Missouri River

Cascade .5 to 5 mil 9/ /1 962 No Museum Specimen
NE of Great FaUs

Cascade <. 5 miles / /1 992 Yes Observation
Great Falls

Toole .5 to 5 mil 7/21/1950 No Observation

dry flood plain at camp (10 mi S of Galata)

NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG

Broadwater <.5mile. 5/10/1993 No Observation
Deepdale FAS. Directly E. across channel from Deepdale BE nest

Cascade <. 5 miles 6/ /1 994 No Observation
cutoff slough along Belt Creek, T 1 8N R6E Sec 1 2

Lweis and Clark <. 5 miles / /1993 No Observation
small riparian ponds along Dearborn River, T 1 8N R7 W Sec. 25

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG (contmued)

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 6/24/1962 No Museum Specimen
Upper Highland Creek near Arrow Creek Divide.

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 6/24/1962 No Museum Specimen
Upper extreme of Highwood Creek, near mouth of Beaver Creek

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 8/31/1948 No Museum Specimen
3 mi. S. of Cascade, Missouri River

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 8/20/1918 No Museum Specimen
8 miles W. of Lewistown, on Beaver Creek

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 8/19/1918 No Museum Specimen
7 miles NE of Lewistown, Judith Mountains

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 7/28/1919 No Museum Specimen
7 miles NE of Hilger

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 8/4/1919 No Museum Specimen

5 miles NW of Hilger, Moccassin Mountains

Fergus <.5mile. 8/28/1994 No Observation
T13NR22ES23

Fergus 5 to 10 mil 8/13/1948 No Museum Specimen
Beaver Creek, S. of Lewistown

Lewis & Clark 5 to 10 mil 7/1 8/1 958 No Museum Specimen
Sun River, 5500 feet

Liberty 5 to 10 mil 6/13/1950 No Observation

6 miles east of reservoir area at Turner Memorial Park

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 8/30/1918 No Museum Specimen
Martinsdale, S. fork of Missellshell River

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 10/21/1950 No Museum Specimen
S. Fork Mussellshell near Lennep

Powell 5to 10 mil 7/3/1973 No Museum Specimen
North Fork of Blackfoot River

Teton <.5mile. 7/21/1993 No Observation

NE of NE of sect 7, Pine Butte Swamp Preserve.

Teton .5 to 5 mil 8/27/1949 No Museum Specimen

5 mi. E. of Choteau.

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG (contmued)

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil /1 8/1 942 No Museum Specimen
Musselshell River at Shawmut

Wheatland . 5 to 5 mil 8/28/1 9 1 8 No Museum Specimen
5 miles SW of Oka

Wheatland . 5 to 5 mil 8/28/1 9 1 8 No Museum Specimen
3 miles N. of Judith Gap

SPOTTED FROG

Cascade .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Little Belt Mountains, 1.2 miles N. of Kings Hill Pass

Cascade .5 to 5 mil 8/8/1944 No Museum Specimen
12 miles S. of Neihart

Cascade .5 to 5 mil 6/27/1973 No Museum Specimen
North of Kings Hill Campground, Hwy. 89, Little Belt Mountains

Cascade <.5mile. 5/28/1994 No Museum Specimen
Pond 0.5 mi N. of Belt Creek Info Center on E. side of Hwy. 89

Flathead .5 to 5 mil 7/25/1934 No Museum Specimen
Galcier National Park, Marthais Basin Lake

Glacier <.5mile. 5/25/1994 No Observation
NE 1/4 of Lubec Lake, 5040 ft.

Glacier <.5mile. 7/6/1994 Yes Observation
Palookaville Beaver Ponds

Granite .5 to 5 mil 7/11/1977 No Museum Specimen
0.25 mile W. of Bear Mouth, at rest area off Hwy. 90.

Jefferson .5 to 5 mil 7/8/1944 No Museum Specimen
5 miles W. of Bemice

JudithBasin <.5mile. 5/20/1994 No Observation
Along tributary to Dry Pole Gulch.

JudithBasin <.5mile. 7/9/1994 Yes Observation
Clyde Park, Little Belt Mountains, 6700 ft.

JudithBasin <.5mile. 7/9/1994 No Observation
Upper Yogo Creek, Little Belt Mountains, 6200 ft.

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

SPOTTED FROG (contmued)

Judith Basin <.5mile. 7/9/1994 Yes Observation
Pond in Russian Flat, Little Belt Mountains

JudithBasin .5 to 5 mil 7/12/1991 Yes Museum Specimen
Clyde Park Pond, Litle Belt Mountains

Lewis & Clark .5 to 5 mil // No Observation
2.3 miles W. of Flasher Pass tributary of Blackfoot River

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 Yes Museum Specimen
Wood Creek, just below Wood Lake

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 Yes Observation
Willow Creek Ponds, 5540 ft., also Sec. 14

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 No Observation
Pond above Beaver Creek, S. of Green Timber Basin.

Lewis & Clark < .5 mile. 9/ 3/1 994 No Observation
Prickley Pear Creek just W. of Stansfield Lake.

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 No Observation
Head of Little Willow Creek.

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 Yes Observation
Beaver Basin (road sign)

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 Yes Museum Specimen
Wood Creek

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 7/27/1975 No Observation
Pond, ca. 400 m from the main stack of East Helena Smelter

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 7/27/1975 No Observation
Ca. 1.6 km SSE from the East Helena Smelter in springs

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 7/27/1975 No Observation
McClellan Creek Quarry Lake

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/22/1994 No Museum Specimen
7 Up Pete Proposed Gold Mine area on HWY 200, ca. 10 mi. E. of Lincoln.

Meagher . 5 to 5 mil 9/3/1918 No Museum Specimen
Martinsdale, S. Fork of Mussellshell River

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 6/ 1/1978 No Museum Specimen
Dry Fork of Musselshell River

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

SPOTTED FROG (contmued)

Meagher <.5mile. 5/29/1994 Yes Museum Specimen
Crater Lake and ponds above, 5880 ft.

Meagher <.5mile. 7/7/1994 No Museum Specimen
Forest Lake, Crazy Mountains, also Sec. 35, 6490 ft.

Meagher <.5mile. 7/8/1994 No Observation
W. fork Checkerboard Creek, Castle Mountains, 6200 ft.

Meagher <.5mile. 7/9/1994 No Observation
Onion Park, Little Belt Mountains, also sec. 5.

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 8/ 6/1958 No Museum Specimen
Lake Creek

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 5/13/1950 No Museum Specimen
Near Ringling Hot Well

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 8/ 6/1958 No Museum Specimen
Lake Creek

Missoula .5 to 5 mil 5/18/1948 No Observation
Overflow of Union Creek, near McNamara

Missoula <.5mile. 7/2/1993 No Observation
T16NR15WS25

Pondera <.5mile. 7/6/1994 Yes Observation
Kiyo CragLake andPond, and sm. pond on RD 9218

Powell .5 to 5 mil 7/21/1891 No Museum Specimen
Elliston, near Little Blackfoot River

PAINTED TURTLE

Broadwater <.5mile. 5/ /1 993 No Observation
Canyon Ferry WMA east side.

Broadwater 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Black 1 970

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 6/9/1994 No Observation
W. of Augusta along Benchmark Rd. W. of Nilan Reservoir, next to 2 ponds

Powell .5 to 5 mil 9/7/1994 No Observation
Lahrity Lake in Ovando Valley

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

PAINTED TURTLE (cont.)

Powell .5 to 5 mil 9/ 8/1 994 No Observation
Evans Lake

Powell 5 to 1 mil / / No Specimen Reported
See map in Black 1 970

Teton 5 to 1 mil / / No Specimen Reported

See map in Black, 1 970

SPINY SOFTSHELL

Broadwater 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
Canyon Ferry Reservoir (may be erroreous)

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil /1 7/1 942 No Museum Specimen
Musselshell River, near Shawmut

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Musselshell River near Shawmut.

SHORT HORNED LIZARD

Chouteau > 10 miles. // No Museum Specimen
Near Fort Benton

Chouteau 5-10 miles spring 1985 No Observation
Cascade Hutterite Colony west of Ulm in breaks, 3500 ft.

Golden Valley > 10 miles. 8/ /1 894 No Museum Specimen
Painted Robe Creek

Toole > 10 miles. / /1 950 No Observation

tops of ridges between coulees near camp (10 mi S of Galata)

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil /29/1933 No Museum Specimen
Harlowton

SAGEBRUSH LIZARD

Mussellshell 5 to 10 mil 8/3/1908 No Museum Specimen
Roundup, 8 mi S of

RUBBER BOA

Broadwater 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Lewis & Clark 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Lewis & Clark .5 to 5 mil 3/ /1 949 No Museum Specimen
Worth Ranch, Canyon Creek

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

RACER

Flathead 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Lewis & Clark 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Toole .5 to 5 mil 7/26/1950 No Observation

in a couleejustN of camp (10 mi S of Galata)

WESTERN HOGNOSE SNAKE

Mussellshell 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Teton 5 to 1 mil / / No Specimen Reported

See map in Davis 1 963

GOPHER SNAKE

Broadwater <.5mile. 5/21/1994 No Observation
Hwy. 12 between Helena and Townsend

Cascade 5 to 10 mil 7/6/1993 No Observation
Chestnut Valley Sandhills

Cascade 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Cascade <. 5 miles 6/ /1 994 No Observation
near Belt Creek, T 1 8N R6E Sec 1 2

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Fort Benton

Lewis&Clark .5 to 5 mil 10/15/1982 No Museum Specimen
Junction Sheep and Little Prickly Pear Creeks

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

GOPHER SNAKE (contmued)

Toole > 10 miles. / /1 950 No Observation

9 from river valley, 1 from coulees, 2 from Prairie (approx. 1 mi S of Ga)

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil / /1 932 No Museum Specimen
Harlowton

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
20 miles E. of Harlowton

WESTERN TERRESTRIAL GARTER SNAKE

Broadwater .5 to 5 mil 9/ /1 962 No Museum Specimen
W. of Winston

Cascade <.5mile. 5/28/1994 No Observation
Pond 0.5 mi N. of Belt Creek Info Center on E. side of Hwy. 89

Cascade .5 to 5 mil 10/15/1992 No Museum Specimen
5 mi. SE of Fairfield

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Fort Benton

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 7/21/1962 No Museum Specimen
Shankin Creek, Highwood Mountains

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 5/ /1 963 No Museum Specimen
N. Fork Highwood Creek

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 8/23/1954 No Museum Specimen
22 miles S., 12 miles E. of Lewiston

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 7/2/1961 No Museum Specimen
3milesW., 18milesS. of Lewiston, Big Snowy Mts.

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 8/15/1918 No Museum Specimen
Heath, 1 5 mi S of. Big Snowy Mountains

Fergus 5 to 10 mil 8/4/1919 No Museum Specimen
Hilger, 5 mi NW of. Mocassin Mountains

Fergus 5 to 10 mil 7/27/1919 No Museum Specimen
Hilger, 7 mi NE of

Fergus <.5mile. 7/7/1994 No Observation
Crystal Lake, Big Snowy Mountains, 6000 ft.

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

WESTERN TERRESTRIAL GARTER SNAKE (contmued)

Gallatin 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Judith B asin . 5 to 5 mil 8/7/1919 No Museum Specimen
Stanford, 20 SW of. Little Belt Mtns, on Dry Wolf Creek

JudithBasin .5 to 5 mil 8/13/1919 No Museum Specimen
Geyser, Otter Creek, (10 mi SW)

Lewis & Clark .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Sun River at U. S. Hy 287, N of Augusta

Lewis& Clark >10miles. 7/20/1891 No Museum Specimen
Helena, near, Mc Clellan Creek

Lewis & Clark > 10 miles. 7/18/1958 No Museum Specimen
Sun River, elevation 5500 ft.

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 No Observation
Head of Little Willow Creek

Lewis & Clark 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 7/27/1975 No Observation
Pond, ca. 400 m from the main stack of East Helena Smelter

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 7/27/1975 No Observation
Where Prickly Pear Creek flows along slag pile at East Helena Smelter

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 7/27/1975 No Observation
McClellan Creek Quarry Lake

Liberty > 10 miles. II /1950 No Observation
Liberty County about 6 mi. W of camp (approx. 10 mi. S of Galata)

Meagher . 5 to 5 mil 9/4/1918 No Museum Specimen
Grovedale (Groveland), 3 mi W of

Meagher .5 to 5 mil 8/30/1918 No Museum Specimen
Martinsdale, S Fork of Musselshell River

Meagher 5 to 10 mil 8/22/1919 No Museum Specimen
Fort Logan, Camas Creek, (4 mi S)

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

WESTERN TERRESTRIAL GARTER SNAKE (contmued)

Meagher . 5 to 5 mil 8/31/1918 No Museum Specimen
Martinsdale, S fork of Musselshell River

Missoula <.5mile. 7/1/1993 No Observation
Grassy hillside, 100m from riparian area Clearwater River

Missoula <.5mile. 9/ /1 950 No Specimen Reported
Upper Holland L ake

Missoula <.5mile. 9/ /1 950 No Specimen Reported
Gyp Mountain

Powell > 10 miles. 7/31/1967 No Museum Specimen
North Fork of the Blackfoot River

Powell > 10 miles. 7/3/1973 No Museum Specimen
North Fork of the Blackfoot River

Powell <.5mile. 6/ /1 950 No Specimen Reported
Cottonwood Creek

Teton .5 to 5 mil 10/16/1982 No Museum Specimen

10 mi. W. of Chouteau

PLAINS GARTER SNAKE

Cascade .5 to 5 mil 8/31/1894 No Museum Specimen
Great Falls

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Fort Benton

Toole .5 to 5 mil 7/16/1950 No Observation

margin of cattle pond 1 .5 mi S of camp(10 mi S Of Galata

COMMON GARTER SNAKE

Carbon .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen

Fort Benton

Cascade .5 to 5 mil 9/6/1994 No Observation
Schrammeck L ake

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 6/24/1962 No Museum Specimen
Upper Highwood Creek near pass to Arrow Creek

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

COMMON GARTER SNAKE (contmued)

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 8/16/1918 No Museum Specimen
1 mile SE of Lewistown

Golden Valley . 5 to 5 mil 1 0/10/1 994 No Observation
Near Big Coulee Creek

JudithBasin <.5mile. 5/20/1994 No Observation
Along tributary to Dry Pole Gulch.

Lewis & Clark <.5mile. 5/27/1994 No Observation
Willow Creek Ponds, 5540 ft.

Lewis& Clark <. 5 mile. 5/5/1994 No Observation
Smith Creek

Lewis & Clark 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Missoula <.5mile. 7/2/1993 No Observation
NWl/4of SEl/4 Sec25, lOmfrom water

Teton <.5mile. 7/5/1993 No Observation

Durr Place, outside tack room. Pine Butte Swamp Preserve

WESTERN RATTLESNAKE

Cascade 5 to 10 mil 9/ 1/1894 No Museum Specimen
Great Falls

Cascade .5 to 5 mil /10/1937 No Museum Specimen
7 miles NW of Cascade

Cascade .5 to 5 mil 7/29/1972 No Museum Specimen
3 mi. N. Manchester

Cascade .5 to 5 mil / /1 927 No Museum Specimen
Cascade

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil 10/ /1 937 No Museum Specimen
30 miles east of Brady, 2 miles south of Russell

Chouteau .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Ft. Benton

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

WESTERN RATTLESNAKE (contmued)

Fergus .5 to 5 mil 7/24/1919 No Museum Specimen
5 miles north of Wilder on Missouri River

Gallatin 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Lewis & Clark .5 to 5 mil 7/28/1 949 No Museum Specimen
Wirth Ranch

Liberty <.5mile. 7/6/1994 No Observation
5.3 mi. E. of Tiber Dam on Prospect Road, 3030ft., also sec. 10.

Mussellshell 5 to 10 mil // No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

Toole > 10 miles. 7/24/1950 No Observation

Marias river near camp (10 mi south of Galata)

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
Harlowton

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil // No Museum Specimen
2 miles S. of Hedgesville, 20 miles E. of Harlowton

Wheatland > 10 miles. 8/12/1903 No Museum Specimen
vie of Harlowton

Wheatland > 10 miles. 4/16/1967 No Museum Specimen
vie Harlowton

Wheatland > 10 miles. 5/11/1984 No Museum Specimen
vie of Harlowton

Wheatland <.5mile. / /1 989 No Observation
Behind USPS office, Harlowton

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil /24/1 932 No Museum Specimen
8 miles S. of Harlowton

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil /29/1932 No Museum Specimen
8 miles S. of Harlowton

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil /22/1933 No Museum Specimen
2 miles S Hedgesville

Natural Heritage Program 03/04/1 995

Montana Animal Atlas (Herpetile) Species Report

County Precision Date Breed Data Type

WESTERN RATTLESNAKE (contmued)

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil / /1 935 No Museum Specimen
8 miles S. of Harlowton

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil / /1 932 No Museum Specimen
2 miles S Hedgeville

Wheatland .5 to 5 mil /24/1926 No Museum Specimen
8 miles S. of Harlowton

Yellowstone 5 to 1 mil / / No Specimen Reported
See map in Davis 1 963

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Full text of "Preliminary amphibian and reptile survey of the Lewis and Clark National Forest: 1994"

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