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ttt Crf ET -M W *h ttt 

A D RA MA ZA DA A 



An Etymological Dictionary 



of 



Persian , English 



and other 



Indo-European Languages 




Ali Nourai 



x 



Tracing Words to their Origins 
Will help us Understand our Cultures 



The Main Features of this Dictionary 

1) Over 1600 COMMON ROOTS for 4700 Persian and 3300 English 
words 

2) Over 9400 COGNATES in more than fifty other languages 

3) NON INDO-EUROPEAN ROOTS are also included 

4) GRAPHIC CHARTS showing word relations 

5) WORD INDEX for each recorded language 

6) DOCUMENTATION of word relations 



c 



ONTENTS 



PREFACE A-l 

INTRODUCTION A-2 

THE SCIENCE OF ETYMOLOGY A-5 

BIBLIOGRAPHY A-7 

GUIDE TO USING THE DICTIONARY A-16 

PRONUNCIATION KEYS A-18 

ETYMOLOGICAL CHARTS 1-541 

INDEX OF ROOTS AND WORDS 545 

INTRODUCTION AND SELECTED ARTICLES IN PERSIAN A -X\ 



LIST OF TABLES 

IN THE ENGLISH ARTICLES 

TABLE I THREE MAJOR LANGUAGE GROUPS 

OF THE WORLD A- 4 

TABLE II SAMPLE OF CONSONANT SOUND CHANGES 

IN INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES A- 6 

TABLE III LIST OF REFERENCES BY LANGUAGE 

AND AUTHOR NAMES A-8 

TABLE IV ABBREVIATION OF REFERENCES A-9 

TABLE V GUIDE FOR INTERPRETING 

ETYMOLOGICAL CHARTS A-17 

TABLE VI PRONUNCIATION KEYS A-19 



Preface 



Words are the elements of a language used to identify objects, formulate 
ideas and express feelings. These words are also a mirror in that they are a 
reflection of the cultural history and development of a people. 

Tracing words to their origins will open a new window to human 
civilization and culture and help us understand the roots of some of our present 
social trends and attitudes. For example, the etymology of words for family 
members clearly shows the division of responsibilities and position of each 
member in the most basic unit of society - the family. Father was the "protector" 
of the family, mother was the "feeder", brother was the load "carrier" and 
daughter was the "milker". If one makes the effort to read beyond the shallow 
shell of sounds and symbols, one can recognize our human oneness portrayed in 
our words and their historical roots. Consider, for example, the English word 
family, referring to "a group of people belonging to the same house." The 
equivalent of this word, in Persian, is dudman (family ^U^a), meaning "a group 
of people sitting around the same fire." These words have been derived from 
different roots and have evolved in distant places on earth. Yet, the "feelings and 
ideas" behind the composition of both words are expressive of the same intimacy 
innate to all human beings. Family and dudman both portray a parallel human 
situation: a group of people from the same "home" who sit around the same 
"fire." 

Unfortunately, the superficial differences in our colorful words have 
disguised our oneness. The intolerance of differences has penetrated so deeply 
that, throughout history, many nations have attempted to use the differences in 
languages as a means to subjugate or humiliate others. For example, the word 
"barbarian," which literally means "people who speak a different language," has 
been so widely abused that today its meaning is all inclusive to mean wild and 
uncivilized. 

The primary motivation for writing this dictionary is the hope that it may 
foster a greater appreciation of the variances among different languages and 
cultures, and ultimately nurture a greater understanding among those who speak 
apparently different languages. After all, we have all come from the same 
"home", have gathered around the same "fire" and share the same innate "Human 
Language." 

A. Nourai 



A-l 



Introduction 



When we go through the process of tracing words to their origins, we are, 
in essence, tracing our civilization to its most basic roots. While archeology 
brings us physical facts about our ancestors, etymology portrays a clearer picture 
of their emotions, ideas and inner world. 

Persian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages which also 
includes English, French, German and many other languages (See Table I). It is 
quite evident that in tracing any Persian word to its origins, its cognates in other 
Indo-European languages must be considered. In this dictionary, English 
cognates are regularly referred to along with some other Indo-European 
equivalents. Since the Persian and English languages have borrowed many 
words from Semitic, Turkish and other languages that do not belong to the Indo- 
European group, these words are also analyzed and presented in this dictionary. 

Altogether, over 1,600 roots and 17,400 derived words are presented in 
this dictionary. About half of the entries are from Persian and other Iranian 
languages. These words can be divided into the following approximate language 
groups: 

Persian 4,700 words 
Other Iranian Languages 

(Avestan, Old Persian, Pahlavi, Sogdian, etc.) 4,300 words 

English 3,300 words 

Greek & Latin 1,500 words 

Indo-European roots 1,400 words 

Arabic, Hebrew & other Semitic languages 800 words 

French, German, Italian & Spanish 400 words 

Sanskrit & Indian (Hindustani) 400 words 

Other languages 700 words 

If we look at all languages collectively, and with a truly open mind, we 
see that there is little difference between what is considered as a "foreign" word 
and what is believed to be a "native" word. The difference is mainly in the time 
of entry into a language. Some words have entered a language "sooner" in history 
and are, therefore, better rooted and more widely accepted than others. All 
languages have exchanged words throughout their history. A "pure" language is 
nothing more than a myth. 

Probably the first known massive word exchanges among Indo- 
Europeans took place about four thousand years ago when they began to migrate 

A-2 



out of their homeland. They went west to establish the European nations and 
south to establish the Indian and Iranian nations. There were undoubtedly 
massive word exchanges among the Indo-Europeans and the local tribesmen. 

Throughout its long history and for various social, cultural and political 
reasons, the Persian language has enriched itself by exchanging words with many 
other languages while maintaining its original identity. Besides having a direct 
lineage, many Indo-European words have reached Persian through other 
languages. For example, serat ie\yo , eblis ^Jbf and khiyal JL> are Indo- 
European words that have reached Persian after going through and accepting the 
shape and accent of Semitic languages. Yet other words such as hendeseh <u>wUa> , 
zaman ^Uj and rezq jjjj are examples of old Iranian words that have reached 
Persian through Arabic. 

Some borrowed words are used internationally appearing in almost all 
languages. Examples of these words are volt 0J3 , mikrob o^ , metr ju> and 
telefon ^D . Algorithm (algoritm ^jj^JT) is another international word which 
was coined after the Iranian mathematician of the ninth century, Mohammad 
Kharazmi ^jj^- , who introduced algebra to the world. 

Many of the borrowed words have been so Persianized and have 
penetrated so deeply throughout the literature and poetical heritage that it is 
almost impossible to separate them from the Persian language. Considering the 
beauty and the depth of the spiritual thoughts expressed in the poems of Molavi, 
Hafez, SaMi and other poets who have used so many Persianized Arabic words, it 
is futile to even think about abandoning these words. Omitting these Persianized 
words is like erasing a significant part of the Persian heritage and identity. This 
assimilation of foreign words, of course, is not a unique feature of the Persian 
language. Imagine omitting all the Greek and Latin words from English, or other 
European languages: the result would be impractical and severely restricted 
languages. 

Having an open mind about accepting foreign words, however, does not 
mean we should arbitrarily borrow words from other languages and use them 
carelessly. While proper borrowing of words can actually enrich a language and 
contribute to its survival, wanton usage of foreign words can easily corrupt a 
language, inhibit its growth and obscure its identity. 



A-3 



TABLE I 
Three Major Language Groups of the World 

(Some languages are not shown) 



INDO-EUROPEAN 



~ 








I 


Celtic 




Greek 


T 








Irish, Welsh 








i 


T 


GERMANIC 


' 


' 








Swedish, 
Norse 






* 


' 




German 


Du1 


en 









I 



Indo-Iranian (Aryan) 



I 



Sanskrit 

Indian 

Hindustani 



X 



OLD 
IRANIAN 



Sogdian, Kurdish 

Baluchi, Pashto 

and other Iranian 

Languages 



Old Persian, 
Avestan 



Old & Middle English 



1 



Old Slavic 



Russian 



Armenian 



LATIN 



i_ 



Middle Persian, Pahlavi 



ENGLISH 



I 



Italian 
Spanish 



PERSIAN 



FRENCH 



TT 



semitic~| 



North West 



North East 



South West 



Aramaic 



Akkadian 



Altaic] 



Hebrew 



Mongolian, Korean 



Uzbek, Kazakh 



ARABIC 



TURKISH 



A-4 



The Science of Etymology 

In 1786, a British judge in India, Sir William Jones, himself familiar with 
the Greek and Latin languages, declared that there was a strong affinity among 
Latin, Greek and Sanskrit. He postulated that they all sprang from a common 
root which was later referred to as the Indo-European family of languages. His 
announcement marked the beginning of the modern science of linguistics. 

Indo-European was not a written language. However, about two 
thousand of its root words have been reconstructed by comparing words of 
similar sound and meaning among its derived languages. As the Indo-European 
people started to migrate, their language split into many different dialects that 
stemmed from the phonetic habits or preferences of different tribes. The key to 
the science of comparative linguistics and etymology, is the fact that these sound 
changes followed a rather systematic pattern that is used to determine 
relationships among dissimilar words in different languages. 

A detailed discussion of sound changes among languages is beyond the 
scope of this dictionary. However, as an example for obtaining a sense of how the 
word roots were discovered, consider the "P" sound at the beginning of Indo- 
European words that is preserved in Persian and Greek, but is changed to "F" in 
Germanic. Therefore, the Indo-European word "Pa-ter: protector" became 
"Pedar: father: jju" in Persian but changed to "Father" in English (through 
Germanic). Table II shows more examples of such sound changes. 

In addition to established patterns of sound changes among languages, 
there are also certain sound shiftings that occur within a language. For example, 
the R/L ( j / J ) sound change is noticed all over the world in old and new 
languages and is also observed in many Persian words such as surdkh and suldkh 
( jMj}~> / £y$~> )• Transposition of letters in a word is another source of sound 
change within or among languages such as English bird from older Germanic 
brid and Persian "magi : brainy*©" from its older form "ma zg £y> ." 

The rules and known patterns of sound changes are used to trace words 
back to their origins. It should also be noted that the patterns of many sound and 
word changes are not fully understood yet, therefore, there is some uncertainty 
about the correct roots of some words. 



A-5 



TABLE II 

Sample of Consonant Sound Changes 
in Indo-European Languages 



Indo - European 
ROOT 


English Words through: 


Persian through 
Avestan and 
Old Persian 


Germanic 


Greek 


Latin 


BH 
Bhue: to be 
Bhudh: base 


B 
be 

bottom 


PH 

physics 


F 

future 
foundation 


B 

biidan: to be ^ijj 
bon: base ^ 


D 

Dwo: two 
Dekm: ten 


I 

two 
ten 


D 


D 

dime 


D 

do: two 3A 
dah: ten oi 


G 

Gel: form into a ball 
Gene: to give birth to 


K 

club 
king 


G 

gene 


G 

globe 
generate 


Z/G 

goliileh: bullet Ji^ir 
zaidan: to bear o-^'j 


GH 
Ghel: yellow color 


G 

gold 


KH 

chlorine 


H 


Z 

zar: gold ^ 


Y 

Yeu 1: young 
Yeu 2: to join 


J 00 

young 
yoke 


H 


J 

juvenile 
join 


Y (J in Persian) 
javan: young J\^ 
yug: yoke ^ 


L 

Leuk: light 


L 

light 


L 


L 

luster 


E 

rosan: bright ^>^ 


P 

Pa-ter: protector 
Ped: foot 
Pet: fat 
Pel: to fill 
Penkwe: five 


F 

father 
foot 

fat 

full 

five 


P 

Pope 
podium 

poly- 
pentagon 


P 

paternal 
pedicure 
pine 
plenty 


P 

pedar: father joj 
pa: foot b 
pih: fat <uj 
por: full jj 
panj: five ^> 


s 

Sem: one 
Septm: seven 


s 

same 
seven 


H 

Homo- 


s 

single 
September 


H 

ham: same ^ 
haft: seven oi& 


W 

We: to blow 
Werg: to work 


W 

wind 
work 




V 
vent 


V (B in Persian) 
bad: wind ab 
varzes: sport J-jjj 



A-6 



Bibliography 



With the exception of a very few, Persian dictionaries have categorically 
neglected to address the etymology of words. Besides a few etymological 
dictionaries written expressly for the Persian language, the information on roots 
of Persian words is sparsely scattered and buried in dictionaries written for other 
Indo-European languages. Extracting this information, however, is difficult and 
time consuming as most of these books neither provide an index of Persian 
words, nor follow the derivations up to the forms which are used in modern 
Persian. 

It took more than twelve years to search hundreds of references and 
uncover the word relations presented in this dictionary. Many days were spent 
searching for "missing links" between the sets of incomplete etymological data 
available in different references. The established links identified among words 
are documented with the reference names and page numbers. Observed 
differences of opinion among references are discussed in appropriate footnotes. 

Cited references are abbreviated with three letters followed by a page 
number (e.g. BQT:128). If a reference has identical page numbers in different 
volumes, the volume number is shown after the abbreviation and before the colon 
(e.g. MON5:168, which is interpreted as reference MON, volume 5, page 168). 
Table III provides a list of cited references by language and author name. Table 
IV lists the reference abbreviations in alphabetical order. The four most 
frequently cited references in compiling this dictionary are: 

POK Indo-European roots, 

BQT (footnotes) Persian derivatives, 

AHD English derivatives, 

KLN Semitic roots and English derivatives. 

More than half of the 11,000 documented references quoted in this dictionary are 
cited from these four sources. 



A-7 



TABLE III 

List of References by Language and Author Name 

( See Table IV for Reference Abbreviations) 



PERSIAN 



ENGLISH 



FRENCH 



Authors 


Ref. 


AbolghasemT M. 


ETM 




FFD 




TZF 




ZFS 


Ahmad Soltam M. 


VFO 


Akhavan Zanjani K. 


SOR 


ATam A. J. 


AKM 


A" mid H. 


AMD 


Aryan, A. 


ARM 


Asadi TusT 


FRS 


Badreh-i 


VDQ 


Bahar M. T. 


SBK 


DanayT F. 


FNI 


Daneshgar A. 


FAF 


Emam ShfishtarT 


FVF 


FarahvashT B. 


IRN 


Gharib B. 


SOD 


(in Persian & English ) 




Hasan! da"T Al-Eslam 


KAS 


Jonaydi F. 


NFI 




ZMA 


Khadiv Jam H. 


VGH 


Khaleqi Motlaq Jalal 


AEF 


KhaliliK. 


MMF 


Kowsar B. 


SNB 


Mehravand K. 


VSF 


Mo'in M. 


MON 


MoshM M. 


VOP 


NafTsi S. 


DMO 


Nahvi S. M. 


FVA 


Natel Khanlari P. 


MZF 


NoushTn A. H. 


FSF 


OranskT & Keshavarz 


MFL 


Pur Davud 


FIB 


Rashed Mohassel 


DZA 


Rokn Zadeh - 




Adamiyyat M.H. 


ARK 


Sajjadiyyeh M. A. 


IRT 




VIE 


Sayyah A. 


SAP 


Tabriz! M.H.(Borhan) 


BQT 


Tavoosi M. 


SNS 



Authors 


Ref. 


Baily H.W. 


BLY 




ZAP 




ISS 


Berlitz 


NAT 


Bliss A. J. 


FWE 


Buck C. D. 


SYN 


Collins W. 


WEB 


Claiborne R. 


ROW 


Davis P. 


DVS 


Gershevitch I. 


AHM 


Gupta S. K. 


CEL 


Funk I. K. 


FSD 


Henning W. P. 


LST 




MPP 




SLW 




SOG 


Horn P. 


BST 


Jackson A.V.W. 


AVG 


Jeffrey A. 


FVQ 


Kent R. G 


KNT 


Kinder H. & 




Hilgemann W. 


AWH 


Klein E. 


KLN 


Laufer B. 


SIN 


MacKenzie 


PHD 


Mann S. E. 


IEC 


Morris W. 


AHD 


Nyberg H.S. 


NYB 


Partridge E. 


PRT 


PeiM. 


PEI 


Platts J. T. & 




Ranking G.S.A. 


GPL 


Richardson J. 


RCH 


Shipley J. T. 


SHP 




OEW 


Skeat W. W. 


SKT 


Speake J. 


OXF 


Taylor W. 


TYL 


Tolman H. C. 


TLM 


Unvala J. M. 


UNV 


Widengren G. 


MAG 


Withworth G. C. 


AID 


Yule H. & 




Burnel A. C. 


HJB 



Authors 


Ref. 


Darmester J. 


DRM 


Devic L. M. 


DEV 


Duchesne - 




Guillemin 


EAV 


Ernout A.& 




Meillet 


LAT 


Lammens H. 


LAM 


Pihan A. P. 


PHN 



ARABIC 



Authors 


Ref. 


Addi Shir 
Jawaliqi 
Tha'alebi 
Unaysi T. 


AFM 
ARB 
KFL 

TAD 



GERMAN /DUTCH 



Authors 


Ref. 


Asbaghi A. 


PLA 


Bartholoma 


BRT 




HID 




ZAW 


Dozy (Dutch) 


DOZ 


Dvorak R. 


FWK 


Frankel S. 


AFA 


Horn P. 


HRN 


Hubschmann 


HUB 


Ibrahim J. 


KGW 


Lagarde P. 


LAG 


Liden E 


AIN 


Lokotsch K. 


LKT 


Pokorny J. 


POK 


Siddiqi A. 


SDQ 


Spiegel F. 


SPG 




ARP 


Vambery H. 


TTS 


Walde A. 


LEW 




WLD 


Zimmern H 


AKD 



A-8 



TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations 



1 


AEF 


2 


AFA 


3 


AFM 


4 


AHD 


5 


AHM 


6 


AID 


7 


AIN 


8 


AKD 


9 


AKM 





AMD 


i 


ARB 


2 


ARK 


3 


ARM 


4 


ARP 


5 


AVG 


6 


AWH 



Jalal KhaleqT Motlaq, Asas Eshteqaq Farsi , ^j 1 * JISsAl o" 1 -'' 

Vol. I (a - kh), Bonyad Farhang Iran, 1977. 

Siegmund Fraenkel, Die Aramaischen Fremdworter 
im Arabischen , Hildesheim, 1962. 

Addi Shir, Al-Alfaz Al-Farsiyya Al-Mu'arraba , 

( A Dictionary of Persian Words in the Arabic Language ), 
Library of Lebanon, 1980.. 

W. Morris, The American Heritage Dictionary , 

New College Edition, 1975, Appendix on Indo-European Roots, pp 1505-1550. 

I. Gershevitch, The Avestan Hymn to Mithra , 

Oriental Publications No.4, Cambridge University Press, 1959. 

G. C. Withworth, Anglo-Indian Dictionary . 

Kegan Paul, Trench & Co, London 1885. 

E. Liden, Studien zur Altindischen und Vergleichenden 

Sprachgeschichte , Almqvist & Wiksells, Upsala 1897. 

H. Zimmem, Akkadische Fremdworter Als Beweis 
Fur Babylonischen Kultureinfluss , Leipzig 1917. 



Amir J. ATam, Farhang A'alam Ketab Moqaddas 
or, A Dictionary of Proper Names in the Bible, 

English - Persian, Iran University Press, Tehran 1988. 

H. A" mid, Farhang Farsi Amid , 

Two volumes, Amir Kabir Press, Tehran, 1369 (1990). 

Jawaliqi, Al-Mu'arrab , Tehran 1966. 

M. H. Rokn Zadeh - Adammiyat, Arkan Sokhan , 
Sharq Press, Tehran 1347 (1968). 



^W-\A£ h_)UT joMc' OwJbjd 



-W*c ^— *>jl^ OwJfcjd 



£^~> O^j' 



A. Aryan, k s~'j'* lSj^ ^)~>^ ^*j' -ujUa ^la o^lj oiajs 

Farhang Vajheh-hay Hamanand, Armani - AvestaT, Pahlavi, FarsT , 

Vol. I (a), Bonyad Nayshabflr, Tehran 1363 (1984). 

F. Spiegel, Die Arische Periode und ihre Zustande , Leipzig ,1887. 

A. V. W. Jackson, An Avesta Grammer , 
W. Kohl Hammer, Stuttgart 1892. 

H. Kinder & W. Hilgemann, Atlas of World History . 

2 vol., Anchor Books, 1974. 



A-9 



TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued ...) 



17 


BLY 


18 


BQT 


19 


BRT 


20 


BST 


21 


CEL 


22 


DEV 


23 


DMO 


24 


DOZ 


25 


DRM 


26 


DVS 


27 


DZA 


28 


EAV 


29 


ETM 


30 


FAF 


31 


FFD 



H. W. Baily, "Hvatanica II", (Glossary of some Khotanese words with reference 
to Avestan and Persian words), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African 
Studies (BSOAS IX:1937-39) pp 69-78, University of London. 

M. H. Tabriz! (Borhan), Borhan Qate' , ^l»ls ^i&j> 

Etymological footnotes by Dr. M. MoTn, 4 vol, 
Amfr Kabrr Press, Tehran 1362 (1983). 

C. Bartholomae, Altiranisches Worterbuch Zusammen Mit Den 
Nacharbeiten Und Vorarbeiten , Walter de Gruyter Press, 1979. 

Paul Horn, "Some Inscriptions on Sassanian Gems", Avesta, Pahlavi and 
Ancient Persian Studies, First Series, pp 224-263, Bombay Educational Society's 
Press, 1904. 

S. K. Gupta , A Comparative Etymologic Lexicon of Common Indo-European 
Words , 6 Vol., Sverge Haus Publishers, Milton, Ma, 1997 

L. M. Devic, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Mots Francais D'Origin 
Orientale, Oriental Press 1876. 



S. NafisT, Par Maktab Ostad, ilx-,1 

Zohreh Press, Tehran 1344 (1965). 

R. Dozy, Verklarende Lisjt der Nederlandsche Woorden, 
Die Uit Het Arabisch, Hebreeuwsch, Chaldeeuwsch, 
Perzisch en Turksch Afkomstig Zijn , Leiden 1867. 

J. Darmester, Etudes Itaniennes , Paris 1883. 

P. Davis, Roots - Family History of Familiar Words , 

McGraw-Hill Book Company 1981. 



M. T. Rashed Mohassel, Daramadi Bar Dastur ^^jl oki _}f~>* j>. iSJ^>^ 
Zaban AvestST , Khajeh Press, Tehran 1364 (1985). 

J. Duchesne-Guillemin, "Etymologies Avestiques", 

Bulletin of the school of Oriental and African Studies 
(BSOAS IX: 1937-39) pp 861-869, University of London. 



M. Abolghasemr, RTsheh ShenasT - Etimologi , 

Ghoghnoos Press, Tehran 1374 (1995). 

A. Daneshgar, Farhang A'alam Farsi , 
Hafez NovTn Press, 1370 (1991). 

M. Abolghasemr, Fe'lhay FarsT Pari , 

Ghoghnoos Press, Tehran 1374 (1995). 



v ^«>jls pMel <^&Aji 



A- 10 



TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued...) 



32 


FIB 


33 


FNI 


34 


FRS 


35 


FSD 


36 


FSF 


37 


FVA 


38 


FVF 


39 


FVQ 


40 


FWE 


41 


FWK 


42 


GPL 


43 


HID 


44 


HJB 


45 


HRN 


46 


HUB 


47 


IEC 



Pur Davfld, Farhang Iran Bastan , 

Vol. I, University of Tehran Press 1326 (1947). 

F. DanaT, Farhang Namhay Irani , 

Negah Publishers, Tehran 1370 (1991). 

AsadT Tflsi, Farhang Fors , 

Kharazmi Press, Tehran 1365 (1986). 



^iljjl ^cUj^cLs >^fl>jS 



Funk and Wagnalla, New Standard Dictionary of the English Language , 

Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York, 1940. 

A. H. Noushin, Farhang Shahnameh Ferdowsi, oULS 03I3 - ^-jiy i*La>Li ^^ay 
Vajheh Namak , Donya Press, Tehran 1363 (1984). 

S. M. Nahvi, Farhang VSm J-^-i - ^->jl» j* ^o^ ^gb. 03I3 ^(3 ^S^a,^ 

Vajhehhay Arabi dar Farsi, Dakhil , 

TohT Azadi Press 1368 (1989). 

S. M. A. Emam Shflshtari, ^c ^bj ji ^-"j 1 * iS^ °j'3 «-fc»j» 

Farhang Vajhehhay Farsi dar zaban Arabi, 

Anjoman Asar Melli, No 58, Bahman Press, Tehran, 1347 (1968). 

A. Jeffrey, The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur'an , (see VDQ). 
Oriental Institute, Baroda, Stephen Austin & Sons Press, Great Britain 1938 

A. J. Bliss, A Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases 
in Current English , Warner Books, 1966. 

R. Dvorak, "Fremdworter im Koran", Doctoral Dissertation, 
Akademische Buchdruckerei von F. Straub (1884). 

J.T. Platts and G.S.A. Ranking, A Grammar of the Persian Language , 

Oxford University Press (1911). 

B. Bartholomae, Handbuch der Altlranischen Dialekte , 

Breitkopf &Hartel, Leipzig 1883. 

H. Yule & A. C. Burnel, Hobson Jobson, A Glossary of Colloqual Anglo- 
Indian Words , Oriental Publishers, Delhi 1903-1968. 

Paul Horn, Grundriss der NeuPersischen Etymology , 

Verlag von Karl J. Trubner, Strassburg 1893-1974. 

H. Hubschmann, Persische Studien, Verlag von Karl J. Trubner, 
Strassburg 1895. 

Stuart E. Mann, An Indo-European Comparative Dictionary , 

Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg 1987 



A-ll 



TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued...) 



48 


IRN 


49 


IRT 


50 


ISS 


51 


KAS 


52 


KFL 


53 


KGW 


54 


KLN 


55 


KNT 


56 


LAG 


57 


LAM 


58 


LAT 


59 


LEW 


60 


LKT 


61 


LST 


62 


MAG 


63 


MFL 



gsj^jljjf 



C. FarahvashT, Iranvij, Tehran University Press, 1368 (1989). 

M. A. Sajjadiyyeh, Tabar Moshtarek Iranian oMjj 3 } jljljjl 

va Turanian, Bonyad Nayshabflr 1368 (1989). 

H. W. Baily, Indo-Scythian Studies (Khotanese Texts - volume VI), 

Cambridge University Press, 1967. 



M. A. Hasani Da'i Al-Eslam, ojj£-^-< oki jy^j* 

Khod Amoz Zaban Sanskrit , Danesh Press, Tehran 1361 (1982). 

Tha'alebT, Ketab Feqh al-Logheh, Beirut, 1885. 

Jamshid Ibrahim, Kulturgeschichtliche Wortforschung. 
(Persisches Lehngut in Europaischen Sprachen , Wiesbaden 1991. 

D. Klein, A comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the 
English Language , Two volumes, Elsevier Publishing Co., 1966. 

R. G. Kent, Old Persian - Grammer, Text, Lexicon , 

American Oriental Society, 1953. 

P. Lagarde, Persische Studien , Dieterichsce Verlag, Gottingen 1884. 

Henri Lammens, Remarques sur les Mots Francais Derives 
de l'Arabe , Imprimerie Catholique, Beyrouth 1890. 

A. Ernout & A. Meillet, Dictionnaire Etymologique de 
la Langue Latine , Paris, 1951. 

A. Walde, Latinisches Etymologisches Worterbuch , 

(With Avestan and Persian Indices), Heidelberg 1938. 

K. Lokotsch, Etymologisches Worterbuch der Europaischen 
Worter Orientalischen Ursprunges , Heidelberg 1927. 

W. B. Henning, Bibliography of Important Studies on 
Old Iranian Subjects , Ketab Khaneh Danesh, Tehran 1950. 

G. Widengren, Mohammad, The Apostle of God , 

Chapter VIII, "Iranian Elements in the Kuranic Vocabulary", 

Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift, Uppsala, 1955 

A. M. Oranski, Moqaddameh Feqh Al-Logheh Irani , ^'jj' '**>S^ & Z»Mb 

Translated into Persian by K. Keshavarz, Payam press, Tehran 1358 (1979). 



A- 12 



TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued ...) 



64 


MMF 


65 


MON 


66 


MPP 


67 


MZF 


68 


NAT 


69 


NFI 


70 


NYB 


71 


OEW 


72 


OXF 


73 


PEI 


74 


PHD 


75 


PHN 


76 


PLA 


77 


POK 


78 


PRT 


79 


RCH 



K. Khalili, Dictionary of Derivatives of the Persian ^wjls jiLa* ol£ii* >_£^&ji 
Infinitives or Farhang Moshtaqqat Masader FarsT , 

Institute of Cultural Studies and Research, Tehran, 1993. 



M. Mo" in, Farhang FarsT MoT'n, 

Six volumes, Amir Kabir press 1363 (1984). 



O^*® <&*J* t-Xi&jd 



W. Henning, "A List of Middle - Persian and Parthian Words", 

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 
(BSOAS IXT937-39) pp 79-92, University of London. 

P. Natel Khanlan, Mabahes Adabi va ^j 1 * okj »j L i) i lAr* 3 <s>^ ^- a-L !* 

Honari darbareh Zaban Farsi , Sokhan press, Tehran 1340 (1961). 

C. Berlitz, Native Tongues, Grosset & Dunlapp Publishers, New York, 1982 

F. Jonaydi, Nameh Farhang Iran , ^Ijjl ^»js i*b 

Bonyad Nayshabfir, Tehran 1368 (1989). Section 4, translated 
from C.H. Rempis' "Persische Worter im Deutschen," in Mitteilungen, Institut 
fur Auslands-Beziehungen, Iran-Nummer, 3/4, Stuttgart, 1960, S.229-233. 

H. S. Nyberg, A Manual of Pahlavi, Wiesbaden 1974. 

J. T. Shipley, The Origins of English Words, 

The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1984. 

Jennifer Speake, Oxford Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases , 

Oxford University Press, New York 1997 

M. Pei, The Families of Words , Harper & Brothers press, New York 1962. 

D. N. MacKenzie, A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary . 

Oxford University press, London 1971. 

A. P. Pihan, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Motes de la Langue Francaise 
Derives de L'Arabe, du Persan ou du Turc , Paris 1866. 

Asya Asbaghi, Persische Lehnworter im Arabischen . 

Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1988 

J. Pokorny, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Worterbuck , 

Two volumes, Francke verlag, Bern 1959. 

E. Partridge, Origins - A short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English , 

MacMillan Co., NewYork 1958. 

J. Richardson, Dictionary, Persian, Arabic and English with Dissertation on 
the Languages, Literature and Manners of Eastern Nations , 

Sange-e-Meel Publications, Lahore 1829-1984. 



A-13 



TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued...) 



80 


ROE 


81 


SAP 


82 


SBK 


83 


SDQ 


84 


SHP 


85 


SIN 


86 


SKT 


87 


SLW 


88 


SNB 


89 


SNS 


90 


SOD 


91 


SOG 


92 


SOR 


93 


SPG 


94 


SYN 


95 


TAD 



R. Caliborne, The Roots of English, A Reader's Hanbook 
of Word Origins , Anchor Books, New York, 1989. 

A. Sayyah, Farhang Sayyah, Arabic - Persian Dictionary , ^}~> «^a> J s 

Three volumes, Translation of the Arabic "Al-Monjed" Dictionary, 
Eslam Publications, Tehran 1368 (1989). 

M. T. Bahar, Sabk ShenasT - Tarikh Tatawor Nasr Farsi , ^Ls ._£_> 

Vol I, Tehran 1321 (1942). 

A. Siddiqi, Studien uber die Persischen Fremdworter im 
Klassischen Arabisch , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gottingen 1919. 

J. T. Shipley, Dictionary of Word Origins , 

Philosophical Library press, New York 1945. 

G. Laufer, Sino-Iranica, Chinese Contributions to the History of 
Civilization in Ancient Iran , Field museum of natural History, publication 201, 
Anthropological Series, Vol XV, No. 3, Chicago 1919. 

W. W. Skeat, A Concise Etymological Dictionary of 

the English Language , Clarenden press, Oxford 1882-1967. 

W. B. Henning, "Sogdian Loan-words in New Persian", 

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 
(BSOAS XT939-42) pp 93-106, University of London 

H. Kowsar, Sang Nebeshteh-ha Sokhan Miguyand , *ujj£~«> <jx* Ia •do .-&-> 

Military Public Relations, Iranian Military Press, Tehran (1960's). 



M. Tavoosi, A Glossary of Shayast Ne Shayast , 

Shiraz University publications, 1986. 

B. Ghanb, Sogdian - Persian - English 
Dictionary , Farhangan Press, Tehran, 1374 (1995). 



jLw ^uu oV 



ijij 



^ i m I ^ I - ^wjli - <^*Ajw o^jbji 



W. B. Henning, Sogdica , The Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1940. 

K. Akhavan Zanjani, Pajhuhesh Vajheh-hay ^-jls okj j^ ^kr" i^ 1 * °3'3 J^Jji 
Soryani dar Zaban Farsi , Bahman Press, Tehran 1369 (1990). 

Fr. Spiegel, Keilinschriften im Grundtexte mit Uebersetzung, Grammatik 
und Glossar , (cuneiform glossary of the Old Persian and Avestan ), Leipzig 1862. 

C. D. Buck, A Dictionary of the Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo- 
European Languages , University of Chicago press, 1949-1988. 

T. Unaysi , Tafsir al-Alfaz al-Dakhileh fe al-Loghat al-Arabiyeh , 

Dar al-Arab, Cairo, 1964. 



A- 14 



TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued...) 



96 


TLM 


97 


TTS 


98 


TYL 


99 


TZF 


00 


UNV 


01 


VDQ 


02 


VFO 


03 


VGH 


04 


VIE 


05 


VOP 


06 


VSF 


07 


WEB 


08 


WLD 


09 


ZAP 


10 


ZAW 


11 


ZFS 


12 


ZMA 



F. C. Tolman, Ancient Persian Lexicon , 

The Vanderbilt Oriental Series, American Book co. 1890-1908. 

G. Vambery, Etymologisches Worterbuch der 
Turko-Tatarischen Sprachen , Biblio Verlag, Osnabriick, 1972. 

W. Taylor, Arabic Words in English , Clarenton Press, London 1933. 

M. Abolghasemi, Tarikh Mokhtasar Zaban FarsT , ^-d 1 * oki j^""« ejJjIj 

Bonyad Andisheh EslamT Press, Tehran, 1373 (1994). 

J. M. Unvala, King Husrav and His Boy - Pahlavi Text and Glossary , 

Paul Geuthner publishers, Paris 1963. 

F. Badreh-t, Vajheh-hay Dakhil dar jl*=w oTj s j i J-'' 2 i^l&ejfj 

Qoran-e Majid , Translation of A. Jeffrey's book with 
Comments (see FVQ). Toos Publishers, Tehran 1372 (1993). 

M. Ahmad Soltam, Vajhgan FarsT dar Zabanhay ^jjl ^k-Sbj _ji ^j 1 * oT;'? 
OrupaT , Avay Niir Press, Tehran, 1372 (1993). 



H. Khadiv Jam, Vajheh Nameh Ghazalhay Hafez, 

Elmi Press, Tehran, 1371 (1992). 



£i9b» ^L^Jjc ^Ub OjT^ 



M. A. Sajjadiyyeh, Vajheh-hay Irani dar ^....JLCil ^bj ji ^IjjI ^la 03I3 

Zaban EngelTsT , Bonyad Nayshabur, Tehran 1364 (1985). 

M. MoshM, Farhang Vajheh-hay Orupayl ^-"j 1 * j* ^kiJ lS 1 * °3'3 >-^»j» 
dar FarsT, Alborz Press, Tehran 1371 (1992). 



K. Mehravand, Vajheh Sazi dar Zaban FarsT , 

Rasti press, Tehran 1349 (1970). 



v^-jl* ok) j 4 lSJ 1- °3'3 



W. Collins, Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary 
of the English Language , second edition 1978. 

A. Walde, Vergleichendes Worterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen, 

two volumes, Walter de Gruyter & co., Leipzig 1930-1973. 

H. W. Bailey, Zoroastrian Problems in the Ninth-Century Books , 

Clarendon press, Oxford 1943-1971. 

C. Bartholomae, Zum Altlranischen Worterbuch Nacharbeiten and 
Vorarbeiten , Vorlag von Karl J. Trubner, Strassburg 1906. 



M. Abolghasemi, Zaban FarsT va Sargozasht An , 

HTrmand Press, Tehran, 1375 (1996). 

F. Jonaydi, ZendegT va Mohajerat Aryaian, 

Bonyad Nayshabur, Tehran, 1374 (1995). 



A-15 



Guide to Using the Dictionary 

One of the most unique features of this dictionary is its graphical 
presentation of etymological data. The derivations of words are indicated with 
arrows rather than lengthy text. The arrows greatly simplify the process of 
tracing words to their roots. 

The words examined in the etymological charts are shown in 'word 
boxes'. Each word box is divided into two parts. The language and one or more 
references (See Table IV) are shown in the top part. The bottom part of a word 
box contains one or more cognate words, in the specified language. Persian 
words are written with the Persian alphabet, but their pronunciation is shown with 
a modified English alphabet. Wherever necessary, the usage of Persian words is 
clarified in the context of a poem. If a word has more than one root, the symbol 
of a pointing hand t 1 ^] refers the reader to the other root(s). Additional notes at 
the bottom of word boxes are provided as needed. 

All Charts begin with a shadowed root box 
located at the upper left corner of each chart. The 
flow of word derivations moves from top-to-bottom 
and from left-to-right as shown by the arrows. 

Table V illustrates a typical etymological chart that contains the most 
common derivatives from the Indo-European root 'Ka' or Qa , meaning to wish 
or desire. Derivatives of these words in Avestan, Old Persian, Pahlavi, Persian, 
Germanic, Latin and English languages have been extracted from different 
references as cited (See Table IV, Reference Abbreviations). 

In order to locate a word in this dictionary, such as Persian 'kam fir', 
Avestan 'ka', Latin 'cams' or English 'caress', the reader needs to refer first to 
the word index for each language at the end of this book. The word index refers 
the reader to both the page number of the chart, where the word is analyzed, and 
the root(s) of the word. Thus, once a word is found in any index, the reader can 
locate it in the dictionary by using the page number or the root of the word (charts 
are organized in alphabetical order of their root words). 

There are two indexes for Persian words. One is written and sorted in the 
Persian alphabet, while the other is a sorted list of their pronunciations in the 
modified English alphabet. The index of Persian alphabet words is provided at 
the end of the index section. 



A- 16 




TABLE V 
Guide for Interpreting Etymological Charts 



Example of a Chart 



Indo-European 03 POK:515 



Ka, Qa : to wish, desire 



\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 
C3 POK:515 



ka2, kam2, 
kama : desire 



Pahlavi 

El BQT:1578; SNS:209 



kam : desire 



Persian tfl BQT:1578 



kam : desire \\f 

Asadi 



Avestan / Old Persian HI POK:515, KNT:173 








? 




canah, cinah, Cinman : desire 

aspa - canah : horse lover *" Ekwos 















English 






horaz : one who desires 






whore 








English CQ AHD 


Latin £Q POK:515 






caress, charity, cherish 


carus : desire 









J 



Parts of a Chart 



Contents of a typical Word Box 



Word Box Borders 



Language LB Reference (s): page numbers 



Word: meaning, "** other roots, Persian words k- «yi 
Word: meaning, '*° other roots, Persian words ^->ils 
One line of poem showing usage of Persian words 
Notes on other possible derivations or special discussion 






Root Box 



Persian Word Box 



Other Word Boxes 



Arrow lines between boxes 
showing direction of word 
derivation 

Dotted lines inside boxes 
separate words into groups 



Book symbol preceding references(s) CO 
Hand symbol pointing to other roots "" 



A-17 



Pronunciation Keys 

The pronunciation of words in different languages is facilitated by a set 
of pronunciation keys shown in Table VI. These keys are very similar to 
transliteration characters. A complete transliteration character set, to suffice all 
the languages in this dictionary, would be much larger and more difficult to use 
than what is presented in Table VI. 

In Persian, there are several groups of letters that have a similar sound. 
For example, there are four Persian letters with a 'z' sound ( a>, J?, j and i); and 
three letters with an 's' sound ( £> , ^j> and i _ yi ). Since pronunciation, rather than 
transliteration, has been the purpose of using these characters, only one symbol, 
such as 'z' or 's', has been used for each group of letters with the same sound. 

Besides a basic set of symbols, which is used to help the readers in 
pronunciation of words, a few other character combinations like 'ch' for c, 'kh' 
for x, 'sh' for s, etc. are used to 'write' words in English. For example, the 
Iranian city of Khorram Shahr (j^Lay>) is pronounced "xorram-sahr," but is 
written as "Khorram Shahr" in an English text. 



A- 18 



TABLE VI 

Pronunciation Keys for Persian and other Languages 



Symbol Persian 


Persian 


Example 


English Example 


Alphabet 








a T 


ab 


^ 


far 


a f 


asb 


ywl 


man 


y 


ma'xaz 


Jt>L 


glottal stop 


b v 


bar 


a 


boy 


P V 


par 


ji 


pet 


t i»o 


talatom 


^VJ 


toy 


s o* o* *-* 


salam 


joMaJ 


son 


J c 


jabr 


j^r 


joy 


C [ch] E 


Cah 


oL> 


church 


h & c 


hadi 


tjs\& 


hot 


x [kh] t 


xar 


j«* 


Scottish loch 


d a 


dast 


\ _ -ii'i^ 


day 


Z .£ J»j i 


zan 


Oj 


zebra 


r j 


rah 


o!j 


ray 


Z [jh , zh] 3 


zarf 


J i> 


vision 


S [sh ] ji 


Sab 


i _ -ii* 


shop 


<f 


SaMi 


(^wfctw 


strong guttural sound 


9 [gh] £ 


gaz 


jl* 


gargling sound 


f j 


m 


Jj 


fun 


q [gh] j 


qu 


s* 


emphatic k 


k o- 


ketab 


vts" 


cake 


g ** 


gol 


Jf 


goat 


1 J 


lab 


V* 


lip 


m js 


man 


cy> 


man 


n o 


nan 


oii 


noon 


V 3 


vahed 


wto-t3 


voice 


y is 


yar 


jM 


yard 


u (long) ? f 


piil 


J* 


boot 


o (short) \ 


ostad 


ilXwt 


old 


6, ow (long) 3 t 


owraq 


Jla' 


toe 


l (long) ^f 


iman 


oM 


machine 


e (long) j> 


Jebra e 1 


J^j-r 


bee 



1) The keys in brackets [ ] are used for spelling words in English text 

2) Sogdian (a) sound is shown with Q 



A- 19 



A-20 



ETYMOLOGICAL 




ROO 




words 



A-21 



Ab 1 Ab 1 



A 



A 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:1 



Ab 1 , Ap 1 : water 



PART 1 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Pahlavi 03 kln:2 



ap : water 



W I Pahlavi 03 bqt:1 



,49; IRN:119; AEF:10 



ap-tab : a (hot) glittering object, sun ** Tap 
Za-ap : spring, river'^' Ud 1 , 6us 2 
O-pat-an : place of protected water ways 

: (modern city of Abadan in Iran) ^^ Pa 
aV-XUf : animal shelter for drinking 
and eating ^^ Swel 



h 


Persian 

03 AHD; BQT:1225; IRN:108; MON:1763 






ab : water ' j_j | 




Zahab : spring, river ( u*>l j ) u*>U& \ 




>*>% , o'->t>" < cAi" 




3- 1 i J^< t U#>W«I i )W*J' 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



julep®"wrdho 



W 



Persian 03 pla:22 



abnik : good (distilled) water^ NeM 



lX*J*ji 



w 



Arabic 03 WEB:44; PLA:27 



al-anbiq, al-ambiq : distilling apparatus 

Some references derive this from Greek "ambix: distill cup". 



h 


Persian ffl mon:362 


' 




anbiq:sw/ i^\ 



w 



Spanish 03 kln:47 



alambique 



French 03 kln:47 



alambic : stm 

Could be through Latin "alambicum". 



English 

03 KLN:47 



alembic : stm 



W 



Pahlavi ffl FVQ:46; ISS:3 



ap-rex : a water container for pouring f^~ Leigh 2 
na-ap : no water, undiluted (wine), pure^Ne 1 



h 


Persian ffl ISS:3 
abrizium U yjl 
nab : pure i^j\ji 





► I Arabic 



Persian 03 FVQ:46 



ebriq : a water container 



&J& 



J &■/• J*^**) ti | - J y - ') iS^y si » 3^ »' / 



w 

^ 



Sanskrit 03 ahd 



punj-ab : a region in India crossed by five rivers^^ Penkwe 



English 



Punjab 



Ab 1 Ab 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:1 
Ab 1 , Ap 1 : water 



PART 2 



~x 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



Avestan / Pahlayfr- 
03 KLN:2 



ap : water 



Persian 03 hrn:1; aef:2 



ab : glitter (as on water surface) ' ^ I 

aberU : "facial shine", good reputation q j I 

aftab : "glitter shine", sun uki I 

Fsrdowst j_» I j ( vo I J ^9 l) £~i£ ^l^J- _ i_JU9 1 Ja^- t jJ <0 Jj> I j£ 



W 



^ 



Arabic 03 AFM:7; FVF:11 



ab-baha : "glittering shine", elegance 
abboha : magnificence, elegance 



Persian 03 mon:131 



Obbohat : elegance C*fcjl 



Ab 2 I Ab 2 



W 



Semitic 03 FVQ:44; KLN:e 



~x 



Ab2: 



Arabic 03 FVQ:44; FVA:25; LKT:44 



ab, abu, a.b.v -.father 



Persian 03 fva:25; mon 



abu : father 



< (ijjl ) jjl 






V* 



Arabic 

03 FVQ:44; FVA:25; LKT:44; AHD:152 



abCi-zTna : "father of whoredom" 
referring to gibbons^^ Z.n.y 

ablJ-araq : "father of sweat", 
a spicy plant used in medicine 
^A.r.q 



Persian UJ MON:602; FVA:180 



buzTneh : gibbon ( ij) ^> ) <Uoj j> 

Molavt J^iS l)\ j\ j> jjl "CjjjJ Ji j! 



w 



Hindustani 03 prt:253 



bojina 



U 



French 03 kln:655 



This monkey was taken 
to France from India 
in the 18th century. 



English 

03 KLN:655 



gibbon 



V* 



Middle Latin 

03 AHD:152 



borraco 



Old French 03ahd:152 



borrace, bourrache 



English 03ahd:152 



borage : a spicy salad seasoning 



W 



Hebrew 03 kln:6 



abh : father 



English 03 kln* 



Abot 



W 



Hebrew 03 FVQ:44; KLN:6 



Abh-raham : father of the multitude (Abraham) 
Abh-ram : high father (Abram) 
Abh-ner : my father is light (Abner) ** N.w.r 
Ab-Salom : father is peace (Absalom)^ S.l.m 
Abh-igayil : father is rejoicing (Abigail) 
Yo-abh : the Lord is his father (Joab) 



Arabic 03 FVQ:44 



Abrahim: Abraham 



w 



Persian 



EbrahTm />*&>/) 



Molavf 



U <0 £p y IJ3 \j /J eUj y 



^ 



English 03 kln; ahd 



Abraham, Abram, Abner, Absalom, Abigail, Jaob 



Aba Abu 



Sanskrit / Old Persian 03 bqt:218; drm:129; lkt 



~X 



Aba, Sabha 



to assemble together 



M-Old Persian 03 bqt: 



218; DRM:129; LKT 



aba-Cari : p/ace of assembly ^Kwsl 



I, 



(•Pahlavi 03 bqt:212 



Va-Car : trade center 
See AEF:219for 
further discussion. 



^ 



Persian 03 mon; kln 



bazar : bazaar j\\[> 



Persian 03 BQT:219; HRN:38 



bazargan -.merchant ^ISjjl) 



Wl 



Turkish 



Italian 



English 03 ahd 



bazaar 



^ 



Semitic 03 kln:712 



A\b.r : 



to pass, cross 



Arabic ffl kln:712 



a .DJ : to pass, cross 
abara : he passes across 



Arabic ffl sbk:69 



w 



^ 



Hebrew ffl kln:712 



abhar : he passed across 
ibhri : he who came from 
across the river, the 
Hebrew people who had 
crossed the river were 
referred to as "Ibhri". 



3 . f. b : distorted form 
of "a \b.r" meaning to 
cross (dwell in) deserts 



Arabic ffl SBK:69; KLN:98 



a' fab : desert dweller, Arab 



V, 



Greek 03 kln:98 



Wl 



French 



Aramaic 

03 KLN:712 



Ibhray 



Arabic 



Persian UJ fva:260 



obur: 



passing, crossing jyx 



7i" 



J-P" ' ji* 



Persian 03 fva:265 



Arab 



U#> X 



Vjjw < _>lj*l < ylj*i 



English 03 kln:98 



Arab 



Persian 03 mon 



ebri : Hebrew 
ebranT : Hebrew 



J 1 J* 



Greek 



Ebraios 



Latin 



Hebraeus 



English 03 kln:712 



Hebrew 



Abu 



see root. 



Yb 



Hebrew 03 KLN:21; AHD:14 



Adhamah 



earth, red soil 



W 



Hebrew 03 kln:21 



Adam, Adam : made from red soil (earth), r 



W 



Arabic 

03 VDQ:106; FVQ:51 



Adam 



^ I Latin 



Adhamah | Ag 



^ 



English ffl KLN:21; AHD:14 



Adam 

Adams : a common family name. 
Name of a gum manufacturer. 



^\ 



Persian UJ M0N5:12 



Adam 



c*^ ' V J3 ^-^"^ -^,^tJ y^ <f»^- 



Persian 



adams : chewing £ 



0~» K 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:4 



Ag : to drive 

Ag TOS : pasture (where cattle is driven) 



Avestan 03 KLN:37; POK:4; PLA:194 



aZ : to drive 
azaiti : drives 

tara-az, tara-aZU : balance driver, 
scale Tel 



Persian UJ BQT:480; PLA:194 



taraZ : level, balanced, well shaped 
taraZU : balance, scale 



<6 1 



L«j OJU 4X) b IjJ 



£ ^T il il 



,^ 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:4; KLN:37 



a\ras : pasture 

astra 1 : whip 

asay a : of both wings? 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:35 



astr, astar : whip 



Persian 03 SNS:35 



astar : whip (obsolete) 



j~»\ 



This word was not found in MON or BQT 



Greek 03ahd 



agein : to drive 

StratOS-agein : leading the army, strategy ^Stsr 1 



French 

03 AHD:1273 



strateqie 



Persian UJ mon:246 



esteratezT 



(J^iljlJ 



English 



strategy 



V* 



English 



agony, agriculture 



W 



Latin 03ahd 



agere : to drive 
agens : acting agent 
ag-sla : wing 
ambractUS : envoy 



French 



agence, agent 



h 


Persian B3vop:10 


' 




azans : agency ^j>\\ \ 
azan : agent, policeman A|\ I 



^ 



^ 



English 



act, acre, exact, -gate, navigate 

agent, agency 

axle, axis, ambassador, embassy 



Agaru | Agaruh 



,W |Syriac 03 > 



Akkadian 03 kln 



~X 



Agaru : to hire 



Arabic 

03 AKD:47; FVQ:49 



a jara : he hired 



h 


Persian ffl mon 


' 




ejareh:renf ojk»| 




Ojrat : wage £j p-\ 




ajf: reward j?\ 




Hafez JJjiO ^IJ rw (j\ y CU^j^a* y>l 



w 



Greek 03 KLN:74; AHD:453 



angeloS : hired messenger 
eU-angel0S : messenger of 

good news 
evangelion : good news 



Persian 03 MON5:190 



Angelyun : good news, Bible 






^ 



v» 



Arabic 03 tad:5 



enjll : good news, Bible 



Persian UJ mon:369 



enjll : Bible (Ufil 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



angel, Los Angeles, Evangelical 



Sanskrit 03 kln:55 



~X 



Agaruh: 



W 



Arabic ffl kln:55 



al-OUd : the wood, 
also a stringed 
musical instrument 



^ 



Persian ffl bqt:1385 



UCl : any fragrant wood, also a musical instrument (lute) 



if 



Rahf Mo'ayyerf 



French 03 PHN:240; KLN:605,914 



luth : lute 

flute : this is influenced by "lute" but is probably from another root 



Persian 03 mon:2573 



folut 



y^li 



^ 



English 03 ahd:776 



lute, flute 



v* 



^ 



Hebrew 03 prt:13 
aloth : aloe 



Greek 



Latin 



English 03 AHD:36; PHN:36 

aloe 



Agh | Agurru 



WAvestan 03 pok:8 



Indo-European 03 pok:7,8 



~X 



AC( n : to be depressed, to be afraid 
AC( il I O : disagreeable, adverse 



ago, aga: bad, ugly 



I, 



i-Pahlavi ffl sns:38 



ag, ak : trouble, ugliness 





Persian 03 SNS:38; BQT:52 




ak, ak : trouble, deficiency 

Suzant J> 1 Xjrfj yj \y JbX^o 





L 



Persian 03 SNS:38; BQT:90 



ax, ax : a word of rejection, disgust and grief m \ , m \ 

Loghatnameh 4j 4j <0 , al (Jl> 4Lj i jl J5 jl <0 jw _ » » <0 <i»l (jl> <l> Jjlij jl <0 L5ji>) 






Old English 03 ahd 



eglan : to trouble 



Old Norse 03 ahd 



agi : frightened 



English 03 ahd 



ail, ailment 



English 03 ahd 



awe, awesome 



Aghlo 



Agros 



A-gur-ru 



see root: Agh 
see root: Ag 
see root: Agurru 



Akkadian 03 akd:31; knt:165 



Agurru, A-gur-ru : baked day, brick 



W 



Old Persian 03 knt:165; pla:6 



aguru : brick 



I, 



(-Pahlavi 03 pla:6 



agur 



^ 



Persian 03 PLA:6; AFA:5; MON:78 



agur : brick ( ijJj^J , J jf\ ) jf~\ 



I, 



(f-Arabic 

03 AFA:5; PLA:6; AKD:31; AFM:7 



ajur: brick 

This word could have entered Arabic 

directly from Akkadian / Aramaic (AFA:5) 



Persian 03 mon:78 



ajor : brick 



7?' 



Ahu Ai 



Avestan 03 bqt:72 



~X 



AhU: 



w 



w 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:72 



ahiik 2 : fault 



Persian 03 brt:345 



ahu 2 -.defect ^M 

VTs-o-Ramtn ^o U jAit> ij\i JuiJ jil - g& jLo jit>l J «*^j 

FAF:38 claims this word is from AV "a-hu: not good". 



Avestan 

03 BQT:72; FAF:36; KNT:167 



ahita : dirty, faulty 
an-ahita : not dirty, clean, 
innocent, spotless He 1 



^ 



Persian ffl faf:36 



Anahlta : "innocent, clean", a female name wJ&Ul 

Nahld : "innocent, clean", a female name, a bright star XJ&U 



■Uj_3l jyJ> 3 -U-&U oJJwl>jJi - Xi3) j^'j 3 J^V* 5 y ij**j> 



0> J 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:10 
A I : to give 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 pok:10 



aeta : share 



Greek 03ahd 



dia-ithan : to decide on one's life 



English 



diet 



Aidh | Aig- 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 prt; kln; ahd 
Aidh, ES 1 -.toburn 



^\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:11 



aesmo : heat 
heZUm : fire wood 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:2407; HRN:249 


' 




hTzom : firewood 
hTmeh : firewood 
Molavt JAIS <Uvot>y l5jt> ^ J) JJ 





Avestan 

03 POK:11; HRN:108; SYN:604 



istya : dried clay, brick 



Pahlavi 

03 SNS:36 



Xist : clay brick 



Persian UJ BQT:750; SYN:604 



Xest 1 : clay brick \ c. 

Hafez e^v&>3 «*> y \iw pfyS XSjS ,s-Xn 






Old Persian 03 knt:175 



isti : sun dried brick 



Greek 03 ahd 



aither : (hot) i 



Arabic 03 tad:1 



as I r : ether filling beyond 
the atmosphere 



Persian 03 mon:143 



7*>' 



W 



Latin 03 ahd 



aether, aither : ether 

beyond earth atmosphere 



French 03 mon:134 



ether 



h 


Persian 03 mon:134 






eter : ether J>\ 



V 

L 



Germanic 03 ahd 



ail : fire 



English 



anneal 



^ 



Latin 



asetUS : burning heat 



English 



estuary 



Aien 



Aier 



see root: Ayer 
see root: Ayer 



Indo-European 03 pok:6 



~X 



AlC|~: goat, of a goat 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 POK:6; KLN:30 



IZa : goat 

izaenem : pertaining to (goat) skin 



Pahlavi 03 pok:6 



azak : goat 



Persian 03 pok:6 



azg : goat V Jj| 

This word is apparently obsolete 



Greek 03 POK:6; KLN:30 



aigiS: goat skin 



English 03 kln:30 



aegO-:ofagoa( 



Aik Aios 



Indo-European 03 pok:298; kln:1106 
AIK, 1 1 K : to possess, own 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 POK:298; KLN:1106; SYN:771,772 



IS, Tse, ISti, aesa 1 : wealth, power 
IS Van, is Van : wealthy 



Germanic 03 ahd 



aigan : to possess 



English 



own, owe, ought 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:15; kln:1093 



~X 



AiOS, AyOS:mete/ 

KLN:1093 claims that this word may have been driven from 
"Ayashya", ancient name of Cyprus, meaning Cyprus metal. 



Avestan 03 POK:15; KI_N:1093 



ayo, ayah, ayanh : metal, bronze 



W 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:70; HRN:14 



asm, ahen:me(a/, / 



Persian 03 BQT:70; SYN:612 



Ahan : iron, anything hard > J& I 

Sa'eb f ^«Sjj5 lj l f»i3<U Ij 4l»J Jii ^j> 



W 



Latin ffl ahd:443 



aes : bronze, money 

aera : counters for counting, also an era of time 



^ | Germanic P3ahd:925 ~\ *- 

\ 



English 


era 




English 


ore 



10 



Aiw Aiw 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:17 



AlW : vitality, eternity 
Compare with root "Yeu 2: young 



Avestan 03 pok:17 



ayu, ay -.life, age 
yave : forever 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:564; HRN:93 



yave-tan : ever lasting 



Avestan 

03 KLN:31; BQT:264 



perana-ayu : ui of 

life *" Pal 1 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:264 



a-pum-ay -. not full of 

life, young Ne 1 



v* 



Avestan 03 BQT:718; BRT:1862 



XVatO-ayaO : alive by itself, 

God ®"Seu 1 
Hub:54 derives this from 
Indo-European root "Ghu" 



W 



Pahlavi 



xvatay : God 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



~X 



Persian 



javid : eternal ( ^|jj j\f ) Jj j\f 

Hafez Cwjljl »J j^ Jj_^U> (^jUlwj 45 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:264 


' 




boma : young adult \j J 




iyi UO <0 ji> iyi Uly 




Ferdowst ijj UjJ j-O Ji jiJO) 



^ | Latin 03 ahd \ >- 
^ 



Persian UJ HRN:108; BQT:779; FSF:159 



Xoda : God 

Xadl V : governor, ruler 

Xajeh : master 

Ferdowst «jjj>- j (V^fj' »£■>» J £■>« 4*3 



i^\ J.- 



English 



ever, every, never 



English 



age, eternity 



11 



w 



w 



Ak I Ak 

Indo-European ffl pok:18; knt:173 



AK, AC|, AK©n : sharp, also a sharp stone 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:19; kln:18; knt 



as 1 , asan : stone 

as-man, as-mana : ma stone, sky ®" Man 1 



I, 



(•Pahlavi 03 BQT:39,42,43 



as : mill, mill stone 
as-ap : water rr»7/®" Ab 1 
Vat-aS : wind m/// t **WS 1 
as-man: sky®" Msn1 



Persian 03 bqt 


as : mill 




J 


asiyab: water mill 




Wtfl * u->w^l 


badas : wind mill 




l^bl} 


asman : sky 




^)U^«I 


C^J\ 


2> y (JJL. a_wI ^Ub. wl 


Onsorf jjj I A 


lP./ 


OJjbl<p* ^> /J-J 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 SYN:52; BRT:208; KNT:166; FFD:60; SPG:202 



athagaina, athangaina : stone 
athanga, asenga, asan : stone 

Sang, SaX: to weigh 



I, 



(•Pahlavi 03 BQT:1175; SNS:193 



Sang : stone 
Sang-gil:hardc/ay 
Saxt : weigh 



Persian 03bqt:1175 


FFD:60; FSF:224 


Sang : stone 


i_>Jwj 


SanjTdan : to weigh 


( ^.^Jwtf ) ^XCjJwtf 


SanjeS : weighing 


, i-wJ'wMW 


Saxtan : to weigh 


\ il»L*»C*w ) ,'j»C*w 


>f jt) 


jji i^-^b- jl ^dS <W& 


Ferdowsf ^ $ ') 


£i •Ssk^Pj^ qQ> <0 



w 



Arabic 03 PLA:155; FVQ:164 



Sip: baked clay 



^ 



Greek 03ahd 



akrOS : top most 
akrobates : one who walks 

on tiptoe ^^ Gwa 
OXUS : sharp, sour 



French 03ahd:12 



acrobate 

OXygene : acid former 



Persian UJ mon:75,331 



akrobat 
oksizen 






English 03 ahd 



acrobat, oxygen 



V 



Latin 03 ahd 



acere : to be sharp 
Vinum-acer : sharp (soar) wine, 
vinegar Woin 

acus, acetum 



French 



acide : sour (sharp) 

substance, acid 
Vinaigre : vinegar 



Persian 03 mon:260,276 



asid 
aseton 



Cr-? 1 



^ 



English 



acid, acute, vinegar 



V* 



Persian UJ hjb:3 ? 



acar : pickles 



A T 



Hindustani 03 0XF:3 



achar : pickle. 



English 03 0XF:3 
achar 



V* 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



ak-j6 : sharp side 

ha-maraz : sharp toot 



English 



edge 
hammer 



12 



Ak Akos 



Indo-European 03 pok:18; knt:173 



AK, AC|, AK©n : sharp, also a sharp stone 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:541 ,542 



Ke 1 , Kej 3, KO 1 , Koi : sharp, to sharpen 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:542; SNS:18; IEC:11 



saeni, saenis, cana : pointed, sharp 

or rough objects used for grinding 
asanam : whetstone 
abi-Cana, abhi-Cana : grinding stone 
Compare with root "Sek" 






Old Persian 03ieC:11 



asa, asam : whetstone 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hainO : grinding stone 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



KOnOS : sharp pointed, cone 



Persian 

03 POK:542; BQT:1077,1488; SNS:18; MMF:325 



SayTdan : to grind, rub AXoLu 

fesanTdan : to grind, rub (^J-jLil ) ^)XAJ 

fsan : grinding stone ( ^Lil ) ^Li 



Mas'ud Sa'd Salman 



English 


03 


AHD 


hone 




English 


03 


AHD 


cone 



Aken 



see root. 



Ak 



W 



Indo-European 03 IEC:9 



AKOS, AKOS : suffix indicating small size 



Pahlavi 03 mon:2775 



-ak 



w 

^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:9 



-akah : small 



Persian 03 IEC:9; MON:2775 



-ak : a suffix indicating small size ( O \*J0 < l$*P ya ) O _ 

Naserkhosrow y j SijA ^j£ p jj ,«i> JJjJ Jw 

See "Kak" for another possible root of suffix "-ak" 



Akos 



see root: Akos 



13 



Akru Akwa 



Indo-European 03 pok:23, 179 



~X 



AkrU, DakrU: tear, tear drop 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 POK:23; KLN:1578 



asm, asraka: 



Pahlavi 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:103; hrn:17 


' 




ars : tear j»,| 
ask : tear Sj>\ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



tahr: 



English 



tear 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:23 
AkWa : water 



A 



Latin 03 ahd 



aqua : water 



W 



Avestan 03vfO:15 



arva, arva : eagle 
VFO claims these are cognates of 
English "eagle" and French "aigle" 
but does not provide any derivation. 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:58; MPP:79 



alCih : eagle 



V 



Persian 03 MON:85; BQT:58; VFO:15 



aleh : eagle ( jT ( o^JT , ilT , <J ) <JT 

Farqadf cUwl <U |J}U <lLp* 3 oi <lL> 



W 



<^ 



v» 



Latin 03 KLN:97,494; WEB:569; FSD:779 



aqualillS : water (dark) colored bird, eagle 



French 

03 KLN:494 



aigle : eagle 



English 03 kln:494 
eagle 



French 03 kln:495 



aquarium 

eau : water 

eau de Cologne : water (perfume) 
of Cologne 



Persian UJvop:14,39 



akvariCim : aquarium fHj'?^' 

Ofjokolon : eau de Cologne ( •JS'il ) 'JS'ol 



English 03 ahd 



aquarium, aqua, aquatic 






Germanic 03 ahd 



ahwjo, aUJO : (thing on) water, island 



English 03 ahd 



island 



14 



Al 1 I Al 1 



M -Indo-European 03 pok:24,67 
AryO, Ar'lO: Lord, mler 



Indo-European 03 pok:24 



~X 



Al 1 , Ol 1 : beyond, i 



W 



Old Persian / Avestan 
03 AHD; POK; IRN:7,28 



aria : noble 

aran : land of Aryans 

(Indo-Europeans) 
art-aran : holy Aryan /and^Ar 
airyanam-VaeZO : Aryan race 

and family 



h 


Persian ffl PRT:27; MON5:114; PRT:313; IRN:7,28; FSF:40 


' 




ArTya [ij\ 




Aran, Iran, Arak, Araq J|^ < J\j\ t ^\J\ t ^|j| 




Ardalan : "hoty Aryan land", a name l/^J' 




Iranvej : original homeland of Aryans 7U<Jl yi\ 



w 



Avestan 

03 POK:24; BQT:196; IRN:12; FAF:86 



ainyava : helper of Aryans 
airya-man : noble mannered, 
friend, guest^^ Men 1 



► — 


Persian UJ pok:67 


BQT:196; IRN:12 




I raj : "helper of Aryans 


" a male name w- S\ 




Trman : guest 






Ferdowsf 


^j'/.J^J pjM c/ky 



w 

L 



Sanskrit 03 kln:110; shp:180 



Arya : noble 



English 



Aryan, Ireland 



h 


Persian ffl M0N5:212 


' 




Irland Jjjyl 



Sogdian 03 SOD:60 



ry n-Wyj n : Aryan family 






Latin 03ahd 



ille : that 

Ultra : beyond 

alter : the other 

alius : from beyond (foreigner) 



Greek 03ahd 



alios : other 

para-allelon : besides one another'^' Per 1 



Latin 03ahd:951 



parallelum: parattet 



Germanic 03 ahd 



al-jas : otherwise 



English 



alarm, alert, alligator 
ultimate, ultra- 
alternate 
alien 



English 



parallel 



English 



else 



15 



Al 2 I Al 2 

Indo-European Q3 pok:28 
Al £ : to grind 



^\ 






Avestan 03 pok:28 



asa 1 , arta 1 : to grind 



Persian 03 HRN:5; BQT:31 



ard : Hour 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:59 



'rtk:f/ower 



Greek 03 ahd; kln:47 



alein : to grind 
al-euron:w/7eaff/our 



English 



aleurone 



16 



Al 3 I Al 3 






Arabic 03 sap:43 



~X 



Al O : definite article "the" used as a prefix 
The letter "L" changes to the first letter of the following word under 
certain rules; for example "al-sana'a" becomes "as-sana'a". Most of 
these Arabic words have reached Europe through Spanish and French. 



^ 



V 



W 



v* 



^ 



Persian UJ mon 



^I.jSJI ,<0JI 



Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew 



Amir al-bahr : sea commander, 

admiral A .m.r 
al-fesfeseh : horse fcod^*" Ed & Ekwos 



English 

03 AHD; OEW 



admiral 
alfalfa 



Persian UJ mon 



admiral : admiral 
alfalfa : a/fa/fa 



UJTUJT 



Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew 



al-kahl : highly purified spirits, 

afcoho/^K.h.l 
al-XwarazmT : the 9th century 

mathematician who devised 

"algebra". Ghdhem 
al-ithmud : antimony 



I Latin 



Wl 



V k 



French 



Persian 03 mon; vop 



alkol : alcohol 
algoritm : algorithm 
antTmoan : antimony 



^1 

• I -.T 



English 03 ahd; kln 



alcohol, algorithm, antimony 



Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew; skt 



al-qela : alkaline material obtained 

from wood ashes 
aZ-ZarniX : arsenic ®"Ghsl 
al-malagma : the soft material, 

amalgam N\e\ 3 



I French 



Persian UJ vop 



alkali -.alkaline 
arsenTk : arsenic 



JKJT 



V k 



English 03 ahd 



alkali, alkaline, arsenic, amalgam 



Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew 



AI-lah:fteGod®"Layh 
al-qadlJS : water carrier, albatross 
al-anbiq : distilling apparatus^" Hex 1 & Ab 1 
al-badenjan : auberg/ne^Vatin-ganah 
al-nil:(hs/nd/go t **NBi 1 



English 03 ahd; oew 



Allah 
albatross 
alembic 
aubergine 
anil, aniline 



Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew 



al-iksir : a dry medicine, elixir Ksero 

al-a'sarah : the juice, dye^" A". s.r 

al-jabr-w'al- moqabeleh: reunion and comparison, algebra^ 

al-kimiya : the art of transmutation. *" Ksrs 2 & Ghsu 

al-OUd : the wood, /ufe^Agaruth 



English 03 ahd; kln 



elixir 

alizarin 

algebra 

alchemy, chemistry 

lute, flute, aloe 



Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew 



al-bTrquq : early ripening (plum) ** Pskw 

dr-aS-Sana : house of fabrication, factory ^S.n. "a & D.v.r 

aS-SUmut : the directions^" Mai 3 

Jabal-al-Tariq : "mountain of Tariq" who invaded Spain in 711 

al-qubbah : the arch, afcoi/e^Gabbah 



English 03 kln; oew 



apricot 

arsenal 

azimuth 

Gibraltar 

alcove 



17 



Al 4 Aleio 



Indo-European 03 POK:27; AHD:1505; IEC:14 



~x 



Al 4, AleJd, A\eUOS: to wander, roam, rove 



Persian 03 I EC: 14 



avareh : homeless, wanderer, exiled ( A a) ) ojUl 

Hafez jJA$ •Affcj j£ qj\cj \ Jji \j i^il _ I j \fi $*) wii r^ )' V Liy Li'y^ 



w 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:1505 



Ulare : to wander 

amb-lllare : to walk around^ Ambhi 

eX-ul : wandering outside, exile^^ Ei 



English 03 ahd 



alley, preamble, 

ambulate, 

exile 



Aleio 



see root. 



AI4 



18 



Alek Aleuos 



W 



Indo-European HI pok:32 
AlGK : to ward off, protect 



^\ 



Greek 

03 AHD:1506; KLN:47,856 



alexein : to protect 
aleX-andrOS : protector 
of men^ Nev 1 



Arabic 

03 MON5:144 



Eskandar 



Persian 03 M0N5:144 



Eskandar jxS*J 

Hafez | jb OvU Jl.pl ij\i <U>j£ y jj b 



Latin 03 kln:47 



Alexander 



French 03 M0N5:144 



Alexandre 



Persian UJ M0N5:173 



Alexandr ( jjjLSJT ) jjjLSJl 



v* 



Sanskrit ffl POK:32; KLN:47,856 



laksa, raksa : 100,000 soldiers, also a large group of insects, insects 
lak, rak : tree resin leaking after being attacked by a swarm of insects 
AHD and OEW:333 derive these words from the root "Reg: to dye". 



'-IF 



English 



Alexander 



'ersian 03 KLN:856; BQT:1900 



lak : hundred thousand (soldiers) 



s\ 



^{^ oL> j>j toxky jSwiJ j JxJ <p _ uL> j> jl J-IL? <G 3 JiU >>)— ** <g ^l j^ 



: to dye" for another possible root. 



I, 



l-Arabic ffl AFM:141; FVF:613 



lajj : a large group of people, 
also the deepest point of sea. 



Persian UJ mon:3569 



lojjeh : the deepest point of sea 4J3J 

p ' 

J1U3I jl<pu<p* 4JSJ *jj jji O Jb JJiS 
Sa'dr Jj| a ^\jS <0 yoO <0 |fJd*X& 

See "Reg: to dye" for another possible root. 



V.. 



Persian UJ KLN:856; BQT:1878 



lak : red resin, lacquer JJj 

Onsort tSi OJj_«_it> J>1> iji {)¥*') - '-^ '-^~ ; * J-i J"*?^ J °-^ y** 



See" 



: to dye" for another possible root. 



I, 



t f-Portugii 



French 



^ 



English 03 skt:281 
lacquer, Shellac 



Aleuos 



see root. 



AI4 



19 



Algwh | Amalaka 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:32 
AlgWh : worth, value 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:32; SYN:826 



arej, arejah : value 

arejat-aspa : (with) valuable 
horses Ekwos 

varejah, varecah : value 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:97,98,102,2265; HRN:241; MON:199, 4999 


' 




av\:value ( (jjjjj\ t jj\ t JJws^jl ) r j\ 




TZan : valuable, also worthless id**'))' ) l)' ) )' 




Afjasp : "owner of valuable horses", a male name u-wtfl?' )l 




Varj: value ( Jjjl*jj t JJw*^- j$ ) r j$ 




ci*v*«il j^y^ 3 j - ***" ** 3 ^~^ *~ $"*" 5 ^ 




Ferdowsf cUwl j-Mii-O F jj O j CUwl oU <0 



w 

L 
^ 



Old Persian 03 SOD:90 



arjana : valuable 



Sogdian 03 SOD:90,95 



yzn : valuable 



Greek 03 pok:32 



alphein : to gain, profit 



A.l.h 



see root. 



Layh 



Indo-European 03 KLN:46; AHD:1506; POK:33 

Al U : bitter, also used in words related 
to intoxication, magic and sorcery. 



A 



W 



Latin 03 OEW:84; KLN:46 



Alumen : alum, a bitter 
salt of aluminum 



French 03 ahd 



aluminium 



Persian 03vop:18 



alumT 



niyom |»~wJT ( ~jV^JT 



^ 



^ 



English 03 OEW:84; KLN:57 



ale, alum, alumina, aluminum, aluminium 



Sanskrit 03 kln:513 



Amalaka, Amlak: 



V* 



^ 



Persian UJ BQT:61; MON:90 



amoleh : emblic tree 



<»JJ>T) «iST 



I, 



(•Arabic 03 kln:513 



amlaj 



Middle Latin 



emblica 



English 03 kln:513 



emblic : a tree 



20 



Ambhi Ambhi 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:34 



~X 



Ambhi, Mbhi, Obhi, Ebhi -.around 

AmbhO: both 



Avestan 03 pok:34 



aiwi, aibi, abi, aiwis, Ube, UWa: over, above, both 



w 



^ 



Avestan 



aiWI-rUC : to light up-^ Lsuk 
aiwi-reg : to straighten up *" Rag 
aiwi-Sara : around the head^ Ksr 1 
aiwi-Sara : on the head®" Ksr 1 



Persian 03 hrn:22,23 


afruxtan : to light up 


&/ 


afrastan : to raise 


( jljil ) ^Ijil 


afsar : bridle 


jLil 


afsar : crown, officer 


jmi\ 



Avestan 03 hub:16 



aiwi-Saoka : burn over cr Ksuk 1 
aiwi-kand : to throw away®"Gwrisn 1 
aiwi-Zavayeiti : adds up^Gsu 2 



Persian UJ DRM:131; HRN:23 



afsUS : regret ^amjl 

afkandan : to throw ^JJ&I 

afzudan : to add ( ^^•1 ) ^i? jil 



w 



Avestan 



aiwi-fsan : to spread around 
aiwi-aXS : oversee ®"Okw 



Persian 03 HRN:24; BQT:2143; MON:317 



afsandan : to spread, sprinkle ( \\£i\ ) AJjliil 

afsun : rake i^yiil 



,^ 



W 



Avestan 



aiwis-kar : chase (animals) away®" Kwsr 
aiwis-tap : in heat, in a huny®" Tsp 



Persian 03 BQT:1275; HRN:172,174 



sekar : hunt 



)U*S 



Setaftan : to hurry ( ijzji ) 'Z&Zji 



Avestan 03 ahm:220 



abi-dasta, a-dasta, a-dsta : over hands, s/eei«®"Grissto 



Persian 03 ahm:220 



astTn : sleeve 



.'y*i»i**ll 






Old Persian 03 pok:34 



abis, abiy, abi : over, above 



Greek 03 POK:34; AHD:44 



amphi : around, on both sides 



English 



amphitheater, amphibious 



Germanic 03 pok:34; ahd 



English 



both, be- 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:512 



ambi-Tre : to go around, ambient ®*Ei 

ambactUS : one who goes around, messenger, servant 



English 



ambient 
ambassador, embassy 



Indo-European 03 IEC:19 



AlTlbhO-bhOr, Am bhOr: a two-handled tool 
®*Brisr 1 



Persian UJ IEC:19; MON:361 



anbor:p//e 






Ambho A.m.n 



Ambho 



Ambho-bhor 



Ambho-Bhor 



Ambhor 



AmTr 



Amlak 



see root: Ambhi 

see root: Ambhi 

see root: Bher 1 

see root: Ambhi 

see root: A'.m.r 

see root: Amalaka 



^ 



Semitic 03 kln:62 



A 



A\m.m 



to join, unite 



Arabic 03 kln:62 



amm 1 : a great crowd 
amm 2 : father's brother 
ammah : father's sister 



Persian UJ FVA:285; SAP:442 



amu : uncle 
am : public 
Hafez 






W 



Hebrew 03 kln:62 



am : people 

im : w/f/7, together 

ImmanU-el : God is with us®" Layh 



French 



Persian 



Amanoel : "God « 






^ 



^ 



English 03 kln:515 



Emmanuel, Immanuel 



W 



Semitic 03 kln:61 



A 



A.m.n: 



Arabic 03 kln:61 



a.m.n: to trust 
amin : trustworthy 
iman : belief 



h 


Persian ffl fva:34,35 






amn: safe ( y^t* 4 


* 

^ 


/wffijl * C-vJ»aI ) /yil 




amanat : trusteeship, consignment, deposit 




C-jUl 




iman : (religious) belief, trust 








personal names from this root 






amen : truly, certainly, accept it (prayer) 




lW 1 




Hafez 


<J yJll <J-lO **$^> i^W> 






Hebrew 03 kln:61 



a.m.n : to oe trustworthy 
amen : truly, certainly 



Greek 
03 KLN:61 



Latin 03 kln:61 



English 03 kln:61 



Amen : verily 



22 



Amon A'.m.r 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:6 



~X 



Amori: 



Persian 03 SNS:6; BQT:61; MON:91 



amudan : to m with, mix with ( a.a| ( yi| ) A^yil 

gohar-amud : fitted with gems 3 yi | JbS 

Sanat «i J I iiv^ 4j ^l^j ji -jt> _ siyil i^xS j ^liJUj -jt> 



v* 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:6 



abr-amun : "filled with clouds", c/oudy^*" Nebh 



^ 



Persian UJ SNS:6 



abr-amun : cloudy Oy'j^ 

This word is apparently obsolete. 



Arabic 03 KLN:26; FVA:33 



A . IT1 . r : to command 
AlTl I T : commander 



^ I Arabic 03 KLN:26; FSD:38 



AmTr-al-bahr: commander of sea 
Amir-ar-rahl : commander of transportation 



W 



Late Latin 03 fsd:38; kln:26 



W 



^ 



Old French 03 fsd:38 



amiral : 



sea commander 



~~\ 



Persian 03 fva:33; mon 


ami": order 


p 


J 


/ < 


\j*\ 


< jt*\ < sty < jy' 


mirza : Nobel born ® = Gene 1 




'jje" 


ammareh : commanding, demanding 




8)W 


ma mur : agent (one who has orders) 




( Cn>jy>{/> ) jyv> 


emarat : kingdom, state 




( oljUl ) c»jU 



amiralis, admiralis : sea commander 
"bahr" or "rahl" has been dropped 



English 03 ahd 



admiral 



Persian UJ mon:36 



admiral : 



J't*" 3 



23 



^ 



An 1 I An 2 

Indo-European 03 kln; ahd; pok:48 

An 1 : breath 
AnSU : spirit, world 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:48; KLN:41,1095; AHD; SNS:6; OEW:9 



ahu, ahura, anhu, ahva, axva://fe, spirit, world 

prana : breath of life 

ahura-mazdha : wise spirit, God®" Man 1, DhS 2 



Persian UJ MON:400; SNB:126 



Ahuramazda : God (\jj>\)\z\Ajj>\ 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:48; BQT:896; VDQ:36; SOD:127 



daOS-ah Va : evil worfd®" Dus 
barz-ahva : better (higher) worfd®" Bhsrgh 
anhuyat-haca : from heart (soul) ®"Sskw 



I, 



(-Pahlavi 03 SBK:214; VDQ:36 



duzax, barzax 



Persian 03 BQT:896; VIE:31; VDQ:36 



dlJZaX : hell 
barzax : middle stage 






^ 



Greek 03kln:118 



astma : hard breath 



I 



French 



Persian 03 mon:55 



asm : asthma 



»#>> 



English 



asthma 



V 

w 

L 



Latin 03 kln:78 



anima : breath of air, life 



English 03 ahd 



animal, animosity, exhale, inhale 



Germanic 03 ahd:929, 931 



anSU : God 



English 



Oswald, Oscar®"Ghsi2 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:48, sod:10 



asu, asura:God 



Sogdian 03 SOD:10 



as Wr : God 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:37 



A 



An 2, Eno, Ono : 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 hrn:13; kln:1108; pok:37 



anya, aimya : other 



Persian UJ hrn:13 



W | Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1102 

M 



English 



other 



Indo-European 03 IEC:27 

An-terOS : second, 
other, step parent^^ Ter 1 



c 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:27; POK:37 



antarah : 



Persian 03 IEC:27; MON:373 



andar : a suffix meaning step as in step father ' *Jj| _ 



24 



An 3 Andho 



Indo-European 03 pok:39 



~X 



An 3, And: 



on, upon, above, to 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:39; KLN:67; KNT:164; DZA:57 



ana : on, upon 

anu, anUV : to, after, along 

anU-i : going along 



Germanic 03 ahd 



English 



on, upon, unless 



^ 



Greek 



ana- : according to, upward, back, again 
ana-luein : to loosen back, analyze 
analogOS : speak according to, give analogy 



English 03 ahd 



analysis, analogy, anatomy 



An 4 



see root : Ne 1 



Arabic 03 fva:286 



A 



A.n.b, anbar : 



Persian 03 BQT:1382; FVA:286 



anbar: amber 



7?** 



^ | Middle Latin 03 kln:60 ~| ►- 
^ 



English 03 kln:60 



amber 



anbar 



1 



see root: A.n.b 



Indo-European 03 pok:41 
AndhO -.blind, dark 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 POK:41; SYN:323 



anda, ando : blind 



Sogdian 03 S0D:44 



' nt' : blind 



Latin 03 ahd 



Umbra : shadow 



English 



umbrella 



25 



w 






Ang | Ang 

Indo-European 03 pok:46 



~X 



Ang, Ank, Anq-.tobend 



Avestan 03 kln:75 



angUSta : toe, finger 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:41 



'ngWSt: finger 



Persian 03 mon:392 



angOSt : finger, foe 



CJ&I 



kiJyil , S&>\ , ' Si\ , Jij£j\ 



Avestan 03 POK:45; BRT:755 



anku, aka: hook 

UUZ-aka : with bad sting hooks, porcupine Dus 
BRT:755 is not quite certain about "duz-aka" etymology. 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:168; BQT:1063 



zuzag, zuzag, jujag -.porcupine 



^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:32 


'ksye: hook 






Greek 03ahd 


1 


' 


ankura : anchor 





Persian 03 BRT:755; BQT:1063 



■.porcupine < Ojjj ) jjj 



I 



Persian 03 bqt:1908 



langar : anchor ij 



English 03 ahd 



anchor 



W 



Sanskrit 03 POK:46; BQT:1254 



angam : member, part 

Catur-anga : the four parts 

(castle, Knight, Bishop 

and Pawn) in the game 

of chess. ^^Kwetwer 



Pahlavi 



catrang 



Persian 03 BQT:1254; FVF:404 



satrang : chess 



Najjar J\j jjj J*}\qJ £wl> ^ ^ -w ^ 3~^ 



W I Sanskrit 03 



AHD:943; OEW:14 



ancati : he bends 

pari-ancati : he bends around, PER 1 

pary-anka, palyanka : a bed carried on poles on the shoulder of 
two or four men. This name is due to the sagging cloth bottom. 



English 03 AHD; OEW:14 



palanquin, palankee 



W 

L 



Latin 03 ahd; kln 



angulus : angle, 



English 



angle, rectangle, triangle 



Germanic 03 ahd; oew:14 



Angul : an angle-shaped land in Schleswig, W. Germany near Denmark. 



^ 



t -Old English 03 KLN:522; AWH1:129 



Engle, Angle : people of "Angul" who landed 
in Britain (Engle-Land) around 450 AD 



French 



angle- 



Persian 03 MON 



EngelTs ^.J&l 



^ 



English 



English, England, Anglo-, Anglo-Saxon 



Angh | Ap 1 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:42 
AnC(n : tight, compressed 



^\ 



Avestan ffl pok:42 



azaehe : compressed, in need 

ni-az : that which pushes you down, need^ 



W 



Pahlavi 03 mon:4877 



niyaz : need 



Persian 03 BQT:2222; MON:4877 



niaz : need ( JJuH^ JU5 ( JJu»jU5 ) JU5 

n TaZI : need, dear friend, sweetheart LS ) w 

(J)l) ju jl ci^Lo L5J3J ^ - L5)LJ ijl eivwjj ju C«J» Ji 
Osman Mokhtarf 



W I Latin 03ahd \>- 



English 



anxious, anguish 



^ | Germanic Q3ahd \ >- 
^ 



English 



anger 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:43 



A 



Ang\Nh\: snake 



Avestan 03 POK:44; KLN:86 



aZI : snake 
azi-dahak6 : biting snake 



h 


Persian UJ BQT:116,1339; PLA:5,190; FSF:43 


' 




ezdehak : serpent ( tJ\SL* ) tJtajl 




ezdeha : serpent, also a spear UEO\l 




aldar -.torpedo oM 




Ferdowsf 



w 

^ 



Latin 03ahd 



angUIS : snake 



English 



anguine 



Ank 



And 



Anor 



Anq 



Ansu 



An-teros 



Ap1 



see root: Ang 

see root: An 3 

see root: Nor 

see root: Ang 

see root ; An 1 

see root: An 2 

see root ; Ab 1 



27 



Ap 2 | Apank 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:50 



~X 



/\p £ : to take, receive, reach, attain 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:50; SNS:14; ffd:82 



ap 1 , af , ab : to receive 
apayeiti : received 
abi-ap, abi-af: to detain 



w 



w 



Pahlavi ffl BQT:2254; SNS:14 



apam, avam : loan, something received. 
HRN:31 does not agree with this derivation 



Persian 03 


SNS:14; BQT:2254; AEF:173 


Vam : loan 


< r fls ) flj 


avam : loan 


<(.| 5 T> f l 5 l 




Aj^^j'f^ *2—l>»- f>> 


Ferdowsf 


jO <oU ^ jJj /j-o-xSl w 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:82 



ayaf , ayab : to find 



Persian 03 BQT:2419; FFD:82 



yaftan : to find 
yabidan : to find 






V 



^ 



Latin 03 POK:50; AHD; KLN:22,24,96 



apere : to bind, attach, reach 
aptUS : fit, suited 

ad-apt-are : to m, adapt 

ad-eptUS : reached 

apex : something, reached, apex 

CO-apere : bond together, couple 



English 03 AHD; KLN:96 



apt, aptitude 
adapt, adept, inept 
apex, attitude 
couple 



Apa 



see root. 



Apo 



W I Pahlavi 03 SYN:870; BQT:99; FSF:6 



Avestan 03 syn:873 



~X 



Apank: 



turned backwards, north 



apaxtar : north, north star 
axtar : star 



Persian 03 BQT:99; FSF:58 



baxtar : north Zs>[, 

axtar : star, fate ( ,jAxi Jj*\ ) Jj*\ 

Ferdowsf 

IEC:260 links "axtar" to "setareh: star". See root "Ster 2" 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 MON5:275; BQT:297 



baxtri, baxr, balx: 

a city north of 
the ancient Iran 



Persian UJ MON5:247 



balx : an ancient city (Jl&ll , Ji*±> , Ji#ij) f<ij, 

in Iran famous for its rose-red ruby gems 



^ 



^-» | Sogdian 03 sod' 



^ 



39 



anxar, ngr-.star 

This may be a cognate rather than a 
derivative of the Avestan "apank" 



4-Arabic 

03 AHD:101 



balaXS : ruby 



Old French 

03 AHD:101 



balais : ruby 



English 

03 AHD:101 



balas : a rose- 
red gem 



Apo | Apo 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:53 



Apo, Apa, Apu, Pu 3, P6 1 -.oft 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 POK:54; BQT:1086 



ap 2, apa : off, away, to 

apama, apatama : last 



^ll-Pahlavi 03/ 



W 



ape, ape : apart, without 



Persian ffl AEF:309; MON:131 


Dl : without 


<-* 


>-^i 


jUi^yJ, 


w^< 


U<j>. 


Dl-dastar : beaver that is able to cut trees 
"without sickles". ^Da 1 




yv<*>J*>*i 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:26 



afdom, awdum:/asf 



Persian 03 MON:72,462; FRS:184 



afdom : last, at last fjil> < fjil < fji I 

Rudakt Ji}j\ ^IA)<0 l5J3J fjilj - iJ^j'^J-i y Jj! jJjjixlJjS 



W I Avestan 03 KNT:168; BQT:1086; FFD:2 



a 1 : a prefix for making verbs 
a-Vare : to tang ^ Bhsr 1 
a-gam : to come ^Gwa 

a-rad, a-raiti 1 ■.tosetup cr M 

apa-Spar : walk away from, frusf t **Spher 
a-kand : to ffl/ t *"Gwhen 1 



Persian ffl BQT:1086; HRN:1; FFD:24 


3-, a- : a verbal prefix 


_ 


l.-T 


l)«w '*£}••* J W 1 " '* t'y*** 1 'J 


<o-^'< 


CPjJ 1 


-3- : used to repeat a word 




J. 


J> y O y * j^'j** 1 


mIo 


<Ai 



w 



Avestan 03 KLN:168; POK:844 



apa-dana : off place, secret 
room of a palace^^ Dhe 2 

a-frt-nami :/cra/se®"prr 

a-fritan : to create ®"prt 
a-part:(jafffe®"psr3 



Persian 03 knt:168 


apadana : throne room 




bbl/T 


afarin : praise 






avard : battle 




< «^T > i J5 T 


Ferdowsf 


uJc> j 


- f I ^ j«*) p»j -^jj ' y 



w 



Arabic 

03 AHD:23; PLA:203 



if fit : demon 
creature 



Persian UJ mon 



ef fit : demon C-J J£ 



W 



Old Persian 03 POK:53-55; KNT:16 



ap 2, apa : from, away 

apa-dana : off (secret) c/ace^Dhs 2 

pa 2, p6 : under 



V 



Old Persian 03 POK:53,55; KNT:16 



apa-had : put away^Ssd 
apa-ra : back, later 
apa-taram : elsewhere 
pan-S-daU:a*erfta( 
apa-nyaka : ancestors *" Nyaka 



Old Persian 03 pok:53-55 



apa-ardha : pushed off, 

reverse Ardha 



Pahlavi 03 nyb:23 



aparon : wrong, 
upside down 



Persian 03 mon:4941 



Varun : upside down A* *|q 



W 
^ 



Latin 03ahd 



ab: 



English 



abnormal 



w 



Apo | A'.q.b 

Indo-European 03 pok:53 



Apo, Apa, Apu, Pu 3, P6 1 -.oft 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Germanic 03 ahd 



af:of 

apo-tero : after 
eben : later time, evening 
afug : turned back 



English 



of, off 
after 
evening 
awkward 



^ Indo-European 03 pok:841; ahd:1506 
P-OS, POS : after, behind 



WAvestan / Old Persian 03 pok:842 



paSCa, paSCa, pasa : after, behind 
paskat : from behind here 



^ 

L 



Sogdian 03 sod:55,300 



pys, pS : then, afterwards 



Persian 03 HRN:70; BQT:403; IEC:29 



pas : after ' ^j 



Hafez jj,[i | VwJ jj j b | Vwi_^J 4Ji)L< •JjS 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



post : after 
ponere : to place 



English 



postpone 

oppose, propose, compose, impose, posture 



Apu 



Aq 



see root: Apo 
see root: Ak 



W I Arabic 03 KLN:823; FVQ:2 



Syriac 03 kln:823 



A 



A\q.b 



to follow, succeed 



a'.q.b : to follow 

3* qeb: heel 

Ya qUD : A prophet's name (follower, successor) 



Persian LLI fva:276 



aqab : back, behind i_Jip 

Ya'qub : Jacob <^J<Jjj 



W 



Hebrew 03 KLN:823; FSD:1307 



aqebh : heel 

Ya aqobh : one that takes by the heel, follower, name of a prophet 



W 



Greek 

03 FSD:1307 



Jacobos 



Late Latin 03 fsd:1307 



Jacobus 



French 



Jaques 



Persian 03 mon 



zak (frfity SY) 



English Q3ahd:699 



Jacqueline 



W 



^ 



English 03 kln:823 



Jacob, Jack, Jim, James 



h 


Persian ffl mon:1233 


' 




jak :jack (for lifting) SS 



30 



A.q.r | Ar 



Semitic 03 fva:278 



~X 



A.q.r: 



to sting, injure 






Arabic 03 FVA:278; KFL:427 



aqrab : scorpion 



Persian 03 fva:278 



aqrab : scorpion ( ^jtac ( t^jfe ) yjifc 



Hebrew 03 kln:1404 



aqrabh : s 



I, 



4-Greek 

03 KLN:1401 



^ 



skorpios 



Latin 

03 AHD:1164 



scorpius 



French 



scorpion 



English 03 KLN:1401; AHD:1164 



scorpion 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:55 



Ar, Are : to fit together 
See Part TWO for more derivatives 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 P0K:56; IRN:28 



arta 2, areta -.just, holy 
arata, aradra : true 

arta-aran : hoty Aryan land^" Al 1 
arta-pa -.protector of justice ^ Pa 

arta-xsathra :jus( k/ng^ Ksei 1 

aipi-areta : determined^ Epi 



w 



w 



Sogdian 03 S0D:58 



rt W : righteous, holy 



Avestan 03 P0K:56; BQT:142 



asa 3 : true 

asa-Vahista : best justice^ Su 1 
arta-Vah-ista : best justice^ Su 1, Isto 
asa-Van, Sa-Vant : determined, in order 
aSVan : hoty, sacred 



W 



Avestan 03 WLD:74; P0K:56 



rad 1 : right, correct, proper 

a-rad, a-raiti 1, a-ras-:tosefup®"Apo 

pati-rad : to trim ®" Per 1 ? 
Vi-raiti, Vi-radh:se(apart®"wi 



^ 



PART 1 



A 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Persian 


ffl BQT:98-101; IRN:28 






ard -just 








W 


ard : 25th 


day of each Persian month 


< r ^ 


T)^| 


Ardalan 


: a male name, 


"holy land of Aryans" 


cW 


Ardavan : a male name 


"protector of justice" 


ob-^j' 


ArdesTr 


a male name, 


"just king" 




wwwSJl )l 


nard 1 : 


backgammon 






w 


Sy3 2> 
Ferdowsf 


;l <o (Jju-o 


U (jyS - J 


A ^jhJ^ (J?L> 


/ip^w 


"nard" is a 


distorted form of "NTv-ArdesTr 


. See"Nei 1" 





Pahlavi 03 BQT:101,142; SNS:5 



as-vahist:(jes((raft 
Urt-Vahist:(jes((raft 

ahru, ahrav, asog: sacred 



^ 



Persian UJ BQT; M0N:289; TZF:26 



Ordlbehest : "best truth" C*&Q*li jl 

aSU : true, heaven ojul 



Persian 


ffl BQT:30,437,926,927 


AEF:428; 


FFD:24 


fad : liberal, brave 






^ 


arastan : 


decorate 


(LiljT 


• J^J 


>Cr»'j' 


pirastan 


: to trim (add 


or cut) 


^JH>, 


) Cr"'^ 


virastan 


: to edit 






•■ i 






JJwwl jW I j ^_ 


[^ h 


Ferdowsf 




J^wM/Jl 


js&$ ji <-".) r" 



31 



^ 






Ar | Araq 

Indo-European 03 pok:55 



Ar, Are : to fit together 
See part ONE for more derivatives 



Avestan 03 WLD:74; POK:56 



ratll '.judge, religious leader 



W 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:226 



fad : leader, master, Sir 



Avestan 03 pok:56 



arante : puts in order 

aram, arem: suitable 



Old Persian 

03 WLD:74; POK:56; KNT:205 



rad 1 , radiy : cause, reason 
because of, due to 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd; pok 



harmos -.joint 

arthrO-ltlS : inflammation of joints, arthritis 
arithmUS : number 

logOS-arithmUS : ratio number, logarithm 
arma : arms, weapons 



<+ 



V* 



Arabic 03 bqt:96 



arbah, arobeh : arms, war chariot 



English 



PART 2 



~x 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Persian 


UJ BQT:943; 


MON:1645; FSF:199 




fad : leader, judge, hero, wise 

1 . ' 

Ferdowsi O'-Mj-* J*-* 


3 (jAi_ ^JlJLj 


3> 



Persian 


03 NYB:164 


BQT:926; AEF:250 




ra : due to 


for 




Ij 


Cera : for what ? 




?l* 




Ol) <l> Jjj Pi jS I Ja9u> J»*a9 <U 


'yCiJrj2> 


Hafez 


d-v^O 


)l_W> «2 ,*—0 <0 I ) (^IjJ* Oi^Xfl 



French 



harmonie 

arthrose 

logarithme 



Persian 

03 MON:3619,5082; AMD:24 



harmonT 

artotoz 

logaritm 






Persian UJ BQT:96; MON:2286 



arrabeh : cart, war chariot ( 8_>l"x ) <uljl 



harmony, arthritis, arithmetic, logarithm, arms, army, alarm 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



ars : skm 

reri : to consider 

Ordo : row of threads in loom 



French 03 ahd 



Persian 03 mon:41 


artist c-wa£3 j I 








English 03 ahd 






art, artist 



English 



order, coordinate, ordinary, reason, ratio, rate 



Wl 



Germanic 03 ahd 



^ 



English 



read, arm 



Araq 



see root: A.r.q 



32 



Ardha A\r.f 



Old Persian 03 bqt:1445 



~X 



Ardha 



swept moved, pushed 



^ I Old Persian 03 NYB:23,76; BQT:1445 



fra-ardha, frardha, frardha-van : pushed forward, correct, right®" Par 1 

apa-ardha : pushed back, backward, wrong®" Apo 



W 



Pahlavi ffl BQT:1445,2246; NYB:23,76 



fraron : right, honest, upright 
aparOfl : wrong, bad, upside down 



Persian ffl mon:2499 



frarun : correct, honest 



Daqfqf 






V k 



^ 



Persian ffl mon:4941 



VarGn : upside down, wrong, evil 



fyjb < ojj'j 



Fsrdowst al , i jL*J J Xjly OUl> <U _ «l> Jjjj ^l AJjjIj l r~r-jl ,>»■> 



Are 



see root. 



Ar 



Arabic 03 KLN:1573; AHD:1317 



A 



A .r.T: to know 
I 3 NT : information 



h 


h 


Persian ffl fva:267 


' 






erfan : knowledge, gnosticism "A$ x 






uiu^u < Objf < u2>^£ < c*$jim 4 u^jW 






u2>l japI <u#jU1a <u#jU3 <<J!Ffji <tj&3 *a 






ta refeh : a list of duties imposed on imports or exports &$ yj 






Turkish 03 ahd 


► — 


Spanish 


ta'rifa 


tariff 



English Q3ahd:1317 



tariff 



33 



Arg | A.r.q 

Indo-European 03 pok:64 
Arg : to shine, white metal 






Avestan 03 pok:64 



erezata : white metal 



Pahlavi 03 S0D:56 



arzyz : tin 



Old Persian 03 knt:171 



arda- : light 

ardata : shiny metal, silver 

arda-Stana : flight stand), window frame ^Sta 



Sogdian 03 S0D:56 



rcyc : tin 



Latin 03 kln; ahd 



argentum : silver 



Latin 



arguere : to clarify 



~^\ 



h 


Persian ffl hrn:17 

arzTz: " n Xu 1 





English 



argent, Argentina 



English 03 ahd 



argue 



Ario 



Arkhein 



see root : Al 1 
see root: Arxein 



Arabic 03 fva:269 



A.r.CJ: to sweat 

/\f3C| : sweat juice, liquor 



^\ 



V* 



Arabic B3ahd:152 



aDU-araq : "father of sweat", a spicy 
plant used in medicine ^Ab 2 



Persian UJ fva:269 



araq : sweat liquor 



i3j* 



I, 



( -Middle Latin 03 ah d : 1 52 



^ 



borrago 



Old French 03 ahd 



bourrache, borrace 



English 03ahd:152 



borage : a spicy salad dressing 



34 



w 



Greek 03 KLN:100; AHD:1506 



Arxein, Arkhein 



to lead, begin 



Greek 03 KLN:100; AHD:69 



arx, arxt, arkh, arkht : leader, master 
arx-tekton : master builder, architect^" Tex 
arxeion : government, public office, government records 



W 



Latin 03ahd 



architectus 
archivum 



French 03 ahd 



architecte 
archive 



V 

L 



Greek 03ahd:67 



arxaios, archaios : ancient 



I Latin 



Arxein Asfar 



~X 



Persian 03 AMD:25; MON:43 



arsTtekt : "master builder 
arsTv : archive 






English 03 ahd 



arch- : master 

archbishop, architect, archive 



English 03 ahd 



archaeo-, archaeology, archaic 



Aryo 



see root : Al 1 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:6 



AS:(, 



Latin 03 KLN:102; FSD:1133 



ardere : to be on fire 
arere : to become dry (land) 
ara : an area 



V k 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



askon : 



French 03 ahd:69 



are : area 

hect-are : unit of area 
(2.47 acres)^ Dekm 



^ 



Persian UJ mon:39, 5159 



ar 1 : unit of area A 

hectar : unit of area j\zS& 



English Q3fsd:1133 



hectare 



English 



area 
arson 



English 



ash 



A-sema 



Asfar 



see root: Sema 
see root: S.f.r 



35 



A\s.r Asu 



Arabic 03 KLN:50; FVA:273 



~x 



A\S.I": 



to squeeze (the juice out) 



W 



Arabic 03 fva:273 



a'sarah:ju/ce 
al-a'sarah : the pice 



Persian 03 fva:273 



osaraU, osareU: pice, extract ( jLfls < <~»f) ojLae 



Spanish 03 kln:50 
alizari :;u/ce 



French 03 dev:23 



alizari: madders 



^ 



English 03ahd:33 



alizarin, alizarine: a red dye 

extracted from madder root 



W 



Akkadian 03 kln:113; ahd:77 



~X 



ASU : 



to rise, come out (said of the suh) 



Greek 03 KLN:113; AHD:77 



asia : tahd of sunrise, the East 



I Latin 



French 



h 


Persian 03 MON5:37 


' 




AsTya : Asia T \^J\ 






English 03 KLN:113; AHD:77 


Asia 



^►l Arabic ffl 



KLN:113 



WaZU : to become beautiful, clean 

W.Z.a : to wash, clean 

WOCIU : the washing before prayer 



^ 



Persian LLI FVA:432; MON:5037 



VOZU : the washing (ablution) before prayer 



j*J 



Hafez 






36 



w 



Indo-European 03 pok:69 

Ater, Atr:f,re 



Avestan 03 POK:69; KLN:123 



atars, athra:f/re 



I, 



(•Pahlavi 03 bqt:13 



Still": (ire 

atur-pat : fire guard, a hero 
after whom a province of Iran 
(Azerbaijan) was named ^^ Pa 



W 



Sogdian 03sod:11 



as' kW: ash 
at'rh:f/re 



^ I Latin 03 



AHD; KLN:27 



ater, atrOX : black, darkened with fire, also cruelty 
atrium : forecourt where fire smoke escapes through the roof 
AdriaticUS, HadriaticUS : name of a town (nowAtri) in Italy 
built on black soil 



Wl 



Ater Ato 



~X 



Persian 03 MON; FNI:12; ETM:59 



atas : fire 

azar : fire, a name 






Azarbayejan : Azerbaijan 



itaik)' 



English 03 KLN:27, 123 



atrocity 
atrium 

Adrian : a name (from Atri) 

Adriatic 



French 



^ 



Persian LLI FNI:12; MON5:12 



Adrian : a Roman Emperor 

Ad fl at IK : a sea off the Mediterranean sea 






Athal 



Ato 



see root: Atos 
see root: Atos 



37 



Atos Au 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:71; ahd:1507 



~X 



AtOS, Atta, AtO, Athal : father, mother, family, race 



Avestan 03 POK:71; FAF:10 



athoya, athwya -.husband, man, father of Thraetaona (King Feraydoun) 



W 



Pahlavi 03 faf:10 



Aspiyan 



Persian 03 SNS:135; MON5:7; FAF:10 



AbtTn : name of one of the early kings in Iran 
Ferdowsf • 



<i>«^') Cr&' 



i\ J I fb ,jj ij-A J~s.-^j ^IjjJ )/ $ ^Ui) y 



W | Old High German 03 kln:27,44; ahd 



adal : lineage, ancestry 

adel-beraht : bright in nobility (Albert) *" Bhsreg 

athal-WOlf : nodfe wolf (Adolph)^" Wsl 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 SYN:94; WLD1:44; IEC:178,1369 

Tclt, Tata -.daddy 
Dhedh:grandfafter 





English 03 KLN:44; ahd 






Albert 
Adolph 






Persian 03 IEC:178; MON:1499 


dadeh : grandfather, aunt ' (,}} 






Sanskrit 03 SYN:94; IEC:1369 



tata, tata : grandfather 



Greek 03 IEC:178; SYN:94 



tethe : father, grandfather 



Latin 03 syn:94 



tata : father, grandfather 



Russian 03 kln:396 



tata : father 



^ 



English ffl KLN:396 



dad, daddy 

KLN:396 claims these and most other words on this chart to be 
of childish origin and does not provide the derivation path 



Atr 



Atta 



Au 1 



see root: Ater 
see root: Atos 
see root : 6us 1 



38 



Au 2 Aue 2 



~X 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:72 



AU 2, We 2 : away, off, down 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 kln:132; pok:72; hid:209 



ava 1 , aora : down 

avara : downward 



W 



Avestan 03 KLN:132; HRN:105; BQT:733 



ava-pat : fall down ®" Pat 1 
avara-Sad : settle down, satisfy^ Sad 



Persian 03 HRN:22; BQT:145,180 



oftadan : to fail 

XOrsand : satisfied 






N-Avestan 03 AEF:175; BQT:1 



ava-par : m down -^ pel 1 



Persian UJ BQT:180; AEF:175 



obardan : to siva//oiv ( yJilyl ) |Vjljl 

obash : a tough or rowdy fellow, a gangster <J^9' 

**j J 1 ' ^3 J^ 'j ^ <J - 4 - ,> - i,, 'j ^ -^Aj-*-; o-i 

RudaRT 



^ 



W 



Old Russian 03 ahd:1391 



U- : away, off 

U-krai : far away edge, border land^^ Sek 



English 



Ukraine 



Indo-European 03 kln:1740 



We-SperO : going down (of the sun) 



L 



Germanic 



WestO : sunset wesf 



English 



west 



Au3 



Aue 1 



Aue 2 



see root: 1 2 
see root : We 1 
see root: Wed 



39 



Aueg | Aus 1 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:84 



~X 



Aueg, Aug, Uog, Ug 



to increase, strengthen 



Avestan 03 pok:84,85 



Ugra : strong 

aojah, aogah : strength 



Avestan 03 HUB:45; NYB:160; BRT:862 



pairi-aojastara, pari-auzah : an strong, victorious^ Per 1 



L 



Persian ffl BRT:862; SNS:144 



pifUZ : victorious 



<.».»»> J37*i 



HRN:78 derives "pfruz" from Avestan "paiti-raocah:toward light" 
which is not accepted by HUB:45. 



Avestan 03 POK:84,85; SYN:876; SOD:30 



VaXSaiti, UXSyeiti : grows, strengthens, increases 
VaXS 2, UXS : growth 



^ 



Avestan B3aef:291 



Vana-VaXSa : grown in the woods, 
pansy, violet ^ Wen 



W 



Pahlavi 03aef:291 



vana-vasak : pansy 

HUB:33 doubts this derivation 



Persian 


03 AEF:291 


BQT:308 






banafseh : pansy 






*ui^ 


banafs 


violet, dark 






i j»&*i 




JXj o'jIj- ■> 


y ) JJ» (j\fy> 


Ferdowsf 


J^.p 


d^j? .3 


AlwJ 


d^.P 






Old Persian 03 knt:177 



VaXS : grow 

U-VaXStra : well grown (a male name) ** Su 1 



Persian UJ knt:177 



HovaXSatar : king of Media 



ji^y 



Sogdian 03 SOD:30 



XWS y : to grow 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 507 



Wahsan : growth, size 



English 03 ahd 



waist 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:1507 



augere : to increase 
augur : divine favor 
augUStUS : majestic, august 
aUXilium : support, aid 



English 03 ahd 



auction, augment, author 

inaugurate 

August 

auxiliary 



Aug 



Auo 



Aus 1 



see root: Aueg 
see root: 1 2 
see root : 6us 1 



40 



Aus 2 Ausus 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:86; kln:495 

Aus 2, Awes : to shine 

AUSUS : dawn 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:86; SYN:871 



USaiti : to light up 

USa : east dawn (direction of sunrise) 

usas-tara : east 



w 



Pahlavi ffl sns:67 



hlUS: 



Persian ffl HRN:281; SNS:67 



rlUS 2 : morning 

nUSbam : morning shine, breakfast^ 

These words are almost obsolete. 






Indo-European 03 kln:1702 



Wes 2, Wesr :s 



W 



W 



Avestan 03pok:1174 



Vasar, Vasri : spring 

vanri, vanhar: spring 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:56 



vahar: 



Persian 03 POK:1174; KLN:1702 



bahar: 



jWi 



Sanskrit 03 bqt:1452 



vihara:s 



W 



Sogdian 03 SOD:108 



brgr: temple 



Persian 03 BQT:1452; FRS:87 



farxar : temple j&>2 

C^A ply CU) ^l ^Jaa 5 - C^A jl? OvJ 3 ^j'A J^fi 
Rudakt 

See BQT:1452 for discussion on the derivation 



W 

L 



Old Persian 03 knt:188,207 



vahara : 



spring time 



Latin 03ahd 



Ver : spring 



English 



vernal 



W 

V 

L 



Germanic 03 ahd 



aUSt : direction of sunshine 
AllStron : goddess of dawn 



English 



east 
Easter 



Old High German 03 ahd 



OStar : eastern 



English 



Austria 



^ 



Latin 03 kln:130 



aUStralis : southern (land) 
aurora : dawn 



English 



Australia 
aurora 



Aus 3 



Ausus 



see root: 6us 2 
see root: Aus 2 



41 



Autos Autos 



^ 



Greek 03 KLN:130; AHD:89 



~x 



AutOS : self 
from uncertain origin 



Greek 03 kln; ahd 



authentes, afendis : se/f doer, 

authority, ruler, original 



Turkish 03 kln:502 



afandi : 



W 



Latin 03ahd:89 



authenticus : 



German 



^►[Trench 



autO-bahn : highway 



v» 



^ 



Persian UJ mon:319 



afandT -.title of respect (JJJ>il 



English 03 ahd 



authentic, 



Persian 



Otoban : highway ^Ijyl 



Persian UJ mon:139 



tj*j>j>i i J^jy yl ' <SJ>\/>j>\ 



English 03 AHD:89; KLN:130 



auto-, automobile, automatic 



42 



Aw Awei 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:86 

Aw, Awi, Awei:(,,rd 



~X 



Avestan 
03 POK:86; 


HRN:296 


SYN:183 


VIS 2 : bird 
VayU : air 

vi 1 , vay 
a-vayeiti 


1 : to fly 
flied up 





Pahlavi 03 POK:86; NYB:207 



voi, vay, vayandak : (j/rd 



h 


Persian 

03 HRN:995; FRS:56 






vay : bird tj\% 




VIS : bird Jij j 




Both are almost obsolete 






Latin 03 pok:86 



English 03 ahd 



aviation, ostrich 



Indo-European 03 pok:86,783 



OW, OWO, AyO, OW^O: a bird egg 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:783; syn:256 



a vay a, xaya : egg 

ap-avaya : to castrate 



ll 



(•Pahlavi 03 HRN:103; PLA:104; BQT:711 



hayik, Xayak : egg, testicle 

xayak-bar, xayak-bar : egg earner (fish) 5 



Persian 

03 HRN:103; SYN:256; PLA:104 



Xayeh : egg, testicle iJ\-> 

xaviyar : cawar ,t, ,y> 



I 






V 


Turkish 03afm:51 




havyar 












Germanic / Old Norse 03 ahd 


ajjam : egg 
egg : egg 



I Italian 



French 



English 03 ahd 



English 



kidney, egg 



v* 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



English 



ovule 



Arabic 03sap:1123 



A 



AW3T : he damaged 



W 



Arabic 03 SAP:1124; AHD:91; KLN:133 



'awar, 'awariyah: damaged goods 



Persian 03 mon 



af 2 : damage, shame \\fi 

avaf : defect, damaged goods, damaged cloth j| -£ 

Farrokht jljf Jj-> y ij" /■ jJJI <0 j»$ ^l ill jS 



^-» | Spanish 

^ I Italian 



French 03 KLN:133; AHD:91 



avafie : damage to ship, also (averaged) 
loss shared equitably among investors 



English 



average 



Awei 



see root. 



Aw 



43 



Awes | Aysan 



Awes 



Awi 



see root: Aus 2 
see root: Aw 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:12; AHD:1507; OEW:3 



A 



Ayer, Aier, Aieil: day, morning, early in the day 



Avestan 03 POK:12; AEF:376 



ayare : day 

pr6-ayare : yesterday^ Par 1 



W 



Pahlavi B3aef:376 



parer : yesterday 



Persian LLI aef:376 



p3V\V : yesterday 
pirar : two years ago 

Naser-Khosrow 






i i > .^ 



b_«Jjl 



j j'j-^ 1 



iLs 



rtrt 



V 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd:1507; oew:3 



airiZ: early 



I JUjI J&l j^ jA c^A <u*$ <6ou> 



English 03 ahd; oew 



early, ere, erst 



Ayo 



Ayos 



Aysan 



see root: Aw 
see root: Aios 
see root: Zay 



44 



Baba Baba 



B 



W I Greek 03 OEW:22 



W 



Indo-European 03 oew:22; ahd:1507 



A 



DdDd : baby words for relatives, imitative of indistinct speech. 
DdrDdrdll, DdlDdrdll : people who speak a non-Aryan language. 
These words may be related to the root "Pa:to protect, feed". 



barbitOS, barbarOS : non-Greek, 
foreign people or things. 






Pahlavi 03 BQT:249; MON:497 



barbllt : a stringed musical instrument 



Persian 03 mon:497 



barbat : a musical instrument ]a> j 

Hafez ijj y-ii b-ij-i J *-£}-> c*"'/" 



Latin 03ahd 



barbaria : foreign country 
barbarUS : foreign, rude, wild 
rheu-barbarum : foreign rhubarb^ Eves 1 



English 03 OEW:22 



barbarian, barbarous, Barbara 
rhubarb 



Russian 03ahd:100 



balalayka : a musical instrument 



Persian 03 V0P:84 



balalayka : a Russian stringed musical instrument 



&m 



English 03ahd:100 



balalaika 






Old French ffl oew:22 



babine : hanging lip (not talking properly) 



English ffl OEW:22 



baboon 



Italian ffl oew:22 



bambino : originally meant a wild 
and savage man; later changed 
to a brave and courageous man. 



French 



braVO : an expression of 
approval (for bravery). 



h 


Persian ffl vop:87 


' 




bravo ^^A 



^ 



English 03 ahd; oew 
brave, bravo 



W 



Hindustani 03 OEW:22 



babCi : old man (baby talk) 



Persian 03 mon:430 



bab 3 : an old respectful man 



( y\>)' ylj 



Compare with the Persian word "baba:father". See root "Pa" 



^-» [Germanic 03 ahd 
^ 



English 03 ahd 



baby, babe, babble 



45 



Balbarah Bata 



Balbarah 



see root. 



Baba 



Old Persian 03 pla:56 



Balut 



: oak tree, acorn 



v* 



Pahlavi 

03 PLA:56; MON:576 



balut, barut:oa* 



Persian UJ MON:576; BQT:303 



balut: oak 



m* 



w 



^ 



Arabic 

03 PLA:56; MON:576 



balluth:oak 



Spanish 
03 KLN:162 



belloth : 



English 
03 KLN:162 



bellote : 



Indo-European 03 pok:93; ieC:53,92 



A 



Bamb, Bambo, Bhombhos: 



bang, rumble 



h 


Persian UJ IEC:53,92; MON:578 


' 




bam : bass, low -J 
MON derives this word from Arabic but IEC claims it is Indo-European 



w 



Greek 

03 IEC:53 



bombos 



Latin 

03 IEC:53 



bombus 



French 03 ahd:149 



bombe 



L 



Persian 03 V0P:92 



bomb : bomb (^ftl y^) ^ 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



bomb 



Bambak 



Bambo 



Barbarah 



see root: Pambak 
see root: Bamb 
see root: Baba 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:223 



~X 



Bata, Vata 



: small, undesirable, bad 



W 



^ 



Iranian 03 ISS:224 



Vata : bad 



Pahlavi 03 ISS:224 



Vat : bad 



h 


Persian 03 HRN:44; BQT; MON:4993 


' 




bad 1 : bad Jj 
Vad : bad } • 



Batiaxe Besma 



Old Persian 03 hrn:36 



~X 



DdtldXG : a bowl (of wine) 
The source of the Old Persian form is not clear 



v* 



Pahlavi 03aef:207 



batak : 



^ 



Persian UJ aef:207 



badeh : wins e}[> 

badTyeh : ijoivi (of wine) ( <ukl) ) ij}[> 

patTleh:p ( ( Aol> ) <djl> 

Manuchehrt V^*j' ^ f" - ^ )' ' «-~k<^ (Y <C_Jjl 

VFO:18 claims these words are related to English "pot". Also see "P6 2". 



Avestan 03 S0D:18 



~X 



Bazda: 



W 



Sogdian 03 SLW:101; SOD:18 
'bz, 'bj, 'bz, 'byZ: sin, bad 



^ 



Persian 03 bqt:1485 



faz : dirt, dirty ( T «J ) «i 

fazak : dirty, impure ( ,y^lji < ^'jS ) ^J* 

fazagand : dirty ( jj^^i , jj^^i ) u±\*£ 

Asadt <> Xa I O Ui <ll)l y ^y» J> j _ j> Jj> I O I'ji y ^y> <0 ljLit> 



Belur 



see root: Velur 



Avestan 03 hrn:48 



~X 



Berenza: 



V. 



h 


Persian 03 hrn:48 
berenj 1 -.brass ' w j 





I, 



(rLatin 03 PRT:60; KLN:203 



bronzium : brass 



WltaR" 



Italian 



bronzo 



I French 



Persian UJ mon 



bronz : bronze 



yy. 



^ 



^ 



English 03 ahd 
bronze 



Besma 



see root: Busma 



47 



Beu 1 Bha 



Indo-European 03 pok:97 



~X 



BeU 1, BheU 1, BIlU: root of muffled sounds 






Avestan 03 pok:97 



bucahin, buxti : howl, yell 



h 


Persian ffl iec:116 


' 




DU-timar : a kind of bird of heron family jU-OoJ 



Pahlavi 03 MON:e 



bum 1 : owl 



Persian 03 pok:97 



bum 1 : owl whose sight was believed to bring misfortune ' A-j 



^ 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:176,213 



butire : to make a "bu" sound 
butio : bittern 
buted : a kind of hawk 



English 



bittern 
buzzard 






Indo-European 03 pok:98 



Beu 2, Bheu 2 



: to swell, blow 



Latin 03 l_AT:138; AHD 



bCicina : trumpet, horn 



Aramaic 



bucina : horn 



Arabic 

03 BQT:318; AFA:284 



bljq : horn 



Germanic 03 ahd 



pUK : bag, pocket 



French 03ahd:1011 



pocket, poche 



Persian 03 bqt:318 


bijq : horn ,jj jj 




Persian UJ mon:668 


pakat ci"l> 








English 03 ahd 






pocket, pouch 



v» 



English 



bosom, big, bud, boast, bucket, puff 






Latin 03 ahd 



bulla : bubble, round object 
bulca : inflated 



English 



bullet, bowl, boil, bully, bullion 
buckle 



Bha 



Bha 



see root: Bhe 
see root: Bhe 



Bha 1 Bha 1 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:104 
Dild 1 : to shine 



^\ 



Avestan 03 POK:104; SOD:97 



bama, ba, bamya : bright 



Persian 03 bqt:227 



bam 1 : morning ' p\y 

bamdad : morn/ng }\jA> 



W 



Sogdian 

03 BQT:1437; SOD:97 



b m : color, brilliance 



Persian 03 SOD:97; SLW:100 



fam : a suffix meaning color ' p\$ 



V 



Greek 03 ahd; kln:1170 



phos : light 

ph6s-phorOS : light bearing (substance) ** Bhsr 1 

phanOS : torch 

phanein : to shine 



w 



v k 



French 



phase, photo, fantome, phosphore 



^ | Germanic 03 ahd \ >- 
^ 



Persian UJ bqt:1437 



fanUS : lantern (/'yU 

f ' ^3 A <y 3 C^ oW" 3 a"y^ f I ^ 



Persian 03 MON:2470; AMD:1510, 1553 



jLi , ^yM , yy , jU 



English 03 ahd; kln 



photo, phantom, phase, 
phenomenon, emphasis, phosphor 

English 

beacon 



Bha 2 Bhad 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:105 
Dlld £ : to speak, heal 



^\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 NYB:48; POK:105 



bisazka : heater, doctor 
baesaza : doctor, medicine 



Pahlavi 03aef:237 



besazak : doctor 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:399 


' 




pezesk : doctor Sj>'j* 



w 



Sogdian 03sod:117 



bye : doctor 



<+ 

W 



Latin 03 ahd 



fan 



to speak 



English 



infant, fate, fame, confess, preface 



Greek 03 AHD:1304; KLN:1557 



phone : voice 

SUn-phone : harmonious sound^ 



French 



telephone 
symphonie 



Persian 03 mon:1132, 1921 



telefon 

geramafon 

samfonT 



V> 



V* 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



banwan : speak publicly 






English 03 ahd 



symphony 



English 



phone, prophet 



English 



ban, abandon 



Indo-European 03 pok:106 
Bhad: good 






Avestan 03 POK:106; KLN:167 



badra : good fortune, luck 

hu-badra : (with) good luck, lucky ^Su 1 



Germanic 03 ahd 



batiso : good 



English 



better, best 



50 



Bhag | Bhag 



Indo-European 03 pok:107; ieC:61 
Dliag : to share out, to enjoy 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:107; KNT; KLN:169 



baga, baga : distributor 

of good fortune, God 
baxtO-data : one who is given 

a good fortune, lucky^^ Do 2 
baX-ta : that which is given, fate 



^ 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:203,239; AEF:198,241; ETM:61; FFD:35 


' 




baxstdan : to give 








l\«L^**cW**J 




baXS : division 
baxt : fortune, fate 












baj : toil, tax 








< T ^> ^ 




3 3 3 *^ ^ ^^ $ 
Ferdowsf 


4j w A*** . 


/ 


fj? 


«i «ijS jj jl_x_)i j 



Avestan 

03 BQT:251,324;SNS:96 



baxadra : interest, 
something given 



> 


Persian UJ bqt; SNS:96 




barx : interest 


< i/V*> £j* 




baUr : interest 


< °J*>. > 7« 




T ji r fr jl COD (JJJOjjl <0 
Asadf 


-£>* J Jk j^> ^iib (jl y* 



Persian UJ BQT:288,289,337; MON:2558; POK:107; TZF:18 



bag, fag : God, goddess 

Bagdad : God-given (city), Baghdad 1 ^ Do 2 

bag-Stan : location (mountain) of gods 1 ^ Sta 

also a very beautiful person (goddess of beauty) 

bistun : corruption of "bag-stan", name of a mountain 
upon which ancient Iranians used to worship 

Ferdowsf oUw dL&fl'j j-#* j> r\J> Ju _ oU iJjyJLa <0 Jual *£ Q&J<3 

Henning derives "bag" from Sogdian (SLW:94) 

TAD:12 derives "Baghdad" from Persian "bag-e-dad:garden of justice". 






^ 



w 



Avestan 03 HJB:49; BQT:333,1494 



baga-puthra : son of God, 

title of respect^^ Pou 
baga-dugdar : daughter of God, 
Venus ^Dhsugh 



Persian UJ HJB:49; BQT:333,1494; TZF:18 



fagpUf: son of God, title of respect )*&$ 

B idoxt : "daughter of God" C-J»-Xo 



Avestan 03 bqt:164 



hama-baga : share together'^' Sam 1 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:164 



hambag : companion 



Persian 



anbaZ : companion V^jl 

anbag : rival wife i Ljl 

Molavt jl j5 ji Ij to j>j_p- j jJLl*} 



w 



Turkish 03 zma:49 



bak : grand, Lord, God 
ata-bak : grand fafher, 
god father 



Persian 03 etm:60 



bak : a title of respect ( S^ , lXo < uS«0 < l>J ) lSJ 

t^ "' "' "' ' ' 

baygom : "ruler's mother, title of respecf'^Umm A^J 



atabak : grand father, god father 



SjO\ 



51 



Bhag | Bhag-mos 



Indo-European 03 pok:107; ieC:61 



Dliag : to share out, to enjoy 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 






Avestan 03 HRN:39; AEF:224 



baga : share, property, gardei 



Sogdian 03 sod:37,ioo 



DXS : to share out 
bg : God 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:39; AEF:224 


' 




bag : garden c \) 
HUB:23 does not agree with this derivation. 



Sanskrit 03 AHD; HJB:49; KLN:140 



bhaga : good fortune 

bhagavant-gita : sound of subiime cr gh 

bhaga-dhara : holder of happiness, brave^Dher 1 
"bhaga-dhara" may be from Persian "faghpoor" (HJB:49) 



| Mongolian 03 hjb:49 



Persian 03 bqt; mon 



bahador : hem 



j->Wi 



^ 



English 03 hjb; aid 



Bhagavad-Gita, bahadur 



W 



Indo-European 03 IEC:61 



Bhag-los, Bhag-mos : enjoyment, 

feasting 



r 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:523 



bazm : feast 



Persian 03 MON:523; IEC:61 



bazm : feast 



<'/f>i> f» 



Persian UJ IEC:61; MON:489 



bazleh: jest joke <Jl> 

MON derives this from Arabic 



W 



Greek 03 IEC:61 



phagein : to eat 



^ 



English 03 AHD; IEC:62 



-phagos, -phagy, phagocyte, 
phagomania, phagophobia, esophagus 



Indo-European 03 pok:108 
BhagPlU -.elbow, arm 



~~\ 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 POK:108; KLN:190 



bazu, bazau: 



Persian 03 bqt:220 



bazii: 



JJH 



Germanic 03 ahd 



DOOg: bow of a sh/p 



English 



bow : front section of a ship 



Bhag-los 



Bhag-mos 



see root: Bhag 
see root: Bhag 



52 



Bhe | Bhegh-iks 



^ 



Indo-European 03 IEC:69,70; pok:112 



~X 



Bhe, BheCjh : outside, open 
Dl"IGC|n~lKS : outside, excluding, except 



Pahlavi 03 mon:452 



a-paC: open 



^ 



w 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:70 



bohyah : outside, open 
bahlS : except, excluding 





Persian UJ IEC:70 






baz : open ' )[> 






Persian UJ IEC:70; MON:473 


bejOZ : except, excluding 'po 



Indo-European ffl iec:70; pok:115 



Di"IGC| : to oust out, push out, strike, break 



C 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 508 
banWon : river banks 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



bank, bankrupt, banquet 

bench : originally used by bankers to exchange money 



Indo-European 03 POK:113; IEC:59; WLD2:136 



A 



Bhe, Bho, Bha, Bha-. indeed 






Avestan 03 POK:113; IEC:59 



ba, be, bet: indeed 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:59 



bha-la: 



h 


Persian UJ IEC:59; MON:424,577 


' 




DI-, D6- : emphatic prefixes (Xow <G*iJ *J ) 


"</*' " V 




baleh, ball: yes 


^«4 




MON derives "baleh & balf from Arabic 






while IEC claims they are Indo-European 





Armenian 03 IEC:59 



ba:> 



Bheg 



Bhegh 



Bhegh-iks 



see root: Bhe 
see root: Bhe 
see root: Bhe 



53 



Bhel Bhel 



W 



V 



V 



Indo-European 

03 POK:120,122,125,156,158; AHD; ROE:65,66 



Bhel, Bhelgh, Bhlei, Bhleu: 

to swell, blow, thrive, grow, bloom, overflow 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 POK:120; BQT:256 



barez : to grow 
bara-S-man : bundle of twigs 



w 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:256 



barSUm : branches, twigs 





Persian 03 BQT:256; SNS:103 




barsam : a bundle of twigs „„ j 
used in Zoroastrian ceremonies 

Fsrdowst civwjj pwijl jlj £ j! liiji 





Avestan 03 pok:125 



barazis, barasnav : cushion, pnio\ 



W 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:98 



balisn, balen :puio\ 



Persian 03 POK:125; SNS:98 



bales -.pillow ( ^ ^jJlj 

Fsrdowst y ^J\j iiw«l&> fUjIjrf 



Middle German 03 ahd 



bole : beam, plank 
balle : ball 



French 03 ahd 



boulevard 



W 



Italian 03ahd:102 



palla, pallone : bail 

ballotta : a small ball used for voting 



French 

03 AHD:102 



ballon : ball 



v k 



w 



Latin 03 ahd 



ballaena : (spouting) whale 
bulga:feafter(jag 



Old French 03 ahd 



baleine : whale 



L 



Old French 03 ahd 



bougette : leather bag, budget 



W 



English 03 AHD; ETM:62 

budget 



French 03 etm:62 



budget 



W 
^ 



Old Norse 03 ahd 



bl6m, blomi : f/ower 
bulki: rolled up bundle 



h 


Persian LLI mon:605 


' 




bulvar : boulevard j\Aji 



English 03 ahd 



boulevard 



Persian 03 mon:467 



balon : balloon 



(^ ' L>A 



English 03ahd:102 



balloon 



English 03ahd:102 



ballot 



Persian 03 MON:464,467 



balon : whale ^ Jl> ( ^ Jl> 



English 03 ahd 



baleen 



Persian 03 mon:600 



biidjeh : budget 



4^-iy 



English 03 ahd 



bloom, bulk 



54 



Bhel | Bhelgh 



W 



Indo-European 

03 POK:120,122,125,156,158; AHD; ROE:65,66 



Bhel, Bhelgh, Bhlei, Bhleu 

to swell, blow, thrive, grow, bloom, overflow 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Latin 03 ahd 



fluere : to flow 

fluere-eSCent : showing a flow 
in-fluentia : a flowing in 
folium : leaf 
fl0S, fl6r: flower 



French 



Persian 03 MON:97,386,2573; VOP:251 



follJOr : Fluor gas JV*^ 

fluoresant: fluorescent lamp CjLujaii 

anfluanza : f/u, I^T^lis! < 'j 3 "^" 

it literally means influence (of a virus). 



V k 



English 03 ahd 



flux, fluid, fluent, flush, fluoride, fluorescent, 
influence, foliage, portfolio, Florence, florist, 
flourish, flower. 



W 



Greek 03 ahd 



phullon:feaf 
xlorOS-phullon : green leafi 



French 03 ahd 



Chloro-phylle : the green 
pigments in plants 



^ 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



bul : bowl 
bullon : bull 

balthaz : bold 

bios : flower, blossom 
bladaz : leaf blade 
balgiZ : bellows 



W 



^ 



Dutch 03 AHD 



b\uyster : blister 

This is a Middle Dutch word. 



Persian 03 mon:3030 



kolorofTI 



J^/ 



English 03 ahd 



chlorophyll 



English 


03 AHD 


bowl 




bull 




bold 




blossom 




blade 




bellows, 


belly 



English 03 ahd 



blister 



Bhelgh 



see root. 



Bhel 



55 



Bhen Bhen 



Indo-European 03 pok:126 
BY\en : to strike 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 KLN:145; SYN:304 ► 



ban : to be sick 

banta : sick 

banay : to make sick 



Germanic 

03AHD 



banon : 



Middle German 



bane : path cut 

through woods, road 



^ 



"~X 



German 03 ahd 



autO-bahn : highway 



L 



Persian 



otoban ^| 



English 



autobahn 



Bhendh Bhendh 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:127 
Bhendh : to bind, fasten 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:127; BQT:449 



banda : band, tie 
paiti-band : to attach ^ Per 3 



w 



Persian 03 AHD:1509; BQT:305; SAP:491 



band : band, dam 



JJo 



payvastan : to attach ( jj^ ) ji»^ 

dul-band : shawl, turban Jjjo 



'dul: around" is an Arabic term. 



Persian 03 fvf:98 


darband : "enclosed area" 


JJ*J O 


bandar : "enclosed area", port'^' Dhwsr 


jJij 




j>\X> 



w 



Turkish 03 phn:363 



tiilbend : turban 



French 



English Q3ahd:1382 
turban 



W 



Latin 03 ah D: 1380 



tulipa : fu//p (due to 
its turban shape) 



English ffl AHD; OEW:247 



tulip : this flower was first taken to England 
in 1575 from Persia via Turkey and Holland. 






Old Persian 03 SOD:105; knt:199 



bandaka : slave 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:588; KNT:199 



bandak : slave 



Persian 03 mon:588 



bandeh : slave 



s.Uj 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:127; AEF:160; HUB:18 



basta : bundled up, fastened 
ham-basta : tied together, 
interwoven, spider web 



Persian UJ KLN:152; BQT:164,173,278; AEF:159 



bastan : to tie, close 

anbast : tied together, dense, coagulated 

anfast : spider web 



{/****< 



Ajl {£$ 6'3v "3"^ y. ^¥. - tij^r j»^~" ^r^ ^ J > u£ty*» 



Shams Fakhrf 



W 



Latin 03 KLN:152,576 



faSCis : bundle 



English 03 kln:152 
basket 



W 



Italian 03 kln:576 



fascismo : bundle, (a political) c 



I 



French 



fascism 



Persian 03 mon:2471 



fasism 



<c 



\i) 



English 03 ahd:477 
fascism 



W 

L 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



band, binda, bund 



English 03 ahd 



band, bend, bond, bind, bundle, ribbon 



French 03 kln:146 



bannier:dand 



English 



banner 



57 



Bhengh | Bher 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:127 

Bhengh :ft/ckfe( 






Avestan 03 POK:127; KLN:1109 



bazah : height, depth 



Sogdian 03 S0D:137 



db'nz: 



wide, coarse 



Greek 03ahd 



paxus : tick 



^\ 



Persian 03 mon:452 



baZ : distance between stretched hands (' 'Xi <o ju) )U 



English 03 ahd 



pachy- -.thick 

pachyderm : thick-skinned animals^ Der 1 



Indo-European 

03 POK:128,163; KAS:10; PRT:234; SYN:107 



Bher 1 :to carry 
Dlircl~t3r : load carrier (of family), 
brother^" Ter 3 



W 



^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:128 



bar : to carry, ride a horse 
baraiti : carries 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:253 



buftan : to carry away 
bar 1 : load 
Xayak-bar : egg carrying 



fish, caviar Aw 



PART 1 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Persian 03 POK:128; BQT; AEF:208,212 


bordan : to carry, take 






^j*. 


bar 1 : load, fruit (tree load) 




0'->jAh < 


r /:>^ 


XavTyar : caviar 






Aj^ 


band : mail carrier 






My. 


bareh : carrier, horse 






"J^. 


Ferdowsf 


J* 


- >\vj>. j-* M j-^J &} Jl. 


PLA:48, TAD:9 and AFM:18 claim 


"band' 


is from Pahlavi "burtan". 




BQT, MON and AKD:50 claim it is 


from Latin "veredus: carrier". 





w 



Avestan 03 BQT:821, 1773, 1858, 2245; HRN:68,240; FFD:42 



aspa-bara : horse load, horse rider'^' Ekwos 
Xar-bara : donkey load, unit of weight^ Kar 1 
gatU-bara: bed carrier^ Gyia 



gaOSa-Vare : carried by ear'&us 1 

dus-yare : d/ff/cuff to carfy^ Dus 

pari-bhar, pari-bar : carry around, raise (a child) c * 



Persian 03 


BQT; SNS:133 


•jt 'hj* < j'r 


>h- 


jbv' 


i)\^^ i 


*j y^t 


/•>;«< 


Av,' 


&>J3A 



w 



Avestan 

03 BQT66; MON:1395; DRM:292; FFD:28 



a-vare, a-bar-a : (jnng®"Apo 

mTzda-Vare : wage earner'^' Mizdho 
dat6-Vare : carrier of justice^ Dhe 2 
hvare-Varan : where sun goes, west 
^Sawel 



Persian 03 BQT; fsf:58 






C^li 



iy^O 1 



i\iAt 



Ijlli 



oi-3UJw> )5^" L^y^ j*^ 



For a discussion on "dastunpriest" see "Dhe 2" 



Bher 1 Bher 2 



^ 



^ 



Indo-European 

03 POK:128,163; KAS:10; PRT:234; SYN:107 



Bher 1 :to carry 
Dl"ircl~t3r : load carrier (of the family), 
brother^" Tar 3 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Old Persian 

03 POK:128 



bar : to carry, ride a horse 



Old Persian 03 knt:200 



a-bar : perform 

pati-a-bar : bring back, restore ®" Par 3 
para-bar : take away®" Par 1 
pari-bar : protect, preserve ®" Pari 
fra-bar : granf®" Per 1 



Greek 03ahd 



pherein : to carry 

ph6s-phorOS : light bearing (substance) ®" Bha 1 



French 

03AHD 



phosphore 



Persian 03 mon:2546 



fosfor ( olLi ) Jui 



^ 



English 03ahd:986 



phosphor 






Avestan 03 POK:163; KLN:204 


bratar : brother 






Sogdian 03 SOD:107 




br't: brother 





Persian 03 hrn:45 



baradar : brother 



J*W 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln:203 



beran, burthiz, bur, brengan 

brothar : brother 



English 



bear 1, birth, burden, bring 
brother 



Latin 03 ahd 



ferre : to carry 
frater : brother 



English 



defer, differ, fertile, offer, prefer, refer, suffer, transfer 
fraternity 



Indo-European 03 IEC:19 



Ambh6-BhOr, AmbhOI": atwo-handled 
tool for carrying (hot) objects ^^Ambhi 



t 



Persian 03 IEC:19 



ambor -.pliers ( c^o^Jl < «j«5l ) j^\ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:137 

Bher 2:tocoo* 



A 



Old Persian 03 POK:137; BQT:270; HRN:47 



braij : to cook, fry 



w 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:103; BQT:270 



bristag : roasted 
brejan : fry roast 



Persian 03 MON; BQT:255,270; AEF:256; FFD:37 



beresteh : roasted, toasted ( 'Sji j ) <£jb j> 

beryan : masted d^ji 

berijab : baking oven ( J^> ( ^j^> ) /j^J^ 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



frigere : to roasf 



English 



fry 



Bher 3 Bher 4 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:133, 166 

Bher 3, Bhrei -.to cut, pierce 



^\ 



Avestan 

03 HRN:49; BQT:270 



bray : to cut 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:105 



bridan : 



Persian 03 POK:133; BQT:270; HRN:59 



, w p 



boridan : to cut ( J>j ( 8 jj^j ) ^j^ 

bor-.cutter (y i 'J>\ l y i Sx^,y i iJi^Ji)^y i . 



DM : shovel 






w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



boron : to bore 



English 



bore 



Latin 03 ahd 



forare : to pierce 

ferire : to cut 
fricare : to rub 



English 



perforate, interfere 
friction, debris 



Indo-European 03 kln:182 

bherd : to cut 



r 



Germanic 



BURD: board 



English 03 ahd 



board 
border 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:136 



~X 



Bher 4 



: bright, brown 



Avestan 

03 POK:136; KLN:158 



bowra : red, brown 

animal, beaver 

bawraini, bawri : beaver 



Persian 03 BQT:231,314,315; MON:601; AEF:295 



bur : brownish red, red horse, flushed from embarrassment j-j 

biireh : borax, white ( JJj^j , Oj^J ) 8j^> 



W 



Arabic ffl bqt:315 



burq : white, shining 

TAD:14 links this word to the Arabic root "B.r.q: shines". 



W 



French 03 phn:71 



borax 



English Q3ahd:152 
borax, boric, Boron 



W 



Pahlavi 03 mon:471 



bavarak : beaver 



Persian 03 mon:471 



babar : beaver, red fox 



J* 



w 
^ 



Germanic 03 kln:158; ahd 



brunaz : brown 

berO : brown animal, bear, beaver 



English 



brown, brunet, 
beaver, bear 2, Bernard 



60 



Bher 5 Bhereu 



Indo-European 03 AHD:1510; POK:132,143; IEC:116 



~x 



Bher 5, Bheru, Bhereu, Bhreu, Bhru 2. 



Persian 03 IEC:116, MON:575 



balva : tumult 

MON:575 claims this is from an Arabic root 



^ 



^ 



W 



W 



Germanic 03 ahd 



breuwan : to brew 
braudam : cooked food, bread 

brudam : broth 

br6d : hatching 




Germanic 03 ahd 



brethaz : warm air, breath 
bres : burning 
brenw : to burn 
brandaz : a flaming torch 



English 


03 AHD 


breath 




braise, 


breeze 


burn 




brand, 


Brandy 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



fer-mentum:yeasf 

fervere : to be boiling 



English 03 ahd 



ferment 
fervent 



bherd 



see root: Bher 3 



Indo-European 03 pok:139 



A 



Bhereg, Bhreg-.to shine, bright 



W 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:139; BQT:137 



braz : to shine 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:247; MON:493 


' 




barazTdan : to look nice i)^ J j^ji 
barazandeh : well suited, m 8 jjj| j 



Sogdian 03 SOD:106 



br'z'fA: shining 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



berhtaz : bright 

berkjon : white tree, birch 

adel-beraht : bright in nobility (Albert)^ Atos 



English 



bright, Albert, Robert 
birch 



Bhereu 



see root: Bher 5 



61 



Bhergh | Bhergh 



^, 



Indo-European 03 pok:140 

Bhergh :h/g/7 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



4-Avestan 
03 POK:140; KLN:188; KNT:200; VDQ:36; MAG:181 



berez 1, berezi, berezra, bars, 
bares, berezant, barzman : high 

barz-ahva : higher world cr An 1 



Persian 

03 KLN:148; BQT:254,256,300; FSF:78; VDQ:36 



borz : tall, tallness 

barzax : middle stage (above hell) 

barZOy : "great", a name 

FarTborZ : "with elegant height", 
a male name ^^ Sawel 

Asadt $ (JUxjI JjP- ijb oyb<G 



Jj>. 

JS!>J 



h 


h 


Persian 03 KLN:148; BQT:254,256,300; FSF:78 


' 






boland : high Jjjj 






bala : up, above )l[> 






bala-Xaneh : balcony^ Gwhen 1 ii\>>i[> 



I, 



(•Italian 03 lkt:17 



barbacane : a watch room on castle wall 

balcone : balcony 

AHD derives these words from other roots 



W 



v> 



French 03 phn:55 



balcon 



Persian 03 mon:467 



balkon 



<A 



English 03 KLN:148; LKT:17 



barbican, balcony 



W 



V* 



Avestan 03 S0D:1 



bereg, a-bereg : high, 

desirable 



Pahlavi 03 S0D:1 



awarzog, arzok : wish, hope 



Persian 03 bqt; mon:42 



areZU : hope, wish q V j | 



Avestan 03 SOD:104 



baresa : high on top 
(of a horse neck), mane 



Sogdian 

03 SOD:104 



bnS:n 



W 

L 



Sogdian 03 S0D:1 



a-brxsy : wish 



Persian UJ SOD:140 



Ferdowst ^lji*j j> J £~&n j> SijJJIjJ 



Old Persian 03 knt:200,201 



bard- : to be high or tall 
Bardiya : the glorified (person) 
barsan : height, depth 
braZ : prayer 



^ 



Persian 03 FSF:79; KNT:200 



Bardiyeh : "great, tall", a historic male name 
barmaneS : with high manners and thoughts 
bar 2:high cr Upo 



Ferdowsf 

See root "Upo" for another derivation. 



62 



Bhergh | Bheu 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:140 



Bhergh :h/g/7 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Sanskrit 03 KLN:194; KNT:201 



brhant : high 

brahman : religious devotion, 
prayer 



Persian 03 bqt:269 



brahman : Priest of an old Indian religion ( <UJ& J ) *ysj& J 

(£jj» (V^ 5 A ^)y^ ' iS^M r**-^* - (^5-Lw \a*»2 0^4^ °J. y ^ 



English 03 kln:194 
Brahma, Brahman 



W 



W 



Germanic 03 ahd 



bergaz : mi 

burgs : hill fort 

harja-bergaz : army hill, harbor^ Koro 



English 03 ahd 



iceberg, Canterbury, borough, harbor 



Latin 03ahd:1509 



burgUS : fortified place, town 



Old French 03ahd:156 



bourg : town 
burgeis : townsmen 



Persian 03 mon:601 



bCirZUa : townsman 



'jJJJi 



^ 



English 03ahd:156 



bourgeois : the middle class 



V k 



English 03 ahd 



burg, burglar 



V* 



^ 



Latin 03 KLN:614; AHD:1509 



horctUS : high, good 
forctUS, fortis : sfrong 



English 03 ahd 



fort, force, comfort, effort 



Bheru 



Bheu 



Bheu 1 



Bheu 2 



see root: Bher5 

see root: Bhou 

see root : Beu 1 

see root: Beu 2 



63 



Bheu 3 Bheu 3 



W 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:146 

Bheu 3: 



~X 



to exist, grow 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:146; BQT:111 



buta, bav : to exist, become 

busyant, busyeity : wm exist 



Persian 03 POK:147; BQT:11 1,314; MON:603; AEF:293 






budan : to be 

basidan : to be 

boveSM : being, existence 






Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:146; BQT:111; KNT:200 



bumT: earth 
bumT-mathan : earthquake 

urvara:p/an< 



Pahlavi 

03 AEF:298 



bum 2 : earth 

bumahan: 

earthquake 
IMar : plants 



Sogdian 03sod:115 



bwmb : earth, world 



Persian 








03 POK:147; BQT:320; MON:401; AEF:299 




bum 2 : earth, 


country 




V 


bummahan 


earthquake 


<(>!* fl y 


>(**# 


IMar: plant 






j3j5 l 




^JuJ 


CH"** J-i 


Jjlj_) 


Garshasp 


V 3 "jj 


j' ^P Iff') 


J^ ¥ 



Avestan ffl BQT:223; SYN:1503; POK:146 



buitl, buitl daeVO : name of a demon encouraging idolatry 
BQT:233 claims Avestan name "buiti" is cognate with the Sanskrit word 
"bhuta: a being, phantom, ghost" from the Indo-European root "Bheu". 



W 



Avestan 
03 BQT:234 



biiiti-kata : /*>/ 

house ^Ket 



Persian ffl MON:472; BQT:234 


bot : idol 


( C-WJ yi C-vl i *Uliw i OJJW ) C-vl 


Hafez ' 


Y) C& jH {/) )' o^ 4 J ^ ^ J y 


See "Pwt" for another possible root. 





^itm 



t f-Hindustani 



Portuguese 



English 03 SKT:366; LKT:30; AID:233 



pagoda : prayer house 

See HJB:652 for a discussion on this word. 



W 



Sanskrit 03 SYN:1503; POK:146 



bnU : become be 

bhuta : a being, ghost, phantom 



' ^([Germamc^ 



English 03 AHD; POK:149 



be, build, beam, booth, boom, husband, neighbor, arbor, herb, bower 



W 

L 
^ 



Greek 03ahd 



phuein : to make grow 



English 



physics 



Latin 03ahd 



futurUS : ftaf is to be 

prO-bhwO : growing forward 

SUper-bhwO : being above 

tri-bhu : third being, the third, a section of the Roman empire 



English 03 ahd 



future 

prove 

superb 

tribe, tribune, contribute 



Bheudh | Bheugh 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:150 



~X 



DnGUdn : to be aware, enlighten 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:151; BQT:311; FFD:39 



baoidi, baodhi, baud-a: 



nice aroma 



^ 



h 


Persian 03bqt:311 


' 




buy : smell, aroma (^ ?,) <Jf, 

buy-yidan : to smeii O-^*! 

bCi-Stan : place of flowers^ Sta 0^***i 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 FFD:40 



pati-baUS : to smell, 
expect, guess 



Pahlavi 

03 FFD:40 



payOS : expect 



W 



Sogdian 03sod:113 



bws : ii 



Persian UJ FSF:98; FFD:40; BQT:342 



biyUSldan : expect, hope ( ij^^o ) A^tj 

bTyusandeh : hopeful «jJw»a^ 

na-bTyCisan : unexpected {j\*»yj\$ 

Asadr }5 £*J»5 3 jjj ^aj» <Ui) Uj^ 4$ 



w 



Sanskrit 03ahd 



blidhati : he awakes 
budha : wise, aware 



Persian 03 bqt:313 



buda : Indian philosopher 



] >y. 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



Buddha 



^-» [Germanic 03 ahd 
^ 



English 



bid, forbid 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:152 



A 



BheUg, BheUCjh :to purify, save, free 



Avestan 03 pok:152 



baog, bunja : to save 

baOXtar : rescuer 



Pahlavi 

03 POK:152; SNS:106 



boxtan : to save, free 
bozisn: pardon 



► — 


Persian 03 SNS:96,106,107; 


MON:476 




boxt : saved, rescued, forgiven 






pUZtdan : to ask for pardon 





w 



w 

^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:199 



baug : to sef free 

baga-buxsa : God-freed®" Bhag 



Latin 03 POK:152; ahd 



fugere : to flee 



English 03 ahd 



fugitive, centrifugal, refuge 



Bheugh 



see root. 



Bheug 



Bhili Bho 



Indo-European 03 pok:153 



~X 



D n 1 1 1 , D n 1 1 : good, friendly, loving 
SYN:1110 claims this is an Anatolian word 



v* 



Greek 03 pok:154 



philQS : love 



W 



W 



Greek 03 ahd; kln 



philo-SOphoS : fond 
of wisdom^^ Sophos 



Arabic 03 tad:53 



falsafah 



Persian 03 mon:2567 



falsafeh : philosophy <w»Ji 



► I Latin 03 ahd 



French 03 ahd 



English 03 ahd 



philosophy 



Greek 03 ahd; kln 



philo-armonica : fond of music 

^Ar 
philo-hippOS: fond of horses 

** Ekwos 
philo-adelphos : fond of brother 

^Gwslbh 



Latin 



I, 



i f-French 03 ahd 



I 





Persian ffl vop:257 




v •* •* •* J J •* 





-(•English 03 ahd 



Philadelphia 

Philip 

philharmonic 



W 



Greek 03 ahd; kln 



SUS-philoS: friend of swine (shepherd's name) ** Su 2 



I, 



i f-Latin 



French ffl AHD:1306; KLN:1561 



Syphilis : name of a shepherd in a poem by a 
physician (1530) who was the victim of a disease 
that was later named after his poem hero, Syphilis. 



^ 



W 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd; kln 



philo-anthopOS : fond of people 

^NeM 
philo-logOS : fond of reasoning 



I Latin 



French 



Persian 03 mon 



FTIadelffya UJi>Li 



Persian UJ mon 



SlTlllS jWJU* 1 

seTMs ^*-JjUj 



English 03 ahd 
syphilis 



English 



philanthropy 
philology 



Bhilo 



Bhlei 



Bhleu 



Bhleu 



Bho 



see root: Bhili 

see root: Bhel 

see root: Bhel 

see root: Bhel 

see root: Bhe 



Bhoi Bhru 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:161 
Bhdi: to fear 



"~X 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:161,162 ► 



bay : fear 

bhayaka : fear 



Persian 03 POK:162; HRN:39,59; BQT:340 



bim : fear 
bak : fear 



A 



^ 



Sanskrit 03aef:320 



bhay : to fear 
bhl-ma : dreadful 



h 


Persian ffl mon:633 


' 




bimeh : insurance *U-0 
IEC:723,1562 links this word to root "Weid, Woid: to see" 



Bhombhos 



see root: Bamb 



Indo-European 03 IEC:98 



A 



Bhou, Bheu: 



joy, satisfaction 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:98 



bhavita: wett arranged 



Persian 03 IEC:98; MON:607 



buyeh : desire, hope <Uy , ' ^y 

Hafez Jj,| j\j jL^J y j> i 4X)I LSj-rf 



Bhra-tar 



Bhra-ter 



Bhra-ter 



Bhreg 



Bhrei 



Bhreu 



see root: Bher 1 

see root: Bher 1 

see root: Ter3 

see root: Bhereg 

see root: Bher 3 

see root: Bher 5 



Indo-European 03 pok:172 



~X 



DlirU 1 : eyebrow, beam, It 






Avestan 

03pok 



brvat : brow 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:80 



bruk 



Persian 03 POK:172; BQT:80; FSF:81 



abru, bOfU : eyebrow .J, j J 



Germanic 03 ahd 



brUS : eyebrc 



English 



brow, eyebrow 



Germanic 03 ahd 



brugjO : wooden bridge 



English 



bridge 



Bhru 2 Bhun 



Bhru 2 



Bhu 



Bhudh 



see root: Bher5 
see root : Beu 1 
see root: Bhun 



Indo-European 03 pok:174 



D n U C| O : male animal of various kinds 






Avestan 03 POK:174; AEF:272 



buza, blJZa : buck, goat 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:271; AEF:272 



buc, blJZ : goat 



Persian 



boz : goat 



» 



Germanic 03 ahd 



bukkaz : male animal 



English 



buck 



Celtic 03 ahd 



bukkos : male goat 



English 



butcher 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:174; ieC:124 



Bhun, Bhudh 



: base, bottom 



Avestan 03 pok:174 



bCinO, buna: base 



w 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:304; AEF:288 



bun : base 
bun-dat : foundation 



^ 

L 
^ 



Old English 03 KLN:189; AHD:1510 



botm : lowest part 



Latin 03 ahd 



fundus : bottom 



^\ 



Persian ffl BQT:304; BRT:968; NYB:50; AEF:288,290 



DOn 1 : base, foundation, house 
DOneh : house, nest, shelter 
bonyad : foundation, establishment 






*Cj )\ ^)UO SJ» y )\y y <0 - AX^y SJ» *M I ) f yw*z% 



English 



bottom 



English 



foundation, fundamental, profound 



Bistak B.k.r 



Pahlavi 03 unv:78 



~X 



DlStdK : pistachio 



W 



Persian ffl PLA:210; AHD:998 



pesteh : pistachio, figuratively used to mean (smiling) lips <C**j 

Hafez J>U jL£y>L> <C_**J /J-jS-Js (jJ)J3 ^L> - C-iSi Jty$)£ V 1 U /jA^ ^ j-jS jl ^>y 



W 



Greek 03 AHD:998; PLA:210; SKT:394; KLN:1190 



pistake, pistakion 

MON:2545 claims these Greek words were borrowed from Arabic. 



W 



Latin 03ahd:998 



pistacia, pistacium 



Italian 03 kln:1190 



pistacchio 



English 03ahd:998 



pistachio 



^ I Arabic 03 pla:2 



fustug, fostoq : p/sfach/o 

MON:2545 claims this word is taken 
from Aramaic and then passed to Greek. 



Persian 03 mon:2545 



fostog : pistachio ( Jil»i ) 'Z^j 

dww J»yi V*_w >Sls y t PUS oLa 



Ahmad Ebn Mohammad 



^►l French B3ahd:535 



^ 



English 03 ahd:535 



fustic, fistic 



Arabic 03 kln:44 



A 



D . K. r : he rose up early 



W 



Arabic 03 kln:44 



blkr : early, fresh, young, virgin 
al-bakrah : the young camel 



h 


Persian ffl fva:51 


' 




bekf : fresh, young, new, virgin ( O )\X> ) jX) 
ebtekar : ingenuity, fresh idea ( Sz^fi ) jKl)l 



^ 



Spanish 03 AHD:29; KLN:44 



al-baCOfa : "the young camel", referring to a large fish 



English 03 AHD:29; KLN:44 



albaCOre : a large fish 



B.n.v | Boqca 



W 



Semitic 03 KLN:163; FVA:53 



~x 



B.n.v: 



son, child 



Arabic 

03 KLN:163; FVA:53 



b.n.v -.child 

ibn : son 
bent : daughtei 



h 


Persian ffl MON5:85,285; FVA:53; FSD:197 


' 




ebn : son 




w' 




bent : daughter 




C-vO 




bani : sons, children ( ^UU Jo 


P 


^i>^i 




Ebne-STna : Avicena. A Khwarazmian scholar (980-1037) 




U»MiW ' J I 




Avicena's book, "Canon of Medicine", was the first guide to medical 








studies in Europe from 12th to 17th century. He published his books 








in Arabic and was, therefore, often mistaken as an Arab scholar. 







^ 



English 03 fsd:197 



Avicena, Avicenism 



W 



Hebrew 03 kln:163, 164 



ben : son 

Ben-yamTn : son of the right 

(prosperous) hand^^Y.m.n 
ReU-bhen : behold a son 



Persian 



BenyamTn : Benjamin yjoLx> 

Hadrqat-ol-Haqrqat 



^ 



^ 



English 03 KLN:163; ahd 



Benjamin, Ben, Big Ben, Reuben 



Turkish 03 mon:551 



A 



BoqCci, SUC\CB:a large napkin, 
linen for wrapping clothes in it 



V* 



Persian 03 mon:551,555 


boqceh : bundle, pack 


( 4ije^> 





w 



^ 



Arabic 

03 PLA:53; LAM:37 



bouqceh : bundle 



French 03 TAD:12; LAM:37 



bagage : 



English 

03 AHD:99; SKT:35; LAM:37 



baggage 



70 



B.r.k | B.r.q 



Semitic 03 FVQ:75 



~X 



D . T. K : originally "to kneel" used of the camel. 
Eventually the root developed the sense of "to bless". 






Arabic 03 KLN:164; FVQ:75 



b.r.k : to bless 
barakat : blessing 



Akkadian 03 KLN:164; AHD:579 



karabll : to bless (letters are Interchanged) 



Persian UJ fva:45 



barekat : blessing c« S" J 



Hebrew 03 kln:164, 274 



berakah : blessing 
kerubh : a winged 
angel (consonants 
R & B are reversed) 



Arabic 

03 MON:2958 



karubiyy : a winged 
angel 



Persian UJ mon:2958 



karrubT:ange/ ({)y$>,3y <d^$>,3j>) l^Ss 



English 03ahd:231 



cherub : a winged angel (of love) 



W 



^ 



Greek 03 AHD:579; KLN:680 



gruphos, grups:£ 

eagle-headed lion 



Latin 

03 AHD:579 



gryphus 



Old French 

03 KLN:680 



grifion 



English 

03 AHD:579 



griffin 






Semitic 03 kln:514 



~X 



D.T.C| : to shine 



Arabic 03 kln:514 



b.r.q: to shine 



Akkadian 03 kln:514 



baraqtU : lightning 



Persian 03 FVA:45; SOR:35 



barq : lightning, electricity 

L3 p y» jl c^jjil JS\ ^ . j^ « 

Ferdowsf 






Greek 03 kln:514 



SmaraldoS : a shiny stone, emerald 



Wl 



W 



Arabic 03 mon:1746 



Persian UJ MON:1746; KLN:514 



ZOmorrod : emerald 



•>>j 



ci-wjI y** s^ <mj\ ) -^Vm &y*fo *wl jib 



Latin 03 kln:514 



smaragdus 



English 03 ahd:427 



Smaragdite : a green mineral 



W 



Old French 03 kln:514 



esmeralde 



English 03 ahd:427 



emerald 






Sanskrit 03 SKT:163; KLN:514 



marakata : emerald 



71 



Bu | B.w.s 

Indo-European 03 pok:103; syn:1113 



~X 



D U : lip, kiss 
Kissing, as an expression of affection, is unknown 
among many races. There is no conclusive evidence 
that kissing was known in the Indo-European times. 



Persian UJ pok:103 



bus : kiss ( ^.U^U ) ^U 

Ferdowsf ^yi JiO /wja} i-j^w JL^i <0 - ^3 jlX^ (jy% C-i6 r j Ajd r j 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kusjan : to kiss 



English 03 ahd 



buSS : to kiss loudly 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:256 
DUn3l : naked, uncovered 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 ISS:256 



magna : naked 
See "Nogw: naked" for 
another possible root 



Pahlavi 03 ISS:256 



brahnak : naked 



Persian 03 ISS:256; MON:517 



berehneh : naked <UAj 

See "Nogw: naked" for another possible root. 



Sogdian 03 ISS:256 



bgn'k, bgny: naked 



Buqca 



see root. 



Boqca 



Aramaic 03 tad:12; kln:144 



A 



Busma, Besmapef 



W 



Hebrew ffl kln:144 



basam : spice, balsam plant 



I, 



(•Greek 03 kln:144 



balsamon : balsam 
plant 



Arabic 

03 TAD:12; MON:567 



basam : perfume 
balsam : balsam plant 



^ 



Latin 03 kln:143 



balsamun : balsam 



Persian 


03 MON:540,567 




balsam 
basam : 


any resinous plant 
seed of a balsam plant 


fLL> 




English 


03 KLN:143 




balsam 


balsamine, balm, 


embalm 



B.w.s 



see root: B.y.z 



72 



Semitic ffl kln:167 



D.y.t: house 



w 



W 



Arabic 03 kln:167 



D.y.t : house 
bayt : house 



^ 



Hebrew 03 KLN:167; FSD:266 



baith : house 

Beth-el : the house of God^*" Layh 

Beth-lexem : house of food 



B.y.t | B.y.z 



~x 



Persian 03 FVA:55; MON:618 



bayt : house, room, a line of poem C-wO 



English 03ahd:127 



Bethel, Beth 
Bethlehem 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:262 
ByUrrU : ten thousand 



W 






Avestan 

03 ISS:262; AEF:324 



baevar, baevare: 

ten thousand 



Sogdian 03 ISS:262 



brywr : ten thousand 



Armenian 03 ISS:262 



biur : ten thousand 



Pahlavi 03aef:324 



bevar : ten thousand 
bevar-asp : (with) ten 

thousand horses 

** Ekwos 



► — 


Persian 03 MON:635; FSF:98 




bl Var : ten thousand j^j 




BTvarasp : "with 10,000 horses" \ M »\jyj 




jLi ^jjljifr) jl jj-jIsO 




Ferdowst j\y> ai (Jji ^\jj jj ijj 



^ 



Semitic 03 kln:215 



B.y.Z, B.W.S:tobe white 
AHD:183 ultimately derives this 
from Egyptian "W.z:linen". 



Arabic 03 kln:215 



b.y.Z : to be white 
bayzeh : egg (so 

called for its color) 



Persian UJ fva:56 


batzeh : egg 














*Ww 


bayZI : ellipse 
bayyaz : whiteness 
















bayza : white, the shining 


hand of Moses 












Uk) 


Vahsht i_JJs lioj 6±li 


yXi ~*w5 y&J> - 


JJ^3 


<J^ 


/> 


dip 


l^ 


C-J<Jjj& XfyJu 



^ 

^ 


Hebrew 

03 AHD:183; KLN:215 


*~ 


Greek 03 kln:215 


buSSOS 1 : linen 


blitz, blJZ : white linen 









Latin 



English 03ahd:183 



bySSUS : white cloth 
used to wrap mummies 



73 



C'a Cartes 



c 



Chinese 03 KLN:1578; SHP:126 



C'3: 



v* 



^ 



Chinese 

03 KLN:1578; SHP:126 



t'a : tea 

{South Chinese accent) 



The letter 'C did not appear in early 
alphabets. The 'C' or 'CH' sounds 
like 'K' in Greek. The 'CH' sound 
(as in church) is a relatively 
recent change. 



A 



Persian UJ MON:1270; SHP:126 



Cay : tea 



LiW 



Malaysian 



teh 



Dutch 



thee 



English 03 AHD:1320; KLN:1578 



tea 



Cairya 



see root: Cirya 



W 



Indo-European 03 0EW:51 

Car, Char ■. idia chat 



Italian 03 FSD:452; AHD:227 



CerretO : a village In Italy famous 

for Its idle chatters (quacks) 
CerretanO : from Cerreto, idle chatter 
CiarlatanO : one who claims to have 

knowledge that he does not have 



French 
03 AHD:227 



charlatan 



L 



W 



^ 



French 03 ahd:228 



charra : to chat 

charrauO : a game of phrases and words 



Persian 03 V0P:234 



carlatan : a i 



,W,U 



j person who W ^J 

claims skills he does not have 



English 03 ahd:227 



charlatan 



English 03ahd:228 
charades 



Greek 03 AHD:203; KLN:239; PRT:79 



"~X 



Cartes, Xartes -.leaf of papyrus 

Probably from an Egyptian origin 



^ 



W 



^ 



Arabic 

03 TAD:55; VDQ:342 



qertas : paper 



Persian UJ mon:2659 



qertas : paper 



Ferdowsf 



er i^UP & 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:239 



Carta, Charta : papyrus leaf 



French 03 kln:239 



carte 



Persian 03 mon:2801 



kart: 



< oyj^" ) °j^ 



Ojt 



English 03 ahd; kln 



card, carton, cartoon, cartridge, chart 



74 



Carya | CTrag 



Carya 



Cexara 



Char 



see root: Cirya 
see root: CTxa 
see root: Car 



Chinese 03 KLN:1479; AHD:1237 



Chiang-yU : soybean oil 
Entered Japanese as "shoyu" 



W 



Dutch ffl KLN:1479 



SOja : soybean 
OXF:406 claims this word 
entered Dutch through 
Japanese "shoyu". 



► French 



h 


Persian 03 V0P:224 
SOya : soya [>y„ 





^ 



English 03 OXF:406 



soya, soy 



Chinese 03 SIN:565 



A 



Chou-shu, Shu-shu 7s e ; 



^-» | Mongolian 03 SIN:565 



^ 



Persian UJ MON:2089; BQT:1309 



SOSO, SUSU: millet 



y&y*' 



Suzanf ykyk^ f vLxJ3 J^Xi GjUa£ *_&U - >**&£ ^'-^U j>J J*)*f*J>> & iSp" 



gm" and "baxsom" are juices or wines extracted from seeds 



Pahlavi ffl pla:157 



A 



CTrag : lamp 



Persian ffl bqt:626 



Cerag : lamp, light, illumination, guiding light C \ j? 

Hafez -Jwwm5 Oy*> i_xS j> 2\ y? _ *--wwp jl <0 i-wU Xw o >J 4^3 j-^ 



W 



Arabic ffl pla:157 



esraCj : illumination, intuition 
Sarq : east (where sun rises) 
PLA suggests this as a possible 
derivation but is not certain. 



W 



Arabic 03ahd:1152 



Sarqiyin:easferners 

t^ 



h 


Persian 03fva:211 


' 




eSfag : illumination, intuition (Jj| Ji^ul <Jj Ajj) Jj| Jul 
Sarq : easf (when sun rises) ( (jjjilw < t$j&J> ) &j& 

Hafez JjJ jj<u")l j!ji> JL ^jW *l)j 



Greek 

03 AHD:1152 



Sarakenos 



Latin 

03 AHD:1152 



Saracenus 



Old French 

03 AHD:1152 



Saracin 



English 

03 AHD:1152; KLN:1383 



Saracen : an Arab 



^-» | Aramaic 03 pla:157 
^ 



Arabic 03 PLA:157; FVQ:166; SDQ:72 



Siraj:/amp 



h 


Persian ffl fva:188 


' 




Seraj : lamp m I **> 



75 



Cirya | Cixa 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 brt:598; bqt:676; syn:1150 



~X 



Cirya, Cirya, Cairya, Carya : ^e, 



quick 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:676 



Cer, CerTh : strong, brave, 
quick, dominating 



^ 



Persian 03 BRT:598; BQT:676 



Cir : dominating, victorious ( J) ^^ t o ^^ ) ^^ 



Vfs-o-Ramfn 



Cirya 



see root: Cirya 



Sanskrit 03 hrn:16 



A 



CTxa, Cixa, Cexara -.point, 

tip, any pointed thing, skewer 



v. 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:1203; HRN:168; FVF:383 


' 




SIX : skewer ( lSJoXmw ) fcrf 



^ 



w 



■Turkish 03 TAD:38; BQT:1203; MON:2112 



SIS : skewer 

Sisllk : meat roasted on a skewer 

SIS-Kabob : meat roasted on a skewer 



Persian 03mon:2112 



sis ITk 
siskabab 



SJj^ 



u 



English 03ahd:1196 



shish kebab : pieces of seasoned meat roasted and served on skewers 



Cixa 



see root: CTxa 



Cop | Crgala 



Old Persian 03 hrn:99 



~X 



OOp : stick, wood 
Cop-gan : a long s 



^►|| Persian UJ t 



CUb : wood, stick 

COWgan : club, polo 

Hafez JJJJ ^0 y? C-^IS V 0' )' lA^ " Oj S r^Y "^ 3 J— ^ 0' V?" ^' 






W I Turkish 03 lkt:35 



CLib : wood, sfck 

CUblJC], CnlbuC| : smoking pipe (made from a wooden stem) 

Derivation of the Turkish word from Persian is not clear. 



Persian 03 ark:21 1 



COpoq : smoking pipe 



li?? 



French 03 web:312 



^ I Greek 03 skt:87 



chibouque -.pipe 



English 03 kln:275 



chibouk: 



tobacco pipe 



^ 



French 03 web:312 



chicaner : to wrangle or dispute in a game 



English 03 web:312 



chicane : trick 

Chicanery : cheating 



Cop-gan 



Crgala 



I 



see root: Cop 
see root: Srgala 



77 



Da 1 I Da 1 



D 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:175 



Da 1, Dai, D\ -.to divide, 



cut in pieces 



Sanskrit 03 POK:175; BQT:904 



datra : sickle 

dhara: sword Wade 






Pahlavi 03 bqt:813 



das: 






Germanic 03 ahd 



timo : a period (piece) of time, time 
tldlZ : tide, used as a measure of time 



Greek 03 ahd 



demOS : a division of society 
demOS-keratOS : people's government 1 ^ Kar 1 
daimon : provider of shares, divinity 
epi-demOS : (illness) among people 1 ^ Epi 



W 



Indo-European 03 IEC:129; ahd:1511 



A 



Persian 03 POK:175; BQT:333,813 



das : sickle 

bT-daS-tar : beaver. An animal that 
cuts trees "without sickles". Apo 






Persian LLI bqt:904 



dahreh : a sickle shaped weapon 



•/■> 



English 03 ahd 



time, tide 



French 



democratie 



I 



Persian 03 mon:1561 



ol/yO ' uf'/y 



English 03ahd:351 



democracy 



English 03 ahd 



demography, demon, epidemic 



Dabh, Dabh, Dabhll, Dap : apportion, share, 
one's turn or strike in battle, hurt, harm 



r 



Avestan 03 IEC:129 



daivis : deceit 



Persian UJ IEC:129; MON:1492 



daV : one's turn or strike in a game ( *0 9O ) 9O 

daV-talab : one who seeks his turn, volunteer u-JJpqO 



W 



^ 



Latin 03ahd;1511 



damnum : damage, harm (from a strike) 



English 03 ahd 



damn, damage, condemn, indemnify 



Da 2 | Dayanu 



Indo-European 03 pok:175 

Del 2 : to flow 
DanU: river 



^\ 



y> 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:175; irn:123 



danU : river, water 

nav-dan : water river (path), gutter'^' See Na 1 

danuva : to flow 

DanaVO : Danube river 



h 


Persian LLI irn:123 


' 




navdan : gutter ^b^b 



w 



Greek 03 POK:175; IRN:123; MON5:772 



DanaO : Danube 

This word apparently entered European 
languages through Scythians {7th century B.C.) 
or Iranian immigrants in Greece. 



French 



Danube 



Persian 03 M0N5:516 



vy' - 



^ 



English 03 fsd:652 



Danube 

AHD derives this through Latin "Danuvius" 



Dabh 



Dabh 



Dabhar 



Dabhn 



Dai 



Dakru 



Danu 



Dap 



see root : Da 1 

see root : Da 1 

see root: D.b.r 

see root : Da 1 

see root : Da 1 

see root: Akru 

see root: Da 2 

see root: Da 1 



Semitic 



~X 



UdCjdl : fruit of palm tree, date 



W 



W 
^ 



Arabic 03 KLN:403; SAP:471 



daCjal : inferior date palm 



Greek 03 kln:403 



daktulus : date 



Latin 03ahd:337 



dactylus : date 



French 



datte 



Persian 03 mon:1543 


daqal : date A$} 








English 






date 1 -.fruit 



Dayanu 



see root: DTnu 



D.b.r De 2 



Semitic 03 kln:406 



D.b.r-.tobuzz 

Dibber: he spoke 

Dabhar: word 






Arabic 03 kln:406 



dabbur, zunbur:oee 

Z.b.n:dee 



Hebrew 03 kln:406 



Debhorah, Davora:cee, 

name of a prophetess in Bible 



~~\ 



Persian 03 fva:180 



zanbur:oee 



jyl>j 



English 03 ahd:340 



Deborah, Debbie 



Indo-European 03 pok:183 
De 1 : to bind, tie 






Sanskrit 03 pok:183 



daman : bind, trap 



Greek 03 pok:183 



Persian 03 bqt:817 



dam : trap 



dein : to bind 

dia-dein, dia-dema : a headband tied on two sides ** Dwo 



W 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:363 



diadema: 



Persian 03 BQT:921; MON:1603 



dayhim : c 



(•eK-* 



English 03 kln:440 



diadem : crown, royal headband 



Indo-European 03 pok:181 



Ue £, UO 1 : demonstrative s 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:182 



ka-da, ka-tha: when cr kwo 



Avestan 03 POK:183; KLN:1622 



yeth : at present 
yathat : from where 
dim : him, her, he, she 
dit: it 
-da 5 : toward, to 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 
t6: to 



~X 



Persian 03 BQT:1748; HRN:96 



kay 1 : when 



J 



English 
to, too 



80 



Dei Dei 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:183; ahd 



~X 



Dei, Deiw, Dyeu, Dye : to shine .used to 

describe bright days and heavenly spirits 



Avestan 

03 POK:185; AHD:1511; BQT:917; SNB:126 



daev, daeVOh : the meaning, originally, 
was God but later, when Zoroaster 
introduced Ahuramazda, old gods were 
considered as demons. 



Persian UJ hrn:133 



ClTv : demon 
divaneh : mad 






Sanskrit 

03 POK:183; AHD 



dT, dtp : to shine 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:908; SNS:313 



depak, debag : a colorful 

type of cloth 
BQT is not certain about 
this derivation. 



Persian 


03 


BQT:908 






diba : a 


colorful cloth 


( r Lo 


i *UO ) LO 






ru <OUij_i <j jUjO «_X_S jJi 


Ferdowsf 




£ b 3 


cux> 3 <u.p 


3 .// d^> 


See root 


Zay" 


for another 


possible derivation. 



w 



Latin 03 ahd 



deUS : God 

dies : day 

jOVis, Julius : from Jupiter 



French 03 ah D: 707 



journal -.daily paper 



I 



Persian 03 mon:1778 



zornal 



« 



English 03 ahd:707 



journal 



English 03 ahd 



deity, divine, dial, diary, journey, Jupiter, July, Julian, Julius 






Germanic 03 ahd 



tiwaZ: god of sky 



English 



Tuesday 



Greek 03 ahd 



ZeUS : ruler of the heavens 



English 03 ahd 



Zeus 



81 



Deik Deiw 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:18 



~X 



Deik: 



Avestan 03 pok:18 



daes : to show, 
demonstrate 



Persian 03 HUB:65; BQT:912 



ClTs , QIZ : color, appearance, resemblance 



ji? - < ^ ■ 









Germanic 03 ahd 



taikjan : to show 



English 



teach, token, toe 



Latin 03 ahd 



digitus : pointer, finger 
dTcere : to say, dictate 
index : indicator 
judex : one who indicates 



French 



Persian 03 mon 



dikteh 
diktator 






^ 



English 



digit, dictate, index, judge 



W 



Greek 03 ahd 



dikein : to direct an object, throw 



French 03 kln:459 



h 


Persian ffl mon 





^ 



English 03 KLN:433,459 



disc, desk, discuss 



Deiw 



see root. 



Dei 



Dek Dek 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:189 



~X 



UGK: take, accept, understand 



Avestan 03 POK:189; WLD1:784; SYN:1227 



daXS 1 : make things understandable, teach 
f ra-daXS-tar : teacher®" Par 1 , Tar 3 
daXSta : knowledge, tool 



Latin 03ahd 



docere : to make things clear, teach (doctor, document) 
decere : to be acceptable (decent) 
dlSCere : to learn (disciple, discipline) 
deCUS : grace (decorate) 
dignUS : worth taking (dignity) 



Persian 03 POK:189; BRT:667 


BQT:827 


daXS 1 : trade, occupation 


S j±> 






French 


I 




Persian 03 mon 




doktor : doctor 
dekor : decoration 





^ 



English 



doctor, document, decent, disciple, discipline, decorate, dignity 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



dokein : make things 
clear, think 



French 03 mon:193 



orthodoxe 



Persian 03 mon:193 



OrtodoX : with correct thoughts 



tT^yj' 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



heterodox, orthodox, paradox 



W 



^ 



Indo-European ffl pok:190; ahd:1511 
UGKS : right, on the right side 



W 



W 



Avestan 
03 POK:190 



dasina : right 



Pahlavi 

03SNS:316 



dasn : right 



Persian 03 SNS:316; BQT:866 



dasn : right side, also the first (daily) sales 
dast : the first sales of a business in a day 






Latin 03 pok:190; ahd 



dexter : on the right 



English 03 ahd 



dexter, dextro- 



83 



Dekm Dekm 



W 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:191 

Dekm : ten 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:191;GPL:41 



dasa : ten 

aeva-dasa : eleven cr \ 2 



tri-dasa : thirteen ®"Trei 
XSyaS-dasa: sixteen ; ^Swsks 
nava-dasa : nineteen ^Nswn 



Pahlavi 03 bqt 



dah : ten 
yacdah : eleven 
Slkdah : thirteen 
Sancdah : s/xteen 
navasdah : nineteen 



Persian 03 


BQT 


dah 
yazdah 




sTzdah 
sanzdah 




nuzdah 


oijy 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 GPL41; pok:191 



Saiti 1 , Sat : a suffix meaning ten 
Vi-Saiti:(wen(y®"wi 
thri-Sat -.thirty ®"Trei 
Catvare-Sat : forty cr Kwstwsr 
panca-Sat : My®" Psnkws 



Persian 03gpl:41;BQT 



°WH< (M< j- 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 GPL41; pok:191 



-iti, -ti : a suffix meaning ten 
XSVaS-ti : s/x(y®"Sw8ks 
hapta-iti : seventy^ Septm 
asta-iti:e/ghfy®"Okto 
nava-iti : ninety^ Nswn 



Persian 03 GPL41 



•^ *■) i ^WW& t ^X*JJb t '1' yjft 



^ 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



tehun, tehan: 



English 



ten, teen 



Latin 03 AHD:352; POK:191 



decern, den: fen 

decimUS : tenth 
duo-decem : twelve ®"Dwo 



French 03 ahd 



deca : ten 
deci : tenth 
douzaine : dozen 



Persian 03 MON:1572; VOP:167 



deka- 
desT- 
dojin 






\* 



English 



deci-, decimal, dime, December, dozen 



^ 



Latin 03aHD:352; 



den-arillS : a silver coin 
worth ten bronze "asses". 



W 



Greek 03ahd:370 



denarion 



Pahlavi 


03 BQT:916 


denar : an old 

monetary unit 




Arabic 


03 AHD:370 


dinar 



Persian UJ bqt:916 



dinar : an old monetary unit 



j 



lio 



English 03 AHD:370; KLN:450 

Dinar 



v* 

^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



deka: 



English 



deca-, decade 



Dekm Deks 



Indo-European 03 pok:191 

Dekm : ten 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



Indo-European 03 ahd 



Dkm-tom, Kmtom: 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 pok:191, 192 



Sata, Satam : hundred 

dve-sate, duye-saite : two hundred®" dwo 



w 



Sogdian 03 S0D:147 



dwyst : two hundred 



Persian 03 bqt 



Sad : hundred X& 

deVISt : two hundred C-wU O 



Greek 03 ahd 



hektaton : hundred 



French 



hectare : a unit of area®"* 



Persian 03 mon:5159 



hectar : hecfare M$Jt, 



^ 



English 03ahd:609 



hectare 



V* 



English 



hectO- : hundred 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hundan : hundred 



English 



hundred 



Latin 03 ahd 



centum, centenarium : hundred 

per-Centum : by hundred 



French 



Persian 03 mon:1810 



santimetr JUJjL 
pursantaz jhjLjy 



English 03 ahd 



centimeter 



V k 



W 



Greek 03vdQ:352 



kentmnarion : of a hundred 



English 



cent, century, percent, centenary, centennial 



Wl 



Aramaic 03 VDQ:352 



W 



Arabic ffl mon:2734 



qentar : a unit (100 dinars) for measuring large amounts of jewelry. 



^ 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:2734 



qentar : a measure or container of valuables ( «JpU^) j tU^ft 



Deks 



see root. 



Dek 



Del Dem 



Indo-European 03 pok:197; knt:190 

Del, Dlgho: ,u 



~X 



V 



Avestan 03 POK:197; BQT:829; SNS:324 



daraga, daraga, drajah : long 

drang : hesitation 



Sanskrit 03 SNS:182 



dirga : late 



Persian 03 POK:197; BQT:829,841; SNS:182 



deraz : long 

dir : late 

derang : length of time, hesitation 






Old Persian 03 knt:190 



darga : long 



Germanic 03 ahd 



langaz : long 



English 



long, belong, along 



Latin 03 ahd 



longUS : long 



English 



oblong, prolong, longitude 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:198 

Dem, Domu:/( se 



~X 



Avestan 03 POK:199; KNT:302 



demana, nmana, man 3: house 

garo-demana : prayer house, 
sky ^Gwsr 2 



I 



Pahlavi 03 


BQT:894,1949 


man : house 




dutak-man 


: smoke house. 


Family members who sit 


around a fire^^ Dheu 2 



Persian 03 SNS:239 


man : house 
dCidman : family 










fc 


Persian 03 bqt:1793 


' 




garzman : sky 


d^jj 



w 
w 



Old Persian 03 knt:202 



mana 2 : house 

manya : domestic, house servant 



Latin 03 ahd 



dominUS : lord of the house 
domina : lady of the house 



French 03 ahd:782 



ma-dame : my lady 



L 



h 


Persian ffl mon:3681 


' 




madam M^U 



w 



V* 



Italian 03 OEW:58 



don : lord 

donna, ma-donna: lady.mylady 



English 03 ahd:782 



Madame 



English 03 OEW:58 



Madonna 



English 03 ahd 



dome, domestic, domain, dominate, condominium, danger, dungeon 



^► [Germanic 
^ 



English 03 ahd 
timber 



Dema Denu 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:199; kln:442 



~X 



Dema: 



to tame and domesticate animals 



Avestan 03 bqt:817 



daman 1 : domestic 
animals 



Persian 03 KLN:1569; POK:199; BQT:817 



dam : domestic animals ' A} 



^ 



Greek 03ahd 



daman : to tame, conquer 
a-damaS : unconquerable, hard stone 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:159; MON:342 



almas : hards 



Persian 



almas : diamond 



■J* 



U 



w 



Latin 03 AHD:364; KLN:442 



adamas, diamas: hard stone 



English 



diamond 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



tamaz : tame 



English 



tame 



Indo-European 03 pok:201 

Denk:to(j/te 



~X 






Avestan 

03 POK:201; BQT:884; SYN:138 



danta : tooth 

daitika : wild (biting) animals 



Sogdian 03 S0D:145 



dt : wild (biting) animal 



Persian 03 BQT:884; BRT:653; HRN:120 



dandan : tooth 
dandeh : rib 

dad : wild animal 



ijji 

ii 



f^afiJ-^afiar^ge* 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



tangUS : tongs 
tanhuz : holding tight 
teng : spiky 



English 



tongs 
tough 
zinc 



Denu 



see root: DTnu 



Deph | Deph 



Indo-European 03 pok:203 
Deph : to stamp 



V. 



I -Greek B3ahd 



diphtera : prepared hide, 

leather used to write on 
BQT:870 indicates that this word may 
have been derived from Sumerian "Dub". 



V 



Arabic 

03 HJB:329; KLN:487 



daftar : record, 
record book 



French 03 kln:452 



Cliphterie : membrane, a lung disease 



I 



V 



^ 



Latin B3ahd 



Ntera : the text written on animal skin, letter 



^\ 



Persian 03 bqt:869 



daftar : record book 



jSii 



Hafez 



> y£$ jJi JL&£ tj* jJi <6 



h 


Persian 03 mon:1593 
dlfterf : diphtheria tjjjj} 





English 03 ahd 



diphtheria 



English 



letter, literature 



Der 1 Der 1 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:206; ieC:165 



~X 



Der 1, Dero, Drtis, Drtos 



to split, to tear 



Avestan 

03 POK:206; SYN:565 



dar 1 , dareta : to spin 

nTs-dar : a sharp tool 
for tearing ^^ Neks 



Pahlavi 


03 SYN:565 


daritan 


to tear 


dart : pain 


nes-tar 


a sharp, 


pointed tool^^ Neks 



Persian 


03 BQT:848; 


POK:206; SYN:565 




daridan : to tear iP'-'J'* 
dard : pain i ji 
nisdar : a tool for cutting ( jl&J ) j jjij 

Attar £-*jJj JjU ^ J-^/* ^V 



Avestan 03 pok:208 



dereta : cuts, harvests 
deretO : cut, mown 



Persian 03 POK:208; HRN:124 



dero : harvest e, p 

dorudan : to harvest iP.3 J"* 

Sa'df L^jJi /J^ibftj*- Cm yxi -{£y*£v-^ Ay fu*U y* 



Persian UJ I EC: 165 



QUI : animal skin used for carrying water lJ9^ 

MON & BQT derive this word from Arabic 



V 



Avestan 03 pok:206 



darena : a cut in earth, 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:845; HUB:62; HRN:124 


' 




darreh : vaiiey op 



Indo-European 03 pok:211; ieC:159 



Drep, Drop, Drap, DrapSeS : a piece of cloth, banner 



w 



Avestan 

03 SYN:396; POK:211; IEC:159 



drafsa, drafso : banner 



Persian 03 BQT:838; HRN:123 



derafS : /banner Y ii ,,> 



^ ,'jLii 



jMji ^Uap j ^U-> ^U>ji 



W 



Latin 03 AHD; IEC:159 



drappus : c/ofn 



English 



drape 






Germanic 03 ahd 



teran : to tear 



English 



tear 2 : to pull apart 



Greek 03 ahd 



der-ma : skin 



English 



derma, -derm, derma : related to skin 

pachyderm : thick-skinned an/ma/s^*" Bhengh 



Der 2 Dero 



Indo-European 03 pok:205 



Der 2 , Deru 2 






Avestan 03 pok:205 



draonah : travel goods 



Germanic 03 ahd 



tred : to step 



Greek 03 ahd 



dromOS : a course, path 



~~\ 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:274; BQT:844 ? 


' 




darun : a Zoroastrian prayer ' A« O 



English 



tread, trade, trap, trip 



English 



-drome, syndrome 



Indo-European 03 pok:218 



Derk: 



W 



Greek 

03 KLN:480,1574 



drakoon : a serpent 
with devil eyes 



v* 



Arabic 03 KLN:1554; TAD:49 



tarXUn : an aromatic bushy plant 



Greek 

03 KLN:1574 



tarxun 



Latin 



Persian 03 mon 



tarXUn : tarragon 



o*v 



English 



tarragon : an aromatic herb 



^ 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:480 



dracu, dracunem : dragon 



French 



English 



dragon 



Dero 



see root: Der 1 



90 



Deru 1 Deru 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:214 



~X 



Deru 1 



: wood, tree, to be firm 



Avestan ffl POK:214; KLN:1644; SNS:318; ETM:65 



dm, dauru, derezda, draxta:free, wood 

darug : medicine from plants 



^ 



Persian 03 BQT:809,843; HRN:116; FVF:256 


ETM:65; FSF:177 




dorud 1 : wood 










dorudgar, dorga: 


wood worker, carpenter 






$>il> 


dar 2 : wood 








r > 


darkub : woodpecker 








u->y jO 


deraxt : tree 








<zSj^ 


darU : medicine 






( <Gl> 5 jl 


> ) 3p 


Ferdowsf -^)5^ 


d\y Vj? j'j'j-** - 


-^JJ ' 


o'r\.P 


X> iy/J 


See "Dher 1" for another possible root of "daru:medicine" 







w 



Persian ffl fvf:256 



dariyeh : a wood frame, a tambourine with wood rim 



«*;'■ 



W 



Arabic 

03 FVF:256 



daf : tambourine 



Persian ffl bqt:869 


daf : tambourine 


35 


Sandaf : domestic tambourine ^Gwhen 1 


wJJwM« 


See "Dup" for another possible root 





V 



Avestan 03 POK:214; ETM:65 



drva : healthy, sound 

Upa-draVB : to good health, good-bye *" U po 

drva-asti : healthy body 

drUW-ista : healthiest^ Isto 



Persian UJ POK:214,216; BQT:840,842,843 



dorud 2: 

bedriid : goodbye 
dorOSt : healthy, right 






V 



Old Persian 03 knt:190 



dam : wood 

asa-daru : stone wood, hard wood, ebony ^°Ak 



Sanskrit 03 pok:214 



dfUna : made of wood 



Greek 03 IEC:161 



driJS : oak 
en-drUOn : yoke peg 



Persian 03 BQT:854; HRN:124; FRS:217 



daruneh : bow, rainbow e ^3J- > 

Kasar ^ijjitjjj} ^y> 3 ~*ZJ& 'jy _ J_Xu oO ,U_ > ^3— > 3 1— *> 



Germanic 03 ahd 



English 



tree, true, tray, truth, trust, trim 



Latin 03 ahd 



durUS : hard, long lasting 



English 



duration 



91 



Deru 1 Deru 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:214 



~X 



Deru 1 



: wood, tree, to be firm 



Avestan ffl POK:214; KLN:1644; SNS:318; ETM:65 



dm, dauru, derezda, draxta:free, wood 

darug : medicine from plants 



^ 



Persian 03 BQT:809,843; HRN:116; FVF:256 


ETM:65; FSF:177 




dorud 1 : wood 










dorudgar, dorga: 


wood worker, carpenter 






$>il> 


dar 2 : wood 








r > 


darkub : woodpecker 








u->y jO 


deraxt : tree 








<zSj^ 


darU : medicine 






( <Gl> 5 jl 


> ) 3p 


Ferdowsf -^)5^ 


d\y Vj? j'j'j-** - 


-^JJ ' 


o'r\.P 


X> iy/J 


See "Dher 1" for another possible root of "daru:medicine" 







w 



Persian ffl fvf:256 



dariyeh : a wood frame, a tambourine with wood rim 



«*;'■ 



W 



Arabic 

03 FVF:256 



daf : tambourine 



Persian ffl bqt:869 


daf : tambourine 


35 


Sandaf : domestic tambourine ^Gwhen 1 


wJJwM« 


See "Dup" for another possible root 





V 



Avestan 03 POK:214; ETM:65 



drva : healthy, sound 

Upa-draVB : to good health, good-bye *" U po 

drva-asti : healthy body 

drUW-ista : healthiest^ Isto 



Persian UJ POK:214,216; BQT:840,842,843 



dorud 2: 

bedriid : goodbye 
dorOSt : healthy, right 






V 



Old Persian 03 knt:190 



dam : wood 

asa-daru : stone wood, hard wood, ebony ^°Ak 



Sanskrit 03 pok:214 



dfUna : made of wood 



Greek 03 IEC:161 



driJS : oak 
en-drUOn : yoke peg 



Persian 03 BQT:854; HRN:124; FRS:217 



daruneh : bow, rainbow e ^3J- > 

Kasar ^ijjitjjj} ^y> 3 ~*ZJ& 'jy _ J_Xu oO ,U_ > ^3— > 3 1— *> 



Germanic 03 ahd 



English 



tree, true, tray, truth, trust, trim 



Latin 03 ahd 



durUS : hard, long lasting 



English 



duration 



91 



Dhars Dhe 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:259 

Dhars, Dhers: to dare 



^\ 



W 






Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:259; SYN:1149; KNT:190 



dars : dare, to be bold 

darsam : boidiy 



Persian 


03 HRN:122; BQT:837 




dorOSt : large, rough cj" p 

POK:216 derives this from the 
Indo-European root "Deru 1:wood, firm". 



Old High German 03 ahd 



tar : dare 



English 



dare 



Latin 03 ahd 



infestare : to disturb 



English 



infest, manifest 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:241 



A 



UnG 1 : to suckle milk, to produce 
UnG~mna : one who gives milk, nurse 
Compare with the root "Dheugh: to milk" 



Avestan 03 pok:241 



daenu : female 



Persian 03 BQT:822; HRN:119 



dayeh : baby sitter, nurse ij\} 

daye : mother's brother j|^ 



W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:242 !► 



dan6 : grain 
danaxe : grain 



W 



V* 



^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:134,136 



d'n:seed 

d yh : female servant 



Persian 03 bqt:820 



daneh : grain ij\} 

dang : one sixth of the property lSJO 



Latin 03 ahd 



femina : female 
filiuS: son 
fe-tUS : offspring 



English 



female 

affiliation 

fetus 



93 



Dhe 2 I Dhe 2 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 ahd:1512; pok:235 
Dhe 2: to do, set 



Avestan 03 pok:235 



ma[n]dz-dha : done learning, imss t **Men 1 
ahura-mazdha : wise spirit (GorfJ^An 1, Men 1 



Avestan 03 BQT:169,418; POK:238 



daman 2 : *ue 

han-dama :jju( togefter, shape^Ssm 
paiti-dama : protection for body^ Pa 



W 



Pahlavi 



handam ; ffgure 

pa-dam, panum : a cloth mouthpiece 
worn to protect the holy fire 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:235; HRN:236; KNT:168; FFD:52 



data 1 , da 1 : to put, set 

ni-da : to put down, lay down, also to hide Ni 1 

Upa-ni-da : hidden ®"upo 

apa-dana : the concealed part of a palace ^Apo 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:238 



dhana : vessel, holder, pot 

gao-dana, gao-di : milk container'^' Gwou 



Sogdian 03 SQP:174 



gwd'k -.container 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:235; FFD:52 



da 2 : to settle, to give 
dat6, data 3 : that which is settled, law 
datO-Vare : carrier of judgment, judge 
^Bher 1 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:127 



dast-War -.judge, priest 

datastan : law, a legal case (story) 

NYB:59 claims "dastwar" from Avestan "dah:to teach" 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Persian 03 kln:1095 



Mazda : wise (God) b y> 

Ahuramazda : God by> |, -&| 



Persian 03 mon:813 



andam : body, shape 

panam : a protective mouthpiece 

panamTdan : to prevent, deprive 



fa 






Persian G3 bqt:221 1,2214 



nahadan : to do ( ^ ) ^i$j 

nahan : covered, hidden ( i")**-* ) l)U3 

apadana : the throne room bbl)l 



Persian ffl bqt:818 



dan : vessel, holder 



(o'"^? <o'"^3 <&^'> £>'•* ■ 



Note that "-dan" in Persian "nav-dan: water gutter", 
is from a different root {see Da 2 ). 



Persian 03 


BQT:807,814,821 


; HRN:118 


NYB:60 






dad -justice 


< 0"J^ ' 


AwOO 


I wOO 


) ib 


davar -.judge 


referee 






J3 


b 


NYB:60 derives 


"dad" from "dadan:to give one's right" 







Persian ffl bqt:862 



dastUf : story, priest, agenda 



)&***>*> 



dastan : story ( ^h-o ) ^L*b 



Dhe 2 Dhehem 



W 



Indo-European 03 ahd:1512; pok:235 
Dhe 2: to do, set 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03 ahd 



tithenai : to put 

apo-tithenai : to put away, store 
para-en-tithenai : to put in besides^ En 
thema : thing placed 



French 

03 AHD:156,1334 



botica : gift store 

paranthese, 
these, theme 



Persian 


03 MON:625,1076,1137 


butlk : gift 


store 


lXo^> 


parantez 


: parenthesis 


j^U 


tern, tez 


subject 


ji'fi 



English 03 AHD:156,1334 



boutique, theme, thesis, parenthesis 



W 
W 



Germanic 03 ahd 



d6n : to do 



English 03 ahd 
do, deed 



Latin 03 ahd 



facere : to do, make 
facjes: shape, face 
Opi-facium: work to do, office ^Op 
facilis : that which can be done 



English 



-fy , fortify, modify 

fact, benefit, defeat, perfect, profit 

factor, factory, affect, .effect^ face, surface 

office 

facility, difficult, faculty 



W 



Indo-European 03 kln:573 



Dhe-mO, Dh-mO: house (something built or done) 



c 



Latin 03 kln:573 



famul, famulus, familia : belonging to the house 



English 03 kln:573 



family, familiar 



W 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 kln:573 



dhaman : seat house 



Dhedh 



see root: Atos 



Indo-European 03 IEC:178 



~X 



Dhedh 2: 



Persian ffl mon:1499 



dadeh : maid servant, i 



W 
^ 



Greek 03 I EC: 178 



tethe 2 : r, 



Dhegh 



Dhehem 



see root: Dhogh 
see root: Ghdhem 



Dheigh | Dheigh 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:244; KNT:191; CEL3:203 



~x 



Dheigh, Dhigha : to form out of clay, to knead clay or dough 



Old Persian 03 HRN:133; KNT:191; IEC:191 



dida, dega-vara : clay wa//®" war 3 



L 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:918 
divar:wa// j|-o 





Sogdian 03 S0D:151 



dyz' : fort 



Avestan 03 pok:244 



daeza : wall, fortification 



V 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:851; MON5:528 


' 




del: fort < j'->J-> <CAiJ-> > J-> 
dez-pol : strong bridge ( Jy ji ) Jj ji 



Avestan 03 pok:244 



pairi-daeza : with waits 

around it (garden) ^^ Per 1 



^ 



Persian UJ BQT:359; MON:680 



palTz, jalTz : melon farm V-JW < V-J^ 

Asadt £ j jU- j| j. JjJIj S\i £, . Jji ^xS ^b ^J,JJ ^Uj 



w 



Greek 03ahd:950 



paradeisOS : garden, park 






Old Persian 03 HUB:65; KLN:469 



daika :c/aypo( 



Germanic 03 ahd 



daigaz : dough 

d I g : one who kneads dough, lady of the house 



Latin 03 ahd 



figura : result of kneading, shape 



Persian 03 bqt:1455 



pardTs, ferdoWS: heaven ^yiji i ( ^ji j) 



English 



paradise 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:912,914; KLN:469 


' 




dig ( tfty ) &p 



English 



dough 
lady, dairy 



English 



figure, fiction 



Dhem Dhen 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:247 



~X 



UnGm : to make vapor, raise dust 



Avestan 03 pok:247 



dam : to blow, breathe 
da-dhmainya : / inflate, breathe 



h 


Persian ffl POK:247; BQT:876,877; HRN:127 


' 




dam : breath, air, vapor, weather 




P 




damTdan : to blow, breathe 




£}»LyO 




dama : weather, heat 




lo 




Damavand : a mountain (with vapor) 




AylO 




BQT:878 derives "Damavand" from the root 


'Dumb". 





^► [Germanic 
^ 



English 03 POK:248; KLN:399 



damp, dim 



Dhe-mna 



Dhe-mo 



see root : Dhe 1 
see root: Dhe 2 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:249 



Dhen, Dhont 



: to flow, run around 



Sanskrit 03 pok:249 



dhan : to r 



v* 

^ 



Latin B3ahd 



font : spring, fountain 



Persian UJ BQT:888; POK:249; HRN:128; FSF:88; MON:1562 



danTdan : to runjoyfully 
dan '.joyful shouting 
danan : running, excited 






Fsrdowst o) j JJJiSjS jj ^)\ii j ^lO _ aU j^Zy*" au*" jJol J 



English 



fountain 



Dher 1 Dher 1 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:252 



~X 



Dher 1 : to hold firmly, keep 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:252 



dar 2, dr-. to hold 



W I Pahlavi 03 F 



dastan : to have 
pad-en-dastan : to take, consider 



Persian 


03 BQT:810 


FFD:43 








-dar 3 : 


i suffix meaning owner, 


holder 




r ;b- 


dastan 


to have, own 








,'jJmwIJi 


pendastan : to think, 


consider 




<M> 


,'j.ImAjIJwO 



Persian ffl BQT:840; HRN:116,123 



darman : cure 

daru : medicine 

ETM:65 suggests a different root for "daru:medicine". See Deru 1 






W 



Avestan 03 BQT:1055; HRN:117 



Zaend-Uara: hold your weapon, beware^ Ghei 2 



Persian UJ bqt:1055 



Zenhaf: beware jujow )W5j 



Avestan 03 POK:252,258 



dereza : to hold together, close, tighten 



Persian UJ hrn:122 


CEL3:254; MON:1510 


dafZ. : seam 


< 'JP > JP 


darZI : tailor 


<3jj> 


darzman : thread 


d^jp 


darzan : needle 


Ojj-> 



w 



Avestan 03 BQT:170; HRN:122 



han-dareza : pull together, unite, fortify^" Sam 1 



Persian 03 bqt:170 



andarz : advice j.Jji 






Old Persian 03 ahd:335 



dar : to hold 

darayat-Vahu : he holds goodness ®"Su 1 



Sogdian 03 SQP:135 



d r : to hold, have 



Persian 03 BQT:813; TZF:13 


Darius : Darius, king of Persia 


J'yJ* 




yljta < Ijta 


darabgard : -city of Darab ,,cr Kwev 


ij£>ljb 



Sanskrit 03 pok:252 



dhar-.tohold, keep 

bhaga-dhara : holder of happiness^" Bhag 



W 



Hindustani 03 hjb:49; kln:140 



bahaudur : a title of respect in India 



Mongolian 03 hjb 



bahadur:(jrare 



Persian 

03 HJB:49; BQT; MON 



bahador : brave 



j->Wi 






Latin 03ahd 


l 




firmUS : firm, strong 








Greek 03ahd 


thomUS : support, seat 



English 03 ahd 



firm, farm, confirm 



English 
throne 



Dher 2 Dheu 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:251 



~X 



Dher 2, Dherabh, Dhrabh: to make muddy, unclear, dark 
Dhragh 2 :to confuse, disturb 






Avestan 03 pok:252 



driwi 1 : dark birth mark 



Germanic 03 ahd 



derk : dark 



English 



dark 



Greek 03 ahd 



traXUS : disturbing, rough 



Latin 



French 



Persian 03 mon:1058 



taraXOm : trachoma 



f> ] S 



^ 



English 



trachoma 



Dherabh 



Dhers 



see root: Dher 2 
see root: Dhars 



Indo-European 03 pok:259 

Dheu 1 -.tofiow 



^\ 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:54 



daw: 



Sanskrit 03 POK:259 



dhav: 



Germanic 03 ahd 



dauwaz : dew 



Pahlavi 

03 POK:259; FFD:54 



davitan : 



Persian 03 BQT:902; HRN:130 



davTdan : to run AJj o 

p\^ t clip / p 



English 



dew 



Dheu 2 Dheu 2 



W 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:262 



~X 



DheU 2, DPlU, Dhll-bh: smoke, mist, dizziness, dull color 



Avestan 
03 POK:262 



dvaidi 1 : smoke 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:129; POK:262; BQT:894 



dud : smoke 

dutak-man : smoke house, also 
family members sitting around 
fire in their house ^^ Dem 



Persian 03 BQT:894; HRN:129 


dlid : smoke 


>i> 


diideh : soot 


ii^i 


dudman : family 


0^-V 


Ferdowsf 





Avestan 03 POK:262; brt:6 



dav 1 -.press 
dvaidi 2 : we both press 
Neither POK nor BRT are 
certain about this derivation 



Avestan 03 bqt:172 



han-davathe : pressed 

together, depressed. 
®"Sem1 



Persian UJ bqt:172 



andlih : sorrow 
anduhgm : sorry 






Greek 03 ahd; kln:1670 



tuphein : to make smoke 
tuphos : smoke 
tuphun : typhoon 



Latin 



French 



Persian 03mon:1181 



tlfUS : typhus ^ek** 

tlfoid : typhoid J»jyu3 



V* 



English 03 ahd 
typhus, typhoid 



W 



Arabic ffl KLN:1670; SKT:581 



tufan : hurricane, typhoon 



Persian ffl mon:2240 



tufan : typhoon, rain /iliaJs* 

Hafez CUJiLjo $ j—~> J^-M-p ^L3a_L> <Gj<3 



V k 



English ffl SKT:581 



typhoon 

KLN:1670 derives it from a Chinese root but indicates 
that it is influenced by the Arabic word "tufan". 



^ 

L 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



fumUS : smoke 



English 



fume, perfume 



Germanic 03 ahd 



English 



dizzy, deaf, dumb, dull, deer, dust, dove 



100 



Dheu 3 | Dheugh 



Indo-European 03 pok:261 
DheU 3 :to shine 



~~\ 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:261; BQT:172,1008; FFD:32,58 



dav 2,du : to wipe, clean 

han-du, ham-du : to smear togefher®"Sem 1 

uz-davayati, uz-du : wipes off 



Persian 03 bqt:1008 



andudan : to smear, mix 
ZOdudan : to wipe out 



( (jb; , bj ) o^^j 



Sanskrit 03 pok:261 



dhav: 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:271,277; WLD:847,868 



~x 



Dheugh, Dhugh 



: to milk 



Compare with the root "Dhe 1:to suckle milk" 



Iranian 03 POK:271; SYN:386 



dhaug, daux, dauxs : to milk 



W 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:129 



duxtan, doxtan : to milk 

dusitan : to milk 



Persian 03 BQT:892,899; POK:271; SYN:386; AEF:273; FFD:54 



f A. 



dusidan : to milk ( J*pjJi J J*p ) ^±Jip 

duSIZeh : "milker" of the family. See "doxtar" o'j^O 



duxtan 2:tomilk 
dug : diluted yogurt 



"dusfzeh" has lost its original meaning as "milker" and, 

in some prints of this poem, has been changed to "dusandegan" 



W 



Indo-European 03 SHP:329; POK:277; WLD:868 



DhUgh-tar : milker (of the family), daughter' 3 ' Jev 3 



W 



Avestan 03 KLN:404; POK:277; BQT:333 



dugeda, dugdar: daughter (m/»<er) 
baga-dugdar : God's daughter®" Bhag 
a-Zarema-dligeda : non-aging woman 
®'Ger2 



Persian UJ BQT:333,826; WLD:868 



doxtar : daughter, girl 
BTdoxt : "daughter of God" 
AzarmTdoxt : "ageless woman" 









Germanic 03 ahd; pei:45 



dohter, dohtor 



English 



daughter 



^ 



Sanskrit ffl cel3:321 



duhl-tar : one who milks the cow, daughter 



101 



Dheye | Dheye 



^, 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:243 

Dheye: to see 



~x 



4-Avestan 
03 POK:243; BQT:373,910; SOD:421 



da 3, day, dai, dktosee 

Vaena 2 : observer 
Upa-d I ta : apparent^ Upg 

daeman : eye 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:74,373,910 



dTtan : to see 
adenak : mirror 
pa-dTt : apparent 



deman : appearance 
HUB:38 claims "pa-dit" 
was first formed in 
Pahlavi. 



Persian 03 bqt:74,910,915 



dTdan : to see i3JwO 

oJjJj i iIJjJj i JjJj , iX>\ 

dim, d\meU: light t^ii ,-j} 
j>d <wp (J\a'j ?w> <o aSjijj 

Zartosht-Nameh 



Old Persian 03 KNT:191; AEF:322; FFD:55 



dT, day, wai, vae : to see 

Vae-na, Vaina : observer 

vainahiy:/f;see 
ven-am, vaenami:/see 

adhi-Vaina : ornament 



w 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:340 



ven-ak, ven-ag : one sees 

adhvenak : ornament 



Persian 

03 BQT:29,340; SNS:291; AEF:80 



bina : one who sees ( i*i-0 ) WJ 

azin : ornament *j ^ I 

ai n : ceremony, customs ( 4Jo I Jb ) 'j^J I 

adineh : day of "ornaments", Friday <U*0 I 

SOG:17 derives "azfn" from "azfdan:to sew". 



^ 



W 



W 



Sanskrit 03 pok:243 



dhi : to see, to think 
dhyanah : seeing mentally 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:558 



gyan, jan: sou/ 



Persian UJ HUB:49; BQT:558 



jan : soul, life ( jy\^ ) J^ 

HRN:93 derives this from AV "dhay:to see" 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:243; KNT:191; FFD:33 



dais : to show, think 

ham-dais-a : to think c ' 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:33 



handes : thought 



Persian 03 ffd:33 



andisidan : to think 






Avestan 03 pok:243 



daena : insight, religion 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:916 



din : religion 



V 



Persian ffl BQT:916; MON:1597; FSF:191 



CiTn 1 : religion 



i JkJAi ^jJ>b ; 



i*S . 



V 



j** -^h vy b ^ tf* ° - l?« ^ 3 w- 1 j.r 

Ferdowsf 



iL) 



,^ 



w 



^ 



Sogdian 

03 SOD:148,421 




Wyn : to see 

dyn, dynU : religion 

dyn-d' r : religious 








Greek 03 pok:243; ahd 


Sema : things seen, signs 



Arabic 03 bqt:916 


FVQ:131 


din 1 : religion 




FVQ:132 claims Arabic borrowed "dm 1" 


from Iranian and "dm 2: 


judgment day" 


from Aramaic. See root 


'Dmu". 



Persian 03 fva:148 






Arabic 03 VDQ:275 



SI ma : sign, symbol 



Persian UJ mon:1983 



Sima:s/gn, face 



U>*.MJ 



English 03 ahd 



semantics 



102 



Dhigha | Dh-mo 



Dhigha 



see root: Dheigh 



Indo-European 03 IEC:191 
DhTS: village, earth ? 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 syn:1302; knt:190; brt:706 



dahyu, dainhU: land, country 



^ 



w 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:902; SNS:242 



deh, dih: village 



W 



Avestan 03 knt:208 



Persian 03 SYN:1302; BQT:902; MON:1585; TZF:13 



d0h 2 : village, country ( <W ) 0^ 

dehat : villages ( J^i ) oUi 

dehgan : villager, farmer ( J[jA} ) J&&} 

UQUXOUd : owner or ruler of a village (^O) \jjx&} 



JjtO 



<si l5).3j ^ J^o -&3 /jjj 



Visa-dahyu, VlSpa-dahyU : for all provinces ®"wi 



Dh-mo 



see root: Dhe2 



103 



Dhogh | Dhogh 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:240 



~X 



DPlOgh, Dhetjh: to heat, burn 



Avestan 03 POK:240; BQT:815, 827 



daga, dagah: hot 

daXSa : burnt 

daxma : place for burning the dead 



h 


Persian 03 fsf:173 


' 




dag : hot 






'& 




daXS 2 : dark 






r J*> 




daxmeh : tomb 






<oi>i 




ji3u oJJ-Ji^) 


d^j- 


<0 jijbuS 




Ferdowst ^*JO eivwjij 


'yCiJrj2> 


/. )3J 0^" 



w 



Avestan 03 ahm:181,192 



daxs 2, rax, rak : to hurt (bum) 

fra-daXSana : a device to hurt or 
strike from a distance, sling^^ Per 1 



Persian 03 AHM:192; MON:2564 



falaxon : sung ( ^>Jj ( ^UAii ( ^y>Xi ) ^Xi 



^ 



w 



Sogdian 03 S0D:139 




dgm'y -.grove 








Avestan 03 NYB:217; KLN:404 


dazaiti : to burn 
Vi-daz:tomeff®"wi 



Persian 03 MON:3199; BQT:1777 



godazTdan : to burn, melt ( jljSil^ ) Ajjjljj 



)Ij5 



4^ , 



jlJ3 ^ jy^ )•"* ^ Xm^ wO ****£ j 



Compare with derivations from root "Teku 1:to flow, run" 






Latin 03ahd 



febris : few 



English 



fever 



Germanic 03 kln:404 



dagaz : day 



English 



day, dawn 



Indo-European 03 IEC:379,407; POK:399 



Geulo, Guel, Gul, Guheguh: coat 



w 



Avestan 

03 HRN:163; BQT:1150; IEC:379,407 



skarana, skairya : coat 



Persian UJ BQT:1026,1150; HRN:163; MON 



sekar:coa/ (j'Sj,)^ 

ZOgal : coal ( J^j ( J^ ( JUj ) JUi 

SekarU : cooked on charcoal ajlX<« < U )\X<« < q )\X<« 

Sekar ahanj : /ran too/ for barbecuing m±& \ ,(£*, 

Suzanf Samarqandt 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 pok:399; ieC:407 



chol, kolo, kolam:coa/ 



English 03 ahd 



coal 



104 



Dhont | Dhugh-tar 



Dhont 



Dhrabh 



see root: Dhen 
see root: Dher2 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:257 



A 



Dhragh 1, Dhreg:to P »// 



Russian 03 ahd:400 



drozki : 



h 


Persian LLI MON:1511; BQT:837 


' 




ClOrOSkeh : horse driven carriage ^SJ" O 



English 



droshky 






Germanic 03 ahd 



dragan : to draw 



English 



draw, drag, draft 



Germanic 03 ahd 



drinkan : draw into the mouth 



English 



drink, drown 



Dhragh 2 



Dhreg 



see root: Dher2 
see root: Dhragh 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:276 
DhreUgh : to deceive 



^\ 



Avestan 03 POK:276; BQT:845; SNS:324 



draoga.drauga : a tie, a demon 
dragvant, drvant : one who likes lies, atheist. 



w 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:846; SNS:324,325 



dr6g : a lie 

drUVand : non-believer 



Persian 

03 BQT:846; SNS:324; BQT:845; TZF:22 



doriig : a lie 

dorvand : atheist 






w 

L 
^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:191 



dUTUJ : lie, deceive 



Germanic 03 ahd 



drauma : illusion, i 



English 



dream 



Dhrugh 



Dhu 



Dhu-bh 



Dhugh 



Dhugh-tar 



see root: Dhwer 

see root: Dheu 2 

see root: Dheu 2 

see root: Dheugh 

see root: Dheugh 



105 



Dhumbhma Dibber 



Dhumbhma 



see root: Dumb 



Indo-European 03 IEC:224 



Dhus 



: whir, whirring object, spindle 



w 
^ 



Latin 03 IEC:224 



flJSUS : spindle 

POK:448 derives this word from root "Gheu 1 : to pour". 



Persian UJ IEC:224 



dCik -.spindle OO 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:278; knt:191 



~X 



Dhwer, Dhrugh, Dhwor : 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 BQT:828; KNT:191 



dvar, duvara : door 



Persian 03 bqt; fvf:98,240 



darband : "enclosed area'^Bhendhe <^>J^ 

bandar: "enclosed area", seaport^^ Bhendhe ( pw) jJJo 



W 



Sogdian 03 SQP:138 



dbr: door 



W 



Arabic 03 fvf:240 



darb : gate 



h 


Persian 03 mon:1503 






darb : door l _ >0 



w 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



dumnz : door 



English 



door 



Greek 03ahd:1343 



thura : door 

thuroides : door shaped (gland) 



French 



h 


Persian ffl mon:1178 


' 




tiroid : thyroid ^jtf 



^ 



English 



thyroid 



v* 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



foris, foras : outdoors, c 



English 03 ahd 
forest, foreign 



Dhwor 



Di 



Dibber 



see root: Dhwer 
see root : Da 1 
see root: D.b.r 



106 



Dinghw | Dinghw 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:223; PRT:335; KNT:211 



~x 



Dinghw, Dnghu, Ghu 2, Ghua 



tongue 



Avestan 03 PRT:335; SYN:230; KNT:21 1,214 



ZaV 1 , Zba : call 
hJZU, hizva: tongue 



^, 



( 'Pahlavi 



W 



Sogdian ffl sod:91 



ZD K : tongue 






Old Persian 03 knt:21 1,214 



Zba : call 

hizana, hazana: tongue 



Sanskrit 03knt:211 



hu, hva:ca// 

jihva : tongue 



Germanic 03 ahd 



tlingon : tongue 



Latin 03 ahd 



dingua, lingua : tongue, 



Persian 

03 PRT:335; BQT:1003; BRT:1815; IEC:409,410; MON 



Zaban : tongue, 
hoZVan : tongue 



ok) 



English 



tongue 



English 



language 



107 



DTnu Do 1 



Akkadian 03 BQT:916; KLN:399 



DTnU, Denii : law, right, judgment 

Dayanu:j»d g e 



^ I Aramaic 03 bqt: 



916; KLN:399 



dTn : to rule 

medhinah : district of a governor, province 



W 



Arabic ffl BQT:916; FVQ:131 



ClTn 2 '.judgment 

yawm-ed-din : day of judgment 

dayn : debt 

FVQ:132 claims Arabic "dfn:religion" is borrowed from 

Iranian while "dfn:day of judgment" is borrowed from 

Aramaic and passed into Iranian languages. See root "Dheye". 



V 



W 



Arabic 03 kln:399 



madineh : city 
tamaddon : civilization 



^ 



Hebrew 03 KLN:399; BQT:916 



dTn: to judge 

dan -.judge 

DanT-el : God is my judge ** Layh 



"~X 



Persian 




ffl FVA:148; MON:1597 




din 2 '.judgment day 


V 


dayn : debt 


V 


See root "Dheye" 




for "dm: religion". 





Persian 03 mon; fva:379 



madineh : city tXiXn 



English 



Dan, Daniel 



D km -torn 



Dlgho 



see root: Dekm 
see root: Del 



Semitic 03 kln:419 



U . I . I : to hang down, languish 



<+ 



W 



Arabic ffl kln:419 



uZ.I.I, Z.I.I : to be low, humble, poor 



Hebrew ffl kln:419 



delllah : thin, delicate, amorous 



^ 





Persian UJ fva:150 






Zalll : weak, humiliated 

cJi 










Persian 03 MON5:526 


Dal lien : the mistress of Samson 


<dJi 



English 03 KLN:419; WEB:480 



Delilah 



Dnghu 



Do1 



see root: Dinghw 
see root: De2 



108 



Do 2 Dolmak 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:223 



~X 



Do 2 



to give, create 



Avestan / Sanskrit 03 bqt:121; pok:223,225 



da 4 : to give 
datar : giver, God 



w 



Pahlavi 03 NYB:56; HRN:61,115 



datan : to c 



dadar:God 
dahisn;g/« 

paiti-dahisn : reward, given back ** Per 3 



Persian 03 BQT:289,815; FSF:169; SNS:295 


dadan : to give 


Cpb 


deh 3 : giver 


< «•> (ijjj > r °1 


Bagdad : God-given (city) ** Bhag iljju 


dadar:God 


jbb 


dasan : gift, tip 


( ' C*Jbl> t jiA^ ) /r^b 


padas : reward 


( jV&bui c*&bu ) ^bu 




J>1$5 <&5w^ )•&< >**> >A~o 


Ferdowsf 


j>u j> $ <&io JvJ jboj 


TAD:12 derives Baghdad from Persian 


"bag-e-dad: garden 


of justice". 



w 



^ 



V 



Avestan 03 bqt:121,907 



dathllS : creator 
SpentO-datO : holy creation 
^Kwen 



Persian 03 mon:1588 



day : creator, the tenth month in Persian calendar 

Esfand Tyar : "holy creation", a male name 

See root "Ghei 1" for another possible derivation of "day" 






Avestan 03 BQT:2396; HRN:248 



data 2 : giver, owner 

USi-data : gifted with intelligence^ Ous 1 



Persian 



husyar : aware, intelligent 



)W«a& 



Avestan 03 pok:225 



dathra : gift 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:298 



dasr:g/», kindness 



<+ 






Latin Oahd 



dare : to give 

donum : gift 



English 



add, data, edit, rent, tradition, surrender 

date 2 : time 

donate, pardon 



Greek 03ahd 



didonai : to give 

doron : gift 



English 



dose 

Dorothy, Theodore 



Turkish 03ahd:389 



Dolmak 



: to wind, wrap 



W 



Turkish 03ahd:389 



dolman : wrapping, cover, coating 



German 03 ahd:389 



dolman : a kind of cloak 



French 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:1554 



dolmeh : food wrapped in vine leaves 



English 03 AHD:389; KLN:473 



<ub 



dolman : cloak or coat with large sleeves 

dolman sleeve 



109 



Domu Drtos 



Domu 



see root. 



Dem 



Indo-European 03 pok:226 
DOUS : arm 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:226 



daOS : shoulder 



Persian UJ BQT:898; HRN:130; POK:226 



dlJS : shoulder 






Drap 



Drapses 



see root: Der 1 
see root: Der 1 



Greek 03 FVQ:129 



A 



Ur3SSOtT13n : as much as one can hold in the hand, later 
it was used as a unit of weight and finally a coin 



W 



Greek 03 FVQ:129 



draxmon, draxme -.acoin, 

also a unit of weight 
This may be from a Semitic root 



Pahlavi 03 FVQ:130; MON:1513 



dram, diram: a silver coin, 

also a unit of weight 



Persian 03 bqt:840 



deram : a coin * -.$ 



W 



^ 



Arabic 03 tad:27 



derham : a coin and also a unit of weight. 
This is possibly from Pahlavi (FVQ:130). 



Indo-European 03 wld:821 
DrGgh:umv////ng 



"~X 



W 



Avestan 03 wld:821 



drigu, dregu, driwi 2: , 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 brt:849 



driyos:^ 



Persian 03 BQT:846; HRN:124; KLN:431 



darvis : r 






TAD:27 suggests "darvrsh" is a distorted form of Persian "dar pfsh : 
at the door, beggar". BQT:846 does not agree with this derivation. 



Prep 



Drop 



Drtis 



Drtos 



see root: Der 1 

see root: Der 1 

see root: Der 1 

see root: Der 1 



110 



Dub Dub 



W 



Sumerian 03 akd:19; bqt:823 



Dub, Dup : aiM 



scripture 



Old Persian 03 bqt:823 



dipi : to write 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:148 



dyb-yy : letter 



v* 



Akkadian 03 akd:19; bqt:823 



duppu, tlippil : fabfef 



W 



"~X 



Persian 03 BQT:824; KLN:467; AKD:19; ETM:36 


dablf : writer, teacher 


J&> 


dabestan : p/ace of teachers (school) ** Sta 


V -H"^' ("jL***^ 


dTbaceh : preface 




dTvan : register book 


o'#.-> 



I, 



(•Arabic 03 fvf:13,273 



adab : literature, discipline 
dTwan : register, book 



L. 



Persian UJ FVA:28; FVF:273 



adab : discipline ( yibl , y^ilS < i-O^fl) i-OI 

adabiyyat : literature ( i_*ol ) otoil 

tadvin : iwftng ( ^yjji ) ^ ^ jj 



^ 



Aramaic 



dappa, dup: skin 

for writing tablet 



Arabic ffl mon:1540 



daf : a tambourine made of 
animal skin on a frame 



Persian ffl mon:1540 



daf : tambourine (fcjjjjju) uSO 

See "Deru 1" for another possible root 



ill 



Dumb | Pup 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:227 



~X 



Dumb, Dhumbhma: 



Avestan 03 POK:227; HRN:128 



duma : tan 



V* 






Germanic 03 POK:227 



tappa, tuppa:p/»g 



Persian 03 bqt:876,882 



dom, donb:fa// (tjlj> ) yji < fi 

donbeh : fatty tail of a lamb <u5;s 



W 



Persian 03 FVF:258; MON:1563 



donbal : abscess 
donbalan : animal testicles 






w 



Arabic 03 fvf:258 



domal : abscess 



Persian 


UJ MON:1561 


domal : 


abscess 


p 


See "Dus 


for another 




possible root of "domal" 





Persian UJ bqt:878 



Damavand : a mountain north of Tehran 
originally a village at the mountain "tail" 

MON5:536 derives this word from the root "Dhem" 



AylO 



Persian UJ mon:1563 



donbak, tonbak : a long tailed drum 



uXtafc) t lXihO 



Persian UJ nyb:82 



Kazdom : scorpion, literally "stinging tail" 



rf 



English 03ahd 



tap, top, tip, tattoo, tampon 



Pup 



see root. 



Dub 



112 



Dus Dvei 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:227 
DUS : bad, evil 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:227; FSF:179, 183 



dus, duz, duzdaO: bad, evil 
dllS-manah : with evil thoughts^" Men 1 
dllS-nama : bad name^*" Nomn 



duS-Vare : difficult to carry®" Bher 1 

dus-xv-athra, duz-athra:nofeasy 

^Eter 



W 



Persian 03 BQT:850,853,867; HRN:126; MON:1536 



dozd : thief 
dosman : enemy 

dosnam : insult 






dosvar : difficult ( j,^ ) jl^iu 

dosxar -. difficult jljjiii 

Ferdowst j|j> jljAii **l9ji iSjU <0 



Avestan 03 BQT:897; VIE:31; TZF:22 



dus-haem : dad fempered^*" Hasm 
dus-yata : rjacMj/te^Yem 

daos-ahva, duz-axva : evil world 

^Anl 
dus-pithwa : bad fat, abscess 



W 



Pahlavi 03 sbk:214 



duzax : hell 



Persian 03 BQT:896; HRN:129 


; VIE:31; TZF:21 


doZxTm : bad tempered 
dosyad : humiliation of 




< \ p < % 


people in their absence 






dlJZaX : hell 
dozpTh : abscess 


<.<£ 






JuUJ 


f^'j^ Zj> <^U jfyA ^U£ 


Ferdowsf 


JuUJ 


pi )' .H oU' j*^ 3)3 


See "Dumb" for another possible derivation of "domal" 



w 



Avestan ffl BRT:755; BQT:1063 



ClUZ-aka : with bad sting hooks, porcup/ne^Ang 
BRT:755 is not quite certain about this derivation. 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 SNS:168; BQT:1063 



zuzag, zuzag, jujag: 

porcupine, chicken 



Persian 

03 BRT:755; BQT:1063; HRN:152; MON:1250,1320; IEC:1391 



ZUZ : porcupine 
jljjeh : chicken 



/ A A \ A A 

< °J3J > J3J 



^►l Avestan 03/ 



dus-kareta : ill-done ®"Kwer 

dus-cithra, dus-citra : ofevil seed (raceJ®"Skai 

duS-UXta : ill-spoken^' Wegwh 

dliS-daena -.ofevil conscience^ Dheye 



W 
^ 



Greek 03ahd 



dus : bad 



Latin 



dyS- : faulty, diseased 



English 



dysfunction, dystrophy 



Dvei 



see root. 



Dwei 



113 



D.v.r Dwei 



Arabic 03 KLN:397; FVA:146 



D.v.r: 



to turn, go around, encircle 



^►l Arabic ffl 



FVA:146; KLN:108,397 



datrah : circle 

dar : house, originally surrounding a court 
dahf : a round of (long) time 
dar-aS-Saricf : house of construction, 
facfo/y^S.n.'a 



V* 



~X 



Persian 03 


-VA:146 








dowr 


: around 


perimeter 






T J>> 




^ ' 


<>/)> < 


7i'-> < 


o'jj-* 


< °jJ-> 




j>M 


, 0;W 


< jl-^ 


< Jjj* 


< /$> 


darl 


: house 




< » 


< J^ 


)^b 


dahr 


a long time, world 


fortune 




/i 




j-*- 


O3 j_fl ^) V s .j' ^^" 


M 3j-" 


Hafez 


WwjI 


0-^.3^ 


(jlj*. J- 


Cwv»»"J»\£ 


?dS <0 



^ 



Greek 03 kln:108 



arsonalos : factory, 
workshop 



Italian 03 AHD:74; KLN:108 



darsena, arsenale : naval dockyard 



English 03 ahd:74 



arsenal 



Indo-European 03 pok:227 

Dwei, Dvei : to fear 






Avestan 03 POK:228; KLN:454 



dvaetha : threat, menace 

dvaes, tbaes : sick, hi 



Sogdian 03 S0D:138 



db yS : enmity, harm 



Latin 03ahd 



dims : horrible 



Greek 03 kln:451 



deinOS : dreadful 
deinOS-Saura: dreadful lizard 



Pahlavi 03 pok:228 



beS 1 : sorrow 
See "Weis" for an 
alternative root. 



Persian UJ mon:627 



blS 2 : a poisonous plant 



iW 



English 



dire 



English 



dinosaur 



114 



Dwo Dwo 



W 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:230; 



~X 



DWO: 



Avestan 03 POK:230; KLN:440,1669; SOD:145 



dva, duva : two 

duva-dasa : twelve ®"Dskm 
d Ve-Sate : two hundred^ Dskm 
duvitya-kara : the other one 
blS : more 



Persian 03 bqt:888,902,914 


HRN:132; HUB:65 


do : two 


V 


devTst : two hundred 


C-wU O 


digar, degar : other 


j> i , yji 


bTs 1 : more 


iW 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:175 



bi, biS:(wo 

bis-COCtUS : cooked twice (biscuit) ** Pskw 

dU0 : two 

dU0-decem : two ten (dozen) *" Dskm 



French 03 kln:175 



biscuit, douzaine 



t 



Persian 03 mon:1572 



■VC>0 i C-JqX**) 



English 03 kln:175 
biscuit, dozen 



English 03 ahd 



bicycle, binary 



Greek 03 ahd 



di, diS:(wo 

dia : through, across, apart 

di-pl00S : twofold, pamphlet 



<+ 



W 



► — Greek 03 ahd 



dia-dein, dia-dema : a head- 
band tied on two sides^^ De 1 



Persian 

03 MON:1603; BQT:921 



dayhim : c 



(•eK-* 



Greek 03 ahd 



di-ploOS : twofold, pamphlet, 
diploma 



French 



diplome, diplomate 



Persian UJ mon:1590 



Uu>.L»0 i 



$-> < r^? 



English 03 ahd 



diploma, diplomat 



Greek 03 kln:440 



dia-bainein : going across (liquid in diabetic patients)^^ Gwa 
dia-luein, dialuses : to loosen (filter) apart, dialysis ^Lsu 
dia-phragna : completely enclosed 
dia-metfOS : (diameter line) that measures across ^^ Me 



French 



W 



Persian 03 mon 



diyabet 

diyaliz 

diyafragm 






Jlji^i 



^ I Latin 03 ahd \>- 



English 03 ahd 



diabetes, dialysis, diameter 



V* 



Greek 03 KLN:440; AHD:361 



dia-ballein : to throw across, slander 

®"GwsI 1 
diabolos : slanderer, devil 



Arabic 

03 BQT:83; FVQ:48 



eblis, ibliS:dew/ 



Wl 



Latin 03 ahd 



Persian UJ bqt:83 


eblis ^.J^l 








English 03 ahd 




devil 





w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



twai : two 



English 



two, twelve, twenty, twice, twin, between 



115 



Dye | Dyeu 

Dye 

Dyeu 



see root: Dei 
see root: Dei 



IK 



E 



Ed 



Ebhi 



see root: 12 
see root: Ambhi 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:287 
Ed : to eat 



A 



Avestan 03 POK:287; BQT:44,1624 ► 



adaiti : to eat 
asa 1 : food 
Xarka-asa : eating tj/rd^*" Ksr 3 



W 



Avestan 03bqt:119 



aspa-asa : horse food^ ^ Ekwos 



Persian 03 bqt:2099 



as : a kind of soup Jj I 

nasta : not eaten \iji\i 

karkas : vulture ^ $ 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:119,1624 



aspast, aspasti : a/fa/fa 



Persian 03bqt:119 



aspast : a/fa/fa ( C»»~» ) i 

1 < 



Jj j^ y*/**/*H ^ wwJ ^ 



j *5u 



.3J- 



■Jj^ 



w 



Syriac 
03 BQT:119 



pes pes ta 



Arabic 



al-fesfeseh : a/fe/fe 



L 



Persian 03 bqt:1624 



fesfeseh : a/fe/fe 



^.■. ^A '. ^ < *L*JU3 



Spanish 



W 



Sogdian 03 SOD:70 



'sp'dy :fcod, d/sh 



English 03 ahd 



alfalfa 



^ 

L 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



it-an : to eat 

tanth-UZ, tunth-sk : eater (tooth, tusk) 



English 03 ahd 



eat, etch 
tooth, tusk 



Latin 03 ahd 



ed-ere : to eat 
dent : tooth 



English 



edible 

dental, denture 



117 



w 



Eg I Ei 

Indo-European 03 pok:291 

Eg/ 



~X 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 kln:763; pok:291; tlm:62 



azem, adam, mana 1, maiy: 



W 



Sogdian 03 SOD:93,223 



zw 

my : me, my 



V 



Germanic 03 ahd 



eg, ic:; 



Latin 03 ahd 



ego:/ 



Persian 03 BQT:2036; SNS:221 



man 1 :/ 



<y 



English 


I 




English 


ego 



w 



Indo-European 03 POK:293,501; KLN:825 

Ei, Ey, I 1, la 1 :to g0 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 

03 POK:293-296; KLN:825 



ya 1 : to go 
yaiti : goes 
aeiti, yeinti:gone 
a-aiti, aiti 2 

dllZ-ita: hard motion 
yah 1 : road, motion 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:551; ISS:252 



giyak, givak : location 

givak-r6p : "room sweeper", 
broom Raup 



Persian 03 HRN:94; BQT:551 



ja : place, location v> 

ja-riib -.broom (jjl?) yjjW 






Old Persian 03 POK:293; FFD:35 



ay : to move 
aitiy : gone, went 

upa-aitiy, upa-ay-a:ougwto 

^Upo 



Pahlavi 03 AEF:234; FFD:35 



Upayat : have to, must 
apayistan : have to, must 
abayist : have to, must 



Persian 03 aef:234 



bayad : must jjb 



Sanskrit 
03 KLN:825 



yana : path 



Persian 03 bqt:589 



jan : side, path 

Ferdowst C-J^> 3 Po y^i «*> y )\ JjJ J <0 . 



<>? 



OS iSj\y & 'J> jl j^Jjj> 



Sanskrit 03 OEW:78 



jadoO : going against someone's wishes, sorcery 
Compare with root "Ya". 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



ire: to go 

tranS_Tre : to go over®" Ter 1 
ambi-Tre : to go around, ambient^ 
Circum-Tre : to go around, circuit 
eX-Tre : to go out, exit 
in-itium : to go in, start, initiate 



French 



transit 



Persian 03 mon:1061 



transit : transit 



^'j 3 



English 



transit, ambient, circuit, exit, initial 



Hi 



Ei Eis 1 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:293,501; KLN:825 

Ei, Ey, I 1, la 1 : fo g o 



PART 2 



~x 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03 ahd 



leani : to go 

ion 2 : going particle 



French 



Persian 



yon : ion ^ 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:296; kln:1761 

Ye, Yero.year 
le, lero, \aro. y ear 



English 03 ahd 



Mf-Avestan 03 POK:296; KLN:1796 



W 



yar, yara : year 

yah 2, jar, jaitkyear 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:249 



yairka: one year old. 



Persian UJ bqt:2406 



hirak : a baby animal O -J& 



Latin 03 ahd 



ya-mO : beginning of year, 
god of doors 



French 



Janiver: January 



h 


Persian ffl mon:1775 


' 




ZanvTyeh : January <Uy| j 






English 



January, janitor 



Germanic 03 ahd 



yeram, jeram:year 



English 



year 



V* 



Greek 03 ahd 



horOS : time 
hora : season 



English 



hour, horoscope 



v* 



Indo-European 03 kln:1743 



Wi-itos: 



to go (gone) apart, wide Wi 



L 



Germanic 



wit, widaz : 



English 



wide 



Eik 



see root: Aik 



Indo-European 03 pok:299 



A 



Eis 1: 






Avestan 03 POK:299; BQT:754 



aes-ma, aes-ma : anger 



h 


Persian UJ hrn:109 

Xesm (xasm) : anger J& 





Germanic 03 ahd 



IS-arenO : holy metal 



English 



115 



Eis 2 I Eis 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:301 
EiS 2: ice 



~~\ 



V 



Avestan 03 HRN:252; POK:301 



ISaV : frosty 

aexa : ice 



Persian 03 bqt:2427 



yax : ice 



Old Persian 03 S0D:452 



viyaxna : ice 



Sogdian 03 S0D:452 



yxn : ice 



Germanic 03 ahd 



English 



120 



Ekwos Ekwos 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:301 
EkWOS : horse 



"~X 



Avestan 03 POK:301; DVS:42; BQT:1819 



as pa : horse 

aspa-bara : horse load, rider'^' Bher 1 



^ 



Pahlavi 03bqt:119 



asp : horse 
asbar: rider 



Persian 03 mon; bqt 



asb : horse 
Savar : rider 



yy 



Avestan 

03 BQT; POK:1082; KNT; HRN:206; AEF:324 



tum-aspa : (with) strong horses ^Tsu 
keresa-aspa : (with) lean horses ^Ksrk 
Vista-aspa : (with) gray or old horses 

baevare-aspa : (with)io.ooo horses 

Baevare 



Persian 


Tahmasb : with strong horses 




U-v«JMjA) 


Garsasp : with lean horses 






Gostasp : with old Horses 




V 


BTvarasp : with 10,000 horses 




U-v«jI jy*J 


(— -**>l jowO 3 (jjSj& 


d-v)Jj> Jjj <Gu*9l 


Khaqant C~J ySi j*£tfi <U 


44 


obv &j 



^ 



Avestan 

03 BQT; POK:1082; KNT; HRN:206; MON5:419 



arsan-aspa : (with) male horses^' Eras 1 
aurvat-aspa : (with) swift horses^ Er 1 
arejat-aspa : (with) valuable horses 
^Algwh 
jam-aspa : owning horses 



Persian LLI mon 


Arsasp : "with male horses" 




Gosnasp : "with male horses" 




Lohrasb : "with swift horses" 


U-v«jIj4J 


Afjasp : "with valuable horses" 




JamaSD : "owning horses" 


Km^f*>\fi\i> 


**~?**^)> <J>¥% ^S^ ^P if^^ 


Qa'anf ato <C_JO y> 


cu*_Jb jl jiJl> 



w 



Avestan 03 bqt:1819 



aspa-asa : horse fcod^* Ed 



W 



Pahlavi 03bqt:119 



aspast : horse food, a/fa/fa 



Persian 


aspast 


: a/fa/fa 










(jl <U>3j jl 


Ci"vW.D Jj 


| \30 'yjSeuJ* <J (J-* 1 ^ 


Sanaf 


Jta) fi JAWWWlJ 


.3 .j*** .3 


Cr**U*MM |^X> 


jjJJO 



w 



Syriac 03bqt:119 



pes pes ta : a/fa/fa 



Arabic 



alfesfeseh : a/fa/fa 



Persian UJ mon:2547 



fasfaseh t»gLa3 , <ui»i 



English 03ahd:32 



alfalfa 



W 

L 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 MON:246; BQT:125 



aSVa-tara : related to a horse 



Pahlavi 



Persian 



astar : mule 



j~"' 



Greek 03ahd 



hippos : horse 
philo-hippOS : horse 
foi/er^Bhili 



Latin 



French 03 ahd 



Persian 03 mon 



FTITp : "horse lover" 



English 03 ahd 



hippopotamus, Philip 



121 



El 2 | Elu-ephas 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:302; kln:509 



~X 



El 2, Elk, Eln 



red or brown used in animal and tree names 



Avestan 03 pok:302 



aurUSa : pale red, white 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:55 



Persian 03 BQT:55; MON:80 



< ){\ t JS\ t <>S\ ) MT 



al : pale red, pink 

alguneh : a pinkish face powder 






Germanic 03 ahd 



elmo, almo, elwa : red, brown 



Germanic 03 kln:860 



lambiz : lamb 





English 






elm, alder, elk 






English 03 kln:860 


lamb 



w 



Indo-European 03 pok:308; kln:509 



~X 



tl O : to bend, elbow 

Elei, Lei, Plena 



Avestan 03 pok:308 



arethna : arm, elbow 



► — 


Persian 03 mpp:79 
arysnug : elbow 


► — 


Persian 03 BQT:32; MPP:79 




arenj : elbow ( Si j 1 < ^l j 1 


• o/> 


ffj" 









Avestan 03 pok:308 



fra-rathni : forearm®" Par 1 






Old Persian 03 mpp:79 



arasni : elbow 



Germanic 03 ahd 



alino : forearm 



English 



elbow 



Elei 



Elk 



Eln 



Elu 



Elu-ephas 



see root: El 3 

see root: El 2 

see root: El 2 

see root: Yb 

see root: Yb 



122 



Embhi Emos 



Indo-European 03 pok:311; wld1:125 
tlTIDnl : honey, honeybee 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 S0D:42 



ang, angu: honey 
angu-paena : sweet sap 

^Pet 



Pahlavi 03wld1:125 



ang, angubin : honey 



Persian 03 BQT:174; HRN:254 



ang : honey 






Sogdian 03 S0D:42 



'nkwpyn: honey 



Sanskrit 03pok:311 



hingu: 



Sogdian 03 S0D:87 



inku, 'ynkw: 



Latin 03wld1:125 



apiS : oee 



Greek 03pok:311 



ampiS : honey 



English 03 kln:89 



apiary, apiology 



Indo-European 03 IEC:257 



t IT1 OS : a suffix meaning most or last 



<+ 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 IEC:257 



-emO : most or extreme 



Latin 03 IEC:257 



-imus 

inf-imUS : fowesf 
pOSt-OmUS : fowesf 
maX-imUS : maximum 
min-imUS : minimum 



A 



h 


Persian LLI IEC:257 


' 




-Om : a suffix indicating the order of a number fl £ 



English 03 ahd 



maximum 
minimum 



123 



En Enomn 



Indo-European 03 P0K:31 1 



~X 



t n : in, inside 

Ndher, Ndhos, Ndhi -.in, under 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 P0K:31 1 ; dza:57 



an-tar, an-tare, antara : 



Persian UJ HRN:27; BRT:132 



andar : inside ( ^ jjjl < ^l jjjl ) ^ jjjl 



Avestan 03 kln:1677 



haca-adairi : from under®"S8kw 



Pahlavi 



azir, BZer: under 



h 


Persian UJ bqt:1051 


' 




ZIP : under jj j 



Old Persian 03pok:311 



adi, adyi: /n 

adi-Sta : in standing^" Sta 
adi-Var : in truth, indeed 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:6,20 



6-Statan : to be in standing 
e-Var : indeed 

e-var: ? 
e-van: ? 



Persian UJ hrn 



Tstadan : to stand ?\}\l»A 

an : yes, indeed ^ ) I 



Greek 03ahd 



en-, eiS- : /n, /ns/de 

para-en-tithenai : put in besides ®" Dhs 2 

epi-eis-hodos : com/ng /n besides^ Sed 



French 



paranthese 



^ 



W 

L 



Germanic 03 ahd 



in, innera, anda 



Latin 03 ahd 



intra, intra, inter 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:652 



parantez : parenthe. 



'r> ] A 



English 



parenthesis, episode 



English 



in, and, under 



English 



inter-, international, interest, 
interface, intestine, intimate 
in- 1 , en-, inferior 



Enek 



Enk 



Eno 



Enomn 



see root: Neku 

see root: Neku 

see root: An 2 

see root: Nomn 



124 



Ens | Epi 



^ 



Indo-European 03wld1:134 



~X 



t IIS : meet with hostile intent 
WLD expresses uncertainty about derivation of these words 



Avestan 

03 WLD1:134; BRT:361 



ans-tha, asta 1 : enmity 
astai : to hate 

ans-ra, as-ra, 
anra, angra : devilish 



Avestan 03 POK:726; KGW:46; SIN:1179; ETM:35 



anra-mainyu, angra-manyu, ahra-manyurew/sp/rif^Men 1 



L 



Persian 03 BQT:2083; FSF:36 



ahnman : devil 






W 
^ 



Old Persian 03wld1:134 



arika, ahrika : adversely disposed 



Indo-European 03 pok:323; kln:1065 
tpi, Up I : at, near, against 



~~\ 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 kln:530; pok:57 



aipi : to, toward, also 
aipi-areta : set determined^ Ar 

apiy, ape, apaya 



Latin 03ahd 



OD : to against, before 



English 



obtain, offer, oppose, omit 



Greek 03ahd 



epi : on, over, among 
epi-skopOS : one rank 
above bishop ^^Spek 



Old Persian 

03 MON:1901; FSF:228 



Skuba : bishop, priest 



Persian UJ MON:1901; FSF:228 



Sekuba : a Christian bishop [><&«» 

Ferdowst l5j-+" J> J Jir*! 3 ^J^* 



V 



w 



Arabic 

03 MON:270; TAD:3 



OSqof : bishop 



Persian 03 MON:270; FSF:44 



OSqof : bishop 



j** i*5-^£ -^-^5^ V 3 u^*^ " i)/ **$) c^«o vu oi-Jy ^j£L*» 



J' 
Ferdowsf 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



episCOpUS, bisCOpUS -.priest 
epi-demia : (illness) among peopfe^Da 
epi-lepsia : hold upon 



English 03 ahd 



Episcopal, bishop 
epidemic, epilepsy 



125 



w 



^ 



Er 1 | Er 1 

Indo-European 03 pok:327 



Er1, Or 



PART 1 



~X 



to set in motion, excite 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:327; BRT:184,368; FSF:105 



ar, ra 1 : to move 
ras 1 , rasa : to come, arrive 
paity-ara : against progress, ugly^" Per 3 
pati-ara : challenge, f/ghf ^ Par 3 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 
► Persian 03 HRN:137; BQT:374,950; FSF:107; FFD:56 



reSldan : to arrive, to ripe ( oX**u ja3 < ir" ) ) AX*^ ) 

patyareh : enemy, ugly e^Sj , 8jLl> 

pazireh : to challenge an enemy, fight o jj^j 

Ferdowst (Jjj 4j Xol jjjl lSjjj? I J V" 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:331; IRN:112; KNT:170 



aurva, aurvant:sw/s, fast 
auruma : wiidiy 
aurvat-aspa : (with) fast 

horses Ekwos 



Persian UJ BQT:111,160,1918; IRN:114 



Arvand : Tigris river J»bj' 

Alvand : name of a mountain with many springs Jjajl 

Lohrasp : "with fast horses", a male name u-w«l At 

Fsrdowst ^|yV <dp-i lj Jjljj! y iSjto 
"Arvand:swift" is a translation of "Dejleh:swift". See Root "Steig" 






Sanskrit 03 pok:330 



rad, radati: 



scrapes, scratches 



Persian 03 MON:964; HRN:138 



randidan ( 8 jjj ) ^Jjjjj 



Avestan 03 BQT:987; SYN:278; HRN:142 



PI, fae, raec 1 : to release, discharge, defecate 



W 



Pahlavi 03 HRN:142; BQT:987; SNS:235 



ritan : to defecate 

reman : dirty discharges from eyes etc. 



Persian 03 HRN:142; BQT:987,990 



ridan : defecate 

rim : dirt, evil 
dirty discharge from the eye 









W 



Avestan / Sanskrit 
03 WLD1:136; AEF:20 



ari, arika, araeka: 

enemy, hostility, hatred 



Persian 


ffl BQT:33; AEF:20,21 












arig : hostility, hatred 










<&'> 


CP T 


fig : animosity, also hated, enemy, 


dung 








e?j 


Ferdowsf 


kij oU Jji <0 


<yj 


ijb 


u 


. i-J qJS j j> <0 


^JojiS 


oW 



w 



Avestan 03 pok:327-331 



arati : energy 

aranu, ham-aranu : hostile coincidence, fight, competition^ Sem 1 

ham-ara, ham-aratha -.opponents ®"sem 1 

rana 1 : fighter 
artha : affa/r 






Latin 03ahd 



Oriri : to appear, rise (sun) 
rivUS : stream 



English 



orient, origin, abort 
rival, derive 



Germanic 03 ahd 



n-nwan : to run 
art : to be 



English 



run 
are 



Indo-European 03 pok:327 



Er1, Or 



Er1 Ere 2 



PART 2 



~X 



to set in motion, excite 



SEE OTHER PART ( S ) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



Indo-European 

03 POK:339 



Ergh :to excite, 
tremble 



r 



Avestan 03 pok:339 



eregant : angry, 
evil 



Sogdian 03 S0D:57 



'rgnt: greedy 



Persian 03 bqt:32 



argandeh : angry ojjfjl , oJJJjjT , oJJijI 



Greek 03ahd 



org-eyo, orxeisthai : to dance 



I 



French 



orchestre 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:205 



orkestr: 



j*») j 



English 03 ahd 



orchestra 



Er2 



Erdh 



see root : Ere 1 
see root: Ered 



Indo-European 03 pok:332 



Ere 1, Re, Er 2 



: to split, loosen 






Avestan 03 POK:332; SYN:863; BRT:193 



areda, aredha : side, half 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



rams : having intervals between, full of empty spaces, sparse 

rete, retis : net 



English 03 ahd 



rare 
retina 



Ere 2 



see root : Eres 1 



127 



Erebu Ered 



W 



Akkadian 03 akd:64; kln:550 



~X 



Erebu 



to enter, to go down (sunset) 



Arabic 03 akd:640,854 



gj.b-.tosetfsun) 

magreb : sunset west 

Magreb al aqsa : "wast of the extreme", Morocco 



Persian 03 mon 



garb : west ( ^ j. t ^>Jjt ) ^>J. 



w 



Italian 03 ahd:854 



MarOCCO : Morocco 



Arabic 



Marakes 



Persian 



Marakes : Morocco J^\j*> 

MON6:1946 derives this from a different Arabic root. 



v» 



w 



Hebrew 03 AKD:64; KLN:550 



'erebh: sunset west 



English 03 AHD:854; NAT:163 



Morocco 



I, 



(•Greek 03 KLN:550; AHD:452 



europa : land of sunset 



Latin 03ahd:452 



europa : Europe 



I 



French 



Europe 



h 


Persian 


' 




W 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



Europe 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:339,1167; KLN:1097 



A 



Ered, Erdh, Weredh, Werdh : to grow, high 



Avestan 03 P0K:339,1167 



eredva : high 

vared, vard, ward : up, 

high, growing 



Persian UJ HRN:39,210; BQT:227,1848; FFD:35 



Vala : great, high 

balTdan : to grow, boast 

Sana? ' J^\[> j} jljj Xol ' Jiiii - ' J^J^ji <t>lj> 

See root "Bhel" for derivation of Persian "balesh 1: pillow". 









Avestan / Sanskrit 
03 POK:1167 



Vi-Vard : to grow out®" Wi 



Persian UJ BQT:1848; HRN:210; MON:3427 



govalidan : to grow ( J|^ ( &i)l\f ) ^1/ 



Tfyai 



FFD:75 derives these words from Old Persian "wi-ward" 



Old Persian 03 ffd:75 



Ward : to grow 
Wi-Ward : to grow out 



Greek 03 POK:1167; KLN:1097 



OrthoS : correct, right 



English 



Ortho- -.correct 

orthodox, orthogonal, orthodontics, orthopedics 



12S 



Erek Erek 



Indo-European 03 pok:335 
Erek:ffea, mite 



^\ 



W 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:335 



liksa : louse, flea € 



Latin 03 pok:335 



nanus : flea 



Persian 03 HRN:137; BQT:952 


resk : flea eggs Sjij 








English 03ahd:1116 






ricin : a poisonous protein 



125 



Eres 1 Eres 1 



W 



V 

W 



Indo-European 03 pok:335 



~X 



tTGS 1 : to flow, to be wet 

trSGIl: ejector of semen, male 

r\ OS : dew 

C. TS : to be in motion 

tTG £. : to have bad will 



Avestan / Old Persian 

ffl POK:336; AHD:1480; SOD:414 



arsan, varesna : man, hem 

XSaya-arsan : hero among kings or king of men 
^ Ksei 1 
arsan-aspa : (with) male horses ^Ekwos 
Syava-arsan : (with) black male animals^ Kei 1 



Persian 03 BQT:1119; FNI:34 


AfSan : "man, masculine" 


lW 


Xasayar: "king of men" 


j\At> 


Arsasp : "with male horses" 




STyavaS : "with black horses" 


J*y***> 



w 



Pahlavi 03 mon:3329 



VUSn, gUShn -.male 
gusn-asp : (with) male 
horses Ekwos 



Sogdian 03 S0D:414 



Persian 03 BQT:1821; HRN:206; MON6:1706; FSF:297 



gOSn, gOSan : male, strong, husband, big, wide 
gOSni : insemination 



Gosnasp : "with male horses", a male name (u-w^w&S ) u-wJjiS 



Avestan 03 POK:336; AHD:1115; SOD:339 



ranha : vein 

ranha : a mystical river. Former name of Volga was Rha. 
raevaS : rhubarb, grown on Rha (Volga) banks. 



Pahlavi 

03 SOD:339 



rahg : vein 
rag : vein 



Persian 
03 SOD:339 



rag : vein ^5 ) 



w 



Persian 03 bqt:991 



rivand : rhubarb 



< 0*'#J > ^J 



W 



Greek 

03 AHD:1115 



rha : rhubarb 

rheon 



Latin 03ahd:1115 



rha : rhubarb 

rheu-barbarum : foreign rhubarb^ Baba 



English 



rhubarb 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:337 



araska : enmity 



w 



Sogdian 03 S0D:56 



'r'sk:6 



Persian 03 bqt:952 



arask, Task : envy, zeal Sji~) , Sjij\ 

Fairokht JU*al 4ji jj_3l i_w« «j_J 4j _ j>jL3 ^Jji y lSjJ Sji") jl 'y 






Latin 03ahd 



rOS-mariS : sea dew 



English 03 ahd 
Rosemary 



Germanic 03 ahd 



res : rushing 



English 



race : compete 



Latin 03 AHD; POK:336 



errare : to wander 



English 



130 



Eres 2 Es-ti 



Indo-European 03 pok:335 

Eres 2: 



~X 



to pierce 



W 



^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:335; KNT:172; TZF:31 



arsti, astra 2 : a short spear 
arsti-bara : spear man (carrier) ** Bher 1 
U-arstika : good spear man ^Su 1 



Persian 03 bqt:751, tzf:31 



Xest 2 : a short s 



r,. 



C-J>-U ? jj> O fij* ^ I j^ 3 yj» ^> 



vrs-o-Ramm C-J>-ljjL) I ) i'}lx*0 £~&> J <U*> 



lU) I j O 1 -^ 3 *" 



Ergh 



Ers 



Ersen 



Es 1 



see root: Er 1 

see root ; Eres 1 

see root ; Eres 1 

see root: Aidh 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:340,341,342; IEC:254 



A 



Es 2, Es-ti : 



Avestan 03 POK:340; KNT:214; IEC:254 ► 



ahmi: lam 

asti : It is 

hant, hat : true, real 

haithya : true 






Persian UJ 


IEC:250,254; MON:260,345 




astan 
ast 1 


: to be 
is 






Or-* 1 


-am: 


(1) am 






r'- 


Hafez 






^ )3/' 



Old Persian 03 POK:340,341; KNT:214 



amiy:;am 
hasiya : true 



Germanic 03 ahd 



IZmham 

isti : is 

Sljai : may it be so, yes 



English 


03 


AHD 


am 






IS 






yes 







Latin 03 ahd 



French 03 ahd ►- 



Persian 03 V0P:43 



esans : essence 



0~" 



3UI 



v» 



English 03 ahd 



v» 



English 03 ahd 



absent, interest, present, entity, proud 



V* 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:254, AHD:1298 



asti : is 

SU-asti, SVasti : well being, goodluck^'Su 1 



English 03ahd:1298 



SWastica, Swastika : an ancient religious symbol 
adopted in 1935 as an emblem of Nazi Germany 



Es-ti 



see root: Es 2 



131 



Esu Eu 1 



Esu 



see root : Su 1 



Indo-European 03 POK:344; IEC:1347; WLD1:264 
tlGT : internal (insignificant) organs 



v* 



Avestan 


03 POK:344 




XV-athra: insignificant, low in 
dllS-athra : not insignificant, 
difficult^ Dus 

su-athra:? ®"su 1 


value 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:110,127 



xar 
dusxvar 



^ 



h 


Persian 

03 BQT:780,866; HRN: 






10,127 




Xar 1 : of low value 


M 




dosvar : difficult 


vy* 1 ^ 




See root "Xwar" for 






a different derivation 





E-tero 



see root: 12 



Indo-European 03 pok:344; kln:545 



~X 



Eti 



: above, beyond 






Avestan 03 KLN:545; KNT:166 



aiti 1 : over, beyond 



Old Persian 03 knt:166 



ati : beyond 



Latin 03 kln:545 



et : and 

et-Ce-terT : :and other things^ I 2, Ki 2 



English 03 ahd 



et cetera 



Germanic 03 kln:545 



ith : back, again, water flowing back, whirlpool 



English 03 ahd 



eddy, eddy current 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:345 



~X 



Eu 1, Ewan, Wa 



: to be empty 



Avestan 03 POK:345; KLN:1687 



Una, Una, Uyamna : empty, needing 



h 


Persian ffl POK:345; HRN:243; BQT:2293 


' 




Vang 1 : empty, poor ' J^o 




Mansur Shfrazf S$$ ^ fS <£**A 3 iJjlLp fiJJ O0 5 




HUB:105 has doubts about this etymology. 






Latin 03 ahd 



Vastus : empty, waste 
Vacare : to be empty, vacant 
VanUS : empty, vain 



English 03 ahd 



waste 

vacate, vacuum, vacation, void, avoid 

vain, vanity, vanish 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Wanaton : lacking, needing 



English 03 ahd 
want 



Eueguh | Ey 



Eueguh 
Eu-es 
Ewan 
Ewegwh 
Ew-es 
_Ey 



see root: Wegwh 

see root: Wes 3 

see root : Eu 1 

see root: Wegwh 

see root: Wes 3 

see root: Ei 



133 



Frankon | Fra-sanga 



F 



Old French ffl ahd:522,1515 



nrSnKOn : free people, conquerors, 
referring to the Germanic tribe 
which conquered Gaul about 500 AD. 
This is a Frankish word. 



W 



Old French 03 ahd:522 



franc : free 

France : land of free people 



W 



Arabic 03 hjb:352 



faranji, al-faranji : French, European 



V k 



^ 



A 



Persian 03 mon:2528 



Faranseh : France ( fr}$i\j$ , Si\ji ) <Uilji 



Persian 03 bqt:1471 



farangT : European ( jiijil , i)\lSiji ) Sij 

Bahar JJ^ ^u**Si jB {)y%<J> Zy» 0' JV ^ ^-^'^ 



English 03 AHD; KLN:614 



Frank, Franc, France, Franklin, franchise 



Old Persian 03 hrn:182 



rra~SanC|a : a distance of about five kilometers 



W 



W 
^ 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1462 



farsang 



Persian 03 MON:743,2517; BQT:1462 



farsang : a distance of about 5 kilometers 
farsaX : Arabic pronunciation of "farsang" 



Greek 

03 KLN:1127 



parsanges 



Latin 03ahd:952 



parsanga 



English 03 ahd:952 






parsang : an ancient Persian unit of distance (3.5 miles) 



134 



F.r.q | Fsan 



Arabic 03 kln:1637 



~X 



r . T. C| : to split, divide 
Taf rtq : distribution 



h 


Persian LLI fva:313 


' 




farq : difference, dividing line <3 J 




3\ji , <&fi , $Jj , £ 3J \i , &J& 




«ji < «}ilfl < i3}^ < cJjU* 




TOrqan : aM/fy to distinguish (between good and bad), Koran \\& A 




Molavt (JX* y^ji jl }l !_) jJ^U J j? ■ (JX* ^l)b J jS ji>jS ji> jy 



V* 



^ 



Italian 03 kln:1637 



traffico : traffic 

traficare : to trade 

KLN:1637 claims "traffico" is possibly from 

Arabic "tafrfq: distribution", influenced 

by Latin "traficere: to take over". 



French 03 kln:1637 



trafic 



Persian 


trafiC : traffic S»s\j> 








English 03 kln:1637 






traffic 



Avestan 03 hrn:24 



Flair 



spread, sprinkle 



W 



Avestan ffl hrn:24 



aiwi-fsan : spread over, 
spread around ^ Ambhi 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1492 



afsantan : to sprinkle 



^ 



~x 



Persian 03 HRN:24; BQT:1492; AEF:137 



afsandan : to sprinkle, scatter ( AX^lii ) ^\ii\ii' 

afshan : scattered \\&}' 

afsun : rake (for spreading sand, etc.) i\«d<$ 

Hafez Ob <l> j^ 4j Xoj l5j^> <0 «u5 ^l j 



135 



Gabbah | Galgh 



G 



Iranian 03afm:123 



A 



Gabbah 



dome, vault, blister 



*■ I Persian UJ MON:2894,2898 



kobbeh : pile, heap (£$)£$ 

kapTdan : to pile up < ^x^S 



^ I Arabic 03 fvf:520; / 



qabbah : it was arched, bent 
al-qubbah : the arch, vaulted tent 
q.b.b : to be bent, crooked, vaulted 
KLN:46 claims these words are from 
the Semitic root "q.b.b: to be bent" 



h 


Persian ffl MON:2637; VGH:94; FVA:323 






p 
qobbeh : dome, vault ( u*>U ) CS 



w 



^ 



Spanish 03 kln:46 



alcoba : arched a 



French 03 kln:46 



alcove 



English 03 KLN:46; TYL:567 



alcove : a recessed section in a r 



Gag 



see root: Kak4 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:351 



~X 



Gal, Galgh, Galagh -.to shout, compiai 



Avestan 03 pok:351 



gareZ : to complain 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1832 



gilak : complaint 



Persian 03 bqt:1832 



geleh : complaint i}$ 

Hafez 1 -j5 J «JJj>-j3 jJUj <L*X* ^1 l) 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kail : to shout 



English 



call 



Galagh 



Galgh 



see root: Gal 
see root: Gal 



136 



Indo-Schythian ffl ISS:27 
o3n : to seize 



w 



W 
^ 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:27 



Uysgani : vulture 



Sogdian 03 ISS:27; SOD:163 



gnw, gan : power, force, skill 



Gan Garenu 



~x 



Persian 03 ISS:27; BQT:1023 



Zagan : a black bird (kite) •A\ 

Rudakt • Ij ^L<jJ Sy i Syw j£ U 



Indo-European 03 pok:352 



oanC| : to mock, hum 



v* 



Sanskrit 
03 POK:352 



gunj : to hum 



w 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:3418; BQT:1844 



gung : dumb 



^ 



A 



Persian 03 HRN:209; BQT:1844 



gong : deaf, dumb Sj$ 

Fairokht jljf Jj-> y ij" /■ jJJI <0 jjAil il) jS 



Avestan 03 HUB:95; SYN:516 



Gantuma : wheat 

Cognate with Sanskrit "godhuma". 



v* 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:209 



gantum : wheal 



^ 



~x 



Persian 03 BQT:1842; MON:3411 



gandom : wheaf ( iX^liS , Sj>11$ ) fliS 

gandomgunrivheafco/ored^^Geu AaXflJJO 

gandom-ba : wheaf soup ^Pekw ( L PliS ) [>?liS 

Hafez o^wql U (Ol <^j-&) jjj <0 <GD ^l ^ 



Avestan 03 bqt:1779 



Garenu : 



scab oh animal skih 



W 



Pahlavi 03mon:3211 



gar 2 : scad 



^ 



Persian 03 HRN:200; BQT:1779; MON:3211 



gar 3 : scab on skin (causing baldness) ( L5 r ) r 

gargen : one who has scab, bald ( >yj J ) *3 J 

Naser-Khosrow ' j> cji'j \ij 'S 'jjiji j*J l_5 1 ii*J ' jS J^J- 



137 



Gargelos | Gei 



Gargelos 



see root: Gwer3 



Akkadian 03 hrn:199 



Gassu: 



► Avestan 03 hrn:199 



1 



VlCICa : mortar, gypsum 
^ I Old Persian 03 hrn:199 



gac : chalk 

MON and HUB:90 derive this word from Arabic word 

"jass" which is derived from the same Akkadian root. 



Persian 03 SNS:310 



gac : chalk J) 



w 



Greek 03 AHD:588; AKD:32 



gupSOS : gypsum 



Arabic 03 BQT:1776; TAD:20 



jabsin, jass, jafsin -.chalk 



Persian 03 bqt 



jabsin : chalk 



(yS*"*r> 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



gypsum 



English 



gypsum 



Indo-European 03 IEC:388 



~X 



Gaulos : 



w 

^ 



Greek 03 AHD:539; IEC:388 



gaulos, galea : merchant ship 



Latin 03ahd:539 



galeota, galea : ship 



Persian 03 AEC:388; BQT:1044 


ZOWraq : boat 3jij 
ZOWraqT : a boat-shaped hat J ,« j 






► 


English 03 ahd:539 




galleon, galiot, galliot, galley 



Ge 



Gebh 



see root: Gei 
see root: Geph 



Indo-European 03 pok:355 



~X 



Gei, Ge, Gh 



to sing, song 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:355; KLN:169 



ga 1 : to sing 

gata : song, religious hymn 



Persian UJ MON6:1648; MON:3190; KLN:169 



gat : Zoroasfrian religious songs (W*0 ) Ou 

gah 1 : music, tune ( o0 )\Ai> t OU <W ) OU 



Sanskrit 03 pok:355 



ga : to sing 

gayatT : sings 
bhagavant-gita : sound 

of sublime Bhag 



Old Persian 03 mon:4878 



nigay: praise 



Pahlavi 03 mon:4878 



nigayisn:pra/se 



Persian UJ bqt:2224 



niyayes : praise L>\ 



u 



^ 



^ 



English 03 kln:169 



Bhagavad-Gita 



138 



Gel Gem 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:357-364, SYN:908; IEC:303 

Gel, Geli, Gelu, Glue, Geleb, Gelu 

to form into a ball, stick together 



^\ 



Persian UJ IEC:303 



guy : ball, also competition in any game 

Hafez ei-JsiJi |*jt> VJ yJ> J >yS yJ> J*%*& - J^l 



i <6 *, 



>Ua9 (Jy y j^j Ja9u> 



Sanskrit 03 pok:357, 361 



glav, gula, glau-h : parcel, ball 



h 


Persian 03 POK:361; MON:3382; BQT:1861 






gulleh : ball, bullet i\£ 

goluleh : burnt t}J$ 



Latin 03ahd; 



globus : ball 
gluten : glue 



French 



globule 



Persian 03 mon:3363 



golobiil : globule Jyj£ 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



globe, globule 
glue 






Germanic 03 ahd 



klukjan : to clutch 



English 03 ahd 



clutch 



h 


Persian UJ mon:3015 
kelac : clutch r % 

& 





Germanic 03 ahd 



klub : a lump or group 



French 



club 



h 


Persian UJ mon:3039 


' 




klub : a club or association u->*J5 



English 



club 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kling : to cling 

klimban : to hold on, climb 

klud : , a hill, rock, cloud 

klamp, klump, klut : a wooden shoe, clumsy person 

klaijo : sticky mud 




Geleb 



Geli 



Gelu 



Gelu 



Gem 



see root: Gel 

see root: Gel 

see root: Gel 

see root: Gel 

see root: Geme 



139 



Geme Gen 



Indo-European 03 pok:369 
GeiTie, Gem : to marry 






Avestan 

03 POK:369; HRN:117; IEC:402 



jama : kinship (daughter) 
Zama-tar : son-in-law ®"Tsr 3 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:402 



jama : daughter 



Greek 03ahd 



gamOS : wedding 



Pahlavi 03 mon:1487 



damat : bride c 



Persian 03 bqt:817 



English 03 ahd 



~X 



damad : son-in-law, iUb 

bride groom 



-gamy, gamo-, polygamy 



Geme-tar 



Gen 



see root: Ter3 
see root: Gno 



140 



Gene 1 Gene 2 



W 



^ 

^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:373 



~X 



Gene 1 : to give birth to 



Avestan 03 POK:373; SOD:462 



Zan 1 : to give birth to 
Zata 1 : born 



a-Zata 1 : free born, noble 
ni-Zati : race, generation 
fra-Zaintis : offspring, child cr Pev 1 



W 



Sogdian ffl sod:462 



Zfl : to give birth to 



h 


Persian 03 POK:373; BQT:34,995,1459,2134; HRN:181,231 


' 




zadan, zaTdan : to give birth to ( y| \ , ^Xol j ) ,vl j 




mirzai: Nobel born, title of respect^ K .m.r \)yJ> 




azad:free i\)\ 




nezad:race i\\i 




farzand : child jjj i 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:376; knt:21 1 



Zana 1 : human being 



Sanskrit 03 pok:375 



ja : made of 

krmi-ja : a red dye "made of worms''^ War 2 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:1527 
qermez : red y> 1 





w 



Arabic 03 kln:373 



qirmiz:rerf 



English 03 kln:373 



crimson, carmine, kermes 



W 



Latin 03ahd 



gener, gent, genius, 
ingenium, germen, 
natus (gnatus), prae-gnas 



French 



Persian 03 mon 






^ 



English 03 ahd 



genius, engine, engineer, general, gentle 
pregnant, generation, nation, nature, Noel 



W 



Greek 03 ahd 



genOS : race, family 
eU-genOS : wellborn cr Su 1 



French 



Persian 03 mon 



UJjV < Ot*"^' < Oj 



0J3J' 



^ 



English 



gene, oxygen, hydrogen, Eugene 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kundjaz : family 
kundigaz : royal born, king 



English 



kind, king 



Gene 2 



see root. 



Gno 



141 



Genu 1 | Geph 



Indo-European 03 pok:381 
GenU 1 -.angle, knee 






Avestan 03 POK:381; SOD:184 



ZnU, Znum:knee 



Sogdian 03 S0D:184 



jnwwq : knee 



Greek 03 pok:381 



gonia : angle, corner 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kniwam : knee 



^\ 



Persian 03 bqt:1000 



ZanU : knee 



y'J 



Persian UJ mon 


9Unia : set-square, right angle wy 








English 03 ahd 






diagonal, pentagon, polygon 



English 



knee, kneel 



Indo-European 03 pok:381 



Genu 2: 



chin, jaw bone 



W 






Avestan 

03 POK:381;SYN:221 



zanu, zanva-. chin 



Sanskrit 03 pok:381 



hanU : jaw, chin 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kinnUZ : chin 



^\ 



h 


Persian 03 SYN:221; BQT:1036; HRN:148; VIE:12 


' 




zanax : chin ( /\|j3sij ) «j 

caneh : chin <oU 

i 

Hafez A ji 4j ^L<vwi) ij j (Jjj <0 U>ji> 



English 



chin 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:382 



Geph, Gebh: 



~X 



Avestan 

03 POK:382; KLN:833; SYN:221; DZA:58 



Zaf- : mouth 
Zaf-an : mouth 
Zaf-ar : mouth 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:1024; HRN:589,663 


' 




dahan : mouth ■*[&} 




Zafar : mouth i j 




«L» ^j-^ 0^~i j^k) 




Ferdowsf ol ) <0 O-US.9 0^5 } U 3 } 



v* 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kabal :jaw 

kaf : to chew 



English 03 KLN:264,833 



jowl :jaw 
Chafer : a beetle 



142 



Ger 1 Ger 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:385 



u6r 1 '.crooked, curved, round object 



Sanskrit 03 pok:386 



grath, granth: knot 



Old Persian 03bqt:1803 



gratha : knot, tie 

gravatha : assemblage, group 



W 



Pahlavi 03vfO:25 



groh : s 



w 

w 



Italian 03 ahd:582,1516 



grappo : assemblage 



French 



groupe 



Germanic 03 ahd 



grappon : a hook used for harvesting grapes 



W | Old English 03 ahd | »- 



~x 



Persian 03 BQT:1803; MON:3280 



gereh : knot 



"J 



h 


Persian 03 mon 






goruh : group oji 



English 



group 



English 



grape 



English 



cripple, creep, crutch, crank, crumb, crop, crib, cradle, cart 



^ 



Dutch 03 AHD 



crulle 

This is a Middle Dutch word. 



English 



curl 



143 



Ger 2 Ger 2 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:390 



~X 



o6r £, oTGnO : to become ripe, grow old 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:390 



Zar 2 : to grow old 
Zarman : old man 

zaryyan, zaurya:o«fi 



a-Zarema-dligeda : ageless woman 
^Ne 1 & Dheugh 
Zara-UStra : "with old came/s' ,c *"wes 1 
Some references (BQT:1011) link "zara" to 
the Indo-European root "Ghel:yellow", thus 
"zara-ustra" means (with) yellow camels. 



Persian 03 hrn:143 


POK:390 


BQT:36,1015,1017 


zar 2 : old 






<i>^jj 


) r ;3 


zal : old 








Jlj 


Zar 1 : ///, weak 








'h 


zarvan : time 








objj 


AzarmTdoxt : 


"ageless woman" 


C-J*-Xjfl)jl 


ZartOSt : Zoroaster 




Gm*W j) i 


U-vWjJ 



Pahlavi 03 mon:199 



arzan : m///sf 



Persian 03 IEC:406 



arzan :mmet < 0;; 1 > Ojj 1 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:406 



jirna : caraway seed 



Persian 03 IEC:406 



zireh : c 



/seed ( 1)8 jj ) 



>.°ji)>°ji) 



Latin 03ahd 



granum : grain 



Italian 



granitO : grained, 

grained rock 



French 

03 KLN:674 



ranite 



qrar 



Persian 03 mon:3223 



geranTt : hard rock c^j\ S 



English 03 kln:674 



granite 



V» 



English 03 ahd 



grain, granule, gravy, pomegranate 



W 



Middle German 03 ahd 



Karl : (grown and mature) man 



| French / English 



Persian 03 mon 



i/^J^ < WiJ^ ' JM '^-M "-^ 



English 



Carl, Karl, Carolina, Charles 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



karnam : c 



English 



144 



Ger 3 Ger 4 



Indo-European 03 pok:391 
u6r O : to awaken 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 pok:391 



gar 1 : to wake up 

a-gara-yeiti : wakes up 



Pahlavi 03 pok:391 



VigraS : to awaken 
Wigrad : awake 



h 


Persian 03 mon:621 
b\dar: awake jlxo 





Greek 03ahd 



gregoriOUS : awake, watchful 



Latin 



gregonous 



English 



Gregory, Gregorian 



Indo-European 03 pok:383; ieC:308 



~X 



Ger 4, Gurr, Gur6: 



to cry hoarsely, growl 



Sanskrit 03 pok:383 



W I Germanic 03 ahd 



jarate : to cry loudly 



kre, kr6, kur : to cry, growl 
kranu : crane 






Greek 03ahd:1516 



geranOUS : crane 



Latin 03 AHD; IEC:308 



grUS : crane 
gurriO : churr, croon 



Persian 03 MON:2411; IEC:308 



gorridan : to grow/ ( Jiy> , ^|^£ , j; ) ^i/Ji 



Persian 03 HRN:143; BQT:995 



zar2: 



<tsj'j> t j'j 



English 03 IEC:308; AHD 



crow, crack, croon, cur 
crane 



English 03 ahd 



geranium 



145 



Geu 1 Geu 1 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:394-398; POK:588-592 



GeU 1, GU: to bend 

Keu 1, Keup, Kumb, Kub, 

KeLlb, KeUK 2 : to bend, curved, hump 
Compare with root "Karri 2:to bend" 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 pok:398 



gaosaka : c 



Persian UJ bqt:1859 



guseh:c 



Uy 



Persian UJ bqt:1731 



KUSK : a room at the top corner of a castle, castle 



{Wy ) u2*«y 



W 



Turkish 

03 KLN:847 



kiosk -.pavilion 



French 



kiosque 



Persian UJ mon:3160 



kTusk : kiosk S*»y$ 



English 03 kln:847 



kiosk 



Avestan 03 SYN:1051; SNS:90 



gaona : hair, hair color 

hamo-gaona: a// co/ors (everyone,) ^Sem 1 

nT-gaona : downward^ NT 1 



Sogdian 03 SQP:174 



gwn'k:ha/r 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:671 



gon : color 
Cigon: how 

hamogen : an 

ni-kun : downward 



Persian 03 BQT:1861; MON:3473 



gun : color ( XoA < ^^J , 4j£?; ) ^ 

negun : downward ( jLiyi , btfij»> ) 0^ 

Zargun : golden, a yellow mineral GY\e\ \S y \ 



W 



French 



jargon : a yellow 
mineral 



English 

03 AHD:1489 



zircon, zirconium 



Persian 



^yyj 



w 



W 



Avestan 


03 POK:394 


gunda:oa// of dough 




Pahlavi 


03 POK:396 


gumbat 


dome 



Persian 03 HRN:209; BQT:1843 



gondeh : a lump of dough, I 



o«LO 



Persian 03 MON:3396; BQT:1836 



gonbad : dome 






Persian 03 POK:395; POK:589; LAT:488 



gUZ : a lump on the back bone 
giJZak : anMe 






^ 

L 
^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:178 



kaufa : mountain 



Greek 03ahd 



gurOS : ring 



14! 



English 



gyroscope 



Geu 1 Geu 2 



W I Avestan 03 POK:591 ,592; KLN:391 



Indo-European 03 POK:394-398; POK:588-592 



GeU 1, GU: to bend 

Keu 1, Keup, Kumb, Kub, 

KeLlb, KeUK 2 : to bend, curved, hump 
See and compare with root "Kam:to bend" 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



kaofa : mountain 
XUmba : bent container, pot 



W 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:195 



Kof : mountain 
XOmbak:ajar 



Persian 03 BQT:768,1739; 


WLD1:376 


kuh : mountain 


•/ 


kohan : camel's hump 


( i&f ) $*$ 


XOm :jar 

Ferdowst ^ J_^ 


43y j JiJil^J 



w 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:395,588 



kava : humped 
fra-kava : humped front 
apa-kava : humped back 



Latin 03ahd 



CUppa : curved-in pot 
Cymbalon : curved-in 
plate 



Arabic 

03 ARK:223; TAD:44 



koab : cup 
akvab : cups 

Sanj : cymbal 



Persian 


03 MON:332,1336 


TAD:44 




akvab 


cups, jars 




V>ly I 


Sanj : cymbal ( m^ ) m^ 
See root "Keg" for another possible derivation. 



English 



cup, hump, cymbal 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



haup : heap 



English 



heap, hip, high, height 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:399 
GeU 2, GeUa: to hasten 



A 



Avestan 03 POK:399; BQT:148 ► 



Zavah, Zavar : power, force 

api-zawar : tool 



Persian ffl pok:399 


BQT:148 


HRN:149 










ZUf 1 : force, power 












S M 


Zavar : power, force 












ji'j 


ZaV : powerful, strong 












& 


abzar, afzar : tools 










jl>l 


M 


For a different derivation of "abzar & afzar" see 


rool 


"Ghe 


2". 





w 



Avestan 03 POK:399; HUB:16 



Zava : haste 

aiwi-Zavayeiti : adds up^Ambhi 



Persian 03 POK:399; BQT:1043; HRN:149; HUB:16 



ZUfJ : fast soon 
afzudan : to increase 



03? < itfj* 1 < uM? 1 



W 
^ 



Old Persian 03 SOD:103 



abi-javaya : to increase ^Ambhi 



Sogdian 03 SOD:103 



bj'w : to ii 



147 



Geu 3 Ghaise 



Indo-European 03 pok:400 



~X 



Geu 3, Gyeu, Gieu -.to chew 



W 



W 
^ 



Old Persian 03 pok:400 



jutan : to chew 



h 


Persian ffl kln:275 


' 




javidan : to chew < (j^J\% , ^ fe ) ^jj^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kewwan : to chew 



English 03 kln:274 



chew 



Geua 



Geulo 



see root: Geu 2 
see root: Dhogh 



Indo-European 03 pok:399 



~X 



Geus 



to love, favor, choose 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:399; knt:189 ► 



ZaOSO : to agree 
ZUStO : favorite 
daUStar : friend 



Persian 03 HRN:130; BQT:897 



dlJSt: friend 



C-w«0 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kiusan : to choose 



English 



choose, choice 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:377 



gUStUS : fasfe 
dis-gOUSt:d/s/*e 



English 



disgust 



Indo-European 03 pok:409; CEL5:7 

Ghaido: 



A 



goaf 



W 

L 
^ 



Armenian 03 CEL5:7; mon:1712 



jag : young beast 



Persian 03 CEL5:7; MON:1712 



Zaq : young of any animal (J| \ 

Zciq-dan : womb^ See Dh8 2 Jjilj 



Germanic 03ahd:1517 



gat : goat 



English 03 ahd 



goat 



Ghaise 



see root: Ghei 2 



14S 



Ghait Ghdes 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:410 

Ghait, Ghaita :iraj/i« 



~X 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:410; kln:264 



gaesa, gaesu : hair 
ges, gesuk-.hair 



Persian 03 POK:410; BQT:1870 



giS : hair ( yj) ) )J ^S 

Hafez }y} y (^yi <U^L> 'j\ <J»^ < r J^ Jj> U 



W 
^ 



Greek 03ahd 



Xaite : long hair 



English 03 ahd 



Chaeta : bristle v 



Ghaita 



see root: Ghait 



Indo-European 03 pok:412; ieC:314 
GhanS: goose 



A 



Persian ffl IEC:314; MON:2375 



gaz : goose 






Sanskrit 03 UEC:314; POK:412 



hamsih : 



Germanic 03ahd:1517 



gans, ganr, ganoton : goose 



English 03 ahd 



goose, gander, gannet 



Latin 03 ahd 



anser, hanser: 



Greek 03 IEC:314 



khen:c 



Ghau 



Ghazal 



Ghdes 



see root : Gnu 1 
see root: G.z.l 
see root: Ghdies 



145 



Ghdhem Ghdhem 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:414; SYN:16; AHD:1513 

Ghdhem, Dhehem: earth 



~x 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 ahd; bqt:1032; knt:177 



Zam : earth 



w 



Persian 



Zamin: earth 



C^J 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:177 



U-Vara-Zm\ : good ... land^ Su 1 

The meaning of "vara" is not clear 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian ffl BQT:22(lntroduction),781; MON5:488 



huvarazmis, xvarazmis, xvarizem: 

An ancient city believed to be one of the original residences of the 
Aryan people (Airyanemwaejo). Now it is known as "Khiva" in central 
Asia between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, along the Amu Darya 



L. 



Persian UJ BQT:781,805; MON5:488,491; KLN:49 


Xarazm , Kharazm : a city in central Asia, modern Khiva 




fjj'j* 


XarazmT : from Kharazm 




yiM 


XTveh, XTvaq : Kharazm 




i3 v** * by*?* 


Hafez JJjsc* U fjj'^ V {£& CUwbo JO - Jjww>5 0.3~^ 




OjJ y> b&\& 


Kharazmf is surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammad ebn Musa, the great 






mathematician of the ninth century. His great work "Al-Jabrwal 






Moqabeleh" introduced the Arabic numerals and Algebra in Europe. 







w 



Arabic 



AI-AWarazmT : the ninth century mathematician 



W 



Middle Latin 03 ahd:33; kln:49 



algorismUS : the Arabic systi 



'em of numerals 



W 



French 

03 AHD:33 



algorisme, 
algorithme 



Persian 03vop:17 



algoritm : a type of computational 
procedure 



pijjyJI 



^ 



English 03 kln:49 



algorism, algorithm 



W 



Old Persian 03 knt:177 



Ufj-Zma, UZma : grown up from ground^" 'ud 1 



W 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



humUS : earth 
homo : man 
humanUS : kind 



English 



humble, humility 
human, homicide 
humane 



Greek 03 ahd 



gumon:man 



English 



bridegroom 



150 



Ghdies Ghe 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:416 



~X 



Ghdies, Ghdes, Ghies, Ghes 



yester 






Avestan 03 POK:416; KLN:1762 



Zy6 : yester 



Pahlavi 



dik 



Persian 03 mon:1588 



dl : yester ( l _JSjO < jj j£i ) ^ [Si 



Sogdian 03 S0D:94 



'zyy-myd: yesterday 



Germanic 03 ahd 



ges-ter : yestei 



English 



yester, yesterday 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:418; kln:666 



~X 



Ghe 1, Ghei 3:togo, to let go, also to go without (lack) 
Ghj-ghe-me : ; reach, meet with 



Avestan 03 POK:418; KLN:666 


Za 1 : to go 




a-Za : go to, go near^^ Apo 




UZ-Za, UZayantO : to spring up, burst open ^Ud 1 




ZazatTH : 1 dismiss 




ava-Zazami : ; let off (remove),^ Au 2 




fra-zazami, upa-zazami : to let to, forward®" upo 


Par 1 



w 

L 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



gee-n : to c 



English 



go, ago, forego 



Latin 03 ahd 



hereS : one who goes without parents, orphan 



English 



heir, heredity, heritage, inherit 



Ghe 2 



see root: Ki 2 



151 



Ghebh-el Ghei 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:423 
Ghebh-el : head, top 



Greek 

03 POK:423; KLN:259 



kephale : head 



w 



Italian 03 tad:65 



CUffia : headband, scarf 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



gabl : top 



Arabic 03 MON:2769; KLN:259 



qiphaleh, al-qiphal : head 

KLN:259 claims this is of an unknown 
origin and is mistaken with the Greek 
word by translators of Avicena 



W 



Latin 03 kln:259 



CephalicUS : head 



Arabic 03 tad:65 



kufiyyah : scarf 



^\ 



Persian 03 mon:2769 



qTfal : head JliJ 



English 03 ahd 



cephalic 



h 


Persian ffl mon:3127 


' 




kufiyyeh : scarf CsS 



English 



gable 



Indo-European 03 pok:419; ieC:418 

Ghei, GhT, Ghia-.toyawn 






Germanic 03ahd:1517 



ginon:yawn 



Greek 03ahd:1517 



Persian UJ IEC:418; MON:2470; FRS:120 



faZ : yawn 

fazTdan : to yawn 

Labfbf yj£\ 45 jl^J ^jli> eZj^jy <0 - }yi <Gy 



Old English 03 ahd:1517 



geonian:yaivn 



khasma : yawning (wide open) gulf 



Old Norse 03ahd:1517 



gap : chasm 

gapa : to open mouth 

geispa : to yawn 






English 03 ahd 



yawn 



English 03 ahd 



chasm 



English 03 ahd 
gap, gape, gasp 



152 



Ghei 1 Ghei 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:425 



~X 



Ghei 1, Ghiem, Ghi, Khai, Kheh 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:425 



Zem : cold 

Zya 1 , ZyaO, Zimo : winter 



w 



w 



Avestan 03 POK:425; KLN:728; SYN:1014 



zaem, zyam -.winter 



Sanskrit 03 pok:425 



hima: snow 

hima-alaya: home of s 



^ 



Persian ffl BQT:1028,1032; FVF:320 



Zam : cold p\ 

Zemestan : winter®* S& d^^J 

areas with cold winters t , t 

Zamhanr : a very cold place j> y&j& \ 

Jiw 0JJ» \3*U 'yi {j>t¥> AJhJCJ <J> ji 

Manuchehrf jij^i iS^jtt+i ^J'^J^T" ^"^^ )^ 



W 

^ 



Latin B3ahd 



hibemUS : pertaining to winter 



Persian ffl POK:425; SYN:1014 



day : (first month of) winter 

BQT:907 derives this word from the 
Avestan root "datus: creator". See root "Do 2". 



] tji 



h 


Persian ffl MON6:2320 


' 




himalaya : Himalayan mountains wU-J& 



English 



Himalayan 



English 



hibernate 



153 



Ghei 2 Ghei 3 



^ 



Indo-European 03 P0K:41 0,424 



~X 



OilGI £: to propel, move forward 
GhaJSe: spear 



Avestan ffl POK:424; KLN:666; SYN:1384 



Zaena 1 : weapon 
Zaya : tools, equipment 
Zayan : equipped, armed 
Zaen6-hara : hold (your) weapon, 
be care/u/^Dher 1 



^ 



Pahlavi 

03 ISS:16 



abzar : tools 



Persian UJ ISS:16 



abzar, afzar : tools 



jl>l. 



W 



For a different derivation of 
these words see root "Geu 2". 



'ersian ffl BQT:1054; PLA:162; FVF:2 



Zin -.saddle 

ab-Zin : water saddle, bath tub, ship 

apsan : grinding stone 






W 



Arabic 

03 PLA:162; FVQ:171; VDQ:260 



Safari : to peel 

safineh : ship 

AFA:216 disagrees with this derivation 



Persian 03 mon; vgh:74 



Safineh : ship, book (of poems) <UwjLu 



IJ^L- 



jU 



l/u^-* 



Persian 03 HUB:60; HRN:116; BQT:1055 



Zenhar: beware ( jujo} ) )\sj) 



w 



Avestan 03 HRN:149; DRM:290 



Zaena 2 : chain ? 

Zaena-dana : house of chains, prison^ Dhe 2 



Persian 03 hrn:149 



Zanj I r : chain -^3 ) 

zendan : prison tin) 






Avestan 03 pok:424 



Zaemi : eager 

zaeman : active 
zaenah-vant : watchful 



Germanic 03 ahd 



gaizaz : spear 



English 



garlic : (due to its spear shaped leaves) 

auger, garfish 

Oscar, Edgar, Roger, Gerald 



Ghei 3 



see root : Ghe 1 



154 



w 



Indo-European 03 pok:427 



GheiS, GheJZCj: to frighten, 



to be angry 



Avestan 03 POK:427; KLN:655 



Zaesa, Zaesta : terrible, ugly 

ZOisnU : shuddering 

ZOizd-ista : most abominable ** Isto 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:472 



Zyst : ugly 






Germanic 03 ahd 



gaistaz : a ghost 



Gheis Ghel 



~X 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:1021; HRN:147 


' 




Zest : ugly cJij 



English 



ghost 



Gheizd 



see root: Gheis 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:429 



Gheh 



to shine, also a bright yellow color 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 POK:429; KLN:667; SOD:411 



zarena, zari, zaranya, zairita, zareta : golden, yeiio- 



W 



Persian 




03 HRN:145; BQT:1012 


zar1: go « ^jj 


• ^ 


Zard : yellow 


*jj 


Zardak : carrot 


^jj 


ZarniX : arsenic 


JVJJ 



Persian 03 HRN:145; BQT:1012 



Zargun : go/den^* Gsu 1 



i>y. 



oyjj 



w 



French 



jargon : a yellow 
mineral 



English 

03 AHD:1489 



zircon 
zirconium 



Persian 



^yyj 



W 



Arabic 03 SKT:26; KLN:108 



az-zarmx^Ai3 



W 



Greek 

03 KLN:108 



arsenikon 



I Latin 



I French 



Persian UJ V0P:41 



arsenik : 



lXn^M ) 



^ 



English 03 kln:108 



W 



Sogdian 03 SQP:471 



Zym : gold 



w 



w 



^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:189 



daraniya : gold 
daraniya-kara : goldsmith^ Kwer 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:429 



zahr, zara 1 : Me 



Persian 



Zahreh : bile, courage *}^J 



155 



Ghel Gheled 



W 



^ 



Indo-European ffl pok:429 



OllGl : to shine, also a bright yellow color 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03ahd:236 



xl6l"OS : greenish yellow color 
xlorOS-phullon : green leaf (chlorophyll) 
^Bhel 



French 



Persian 03 mon 



kolor : chlorine J$ 



^ 



English 



chlorine, chlorophyll 



Greek 03ahd:817 



XOle : bile 

melan-XOlia : black bile, a disease 1 -^" 'Mel 1 



W 



Latin 



melancholia 



Persian 03 bqt:795,1947 



mallXUlia : me/ancho/y ( \Jj> ) U&JiJU 



W 



Arabic 

03 AFM:59; FVF:223 



Xiyal : imagination 
Arabic "xfyal" is a 
distorted form of Persian 
"xulfa:imagination". 



Persian 03 mon:1466 



Xiyal : imagination ( IXxi ) ijvj* 



0' 



uSji 3 ^w j-A-9 JiS 'j 



J3 



^+- I French 



English 



melancholy 



Wl 



Germanic 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



gold, yellow, glass, 
gloss, glow, glad 



h 


Persian ffl mon:3513 






gilas : a glass drinking cup ' iT^/US 



Indo-European 03 pok:435 
Gheled: ice, ha// 



w 



w 

^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:435 



jada : hail, also cold and dry 



Greek 03 ahd 



Persian 03 BQT:1057; MON:1775; FSF:216 



Zaleh : hail, dew <JK 

Ferdowsf 



Xalaza : hail stone, also any lump sum object, tumor 



English 



Chalazion : an eyelid tumor 



15* 



Ghen | Ghengh 



Indo-European 03 pok:436 
Gheil : to Me, chew 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 pok:436; 



gnixta : chewed 

aiwi-gnixta : eaten up, eroded^ Ambhi 



Germanic 03 ahd 



gnag : to Me 

gnatt : a biting insect 



English 



gnaw, gnat 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:438; IEC:414,571 
Ghengh : to proceed, step 

KsengiOj ■ e 



A 



Avestan 03 POK:438; KLN:639; IEC:414 



Zanga : ankle 

ZangO : upper part of the foot 



h 


Persian 03 hrn:302 

Zang : fcof (obsolete) Si) 





w 



w 

^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:414,571 



janh : dash around 
jangha: tower /eg 

xanjami : amp 



Persian 03 IEC:414 



Jang : fight Si? 

Xeng : (white) horse SlJ> 



Germanic 03 KLN:639; AHD:542 



gang : going, journey, passage 
(a group of people going together) 



English 03 kln:639 

gang 
gangster 



Persian 03vop:303 



gangester : gangster Z»SS6 



157 



Gher 1 Gher 2 






Indo-European 03 pok:442, 444 



~X 



Gher 1, Gherd :to grasp, enclose 
onOrdnO : an enclosed land, yard, garden 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 WLD1:603; HRN:6; HUB:6; FFD:25 



Zar 1 : to harm 
a-Zcir : harm^ Apo 
azara : oppressed 



Persian UJ WLD1:603; FFD:25 



azar:narm ( J 1 ^ ) J^ 

azordan : to harm ( «i jjl < O^j' j ' ^ CPjj ' 



Sogdian 03 S0D:55 



pz m : to harm 



Greek 03ahd 



XOfUS : an enclosed 
dancing group 



I Latin 



I French 



Persian UJ mon:2927 



kor: 



a singing group 



J 



English 



chorus, choir 



W 



Greek 03 kln:284 



gr-on-os, chronos, xronos : 

that which encloses all things, time 



Arabic 

03 TAD:56 



qam : a century 



Persian 03 mon:2665 



qam : a century ( £y j& ) ^j} 



W 



Latin 03ahd:240 



chronicUS : time 



French 03 ahd; kln 



chronique 



English 03 ahd; kln 



chronic, chronicle, chronological, 
chronometer, synchronize 






Germanic 



English 03 ahd 



yard, orchard, garden, kindergarten 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



hortUS : gardei 



English 



horticulture, court, courtesy, curtain 



Gher 2 



see root: Ghlad 



15E 



Gher 3 Gher 4 






Indo-European 03 OEW:120; POK:439,457 
onGT O : to scratch, scrape away 

Ghrei, Ghreu -.tomb, grind 



^\ 



Sanskrit 03 OEW:120 



ghat : a place where sins are wiped away, a shrine 



Greek 03 OEW:120 



xriein, khriein: anoint 

Christ: the anointed 



English 03 OEW:120 

Christ, 

Christian, Christmas 



Persian 03vop:281 



krismas : Christmass 



tr***ir 



W 



Turkish 03 OEW:120 



XOrOZma : anointment 



Old French 

03 OEW:120 



French 
03 KLN:369 



Persian 03vop:280 



kerem : c 



fi 



^ 



V 



English 03 kln:369 



Greek 03ahd:240 



XrOS : skin, rough surface 
Xroma : complexion, color 



French 03 ah D: 240 



chrome 



Persian 03vop:281 



korom : chromium 
koromOSOm : chromosome 



fW 



v» 



English 03 ahd:240 



chrome, chromium, chromosome 






Greek 03ahd 



kharax, XaraX : a pointed stake, character 



Germanic 03 ahd 



grautaZ : coarse, large 



Celtic 03 ahd 



graW : rough surface, gravel 



English 


03 


AHD 


character 




English 


03 


AHD 


great 




English 


03 


AHD 


gravel 



Indo-European 03 pok:440 



A 



Gher 4: 



to wish, desire, want 



V 



Avestan 03 pok:440 



Zara 2 : desire, aim, target 



Germanic 03 ahd 



gernjan : want 

gredllZ : hunger 



English 03 ahd 



yearn 
greed, greedy 



Latin 03 ahd 



hortari 



to urge 



English 03 ahd 



exhort 



Greek 03 ahd 



khoris. xoris:c 



English 03 ahd 



charisma, charismatic 



155 



Gherd Ghes 



Gherd 



see root: Gher 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:445 



Ghers: 



to be horrified, to stare 






Avestan 03 POK:445; KLN:744 



ZrS, ZarS : to be horrified 
Zarsayamna : ruffling one's feathers 



Latin 03 pok:445 



horrere : to be horrified 



English 



horror 



Indo-European 03 pok:446 
GhertO : milk, butter 



W 



Sanskrit ffl POK:446; AEF:40 



gar : milk, also anything wet 
a-gar : to soak, also to swallow 
AEF:40 lists the Latin word 
"Vorare:to swallow" as a cognate. 
See root "Gwer 3:to swallow". 



v. 



^ 



h 


Persian ffl POK:446; HRN:9; AEF:41; BQT:47 






agar : wetness, humidity A& \ 




agarfdan : to soak ( ^jk~\ , ^ jUT) 0-^J^" 




agestan : to soak in (mix with) 'Zjle I 




agar : water puddles in a dried river x I 




^V+U 3 ji) j' cT* A y?* <?/ )' 




Naser-Khosrow j^| Jjto ^Jj-O J Jjl ^JjJ j^> ^lj 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:1465; FRS:98; MON:2520 


' 




fargaridan:tosoak cB "p8r 1 lPj*j*< lP^J^j* 




fargar : soaked j\± i 




fargar : little puddles of water in a dried river x 3 




fargan : new river *-£ 3 




fargandeh : roffen oJJii 




Fairokht ji-ji •y ^ jy Uji IjUj^aS _ Ju° I J^yJ ^J> -iiS Uji ol jl 



Ghes 



see root: Ghdies 



160 



Gheslo Ghesto 



Indo-European 03 pok:446 
GheSlO thousand 






Avestan 03 pok:446 



hazanrem, hazangra : thousand 



^ 



Greek 03 pok:446 



Xilio : thousand 



French 03 ahd 



kilo- 



V. 



MrLatin 03 AHD; KLN:979; BQT:2080 



SmT-gzlT : one thousandth^ Sam 1 
milia paSUUm : thousand steps 
milie : a measure of distance 
Derivation of "millia" or "millie" 
from "smf-gzir is not quite certain. 



► French 03 ahd 



v» 



I Arabic 



~X 



h 


Persian 03 POK:446; BQT:2331 
hezar : thousand ,|y& 





Persian 03 mon:3156 



Kilo : thousand A£ 



English 03 ahd 



kilo, kilogram, kilometer, kilowatt 



Persian UJ MON:4505; BQT:2080 



mil : a mile, a road marker L.A 

«&j ^jJ-Jjjl ijS J^a Jwj 



Persian UJ mon:4507 



mill- : one thousandth A^ja 



English 



mile, millimeter, milligram, million, milliard 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:447 

Ghesto, Ghosto :/n/M 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:447; KLN:707; KNT:190 



Zasta : hand 

dasta : hand 

dasta-karta : hand-made ^Kwer 

abi-dasta, a-dsta: over hands, sleeve^ 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:144 



dst:hand 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:447 



hastah : hand 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:854; AHM:220; MON 


' 




dast: hand C*0 




Q\X*wvO i jVwO 




astm:sfeere ( -^l ( ji»| ) ^z^\ 
Hafez ;> $ 'j\j^ 0U*O 3 4jy (V^l i^') 



English ffl KLN:707 



hasta : symbolic position of the hands in dancing 



161 



Gheu 1 Gheue 



Indo-European 03 pok:447 

Gheu 1 -.topour 



^\ 






Avestan 03 pok:447 


zaothra, zaothar, zaothr :/?o/y water 






Avestan 03 POK:447; SOD:184 




' 


aZUtay : melted butter or fat 

ZaV 2 : a kind of alcoholic beverage 





Pahlavi 



ZOt : holy water 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Latin 03 ahd 



fundere : 



to pour 



English 



funnel, fuse 



French 03 ahd 



refuse : poured back, rejected 



W 



Greek ffl OEW:124; FSD:66 



Xymeia : infusion by pouring (mixing) liquids 
KLN:45 does not accept this derivation {folk etymology) 



W 



Arabic 03 OEW:124; FSD:66 



al-kimya : chemistry 
KLN:45; OEW:182 & AHD:30 derive 
this word from the Egyptian word 
"khem: black". See root "Kers 2". 



W 



Latin 03 ahd 



alchymia 



French 



^ 



Persian 03 MON:1761; BQT:1043 



Zawr : holy water 
(in Zoroastrian religion) 



JSJ 



English 03 kln 



geyser, gust, ingot, nugget 



h 


Persian UJ mon:2599 
fiyUZ : fuse \y3 





Persian UJ mon:1665 



reflJZeh : failed 



V^J 



English 03 ahd 



refuse, confuse, refund, font 



Persian 03 bqt:1759 



kimiya ( ^y^S ) Lwi" 

Hafez d-wJUb^ O C^ O <0 CwJuw 
See "Kers 2" for another possible root. 



h 


Persian 03mon:2115 
simT j^Ji 





English 03 kln:45 



alchemy, chemistry, chemical 



Gheu 2 



Gheu-bh 



Gheue 



see root : Ghu 1 
see root : Ghu 1 
see root : Ghu 1 



162 



Gheugh | Ghosto 



Indo-European 03 pok:450 



~X 



Gheugh, Ghugh 



to hide, conceal 






Old Persian 

03 POK:450; KNT:182; SOD:50; SYN:852 



gaud : to hide 
a-gaud : cover 

apa-gaudaya : to uncorer^Apo 



Sogdian 03 S0D:3,5 



a-gaud, 'g'wd: cover, 

barn, shelter 
'g'wnd: to cover 



Persian 

03 MON:6 



agol : barn Ai \ 



Avestan 03 POK:450; KNT:182; SYN:852 



gUZ, gaOZ : to conceal 

fra-gauzayanta : to conceal 



Sanskrit 03 POK:450; KNT:182 



giihati : conceals 



Ghi 



GhT 



Ghia 



Ghiem 



Ghies 



Ghi-ghe-me 



see root : Ghei 1 

see root: Ghei 

see root: Ghei 

see root : Ghei 1 

see root: Ghdies 

see root : Ghe 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:451 
onlcld : to sound, to ring 



Avestan 03 pok:451 



Zrada : linked a 



Pahlavi 03vdQ:257 



zrih 



h 


Persian ffl POK:451; HRN:146; BQT:1019 






Zereh : armor j»j 



Arabic 03 VDQ:257 



Zard, Sarad: armor 
Zarrad : armor maker 



Persian 03 mon:1729 



Zarrad : armor maker 






W 



Indo-European 03 pok:439,451 

Gher 2-.tocaiiout 



^ 



r 



Germanic 03 ahd 



gretan : to moan 
grotjan : to speak 



English 



regret 
greet 



Ghordho 



Ghosh 



Ghosto 



see root: Gher 1 
see root : 6us 1 
see root: Ghesto 



163 



Ghou-ro-s Ghreu 



Indo-European 03 pok:453 
GllOU-rO-S : terrifying 



W 



Sanskrit 03 pok:453 



G6rah : terrifying 



^ 



"~X 



► 


Persian 03 hrn:210 




gUf: grave 

gurab : the dome built over a grave 


jy 



w 



Indo-European 03 pok:455 
Ghrebh: seize 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:455; SOD:237 



grab : to grab 

paiti-grab : accept^ Pev 3 

gerew-aiti, gerewn-aiti : he seized 
gauru-ayeiti, garb-ayaiti : he seized 

ni-gereptO: to he pressed down ^Ni 1 



W 



W 
^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:167 



gfb : to grab, understand 



Germanic 03 ahd 



grab : to c 



Persian 03 BQT:374,1797,1802 



gereftan : to grab, take !y^j> 

paziroftan : accept ( ^i^ ( ^ ) tfij^ 

gem : collateral ( $*$ ) « $ 

jIXm£ \#y% £*»~3 ^Ua >jJ> <Ui>jJ> 

Hafez jb- j^ji j siU jji jb- <Ujj>- 

SNS:322 claims that Persian "gero: collateral" 
is derived from "garfveh: neck" meaning to 
accept responsibility. See root "Gwer 3". 



English 



grab, grasp 



Ghrei 



see root: Gher3 



Indo-European 03 pok:458 
GhreiTl: anger 






Avestan 
03 POK:458 



gram : anger 



Germanic 03 ahd 



gnmmaz, grum 



Persian UJ POK:458; MON:2413; FRS:187 



gOZm, gOZm : anger f'x , f Sp 

Rudakt i^jsjijl Ij Ji>£ j> ^1 Xolj _ ,p*i<p" (jl> )l oiw^j- j ijjl f'ji j^J: 



English 



grim, grumble 



Ghreu 



see root: Gher3 



164 



Gh.r.f Ghua 



Arabic 03 KLN:237; SAP:1152 



~x 



Gh.r.f 



to draw water 



w 



Arabic 03 kln:237 



gharraf : drinking jug 



I 



h 


Persian ffl FVA:296; MON:308 


' 




egteraf : to draw water by hands ^j\ £s\ 



► | Spanish 03 ahd:201 



French 03ahd:201 



^ 



English 03 kln:237 



Carafe : a glass bottle 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:413 



A 



GIlU 1, GhaU, GheUe, GheU 2: to call for help, appeal 



Indo-European 03 ahd 



O n U "tO : God, one who is called upon for help 



W 



Avestan 03 WLD:599; KLN:413 



Zavaiti : invoked, God 



W 



Pahlavi 03 hub:54 



XVatay : God 

See root "Aiw" for a 
different derivation 



Persian 03 BQT:718; HRN:104; FSF:159 



Xoda : God (who is called upon for help) 
Xadieve : governor, king 
Xajeh : master 

Ferdowst jjjj» j (V^fj' JJW J £■>« *+> 

See above references for more details 



\1> 



W 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Gudam : God 



English 03 ahd 



God, good-bye, good-night 



v* 



Indo-European 03 knt:182 



Gheu-bh: 



to speak 



C 



Old Persian 

03 BQT:1821; FFD:75; KNT:182 



gaub, gub : to speak 



w 



Pahlavi 

03 FFD:75; MON:3333 



guftan : to tell 



^ 



Persian 03 FFD:75; HRN:206; BQT:1775,1821; MON:3195 



goftan : to tell 
goptan : to tell, say 
gap : gossip 






Ghu2 



Ghua 



see root: Dinghw 
see root: Dinghw 



165 



Ghuel Gieu 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:489 



~X 



Ghueh 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:489 



ZUrah : lie, cheat 



Pahlavi 



I 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:147; ETM:67; POK:489 


' 




zur2:/» r j5 . 



w 

L 



Greek 03 pok:489 



phalos : lie 



Arabic 03 ETM:67; VDQ:240 



ZUf : lie (against God) 
taZVtr : pretence 

mozavver : nar 



Persian 03 etm:67 



taZVtr : pretence 

mozavver : nar 



Jto's 



^ 



Latin 03 pok:489 



fall6-ere : to falsify 
falsUS : lie 



English 03 AHD:470,473 



false, fail, failure 



Ghugh 



see root: Gheugh 



Indo-European 03 IEC:347 



Ghuk, Ghukos : 



hoot, whoop 



^ 

L 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:347 



ghukah:ow/ 



Persian 03 IEC:347; MON:2454 



giik : frog ( ^ ) Oj* 



Middle German 03 IEC:347 



gUCken: a kind of bird 



Ghukos 



Ghumbo 



Ghu-to 



GT 



Gieu 



see root: Ghiik 

see root: Gwa 

see root : Ghu 1 

see root: Gei 

see root: Geu 3 



166 



Glei Glue 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:401; knt:192 

olGI :to swell, Increase 
GreJOS: expanse 



Old Persian 03 pok:401; syn:37 



drayah : 



I, 



(•Pahlavi 03 MON:1730; BQT:847 



drai-ap : sea wafer, sea^Ab 1 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:401; SYN:37 



zrayah, zarayah -.body of water, : 



^ 



Sogdian 03 SQP:465 



Zry : sea 



"~X 



Persian 03 MON:37; BQT:847; HRN:125; POK:401 



darya : s 



k}> 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:1730; BQT:1010 



Persian 03 bqt:1010 



zrah : s 



"JJ 



Glue 



see root: Gel 



167 



Gno | Gogelos 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:376 



~X 



Gno, Gen, Gene 2. 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:376; BQT:1298 



zan 2, zana 2 : to know 
dan, dana-. to know 



Persian 03 bqt; ffd:53 



Zand : interpretation of the Avesta book Jj V 

Zandiq : familiar with the Zand book (non-Moslem) *i>JJ ) 

danestan : to know ( ^b < bb ) ,y»ib 

dan : with knowledge in ( ^b j0 < ^IJJc**) ) " £)0 _ 



Daqfqf 



j>. 3' f ] s*j>. b ^J ' 



><6 



-43Jj' pb '^-"jj 



^. 






Old Persian 

03 POK:376; BQT:1298 



XSna : to know 



Persian 03 SPG:216 



senaxtan : to r 



Vajdt 



I y ,iJc>w> ^>y* *^y J^ J^" )^ - I ) y ^Jc>UJU y jjjl )-wi> VM .■ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:377 



pra-jan : one who knows in advance, 
one who has perception, wise ^^ Perl 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:1459; HRN:181 



farzanak : v 



Persian 



Farzaneh 



^b? 



Germanic 03 ahd 



know, kunnan 



English 



know, can 



Latin 03 ahd 



gnocere, nocere 1 -.get to know 

T-gn6rare :not to know, ignore^ Ne 1 
ndb\\\S : well known 
norma : rule, pattern 



L 



French 



h 


Persian ffl mon:4704 






p 
normal : normal \j\fi3 

p 
not: a tone 0<J * C-j 

nobel: noble U-j 



English 



note, notify, notorious, acquaint, recognize 
ignore, noble, norm, normal, abnormal, enormous 



W 



Greek 03 ahd 



gignoskein: to know 



^ 



English 03 ahd:563 



gnosis : intuitive apprehension of spiritual truths 

diagnosis 



Indo-European 03 IEC:287 



~X 



Gogel, Gogelos : knob. 



tapering object 



w 
^ 



Armenian 03 IEC:287 



kakgi : lime tree (from the fruit shape) 



Persian 03 IEC:287; MON:3306 



gazar: carrot 



$ 



Gogelos 



see root: Gogel 



168 



Gotra Guel 



Sanskrit 03hrn:211 



Gotra: 



race, origin, substance 



W 



Pahlavi ffl hrn:211 



gohar : substance, material 



^ 



~X 



Persian ffl BQT:1862; PLA101; ARK:249; FSF:302 



gohar : substance, anything of value, gem 



Ferdowsr ^'^ y^^ j 3 j'-^5 3 -U^ 1 ^ >> - ^'y^- 3 J^3""^ 3 3 ^M 0' V?" 



Indo-European 03 pok:404 
GraS:toea( 



W 



Greek 03 pok:404 



gangraina, gagrajna 

decay of tissue (in a limb) 



I Arabic 03 bqt:1339 



Persian 03 mon:2383 



ganqraya : gangrene 



i\i , [>)Jo\i 



w 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:542 



gangraena 



English 



gangrene 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:456 



~X 



Gredh: 



to walk, go 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:456: FFD:71 



aiwi-grad-mahi : we begin 

gerezdi : agreement 
gra : to lean toward 



Pahlavi 

03 FFD:71 



gray : to lean 
toward 



Persian 03 FFD:71; BQT:1783; VSF:16 



grayTdan : to be inclined hi*>\S 

Nezamt Xo jSUJUw «*> \j ysloj* ^5 



v* 



Latin 03 pok:456 



gradi, gressus : to walk, , 
gradus : step 



French 03 ahd 



grade, congres 



Persian 03 mon:3102,3212 



kongereh 2 : congress ' ajc$ 



.M jX^w i 2>p 



v» 



^ 



■* 


English 03 ahd 




grade, congress, centigrade, degree, gradient 






English 03 ahd 


aggressive, progress, regression, ingredient, graduate 



Greios 



Greno 



Gu 



Guel 



see root: Glei 

see root: Ger2 

see root : Geu 1 

see root: Dhogh 



169 



Guha Gurdos 



Guha 



Guheguh 



Guhei 



Gul 



Gulgul 



Gumnos 



Gunos 



see root: Gwhi 

see root: Dhogh 

see root: Gwhi 

see root: Dhogh 

see root: Gwer3 

see root: Nogw 

see root: Nogw 



Persian 03 mon:3434 



Gurb, Kurb 



: stocking 



W 



( v* Jx •* V*Jx 



Arabic ffl FVF:177; ARB:101 



jaurb, jaurab : stocking, sock 
J.f.b : he wears socks 



h 


Persian ffl mon:3434 

JUrab : stocking, sock ^j\ **p 





w 



Portuguese ffl kln:678 



greba : leg or shin protection 



^ 



Old French 03 kln:678 



greve : shin armor, shin 



English 03 kln:678 



g reave : leg armor 
AHD:577 derives this word 
from a different root. 



Indo-European 03 IEC:307 



Gurdos, Gurdus: 



brave, proud 



<+ 



w 
^ 



Old Persian 

03 BQT:1786; HUB:91 



Vtra, Vurt:hero 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:1786 



gort, gurt:hero, strong 



Armenian 03 IEC:307 



kord : rough 



Persian 03 HRN:200; BQT:1786; IEC:307 



gord : strong, hero <iljij> ( ^taj> ) >J> 

Ferdowst ijJLrf JjLu Ji jl <lij_Jjl t$ 



Indo-European 03 IEC:373 



A 



Gurdos, Gurdus : sluggish, 



stupid 



w 

L 
^ 



Latin 03 IEC:373 



gurdus : stupid 



Persian 03 IEC:373; MON:3470 



gul : stupid ( ^jf- Jy , ^j Jy ) Jy 

Moiavr ;> A Jy [Sy" <£■£> -^ y ^^ - ^^ Jy 1 H ^ ou^laiwi oJj ^1 



Greek 03 IEC:373 



bradus : sluggish 



Latin 03 IEC:373 



bardus : stupid 



170 



Gurdus G.v.l 



Gurdus 



Guro 



Gurr 



see root: Gurdos 
see root: Ger4 
see root: Ger4 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:74 
GCiySna:deer, sfag 



W 



Avestan 03 ISS:74 



gavasna : deer 



Pahlavi 03 ISS:74; BQT:1754; UNV:56 



gwzn, gavazan 



Persian UJ bqt:1754 



gavazn:deer \\£ 



^ 



Sogdian 03 SOD:180 



gwzn : deer 



Semitic 03 fva:304 



~X 



U.V.I : to take suddenly 



^ I Arabic ffl fva:304 



gala : he took suddenly 

gul : one who attacks suddenly, demon 

Umme-gTIan : "mother of demons", 

referring to desert bushes 

believed to nourish demons. ^ Umm 



Persian ffl FVA:304; MON:4261; BQT:2023 



gul : demon, large person (J^p 

gaeleh : difficulty <JJU 

mogTIan : desert thorn bushes (ii^fi 

Hafez jj%ji A ^A^J-fi jl> JJO y l$JUj>^ 



V k 



^ 



English 03 KLN:48,655 



algol : the demon star 
ghoul : demon 



111 



Gwa Gwa 



Indo-European 03 pok:463 



Gwa, Gwa, Gwen 2 : to walk, 

to step, to come, to go 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



v* 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:463; kln:318 



gam : to come, step 

jam, jantu:togo 



w 



^ 



w 



Avestan 03 pok:463 



gaman : step 

a-gam : to come ^Apo 
ni-gama : come down (in sheath) ** NT 
paiti-gama : come forth (with a message) 
®"psr3 



Persian 


03 HRN:11; 


BQT:434,1765,2223; SPG:217 


gam : step 






r* 


amadan : to come 




( oJ»*{ 


)0^ 1 


niyam : 


sheath 






fLj 


payam 

Molavf 


message 





Avestan 03 bqt:166,1451 



f ra-jama : gone forward (to a destination) ** Par 1 
han-jama : conclusion ^Ssm 1 
han-jamana : coming together'^' Sam 1 



Persian UJ etm; ffd 



farjam : end ( ^xJbtjB ) flj-ji 

anjam : conclusion ( AX^lp^l ) f lp*3l 



anjoman : society, meeting 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:463; knt:183 



gat, gathu, gav, gatUS -.place, seat, throne 
Cja{U-bar : (baby) carriage ^Bhsr 1 



Persian 03 bqt:1771,1773 



gah 2 : place, position, rank ' o\) 



W 



Arabic 

03 FVF:144 



jah : rank 



Persian 03 mon 



jah : position q\?- 



W 
^ 



Old Persian 03 BQT:2368; KNT:212 



ham-gmatana, hangmatana : (a place for) coming together 

®"Ssm1 



Persian 03 bqt:2368 



Ekbatan (^Ij^a) ^tiLS"! 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 PLA:146; NYB:228; SBK:203 



jamana : a step (period) of time 

thaman : time 



h 


Persian 03 mon:1746 






zaman : time aUj 

Fsrdowst j^jj j jl *)b; i^U} ^^ ^ 



w 



Arabic ffl PLA:146; NYB:228 



Zaman : time 

KLN:951 derives this from Akkadian "Simanu: 
appointed time". NYB:228 claims they are 
ultimately from Old Persian "jamana:time". 



h 


Persian 03 mon:1746 


' 




mozmen : old .j,j* 
azmaneh : times ojl 



w 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 bqt:2383 



gama : a step (period) of time 

han-gama : at the same time, during ^Ssm 1 



^ 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:2383 


' 




hengam : during plSjj& 



172 



Gwa Gwadh 



W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:464,465 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:463 



Gwa, Gwa, Gwen 2 : to walk, 

to step, to come, to go 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



aiwi-gaiti : to come here^Ambhi 
ni-jama : birth, origin, race 
gemton : to give birth to 

gimsenin : birth 

gemmons : born 



Greek 03 ahd;KLN 



bainein : to go, walk, step 

dia-bainein : going across (referring to excessive 

thirst and urination due to diabetes) ^^ Dwo 
akro-bates : stepping on tiptoe^ Ak 



French 



Persian 03 mon:75,1588 



olyy I < C*>W 



English 03 ahd 



diabetes, acrobat 



French 03ahd:110 



basse, baSSin : base, bottom 



I 



Persian 03 V0P:83 



basan : buttock, hip 



Cr*^ 



English 03ahd:110 
base, basic 






Latin 03 ahd 



Venir: to come 



English 



avenue, event, prevent, invent 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kuman : to c 



English 



come, become, welcome, income 



Indo-European 03 IEC:425 



Ghumbo 



: start, move, jump 



r 



Pahlavi 03 mon:1244 



junbitan : to r 



^ 



Persian 03 MON:1244; IEC:425 



jonbtdan : to move qj 



Gwa 



see root. 



Gwa 



Indo-European 03 pok:465 



~X 



Gwadh: 






Avestan 03 pok:465 



Vi-gath6 : ravine, canyon^ Wi 



Sanskrit 03 pok:465 



gahate : immersed 
Vi-gaha : depth 



Greek 03ahd:1519 



buSSOS 2 : bottom of the s 



Latin 03 ahd 



abyssus 



English 03 ahd 



abySS : a bottomless void or pit, hell 



173 



Gwag | Gweguos 



Gwag 



Gwak 



see root: Wag 2 
see root: Wag 2 



^•Avestan 



Indo-European 03 pok:465 



A 



Gwebh 1 : to dip, sink 



03 POK:466 



jafra : deep 



Pahlavi 

03 FVA:293 



zafr 



Persian UJ BQT:1059; HRN:152 



Zarf: deep ( Ujj ) Jjjj 



w 

^ 



Greek 03 pok:466; ahd 



baptein : to dip 



English 



Baptist 



Indo-European 03 pok:466 



Gwebh 2 : 



slime, sliminess, toad 






Old Persian 03 pok:466 



gabawo : toad 



Germanic 03ahd:1519 



quabbeln : to shake like jelly, tremble 



English 



quaver, quiver 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:466 



A 



GWGClh : to injure, destroy 



Avestan 03 POK:466; SYN:1024 



gantay, ganti, gainti: bad smeii 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:164 



gnC : bad smelling 



Persian UJ BQT:1841; HRN:208; SYN:1179 



gand : stink 
gandidan : to rot 



AM 
\MAM 



W 



Old Persian ffl SYN:1024; KNT:183 



gasta : offensive, evil 



w 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 mon:3314 



gasta : ugly 



Persian 03 MON:3314; SYN:1024 



gast : bad, ugly CnS 

£-w» <l> </*&£ jjj\ jjju /y»\& tjr 



Gweguos 



see root: Wag 2 



174 



Gwei Gwei 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:467 
Gwei : to live 



~~\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 KLN:1288; POK:467,750; SNS:173; SOD:91 



jiva, jlta, jva : living 
mereZU-jlta : short lived, short 
hu-jyati : healthy, prosperous^" Su 1 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:606,1038 



Zivastan : to live 

Zivandak : mercury, "living (metal)" 



Persian 03 mon 



ZlStan : to live 



{/***& 



zendegT : life ( 8 jjj ) ? jjj 

jlVeh : mercury (o^jpf) >J>J 



W 



Arabic 03 pla:102 



zibaq 



Persian UJ mon:1768 



zibaq : r, 



&IJ 



V 

L 



Avestan 03 bqt:1872 



gay6-maretan : perishable life (man) cr Mer 2 



Persian UJ BQT:1872; ZMA:21 



K\UmarS : "mortal r. 



,J fy? 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:467 



gaetha : to exist 

gaetha-nam : existing things 
gaitha : living property, cattle 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:212 



getik, gete : world 
gehan : world 



Persian UJ bqt:1868 



gitl : world lS 

keyhan : world (^l^») ^\%S 



w 



Avestan 03 pok:468 



zira, a-zira: alert 



h 


Persian ffl faf:28 


' 




Ztrak : alert, smart 


^jti 




aZI f : alert, warning siren, smart 


<J*J> j£} ] 




Ferdowst Ji\j ^ j j£ j 1; jjj j ^ 


& - J^u jij* 3 Li'jW ' ) ^^ 



w 



Latin 03ahd 



Viva, VIVere : to live, life 



French 



vitamine 



h 


Persian 03 mon 






Vitamin : vitamin !r^>, 9 



English 



vital, survive, vitamin 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



bios : life 

mikro-bios : little creature 

hu-gies : good life, good health *" Su 1 



French 



microbe 



Persian 


03 MON:4500 




mikrob : 


microbe 


u#> jXya 




English 


microbe 


, biology, hygiene 



^ 



w 

^ 



Greek 03 ahd; oew:135 



ZOe : life 

ZOidion : carved animal figure 



English 03 0EW:135 



zoo, zoology 
zodiac 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kwi-kwaz : living, full of energy 



English 



quick 



175 



Gweie Gwel 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:469 



~X 



Gweie, Gweye :to overpower, defeat 






W 
^ 



Avestan 03 POK:469; SOD:470 



Z\nat: to injure 

zya 3, zyani : injury 



Avestan 

03 POK:470; HRN:197; FFD:70 



ga 2 : to rape 

gamO : sexual intercourse, rape 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:197 



gatan : to engage ir 
sexual intercourse 



Persian 


UJ 


BQT:1050 




ziyan : loss, 


damage 


ckj 




Persian 


UJ 


HRN:197; FFD:70 


gadan 







Avestan 03 pok:469 



Zayai : to defeat. 

Zya 4 : defeated, diluted 



Old English 03 ahd:1070 



aCWencan : to quench 



English 03 ahd 



quench 



Indo-European 03 pok:472 



~X 



Gwel 1 : 



to throw, reach 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:472; KLN:143 



ni-gra-ire : they are thrown down 1 * NT 1 

ni-gar 



Greek 03 ahd 



ballein : to throw 

para-ballein : to throw (set) beside, 

to talk to a group ^^ Perl 
SUm-ballein : throw together, compare ** Sam 1 
dia-ballein : to throw across, slander'^' Dwo 
dia-bolos : slanderer, daw/** Dwo 



French 03 ahd 



parler : to talk 

Symbole : signs 
(used for comparison) 

I, 



Persian 

03 MON:1981 



\jef*&»> < O^jH 



English 



parliament 



W | Latin 03 ahd 



English 



ballistic, parabola, hyperbola, metabolism, problem, symbol, devil 



Arabic 03 FVQ:47; KLN:496 



eblis, iblis:dsw/ 



Persian 03 bqt:83 



ebllS : devil 



\J~pV 



W 



Greek 03 ahd 



ballizein : to dance 



French 



bal, ballet: dance 



I 



h 


Persian 03 mon:466 
balet:oa/fe( cJl> 





English 



ballet 



V» 



^ 



English 



ballroom, ballad 



17! 



Gwel 2 Gwelbh 



Indo-European 03 pok:470 
Gwel 2 : to pierce 



W 



Greek ffl POK:470; KLN:1068 



Obelos, Obolos : spike, nail, 

also nail-shaped Greek coins, money 
obeleKOS : a narrow pointed stone pillar 



W 



Arabic 03 ARK:232; TAD:52 



fals : money, also the scales on fish skin 
fluS : coins 
eflas : poverty 
mofles : poor 



W 



Latin ffl kln:1068 



ODOluS : spike, a narrow pointed 
stone pillar, also a Greek coin 



^ 



~X 



Persian ffl bqt:428 



pul : money 



^ 



Persian ffl FVA:319; BQT:428; ARK:232 



fals : money, fish scales 

eflas : poverty, not having money 

mofles : poor, without money 






English ffl KLN:1068; SKT:354 



Obol : an ancient Greek coin 
obelus : a line-shaped symbol (-) 

used in marking manuscripts. 
obellSK : a narrow pointed stone pillar 






Indo-European 03 pok:473 

Gwelbh -.womb 



Avestan 03 POK:473; KLN:483 



garewa : womb 

garebllS : young animal 



Greek 03 POK:473; KLN:483 



delphllS : womb 

delphlS : a marine mammal, dolphin 

adelprlOS : born from same womb (brothers) 

phil0-adelph0S:(jrofteriytoi/e®"Bhili 



I Arabic 03 tad:28 



W 



English 



dolphin, Philadelphia 



- Persian UJ 


MON:1552 


dolfin 


ifiF> 




Persian 


FTIadelfiya 


UJiXJ 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kilbur: 



young animal 



English 



calf 



177 



Gwen 1 Gwer 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:473 



~X 



Gwen 1, Gwena, Gwuna: 



woman, female 






Avestan 03 POK:473; SYN:82 



gna, gena, zaini, jani : woman 



h 


Persian ffl POK:473; BQT:1033 
Zan : woman, wife \ \ 





Sanskrit 03 pok:473 



gna, guna, jani, kan, kanya: 



Germanic 03 ahd 



kweniz : v 



English 



queen 



Greek 



gune : woman 



I Latin 



English 



gyno-, gynecology 



Gwen 2 



Gwena 



see root: Gwa 
see root : Gwen 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:476 
Gwer 1 : heavy 






Avestan 
03 POK:476 



goum : heavy 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:1781; MON:3214 






geran : heavy, expensive 

Hafez *XS#+fl \J2> CUuwJ ^IjS jU /J>J 2>jfl m 





Latin 03 ahd 



gravis : heavy 



English 



grave : serious 

gravity, grief 



Greek 03 ahd 



barUS : heavy 
barOS : weight 



French 



h 


Persian 03 mon:451,452 





^ 



^ 



English 



barium, barometer 



Hi 



Gwer 2 Gwer 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:478 



Gwer 2, Gwere 1 



to praise, welcome, sing 



Avestan 03 pok:478 



gar 2, gard, grad, grd, grnati : to can, pray 

garo-gar : fulfiller of prayers, God 
garo-demana : house of prayer, sky ** Dam 
paiti-gar : to speak against, blame ** Par 3 



W 



Pahlavi ffl mon:3214 



gar-amik : revered, respected 



W 
^ 



~X 



Persian 03 HRN:202,204; BQT:1793-18 



geristan -.to cry < tjj , \ ,jj> ) ^J 

garogar:God J^J 

garzman : sky O^jj^ 

paygareh : Name jjU^; , ojU^ 

5 3 5 ji^> Xwj -^wj^ ^ oo 3 



Naser-Khosrow 



h 


Persian 03 MON:3214; IEC:376 






geramT : dear, respected it\S 



Latin 03ahd 



gratUS : agreeable, grateful 
gratia : favor 



English 



grace, gracious, grateful, agree, congratulate 



175 



Gwer 3 Gwer 3 



W 



WfOld 



Indo-European 03 pok:474 



~X 



Gwer 3, Gwere 2 : 



Avestan 

03 POK:474; KNT:199 



gar 3 : to swallow, devour 
jaraiti : swallows 

garah : throat 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:207 



gariik : throat 



Persian 03 POK:474; BQT:1832; MON:3334 



galu : throat J$ 

gal : throat, heck, a harrow pass ( U qA> ) ,0 

Compare with "gal: mountain" from root "Gwer 4". 



W 



Avestan 03 knt:199 



pati-gara : a cup "for drinking" 
®"per3 



Persian 03 knt:199 



pTyaleh : drinking cup or bowl ( <JU*J ) <JL> 

"V "V 

MON:862 lists "pfyaleh" as a cognate of Greek "piale" 



Persian 03 knt:199 



gar : to devour 



^ I Avestan 03 POK:475; BQT:1807 



griva : neck, also a hump 

griva-pan -.protector of neck, collar'^' Pa 

For sense development from "neck" to "hump" compare 

Indo-European roots "Men 3:to stand out" and "Mon:neck". 

Also compare with derivatives of root "Gwer 4". 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



bronXOS : throat 



French 



W 

L 



Latin 03ahd 



VOrare : to swallow 



Indo-European 03 IEC:265,305 

Gargelos, Gulgulu/ue 



]T 



^ 

' 

L 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:265 



gargarah : gargle 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



gurges : throat 
gurgulio : windpipe 



Persian UJ SYN:233; BQT:1807 



gariveh : mountain, hilly land jy j 

gariban : co//ar O^Lr 



Persian 03 mon:514 



bronsit 



'3/. 



English 



bronchitis 



English 03 ahd 



voracious, carnivorous 



Persian 03 IEC:265,305; MON:1408 



gergereh : gargle 
xerxereh : throat 

golgol : boil, gargle 






English 03 ahd 



gargle 



180 



Gwer 4 Gwhder 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:477 
Gwer 4 -.mountain 



~~\ 



Ave stan 

ffl POK:477; KLN:374; SYN:25 



gain : mountain 
Compare with derivatives 
of the Indo-European 
root "Gwer 3". 



Pahlavi 

B3SNS:318 



gar 1 : mountain 



Persian ffl MON:3212; SNS:318 



gar 1 : mountain 
garsah : a male 



name 
It literally means "king of mountains' 






W 



Old Slavic 03 kln:374 



CUrva : mountain 
CurvatinU : a mountainous 

area in former 

Yugoslavia, Croatia 



French 03 kln:368 



Chorwat : Croatina and its people 
Cfavate : neckpiece worn by the 
Croats, a fashion in Croatina 



Persian 03 mon:2930 



kravat : cravat 



:\J 



^ 



^ 



English 03 kln 



Croat, Croatia, cravat 



Gwere 1 



Gwere 2 



see root: Gwer 2 
see root: Gwer 3 



Indo-European 03 pok:479 



A 



GweS, ZgWeS : to extinguish 






Sanskrit 03 pok:479 



jaS : extinguished, 
exhausted, wounded 



Avestan 03 hrn:145 



Zaxya : wound 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:1007 






Zaxm : wound -J* \ 
Zaxmeh : plectrum A&p-j 



Greek 03 kln:111 



a-sbenunairnofexf/ngu/shaWe^^Ns 1 



English 03 ahd:78 



asbestos 



Gweye 



see root: Gweie 



Indo-European 03 pok:487 
Gwhder : to flow, run 



^\ 






Avestan 03 pok:487 



XSar : to flow 



Sanskrit 03 pok:487 



ksa : to flow 



Persian 03 HRN:172; BQT:1223-1265 



saridan : to flow ( ^XtJb ) &X>j\A 

p p p — 



181 



Gwhedh Gwhen 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:488 



~X 



Gwhedh: 



to ask, wish, want 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:488; WLD:673; SYN:1471; HRN:470 



Za 3, gad : to want, wish, beg 

zaidhyemi, zadiyamiy : ; wish 

hu-jasta : wett wished, blessed^" Su 1 

a-zasta 



Persian 03 BQT:717,1453,1776; HRN:470 



geda : beggar | j£ 

XOJasteh : blessed C«^C> i < C-^C> 



W 



Arabic 03 fvf:565 



kada: 



^ 



^ 



Persian UJ FVF:565; FVA:349 



takaddT 






W 



Indo-European 03 pok:491 
Gwhen 1 : to swell, fill 



PART 1 



~x 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 zma:49-51 



San, Syangh : house, household 

Cognate with "kan 1, xan, gan 1: to dig out an mound up {a shelter)" 



W 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:46; ZMA:49-51 


San : house, 


shelter 


a-san-ak : 


house 


hu-sangh 


with good 


household^ Su 1 



Persian 03 ZMA:49-50; BQT:46,2395 



San : house ( V-UA /J" x>< <G W - i ^) W - ) /J" 

4iLw£l <i3i~^I <4jud <^uo </Jy5 

Sandaf : house tambourine ** Deru 1 ij JJwfc 

HlJZSang: owner of good household^ Su 1 Sx&Jb 

See "Kweye" for another possible root of "asfyan{eh)". 



W 



Sanskrit 03 prt:75 



gana : ditch 

Xanda : a broken 
lump of sugar 



Persian 03 bqt:1544 



qand: sugar (^IjliS^bliS ^IjjJ ,f ljJ*S).uS 

Hafez ilyi jjj j i_j^>IS r)U) cii?-u>- <0 _ v> Ja9u> ^L&3 jS_i <Cii j li_i 



W 



^ 



Arabic 03 kln:231 



qandat : sugar candy 



French 



English 03ahd:196 



candy 



182 



Gwhen 1 Gwhen 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:491 
Gwhen 1 : to swell, fill 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:491; HRN:194; BRT:583; ZMA:49 



kan 1, Xan, gan 1 :to dig dirt out and mound it up 
Cat : well 



x; 



^ 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:194; BQT:1707; SNS:8,155 



kantan, xandan : to dig 

kandak : a dug-in house 
Xanig : spring, water pond 
Cah : well 



Persian 03 BQT; HRN:186; FVF:593 



kandan : to dig ( $ ) ^jj£ 

kandak : places dug out in a house OJJ*5 

kanduk : grain silo, bee hive O5JJO 



^it-Greek 03: 



konda, kondu : a drinking vessel 
Derivation from Persian is debated. 



Italian 03 SKT:217; PRT:260 



gonda, gondola : gondola 

(due to its shape) 



English 
03 SKT:217 



gondola 



V» 



Persian ffl mon:3102 



kanand : a tool for tilling earth JjJS" 



Khojasteh 



cAfe ■>/ jij j^ 



, -» a 3 



bb 



Persian 03 BQT; SYN:46; MON:1395 



Xan I : spring, water pond 
Cah : water well 



</ 



\~> 



^ 



Persian 




03 HRN:194; BQT; ZMA:51; MON 


Xaneh : house 


«il> 




(r^> < Cr" < 0^ 




«toy> < «ix5i> 


ganeh : house 


4jle 




;>U*ta < o^ - 



Persian UJ mon:465 



balaxaneh : top room, balcony^ 



Bhergh 



A3l>^U 



Italian 03 lkt:17 



barbacane, balcone 



French 

03 PHN:55 



balcon 



Persian 03 mon:467 



balkon 



<A 



English 03 KLN:148; LKT:17 



barbican, balcony 

See AHD for different roots 



W 



Arabic 03pla:113 



Xandaq : a dug out trench 



Persian 03 mon:1443 



xandaq 



tj>JJc» 



183 



Gwhen 1 Gwhen 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:491 
Gwhen 1 : to swell, fill 



PART 3 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:491; hrn:194; brt:583 



kan 1, Xan, gan 1 :to dig dirt out and mound it up 



w 



Avestan 03 POK:491; HRN:194 



a-kand, a-gand : to ffl/^Apo 

aiwi-kand : to throw away'-^' Ambhi 
para-kan: spread around^ Par 1 
paiti-kan : front digger, arrow 
®"per3 



Persian 03 BQT:1526; FFD:26 


akandan : to m 

kazakand : siik-med. ®" Kaz 






afkandan : to throw, drop (,s5^l 

parakandan : to spread around 






paykan : arrow 






«i 






Old Persian 03 knt:178 



ni-kan : dig down destroy^ NT 1 
Vi-kan : dig apart, destroy^" Wi 



Sogdian 03 bqt:1165,1703 



kang, kanp :co/ony of houses, village 



► I Pahlavi 



Persian 03 bqt:1703 



Samarqand (.uS^) .uS^** 



Arabic 

03 KLN:232; SAP:100; ARB:261; FVF:539,545 



qanah : reed, cane 

qanat : underground water way 

q . n .V : to dig a well or water channel 

These words reached Greek and 

Latin through Semitic languages 



W 



Persian 

03 MON; FVA:341; KLN:231; SNS:8 


qanat : underground water way 
moqannT : well digger 





Greek 03 kln:232 



kanon : rod, measuring stick 



Arabic 

03 BQT:1516 



qanun:/aw 



Persian 03 BQT:1516; MON:2875 



qanun : rule, law ( T ^JS" ) ^\J 



^ 



Latin 03 kln 



CanaliS: water p 



French 





English 03ahd:197 






canon : law 






Persian 03 mon 


kanal : canal, channel JblS" 



English 



canal, channel 



W 



Greek 03 AHD:1520; KLN:231 



Canna : reed 



English 03 ahd 



cane, cannon, canyon 



W 
^ 



Sogdian B3sod:124 



C t : water well 



184 



Gwhen 2 Gwhen 2 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:492 
Gwhen 2 : to strike, hurt 



~~\ 



Avestan 

03 POK:492; HRN:204; BQT:324; FFD:25 



zata 2, jan, gan 2, gaz.gas : to hit, 

harm, bite 
a-Za-ta 2 : harmed 
Vl-jainti : to sting, harm^Wi 
Varathra-gam : demon killed Wev 3 



► Persian 03 HRN:204; BQT:324,1007,1812; FSF:26 



Zadan : to hit, strike \} \ 

azdan : to poke A3 ) I 

gazidan : to sting (jjjj ,f ^£ ,&$)* ^Jjj? 

Bahram : "demon killer", a male name fi\ .a) 



Old Persian 

03 KNT:184,185 



jan : to strike 



Old Persian 03 hrn:231 



ni-jan : to strike down, 
to put (somebody) down 
^NT1 



Persian ffl BQT:2134; HRN:231; MON:4713 



nazand : put down, feeling sad 



X>'\> *j>\ 



iU- 






jjJj *"■ >> <6 «^jU j>d ,v^> 



W 



V 



Old Persian 03 knt:184 



ava-jan, apa-jan: 

to strike down, kill 



Persian 03 BQT:184; FSF:55 



OWZandan : to strike down < Oij' - ' CPji' ) 0-^Ji' 

Ferdowsr jV.j4*^ )' ti'jyjlA "^7*5 - )"*> ,P 'j3 ^J^ 5 -^^y 



Old Persian 03 pok:1170; bqt:1669 



Vara-dna : lamb killer (falcon, crow) * 

xf 



Sogdian 03 S0D:398 



W'rgn'k: fa/con 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:1669; SOD:398 






vargeneh : falcon ^JS 
kalag : crow 'c % 



^ I Old Persian 03 



^ 



KNT:184,185; HRN:231 



pati-jan : fight against'-^' Par 3 
fra-jan:cu( off®" Pari 
Vi-jan : strike apart, Shaffer®" Wi 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 AHD:1520; AEF:335 



jatara : resin (obtained by striking a tree trunk) 

jathra :po/son 

paiti-jathra : anti-poison^ Per 3 
Derivation of "jatara: resin" is not certain 



Persian 03 MON:1776; BQT:175,1776 



Zad : resin ( ' j j ( tn ) y\ 

angzeh:sivee(res/n®"Embhi n i Sj\ 



ojyii i ijyjl i yyi\ 



V 



Persian 


ffl BQT:1047 












Zahr '.poison 










j»j 


padzahr 


: antitoxin 






</M< 


M> 


a>-^ 


Ferdowsf 


A5 <^k J^- -^ 


/) 


J* 


_ J>$ <0 JA 


ruj <o bw 


KLN:168 derives this from Avestan 


zahr 


bile", 


See "Ghel". 







Arabic 03 fvf:50 



badzahr 



W 



English 03 ahd 
bezoar 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 520 



guthjo : 



English 



gun 



Latin 03 ahd 



fendere, off-endere, de-fendere : to strike off, attack 



English 



fender, fence, offense, defense 



185 



Gwher Gwhi 



Indo-European 03 pok:493 
Gwher: warm 



"~X 






Avestan 03 POK:493; KNT:183 



garema : warm 



Persian 03 HRN:203; BQT:1800 



garm : warm 






Old Persian 03 pok:493 



garma : warm 

garma-pada : name of a (hot) month 



Sogdian 03 S0D:169 



grm : warm 



Greek 03ahd 



thermos : warm, heat 



I 



French 



Persian 03 mon:1072 



otUy y i j^y 1 y t ^y 1 y 



English 03 ahd 



thermometer, thermostat, thermos 



V* 



Latin 03 ahd 



for-nus, fornax -.oven 

for-ceps : fire tongs®" Kap 



English 



furnace 
forceps 



W 



French ffl phn:187 



four: oven 

This word has possibly 

reached French through 

Arabic. 



^ 



Persian ffl VOP:246; FVF:485,497; MON:2527,2529; PHN:187 


fer : oven 




Tom : a clay oven for baking bread 


o> 


farineh : a kind of thick bread ( <U> i 4 J i ) 


Cjjls 


There is an indication that Latin word "forn:oven" reached (old) Persian 




and then found its way back in Europe (France) through Arabic. 





Indo-European 03 pok:481,489; ahd 



~X 



Gwhi, Guha, Guhei: 



thread, string 






Avestan ffl pok:481 



Zya 2 : bow string 



Persian ffl HRN:150; BQT:1046 



Zeh 1 : bow string 



\, 



Latin 03 POK:489; ahd 



filum : (hread 



French 03 ahd 



fil : thread (used to tie papers) 
filet : a strip of boneless meat 



Persian 03 mon:2599 



flleh : filet 



iLs 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



file, filament, filet 



W 



Italian 03 ahd 



pro-filare : to draw 
an outline 



French 



Persian 03vop:117 



profll : shaped hollow metal extrusions 



J**« 



^ 



^ 



English 03 ahd 
profile 



186 



Gwou | Gyeu 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 kln:364; pok:483 
GWOU : cow, ox, hull 



^\ 



Avestan 03 kln:364 



gaus, gave, ga 3, gavo, gavam, gao: 

cow, domestic animal 



Persian 03 


SYN:202; BQT:1856 


HRN:210 


MON:3430 


gav : cow 






^ 


gu-pan: one 


who looks after cows ^^ Pa 


0^ 


gu-saleh:ca/f®"KsM 




<uUy 


gUSt:meaf 






C-wjy 



w 



Avestan 03 BQT:1855; POK:237 



gaO-Spenta : holy farm animal, sheep ** Kwen 
gao-di, gao-dana: milk container 



Persian 03 hrn:210 



guspand, gosfand: sheep jjJuy< JJw«y 



Sanskrit 03 pok:482 



gauh: cow 

g6-pa-h, g6pa : shepherd, protector'^' Pa 



I, 



l -Avestan / Sanskrit ffl hrn:237 



g6p, gON : to protect, preserve 
See HRN:237 notes for discussion 



I, 



(fAvestan 
03 HRN:237 



ni-gop : to hide, 
protect^ NT 1 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:262 



nihuftan : to hide 

FFD:80 derives this word from 

Old Persian "ni-thuf-ta: hide". 



Persian 03 MON:4870; HRN:236 



nehoftan : to hide ■si^i 






Old Persian 03 SOD:180 



gaitha : herd 



Sogdian 03 SOD:180 



gydh : herd 



Germanic 03 kln; ahd; pok 



kous: 



English 



Latin 03 ahd 



bos, bov-:c 



English 



beef 



Greek 03 ahd 



bous: 



English 



buffalo, butter 



Indo-European 

03 AHD:1520; POK:483 



GWOU: 



dung 



r 



Avestan 
03 POK:484 



gutha : dung 



^ 



Persian 03 BQT:1723,1863; HRN:211; SOG:57 



goh : dung 
CUd : fertilizer 
tlideh : pile, heap 






Gwou 



Gwuna 



Gyeu 



see root: Gwou 
see root : Gwen 1 
see root: Geu 3 



187 



Gyuna | Gzn 



Gyuna 



see root. 



Yau 



Arabic 03 fva:209 



G.z.l, Ghazah 



a new born deer, a wild goat 



Persian UJ fva:297 



gazal : antelope J| •! 

Gazaleh : a name <Jlji 

Hatef Esfahant l^jjjji Jrf>t>»o J ^UU _) cji> /jjlj 'y _ IfiJ-uOj /y }l fii ji> J Jl j* j^J ^1 y 



W 
^ 



Spanish 03 skt:209 



gacele 



French 03 kln:644 



gazel 



English 03 ahd:547 



Gazelle 



W I Pahlavi 03 BQT:1841; FVQ:122 



Parthian 03 S0D:182 



Gzn : ti 



ganj : treasure 

FVQ indicates that this word is 

possibly borrowed from a Median root 



W 



Arabic ffl FVQ:251 ; ARB:297 



KanZ : treasure 



W 



Arabic 03 PLA:108; FVQ:122; DOZ:60 



X.Z.n : he saves, stores 
maXZan : storage 
maxazin : storage 



x; 



Italian 



mazaZZinO : storage 



Persian UJ bqt:1838,1841 



ganj : treasure ( isfiS , JffiS ) piS 

gonjandan : to m in (jJb^S ) ^Jjl^ 



t: 



English 03 fsd:1313 



Jasper 1 : "treasurer", a male r 



Persian 03 mon:3096 



KanZ : treasure ( V-^5 ) 'yj 



Persian 03 fva 



«$}*• < ^l> < OJr*" < Oj^ 



French 


magasin : storage, store 


w 




Turkish 03 etm:70 




maghazeh : store 



English 03 kln:922 



magazine 



Persian 03 etm:70 



magazeh : shop, j}^ 



W 



W 



Arabic 03 KLN:648; FVA:82 



j.n.Z : covers, hides 
jenazeh : casket 



h 


Persian 03 fva:82 






jenazeh : casket dead body «j^ 



w 

^ 



Greek 

03 KLN:644; FVQ:251 



gaza : treasure 



Sogdian 03 S0D:182 



gzn : treasure 



Latin 



gaza : treasure, the smallest 
Venetian coin paid for 
a newspaper, newspaper 



French 



gazette 

newspaper 



English 

03 KLN:644 



gazette 



Habl | Haya 



H 



Aramaic 03vdQ:176 



A 



Habh 



V* 



Arabic 
03 KLN:216 



habl : rope, cable 



Persian UJ fva:89 



J^ 



habl : rope 



► Portuguese 03 kln:216 



cable 

KLN:216 claims this is a blend of Arabic "habl: 
rope" and Latin "caplum: a halter for cattle". 
AHD and FSD drive it from Latin (See "Kap"). 



French 
03 KLN:216 



kabl 



Persian 03 mon:2777 



kabl : cable 



^ 



U 



^ 



English 03 kln:216 



cable 

See root "Kap" for another possible root. 



Avestan 03 HRN:114; FVS:168,179 



A 



HaeiTI, Haya : character, r 



v* 



Pahlavi 

03 PHD:94; HRN:114 



XI m : temper, nature 



^ 



Persian UJ BQT:804; HRN:114; FSF:168,179 



XI m : temper, nature 

doZXim : bad tempered^ Dus 






Avestan ffl mon:5095 



A 



Havana : 



V* 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:5095 



havan : mortar 



^ 



Persian UJ BQT:2312; HRN:244 



havan : mortar 
Marzban Nameh 



D3^» 3 



03^ 



Haya 



see root: Haem 



189 



Hebhel | H.j.r 



Hebrew 03 kln:3 



~X 



rlGbllGl : breath, vanity, name of 
the second son of Adam and Eve 



W I Arabic 



Persian LLI AKM:1 ; MON6:2237 



HabTI : the second son of Adam and Eve 






w 
^ 



Greek 03 kln:3 



Abel 



Latin 



English 03 kln:3 



Abel 



Egyptian 03ahd:411 



~X 



Hebni 



: ebony tree (common in India) 



W 



Greek 03ahd:411 



ebnOS : ebony tree 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:26 



Persian 03 KLN:496; BQT:12 



abnUS: ebony o*yj\ 



W 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



ebeninUS : (made of) ebony 



English 



ebony 



^ 



Semitic ffl kln:694 



H .J . T : to emigrate 



Arabic Q kln:694 



h . j . r : to emigrate 



w 
^ 



Persiar 


1 03 FVA:443 








hejrat 


departure, departure 


of Mohammad from Mecca 


Oj^sA 








o't** ' J^W ' 




Hafez 


O 0i-**O )\ &£ ,*>» 


>J*) 


i ji ji - ^lj-»t> p—t Xo 


yZ »_JiLX9 ijlj jl 



Hebrew ffl KLN:694; FSD:1101 



Hagar : wandering 



English P3fsd:1101 



Hagaf: a Biblical name, mother of Ishmael 



190 



H.n.n H.n.n 



W 



Semitic 03 kln:701 



~X 



H . n . n : to have grace and kindness 



Arabic ffl kln:701 



H . n . n : to have grace 

Hannaneh : gracious, kind, also sad 
and sorry (possibly due to the 
hard crying of "Hannaneh" after 
the prophet Mohammad passed away). 



Persian ffl mon; fva:115 



hanan : kindness 

hannan : kind, gracious, one who cries 

hanin : sorrow, kindness 









W 



Hebrew ffl kln:701 



hanan : was gracious 

hannah : kindness, Anna 

iO-hanan : 'The Lord is gracious', John 



^ 



Persian 03 MON6:2343; AKM:36 



ui» 



•y. 



Yuhanna :Sa/n( John 

Yahya : "God is gracious, a male name" '*»&} 

SohbatLart U^-jj jX«i> Jm <0 ,^jJSjl jX&it> J>sS 



W 

L 



Old Persian 03 S0D:443 



yana : grace 



Sogdian 03 SQP:443 



y n : grace 



Greek 03 kln 



Anna : gracious 
IwannOS : gracious 



W 



I Latin 



English 03 KLN:78,831 



Anne, Ann, Anna 

John, Jane, Jean, Joanne 



Greek 03 KLN:813; OEW:x 



Ion 1 : Hellenic people who settled in 

the Mediterranean islands in 1100 BC. 
The link between the tribe names "Iwnios, Iwn, Iwnos and lawn" and 
"Iwannos: gracious", which is the root of many names, is not quite clear 



Wold Persian 03 



KLN:813; KNT:204 



yauna : Greek 



Persian UJ bqt:2549 



yunan : Greece 



b y. 



W 



Latin 03 kln:813 



lonillS : Ionian 



English 



Ionian, Ionic 



^ I Russian 03 kln:821 \>- 



English 03 kln:821 
Ivan 



191 



H.r.m H.s.n 



W 



Semitic 03 fva:98 



~X 



H.r.m: 



Arabic 03 KLN:703; FVA:98 



haram : forbidden 
harim : forbidden area 
harem : private quarters 
\Uram : prohibition 
Moharram : the month 
of fasting 



Persian 


03 FVA:98 






haram : 
harim : 
herman 


forbidden 

erritory, protected area 
: prohibition, disappointment 


( fy>A ,pj>Z ,f 3j M> )(■!/• 
< f 'A > fJ- 


hormat : dignity, respect 

ehram : entering a respectful state, pilgrim's 

Moharram : a month when certain acts are 


dress fi\ p-\ 
forbidden P^pfA 


Hafez 







English ffl KLN:703, TYL:568 



harem : women's quarters in a house 
ihram : pilgrim's dress 
Moharram : a lunar month 



W 

L 



Spanish 03 kln:704 



harmathan : forbidden, evil, a bad Sahara wind 



English 03 kln:704 



harmattan : a type of (bad) Sahara wind 



Spanish 03 kln:941 



marrano : forbidden, pork, t 



English 03 kln:941 



marrano : a Jew converted to Christianity 



W 
^ 



Hebrew 03 kln:723,937 



herem : forbidden 
mohoram-atta : you are under ban 



English 03 KLN:723,937 



herem : biblical ban, excommunication 

maranatha : curse 



Arabic 03 fva:101 



H.s.n: 



to be kind, to do good things 



^ I Arabic ffl FVA:101; HJB:419 



^ 



hosn : beauty, goodness 
Hasan, Hosayn: names of Mohammad's 
grandsons martyred in Karbala battle. 

Ya-Hasan! Ya-Hosayn! : cry of 

Moslems at procession of Moharram. 



^ I Hindustani 03 t 



Persian UJ fva:101 



hosn : goodness, beauty, advantage 'y^> 

Hasan : namefsj (^U?-l i>M t !fg^>) !f& 

ahsan : (word of} admiration ( '-h**^ ) '«**^l 



English 03 AHD:626; FSD:1166; KLN:735 



Hobson-jobson : corruption of Arabic phrase 
"Ya-Hasan Ya-Hosayn!" referring to a crowd excitement. 



192 



H.s.s | H.y.y 



Arabic 03 FVA:102; KLN:706 



~x 



H.S.S : to dry (a vegetable or plant) 



W 



Arabic 03 FVA:102; KLN:706 



hasTs : hemp 

HasaSin : hemp users, referred to the followers of Hasan Sabbah 
who used to kill their political enemies after using Hashish. 



Persian 03 fva:102 



hasTs : hemp 



\J^ J ir"-~ r 



English 03 kln:706 



hasis 



v* 



^ 



Italian 



aSSaSSinO : murder 



English 03kln:115; 



assassin, assassinate 



W 



Greek 03 AHD:644; KLN:752 



~x 



Hy3KI ntnOS : a bulbous plant with a cluster of very fragrant flowers. 
The word is apparently a pre-Hellenic word of the Mediterranean origin. 
BQT:2420 and SNS:299 interpret the Greek word as "a kind of poison". 



Pahlavi 
03 SNS:299 



yakand : ruby 



Persian 

03 BQT:2420; MON:5247; MZF:340 



yakand : ruby 



JJOU 



w 



Arabic 

03 BQT:2420; SNS:299 



yaqut: ruby 



Persian 03 SNS:299; FAF:712 



yaqut : ruby, also red lips OqSv 

Safaf QahfarrokTif 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd:644 



hyacinthUS : hyacinth 



French 



English 03 ahd 



hyacinth 



^ I Arabic 03 KLN:552; FVA:118 !► 



Semitic 03 KLN:552; FVA:118 



H.y.y: 



h.y.y : to live 

hayat : life 

haWWa : the living being, Eve 



W 
^ 



Hebrew 03 kln:552 



h 


Persian 03fva:118 






hayat : life 


( ^3- ) oL? 




ehya : to bring back to life, purify 


f'V'l 




hayavan : living creature, anima 


o'j^ 




hawa : Eve 


\y 




£*Cryt JL&£ 'j Ja3U> 3 


^ ji ji Ciij ^U- 




Hafez JJ_S \_fl (jLw>l <0 li—wlaS ^O 5-"*^ 



haWWa : a living being, Adam's wife 



Latin 03 KLN:552; AHD:453 



Eve 



English 03 ahd:453 



Eve 



193 



1112 



I 



I 1 



see root. 



Ei 



W 



Indo-European 03 P0K:281 ; knt:203 
I £, lO, t : pronominal stem 



Avestan 

03 POK:281,285; KLN:763 



itha, itta, aeta-vant : here, 

there, so, thus, then 






Avestan 


03 POK:283; 


KNT:203 


im 


iyam 


, imam 


she 


he, 


then 


it : that 










yo 


who, which, wha 








ya 


tara: 


which one 


(of two) 





Germanic / Old English 03 ahd | ►- 



Latin 03ahd 



idem, idei"l:same 
Tta-em : item 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:193,197; HRN:32 






Tdar : here ,Jj| 




idun : now, such l)^«UI 




Fsrdowst ^j, JjLiijj Ji ^jj» n'y _ ^J> Jjtjj jjjj -jlp- j Ji 



English 



yet, yes, if 



Indo-European 03 ahd:1520,1523 



E-terO : the other 

Ke-e-terO : other time, other part, again c ' 



c 



^ 



Latin 03 KLN:545; POK:284 



Ce-terUS : the other part 
et-Ce-terT : and other things *" Eti 



English 



identify, identical, identity 
item, iterate 



r 



Avestan 03 KLN:545; POK:284 



a-tara: one of the two 

at-zur 



English 



et cetera 



194 



1 2 laro 



Indo-European 03 pok:281 



I 2, lo, E 



PART 2 



~X 



pronominal stem 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



^ Indo-European 03 pok:73,75,281,286 

AU 3, AUO, 0\-r\0: one, this one 
Ui, UO:or 



^ 



W 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:73,75,286; BQT:2417; KNT:164 



ava 2, aiva, aeva, aeva, aivaka : one 
aeva-data, aeva-dasa:efewjn®"Dekm 

aiva-ciy : nothing^ Kwo 
va, va : or 



w 



Pahlavi 03 BQT; SNS:91; GPL41 



evak, yak : one 

yacdah : eleven 
hec : nothing 

ayab, aya, ayao : c 



Persian 03 BQT:241 7,2446 


SNS:86,91 


yak, yek : one 


uX> 


yazdah : eleven 


>*}k 


NIC : nothing, no 
ya: or 





Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:74 



Uta, Uta, Uiti : and 



Sogdian 03 SQP:72 



'{y-.and 



W 



Pahlavi 
03 SNS:256 



Ud : and 



Persian 03 BQT:2242; SNS:256; TZF:20; MON:4921 



O, VB-.and i ,i 

Ferdowsr ' > , > p j\jj y V*?.J-^ f J-^ - J^ JiA*~" 3 J^"^* 3 V"**' 3 <V 

The Arabic "va" pronunciation has influenced the Persian pronunciation 



W 



Old Persian / Sanskrit 

03 POK:75,286; BQT:199; TZF:13; SOD:85,220 



aina, ena, aita, aeta : this one, this 
ima, imam : this 



Sogdian 03 SOD:85,220 



'yd -.this 

mw : this 



^ 



(•Pahlavi 03 mon:345,421 



en : this 

im : this 






Germanic 03 ahd 



ainaz, ainigaz: one 





Persian UJ mon; tzf:13 




in : this •_>! 

em : this (JLfll ,L-Jlfll tJsjA) (4 








English 


one, an, none, eleven, alone, any 



Latin 03 ahd 



UnUS: one 
ne-ullllS:nofany, null 



English 



union, onion, ounce, inch, unique, unite, unit, universe 
null 



la 1 



la 2 



lag 



laro 



see root: Ei 

see root: Ya 

see root: Yag 

see root: Ei 



195 



latis lo 



latis 



latom 



see root: latos 
see root: latos 



Indo-European 03 IEC:441 



A 



latos, latom, latis 



going, movement, crowd, turn, period 






Avestan 03 IEC:441 



yatem : road 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:441 



yatam : road 



Persian UJ IEC:441 



jaddeh : mad 



MON:1202 claims "jaddeh" is an Arabic word while FVF:140 and 
AFM:39 indicate that Arabic has borrowed it from Persian 



le 



lero 



leu 



see root: Ei 
see root: Ei 
see root: Yeu 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:512 
leUO, YeWO:gra/n 



"~X 



Avestan 

03 SYN:513; POK:512; KLN:1766 



ava : grain 



ya' 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:594 



jaV : grain, barley 



Sogdian 03 S0D:448 



yw : barley 



Persian 03 bqt:594 



JO : barley -?• 

}yj» L5jlJi C-3U? <lx>l {£ yj* 

Sa'dt ^^j^ Jj&loA5 PXo Cm y? <0 



v* 

^ 



Greek 03ahd 



Zeiai : grain 



English 03 kln:1766 



Zea : a genus of grasses 



Turkish 03 kln:656 



A 



Ijlak, Yelek :sfeerefessc 



Persian 03 bqt:584 



jalTtqeh : waist coat without sleeves 



( <siLU ) ijiS* 



w 



Arabic 03 kln:656 



jaleCO : coaf of Christians 



| Spanish 



French 



Persian 03vop:206 



zilet: 



< ^J > ^J 



^ 



English 03 kln:656 



gilet 



lo 



see root: 1 2 



196 



Isto lu 



w 



Indo-European 03 kln:35 



~X 



IStO : a suffix meaning most or last 



Avestan / Old Persian G3 knt:191,202 



ISta : a superlative suffix 



W 



V 



Avestan 03 KNT:202; TZF:26; BQT:2133 



asa-vah-ista, arta-vah-ista : best justice^ Ar 

Vah-ista : best place, heaven ^Su 1 
ZOizd-ista : most abominable, ug/y^Ghsis 
[ar\\-\s{a : most pulled together, tight^ Tank 



Persian 03 mon; bqt; tzf 


OrdTbehest: "best justice" 


C-wi$*Jp )l 


behest: "best place" 


cJS+j 


Zest : ugly 


C-i^j 


tang : tight ( <&o 


W*v*) ) LXo 



Avestan 03 KNT:202; TZF:26; BQT:2133 



nazd-ista : c/osssf, (refused 
f ra-ista : mosf plentiful^ Pal 1 

mas-ista, math-ista, maz-ista : greatest 

^Mak, Mag 
kas-ista : feasf ®" Kak 3 



Persian 


ffl MON; BQT; TZF 






naxost: 


"closest", first ( 


.XOj3 


) UwM 


farhast 


too much, magic 




CwJ>i 


mehast 


: greatest 




Cw^ 


kast : least, deficiency, lacking 




C-wjO 




iSy Jt^> -^ 


6*i 


J Cww*»0 


Abu-Nasr 


Vlarghzf 


Cww*»0 


I J &*#+$>■ 



w 



Avestan 03 BQT; KNT:191; POK:775 



Spenta-ista : holiest^ Kwsn 
duva-ista : farthesf away^*" Dsu 2 
drUW-ista : healthiest^ Dsru 1 
aS-istO:fas(es(®"0ku 
Sra-esta : most beautiful, best^ Krai 



W 



Germanic 

03 KLN:543; AHD:448 



istaz, isto 



^ 



Old English 03 KLN:1007; AHD:126 



-est, -ost 

lat-est : latest, last 
bet-est : best 

mae-st : most 

fyr-St : first 




lu 



see root. 



Yu 



197 



Jabra J.b.b 



J 



Jabra 



see root: J.b.r 



Arabic 03ahd:192 



Jamah 



W 
^ 



Greek 

03 AHD:192 



kamelos 



Latin 

03 AHD:192 



camelus 



Old French 03 ahd:192 



chamel, chameal 



Persian 03 fva:81 



jamal : camel Ao^- 



English 03 ahd 



camel 



Sanskrit 03ahd:710 



JanC|alan : wasteland covered with wild growths 



W 



Hindustani 03 kln:836 



jangal : forest 



A 



Persian 03 bqt:592 



jangal : forest jSjcj- 



^ 



English 03 KLN:836; AID:140 



jungle 



Arabic 03 fva:67 



~X 



J . D. D : a long woolen 



garment 



Persian ffl fva:67 



jobbeh : garment 



W 



^ 



Spanish 03 fsd:1333 



JLlba : garment 



French 03 phn:221 



jupe, jupon : skirt 



I 



Persian 03 VOP:204 



ZU P : skirt ( ^ , y^^jV) ^ 



English 03 KLN:836; FSD:1333 



jupon, jupe, mini-jupe 



198 



J.b.l J.b.l 



W 



Semitic 03 kln:169 



~X 



J.b.l 



Arabic 03 KLN:170; FVA:6 



j.b.l, \aba\ : mountain 
jabal-al-tariq : mountain of Tariq. 
Tariq invaded Spain in 711. 



Persian 03 fva:6 



jabal : mountain ( JL^. ) J^. 

jabal-Ottareq : Gibraltar |3jU»Jl Ac? 



^ 



English 03 kln:655 
Gibraltar 



v* 



Hebrew ffl kln:169 



gebhal : mountain, frontier town, a Phoenician port where papyrus was sold 



W 



^ 



Greek ffl KLN:169; NAT:110 



bublos : Greek name of the "Gebhal" port, 
assimilated from Hebrew word "Gebhal". 
Rolled paper from Gebhal. 

Dlbua : collection of writings, book 



Latin 

03 KLN:169 


► 


English 

03 KLN:169; AHD:129 

Bible, biblical 
bibliography 


biblia : doc* 







199 



W I Arabic 03 KLN:633; FVA:67 



J.b.r Jur 



Aramaic 03 KLN:633; SOR:41 



~x 



J . D. I* : to reunite, join together, force 
JdDTd : powerful, man 



J . D . f : to reunite, force 

AI-Jabr-w'al-Moqabalah : -Reunion 

and Comparison", title of the first book 
on Algebra. It was written in Arabic by 
Al-Kharazmf, the ninth century Iranian 
mathematician. ~^ Ghdhem 



Persian UX fva:67 



jabl": force, algebra ( j^j^o t jL»l t jfc>) ^j^- 

jabarut : mightiness, celestial kingdom O5 **> 

jobran : compensation "A y^- 
"Jobran" is does not exist in Arabic. 



^ 



French 03 phn:26 



algebre 



English 03 kln:48 



algebra 



Persian UJ MON:3193; SOR:41 



gabf : man, referred to Zoroasthans, a non-believer (in Islam) ~J 



BQT:1774 does not agree with this derivation. 



v* 



Hebrew 03 kln:633 



gabhaf : was strong, man 
Gabhri-el : "man of God", 
Gabriel^ Layh 



Arabic 



JebraTI : Gabriel 



Wl 



Latin 



French 



h 


Persian UJ mon:1215 


' 




JebreTI : Gabriel (man of God) 


dtfj*? 








Persian 03 mon 


Gabfiyel : "man of God", a male name 


d<J 



^ 



English 03 kln:633 
Gabriel 



Jol 



Jor 



Jur 



see root: Ul 
see root: Ul 
see root: Ul 



200 



Ka 1 K.a\b 



K 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:515 



A 



t\3 1 , (*23 : to wish, desire 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:515 



ka 2, kam 2, kama : desire 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:1578; SNS:209 



kam : desire 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:186 



k m : wish, desire 



Persian UJ bqt:1578 



kam 1 : desire (j\$J$ ^LMS") ^ ?\$ 

fo j Xm fjb ,vy^> ^>Ij> jj 4j 

Asadt <>tj |tJw[») 



J y ^ i?) 6 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:515; knt:173 



canah, cinah, cinman : desire 

aspa-Canah : horse lover ^Ekwos 



Germanic 03 kln:1743 



horaZ : one who desires 



English 



whore 



Latin 03 pok:515 



CarUS : desire 



English 



caress, charity, cherish 



Ka2 



see root: Kwon 



Arabic 03 FVA:353; KLN:380; PHN:131 



A 



K.a\b: 



h 


Persian ffl fva:353 






ka D : ankle bone, cube root i—**5 




Ka DQ\\ : Kaaba, center point 4yj£> 




moka'ab : cube, cubic u-Jtlfl 




Eraqf A 4jl> ^ j$ <0 lJ>S j> ^> fyy> j$ y> <0 _ JiJlljJ Jbj f j> <0 *l&j <U_*_5 ^J>\A> <0 



w 



^ 



Greek 03 KLN:380; PHN:131 



kubos, kybos:cuoe 

POK:589 & AHD:320 derive Greek "kubos:cube" from 
Indo-European "Keube:hump, bent". See root "Geu 1" 



fc 








Kaaba, Caaba 










Latin 

03 WEB:441; FSD:626 


► — 


English 

03 AHD:320 

cube 


CUbuS : cube 



201 



Kad 1 Kafa 



Indo-European ffl pok:517 
IacICi 1 : sorrow, hatred 



^\ 



w 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:517 



Sadra:pa/n, grief 



Persian 03 BQT:1069; MON:1790 



Sar : grief, pain 



rp 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hatiz : hate 



English 



hate 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:516 



A 



Kad 2: 



Latin 03 POK:516; ahd 



Cadentia : a fall, a chance 

ob-cad-ere, occasio : to fa// 

down as an opportunity, occasion 



French 03 ahd 



Persian UJ V0P:56,234 



Cans : chance 
Okazton : opportunity 



lT* 



,U 



0#J 



tfl 



V* 



English 03 ahd 



chance, occasion 



W 



^ 



Latin 03 POK:516; ahd 



cad-ere : to fail 

ad-cad-ere, accidere : to fail upon, accident 

in-cad-ere, incidere : to fail upon, incident 

Casicare : to fall (cascade) 
de-Cad-ere : to fall down, decay 



English 03 ahd 



accident 
incident 
cascade 
decay 



Avestan 03 HRN:192; KGW:281 



Rata : foam 
This is cognate with Sanskrit "kapha" 
and Russian "kaplja: drops" 



^ 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 mon:2997 



kaf : froth, foam 



Sogdian 03 S0D:199 



kwb : foam 



Persian UJ BQT:1658; MON:2997,3002 



ka1: foam, froth,, ather ( gtf , >f\ JS ) JS 

kafC-l IZ : a ladle for removing scum or foam from liquids wJw 

MolavT J J? <JV o~i ^ Oj f sH* 

IEC:481 derives Persian "kofc: ladle" from 
Indo-European root "Kauks: shell, bowl, cup" 



</* jUw y» J£# ;y\ ji y 



202 



Ethiopian ffl kln:309 



Ia3TT3 : the plant or drink coming from Kaffa, 
a district in southwestern Ethiopia 



v* 



Arabic 



qahwah : a drink c 
plant from Kaffa 



W 



Turkish 
03 AHD:258 



qahve' : coffee 



Italian 



^ 



French 



Kaffa | Kagas 



Cafe' : coffee, 
also a coffee house 



^ 



"~X 



Persian UJ mon:2756 



qahveh : coffee jaii 



Persian 03 mon:2851 



kafeh : coffee house 



is*6 



English 03 AHD:258; KLN:309 



coffee, cafe', caffeine 



Pahlavi 03 mon:3005 



Kafl:, 



V* 



Persian UJ mon:3005 



kafs : shoe 



JM 



I Arabic 03 mon:3005 



Persian UJ mon:3000 



KaffaS : shoe maker or mender 



J>\& 



^ 



W 



Greek 03 I EC: 1628 



kaukiS: a kind of shoe 

kaukalon:(joo(sha* 



^ 



Armenian 03 I EC: 1628 



kaWSik : shoe 



Iranian 03pla:11 



A 



Kaftan 



a silk-filled war garment 



Persian ffl BQT:759; MON:1431 



Xaftan : armor 






w 

^ 



Arabic 

03 PLA:111 



qaftan : 



Turkish 
03 BQT:760 



qaftan 



Russian 

03 AHD:187 



kaftan 



English 03 KLN:220; AHD:187 



Caftan : a long-sleeved garment 



Kag 



Kagas 



see root: Keg 
see root: Kagas 



203 



Kagas | Kak 1 



Turkish 03 SIN:559 



~X 



Kagas, Kagat, Kagas, Kagaz: 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 SIN:559; PLA:225 



kagad : paper 

Chinese paper was imported in Iran {Samarghand) 
as early as 650 AD but the word "kagaz" was 
not borrowed from the Chinese word "Ku-Cih". 



Persian 03 bqt:1569 



kagaz : paper jj.\$ 

Sa'df JJJ^jj Jv ^J-* .3 *~ ^^^JS 



Kagat 



Kagaz 



see root: Kagas 
see root: Kagas 



Avestan 03 BQT:1612; SOD:193 



A 



Kahrpu, Kharpuna: z. 



^ 






Pahlavi 03 BQT:1612; SOD:193 



karpu, krpwk : t/zarrf 



Sogdian 03 S0D:193 



krps'k://zard 



Persian UJ mon:2933 



karbaSU : lizard y^>,S 

AzanTusr ybp 'j }yi y) Jifc O y» - y»\ j I j 0*X$5 *& jJ&~J* 



Indo-European 03 pok:522 



~X 



Kak1 



: to have power, help, enable 



W 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:522; HRN:152; FFD:58 ► 



Sak, Sac, Sax : to do, make 
Sacaiti : able, qualified, deserving 



Persian 03 HRN:152,160,162; BQT:1137; POK:522 



saxtan : to bum ( J$ jL, , J> jL , 0-4J ^) tf*^ 
sezidan : to qualify ( j\j\y> , \y> ) 0-4>» 



Avestan 03 pok:522 



Cagad : helped 

cageman : gift 

Cagvah : offered 



Sanskrit 03 pok:522; 



Saknoti : he is able to do 
Slksati : he helps, serves 
Cakta : strong, hard 



Pahlavi 03bqt:1106 



Saxt : hard 



h 


Persian UsnS:173 


' 




Saxt : hard, difficult G*iw 



^ 



English P3ahd:1205 



Sikh : a follower of Sikhism (a Hindu religious community) 



W 

^ 



Old English 03 pok:522 



haeCCan : to hatch 



English 03ahd:603 
hatch 



204 



Kak 2 KakTna 



Indo-European 03 pok:523 



~X 



Kak 2, Kank, Kakha 



twig, branch 






W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:523 



Saxa, Caxa : branch 



h 


Persian ffl POK:523; BQT:1219; SYN:525 


' 




Sax : horn, branch ( 4>L& ) jfUi 



Sanskrit 03 pok:523 



Sakala : part, f 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:1280 


' 




Seklah : slice, piece, a torn piece of garment AjSJj 



Sogdian 03 S0D:376 



Snk : branch 



Indo-European 03 pok:521 



A 



Kak 3 



to become thin 



v* 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:521; FFD:67 



kaSU : small 
KaS : to reduce 

kas-yah:fess®"Yah5 

kas-ista : smallest, least^ Isto 



^ 



Persian UJ HUB:86; BQT:1564; HRN:185; FFD:67 



-ak : suffix Indicating smallness 
kastan : to reduce 



( Siy ) S . 



Cr* 1 



tf 



Forugh Farrokh-Zad 

See "Akos" for another possible root of suffix "-ak" 



W 



Aramaic / Indo European 03 pok:349; bqt:1572; ahd:1520 



A 



Ia3K 4, udC| : a round object (loaf), cake 
This word is apparently of Egyptian origin 



Persian ffl bqt:1572 



kak : dry hard bread, a dry cookie 



S\$ 



W 



Arabic 03 SDQ:71; PLA:233 



ka' k : a dry bread 



Persian 03 bqt:1572 



ka' k : dry bread ^^ 



V 



Germanic 03 pok:349; ahd 



kakan 



English 



cake 



Dutch 03 AHD 



koek 



English 



cookie 



Kakha 



KakTna 



see root: Kak 2 
see root: Kakis 



205 



Kakis Kam 1 



Indo-European 03 IEC:599 



~X 



Kakis, Kakus, Kak?na : P Ae 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:599 



Sakulah : spur on cow's hoof 



Persian 03 IEC:599 



Sagak : buckle SSm 



Kakus 



Kal 



Kalwo 



see root: Kakis 
see root: Kur 
see root: Kelewo 



Indo-European 03 IEC:466 
Ram 1 : to restrain 



A 



Persian 03 IEC:466; MON:3076 



kamand : halter JSjS 

Hafez J^jL** jiSSjJ ola_j» J_> CPj-"^ "^— ^ - *— J -^>"* *— ^) )' ^ l/*-M OW 3 J*¥ c* 






Greek 03 IEC:466 


► 


Latin 03 IEC:466 


kemOS : halter 


CamUS : halter, yoke 










Dutch 03 IEC:466 


fc 


' 


haam : halter 





English ffl IEC:466 



flame : part of a harness 



206 



Kam 2 Kam 2 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:524,525 



~X 



KaiTI 2, Kamer, KaiTip:to(jend, also a cavity, vault 

Qam, Qem 

See and compare with "Geu 1: to bend" 



Avestan 03 pok:524 



kamara : waist, 

belt, also a vault 



Persian 03 BQT:1694; MON:3068 



kamar : waist, belt 

kamra : a room with high ceiling, also a stable 



A'ma'q Boxaraf 



c 



■"»" "" "■ "'"" " " — 'S» 



English 03 ahd 



cummerbund, kummerbund 



Old Persian 03 POK:524,525 



kanpa : to bend 
Cam : to bend, 
move fluently 
Compare with Avestan 
"xumba: bent" from 
Indo-European "Geu 1:to bend". 



h 


Persian ffl POK:525; BQT:620,658,661 ,768,1439; HRN:99; FFD:48 


' 




Capeh : turned over, bent 4_*_£ 




Cap : left i_-^ 

V If 




Cafteh : bent ( ^ ) <£JL> 




CamTdan 1 : walk flauntily ( J\^ ,^JiL> ) ^ ^Xy*| 




Xam : a curve ( AJiU> , ^J^> ) ' Jr 
Hafez ^JJOwii ( yi^ JiU e ^yt^J jS fXcJb 



w 



Greek 03 ahd 



kamara : a vault 

kaminOS : fire 

for heating a room 



Latin 03 ahd 



camera : mom 

CaminUS : hearth 



French 03 ahd 



cabaret 
chambre 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:2777 



kabareh : 

cabaret 



w 



\JS 



English 03 ahd 



cabaret, chamber 



V» 



English 03 ahd 



camera, chimney 






Germanic 03 ahd 



himin, hibin : the vault (of heaven) 



English 



heaven 



Latin 03 POK:525; AHD:193 



CampUS : bent (land between 
mountains), a valley, open field 

Campania : (open fields) name of an 
area in Italy famous for its scales 



French 03 kln:266 



champaigne 

open country, also 
name of a French district 
famous for its wine 



x^ 



Persian UJ mon:2001 



sampayn : vl 

Champaign 



LflU 



English 03 kln:266 



Champaign, champion, camp 



V. 



^ 



h 


Persian ffl MON:2896; ARK:222; PLA:216 






Capan : a weighing scale ( Awl 4 Aw) ) Aw 



207 



Kamer | Kamp 



Kamer 



see root: Kam 2 



Indo-European 03 wld:601; ieC:1044 



Kamma, Quomn, Sqombh-no: 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 WLD:601; KNT:179; IEC:1044 



kamna, kamno : little 



^ 



Persian UJ bqt:1689 



kam : uttie 
kamTn : least 



»^**J& ^o JJj ^j&*& o u 






Kamp 



see root: Kam 2 



208 



Kand 1 Kank 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:526 



~X 



Kand 1 , Qand : to shine, to be white 



Sanskrit 03 pok:526 



kandrak : shining 

kandana, kundruka -.sandalwood 



W 



Pahlavi ffl sin:585 



kundumk : sandalwood 



Persian ffl SIN:552,585; BQT:664,1174,1705; MON:1930 



kondor : incense ( ^JJ^ t JjJ^ ) jjjj 

Sandal : sandalwood, sandal shoe yJJwtf 

Sandall : chair (originally made of sandalwood) JjJw» 

Asjadr Marvazf 



I, 



4-Greek 
03 KLN:1380; SKT:462 



Santalon : sandal tree 
Santalion : sandal shoe 



► Latin 



I, 



-( [•French " 



English 



sandal 



W 



Sanskrit 03ahd:1149 



Candrah-raga : bright red (resin from tree) 



W 



Greek 03ahd:1149 



sandarak, sandaraxe 

a red resin from trees 



Arabic 03 tad:37 



sendarus : 

a resinous tree 



W 



Persian UJ mon:1929 



sandarus ( 8 j.Ui ) ^jiii 

a resinous tree and its red resin 



Latin 03ahd 



Sandraca : red pigment, red r 



English 03ahd:1149 



sandarac 



^ 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:231 



CandidllS : glowing white 
Candidare : to make white or bright 
CandidatllS : candidate (due to their 
white toga) 



French 



candidat 



Persian 03 MON:2874 



kandTd : candidate Ijjjj^ ( Jjjj^ 



English 



candid, candidate, candle, chandelier, incandescent 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



kandhela : light, 

lamp, candle 



Arabic 

03 TAD:59; BQT:1545 



qandTI : light, lamp 



^ 



Persian 03 MON:2734; ARK:235 



qandTI : lamp iU^** 

Manuchshrt lfr>l/« (J >J-XS ijJ Jj-9 



Kand 2 



Kank 



see root: Skand 
see root: Kak2 



209 



Kanunu | Kapastay 



Akkadian 03 MON:2875; BQT:1580 



Kanunu:sei i 



^-» | Syriac B3 mon:2875 | 
^ I Arabic 03 mon:2875 



^ 



~X 



Persian 03 BQT:1580; MON:2875 



kanun : fireplace, hart ' \A\$ 

Anvarf <^yu ^3 pj\£- ^ 'j\ JjlJ - A U y *J£* J»3\ } ^O y> 



Indo-European 03 pok:527 

Kap, Qap :urap 






Old Persian 03 bqt:636 



Cifsati : attach 



h 


Persian LLI POK:527; HRN:98; IEC:473 


' 




CasbTdan : to attach ,'\Xw«^ 



Old Persian 

03 POK:527; HUB:89 



kapithe : a box for 

measuring grain 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:3010 



kapic 



Greek 



kapsa : box, i 



I Arabic 03 mon:2700 



Latin 03 pok:524 



Capere : to take 
Capsa : case, box 
for-CepS : fire tongs ^Gwhei 



French 



t 



Persian ffl mon:3010 



kaVIZ : a measure of capacity Vj<J 





Persian 03 bqt:1534 






qafas : cage „Ju) 






Persian 03 MON:1997,2777,2896 


«m>U i AjW i Oy-^ 



English 03 ahd 



case, capsule, cable, chassis 
catch, receive, deceive, forceps 

See root "Habl: rope" for another possible root for "cable". 



v» 



English 03 ahd 



capstan, caption, captive, accept, except 



V* 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



haben : to have 

hafigaZ : containing something, heavy 



English 



have, heavy 



Old Persian / Avestan 03 brt:436 



KapaStay, KapaStJ : poison, a bitter plant 



V* 



^ 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:187 



kapast : poison 



Persian UJ bqt:1588 



kabast : poison ( y^S ) C-wW 

Ferdowst C~*J> jii-O J ji>) iyi ^JU O - C~»±l r-^J^> JJ>) OiwiLS \ j% 



210 



Kapasti | Kapul 



Kapasti 



see root: Kapastay 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:530 

Kapho:/ioof 



Avestan 03 pok:530 



Safa : hoof 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hofaz : hoof 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:164 



sumb 1 -.hoof 



Persian UJbqt:1163 



SOm : hoof ( lr> ii ) < J!, 



Persian UJ MON:1825; SOD:65 



Safal : hoof (of a camel) ( Jli , JJL& , Jii ) JJU 



English 



hoof 



Greek 03 AHD:199; KLN:234 



KappariS : a shrub 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 AFM:131; KLN:234 



cappans 



~X 



Persian 03 KLN:234; SKT:75; BQT:1587; KGW:98; AFM:131 



kabar : a shrub 

KGW:98 indicates that this word reached 
Europe from Old Persian through the Greek 



( \J*iJ . ' j? ) jr 



English 



caper 



Old Persian 03 M0N6:1487 



lAapUl : city of Kabul lh Afgahlstah 



v* 



Pahlavi 

03 MON6:1487 



kapul 



^ 



Persian UJ MON6:1487; AHD:589; VFO:24 






Kabol : Kabul 
kowll : gypsy 
kabolT : a dried fruit from Kabul 



Note that the English word "gypsy", short for "E-gypsi-an", is from 
a different root but was used to refer to Kabul nomads who migrated 
to Europe in the 14th & 15th century and were mistaken with Egyptians. 



^ 



English 03 kln:272 



Kabul 

Chebule : a dried fruit (originally from Kabul) 



211 



Karl Karl 






Indo-European 03 POK:531; IEC:1056,1632 



~x 



Kar 1, Qar 1, Quseros, Qhar/ . 

KarKar, KOnC|ar : hardened or fortified, armor, fort 



Avestan 03 POK:531; SYN:1201 



XfatU : mental strength, intelligent work 



Pahlavi 



Xfat : intelligence 



Persian UJ bqt:729 



Xerad : intelligence 



X 7t 



Sanskrit 03 POK:531; KLN:703 



Xara : hard, rough 

karkarah : hard 

karkatah : crab (hard body) 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:697; WLD:355; SYN:173 



Xar : hard, rough 

kar-cang : crab 



Persian 03 bqt; hrn 



Xar 2 : thorn 



,y> 



Xara : a hard stone \<\-> 



xarcang : crab S^ 



^ 



Avestan 

03SOD:166 



Xara : a harsh 

voiced animal, 

donkey 



Pahlavi 03 WLD:355; SYN:173 



Xar : donkey, harsh 
Xar-bara : donkey load 

^Bhsr 1 
Xar-bllZ : harsh melon 

or cucumber 



v* 



Persian UJ BQT; HRN; FVF:190 



Xar : donkey, symbol of harshness 



Jr> 



5a' dt Xkb ]_> 'jyj> JjL) (jy? 



Sogdian 03 S0D:166 



Xr : donkey 

Xr-tr' k, Xara-tara : related to a donkey, mule 



Persian UJ mon:2615 



qater : mule ( J>\£ ) J»lS 



V 



w 



Sanskrit 03 POK:531; IEC:1632 



kankarta, kankatih : fortified, 

armor 



Persian UJ IEC:1632; MON:3102 



kongareh : battlement on a castle wall ' ajc$ 

Molavt "Li^ •yij ^La j| £j$ y j j \j _ ,jj~X*X« jl J»j5 ^IjJJ SjSlS 



Germanic 

03 KLN:703; AHD 



harduz : hard 



Old French 03 ah d : 1 257 



estandard : standing firm, 
a flag or rule that 
stands firm ^Sta 



Persian 03 mon:239 



estandard : standard 



} )ljjw«l 



English 



standard 



English 



hard, Richard, Bernard 
Leonard, Gerard 



W 



Greek 03ahd:351 



keratOS : strength, government 

demos-keratos : people's 

government Da 

karkanos : crab 



French 03 ahd 



Persian 03 mon:1561 



demokrasT : democracy f»\$ yO 



V* 



^ 



English 



democracy 



English 



carcinogen 






Latin 03 kln:230 



CarcrO : hard 

Cancer : hard bodied animal, crab 



English 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1056 



Qusero: 



212 



scrape, scratch 



]T 



Persian 03 I EC: 1056 



XarTdan : to scratch, itch 



< J>j& ) 0-4j^ 



Kar 2 | Karpurah 



Turkish 03 TTS:79 



~X 



Kar 2, Qar 2 -.tiack, o«, badiuck 



►— I Persian 03 mon:2650, 2670 



qareh : Mat* ( | J ) 8 J 



W 



Turkish 03 FSD:398; AHD:201 



kara-kulak, qara-qulaq : 

a wild cat with "black ears" 



h 


Persian ffl mon:2670 


' 




qareh-qulaq : black-ear cat, caracal l3^9* i 
Compare with "syah-gusri:caracal" from root "Kei 1" 



► French 03ahd:202 



^ 



English 03 fsd:398 



Caracal : a wild cat with black ears 



Karkar 



see root. 



Karl 



Sanskrit 03 KLN:238; SYN:402 



~x 



Karpasah: 



h 


Persian ffl KLN:238; MON:2932 


' 




karpas : cotton cloth U^$ 



w 



Arabic 

03 MON:2932;KLN:238 



karbas 



Persian 03 mon:2932 



WarbclS : cotton cloth lA*£ 

VahshT j\p ^ j| JjJ>J ^ ^lyj 



v* 

^ 



Greek 03 kln:238 



karpasos : cotton 



Latin 03 kln:238 



English 03 kln:238 



carbasus : tint 



Sanskrit 03 kln:229 



~X 



Karpurah, Karpurah: 



camphor tree 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 VDQ:356; BQT:1571 



kapUT: campho. 



Persian 03 bqt:1571 



kafUT: camphor <A\$ 

Manuchehrt ^p")| ^ ^Lw» j! i'j^-M - jj_90 ^jl £^r p j! ijJji 



t: 



(•Arabic 03 PLA:225; DOZ:47; VDQ:356 



kafur 

TAD:60 derives this from Greek "kafoura". 



4-Middle Latin 
03 KLN:229 



camphora 



► French 



^ 



English 03 kln:229 



camphor 

AHD traces this to the 
Malay word "kapur: chalk" 



Karpurah 



see root: Karpurah 



213 



Karsvar Katara 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 brt:459; hrn:191 



~X 



Karsvar: 



a "circle" of land, country 



w 
^ 



Pahlavi 03 brt:459 



klSVar : country 



Persian 03 BQT:1656; BRT:459 



kesvar : country 



js j£ 



Kas 1 



see root : Kes 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:533; wld1:358 

Kas 2 



~x 



to direct, command 



w 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:533; BRT:1574; SYN:1338; BQT:354 



SaS 1 , Sah 1 : command 
Sasta, Sastai": rater, oppressor 
SaXVan, Sasna: instructions, teachings 
paiti-Sahva : return of speech, answer^*" Per 3 



^ 



^ 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:354,1573; MON:1843 



Sastar : ruler, oppressor 
Sastareh : bad domination 
SOXVan : instructions, speech 
paSSaXV, paSUX: answer 



Persian 

03 BQT:354,1072,1107; HRN:160; MON:1796; FSF:99 



Sasta : oppressor, demon jU^Lu < w«w 

SOXan : speech 

paSOX : answer 

See "Kens" for another possible root of "soxan". 
See "Wegwh" for another possible root of "pasox" 






Avestan 03 MON:2987; SOD:204; BQT:1651 



Kasyapa : tortoise 

Cognate with Sanskrit "kacyapa" 



>— Persian 03 MON:2987; BQT:1651; HRN:191 



W 
^ 



Sogdian 03 SOD:204 



kysf : tortoise 



kasaf : tortoise 
Rudak 






Jj^l »J& <<^uo y 1 r j3 JxJo _ JjJj J\&y~ °y^' *— ^ t)y% 



Sanskrit 03 bqt:1555 



~X 



Katara: 



shy, disoriented, wandering 



V k 



^ 



Persian ffl bqt:1555 



katureh : wandering, disoriented, dizziness 



tf 






Persian words may be cognates with rather than derivatives from Sanskrit 



214 



Kau Kavuta 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:535; wld:331 
KaU, QaU 1 : to strike, beat 



~~\ 



Avestan 

03 SYN:290; WLD:331; SNS:150 



k6s : strike 

fra-kosaiti : wis 

kau-kusati : tries, fights 
thwaxsa : try 



Persian 03 bqt:1648, 1731 



kostan : to km 

kuSldan : to try, to fight 



*jlojtxo Ow> 3 <£Jjy )' ^ - [*?,' 






ljlo_?i_o_fc 



£ 0\— UJ 'J> 



tfM) 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



haujam : cut grass 



English 



hay, hoe 



Indo-European 03 IEC:483; POK:434 



A 



Kau 2, Qau 2, Kaukos: / , 



raucous bird 



w 
^ 



Sanskrit 03ahd:1521 



Cakora : partridge 



Persian UJ IEC:1521; MON:2888 



kabk : partridge S*£ 



Kaukos 



see root: Kau 2 



^ 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:43 



A 



Kavuta : 



gray, dark blue 



Old Persian 03 ISS:43 



kapautaka : gray, dove 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:187; KNT:178 



kapot, kapotar 



V 



Sogdian 03 ISS:43; SOD:191 



kp'wtk:M/e 

kp'wt'ychic/oi/e 



Persian UJ BQT:1589; MON:2890 



kabud : gray, dark blue, purple Ji ^ 

kabutar : dove ( jtf$ ) J^S 

)W ?*j^ j-ij <0 *$ I C-X& fAt 

Hafez cUwOljl 2> jiXi JLw OJj ^> Jb'j 

CEL6:46 derives "kabutar" from 
Indo-European "Kepro: a kind of bird" 






Latin 03 ISS:43 



Capotes : dove (a Latih-Armehiah word) 



Greek 03 ISS:43 



kapauta : dove (a Greek-Armehiah word) 



Sanskrit 03 ISS:43 



kapota : dark blue, dove 



215 



Kayik | Keanos 



Turkish 03 kln:220 



~X 



Kayik :f) af 



W 
^ 



Italian 03 kln:220 



French 03 phn:85 



h 


Persian 03 MON:2629; ARK:214 


' 




qayeq : boat 'i,l£ 






English 03 AHD:187; LKT:81; KLN:220; FWE:45 


Caiique : a row or sail boat 



Kaz 



see root. 



Kaz 



Old Persian 



Kaz, Kaz 



: inexpensive silk 



v* 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:1637; PLA:218 



kac, kac:an 

inexpensive silk 



^ 



Persian UJ mon:2963 



kaz : inexpensive silk ( 9\£ A j£ < A j£ < A J ) y 

kazakand : silk-filled^ Gwhen 1 ( JJ^W ) Jj6"l jS" 



W 



W 



French 03 ahd:209 



casaqueand, casaque : a kind 

of silk-filled garment 



English 03 kln:246 



CaSSOCk : a long garment 
worn by the clergy 



Arabic 

03 LKT:91; PLA:218; NFI:40 



qaZ : a type of cloth 



Persian 03 mon 



qaZ : a kind of cloth 



Jr* 



French ffl nfi:40 



gaze : a loosely woven 

cotton fabric 
AHD and KLN derive this from 
Gaza in Palestine where the 
fabric was supposed to be made 



Persian ffl mon:3166 



gaz : a surgical 
dressing 



$ 



English 03 kln 
gauze 



Ke1 



Ke2 



see root: Ak 
see root: Ki 2 



Greek 03 knt:164 



Keanos : 



lying, siting 



W 



Greek 03 knt:164 



O-keanOS : lying around, 

water surrounding the earth 
FSD:1707 & TAD:5 derive this word from 
Greek "6kys:swift". See Root "Oku:swift". 



^ 



t; 



21! 



Latin 03ahd:909 



OCeanUS : ocean 



Arabic 03 tad:5 



OqyanUS : ocean 



Persian 03 mon:327 



OqyanUS : ocean ^yl 



Ail 



English 03 ahd 



Ke-e-tero Kei 1 



Ke-e-tero 



see root. 



12 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:537; ieC:458 



Keg, Keng, Kek, Kenk 2, Kagi 



Avestan 
03 POK:537 



cang : hook 



Persian UJ POK:537; BQT:665 



Cang : hook, paw, harp 



( lX>Jc>- i JUJc* ) lSJc» 



Arabic ffl pla:18 



Sanj : harp, cymbal 



'W- 



Persian 03 mon:2165 



Sanj, Ser\\: cymbal j^p 

See root "Geu 1" for another possible derivation. 



W 
^ 



Persian UJ IEC:458; MON:2910 



Kaj : bent, crooked, tilted, wrong ( (".Vy < 'y ) ?0 
Hafez <_&]j jj; ^jVfc y^p *0 Jw> /jJ jJ> «0 0^ _ XiU ^-i^LiS 7J— J> f '3— ' l5^ ) J' f^ J3 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hoka : hook 

hakkijan : to hack 



English 



hook, hack 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:540 



~X 



Kei 1, Kiel: 



gray or black color, dark 



Avestan 03 POK:541; BRT:1631 



Syava : black 

Syava-arsan : (with) "black male" 

animals^^ Eres 1 
Sya-maka : owner of "black hair" 



Persian 03 HRN:168; BQT:1199; SNS:172 



Siyah : black 

STyavaS, STyamak : male names 

SiyahgUS : the caraca/®"6us 1 






Compare "sfya-gus" with Turkish "kara-kulak: black ear" 
which is the root of English "caracal". See Root "Kar 2". 



^ 



Hindustani 



English 03 kln:1554 
SyagUSh : the caracal 






Avestan 03 POK:541; KLN:288 



Sama : black 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:1075 


' 




Sam : "black", a male name A^ 



Avestan 03 pok:541 



Saena : gray, gray bird (falcon) 
Saena-merega : dark bird cr Merega 



Sogdian 03 SOD:370 



S W : black 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:1237; HRN:169 


' 




SahTn : falcon 'wJ&Ui 
Simorg : a legendary bird C yv^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hiwan : color, hue 



English 



hue 



Latin 03 pok:541 



CimeX : black bug 



English 



cimex, chinch 



217 



Kei 2 I Kei 3 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:539 



~X 



Kei 2, Kie 2, Ki 1 



to set in motion 



Old Persian ffl POK:539; HRN:172 



SiyaV : to set in motion, march 
Saw : to go 



W 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:172 



SUtan : to become 



Persian 03 BQT:1261; FFD:62 



SOdan : to become 



( ytv i yt ) ^}.W 



W 



V 



Avestan 03 pok:539 



SaV 2, SyaV : to go 
Syaothna : conduct, effect 
Syaoman : action, work 
fra-SUte : put in motion, moved 



Greek 03 pok:539 



kinein : to move 

kinema : motion 



French 03 ahd:243 



Cinema : motion 



Persian UJ mon:1985 



S\nema : cinema 






English 



V* 



English 



kinetic 



W 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



Ciere : to move 

citare : to put in motion, summon 



English 



citation, excite, solicit 



Kei 3 



see root. 



Ak 



21S 



Kei 4 Keku 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:539 



~X 



Kei 4 : to lie, rest 

IaOI"10 : bed, couch, home, domain 



Greek 03 POK:539; TAD:2 



koite, ari-koite : (decorated) bed 
Wo\man : put to sleep 
koimeterion : sleeping room 



Arabic 

03 TAD:2; FVA:30 



arikeh : throne 
a.r.k: bed 



Persian UJ FVA:30; MON:210; BQT:112 



arikeh : bed, throne, domain 
araek : thrones, domains 






W 



Latin 03ahd:217 



COemeterion : sleeping room, graveyard 



English 03 ahd 



cemetery 



W 



Sanskrit B3ahd:1196 



SlVa : auspicious, dear 



I 



Persian 03 MON5:960 



STva : one of the Hindu Gods 



!&**« 



English 03 ahd 



Siva, Shiva : the God of destruction and reproduction in Hinduism 



W 

L 



Latin 03 ahd 



CIVIS : a member of the household, citizen 



English 03 ahd 



civil, civic, city, civilization 



Old High German 03 ahd 

nein 
nein 



heim : home 
heimerich : house ruler 



Old French 03 ahd 



ham, hamlet -. village 



English 03 ahd 



hamlet, Hamlet 



^ 



English 03ahd:615 



Henry 



Kek 



see root: Keg 



^, 



Indo-European 03 WLD1:381; POK:543; IEC:1390 
KekU, QeqUe : club, hammer 

Teuk-os: 



A 



beak, peak, tip 



t -Avestan 03 pok:543 



kakus, cakus:£ 

hammer 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:613 



cakoc : s 



Persian 03 POK:543; SYN:597; BRT:575; MON:1268; IEC:1390 



CakkoS : hammer 

CaqiJ : knife 

IEC links "cakkos" to "cowgan". See root "Cop" 









Old Persian 03 pok:543 



queke : club, staff 



Pahlavi 03 mon:1300 



Cakat : peak, tip 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:1390 



COkah : peak, hammer 



Persian 03 FRS:80; MON:1300 



Cakad : peak, summit, high point ( fl^li^- ) ^li^- 

N '1 ' '1 

Ferdowst y{i j> J>Lw ^IjjJ jl Xol <0 _ iH> jl ^l) sjji ^Iji XoL) 



215 



Kel 1 I Kel 2 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:551; syn:1078 



~X 



IaGI 1 : cold, also warm, warm season, a year 
This root has two opposing meanings 



Avestan 03 POK:551; SYN:1078 



sareta : cold 

Saretha : bringing cold 



x; 



Sogdian 03 S0D:362 



Srt -.cold 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:23 



Sart : cold (adj.) 
Sarmak : cold (noun) 
aWSartan : to become 
cold, to lose hope. 



Persian 

03 POK:551; SYN:1078; BQT:149; 



sard : cold ( Uj-» ) ij-» 

afsordan : to tose hope |Y>v»il 



^ 



w 



w 



w 

^ 



Avestan 

03 POK:551;SYN:1012 



sarez, sareda : 

a warm season, a year 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:153 



salak, sal: 



Persian 03 POK:551; SYN:1012 



Sal : year JLu 

gUSaleh : calf(one year old) ** Gwou <uL»o£ 



Old Persian 

03 SYN:1012; KNT:188; BQT:7 



thard, Sard: year 
Upa-Sard : toward the year, 
beginning of the year, spring 



Persian 03 bqt:7 



absal : spring 

^)[Lm*)I ji-JI i^M ^Lm*) 

Vfs-o-Ramfn 



■s& 






Latin 03ahd 



CalOHfieaf 
Calere : to be warm 
Calefare : to warm up 



French 03 ahd 



calorie, chauffeur, chauffage 



^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:361 



srd: 



Persian 03 mon:2090,2860 


jUy& , j$y& , LSjJ" 








English 03 ahd 






calorie, chauffeur 



W I Pahlavi 03 HRN:192,193; t 



Indo-European 03 pok:553 
K©l 2 : to cover 



A 



kulaf : cover, hat 
kurpak : shelter, hut 



Persian 03 BQT:1671,1673; PLA:233 



kolah : hat 

kolbeh : hut 



( SJS )oJS 



w 



Greek 

03 AHD; SYN:460 



kaluptein : to cover 
kolba : shelter, hut 



Latin 03 ahd 



eU-CaliptUS : a plant 
with "well covered" 
flowers^Su 1 



Persian 03 mon:404 



okaliptUS : eucalyptus ^£*J\$\ 



English 



eucalyptus 



^ 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hallo : covered place 
helmaZ: head cover 



English 



hall, hell, hole, hollow 
helmet 



Latin 03 ahd 



Color : that which covers 
Celare : to hide 

220 



English 



color, conceal 



Kel 3 I Kel 3 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:548 
Kel 3 : to shout call 



~~\ 



Greek 03 POK:548; AHD:412 



ek-kalein:toca//ou( 

ekklesia : an assembly of people 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:3050 



kiltsyiak : church 



Persian 03 bqt:1688 



kellSa : church ( L.JS' ) LwJS" 



Kamal Esmafl 



W 



Aramaic 03 tad:65 



kenUSta : assembly 

of people 
K.n.s, K.n.S:he 

gathered 



Arabic 03 sap:1448 



k.n.S : he gathered, 
collected, swept 

kaniseh : Jewish 
temple 



► — 


Persian 03 mon:3105,3096 




kanS : sweeping of the house 


^ 




kannaS : cleaning person 


o*& 




kanTseh : Jewish temple 


<u^ 



Hebrew 03 kln:849 



kanas : he gathered 
keneseth : assembly 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:3096 



kanasya : 

Jewish 
assembly 



Persian UJ bqt:1709 



kenest : Jewish assembly C-Jw < C-Jw 



V* 



English ffl AHD:724; KLN:849 
Kneseth : Israeli parliament 



W 



Latin 03 POK:548; ahd 



claSSIS : summons, a group of people 



French 03 ahd:248 



classe 



h 


Persian 03 mon:3015 






kelas : class ^% 



English 



class 



W 



Latin 03 ahd 



Concilium : a meeting 



French 03 ahd:303 



COncilie : assembly 



I 



Persian 03 mon:3097 



konSLjl : council, consul iJ&*a3g3 < ijo^j 



English 



council, consul 



W 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



clamare : to can 

kalendae : first day of month (for announcements) 
clarUS : clear 



English 



claim, calendar, clear, declare 



221 



Kel 4 I Kel 6 



Indo-European 03 pok:546; kln:316 
Kel 4, Qel : gray, black, dark 



~~\ 



^ 

L 



Greek 03 pok:547 



k0lumb0S:agray(j/rd 



Persian 03 pok:547 



Carmeh : horse 
Ferdowsf & , 



'> ^J"? J") j> 






Latin 03ahd:264 



COl-Umba:gray(j/rd, 

pigeon, dove 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



Columbia, Colombia, Columbus, Columba, Colombo 

Columbarium : a pigeonhole in a dovecote 

These words reached English through Italian, Spanish and other languages 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:550 
IaGI 5 : cup, bowl 



^\ 



Greek 
03 POK:550 



kalix: 



|Syriac 03afm:131 



W 



Latin 03 pok:550 



calix:c 



Persian 03 afm:131; mon 



kaseh : bowl ( S yJ6 , ' ,y>6 ) iJ6 

klJZeh : pitcher, jug ( ' }aS ) o}y 



W 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:550 



kalasah : 



Arabic 03 AFM:131; VDQ:355 



ka's:c 



Indo-European 03 pok:545 

Kel 6: 



A 



to strike, cut, stab 



Persian ffl MON:3037; IEC:464 



kaland, kolang : spade S^iS < JjJ5 

9 

Moiavr jjjo ji JSj> \j <0 (VwcjJjJ - JjJ5 j^ 4JL3'j u c-^> y 



w 



Latin 03ahd:1521 



gladiuS: sword 



English 03 ahd 



gladiator 



W 



French 03 VOP:307 



gladiyator 



Persian 03 VOP:307 



geladiyator : gladiator j yUjlMS^ 






Latin 03ahd:1521 



clamitas : 



English 03 ahd 



calamity 



Greek 03ahd:1521 
klon : twig 



English 03 ahd 
clone 



222 



Kelewo Kem 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:554; kln:226 
KeleWO, KalWO : lacking, bald 



~^\ 






Sogdian 03 SLW:10.1.96 



kfW : empty, lacking 
the link is note quite certain 



Persian 03 bqt:1631 



karveh : tooth cavity T t *S 



Avestan 03 POK:554; KLN:226 



kaurva : bald 



Persian 03 BQT:1665; POK:554 



kal : bald 



<y*><j> 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:226 



CalvUS : bald 

Calvaria : skull, smooth hill 



English 



Calvary : the hill where Jesus was crucified 
Calvin : male name 



Indo-European 03 pok:556 



~X 



Kem 1 = 



W 
^ 



Avestan ffl POK:556; AHM:274 



Sima : yoke beam 

SimOlthra : ring beneath horse's neck 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:168; BQT:1205; AHM:274 


' 




Sim 1 : yoke beam ' .^^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:556; cei_6:122 
KeiTl 2 : to cover 



~~\ 



W 



Greek 03vdQ:352 



kamision : shirt 



W 



Latin 03 pok:556 



CamiSia : shirt 



Arabic 

03 VDQ:352; OXF:209 



qam\S : cotton shirt 



Persian UJ mon:2729 



qamiS : cotton shirt <Ua**9 t d^ti 



^ 



English 03 OXF:209 



kameez : shirt 



W 



Old French 03 ahd:230 



chemise : shirt, < 



h 


Persian UJ mon:2079 

p 
SOITlTz : file folder V^Ji 





^ 



English 03ahd:193 



camisa, chemise, chemisette 



223 



Ken Kenk 2 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:563 
lA©n : young, fresh 



^\ 



Avestan 03 POK:563; SOD:190 



kan 2, kaine, kainin, kaimya: young girl 
kan-ya, kain-ika : small woman 



Pahlavi 

03 FSF:275; HRN:194 



kanik: young girl 
kanicak: young girl 



Sogdian 03 SOD:190 



knc : girl 

knC k : young girl 



Persian 

03 BQT:1715; HRN:174 



kaniz : 






w 
^ 



Latin 03 pok:563 



re-CenS : fresh, new 



English 



recent 



Keng 



see root. 



Keg 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:566 



A 



Kenk 1 -.heel, knee 

Koksa : N P 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 KLN:735; BRT:456 



kasa : arm pit 

kars : to puii 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:191; BQT:1653,1657,1755 


' 




kesaleh : crutch 


4\j£ 




kesidan : to puii 


d xj6 




kaSKLJI : Dervish's cup that is "carried by the shoulder" 


JyJ*) 




tlf-kas : bag for carrying arrows, gu/Ver^Steig 


<^>^ 




klS 1 : distorted form of "tfr-kas", quiver 


Jv 




k I S 2 : a "kTs 1 "-looking island south of Iran 


Jv 




Anvarf Abfvardf ' J^S j^ 1$5 y j*iX> j*3 _ 


JiJJj fi 7" fLm ttf y |")U>— <*j| 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:326 



COXa : hip 
COXinUS : hip rest 



Old French 03 ahd 



CUISSe, COISSin : cushion 



h 


Persian Uvop:296 


' 




kusan : cushion 'y^tS 



English 



cushion 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hanhila:/?ee/ 



English 



heel 



Kenk 2 



see root. 



Keg 



224 



Kens Kens 



Indo-European 03 pok:566; wld1:403 
KenS : to speak solemnly, proclaim 



~~\ 



W 



^ 



W 



Old Persian 03 pok:566; knt:18 



than : to say, declare 
thatiy : says 



Persian 03 tzf:19 



SOXan : speech . i,. 

See "Kas 2" for another possible root of "soxan" 



Avestan 03 POK:566; KNT:18 



Sah 2 : to say, declare 



Persian UJ IEC:6 



afsaneh : labia ( <oLi ) liLil 

Khayyam 



Latin 03 POK:566; AHD:1522 



CenS-ere : to judge, estimate, tax 



I 



French 



CenSUI": censor 



Persian 03vop:210 



SanSOr : censor 



V* 



Greek ffl ahd:301,1522 



KOS-mein : to arrange in order 
k0S-metik0S : skilled in beautifying 
koS-ITlOS : arrangement, world 
A possible derivation from 
Indo-European "Kens". 



French ffl ahd:301 



COSmetique : cosmetic 



^ 



^ 



Jr u 



>w 



English 03ahd:1522 



censor, census 



Persian UJvop:321 



matik : lipstick 



S»3{/> 



English 03ahd:301 
cosmetic 



English 03 ahd 
cosmos, cosmic 



225 



Ker1 Ker2 



W 



W 



W 



Indo-European ffl POK:574; KLN:261,657 
K©T 1 : head, horn 



^\ 



Avestan 03 AHD; POK:574; KLN:261 



sarah, sarah:nead 



Pahlavi 



Persian 03 bqt 






Avestan 

03 POK:574; BRT:1650; LEW:905 



SriJ 1 , Srva 1 : head, horn, nail 

sru-bhara, srvara : carried 

on the head, horn Bbev 1 



Persian 03 BQT:1130; HRN:162 



SOm, Sariin: horn 



\ 



osr 1 < sr 1 

Nezamf 



Greek 03 kln:237 



keras, keration -. mie horn, 

also referred to the horned- 
shaped fruit of the carob tree 



Arabic 03 KLN:237; TAD:60 



qirat : fruit of the carob tree which 
was used as a unit of weight. 



Persian 



qirat J,!^ 



Wl 



Middle Latin 



French 



English 



carat 



V» 



English 



rhinoceros 



W 



Greek 03ahd:831 



hemi-kranion:pa/n 

in "one half of head" 



Latin 



hemi-crania 



French 03 ahd:831 



migrene : headache 



L 



Persian 03 mon:4503 



migren 



'Js%* 



English 03ahd:831 



migraine 



^ 

L 



Different Languages 03 ahd 



English 



carrot, cheek, corner, horn 



Sanskrit 03 AHD:1522; KLN:657 



Smga : horn 

Sringa-Vera : horn-shaped 
root of ginger 



Pahlavi 03 VDQ:42 



sanga-vir, singiber 



Persian 

03 MON:1751; VDQ:42 



SangabTI : ginger \*&Xi 



W 



Pali 03 KLN:657 



Singivera : ginger 



w 



Greek 03 kln:657 



Ziggiberis : ginger 



Arabic 03vdQ:238 



ZanzabTI : ginger 

From Greek through Syriac. 



Persian 

03 MON:1751; VDQ:238 



ZanjebTI : ginger J~^0 



'J 



W 



^ 



Latin 03 kln:657 



gingiber, zingiber, 
zinziber 



Old French 

03 KLN:657 



gingiber, gingiver 



English 03 AHD:667; KLN:657 

ginger, gingerale 



Ker2 



see root: Sek 



22! 



Ker 3 Ker 3 



W 



V 



Indo-European 03 pok:567 



~X 



Kef 3, Qer, Qor, Ql": /oud noise, noisy birds 



Avestan 03 POK:571; KLN:1305 



XraOS : loud noise 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:741 



XrUSlten : yell, roar 
XrOS : rooster 



Persian UJ irt:44 



xorusidan 



to roar, scream 



XOrUS : rooster 






Avestan 03 pok:568 



kahrkatat : some noisy birds 
kahrka-asa : eating bird (vulture) *" Ed 



Sogdian 03 S0D:128 



Crks : vulture 



Persian 03 BQT:1624,2268; MON:5001 



karkas : vulture ^J $ 

kark, karak : poultry ( «p J5 ( Jj^ ) Jj 

^J\y cJ 'y j^ <W»l> LJiXfc y&J> jJjuiu 
Anvan o y CJjJSj^ <W»l> (V^W 3^>i> jjjuib 






Persian 03 pok:569 



SOffeh : cough 43 „» 



Sanskrit 03 pok 



krOSa : a loud sound, 
also the distance reached 
by such a loud voice 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hr : a ringing sound 

skrainjan, skreki: 

krik : to creak 



Persian 03 BQT:1630; MON:2960 



koruh : a unit of distance (about two miles) ' oo j 

^l \_> (Jlo ^u JjJj J>^y ^ y - J*-#— 5 W o^y W^* v^ ^'^ 

Khaqanf 



English 



ringing, rook, raven 
scream, screech 
cricket 



227 



Ker 4 Kerb 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:573,583 



~X 



Ker 4, Kers 1 , Kerb : dirt, dark, black 



Pahlavi 

03 POK:573 



karic : dirt, 
manure 



h 


Persian ffl POK:573; BQT:1631; MON:1281 


' 




kareh : dirt \ $$ 




Cardeh : a suffix indicating (dark) color ( &«• p- oLi) 0J> J> 




d\ S" 4 *> J? 4 &S 3" 

Naser-Khosrow 



w 

L 



Old Persian 03 pok:583 



kirsman : black 



Persian 03 bqt:1619 



kars : dirt (1 i^ St j^ $ ) j-" $ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:583 



krsna : black 



w 



Persian 03 bqt:1619 



karsneh : a black grain ( Sx£$ , ^~S) ^ C*j£ 



^ 



Hindustani 03 ahd:727 



krisna : the black c 



English 03 ahd:727 



Krishna 



Indo-European 03 pok:571; ieC:590 



~X 



Ker 5, Kur, Kerta : , 



Persian 03 IEC:590; MON:3121 



kureh : fireplace, oven, kiln 0)V 






Germanic 03 ah d : 1 522 



hertho : hearth 



Latin 03ahd:1522 



Carb6 : charcoal 





English 03 ahd 






hearth 






English 03 ahd 


carbon, carburetor 



French 03 ahd ►- 



Persian 03 V0P:267,278 



karbon : carbon ( . j X ) ,jj 



w 

L 



Latin 03ahd:1522 



cremare : to bum 



English 03 ahd 
cremate 



Greek 03ahd:1522 



keramOS : potter's clay 
^ I French !► 



English 03 ahd 



^ 



Persian 03vop:211 



SeramiC -.ceramic 



Ow>l 



r 



Kerb 



see root: Ker A 



Kerd 1 Kerdho 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:579; syn:251 



~X 



Kerd 1, Kred: heart 



Avestan 

03 POK:580; KLN:352; SYN:251; LAT:254 



Zered, Zaredaya : heart, center 
ZraZ-da, SraZ-da : to give heart, believe. 
^06 2 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:873 



dll : heart 



Persian 03 BQT:873; LAT:254 



del : heart 

The "z" sound is kept in 
Kurdish "zanheart" and 
Baluchi "zirde:heart". 



Ji 






Germanic 03 ahd 



hert-On : heart 



English 



heart 



Latin 03 AHD; POK:580 



COr : heart 

ad-COr : at heart, agreeable, in harmony 
re-CCT : remind, remember, record 
COm-CCTS : of same heart, in harmony 
Credere : to put heart in something, 
believe 



► French 03 ahd 



Persian 03 mon:76 



akordTon : accordion 



by^j^ ' 



English 03 ahd 



accord, accordion, record 
concord, courage, credit 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



core, cordial 



V* 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



kardia : heart 



English 



cardiac, cardiovascular 



Indo-European 03 pok:579 



~X 



Kerd 2, Kerdho, Kerdha : 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:579 



Saredha : way, kind, race, breed 



Pahlavi 



Sartak : breed 



Persian 03 BQT:1122; SNS:183 



Sardeh : race, breed, kind 



oi 



r 



Germanic 03 ahd 



herdo : herd 



English 



herd 



Kerdha 



Kerdho 



see root: Kerd 2 
see root: Kerd 2 



225 



Kerk Kerta 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:581 



~X 



Kerk, Kork, Krk ■. mm, slender 



Avestan 03 POK:581; BQT:1795; KLN:672 



keresa : thin, little 
keresa-vazda : with "ante power 

keresa-aspa : with "lean horses" 
** Ekwos 



Persian 03 bqt:1795 



GarSIVaZ : "with little power", a male name 
GafSasp : "with lean horses", a male name 



v -/ 



w 



Sogdian 03 S0D:32,195 



'ks, ks : thin, small, weak 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 POK:581; KLN:672 



gracilis : slender 



English 03 ahd:570 



gracile 



Keros 



Kers 1 



see root: Sper 
see root: Ker4 



^ | Egyptian 03 AHD:30; OEW:182 



Indo-European 03 0EW:182 



~X 



Kers 2-.t 



khem : black 

Criem : a native word for Egypt due to its black soil at Nile shores 



W 



Greek ffl AHD:30; KLN:45 



Xema : black land, the former name of Egypt, the art 
of transmutation practiced by the Egyptians. 



W 



Arabic 03 ahd 



al-kimya, al-kimiya : the art of transmutation 
OEW:124 & FSD:66 say it is possible this word is 
derived from Greek "xymeia:infusion" from root 
"Gheu:to pour". KLN:45, however, does not agree. 



Persian 03 bqt:1759 



kTmTya : chemistry, LfcJ" 

any rare substance 

Suzanf 



V. 



(•Latin 03 ahd 



alchymia 



French 



alchemie, Chimie : chemistry 



I 



Persian ffl mon:2115 



S I m I : chemistry 



<y*v" 



English 03 kln:45 



chemistry, alchemist 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 0EW:182 



Krishna : the black one, 
title of an Indian God 



English 03 0EW:182 
Krishna 



Persian UJ M0N5:1572 



KriSna : an old Indian god 






Kerta 



see root: Ker5 



230 



Kes 1 I Kes 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:586 

Kes 1 , Kas 1 : to cut 



^\ 



W 



Latin 03 ahd 



Castrum, Castellum:an "isolated" 
fortified place, camp, castle 

castrare : to cut 



Arabic 03 kln:45 



al-qasr:cas»e 



h 


Persian ffl mon:2682 


' 




qaSf :casf/e ^& 



w 



v» 



French 03 ahd 



chateau 



English 



chateau, castle 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



castrate, chastity 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:585; wld1:449 



~X 



Kes 2, Qseu : t 



Avestan 03 POK:585; KNT:175 



hu-XSnuta, hu-Sniita : well polished, 
pleasant, happy Su 1 

xsnavaya : to satisfy 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:113; BQT:755; FFD:52 


' 




XOSnud: happy ^ajji> 



w 



Sogdian 03 S0D:83 



XSn W : to satisfy 



Greek 03 POK:587; IEC:572 



KSniO : to scratch, comb 
kse6 : rake 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:170 



Sanak : comb 



Persian UJ bqt:1230 



Saneh : comb 



\ iilb 



^ 



English ffl KLN:1758 
Xyster : bone scraper 



Persian UJ POK:585; BQT:1307 



SUP : with sharp taste, salty 
shUf-ba : a salty soup ^Pekw 



( Ojy*> ) jy*> 



Mj5^ 



Khaqanf \ijyk 4X>I j^> jl JJJtO LSw C-J3I - (Jj-J j l^Xil jJi j> -Ajjj-ji (jjl >J y 



v» 



^ 



Persian 03 IEC:572 



XaSldan : to chew 



J llA**"**" 



This word was not found in MON. 



231 



Ket Keu 2 



Indo-European ffl pok:586 
KOI, KOI : living room 



^\ 



^ I Avestan ffl pok:586 



kata : house 

buiti-kata:/do//70(7se^ = Bheu 3 

BQT:234 claims Avestan "kata: house, space, a dug-in place" is derived 

from Avestan "kan: to dig" and is cognate with Persian "xaneh: house". 

See Indo-European root "Gwhen 1" for more details. 



C 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1604 



katak : house 
b6t-katak : temple 



Persian UJ POK:586; BQT:1604 



kad-: of the house ( ljj>ji" , yljiS" ) _ji" 

-kadeh : house of ( 8 jjjw< oJJJiib ,iJ$l> ) Ojj" . 

^+- I Hindustani I 



I, 



t f-Portugii 



^ 



English 

03 SKT:366; LKT:30; AID:233 



pagoda 

See HJB:652 for more details. 







see root: 




Keu 1 


1 


Geu 1 









w 



Indo-European ffl POK:592; IEC:589 
KGU 2 : vault, hole, to swell 

Kuur, Kuros. hole 

rALinOS : lump, swelling, body 



~^\ 



Avestan 03 POK:593; FFD:61 



sura, suwra : hole 
sufra, sufraka : to pio\ 

pierce 



sub, sunb, saub:f 



Pahlavi 

03SNS:192 



SUrak : hole 
SUlak:/7ofe 
SUmb 2 : ramrod 






Persian 

03 BQT:1185; HRN; ZAW:233; MON:1657 



SUraX : hole 
SOftan : to pierce 






ramrod *U^«u< *UJw« 

SOnbTdan : to pierce, ram ' 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1738 



kun : buttocks 



Persian 03 IEC:589 



kun : buttocks \S 



Latin 03ahd 



CaVUS : hollow 
Cumulus : heap 



English 



cave, cage, jail, excavate 
accumulate 



Sanskrit 03 pok:592 



sunya, sunyah : empty 



Arabic 03 kln:290 



Safara : was empty 

Seff, siff : empty, zero, a loan translation 
of the old Sanskrit word "Sunyah" 



Persian 03 mon 



sefr : z 



/* 






Spanish 

03 AHD; KLN:290 



cifra : 



French 



chiffre 



English 03 ahd:243 



cipher, 
decipher 



^ 



Latin 03 kln:290 



Zephymm : empty 



French 



English 



232 



Keu 3 Keu 3 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:587 



~X 



Keu 3, Kou, Skeu 3, Skou-. to watch, see, hear 



Avestan 

03 HRN:196; FAF:504 



Kavi : sovereign 
kava-USan : rich king 






Pahlavi 03 hrn:196 



kay : king 
kayOS : rich king 



Sogdian 03 SOD:202 



C|Wy : giant, hero 



Persian 03 BQT:1749-1751; MON:3147; FAF:491,504 



kay 2 : king ( ,j»$J$ , %j»£«$ i >\J-S) J>. 

KaVUS : "rich king", a male name ( ir^lS ) ir^^w 

kiya : a respected person in a group ( ir^a3w ) w 

kiyan : kings ( j\J ) ^LS" 

5 «ilf3 jjL« ^LJ> Ji jj ijj . j^« ck%> Ji ijy ^l^ yji (j I 

Osman Mokhtarf 






Sanskrit 03 POK:587; HRN:196 



kavi 



wise, sovereign 



Persian 03 POK:588; ZAW:81 



SOkuh : glory 



V 



Avestan 03 WLD:1369; POK:587 



CeVISI : attend, expect, hope 



Old Persian 03 pok:588 



au-saudihtwei : to trust 



Greek 03ahd 



akavein : to hear 
kudos : glory 



French 



acoustique 



h 


Persian 03vop:15 






aklJStTk : acoustic SjLuS I 



^ 



English 



acoustic 

kudos : glory 



^ 

L 



Latin 03ahd 



Cavere : to watch 



English 



caveat, caution, precaution 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



haujjan : to hear 
skaUUOn : to look, show 



English 



hear, show 



Keu 3 



see root: Skeu 2 



233 



Keu 4 Keued 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:594 



~X 



KeU 4, KeU-bh : to shine, bright 



Avestan 

03 POK:594; BRT:221,1631; SYN:995 



SUr, Savah 2 : morning 
SUram : early morning 
a-SUf : not (yet) morning, 

dawn *" Ns 1 
SUirya : breakfast 
SavahT : the East 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:166 



SUI":(jreaMasf, 
meal, festivity 



Persian 03bqt:1185 


HRN:237 




SUP : festivity, party 




jy 


SUma : a horn played 
at festivities 


<Jvjy 


vjy*> 


^Nsdo 







^ I Old Persian 03 pok:594 



^ 



Caune : bright red, a plant with bright colored fruits 



Keu 5 



Keub 



Keu-bh 



Keud 



see root : Ku 1 

see root : Geu 1 

see root: Keu 4 

see root: Keued 



Indo-European 03 pok:595 



Keued, Keud, Qeud, Skeud 2. 



to yell 



W 

L 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:595 



kutsa : blame 



Middle English 03 pok:596; syn:1251 



SCUten : to yell 



Persian UJ POK:595; WLD1:378; HUB:102 



nekukTdan : to blame ( JiJbSj ) t)i«&£j 



English 



shout 



234 



Keukl Khai 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:597 
KG UK 1 : to shine, be white 



^\ 



Avestan 

03 POK:597; HRN:161,165; IRN:128 



saoc, sauk, saux: to light up 

Saoka : flame 
SUXra : glowing red 
SUXra-Vard : red rose®" Wrdho 
aiwi-Saoka : burn in regref^Ambhi 

upa-suxta, atra-saoka, saocint 



V 



Persian 03 BQT:1183,1189,1195; DRM:131; IRN:128; FFD:61 


SUXtan : to burn 




(r^y 


)y&> i 


Jy i wljyw i 


£>' jy* * J^Jr 1 


SLjk : sorrow, mourning 


< 


*J>y*> ) dy*> 


SOrX : red 


( U->l jfy<*> i 


<y>\2>-y*> ) **• ytl 


Sohrvard : a town near Tehrai 


(Red Rose) 


^iij** 


afsUS : regret 




ij^aiipfcwl 



Avestan 03 hrn:167 



Saokenta : a burning substance, sulfur 
Saokenta-Vant : a drink mixed with sulfur 



W 



Sogdian ffl sod:365 



swgnd, swk'nt:oaf/7 



Persian ffl bqt:1190 



sogand : oath 



JwO a 



Originally "sogand" was a sulfur filled drink 
given to defendants to determine the truth 
based on their body reaction to sulfur. 



W 
^ 



Greek 03 pok:597 



kuknOS : white, white i 



English 



Cygnet: young £ 



Keuk2 



Keup 



see root : Geu 1 
see root : Geu 1 



Armenian 03 mon:1384 



A 



Khac, Xac 2. 



V* 



^ 



Persian UJ HUB:227; BQT:696; MON:1384 



I*- 



Xaj : cross, club suit in cards w- 

Kamal Esmatl ij\ ^lj_> JuiS ji 4_wjJj> (JUj _ JjSj w<-J5 ijj-O rl> J i— vJw» 



Indo-European 03 pok:634; wld1:341 



~x 



Khad, Qhad: 



w 



Sanskrit 
03 POK:634 



xad : to bits 



Avestan 

03 HRN:104 



xad 1 



^ 



Persian 03 bqt:712 



XayTdan : to grind with teeth, chew ( (J^y ) AXoty 



Khai 



see root : Ghei 1 



235 



Khan Ki 1 



Mongolian 03 kln:844 
Khali : ruler 



~~\ 



W 



Turkish 03 kln:844 



khan: 



^ 



Persian ffl bqt:707; mon 




Xan : sir, title of respect ( -3\i»' t /\vaUjU»- ) Q& 




W 










Arabic 

03 KLN:844 




English 03 kln:844 




khan :mis of respect 

AHD claims "khan" entered English 




xan 








from Turkish through Latin & French 



Kharpuna 



Khei 



see root: Kahrpu 
see root : Ghei 1 



Mongolian 03 kln:251 



~X 



Khitan 



: an area in north west China 



^ 

L 
^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:174 



gwdnyk : Khotanese 



Persian 03 bqt:715 



XOtan : poetic name for China 



( n 






Middle Latin 03 kln:251 



cataya 



English 03 kln:251 



Cathay, Khitan, Khotan: poeti 



fie names of China 



Arabic 03 FVA:348; KLN:46 



lA.n.l : very fine Antimony powder used for coloring eyelids. 



W 



Arabic 03 fva:348 



kohl : powder for coloring eyelids, also 
believed to cure certain eye diseases. 
kahhal : eye doctor 
al-kahl, alkoiil -.highly purified spirits 



h 


Persian ffl FVA:348; MON:2919 


' 




kohl : eye powder Vpw 




kahhal : eye doctor J{p$ 




kohul: alcohol \}tf>$ 




A*** oJjl j i^uC> j^> y> t 4 wU <±*Ji &■') ji (Jjl 




Vahshr C^Jj Uw> J^S <■ Gj Jiy jl ^k> »#> )> 



w 



Latin 03 kln:46 



alcohol : sp/rif of « 



L 



French 



alcool 



^ 



h 


Persian 03 mon:342 
alkol : alcohol J$J| 





English 03 KLN:46; AHD:30 



alcohol 



Ki 1 



see root: Kei 2 



23t 



Ki 2 | Kiph 



Indo-European 03 pok:417,609; kln:710 



~X 



Ki 2, Ko 2, Kyo, Ke 2, Ghe l-.mis 






Avestan 03 KLN:735; POK:417 



Zl : for, because, indeed 

noit-zT 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hi 



English 03 ahd 



he, him, his, her, here, hence, it 



Indo-European 03ahd:1523 

Ke-e-terO : other pari, 
other time, again ^^ I 2 



t 



Latin 03 AHD:1523; KLN:545; POK:284 



Ce-terUS : the other part 
et-Ce-terT : and other things^ Eti 



English 



et cetera 



Kiel 



Kie2 



see root : Kei 1 
see root: Kei 2 



Indo-European 03 IEC:622 



A 



KieS : bug, t 



W 

L 
^ 



Armenian 03 IEC:622 



Persian 03 IEC:622; MON:1795 



SaS : louse, bug 



^L 



Greek 03 IEC:622 



SeS, SeOS:m/(e 



Indo-European 03 pok:598 
Kiph: thin flexible twig 



A 



W 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 POK:598; WLD1:452 



Sipha, Cipha : twig, hair 



Persian 03 BQT:1272; MON:2052 



Safs : twig, wire ( Uljyji , Dj&jb ) Ajufc 

Safsahang : a tool for extruding thin silver and gold wires 



Greek 03 pok:598 



Xiphos : branch, rod 



Arabic 03 tad:39,78 



Sayf : sword 

S.y.f : to strike with a sword 



h 


Persian LLI mon:1979 


' 




Sayf : sword uiu*w 



237 



KTru Klau 



Akkadian 03akd:60 



~X 



KTru: 






Latin 03 kln 



CraSSUS : fat, oil 

CraSSia : thickness (of liquids) 



► Old French 



English 

03 KLN; AHD 



grease 



Persian 03 VFO:24 



griS : grease < j^J) 



Greek 

03 AHD:718 



keros : 



Aramaic 



qira:wax, tar 



Arabic 03 akd:60 



qir:(ar 
tar : tar 



► — 


Persian 03 MON:2765; BQT:1550 




qTr : tar J$ 



^ 



^ 



English 03 kln:843 



kerosene 



Kitintu 



see root: Kitu 



W 



Akkadian 03 bqt:1594 



Kitu, Kitintu, Kitunnu 



: cotton clothing 



Arabic 

03 BQT:1594 



qutun : cotton 



Persian 03 BQT:1594; mon:3543 



katan : cotton $$ 

Nezam Qan ^J>-ljil ^\y^S ^ Jaj Jws [S^j'j - ^>'-^l <^w cj Jw*> <0 <l> 5 I I y» 



Spanish 03 ahd 



coton 



French 



coton 



English 03 kln:360 



cotton 



W 



Hebrew 03 kln:1664 



kuttoneth : cotton clothing 



W 



Aramaic 
03 KLN:1664 



kittuna 



Latin 03 kln:1664 



ctunica, tunica : cotton 

clothing, tunic 



h 


Persian LLI mon:1154 


' 




tonekeh : underwear 


*uJo 




"tonekeh" is probably from "tonok: thin, soft". 






See root "Ten 1". 





^+- 1 French 



English 



tunic 



Persian UJvop:154 



tonic : a piece of uS-OaJf 
women clothing 



W 



^ 



Greek 03 kln:1664 



kiton : cotton shirt 



English 03ahd:236 



chiton 



Kitunnu 



Klau 



see root: Kitu 
see root: Kleu 2 



23£ 



Klei Klem 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:600 
Klei : to lean 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 pok:600 



sray-, snnav-, snnu- : to lean 

Srita, Sray- : leaned 



Greek 03 pok:600 



klima : sloping surface or land 



Arabic 03 tad:57 



eqlTm : a zone on 
earth, country 



W 



Latin 03ahd 



cITma: a zone of earth 



V 



Greek 03ahd:1523 



kline: bed 
klimax : ladder 



French 03 ahd 



clinic 



^ 



^ 



W 



Latin 03ahd:1523 



cITmare : to lean, bend 
Cliens : dependent, client 



^ 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 523 



hlinen : to lean 
hlaider: /adder 
rllid : that which bends over and covers, a lid 



Persian 03 mon:326 



eqlTm : country _JJ| 



Sa'dt 



English 03 ahd 



climate 



Persian UJ mon:3051 



kelTnTk : clinic lXnIJS" 



English 03 ahd 



climax 



English 03 ahd 



decline, incline, recline 
client 



English 03 ahd 



lean 

ladder 

lid 



Indo-European 03 pok:602 
KleiTI : tired, loose, dull 



W 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:602 



sramana, saman : dun, a dun 

person who is not interested 
in anything but worshipping, 
a monk. 



Pahlavi 03 tzf:77 



saman : idol 

worshipper 



Persian 03 BQT:1296; ETM:37; TZF:77 



Saman : idol worshiper 



Cr*** 






235 



Kleu 1 Kleu 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:605 
KleU 1 : to hear 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 hrn:177 



sru 2, srav, xsnu, xsnaw:to/?ear 



W 



W 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:64 



asnudan : to hear 



Persian 03 bqt:1304 



SenTdan : to hear 



y*Z *J5 j? i y*Z i {j^y** 



Avestan 

03 POK:605; KLN:1456; FFD:60 



Sravah : word, speech 
SrU-ta : speech 
SraW : to read 
SraW : to sing 



Persian 03 BQT:1131,1302; MOM; FRS:27 



Sarva: poem, story ( ti\^jm , i\^jm ) l^^ 

br* #' <y y. y ^3} -^ - 1/^ 'fj^ ^ ls^ "^ 

Ormazdr 



Avestan 03 HRN:108; SNS:331 



hu-SraV : well famed, famous ®"Su 1 
daUS-Sravah : ///-famed®" Dus 



w 



Pahlavi ffl bqt:748 



hu-SrOV: well-famed, 
title of kings and 
in-laws. 



Persian ffl BQT:748,749 



p 



XOSrOW : (well famed) king, ruler 
XOSOr : father-in-law 
XOSU : mother-in-law 
Farrokhi 



W 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:331 



du-SraV : /// famed, /nfamous®" Dus 



W 



Avestan ffl pok:605 



sraothra, sraosha:ear, 

one who listens and 
follows 



Pahlavi ffl bqt:1132 



Sr6sh:one who 
obeys (God) 



Persian ffl bqt 



SOrUSrl : one of God's angels j-^g ^ 

J^.'P" $ "^-M e-4-^ ^-^J 

Hafez J^^ Jitw J C-aP*j C>y\fl 



^ 



Old Slavic 

03 KLN:1456 



SIOVO : word 

Sloveninu : siav 



Middle Greek 03 kln:1456 



slabnOVUS : Slav, also slaves taken from the Slav. 



W 



Middle Latin 



slaVOUS : Slav, 
slave 



► French 



Persian 03 mon 



{$yL»y yi.*,c 'y*"" t^ * $*"* 



English 



Slav, Yugoslavia, 
Czechoslovakia, slave 






Germanic 03 ahd 



hllisinon : to listen 
hliidaz : loud 



English 



listen, loud 



Latin 03 ahd 



Cluere : to be named 



240 



English 



client 



Kleu 2 Klis 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:604 



~X 



Kleu 2, Klau 



hook, peg used to lock doors 



Greek 03 ahd 



kleiein : to close 

kleidos, kleiss:tey 



Persian 03 BQT:1687; FVQ:268; ARK:236 



kelld : key 



jJS" 



Wl 



Aramaic 



Arabic 03 FVQ:267 



eqlld : key 

meqlad, maqalid 

FVF:35 claims "eqlfd" is from Persian "kelfdikey". 



Persian 03 mon:4283 



meqlad : key iXjla 

JwJULa 



w 

L 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hluta : portion obtained 



English 



lot, lottery, lotto 



Latin 03 ahd 



Claudere : to lock up, close 



^ 



English 



close, closet, clause 
include, exclude, conclude 



W 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1637 



~X 



KMS: 



Old Iranian 03 ffd:60 



SflS, SfaiS : a plant and its resin that was used for making glue. 



^ 



W 



Avestan 

03 BQT:1136; FFD:60 



SflS : to join, attach, glue 



Pahlavi 

03 FFD:60 



Persian 

03 BQT:1136; FFD:60; MON:1867,1880; IEC:1637 



Sens : glue 



( pi^ , ^j* ) jfy* 



Avestan 

03 HRN:162; HUB:75 



SfaeS : mixture, nature 



^ I Sanskrit 03 bqt:1134; iec:1 



^ 



Slisyami: adhere 
Cfl : bind, mix 



Persian 03 BQT:1124; HRN:162 



Serest : nature 

serestan : to mix 






241 



Klou-ni Kork 



Indo-European 03 pok:607 
KlOU-ni : buttock, rump 



~~\ 



W 






Avestan 
03 POK:607 



sraoni : buttock 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:162 



saruk : buttock 



Persian 03bqt:1134 



SOrun : buttock 
Ferdowsf 



< Oir" > O^r* 



X»l )JJI i 



njjjji j, 



I oj^j3^> 



Old Persian 03 pok:6 



Slaunis : buttock 



Latin 03 pok:607 



Clunis : buttock 



Kmtom 



Ko1 



Ko2 



Koi 



Koi-to 



Koksa 



Kolema 



see root: Dekm 

see root: Ak 

see root: Ki 2 

see root: Ak 

see root: Kei4 

see root : Kenk 1 

see root: Kolemos 



Indo-European 03 pok:612 



~X 



KolemOS, Kolema -.grass, reed, cane 



W 



Greek 03 pok:612 



kalamOS : a reed (used as a pen) 



Arabic 

03 TAD:57 



qalam:f 



Persian 03 mon:2715 



qalam : pen, item 



-*" ir - )*; 



5 )jjl ,*_L3 ^y>- 



ilSJj ^y>- ^ ^ -Lot JL&£ <o ^^> 



W 

L 



Latin 03ahd:201 



Calamus : reed, c 



French 03 ahd 



caramel : burnt c 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:612 



kalama: 



Persian 03 mon:2796 



karamel : caramel 



w 



English 03 ahd 



caramel 



Kongar 



Kork 



see root: Karl 
see root: Kerk 



242 



Korka Kormo 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:615 
KOTKcl : gravel 



^\ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:615 



Sarkarah : gravel, i 



I, 



• •Pali 



sakkara : s 



Persian 03 bqt:1279 



sekar:s 



jX^ 



I, 



(•Arabic 03 pla:163 



sukkar 



I, 



4-Middle Latin 

03 AHD:1287 



succarum 



French 



Persian UJ mon:1802 



sakaroz 



JJ 



)0 w 



English 03 kln:1539 



sugar, sucrose 



W-Greek 



03 KLN:1370 



sakkaron 



Latin 



saccharon 



English 03ahd:1140 



saccharin, saccharose 



w 



French B3vop:208 



saccharine : sugar, 

sweet bread 



Persian B3vop:208 



SaxarTn : a type of (tjj&yi) ^jU-U 
sweet bread 

MON:1945 derives "soxan" from 
Russian "suxar: sweet bread" 



W 
^ 



Greek 03 kln:324 



kroke : pebbles 
krokodilos : pebble worm 



Latin 



crocodillus 



English 



crocodile 



Indo-European 03 pok:615 



A 



lAOriTIO : pain, suffering 



<+ 



w 
^ 



Avestan 
03 POK:615 



fsarema : c 



Persian UJ HRN:172; BQT:1264 



Sarm : shame 



fr 5 

Hafez ijj jlxa jj J^fAi (JjjAj «JJjOj^ _ Jjjj Jji *iXJL> alS_i»0 <0 Oj_9 



Germanic 03 ahd 
harmaz : pain 



English 
harm 



243 



Koro koruos 



^ 



Indo-European ffl POK:615; IEC:536 

IaOTO : war, army, a large crowd 
KOTOS : fighting, bullying, arrogance 



Old Persian ffl POK:615; KNT:175 



kar 2, Kara 2 : war, army, people 
U-kara : good army ^Su 1 



W 



Germanic 03 ahd 



harjaz, hari : army 
harjon : to raid 
harja-yyaldaZ: army commander 



harja-bergaz : army h/7/®" Bherg 



^ I Indo-European 03 IEC:538 



koruos : 



^ 



Germanic 03 IEC:538 



if 



hare, harwer, herwes : bitter 



^\ 



h 


Persian LLI BQT:1575; HRN:237; MON:2957 


' 




kar- : a prefix meaning war, army 


<jij> 


> r / 




kar-dar : operations chief^DUev 1 




» 




kar-Van : army, caravan 




M 




k0l"-na : army horn^ Nedo 




u; 




kalenjar : fight 


< ji*itf > 


jt^Jo 



w 



French 03 kln:238 



English 



caravan, van 



English 



Oliver, Herbert, Herman, Walter. 

Harry 

Harold 

harbor 



Persian UJ IEC:538 



Karb : sorrow 

MON:2932 claims this is derived from Arabic 



v/ 



Italian 03 IEC:538 



garbo : bitter 



Kor-ona 



Koros 



koruos 



see root: Sker 1 
see root: Koro 
see root: Koro 



244 



Kost Krei 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:616; ahd:1524 



~X 



IaOSI : bone, rib, side of anything 
AHD claims that this may be related to the root "Ostbone". 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:1643; AEF:261 



kost : side 

uparo-kusta-pama : 

protection for the sides 
^UpoS Pa 



Persian UJ BQT:261, 1643, 1649 



kostT : side, also a belt Sj) 

kosti : belt, wrestling (by grabbing the opponent's belt) -*»& 

bargOStOVan : armor (worn to protect the sides) \\ £„£ j 

"^^ j^3 3 •f^ > y ji^ (--jfclj _ Jw <Ui> Jw» j <0 J^3 Oul J*)} 



w 



Latin 03ahd 



COSta : rib, side 



French 03 ahd:327 



COtelette : cutlet (originally from rib meat) 



Persian 



kotlet: 



G*W 



English 



cutlet 



V k 



^ 



English 



coast 



Kot 



Kou 



see root: Ket 
see root: Keu 3 



Sanskrit 03 BQT:724; MON:1406; HRN:104 



~x 



Kram, Kramati 



: to walk, to step 



v* 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:50 



Xram : to step, walk 



w 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:50 



a-Xram : to walk flauntily 



Persian UJ MON:1406; FFD:50; BQT:724 



XaramTdan : to walk flauntily (aUI J> <f I J>) l}i*J\ J> 
Sa'dt jS ja^aj <CjjU cJ^ _ J$ Cpu ^ J*\J*X*% 



Kramati 



Kred 



see root: Kram 
see root : Kerd 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:618 



A 



Krei 



shine, glow, beauty 



^-*> I Avestan ffl POK:618; KLN:371 



^ 



sn, srayan ■. beauty 

SrTra : beautiful 

Sra-yah : more beautiful, better^" Yah 5 

Sra-esta : most beautiful, best^ Ista 



245 



Krep | Krk 
Krep 



Krep-ed-tro 



see root: Kwer 
see root: Kwer 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:621; kln:252 



A 



Kreu, Qreu, Qreus, Qruwes, Qrus-. to be icy, 

also anything solid, coagulated blood, bloody 



Greek 03 kln:252 



CaSOS : ice 
kaU-CaSOS : shining 

withice^'Ku 1 

(mountains) 



Latin 03 kln:252 



Caucasus : a very 
mountainous area 
between Caspian 
and Black seas. 



I Arabic 



Persian 03 M0N5:1474 



qafqaz : Caucasia \\m$ 



English 03 kln:252 



Caucasian 



Greek 

03 KLN:252,380 



CrOS : frost 

crystacus : /< 



Latin 



crystallum : ice, 

gloss 



French 



crystal 



L 



Persian 



kristal 



crystal Jt~J/ 



English 03 kln:380 



crystal 



English 



cryogenic 






Avestan 03 POK:621; KLN:377 



Xm, Xrum : bloody flesh 
Xriira : bloody, cruel 
Xriima, Xriita, XrUS : dreadful 
XrCizdra : heart 



Sogdian 03 S0D:432 



Xrwm : earth, soil 



Persian 03 IEC:562; MON:3040 



kollJX : dried pieces of mud 

Sa'dr JU«SJj c^'-^H ') ^3^" j— ^ - f^ )'-^' rjw wt^y y% 



i^ 



Greek 03ahd 



kreas : flesh 
pan-kreas : an flesh 



French 



pancreas 



Persian UJvop:108 



pankras:; 



a*'j% 



^ 



English 



pancreas 



V* 



^ 



Latin 03 kln:378 



CrUSta : hardened by freezing 
CnjduS : bloody, raw 



English 



crust 
crude 



Krk 



see root: Kerk 



24! 



K.r.v K's 



Arabic 03 fva:350 



~X 



w\. T.V : a ball, sphere 



W 



Arabic 03 fva:350 



koreh : sphere, 
planet, ball 



Persian 03 fva:350 



koreh : sphere, planet, ball ( ol $ ) $ 



W 



Arabic 03 FSD:1312; PLA:85; AFM:39 



jamah : a round gk 



lass or earthen vessel 



Persian 03 mon:1226 



jarreh :ji 



"f. 



W 



^ 



French 

03 PHN:217; AHD:701 



Jarre -jar 



English 03 FSD:1312; TYL:568 



jar : vessel 



Sogdian 03 SOD:186; SLW:99 
K S : pig 



~~\ 



v» 



^ 



Persian 03 BQT:1563; SLW:99 



kas 2 : pig 

Ezzeddfn Tabasf 



-Lot ji j^S jB'j 'j\ OJU <0 y jJ6 - rb < r J^ oXj&j} k*> ^l J»&> jJj\ 



247 



Ksei 1 Ksei 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:626; kln:272 



~X 



Ksei 1, Qsei 



to be able to, to qualify, to rule 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:626; knt:181; SPG:215 



XSay, XSi 2 : to rule, to qualify 

XSaca : king, ruler 

XSa-thra, XSathra : "having a king", kingdom 

"-thra, -tra" are Avestan suffixes meaning "having, owner of. 



W 



V 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:626; HRN:177; HUB:83 



Sah : king 

Ser : lion 

Satf : kingdom, town 



Persian 03 pok:626 


BQT:648 


ZMA:25 






Sah : king 








«Us 


Sir 2 : lion 










Sahl": town city 








7** 


CaK : a promissory note 


check 






LAS* 


Ferdowsf 


f'j+i'M 


-^» 


•^J tA-Si 


u JlJL*_& j 



Wl 



Arabic 03 kln:272 



^ 



-( [•French " 



English 03 KLN:272,946 



check, chess, 
checkmate ®"M.v.t 



Avestan 03 HRN:100,177; KLN:1110,1386; BQT:1316 



arta-xsatra -.just king cr Ar 

paiti-XSatra : protecting king^ Pa 
XSathra-Vairya : choice kingdom^ Wei 1 

xsathra-dara:hp«srofd^ 

XSatra-pavan: protector of k/ngdom^*" Pa 



Persian 03 bqt; etm:67 


ardesTr : the just king 
padesah : protecting king 


V 


SahrTvar : desired kingdom 
Sahrdar: mayor ( j[>j&& 





Greek 03 etm:67 



satrapes : £ 



French 03 etm:67 



satrape : § 



Persian 03 etm:67 



satrap : £ 



v'y 



J>Lw 



w 



Avestan 03 ahd:1480 



XSaya-arsan : king of men 1 * Eres 1 



Persian 03 bqt; zfS:52 



Xasayar : "king of men" 



JV. 



i>lii> 



Greek D3ahd:1400 



XerexeS : a king of Persia who Invaded Greece 480 BC 



English 03 ahd 
Xerexes 



W 



Pahlavi 03 HRN:171; FFD:62 



SayTtan : to be able to, deserve 



Persian 03 bqt:1237 



Sayestan : to deserve, qualify •jSojUi 



W 
^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:26,28 



XS y : to rule 
XSae-Wan : title of some kings 



Persian 03 S0D:26,28 



af Sin : title of some kings, a male name 



(/T^ 



ii\ 



24S 



Ksei 2 | Ksengio 



W 



Indo-European 03 wld1:501; brt:541 
Ksei 2: bright 



^\ 



Avestan 03 WLD1:501; BQT:788,1320 



xsae-ta, xsoithmi : bright 

hvare-XSaeta : bright sun ®"Saw8l 
yima-XSaetem : brilliant king^Yem 



raoc-xsaena, raoxsna : bright tight 

^Lsuk 
drafsa : (bright) banner 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:756; MON:1425 


' 




Sid : bright ( e±Ji ) ±Ji 




XOfSld : brilliant sun ( XJSjla ) X*Ji ja> 




JamSICl : "brilliant king", a male name Xji^?- 




draxsidan : to shine ( JSj , ^iJ^-j ) ^±J&j} 




rowsan: bright <J^3J)&*}J 




drafsidan : to shine ( ^ Ji$p ) ^xJup 




jii^j ^j I; iy> ^j— * 3 *^ 0^*^ 




Fsrdowst ' ^.P D^J-* 3 L^**" D^J-* 



w 



Avestan 

03 WLD1:501; BQT:1320; SYN:1053 



a-XSae-na : not bright, 
a dark color, green ^^Ne 1 



W 
^ 



Sogdian 03 SQP:27 



axs'ynh:^ 



Persian 03 BQT:756; MON:1425; FRS:89 



Xasan : dark blue 

XasTsar : a blue bird with white head 






Ferdowsf 



Indo-European ffl pok:626 
Ksei 3: to settle 



^\ 






Avestan 03 pok:626 



Saeiti, Shiti://wngp/acs 
SOithra : land 



Greek 03 POK:626; AHD:45 



ktizein : to found, establish 

amphi-ktUOneSS : established around each other'^' Ambhi 



English 03 KLN:65; ahd 



amphictyony : confederation 
of states in ancient Greece 



Ksengio 



see root: Ghengh 



245 



Ksero Kseud 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:625 

Ksero : dry 



^\ 



Greek 

03 POK:625; AHD:424 



XerOS : dry powder, 
medicine 



Arabic 03 ahd:424 



al-iksir: e/ix/r®" AI3 



Persian 03 mon:331 



eksir : 



'jyj> J J*s»U> XiU ?lJ> t»j*> < r SB V> 
Hafez .LULwO j-ww I <0 JU>- £j\ ji jbl) 



^ I French 03 dev:1 



English 03 kln:509 



elixir 



V* 



English 03 kln:1757 



Xer-, XerO- : dry 

Xeroderma : roughness of the skin 



V* 



Latin 03 kln:1422 



SerenUS : clear, calm sky 



English 



serene, serenity 



W 



^ 



French 



Serenade : music played at night 



English 



serenade 



Indo-European 03 pok:625 



~X 



Kseubh: 



to shake, rock, disturb 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:625; FFD:26 



XSaob, XSUfsan : disturbance 
XSaub : to shake 
S-XSUf-ta : disturbed 
a-XSaub-a : disturbance 



Pahlavi 

03lSS:11 



asup 
asuptak 



^ 



► — 


Persian 




03 POK:625; BQT:45; MON:2988; FFD:26 




as U b : disturbance \^t oju \ 




aSOftan : to be disturbed (Cjji I ) yi& I 




kasoftan, kasaftan:tot*s(ur(j ■£>}$ 








VTs-o-Ramtn <CiS-i (Jjj j-O fljlj Si 



Indo-European 03 pok:625; wld1:502 



~X 



Kseud, Qseud: 



water, to clean by stamping in water 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:625; WLD1:502 



xsaod, xsaud:f/ow 

XSLldra : water, liquid, semen 
XSaudra : male, husband 
XSVld : milk 
SVestaS : butter 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:172,177; BQT:1267,1312; FFD:63 


' 




SOStan : to clean, wash 'JLju 
SUy : husband ( ^>y&bj t y& t Jbpk ) L5y^ 



250 



KsTp | Ksiptom 



^ 



Indo-European 03 IEC:573 



~X 



IaSIP, IaSIPII : strike, weapon, spike 

Ksiptom, Ksiptis: stiii i-,ii»i:d 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 hrn:178, ffd:65 



XSip, XSWaip, XSWaif : movement, strike 
XSVaepa : back, behind, slope 






Pahlavi 

03 HRN:178 



Sip:s 



Persian UJ BQT:1318; MON:2101 



Sib: 



y ..!:, 



Avestan 03 BQT:2147; HRN:231 



ni-XSVaepa : down slope-® Hi 1 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:2147 


' 




naSID : down slope, low land u-wJi3 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:65 



Stb : to be disturbed 
Seb : whip 



Persian 03 FFD:65; MON:2101 



Stftan : to be agitated 
sTbTdan : to be disturbed 



(4*JU*3 ) •Jejuni 



l-mUj y*%% jU— **-») j4— ° )' <0 - *— — "w*U 'y& j 5 $ O jl j5 1 l^Avj 



v k 






Sogdian 03 S0D:439 



XWSyp : whip 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:573 



ksiptam : wound 



W 

L 
^ 



Greek 03 IEC:573 



ksiphos : thrusting sword 



Latin 03 IEC:573 



SipillUS: razor 



Persian 03 mon:2101 



stb : whip 



KsTph 



Ksiptis 



Ksiptom 



see root: KsTp 
see root: KsTp 
see root: KsTp 



251 



KsTro Ksudros 



W 



Indo-European 03wld1:503 
KsTrO : milk 



^\ 



Avestan 

03 AHD:1175; HRN:178; SOD:29 



xsira, xsvipata : milk 
apa-xsira : m«k 



Persian 03 


SYN:385; 


BQT:1322; 


HRN:178; 


MON:2108,5187 


ETM:69 


Sir 1 : milk 
Sir-O-Sekar : milk and 

ham-sireh : sister 

Molavf 


sugar, a kind of silk fabric $*&*} yjb 



Wl 



Hindustani 



^ 

L 
^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:29,82 




'xsy'bt: milk 








Sanskrit 03 WLD1:503; SYN:385 


ksira : milk 



English 03 AHD:1175; KLN:1411 

Seersucker : a cotton fabric 
with a striped pattern 



Indo-European 03 IEC:576,1060 



~X 



Ksudros, Qusudros: 



coarse, granular, crushed in small pieces 






Avestan 

03 BQT:729; IEC:576,1060 


XSUdram : seed 

xvareta : small 






Sanskrit 03 IEC:576 




ksudrah : small 










Armenian 03 IEC:576 




XOrd : small 





Pahlavi 03 bqt 



kvart : small 



Persian 03 BQT:729; IEC:576,1060 



XOrd : small 



( JLOji> < «iji> ) }j? 



j^jjjD'jj^Dj 



Lt>4 



^lysC—wl 



is" 



Sa'dr ;> $ j\^s. jiSU>- <6 c-3yo ^u> J»Z J* 



252 



Ku 1 Ku 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:595 
KU 1, KiU 5: to torn 



~x 



Greek 03 POK:595; WLD1:376; KLN:223 



Kalo : to burn, firewood 

kalo-podein : wooden foot, mold^ Pad 



W 



Pahlavi ffl bqt:1095 



kal-pad : fabrication mold, shape, body 
IEC:1049,1051 derives this word from 
Avestan "kehrp: flesh", from Indo-European 
root "Kwrp, Kwerp: shape, form body". 



Persian 


ffl MON:2858; 


IEC:1047 




kala : manufactured good 


merchandise 


% 






(J}Xw> <W»^£ j\j$ jJ> 2ilS ^> 


Assar 




(JJjJj (Jjll J>\ u 


oW 


References not clear on the 


exact path of derivation 





v k 



Persian 03 BQT:1075; MON:2859 


kaleb : mold, body 




JK 


kalbod : body 




jJlS" 


Nezamt ei*J ,_JB ^J (J L_w. 


j? yj* ?lJ> 


- ^ V-^ &) .P ^ y &) 3 y &) 



w 



Arabic 03 KLN:223; PLA:215 



qalib : mold 

q . I . D : to make, turn around 



Persian 


03 MON:2621; FVA:337 


qaleb: 


void 




JlS 




>— JjiXo 


< yX&l 


, lJJ 




yXii, 


i_-iS i 


_j jjjt= 



w 



Italian 03 kln:223 



CalibrO : mold, size 



French 



Persian 03 mon:2621 






English 



caliber 



W 



Greek 03 kln:252 



KaU : burning, shining 

kau-casos : 

(mountains) shining 
with ice Kreu 



Latin 



Caucasus : a very 
mountainous area 
between Caspian 
and Black seas 



Arabic 



Persian 03 M0N5:1474 



qafqaz : Caucasia 



J 



w 



English 03 kln:252 
Caucasian 



W 



^ 



Greek 03 KLN:253; POK:595 



kauma : burning heat 
holo-kaUStOS : burnt whole cr So\ 



Latin 03 ahd:191,629 



Cauma : heat of the day, resting period 
holocaUStum : burnt whole 



English 



calm 
holocaust 



253 



Ku 2 Kuei 



Indo-European ffl pok:626 
KG 2: spike 



w 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:626 



SU-ka : needle 



Latin 03 pok:626 



CUneUS : wedge 



~~\ 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:1187; HRN:167 


' 




SUZan:neec//e 

SLJk : needle-like growth at the tip of wheat 


O &*U 


Oy*J 



English 



cuneiform, coin 



Ku3 



see root: Skeu 2 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1021 



Kuatos, Quatos, Quatis : 



W 



Sanskrit 03 hrn:186 



Kaca : straw 



^ 



(•Pahlavi 03 hrn:186 



^ 



kah : straw 

kah-mpati : amber^Leup 





Persian 03 BQT:1583; IEC:1021 




kah : straw \ e\$ 
kahroba : amber ( (jj£ ) I; Jb(£ 



Kub 



Kue 



see root : Geu 1 
see root: Kwe 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:629 



Kuei, Kweit : white, shining 



Sanskrit 
03 POK:629 



CVitra : white 
SVeta : white 



Old Persian 03 bqt:1092 



Sipithra : white, bright sky 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1092 



spihr: sky 



V 



Avestan 03 pok:629 



Spaeta : white 
Spiti-doithra : bright 



w 

^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:64 



'sp'yt: wh«B 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hwitaz : white 
hwaitjaz : wheat 



Persian UJ bqt:1092 



Sepehr: sky, fate 



( ^^l ) j^ 



Hafez 01-wjO jul>l (-~w> y> t JJJO y O 

See "Spher" for another possible root 



Persian UJ hrn:157 



SepTd : white ( jJl« , i±~*» ) 1~»» 



English 03 ahd 



white, wheat 



254 



Kulanja | Kung 



Sanskrit 03 SIN:545 



~X 



KUlSnjcl : a plant (alpina 



v* 



Persian 03 MON:1437; SIN:545 



Xalanj, Xalang : galingale 



OJJ^> i PM&- 



Arabic 03pla:112 



xalanj, xalanjan 



Middle Latin 

03 KLN:635 



galinga 



^ 



English 03 SIN:545; AHD:539; KLN:635 



galingale 

AHD:539 & KLN:635 derive it from Chinese 
"KaO-Liang Caing: ginger from Kao-Liang". 
SIN:545 calls this a translation error. 



Kumb 



see root : Geu 1 



Indo-European 03 IEC:588,589 



~X 



Kund, Kundos 



: blunt, stout, stocky, rough 



h 


Persian ffl IEC:588 


' 




kond 1, blunt, dull, not sharp ^ jj£ 




kondT : dullness ' {JxS 




Sa'dr $& SXJ> j-^>l) {5)y <Vy <0 _ Jlu ' «U$ ' (yjy&S j*JuJ* <0 






Sanskrit 03 IEC:588,589 



kunthah : aunt, strong, 
hero 



Armenian 03 IEC:588 



kunt, kund : stocky 



h 


Persian UJ mon:3088 


' 




kond 2 : a strong fighter, hero 


T jJkS" 




kondT 2 : courage 


( Ijj£ Jjjj" ) p * (JjjS' 




kondavar : fighter 


j^lJJj i J^'JJw 




FerdowsT ^l jjW &) ^^> 3 f l^> ^> . 


.^Ij^iJJo 3 6 J 3™^ (Ir 



Kundos 



see root: Kund 



Indo-European 03 IEC:588,1635 



~X 



Kung, Kunki, Kungios: , 



h 






Persian ffl IEC:588,1635 


' 








konj : corner, hunchback 

konj-kav : "digging into corners", curious 

Sanaf J$ J\l njS w j\^ ^ — ^5 Ulv! 


?l0 


► 


Sanskrit ffl IEC:1635 






kunce : bend 






Armenian 03 I EC: 1635 



kncim : knot, twist 



Dutch 03 I EC: 1635 



konk 



English 03 IEC:1635 



hunch, hunch-back 

KLN:750 claims it could be a deformation of "hump" 



255 



Kungios | Kupriti 



Kungios 



Kunki 



Kunos 



see root: Kung 
see root: Kung 
see root: Keu 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:627 
KUP 1, SUP 2 -.shoulder 



V* 



Avestan 
03 POK:627 



SUpti : shoulder 



^ 



Persian UJ SYN:236; POK:627; BQT:1143; HRN:163 



Soft : shoulder 

Ferdowsf JJj (^u 4jic» ^)g^> <CJ-3 tj^j-^ - -U»*w 'wOvilA j^wm^^/j 0i-Ju> {j\ y> t 



W I Sanskrit 03 pok:596; : 



Indo-European 03 pok:596 



~X 



KDp 2, Kwep : to smoke, cook, 
also move violently, be agitated 



kapi : incense, smoke (color) 
kapila : brownish / reddish color 
Kapi : brownish animal, monkey 
POK indicates that "kapi" is not verified. 



Pahlavi 

ffl HRN:87; SIN:581 



kapik: monkey 



Persian 

ffl BQT:1593; FSF:268; HUB:87 



kapi : monkey J^5 i **$ 






Old Persian 03 pok:597 



kupsins : mists 



Latin 03 POK:596; AHD:1524 



Vapor : steam 



English 03 ahd 



vapor, evaporate 



Latin 03ahd:1524 



CUpere : desire 



English 



Cupid 



Akkadian 03akd:60 



~X 



Kupriti -.sulfur 



W 
^ 



Aramaic 03 akd:60 



gubrita, kubrita : sulfur 



Arabic 

03 AKD:60; BQT:1588 



kibrit -.sulfur, match 



Persian 03 BQT:1588; MON:2887 



kebrit : sulfur, match 



"1.JT 



2b i 



Kur Kur-wo 



Indo-European 03 POK:524; IEC:591,1046 

Kur, Quoros : da* w/nd 

IacII '.prison 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 IEC:1046 



kaurVO : black 



Pahlavi 03mon:3118 



k6r : blind 



Sanskrit 03 POK:524; IEC:1046 



kara : r 



Persian UJ MON:3118; IEC:1046 



kur:Mnd 






Greek ffl i EC: 1046 



pOfOS : dark, blind 



Kur 



Kurb 



Kurkana 



see root: Ker5 
see root: Gurb 
see root: Kurkanu 



Akkadian 03 akd:57 



~X 



Kurkanu, Kurkana: 



W 



Aramaic 

03 KLN:375; AKD:57 



kurkema 



Arabic 03 akd:57 



korkom 



I 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:1624 


' 




korkom : Indian saffron S S 



^ 



Late Latin 03 KLN:385; PHN:133 



CUrCUm : saffron 



English 03ahd:323 



Akkadian 03 akd:51 



A 



Kurkizannu: 



W 



Syriac 

03 AKD:51 



karkedana 



Arabic 

03 AKD:51 



karkadan 



^ 



Persian 03 BQT:1622; FSF:270 



karg, kargadan: rhinoceros &■&$ < ^S 



Kuros 



Kur-wo 



see root: Keu 2 
see root: Sker 1 



257 



Kut Kwe 



Indo-European 03 IEC:594 
KUl: small, short 



W 



Avestan 03 HUB:89; HRN:194; IEC:594 



ku, kva, kutaka:sma// 
kvataka, kautaka : child 



^ 



~X 



Persian 03 BQT:1721; IEC:594 



kiitah : short 
kudak : child 
klJCak : small 






Kut-no 



Kuur 



Ku-z-dho 



Kwal 



Kwalo 



Kwalos 



see root: Skeu 2 

see root: Keu 2 

see root: Skeu 2 

see root: Skwalo 

see root: Skwalo 

see root: Skwalo 



Indo-European 03 pok:635 



Kwe, Qwe, Kue, Que, Kwi 2-. and 






Avestan 03 POK:635; KLN:1425 



Ca, Ca : and 

cis-Ca 1 : any, whatever 

cit 1 



Old Persian 03 pok:635 



Ca, Ca : and 

ciy 1 



A 



Latin 03 pok:635 



que: and 

Semi-Sque : one half more 



English 03 kln:1425 



SesqUI- -.half more 

sesqui centennial 



25£ 



Kwei 1 Kwei 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:637 



~X 



Kwei 1, Qwei, Qwi 



to pay back, revenge, punish 



Avestan 

03 POK:637; SYN:826,1447 



Kay 1 : be punished 
kaena : punishment 
katha : revenge 
Citha : penalty 
ClSti : sorrow 



Persian 03 POK:637; KLN:1759 



kin : hostility, revenge ( A^J ) >^J 



W 
^ 



Sogdian 03 SOD:203 



kyn, kynh : vengeance, hatred 



Greek 03 kln:1447 



pome : penalty 



English 03 ahd 



punish, penalty, pain 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:637 



A 



Kwei 2, Kwoi 



to pile up, build, make 



Avestan 03 POK:637,638 



kay 2, kaes, Cay, CI 1 : to select, prepare 
Cayeiti, Cinyaiti ;. selects, sorts 
pairi-Cayeti : set around®" Par 1 
ham-ci, ham-Cay : to put togefher®"Sem 1 
Vi-Cay, Vi-kay : to choose apart, sefecf®"wi 



Persian 

03 POK:637; BQT:167,380,676; HRN:204; AEF:152,582 



^O^v ^"^? 



Cldan : to put in order, arrange, cut 

parcTn : fence y^ j 

anjldan : to cut up in pieces, pierce C\X*2o\ 

gozidan : choose ( ^JjjJ^j ) ^ ^Jjj? 

Labtbt Jjl sXwfXi) ijjj>- J OU>- ^jl jj 

HUB:18 does not agree that 
"cTdan" and "anjTdan" are related. 



W 



Avestan 

03 HRN:90; FFD:47 



taug, taUX: to pay 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:90; FFD:47 



toxtan : (o r 



Persian UJ HRN:90; FFD:47 



tozidan : to pay (jy> tx£ , jyi , jvij-y) 0-4jy 

Ferdowst jbiLj L»j J>jIa_) \j «J_) 






Old Persian 03 knt:209 



S3 1 : to build, pile up 
fra-Sa : build, erect 



Avestan 03 knt:209 



Spa 2 : throw away 



Pahlavi 03 knt:209 



pan-Sp : wall (built around) ^* Per 1 



Avestan 03 pok:637 



kaes : make 

fra-kaes, Vi-kaes : to prepare, arrange 



Greek 03 ahd 



poiein : to create 



English 



poem, poet 



255 



Kweit Kwel 



Kweit 



see root. 



Kuei 



Indo-European 03 pok:638 



Kwek, Qwek: 



to appear, see, show 



^ I Avestan 03 POK:638; KLN:42; SYN:1436 



kas, CaS, CaS : to behold, see, taste 

Casman : eyes 

a-Kasat : he saw, is informed 

ni-kasa:/ook®"Nti 

Vi-kas, Vi-kaya, Vi-Ci : see apart, distinguish^ 



Persian UJ BQT:52,638,1849,2163; HRN:210 



Casm : eye 
agah : aware 

negah : look 

gOVah : witness 






Pahlavi 03 ISS:98 



CaSISn : taste 
CaSltan : to taste 



^ 



Persian UJ ISS:98 



CasTdan : to taste ( Jjil» , JjJ^ ) V*? 
Cast : morning meal C-Jul?- 






Indo-European 03 pok:640 



~X 



Kwel, Qweh 



to move around, dwell 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:640; BQT:629; SYN:725,905 



caxra, cakra, caxra : wheel 



h 


Persian 


' 




CarX : wheel m j>. 



Avestan 03 BQT:635; DRM; FFD:73 



Car, Car : to move around, graze 
wi-Car: to do ®"wi 



W 



Pahlavi 


Car : to graze 




Va-Car : place to 


get together, 


bazaar ^^ Aba 




wizardan : to dc 


, translate 



Persian 03 MON:1268; BQT:614; FFD:73 



0-4>? 



CarTdan : to graze 

Zar 2 : place of, home of r ) - 

bazar : "place of assembly", bazaar ( AO ) JU ) }l JU 

j\yi* ,j\^ ,j\^ja ,j\jJ6 ,j\-jS 

gOZardan : to do, (rans/ate iPj'i^ 



^►1 Turkish 03ahd 

\ — 

^ I Italian 






English 03 ahd 



bazaar 



Sanskrit 03 pok:639 



cal: 



Sogdian 03 S0D:131 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:639 


' 




CalTdan : to walk proudly 


< o-y^ ) o-^ 




Calak : quick, fast 


jt% 




CaleS : struggle, quarrel 


A 




Nszamt ^|ji j*« lj JUJ J>U ajji 


- o'j^% '-^-* b'J> jyj 



Avestan 

03 POK:639; SOD:203 



kar 2, karsa : to plow 
karaya : to sow 



Pahlavi 
03 SNS:220 



kistan : to plow, 

sow, plant 



Persian 03 BQT:1567; HRN:185 



kastan : to plant ())j\j£ , C*£$ , 'fj6 ) •jl&lS' 

karidan 1 : to plant ( r X ) ^ ^jjji 



260 



Kwel Kwen 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:640 



Kwel, Qwel : to, more around, dive// 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03 ahd 



ku-klos : wheel 

teloS : end of a cycle, far away 

telesma : mystery 



Arabic 



Persian 03 mon:2232 



telesm : mystery, spell 



jl^rfj^jft 



Wl 



v» 



French 



Persian 03 mon 






English 



cycle, cylinder, encyclopedia 

tele-, teletype, telescope, television, telegraph 






Russian 03 syn:724; ahd 



koleSO : wheel 
kaljaska : carriage 



Persian 03 mon:2861 



kaleskeh:c 



<6*J*6 



German 03 ahd 



hwe-hula : wheel 



English 



wheel 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



COl-ere : to inhabit 
COl-lum : neck 



English 



colony, culture, clown 
collar 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:630 
Kweil 1 : holy 



^\ 



Avestan 

03 KLN:746; SYN:1476; HRN:210; BQT:121,210 



Spenta : holy, also an herb 
SpentO-datO : holy creation^" D6 2 
gaO-Spenta : holy domestic animal, sheep 
®"Gwou 



Persian 



esfand : an aromatic plant 

EsfandTyar : "n< 

gCisfand : sheep 



EsfandTyar : "holy creation", a name jUjjJu*! 



JiijL«a} 



" w 



w 

^ 



Greek 03 kln:7 



apsinthion : an herb 



Arabic 03 tad:4 



afsantin 



h 


Persian ffl mon:316 


' 




afsantTn : an herb *wJU*JI 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln:746 



hun-slam :no/y 



English 



housel 



communion 



261 



Kwen 2 Kwer 



Indo-European 03 pok:640 
KWGn 2 : sip, swallow 



W 



W 
^ 



Old Iranian 03 ah m : 1 84 



Cam : to sip, drink 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:640 



camati, camati: to j 



~X 



Persian 03 POK:640; AHM:184 



CamTdan 2 : to sip, drink (obsolete) 



v r^ ) 0"^?*? 



Persian 03 pok:640 



kam 2 : palate V fllS" 



Kwep 



see root: Kup2 



^, 



Indo-European 03 pok:641 



Kwer, Qwer: to make, form 



(f-Avestan / Old Persian 
03 NYB:157; HRN:80; ZAW:38; SYN:628 



kar 1 , kara 1 : to work 

paiti-kara : wo* aga/nsf, f/gfrf ^ Par 3 
paiti-kara : form against (like) something^ Per 3 

Wi-kar:tod/gesf®"wi 



t^ 



PART 1 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



► 


Persian 03 BQT:1549,1617,1779 




karidan 2 -.to do fl JS , ^iS ) ^ ^XiJS 




gar 2 : a suff/x meaning worker ' J 




/jj'/ 8 j/'r^*' 




kahr-man : wise at work, hero ?Afl ^ *i")U* *&5 



w 



Persian 03 DM0:115; MON:2057,3426; FFD:68,75 



paykar : fight 

paykar : body, statue 

sekar : hunt 
govardan : digest 






Avestan / Old Persian 
03 HRN:201;ZAW:38 



kfta : creation, city 

yazato-karteta : God's 



W 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:1787,2432; DM0:115 


' 




-Vard, -gard, -jerd : town, installations £c> - i^S - i 2j3 _ 




*> jXmO * *> J*>>***> &** 1 * ""j^SA * *^jy*}' 




Yazdgerd : "God's creation", a male name^Yag Ji J Ji Vj 




Lajvard : "ftome of Turkish Laj(in) tribe" 1 ^ La\\n Jlja^/ 



Avestan 

03 BQT:173; ZAW:38,242; HRN:28,232; HUB:39 



han-kar : to do (consider) all, imagine^" Sam 1 

han-kareyemi. han-keretha:cpnsirf8r 

hasa-kerta : one who pays attention 
and follows, a student Sekw 



pairi-kara : go (draivj around, 
a compass Pev 1 



^ 



Persian ffl BQT:173,2157,2164; ZAW:38,242 



engardan : imagine ( fa\ t ^J&\ ) ^pj&l 

Sagerd : student, follower } S\j> 

pargar : compass, necklace, fortune »\$ .j 



Ferdowsf 



la )(JlO *. 



HUB:39 is not sure about the derivation of "pargar" 



262 



Kwer Kwermi 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:641 



Kwer, Qwer: to make, form 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 pok:641 



Cara: to mediate 

Vi-Cir : to judge, judgment^ Wi 



Persian 03 BQT:1778,1809,1814,2258; HRN:205,242 



Careh : relief, solution 
\/a£ar -.judgment 






gOZIf : relief, remedy 



<jij^) j>J 



^ I Arabic 



Persian UJ bqt:2279 



VaZlf : judge, minister 



MS 



^ 



Sanskrit 03ahd 



SamS-kfta : worked before, prepared 



Persian UJ MON5:809 



Sanskrit: Sanserif ( Cj£««3Li ) COjla^a 



English 



Sanskrit 



W 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:32 



kfty : work, manner 
n -kftk : not done, uncoined 
silver^ He 1 



Persian 03 bqt:2157 



noqreh : silver eSj 

Compare with the etymology of Persian word "sfm: silver" 



Indo-European 03 pok:620; kln:355 



Krep : body 

lAr©P"©Q"trO : body eaters, carnivorous creatures^^ Ed 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:620 



kerefs : body 
Xrafstra : carnivorous 
creatures 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:40 



xrafstar : pests, 

troublesome creatures 



Persian 03 SNS:40; MON:1411,1419 



xerafstar -.pest ( ji»> ) jLi^j 



Latin 03ahd 



COrpUS : form, body 



French 03 AHD:300; KLN:355 



COrS : body 

Corset : little body, bra 



Persian 03 mon 



korset : bra 



"J 



^ 



^ 



English 03ahd:298 



corpse, corporation, corset 



Kwermi 



see root: Wer2 



263 



Kwes Kwes 






Indo-European ffl POK:631; CEL6:284 
KWGS : to pant, to breathe fast 



^\ 



Avestan 03 POK:631; SYN:260 



SUSI, SUS : the lungs 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:192 



SUS : lung 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:173; BQT:1266 


' 




p 
SOS : lung £J& 



Persian 03 CEL6:284 



hava: 



V 



Greek 03ahd 



kustis : bladder, I 



English 



cyst 



Latin 03ahd 



queri : complain 



English 



quarrel 



Old Norse 03 CEL6:286 



hwosan : puff 



264 



Kwetwer Kwetwer 






Indo-European 03 pok:642 



~X 



Kwetwer, Qwetwor -.tour 



Avestan 03 pok:642 



catwarao : four 



Persian 03 pok:642 



i>? < «->jW? < ^jW ' jW 



Armenian 03 SNS:148 



Catvar : one fourth 



Persian 03 SNS:148 



Katvar : one quarter of a kilogram (250 grams) ) v^" 

MON:1273 claims this word has entered Persian through Russian. 



Sanskrit 03 bqt:1254 



Catur-anga : four members, 
referring to the chess game ^^Ang 



W 



Pahlavi 



catrang : chess 



Persian 



katrang : chess ( » Ji& , SiZJ> ) SifS 

Najjar J\j jjj J*}\qJ £wl> ^ ^ -w ^ 3~^ 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:1068 



quadrus : four 
quadraginta : forty 



French 



h 


Persian LLI mon 


' 




kadr : frame, framework 00 



English 03 ahd 



cadre, squad, square, quart, quarter 



W 



Italian 03ahd:1068 



quadratina : forty, forty days of isolation 
at the entry ports of a country enforced 
upon people or products suspected of 
carrying contagious diseases 



Arabic 03 tad:62 



karantina, qarantina : quarantin 



W 



Persian 03 mon:2666 



qarantin : quarantine ( d,',,.,,^'* A ) » . U't A 



English 03ahd:1068 



quarantine 






Germanic 03 ahd 



petWOr : four 



English 



four, fourteen, forty 



Greek 03ahd:1365 



tra-peza : -four-it 

table, trapezoid Ped 



Arabic 03 mon:1481 



dar-bezin : a seating area 
between two doors of a room 



Persian UJ mon:1481 



darabzin : a seating area *j yl jO 



► Latin 03 ahd \>- 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



trapezoid, trapeze 



265 



Kweye | K.w.n 



Indo-European 03 kln:1740; pok:638 



~X 



Kweye, Qweye : quiet, comfortable 






Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:638; KLN:1740; KNT:210; ZFS:51 



Sa 3, Sya 2 : to rest 

ci-Sya : resting place, nest 

Saiti 2, Syat\ : happiness, peace 



Persian 03 HRN:6,169; BQT:46,1222 



asiyaneh : nest < ^UsT ) 4>U;T 

Sad : happy ( £,U>lfc , LSiUi ) iU& 

See "Gwhen 1" for another possible root of "asfyan{eh)" 



Latin 03ahd 



quies : quiet 
tranS-quillllS : calm 



English 



quiet, tranquil 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1740 



hwilo : resting period, a length of time 



English 



while 



Kwi 1 



Kwi2 



see root: Kwo 
see root: Kwe 



W 



Semitic ffl KLN:1433; SAP:716 



K.w.n : 



to be, to stand firm 



Arabic ffl sap:1454 



k.W.n : to become, 
to be, to exist 



h 


Persian 03 MON; FVA:359; FSF:265 






makan : place \\$j> 




kaenat : beings, world Cj\iJ6 , Cj\ij6 




takvTn : creation 'jSj 




kon : short for Arabic phrase "kon fayakun" ( /\a3 q *J5D ) O 




^y 3 u90 jl -Lot JjJj JUS ^ 




Ferdowst ^ H ji j| ^Uji) J \j> 



w 



Semitic ffl KLN:1433; AKD:30 



S.K.n : to lay, set, deposit 



V 



^ 



Hebrew 03 kln:1433 



Sekinah : standing calm, 
dwelling place (of God) 



I Arabic 03sap:716 



► I Arabic 03 mon:1902 



Persian 03 mon 






Persian 03 mon:1902 



SakTneh : "calm, peaceful" 
a female name 



kSa 



w 



w 



Indo-European 03 POK:644,646; ahd 



Kwo, Kwi 1 



stem of interrogative and relative pronouns 



Avestan 03 POK:644,648; BQT:1748; HRN:196 



ko, ka 1 , ku 1 , ku-thra, ka-hya : who, which, where? 

ka 3 : how? 

kam 1 , kam-cit, katama : which? 

kat : whether 

ka-da, ka-tha : when? ®"ds 2 

katara : which of the two? either 



Avestan 03 POK:644,648; BQT:1748; HRN:196 



C-, CU, C\2:how? 
cis 2, Cis-Ca 2 : who? 
CeC : whether 
Clt : even, in any case 
Caiti, cUvant: how many? 
Ca-hya : who, which? 



W 



Old Persian 03 POK:644; SNS:86 



ka 1 , kam 1 : if 

kai-gi : what, how? 
Ciy 2 : even, in any case 

cis-ciy, kas-ciy : who? 

aiva-ciy : nothing, none^ 



W 



W 



Germanic 03 pok:464; ahd 



hwa, hwi : ? 
hwatharaz 



English 



Kwo Kwoi 



~X 



Persian 03 bqt:672 


ku : where? 


4 


koja : where? 


\# 


kodam : which? 


Aj$ 


kay 1 : when? 


V 


\C\:who? 


V 



Persian 03 


BQT:672 


Ceh : what? 




<ur?>^ 


CUn: how? 




0^? 


CIZ : thing 




j«? 


Cand : how many? 


JJw> 
If 



Persian 03 BQT:1641; SNS:86 



kaS : person 
MIC : nothing, none 






who, what, why, which, how, where, when 
either, neither 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



qu-, quantis, qualis 



English 



quantity, quality 



Kwoi 



see root: Kwei 2 



267 



Kwon Kwon 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:632; KLN:746; BQT:1155 

Kwon, Ka 2, Sua : *, g 



~x 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:632; kln:746 



Spa 1, SUn6 :dog 
Spaka : dog 



w 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:164 



Sak : dog 



Persian 03bqt:1155 



Sag : dog 



lX»" 



Avestan 03 POK:632; FIB:207 



Spada, Spatha : army 
Spatha-paiti : army protector (leader) 
®"psr3 
Aspadana : city of the army (Isfahan) 



I 



► Persian 03 BQT:118,1087; HRN:155; POK:632 



Sepah : army ( <U» ) oLo 

1 1 

Sepahbod : Lieutenant-general ( j J W4Lm« ) * • (1 • ■■' 

Esfahan : Name of a city In central Iran huJLpt 



Sogdian 03 S0D:94 



sp'd, "spd:£ 



W 



Old Persian 03 knt:210 



spada :s 



V 



Old Persian 03 knt:209 



Saka 2 : dog 



Germanic 03 ahd 



hundaz : dog 



Latin 03 kln:746 



CaniS : dog 

insula Canaria : dog island, named after its large dogs 



W 



Spanish ffl kln:230 



CanariO : from Canary Islands < a bird > 



W 



French 



Canari : canary bird 



I 



^ 



English 



hound 



English 



kennel 
Canary Islands 



Persian 03 mon:2730 


qanari : canary (JlLS 








English 03 ahd 






canary 



Kwri | Kyo 



Indo-European 03 pok:648 

Kwri, QwrLfotay 



~X 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:50 



Xn : to buy 



Sanskrit 03 POK:648; BQT:743 



kri : to buy 



Persian 03 POK:648; KLN:1241; SYN:817; BQT:743 



XarTdan : to buy, accept 



Abu-Sa'fd Abol-Khayr 






Sogdian 03 S0D:167 



Xr yn : to buy 



Greek 03 kln:1241 



priamUS : redeemed 



English 



Priam : king of Troy in Greek mythology 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:649 



~X 



Kwsep : e 



Avestan 

03 POK:649; DRM2:161 



XSap : night 
XSafniy a : night meal 
XSapan : nightly 



w 
^ 



Sogdian 03 SOD:29,432 



XSp : night 
XS m : evening 



Persian 03 MON; BQT:1229,1239; HRN:169; SYN:992 


Sab : night 






U-w« 


SabdTz : a "dark colored" horse ** Dsik 






yijX***» 


Sabestan : "place for holding the night", bed ^Sta 






LJ 


OJJ&w« 


Si^. 


>&&.j&& 


Sam : dinner, night 






< olxflUs ) Aa 


Nezamt *»XjJj JO yj» j_jX*-3 (jy? <G - PJj} 


3^ 


&js* j y &*£ ^ 



Kyo 



see root: Ki 2 



La Laid 



L 



Indo-European 03 IEC:659; pok:651 



A 



Lcl, LcllO : roar, bark, bellow 



Persian LLI IEC:659; MON:3549 



layidan : to express sorrow /\Xod 

Molavr [qJ) A*J oJJj Jb- }*& iJisjS 4$ JiU _ [*->)!— jfl jl jJi jl i—wiw a *JL^)La 






Germanic 03 ah d : 1 525 



lollen : to lull 



English 03 ahd 



lull 



Latin 03 ahd 



lamentum : expression of sorrow 



English 03 ahd 



lament 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



lalein : to talk 
lalos : talkative 



English 03 ahd 



glossolalia, echolalia 



Akkadian 03 ahd:730 



~X 



Ladunu 



: resin of a certain tree 



^l 



Arabic 



Persian 03 KLN:855; MON:3523 



ladan : lotus, its good smell \^j 



W 



^ 



Greek 

03 BQT:1876; SKT:1286 



ladon, lotos 



Latin 

03 AHD:771 



lotus 



English 



lotus 



Laid 



see root: La 



270 



LajTn | Lakti 



Turkish 03 M0N6:1773 



~X 



LajTn : 



name of a Turkish tribe 



v. 



h 


Persian ffl MON6:1773; KLN:137 


' 




LajTn : name of a Turkish tribe 'y&X 




Laj-Vard : a city in Turkestan recorded by Marco Polo ^^ Kwer ' £ j <^-^j 




laj Vard : lapis lazuli from city of Lajvard, its blue color * ) ^ ^ 




&*J&y**jffl 




Khaqanf ^UwU J^Jt /J-J j> CU*-J>5 <j3 j J^Jt - 2> )*ffd ^~JJU* /J-J j> CUwl J^jflJ* 1 )^ 



I, 



(•Arabic 03 PLA:240; AFM:141; AHD:737 



al-lazaward : lapis lazuli 



^ 



(•Latin 03 KLN; AHD; KGW:108 



^ 



laZUlum : (stone of) lazuli 
aZZUrum : tha blue color of lapis lazuli 
The initial "L" was mistaken for the definite 
article and consequently dropped in some words 



English 

03 AHD; KLN; WEB 



lapis lazuli 

azure 

azulene 



Lak 



Lakat 



Lakt 



see root: Lek 
see root: Lek 
see root: Lek 



Indo-European 03 wld2:443 

Lakti, Ljakti-. stick, dub 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 WLD2:443; SYN:525; BRT:1236 



yaXSti, yaXStay : branch, twig 
thri-yaXStay : with three branches 



Sanskrit 03 wld2:443 



yastih : branch, stick 



Hindustani 03 hjb:510 



lathi : stick, club 



^\ 



English 03 kln:868 



lathi : stick, club 



271 



Lai | Laqalaqa 



Persian 03 BQT:1879; KLN:904 



~x 



Lah 



jy 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:1879; MON:3536 


' 




laleh : a red flower (tulip) *J^ 




alaleh : a red flower 4J Yf 




Onsorf iji <U 2 ^> e. J 3JI ^OJ&wi; j U ^> r j 3JI - r j** {j«*y* y% f" ) ^ *gXJ& jU ^> (-J <p 



Persian ffl BQT:1880; MON:3536 



lalak : red leather and shoes made from it ( iSJ j ) lSJ d 



W 



V* 



Persian 03 bqt:1880 



laleh-Sar : a red-headed ij/rd** Ker 1 jLi iM 

lalas : a red s//k fabric J^ 

Badr Jajsrmt ^J")( y A> J^j jL^S j*t j>& - loi y J*a9 Jl» <■ I) j> 19 _p O 



Arabic 

03 AFM:142; PLA241; TAD:66 



la I : red, a red stone, red ruby 



Persian 03 bqt:1879 



la I : red ruby, also used to describe lips Uj 

Hafez y[i ^y {jM^y k-J )' J3"* - *"^ OW ^""»* v y J-*J 



^ 



Hindustani 03 kln:904 



lal : red 

lal-Sarab : red imns t *"S.r.b 



English 03 kln:904 
loll Sharob : red wine 



Indo-European 03 IEC:663 



A 



L3nC| : to droop, be sad, sorrow 






Sanskrit 03 bqt:963 



rdjyate : to be in pain, 
disturbed 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:963 



ranz, ranj:pa/n, 

suffering 



Greek 03 IEC:663 



laggazo, laggeo : to droop 



Persian 


UJ MON:1676; IEC:663 






ranj : pain 


suffering ( Ji^ij , 


7f*>J ' J*? 3 J 


>gJj 


ranjand. 


an : to hurt ( ^Ifffij 


< 0-^W^j ) 


JJujoj 




i;T jL Ji ^6 4 


l)Ww ^O 


s-s-ji 


Hafez 


}j\ jL*i~o wj <o 


CrS' c^ 1 -^ 


JW> 







see root: 




Lap-aro 


1 


Lep 









Akkadian 03 akd:52 



~X 



Laqalaqa : flamingo, ■ 



W 



^ 



Arabic 03 MON:3616; AKD:52 



laqlaq : stork 

laqlaqeh : stork's cry 



Persian 03 bqt:1902 



laklak, laqlaq : stork ( vjjj , jljd ) u£l5J 

laqlaqeh : slang speech ( 4iUJ ) ijjjj 

Sanat ejjl j j^j>- j Jjw _p jl _ ajjlo 4&UU JJjji CiwJ> 



272 



Layh | Layh 



Semitic / Syriac 03 KLN:505; FVQ:66; VDQ:125 

Layh : to be high 
A. I . ll : to worship 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



^►l Hebrew 03 



^ 



KLN:505,510 



Eloh, Elohim, El: God 



w 



w 



English 03 kln:505,510 



Elohim, El: God 



Hebrew 03 KLN:138,505; AHD:94 



Babh-el : "gate to God", Babel, Babylonia^ N.b.b 
Gebher-el : "man of God" Gabriel^' J. b.r 
YTsma-el : "God hears", /shmae/^S.m.'a 
MTxa-el : "who is tike God ?", Michael 



Yisra-el : "soldier of God", Israel 
Azra'-el : "God has helped", Azrael 



Arabic 03 fvq 



-el, el : a suffix meaning 
"pertaining to God" 



tl 



Persian 03 FVQ; mon 






Latin 



I French 



Persian UJ mon 



Gabriel ,b»>& 



V* 



English 03 kln; ahd 



Babel, Babylonia, Gabriel, Ishmael, Michael, Israel, Azrael 



Hebrew 03 kln:1682 



U ri-el : "flame of God" or "my light is God" 



^ 



h 






' 






U re 1 1 : name of an angel l^j j a | 










fc 


English 03 kln:1682 
Uriel 







^ 



Hebrew 03 kln 



DanT-el : "God is my judge", Daniel^ Dtnu 
El-iyyah : "Lord is God", Elijah 
ImmanU-el : "God is with us", Immanuel 
Repha-el : "God has healed", Raphael^ R.f.a' 
Eli-Sebha : "God is an oath", Elizabeth 
SemU-el : "name of God", Samuel 



I Arabic 03 fvq 



W 



Persian 03 fva; mon 



Danyal : a prophet Jlota 

ElyaS : a prophet (/'Ul 

o j4-J 0i-3u ,'yvj d-w»^> j-LaXw 
"jV'j 



j^LJI 3 J-*&r JOji) 



^ I Latin 



French 



V k 



Persian UJ mon 






English 03 kln; ahd 



Elijah, Immanuel, Daniel, Raphael, Elizabeth, Samuel 



W 



Hebrew 03 kln; ahd 



Beth-el : 'house of God; Bethel^ B.y.t 
Y6-el : 'Lord is God'.Joel 
El-ISa : God is salvation 
Nethan-el : God has given, God given 



Latin 



English 03 kln; ahd 

Bethel 
Joel 
Elisha 
Nathaniel 



273 



Layh | Leb 

Semitic / Syriac 03 KLN:505; FVQ:66; VDQ:125 

Layh : to be high 
A. I . ll : to worship 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



v* 



Arabic 

03 KLN:505; FVQ:33 



Al-lah, Allah : (he God 

A.l.h:God 
I, 



Persian UJ fva:33 



Allah : God 






>— English 03kln:51;AHD 



^ 



Allah 



Semitic 03 BQT:1886; KFL:430 



~x 



L.b.n: 



^ I Arabic 03 bqt: 



308; KLN:164,875 



laban, l.b.n -.milk 

luban : the white resih of sandalwood 
luban jaw? : the resin of Java (Sumatra) 



h 


Persian ffl fva:363 


' 




labanTyyat : dairy products otxJ 



w 



Spanish 



loben jui, benjui : balsamic r 



French 03ahd:124 



benjoin 



I 



Persian 03 bqt:308 



benzTn : gasolin 



&■>>■ 



^ 



English 03 AHD:124; OEW:61 



benzoin, benzene 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:655 

Leb : up 



A 



Iranian 

03 BQT: 1885 



lap : lip 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:3551 



lab : up 



Persian 03 HRN:212; MON:3551 



lab : lip, also side or edge of anything 



J 






W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 
lep : lip 



English 
NP 



274 



Legwh | Lei 



Indo-European 03 pok:660 



~X 



Legwh : tight 



in weight, quick ih movement 



Persian 03 IEC:700, MON:3530 



lagar : lean £j 






Avestan 03 pok:660 



ragu, rav\: quick 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 525 



lihtjaZ://gW/n weight 



English 03 ahd 



light 2 



Latin 03ahd:1525 



leviS:of/oivive/gW 

levar : im 

Cami-levare : reduce weight, a feast before fasting^ Sek 



English 03 ahd 



leaven, lever, alleviate, 
carnival, elevate, relieve 



W 



^ 



French 



carnaval 



Persian 03vop:269 



kamaval : carnival 



Jljbjtf 



Indo-European 03 pok:662; ieC:706 



~X 



Lei, Loi 



: slime, sticky 






Sanskrit 03 IEC:706 



layah : adherence 



Persian 03 IEC:706 



lay : mud, sediment ( J}j£l , tji J J? ) tji 



Old English 03 ahd:1216 



Slim: mud 



English 03 ahd 



slime 



Latin 03 pok:662 



limere : to smear 
ITmUS : slime 



Lei 



see root: El 3 



275 



Leig | Leigh 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:667 
LGig : to leap, jump 



~~\ 



h 


h 


Persian ffl POK:667; MON:86; 


BQT:59 






' 






alTzTdan : to jump around 

allZ : a "jumping" horse 
Saraj-ed-Dm S'j-S\ y* j$i 


Wl 'j^Jftj 


_ *> yvttM^ 





w 

^ 



Germanic 03 pok:667 



laik 



to jump 



English 



lark : a carefree i 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:668 



Leigh 1 : 



Avestan 

03 POK:668; KLN:886; SYN:267 



leis, raez, reh:to//t* 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:348 



rys : to lick 






Germanic 03 ahd 



likkon : to lick 



A 



Persian UJ BQT:1895; HRN:212; FFD:76 



ITsTdan : to nek 

ITstan : to nek ( ^^ ) ji&jj 

j-mJ <^>0 *-~-Xj <CJj yJ )o (j&r - {j\ £$# J ^)U ) V CJU^I JJJviJ 



English 



lick 



27! 



Leigh 2 | Leikw 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:669 



~X 



Leigh 2, Le\k\N. to leave 



Avestan 03 POK:669; FFD:72; SOD:11 



raexnah, raix, raik, raic, raec 2: to leave 
rext, rez, haek 1 : to pour 

paiti-raec : avoid, feawj^Psr 3 
Vl-raeC : leave away, run away ^^Wi 



I, 



4-Pahlavi 

03 BQT; HRN:141,203; FVQ:46; SNS:115 



Ab 1 



rextan : to pour 

ap-reX: water pot, kettle c ' 
V-rextan : run away 

par-hextan, pahrezisn : to avoid 



Persian 03 POK:669; BQT; AEF:373 



rixtan : to pour ( ^J\ ,J>^j , ^J > Cr*iJ 
gorixtan -.tofiee (j>J>) 'r*°J> 

parhixtan : to avoid ( \j, j ) yAJt j 



Wl 



Arabic 03 FVQ:46 



Persian 03 mon:125 



ebriC| : a water or wine container 



&J& 



J i3iH' J*^**) cf t - J "r - 'J iS^y s? •4.} 9 '*! / 






Latin 03ahd 


liquere : to be liquid 




Germanic 


03AHD 




Germanic 


03AHD 


-NT: leftover 



English 



liquid, liquor 



English 



lend, loan 



English 



eleven, twelve 



Greek 03ahd:413 



ek-leipein : to leave out 
ek-leipsiS: cessation (of light) 



Arabic 03 tad:63 



kosiif, XOSUf : 

eclipse 



Persian 03 mon:2975 



koSLjf: eclipse ( 3awJ>- ) 3aw0 



W 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:413 



eclipsis 



English 03ahd:413 
eclipse 



Leikw 



see root: Leigh 2 



277 



^ 



Leip I Lek 

Indo-European 03 pok:670 



~X 



LGI p : to smear with oil, 
cover, preserve 



Sanskrit ffl bqt:991 



rep : to deceive 
pra-rep : cover, deceive 



Persian UJ HRN:142,184; MON:1707 


farib : deceit, trick 


( «JJ>*jy i wy ) V"iy 


fariftan : to deceive 


< Jhij < £>htf.J> > CrV 


riV : deceit 


< 'fJ > fJ 


Sa df o_Jj> o^> 'JU*w£j ^)lw^ (^Lx) 


- 3i) 3 O^ .3 .£" tf) jl jV) ^ 



^-» [Germanic C3 AHD; KLN:874,887,899~ 

^ 



English 



life, live, liver 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:672 
Leith : to go forth, die 



A 



Avestan 03 POK:672; WLD:401; ETM:66 



raeth, ris 1, rith:tot*e 
iris-ta, ris-ta:dead 



I, 



(•Pahlavi 03 NYB:170; HRN:103 



rist : dead 

rist-axez : rising dead^Swig 



Persian UJ BQT:948; HRN:136; NYB:170 



rastaxTz : rising of the dead ( 'yj£»j j ) \*>U*u) 

ji> jsr*" 3 jy y y? l y^ 3 - yj*~*j ^ J3/' Cr" Cr? ** 



Ferdowsf 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



laipjan : to lead 
laido : way 



English 



lead, load 



Indo-European 03 pok:673; oew:217 



~X 



LGK : to leap, fly, kick 






Old Iranian 03 ah m : 1 82 



lakata, rakata : lot* 



Persian 03 AHM:182; MON:3620 



lagad : kick 



< jjJ ) £\ 



Greek 03 OEW:217; POK:673 



lagadon : a leap, kick 



English 03 0EW:217 



leg 



Latin 03 0EW:217 



loCUSta, lacertilia : leaping animals 



English 03 ahd; kln 



locust, lobster, lizard, alligator 



27S 



Lek Lesiom 



Indo-European 03 POK:674; IEC:660,661 

Lik, Lak:to(ear 
LaKt, L3K31 : rag, scrap 



~~\ 



h 






Persian UJ IEC:661; MON:3563,3573 


' 








laxt : scrap, piece, rag 

Ferdowst iyi cJv ^l "ji jl ,V"3J ^<4> 

See "Letro" for another possible root. 


( cJ ) G*xl 


► 


Armenian 03 IEC:661 






lat : cloth, rag 






Latin 03ahd:1526 



lacer : torn 



English 03 ahd 



lacerate 



Greek 03 IEC:660 



lakiS:r 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:661 



laktakah : r 



Leng 



Lengho 



see root: Longos 
see root: Longos 



Indo-European 03 IEC:680; POK:678; AHD:1526 



Lep : to peel 
LepOS : flap, skin 
Lap-arO : soft, friendly 



h 




fc. 


Persian 03 IEC:680; MON:3518,3530 










laf : using soft and friendly words, bragging *J5^j 
labeh : flattery iS$ 
Nezami ^jl jJjLa ijj ^j£ ailjji - ^IjS <J\4> Jj5y« <Wj ^l ji 


► 


Latin 03 IEC:680 






lepos : wit 



w 

^ 



Greek 03ahd:1526 



laparos : soft 



English 03 ahd 



laparotomy : surgical incision into abdominal wall 



Lepos 



see root: Lep 



Indo-European 03 IEC:680 



Les, Lesa, Lesos, Lesiom P 



<ace, space, area 






Old High German 03 IEC:680 



gi-lafi : room, dwelling 



Persian UJ IEC:680; MON:3522 



lax : a suffix meaning place of m % _ 



Lesa 



Lesiom 



see root: Les 
see root: Les 



275 



Lesos Leu 



Lesos 



Letra 



see root: Les 
see root: Letro 



A 



Indo-European 03 pok:681; ieC:681 



Letro, Letros, Letra : skim. 



; strip, piece 



Persian UJ IEC:681; MON:3563 



latreh : fragment, piece (of cloth) 

Nezam Qart eij>-ljjl {fy^oi /, jJai >iw> iSjjj - 

See "Lek" for another possible root. 






w 
^ 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 526 



lethram : leather 



English 03 ahd 



leather 



Letros 



see root. 



Letro 



W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:26 



Indo-European 03 pok:681 



LeU, LU : to smear, make dirty 



m, raU: to be dirty 

a-ru-ta, a-raw, aya : dirty 



^ 



Pahlavi 

ffl BQT:58,358; HRN:10,62; HUB:8,36 



a-lutan : to make dirty^ Apo 

palutan (pat-lutan):fo mer, 

protect against dirt ^ Pa 
HUB:36 does not agree with the link 
between "aludan" and "paludan". 



^ 



Greek 03ahd:364 



dia-luein : to loosen apart 
dia-lusis : filtering^ Dwo 



French 



L 



Persian UJ AEF:340; FFD:26 



aludan : to make dirty ( tj{\ ) £p J I 

paludan : to clean ( ' AxJl) ) \} A[> 

palayes : cleaning pSi[> 

paludeh : cleaned, a dessert 0.S Jl£ < 0^ Jl) 

paluneh : filter, pot used for cleaning &jA u 

palan : a straw-filled saddle 'N\) 



V 

^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



lutum : dirt 
polluere : to pollute 



h 


Persian 

diyallZ : dialysis \Jlo 





English 03 ahd:364 
dialyze, dialysis 



English 



pollution 



280 



Leudh Leudh 



~X 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:684; KLN:885; SYN:874; VDQ:39 

Leudh, Rei:; groiv 



Avestan 

03 KLN:885; SYN:874 



raod 1 , raoda, raodha : 

growth, face 



Persian 03 bqt:944 



ruy-Tdan : to grow 

riiy 1 : face 






w 



Persian ffl BQT:944; FSF:199 



raz : garden, vineyard, vine 



< tf JJ < iAijj ) 



^5 



33 3 0^ kp 3 -^ - ./ ^ p-* p^j J jw) j? 



jj 



W 



Arabic 03 pla:138 



raUZa : garden 

AFM:75 derives this from Persian "rfxtan: to pour"; 
see "Leigh 2". VDQ:226 derives it from Pahlavi 
"rot: river"; see "Ser 1". 



L 



Persian ffl mon 



TOWZeh : garden ( ^Uj ) Cp^j 

l*J;Jj (*■&■> "^3J Ol<p* O V CUwJ ^l (wj-w)ifll 



w 



Persian 






Arabic 03 afm:74 



raonaq : beauty, 
splendor 



Persian 03 mon:1694 



rOWnaq : growth, 
success 



&3J 






Pahlavi 03 mon:1689 



rOStak : village 



Persian UJ IEC:1103; MON:1689 



rUSta : village ( LjLu; j ) Ly j 



Avestan 03 KLN:885; SYN:874 



raodha-taxma : grown strong, 
name of a legendary nero^^Tenk 



h 


Persian ffl bqt 






Rostam : a legendary hero (t ^ i % 



Avestan 03 VDQ:39; MAG:186 



hava -rd : well grown, well built, beautiful^ Su 1 



Pahlavi 

03 MAG:186; VDQ:39 



hu-rUSt:we//DU//(, 
beautiful^" Su 1 



Arabic 

03 VDQ:39; MAG:186 



huf: houries 
of paradise 



W 



Persian ffl mon:1378 



hur 1 : a heavenly woman **p 



Sogdian 03 S0D:344 



fwd : to grow 



W 



Indo-European 03 kln:885 



leLldhO: leoie 

leudherossee 



t 



Latin 



liber: free 



English 



liberty, deliver, Latvia 



281 



leudheros Leuk 



leudheros 



leudho 



see root: Leudh 
see root: Leudh 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:687; knt:205 



A 



Leuk, Leuqos : //g/it bright 



Avestan 

03 HRN:23,136,140; SYN:470,991; BQT:31 



raocah : light 

raoc-xsaema, raoxsna : bright 

//g/jf ** Kssi 2 
a-raXSa : bright 

aiwi-raocya : light up®"Amt>hi 



► — 


Persian UJ BQT:97,147,976; FSF:176 




™ Z:da y <tJ?'^J3?' ti J3j'> J3J 




rOSan : bright 'j&SJ 




raXS : bright(ness), white (^ jjj} ,JSj}) JSj 




AaraS : "bright", a male name ^ j I 




afrUXtan : to kindle lT**3^ 




jii^j ^i )ia_w ^j— * 3 *^ Ov?" 




Ferdowst ' J^)^ lA**.)-? 3 lA"""* iA~^.P 



w 



Arabic 03 AFM:72; PLA:135 



rezq : daily food 
Derived from Persian "ruz". 



W | Sogdian 03 SOD:146,345 



^ 



dwk' : world 
rWXSn : bright, light 



W 



W 



Old Persian 03 knt:205 



raucah : day 



Latin 03ahd 



ICistrare : to make bright, purify 



French 



^ 



W 
^ 



Latin 03ahd 



lumen, lux://gw 

luna : moon 



Germanic 03 ahd 



liuhtam 



Persian 03 mon 



rezq : daily bread \ \ * 

3jlj > d'jj > i3'jj' 



h 


Persian ffl mon:3650 


' 




ICJStr : chandelier il*J 



English 03 ahd:776 
luster, illustrate 



English 



illuminate, lunar 



English 03 ahd 



light 1, lightning, lighting 



282 



Leup | Limu 



Indo-European 03 pok:690 
LeUp : to break, peel off 



~~\ 



W 



W 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 FFD:55 



rup,rupa:torofi 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:135 



r6p 1 : to rob 
kah-rupati : amber 
** Kuatos 



Persian 03 bqt:938 



robudan : to steal ( ^J.jljj ) ^}yj 

-roba : attracting \^j£ , Ij^T , \j'j _ 



Sanskrit 03 HRN:135; POK:690 



I6p : to rob 
I6tan : booty 



Germanic 03 ahd 



A group of words meaning bark peeled off trees, 
roofs made of bark, roof or top of a high place 



^ I Latin 



^ 



English 03 kln:905 



loot 



English 



leaf, lodge, loft 



English 



lobby 



Leuqos 



Liginnu 



Ligittu 



see root: Leuk 
see root: Lignu 
see root: Lignu 



Akkadian 03 akd:21; bqt:1904 



LignU, LiginnU, LigittU : a pot for measuring wheat 



w 



Aramaic 03 akd:21; bqt:1904 



laqna, lakan, lagina:** 



I 



Arabic 03 bqt:1904 



laqan : tub, basin 



^ 



Greek 03 bqt:1904 



lekane: 



~X 



h 


Persian ffl mon:3621 


' 




lagan : tub . Jj 



Limu 



see root: NTmbu 



283 



Lithra | Longos 



^ 



Indo-European 03ahd:1527 



~X 



LltrirB : a scale, balance 
This is most likely a Mediterranean word 



Greek 

03 AHD:762; KLN:896 



litra : a unit of weight, 
also a unit of 
liquid measure 



Middle Latin 

03 AHD:762; KLN:896 



litra : a liquid measure 



French 
03 AHD:762 



litre 



Persian UJvop:318 



ITtr : liter 



j*v 



^ 



English 03 ahd:762 



litre, liter 



V* 



Arabic B3vgh:65 



ITtr : liter 

rati : a large liquid 

container 
"rati" is a distorted form of "ITtr" 



► — 


Persian UJ MON:1660; VGH:65 




ITtr : liter 


jW 




rati : a large cup of wine 


<>J 




Vfs-o-Ramfn 


jl J* <0 jji\i I j Gjl<pW> Jji 



v* 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:349 



Libra : balance, Roman pound 
De-ITberare : to weight well, pondei 



English 03 KLN:886; AHD:349 



Libra, deliberate, equilibrium 



Ljakti 


k 


Loi 


— [ 


Loik 


~~i 


Long 


~~i 



see root: Lakti 

see root: Lei 

see root: Uroiks 

see root: Longos 



Indo-European 03 IEC:678,709 



LOngOS, LenghO, Leng, Long ://mp, lame, bent, also a low land, I 



<+ 

L 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:709 



langah : lame 



Persian 03 


IEC:678,709 












lang 

Hafez 


lame 


ji \-°A 3 


«bj_S \-a 


imuWi/ 


■ j\p o~i 


Jj^J 





Greek 03 IEC:709 
loggOS : grove 



284 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1640 
Lrg : to tremble 






Old Iranian 

03 FFD:75 



RarZ : to shake, 
shiver 



Pahlavi 

03 FFD:75; BQT:1894 



rrz, \arZ: shiver 



Middle German 03 I EC: 1640 



lurken, Ireken : shiver 



Lrg | Lup 



~X 



Persian 03 BQT:1894; FFD:75 



larzidan : to shiver ( ^Jj\jj) ^>l>jj 

larzesh : shiver <ojJ C^j - >))) J-jJ 

Saab j> jjLuO JU-«0 J (')/** f^-Z*-*?, )' & 



Lu 



Lup 



see root: Leu 
see root: Wei 2 



285 



Ma Ma 



M 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:694; PRT:386,863; SYN:103 



A 



Mel : breast 

Mci-ter : feeder (of the family), mofter^Ter 3 
This has probably started as a nursery word and 
became a usual term in the Indo-European languages. 



Avestan 03 POK:694; SKT:336 



matar : mother 



w 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:1933; SNS:237 



matar : mother 
matak : female 

madiyanag, mayag: 



W 
W 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln 



mothar 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:948 



mamma : breast 
mater : mother 
matrix : pregnant animal, womb 
materies, materia : tree's source of growth, 
trunk, also hard wood, material 






Greek 03 ahd 



meter : mother, main, central 



Persian 

03 BQT:1933,1946,1964; HRN:213; MON:3716; SNS:237 



madar : mother ( UU < fU ) pU 

madeh:fema/e ( ^LS'U^loU^DiU ) OiU 

mayeh : origin, originality, essence, value ej\/i 

Haft Paykar 



English 



mother 



French 



Persian 03 mon:3679,3716 



<Uj» I 



■>UU 



English 03 ahd 



mammal, maternal, maternity, 
matrimony, matrix, matter, material 



English 



metro, metropolitan 



Mad | Maga 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:694 
Mad : wet, also food 



~~\ 



Avestan ffl POK:694; SYN:184 



masya 1 ;fe/7 

mada : having too much liquid, drunk 
mad : a water bird, mina 



Persian 03 BQT:1961,2007; FRS:137 


man? 


fish 






^ 


mast 


drunk 






GW> 


mag : a black water bird, mina 

CwjJww t»5y* )^ v 1 J"^ f 

Rudakt 


-jJ&f- 


>yi y <6 








Sanskrit / Armenian 03 pok:694 



mastu, maccum: yogurt, 



sour cream 



Persian 03 HRN:215; POK:694; BQT:1941 



mast : yogurt 



( {jJ**»\a ) C-w«lfl 



Sanskrit 03ahd:867 



madati : a water bird, r 



Hindustani 



mama : mina 



English 



mina, myna : a bird 



Germanic 03 ahd 



English 



meat, mate 1 : 



^ 



Latin ffl POK:694; AHD:805 



mattUS : drunk, not sober, dull 
FSD:1526 derives Latin "mattus: drunk" 
from Persian "mat: confused" which is 
borrowed from Arabic. See "M.v.tto die". 



► French 



English ffl AHD:805 



mat, matte : dull, also picture frame 
KLN:946 derives these words from 
a Semitic root. See root "M.v.t". 



Avestan / Old Persian ffl hrn:227; hub:100 



Madhaxa, Mazaxa -.grasshopper 

MaCllKa : grasshopper 
Page 18 in the introduction of BQT indicates that all these words 
are from a Sogdian root and cognate with Armenian "marax". 



W 



Pahlavi 03 HRN:222,227; BQT:2031 



madhax, mazax, matax : grasshopper 

maig : a kind of grasshopper, shrimp 



^ 



Persian 03 HRN:222,227; BQT:2031; MON:4503 



malax : grasshopper 
mayg : shrimp 



( q\*A ) Ow 



Madika 



see root: Madhaxa 



Avestan 03 HRN:221; MPP:85 



Maga 



: hole, recess 



V* 



^ 



Persian UJ BQT:2021; MPP:85; FRS:145 



mag : hole, a place dug in ground Owl < OUj° < xja 



287 



Maghl | Maghl 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:695 
Maghl : might, power 



~~\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:695; ahd; kln:923 



magus, maeg, megan.moghu -. zoroastrian priest 

magUS : magician 






Pahlavi 03 MON:4248,4421 



magU : Zoroastrian priest 
magu-pat : head priest^ Per 3 



Persian 03 mon 



mog : Zoroastrian priest ('u)u 

mobad, mobed: head priesf J^jyi 



Arabic 03 VDQ:374 



majUS : Zoroastrian 



Persian UJ mon:3884 



majUS : Zoroastrian 



iffi* 



Greek 



magos 



Latin 



magus 



French 



English 



magic 



W 

L 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln 



mag, mahthf 



^ 



Greek 

03 KLN:919; AHD:780 



mexana, maxana, 

meXOS : means 

maxanikon : a war 

machine 



W 



Latin 



macina : engine 



I 



English 



main, might, may 



Persian 03 BQT:2039; FSF:311; AFM:164; MON:4384 



manjanTk : mangonel 
Ferdowsf 



AHD:793 and KLN:933 derive the English "mangonel" from the Greek word 
"manganon:charm" which is from Indo-European root "Meng:to beautify". 



French 



Persian 03 mon:3701,4312 



(" }«5\Afl < kXilXfl < ,y>«&w 



English 



machine, mechanic 



Magh 2 | MagsTsa 



Indo-European 03 pok:697 

Magh 2 -.to tight 



~X 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:697; ahd:1541 



ha-mazan : the warrior®" So 



w 



Greek 

03 AHD:40,1541; PRT:14 



amaZOn : woman warrior 
KLN:59 derives this 
from Hebrew. 



► I Latin 



French 



Persian 03 MON5:58 



amaZOn : warrior 



^ 



English 03 AHD:40,1541 



Amazon 1 : 



woman warrior 



Spanish 03 kln:59 



AmaZOnaS : referred to a tribe in South 
America - a Spanish explorer found 
their women helping men in battle. 



I French 



Persian UJ MON5:58 



r ^UT 



name of a river 



uj 



^ 



^ 



English 03 kln:59 



Amazon 2 : name of a river 



Indo-European 03 pok:696 

MagPlOS: young 
MagnU : boy, unmarried 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 POK:696; KLN:924 



magava : unmarried 



Germanic 03 ahd 



magadi: young girl 



English 



maid, maiden 



Maghu 



see root: Maghos 



Aramaic 03 mon:4036 



~X 



MagsTsa : ■ 



W 



Persian 03 SKT:314; KLN:937; BQT:1938; MON:4036 



marqaSISa : an iron mineral (ore) 






y 



W 



^ 



Arabic 

03 KLN:937 



marqasitha 



Spanish 
03 KLN:937 



marcaxita 



Middle Latin 

03 KLN:937 



marchasita 



French 
03 KLN:937 



marcassite 



English 
03 KLN:937 



marcasite 



Mak Mana 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:699 



~X 



MaK : long, thin, slender 
This root may be related to "Meg: great" 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:699; KNT:201; SYN:880 



mas : long 
masah : length, size 
mas-ya 2 : longer^ Yah 5 
mas-yah : greater 1 ^ Yah 5 
mas-ista : longest^ Isto 
math-ista : the supreme 
Compare with root "Meg: great". 



Persian UJ HRN:224; BQT:2002,2058 



meh 2 : great 

mehast : greatest 

mezna : balance, scale \j 'ya 

Ferdowsf 

"mezna" was not found in MON. Also see Root "Meg: great" 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



makrOS : long 

makedonios : tall ones, people from the highlanders 
(an area north of Greece), Macedonia 



Persian 03 MON5:2007 



MaqdunTyyeh : Macedonia 



O^J^xLa 



W I Latin 

L 



English 



Macedonia 



English 



macro-, macron 



W 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



macer : thin 



English 



meager 



Indo-European 03 pok:699 



A 



MakO : house fly 






Avestan 03 POK:699; SYN:193 



maXSI : house fly 
SYN:193 claims an imitative 
origin {Indo-European "Mu", "Mus") 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:221; SNS:238; ISS:278 



maXS : house fly 

makas, magas:f/y 



Persian 

03 BQT:2029; HRN:221 



magas : house fly 



<A* 



Sogdian 03 ISS:278 



mwgsk : house fly 



Sumerian 03 akd:20,21; kln:982 



~X 



Mdnd : an ancient unit of weight 



W 



Akkadian 
03 AKD:20,21 



mar\U : unit of weight 



Sanskrit 
03 KLN:949 



W 



Greek 



Latin 



^ 



Persian ffl bqt:2035 


man 2 : a unit of weight equal to 3 kilograms 


V 










English ffl AHD:834; KLN:982 




mina, mine : old units of weight and money 



290 



Mantellum Masakah 



^ 



Latin 03 SYN:417; KLN:932 



"~X 



MantellUm : cloak, towel 

Mantih «.A 



Arabic 03 kln:932 



mandTI 



turban, napkin 



Persian UJ mon:4389 



mandTI : napkin, turban 



<yj* ji 



w 



French 03 kln:934 



manteau : cloak 





English 03 kln:932 






mandil : turban 






Persian 03 mon:3718 


mantO : manteau «ljU 



^ 



English 



manteau 



Mantil 



Manu 



Manus 



see root: Mantellum 
see root : Men 1 
see root : Men 1 



Avestan 03 bqt:1990 






~X 



Marega: 



EAV:866 indicates that this word is related 
to the Greek word "amorphous: shepherd". 



** Persian ffl BQT:1990; MON:4019 



W 
^ 



Sogdian B3sod:216 



mrg : meadow 



marg : grass, a kind of fast growing weed 
margzar : meadow^ Kwel 






j* y° )£ 3 3y O CUm*> -«jb - jUJj yfyi\ (JjJJc> Jl<j_ wW 



W 



Sanskrit 03 kln:1018 



Masakah 



: animal skin used for carrying water 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:2014 



mask : leather 



h 


Persian 03 MON:4147; BQT:2014 






mask : animal skin for carrying water ' \SJ& 

masklJ : (royal) tent V £j& 
Fsrdowst aUw <_X_ &o j j_w jj r b Ju - «U (J oSjli <U Xo I j£ ^U»i3 



v* 

L 



Hindustani 03 kln:1018 



masak : animal skin for carrying water 



English 03 kln:1018 



mUSSUCk, mUSSUk : animal skin for carrying water 



291 



Masgda | Me 1 



W 



Aramaic 03 KLN:1007; VDQ:379 



~x 



Masgda :p/ace of 



worship 



Arabic ffl kln:1007 



masjed : mosque 
S.J.d : to prostrate, 

pray to God 
FVF:638 claims that 
Arabic "masjed" is 
from Persian "mazget" 



h 


Persian ffl fva:185 


' 




SOJLJd '.prostration ( qXpw ) JloPuw 




SajSCl : one who prays to God ( oJll?uw i Jllpuw ) J^Lw 




masjed : place of prayers, mosque ,Xp*wi 




Cw> A% j jLiij ^> Ji jU i-Jli? j«S <w& 




Hafez C-_iUJ ^> Jj*_W> 4% CU*JL1p ^CU* b" <W& 



w 



Spanish 03 kln:1007 



mesquita : mosque 



Italian 



moschea 



French 03 kln:1007 



mOSquee : mosque 



English 

03 KLN:1007 



mosque 



V* 



^ 



Persian 03 BQT:2001; FVF:638; MON:4063 



mazget : mosque 
Asadt JJ^ J* 






Massa 



Ma-ter 



Mazaxa 



Mbh 



Mbhi 



see root: M.s.s 

see root: Ma 

see root: Madhaxa 

see root: Nobh 

see root: Ambhi 



Indo-European 03 pok:703; knt:210 



~X 



Me1: 






Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:703; KNT:201 



ma 2 : no, not 
ma-tya : that not, lest 



Persian 03 mon:3677 



ma- : a prefix negating verbs ( ^ wo < JXfl < q y° ) - (* 

Qabfaht ;>UI,pU jjj iSAJJ^ J-> )' j»»> _ iuLojO JS i!)^'}? '-"'/' )' lW 



Sanskrit 03 pok:703 



Greek 03 pok:703 



292 



Me 2 I Me 2 



^ 



Indo-European ffl pok:703, 731 



M© £ : to measure 

MGnOt : moon used to measure time 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:703,731; SYN:54,877,1010 



ma 1 : to measure 

mah, mahya : moon, also month 

mah-tab : moonshine^ Tap 



Persian UJ POK:731; BQT:1956,1958; SNS:37,113 



marl : moon, also month 
mahtab : moonshine 






w 



v* 



Old Persian 03 knt:201 



f ra-ma-na : to measure beforehand, decide, order^^ Per 1 
a-ma : extend 



Persian 03 BQT:1470; FFD:66 



farman: order iA".^ 



Avestan 03 HRN:80,233; BQT:37; FFD:25 



paiti-ma : measure ®" Per 3 
aiz-ma, UZ-ma-ta : measure, test 
ni-ma : measure down, display Ni 1 



Persian UJ 


BQT:37,448,2171 




paymudan 


: to measure, walk 


&3~A 








azmudan : 


o test 


<0yj' 


< j4*$ > 0->yj" 


nomudan: 


o show 




CPy^ 






oJJol*j i 


)OmJ ^iJ-wJmjJ j MjJ 



V 



Greek 03ahd 



metron : measure 

dia-metrOS : (tine) that measures across, 
diameter Dwo 



French 03 ahd:865 



metre 



^l 

H 
^ 



Latin 



Germanic 03 ahd ►- 



Persian UJ mon:3800 



metr 



f* 



English 03 ahd 



meter, diameter, geometry 



English 



measure, dimension, semester 



English 



meal, moon, month, Monday 



293 



Me 2 Medhu 



Indo-European ffl pok:703, 731 



Me £ : to measure 

Me nOt : moon used to measure time 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



v* 



Indo-European 03 pok:705 



Med 



to take appropriate measures, to cure 



Avestan ffl POK:705; SYN:307 



vi-mad : care giver, physician ^ Wi 



Avestan / Old Persian ffl pok:705 



W | Latin CJahd \ >- 



Pahlavi 



Vimar:pa(/en( 



Persian 03 BQT:340; HRN:59 



bTmar : patient 



)Ufc*J 



azda : indicator, hint, t 



English 



medicine, remedy, moderate 



Latin 03ahd 



modus : size 



I 



French 



Persian 03 mon 



"^ ' 0j"^° ' ^"^° 



English 



mode, model, modern, modest, module, turmoil, mold, mood, commode 



^+- 1 Germanic 



^ 



English 



must 1 : have to 

empty 



Med 



see root: Me 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:707 
MedhU : honey 



Avestan 03 pok:707 



madhu : honey 

madha : wine 



Persian 03 BQT:2071; HRN:225 ;SYN:389 



may : wine j 

mol : wine Afl 

Onsort J> y jj jj iSi ^j> ajjjj j3 _ JjO J*J ^JjJJI fu» ^j) <*■! 
For another possible root of "mol" see Mer 2 



V 



Sogdian 03 SOD:220 



mwd: 



Greek 03ahd:1524 



methu : 



French 03ahd:826 ►- 



English 



methylene 



294 



Indo-European 



Medhyo:m/ddfe 






Avestan 03 KLN:954; HRN:225 



maidyana : middle 



Pahlavi 



Sogdian 03 S0D:223 



myd'n:m/ddfe 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln 



midja : middle 



Latin 03 ahd 



medius : middle 

medi-terraneous : in land sea Q 

I, 



French 



^ 



English 



Medhyo | Meg 



~X 



h 


Persian 

miyan : middle \\*ji 





English 



middle 



Persian UJ mon:3974 



<GljljJu» < ("»jJj 



immediate, median, medium, mean 1 
Mediterranean 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:708; kln:958 



Meg, Megh: great 

This root may be related to "Mak:long, slender" 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:708; KLN:958; SYN:878 



maz, mazant: great 

maz-yah, mathi-yah:greafer®"Yah5 

maz-ista : greatest^ Isto 
mazah, mazan : size, greatness 
Compare with the AV/OPR word 
from Root "Mak: long" 



Sanskrit 03 ahd 



maha : greaf 

maha-raja : great king cr R 

^ I Hindustani !► 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



mikila 



Latin 03 ahd 



maXimUS : greafesf 



I French 



English 



Pahlavi 



meh : greaf 



h 


Persian 

03 HRN:224; BQT:2002,2058 






meh 2 : greaf 


' <U 




mehast : greatest 


C-WA^ 




mezna : balance, scale 


^Ji 




"mezna" was not found in MON. 




See Mak for another possible 


root. 



h 


Persian ffl mon:4458 


' 




maharajeh : great king (of India) 4?>IjIa* 



English 03 ahd 



maharajah, mahatma 



English 



much, more 



Persian UJ mon 



-^l 



magnitude, majesty, major, magnum, master, maximum, May, mayor 



W 

^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



megas : greaf 



English 



omega, mega- 



295 



Megh | Mei 2 



Megh 



see root: Meg 



^ 



Indo-European 03 P0K:71 1 
Mei 1 : so*, mild 



Avestan 

03 POK:712; MON:4494 



mayazda : a special meal 
of Zoroastrians, guests 
guests invited to a meal 






Latin 03ahd:1528 



mitis : soft 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:2076; VDQ:370 



mayazd, maz: feast 



W 



Arabic 

03 AFM:148; VDQ:370 



ma' da : food, food table 



Persian UJ BQT:2076; MON:4494 



mayazd : feast gues(s }'yji 

mizban : host^ Pa {jk.W' 



Persian 03 mon:3674 



maedeh:fcod <oJt>U) oJjU 



English 



mitigate : soften, moderate 



Indo-European 03 pok:709 



Mei 2 



: to fix, build, fence 






Old Persian 03 BQT:2073; KNT:202 



maixa : nail 

may UXa : door knob 



Latin 03ahd 



muni re: to fortify 



^\ 



Persian 03 pok:709 



miX:na// m^ja 

mixak : carnation l$*W> 



English 



ammunition 



Mei 3 I Mei 4 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:710,713,715; AHD:1528 

Mei 3, Meih; g 

MGIC|W : to move, change 
Moiri: common 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:710,715; KLN:953 



maeni -.punishment 
mitho : false 
mithwara: pa/red 

mithahya : evil 



Latin 03 kln:1767 



se-mitita:paft 



Arabic 03 kln:1767 



Samt : way, path, direction 
aS-SUmut : directions 



Persian 03 mon:1919 



Samt : path, direction 



Wl 



French 



English 03 kln:1767 



zenith, azimuth 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



Communis : common 

migare : change one's place of living 



French 03 ahd 



communisme 



Persian 03 MON6:1603 



r^yS.^yS 



English 03 ahd 



communism, communist 
common, communicate 



V» 



English 03 ahd 



migrate, immigration 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



ga-maid-az : changed for worse (mad) 
miSSa : in a changed manner, wrongly 
gamainiz : common, ordinary, low value (mean) 



English 03 ahd 



mad 

mis-, mistake, misfortune 

mean 2 : inferior 



Indo-European 03 pok:710 
Mei 4 : to bind, tie 



^\ 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian ffl pok:710; knt:203 



mithra : bond, friendship, kindness, angel of light guarding the truth. 



Persian LLI BQT:2060; MON5:2056; KNT:203 


mehr : angel of light, sun, a month in the Persian calendar 


j*i 




IjV < >\>jV > 0«t*" < oW 


Mas' Cid Sa'd Salman ^Uj4_fl ji> j4_fl jOJ (jjl l\jb s£A - 


$.}¥ £ j* Cr*3 j+» <>\* .3 j+» J3J 



w 



^ 



Greek 03 KLN:989; AHD:841 



mithraS:Godof//gW 



Latin 



English 



Mithras: God of light 



297 



Meig | Meik 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:712-714; ahd 



~X 



Meig, Meik:;,™ 

Meigh 1 :to sprinkle, urinate 
Meigh 2 : to blink, cover, darken 



Avestan 03 POK:714; BQT:1835 



minasti : to mix, mixed 

vi-maik, vi-minasti : to mix®" wi 



h 


Persian 03 hrn:12 


' 




amiXtan : to mix ( Ji^jil ) y3w«T 

gomTxtan : to mix up •,Ixm>£ 



Avestan 

03 POK:713; BQT:62; SYN:273 



maez : urine 



Sogdian 03 S0D:227 



myz y : urine 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:1 835,2073; MON:4493 


' 




m IZ : urine 'yj& 




ITlTxtan : to urinate yA*A 




Vmw i ol j \*a 




Sanaf JJoJ ^Jb *£ J j J . CUwl ^l jU (J?L> ^> Jji (Vy^S 



w 



Avestan 

03 POK:712; BQT:2079 



maega : cloud 



Pahlavi 
03 ISS:285 



mig -.cloud 



Persian 03 HRN:226; ISS:285 



mig -.cloud 

meh 1 : tog 



c** 



i^i ojju <ojJj ^1^5 c-jbU <o 



Persian 03 POK:712; HRN:219; BQT:2006 



mOZeh, mOZgan: eye/ashes |WV> i «V> 






Latin 03 ahd 



miscere : to mix 



English 



mix, miscellaneous 



Germanic 03 ahd 



mih-StU : fine rain, mist 



English 



mist 



Meigh 1 | 


Meigh 2 ^ 


Meigw | 


Meih | 


Meik | 



see root: Meig 

see root: Meig 

see root: Mei 3 

see root: Mei 3 

see root: Meig 



Meit Mel 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:715 

Meit, Meith : to stay 



^ I Avestan 03 pok:715 



maet : to s(ay 

maethman : guest, one who stays 

maethanam : staying place, house, homeland 



^ 



"~X 



Persian 03 bqt:2069,2084 



mehman, mThman: guest 

mThan : homeland 



f ' ^3 A <y 3 C^ oW" 3 a"y^ f I ^ 



Meith 



see root: Meit 



Indo-European 03 pok:720 
Mel 1 : black, dirty 



W 



Greek 



melan-xole : Mat* Me, 

mental disorder^^ Ghel 



Latin 03ahd:817 



melancholy: 

mental disorder 



Persian 03 bqt:1947 



malTxulia : me/ancho/y UjJsJU 



^ 



^ 



English 



melancholy 



Indo-European 03 pok:71 9,724 



~X 



Mel 2, MelO, SmelO -.small, insignificant, also bad and harmful 
These words may be related to root "Mer 2: harm, die". 



^ 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:719; SYN:1177; PRT:374; HRN:283 



mairya : harmful, evil 

HRN:283 ,BQT:1934 and SNS:239 link this word 

to the Indo-European root "Mer 2:to harm, die". 





Persian 03 HRN:283; BQT:1934 






mar : snake ,U 



Latin 03ahd 



male, malus : harmful 
mal-aria : bad (sick) air®" We 1 



► Italian 



► French 



Persian 03 mon:3709 



malariya : ma/aria bj'iU 



^ 



English 



malfunction, malicious, malady, 
malaria, malignant, dismal 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 kln:1461 



Smal : small animal 



English 



small 



Mel 3 Melo 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:716 



Mel 3: 



soft, soft material 



Greek 03 pok:719 



malaxos : soft 

malagma : soft material 



W I Germanic 03 ahd 



meltan : to melt 
milks : mulch 

smelt, malta, mildja, milks 






Latin 03 ahd 


l 




mollis: soft 








Celtic 03 ahd 


moltO : sheep 



~x 



Arabic 03 kln:58 



al-malagma : the ■■soft- 
material 



Persian 03 mon:4345 



malgam : paste, ointment _jjjj 



French 03 kln:58 



amalgame 



English 03 ahd 
amalgam 



English 03 ahd 



melt, smelt, malt, mild, mulch, enamel 



English 03 ahd 
mollusk 



English 03 ahd 



mutton 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:722 
Melg : to wipe off, to milk 



Avestan 03 POK:722; FFD:77 



marz, marez, mrz, mard : 

to wipe, sweep, rub 



V 



Persian 










03 BQT:1948,2010; HRN:214 


SYN:569; MON:4010; SNS:245; FFD:77 




malidan 


: to rub 




JU <u iJU , <JU) 


CjaJU 


mostan : 


to rub, massage 




( ' cJifl 


>Cr^ 


mOfZ : intercourse, also the 


inus, bottom 


<0-4j^ 




Molavf 


. I j. . ' 


^j'j / r*/! 


- iM),P ^"4*^j - 1 - 


y> JJw> 



Avestan 03 POK:722; BQT:1448; HRN:12 



a-mafZ : wipe out the sins, forgive 
fra-a-marZ : one who forgives all sins 
®"psr1 



Persian 



amorzidan : to forgive ( J*),* I ) 0-4jy ' 

FaramarZ : "one who forgives", male name \ ya| A 



Germanic 03 ahd 



milkan : to milk 



English 



milk 



Latin 03 ahd 



mulgere : to milk 



English 



emulsion 



Melo 



see root: Mel 2 



300 



Men 1 Men 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:726 
Men 1 : to think 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 

03 POK:726,727; BQT 



manah, maiti -.mind, 

manners 
-man 1 : to be similar to 

mathro, mathra : holy 

instructions 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 SNS:240,254 



menism: manners 

mansr :no/y 

instructions 



Persian 03 bqt 



manes : manners 



manastan : to resemble (JJoU ) •,l»iU 

mandan 1 : to resemble fl ^U _) ^ ^JjU 



Avestan 03 pok:726; bqt 



Vahu-man : well mannered®" Su 1 
dllS-manah : with unfriendly 

fhoughfs^Dus 
haxa-manah : with friendly 

fhoughfs®"S8kw 
hu-man : with good manners ®"Su 1 



Persian 03 BQT:1949, 2316; HRN; ZMA:19 


Bahman : "with good manners" 


irv. 


HaxamaneS : "with friendly thoughts" 


JiiM-A 


dosman : "with unfriendly thoughts" 


,'ysw»J 


Human : "well mannered" 


(^5* 



V 



Avestan 03 pok:726; bqt 



kara-manah : with knowledge of 

work Kwer 
Vi-manah : to think apart, guess ®"wi 
naire-manaw : with manly manners 

®"N8r1 



v* 



Avestan 03 pok:726; bqt 



prati-man : with opposite fhoughfs®"P8r 3 

dereza-man : like (for) a seam, thread 
®"Dh8r 1 
as-man : like (a big) stone, sky^" Ak 
ham-mana : like that^Sem 1 



,^ 



w 



Old Persian 03 knt:202,212 



man 1 : to think 

manah : thinking power 

manis : manner 

haxa-manis : with friendly manners 



Avestan 03 POK:726; AHD:26; KLN; KGW:46 



mainyu : spirit, heaven 

anra-mainyu, angra-manyu:ew/sp/rif c8 *Ens 



^ I Germanic 03 ahd; h 



^ 



Persian LLI BQT:1949, 2316; HRN 


qahreman : "with skillful manners" 


d^jP 


Nanman : "with manly manners" 


d^ij 


goman : "a distinguishing thought" 


i)W 



Persian 03 bqt 


pasiman : 

"with regretting mind" 


<oHi> 


ll)W"H 


Sadman : "with happy thoughts" 




i^iou 


darzman : "like a seam" 




d^jp 


asman : "like a (big blue) stone" 




^)U^«I 


haman : "like same" 




o^ 



Persian 03 BQT2083; HRN:227 



T^ 



minU: heaven 

mina : blue (skylike) gloss, glass \*wt 

ahriman : evil yKj*' 



English 
mind 



301 



Men 1 Men 1 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:726 
Men 1 : to think 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03 KLN:947; AHD:864 



mOUSa: protector of arts 
matOS : mind, will 
autOS-matOS : has mind 
of itself^ Autos 



► Latin 



French 



musique 



I 





Persian 03 mon:4063, 4433 






d^y < $y < ^yy 






Persian 03 BQT:2052; MON:4432 


uXJvayl i \S*j\ jy> i ojy> 



w 



English 03 ahd 



music, museum, mosaic, amnesty, maniac, automatic 



Latin 03 ahd 



ment, mens : mind 



English 03 ahd 



mental, mention, monitor, monster 
monument, comment, demonstrate 



^ Indo-European 03 kln:930; pok:700 



Manu, Manus: 



one who thinks, man 



W 



W 



Avestan 

03 POK:700; KLN:930; BQT:2047; SNS:241 



manu, manus, mainyus : man(iy) 

manUS-citra : with manly face, 
or of "Manush" race ^^ Skai 



Persian 03 bqt:2047 



ManCicehr : "from Manush family" 
a male name 



jvtr* 



Germanic 03 ahd 



manna : man 






French 



mannequin : manikin 



Persian 03 mon:3721 



mankan : manikin 



^u 



English 03 kln:930 



man, Norman, Herman, manikin 



Indo-European 03 pok:730 



Men-dh: 



W 



Avestan 03 ahd; kln:1095 



ma[n]dz-dha, mazdha : learned, 

wise^ Dhe2 

ahura-mazdha : wise sp/r/(®"An 1 

mazda-yasna : God worshipper^" Yag 



Persian UJ bqt:109 


Mazda : "wise" 


\>y 


Ahuramazda : "wise spirit" 


< ?/ ) I^IjjaI 


mazdTsna : God worshipper 


VwaO \fi 



w 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



manthanein : to learn 



English 



mathematics 



302 



Men 2 Menot 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:729 



~X 



Mel! 2 :to remain 
BQT:1949 claims this word is 
ultimately from root "Dem:house" 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 KLN:934; HRN:215; KNT:202 



man 2 : await 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:215 



man-stan : to stay 



Persian 03 bqt:1950 



mandan 2 : to remain, stay 



r ,'_)jjU 



W 



Avestan 03 SNS:74 



Upa-mati : remain, endure, 
keep the hopes up Upo 



Pahlavi 

03 SNS:74 



6med : hope 



Persian ffl 


MON 








OmTd : hope 






(jW ) 


»Ua| 


AEF:147 offers 


a few 


possible 


roots for this word 




and concludes that th 


e root is 


not quite clear. 





w 

^ 



Latin 03 ahd; kln 



manere : to remain 



English 



mansion, permanent, remain 






Indo-European 03 pok:726 



~X 



Men O : to stand out, project 



Avestan 03 POK:726; KLN:1009 



mati, mnti : sticking out, prominent 
fra-manyente : they get a head start 



Latin 03 ahd 



mont : mountain 



French 



Persian 03 mon 






English 03 kln:1009 



mount, mountain, amount, paramount, piedmont 






Latin 03 ahd 



minere : to project 



English 



prominent, eminent, imminent 



Indo-European 03 POK:726,747; KLN:932 
Mon, MonO : neck, throat 



r 



Avestan 03 pok:747 



minu : throat 

manaothri, moneutro : neck, throat 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



mono : neck 



English 03 kln:932 



Men-dh 



Menot 



see root : Men 1 
see root: Me 2 



303 



Menth Mer 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:732 



~X 



Menth: 



mouth, to chew 



Greek 03 POK:732; AHD:1529 



math-ya : to chew 

mUStaX: upper lip 
mastax : mouth 
mastixan : to grind the teeth 
mastixe : chewing gum 



Arabic 03 tad:69 



mastakT : a resinous 
plant and its resin 
used for chewing 



Persian 03 mon:4173 



mastakT : a resinous plant \L'.^i fl 

and its chewable resin 



English 03 ahd 



mustache 






Germanic 03 ahd 



muntha : mouth 



English 03 ahd 
mouth 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:732 



~X 



Menth, Meth: 



Ave stan 

ffl POK:732; BQT:2040; FSF:311 



mant 1 : to stir, turn 
mant 2, Vant : in control, 

owner 
The link of "mant 2: owner" and 
"mant 1 : stir" is unclear unless 
"stir" means "to be in control". 



Pahlavi 

ffl BQT:2040 



mand, omand: 

owner, with, like 



Persian ffl BQT:2040; FSF:311 



mand : (suffix) owner of with JJji _ 

Manuchehrf 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 pok:732 



manphur, manfur : lathe, a lathed object 



French 03 ahd:793 



mandrin : lathe 



English 03 ahd:793 



mandrel, mandril 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:969 



~X 



Mer 1, Smer: 



to remember, be anxious about 



Avestan 03 MON; KLN:961; FFD:64 



mar 1 , Smer : to remember 

mar-aiti, his-mar-aiti : counted for 

a-mar : (count) to remember 
Vi-mar : designate (off) cr Wi 



V 



Sogdian ffl sod:69 



SID r : thought, imagination 



h 


Persian ffl HUB:95; HRN:208; BQT:1834,1978 


' 




mar : account, count, number Ja 




amar: census jUl 




semordan : to count ( ojUi , JtjlJ* , jl»i) ^j*** 




gomardan : designate ( <£J\J i tfJhS ) (j£j\J 




<L>vA yJ-J -«*J \A U JJc> y I 




Asadr ^y j ^ &j Jj 1 ) ^J 1 



Latin 03 ahd 



me-mor : mindful 



English 03 ahd 



memory, remember 



^-» | Different Languages 03 ahd; kln:943 
^ 



English 



martyr, mourn 



304 



Mer 2 Mer 2 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:735,970; AHD:1529 



MGr £ : to rub away, harm, die 

Mer-d, Mer-k:desf roy 

Mor-tO : mortal man 
Smerd : painful 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 

03 POK:735; BQT:1872,1934,1982-6; KLN:1005 



mar 2 : to die 

mahrka, marathyu : death 

mareta, masa : mortal man 

mardta : everyone 

gayo-mereta : perishable life, human ^Gwei 

a-mereta, amasa : eternal 



Persian UJ bqt; hrn:218-9 


ZMA:21 


mordan : to die 


( Sy ) £)}jfl 


mard : mortal man 


<fV> V 


KlUmarS : "mortal world, man' 


it>j/>yS 


amordad : "not mortal" 


( i\iy>) }\}j»\ 



w 



w 



Pahlavi 03 SOD:219; BQT:2017 



murdyanag, masyanag : mortal man 

masa : Adam 
masyoi : Eve 



Persian 03 SOD:218; BQT:2017 



masya : Adam 

masyaneh : Eve 






Avestan 03 AEF:378; HRN:69 



aWIS-mar, WIZmar : to fade, wither 
HUB:41 does not agree with this derivation 



Persian 03 bqt:400 



pajhmordan : to fade, wither ( AJjyi'V) ) \} yi'V) 



W 



W 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:737; KNT:203 



morandat, marencaiti -.destroys 
maraxs : spoil 

mared : destroy 



Old Persian 03 KNT:202,203; SOD:218,225 



mar, mariya : to die 

marta : dead 
martiya : mortal man 



Sogdian 03 S0D:218 



marty : 



Old Persian 03 knt:203 



mard : crush 

mard-Una : crusher of grapes 
into wine, wine merchant 



Persian 03 knt:203 



^ 



mol : wine 

Onsort J> i jj jj iSi ^j> «Jjjjj3 _ JjO J*J ^JjJJI fu» ^j) <*■! 

For another possible root of Persian "mol: wine" see root "Medhu". 



Greek 03 pok:736 



maraino : rub off 

marmarOS : polished stone, rock 

marmaron : marble 



Persian 03 MON:4045; BQT:1996 



marmar : marble stone ( *j yo yo ) Jo Jo 



w 



Latin 03ahd:797 



marmor : marble 



French 03 ahd:797 



marbre 



English 03 ahd:797 



marble 



V* 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



maron : goblin 
mur-thra : murder 



English 03 ahd 



nightmare 
murder 



305 



Mer 2 | Merega 



Indo-European 03 POK:735,970; AHD:1529 



MGr £ : to rub away, harm, die 

Mer-d, Mer-k:desf roy 

Mor-tO : mortal man 
Smerd : painful 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W I Latin 03 



AHD 



mors : death 

mor-tarilim : ground down, mortar 

mordere : to bite 

morbus : disease 



English 03 ahd 



mortal, mortuary, mortgage 

mortar 

remorse 

morbid 



W 
^ 



Old High German 03 ahd; kln:1461 



smerzan:pa/nfe/ 



English 03 kln:1461 



smart 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:737 
Mer 3 : to disturb 



A 



Sanskrit 03 hrn:101,181 



a-mars : to tolerate, be quiet 
pra-mars : to forget 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:706,1448 






XamUS : quiet, turned off J**/^ 



W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:65 



mUS, fra-a-mUS : to forget 



w 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:65 



framUStan : to forget 



Persian UJ FFD:65; MON:2506 



faramusidan : to forget 



Naser-Khosrow 






^ | Germanic Mahd \ >~ 

\ 



English 



mar : to damage 



Mer-d 



Mereg 



see root: Mer 2 
see root: Merg 



Avestan 03 BQT:190; KLN:959 



Merega : a large bird 
Saena-merega : dark hawk bird cr Ksi 1 



w 



w 

^ 



Pahlavi 03 bqt 



murg, merv: bird 

Sen-murV : hawk bird 



Sogdian 03 SQP:217 



mrg : bird 



306 



Persian 03 BQT:1211,1990; SYN:183 



morg : bird 

Stmorg : a legendary bird 



V 



Merg | Meth 



Indo-European 03 pok:738 



~X 



Merg, Mereg : mark, border 






Avestan 03 POK:738; KLN:940 



mereza : boundary 



Persian 03 bqt:1986 



marz : border 



jy 



Germanic 



mark : to mark 



English 



mark, remark, march 



Latin 03ahd 



margo : border, i 



English 



margin 



Mer-k 



see root: Mer2 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:739 
Merk:to(ake, grasp 



Latin 03 pok:739 



merx, comerx : 

merchandise 



Italian 03 mon:3392 



COmmerCI : commerce 



W 



Portuguese 



CUmerX : trade 



Persian 03 MON:3392; HJB:384 



gomrok : customs duties O y»5 

gambrOOn : former name A. j^S 

of port "Bandar Abbas". 



V k 



English 03 ahd 



commerce, merchant, market 



W 



Latin 03 ahd 



merces : pay, reward, kindness 
MerCUrillS : god of commerce 



French 



h 


Persian ffl mon:4015 


' 




mere? : thanks -, j 



English 03ahd:821 



mercy : kindness 



^+- 1 French 



Persian UJ mon 



f/j/y ' J$J* 



V* 



^ 



English 



mercury 



Meth 



see root: Menth 



307 



Meu 1 | Meug 



Indo-European 03 pok:741 
MeU 1 : damp, dirty 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 POK:741; HRN:285; KLN:1008 



muthra : dirty liquid, urine 



Germanic 03 ahd 



meUS : damp 



English 



Latin 03 ahd 



mUStUS : wet, I 



English 



must 2 : damp 

mustard 



Middle Greek 03 ahd 



mudde:we( earth 



English 



mud 



Meu 2 



see root. 



Mew 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:744 



MeUg : wet, slippery, 
also to give up, let go, flee, deliver, describe 



Avestan 03 POK:744; FFD:27 



fra-mUXti : open up, describe, clarify 
a-maUX-ta : learned 



Persian 03 FFD:27; MON:91 



amUXtan : to learn 

amuzandan : to teach 






JS^jy\, JS jy>l i J>jy\ i jy I 






Old Persian 03 POK744 



a-mutha, a-muntha : tied 



Sanskrit 03 pok:744 



mCikti : slipped out, lost, 

anything thrown away (worthless) 
munthate : untie, describe, explain 



Persian 03 BQT:2024; HRN:221 



moft : worthless, free 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Smug : wetness, figurative slipperiness 



English 



smuggle 



Greek 


mUXa : lamp wick 






Latin 




' 


mUCUS : moist 





English 



match 1 : a piece of wood that catches fire by friction 



English 



moist, mucus 



308 



Meuk Mew 



Indo-European 03 pok:745 
MeLlk: scratch, rub 



~~\ 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:745 



musti : fist 



Persian 03 BQT:2010; HRN:220 



most : fist 



K- 



Latin 03 pok:745 



mucro : sharp point 



English 03ahd:860 



mUCrO : sharp point of plants 



^ 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1643 



A 



MeLlk : stocking, boot 



Avestan 03 hrn:223 



maOC : shoe, boot 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:2051 



mozag, mucak: shoe, 

boot 



Persian UJ mon:4432 



mCizeh : boot, shoe 



dip 4 )y 



<0 <UiwM>i> 



(3w Jw 



W 



Avestan 03 SNS:247; HRN:223 



paitis-mUXta : to put on (shoes) ®" Par 3 
fra-mUXti : to take out (shoes) ®" Par 1 



W 

L 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 hrn:223 




mOC : shoe 








Old English 03 IEC:1643 


meo, meon : shoe sole 



Indo-European 03 pok:743 



Mew, Meu 2 



: to push away, move 






Avestan 03 POK:743; ISS:331 



mivamahi : (we) eliminate 
a-muyamno : not movable Q 



Latin 03ahd 



mOVere : to move 



Pahlavi 03 ISS:331 



mCitak : move 

parmutan : to move 



English 03 ahd 



mobile, momentum, motion, motive, motor, move, 
commotion, emotion, promote, remote, remove 



309 



Mizdho Moiso 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:746 
MizdllO reward 



"~X 



Avestan 03 POK:746; KLN:957 



mTzda : reward 

mizda-Vare : wage earned Bhev 1 



W 



Sogdian 03 sqd:227 



myZCl : reward, salary 



Persian ffl BQT:2000; HRN:219 



mOZCieh : reward, worthy news 
mOZU : wage, pay, salary 
mOZuUr : wage earner, mercenary 



9 



w 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



medo: 



English 



meed: 



Semitic 03 KLN:928; FVA:384 



A 



M.l.h: 



^ 



w 



Arabic 03 kln:928 



m.l.h, milh: 



Persian UJ fva:384 



melh 



-.salt ( £>UI ) wb 



Hebrew 03 kln:928 



melah : salt 

malluh:ma//oivp/an( 



Latin 03 kln:928 



malva : mallow 



English 03 kln:928 



mallow, mauve 



W 



Greek 



malaxe : mallow 



English 03ahd:1527 



malachite : a dark green mineral, copper carbonate 



W 



Semitic ffl kln:926 



malha : salt Name of a Phoenician colony given to a Spanish port. 



W 



Spanish 03 kln:926 



Malaga : a Spanish port 



I 



French 



Malaga 



h 


Persian ffl M0N6:1883 


' 




malaga : a Spanish port tS^U 



^ 



English 03 kln:926 



Malaga : a Spanish port and its famous v 



Moin 



see root: Mei 3 



Indo-European 03 pok:747 



~X 



Moiso 



: sheep 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:747; SYN:158 



maesa : ram 
maesT : sheep 



Persian UJ BQT:2078; HRN:226 



miS : ram h*ja 

gavmTS:(juffato®"Gwou J*-"^ 



310 



Mon | Mozgho 



Mon 



Mono 



Mor-to 



Morui 



see root: Men 3 

see root: Men 3 

see root: Mer2 

see root: Morwi 



Indo-European 03 pok:749 



A 



Morwi, Morui: 






Avestan 03 pok:749 



maoiri:an( 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:2049; SNS:248 



mor, morcag : ant 



Persian UJ bqt:2049 



mur : ant ( <Gl>jy> , <^jy ) jy> 



Latin 03ahd 



vormica, formica : 



French 



Persian UJ mon 



*Swi3 X~»\ i P3jj5 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



formic [acid] 
chloroform 



^ 



Indo-European 03 IEC:802 



Moudh, Moudhio : 



Avestan 03 hrn:224 



m6y : groaning 

a-mayava : grief 



^ 



4-Pahlavi 

03 HRN:224; FFD:77; MON 



m6y, moyak : groan/ng 
must : groaning, complaint 



W 
^ 



Old Iranian 03 ffd:77 



maud, mauda : to cry, to 



cry, to groan 



Persian 03 HRN:224; FFD:77; MON:4080,4433,4455; IEC:802 



muy-Tdan : to cry 

most : groaning, complaint, sorrow 



< 8 jy V '^y '^ 0-^.y 



\ ■L-vtya^W* ) 



r,. 



Vfs-o-Ramfn 






ib lj ilXo 



#'<y 



HRN:223 links these to Avestan "ama-yava:grief. See root "Ome". 



Moudhio 



Mozgho 



see root: Moudh 
see root: Mozgo 



311 



Mozgo | M.s.h 



Indo-European 03 pok:750; kln:941 
MOZgO, MOZghO: marrow 



"~X 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 

03 POK; KLN; SYN:367 



mazga : marrow 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:2021 



mazg : brain 



Persian 03 BQT:2021; SYN:215; MON:4063 



magz : brain 
mazg : brain 






Germanic 



mazga 



English 03 ahd 



Indo-European 03 pok:750 

Mregu, Mrgu : < ,t 



A 






Avestan 03 POK:750; KLN:18 



merezu, marazu : short 

mereZU-jlti : short lived, fas(®"Gw8i 
berez 2 : in short time, fast 
bereZ-Caxra : with fast wheels^ Kwsl 



Russian 03 syn:969 



DOrZOy : a fast running wolfhound 



English 03 KLN:188; AHD:153 



borZOI : a large slender wolfhound 



Latin 03 syn:969 



brevis : short 



English 



brief, abbreviate, abridge 



Germanic 03 ahd 



miirgja : short, a joy which makes time pass faster 



English 



merry 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



braXUS : short 

braXOn : upper arm which is shorter than the lower arm 



English 



brace, embrace, pretzel 



Mrgu 



see root: Mregu 



W I Arabic 03sap:15 



Semitic 03 kln:969 



~X 



M.s.h 



: to touch, rub, anoint 



masaha : he wiped with hand, covered an area 

MaSlh : anointed 

masahat : area (covered or wiped) 



Persian ffl fva:381 



MasTh : the Messiah, Jesus 
masahat : surface area 
mas-h : to wipe with wet hand 









Hebrew 03 kln:969 



masiah : anointed 



Aramaic 



English 03 ahd 



Messiah : Jesus 



312 



M.s.s Mu 



Arabic 03 fva:381 



~X 



M.S.S: to touch 
MaSSa : he touched 



Persian UJ mon; fva:381 



mass : to touch ( ^tj ( ^Ua ) JJi 



^ I French 03 F 



Persian UJ mon:3697 



masaZ : massage \uulfl 



^ 



English 03 kln:944 



massage 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:752 



~X 



Mu, Mus 



: a mouse, muscle 



Sanskrit 



mUS : mouse 
mUSka : testicle 



Persian 03 POK:752; BQT:2053 



mUS : mouse 



o*y 



W 



h 


Persian 03 POK:752; BQT:2053; MON:4147 






mOSk : musk ( SmA ) ^ Sj& 




mesk : musk ( SjMtf ) ^ S&A 




meskl : musk color, black ( , r *$JL° ) -SjLa 



Wl 



Greek 



Latin 



muskus 



I French 



English 

03 AHD:865 



musk 



W 

L 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



mUS : mouse 



English 



Latin 03 ahd 



mUS : mouse, muscle 



English 



muscle 



313 



Muk Mura 



Indo-European 03 pok:752; ieC:814 
M U K : pile, peak, spike 



~~\ 



Persian 03 IEC:814; MON:4445 



muk : sting 



J, 



r 






Germanic 03 ah d : 1 530 



mugon, muhonrheap 



English 03 ahd 



mOW : heap of grain 



OldNorse 03ahd:1530 



mugi : heap 



Dutch 03aHD:1530 



mOCke : thing 

male-mOCke : "silly thing", a bird 



English 03 ahd 


mogul : a mound on a ski slope 








English 03 ahd 


' 




mallemuck: a kind of bird 



Persian 03 bqt:2055 



A 



Mum: 



(Y 



W 
^ 



Arabic 03 PLA:254; AFM:148 



mumiya: wax used 

in embalming 



Latin 

03 SKT:340 



French 



English 03 kln:1014 



mummy, mummery 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:283 



~X 



Mura 



: seal, coin, jewel 






Pahlavi 03 KLN:993; ISS:284 



mutrak, mudrak:nng 
mudar, muhr:sea/ 



Sogdian 03 ISS:284 



mwhrg'n 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:224; BQT:2062,2068; ISS:284 


' 




mohr: seal, coin ( Q >&fl i ) Hffonfi ) j** 
Hafez jJAi ^\ij ji jfyti J^ly JL^i ^xXp ^> 



Sanskrit 03 kln:993 



mudra : coin, seal 



314 



MurvarTt M.v.t 



Pahlavi 03 PLA:247; FVQ:261 



"~X 



MurvarTt: 



small pearl 



Wl 



W 



Persian 03 BQT:1997; FVQ:261; KGW:112 



morvarid : peari Jjjl « jt 

Hafez jjjl ^ ji ^> O <j^y jJ> 3 <J**>^ V O'VM - "^ li j*— ^ £— £y Ja3u> &Jt J-*-J (3$— ^) 



BQT derives this word from Greek 



Aramaic 03 FVQ:261 



W 



Arabic 

03 FVQ:261; PLA:247 



mardjan : pearl, coral 





Persian 03 bqt:1981 




marjan : coral a(^. j 

Hafez }y&$ ^l> yi 3 J J J5 3 0*Xw Jt» <Gj^ 



Greek 

03 AHD:1527; KGW:111; FVQ:261 



margarites : pearl 



Latin 



Wl 



Old French 



^ 



English 



margarite, margarine, 
Margaret, Marjorie, 
Margarita, Maggie, Rita 



Mus 



see root. 



Mu 



Arabic 03 FVA:384; KLN:946 



~x 



M.V.t: 



W 



Arabic 

03 FVA:387 



maot : death 



h 


Persian 03 FVA:387; MON:3678,4421 


' 




mawt, mOWt:deaft 


( OW> ) Oy> 




mayyet : dead person 


CW) 




mat : dead, dull, confused 


oU 




kTs-mat : "king is dead", checkmate ** Ksei 1 


Ova J»tf 




Molavt OW [»jU U J WjJai <U; j?- . 


oLi ^y ^j y j»jjl j> <y 



t: 



Latin 03 fsd:1526 



mattUS : dull, dead 

POK:694 derives Latin "mattus" from Indo-European root "Mad: wet". 






French 
03 FSD:1526 



mat : dull 



English 03 fsd:526 



mat 1 : dull 

AHD:805 derives English "mat" from root "Mad". 



French 03 PHN:257; DEV:159 



mat : defeated 
e'chec et mat : checkmate 
"checkmate" reached Europe 
through debatable paths 



English 03 LKT:115; KLN:946 



mate 2 : to overcome 

checkmate 



W 



Spanish 
03 KLN:946 



matar : to km 

matador : (bull) killer 



French 03 mon:3678 



matador 



h 


Persian ffl mon:3678 


' 




matador otU 



^ 



English 03 kln:946 
matador 



315 



Na 1 Na 2 



N 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:755 



A 



Na 1, Nau, Naus : ■; 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 PRT:429; HRN:229; IRN:123 



nau, naviya : ship. Also any 

groove, line, cavity or trench 
used as a guide for carrying 
water, grain, arrow, etc. 
nav-dan : water path, gutter 
^09 2 



^ 



Persian UJ BQT:2110; MON:4644 



naV : ship, water path, pipe, river 
nav-dan : water way, gutter'^' Da 2 



O 1 ^ 






Persian UJ MON:4645,4650 


navanTdan : to bend something (shape like a boat) 


ovb^ 


naVldan : to walk while moving to the sides (like a ship) 


0-4 ^ 


Molavf (_ rw ^a ^C^M-^ C*)y {jy$ CU^iS (--Jj <0 - L^U ^ ^ *-*9 ^ e^J-^ fi 


— *& 



v k 



Persian ffl MON:4649; BQT:2112; FSF:321 



naveh : a guide for feeding grains to a mill, a hollow piece of 
wood used for carrying mud and cement, the groove on grains, the 
hole or guide used for shooting small arrows, the arrow shot this way. 

fiavak : a small arrow (shot through a guide) 



lS^U 



(j;l <c3*yil <o j Jxo ^W •yJS -ijjl <c3*<p Ul> $> ! y 03U jl Jj* 






Latin 03ahd 



naVIS : ship 



English 



navy, navigate 



Greek 03ahd 



naUS : ship 



English 



nautical, nausea, noise, nautilus, astronaut, cosmonaut, aeronaut 



Indo-European 03 pok:754 
Na 2 : to help 



^\ 



w 

^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 hub:43; hrn:72 



pa-natha, pati-natha, pa-nah -. protection help, shelter^ Pa 



Persian 03 HRN:72; BQT:418 



panah : shelter 



tw 



316 



Nabatu Naema 



Akkadian 03akd:60 



~X 



NabatU : to shine 

NabtU, NaptU : light, lamp oil 



v* 



Aramaic 
03 KLN:1027 



nafta : on 



Arabic 

03 KLN:1027 



naft : on \aii 



V 



Persian LLI KLN:1027; BQT:2155; AKD:60; MON:4777 


naft : oil, kerosene 


cJLi , mj 


Khaqanf C*J J>jij y> I J li> J2& - Jiy& ^> O I 


j ia^J bo >& 


POK:316 & HRN:232 derive "naft" from "Nebh:cloud". 





Greek 03 FSD:1649; KLN:1027 



naphta : on 

SKT:344 derives the Greek 
word from Persian "naft: oil". 



I 



French 03 phn:283 



^ 



Persian 03 mon 



naftalin : Naphthalene •_Jkii 



^ 



Latin 03 kln:1027 



naphtha 



English 



naphthalene, naphthol 



Indo-European 03 ahd 
Nabja : beak 



A 



^ 






Persian 03 ISS:143; MON:4857 




w 






nok, niik : tip, beak Sp 
r\u\:beak Jy 
Molavt ,V»W "4V^ ^^ J-* 3 / J-* - iVf") J-* lA^V <0 JjiI k) J^ f 


Sogdian 03 mon 




nwk : beak 



w 
^ 



Old English 03 ISS:143 



nebb : nose, beak 



English 03 ahd 



neb, nib, nipple, nibble 



Nabtu 



see root: Nabatu 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 hrn:239; syn:936; brt:1036 



Naema : half 

This word is cognate with Sanskrit word "nema:half 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:2233; SNS:290 



Persian 03 BQT:2233; BRT:1036 






Hafez 



317 



Naeza Namra 



Avestan 03 bqt:2226 



Na§Za : sharp 



point 



W 



Pahlavi 03 mon:4884 



nezak : 



^ 



~X 



Persian 03 BQT:2226; PLA:265; SDQ:73; FSF:336 



nayzeh : spear, also a flag post ( o'VJ ) o \*3 



Old Persian 03 bqt:2107 



Nagan, Nagan: 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:2107; SNS:223 



nan : bread 



^ 



Persian LLI BQT:2107; HRN:229; HUB:101 



nan : bread, food, sustenance 






Nagan 



see root: Nagan 



Indo-European 03 IEC:825 



Naks, Nask: 






Avestan 03 IEC:825 



naska : thread 



Pahlavi 03 mon:4683 



h 


Persian ffl IEC:825; MON:4683 






nax : thread, string «y 



Latin 03 IEC:825 



naxae: bonds 



w 



Avestan / Sanskrit 03 hrn:230 



Namra: 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:230 



namr, narm : soft 
namrak, narmak: soft 

thing, pillow 



Persian 03 bqt:2130 



narm : soft 

Sana? p")) K 



^\ 






W 



Arabic 03vdQ:403 



namraq:p///ow 
namareq : puiows 



Persian UJ mon:4815 



namraq : piiiow ( ^jUi ( 4^ ) <$y£ 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 hrn:230 



namra-VaXS : soft sound (voice) ^ Wskw 



318 



Nana Narda 



Indo-European 03 pok:754 



~X 



Nana, Nena 



a child word for mother a nurse 






Sanskrit 03 POK:754; KLN:1062 



nana : mother 



Persian 03 KLN:1062; POK:754; HRN:234 



naneh : a slang word for mother or nurse 



■Cj 



English 03 ahd 



nana, nanny 






Late Latin 03 ahd 



English 03 kln:1062 



nun, nunnery 



^ 



Greek 03 pok:754; ahd 



nana : aunt 
nannus : little old 

man, a dwarf 



Latin 03ahd:872 



nanus : dwarf, short 



English 03 AHD:872; KLN:1027 



nanO- : a prefix meaning a small amount, 
one billionth of a specified unit. 

nanosecond, nanometer 



Naptu 



see root: Nabatu 



Sanskrit 03 hjb:642 



NarailC|a : orange tree 



V k 



^ 



Persian 03 HJB:642; BQT:2095 



nareng : a citrus fruit Sij\$ 

narengT : tangerine S^J^ 

anar : pomegranate (see SKT:360) J ,^1 
IEC:1645 derives "anar" from Indo-European roots "Nor, Anor: juicy" 



W 



Arabic 



naranj 



v* 



Persian 03 mon 



b 



narenj : a citrus fruit nj j 



Spanish 



naranja 



Italian 



French 



English 03 skt:360 
orange 



Narda 



see root. 



Nedo 



319 



Narikelah N.b.b 



Sanskrit 03 kln:1028 



~X 



Narikelah, Narikerah: 



W 



Pahlavi 03 pla:256 



anargTI 



Persian 03 AHD:873; BQT:2095 



nargTI : coconut \$ M 

narg I leh : a water pipe made with coconut shell AJ^J M 



W 



French 03 ahd:873 



narguile: water pipe 



^ 



English 



nargeela, narghile: 

water pipe 



Narikerah 



see root: Narikelah 



Indo-European 03 POK:755,768 



Nas : , 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:193 



nah, naham:^ 



Sanskrit 03 knt:193 



Germanic 03 ahd 



naSO : nose 



Latin 03 ahd 



naSUS : nose 



^\ 



English 03 knt:193 



nose, nostril 



English 03 ahd 



nasal, naso- 



Nask 



Nau 



Naus 



see root: Naks 
see root : Na 1 
see root : Na 1 



Semitic 03 kln:138 



N.b.b 



: to make hollow, dig a hole 



W 



Akkadian 03 kln:138; akd:30 



nebaba : hole 

imbubU: hollow tube 

babu : door 

bab-ilu : gate to gods^Layb 



Aramaic 03 akd:30 



Wl 



Arabic 



► I Hebrew 



^ 



~X 



Persian 03 mon 



bab 2 : door ' ^j[i 

anbub : pipe, flute uJyjl 

Babel : Babylonia A)l> 



English 03 kln:138 



Babel, Babylonia 



320 



Ndher Ne 1 



Ndher 



Ndhi 



Ndhos 



see root: En 
see root: En 
see root: En 



W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:756 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:756; knt:167 



Ne 1, Nei 3, An A.r 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



na 1, ni 3, naiy : no, not 

m-US-tavah: not out of power, strong 1 -^" 'ud 1, Tsu 1 



Persian UJ bqt:2210 



na : no ( _ to ) 43 

nastuh : energetic (fighter) 8al«i 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:757; KNT:167 



a- 2, a- 2, an-: 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:264; KNT:209 



a-purn-ay : -not fun ofnfe; 

young Aiw 



Persian 03 bqt:264 



borna:> 



b 



'/■ 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 bqt:36,72,788 



an-ahita : not dirty, innocent^ Ahu 
an-aOSa : not mortal^" 6us 1 
a-Zarema-dugeda : ageless woman 

a-XSae-na : not bright, dark blue 
®"Kssi2 



Persian UJ mon, bqt 



anahlta : "innocent, pure" 
anUSeh : eternal 
azarmTdoxt : "ageless woman 



( AJkb ) \lfA\i~ 



xasan : 

a blue bird^ Kssi 2 



{ }w*wV*iW*' i IwnvSv** / 'luftdfliil*' 



w 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 bqt:46; pok:594,743 



a-karana : endless *" Karana 
a-muyamn6 : not movable 1 -^" 'Maw 
a-SUf: not morning yet, dawn Keu 4 
an-USant : nof raffing, reluctant^ Wsk 






Sanskrit 03ahd 



a-, an- : nof 



Germanic 03 ahd 



ne, na, un- 



English 


no 


none 


not, 


nothing, 


nor 


neither, 


never, 


un- 


undo 



Sogdian 03 S0D:32 



n : no, not 

n -Krtk : "not done", uncoined silver^^ Kwer 



Persian 03 bqt:2157 



noqreh : silver 8 ii 



Latin 03 ahd 



ne : not 

ne-ullus : not any, nu//®"l 2 

ni-SCtre : not knowing, silly 

nek, neg:nof 

negare : to negate, deny 



Arabic 03 tad:73 



naker, n.k.r: to negate, 
deny, not recognize 



Persian 03 FVA415 



enkar: denial j\$j\ 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



null, nice, negative, neglect, negotiate, deny 



321 



Ne 1 Ne 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:756; knt:167 

Ne 1, Nei 3, An 4 mo, not 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03 ahd 



a-, an- : no, not 

a-Sema : unstamped (silver) ** Ssma 

a-tomOS : "not breakable", atom 

a-Sphallein, asphaltOS : "not slippery", aspha/f^Sphallsin 

a-sbenunai : "not extinguishable", asbestos ^Gwss 



W 



Pahlavi 03 knt:209 



asem : silver 
sTm : silver 



Persian 03 KNT:209; BQT; mon 



Sim 2 : silver, also referring to 
mercury and electric iv/re^^Sema 






^ I Latin 



French 



Persian 03 vop 



atom : "not splittable", atom 

asfalt : "not slippery" ( cJlLul ( cJlLul ) cJlL» 



«il 



V k 



English 03 ahd 



a-, an-, atom, asphalt, asbestos 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



English 03 ahd 



in- 2, ineffective 



Indo-European 03 pok:758 

Ne 2, Nes 2 : our, us 






Avestan 03 POK:758; KLN:1683 



na 2 : us 
ahma, ahmaka 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:1931; SNS:232 



amag, amah:» 



Old Persian 03 SOD:209 



amaxam : we 



Sogdian 03 sod:206,209 



m x, m gw : we 



Germanic 03 ahd 



uns : us 

unsara : our 



A 



Persian 03 bqt:1931 



English 



us, our, ours 



322 



Nebh Nebh 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:315 



~X 



Nebh : cloud 
Nembh : moisture 
Ombhl"0:ra/n 



Avestan 03 pok:316 



nab, napta ■. humidity, 

moisture 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:232; SNS:282 



namb : moisture 



Persian 03 POK:316; BQT:2167; HRN:232 



nam : moisture 



£, 



Persian ffl SNS:282; HRN:232; BQT:2155; POK:316 



naft : oil, kerosene ( laiti ) C-Ju 

Ferdowsr Jjji j y^ j cU*0 ^uJJJb <W& _ Jjji 'j jjjl Jz3\ CU&Xj J t— -**jO 
See BQT:2155 and Akkadian root "Nabatu:to shine" for another derivation. 



v* 



Avestan 03 BQT:2170; MON:4818 



nemadhka: 



W 



Persian UJ BQT:2170; MON:4818 



namak : salt, charm ( ^liiej < ,VX«5 , lX«51> ) lX«5 



Sogdian 03 SQP:239 



nm'dk:sa/f 



w 



w 



Avestan 03 KLN:772; POK:316; SNS:11 



awrem, awra, awar -.ctoud 

BQT:79 derives these from Sanskrit 
"ab-bhra: water carrier". 
See roots "Ab 1"&"Bher 1" 



Pahlavi 03snS:11 



awr, avr, abr : ctoud 
abr-amun-. cloudy 



Persian 03 POK:316; SNS:11 



abr : cloud 

abramun : cloudy 






Latin 03ahd 



NeptunUS : sea god 



French 



H 
^ 



Latin 



Persian 03 mon 



Neptune ^^ 



English 



Neptune 



English 



nebula, nimbus 



323 



Ned Nedo 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:758 



~X 



Ned: 



Avestan 
03 POK:759 



naska : book 



Pahlavi 

03 MON 



nask : book 



W | Germanic 03ahd \ >- 



Persian ffl BQT:2140; MON:4727 



naSK : Zoroastrian book or any section of it lS*«3 



Arabic B3vdq:400 



naSX : written text 



Persian ffl fva:399 



nOSXeh : copy, prescription (' «^J ) aJu^ 



English 



net 2 : mesh 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



nodus : knot 

nectere : to tie 



English 



node, annex, connect 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:759; bqt:2221 
NedO, Narda : reed, pipe, flute 



^\ 



Old Persian 

03 HRN:237 



nada : flute 



► 


Persian 03 POK:759; BQT:1185,2104,2221; MON:2957 




nai, nay, nal -.flute, windpipe 








Jb < jj < Lib 




SUmay , Soma : a ftute played at festivities^' Ksu 4 








U W« *(JjjU)tt*tf 




koma : a horn played at war^^ Koro 








(Lib/ > b/ 




qaraney : black flute ®" Kar 2 

Molavt <$ tjj It <ulj «it> I j U Ji jj_w_L . <\^ 


f"i/ 


4^jU 


t 





w 



Sanskrit 

03 POK:759; HRN:237 



nadah : reed 

naladam, nalada 



Persian 03 SKT:344; HRN:237; BQT:2093 



nard 2 : spikenard . j^ M i } M i ' } y 



W 



Arabic 03 pla:257 



nard 



W 



^ 



Greek 



nardos 



Latin 



nardus 



English 03 kln:1028 



nard, spikenard 



324 



Nei 1 I Nei 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:760 



Nei 1, Ni 2 



PART 1 



~X 



to shine, to be excited 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Old Persian 03 POK:760; KNT:192; AIN:59; SPG:227 



ni 3, naiba : beautiful, brave, good 



W 



W 
^ 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:291; BQT:2237; AIN:60 



nev : brave 
nev-ak : good 



U 



Persian 03 KLN:1033; BQT:2127; TZF:20 






NlV : brave 

nard 1 : backgammon, distorted form of "Nfv ArdeshTr"^^ Ar 

nik : good, pure ( ^XJ ) S*j 

Ferdowsr w-i n j%> 3 JiWj_3 3 <v$ j-> ^> - W 3 ^l^iS ) j^y y% 3 ^w ¥£ 



w 



Persian 03 pla:27 



abnik : good (distilled) water?^ Ab 1 



uXo ^ 



Greek 03 web:44 



ambix : a cup used 
in distilling water 



Arabic 03 WEB:44; PLA:27 



al-anbTq, al-ambTq : distilling apparatus 
May have been derived from Greek "ambix" which 
is related to the Persian word (WEB:44 & TAD:4). 



Persian UJ mon:362 



anbTq : distilling 'L*j\ 

apparatus 



W 



Spanish 03 kln:47 



alambique: 

distilling apparatus 



French 03 kln:47 



alambic 

May be through 
Latin "alambicum" 



English 



alembic 



W 



Persian 


runikrbeauf/fa/^Leudh ( « £j ) lSLJjj 


W 






Arabic ffl AFM:74; FVF:297 


fc 


' 




raonaq : beauty, splendor 





Persian ffl mon:1694 



rOWnaq : splendor, success 



&3J 



Latin 03 kln:1033 



ni-tere : to shine 



English 



neat 

net 1 : pure 



325 



Nei 1 Neia 



Indo-European 03 pok:760 



Nei 1, Ni 2 



PART 2 



~X 



to shine, to be excited 



SEE OTHER PART ( S ) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



Sanskrit 

03 POK:760; UNV:51 



nili, nilah : da* Mue 
nilotpala : blue lotus 



Persian 03 bqt:2231 



nil : Indigo 
ITIak : lilac 

Farrokhf Sfstanf 






Arabic 



laylak 



| Spanish 
^+- 1 French 



Arabic 

03 AHD:52 



al-nil : the indigo 



► | Portuguese 



W 



^ 



French 

03 AHD:52 



aniline 



English 


03 AHD:757 


lilac 




- Englisr 


03 AHD:52 


anil, aniline 




Persian 


03 MON:98 


analin 


CfifM" 



Indo-European 03 pok:760 



~X 



Nei 2, Neia, NT 3: 



to lead, guide 



W 



^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 KLN:1026; HRN:265; SYN:712; POK:760; KNT:193 



ni 2, nay : to guide 

nayeiti : leads 

f ra-nay : leads forward^ Par 1 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:265 



nitan : to lead 
anTtan : to bring 



Nei 3 



Neia 



see root : Ne 1 
see root: Nei 2 



32! 



Nek1 Neks 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:762 



~X 



Nek 1 : to destroy 



Sanskrit ffl POK:762; BQT:1471; HRN:285 



fiasa : to disappear 
pra-naca : to be finished 
pra-nac : absent, absent minded 



Persian ffl HRN:182; BQT:1471 



famas : dumb, crazy 



Onsorf Balxf 



l**tf 



iUJlj <w 



5? 






Avestan 

03 POK:762; KLN:1059; SYN:290; KNT:192 



nasayeti, nashta: disappear 

naSU, naS 1 : corpse, decayed body 
naSU-paka : corpse burner'^' Pskw 



Pahlavi 
03 SNS:272 



nasa, nasay: 

corpse 



Persian 03 BQT:2136; MON:4714 



nasa : corpse, corruption V*J 



Jj )JjU > 



Zartosht-Nameh 



4^ 



^ 



Old Persian 

03 KNT:192,193 



nath : perish 
Vi-nath : injure, 
harm^'wi 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:1836; SNS:282; MAG:186 



vinas, vinah, gunah : destruction, £ 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:1836 






gonah : sin t\£ 



Arabic 03 VDQ:38; MAG:186 



Jonah : 



W 



W 



Latin 03ahd 



nOCere 2 : to harm 
nOXa : injury 



^ 



Greek 03ahd 



nek-tar : death overcoming drink^Tev 1 



Persian 03 mon:1243,1245 



Jonah : 



( <toi? ) T W» 



English 



nuisance, innocent 
noxious, obnoxious 



English 



nectar, nectarine 



Nek 2 



see root. 



Neku 



Sanskrit 03 hrn:238 



Neks: 



to pierce 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:2228; HUB:104 



nes : sting 
nes-tar : a sharp, 
pointed too^ Der 1 



Persian 03 BQT:2228; SYN:565 



i/*S> 



n\S: sting 

nTstar : a sharp tool, tooth 

Ferdowst 'j\ A tj^i J*o ^jjj } ;IJ - ;l 5 (jy? y**~£ 3 •"> J'^ 3 r* 






327 



Neku Nekwt 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:316; kln:524 



~X 



Neku, Nokut, Nek 2, Nk, Enek, Enk:to reach, 



Avestan 

03 KLN:524; SYN:707; BRT:1067 



naS 2 : to attain, reach 
nas : to carry 
nasaiti : he reaches 
fra-nas : to tang ®" Par 1 
asnaoti : he arrives at 
asa 2 : parcel, shipment 



W 



W 

L 
^ 



Old Persian 03 tzf:62 



as 2, asa : to arrive, come 
It is not certain if these words 
belong to this family of words. 



Persian 03 tzf:62 



aSldan : to arrive, come /\»L**u I 

Fakhr Gorganf 



Germanic 03 ahd 



ga-noga : not little, sufficient 



English 03 kln:524 
enough 



Germanic 03 ahd 



bher-nk : to arrive carrying (something), bring Bbev 1 



English 



bring 



Nekw 



Nekwt 



see root: Noktis 
see root: Noktis 



32S 



Nem 1 Nemata 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:763 
NeiTI 1 : to assign, take 



~~\ 



Avestan 

03 POK:763; KLN:1048 



nemah 1 : loan, 

what is given 
back, a prayer 



Pahlavi 03 brt:1070 



namac : prayer 
BQT:2167, POK:764 and SYN:544 
derive this word from Old Persian 
"nam: to bow in respect". See "Nem 2" 



Persian 03 bqt:1070 



namaz : prayer jt^J 



V 



w 



Greek 03ahd 



nomOS : law 



I 



Arabic 

03 BQT:2106; MON:4629 



namUS : law, rules 



Persian 



namUS : rules, dignity, family 



i/yls 



Latin 03ahd 



numerUS : a portion, a number 



English 03 ahd 



-nomy, economy, astronomy 






Italian 



Arabic 03 M0N:4815 



nomreh 



Persian 03 M0N:4815 



nomreh : number 



( Ol j*)j ) o j*)j 



French 03 ahd 



nombre 



English 03 ahd 



number, numerous 



Wl 



Different Languages 03 ahd 



^ 



English 03 ahd 
numb, nomad 



Indo-European 03 pok:764 



A 



NGITI £ : to bend, bow in respect, 
also brush wood and twigs 



W 



^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:764; WLD2:234; SYN:544 



nam : to bend, bow 
nemah 2 : bowing in respect 
namaiti : bends 

fra-namaiti, apa-namaiti 
nemata 1 : twigs 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:2167 



namac : bowing, prayer 
BRT:1070 derives it from 
Avestan "nemah: what one 
owes." See root "Nem 1". 



Persian 03 BQT:2167; FSF:328 



namaz : prayer 






Ferdowsf 



Avestan ffl nyb:135 



~X 



Nemata 2, Nimata 



: straw, grass 






Pahlavi 03 NYB:135; HRN:233 


namat : felt rug or cloth 






Sogdian 03 SOD:240 




nmt:fe/( 





Persian 03 BQT:2169; KLN:1026 



namad : a thick felt cloth 



■Lh> 



325 



Nembh | Neptis 



Nembh 



Nena 



see root: Nebh 
see root: Nana 



A 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:764; ieC:836 



Nep6t: grandson 

NeptiS : grand daughtei 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 KLN:1039; POK:764; KNT:193; MFL:102; IEC:836 



napat, napa : grandson 
naptis : grand daughter 



W 



Pahlavi 03 phd:57 



nab : grandchild 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 KLN:1039; POK:764 



nepOS : grandson 



Old French 03 ahd 



neveu : nephew 



Persian 

03 BQT:21 17,2208; HRN:234; IEC:836; MON 



naveh : grandchild ay 

nabas : daughter's child ( <U„J ) y**j 



Amfr Khosrow 



English 



nephew, niece 



Neptis 



see root: Nepot 



330 



Ner1 Ner1 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:765 
NOP 1 : vital energy, man 



^\ 



Avestan 03 POK:765; SYN:81; HRN:238 



nar, nairya : man, male 
nake-manaw : manly mannered^ Men 1 
nairyava : manliness, strength 



Persian 03 BQT:1796,2126,2132,2225 


nar : male 


y 


Nanman : "like a man", a male name 


d^ij 


niru : strength 


iT* 5 






Avestan 03 pok:765 



naif! : female, lady, woman 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:264 



nayfig : (pious) woman 



Avestan 03 pok:765 



hu-nara : good virtue, sM/^Su 1 



Persian 03 bqt:2381 



honar : skill, virtue, art 



r* 



Greek 03 ahd; kln:47 



a-ner, andros : man 

a\ex-ar\dms : protector of men^ Mak 
philo-anthropOS :fond of people^ Bhili 



W|Syriac 03 \ 



English 03 ahd 



android 

Alexander, Andrew 
philanthropy 



Arabic 03vdQ:108 



EdrTs : name 
of a prophet 



Persian 03 MON5:109 



EdrTs : a prophet J-iJ^i 



V* 



^ 



Arabic 



Eskander : Alexander 



Persian UJ M0N5:144 



Eskandar jjj,Sw»l 



331 



Ner 2 Nes 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:975; kln:1028 



~X 



Ner 2, Nerq, Sner, Snerq 



to turn twist 



Greek 03 POK:975; KLN:1028; SKT:344; PRT:427 



narke : cramp, numbness 
narkisSOS : a beautiful flower plant known 
for the seductive properties of its flowers 



WPahlavi 03 bqt:2129 



narkis : 



narcissus 



Persian 03 bqt:2129 



nargeS : narcissus ^5 j 

nargeseh : star, sky &J$ i 

nargesT : a food ^o i 

A'mfd Lobakf 



W | Latin 03 kln:1028 \ >- 

v 
' ' ^ | French | ► 

M 



English 03 ahd:872 
narcissus 



English 



narcotics 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Snarwa : cord, trap 
narwa : narrow 



English 



snare, narrow 



Nerq 



see root: Ner 2 






Indo-European 03 pok:766 



A 



NGS 1 : to join, reunite, return, be safe 



Avestan ffl pok:766 



asta 2 : home, residence 



Greek ffl pok:766 



naOS : temple, sanctuary 



W 



Syriac 

03 MON:4649 



naUSa : grave, 
cemetery 



Arabic 03 mon:4649 



naVUS : tomb, 
underground 
cemetery 



Persian 


UJ MON:4649; BQT:2086 


navus 

temple, 


cemetery, 
church 


^\i , ^\i , ^b 




d^i 


L«XJ>- j Uj-> j ij"/) f <-"~i 


Khaqanf 


,_j)y>- 


g t\ Jwi 3 ^33w 3 ou ^r^. 






Greek 03 ahd 



nOStOS : a return home 



English 03 ahd 



nostalgia 



Germanic 03 ahd 



naS-ja : food for journey 



English 03 ahd 



harness 



Nes 2 



see root. 



Ne2 



332 



Neu Newn 



Indo-European 03 pok:767 
NeU : to cry 



"~X 



W 



^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:77 



nard : to cry 



Persian 03 ffd:77 



nalTdan : to moan ( Jte ( i]\j ) AxJb 

HUB:103 derives "nalfdan" from Sanskrit "nard: to cry". 



Sanskrit 03 pok:767 



nav, navate, nauti : 

to cry 



Persian UJ HRN:149,236; BQT:2209; MON:4859 



nOVtdan : to cry i)M& 

Zenudan : to cry, moan ( Ajyj , ^Ajjyj ) (j^yj 

Labfbr JjyM j>&JkJ> i J»\ <UU jl <0 _ Jjy ^L> ^\±i < r J^ ^l Jj> ^J^'j 



w 

^ 



Latin 03 pok; ahd 



nuntium: 



English 



announce, pronounce 



Neudh 



see root: Sneudh 



Indo-European 03 pok:318 



Newn : 






Avestan 03 pok:318 



nava 1 , nauma : nine 

navaiti : ninety 

nava-dasa : nineteen ^Dekm 



Old Persian 03 bqt:2210 



navama : ninth 



Germanic 03 ahd 



niWUm : nine 



Latin 03 ahd 



nOVem : nine, ninth month 

nona : ninth hour after sunrise (noon) 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:2210 



~x 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:2195 


' 




noh : nine 43 



English 



nine, ninety, nineteen 



English 



November 
noon 



333 



Newo Newo 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:769,770; AHD:1531 



~x 



NeWO : new 

N U : new time, now 



Avestan 03 POK:769,770; KLN:1059; KNT:194; IEC:854 



nava 2 : new 

nu, nurem: now 



Persian UJ BQT:2173; HRN:236 



nOW : new 

aknun, knun: now 






,^ 



V* 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:4859 



nTved : good r, 



Persian 03 IEC:842; MON:4859 



nOVtd : good r, 



■H? 3 



XyM j oU> j jfyj* <0 CUjlii j ?C& Jjy - Xww) oLJOo jfwaXfl CU>I j <6 w 



Sogdian ffl sod:246 






Old Persian 03 pok:770; knt:194 



nuram: now 



Germanic 03ahd:1531 



neuja : new, now 



Greek 03ahd 



Latin 03ahd 



nOVUS : new 



English 



new, now 



English 



neo-, neon 



English 



nova, novel, novice 
innovate, renovate 



334 



NT 1 Nimata 



W 



Indo-European ffl kln:1042 
Nil: down, below 



Avestan / Old Persian ffl kln:1042 



ni 1 : down 



w 



w 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 BQT:2134,2145,2147,2201; POK:884 



ni-jan : put down, sad 1 * Gwhsn 2 

ni-had, ni-shidhaiti : to sit down ®"ssd 

ni-XSVaepa : down slope ^Xshvaspa 
ni-pais : write down ^Psig 
ni-part : fight down®" Par 3 
ni-Vart : roll down®" War 2 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:235,454; BQT:2211; HRN:238 



ni-da: to lay down, hide^Dhel 

ni-gaosa : to listen ®"0us 1 

ni-gama : (place for) inserting down ^Gwa 

ni-kasa:/ook®"Kwsk 

ni-aZ : that which pushes you down, need 
^Angh 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 BQT:2171; HRN:233 



m-ma : measure down, show Me 
nT-gaona : downward^" Gsu 1 



W 



Avestan 03 SOD:237,244,252 



ni-gerepta : pressed down ^Ghrebh 
ni-yastaya : to settle down establish^" Sta 
ni-paidhya : to lie down (step down) *" Pad? 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1042 



nith : below 

nist : place to sit down, nest 



~~\ 



Persian 03 bqt 



nazand : sad, put down Jj'U 

nesastan : to sit down ( _Ji3 ( • fa ^£i ) • JUJij 

naSID : down slope u-wji3 

nevestan : to write down y-""V 

nabard : fight .> „j 

navardidan : to mil ( $ ^ ) ^jj ^ ^ 



h 


Persian 






nahadan : to lay down 


<oW>) CPW> 




niUSldan : to listen 


[1»LmW6bO 




mam : sheath 


fLj 




negah : look 


«lSj 




ntaz : need 


j^ 5 




J»y Cj Ju- ^ 3 (V )' J*y£ J*$& J*y M 




Hafez ' 


jA— w ' J^_w vj V 



Persian 03 mon:4812 



nemudan : to display \i y,i 

nemaTdan : to represent AXoUi 

(jvlai 1 oJJoU5 , JiJloi 1 U5 

negun : downward (^y\jj^i , jLiyi ) ^yi 



English 



beneath, underneath 
nest 



Ni 2 



NT 3 



Nimata 



see root, 
see root, 
see root. 



Nei 1 
Nei2 
Nemata 2 



335 



Nimbu Nis 



Sanskrit / Malaysian 03 skt:295; hjb:514 
NTlTl b U , L\mU : lemon, lime 



W 



Persian ffl BQT:1922; MON:3671 



ITmU : lemon, lime 



yj-J 



r 


Turkish 


► — 


limon 




^ 






Arabic 






ITmah 






\ 






^» 


•Spanish 




lima 



French 03vop:319 



limon, limonad 



I 



French 



^ 



English 

03 KLN:890; AHD:758 



lime : a citrus fruit 



~~\ 



h 


Persian B3vop:319 


' 




ITmonad : lemonade JlbwsJ 



English 03 KLN:878; AHD:748 



lemon, lemonade 



Persian UJ V0P:314 



laym : a drink 



ri* 



Indo-European 03 kln:1049 

Nis 



W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:193; kln:1049; dza:57 !► 



niS, nij:away, off out 
nis-bar : to carry out^ Bhsr 



W 



Sanskrit 03 AHD:889; KLN:1049 



nir-Vanah : blowing out, extinction^ We 1 



v» 



^ 



Persian ffl mon:4882 



English P3AHD:889 



nirvana : extinction of soul by absorption wU wj 

into the Supreme Being 



Nirvana : extinction of soul by absorption into the Supreme Being 



336 



Nitiru Nobh 



Akkadian 03akd:61 



~X 



Nitiru : 



natron; carbonate of soda 



W 



Hebrew 

03 AKD:61; KLN:1031 



nither, nether: 

natron 



Greek 

03 KLN:1049 



natron 



Arabic 

03 KLN:1031 



natrun 



Persian 03 mon:4745 



natrun : sodium 



OX 



Jai 



W 



Spanish 03 kln:1031 



natron 



English 



natron 



W 



Latin 03 kln:1049 



nitrum : natron 

natrium : sodium 



w 



French 03 kln 



nitre : nitrate 
of potassium 



Persian 03 mon:4880 



nitric : nitric 
nitrat : nitrate 
nitrogen : nitrogen 



I ^X> > 






^ 



^ 



English 03 ahd; kln 



nitre, nitrate, nitric, nitrogen, nitroglycerine 



Nk 



see root. 



Neku 



Indo-European 03 pok:314 



Nobh, Ombh, Mbh: 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:314 



naf, nafah, nafa, naf6:r 



Sanskrit 03 SNS:258; POK:314 



nabh, nabhi : nave, family, race 



h 


Persian 03 KLN:1032; HRN:228; BQT:2100 






naf : nave 3b 
nafeh : musk bag 43b 



Germanic 03 ahd 



nabo 



Latin 03 ahd 



umbilicus: 



English 



nave, navel, auger 



English 



umbilicus 



337 



Nog | Nogh 



W 



Indo-European 03 IEC:848, 1236 



~X 



N6g, Sndg : whim, triviality, fancy 



Old Iranian 03 ffd:77 



naZ : happiness, pride 



W 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:77 



naZ : to be happy, mince 
naCUk : delicate 



Persian 03 FFD:77; HRN:228 



naZ : affected manners, pride 
naZOk : thin, delicate 



j*Ofl '£)£■ (jy% jXi <0 *!&]£ <0 lj} jU 



v* 

^ 



Greek 03 IEC:848,1236 



nogla : snacks 



Latin 03 IEC:848,1236 



nugae, nogae: trifles 



Indo-European 03 pok:780 

Nogh, Onogh, ■ 



~X 



W 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 

03 POK:780; SNS:258 



nakha, naxa: 



Pahlavi 

03 SNS:258; HRN:228 



naxun : nail 



Persian 

03 POK:780; BQT:2089; SYN:245; KLN:1028 



naxon : nan 



Cr^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 
nagla : nan 



English 
nail 



338 



Nogw | Nokut 



Indo-European 03 pok:769 
NogW : naked 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 POK:769; KLN:1026; SYN:325 



magna : naked 

See "Bunai: naked" for another possible root 



Pahlavi 03 ISS:256 



brahnak : naked 



Persian 03 ISS:256; MON:517 



berehneh : naked 

See "Bunai: naked" for 
another possible root. 



&&j> 



Germanic 03 ahd 


nakw-eda 






Latin 03 ahd 


fc 


' 


nUfJUS : naked 





English 



naked 



English 



nude 



Indo-European 03 IEC:364 



Gumnos, Gunos 



beautiful, naked 



r 



^ 

L 



Latin 03 IEC:364 



VinnUS : wanton 



Persian 


UJ IEC:364 


; MON:4760 








na-gam : not beautiful, ugly^ Ne 1 
Naser-Khosrow | * .£_aIjL5 


3 Oj y> ^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



gumnOS : naked 
gumnazein : to train naked 



French 



Persian UJ mon:1779 



Zimnasttk : gymnastics lXnL*»U*>j 



^ 



^ 



English 



gymnasium, gymnastics, gym 



Indo-European 03 POK:762; AHD:1530; IEC:850; SYN:992 

Noktis, Nekw, Nekwt,™:; 



A 



V 



Old Persian 03 IEC:850 



naktin : night 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:850; KLN:1047 



naktih : night 
naktam : at night 



Germanic 03 pok:762 



naht : night 



English 03 KLN:1047; ahd 



night, nightingale 



Latin 03 pok:762 



nOX, nOChl: night 
nOCtua : night owl 



English 03 ahd 



nocti-, nocturnal 
noctule 



Greek 03 pok:762 



nUX, nukti : night 



English 03 ahd 



nyctalopia 



Nokut 



see root. 



Neku 



339 



Nomn Nu 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:321 

Nomn, Enomri: I™ 



~X 



Avestan 03 POK:321; KNT:193 



nama, naman : name 

dus-naman: dad name ®"Dus 



Persian 03 BQT:2106; HRN:229 



nam : name 
dosnam : a curse 
nameh : letter, book 



f b 






Old Persian 03 knt:193 



naman : name 



Germanic 03 ahd 



English 



Latin 03 ahd 



English 



noun, nominal, nominate, denominate, pronoun, nomenclature 



Greek 03 ahd 



Onoma : name 



English 



synonym, antonym, anonymous 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1645 
N6r, AriOT : watery, juicy 



A 






Pahlavi 03 I EC: 1645 



anar : pomegranate 



Armenian 03 I EC: 1645 



num, nran:pomegranafe 



Persian ffl MON:4557; IEC:1645 


anar : pomegranate 


< jb > p 


Ferdowsr Jj^l jU^> O^jJ (JlJ> 


-Jij^l juol U Jlyijjli 


SKT:360 links this word to Sanskrit "Naranga 


orange tree" 



Nu 



see root: Newo 



340 



w 



Semitic 03 kln:982 



N . W. T : to shine, light up 



Arabic 03 KLN:963,982 



mir: light 

nar : fire 

manareh : candlestick, lighthouse, minaret 



V k 



W 
^ 



Hebrew 03 kln:963 



menorah : candlestick 
ab-ner : my father is light^ Ab 2 



N.w.r | Nyaka 



~X 



h 


Persian 03 MON; SAP:1734; FVA:418 


' 




nUT: light (jy\, jljjl) jy 

manar : minaret ( ojUjo ) jUja 
nar : fire M 



English 03 kln:982 



minaret 



English 



menorah, Abner 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 syn:110; knt:194 



Nyaka, Nyaka : grand parent 



w 



~x 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:2221; UNV:52 



niyak, niyakan : grandparents 



Persian 03 BQT:2221; HRN:238 



niya : ancestor 



•tfl>. 



yovHyy-^ 1 ? yy /<;<"- yo* 



'A 



'jU LJ |W> ) 5 O ,'r^t 



^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:16 



^ 



apa-nyaka : great grandfather, ancestor'^' Apo 



Nyaka 



see root: Nyaka 



341 



Obhi Okto 



o 



Obhi 



see root: Ambhi 



Indo-European 03wld1:167 

Oies -.poie 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 SYN:496; BRT:32 


► — 


Persian 03 HRN:114; BQT:803; MON:1465 


aesa 2 : pole, plow shaft 


XIS 2 : plow or wagon pole ' i*>&> < y**S> 
xTskai": farmer ' jl$JSjJ>- < jl$JSwJ>- 
Fsrdowst j\$ i_J» fij-f (US jSjIy _ jlji>J-p JjJJI *-*! «t> [US 







Oi-no 



see root: 1 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:775 



Okto 



: e/g/7f 






Sanskrit 03 DVS:130 



astau : eight 



^\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:775; kln:504; gpl:41 


h 


Persian 03 bqt:2238 
hast : eight cJiA 




asta 3 : eight 

asta-dasa : s/g/jtesn t **Dekm 

astati, astaiti : e/ghfy 



Germanic 03 ahd 


fc fc 


English 

eight, eighteen, eighty 




ahto 



Greek 03 ahd 


► 


French 


h 


Persian 03 mon:164 




Okto : eight 

0kt6-p0US : eight legged^ Pad 


octopode 













Latin 03 ahd 


fc fc 


English 

October, octagon, octave 




octo 



342 



Oku Olena 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:775 



~X 



OkU: 



Avestan 03 pok:775 



asya : faster 
aS-istO : fastest^ Isto 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:71; SOD:10 



ahiik 1, ahiig: a fast running 
animal, deer 



Persian 03 mon:109 



ahlJ 1 : deer \ , 



W 



Sogdian 03 SOD:10 



as'wk' : deer, gazelle 



^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 BRT:458 



karsi-ptan : swil f/y/ng®" Pat 1 
Compare with Latin "acu-pedius" 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:191 



karsift: a fast 6/rcf 



Persian 

03 BQT:1652; MON:2988; HRN:191 



kasak : a bird, I 



"'e Sj6 



W I Latin 03 AHD; POK:775,826 



acu : swift 

aCU-pediuS, aCCi-piter : fast flying (bird), fa/con®" Pat 1 



English 03ahd:9 



aCCipiter:ahau* 



w 



Greek 

03 FSD:1707? 



6kys : swift 



Greek 

03 FSD:1707; TAD:5 



6keanOS : swift, ocean 
KNT:164 derives this word from 
Greek "Keanos:lying, siting". 
See Root "Keanos". 



Arabic 03 tad:5 



OqyanUS : ocean 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:327 



OqyanUS : ocean .fyUI 



W 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:909 



OCeanUS : ocean 



English 03 ahd 



Indo-European 03 pok:775 
L/KW : eye, to see 



A 



W 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:775 



as I, aXSI: eyes 

aiwi-aXSi : to oversee ^Ambhi 



Pahlavi 



ni-as, niS:to ivafch 



Persian 03 bqt:2143 



nesan : a mark, 
sign, medallion 






Germanic 03 ah d : 1 467 



augon : eye 

Vind-auga:w/ndeye (opening) ** We 1 



English 



eye 
window 



Greek 03 ahd 



OpSIS : sight 



English 03 ahd 



optic, autopsy, synopsis 



Ol 1 



OI2 



Olena 



see root : Al 1 
see root: Ul 
see root: El 3 



343 



Ombh | Opi 



Ombh 



Ombhro 



see root: Nobh 
see root: Nebh 



Indo-European 03 pok:778 



A 



Ome : 



to move with energy 



<+ 



W 



Avestan ffl POK:778; SYN:298 



ama : strength, attack (injury) force 
ama-yava : injury, annoyance, grief 
arsa-ama : with power of a bear^Rktho 



Persian UJ bqt:31 



AfSam : "strong as a bear", 
a male name 



((-Us/) fiA, 



^ 



Sogdian 03 SQD:e 



am n : power, force, strength 



Ono 



Onogh 



see root: An 2 
see root: Nogh 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:780 



L/p : work, produce in abundance 



Avestan 03 pok:780 



hu-apah, hv-apah : good wo*®"su 1 

afnah : possessions 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:436 



XWp : good 



V 



Germanic 03 ahd 



oft : frequently 



^►l Latin 03/ 



OpUS : work 

OptimUS : with most production or possessions 

CO-Op : plenty 

OptlO : choice (from abundance) 

Opi-facium : work to be done, dufy^Dhs 2 



Wl 



French 



^ 



~X 



Persian 03hrn:111 



XLjb : good, nice 



Uj> 



English 



often 




Persian UJ mon 



Jf^ ' U' 



Opi 



see root. 



Epi 



344 



Opop | 6s 



Indo-European 03 pok:325 
OpOp : a bird sound 



~~\ 



Persian 03 POK:325; BQT:424; IRT:46 



pupil : a bird with tall crown and long beak (<U V < ^S^eS) a^a^ 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 POK:424; AHD:633 



upupa 



English 



hoopoe 



Or 



see root: Er 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:782 



A 



Org hi -.testicle 






Avestan 03 POK:782; KLN:1092; SYN:257 



erezi, arazi : fesfc/es 



Greek 03 pok:782 



OrXIS : orchid flower 
named after its 
testicle-shaped root 



Latin 



orchis 



French 



h 


Persian 






Orkldeh : orchid e±£s\ 



*— English 03 AHD:924; KLN:1092 



^ 



orchid 



Os 



see root: Ous 2 



345 



Ost Ous 1 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:783 



~X 



Ost : bone 
See the note under root "Kostrib bone" 



Avestan 

03 SYN:207; POK:783; KLN:1099 



ast, aSCU : bone 
aSCa : shin bone 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:124; HRN:20 



astag, astak: bone 

astUXan : bone 



Persian UJ mon 


ast 2 : bone 


V .. I 


OStOXan : bone 


q\&£>&**>\ 


hasteh : core 


C#*& 


XastU : core 


^ 






Old Persian 03 tzf:26 



ast : bone 



Sogdian 03 S0D:67 



'stk: bone 



Latin 03ahd 



OS 1 : bone 



English 



os, ossify 



^ 



Greek 03ahd 



Osteon : bone 
OStreon : oystei 



English 



osteo- , oyster 



Indo-European 03 POK:78,785; KLN:126,494 



~x 



OUS 1, AU 1, AUS 1 :e 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:78; HRN:8; KLN:126 



aVIS, aVISiya : heard, 

known, clear 



Persian 



askar:c/ear, c 



j\SS\ 



Avestan 03 pok:785 



USI : two ears, intelligence, mortal life 
USi-data : intelligent^' D6 2 



Persian 03 pok:785 



hlUS 1 : intelligence ' l^'A 

Uusyar : intelligent jL&Jfc 



Avestan 03 BQT:178; FSF:51 



an-aOSa : without a mortal life 



w 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:178 



anOSak : eternal life 

anosak-ruvan : with 

eternal spirit 



Persian ffl BQT:178; FSF:51 


anUSeh : eternal, happiness, wine 




Oyl 


AnOSiravan : "with eternal spirit" 




ob.wM 


jUj4^ ijjl <0 


^l wo c-i£ 3X3 


Ferdowsf j0 j« j J1&.J 


[> 


(£Jj 4_Jjyl 



^ 



^ 



Persian UJ ARM:206; HRN:30 



nUS : drink (for eternal life) 
r\USm : sweet drink 
nUSldan : to drink 






34! 



Ous 1 Ous 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:78,785; KLN:126,494 
OUS 1, AU 1, AUS 1 -.ear 



PART 2 



"~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Indo-European 

03 POK:457 



GPlOSh: ear 

Derivation from this 
root is not certain. 



r 



W | Greek 03/ 



Avestan 

03 POK:457; BQT:1858 



gaOSa : ear 

gaOSa-Vare : carried by trie ear 
^Bher 1 



Persian 



gUS:ear 
gUSVareh : earrings 






W 



Avestan 03 pok:454 



ni-gaOSa : to listen 



Persian 03 BQT:2239; MON:4746 



nTusTdan : to listen ( ijiyi ) AXw&aJ 

nagusidan : to listen (ejiyo) ^xJiyo 

Ferdowst JZjb yS (JlaXJjl) Am\ jX) 



V* 



Pahlavi ffl etm:71 



ni-gOSag : one who listens, referred to the followers of 
the Mam religion. It was later used to mean a "non-Moslem" 



^ 



Persian 03 ETM:71; MON:4746 



naghusa : ( Jbjw ) Uyu 

The followers of Mam religion 



Daqfqf 






W I Germanic B3ahd I*- 



English 



English 



anesthesia 



w 
^ 



Latin 03ahd 



audire : to hear 



English 



audio, audience, audit, obey 



347 



Ous 2 | Ozgho 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:784 



~X 



OUS 2, OS, AUS 3 : mouth, lip 



Avestan 

03 POK:785; SYN:228; KLN:1091; BQT:1049 



ah : mouth 

aosta, aostra : up 

UZ-ah, Za 2 : push out of opening, 

give birth^" Ud 1 
Za-dhana : child holder, wom(j c *"Dh82 
Za-ap : spring, river'^' Ab 1 



Persian 03 MON:1763; IRN:108 



Zeh 2 : to give birth ( ^XJt\ j , {)i~Aj ) ' oj 

zehdan : womb o'-^j 

Zahab : river, spring ( u*>l j ) u*>U& j 

•^V ^ L?i j' J^ "^ J^ P^ ^ f J^ 



W 



^ 



Latin 03 AHD:929; kln 



OS 2, 6r -.mouth, face 
OSClllum : a face mask fjung from a free 
to swing(oscillate) in the wind 



English 



oral, orifice, oscillate; usher 



Ow 


i 


Owo 


~~i 


Owyo 


~~i 


Ozdo 


~~i 



see root: Aw 

see root: Aw 

see root: Aw 

see root: Ozgho 



Indo-European 03 pok:786 



~X 



OzgPlO, OzdO : branch, bud, offspring 






Pahlavi 03 POK:786; IEC:863 



azg : branch, offspring 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:863 



adgah : sfaft 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:114,115; IEC:863; MON:218 


' 




azg : branch, shoot ^ S)\ , f )\ t ? M < fjl 
azm : child (>j| 



Old Norse 03ahd:910 



Oudi : bud, point, triangle, 
third or any odd number 



English 



odd 



34S 



Pa Pa 



P 



^ 



Indo-European 

03 POK:787,842; SYN:103; KAS:10 



r3 : to protect, to feed 

r3"lGr : protector, feeder (of the family), 

father^" Ter 3 
Poti, Potil: protector, 
husband, power, also self 
This has probably started as a nursery word 
and became a usual term in the Indo-European 
languages. Compare with the root "Baba". 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 HRN:41,72; KLN:114; AHD:1532 



pa 1 : to guard 



<, 



4-Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:842; HRN:41; KLN:144,157; AHD:1532 



paiti 1, patiy, pavan, pana: master, 

protector 
pathra: protection 
fsu-paiti : cattle protector, 

shepherd^ Pek 
paiti-XSathra : protecting king cr Ksei 1 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:842; SNS:267 



PART 1 



A 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Persian 

03 BQT:358,1069; KLN:169; FSF:335; TZF:21 



payidan : to watch <^, r J^.&ty ^±Jb f 

ban : a suffix meaning protector ' \\i _ 

paludan : not to contaminate, clean /o &J u 

< r J^ <Ui> *-~Jj A oJj» QZ ?p* ^l^w 
Hafez j>j| j\3 jl <Ubjjl y> «ijj £j\ ji X> 



XVae-pati, XVae-paithya : one's own se/f®°"Seu 1 
"pati, paithya" means self or own in this combination 



Persian 03 POK:842; SNS:267 



XIS 1 : self 



^■f- 



V 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 hrn:72 



athur-pat-gan : fire protector 1 ^ Ater 
pa-nah : protecting help, 

shelter^ Na 2 
paiti-dama : (jodyprotecfron^Dhe 2 



Persian UJ BQT:418 


Azarbayjan : A city in Iran 


I^UJoljji I 


panah : shelter 


«b s 


panam : mouth guard used by Zoroastrians 


f b , 



w 



Pahlavi ffl irn:119 



6-pat-an : city with protected waterways 

^Abl 
arta-pan : protector of jusfce^^Ar 



Persian 03 IRN:119; BQT:98,101 



Abadan : a port city at Persian Gulf l}'^ ' 

Afdavan : "protector of justice" i")^ ^ 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 POK:829; SYN:104 



pitar : fafter 



Persian 



pedar : fafter ,Jj 



345 



w 



Pa | Pak 

Indo-European 

ffl POK:787,842; SYN:103; KAS:10 



r3 : to protect, to feed 

r3"tGr : protector, feeder (of the family), 

father^ Ter 3 
Poti, PotJS: protector, 
husband, power, also self 
This has probably started as a nursery word 
and became a usual term in the Indo-European 
languages. Compare with the root "Baba". 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:202 



pap, Papak : father. Suffix -k 

indicates respect and love. 
BQT claims these are cognates with 
Latin "papa" but does not give details. 



Persian 03 BQT:202; HRN:34; NYB:150; MON:428; AEF:197 



bab 1 : father (J&fo , J^j ( jjlj ( Ijlj ) ^ y lj 

Ferdowsf 

The words "bab" and "babu" as a title of respect may be from a 
different root and mixed up with "baba:father" See root "Baba". 



W 



^ 



W 



Germanic 03 ahd 



f6d -.food 

fadar : feeder, father 



English 03 AHD; DVS:142 

food, feed, fur 
father, pattern 



Latin 03 POK:847; ahd 



potere (potis) : to be able 
pascere : to feed 
pater : feeder, father 



English 03 AHD; DVS:142 



potent, potential, power, possible, possess 

pasture, pantry, company 

paternal, patronage 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



pater, pappas 



English 03 AHD; DVS:142 

patriot, Pope, papa 



Pag 



Pais 



Paita 



see root: Pak 
see root: Pis 
see root: Pele 



Indo-European 03 pok:787 
Pak, Pag: to fasten 



~x 



w 



Avestan 03 POK:787; KI_N:1110 



pas : to fie, fetter 



^ I Latin 03 kln; ahd 



^ 



pangere : to fasten 

pacTcT : to agree 

palus : stick, pole 

pagUS : boundary staked out on ground 

pr6-pages : offspring 



English 03 ahd 



pact, compact 

peace, pace, Pacific, pacify 

pole, palette 

peasant 

propagate 



350 



Pambak Parni 



W 



Iranian 03 syn:402 



~X 



Pambak, Bambak: 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:419; MON:814 



panbak, pambak: 

cotton 



Persian 03 BQT:419; MON:814 



panbeh : cotton, to have cotton in ears means to be ignorant 4^J^> 



W 



Greek 03 kln:185 



bombax : silk c 



W 



W 
^ 



Aramaic 03 syn:402 



bambak : cotton 



Latin 

03 KLN:185 



bombyx 



French 



W 



English 03 kln:185 



bombast, bombazine: soft padding 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:789 

ParTka : 



~X 



sweet heart, fairy 



Avestan ffl POK:789; KLN:1115 



pairika : beautiful woman 

AEF:375 has a discussion on the original 

meanings of "pairika" as a seducer. 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 POK:789; KLN:1115 



parik : fairy 



Persian 03 POK:789; KLN:1115; HRN:69; BQT:396,864 



pan : fairy; beautiful woman 



oSw* j&$<A< ^Ha< ^ 



V 



English 03 KLN:1158; SKT:384 
Peri : fairy 



Wl 



Semitic 



Arabic ffl kln:1115 



BilqTs : queen of Saba (Saba) 
KLN links this word to the 
other words in the chart but 
does not provide details. 



Persian ffl MON5:277 



BelqiS : queen of Saba y^>Mji 

Molavf \_S (j\ JiUwj3 j* OW^ jt 






Greek 03kln:1115 



pallas : maiden 

Pallas : a Greek goddess protecting Troy 



Latin 03kln:1115 



English 03kln:1115 



palladium : a metallic 
element 



Parni 



see root. 



Parth 



351 



Parsa Partia 



Old Persian 03 knt:196 



~X 



r 3TS3 : name of an Aryan (Indo-European) tribe who migrated south 
to Persia (Iran) about 4000 years ago. Also name of a province 
south of the Persian Empire 



Persian 03 BQT; MON5:322; IRN:63 


Pars, FarS: Persia 


^j\$ 4 ^ ^ 


Pasargad : home of the Pars people 


JiO *Uw)U i JiO jUwu 


Pasargad was also name of an early Iranian 


tribe. 



w 



Greek 
03 SYN:377 



perSIS : Persia 



Latin 



perSIS : Persia, Persian 

malus persica : Persian apple (peach) 



English Q3ahd:963 



Persia, peach 



W 



^ 



French 03vop:120 



peches : peach 

peches melba : peach ice cream 



Persian UJvop:120 



pesmelba : a fancy 
peach ice cream 






Old Persian 03 knt:196 



~X 



rSrtn, rSmi : the name of a tribe in Khorasan who rose 

to power and pushed the Greeks out of Iran in 250 BC. 
r3rtrl3V3, r 3TII3 : the province of Parths in N.E. of the Persian Empire. 



Persian 03 bqt; mon; fsf:117 


part : an ancient Iranian dynasty 

pahloV : a Parthian, a strong and brave hero 

Ferdowst -jj j ciwii 3 JLlf ^-S j 





English 03 AHD:955; WEB:1306 



Parthia 

parting Shot : thrusts delivered in retreat as Parthian archers used to do 



W 
^ 



Latin 03ahd:952 



pertica pellis : Parthian leather 

particaminum 



Old French 



parchemin 



English 



parchment 



Parthava 



Partia 



see root: Parth 
see root: Parth 



352 



Parvan Ped 



Sanskrit 03 syn:26 



~X 



Parvan : knot 
Parvata : knotty. 



V* 



Avestan 03 SYN:26; BQT:401 



paurvata : mountain range 
paurvata-VaC : sound of mountains, 
ecfto^Wekw 



^ 



h 


Persian UJ BQT:345,399,401 


' 




paZ : rough terrain, mountain 




^ 




papaz : mountain range, rough terrain 




& 




pazvak, pezvak -.echo 




^3'A 




Jiu JilyiuO lj gJ> 


<±*vA (J M ^>' )&#* 




Khosravanf J^j ^ J^Xi) ^_> 3 C 


y> 


j— ttfl ww y I 



Parvata 



Pa-ter 



see root: Parvan 
see root: Pa 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:790 



PART 1 



A 



Ped, Pod: 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 03kln:1112 



pad, padha, pad, pada : foot, step 



W 



Persian 


03 BQT:344,367; HRN:63 












pa : foot, 


base 


< 


^, 


4^U < 
If V 


(jV 


^> k 


pay-in: 


towards the feet, down 










w.k 


pa-jameh : pants, pajamas ^Yos 












Ferdowsf 


"\j ,3c 3 ck*j y. V ' 


Jur*i 


- illwJ 


wjI WJ Jw^l 


jijl j^i; 



w 



Hindustani 

03 HJB:748 



pae-jama 



English 

03 AHD:943; KLN:1112; AID:234 



pajamas 



Persian UJ mon:868,902 



pijameh ( tj,\^ ) tA> ^ 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:790 



padika : walker 
padataka : pedestrian 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:434; NYB:147 


' 




payk : messenger lS**> 




piyadeh : pedestrian o^L) 




cu^<p fU*o yj ^uluiu Ovo (J I U> y> 




Hafez CUw<p fu ijjlii CUwtj j** 'j\ ^L> |*JsS U 



w 



w 

^ 



Sogdian 

03 SOD:270,273 



pd : foot 
pdny : heel 



Persian 03 SOD:270; FRS:173; SLW:98 



pal : heel U 

Ma'ruff 5-*JU «J»J6 Ji Jib J jiiS l5<^i - <V° *!<*) 4J-J6 I j il) J Jijo Ai^jt) 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:1166 



ped : foot 

ped-yOS : lowest, worst 



English 



dispatch, impede, pedestrian, 
pessimism, pedicure 



353 



w 



Ped | Ped 

Indo-European 03 pok:790 

Ped, Pod:fc ( 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03 AHD:1365; KLN; POK:790 



pous, peza-.foot 

kalo-podion : wooden foot, mold^ Ku 1 
0kt6-p0US : eight legged, octopus ^Okto 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1075 



kal-pad : mold, shape, body 
IEC:1049,1051 derives this word from 
Avestan "kehrp: flesh", from Indo-European 
root "Kwrp, Kwerp: shape, form body". 



Persian 03 MON:2858; IEC:1047 



Kala : manufactured good, merchandise ^w 

Assar l5-4-M l5JH j^"' « 0'-S c 

References are not very clear on the derivation paths. 



W 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:1075; MON:2859 


' 




kaleb : mold 




JK 




kalbod : body 




jJlS" 




Nezamt <i*J s—Jls •Jl Ji-J. 


j? yj* ?lJ> . 


^ V-^ tf) .P <$ y #' 3 y #' 



w 



Arabic 03 KLN:223; PLA:215 



qalib : mold 

q . I . D : to make, turn around 



Persian UJ MON:2621; FVA:337 



qaleb : moid JlS 



W 



Italian 03 kln:223 



CalibrO : mold, size 



French 



Persian 03 mon:2868 






English 



caliber 






French 



octopode 



Persian 03 mon:164 



oxtapus ^h>l 



English 



octopus, pilot, podium 



V* 



Greek 03 ah D: 1365 



tra-peza : "four-it 

table, trapezoid ^ Kwetwer 



Arabic £Q mon:1481 



dar-bezin : a seating 
area between two 
doors of a room 



tl 



Persian UJ mon:1481 



C^b'- 



darabzm : 

a seating area 

W)j |j <&J\p •&$h> 



Latin 03ahd \>- 



English 03 ahd 



trapezoid, trapeze 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



fot : foof 



English 



foot, fetch 



354 



w 



Indo-European 03 pok:792 
Peg : breast 



Sanskrit 03 ahd 



paksa : breast, wing 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



pectus : breast 



Peg | Pet 



~X 



Hindustani ffl ahd; kln:1272 



panka : a curtain used to fan a r 



I 



h 


Persian ffl mon:824 


' 




pankeh:/an 4&0 



English 03 AHD:1060; KLN:1272; FWE:233 



punka : curtain used for fanning a room 



English 03 ahd 



pectoral 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:793 



PeT 



: sap, fat 



Avestan 03hrn:81,181 



pitU, pithwa : food, fat 
fra-pithwa : fat (adjective) 
®"psr1 
dus-pithwa:(jadfa(, 

abscess Dus 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1450 



pTh : fat (noun) 
fra-pTh : fat (adjective) 



Persian 03 BQT:1450; MON:844 



pTh : fat (noun) (' <U ) to 

V "V 

farbeh : fat (adjective) 4j i 

Jy Jt>) Xm )U yc> Xp 
Nszamt jjjj <0 _4_) Xoljiti 



ji> 



ij-H 



Persian UJ BQT:852; MON:1523 



dospTh : abscess ( <U>*0 ) Oi 



Avestan 03 pok:793 



payah : milk 

paeman : mother's 
milk 



Persian UJ MON:969; BQT:449; 


3NS:141 










pTnCi : dried whey, 


sour milk 












rsi 


panTr : cheese 














t*H 


Naser-Khosrow 


rrtJ 


J 


'■*? 3 >) 0*3; ■ 


. fc> 


^bb 


<U Jj 


3 w& J* 



w 



Avestan 03 S0D:42 



angu-paena : sweef sap, 

honey Embhi 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:174 



angubin : honey 






Sogdian 03 SOD:53,109 



pt : meat 
' pt-XW' r : meat eater 

brpyg : fat 



► — 


Persian 03 bqt:174 




angabin : sweet sap, honey '.•■^Sjl 








^pb ( ^Jj! cuaS^^I 




Attar V ^Jj y v^lj )' *"" "^^ l*"** 3 j^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



faitaz : faf 



English 



fat 



Latin 03 ahd 



pinUS : a resinous tree (pine) 



English 



pine 



355 



w 



Peig | Peig 

Indo-European 03 pok:794 
Peig: to ma* 



"~X 



Avestan 

03 POK:794; SYN:1284; SNS:143 



paes, paes : to decorate, 

mark 
paesah, pistra : decorated, 

skilled 



Persian 03 BQT:440, 443; MON:904; 


HRN:80 






piseh 


black and white markings 






Wl 


pisT : a 


disease identified with markings 


on skin 




(5***» 


piseh 


skill, job skill, job 






<&»J 


Sa'dt 




cuwl Ji> <o 


j^^U 


W) Jb 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:794; syn:1284 



ni-paiS : mark down, write 1 * NT 1 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:2201; UNV:54 



nipistan : to write 
nibistan : to write 

nipek, n\beg-. book, 

written material 



Persian UJ ZFS:37; MON:4669 



nevestan : to write (V-&V 

p 

nODI : book, the holy Koran ^j 

JJiu Jin y? iSy^ 3 <^u*>y> 

Khosrovam ^ ^ JjJ> ^ r j| 






Old Persian 03 SNS:164; KNT:194 



paith : to mark, decorate 
ni-paith : mark down, write^" 'NT 1 



Latin 03ahd 



pingere : paint, picture, tattoo 



Germanic 03 ahd 



fihla : cutting tool 



English 



paint, picture, pigment 



English 



file : grinding tool 



3bt 



Pek Peku 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:797 



r©K : wool, to pluck wool 

rGKU : woolly animals, cattle, property 



Avestan 03 pok:797 



pasu, pasman: wool 

fsu : cattle 

fsu-pait : protector of cattle, shepherd^ Pa 



W 



Sogdian P3SOD:51,298 



pS : sheep 






Germanic 03 ahd 



feht : to pluck out wool, fight 



Germanic 03 ahd 



fehu '.property 

felag : partner sharing property 



Latin 03 ahd 



feudum : property, feudal state 



I 



French 



feodal 



~X 



Persian UJ POK:797; SNS:123,125 



pasm : wool Ji> 

Saban, CUpan -.shepherd 0^9^ < iA*^ 



English 



fight 



English 



fellow 



Persian 03 mon 



feodal : owner of large land 



Jbyi 



^ 



English 



feudal 



Peku 



see root. 



Pek 



357 



Pekw Pekw 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:798 
PekW : to cook 



Avestan 03 POK:798; BQT:370; SYN:336; FFD:40 



pax, pac, pacaiti : to cook 

-paka : a suffix referring to the cook. 
naSU-paka : corpse burner^" Nek 1 



I, 



(-Pahlavi 03 SNS:137; FFD:40 



pUXtag : cooked 
paZ : cook 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



COquere : to cook, ripen 

bis-COCtUS : twice cooked bread^ Dwo 



W 



French 03ahd:135 



beSCUit : a thin cracker 



I 



v* 



Arabic ffl ahd:65 



al-birC|IJC| : early ripening (plum) 



w 
^ 



~x 



Persian ffl BQT:370; AEF:195; IEC:920 



pOXtan : to cook, bake ( y i \Jj'3 ) 'J&» 

Da, Va : suffixes referring to | o _ t u _ 

the cook or how something is cooked. 

$Jj aSjI o >^> )l JJJiO UXw cJ^I 



Khaqanf 



UjyJ <Ool j^> jl 



English 



cook, cuisine, 
kiln, kitchen 



Persian 03 mon:626 



bTskuTt :6/scu* 



C^L~> 



English 



biscuit 



English 03 ahd:65 
apricot 



Greek 03ahd:1059 



peptein : to cook 

pepon : a large melon (edible only when ripe) 



French 



pompon -.pumpkin 



English 



pumpkin 



35£ 



Pel 1 Pel 1 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:799 



~X 



Pel 1, Ple : to mi 

r el U : a quantity of, a group of 



Avestan 03 pok:799 



par 1 , perana : fun 

ham-par : to fill together, store *" Sam 1 

perana-ayu : fun of //fe c8 *Aiw 



h 


Persian UJ BQT:163,264; FFD:31 


' 




por : full y 
anbar: storage ( ^lil , |>>jM ) jM 
boma: young (jj 



w 



Avestan 

03 AEF:175; BQT:180 



ava-par : m down 



Persian 03 BQT:180; AEF:175; FFD:31 



obardan : to swallow ( \$ ,(j«| ) Ai jl>l 

Obastan : to siva/tow ( -Jjilyl ) •Jj&ljl 

obaSM : a tot/g/7 or rowdy fellow, a gangster C*^T 

Fsrdowst t^y jlw Ol> ^l j> j j^oj _ (Ji jUw I j j<5 O y> jS I 



Avestan 03 pok:800 



f ra 1 , f ra 1 : plenty, 
fra-yah : more cr Yah 5 

fra-esta:mosf®"isto 



w 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:126; BQT:1479; MON:2538 



fray, freh -.plenty 

freh-est : most plenty 



Persian UJ BQT:1479; M0N:2537,2538 



fereh, fareh : plenty, good si , si 

farh-ast : too much, magic C-wJ& 3 

Abu-Nasr Marghzf 



V 



^ 



Avestan 03 pok:800 



paoiry-aenini : 

a cluster of stars 



Persian 03 BQT:395; AEF:372 



parvin : a cluster of stars ( yfi , ^ ) ^ ^ 

Ferdowst e^*wj 3 J lA^ yj^*"J 3*^ " '-"•^ 3 r* (V** )•> V L5^H ^ 



Avestan 03 KNT:196; POK:800; IEC:974 



pouru, paOUrUS : much, many 



h 


Persian ffl IEC:956,974; MON:2508 


' 




faravan : p/enfy l)'s'j^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:196; pok:800 



paru,parav : much, many 

parU-Zana : many kinds of men^ Gene 1 



Germanic 03 pok 



ful-naz : to m 



English 03 ahd 
full, to fill 



Latin 03 pok 



pla-no : mi 

pl-US : more 



English 03 ahd 



plenty, plus, manipulate 



Greek 



pol-US : many 



French 



poly- : multiple, many 



Persian 03 mon 



<^ 3 Ji ' J$ Ji 



English 03 ahd 



poly-, polygon, polygamy, polynomial 



355 



Pel 2 I Pel 3 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:804; ieC:977 



~X 



r©l £ : pale, gray 
PorkWOS : bright, clean, pure 



Avestan ffl pok:807 



pourusa, parya: 

gray, old 



Persian LLI bqt:436 



pif : old, aged, spiritual leader ^ 

Hafez cU*-o OU 3 CU**Jj o0 Jj&l jj ^i kjuJ <C jj 



W 

L 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:978 



parusah : colorful 



Persian 03 MON:653; IEC:977 



parsa : chaste ( (jLujl) ) L>jl> 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



pallere : to be pale 
falcO: gray bird 



English 03 ahd 



pale, appall 
falcon 



Indo-European 03 pok:802 
Pel 3 : dust flour 



W 



Latin 03 ahd 



pulvis, pollen -.dust 



French 03ahd:1024 



pOUdre : dust powder 



Persian UJ mon:827 



poudr: powder Oy 



W | Turkish 03 BQT:216; TAD:6~ 

L 



Persian UJ bqt:216 



barut : gun powder 



°WH 



English 03 ahd 



powder, pulverize 



V k 



^ 



English 03 ahd 
pollen 



360 



Pele Pen 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:805; IEC:918; CEL2:3 



~x 



Pele, Pelt, Paita: 



to spread, make flat 



Iranian 03 IEC:918 



partaka-. flap of cloth, 

curtain 



WPahlavi 03 F 



pardag : curtain, veil 



Persian 03 lat:853 



pardeh : curtain (S ;j ,iiji\j^ ,j\i iiy ) iiy 

Ferdowst JJJJ>-Lj ^Lwl) (J I «ijj ji> <U _ JJjJ>-b ^Jjj «_w ji> j <u)uj 

LKT:131 claims this has reached Europe through Arabic. 



W 



W 



W 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:918 



patah : cloth, screen 
garment, canvas 



Hindustani 

03 HJB:744; AID:242 



pardah : curtain, veil 



English 

03 AHD:1061; KLN:1273; FWE:233 



pardah, purdah: veil 



Sogdian 03 S0D:284 



prd'nk, prd'nkh, prthynq : curtain 



W 



Greek 03 AHD:1533; IEC:918 



plan-asthai : to wander around 
plaS-Sein : to spread out in a mold 



French B3vop:120 



plasma 
plastique 



Persian 03vop:120 



plasma -.plasma Urf)L) 

plastlk : plastic S^lJAl 



English 03 ahd 



planet, plasma, plaster, airplane, plastic 



W 

V 

L 



Germanic 03 pok:805 



fel-thuS:f/a(/and 
fl6-rUZ : floor 



English 03 ahd 



field 
floor 



Latin 03ahd:1533 



pla-nUS : flat 
pal-ma : palm of hand 



English 03 ahd 



plane, plain, plan, explain 
palm 



Indo-European 

03 POK:833 



Avestan 

03 POK:833; KLN:1192 



^ 




h 


Persian ffl BQT:1444; HRN:180 


' 




farax : wide, large *m \ A 



English 



flat 



Persian 03vop:120 



pelatTn : platinum 



o*h 



English 03 ahd 



plate, place, plaza, plateau, platinum 



Pelt 



Pelu 



Pen 



see root: Pele 
see root : Pel 1 
see root: Spen 



361 



Pend Pent 



Pend 



see root: Spen 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:8 



Penkwe: 



Avestan 03 pok:8 



panca : five 
pancasas : my 



Sogdian 03 S0D:276 



pncw, pnz, pnc:»ve 

pnc'S:My 



V 



Persian UJ bqt:419; mon 



panj : five ( y> \^X> , !rs°Zf*l ' r^i ' d^f^i> R*± 

panjeh : hand (five fingers) ( A&p&i < \S*x*i ) 4aX> 

panzdahrMeen^Dskm a}'j[> 

pansad : five hundred^" Dskm Jwsul) 



Sanskrit 03ahd 



panca : five 
K 



English 03 ahd 



punch: drink 

Punjab^Ab 1 



h 


Persian ffl mon:822 


' 




pane : a drink made of several (five) fruits ( mXi ) 7o\i 



^ I Germanic 03 ahd 



finfi : five 

fingwraz : one of the five, finger 

funh-Stiz : five fingers, fist 



English 03 ahd 



five, fifty, fifteen 

finger 

fist 



W 
^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



pente : five 



English 03 ahd 



penta-, pentagon 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:8 



A 



Pent 



to go, pass 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:808; KNT:195 



pant, panta, path, pathi, patha: 



way, path, advice 



Persian UJ bqt:422 



pand : advice JJj 

Khaqant .'iljji .j'. «J_i) Ajljji 



0>- 



>tfj 



j_w , 



^-» | Scythian 03ahd:1533 



Germanic 03 ahd:1533; kln:1139 



patha : v 



English 



path 






Germanic 03 ahd 



finthan : to discover 



English 



find 



Latin 03 ahd 



pont : bridge, path over water 



English 



pontoon 



Russian 03 ahd 
put : way 



English 
Sputnik 



362 



Per 1 Per 1 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:810 



PART 1 



~X 



Her 1 : around, forward. 
Also see roots "Per 2", "Per 3" and "Per 4". 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 pok:244,810 



pairi, pari, para 3, para 3: around, perimeter 



pain-Vara : sheltered from all around, a (jam 1 * Wer 3 
pairi-vaz : ffy around^ Wegh 
pairi-Sta : stand around, nurse ^Sta 
pairi-Cayeiti : sort around, divider^ Kwei 2 






Persian UJ HRN:66; BQT:376-91 ,437 



piramun : perimeter l) V 1 ' y*> 

Cff?/,' J* 1 *'/,' OV*/, 



Greek 03ahd:950 



paradeisOS : paradis 



Avestan 

03 POK; HUB:39; HRN:6 



para-kan : spread around^Gwhen 
para-tab : shine to/ward^ Tep 
para-tak : run around, to do^Teku 1 



V. 



4-Avestan 
03 POK; HUB:39; HRN:6 



par-Sti : back (causing to stand up) 

^sta 

pari-bar, pari-bahr: carry around, 

develop^" Bher 1 
pairi-kara : go (draw) around, 

a compass Kwer 



^ 



Avestan 03 HRN:184; BQT:1442-82 



fra 2, frank : forward 

i^ r ih^nQ-.pullfqrward [culture),^ Jen ^ 
fra-Sta : sfand (send) fcnvard^Sta 
fra-Ms,.fraM!3..;..^n^*™a/!);j(ang8/J^S!a 
fra-Var : protecting all around, Farvahar^Wev 3 
fra-Var-tinam : month ofFarvahar 



W 



Sogdian B3sod:155 



fftr : more, better 



y> 



^ 



Avestan 03 HRN:184; BQT:1442-82 



f ra-a-marz : one who forgives all ** Melg 
fara-mana:pre-eyaluate,order^Me 
f ra-data : promotion, call for help 
fra-jama : eno [01 'going [(destination)^ *Gwa 
fra-VaXS : ca// ouf to seff^Wekw 



English 



paradise 



Persian UJ BQT; HUB:39; SNS:133 



parakandan : spread (■£ \ y , ^siS \y) ^liS \y 

partOW : beam of light Jj 

pardaxtan : to do • J I>b y 



Persian 03 BQT; HUB:39; SNS:133 


post : back 






parvardan : develop 




&>J3A 


pargar : compass, fortune, necklace 




$a 


C^wJ ;D y y )UJy 01-wjI ,'r^t 


Ferdowst C-^3 J6 y ^ 


iA 


j> j'j? 


HUB:39 is not sure about the derivation of 


'pargar" 



Persian UJ BQT:1446,1482 



fara : forward, more ( y| A ) I A 



Persian UJ bqt:1482 






363 



Per 1 Per 1 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:810 



PART 2 



~X 



rer 1 : around, forward. 
Also see roots "Per 2", "Per 3" and "Per 4". 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Old Persian 03 POK:813; KNT:198,200 



f fa : forward 

frava, fravata : forward, downward 

f ra-bar : offer, granf ®" Bher 1 



Pahlavi 

03 KNT:198 



frot : downward 



Persian 

03 KNT:198; BQT:1473; HRN:183 



foru : down ( 3 « i ) « i 

forutan : down to earth . jj i 



Avestan 03 POK:810,813,815; HRN:61; AEF:376 



paurva, paro, para 4, para 4 : former, 

earlier 
par6-ayare : last day®" Ayer 



Persian 03 BQT:349,397; AEF:331 ,368,376; ZMA:55 






V 



Old Persian 03 knt:195,196 



paruva : early 
pariy : around 
para : later, beyond 
para : a/ong 



Sanskrit 03 pok:813 



pra-jan : with perception, 
one who understands 
beforehand Gno 



Pahlavi 03 bqt 



farzanak : 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:1459; HRN:181 






Farzaneh ( ^j* ) <ul jji 



Germanic 03 ahd 



fer, fruma, furista 



English 



far, for, former, first 



Latin 03 ahd 



per, pro : first, forward, along 
pr6-tahere : to draw forward 
primO-CapUS : first in rank, prince 
para-meter : measure along 



French 03 ahd 



L 



h 


Persian ffl mon 


' 




\J™*A ' Wv ' J^M 



English 03 ahd 



per, perimeter, parameter, portrait, prince 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



protO- : first 

para : along with 

para-bolare : to throw (talk) around^ Gwel 1 

protO-inin : of prime value 

protO-kolla : the first attached (page) 

para-sitOS : (uninvited guest) along for food 



French 03 ahd 



Persian UJ mon 






v» 



English 03 ahd 



parasite, parallel, protein, parabola, 
parliament, protocol, paragraph 



V* 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:810,811; ieC:927 
Per-per-OS : flighty, giddy 



C 



]T 



Latin 03 IEC:927; POK:811 



perperUS : rashly 



Persian UJ IEC:927; MON:2521 



farfar : in hurry i i 

Anvart jljijl f J-Ja» «i-~«9 <vl JjiJI J 



364 



Per 2 Per 2 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:817 



Her £ : to lead or fly across. 
Related to the Indo-European root "Per 1". 



Avestan 

03 POK:817; KLN:1220 



peretU : bridge 



Pahlavi 

03SNS:137 



puhl : bridge 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:817; AHD:452 



hu-parathwa : good to cross over, ^Su 1 
Euphrates river in Iraq. 



W 



Greek 03ahd:452 



Euphrates 



I Latin 



V 



^ 



Avestan 03 pok:816 



par 2 : there, over there 
para 2 : end, shore 



Pahlavi 03aef:209 



bar 2 : shore, t 



~~\ 



Persian UJ bqt:414 



pol : bridge jj 

Saeb J^ij^- lSjj-jI j' iSjJ-M & t_S' i ^> Jj 



h 


Persian 


' 




p 
TOrat : Euphrates river £j\ A 



English 



Euphrates 



Persian 03 aef:209 



bar 3 : a suffix meaning shore ;U _ 



Avestan 03 P0K:81 7,850 



parena : feather, wing 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:397; DRM:286 


' 




par : fearer, wing «j|^ t (j^ ) ^ 



Latin 03ahd 



porta : gate 
portare : to carry 



French 03 ahd 



h 


Persian ffl mon 


' 




■**>***'' * O jo«m.)1 y i O j^***^ 



English 03 ahd 



port, passport, transport, report, support, sport 



365 



Per 3 Per 3 



^ 



Indo-European ffl pok:815-818 



r©T O : opposite, against, in front of, strike 
Related to the Indo-European root "Per 1". 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:815 



paiti 2, paitT 3, pati, patiy : 

opposite, in front of, against 



W 



W 



Pahlavi ffl bqt:440 



paitis, pat, pes 

in front of, before, 
leader 



Persian UJ 


BQT:242,440,2405 




pTs : front, ahead 


( *U**W ) <J**£ 




K ^*J**$ ) 


'yv»< 


**( ,f', - * 


bod, bad 2 


(suffix) leadership 


M- 




•My 


■Mts* 


Xk^««>^ 



Pahlavi 03 HRN:33; AEF:190 



pad, pa: to, toward 

HRN:33 claims these prefixes are combinations 

of Avestan "upa" and "paiti". See root "Upo". 



Persian 03 aef:190,191 



be[h] : to, toward ( ' t> ) t> 

The "b-" and "p-" prefixes 
have lost their original meaning. 



Avestan 03 hrn:6 



8; BQT:400-445 



paiti-kan : front digger®" Gwhen 1 
paitl-gar : say against someone, 

Mame ®^Gwer 2 
paiti-gama : bring forward (a message) 

®"Gwa 
paiti-kara : do (fight) against^ Kwer 



W 



Avestan 03 hrn:6 



; BQT:400-445 



paiti-band:to(jondaga/nsfw/ft®"Bhendh 
paiti-man : to think against, regret^ Men 1 



W 



Avestan 
03 HRN:68 



; BQT:354,400-434; FSF:99; POK:243 



paiti-ma : to measure against^ Me 
paiti-raec : to leave, ara/d®" Leigh 2 
paiti-dahisn : given back, reward®" D6 2 
paiti-Sahva : answer to speech ®*Kas 2 
paiti-raman : well arranged, 
pleasant Rem 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:818 



peret : fight against 
ni-part : fight down cr Ni 1 

a-part:Da«fe®"Apo 



Persian 03 bqt; hrn 


paykan : arrow tip 

paygareh : blame 






«i 


paygam : message 

paykar : fight 


(■sArt, 


fa 





Persian 03 bqt; hrn 



payvastan -.pin ( jj^ ) tf*>^ 

pazman : regretting ( Juj^ ) ^U^ 

Ferdowst J^j/" 3 4 ,)>*£> JJ-* j' )' 



Persian 03 bqt; hrn 



paymudan : to walk, 



parhixtan : to avoid 

padas : reward 
paSOX : answer 
Pedram : "pleasant" 



're CPy^, 

f'j-H 



Persian 03 BQT:2115; HRN:230 



nabard : battle .> „j 

avard : battle ( i6ij S ~ ) i j 5 T 



366 



Per 3 Per 3 



W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 aef:336 



W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 fsf:107; bqt:374; knt:194 



Indo-European 03 pok:815-818 



rer O : opposite, against, in front of, strike 
Related to the Indo-European root "Per 1". 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



paiti-jathra : anf/-tox/n®"Gwhen 2 
KLN:169 derives the first part from the 
Indo-European root "Pa:protect" but HUB:36 
and MON:648 do not agree with him. 



► I Persian UJ AEF:334; MON:648; FVF:50 



padzaUr : antitoxin (A}b ) AP^> 



w 



Arabic 03 fvf:50 



bezoar 



English 03ahd:1520 



bezoar 



paiti-grab, pati-grab : to accepf®"Ghrebh 
paiti-ar, pati-ara : challenge, fight^Ev 1 
paity-ara : against progress, enemy, ugly^^ Er 1 
pati-kara : form against, body^ Kwer 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 FSF:107; BQT:374; MON 



padiraftan : accept 

patirak : to fight, confront 

patyarak : ugly 

patkar : body, bundle 



W 



Sogdian 03sod:311 



ptkr' k : image 



v* 



^ 



Latin B3ahd 



premere : to strike or press against 
preSSUSS : press, pressure 



h 


Persian ffl bqt; hrn; mon 


' 




paziroftan : accept 




(pjiM 




paztreh : confront 




8 j*H 




patyareh : ugiy 




°jvi < 8 jVi 




paykar : image, statue 




<^,)^ 




(J}<j_2aJw> I 


&_ O ^Jta-uJ 0j_3jj 




Ferdowsf (JU j <0 Xal 


jJ3\ 


LSj j j£ I j <Urf 



French 



Persian UJ mon 



0*j$*> < ifj\ 



English 03 ahd 



press, compress, print, express 



367 



Per 4 Perk 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:817 



~X 



Per 4, Pera : to assign, to trade. 
Related to the Indo-European root "Per 1". 



^ 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 
03 POK:817 



para 1 : debt 



Pahlavi 

03 NYB:150 



parak : debt, 
bribe, gift 



Persian UJ MON; BQT:351; AEF:333 



pareh : money, gift, a piece of something 



dj\^iS\) ojl$ 



Naser- 



-Knosrow 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:1133 



portio, pars: part 
pertum: price, worth 



English 



part, parcel, portion, compare 
price, prize, prison 



Greek 03 POK:817; AHD; KLN:1219 



pome : "purchased", prostitute 



English 



pornography 



Pera 



see root: Per 4 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:821 



~X 



Perkl 



Avestan 

03 POK:821; SNS:141; AEF:205 



f ras : to ask 

frasa,frasna : question 
prs-sa, pere-sa : to as* 

peresaiti : he asks 
paiti-frasna : interrogation, 
punishment Per 3 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:206,385 



porsitan : to ask 
patT-f ras : punishment 



Persian 

03 BQT:385; AEF:205; ETM:62 



porsidan : to as* (J~»f) O-^rVl 

padafrah : punishment ol ibl) 

Vfs-o-Ramfn 

See derivation through Old Persian 



^ 



W 



^ 



Old Persian 03 POK:821; TZF:26; KNT:176 



pare-sa : to as* 
aparsam : ; asked 

frasta, frasta : interrogated 



Pahlavi 
03 TZF:26 



purs : to ask 



Persian UJ tzf:26 



porsidan : to as* ( Ji^y ) 0->><rV» 

See the derivation through Avestan. 



Latin 03 pok; ahd 



precan : to pray, ask from God 
prex : prayer 



English 03 ahd 
pray, prayer 



368 



Perk 2 Pesteno 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:820 
Perk 2 : rib, chest 



Avestan 03 pok:820 



paresu, peresu : rib, side 



Pahlavi 03snS:114 



pahlug : side 



w 



Sogdian ffl sod:289 



prs : side, hour, time 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:820 



parsu, parsu, parsva : rib, side 



^\ 



h 


Persian 03aef:415 
pahlU:s/de V JjJ 





Per-per-os 



see root: Perl 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:823 

Persna:hee/ 



Avestan 03 pok:823 



pasna : heel 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:355 



pasnak : heel 



w 



Sogdian 03 SOD:301 



psn :heel 



W 
^ 



Latin 03ahd 



pema : ham, a sea mussel 
pernilla: peart 



Indo-European 03 pok:990 
PeStenO : breast 






a 



Avestan 03 KLN:1513; POK:990 



fstana : breast 



Sogdian 03 SOD:70 



"stnh:(jreas( 



Greek 03 pok:990 



SthethoS : breast 



h 


Persian 

pasneh : heel Cji[> 





English 



pearl 



Persian 03 POK:990; BQT:405 



pestan : breast 






English 03 kln:1513 



stethoscope 



369 



Pet 1 Pet 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:825 
Pet 1 : to fly, to fall 



~~\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:825; HRN:22 



ptata, tata : falling 
ava-pat : to fall down ^Au 2 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:145 



Oftatan : to fall down 



Persian 03 bqt:145 



Oftadan : to fall down 



Oikil 



w 



Avestan ffl AEF:382; HUB:41 



patta : fallen, low, inferior 

HRN:70 claims it is from a different root. 



Persian ffl aef:382 



past 1 : low, inferior 



K-- 






Avestan 03 pok:825 



pataiti, patayeiti : ftes 
patareta : flying 



Avestan 03 pok:825 



fra-ptarazat : bird cr Per 1 

paiti-pasti : approach, step ** Par 3 



Old Persian 

03 POK:825; KNT:194 



pat : to fly 



Old Persian 03 POK:825; KNT:194 



Ud-pat : rise up, rebel^ Ud 1 
Ud-a-pat-ata : arose, rose up^Ud 1 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:825; BRT:458 



karsi-ptan : swil flying (bird) 
Compare with Latin "acu-pedius" 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:191 



karsift: a fast 6/rcf 



Persian UJ BQT:1659; HRN:191 



Kasak : a fast bird, magpie \SJ& 



Germanic 03 ahd 



fethro : feafter 



English 



feather 



Latin 03 AHD; BRT:458 



petere : to go forward 

piter : fly 

aCCi-piter, aCU-pediuS : a swift flying bird, falcon cr 6ku 



English 03 ahd 



compete, repeat 
accipiter 



Greek 03 ahd 



petron : wing 
helik-pter : spiral wing 



French 03ahd:611 



helicopter 



Sanskrit 03 pok:825 



patita : fallen, low 



Persian 03 mon:5165 



helicopter : helicopter JoXJa 



English 03 ahd 
helicopter 



Greek 03 ahd 



pipo : to fall 

potamOS : falling water, river 

hipOS ho potamios : river horse, hippopotamus^ Ekwos 



English 



hippopotamus 



370 



Pet 2 Peue 






Indo-European ffl pok:824 
r©t £ : to spread 



^\ 



Avestan 03 pok:824 



pathana, perethu : wide 



Latin 03 pok:824 



pandere : to spread out (walk) 
paSSUS : step, pace 



French 



v» 



w 

^ 



Greek 03ahd:980 



petalon : leaf 

patane : platter, a wide plate or pot (pan) 



Persian 03 bqt:433 



paUn: wide <<U^,L^) ^ 



h 


Persian ffl mon 


' 




passage *jj^ 

paspOft: passport £j jfcuwxtfU 



English 03 ahd 



pass, passage, passport 
compass, pace 



English 



petal, pan 



Indo-European 



Peu, Peue, Pu A-.topumy 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 hrn:62 



pavaka : pure, clean 



Pahlavi 



Latin 03 ahd; kln 



purUS : clean 



~~\ 



h 


Persian 

pak : clean, pure ^j\j 





English 



pure 



Peua 



see root: Pu4 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:998 



PeUd, SpheUd: to press, hasten 



Old Iranian 03 ffd:44 



paud, paud-a:tor 



~X 



W 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:44 



poy : to run 



W 
^ 



Greek 03 pok:998 



Speudo : hasten 



Persian 03 POK:998; ISS:130; MON:826 



pU : running 

pCiyTdan : to walk fast 

pijya : runner 

pCiyanTdan : to make animals go fast 

Fsrdowst (JyiJyjIijJ 5-0 *ZJ& 






Peue 



see root: Peu 



371 



Peuk Piko 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:828 

Peuk, Pug -.to prick 



^\ 



Avestan ffl SNS:175; HUB:73 



SpOZ : to pull out, remove, also hesitate 



Wl Pahlavi ffl 



HRN:156 



SpOZ, SpOXtan : to pierce, 

pull out 
HRN is not certain about the 
link with Latin word "pungere" 



Persian G3 BQT:1091; FSF:221 



sepuxtan : ( ^«Uj**<« * iy^jv* 1 * ) ty^y^* 1 

to pierce, throw in, pull out 



w 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:175 



SpOZed : hesitate 



Persian 03 BQT:1091; FSF:221 



SepUXtan : to hesitate, delay (J ■Zjry* »| ) ' ■JU>-y*i 

SepUZ-gar:one who hesitates^" Kwsr jlSj&«« u 



W 
^ 



Latin 03ahd 



pungere : to prick 



English 03 ahd 



puncture 

pivot, point, punctuate 



Persian 03 mon:822 



pancar : punctured, flat (tire) 



Tfi 



PT 



Pikho 



see root: P6 2 
see root: Piko 



Indo-European 03 pok:830; wld2:70 
PJkO, P\khO: lump, knot 



^ I Avestan 03 POK:830; WLD2:70 



^ 



pixa : knot, ball 

nava-pixem : a stick with nine knots used in Zoroastrian ceremonies. 






Pahlavi 03 SNS:143 


pexaK : a stick with none knots 






Sogdian 03 S0D:335 




pyx : knot 





Persian UJ mon:880 



pixtan : to wrap up in a bundle * JJiw 



372 



Pilo | PippalT 



Indo-European 03 pok:830; ieC:940,1650 
PilO, PislOS: hair 



~~\ 



Persian ffl iec:940,1650 



pileh : cocoon 
Mas' Cid Sa'd Salman 



«lo 



1 3 ^> J»yy o jJo e*d> <6 - j_xjl> s^-ki —*d> <u_£i ?J> 



^ 

' 

L 
^ 



Latin 03 AHD:1535; IEC:1650 



pilus : hair 
pileUS:feffcap 



Greek 03 IEC:1650; AHD:1535 



pilos : felt 



English 03 ahd 



pile, pluck, plush, caterpillar, pillage 



English 03 ahd 



pilocarpine 



Indo-European 03 pok:830 
r I n : wood, tree stump 



v* 



Greek 03 POK:830; SYN:345 



pinakx : board, platter 



^ 



Persian UJ bqt:1502 



pangan : cup aISjJ 



^l 



Arabic 



Persian UJ mon 



fenjan : c 



O^f 



X*1S 



W 



Sanskrit 03 AHD:1535; KLN:1154; SYN:382 



PippalT: 



Persian 03 BQT:1499; FVF:503 



pelpel: pepper 






w 



Arabic 03 fvf:503 



felfel : 



W 
^ 



Greek 03ahd:972 



peperi 



Latin 



Persian 03 bqt:1499 



felfel 



pepper 



JW 



English 03kln:1154 
pepper 



373 



Pis | Poin 

Indo-European 03 wld2:1 
rIS, r BIS : crush, grind 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 wld2:1 



pisant : crushing, grinding 
piStra : flour 



Sanskrit 03 wld2:1 



pinasti : crushed 
piStah : flour 



Persian 03 HUB:42; MON:782 



pest, past 2 : flour, crushed roasted wheat ' C-wU 



Pislos 



Plat 



Pie 



Pneu 



P6 1 



see root: Pilo 

see root: Pele 

see root ; Pel 1 

see root ; Skeu 1 

see root: Apo 



Indo-European 03 pok:839 



A 



P6 2, P6J, Phtorfrinfc 






Sanskrit ffl pok:839 



pati : drinks 

patlla : a large drinking vessel 

The link between "pati" and "patila" is not certain. 



Persian LLI mon:643 



patll : a large liquid container 

For another possible root of 
"patfl" see root "Batiaxe". 



( <dJlj ) JJb s 



Avestan 03 POK:839 



VJSpO-pitay : drunk 



Greek 03ahd 



pUSIS : drunk 

sun-posion:a 

drinking party Sem 1 



I Latin 



French 
03 VOP:216 



symposium 



Persian 03vop:216 



sampoziyom : 

a "drinking party" 



ry^*"* 



v» 



English 03 kln:1557 
symposium 



v* 



^ 



Latin 

03 POK:839 



bibere : to drink 
potUS : drunk 



English 03 ahd 



potion, poison 
beer, beverage 



Pod 



Poi 



Poin 



see root: Ped 
see root: P6 2 
see root: Spen 



374 



Pol Potis 



Indo-European 03 pok:847 



~X 



P6I 



Persian 03 POK:841; MON:680 



palldan : to touch a surface in search of something 



^■VkJli 



W 



v* 

^ 



Greek 03ahd 



psallein : to touch, 
play harp 



Arabic 03 kln:1382 



SantTl": a land of harp 



h 


Persian ffl mon:1927 


' 




SantUf : a stringed music instrument 


Jb*^nXM 



Germanic 03 ahd 



foljan : to feel 



English 



feel 



Porkwos 



P-os 



Pos 



see root: Pel 2 
see root: Apo 
see root: Apo 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:44 



Pos 



cover, clothes 



v» 



Persian 03 ffd:44 



pus : cover (iXSiy , S\Jiy , Sjiy , dy ) Jby 

pLJSldan : to cover, to wear ( W^J ) /\»L*Juq^ 

pa-pUS -.foot wear, shoe ** Pad J^Jb 

Hafez .Lot J^y- > 43 ,_> <0 ^LJjW <UL*0 ,_*> - j^' J"^*?* Cwwl ? ,-XAU CA0 (*5*-> ^ 



W 



Arabic 03 kln:138,1573 



ba-bus : shoe 

tar-bus : sweat cap 

"tar: sweat" is from a Turkish root. 



French 

03 KLN:138,1573 



babouche 
tarbouche 



English 03 KLN:138,1573 

babouche : shoe 
tarboOChe : a brimless cap 



W 



^ 



Turkish 03 syn:428 



babuc : shoe 



Greek 03 syn:428 



papOUtsi : shoe 



~~\ 



Poti 



Potis 



see root: Pa 
see root: Pa 



375 



w 



Pou I Pou 

Indo-European 03 pok:842 
rOU: small, young 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 pok:842 



pu 1 , pu-thra, puthra : son, child 

XSathra-puthra : son ofking cr Ksei 
baga-puthra : son of God®" Bhag 
a-puthra-tanu : having a child in body, 
pregnant Ten 1 



Persian 03 bqt; aef:384 



pesar : hoy, son ( w? , jy, , T ^ ) j-J 

abestan : "with a child in the body" y^ I 

Molavf )'/£ *^** a ^~" )' J-" j'j °-' w ' *" 






Old Persian 03 tzf:13; mfl:102 



pUCa : son 



Greek 03ahd 



pais : child 



English 



pediatrics, encyclopedia 



Latin 03ahd 



parrum-affinis : with ante 

similarity to other materials, 
referred to paraffin 



French 



paraffine 



Persian UJ mon 



paraffn ^s\j\^ 



^ 



English 



paraffin 



W 



W 

^ 



Latin 03ahd 



pau-per : with little, poor 
pil-llllS : young, youngster 



English 



poor, poverty 

pony, pupil, puppet, puppy 



Germanic 03 ahd 



fawaz : few, little 



English 



few 



37! 



PrT Pu 1 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:844 
r Tl : to love, praise 



^\ 



Avestan 03 pok:844 



afritan : to create 

a-fn-nami: /pra/se 

^Apo 



► — 


Persian 03 bqt:51 




afarin : pra/se 'r'M 
afaridan : to create ( J\$x> i I ) \±i i I 
nefrin : curse V)^ 

Hafez l^ t_> 5wJ <J*J (--J XUj— jfl WJ yil y? 



w 



w 






Sogdian 03 S0D:3 



pryn : to praise 
'prytyy: created 

'fryn, 'frywn: pra/se 



Arabic 03 AHD:23; PLA:203 



if fit : demon creature 
RCH:lxxvii derives it 
from Arabic "A.f.r" 



Persian 03 mon 



ef rit : demon (^ji*) CjjAf 



Germanic 03 ahd 



f fi : friend, free, good 



English 



free, fresh, friend, Friday 



Indo-European 03 pok:823; ieC:1003 



~X 



Prs: 



speck, spot, sprinkle 



V 



Avestan 03 IEC:1003; POK:823 



pares : drip 
parsuya: of water 



h 


Persian ffl IEC:1003; MON:665 


' 




pasidan : sprinkle, scatter ( ^{j t \X*sA> ) AXJuU 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:1003 



parsami -.sprinkle 



Greek 03 I EC: 1003 



pardakos : wet 



Medit 

03 PRT:349; IEC:998,1003 



parnas, pard:a 

spotted animal 



Sanskrit 

03 PRT:349; KLN:1129 



pardaku : panfte. 



Persian 03 HRN:72; SKT:372; BQT:416 



pard : panther 
palang : leopard 

yuspalang : 

a kind of leopard^^ Yeu 3 



V 



W 



^ 



Greek 

03 KLN:1129; PRT:349 



pardos : panfte. 



Latin 03ahd:952 



parduS:panfte 



English 03 KLN:1129; PRT:349; SKT:372 



pard, leopard 



Pu 1 



see root: Peu 



377 



Pu 2 I Puk 

Indo-European 03 pok:847 
rU £:to blow, swell 



~~\ 



Persian 03 POK:847; HRN:75 



puk : empty 



Oq. 



W 
^ 



Latin 03ahd 



pUStula : blister 



English 



pus, pustule 



Pu3 



see root. 



Apo 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:848 



~X 



Pu 4, Peua 



: to decay, rot 



Avestan 03 POK:849; SNS:137 



pu 2, pav, puyeiti : to decay 
piitay, piiiti : rotten 



W 



Pahlavi 03 POK:849; SNS:137 



pUSltan : to rot 
pudag, piitak: rotten 





Persian 03 BQT:425,429; FFD:44; BLY:73 




pusidan : to rot ( ^ ) ^l^ 




piideh : rotten si y 
Ferdowsf 






This poem is about the wooden cross of Jesus. 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



fij-faz : rotten 
fiilitho : foulness 
TaUSa : spongy, rotten 



English 03 ahd 



foul 
filth 
fuzzy 



Pug 



see root: Peuk 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:849 
rUK: bundled together 



^\ 



Avestan 03 POK:849; SOD:298 



pUSa : crown made of 

bundled twigs and flowers 
pUSa-ka : garland, crown 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:779 



pUSag : crown 



W 



Sogdian ffl sod:298 



ps'k: 



Persian ffl MON:779; FRS:146 



pasak : 



crown of flowers 






^ 

L 
^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



puknOS : strong, thick, dense 



English 03 ahd 



pycnometer : a device for measuring density 



Greek 03 pok:849 



am-pUS : headband 



31 1 



Sanskrit 03kln:1185 



Pulaka: 



V* 



^ 



Pulaka Pwt 



~X 



Persian 03 KLN:1185; HJB:710; MON:810 


polow : cooked rice ( % , ,Xj ) Aj 


W 






Turkish 03 KLN:1185; DEV:186 


► — 




pilaw : cooked rice 






\ 








^ 


French 03 dev:186 






pilau 





English 03 lkt:132 



pilau, pilaf, pilaff 



Sogdian 03 SOD:332; SLW:94 



rWt : Buddha, also used to mean an idol 
According to SLW:94, this word has a Chinese / Indian root. 



W 



Pahlavi 

03BQT 



b6t: 



^ 



Persian ffl MON:472; BQT:234; SLW:94 



bot : idol 

bot-kadeh : idol house, prayer house 

Emad Khorasanf 

See "Bheu 3" for another possible root. 






Wi 



Hindustani 



Wl 



Portuguese 



English 03 SKT:366; LKT:30; AID:233 



pagoda : prayer house 

See HJB:652 for a discussion on this word. 



375 



Qa I Qer 




Qa 



Qam 



Qand 



Qap 



Qar 1 



Qar 2 



Qau 1 



Qau 2 



see root : Ka 1 

see root: Kam 2 

see root ; Kand 1 

see root: Kap 

see root: Karl 

see root: Kar2 

see root: Kau 

see root: Kau 2 



W 



Semitic 03 kln:219 



A 



CJ.U.m : to step, proceed, 
also the East where sun comes from 



Arabic ffl kln:219 



q.d.m:tostep, 

proceed, advance 



h 


Persian 03 fva:327 


' 




qadam : sfep ( MjJI 

Cjedam : forward, getting ahead, advancement 


p 
< j^ji ) ("IS 




C*flA8 i *jl£ i ffJ-^-S 


A^jjlo i fjJLa 




Molavr | 3 fwy^j ^5 f J^3 «0 u> Jb _ 1 J *_aXj,3 J^j^Jj CUw^JjJ 



v* 



Greek ffl kln:219 



KadmOS : a man who came 

from the East (mythology) 
kadmia : Kadmian earth, 



Latin 03 ah D: 186 



CadmTa:z/nc ore, 

often mixed with 
cadmium. 



^ 



English 03ahd:186 




cadmium, Camille, Camilla 




V^ 






Persian 




kadmTom : cadmium 


wjOD 



Qel 



Qela 



Qely 



Qem 



Qeque 



Qer 



see root: Kel4 

see root: Q.l.y 

see root: Q.l.y 

see root: Kam 2 

see root: Keku 

see root: Ker3 



380 



Qeud I Qreus 



Qeud 



Qhad 



Qhar 



see root: Keued 
see root: Khad 
see root: Karl 



Arabic 03 ahd:202 



Qirbah, Qirrabah: 



a leathern bottle 



V* 



Persian UJ AHD:202; FVA:328; MON:2651 



Qarrabeh : a glass bottle (for wine) ( ul i ) ij\"3 

Hafez JZA <oL) Zkfi J iji JtS <Ulji JaJb- _ jSj-J fj-?- iA) lk> aLjul) 1$* _p 



^ 



^ 



English 03 WEB:272; KLN:238; AHD:202 



Carboy : large glass bottle 



Qirrabah 



see root: Qirbah 



Arabic 03 sap:93 



~X 



Q. 1 -Y : to cook or barbecue meat 
Qely, Qela : alkaline material 
obtained from wood ash 



Persian 03 SAP:94; MON:2724 



qalya : alkaline UJ 

qalyeh : a food made with meat <ulS 



v* 

^ 



French 03 kln:50 



alcali : alkali 



English 03 kln:50 



alkali, alkaline 



Qor 



Qr 



Qreu 



Qreus 



see root: Ker3 

see root: Ker3 

see root: Kreu 

see root: Kreu 



381 



Q.r.m I Quseros 



Arabic 03 fva:330 



~X 



CJ.r.tTl : a fabric with colored patterns 



W 



Arabic 03 fva:330 



miqrameh : embroidered cloth 



I 



h 


Persian ffl FVA:330; MON:4296 


' 




meqrameh : embroidered cloth <U"Xo 



Turkish 

03 AHD:781 



makrama : 

towel, napkin 



Italian 



macrame 



French 



macrame 



h 


Persian 


' 




makromeh : <^^ 

an ornamental lacework 



v* 



^ 



English 03ahd:781 



macrame : coarse lacework used to trim furniture 



Qrus 



Qruwes 



Qsei 



Qseu 



Qseud 



see root: Kreu 

see root: Kreu 

see root : Ksei 1 

see root: Kes 2 

see root: Kseud 



Semitic 03 kln:255 



Q.t.l": 



to smoke, exhale 






Arabic 03 KLN:255; SAP:1272 



Q.t.T : to smoke, smell 



Hebrew 

03 KLN:255 



qater : smoke, 
incense 



Greek 03 kln:255 



KedrUS : a tree 
(wood) used 
for burning 
sacrifices 



Latin 03 kln:255 



CedrUS: cedar tree 



I 



Persian 03 mon:1846 



Sedr: cedar tree 



)Jta«u 



^ 



French 
03 FSD:428 



cedre 



English 03 FSD:428; KLN:255 



cedar, citric, citrus 



Quatis 



Quatos 



Que 



Quomn 



Quoros 



Qusero 



Quseros 



see root: Kuatos 

see root: Kuatos 

see root: Kwe 

see root: Kamma 

see root: Kur 

see root: Karl 

see root: Karl 



382 



Quseros I Qwri 



Quseros 
Qusudros 

Qwe 

Qwei 

Qwek 

Qwel 

Qwer 

Qwetwor 

Qweye 

Qwi 

Qwri 



see 


root : 


Sper 


see 


root : 


Ksudros 


see 


root : 


Kwe 


see 


root : 


Kwei 1 


see 


root : 


Kwek 


see 


root : 


Kwel 


see 


root : 


Kwer 


see 


root : 


Kwetwer 


see 


root : 


Kweye 


see 


root : 


Kwei 1 


see 


root : 


Kwri 



383 



Raga | Ragamu 



R 



^ 



Old Persian / Avestan 03 MON5:636 



A 



r\3C|cl, r\3C|cl : city of "Ray" south of Tehran. 



Persian LLI BQT:985; FVF:278 


> — 


Ray : a city south of Tehran 


lSj 




razT : from Ray 


^'h 




razeg 1 : a famous type of grape from Ray 


Jh 




"razegf was not found in MON. 







Arabic ffl fvf:278 



razeq I : a type of grape 



U 



Persian ffl fvf:278 



razeqT : a type of grape 



Jh 






Greek 03 MON5:636 



RazeX : city of Ray 

razakene : from Ray 



Raga 



see root: Raga 



Akkadian 03 KLN:1573; AHD:396 



~x 



Ragarnu:s):,]:i 

TargUtnanU : interpreter 



^ I Aramaic 03 AHD:396; KLN:1573 



turgemana : interpretei 



w 



Arabic 03 KLN:1573; DOZ:35 



tarjama, tardjama : he translated 



v* 



Middle Greek 03 ahd:396 



dragoumanos 



Persian 03 MON:1064; SOR:37 



tarjomeh : translation 
motarjem : translator 






tarjom : speech, statement ( l)1*?" >> ) <*?" S 



w 



Latin 03ahd:396 



dragumanus 



Old French 03 ahd:396 



drugeman 



English Q3ahd:396 



dragoman : an interpretei 



W 



^ 



Hebrew 03 kln:1573 



targum : translation 
(of the old testament) 



English 03 KLN:1573; AHD:1316 



Targum : Aramaic translations of the Old Testament 

Targumist 



384 



Raika Re 



Old Persian 03 hrn:142; brt 



~X 



Raika: 



sand, gravel 



W 



Pahlavi 03 phd:73 



reg : sand 



^ 



Persian 03 HUB:68; BQT:989; HRN:142 



fig : sand, gravel 
Rudakl 






Raud 



see root: Raup 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:251 



~X 



Raup, Raud: 



to sweep away 






Pahlavi 03 ISS:252 



ropet, r6p 2 : sweep 

givak-r6p : "room sweeper", broom^ Ei 



Sogdian 03 ISS:251 



fWp : to sweep 



Persian 03 ISS:252 



roftan : to sweep ( ^J^y j , tfi)j ) tfij 



^ 



Semitic 03 VDQ:214; KLN:1293 



R.b.b 



: to be great, large or numerous 



Arabic 

ffl KLN:1293; VDQ:214 



r.b.b : to be great, 
also to be thick 
and dense 



^ 



V* 



Aramaic ffl kln:1293 



rabb : great, chief, master 



^ 



Hebrew 03 kln:1293 



► — 


Persian UJ VDQ:214; FVA:153,155 




fab, rabb : master, teacher, developer, God 






morabba : developed (food), jam 


^ 




robb : concentrated (dense) juice 


w P 




Vajdf | jy *X>U> ;>y» 4jy Ss Jj> j^ - 


I j y .iJ^UJ-5 y ji3 jJJii uj U 



f.b.b : to be great or numerous 
rabh : great, master 
rabbi : my master 



Pahlavi B3vdq:215 



raba : great respectful 

This word had entered Pahlavi 

language in pre-lslamic era. 



► Greek 



► Latin 



English 03 kln:1293 



rabbi : my master, my teacher, 
a Jewish title of respect. 



Re 



see root : Ere 1 



385 



Redh Redh 



W 



Indo-European 03 knt:205 



Redh, Regh : to separate, isolate 



Old Persian 

03 KNT:205; BQT:949 



rad 2, radh, ras 2 -.set free 

ava-rad : abandon 






~x 



h 


Persian ffl BRT:1505; KNT:205; BQT:949; FFD:55 


' 




rahldan : escape, become free ( 'Jmam ) /)*LJ& ) 




J6^j 4 C^jlj < <y-*j'3 * O^j'5 




CUwl -X>j /J-0 <■ J> y^> (J I Jj J U wiJ 




Sa'df C-**J) i^'^W *-** J— *"i V?" d) 0UiJ_-M>> jl V 



Avestan 03 KNT:205; NYB:167 



rah : to escape, set free 
razah : isolation 



Persian 03 BQT:926; HRN:134 



J'J 



386 



Reg 1 | Reg 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:854; knt:206 
Reg 1 , RektO : move straight, right 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 pok:854 



rasta : right 
ereZU : straight (line) 
razma : lined up 
(for a fight) 

aiwi-reg : to 

straighten up Ambhi 



Persian ffl BQT:134,944,946; HRN:136 


rast : right, straight 






C-wjI J 


raj : line, row 






V 


radeh : a row of soldiers 






<«!)> °->j 


razm : battle (with rows of soldiers) 






fjj 


afrastan : to elevate 




<0-4j!>> ^/ < cr-^ 1 


Asadr C-JhSj ^Oy r y? (jy% 


Ci"W-X)l &J 


_ W-wJl w 


jJj-LS^j IjcM 






Old Persian 03 knt:171,206 



arsta : rectitude 
ardu : upright 
rasta : right, true 



Sanskrit 03 ahd:785 



maha-raja : great rule^ Meg 



Persian 



Maharajeh 



^'JM 



Germanic 03 ahd 



rehtaz : right 
rak6 : rake 



English 



right, rich, rake 



Latin 03 ahd 



regere : to guide 

regu\a : straight bar 
SUrgere : to surge 



French 



Persian 03 mon 



oV' 



ad res : address 

rezim : government, diet -j'\ * 



v» 



English 03 ahd 



escort, address, regime, regular, rail, rule 



V k 



English 03 ahd 



direct, dress, correct, source 



V 



Latin 03 ahd 



rex : ruler, king 



V 



Spanish 03 ahd 



real : royal c 



Persian 03 bqt:985 



nyal : unit of money lju ) 

Currency after the Spanish domination of the Persian Gulf. 



French 03 ahd 



Persian 03vop:193 



royal : royal Jl>J J 



English 03 ahd 
royal 



^ 



English 03 ahd 
Rex 



387 



Reg 2 | Rei 
Reg 2 



see root. 



Rek 



W I Sanskrit 03 syn:1051 



^ 
^ 



Indo-European ffl pok:854 
r\GC| O : to dye, color 



raj, raga, ranga : be colored, 

grow red 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:138; BQT:964; PHD:72 



rang : color 



Persian UJ mon:1677 



rang : color (lS}#° ' Sij < jy^j < Sij> ' ) Sij 

rang-a-rang : colorful (^Sij < Siy, Sij) SijSij 



rangTn kaman : rainbow 






Persian UJ IEC:1065; MON:1640 



rajtdan : to color to paint ( \ J>j * t (\X>\) ) AXc*- j 



Sanskrit 03 OEW:333; AHD:1536 



raksa, laksa : (red) color 
lac : an Insect with red eyes, 
a swarm of such insects, 
a large number (100,000). 
POK:32 and KLN:47,856 derive 
these words from the Indo-European 
root "Alek:to protect". 



Persian UJ KLN:856; BQT:1878 



lak : red resin, lacquer JJj 

ol> ji^ y t -Lew 3 £*j& ^J> 

Onsort Si ojj_o_it> J>U» Jiii ^j>j 

See "Alek" for another possible root. 



W 



| Portuguese | 


^ 




French | 



English 03 skt:281 



lacquer, Shellac 



^(•Persian 03 KLN:856; BQTilQOcT 



lak : hundred thousand (soldiers) 



SI 



.1^5 ol> fij <0 JL& 3I yJj 'j JxJ <p _ ol> j> jl J\x> <G SAfi A*! <G (j\ j^> 



0' 



See "Alek" for another possible root. 



I, 



4* Arabic 

G3 AFM:141; FVF:613 



lajj : a large number of people, 
also the deepest point of sea. 



Persian ffl mon:3569 



lojjeh : the deepest point of sea 4J3J 

p ' 

See "Alek" for another possible root. 



W 



^ 



Greek 03 SYN:1051; OEW:333 



rhegOS : color, dye (red) 
rego-lith: red stone 



English 03 syn:333 



regolith 



Regh 



Rei 



see root: Redh 
see root: Leudh 



388 



Rei 1 | Reig 



Indo-European 03 pok:860 
KG I 1 '.possession 



~~\ 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:860 



fa 2 : to give 

raiti, a-raiti 2: generous Q 

raevant : rich 



Apo 



Persian 03 bqt:926 



rad: 



Latin 03ahd 



res : thing 



English 



real, republic 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:857; ieC:1067 



~X 



Rei 2, Re'\Q : to scratch, tear, cut 
Rekp : to pull, break 



Avestan 
03 POK:858 



raesah, raes : wound, 

injury 



Persian UJ bqt:988 



riS 1 : wound, wounded 
Baba Taher 



O^J 



*>)>% fJ^j J^> J*v >Sa$ _ I j »}} p^j {£' & r^y 1 ^ y 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 FFD:56 



ris 2, HZ : to spin threads 



Persian 03 BQT:951; HUB:12; FFD:56 



ristan : to spin threads ( Cjij , \1&) ) 'r~*>J 

riSldan : to spin threads ( i^JJ^j ( ^Iwj ) ^-^r^J 

abrisam : silk JSj J 

Hafez •■!»•■• • ■. • l_ 



V 





Persian ffl I EC: 1067 


' 




nzeh : fragment, small piece 


8 X> 




HZ 2 : small (piece) 


X; 




Hafez cUwl Vjy ?b J ijj >w j^i J^l GjJ>j <0 


_ i^LJisi l)^* ci-w-o y_5 y fiXJi j— 3 )—%"$'" j 






Sanskrit 03 POK:858; HRN:17,137 



res, ricate:totear 

lekha : to sketch, design 



Sogdian 03 S0D:148 



dykh : letter 



Germanic 03 ahd 



raigwa : row 

raipaz : rope 

rip : ready to be reaped 



English 



row 

rope 

ripe 



Latin 03 ahd 



ripa : land cut by water flow 



English 



river, arrive 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



replon : to 



remove seeds 



English 



ripple 



Reig 



see root. 



Rei 2 



389 



Rek Rem 



Indo-European 03 POK:863; WLD2:362 

Rek, Reg 2 : to m 



~X 



W 



Sanskrit 

03 WLD2:362; POK:863 



racana, rasana:rope, 

strap, belt 



^ 



(•Pahlavi 03 SNS:227 



^ 



rasan : rope 



Persian 


ffl HRN:137; 


SNS:227 












rasan : 


rope, string 












iW 


to measure with a rope 
Ferdowsf • 1 J J '< 


(tape) 


^ <j>J ?- 


• j) JJJW& 


>. 


3 ^jCj w 


MON:1654 & AFM:72 claim "rasan" is th 


3 Arabic pronunciation of Persian 






"rfsman". 


PLA:138 claims Arabic "rasan 


is from Pahlav 


"rasan". 









Rekp 



Rekto 



see root: Rei 2 
see root : Reg 1 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:864 
Rem : to rest 



Avestan 

03 POK:864; KLN:1335; SYN:841; AEF:351 



raman : quiet 

airime : gu/effy 



hu-rama : well rested®"Su 1 
paiti-raman : well arranged, 
pleasant^ Par 3 






Old Persian 03 knt:206 



ram : to be at peace 



Old High German 03 kln:1335 



rasta : to rest 



Persian 

03 BQT:737,960; HRN:5; AEF:351; FAF:251; FFD:25 



ram : quiet < ^ , ^|j , ^Ij , ^ ) (*lj 

aram : quiet ( ^l^lj , OVj" '(/*"' j"^ f 'j~ 



XOfram : fresh, pleasant, cheerful 
pedram : "pleasant", a male name 



f'j-H 






English 



rest 



390 



w 



Indo-European 03 pok:865 
KGp : to crawl 



Avestan 03 HUB:67; HRN:137 



rap : to c 



w 

^ 



Latin 03 AHD; POK:865 



repere : to creep 



Rep | Rep 



~x 



Persian 


03 BQT:955 










raftan : tc 


go 








C^J 






^3J • Aj 


^ 


l« 


J^J 


Ferdowsf 


zzy Ojb ji3-U^ 


)' *$ - ^ d'jj v^ 


$ WwjI 


jljjMJP" ^UJt 



w 



Arabic 03 afm:74 



ravaj : circulation 



Persian 03 hrn:137 



ravaj < g,| J( ^\j , gpjs ) ^\ }J 



English 



reptile 



391 



w 



Ret | Ret 

Indo-European 03 pok:866 
Ket : to roll, run 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:866; LEW:904 ► 



rad 2 : to run 
ratha : chariot 
ratha-estra : standing on 
the chariot, soldier^^ Sta 



Persian 03 BQT:97,1895; MON:191; ARB:203 



arradeh : chariot 

artestar : chariot rider, soldier 
laskai":army 






Pahlavi 

03 BQT:934 



fas : path, way 



Persian UJ HUB:66; BQT:984; PLA:133; FFD:56 



rah : path, 



way, manner 



< Jj*'j ' Jj*J ' 8 J > 



h 


Persian UJ HUB:66; BQT:984; PLA:133 


' 




rahbar:gu/de 


( ioM j , Wifcj ) j*&J 




raygan : "found on the road", free 


o&Jj 




tahban : road guard 


iMj 




raheb : one who watches his manners, monk 


( 4Jbl j ) L-fcl j 



w 



Arabic 03 tad:17 



torrahat : minor paths, 
insignificant things 



W 



v* 



Old Persian 03 knt:176 



ratha : chariot 

U-ratha : having good chariots ^Su 1 



Latin 03 ahd 



rota : wheel 
ret-undus : wheel 



I French B3ahd 



V k 



^ 



Persian 


03 MON:1074 




torrahat 

Molavf 


: worthless things 


0^ J^ 



Persian 03 mon 



Jjl» , cJ^ j 



English 03 ahd 



round, roll, roulette, control 



English 03 ahd 
rotate, rotary 



392 



Reu 1 Reud 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:867 



Reu 1, Reu 3, Ru 1, Reud 1 



to cry, roar 






Avestan 03 pok:867 



raod 2 : to weep 



Sogdian 03 S0D:346 



Latin 03ahd 



mgire:toroar 
ru-mor : common talk 



^-» | Germanic 03 kln:1352,1364~ 
^ 



~X 



English 



riot 
rumor 



English 



roar, rumble 



Indo-European 03 pok:869 



ReU 2, ReUa, RU 2, ReUp: to dig up, tear out, snatch 
ReUdh 2 : to clear land 
ReUd 2: rough 



W 



^ 



W 



v„ 



Avestan 03 KLN:1347; POK:869 



raoidya : to cultivate land, 
to be fit for cultivation 



Latin 03 POK:870; AHD:1537 



rumpere : to break 
rudis : rough 



English 03 AHD:1133,1537 



rupture, abrupt, bankrupt, corrupt, disrupt, interrupt 
rough 



Germanic 03 KLN:1347; POK:869; AHD:1537 



rutjan : to clear land, get rid of 

rupja : to rip up 

raubon : to rob 

raubo : clothes taken as booty 



English 03 AHD; POK:870; kln 



rid 

rip 

rob, robber, rover, rubbish, rubble 

robe 



^ 



Old Norse 03 pok:868 



ryja : to pluck wool from sheep 
rogg : wool, hair 



English 03 AHD:1077,1134; KLN:1363; POK:868 

rug, rugged, 

rag, ragged 



Reu 3 



Reua 



Reud 1 



Reud 2 



see root : Reu 1 

see root: Reu 2 

see root : Reu 1 

see root: Reu 2 



393 



Reudh 1 | Reup 



Indo-European 03 pok:872 

Reudh 1 -.red 



^\ 



W 



W 



Avestan 
03 POK:872 



raoidita : 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:1695 



rodtk, roy: 



Persian 03 BQT:980,981; HRN:141; MON:1696 



ruy 2 : zinc ( ^ j . ^3 j . jLj ; ) r (Jj j 

ronas : a plant used for dying (^Sjoj ) . 0^*>3 1 ) L^J 1 



Latin 03ahd 



robeus : 



French 03ahd ►- 



Persian 03 mon 



fUZ : red, lipstick \q j 



English 



rouge, ruby 



^ | Germanic Q3ahd \ >- 
^ 



English 



red, rust 



Reudh 2 



see root: Reu 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:871 



KeUC| : to vomit, belch, produce smoke or vapor 



Persian 03 POK:871; MON:44 



rog: belch (fjj'tty 

arog: belch i3jjT.j_jjT.jjT 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



riukan : to produce vapor, smell, stink 



English 



reek 



Indo-European 03 pok:837 



A 



Reughmeri: 






Avestan 

03 POK:837; KLN:1307 



raogna : oil 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:978 



rogn : on 
rovn : on 



Sogdian 03 S0D:345 



rwgn : fat, on 



Persian UJ bqt:978 



rogan:o// ^ 

Molavr fi\J, j m^g, fjUl Oj^ 3 (S^JJ 



Germanic ffl kln:1307; ahd 



raugna: cream, oil 



^ 



English 03 AHD; KLN:1307 



ream 1 : cream 

ramekin 



Reup 



see root: Reu 2 



394 



Reuto R.f.a" 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:873 



~X 



ReUtO, ROUtO, Rut:/ntesf/nes, bowels 



Avestan 03 pok:874 



uruthwara, uruthwan, uruthwasca : abdomen, beiiy 



W 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:36 



askumb : abdomen 



Persian 03 SNS:36 



eskam : abdomen, belly ( <UeSji i iSji ) Sji\ 



W 
^ 



Pahlavi 03 pok:874 



r6t 1 : Intestine 



Persian UJ POK:874; HRN:139; BQT:970 



rudeh : 



"^SJ 



Indo-European 03 pok:874 



A 



Rewe, Ru 3: 



to open, open space 






Avestan 03 POK:874; SYN:465; KLN:1356 



ravah : space 

ravaS-Carat : moves in free space (freely) ** Kwsl 



Germanic 03 ahd 



rumaZ : space, room 



English 03 ahd 



room 

ream 2 : to widen 

reamer 



Latin 03 pok:874 



rUS : open land 



English 03 ahd 



rural 



Semitic 03 kln:1301 



~X 



R.f.a' 



: to repair 



W 



W 



Arabic ffl kln:1301 



r.f.a', rafU:torepa/r 

(damaged cloth) 



Persian ffl fva:167 



POT U : to repair torn cloth ^ j 



Yaghma Jandaghf 



Hebrew G3 KLN:1301; FSD:2051 



rapha : he repaired, healed 

rapha-e'l : God has healed or is a healer 1 ^ Layh 



W 



Greek 

03 KLN:1301 



Raphael 



Latin 



French 



Persian 



Rafael : "God is a healer" 



jMj 



^ 



English 03 kln:1301 



Raphael, Raffael 



395 



Rk-so | R.y.m 



Rk-so 



see root: Rk-tho 



W I Avestan 03 pok:875 



Indo-European 03 pok:875; sod:70 
Rk-tllO, Rk-SO : bear (animal) 



aresa : bear 

aresa-ama : with power 

of a bear^^ Ome 



Persian UJbqt:31,733 



XerS : bear 

Arsam : "with power of a bear", a male name 






Greek 03ahd 



arktOS : bear 

arktlCOS : northern bear-shaped constellation 



Latin 



arcticUS : north pole 



Celtic 03ahd 



artho : bear 



Sogdian 03 SOD:70 



'ssh:(jear 



<fbjT> fbjl 



English 



Arctic 



English 



Arthur 



Ros 



Routo 



Ru 1 



Ru2 



Ru3 



Rut 



see root : Eres 1 

see root: Reuto 

see root : Reu 1 

see root: Reu 2 

see root: Rewe 

see root: Reuto 



Syriac 03 sap:617 



R.y.ITl :to depart 



W 



W 



Arabic 03 FVQ:262 



r.y.m: to depart 
Maryam : mother of Jesus 



Persian 03 mon:4053 



~X 



Maryam : Mary ^ ,# 

Moiavt j**/ 8 J-* *jj>v- jlft-wj y - vO ^l l5I19 iiy S rjj 



Hebrew 03 AHD:802,1530; FVQ:262; KLN:943 



Miryam : "rebellion", sister of Moses, mother of Jesus 



I, 



( 'Aramaic 



Maryam 



Greek 



Maria, Mariam 



^ 



English 03 AHD:802; KLN:943 



Mary, Marilyn, Maria, Marvin 
Marianne, marijuana, marihuana 



396 



Arabic ffl fva:161 



rx.Z.ITI : to bundle up, collect 



W 



Arabic 03 fva:161 



rezmeh : bundle 



I 



^ 



Spanish 

03 KLN:1307; FSD:2060 



resma : bundle 



French 03 lam : 199 



rame, rayme : bundle 



R.z.m R.z.m 



~X 



Persian 03 FVA:161; MON:1649 



rezmeh : bundle 



^h 



English 03 AHD:1086; KLN:1307 



ream 3 : bundle of paper 
(500 sheets) 



397 



Sabatu Sai 2 



s 



A 



^ 



Akkadian 03 akd:67; bqt:1300 



Sabatu : 



to cut, stop working 



Hebrew 03 bqt:1300 



sabat: 



to stop work 



Persian UJ MON:2081; BQT:1300 



Sanbeh : Saturday, day of rest 



► Greek 



I Latin 



English 03 KLN:1369; AHD:1139 



sabbatical, Sabbath 



W 
^ 



Arabic ffl bqt:1300 



S.D.t : to cut, day of stopping the work, Saturday 



h 


Persian ffl mon:1815 
Sabt : Saturday C-wU" 





Sabha 



Saen 



Saena-merega 



Sai 1 



see root: Aba 

see root: Se2 

see root: Merega 

see root: Se 1 



A 



Indo-European 03 pok:977; kln:1448 



Sai 2, Sei 3, ST 3 : to bind 

SneU, SneU, SllU: cord, band, tendon 






Avestan 03 POK:977; KLN:1448 



Snavar:(jand, sinew 



h 


Persian ffl hrn:291 


' 




Snavar : cord, band (obsolete) jaJw^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SenaWO : tendon 



English 



Latin 03 pok:977 



nerVUS : sinew 



English 03 ahd 



nerve, nervous 



Greek 03 pok:977 



neuron : sinew 



English 03 ahd 



neuron, neurology 



398 



Saka Sali 



W 



Indo-European 03 MON5:772; bqt:1158 



~X 



oaKa : name of an Aryan tribe N.E. of Iran, Scythians 



Avestan / Old Persian B3bqt:1158 



Saka 1 : Scythians 

Saka-Stana : "land of Sakas", referring 
to an area S.E. of Iran after Sakas 
defeated its native people in 130 B.C. 



Persian 03 BQT:1158; iuiON5:772 



Saka : Scythians (' ^L» < oL» < <Ui ) l$w» 

SagZI : of or pertaining to Scythians ( tC >Pw ) LS 'S*>» 

SlStan : an area in S.E. Iran ( J\l*£wi ) ^llw-» 



W 
^ 



Greek 03 BQT:1158; iuiON5:772 



Scythe : Scythia 



English 03ahd:1169 



Scythia, Scythian 



Sanskrit 03 kln:1578 



~X 



Sakah : 



W 



W 
^ 



Hindustani 03 hjb:910 



Sagun : teak 



Arabic 03 HJB:910; KLN:1578 



Saj : teak 



h 


Persian ffl mon:1783 


' 




Saj : teak tree m [^ 



Malaysian 03 kln:1578 



tekka : teak 



Portuguese 



teca : teak 



English 03 ahd 



teak 



Greek 03 FSD:2161; AHD:1144 



A 



Salamandra 



h 






Persian UJ FSD:2161; BQT:1166; MON:1921 


' 








Samandar : a lizard-like amphibian believed not to burn in fire jJJwj^u 
Rudakf ^l\X$5 Jua j> ()^jJj\ y 1 ' <0 - j-Ua-w Jw> j> {j$)S Jz£> <0 


► 


Arabic ffl tad:37 






samandar 



w 

^ 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:1374 



salamandra 



French 03 ahd 



salamandre 



English 03 AHD; FSD:2161 



salamander 



Sanskrit 03 bqt:1229 



Sali: 



grains, cereals 



v* 



^ 



Persian UJ BQT:1229; MON:2000 

Sail : rice, especially in the husk j\£> 


h 


Persian UJ bqt; mon:2070 

SallZar : rice field cr Kwsl j'}"^ 

Saltiik : rice in the husk ( Sy\s> ) SySji 









399 



Saliba | Sarpu 



Aramaic 03 BQT:656; MON:1310 



~x 



Saliba: 






Arabic 

03 MON:1310,2161 



salib : 



Sogdian 03 S0D:126 



clyb' :c 



Persian 03 MON:1310; BQT:656 



CalTpa : cross ( .Li? ) LI? 

Farrokhr wJ-£ iy> Lwjj <lLs b _ CJiXfri iyi ^Ujl <ul° b 



Persian 03 mon:2161 



Sallb : cross ( y^Lafl ) l-J-p 

Hafez C-wJj (-^Jw** ?b 3 v^' j ^ ^3^^ - -^-^ «Jv> I j ^jyiw yS <0 bo I 



Arabic 03 sap:818 



OBl |3 : to paralyze (hand) 



V* 



^ 



Persian UJ bqt:1287 



Sal 2 : lame, crippled 
SalTdan : to lame 






Sam 



Samser 



see root: Sem 2 
see root: Sfsyr 



W 



Akkadian 03 AHD:1206; KLN:1445 



A 



03fcipU : to melt, refine 
OdfpU : refined silver 



Arabic ffl kln:1445 



S . f.f : to purify silver 

Sarraf : coin and money exchanger 



Persian ffl mon:2144 



sarraf 



31% 



money exchanger ^i ^p 

f" J** )') i)y% '-^ <s -*"^ £)v 3 *^^ > J^y^" 



w 
^ 



Old English 03 ahd:1206 



Seolfor : silver c 



English 



silver 



Sarpu 



see root: Sarapu 



400 



Saus Savala 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:881 

Saus, Sus: ,y 



~x 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:881; SOD:373; ETM:64 



haUS : to dry 

haus-a, huska :t*y 



w 



Sogdian 03 S0D:373 



Skw : dry 



Persian 03 BQT:752; MON:1461; ETM:64 



XOSk : dry 






<+ 

L 
^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:178 



USka : dry 



Greek 03ahd 



aUSterOS : harsh 



English 



austerity 



Avestan 03 HRN:166; NYB:181 



~x 



SaV 1 : to benefit 
SaVah 1 : welfare 






Pahlavi 03 hrn:166 



SLjt : benefit, interest 



Sogdian 03 S0D:366 



SWt : interest, benefit 



Persian 03 hrn:166 



SLJCj : interest, benefit, advantage ( JJ^Oa^u ) }&»> 

Khaqanf Shervanf 



Savah 1 



see root : Sav 1 



Sanskrit 03 hjb:824 



~X 



SSVB\B: (a fabric) 



marked with colors 



V k 



Persian 03 HJB:824; KLN:1432; MON:2000; FRS:171; BQT:1228 



Sal 1 : scarf ( jXS" JUs ) ^ JU 

Sal 2, Salang : a thin rough and inexpensive rug lSJjUu 4 ' iJuS 

Onsorf CU3U LjjO 3 C^_**> ' JL£ _*-5 <0 _ CU31JU 3 £*J&> ^ JL> J-la ^l j 
KLN:1432 derives these from "Saliat" an Indian town famous for its shawls 



W 



W 



Hindustani 03ahd:1192 



Sawl : shawl 
Through Urdu language 



English 03 AHD:1192; KLN; SKT 



shawl 



^ 



Arabic 03 BQT:1228; FVF:391 



Sal : a rough rug or thick cloth 



French 03 bqt:1228 



chale 



401 



Sawel Sawel 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:881 

Sawel, Su 3 -.sun 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 
03 POK:881 



hvare, xvar 1 : 

sun, light 



Persian 03 MON:5220; BQT:2389 


hur 2 : sun, star 
XOr : sun 


J5* 



w 



Persian LLI FVF:189; AFM:50 



hUT-ban : "sun guard", /y 

chameleon, it is called 
"aftab-parast: sun worshipper" 
in modern Persian. 

"hurban" was not found in MON. 



ky* 



Arabic ffl FVF:189; AFM:50 




horba : chameleon gy ^ 




V^ 






Persian LLI mon:1347 




herba : chameleon y ^ 



^ 



Avestan 

03 POK:881; KLN:1469; HRN:111 



h Vare-XSaeta : bright sun ®" Kssi 2 
hvare-asan : sun rise, east 

hvare-varan : where sun 

goes, west ^^ Bher 1 



Persian UJ BQT:723; MON:1395 



XOrSld : sun 

XOfasan : an eastern state in Iran 

xavar[an] : west 






Fakhr Gorganf 



i-wl j<p* (J>yy ^3^0' cA^'j^* 



v» 



Persian UJ BQT:2220; IEC:1334 



no-hur : sun light, sight, eye ja^n 

p 
bad-nohUT : unsightly, ugly ja#3 J*} 

Sanayf Pjyfyi Xi "J* 3 Jij<p* ^> (ji&i) <0 - /JU-JU f J*-£> 0^ J J— 5 HO')' 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:881; BQT:1451 



hvarenah, xvarenah, farnah: 

brilliance, elegance 
famavant : with bright fate, 
blessed 



V 



Sogdian P3sod:155 



fm : elegance 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:180,789,1443,1451; FSF:250 


' 




fam : elegance ( JJ^y < J&^i ()ji)y 




faiTOX : blessed ( oji> i ) f "ji 




FarTborZ : with elegant height, j W^ 
well posed^^ Bhergh 




jU 3 i X*JZ> 3 i yJ& 3 i i>\j 3 i C-^J> >3 




Ferdowsf 






Avestan 03 pok:881 



xvang : son 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SUnnon: sun 



Latin 03 ahd 
SOl : sun 



English 


sun, Sunday, south 








English 


' 




solar 



402 



Sawel S.d.a' 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:881 

Sawel, Su 3 -.sun 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03 ahd 



alos, helios: 



Persian 03 MON:5091; TAD:75 



haleh : halo, hue <J^ 

Saab ijj^i at> I Ji ^Jj-J ^U—wl jl _ JjU nXa JJbl jX) <UW> jUr> _p <ijO 



English 



helium 



V* 



Indo-European 03 pok:1045 



Swel 2 : 



r 



Greek 03ahd:611 



helene : torch 

Helene : goddess of light 



English 03 ahd 



Helen, Aileen 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SWiltan : to perish from heat 



English 03 ahd 



swelter 



Arabic 03 kln:1756 



A 



Say' : thing 



Persian 03 mon; fva:223 



Sey' : thing ( \ji\ lt U>l ) t J, 



w 



Spanish ffl PRT:813; KLN:1756 



X a letter sounding "s,sh" used as a short 
form for the Arabic word "say': thing" 



^ 



English 03 kln:1756 



X : used in mathematics to mean an unknown "thing" 
X-ray : a kind of radiation that was not understood 
well when named so 



Arabic ffl SAP:857; KLN:1468 



~X 



S.d.a : 



to split 



W 



Arabic 03 sap:857 



SOda' : a head-splitting 
headache 



Persian 03mon:2137 


SOda' : headache 





Latin 03 kln:1468 



SOda : headache 

SOdanum : an alkaline used to cure headaches 



Wl 



French 



^ 



English 

soda 
sodium 


► 


Persian UJ mon:1947 


SOda : soda water O a*u 










fc 


Persian 03 mon:1847 


' 




SOdyom : sodium -jX» 



403 



Se 1 | Se 3 

Indo-European 03 pok:891 



Se 1 , Sei 1 , ST 1 , Sai 1 : to bind, tie 

SoitO : band, dam 



<+ 



W 



Avestan 

03 POK:891,892; BRT:1800; FFD:74 



sa 1 , ha 1 , hay : to tie 

hinu, haetU : band, dam 

Wi-Sa, Vi-hay : untie, let go, open ^Wi 



^ 



Latin 03 pok:892 



Saeta:sW/7a/r 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:1818 



visatan : to c 



~X 



Persian 

03 BRT:1801; HRN:205; FFD:74 



gOSadan : to open iVUS' 



English 03ahd:1186 



seta, setae -.stiff hair 



Indo-European 03 pok:889 



Se 2, Sei 2, ST 2 : to throw, leave 

Ocien : release, relax, be late, do slowly, a period of time 






Avestan 03 pok:890 



hati : a piece 
hathra : a time period 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:3 



hasr, hasar : a unit of time, 
one and a half to two hours. 



Persian 03 hrn:280 



haSf: a unit of time (obsolete) ««U& 



Germanic 03 ahd 



sTdo : long part, side 
Slth : later 



English 



side 
since 



Indo-European 03 pok:889; ahd:1537 
Se 3 : to sift 



^\ 






Latin 

03 POK:889; WLD2:459 



Situla : a sift, bucket, pail 



Greek 03 ahd 



ethein : to sift 

ethmoeides : perforated 



Persian / Arab 03 ARK:221; TAD:35; FVF:361 



Satl : bucket, pail iLi-' 

MON believes it is Arabic but PLA:160 claims it is borrowed from Persian. 



► I French 



English 03 ahd 



ethmoid bone : a spongy bone in the nasal cavity 



404 



Sed Sed 



^ 



Indo-European ffl POK:884,887; KLN:1075 



OGQ : to sit, to place 
also to place a step, to go 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 POK:884-887; FFD:78 



had, hd, zd, sas 2: to sit 
sadayeiti : sits 

ni-Sadaiti : sits down cr Ni 1 
ni-Sasti: mating®" NT 1 



Persian UJ BQT:2145-7; HRN:231 



nesastan : to sit down ( yjij ) ■s^Ji 

nasim : place where birds sit down, nest ( 'yo*J& ) ~Ji3 

Hafez cUwl ^ul '^jKfi tuS /ul <G y <y*~^ 



W 



V 



,^ 



^ 



w 



V* 



Avestan 03 HRN:71; FFD:43 



Sad, Sand : settlement, agreement 
Upa-Sad : (good for) agreement'^" Upo 
avara-Sad : settle down, satisfy^ Au 2 



Avestan 03 POK:886-887 



nazdyO : sat very close, near 

asna : near 

asnaoiti : to get close to 



Avestan 03 POK:885-887 



hastra : assembly, meeting 
hadlS : residence, palace 

pasus-hasta: ? 

apo-had : to put away®" Apo 



Avestan 03 POK:885-887 



Syazd : to step back 

sTzdyamna : recess 

Stzdyo : to give up 
Sizdra : shy 



Old Persian 03 knt:212,213 



had : to sit 

had-is : seat pa/ace 

ni-had : set down, established^ NT 1 



Greek 03ahd 



hodos : way, path 

ana-hodoS : up way (for electric charges), anode 
Kata-hodoS : down way (for electric charges), cathode 
met-hodos : (path) for proceeding, method 
epi-eis-hodos : going in besides, episode^ En 



v» 



Persian 03 bqt:406 



pasandTdan : to admire, select 
p s n d , d I p s n d 

XOrsand : satisfied, happy 






Persian 03 BQT:2117-33; HRN:230 



nazd : near ( Slip ) 3)3 

naXOSt : closest, first C«jj 



► I French 



W 



Persian UJ MON:2782,3797 


anod : "up way" 


JjT 


Katod : "down way" 


JjlS" 


metod : "proceeding way" 


ilfl 



^ 



English 



anode, cathode, method, episode, period 



405 



Sed Sei 3 



Indo-European ffl POK:884,887; KLN:1075 

OGQ : to sit, to place 
also to place a step, to go 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W | Germanic B3ahd | »- 
W I Greek 03 ahd ► 



English 



sit, set, settle, nest, seat, saddle 



English 



chair 



^ | Latin 03 ahd \ >- 
^ 



English 



sedan, soil, session, hostage, president 



Akkadian 03akd:69 



A 



Sedu 



devil, mad person 



V* 



Aramaic ffl bqt:1320 



Seda, Satan : demon 



Persian UJ bqt:1320 



Seyda : crazy, frenzied (with love) 



jIXmw <jwj\£ Oy I 'y& *w> 



w 

L 



Arabic 03 bqt:1320 



seytan : dew/ 



Persian 03 mon 



seytan : dew/ 



' j ' JjXv J *' 



^ 



Hebrew 03 kln:1385 



Satan : adversary 



English 



Satan 



Indo-European 03 pok:888 
OGC|n : to hold, overrule 



A 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:888 



haZ : to gain 
hazah : victory 



^ 



Greek 03 pok:888; ahd 



SXema : a holding, form, shape 
SXOle : a holding back, stop, rest 



I Latin 



English 03 ahd 



scheme, sketch 
school, scholar 



Sei 1 



Sei 2 



Sei 3 



see root: Se 1 
see root: Se2 
see root: Sai 2 



406 



Seiku | Seip 



Indo-European 03 OEW:340; pok:893 

Seiku, Seikw: to now 



^\ 






Avestan 03 pok:893 



haek 2, hincaiti, hicaiti: flows from 

hixra : liquid increment 

fra-saekam : spilling ®" Par 1 



Sogdian 03 SOD:303 




psync : to sprinkle 








Latin 03ahd 


Siccus : flowed out, dry 



Persian 03 AEF:391; MON:799 



pasanjidan : sprinkle ( <6JJSj , Sxti ) ^X>?w£j 



French B3ahd:1141 



Sec : without water 



h 


Persian Uvop:213 


' 




Sek : non-diluted drink <Jk*i 



English ffl AHD:1141; OEW:346 



Sack : a dry strong v 



V k 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:893 



Sincati : flows from 



English 03 ahd; oew 



desiccate: to dry out 



Seikw 



see root: Seiku 



Indo-European 03 pok:894 



~X 



OGI p : to pour out, drip 



w 



Latin 

03 POK:894; AHD 



SapO : soap 



Greek 

03 BQT:1330 



Sapon : soap 



Arabic 03 tad:43 



saboun : 



Persian 03mon:2118 



sabun: 



0^>U 



^ | Germanic 03 ahd \ >- 
^ 



English 



soap, sip, sieve 



407 



^ 



w 



Sek | Sek 

Indo-European 

03 AHD; POK:920,926,930,931,941; IEC:640,1155 



OGK : to cut, scrape, separate, tear, etc. 

Sked 1, Sker 2, Skei, Skhed, 
Skep, Skel 2, Skaf, Ker 2 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 

03 POK:919,930; SOD:61 



SCand : to break 
Skenda : crippled, broken 
SCapti : to split 
kaf , kaf : to break 



> — 


Persian UJ BQT:1275, 1279; HRN:175 




Sekastan : to break 

sekaftan : to spin 

kaftan, koftan : to break open, split 
Rudakf y^ )^"^ <JCw> Sy» oXjy . 





Avestan 03 pok:919 



Sa 2, Sana, Sya 1 : to sharpen ? 
fra-Sanam : destruction 
Compare with the Avestan 
words from root "Ak" 



Persian 03 BQT:1184, 1462 



Sudan : to rub, grind 
farSLidan : to wear out, rub off 



CI-wjO kjvo oJiyw t\$r~ > c'.Y V 



w 



Avestan 

03 POK:941; KLN:1432; HRN:188; SYN:321 



kereta : knife, a cut trench 

kareman, careman : hide cut off animals 

karena_OSa : cut from hearing, deaf 
ha-keret : cut once ®" Sem 1 

skarena:cu( round 



w 



Sogdian 03 SOD:128,193,19 



Crm : leather 
km : deaf 
krt : knife 



Persian 




03 BQT:1559; HRN:25,98,221,244 


MON:2935; SYN:321 


kard : knife 


>JS 


kart : a trench cut for irrigation 


CJJ> 


Carm : hide (cut from animals) 


f>? 


kaf : deaf (with cut hearing) 


} 


agar : if "cut once" 


<j?j» « jk>j?l 



w 



v* 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:578,920,947 



Sari, Sari, Said, Sid: fragment 
Wi-Sis, Vi-Saed : cut apart, send away^Wi 
Sairi-gaona : like cut (dropped) from the body, 
dung^Geu 1 



Persian 03 HRN:205; BQT:1816; POK:578,947 



gOSIXtan : cut apart ( J^ ( ^J$ ) ,yA~«£ 
Sargin, Sergin: an/ma/ dung ■-£ yti 

yil 3 Jij>jo_> LaS o_jM ^)yS $}>-& 

Molavt y)U Ojla ^ I j ^ jjj ( vS «*> Sj'yij'j 



Latin 03 AHD; IEC:1155 



secare : to cut 

re-Secare : cut against 

riseCUm : rock at sea that cuts ships, 

danger, risk 
COrtUS : short 



French 03 ahd 



risque : danger 



Persian 


UJ MON:1703 


risk : risk 


lX*jj 




English 


03 AHD 


section 


insect, risk 



408 



Sek Seks 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 

03 AHD; POK:920,926,930,931,941; IEC:640,1155 



OGK : to cut, scrape, separate, tear, etc. 

Sked 1, Sker 2, Skei, Skhed, 
Skep, Skel 2, Skaf, Ker 2 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 pok:926 



Xerpta : cut, shaped 

hu-Xerpta, hu-kehrpta : shaped like a boar, p/g®"Su 2 



Persian UJ bqt:794 



XUK : "boar-shaped animal", pig 



J, 



f 



Persian ffl IEC:640; MON:1982 



SIM : slap, blow 



Jv* 



Germanic 03 ahd 



skith : a cut branch or piece of wood 
used for walking on snow, snow ski 



French 



ski 



h 


Persian ffl mon:272 


' 




eskT:sw S*J 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



ski 






Latin 03 ahd 



CrT-bellare : to sieve, separate 



Arabic 03 ahd:543 



garbala : a s 



Persian 03 mon:2397 



garbal : a i 



< <Jsij* > J^ij* 



Germanic 03 ahd 



words meaning to cut, 
shape, peel or skin, etc. 



English 03 ahd 



shelf, half, shape, shave, skin, skirt, saw, 
scrap, sharp, shirt, shears, score, short 



Latin 03 ahd 



SCire : to know, distinguish 



English 03 ahd 



science, conscience, nice 



Latin 03 ahd 



CarO : flesh 
Cami-levare : reduce flesh, 

a festivity before fasting, 

carnival Legwh 



French 03 ahd 



carnaval 



h 


Persian B3vop:269 


' 




kamaval : carnival \)\*\jj6 



English 03 ahd 



carnival, carnivorous 



V 



Indo-European ffl ieC:1155 
OKGl : division, part, thought 



c 



Old Iranian 03 ffd:61 



kar 3, kar 3 : to think 

US-kar-a : to think 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:61 



uskar, uskard : thought 



Persian UJ FFD:61; MON:1903 



Segal : thought, (a bad) idea ( JISL* ) JSm 

Nezamf Ganjavf 



Seks 



see root: Sweks 



409 



Sekw Sekw 



Indo-European 03 pok:896 
SekW:tofc//ow 



~X 



W 



W 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 ZAW:38,242; POK:896 



hasa-kerta, asa-gerd : follower^ Kwev 

haxay, nasi : follower, companion, friend 
haxa-manis : friendly mannered^" Man 1 



Persian 03 MON:1999; BQT:2316 



Sagerd : student, "follower" 

Haxamanes : 

"with friendly thoughts and manners" 






Avestan 03 pok:896 



haca : followed from 
haca-adairi : from unde^ En 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:12,150 



aj : from 

azef : from under, under 



Persian 03 bqt:113,1051 



az : from 
Zl f : under 



J' 

jii 



Old Persian 03 knt:212 



haca : follow, from 

haxa : friend 

haxa-manis : with friendly manners^ 



Latin 03ahd 



Signum : sign, mark 
sigillatUS : a record 



Arabic 

03 AHD:1159 



siqillat:w/ft 

little images 
Sejell : a sealed 
record 



Persian 








03 AHD:1159; ARK:221 




saqarla 


: a type 


of cloth 


o ii JL*> 


Sejel : a record 




A^UW 




(l^W 


sM 


yS- <J w? j— ?* yS- 


Molavf 


Jiji 


y* oWj 3 o'j'j* J-* 



v* 



English 03 ahd 



seal, sign, resign, assign 



U 



Latin 03ahd:1159 



SCarlatum : a purple cloth 



English 



scarlet 



w 



French 



aSSignat: assigned 

bonds 



Russian 03 DMO:220 



aSSignatsia : money bill 



v* 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



SOCiUS : companion 
Sequi : to follow 
SeCOnduS : coming next 



Persian 


03 DMO:220 


ARK:239 


eskenas : money bill 


^UX«I 




English 


03 AHD 




society, 
pursue, 
second 


association 
sequence, execute 



410 



Selg | Sem 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:900 



~X 



OGlC| : to let go, release 



Avestan 

03 POK:900; HRN:245 



harz, herezaiti : to allow, release 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:2361, 2339 


' 




hastan, hestan : to let go >zj& 




halTdan : to let go AJulfc 




J— J <Ow»fl C-_ii^Jji )l CUiOo ,\— 4— > 




Hafez C-Jl$J jJ£-> 3 Jjys> <U*J <0 CUwl JsW <G 



v* 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Sulk : to become sluggish 



English 03 ahd 



sulk, sulky 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:902-904 

Sem 1, Srri: one 



Avestan 03 pok:902-904 



ham 1 : with, also, too 
hamo-gaona : everyone ^Gsu 1 
ham-mana : like that^Men 1 



ha-karat : one cut, once^'Sek 
han-dama : put together, shaped^" Dhs 2 
hama 1 : same, equal, fiat level 



y> 



Pahlavi 03 mon:5176 



ham-emal, hamahl : equal, simitar 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:902-904 



ham-par : store together^ Pal 1 
ham-tax : throw together, 
compare Teku 1 

han-kar:todo®"Kwsr 

hama-baga : share w/fh^Bhag 



^ 



~x 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Persian 03 bqt; hrn 



ham : too, together ( S*A , <UA ) J>> 

ham-sTreh : sibling, sister 8 .JieA 

haman : same thing ( bleA ) JUA 

agar:,f (§J><£*)$\ 

andam : shape (put together) Ajj\ 

hamun : land with same (flat) elevation 



oy" 



h 



Persian UJ IEC:1244; MON:5167 



hamal : hub ( JUU ) JU* 

farrOX-hamal : auspicious, prosperous \j\tsJb t"'& 



Persian 03 bqt; hrn 



( jLil ) /j*^M' 



(^ll^fl <^»JJ>A <ojlJjl) jvij-ljjl 



anbastan : to store 

andaxtan : throw 

engastan : think ( j&| ( ^ j&| ) ^Sil 

anbaz, anbag: partner (*L5l)jLjl 



411 



Sem 1 Sem 1 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:902,904 



Sem 1, Sm 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03 POK:902-904; HRN:30 



han-jamana : come together'^' Gwa 
han-jama : come to end^*" Gwa 
han-gmatana : place to get together'^' Gwa 
han-Vaeg : swing together, exc/te^Wsik 1 



Persian 03 bqt:166,167,2368 


anjoman : association 


Cr**>' 


anjam : ending, conclusion 


( ("U>Olj*» ) ("u>ol 


Ekbatan : name of a city 


( (j\±«A ) i^tiloi 


angixtan : to excite ( 


DjSil ) jyA^Sjl 



Avestan 03 bqt:172 



han-davatha : depressed^ Dhsu 2 
han-du : to smear together'^' Dhsu 3 
Uan-dareza: pull together, fortify, advise^ Dher 1 
han-gama : af fte same (/me, during ^Gwa 



Persian 03 bqt; mon 


anduh : sorrow 


O^Jjl 


andudan : to smear 


CP.S-^1 


andarz : aov/ce 


h^ 


hengam : time 


fDJA 



<+ 



w 



Old Persian 03 knt:211,212 



ha 1 : one, with 

ha-da : with 

ham : together 

ham-karta : cooperation^ Kwsr 



Greek 03 AHD; KLN:1557; IEC:1246 



homOS, homalos :same 

SUn : together 

SUn-phonOS : harmonious sound^ Bha 2 

SUn-ballein : throw together, 

compare, symbol^^ Gwel 1 
SUn-pOSion : drink together^ P6 2 



French 



homogene 
symphonie 
symbole 
symposium 



Persian 03 mon:1921 


VOP:372 


homozen 


Ojr* 


samfonT 


(/J*** 


sambol 


(Joaq^ 


sampoziyom 


p0$$**' 



English 03 ahd 



symphony 



^ I Latin 



English 



homogenous, symbol, symposium 






Russian 03ahd:1148 



samo-war, samo-vari, samo-varitT:se/fco/fer®"wsr5 



Persian UJ mon:1918 



Samavar:"se/fDO//er" 



J2 



UhW 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Latin 03 ahd \>- 



English 



same, some, seem 



English 03 ahd 



single, simple, sincere, similar 

simulate, simultaneous, resemble, assemble 



412 



Sem 2 Sen 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:905 
SeiTI 2, Sam : summer 



^\ 






Avestan 03 POK:905; KLN:1541 



ham 2, hama 2: 



Persian 03 hrn:280 



hamin : summer (obsolete) 



(>*** 



Sanskrit 03 kln:1541 



Sama : half-year 



Germanic 03 pok:905; ahd 



SUmaraZ : summer 



English 03 ahd 



^ 



Greek 03 KNT:209; MON:1982 



~x 



OGITId : marked, stamped (coin) 
A"S©fTI3 : unmarked, unstamped (silver) 



Pahlavi ffl knt:209 



asem, S\m: silver 
SI men : made of or shining 
like silver, white 



Persian UJ BQT:1212; KNT:209; MON:1982 


sTm 2 : silver 

S I m 3 : electric wire (originally made of silver) 

Sim 4 : mercury (due to Its white shiny color) 
Tafisr Vahtd 


r 

&9w> I j {j\L*y Loj j) q ***** 



w 

^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:209 



Siyaman : made of silver 



Indo-European 03 pok:907 

Sen 1, Seno: M 






Avestan 03 pok:907 



hana, hana:o« 



Latin 03 POK:907; ahd 



senex : old 

Senior :o«, old man 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:907 



French 03 ahd 



monsieur -.sir 

Seinat : an assembly of old wise men 
SenateUT: a member of the senate 



V k 



Persian UJ hrn:280 



han : old (obsolete) 



Persian UJ mon:1925,4125 


mosyo : sir 


p 


Sena : senate 


L» 


Senator : senator 


ja3Uiww 



English 03 ahd 



sir, senior, senile, senate, senator 



413 



Sen 2 Ser 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:907 



~X 



Sen 2, Seni 



apart, separated, without 






Avestan 03 pok:907 



hanare : 



Sanskrit 03 pok:907 



SanU-tar : apart from 



Latin 03 pok:907 



Sine : without 

sincerUS : not affected, pure 



^ 



English 03 kln:1447 



Sans : without 

sans serif 
sincere 



Seni 



Seno 



see root: Sen 2 
see root : Sen 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:909 
Septm : seven 



A 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:909; kln:1426; gpl:41 



hapta : seven 

hapta-dasa : seventeen^ Dskm 

haptaiti : seventy 



Persian 03 bqt:2341 



haft: 



( ikia , «ji& , &a ) cia 



Germanic 03 ahd 



sibum: 



English 



seven, seventeen, seventy 



Latin 03 ahd 



septem : 



English 



September 



Indo-European 03 pok:909 
Ser 1 : to flow 



PART 1 



A 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 






^ 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:909 



hareva, haraiva : name of a river in Afghanistan 



h 


Persian 






harat : "the flowing" ol >A 



Latin 03 ahd 



Serum : liquid from animal tissue 



French 



Persian 03 mon 



Serom : liquid from animal tissue 



fa 



English 03 ahd 



414 



Ser 1 Ser 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:909 
Ser 1 : to flow 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:1003; KNT:205; IEC:1276 

Sreu, Sru:tof/ow 

OTGni : flow, running 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:1003; HRN:139 



rautah, raodah : river, 

flow 

raodaiti : flows 



Pahlavi 03 mon 



r6t 2 :r 



V 



Persian 03 bqt:969 



md:r 



rud-bar : riverside ®" Par 2 






Arabic 03 VDQ:226 



faUZa : land of rivers, garden 

PLA:138 derives it from Persian "raz: garden". See "Leudh". 



^ 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:346 



fWt:r 



Persian 03 mon 



rOWZeh : garden ^SJ 

Hafez C-wjUj^j^ C-^jJ* ^o-ilXxA <ola 



W 

V 

w 



Avestan 03 pok:1003 



ravan : river 
raonami : the rivers 

urvant, sru-vant:f/uen»y 



Germanic 03 ahd 



StraU-maZ : stream 



English 



stream 



Greek 03 ahd 



rhein : to flow 

rheuma : stream 
rhutmOS : rhyme 



French 



h 


Persian ffl mon:1693,1701 


' 




fOmatlSm : rheumatism fWAwJlflg ) 
ntm : rhythm, rhyme ^^j j 



v k 



^ I Latin 



fc 


English 03 ahd 


' 




rheumatism, rhythm 






English 03 ahd 


diarrhea, hemorrhoid, rhyme 



v* 



Persian UJ I EC: 1276 



ram : flight 

ramTdan : to shy, to be scared 





Hatef Esfahant l^jjjji Jrf>UX^)J ^UU _) cjii /jjlj 'y _ IfiJ-uOj /y }l fii j-it> J Jlji J>J ^l y 



415 



Ser 2 Sero 



Indo-European 03 pok:910 
Ser 2 -.protect 



^\ 






Avestan 03 POK:910; KLN:338 



haraiti, haurvaiti -.protects 

haurva 2: protecting 



Latin 03 kln:724 



SefVare : to keep, preserve 



French 03 ahd 



conserver, observer, etc. 



Persian 03 mon:3097 



konserv : c 



}j»M 



English 03 ahd 



conserve, observe, reserve, preserve 



W 



Greek 03 kln:724 



herOS : protector 

Heracles : a legendary strong man 



French 



Persian 03 MON5:2269 



herkiil : "protector 



J// 



^ 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



hero, Hercules 



Indo-European 03 pok:911; ieC:1131 



~X 



Ser 3, Ser6: 



to line up, arrange, sort 






Sanskrit 

03 IEC:1131; MON:5081 



Sarat : thread 
hara : string of beads 



Persian 03 IEC:1131; MON:5081 



har : string of beads, necklace, neck Afo 

Fsrdowst jU<Cxjt>l ^UU ill ^l j s _ jLa-S jl C>3j-5 O'j S*" '"'"i/ 



Avestan B3ieC:1131 



hara : mountain range 



Latin 03ahd:1538 



Serere : to arrange, join 
SOrS : lot, fortune 



English 03 ahd 



series, assert, insert 

sort, sorcerer, assort, consort 



W 



^ 



French 03vop:212 



seri, seriyal 



Persian UJvop:212 



Seri : series ( Ju ** ) \Sr» 



Sero 



see root: Ser 3 



41! 



Seu 1 Seu 1 



W 



Indo-European ffl POK:882; AHD:1538 
OGU 1 : one's own self 



^\ 



Avestan 

03 POK:882; BQT:718; BRT:1862; 



hva, hava, xva, xvaothra : self 
xvajo-ayao, xvadaya : 

alive from self, self destined, 
with eternal //fe^^Aiw 



I 



Pahlavi 

03 HUB:54; SNS:79 



XVat, XVeS : self 
Xvatay : God 



Persian 03 BQT:779; HRN:104 



>p 



XOd : self \ 

Xoda : "alive from self (jljj> < ljj> 

See "Ghu" for another possible root 



Avestan 03 POK:842; SNS:267; IEC:1351 



XWa-tam, XWa-t6 : the self, character, habit 
XVae-pati, XVae-paithya : one's own se/f®"pa 
"pati, paithya" means self or own in this combination 



Persian 03 POK:842; SNS:267; IEC:1351 



XU : character, habit (aX&a> < &>.U) a> 

XIS 1 : self \ J*>&> 






Germanic 03 ahd; kln ►- 



Latin 03ahd \>- 



Greek 03 ahd \>- 



^ 



Indo-European ffl syn 85,108 
OWG'SOr : one's own female 



W 



Avestan 



xvan-har: 



W I Germanic 03 ahd !►- 



^ I Latin 



English 03 ahd 



so, such, also, self, sibling 



English 



solo, sole, secret, secure, separate, seduce, 
select, sure, custom, suicide, segregate 



English 03 ahd 
ethics, ethnic 



Persian 



Xahar : "one's own female relative" 



J* 1 ^ 



English 



sister 



English 



sorority, cousin 



417 



Seu 2 Sew 



Indo-European 03 pok:912 



~X 



OGU £ :juice, to take liquid, squeeze 






Avestan 03 POK:912; KNT:211 



hail 1 : to press, squeeze 

haoma : ephedra plant, mahuang shrub 



Persian 03 HRN:249; BQT:2398 



rlOWm : a juicy plant which was considered very A -& 

holy by the ancient Aryan people 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SUp : soup 



French 03ahd:1234 



soupe 



Sanskrit 03knt:211 



SU '.press 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SLik : suck 
SUk : soak 



Indo-European 03 pok:913 



Seu 3, Su 4, Sutus: 



to give birth 






Avestan 03 POK:913; KLN:1473 



hav, hunami : to give birth 
hunUS: son 



Germanic 03 kln:1473 



h 


Persian LLI mon:1944 
SUp: soup '•mJtuM 





English 03ahd:1234 



soup 



English 03 ahd 



suck, soak 



English 



Indo-European 03 pok:914 

Seu 4, Sew ■. to boa 






Avestan 03 POK:914; KLN:1411 



havayan : they boil, roast 

havayeiti : roasts 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1411 



Siuthan : to boil 
SUth : swamp 



A 



English 



seethe, sod 



Sew 



see root: Seu 4 



41S 



S.f.f I Sfsyr 



Semitic 03 kln:275 



O.T.T : it is transparent 



w 



Arabic ffl kln:275 



Saffa : to be transparent 



I 



Persian 03 mon 



Saffaf : clear, transparent ( C-iXS lil& ) *j&lil& 



Arabic 03 kln:275 



Slff : light garment 



French 



chiffe : 



^ 



English 03 kln:275 



chiffon : silk fabric used for women's dresses 
AHD derives this word from a different root. 



W I Arabic 03 fsd:2 



Arabic 03 fva:232 



~X 



O.T.T: (to be) yellow 
Asfar -.yellow 



Za faran : saffron, a plant with purple flowers and orange stigmas 
PLA:145 claims "za'faran" is from Persian "zar-paran:with gold petals". 
CEL6:185 derives it from Indo-European "Kesuro: hair" {hairy plant). 
CEL6:233 claims that Arabs imported it from Kashmir in the 9-10th century 



Persian LLI mon:1739 



za'faran : 

saffron 



o'Ai 



W 



Middle Latin 

03 DEV:199; PRT:581; KLN:1372 



Safranum : saffron 



Old French 03 ah d : 1 1 42 



safron 



English 03 ahd 



saffron, safranine 



W 



Arabic 03 fsd:2157 



Safra : yellow, bile 



I 



Persian 03 fva:232 



safra : bile 



fc \jD*P i >jf*0 



^ 



Italian 

03 AHD:1142; KLN:1372 



Saf-fior : yellow flower 



Old French 



saflor 



English 03 ahd 



Safflower : a plant with orange flowers 



Pahlavi 03 MPP:88; BQT:1294; NYB:186 



"A 



Sfsyr, Sypsyr, Samser : 



V k 



Persian ffl bqt:1294 



SamsTr : sword yJUJ> 

Asjadr Marvazr j-*— £ **& \tyJ& 'j JJXjLaJ p- *-J )' - j*JuJ* jiil ^XKi 2> >A> oU (jy% 
BQT rejects derivation of "samsTr" from "sam-sfnlion's paw" by SKT:468. 



^ 



^ 



English 03 KLN:1397; SKT:468; HJB:804 



scimitar, cimetar 



415 



S.h.r Skaf 



Arabic 03 kln:1373 



~X 



O . n . r : a yellowish r 



W 



^ 



Arabic 

ffl KLN:1373; FVA:226; AHD:1143 



as-har : yellowish red 
Sahra : anything which has a 
yellowish red (sand) color, 
desert (due to its color) 



h 


Persian ffl fva:226 


' 




Sahra : desert ( ijj\^p ) \ J p t ^ s 



English 03 AHD:1143; KLN:1373 



Sahara 



Shu-shu 



ST1 



ST 2 



ST 3 



Sindhu 



see root: Chou-shu 

see root: Se 1 

see root: Se2 

see root: Sai 2 

see root: Syand 



Old Persian 03 mon:2083 



~X 



Sinkadrus: 



the red ore of mercury (mercuric sulfide) used as a pigment 



V k 



Persian ffl MON:2083; BQT:1302 



Sangarf : red lead, cinnabar, red pigment ( <Jj& p^\ ) <Jj& Ajju 

Kasaf Marvzr OS jSjJi X& jij'j J U<p C-i6 jU> - jj <0 j0 jj j Xm&W j\'j AjtilXi 



W 



Greek 03 kln:289 



kinnabari:red/ead 



^ 



Latin 

03 AHD:243 



cinnabaris 



French 
03 KLN:289 



cinbare 



English 

03 AHD:243 



cinnabar 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:916 



A 



Skabh 



to support 



Avestan 03 POK:916; SOD:152 



skambem : support 

Upa-Skambem : for support, a pi/far*" Upo 
fra-SCimbana : universe, world cr Pev 1 



► I Persian UJ POK:916; BQT:410; MON:798; FRS:183 



W 



Sogdian 03 SQP:152 



fcmbd : world 



peckam: a roof on ( £&> , £&> , S?p) Slji 

pillars, a room open all around, a pdrch "" 



RQdakf 



X) y t t»Xj& ujJ> J» jB - |W> <Gl> jlSi Jl> y 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 AHD; KLN:1430 



SCamnum : a support (for seating), bench 



English 



Shamble : bench 



Skaf 



see root: Sek 



420 



Skai Skaivos 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:917 
OK3I : shining, bright 



^\ 



Avestan 

03 POK:700,916; BQT:2047,674; KNT:184 



Cltra : clarity, face, also race and origin 
hu-citra : with nice face®"Su 1 
manUS-citra : with a manly face, 
or from the race of "Manush"^^ Men 1 



Persian 03 BQT:674, 2047, 2336; MON:5140 



cehreh : face 

hozir : beautiful 

ManUCehr : "from Manush family" 

Daqtqt jj*jt> lijldlj jbM /jJJ ^U> ^j£ O^** t_S ' 



»7*| 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:917; SOD:367 



caya, asaya : shade 



Sogdian 03 S0D:367 



Sy ' k : shade 



Persian 03 hrn:154 



Sayeh : shade <t>L» 



Greek 03 pok:917; ahd 



skena : tent 



w 



Latin 03 ahd 



SCaena : sfage 



French 



^ 





Persian ffl mon 

SenariO : scenario y )U*u 



English 



scene, scenario 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Sktnan : to shine 



English 



shine 



Old Iranian 03 ffd:63 



A 



Skaif, Skaip : ; 



W 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:63 



Skeb:pa(/en( 



^ 



Persian 03 ffd:64; mon 



Saklb : patient ( jL«*$J" i w»$J" ) u-**Sj" 

SakTbTdan : to he patient ( yjliji ) ^XsoiLi 



Skaip 



see root. 



Skaif 



Indo-European 03 wld2:537; ieC:1146 



A 



Skaivos : 



sinister, odd, strange 



W 

L 
^ 



Greek 03ieC:1146 



Skaios : awkward 



Latin 03ieC:1146 



SCaeVUS : sinister 



Persian UJ IEC:1146; MON:2085 



SUX : vulgar, rude, a joker, also beautiful ( J>aJ« ) p aju 

Hafez iij>-ljjl ^IjJiLS jlj \-A ^L> X,f? « ; 



421 



Skand Skel 



^ 



Indo-European 03 wld:540; ahd:1539 



~X 



Skand, Skend, Sqand, Kand 2 -.tocumb.ieap 

Skand -Sl a : step, ladder 



Latin 03 wld:540 



scandere : to climb 

SCalae : step, ladder 



Italian 



SCalo : ladder, 
platform, wharf 



Arabic 03 tad:4 



eskeleh : ladder, 
wharf 



Persian UJ mon:271 



eskeleh : wharf <J5w»l 



w 



v.. 



French 



aSCenseur : elevator 
eSChelle : ladder 



Persian 03mon:51,288 



asanSOr : elevator 



esel : scale 






w 

L 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 wld:540 



Skandati -.jumps, speeds 



English 03 ahd 



scan, ascend, descend, escalator, scale 



Greek 03 wld:540 



Skandalon : stumbling block, trap 



English 03 ahd 



scandal 



Skand-sla 



Skarna 



Sked 1 



see root: Skand 
see root: Sukurna 
see root: Sek 



Indo-European 03 pok:919 



~X 



Sked 2-.t, 






Sanskrit 03 pok:919 



Cadaiti : to cover 
Cattfa : cover, umbrella 



Persian 03 bqt:609,622 



Cador : veil 
Catr : umbrella 






Avestan 03 pok:919 



SadayantT : an article of clothing 



Skei 



Skel 



see root: Sek 
see root: Sek 



422 



Skel 1 | Skeng 



Indo-European 03 pok:928 
OKGl 1 : bent, curved 



~~\ 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:175; BQT:1288 


' 




Sal 1 : leg, thigh 


^ 




Salvar : "like legs", pants^We\ 3 


jliW 




Selang : step, also a leg exercise 


L^jJwwS 




Salpuy : sound from foot steps 


({Jsy&Jj tiSyy***) C?W-^ 




Bushakur Balkhr y^J, \J>y y, ijyjji ol<p jl (j'j 


_ j*&_i <C_&> ^j Jkp V-Xj jXJly 






Greek 03 pok:928 



skelos : /i 



English 03 ahd 



isosceles 



Greek 03 WLD:597; OEW:363 



Skhelos, kellos : crooked 



h 


Persian ffl WLD:597; HRN:192; MON:3012 


' 




kol : crooked jj 



Greek 03 pok:928; ahd 



kulindein : oend, roffi, 



French 



h 


Persian ffl mon 


' 




sTIandf : cylinder jjjj^u 



English 03 ahd 



cylinder, calender 



V* 



Greek 03 ahd 



kolon : limb, part, 
member, large intestine 



I 



I Arabic 03 tad:59 



Persian 

03 MON:2749; BQT:1548; ETM:45 



qulun ( gJ^S" ( gjy ) ^y 



► I Latin 03 ahd \>- 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



colon, semicolon 



Skel 2 



Skend 



see root: Sek 
see root: Skand 



Indo-European 03 pok:930 
Skeng : crooked, bent 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 pok:930 



haxti : that which bends, 
leg, shank 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:2 



haxt : thigh 



h 


Persian ffl hrn:279 


' 




hax : foot sole (obsolete) mjb 



Sanskrit 03 POK:930; SNS:2 



Sakthi : leg, shank 



Germanic 03 pok:930; ahd 



Skanko : that which bends, leg 



English 03 ahd 



shank 



423 



Skep | Sker 2 



Skep 



see root. 



Sek 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:935 
Sker 1 : to turn, bend 



Indo-European 03 pok:935; ieC:535 
KOI"-6na : bent 



W 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 SYN:857; BRT:46,451 



Karana : end, < 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:1611,1699; HRN:189 



kanar : edge, side 



V 



Persian 

03 BRT:451; SYN:857; IEC:535 



karan : e 



1 / 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 brt:46 



a-karana : end/ess®" ns 1 



W 



Greek 03 IEC:535; POK:935 



koeonOS : curved 



English 03 ahd 
crown, corona 



Indo-European 03 pok:935 
Kur-WO : bent, curly 



W 



Old Persian ffl FAF:513; KNT:180 



KufU : "curly hair", name of the founder of 
Persian empire who was born in 559 BC 

Kurus, Kuraus, Ku-ras, Ku-ra-as 



Persian ffl bqt; knt:180 



KurOSrl : "sun", a male name j-^g )V < if** )V 



W 



Greek 03 fsd:644 



Kuros 



Persian UJ faf:513 



J"3jV" < o"Sjy 



English 03 fsd:644 
Cyrus 



W 



Latin 03 pok:935 



CUrVUS : bent 
Crista : crest 
CrispUS : curly 



English 03 ahd 



curve, curb, curvature 

crest 

crisp, crepe 



W 

L 



Greek 03 pok:935 



krikos : 



Latin 03 pok:935 



CirCUS : circle 



English 03 ahd 



circus, circle, search 



^ 



Germanic 03 pok:935 



sWrinW: to shrivel up 

hringaz : circle 

hrugjaz : edge 



English 03 ahd 



shrink 

ring, ranch, range, rink, arrange, derange, ribbon 

ridge 



Sker 2 



see root. 



Sek 



424 



Skeu 1 Skeu 3 



Indo-European 03 POK:838,953 

OKGU 1 : to sneeze 
Pneil: to breathe 






Germanic 03 ah d : 1 535 



fniu: 



Greek 03ahd 



pneuma : wind, breath 



~~\ 



>— IPersian UJ POK:953; BQT:1102,1304 



SOnUSeh : sneeze ( i^iyji) , t^iyji ) tjiyji 

Rudakf tjiyj, \j ^IJJjO j^ ^^> ^U> _ ^ jO } y» <Oy J^/ 1 ' '/ 



English 



English 



pneumatic, pneumonia 






Indo-European 03 POK:952,953; IEC:1193AHD:1540 

Skeu 2, Sku, Keu 3, Ku 3: to cover 
Skur, Ku-z-dho, Kut-no : cover .sheii 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:952; knt:180; bqt:785 



Xa6da, Xauda : helmet 

tigra-Xauda : pointed (sharp) helmet^S 



Persian 03 POK:952; KNT:180; BQT:785 



XLid -.helmet ( }JpJt,% ) ^J> 



>— Persian 03 BQT:1562; MON:2821; SOD:187 



V 



Greek 03 IEC:595 



kutOS : hollow, belly, body 



kaz : hut, cover ( t,\\$ , \\$ , t,\\$ ) \\$ 

Molavt J_?u> <GjJL> ^IkLw ^U-O «)IS _p 

BQT claims these words are cognates of the Sogdian word "k'zk'kh". 



Avestan 03 pok:953 



kusra : vault, hole, cavity 



h 


Persian ffl pok:953 






KOS : external female genitalia ' ^ 



Germanic 03 pok:953; ahd 



huson, Uud'pn : cover 
hudiz, hudjan : skin, hide 
skuma : foam or scum covering water 



English 03 ahd 
hose, hut 

hide : skin 

skim, scum 



Latin 03 POK:953; IEC:595 



CUtis : skin 

0b-SCUrUS : covered, unclear 



English 03 ahd 



curium, cutis, 
obscure 



^ 



Persian ffl IEC:594,1193; MON:1899,3114 



SKUreh : earthen bowl (<^ S^i 4 $ )S*&\ <0 $*& ) )<&*& 
klJC : household, family, tribe m S 



Skeu 3 



see root: Keu 3 



425 



Skeud 1 Skeud 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:955 
SkeUd 1 : to throw, shoot 






Sanskrit 03 POK:955; HRN:99 



COdatT : to hurry, propel 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



skiutan, skuttjan : to shoot 

Skutilaz : dart, shuttle 

skutjon : comer of sail, a sheet of cloth 



~~\ 



Persian 03 POK:955; BQT:636 



COSt : quick, fast 



English 



shoot, shot, shut 

shuttle 

sheet 



Skeud 2 



see root: Keued 



42! 



Skhai Skhai 



Indo-European 03 pok:917 
OKllBI : to cut, strike 



~~\ 



W 



Old Persian 

03 ISS:84 



kai, ci: 



Pahlavi 03 ISS:84 



Celan : metal objects 
Celankar : metal worker 



Persian 03 mon:1327 



Cllan : small objects made of Iron ,'s/L?- 

Ctlangar : metal worker ( ijjjj ) ijj^jj 



^ I Latin 03 POK:917; AHD:186,217; ISS:84 



^ 



caedere : to cut 

a CaeSO matris Utere : "from the incised womb of his mother", 

Julius Cesar (or his ancestor) was born by this operation. 
Caementum : stone chips used to make lime 
Caelum : chisel 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd; kln:839 



kaisar : Caesar, born by 
"cesarean" section 



Wl 



Arabic 

03 BQT:1551 



qaysar : Caesar 



Persian 


UX BQT:217 


qeysar 


Caesar 


j'j2,*# 




Jw <0 Jw <W& 2> jlww wfl^S <0 


Ferdowsf 


Ov> 


j .iWw'wWjjl A^J»<^> y*i 'yi\ jl 



French 03 bqt:1551 



Persian 03 bqt 



Sezar: Caesar ( ^jljrf ) jljrf 



English 03 kln:839 
Caesar 



W 



Russian 03 bqt:1551 



tsar 



I 



French 



Persian 03 bqt 



tezar : Russian e 



j ] y 



English 03 ahd 
czar, tsar, tzar 



^l 



French 03ahd:217 



Persian UJ mon:1983 



Sement : cement ( ^U~» ) Cmaki 



English 03 ahd 



cement 



V 



English 03 ahd 



scissors, chisel, concise, precise, circumcise, incision 



Latin 03 FSD:1317; AHD:186 



Caesaria : an ancient 
seaport in Roman Palestine 



French 

03 AHD:703; FSD:1317; NAT:166 



Jersey : name of an Island north of 
France famous for its wool clothes 



Persian 03vop:203 



zerseh : 



^JJ 



English 03 FSD:1317; NAT:166 



Jersey, New Jersey 

jersey : originally a woolen sweater peculiar to fishermen of Jersey Isle 



427 



Skhed Skwalos 



Skhed 



Skou 



Sku 



Skur 



see root: Sek 

see root: Keu 3 

see root: Skeu 2 

see root: Skeu 2 



A 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:958 



Skwalo, Skwalos, Kwalo, Kwalos, Kwal : a / g fen, wn a/e 



Avestan 03 POK:958; SOD:194 



kara 2 : whale 



w 



Sogdian 03 S0D:194 



krw : big fish, whale 






Germanic 03 ahd 



hwaliz : whale 



Latin 03 ahd 



SqualuS: a land of fen 



Persian UJ S0D:194 



karv : a kind of fish 



>J 



English 03 ahd 



whale, walrus 



English 03 ahd 



squalene 



Skwalos 



see root: Skwalo 



42S 



S.l.m Sm 



W 



Semitic 03 KLN:1430; AHD:1541 



~x 



S.l.m, S . I . fTl : to be healthy and intact 



Arabic ffl KLN:1430; SAP:726; AHD:1541 



Salam : good health, peace (greetings) 
taslim : surrendering (for peace) 
Islam : surrendering (to will of God) 



W 



Malaysian ffl oew:451 



Salang : peace, greetings, fare well 



W 



Hebrew 03 KLN:828,1430,1471; AHD:1541 



Sal6m : peace, good health (greetings) 
ytTU-Sa\6m : city of peace (Jerusalem)^ Yarah 
Ab-Sal6m : father is peace (Absalom)^ Ab 2 



^ 



W 
^ 



Greek B3ahd:1541 



Salome : peace 
Salome : a female name 



Persian ffl mon; fva:196 



Salam : peace (greetings) f Aw 

jj^^U Oi-A^w <0 ',-qJwj O'y** -Lpl3 
Hafez Jj5 iU U Ji 5AW jS ijji <l> 



English 03 ahd 



Islam, Moslem 



English 03OEW:451; FSD:2316 



SO long : fare well 

Started as a colloquial among British soldiers. 



French 



Persian 03 M0N5:195 



UrsalTm: «,Ujjl 

"city of peace" 



English 03 kln:828 



salom, Jerusalem, Absalom, Solomon 



English 03ahd:1145 



Salome : an old female r 



S.l.m 



Sm 



see root: S.l.m 
see root : Sem 1 



425 



S.m/a Smer 



W 



Semitic 03 kln:1434 



~X 



S.m/a: 



Arabic 03 kln:1434 



Sami a: he heard 



Persian 03 mon; fva:197 



Sam a : hearihg *q*i 

Molavt -^5 ^1&3I ^tj-jjyl ^ui*W (JI19 *JU» 



V* 



Hebrew 03 kln:817,1434 



Shama' : he heard 
Sriema : sound, a prayer 
Yishma'-el : God hears 
^Layh 



Arabic 03 kln:817 



Isma'TI: "God hears", 
name of son of Abraham 



Persian 03 mon 



Esma'TI : "God hears", .LeLJ 

a male name, son of Abraham 



^ 



V^ 










Sam Un : Shimeon, Simeon, a follower of Jesus [")<**■**" 
Sorush JbU ^ j| &J}Xi ^a_JU— £ <0 - oLl |J}L**££ <0 jL&jIj ^LcJfc 








^ ► 


English ffl kln 

Shema, Simon, Simeon, Shimeon, Ishmael 



w 



Indo-European 03 pok:968 



A 



Smeit: 



to throw, send forward 



Avestan 

03 POK:968; KLN:988 



maeth : to send, throw 
hamista : thrown down, 
put down 

hamaestar : one who 

throws down, enemy 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:53 



hamestar : enemy 
hamestagan : awkward situation 



L. 



Persian UJ HRN:279; MON:5185 



hamTstar : enemy 

hamTstakan : a place between hell and heaven 

Almost obsolete words. 



ofc^ 



w 



Latin 03ahd 



mithere: to send off 



French 03 ahd 



V 



Persian 03 mon:3079 



komTsiyon : 



commission 



<^>0^ 



^ 



English 03 AHD; KLN:988 



commit, emit, omit, remit, submit, admit, permit, transmit, 
mission, commission, committee, missile, promise 



Smelo 



Smer 



see root: Mel 2 
see root: Mer 1 



430 



Smerd Sna 



Smerd 



see root: Mer2 



Semitic 03 kln:1379 



S.m.S:s 



^ 



w 



Arabic 

03 KLN:1379 



Sams : sun 



Persian UJ mon:2075 



Sams : sun ( -wX*iA t &**j&» t ^o^u ) .**«*" 



Hebrew 

03 KLN:1379 



semes : sun 

simSOn:aname 



Greek 

03 KLN:1379 



Samson 



Latin 

03 KLN:1379; AHD 



Samson 



French 



W 



V k 



^ 



Persian 


03 MON5:719 


Samson ^yjL, 

a male name 




English 


03 KLN:1379 


Samson 


, Sampson 



Arabic 03 fva:236 



~X 



S.n/a: 



to make, manufacture 



W 



^ 



Arabic 03 kln:108 



dar-as-sana' : house of 

construction, factory 
^D.v.r 



Greek 



Persian 03 mon; fva:236 



San at : industry £****p 



W 



Italian 03 KLN:108; LAM:95 



darsena, arsenale : naval dockyard 



English 03 ahd 
arsenal 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:971 
Ollcl : to flow, swim 



A 



Ave stan 

ffl POK:971; KLN:1030; HUB:15 



Sna : wash, swim 
US-Sna: wash ^Ud 1 



Persian ffl BQT:1298; HRN:176; AEF:118 



Sena : swim (jjs 

p 
OSnan : an alkaline plant used in washing, soap ( 'L&\ ) AwJul 

Ferdowsf 



W 
^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



neSOS : is/and 



English 



Polynesia, Indonesia 



431 



Sneigwh | Snu 



Indo-European 03 pok:974 
SnGIC|Wn : snow, to snow 



~~\ 






Avestan 03 POK:974; KLN:1466 



snaez, snaej, snaeza : to snow 



h 


Persian ffl hrn:292 


' 




Snehr : snow (obsolete) j&Jwtf 



Sogdian 03 S0D:376 



SneS : to snow 



Germanic 03 pok:974 



SnaiWaZ : snow 



English 03 ahd 



Sner 



Snerq 



Sneu 



Sneu 



see root: Ner2 

see root: Ner2 

see root: Sai 2 

see root: Sai 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:978 



Sneudh, Neudh: 






Avestan 03 pok:978 



snaoda : cloud 



Latin 

03 KLN:1059; AHD 



nubes : cloud 



^ 



French 03 kln:1059 



nue : cloud 

nuance : shade, a slightly different 
meaning of a word 



English 

03 AHD; KLN:1059 



Snog 



Snu 



see root: Nog 
see root: Sai 2 



432 



So Soito 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:979 
So, To : this, that 



^\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:979; ZFS:51 



ha 2, ho, hau 2, hauv, hya : it, 

that, the 

ava-hya, awa, awam : he, she 

Sim, Sam : him, her 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:197 



ke : that 

ava : he, she 

ava-Sam : plural form 
used as a sigh of 
respect for he/she 



Persian 03 BQT:1230; HRN:31,170 



Keh : that ( <&T < *SjjJ ) 4 



OU : he, she 

Tsan : he/she, him/her 



3' 



W 



Avestan 03ahd:1541 



ha-mazan : the warrior 
^Magh 2 



I Latin 



Wl 



v» 



French 



Persian ffl MON5:58 



woman warrior (obsolete) 
name of a river 






English 03 AHD:40,1541 



Amazon 1 : woman warrior 
Amazon 2 : name of a river 



^► [Germanic 
^ 



Eng 


lish 


03 ah: 














the 


this 


they, 


there 


than 


then 


that, 


them, 


she 



Arabic 03 kln:1468 



A 



Soffeh 



seat saddle, varendah 



Persian ffl mon:2156 



SOffeh : seat saddle, varendah Aj^p 

Tahereh GhazvTnT A <0 y 6} j> <0 oJly 2 ^ij 4jL,# <0 4jL,# _ ly ^> Jj-Ji 3 &*j£ \ jMh jl><p" 0^ )^ 






Turkish 03 kln:1468 



sofa 



English 03 AHD:1227; KLN:1468 



sofa 



French 03 kln:1468 
sofa 



Soito 



see root: Se 1 



433 



Sol | Sophos 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:979 
Sol, SolO:»/ro/e 



"~X 



Avestan 03 pok:979 



haurva 1 : whole, all, each 
haurvatat : completeness, perfection 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:729,2318 
har : each Jb 
Xordad : "perfect" ib J> 





Greek 

03 POK:979; AHD; WEB:286 



holos : whole 
kata-holos : whole, 

universal 
holo-kaUStOS : burnt 



Greek 03ahd 



katholicos : 

whole 
undivided 
church of 
Christ 



I 



French 

03 AHD 



catholique 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:2783 



katolik : 
"general" 



\S*j<£v 



English 



Catholic 



Arabic 03 tad:19 



jaselTq : universal, 
a rank in the 
Catholic church. 



Persian 03 MON:1199; FSF:141 



jaselTq 



a Catholic rank 






v» 



English 03 ahd 



holograph, hologram, holocaust 



v* 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



SOliduS : intact, solid 

SallJS : whole condition, good health (salutation) 

SalvUS : healthy, safe 



English 03 ahd 



solid 

salute 

safe, save, salvation 



Solo 



see root. 



Sol 



Greek 03ahd:1232 



SophOS : 



W 



Greek 03ahd:1232 



SOphisma : a skilled but false 

reasoning, fallacy 
philo-SOphoS : fond of wisdom 

^Bhili 



L 



Latin 



French 



^ 



Arabic 03 tad:35,53 



Safsatah : fallacy 
falsafah : philosophy 



Persian 03 mon:1889,2567 



Safsateh : fallacy <da«x» 

falsafeh : philosophy <w»Ji 



English 03ahd:1332 



sophist, sophism, sofist, sofism, Sophia 
sophisticated, sophomore, philosophy, 



434 



Sosen Sosen 



W 



Egyptian 03 kln:1548 

Sosen : lotus 



^\ 



Arabic 

03 KLN:1548 



sausan : my 



Pahlavi 03 mon:1954 



sawsan, susan:///y 



Persian 03 mon:1954 



SUSan : lily 



a 






Hafez jJ;U ;JO J j^>> J^ly JL^i ^xXp ^> 






Hebrew 

03 KLN:1548 



sosannah : my 



Greek 

03 KLN:1548 



sousanna 



Late Latin 

03 KLN:1548; AHD:1296 



sausanna 



English 

03 AHD:1296; KLN:1548 



Susan : a female r 



Akkadian 03 kln:1548 



Aramaic 03 kln:1548 



435 



Spek | Spek 



W 






Indo-European ffl pok:984 
OpGK : to look, examine 



^\ 



Avestan 03 pok:984 



Spasyeiti : to observe, watch, wait on (serve) 
Spas, SpasanO -.guard, watcher 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:154 



Spas : to serve, 
wait on 



Persian 03 bqt:1086 



SepaS : (hanks 



(/'V* 



w 



Pahlavi 03snS:117 



pasban : guard, polic 



h 


Persian B3sns:117 






pasban : policeman ,*)L*l) 

Hafez Cw> ^> j jw&y*> ^> ^uaLw ^>^ ^^w ^> 



Latin 03ahd 



Specere : to look at 



English 



respect, suspect, expect, inspect 
specimen, spectrum, special, species 



Greek 03ahd 



skopOS : one who watches 

epi-SKOpOS : one who oversees, a bishop^^ Epi 






Old Persian 03 mon:1901; fsf:228 



Skuba : bishop, priest 



Persian UJ MON:1901; FSF:228 



Sekuba : a Christian bishop IjjSwj 

(J j«Ji$ j& M ^^ -Ul£y 
Fsrdowst l5j-+" J> J Jir*! J ^)J^<" 



Arabic 03 mon:270 



OSqof : bishop 



Persian 03 MON:270; FSF:44 



OSqof : bishop 

Fsrdowst j^ii p>j^. f\j Cj ^| jjj j _ jjXLui (JO £-J& <Vy^> i-iiLol <U 



Latin 03ahd 



miCrO-SCOpiUm : showing small objects^ Gwsi 
tele-SCOpium : showing far objects^ Kwsl 
peri-SCOpium : showing around^ Per 1 



French 



Persian 03 mon 






^ 



English 03 ahd 



scope, microscope, telescope, periscope 



W 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



spehon 



English 



spy, espionage 



43* 



Spelgh | Sper 



Indo-European 03 pok:987 



~X 



Spelgh, Sphelghen 



spleen 






Avestan 03 POK:987; KLN:1492 



Sperezan : spleen 



h 


Persian 03 HRN:155; MON:1827 
SeporZ : spleen \ **, 





Sanskrit 03 SNS:176 



splThan : spfa 



Greek 03ahd 



Splen : splei 



English 



spleen 



Indo-European 03 IEC:971; pok:988 

Spen, Pen, Poiri: twist 

Peild : turn, spin 



"~X 



h 


Persian LLI IEC:971; MON:970 


' 




pineh : patch of cloth, calluses &X*jj 






Germanic 03 ah d : 1 542 



spinnan : to spin 

Spithra : spinner, spider 
Spin-il6n : spindle 
Spannjan : to bind, span 



English 03 ahd 



spin, spider, spindle, span 



Latin 03ahd:1542 



pendere : to hang 



English 03 ahd 



pendant, pension, append, compensate, depend, 
expend, perpendicular, suspend, pendulum 



Latin 03ahd:1542 



pondo : by weight 



English 03 ahd 



pound 



Indo-European 03 POK:997; IEC:613,1056 

Sper, Quseros, Keros: sparrow 






Pahlavi ffl mon:1789 



Sar : sparrow 



h 


Persian 03 IEC:613,1056; MON:1789 






Sar-.sparrow (4^-jLu ( t jL» <(JjL»<0 jL») ' jL» 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:1056 



carah : 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 542 



Sparwan : sparrow 



English 03 ahd 



sparrow 



Greek 03 IEC:613,1056 



psarOS, pser : starling 



437 



Spereg | Spergh 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:996,998; OEW:337 



~x 



Spereg, Sphereg, Spergh -.tosweii, sprout, jump, begin 



Avestan 

03 PRT:645; KLN:1481; SYN:525 



Sparega : a kind of sprout 

fra-sparega : twig cr Per 1 



Pahlavi 

03 SNS:175,177 



Sparm : a plant 
Speg : blossom 



Persian 03bqt:1118 



espargam : a p/an( -i^^ul 
sah-esperam : * „„| 8 Us 

an aromatic plant 



^ 



W 



Greek 03 FSD:168; PLA:18 



asparagos : a sprout 



Arabic 03 pla:18 



esferaj : asparagus 



Persian 03 MON:268; BQT:130 



esferaj : asparagus 



T I Ju*l 



Sogdian 03 S0D:63,94 



sp rgmy: sprout 

'sprXS:fw/gs 



English 03 ahd 



asparagus, sparse, spark 






Avestan 03 pok:998 



a-sperez-ata, a-speren-ah : result of efforts, prize 



Sogdian 03 SOD:10 



asp nh : compensation, prize 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Spreg : sprinkle 



English 



sprinkle 



Middle German 

03 POK:997; KLN:1481; AHD:1542 



Spar : bird, a bird's sound, bird's trap ? 



Middle English 

03 KLN:1481; AHD:1542 



Sparwe:asma//(j/rd 



English 03 kln:1481 
sparrow 



W 



German 03 kln:1481 



Sperling :s 



h 


Persian ffl MON:232; AEF:105; HRN:19; HUB:13 


' 




espamd: sparrow ( ^^J^>\ t $j»J ) ^j*d 
Loghatnameh Jl-jyul JljLl £ ^U ij _ J^joI Jj_U> £ qU& JL^ 
These are cognates with the German word "Sperling:sparrow". 



w 



v* 



Germanic 03 POK:998; OEW:337 



springan: to jump 

See "Spher" for another possible root 



English 03 POK:998; OEW:337 

spring 



^ 



Indo-European ffl KLN:1483; POK:996 



OpTGK, OpTGC| : to cry out, make noise, speak 



T 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Sprek : to speak 



English 



speak, 
speech 



Spergh 



see root. 



Spereg 



43£ 



Sphallein | Sphelghen 



Greek 03 KLN:114; AHD:78 



~x 



Sphallein : cause to fall, slip 
From an unknown Semitic root 



v* 



Greek 03ahd:78 



a-Sphallein : not slippery, a bonding agent^ Ns 1 
asphaltos : tar 



h 


Persian UJ bqt:1024 
Zeft : tar C-S) 





Wl 



Latin 03ahd 



French 



Persian UJ MON:264; VOP:12 



asfalt ( <ci\LA , cJlL»l ) cJlL»T 



V» 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



asphalt 



Indo-European 03 pok:985 



~X 



Sphel: to split 






Avestan 03 pok:985 



spara : shield 



Persian 03 hrn:155 



separ : shield 



JT" 



Sanskrit 03 pok:985 



sphal : to c 



Persian 03 bqt:1085 



Spar : the cutting tip of plow 



Latin 03 pok:986 



spelta : split c 



^ 



jV" 



English 



Spelter :zinc ore 
pewter : tin alloys 



Sphelghen 



see root: Spelgh 



435 



Spher | Spinakion 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:992 



~X 



opnGT : ankle, also to move fast, spread 



Avestan 03 POK:992; BQT:1086; HRN:154 



Spar: to walk 

apa-Spar : walk up to, trust (BQT:1086) *" Apo 

US-Spar : to walk away, trust (HRN:154) *" Ud 1 



Persian 03 BQT:1086; SNS:19 



separdan : walk, trust ( ^ ^j** ) ^ ^ jL» 

SeparT : past walked by ^ wm« 



Greek 03 pok:992 



Spairen : to walk In a bouncing manner 
Sphaira : a bouncing object, ball 



► French 



Persian 03 mon:32 



atmOSfer : "sphere of v 



1$iMitJfin} 1 



English 03 ahd 



sphere, atmosphere 



v* 



Pahlavi 

03 ETM:6( 



Spihr: sphere, 
sky 



Persian UJ ETM:68, MON:1827 



Sepehr: sky, fate { See "Kuei" for another possible root) A*& 

Hafez 01-wjO jul>l j—il O JJJO y O - jul>l <L> I ) y>& jO Q j^*^ y^ 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 kln:1497 



spnngan: to jump 



English 03 kln:1497 



spring: to jump 

AHD & POK:998 claim this is from root "Spereg: to jump" 



Sphereg 



Spheud 



Sphieu 



see root: Spereg 
see root: Peud 
see root: Spyeu 



Greek 03 MON:227 



Spinakion: iii f: 



V* 



Arabic 
03 MON:227 



spanaj 



^ 



Persian UJ mon:227 



espenax : sp/nach ( *bL»l< rliiul ) fL~»l 



W 



Arabic 03 KLN:1489; SKT:507 



isbanax : spinach 



w 



Spanish 03 kln:1489 



espinacia 



W 



Middle Latin 

03 KLN:1489 



spinachia 



French 
03 KLN:1489 



espinard, epinard 



English 

03 SKT:507; AHD 



spinach 



440 



Avestan ffl bqt:1249 



O piS : an insect, bug, flea 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:1249 



SpiS : flea 



^ 



Spis | Sqombh-no 



~X 



Persian 03 BQT:1249; mon:2022 



Sepes : flea ( J^Ji\ , Sjy& , <Uy& ) Jy& 

Molavr *j£j*j* (£\ Pjj I cJ^> >a_£ - *m& £*A$JiwJj f^3^ *** ) ' ^ . 



Indo-European 03 wld2:621 
SpOngO -.fluffy, empty 



v* 



Greek 

03 WLD2:621 



SpongOS : sponge 
SpoggOS -.sponge 



Pahlavi 

03 SOD:64 



Spynj : sponge, 
hollow, a 
temporary 
house, Inn 



Persian UJ VFO:22; BQT:1090 



S6panj : hollow, worthless material world, Inn «^« 

Fsrdowst ^y, /jAoi ^*9jy V OS"? c"~i 



W 



Sogdian 03 sqd:64 



SpnC : inn, rest house 






Arabic 03 tad:35 



al-esfanj : s 



Persian 03 BQT:130; MON:269 



esfanj : j 



PG*JL«I 



^ 



Latin 03 kln:1494 



spongia, fungus 



English 



sponge, fungus 



Spreg 



Sprek 



see root: Spereg 
see root: Spereg 



Indo-European 03 pok:1000 



~X 



Spyeu, Sphieu 



to spit 



fc 




h h 


Persian UJ POK:1000; BQT:502 

p 
tof : spit kUHj 

tofang : "spitter", gun l5*j&3 








► 


Sanskrit ffl iec:1005 






sthivamT : spit 



H 

L 

^ 



Germanic 



Greek 03 I EC: 1005 



ptuo : spit 



English 03 ahd 



spit, sputter 



Sqand 



Sqombh-no 



see root: Skand 
see root: Kamma 



441 



S.r.b Sreu 



Arabic 03 fva:208 



S.r.b: 



W 



Arabic 03 fva:208 



Sarab : a drink 



W 



^ 



Latin 03 kln:1450 



SiripUS : a drink 



~~\ 



h 


Persian ffl mon; fva:208 


' 




Sarab : w/ne ( ^jk 4 ^Sj&fl ) yl^i 

Sarbat : sherbet c*> «& 

2> jljjl pjji Oj_i jji <UA I j j^w jit - Ji jljjl ftxi CU*0 ^J-I jl aOu jl JU 
Hafez ' " ' 



Wl 



Turkish 



French 



English 03 kln:1434 
sherbet 



English 



syrup 



Srem 



see root: Ser 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:1002 
SriinO : thigh, hip 



V* 



Avestan 03 pok:1002 



rana 2 : thigh 



W 



^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:339 



Persian UJ BQT:932; HRN:135 



ran : thigh 



O'J 



Indo-European 03 pok:1002 
SresW: to drip 



W 



Avestan 03 pok:1002 



Srask: (eardrop 



^ 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:1124;SNS:183 



Sresk : drop 



Persian 03 POK:1002; BQT:1124 



Seresk: (eardrop 



lXm 



'J» 



Hafez c$ j A) ^liy^ q Xal oi «*> j)L 



Sreu 



see root: Ser 1 



442 



Sanskrit 03 KLN:823; MON:2050 



Srgala, Crgala:/ . e 

BQT:1270 indicates the root may be from Babylonia 



v* 



Pahlavi 03 mon:2050 



Sagal : coyote 



^ 



Srgala | Srva 2 



~X 



Persian UJ kln:823 



sagal, sogal : coyofe ( J^ , JlSjs ) J^ 



Wl 



Turkish 



English 03 kln:823 



jackal 



Avestan 03 bly:78 



O Tl ra : satisfied 
Avestan "srfra" was found in POK:618 
with the meaning of "pretty". 



W 



"A 



Pahlavi ffl bly:78 



Ser : satisfied, not hungry 



^ 



Persian 03 bly:78 



SIT : not hungry, satisfied, full ( ^| y^» ) y^» 

Attar to j| Js\( jA*A <Uax) Jw _ U jl Ji IjJ X&j j^ti jS 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1277 

Srisa, Srisna: me, saw 



Persian 


UJ 


IEC:1277; 


MON:209 




















arreh : 

Anvarf 


saw 


(JuL> <G 


3 i^Xwiu 


•3 


J.^ 


<0 


-iiW 


•Uljb-j 


(^5-Lw 


o j^Xfl 


;i 


•3' 






Latin 03 I EC: 1277 



Greek 03 I EC: 1277 



rhine : file 



English 03 AHD; KLN:1424 



Serra : a saw-iike organ 
Serrate : notched 

serradela, serranoid, serriferous, serriform, serrulate 



Srisna 



Sru 



see root: Srisa 
see root: Ser 1 



Avestan 03 BQT:1116; SYN:617; BRT:1649; SNS:183 



"A 



STL! 3, SrVa 2:lead(metal) 



W 
^ 



Pahlavi 03 HRN:161; BQT:1116; SNS:183 



SrpTn, Sruben : lead, made of lead 



h 


Persian ffl MON:266,1854; BQT:1116; SNS:614 


' 




SOrb : lead ( kJ& P )**>\ t u-> P w«l ) u-> **> 



Srva 2 



see root: Sru 3 



443 



w 



Sta | Sta 

Indo-European 03 pok:1008,1009 

Sta, Stha, StaW-. to stand 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 BQT:123; HRN:20; POK:1008 



Sta 1 : to stand, to set 

sta 1 , stata, sta 1 , sti 



W 



Persian ffl BQT:289,1097, HRN:20 


- Stan : location of 


center of 




£}W«- 


bagstan : location 


(mountain) ofgoc/^Bhag (A 


fwrf) 


o^ 


Setak : branch 


( T W«l <utUI i 


fw 


I UUiM 




'wMWwW ijjw AjveJp |")<^> i *y},y*£> 


I ^xJ^, 


lr*y 


Kasaf Marvzf 


'J5* .3 jy £j>, 05? ^r 3 


OlwJ 


3 £u 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 BQT:123; HRN:20; POK:1008; KNT:210 



adi-Sta : in standing^" En 
tap-Stana : place (time) of heat^Tap 
a-Stana : entrance 
Stuna, Stuna : column, pillar 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:67 



"st'wn:p///a/ 



h 


Persian 03 bqt; mon 


' 




Tstadan ( ^L. , J\l*\ ) ^\l^>\ 

tabestan : "heat season" ^jZ^JC 

astan : entrance ( {i\ij\ ) \\ij\ 
p 

SOlUU: pillar ( ^\ ) ^f^ 



V 



Avestan 

03 KLN:1222; POK:1008; SYN:1376; SOD:439 



ava-Stata, hv6-ISta : standing in front (of students) 
f ra-Sta : "stand forward", send^ Par 1 
fra-ais, fraesta -."sent forward' '®"psr1 
par-Sta ifstend around], worship'^' Per 1 
par-Sti : "stand up", back *" Par 1 
a-X-Sta, aXStl : puf in place, put in peace 



Persian UJ bqt:1463; 


HRN:66,182 


OStad : teacher 

ferestadan : send 
parastTtan : worship" 




post : back cJSj 
astT : peace Zji I 



w 



Old Persian 03 knt:210 



ava-Sta : set down, restore 
ni-Sta, nista : command 



W 



Avestan 

03 POK:1009,1011; KLN:1508; HRN:205 



Sta-Xra : firm, hard 

Sta-Xma, Sta-mba : hardship, cruelty 
vi-Sta-ka : harsh, rude^Wi 
Stura : thick, large, husky 



h 


Persian 03 HRN:158-9,205; BQT:1099,1816 






estaxr : "firm" A^J 




Setam : "hardship" J^ 
gOStaX : "hard mannered" ( * tj ) * t»5 




SOtorg : "large and strong" Ct y**» 




Ferdowsi 



w 



^ 



Avestan 

03 POK:866; MON:191; AVG:237; LEW:904 



ratha-estra : "standing o, 
a chariot", warrior Ret 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:97, 1895; ARB:203 


' 




artestar:so«/er (J^>jh j^jl 

laskar : army ( ^SLj= ) jSjil 



444 



Sta Stak 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1008,1009 

Sta, Stha, Stak -.to stand 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Latin 03 ahd 



Stabulum : standing plai 



I 



Arabic 03 mon ►- 



Persian 03 mon:266 



establ : stable jjjj 



English 03 ahd 



Stable 1 : horse shelter 



^ 



Germanic 



Standan : to stand 



French 03ahd:1257 



estandard : (a nag) 

standing firmly Kar 1 



h 


Persian ffl mon:239 


' 




estandard : standard, ^jljjh^l 
a hard standing rule" 



English 03 ahd 



standard 



V» 



English 03 ahd 



stand, station, steel 



^ I Latin 03 ahd \>- 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



constant, cost, distance, exit, instant, substance 
store, resist, statistics, system, 

Stable 2 : steady 



Indo-European 03 pok:1010 

Stai 1 , Tai : to steal 



A 






Old Persian 

03 FFD:59 



Stan, Sta 3:tostea/ 



Persian 03 HRN:157; BQT; FFD:59 



Setadan : to grab, steal ( ^XLu , £)Jud ) fr&*i 

Fsrdowst J_j 4 |j j| ^y, (Jjj 4j Xol Is - llf Jjl&j I j •JjS cJS <Vy^> 



Avestan 03 pok:1010 



tayu : thief 



Sogdian 03 S0D:384 



t'y -.thief 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 POK:1010; SYN:790 



Stena, Sta : to steal, t 

stayu, tayu:ft/ef 



Stai 2 



Stak 



see root: Stei 
see root: Sta 



445 



Stebh Stebh 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1012 
OtGDn : support, stem 



Avestan 03 POK:1012; BQT:1098; SOD:363 



Stawra : firm 

stambana : support 

Stembya : hard 



W 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:1098; FVQ:59; MON:261,262 



Stapr, Stawr : strong 

hostubar, asto-bar: firm®" Bhsr 
asto-ban:f/rm®"pa 



Sogdian 03 S0D:63 



stmb: 






Old Persian 03 bqt:1100; knt:210 



Stambaka : strong 
Stamb : stand firm, revolt 



Sogdian 03 S0D:66 



St np : strong, violent 



Germanic 03 ahd 



^*- 1 Greek 



~X 



Persian 03 BQT:127, 1098; FVQ:59; MON:240 



Setabr : strong, thick 
estabrak : strong cloth 
OStOVar : firm, an army rank 
OStOVan : firm, an army rank 



/ T • I » ' \T • I » I 






Persian 03 bqt; fsf:223 



Setonbeh : strong, violent, ugly 
VTs-o-Ramtn <t CJiy>i <l> j>Jj yii 



English 



stamp, stump, staple, step, staff 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



Steven , Stephen 



44! 



Steg | Stei 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1013 
Steg, Teg: to cover 



~x 



Old Persian ffl knt:186 



tacara : cover, house, castle 



Persian ffl HRN:84; BQT:472 



tajar : winter house, castle 



Nazan Qahestanf 






Persian 

03 AHD:1543; KLN:1510 



taj:c 



W 



Persian 03 hrn:81 


; BQT:458 










Tajik 






< 


^w«Xc>-u ) 


lX^U 


taZI : /Iran 










Lijtf 


Sa'dt (As- jiSu 


0^> J y 0*^/3 


■ f 3J 3 


Ovw>U 


j Jjjj gJjO o >p 


Originally, "tazf, tajT: royal" referred to Iranians in Yemen 


. Later it 






referred to Arabs. MON:996 derives "tajfk" from Turkish 


:tat: farmer". 





Persian ffl mon:996 



taj-Var : crown wearer, king ^^ Bher 1 



j*r 



b 



W 



Greek 03 PRT:719; SHP:358 



tiara : a head dress (crown) 



English 03 prt:358 
tiara, tire, attire 



Persian UJ mon:1014 



tayer:»re,", j> 

"wheel crown" 



■b 



^+- 1 Hindustani 



English 03 prt 



Taj Mahal : royal place (palace), a mausoleum In India 






Germanic 03 pok:1013; ahd 



thakjan : to cover 

thakam : roof 



English 03 ahd 



thatch : foliage used for building roofs 

deck 



Latin 03 ahd 



tegere : to cover 
tegula : tile 



English 03 ahd 



tile, toga 
detect, protect 



^ 



Old Irish 03 ahd 



tech : house 



Irish 03ahd:1191 



Sean tig : old house 



English Q3ahd:1191 

Shanty : cabin 



Indo-European 03 pok:1010 

Stei, Stai 2 -.stone 






Avestan 03 POK:1010; KLN:1518 



Sta 2, Stay : heap 



Germanic 

03 AHD 



StainaZ : stone 
Stlfaz : stiff 

x — 



Swedish 

03 AHD:1381 



tung-sten : 

heavy stone 



I French 



Persian UJ amd:628 



tangstan : "heavy stone" 



jJx 



English 03 ahd 



stone, tungsten, stiff 



447 



Steig | Steig 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1016 



~X 



Steig, Stig, Teig ■. pointed, sharp 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:1016 



tigra : sharp, pointed 

taeza, taega : sharp 

tigra : Tigris, 
"fast moving" river 



<, 



Persian ffl BQT:543,1104,1105 



tir : "pointed" thing, sharp, arrow («J t V^jJJt wj 

tlf-kas : a bag for carrying arrows, gu/Ver^Kenk 1 ( A$ S) $»5 y3 

S61IZ : "sharp" ( jCwmw i &%****> i A.U Vwm« ) \****> 

setThTdan : to fight ( ax^£U« ) ax*&*1* 



* ►Semitic G3irn:112 



Diglat: 7/gris 



w 



Arabic 

03 IRN:112 



DTjIat 



Persian 03 MON5:520; IRN:112 



De'\\eh : "fast river", Tigris &h>} 

Diyaleh : name of another river in Iran <uto 

Ferdowst ^|jj>- iX^i I j J_3j jl y lj)l*> - Os) c^'-^ s-^'S^fr' J"*' 
"Arvand :swift (river)" is translation of "Dejleh: fast (river)". 



W 



Greek ffl prt:667 



tigriS : fast running 



English ffl PRT:667 



tiger : a fast running animal 
Tigris : a fast moving river 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



Stizein : to prick 

a-Stigmat : without a (focal) point 



French 



Persian 03 mon:54 



astigmat olXl*T 



^ 



English 



astigmatism 



W 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Stik : to prick, attach 



French 03 ahd:451 



etiquette : label, a set of instructions 



Persian 03 mon:140 



etiket : n 



C^Xol 



English 



etiquette 



V* 



English 



stick, ticket 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



Stinguere : to separate, distinguish 



English 



distinguish, extinguish, instinct 



44S 



Steigh | Ster 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:1017 



~X 



Steigh, Stoigh 



to stride, step, rise 






Greek 03 pok:107; ahd 



Stoixeion : shadow line, element 



Arabic 03 tad:3 



estoqOS : element 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:266 



OStoqOS : substance, strength ..'a'U.M 



Sanskrit 03 pok:1017 



Stignoti : he climbs 



English 03ahd:1269 



Stoichiometry : determining different elements in a chemical compound 



Greek 03 ahd 



StiXQS : row, line 



English 03ahd:1268 



stitch 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Staigrf :sfa/r, step 



English 03 ahd 



stair 



Stena 



see root: Ten 2 



^ 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1029 



~X 



Ster 1, Stor, Stn 



to spread 



Avestan 

03 KLN:1522; FFD:73 



Star 1 : to spread 
Wi-Star : to spread 
apart^Wi 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:278,1816; HRN:205 



Vi-Startan : to spread 

out^Wi 
Vi-Starak : bed (spread 

for sleeping) ^^ Wi 
Xak-astar : spread dust 

(fire ashes) 



Latin 

03 KLN:1522 



Strata : paved 
path 



► Greek 03 kln 



Persian UJ BQT:702,1816; SNS:273; FFD 



gOStardan : to spread \} jl«0 

bastar : bed i«j 

Xakestar : ashes Z»S\* 

Fsrdowst ( vuO j jj, ^i^i I jXa ZJ& <0 



Aramaic 03 kln:56 



israta: paved paft 



w 



Arabic 

03 POK:56; FVQ:195; TAD:34 



Serat : paft, way 



\* 



Persian 03 mon 



Serat : road |j| ^ 

Mjub CO y> t y C-3 j«u y C-**0 
Molavf 



English 03 ahd; kln 
stray, street 






Latin 03 ahd 



Struere : to construct 
industria : activity 



English 



construct, destroy, instruction 
industry, structure 



Greek 03ahd:1273 



StratOS : multitude, army 
StratOS-agein : army feader®" Ag 



French 03ahd:1273 



Strategie : a military plai 



^ 



Persian 03 mon:246 



esteratezT 



Li^iljl-I 



English 03ahd:1273 
strategy 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Strawam : scattered 



English 



straw 



445 



Ster 2 Ster 3 



Indo-European 03 pok:1027 
Ster 2: ster 



~x 






Avestan 03 pok:1027 



star 2 



h 


Persian 03 ahd 


' 




setareh : star qM^ 




Farrokhzad ^U— wl CU*0 j<p 'j\ Olfi\ _ ^U3 j'j Ju <p U GjUw ^^> 




IEC:260 derives "setareh" and "axtar" from the same root. See "Apanak". 



Germanic 03 ahd 



sterron : star 



English 



star 



Greek 03ahd:81 



aster 

aster-lambanein : taking (measuring) stars 



Persian 03 mon:248; etm:45 



OStor\ab : astrolabe ( t_»^f i»»iil ) t_»^f i»»l 



" ^ 



English 03 ahd 



asterisk, astrolabe, disaster 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



sterron : star 



English 



constellation 



Indo-European 03 pok:1022 

Ster 3, Sterp : s» 






Pahlavi 03 hrn:86 



turUS : sour (stiff) taste 



Persian UJ POK:1022; BQT:485 



torOS, tors: sour ( i,3 , U J ) ^jbj 



Latin 03 ahd 



torpere : to be stiff 



English 



torpedo 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Sterk : to move stiffly 

Staren : to look with stiff eyes (stare) 

Strut : to stand firm 

starkjan : to stiffen 

Sterben : to become rigid (die) 




h 


Persian 03 mon:238 






estart : start O jt<«l 



w 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



SterOS : solid 



English 03 ahd 

stereo 
cholesterol 



Persian 



estenyO : "solid, three dimensional" -j ^m\ 

kolestrol : "hard gall, first found in gallstones" J. Z^iS 



450 



Ster 4 Steu 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:1031 
Ster 4: barren 



~~\ 






Sanskrit 03 pok:1031 



Stari : infertile, barren 



Persian 03 BQT:1100; MON:1833 



Satarvan : sterile ( fo j=J ) fo p, 



Latin 03ahd 



Sterilis : unfruitful 



French 



h 


Persian ffl mon:249 


' 




esterTITzeh : sterilized ovJjjld 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



sterile, sterilize 



Sterp 



see root: Ster 3 



Indo-European 03 pok:1035 



~X 



Steu 1 : 



to praise 



W 



Avestan 
03 POK:1035 



StaV : to praise 
Staoiti : praised 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:747,1098; SNS:31 



StayTtan : to praise 
astvan : believer, 

trusted 
astoban : confessor 



^ 



Persian 






ffl BQT:1101 


HRN:159; NYB:180; SNS:31; MON:261 


setayidan 


to praise 


*.l}"^ 5^* u * |JiJwrf) /}«LOWm 


OStOVan : believer, confessor 




XastU : believer, confessor 


(£}l y-#*>) y-#*> 




CwW*»"«XJ 


5 Ci-*«jk V 1 y 1 y£ <w»*> aJ> 


Ferdowsf 


CI^mvO C 


'j ,yJ K 'j ■>> 3 d'jj 



451 



Steu 2 | Stoigh 






Indo-European 03 pok:1032 



~X 



SteU 2, TeU 2, Teiip-.topush, beat, hit, also throw 



Avestan 03 SNS:147 



tap 1 : to hit, 
hurt, destroy 



Persian 03 SNS:147 



tabah : ruined, destroyed, bad ( ^ ) j^Jf 

IEC:1365 derives these words from Indo-European root "Tabh: to rot" 



Sanskrit 03 POK:1034; SNS:147 



tup, tub : to hurt, destroy 



Sanskrit 03 pok:1032 



tuj : to press, push, throw 



W 



Old Persian 03 bqt:172; ffd:32 



ham-tauj, ham-taug, ham-taUX : to throw together, pile up, store ®"Sem 1 



w 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:172; AEF:159 



ham-toxtan, han-dozh: 

to store, add up, save 



Persian UJ BQT:171; AEF:159 



andlJXtan : to save, store 
Sa'dt JiiqJil <&£ 



JjjjJ 



3 ***** /jJIh> _ -^jy 1 ' f^y* M V^ y 



W 



W 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 543 



Staup : deep , projecting 
Stubb : stump, stub 
StUKKjam : fragment, covering 



English 03 ahd 



steep 

stub 

stucco 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:1544 



Stupere : to be stunned, stupid 
Studere : pressing forward, study 



English 03 ahd 



stupid, stupendous, 
study, student 



Indo-European 03 pok:1035 
otGWG : to cluster, condense 



~~\ 



W 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03 pok:1035; ahd 



Stupa : a round mass, ball 



Turkish 03 hjb:933 



top, tob : ball, c 



Persian 03 HJB:933; BQT:526 



tup : ball, cannon 



vy 



Greek 03 ahd 



Stuppe : tuft, toe 



Latin 03 ahd 



Stuppare : to stop with toe 



English 



stop, stuff 



Stha 



Stig 



Stoigh 



see root: Sta 
see root: Steig 
see root: Steigh 



452 



Stomen Str 



Indo-European 03 pok:1035 
StOmen : mouth 



w 



w 

^ 



Avestan 03 POK:1035; KLN:1518 



Staman : mouth (of a dog) 



Greek 03 pok:1035 



Stoma, StomaXOS : mouth, throat 



^\ 



h 


Persian ffl hrn:267 


' 




astam : mouth (obsolete) J^,| 



Latin 03 kln:1518 



stomachus : 



taste, stomach 



English 03 ahd 



stomach 



Stor 



Str 



see root: Ster 1 
see root: Ster 1 



453 



Su 1 I Su 1 

Indo-European 03 POK:342,1037,1174; KLN:548 
SU 1, ESU, WeSU:ira//,good 



PART 1 



~x 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



^ 



Avestan 
03 POK:1037 



hu 1 : good 



V 



w 



Avestan 

03 POK:780,1037; HRN:111; HUB:57 



hu-apah : good deed®"Op 
hu-citra : nice faced®"Skai 
hu-nara : good virtue, art^Nsr 1 
hu-Vaeda : well known ^Wsid 



Avestan 

03 POK:780,1037; HRN:111; HUB:57 



hu-nivak : nice sound^Wskw 
hu-Snuta : well satisfied^ Kss 2 



Avestan 03 BQT:71 7,737,748,2365; HRN:108 



hu-jasta : well wished, cfessed^Gwhsdh 
hu-parathwa : good to be crossed^ Par 2 
hu-rama : well rested^' Ram 
hu-SraV : well famed, famous (ruler) 
** Klsu 1 
hu-maya : well, blessed 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



Euphrates : Euphrates r 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 BQT; FAF:708; ZMA:48 



hu-mana:ive//mannered c *"M8n 1 

hav-sivanga, hao-syangh : good 

builder, with good household 



Avestan 03 VDQ:39; MAG:186 



hava-rd : well grown, well-builfi 



W 



Pahlavi 03 MAG: 186 



hu-rUSt:we//du//(, 

beautiful 



Persian 03 BQT:21 74,2297,2401 


XLib : good 


Ujj> 


hozTr : "well faced" 


& 


honar : "nice work" 


r* 


hovayda : "well apparent" 


Ijjyt 



w 



Hindustani 

03 AHD:328 



XUSI : pleasant 



English 



cushy 



Persian 


UX BQT:21 74,2297,2401 


xonya : 


nice sound" 


(j> wi*) wi* 


xosnud 


: "well satisfied" 


(J^j?) JlaJwi> 




U-W& <W*. 


U JiJi j<p* cOo -«jb 


Ferdowsf 


t-J <p 


oJiLiS j^^'y *■**■>) 



Persian 03 bqt 


XOJasteh : "blessed" 


4*.**JC>- 


Feral : a river "to cross over" 


olji 


XOrram : "well rested" 


f> 


XOSCT : "well known" king 


(tjj»$) ^j»J> 


XOSrOW : "famous" in-law 


(o jy*>< JY^^J*^ 


homa : blessed ( ^U* ( tJUA ) U* 


ijb^Sji^lj 


yi-f <Uit>jJ (jLiti 


Sa'dt ijljLs jjiU j 


^ )*& {j\&2£—»*\ <0 



English 



Euphrates 



Persian 


ffl BQT; FAF:708; ZMA:48 


Human 


'We// mannered" 'wa<JS 


Husang 


: "good builder" lSJw&<JS 


Farrokhf 





Arabic 

03 VDQ:39; MAG:186 



hur : heavenly women 



Persian 03 mon:1378 



hur 1 : heavenly women \&p 



454 



Su 1 I Su 1 



Indo-European 03 POK:342,1037,1174; KLN:548 
SU 1, ESU, WeSU:ira//,good 



PART 2 



~x 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:175 



hu, U, UV:good 



^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:177 



U-Vara-Zmi : good ... land-^ Ghdhem 
The meaning of "vara" is not clear 



^ 



Avestan / Old Persian ffl BQT:22(lntroduction),781; MON5:488 



huvarazmiS, XVarazmiS, XVarizem : One of the original residences of the 
Aryan people (Airyanemwaejo). Now it is known as "Khiva" in central 
Asia between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, along the Amu Darya 



W 



Persian 03 BQT:781,805; MON5:488,491; KLN:49 


Xarazm , Kharazm : a city in central Asia, modern Khiva 




OM 


XarazmT : from Kharazm 




yiM 


XTveh, XTvaq : Kharazm 




i3 v** * by*?* 


Hafez JJjsc* U fjj'^ V {£& OUwbo JO - Jjww>5 0.3~^ 




OjJ y> b&\& 


Kharazmf is surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammad ebn Musa, the great 






mathematician of the ninth century. His great work "Al-Jabrwal 






Moqabeleh" introduced the Arabic numerals and Algebra in Europe. 







ll 



( 'Arabic 



AI-XwarazmT : the 

ninth century 
mathematician 



Middle Latin 03 ahd:33; kln:49 



algorismUS : the Arabic systi 



'em of numerals 



W 



French 

03 AHD:33 



algorisme, 
algorithme 



Persian 03vop:17 



algoritm : 

algorithm 



pijjyJI 



English 03 kln:49 



algorism, algorithm 



^ 



Old Persian 03 knt:175,176,177 



U-VaXStra : well grown, former king of Media^^ Aueg 

U-XSnaV : well satisfied, happy 

U-kara : good army'-^' Koro 

U-Cara : well done *" Kwer 

U-tana : with good extension (children) ^^ Ten 1 

UV-aspa : with good horses ** Ekwos 



Persian UJ knt:177 



Hovaxsatar: j«&>5& 

a former king of Media 



vroid 



Persian 03 knt:175,176,177 



U-f rasta : well investigated^ Perk 1 
U-barta : well born, esfeemed^*" Bher 1 
U-martiya : containing good men ** Mer 2 
UV-nara : having good men ** Ner 1 
U-ratha : having good chariofs^*" Ret 
UV-aSStika : good spearmen ** Eres 2 



455 



w 



Su 1 I Su 1 

Indo-European 03 POK:342,1037,1174; KLN:548 
SU 1, ESU, WeSU:ira//,good 



PART 3 



~x 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 03pok:1174 



VOhu, VahU:good 

vahya, vahisto 



W I Avestan 03 SYN:1176; KLN:169, 401 



Vahu-man : well mannered^ 'Man 1 
Vah-ista : best (place), heaven ^Isto 

vau-misa: ? 



^ I Avestan 03 



SYN:1176; KLN:169, 401 



asa-vahista, artha-vahista : best justice 

^Ar 

daraya-vaus, darayat-vahu -.beholds 

goodness^^ Dher 1 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



hu, eUS-.good 



w 



Greek 03 KLN:548,549; ahd 



eU-kaliptOS : well covered (flowers) * 
eU-klid0S : well famed, 

(a 300 BC. mathematician) 
ev-angelion : good news (Bible) ®" Ac 
eU-genOS : wellborn ®"Gsn8 1 
hu-gies : living in good hea/ft^Gwsi 



v» 



Persian 03 BRT:1405; BQT:322 



beh : good ( ^^ , jl^> ) ij t 



Persian UJ BQT:101,326,328,1819; MON:327; ZMA:19 



Bahman : "well mannered" 
behest : Tjesf" 
gOStay : "best", heaven 



jl<p- Ja> '-J& <iL_> 



Persian 

ffl BQT:101 ,326,328,1819; MON:327; ZMA:19 



OrdTbehest: "best justice" 
DariUS : "he holds goodness" 






Persian UJ MON:404; MON5:165,190 



okaliptUS : a type of plant ^slj^al 

OqlTdoS : "famous" ^xjil 

Angelyun : Bible ( j^| ) ^^J&l 



English 03 ahd 



eucalyptus, Euclid, Evangelical, Eugene, hygiene 



W 
^ 



Sanskrit 03ahd:1298 



SU : good 

SU-asti, SVasti : well being, goodluck^Es 2 



English 03ahd:1298 



SWastica, Swastika : an ancient religious symbol 
adopted in 1935 as an emblem of Nazi Germany 



45* 



Su 2 | Sutg 



W 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:1038 
bU Z: wild boar, pig 



^\ 



Avestan 03 pok:1038 



nU 2 : wild boar 

hu-Xerpa : boar-shaped, pig t **Sek 



Persian 03hrn:113 



XUk: 



J, 



f 



Greek 

03 ahd 



SUS : swine 
SUS-phil0S : friend 

of swine^^ Bh\\\ 
huaina : hyena 



Latin 03 AHD:1306; KLN:1561 



SyphiluS : name of a shepherd in 
a poem by a physician (1530) 
who was the first victim of 
a disease that was later named 
after his poem hero, Syphilis. 

hyaena : hyena 



► French 



Persian 

03 MON:1979 



siflis 
seflis 






English 03 ahd; kln 
hyena, syphilis 






Germanic 03 ahd 



SWinam:sw/ns 



English 



Celtic 03 ahd 



SUkkO:hog 



English 



hog 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



SUS : pig, anything dirty 



English 



soil 



Su3 



Su4 



Sua 



see root: Sawel 
see root: Seu 3 
see root: Kwon 



W 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1354 



A 



OUIC| :jump, dance 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 HRN:103; ETM:66 



haiz : to rise 
XVISat : he rises 
Xaezanuha : raise, rise 

pairi-xaezanuha: 

raise, rise ^^ Perl 



Pahlavi 

03 NYB:39; FVS:199 



xastan, xezistan: 

to rise 
rist-axez : (the day of) 
rising dead Leith 



Persian 03 BQT:700,745,948; HRN:103; IEC:1354 



Xastan : to r 






rastaxtz : rising of the dead \*£>ll*j 



w 

L 
^ 



Avestan 03 hrn:102 



haXS : to r 



Middle German 03 I EC: 1354 



SWicken : to jump, dance 



457 



Sukurna Sus 



Avestan 03 hrn:164 



~X 



Sukurna, Skarna: 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:1905 



SUkur:a/a 

porcupine 



^ 



Persian ffl BQT:1157; HRN:164; MON:1905; FRS:100 



SOgOf : a large porcupine 



5* 5* 



Sanskrit 03 bqt:1310 



~X 



Sulaka: 



c 



^ 



Persian 03 MON:2092; BQT:1310; FSF:242 



SUlak : wild or fast horse 



OJq 



Fsrdowst jljuau jX&J Ji-mi jl <^-3jJ _ jUjJJul ojjj: jj 



Syriac 03 kln:1541 



A 



Summaq: 



W 



Arabic 03 kln:1541 



SUmmaq : the sumac tree 
(has red fruit that is dried and used as a spice) 



Persian 03 mon:1917 



SOmaq : sumac ( jJUrf ) 3L* 

SOmaK : sumac ( Lo us^u ) O U*u 

SOmaq-pala : sumac shaker ^[> ^[^a 



W 



^ 



Middle Latin 03 kln:1541 



sumach 



Old French 03 kln:1541 



English 03 kln:1541 



sumac, sumach 



Sup 1 



Sup 2 



see root: Swep 
see root : Kup 1 



Akkadian 03 bqt:1130; akd:53 



A 



Surmenu 



cypress tree 



v* 



Aramaic 03 akd:53; bqt:1130 



surbina, sarwaina: 



W 



Arabic 

03 BQT:1130 



SafV : cypress 



Pahlavi 03bqt:1130 



sarv, sarb:c 



^ 



Persian UJbqt:1130 



SafV : cypress tree, also referred to o J» 

a tall and well-built lover 

Sarvestan : cypress garden ** Sta d^S r" 

Hafez JJjw>5 /**>**> ^w ^«J~w>5 J5 ?.Ui> 



Sus 



see root: Saus 



45£ 



Sutus Sweib 



Sutus 



see root: Seu 3 



Indo-European 03 syn:510 
OV3S : thresh, beat grain 



v* 



Avestan 03 syn:510 



XVasta : threshed 
a-XVasta : unthreshed^ He 1 



^ 



Persian LLI SYN:510; M0N:1455 



XOSt : pressed, squeezed, mashed ( C-wJ* ) C^ai* 



Indo-European ffl pok:1039 



~X 



Swad : - 






Avestan 03 POK:1040; FFD:51 



XWaS, XWad : to desire 
XVastO : sweetened by cooking 
XVand : sweet taste 
XVandra-kara : pleasing^ Kwer 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:110; BQT:783 



XVastan : to desire, 
want 



Sanskrit 03 POK:1039; KLN:1552 



SVad : sweet desirable 
SVadati : to desire, want 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1552 



SWOtja : sweet 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



SUadere : to advise as good (sweet) option 
pGr-SUadGfG : to advise intensively, persuade 



Persian 03 bqt:783 



Xastan : to want 



Cr* 1 ^ 



>!&> <^*&lai»- i JWalai* <C-w«l&i»- 



English 



sweet 



English 



persuade 



Indo-European 03 pok:1041 



Swei : to bend, twist 

OWGI D : move swiftly like a snake 



W 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03 pok:1041 



XSVira : swil 

xsvaewa : si* 



Pahlavi 03 BQT:1319,1329 



sepak : fast 
easy to understand 



Persian 

03 BQT:1319,1329; HRN:178,179; MON:2115 



Slba : a large snake 

S I Va : easy to understand, clear 






^ I 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SWip: sweep 
SWtf : fast move 



&**« 



English 



sweep 

swift, swap, sway, swivel 



Sweib 



see root: Swei 



455 



Sweid Swekwo 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1043 
Sweid -.sweat 



^\ 



Avestan 03 pok:1043 



XVaeza : sweat 



Persian 03 bqt:797 



Xay, XOy : sweat saliva (J J> 

Ferdowsr xj& [S^ <-^ M $ 7V) M . ') - "^"^ ^j {5y* <^w*tfO l/^3 



v> 




^ 


Persian 03 HRN:114; BQT:805; MON:1472 




^ 






XeyU : saliva ( ' 0&*> ) &*> 
Fsrdowst Jjjjli^ljj l^J jjj yS _ JJJjU Jj3 i)' JH 1 j'-^.-*) 


Sogdian 03 SOD:180 






XWyS : to sweat 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SWaidaZ : swea( 



English 



sweat, sweater 



Indo-European 03 pok:1044 

Sweks, Seks: « 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1044; GPL41 



XSVaS : six 

XSVaS-dasa : sixteen ^Dskm 

XSVasti : sixty 



Germanic 03 ahd 



seks: 



Latin 



Greek 



hex: 



~X 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:1266 


' 




SeS : six ( c^Jk t o^^U ) JbJ> 



English 


six, sixteen, sixty 








English 


' 




semester 



English 



hexagon, hexadecimal 



Indo-European 03 pok:1044 



Swekwo : r- 



w 



Greek 03 ahd 



hopOS, OpOS:ju/ce 
Opion : poppy juice 



Wl 



Latin 



^ 



~X 



Persian 03 bqt:86 



apyun : opium ( ^\ ) ^l 



English 
opium 



460 



Swel 1 Swen 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1045 
Swel 1 : to eat 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:1045; AEF:10 



xvar 2, xwar: to eat 

aVO-XVarena : animal shelter 
for drinking and eatlng^^ Ab 1 



I, 



4-Pahlavi 

03 MON:1455; BQT:788 



XVartan : to eat 
XVaris : stew 
aV-XUr : stable 



Persian 03 MON:1455; FVF:221 



XOrdan : to eat 

XOreS : stew 

XOrangah : dining room ^Gwa 

Xavamag : royal dining room (castle) 

aXOf : animals' "drinking place" 



Son bat Larf 

IEC:1348 derives "xoreh: leprosy" from 
Indo-European root "Swer: to cut". 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SWel-han : to swallow 



English 



swallow 



Swel 2 



see root: Sawel 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1046 



Swen : t, 



Avestan 03 pok:1046 



XVan, XWan : to call, sound 



w 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:784 



XVantan : to read, 
sing, call 



W 

L 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



SOnUS : sound 



Germanic 03 ahd 



SWanon : singer 



^\ 



Persian 03 HRN:110; BQT:784 



Xandan : to read, sing, call 
XanTdan : to echo, to be famous 
aXUnd : preacher 






Fsrdowst U> j| jjij jji Jua^kl j _ L9j J j^fi <U JUS <U aJ_Jj» 



English 



sound, sonic 



English 



461 



Swep | Swe-sor 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1048 
Swep, SUP 1 :to sleep 



~~\ 



Avestan 

03 POK:1048; HRN:107; FFD:50 



XWap, XVap, XWaf: to sleep 

xvafna, xwafsa : sleep 

hufsa : to sleep 






Pahlavi 03 ffd:50 



XWab, XUft: sleep 



Persian 03 BQT:746,760,780; HUB:56; MON:1431 



Xab : sleep, dream 
XOftan : to sleep 
XOftak : nightmare 
Xafj : nightmare 



p p 



Sogdian 03 S0D:173 



XWbn : dream 
'wbs : to sleep 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



hupnOS : sleep 



French 



h 


Persian 03 am D: 1985 






hipnotlSm : hypnotism (**h*3&X**& 



^ 



English 03 ahd 
hypnotism 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1050; ieC:1348 



~X 



Swer : 



to press, cut, hurt 



Avestan 

03 POK:1050; KLN:1554 



XVara : thorn, to pierce 



Persian 03 HRN:109; BQT:766; DMO:110 



Xalldan : to pierce, dip In water 

Xaleh : thorn, also an oar 

Xale-ban : pilot, originally one who rows a boat 






Cv^o i-JJ* <6 l5jI> - i j £-5j> y <l& 5 <6 Jy» 



w 

L 
^ 



Avestan 03 IEC:1348 



XWarO : wound 



Persian 03 I EC: 1348 



XOfeh : gangrene, leprosy, corruption 

MON:1455 derives this from Persian "xordan: to eat". See Swel 1. 



•jy 



Germanic 03 kln:1554; ahd 



swerdam : sword 



English 



sword 



Swer 



Swe-sor 



see root: Wer6 
see root : Seu 1 



462 



S.x.r | Sypwr 



Arabic 03 sap:683 



~X 



S.XT: 



w 



Arabic 03 sap:683 



maSXarah : mockery 



I 



Persian 03 mon:4109 



maSXareh : funny, clown 



jAW> 



Italian 03 kln:944 



maSChera : mockery 



French 03 kln:944 



masque : mas* 



I 



h 


Persian ffl mon:3699 


' 




mask :mask SJu 



^ 



English 



mask, masque, masquerade, mascara 



Sanskrit 03 SKT:260; HJB:433 



A 



Syand : to tow 

SindhU:S:e ei 



^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 kln:787 



hend : India (a name due to 

the river Indus in India) 
hendT : Indian 



Persian 



Hend : India ( ^L^JJ,* ) JJ.A 

hendevaneh : watermelon "from India" <uLjJ>A 



V 



English 03 ahd 



Hindu, tamarind 



W 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



Indos 



Latin 



Indus 



English 



India, Indian, indigo, indium 



Sypsyr 



see root: Sfsyr 



Syriac / Aramaic 03 tzf:77 
SypWr : trumpet 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 tzf:77 



sayfur 



Persian 03 TZF:77; MON:2101; BQT:1319 



Saypiir : trumpet ( jy^Ji ) JJ*J< 

Fsrdowst ijlji (JJJjtiJ JJ*~*J si*" 0^** - ^^ JJJ— wiLS j_) b iyAj-i-i 



463 



Tabaco Taburak 



T 



Caribian 03 kln:1623 



A 



I 3D3CO : a pipe for smoking, roll of tobacco leaves 



W 

L 



Hindustani 03 kln:1623 



tambaka : 



Persian UJmon:1147 



tanbaku : 



( a} Wh> ) V Wh^) 



Portuguese 
03 KLN:1623 



tabaco 



Spanish 03 kln:1623 



tabaco 

AHD:1350 claims this Spanish word is probably 
from Arabic "tabaq: a euphoria-causing herb". 



English 

03 KLN:1623; AHD:1350 



tobacco 



W 



^ 



French 03 kln:1623 



tabac : tobacco 

tabaquiere : snuffbox 



English 03 kln:1563 



tabatiere : snuffbox 



Pahlavi 03 mon:1025 



~X 



Taburak: 



^►|| Persian 03 



MON:1025 



taburak : a kind of drum ( «*o < »**; ) Ol \e*S 
Rudakt e^Xw 3 X3 ^w^X) A-Jw C"#*"^ J^ 5 - *~^ )** i-S ^,-^j > -^ >-^ L5 j ^ J-* j»— 3 



^ 



Arabic 

ffl DEV:215; AHD:1313 



[anbur : a drum, also 
a kind of stringed 
musical instrument 



Persian LLI mon:1147 



tanbur : a stringed musical instrument ( jaajjp ) jo*Jo 

tonbak : a musical drum ( iJxJjl 4 lSwJP ) l5wJ> 



V 



Arabic 03 dev:215 



tabiil : drum 
tabbal : drummer 



h 


Persian UJ VFO:23; MON:2211 
tabl : drum ( Jti ) jJsJ 





V I Old French 



Wl 



Old French 03 ah d : 1 303 



English 03ahd:1025 



tambour, tambourine, tambour 



^ 



English 03ahd:1303 



tabor: a kind of drum 
taboret : a round low stool 



464 



Tafriq | Tannur 



TafrTq 



Tai 



see root: F.r.q 
see root : Stai 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:1055; wld1:705 



A 



I ell : to grow, growth, twig, wood, 
a piece of wood used as a unit of length 



W 

W 

L 
^ 



Latin 03 POK:1055; ISS:88 


talea : a (wooden) rod 






Armenian 03 ISS:88 




talauar : tent 










Sanskrit 03wld1:705 




tala : vine 





Persian 03 ISS:E 



talar : a roof or room on top of (wooden) pillars 



m 



Persian 03 MON:1133; BQT:509 



A 



I 3l K : a mineral, talc, talcum powder lSJJ 



v* 



Arabic 03 MON:1133; SHP:349; AHD:1312 



talq : talc 



Persian UJ MON:2232; BQT:1358 



talq : n 



jLk 



Middle Latin 03ahd:1312 



talcum 



^ 



French B3ahd:1312 



talc 



^ 



Persian UJvop:135 



talk : talcum powder uSJw 



English 03ahd:1312 



talc, talcum 



Tannur 



see root: Taniir 



465 



Tanur Tat 



^ 



Indo-European 03 FVQ:92-94 



~X 



Tanur, Tannum™ oven 

ARB:84 claims it is an Iranian word. TAD:18 and FSD:178 derive it 
from root "N.w.nlight, fire". FVQ:92 claims it is a word from the 
pre-lndo-European and pre-Semitic tribes. See FWK for more details. 



Avestan 

03 FVQ:94; BQT:523 



tanura : 



Pahlavi 03 FVQ:94 



tanur: oven 

Henning (MPP:88) gives "tnwr" as a Parthian form. 



Persian UJ bqt:523 



tanur :c 



jr> 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:388 



tn'wr:c 






Hebrew 

03 KLN:121 



tannur: 



Arabic 03 tad:18 



ai-iannur: the oven 

used by alchemists 



I French 



English 03 FSD:178; KLN:121 
athanor : a self feeding furnace 



Arabic 03 FVQ:92 



tannur :c 



^ 



Akkadian 03 kln:121; fvq:94 



tinnura:c 



Tar 



Targumanu 



Ta>Tf 



see root: Ter3 
see root: Ragamu 
see root: A'.r.f 



Greek 03 kln:1574 






A 



I 3rt3TOS : hell, a place of punishment 
KLN indicates it is a word of imitative origin but DEV:218, 
SHP:351 , SKT:543, and FSD:2468 all indicate that the Greek 
word is taken from the Arab/Persian word "dord:sediment" 






W 



Arabic ffl tad:27 



durdi : sediment, 
an acid salt in casks 



Persian ffl fsf:175 



dord : sediment in casks 

Ferdowsf cU**Xfl Jb'j 3 2> ji> y J^y <W& _ CU**Xfl jty> OJw> 






Latin 03 KLN:1574; SKT:543 



tartarum : potassium bitartate, 

so called due to its burning effect 
FSD:2468 & SKT:543 derive it 
from Arabic "durdi: sediment" 



Arabic 03 tad:46 



tarteer : tartaric acid 



Persian 03 mon:2221 



tartir : tartaric acid 






w 



^ 



French 03 AHD:1317; DEV:218 



tartre : tartaric acid 



English 03 AHD:1317; SKT:543; FSD:2468 



tartar : tartaric acid, a hard deposit on the teeth 



Tat 



see root: Atos 



Tata Teks 



Turkish 03 kln:1574 



~X 



I 313 : Name of a Mongol tribe 



Persian ffl mon:994 



tatar : a Mongol Tribe ( j£ t jCS ) jfe 

Hafez cU-»*JjlJlJ (jjlfc <*3li (j^'j P> |J}L> 4- > - CUw<p 0^1? 'j ^'j^ <--w«3 <0 /wj*} 0' J" 1 



^ 



^-» | Sogdian C3 S0D:392 



^ 



tt'r 



English 03 AHD; KLN:1574 



Tatar : a Mongol tribe 



Tata 



Tauro 



see root: Atos 
see root : Teu 1 



Pahlavi 03 MON:1131; BQT:508 



TaXl : bitter 
I clXl I K : bitterness 



v» 



^ 



Persian ffl MON:1131; BQT:508 



talx : bitter ( aJS^JJ < ^&Jj t ^Jj ) *b 

talx-Sakuk : a bitter herb (chicory) ( lS *?• «Jj ) lS yju njS 

Moiavr | ^ y f^,y^ 3j-# w r^w ] u - I j y piy-^ f*-*—> cujJj> ^l j 

Note the change of the last two letters and compare with "magz / mazg" 



W 



Arabic 03 BQT:508; KLN:1573 



tarax-saquq : chicory 



English 03 KLN:1573; WEB:1865 
taraxacum : a kind of chicory 



Taxlik 



Tebh 



Tebhos 



Teg 



Teig 



Teks 



see root: Taxi 

see root: Teub 

see root: Teub 

see root: Steg 

see root: Steig 

see root: Tex 



467 



Teku 1 Tekw 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1059 



~X 



Teku 1, Tekw: 



Avestan 

03 POK:1059; BQT:503 



tak, taka, tac : to run 

tacaiti : runs 



w 



w 



Persian 03 BQT; MON:5176; IEC:1372 



Sharif iUJI jji U jt>ljAit>j JJjJ JJ3 _ *)i») 3j *£> Oil) «jj Oj^* 3 ^ 



taxtan : to ride fasf 
taZldan : to ride fast 
takldan : to run 
ham-tak : road companion 



Avestan 

03 BQT:380; HRN:66 



pairi-tak : to run 

around Per 1 



Persian 



pardaxtan : to pay, to do, to attend ( jli J ) y>b y 

Ferdowsr Jc»D y VJ ^U^l O {jy$ - c^*"w /^J** 6"^) *-^*?" ^ 



Avestan 03 BQT:128; HRN:27 



ham-tac, ham-tak : to throw cr sem 1 



w 



Pahlavi 



handacak : throw, i 



Persian 



andaxtan : to throw, measure, think 



<y 



IjjI 



Sa'dt Cjr\X**$ ^)Jj ji Jj\J£ - <CJ»wl) £*J& \iw Jj_U3 



andazeh : size 



"J 



IjjI 



I, 



t f-Arabic 



Persian 03 BQT:2379; HRN:27 


hendeseh : science of "size measurements" 


O^JJJb 


mohandes : engineer 


(/'•^f 


Fsrdowst <C>b y Oj\jl jj ^JJ+a 


..c^Ljjj <y>l j >> jSj 



w 



w 



Avestan 03 pok:1059 



Vi-taxti : to msff (run apart) cS "wi 



Persian 03 NYB:217; BQT:1777 



godaxtan : to melt %I>lj^ 

Compare with derivations from root "Dhogh:to heat" 



Avestan 03 pok:1059 



tacar : road 
tacan : haste, hurry 

tahra : si* 



W 



Old Persian ffl pok:1059 



taXSa : a type of 
bow & arrow 



Persian ffl bqt:476 



taXS : bow and a 



arrow j^j 

£ H , f 

Ferdowsi JJJ^i ijy <j *^ <C**> yc> - JJJ^ ,&>J j^ j^ oJJo <W& 



^ 



Greek 03ahd:1545 



tOXOn : bow and a 



Latin 03ahd:1359 



tOXICUm : poison for arrows 



English 



toxic 



Teku 2 



Tekw 



see root: Tex 
see root : Teku 1 



Tel Tel 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1060; kln:122 



~X 



Tel: 



Sanskrit 03 pok:1060; ahd 



tula, tulya : balance weight 



W 



Avestan 03 pla:194 



tara-az, tara-aZU : balance, scafe®"A 



Persian 03 bqt:480 



taraZ : level, balanced, nice 
taraZU : scale, balance 



<6 1 



j 



■UJ oJo <Cu u 



J-* 



! i ^T il il 



Greek 03 ahd 



a-tla : lift together 

Atlas : a titan holding the heavens 



I Arabic 



Persian 03 BQT:143; M0N5:5155 



atlas : world 
atlas : world ma 
atlas : Atlantic c 






wi 



v k 



French 



h 


Persian ffl MON5:8 


' 




AtlantTk : "(ocean) by the Atlas mountain" dL*S$3 1 



w 

L 
^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



telos : charge, toll 
talanton : weight of gold 



Latin 03 ahd 



tolere : carry, bear 

IStUS : carried 

tranS-latUS : carried across, translated^ 



English 03 ahd 



atlas 1 : world, map 

Atlantic 



English 



toll 
talent 



English 



tolerate 

relate 

translate 



w 



Tern | Temp 

Indo-European 03 pok:1063 
TeiTl : dark 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 pok:1063 



temah : darkness 
tethra : dark 



Persian 03 bqt:456,51 1 ,544 



tam : dark 



< "j^ ' ^ilft • ft > f-* 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:387 



tm : hell 



V 



Latin 03ahd 



temere : to fear 



English 03 ahd 



timid, temerity 



Sanskrit 03 kln:1626 



tam-rah : dark red, , 



w 



^ 



Malaysian 
03 KLN:1626 



tambaga : copper 



Portuguese 
03 KLN:1626 



tombac 



French 
03 KLN:1626 



tombac 



English 

03 OXF:435; KLN:1626 



tombac, tambaga 



Aramaic 03 kln:948 



A 



Temar: 



he concealed 



V* 



Arabic 03 kln:948 



temara, t.m.r: he concealed 
matmurah : a hiding place, storage 



Persian UJ fva:251 ; mon 



matmureh : an underground storage place jo^httfl 



W 



^ 



French 03 kln:948 



matamore : a dwelling plai 



English 03 kln:948 



mattamore : a sub-terranian dwelling 



Temp 



see root : Ten 1 



470 



Ten 1 Ten 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1064,1067 



Ten 1, Tengh, Temp-.to stretch, pun 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 

03 BQT:1481 ,2376,2381; SNS:7 



thang, a-thax, hanc -.to putt, 

also a path, way 
far-thang : pull forward, 
educate^ Pev 1 



Persian 03 BQT:70,516,2381; MON; HRN:14; SNS:126; FFD:28,67 



hanjldan : to pull or dig out ( /\X*Pu& I ) i^X»^UJ& 

hanjar : path < j\^Jt>\j ) j\^ca 

ahang : intention Sm I 

farhTxtan : to educate ( 7iifc i , SiAJ ) 'jliuA i 



<u xo I ji jSji j'^f^j 



W 



Persian 03 BQT:70, 516, 2381; HRN:14; SNS:126 



ahixtan : to putt out yAJfc I 

( vS «*o o$ y JjKJ>\^jji /uO _ £*«$ ,_& u /y <UL^> (V^—* y*^ 



Naser-Khosrow 



Avestan 
03 SNS:147 



tan : to pull, 
stretch 



Persian 03 pok:1064 



tabidan : to sp/n ( ^ .p[i ) ^j^ti 

Hafez o^wJ (*5 V*£ c2 3"* 0*-"*?.y *— ^) 0' V*^ - ^"•^ ^J^ c2 3"* ^ J"^ / & \>\^ 
^ | French |» 1 English 03 skt:542; kln:572 



taffeta, tape, tapestry 



W 



Avestan 

03 KLN:1585 



tauruna : stretched, 
tender, young 



► — 


Persian 03 HRN:90; BQT:217, 532; FIB:217 




tar 2: wet T y 




taraneh : "a tender" love song 4j\ J 




tuleh : "a tender" animal baby <J -jf 




turah:/acka/ jjy 




Qatran Tabrfzf 



w 



Avestan 03 pok:1065 



tathra : sfring 

thri-thatra : s/far a 



Persian 



tar : a stringed ( j\3 <U ) jti 
musical instrument 



t: 



Hindustani 03ahd:1210 



English 



sitar 



Greek 
03 KLN:687 



kithara : s/far 



Arabic 

03 SAP:1381 



qitar, 
qetarah 



► | Spanish 



U 



French 03 kln:687 



uitare 



quit 



Persian 03 mon:3502 



gitar 



J 



wO 



English 03 kln:687 
guitar 



W 



^ 



Latin 03ahd 



cithara 



English 03 ahd 



zither, zithern, cither, cittern 



471 



Ten 1 Ten 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1064,1067 



Ten 1, Tengh, Temp-.to stretch, pun 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Latin 03 ahd; pok 



tendere : to stretch 

tenere : to hold, keep 
ana-tempa : stretched sail, 
antenna 



x^. 



► French 03 kln:1587 



Persian 



anten : "stretched out (sail)" 

tents 






English 



tent, contain, tennis, antenna, temperature, tension 



W 



Indo-European 03 ahd; pok 

Tenu:ft/n 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 POK:1069; BQT:41 1,515 



tanu : body 

a-puthra-tanu : with child in body^ Pou 
taxma-tanu : with strong (jody^Tenk 
peSO-tanU : with condemned body 





Persian 03 HRN:88; BQT:524; VSF:16 




tanidan : to stretch, pull ( kij 


) (jlyJ 




tan : "stretched" body 


<y 




abestan : "holding child in body" 


0****< 




Tahamtan : "with strong body" 


Cr**" 




PaSUtan : "with condemned body" 


(fyh 




^U%> 3 J!) y l5.J j*5 J 


ij>d6 




Qaant (V'H* ! 3 JxA^— " °"*i 


; 3 Ai 



Sanskrit 03 pok:1069 



tanuka : thin, soft 



h 


Persian ffl HRN:89; BQT:519; MON:1154 






tonok : thin, little 


fcJJv*) 




tonekeh : underwear from thin soft cloth 


*uJo 




See root "Kitu" for another possible root of "tonekeh" 





w 



Greek 03 ahd 



tonOS : string 



French 03 ahd 



h 


Persian LLI mon:1145 
p 

ton : tone y 





English 03 ahd 
tone 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



thunw : stretched, thin 



English 



thin 



Indo-European 03 pok:1021 



~X 



Ten 2, Stenas 






Parthian 03 pok:1021 



tndwr : thunder 



Persian 03 BQT:517; KLN:1613 



tondar : thunder 



J' 



■Lo 



Germanic 03 ahd 



thunaraz 



English 03 ahd 



thunder 



Latin 03 ahd 



tonare : to thunder 



English 03 ahd 



tornado, detonate, astonish 



472 



Tengh | Tep 



Tengh 



see root : Ten 1 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:1068 



Tenk 



: to become firm and thick 



Avestan 


03 POK:1068; KLN:1617; MON5:405; BQT:511 


tanj-ista : most pulled together, strongest^ Isto 


taxma : putted together, strong 


taxma-tanu : (with) strong body cr Jen 1 


taxma-Urupa : (with) strong dogs cr We\ 2 


raodha-taxma : grown sfrong®" Lsudh 



Persian UJ 


BQT:491 ,51 9,538; 


POK:1068 




tang : tight 






fcJJvO 


tanjidan : to 


squeeze, pull 


(XcjJ y) ^)XcjJo 


tahamtan : 


'with strong body" 




tf*V 


Tahmuras 


"with strong dogs' 




&>jy*%» 


Rostam : "grown strong" 








Ovw> (j\ 


$j$ ^> I jJx XwxXl; 


Ferdowsf 


JxXj JxXj J) ju 


J Xw\> y 



w 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



thinhatZ : f/ghf 

thangul : thick n 



English 



tight, thick, 
tangle 



Tenu 



see root : Ten 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1069 
I Gp : to be warm 



Avestan 03 POK:1069; KLN:1589 



tap 2, tab : v 



h 


Persian 03 bqt; hrn; ffd:46 






tab : fever ( ij\j , yiti ) i_J 




tabidan : shine ( ^ ( j^j ) T ^J^ti 








tapidan : beat ( ^1^ ) ^j^f 



^ I Avestan 03 BQT:49,453,1252,1958 



tab-Stana : place (time) of heat, summer'^' Sta 
ap-tab : heat emitting glitter, sun^ Ab 1 
mah-tab : moonshine ** Me 
para-tab : shine forward, light ray^*" Par 1 
aiwis-tap : in heat, in hurry ^Ambhi 



^ 

L 
^ 



Sogdian 03sod:11 



atp'W-.heat 



> — 


Persian UJ bqt; hrn 




tabestan : summer 




^)W^)U 




aftab : sun 




ujkiT 




mahtab : moonshine 




y>U$A 




partO : light rays 




yy, 




Setaftan : to hurry 


( utU 


)^s\H 



Latin 03 kln:1589 



tepere : to be warm 



English 



tepid 



473 



w 



Ter 1 | Ter 2 

Indo-European 03 pok:1075; kln:1639 



~X 



Ter1,Tr : 



to cross over, surpass, overcome 



Avestan 03 POK:1075; KLN:1639 



taro, tarya, tar -.surpass 

thra : shelter, cover 
Vi-tar : to pass by^" Wi 



Persian 03 BQT:1778; HRN:161; TLM:92; MON:1790 



tar 1 , tarin : more, most 



\ 



Sara : house, place (jL&y ,' jLi . ,' <j\jte ) \j* 
gozastan : to pass by ( cJii) < ji) ) ( slAi> 



^p )IJ3 < /Juuljj 



w 



V 



Old Persian 

03 MON:1850; VDQ:255 



srad, srada : house, 

shelter 



Arabic 

03 VDQ:255; MON:1850; MAG:189 



soradeq : tent 

This word may have been borrowed 
from Persian "sara-pardeh: tent". 



Persian 03 mon:1850 



SOradeq : tent, house 






Latin 03ahd 



trans : across 
terminus : boundary 
trunCUS : overcome 



I French 



Persian UJ mon; amd 






^ 



English 03 ahd 



trans-, transport, transform, transistor, transfer, translate 
term, terminate, determine 
trunk, truncate, trench 






Germanic 03 ahd; kln 



thr : bore through, drill 



English 



drill, through, thorough, nostril 



Greek 03 ahd 



nek-tar : overcoming death ^ Nek 1 



English 



nectar, nectarine 



Indo-European 03 IEC:27 



An-teros : 



second, other, step parent AN 2 



^ 







^ 


Persian 03 IEC:27; MON:373 










andar : a suffix meaning step as In step father ' *Jj| _ 


► 


Sanskrit 03 IEC:27; POK:37 






antarah : other 



Ter 2 



see root: Tres 



474 



Ter 3 | Terp 



Indo-European 03 PRT:863; KAS:10; POK:369; AHD:1500 



"~X 



I ©T O, I 3T : a kinship term, a suffix indicating 
someone who performs the action indicated by the root verb 



v* 



Indo-European 03 pok; syn:103-107 



Mci-ter : feeder (of the family). ®" Ma 
Pa-ter : protector/ feeder (of the family). *" Pa 
DhUgh-tar:m/ftsrfof(/i8fem//y;. t **DhBugh 
B h Pa-ter : load carrier (of the family). *" Bhsr 1 
GeiTie-tar : married (to the family) ^Gsms 



W 



Avestan 03 kln; syn:103-107 



ma-tar : mother 
pi-tar : father 
dlig-dar: daughter 
bra-tar : brother 
Zama-tar : son-in-law 



w 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



mothar, fadar, dohter, brothar 



Persian 03 bqt 



madar : "feeder", mother 
pedar : "protector", father 
doxtar : "milker", sister 
baradar : "load carrier" brother 
damad : "married", in-law 






English 03 ahd 



mother, father, daughter, brother 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:1077; kln:1592 



Terp, Trep 2, Trp : to satisfy 



Avestan 03 POK:1077; KLN:1592 



thrafza, thrafda : satisfied 

tarep : to steal 



w 



Pahlavi 03 pok:1077 



tirft:fte« 






Sogdian 03 POK:1077; SOD:125 



Cft, Cf : to steal 
Cftu : stolen 



Sanskrit 03 pok:1077 



trpti : satisfied 



A 



h 


Persian LLI pok:1077 


' 




tulf : fully satisfied (obsolete) fc_jj <J 



Greek 03 pok:1077; ahd 



terpo : to fill, satisfy 



Latin 03 pok:1077 



terpsi-chore : satisfaction 
from dancing 



English 03 AHD; KLN:1592 



terpsichore, euterp 



475 



Ters Teter 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:1078 
TerS : dry, to dry 



~~\ 



Avestan 03 POK:1078; KLN:1592 



tarSU : dry 

tarsna : thirst 



Pahlavi 



tisn : thirst 
tisnak : thirsty 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:499 


' 




tesneh : thirsty ( JcJS ) c£3 

Molavr XJ!> Jj-U SXJ$ jjJil o*J 



Latin 03 ahd; kln 



terra : dry land, earth 
medi-terraneOUS : midland (sea) 
^Medhyo 
turrere : to dry, toast 



French B3ahd:1329 



terraSSe : pile of earth 

Mediterranee 



I 



Persian 

03 MON:1060; MON6:1941 



<GljljJu» < l /'lji 



" V 



English 03 ahd 
terrace 



English 03 ahd 



terrain, terrestrial, territory 
Mediterranean, subterranean 
toast 






Germanic 03 ahd 



thurs : thirst 



English 



thirst 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1079 



~X 



Teter: 



Pahlavi 

03 POK:1079; KLN:1596 



titar : pheasant 



W 



Sogdian 03 SQP:392 



tt rW : pheasant 



Persian 03 BQT:478; IEC:1388 



tazarv : pheasant q , jj 

.3J-*-' O^J "^ .3 .Md^fcjM -3j— * -^j' J^j-^-i ^-) M 



V 



Medit 03 I EC: 1388 



tetatos, taturaS:pheasan( 



Sanskrit 03 IEC:1388 



tittirah:pheasanf 



Greek 03 POK:1079; KLN:1596 



tetraon : a bird 

POK claims this is derived from Persian 



Latin 



tetrao, turtur, turtura 



English 



turtle, tortoise 



47! 



Teu 1 Teu 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1082 



~X 



Teu 1: 



Avestan 

03 POK:1082; HRN:89; NYB:196 



taV : power, to be powerful 

tavant : fast quick 

tum-aspa : (with) strong horses ^Ekwos 

US-tavah : out of power, fired** Ud 1 

ni-US-tavah : not tired (of fighting) cr Ne 1 






Persian 03 BQT:517,526,1102,1362,2138 


tavan : power 
tond : fast 




Tahmasb : "with strong horses" 


(u^muk4^) ^—m^usA* 


SOtiih : tired 

nastuh : energetic in fighting 







Persian 03 IEC:1450,1458 



tubreh : t 



W 



Latin 03ahd 



tumere : to swe// 

tuber :/ump, dag 



English 03 ahd 
tumor 



Greek 03 ahd 



tUTUS : coagulated milk, cheese, butter 
tumbus : mound of earth, tomb 



English 



butter, tomb 



Germanic 03 ahd 



thumon : fat finger, thumb 
thus-hundai : swollen hundred, thousand 
thiuham:fa!partoffeg, thigh 



English 



thumb 

thousand 

thigh 



Indo-European 03 pok:1085 
I GUK : egg, seed, offspring 



r 



Avestan 03 pok:1085 



taOXman : seed, i 



w 



Sogdian ffl sod:387 



txm : seed, family 



Persian ffl HRN:84; MON:1052 



lOXm : egg, seed, testicle 



*2Q 



w 



Old Persian 03 KNT:185; HID:211; BST:233 



tauma : family 



w 



Indo-European 

03 POK:1083; AHD 



Tauro: 



r 



Avestan 



staura, staora : strong 

domestic animals 



Persian 03 BQT:1102; HRN:152 



SOtur : load carrying animals 



• JS 



jr* 



US) 






f> 



w 

w 

L 



Arabic 03 POK:1083; KLN:1509 



thwr : bull 



Persian 03 bqt:550 



SOWr : cow, bull 



jy 



Latin 03 pok:1083 



taurUS : bull 



English 



Taurus 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 
situraz : ox 



English 
steer 



477 



Teu 2 Teus 



Teu2 



see root: Steu 2 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1371,1676 

Teub, Tebh, Tebhos:s/ne 



Persian UJ IEC:1371,1676; MON:1158 



tlJ : fold, plait, inside ( ay ( (_5y ) " y 

Tahsrt GhazvM y> ij y> Di ji ij Di ji 2 iJ2 ik^o <U ik^o _ I y y> JjJi J £~i£ I ji>U» j^iV* J^ ,P 



W 



Pahlavi 

ffl HRN:165; MON:1942 



SUk, SOk: side, 

direction 



Persian ffl BQT:1182; MON:1942; IEC:1371,1676 



SU : direction, path 






w 



w 

^ 



Armenian 

03 IEC:1371,1676 



k0V: 



Arabic 

03 FVF:380 



SOq : path 



Persian UJ BQT:1182; MON:1955 


suq 


inroads of a bazaar 




suqi 


: bazaar man, businessman 


(&*3y») 3 y» 



Teuk 



Teuk-os 



Teup 



see root : Teu 1 
see root: Keku 
see root: Steu 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1085 



~X 



Teus: 



empty 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:1085; SYN:933 



taOS, tUS, tUSen, tUSSya: empty 



I, 



(•Pahlavi 03 BQT:539; SNS:151 



tihlk, tuhlk : empty 



w 

^ 



Persian 03 BQT:539,537; HRN:90 



tah : bottom <0> 

p 
tahl -.empty ( ^ ) ^ 



0' 



lil^ jjj <l> 0j> W < ^Um*) Jw» ^ 0^ JO 



Latin 03 pok:1085 



tesqua : empty 



47S 



Tex | Tiegu 



^, 



Indo-European 03 pok:1058 



~X 



Tex, Text, Teks, Teku 2 -.to bum from wood, to bum 



4-Avestan 
03 KLN; HRN; POK:1058 



taS : to cut, carve 
tasa : ax 
tasta : cup 



Persian 03 IEC:1374,1409; MON 



tTseh : hatchet ij^j 

taxteh : board, plank, lumber <&x> 

tast : a flat wash tub C-Ji5 

taS : cup ( .wu ) i^Up 

Zahfroddoleh 



Wl 



Arabic 



I French 



English 03 kln:1575 
tass : cup 



^ 

L 



Avestan 03 FFD:46; MON:1060 



tras 2, tras 2 : 



Persian 03 ffd:46 



tarasTdan : to cut, shave, scrape 



< J>\J> ) < 



Ay 



Sogdian 03 S0D:384 



t'S:tocuf, tablet 



^ 



Greek 03ahd 



texne : art 
tekton : carpenter 
arxi-tekt6n : master builder 
Arxein 



French 03 ahd 



Persian 03 AMD:25; MON:1128 



arsTtekt : "master builder" cSlJi) I 

teknik : technique u$w*X> 



V* 



English 03 AHD:68,1321 

architect, technique 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



texere : to weave 

tes turn -.pot 



English 



context, test, text, textile, tissue 



Text 



see root: Tex 



Indo-European 03 pok:1086 



A 



I IGC|U : to approach shyly 



v* 



^ 



Avestan 03 pok:1086 



ithyajah, ithyejah : abandonment 



w 



Pahlavi ffl SNS:314 



Sej : trouble, pain 



Persian UJ SNS:314; BQT:1202 



S I j : suffering, pain 



Ardavfraf-Nameh 






475 



Tien | Togei 



Chinese 03 etm:63 



~X 



Tien 



store, shop 



W 



Sogdian 

03 ETM:63; SOD:394 



bazaar, inn 



^ 



Persian 03 ETM:63; MON; BQT:547 



tim : bazaar, caravansary ( 4puW ) ***> 

Farhang Fors \ y, j | ' ^j, j{i J^o jU«i) J> - f X* jUSjS jU~0 «3 |t^J j <y> 



Indo-European 03 pok:1086 



I III, I Itll : imitation of a bird song 






Sanskrit 03 pok:1086 



tittibha : a water bird 



Persian UJ bqt:1364 



tTtU : a water bird ( o**Jp) o**3 



Latin 03 pok:1086 



titio : j 



Titil 



see root: Titi 



Avestan 03 BQT:1755; HRN:196 



A 



Tkaesa : 



agreement, commitment 



W 



Pahlavi ffl mon:3153 



kes : religious 
belief, religion 



^ 



Persian 03 HRN:196; BQT:1755; MON:3153 



k?S 3 : religion ' i^S 



Arabic 03 KLN:122; SAP:964 



"A 



T.L.S 



: to iv/pe out, clean 



W 



Arabic ffl sap:964 



atlas : a wiped, clean silk cloth 



I 



h 


Persian ffl mon 


' 




atlas : s/Wc or saiVn c/offt t ^Jl^ I 



^ 



English 03 kln:122 



atlas 2 : s//k, satin 



To 



Togei 



see root: So 
see root: Tokei 



480 



Tokei Trei 



Tamil 03 KLN:1143; SKT:378 



"~X 



Tokei, Togei 



peacock 



Tanil is a Dravidian language spoken in south India 



^►l Sanskrit ffl bqt:1 



^ 



Arabic 

03 BQT:1346 



taWOOS : peacock 



Persian UJ BQT:1346; mon:2203 



taVUS : peacock ( l^55^ ) l^5^ 

taVOSI : a plant ( ^L^U» ) jrfjlk 

Hafez civwibi! jwJU f I) _p <0 ^Jjlt >iw«^> 



v* 



^ 



Aramaic 
03 MON:2203 



taUSa : peacock 



W 



W 



Latin 03 skt:378 



paUO, paVO: peacock 
paVOnTs : peacock 



Old English 

03AHD 



pea : peacock 



Greek 03 KLN:1143; SKT:378 



taWS, taOS: peacock 



English 
03 SKT:378 



peacock 
peafowl 



Tr 



see root: Ter 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1090 
Trei : three 



^\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:1090; SYN:941; KLN:1611; GPL:41 



thri, thrayo : ftree 

thrisat -.thirty 

thri-dasa : thirteen^ Dskm 

thri-thatra : a three-stringed musical instruments^ Ten 1 



h 


Persian ffl bqt: 1194 


' 




Seh : three ^ 

9w> \»miW i -nW 



L 



Persian ffl bqt:1096 



Se-tar : a musical instrument, 
originally with only three strings 



W 



Greek 
03 KLN:687 



kithara : 






Sogdian 03 S0D:143 



dry : three 



Arabic 

03 SAP:1381 



qitar 
qeetarah 



I Hindustani 



| Spanish 



English 03ahd:1210 



sitar 



W 



French 
03 KLN:687 



guitare 





Persian UJ mon:3502 




gitar j'vJ 



English 03 kln:687 
guitar 



Germanic 03 ahd 



thrijiz : three 



English 



three, thirty, thirteen 



Latin 



teri, trhftree 

teS-tis : third person, witness 
tribllS : third class citizens 
in Roman empire, tribes 



English 03 ahd 



tertiary, tricycle 
testimony, contest, protest 
tribe, tribune, tribute 



481 



Trenk | Trep 2 



Indo-European 03 pok:1093 



Trenk: (o pus/? 

I rOnKUS '.pressed, oppressed 






Avestan 03 POK:1093; KLN:1612 



traxtanam : pressed logelhe. 



Germanic 03 kln:1612 



dringan:to 



press on, oppress 



^ 



Latin ffl POK:1093; KLN:1660 



tranCUS : tree stem 

AHD:1546 derives this word from the 

Indo-European root "Ter 1:to overcome". 



~X 



English 



throng 



English 



trunk, truncate, trench 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1094 



I TGp 1 : to tremble, be restless 
May be related to the root "Tres:to tremble" 



Old Iranian 03 bqt:1083 



thrapu : restless, quick 



W 



Old Persian 03 bqt:1083 



CapU-ka : restless, quick 



<+ 

L 
^ 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:607, 1083 



capiik : swil 
Sapiik : light, swift 



Sanskrit 03 POK:1094; BQT:1083; KLN:1646 



trprah : hasty 



Latin 03 pok:1094 



trepifJUS : agitated, alarmed 



Persian 03 bqt:607, 1083 



cabok : si* lX>U 

Sabok : light, fast SL» 

Ferdowst q\ j JJ^uS j£i>W 5'3 Owj 



English 



trepid 



Trep 2 



see root: Terp 



482 



Tres Tu 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:1095 



~X 



TreS, Ter 2 : to tremble 
May be related to the root "Trep:to tremble" 



Avestan 

03 KLN:1592; HRN:86; NYB:172 



tras 1 : fear 

tarsta, thrasa : frightened 



Persian UJ BQT:484; FFD:81 



tarsTdan : to be afraid ( .w y ) \X^» J 

tarsa : one who is afraid (of God), Christian \^i J 

harastdan : to be afraid ( (/*' y ) i^Xwol >& 



w 



w 



Old Persian 03bqt:1197 



thrah : fear 

thrah-man, thras-man, cah-man, cath-man : afraid 



Persian 03bqt:1197 



sanm '. fear ( i_j ' ■ * f ■■' i '^j^^tAjij ) ^.ajju 



Latin 03 ahd; kln 



terer : to frightei 



French 



terreur: terror 



^ 



Persian 03 amd:569 



[—*■«/ ' c ^JSj> < J3j> 



^ 



English 



terrible, terror, tremble, terrific 



Arabic 03 fva:247 



~X 



T.r.h: 



W 



Arabic ffl kln:949 



tarh : a plan laid out for discussion 
matrah : place where something is laid 



Persian ffl MON; FVA:246 



tarh : plan, idea, program 
matrah : set forth for discussion 



( f ft Jfafi ) f Jfafi 



^ 



Italian 



materaSSO : mattress 



I French 



English 



mattress 



Tronkus 



Trp 



see root: Trenk 
see root: Terp 



Indo-European 03 pok:1097 
TU, TU : you 



A 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1097; bqt:525 



taiy, tu, turn, tuvam, tava, tvam -.you 



Sogdian 03 S0D:383 



ty, tW: you 



Germanic 03 ahd 



thCi: you 
thCimaZ: yours 





Persian 03 bqt:525 






to : you ' ajf 






English 


thou, thee, thy, thine 



483 



Tu Turt 



Tu 



see root. 



Tu 



Indo-European 03 wld1:747; ieC:1472 

TuardO: quartz 
Turd, Tuft: hard, strong 






Old Persian 03 I EC: 1472 



sparda, sfard : stiff, hard 



Latin 03 I EC: 1472 



tardus : thick, sluggish 



Greek 03 I EC: 1472 



Sard : hard 



Persian 03 IEC:1472; MON:1066 



tord : brittle, stiff 



>? 



Chinese 03 PRT:743; SKT:578 



Tu-kue 



: strong people 



V. 



~x 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:487 


' 




tOfk : a Turk, a beautiful woman 


*^.^.J 




Sa-dt j.jLf ^L ^^Jj ji j*-^ j_it>) 


- fjj 3 Oww>U 3 u J 3 ai_p yJj_P 




PHN:363 derives these from Arabic "T.r.k: to leave", 






as Turks were originally nomads 





Wl 



Greek 



Latin 



turcus 



French 



^ 



English 03 KLN:1665; AHD:1382 

Turk, Turkey, 
turkey, turquoise 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1455 



TulUpOS: lump, 



ball, mass, crowd 



W 
^ 



Greek 03 I EC: 1455 



tolupe:(ja//offtread 



Persian 03 I EC: 1455 



torob, torb : radish 



w 



w 



Turkish 03 IEC:1455 



turp : radish 



Turd 



Turt 



see root: Tuardo 
see root: Tuardo 



484 



Twerk Twrk 



Indo-European 03pok:1102 

Twerk, Twrk: to™* 






Avestan 03pok:1102 



thwares : 



Sanskrit B3pok:1102 



tvasta, tvastar:cu( 



^ 



Greek 03 POK:1102; KLN:1383 



Sarkh, SarX : a cut of meat, flesh 
Sarca-Sein : to tearflesh like 

dogs, to speak bitterly 
SarcasmOS : bitter talk, mockery 



~~\ 



Latin 

03 KLN:1383 


► 


French 
03 KLN:1383 


► 


English 03 kln:1383 

sarco- -.fiesh 
sarcology, sarcoma, 
sarcasm, sarcastic 


sarcasmos 


sarcasme 











Twrk 



see root: Twerk 



485 



Ud 1 I Ud 2 



u 



^ 



Indo-European 03pok:1103 



A 



Ud 1 



up, out, away 



Avestan 

03 POK:1103; HRN:154; BQT:1049; DZA:57 



Ud, US, UZ: up, out 

US-tavah : out of power, f/red^Tsu 1 

ni-US-tavah:no( fired fof(ig/iffng; t **NB 1, Tsu 1 

US-Spar l walk away, trust^Spher 

UZ-ah, Za 2 : push out of opening, give birth^^ Ous 2 

UZ-ah-ap : where water comes out, spring ^^Ab 1 



Persian 

03 BQT:1049,1086,1102; IRN:108; MON:1763 






SOtiih : (/red 

nastljh : energetic in fighting 

Separdan : to entrust T ^}J^ ( T ^3jt»» 

Zeh 2 : to g/Ve 6/rt/j (^AJt j< ^AJM j) ' j 

zehdan:wom(j c *"Dh8 2 o' Jl *J 

Zahab : spring, river'^' Ab 1 ( j_j| j ) ^^j 



Ow> 



> J-MW 09*£ 



jjjLo 



*JXX> O^wW ^O y t } y l)1&^" 






Avestan 03pok:1104 



US-tema : outmost, extreme 
USCa : above, overhead, on top 



Old Persian 03 knt:176 



ud:up 

Ud-Zma, UZma: grown up from ground^Ghdhsrr 



Sanskrit 
03 POK:1104 



ucca, ucca: 

high, top 



Arabic 03 mon:399 



awja : tip, high top 



I 



h 


Persian 03 mon:399 
OWJ:top 7., | 





Spanish 
03 SKT:357 



auge : top 



French 
03 SKT:357 



ogive, ogee 



English 03 SKT:357; TYL:568 



Ogee, Ogive : a pointed 
double-curved arch 






Germanic 03 ahd 



Lit : out 



English 



out, but, about 



^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



huS-terOS : later 



English 



hysteresis 



Ud2 



see root. 



Wed 



Indo-European 03pok:1104 



Udero, Uedero 



abdomen, stomach, womb 






Avestan 03pok:1104 



Udara : abdomen 



Latin B3pok:1104 



UterUS : womb 



Udero | Ulp 



~X 



English 



uterus 



Ue 



Uedero 



Ues 



ug 



Ugw 



Uks 



Uksen 



see root: 1 2 

see root: Udero 

see root: Yu 

see root: Aueg 

see root: Wegw 

see root: Wegw 

see root: Wegw 



Turkish 03 KLN:857; TTS:134 



Ul, Ol 2, Jol, Jor, Jur : 



to go, to step 



^ I Turkish ffl KLN:857; TTS:134 



ulak : runner, courier, messenger, donkey 



Persian LLI MON:3334; BQT:157 



olag : courier, load carrier, donkey 



& 



^ 



Greek 

03 KLN:857 



oulakis:c 



I Italian 



Spanish 



French 03 kln:857 



laquis : courier, 
footman 



English 



lackey : servant 



Ulp 



see root: Wei 2 



487 



Umm | Uper 



Semitic 03 kln:160 



Umm: 



W 



Arabic ffl kln:160 



Umm : mother 

umme-gilan : -mother of 

demons", referring to 
desert bushes believed 
to nourish demons ^G.v. I 



W 



Turkish 03 kln:160 



beg-Umm : mother of ruler, 
a female title of respect^^ Bhag 

Xan-Umm : mother of Khan ?, 
a female title of respect 



x^ 



^\ 



h 


Persian 03 fva:34 


' 




Omm : mother 


< O^l ) f I 




Ommi : as If just born from the mother, illiterate 


<£\) y\ 




mogTIan : desert bushes 


O^s*" 




PJ3 ij J"^ 4 -»" (3y*i y iAw,P 




Hafez JS-^ p* D-*^* J^* ^ 


jS l^-iJjj-' 



Persian 03 bqt:339 



baygom : a female title of respect 
Xanom : a female title of respect 



l«5l> 



^ 



English ffl KLN:160 



begum : a female title of respect 



Uo 



Uog 



Uper 



see root: 1 2 
see root: Aueg 
see root: Upo 



Upo | Upo 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:1106; kln:1105 
U pO : to, from below 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1106; kln:1105 



Upa, Upa : to, toward 



WlPahlavi 03 



^ 



HRN:33; AEF:190,191 



pat, pa, pad : to, toward 

HRN:33 claims these prefixes are a combination of Avestan 

"upa" and "paiti". See AEF:190,191 for further discussion. 



Persian 03 MON:605; AEF:190,191 



beh : to, toward ( ' <U ) <U 

See "Per 3" for a different derivation 



Avestan 03 HRN:41, 65,71 ,72,73 



Upa-diti : to (in) sight, apparent^ Dheye 
Upa-Sad: to agreement sefecfron^Sed 



Upa-Var : in belief 1 * Wer 1 
Upa-d ray a: to good heaffh 1 *" Deru 1 
lipa-gah : to time, morning 
Upa-ni-da : hidden ®"Dhe 2 



Persian UJ BQT:2230,373,406 


padTd : apparent ( 
pasand : selection 


iIJjJj i oJjJj ) JjJj 


bavar : belief 
bedriid : farewell 




pegah : early morning 
penhan : hidden 

Ferdowsf oww 





w 



Avestan 03 pok:916 



upa-skambem : for 

support, a column 
or pillar^" Skabh 



Persian 03 POK:916; BQT:410; MON:798; FRS:183 



peckam : roof on columns, 
a room open all around, porch 






w 



W 



Germanic 03 ahd 



upp : up 

UpanaZ : open up 
LlbilaZ: over limit, evil 



English 



up 

open 

evil 



Latin 03 ahd 



S-Up : to below, under 



I 



French 



sujet, sublime' 



Persian 03 mon:1944,1952 



Ui' 



%y> i OJy 1 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



SUb- : under 

subject, sublime, submarine 



Upo | Urigh 



Indo-European 03 pok:1106; kln:1105 
U pO : to, from below 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



Indo-European ffl pok:1105; kln:1105 
U P©T : over, above, beyond 



W 



W 



Avestan 

03 POK:1105; KLN:1105 



Upairi : above, 
over, beyond 



Pahlavi 

03HRN 



apar: on, 

over, more 
than 



Persian 03 bqt:79 



abar : super ( o jJSji) , >jfij>) ) J>) 

bar 2 : ow^Bhergh ( ^ , pjj , fj ) ^ 
See root "Bhergh" for another possible derivation. 



Latin 03ahd 



Super: over 



I 



French 



h 


Persian ffl AMD:1242; VOP:220 


' 




Super: super ( C^jUrf^ ) jfy* 



English 03 ahd 



super, supreme, superior, sirloin 






Latin 03 kln 



s-upper-mo, summus:pea* 



English 



sum, summit 



Greek 03 ahd 



huper: 



English 



hyper 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



uberhc 



English 03 ahd 



Urdu 



see root: Urmak 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1681 



~X 



Urigh: 



W 



Sanskrit 

03 AHD:1116 



Vrihi:. 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 KLN:1346 



brtzi, vriz, urvinj:r 



W 



Greek 

03SYN:519; AHD:1116 



Persian 03 BQT:265; MON:198,5014; IEC:1681 



OrOZ : rice 
VarTzeh : rice 

berenj 2 : rice 



JJ' 



w 



Latin 



oryza 



Italian 



French 



ns, nz 



^ 



English 

03 AHD:1116 



490 



Urmak Urvan 



Mongolian 03 kln:742 



~X 



Urmak: to strike 

U TCl U : camp of strikers, army camp 



v* 



Turkish 

03 KLN:742,1861 



ordu : c 



Persian UJ KLN:1861; MON:197; NAT:14 



OruU : camp, army , also a "camp language" that was originally 
spoken by an Indian army of Hindi, Persian, Turkish and Arab soldiers. 



^j> 



^irf^j' • uT^j' ' 8 «3->j' 



W 



Hindustani 03 kln:1681 



Urdu : Hindustani language 



English 03 kln:1681 



Urdu : an Indian language 



^►l French 03 



KLN:742; AHD 



^ 



English ffl AHD:634; KLN 



hoard : a wandering tribe, 



group, camp 



W 



Indo-European 03 IEC:704,1593 



~X 



U TOI KS, LOI K : twist, twine, wicker, beard 






Avestan 

03 HRN:142; IEC:104,1593 


raesa : hair, beard 


[ 




V 


Sogdian 03 S0D:348 




rys'kk:deard 








Latin 03 IEC:704 




ITcium : woof, yarn 





Pahlavi 

03 BQT:988; SOD:348 



res : beard 
resak : (hairy) root 



Persian 

03 BQT:988,989; HRN:142; IEC:704,1593 



ris 2 : beard 
riseh : root 



i/<; 

<*•&*! 



Avestan 03 SYN:1088; BQT:967 



~x 



Urvan :sp/rit soui 



w 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:967 



ruvan : spirit 



Persian 03 bqt:967 



ravan : spin ( S£tf\ 3J , 3 \$i\ 3J ) r (>\ 3 j 



^-» | Sogdian 03 SQP:59 



^ 



rw n : spirit 
This may be a cognate rather than a derivative of Avestan "urvan". 



491 



Vaena 1 Varekahe 



V 



Avestan 03 aef:323 



A 



Vaena 1 , Vaena 1 : 



W 
^ 



Pahlavi 03aef:323 


h h 


Persian UJ bqt:341 
Din I : nose J^o 




venik, benik: nose 







Vaena 1 



Vaidurya 



see root: Vaena 1 
see root: Velur 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:234 
V ar : to cover, enclose 



W 
^ 



Pahlavi ffl ISS:234 


. 


. 


Persian UJ ISS:234; MON:511 
barm : reservoir, pool fl J 






Varm 1 : container, reservoir 





Varaka 



see root: Varekahe 



Avestan 03 BQT:1779 



V araZa : boar (animal) 
Cognate with Sanskrit "varaha" 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 MON:3212 



VaraZ : boar 



^ 



Persian 03 MON; HRN:200; BQT:1780,2263 



VOraZ : boar )\jl 

gOfaZ : boar, also a bold and strong person \\ J 

Amfd Lobakr y 5 y -A^l ^ y\^ £**&> £*JSjb y _ J> j^U-J y J> y J£a ,_$_*_*> j^ 



Avestan 03 SNS:281; SYN:525; EAV:86 



A 



Varekahe, Varaka: 



W 



^ 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:260; AEF:259 


► — 


Persian 03 MON:571; AEF:259 


barg : leaf, page, sustenance (<0 J < &Xi < lXu) lS *> 
Molavt 3jJ 0" f y o^-f J*Y >y£> - & j-f LSv_Aji ^l ?U3 i_Jj i_Jj 


varg, valg 







492 



Vareta | Vatin-ganah 



Avestan 03 bqt:253 



~X 



Vareta : 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:253; HUB:26 



Vartak 1 : slave 



Persian 03 HUB:26; BQT:253 



bardeh : slave 



^A 



w 



Arabic 

03 KLN:148 



bardaj 



^ 



| Italian 03 kln | 


W 




French 

03 KLN:148 




bardache 



English 03 kln:148 



bardash : slave 



Vata 



see root. 



Bata 



Sanskrit 03 KLN:125; AHD:86 



A 



Vatin-ganah : eggplant 
POK:383 shows "ganah: bundle, group" from the 
Indo-European root "Ger: to tie together". 



W 



Persian 03 KLN:125; BQT:213; MON:444 



badengan : eggplant 



( ^\Sjol> ) ^ISiil) 



w 



Arabic 03 kln:125,165 



badenjan, al-badenjan : eggplant 



Persian 03 BQT:213; MON:444 



badenjan : eggplant ( ^lyol) ) O^^i 



Spanish 03 kln:125 



berengina, au-berengina : eggplant 



French 03 ahd:86 



aubergine 



English Q3ahd:86 
aubergine : eggplant 



^ 



^ 



English 03 kln:165 
berengina : eggplant 



493 



Velur Vrsna 



Sanskrit 03 KLN:166; AHD:126 



~x 



VGlUr, DGlUT: a city in southern India (from a Dravidian root) 

Vaidurya, Veluryia : a crystal -from year. 



V* 



Greek 

03 AHD:126; KLN:166 



beryllos, berullos: 

the beryl crystal 



Arabic 03 mon:575 



bolur : crystal 

tabalvor 
motebalver 



Persian UJ mon:575 



bolur : crystal, clear ( jyLlfl < j^Lii ) j^!> 



Mas'ud Sa'd Salman 



V* 



Latin 03ahd:126 



beryllus : beryl 



French 03 ahd:126,166 



beryl, brillat 



Persian UJmon:511 



berelyan : cut diamond aU 



OVji 



^ 



English 03 AHD:126,166; KLN:200 



beryl, beryllium, brilliant 



Veluryia 



Veno 



Vesno 



Veso 



see root: Veliir 

see root: Wes 5 

see root: Wes 5 

see root: Wes 5 



Old Persian 03 bqt:1794 



A 



VrSa, VrSna: hunger 






Pahlavi 03 bqt:1794 



gursak : hungry 
gursaklh : hunger 
gursTtan : to be hungry 



Sogdian 03 S0D:79,414 



WS y : to be hungry 
WSn, 'wsnty : hungry 



Persian 03 BQT:1794; HUB:92 



gors 1 : hunger (S^jS , l S^»>j> i t?"JX ■* 'ff 
goresneh : hungry ( ci£ ) i^»J 

Bes-haq eivwji JU>- jl iU9 Cjij JU>- l) ^U> 



Vrsna 



see root: Vrsa 



494 



Wa W.a\m 



w 



Wa 



Wag 



see root : Eu 1 
see root: Wegh 



Indo-European 03 pok:1110; ieC:351,354 



WaCJ 2, oWaC|, G\N3K: cry, quack, squeak, squeal 
GwegUOS : a cracking bird 






Sanskrit 03pok:1110 



VagnU : tone, call, cry 



Greek 03 IEC:351 



bazo : talk 
bagma : talking 



Latin 03 IEC:351 



Vagi re: scream 
Vagio : scream 



Persian 03 IEC:351 ,352,354; BQT:1057; MON:1742 



ZaZ : worthless speech 

Zag : crow 

ZaKldan : bluster, rage, talk to oneself in rage 



A 



Farrokhf 



Indo-European 03pok:1110 



Wai: 






~x 



Avestan fflpOK:mo 


h 


^ 








Vay : alas, woe (Jj|g 


vayoi, avoya: aias 














Germanic ffl kln:1749 


fc fc 


English 
woe 




wai 



Semitic 03 kln:1609 



W.a\m 



: to match, agree, pair up 



W 



W 
^ 



Arabic 03 kln:1609 


h 


Persian 03mon:1159 

tOVl' am -.together with, twin »|y 

tow'aman: twins 0^'y 




taw am : twin child, accompanying 







Syriac 03 kln:1609 


* — 


Greek 03 kln:1609 


► 


English 03 kln:1609 
Thomas, Tom 


t6ma : twin 


tomas 



495 



Wag | We 2 
Wag 



Was 



see root: Wegh 
see root : Wes 1 



^ 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:81 



A 



We1, Aue1: 



Avestan 03 POK:81; KLN:1745; BQT:170 



Vata : wind 
Vaiti : blows 
Vat-aS : wind mill^' Ak 

antara-vayu : in the wind, 

wandering, poor En 



Persian UJ bqt:170,205 



bad : wind ( ^il) ( L&lplj , ,)lpl> ) ^ il> 

badas : wind mill j" I il> 

andarva : wandering, poor (jl^jjjl , jljj-tfl < IjjJjl 



Sanskrit 03 kln:1049 



nir-Vanah : blowing out, extinction^" N\s 



Persian 03 mon:4882 



nirvana : extinction of soul by 
absorption into the Supreme Being 



*ij# 



\* 



English 03ahd:889 



Nirvana : extinction of soul by 
absorption into the Supreme Being 






Germanic 03 ahd 



windaz, wedram : wind 

Vind-auga : wind eye (window) c * 

we-ingia : wing 



English 



wind, weather 

window 

wing 



Latin 03 ahd 


l 


' 


VentUS : wind 








Greek 03 ahd 


atmo : air 



English 03 ahd 



vent, fan 



I Latin 



I French 



Persian 03 MON:32 



atmOSfer : atmosphe, 



1$iMitJfin} 1 



English 



atmosphere 



W 



Greek 03 ahd 



English 



W 



Latin 



mal-aria : bad 

(sick) air 
®"M8l2 



► Italian 



French 03 mon:3709 



Persian 03 mon:3709 



malariya : malaria [i ,^U 



^ 



English 03 ahd 
malaria 



We 2 



see root: Au 2 



Webh Wed 



Indo-European 03pok:1114 
Webh : to weave 



~~\ 






Avestan 03pok:1114 



Ubdaena : woven fabric 



Persian 03 HRN:38; BQT:2461; MON:1462; POK:1114; OEW:424 



baftan 






Raf at Semnanf 



Germanic 03 ahd 



weban, wefta, wabila 



English 03 KLN; OEW:425 



weave, web, wave 1 , Webster, wafer, woof, wobble 



Indo-European 03 AHD:1550; POK:1179; KLN:1731; OEW:425 



WOpScI : insects with web-shaped nests, wasps 






Iranian 03pok:1179 



VaWZa : wasp 



Avestan 03pok:1179 



vawzaka : 



Pahlavi 03pok:1179 



VaSSZ : wasp 



Germanic 03 kln:1731; oew:425 



Wafsa, WOSp : wasp 



English 03 kln:1731 



wasp 



^ 



Latin 03 KLN:1731; OEW:425 



Vepsa, Vespa: "weaver" insect, wasp 



English 03 kln:1731 



vespiary 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:78; AHD:1547,1549; KLN:1732 

Wed, Wer 4, Aue 2, Ud 2. water, wet 



1 



PART 1 



~X 



^^)THER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan 

03 POK:78; KLN:1682 



var 1 , war, vara 1 : r 



^ 



4-Pahlavi 

03 BQT:218; AEF:209 



varan, varitan 



Persian 03 BQT:218; AEF:209 



baran : mm ( Jii^ , ,>U)l> . J>& ) o'j^i 

bargin : pond, storage of rain water ( >yj Xj ) >yj Xj 






Avestan 03 pok:78 



Udra : otter, water bird 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:242 



Vartak 2 : a water bird 



Persian 03 MON:5001; BQT:2262 



Vardlj : a water bird ( ,yj>-i^ ) «> jy 



Avestan 03 pok:78 



aoda : fountain 
Vaidi : waterway 
Vairi : sea 

varasnT: fesfcfes 



Old High German 03 ahd 



WaZZar : water 



French 



Vaseline : moisturizing oil 



^ 



Persian UJ mon:4944 



VazelTn : Vaseline 



*J. 



j'i 



English 



Vaseline 



497 



Wed Wedh 1 



W 



Indo-European 03 POK:78; AHD:1547,1549; KLN:1732 

Wed, Wer 4, Aue 2, Ud 2. water, wet 



I 



PART 2 



~X 



^^)THER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Greek 03 ahd 



hudor: water 



I 



French 



hydrogene : water maker'^' Gene 1 



h 


Persian ffl mon:5230 


' 




hidrogen ^jXJfc 



English 



hydrogen, hydrant, hydro 



,^ 



^ 



Old Irish 03ahd:1410 



UlSCe : water 

uisce beathadh : water 

of life 



English B3ahd:1460 



usquebaugh, usquabae, 
whiskey, whisky 



Persian 03 mon:5072 



Viskl: "water of life" 



J^iS 



Russian 03 ahd 



VOda : water 
VOdka : a drink 

t. — 



Persian UJ mon:4994 



VOdka : "water, drink" 



>>3 



English 03 ahd 



vodka 






Germanic 03 ahd 



Water : water 
Wed : wet 
Wat-Skan : wash 
wintrUZ : wet season, winter 



English 



water, wet, wash 
winter, otter 



Latin 03 ahd 



unda:* 



Latin 03 ahd 



SUper-Undere : wave around 

red-undare : overflow 



English 03 ahd 



surround 
redundant 



Latin 03 ahd 



Unna: urine 



English 



Wedh 



see root: Wen 



Indo-European 03pok:1115 



A 



Wedh 1 



to marry 



<+ 



W 
^ 



Avestan 03pok:1115 



Vadhu, VadlJ 1 : marry 
Vadhu-Upa : to marry 
^Upo 



Sogdian 03 SOD:403 
Wd : wife 



Persian UJ BQT:342; FRS:160; AEF:264 



bayiig : bride 
bayugam : marriage 



( &*} i O &*} ) Jam) 



Wedh 2 | Weg 1 



Indo-European 03pok:1115 
Wedh 2 : to push, strike, hit 



~~\ 



W 



W 



Avestan 03pok:1115 



Vadaya : push, push back 

Vada : wedge 

Vadar : weapon for striking 

vadhgan : ax 



Greek 

03 POK:1115; AHD 



Othein : to push 
6smOS:ac(of 

pushing (liquids) 



Latin 



French 
03 KLN:1100 



Persian 03 V0P:52 



OSmOZ : osmosis ( (J yj ) jj^ul 



V* 



^ 



English 03 ahd 



Indo-European 03 pok:1117, 1180 

Weg 1 : to weave 

WOKSO : woven (by the bees), wax 



)-->■ | Russian ta?| »- 



Germanic 03 ah d : 1 550 



wahsam, weke 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 kln:1695 



Velum : woven fabric 



~~\ 



Persian UJ mon:4958 



vaks: 



^3 



English 



wax, wick 



English 



veil, reveal 



Weg 2 | Weg 2 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1117 
Weg 2 : to be lively, strong 



~~\ 



Iranian 

ffl AEF:201; IEC:1499 



VaZ, WaZ: a root 
indicating power, 
largeness, being 
active or rising. 



W 



Old Persian 

03 POK:1117 



vazraka : 



Pahlavi 03 hrn 



vajarg, bazurk: 



W 



Persian 

03 BQT:272; POK:1117 



bozorg : 



s 



JJ>. 



Sogdian 03 S0D:429 



wz'rk:t 



Avestan 03pok:1117 



Vazra : a club 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:202 



Vazr : a club 



h 


Persian 03 bqt:1793 
gorz : a club j S 





^ I Pahlavi 03 HUB:22; AEF: 



201 



VaZltan : to rise up, be active, play 
baxtan : to rise up, play 
HUB:22 doss not accept 
the "baxtan" form 






Sanskrit 03pok:1117 



Vaja : power, to rise up 



Persian 03 AEF:201; HUB:22; IEC:1499 



bazidan : to play ( ,jfe , 8 jjjl, ) ^jjjl, 

baxtan : to play, also to lose in a game ' J»>U 

Manuchehi-r jU x3jja_i , I j x3jja_i ,y-?-l) Jjly S 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Waken : wake 
Wakjan : watch 
Waht : wait 



English 



wake, awake 

watch 

wait 



Latin 03 ahd 



vegere, vigere : to be lively 

Vel0X : lively 



English 



vegetable, vigor, vigilant 
velocity 



500 



Wegh | Wegw 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1119 



~X 



Wegh, Wag, Wag: 



to go, carry 



Avestan 03pok:1119 



VaZ : fly 

Vaza 1 : a bird, hawk 
pairi-Vaza:f/y around 
®"psr1 
Vaza 2, Vazista : travel 
Vazya : load 



Persian 03 BQT:21 7,391 ,2279; MON:4949 


DaZ : hawk, falcon 


( ijils , iji[> ) ^ jl> 


parvaz : flight 


foj\ 


VazTdan : to blow (wind) 


0-4J5 


Ferdowsf jt$ -j^&LJj j r j> j 4_3l^ Ul . 


jO ' jU Jwa*&& ^'^ )•&< j^ 



Wl Avestan 03pok:1119 



Vasta 2 : curved 

Vastar : load carrying animal 

UZdar, UZdri : carrier 



W I Latin 03 ahd 



Vehere : to carry 
VectUS : carried 
COn-VeXUS : carried to a point, curved 



English 



vehicle, vector, convection, convex 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



WegaZ : course of travel 
Wigan : to carry a load 



English 



way, away, always, wagon, wave 2, Norway 
weigh, weight 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1499 
W6gO : lizard? 



"~X 



W 



Avestan 03 IEC:1499 



Vazagha : lizard, i 



^ 



h 


Persian ffl IEC:1499; BQT:2278; HRN:242; MON:5018 


' 




vazag: frog < J^ t ^ > ^33 

Vazageh : a small lizard iijj 



Indo-European 03pok:1118 



A 



Wegw, Ugw, Uks: wet 

UKSGn : to make wet, inseminate 






Avestan 03 POK:1118; KLN:1106; SYN:153 



UXSan : ox, bull, 
inseminating animal 



Germanic 03 ahd 



uhson: 



English 



Latin 03 ahd 



humere : to be wet 



English 



humid, humor 



501 



Wegwh | Wei 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:348 



~X 



Wegwh, Ewegwh, Eueguh 



to speak solemnly 






Old Persian 03 tzf:29 



aok : to speak 

paiti-aOK : counter speech, response ^^ Per 3 

Connection to this root is doubtful 



Persian 03 tzf:29 



paSOX : response *"UuU 

See Root "Kas 2" for another possible derivation 



Avestan 03 POK:348; KLN:1722; SYN:1256; AVG:237 



aog, aoj, aOX : to speak 

aojaiti, aoxia, aogeda 

fJUS-UXta : ill-spoken ®"dus 



Latin 03ahd 



English 



vote, devote, vow 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1120 

Wei 1 



~X 



to bend, turn, twist 



Avestan 03 KLN:1749; ISS:42 



vay 3 : twist 

Vaeiti : willow tree 
Varasa : tree 



w 



Pahlavi 03 MON:58; SNS:287; BQT:338; ISS:42 



Vet : willow 

VlSag, VlSak : wooded a 



Persian 03 BQT:332,338; SNS:287; ISS:42 



bed : willow tree 
blSeh : grove, woods 









w 

L 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Greek 03 ahd 



English 


wire 




English 


iris 



502 



Wei 2 I Wei b 



^ 



Indo-European 03 P0K:1123,1177; kln:1714 

Wei 2 : vital force 
W\rOS:man 



Avestan 

03 POK:1177; KLN:1714 



Vlfa : man, (his mind) 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:334;ZAP:159 



VII": awareness 
Varm 2 : memory 

varm kartan : to 



memorize 



W 



Avestan 03pok:1123 



voi, vay 2, vivaiti, vayeiti 2-.to chase 
vyana 1 : followed 

Vatay : persecution 
Vltar 1 : persecutor 
VOi-thwa : chased 



W 

L 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Weraldh : man's world 



~~\ 



^ 



Latin 03 AHD; POK:1123,1177 



VIT : man 

Violere : treat with force 



Persian 




ffl MON:489 


BQT:2298; ZAP:159; BQT:262 


VI f : memory, 


intelligence ( ^ ) ^ a 


bar 1 : memory ( A J ) ' J 




wwXib r "]B 'j J^fib Xyw wO 


Ferdowsf 


jhj <0 ^IJj i^U ci-^S 3X3 



English 



world 



English 



virtue 
violent 



Weib 



see root: Weip 



503 



Weid Weid 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1125 



~X 



Weid, Woid, Wid: to see, to know 



Avestan 03 pok:1125, 1126 



vaeda, vidada :; know 

Vld- : knowing 

Vidya : knowledge 

Vista- : well known 

hu-Vaeda : well known, apparent^ Su 1 



I 



Persian ffl MON:5069,5669; BQT:2297,2401 


Vlda : apparent 


1^45 


Avesta : well known, knowledge, 


WW*jl 


Holy Book of Zoroastrians 




hovayda : apparent 


l»by& 



Avestan 03 POK:1121; AEF:379; HRN:70 



vidaiti, vinosti, vivaeda : find, finds 

paitis-Vaed : to search for 

HUB:41 does not agree with this etymology. 



Persian 03 aef:379 



paZUhldan : search ( y^ ( jAjfy ) OV^Ti 



Latin 03ahd 



Videre, visUS : to see, look 



French 



television 
visite 



t 



Persian 03 mon:1136,5071 



televizion : television 

VlZlt: visit ( |^,j ) CjjJi^ 



English 



view, review, interview, advice, envy, evident, 
vision, television, visa, visit, provide, survey, video 



Persian 



vTdTyO : video j»Jt> • 



W 
W 



Welsh 03ahd 



pen-gwyn : white-headed (bird), penguin 



French 



Greek 

03 POK:1127; AHD 



hist6r:w/se 
istoria : history, 
historical tales 
idea : form 



Arabic 03 TAD:3; FVQ:56 



OStlireh : historical tale 
asatTr : fables, myths 
FVQ:56 & VDQ:113,257 derive these 
from Arabic "s.t.r: write"; from 
Akkadian "sataru:to write". 



W 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Wttan : to look after, guide 
Wtssaz : wisdom 
Wit : wit 



Persian 03 amd:487 



pangUWan : penguin 



(frH 



Persian 03 mon:225 



OStlireh : myfh «..U.„I 

asatTr : myfhs, fahfes J»L»I 

Jjj3 <Gu*9l 3 <l~A j^wl <0 



JjJj 



* ,jh? M 3 <j^ 



English 



story, history, idea 



English 



wit, wise, wisdom 
guide 



504 



Weidh Weik 1 



Indo-European 03pok:1127 
Weidh : to separate, divide 



~~\ 






Avestan 03pok:1127 



Vidhava : separated, widow 



Persian 03 brt:1443 



biveh : 



8 *rf 



Germanic 03 ahd 



widewaz : 



English 



widow 



Latin 03 ahd 



dTvidere : to separate 



English 



divide 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1130 
Weik 1 : to bend, swing 



Avestan / Old Persian 03pok:1130 



waix, waik, waig.vaeg, vaeca : to swing 

Vyaxa, Vyaxman : assembly, collection 



w 



Pahlavi 03 AEF:169; HRN:30 



han-VeXt-an : to motivate, exc/te^Ssm 1 






Sogdian 03 S0D:417 



Wye : to stir, shake 



Germanic 03 ahd 



wik : willow twig (soft and bending), wicker 
WaikwaZ : bent, soft, weak 
wikon : a turning (of time), week 



Latin 03 ahd 



VICIS : turn, change, substitute 



Persian 03 BQT:67,333; HRN:14; MON:620 



VlXtan : to sling 
aVIXtan : to hang 
avang : pendulum 
bTxtan : to sieve 

parvizan : sieve 






Persian 03 BQT:178; AEF:169 



angiXtan : to excite, motivate 



English 



wicker 

weak 

week 



English 03 ahd 



vice-versa 

vice president, viceroy 



505 



Weik2 | Weip 



Indo-European 03pok:1131 



Weik2 



clan, a social club above the household 






Avestan 03 POK:1131; KLN:1708 



VIS : family 

VlS-paiti, VlS-pati : clan protector, chief 



Old Persian 03 knt:208 



Vlth : house, royal house 
Vitha : royal 



Latin 03ahd 



villa : country house 
vicUS : neighborhood 



French 



villa 



^ 



W 
^ 



Greek 03ahd 



Oikos : house 



~~\ 



h 


Persian UJ mon:5073 
Vila : villa % 5 





English 03 kln:1710 



villa, village 
vicinity 



English 



eco-, 

ecology, economy 



Indo-European 03pok:1131 



Weip, Weib: 



to go back and forth 






Avestan 03pok:1131 



Vip : to send, dispatch 



Germanic 03 ahd 



wipjan 



Latin 03 ahd 



Vibrare : to vibrate 



^\ 



English 



wipe, whip 



English 



vibrate 



506 



Weis Wek 



Indo-European ffl pok:1134 
WGIS : to rot, melt away, flow 



^\ 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:1134; KLN:1714 



Vaesa : mold 

Vis 1 , Visa : rotten food, poison 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:338 



beS 2 : a poisonous plant 

See "Dwei" for an alternative root. 



Persian 03 bqt:338 



bis 2 



a poisonous plant 



Latin 03ahd 



VITUS : slime, poison 
Viscum : slime 



French 



Persian UJ mon:5070 



VITUS: virus 



0*3 j>. 3 



^ 



English 



virus 
viscous 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



WISOn : slime 

wisolon : stinking animal, weasel 

wisand : a bison with musky smell 



English 



OOZe 2 : mud, sediment 

weasel 
bison 



^►fOld 



Indo-European 03 pok:1135; knt:207 



A 



Wek 



to wish, desire 



Persian 03 KNT:207; BST:234 



VaS : to wish, desire 
Vasna : will, desire 
Vasiy: at will 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 MON:537; KNT:207; BQT:276 



VaS : enough 
VaS-yar : plenty 



Persian UJ KNT:207; BQT:276; MON:537 



baS : enough, sufficient ( -*j) y*5 

basand : sufficient («JJ»»>) JJ»»> 

besyar : plenty, many <L5jL»>) jL»> 

Ferdowst ijj C~$X> jj J (Jjj jljl J-CW) 






Avestan 03pok:1135 



vasami, usamahi : ; wish 

an-USant : not willing, reluctant^ Ne 1 
Vasah : desired 

vasnah : wish 



Greek 03pok:1135 



eXOn : willing 

a-ex6n : not willing, reluctant 



507 



Wekw Wekw 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1135 



~X 



Wekw, Weqw: 



voice, to speak 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:1135 



vak, vacah, vaxs 1 : 

word, voice, sound 



W 



Persian 03 BQT:204,21 8,2260; FSF:64; ZMA:28 


Vak : sound 


A S 


Vazeh : word 


"% 


Vazgan : any word (original or borrowed) used in a language 


Mi 


VaZ : quietly said prayers T w * 


f ft.fo 


Ferdowst cJUi f*> £ J JU U *S«S j -eA - C~£&i jj _p 


oJJw»—wy 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:1135; KLN:1719; SYN:26 



a-VaC : voice, song 

f ra-VaXS : call out, se//®" Par 1 

paurvata-VaC : mountain voice, 

echo Parvan 
Vi-Vacah : to speak out ironically^ Wi 



Persian 03 BQT:401, 1473,2260; HRN:263 


ava : voice, song 




<;b~> IjT 


foruxtan : to sen 




Cr^> 


pazvak : echo 




^jfc 


govazeh : blame 


sarcasm 


< 0-4j'/ ) °j'/ 




•>3j-* 3 1 tri •>) ^ °j'/ 


Ferdowsf 


i«j«i> 


j o'jV, jy^ &) <$ 



w 



Avestan 03 hrn:241 



VaXS-6-bara : voice carrier'^' Brier 1 



W 



Pahlavi 03 mon:4992 



VaXS-War : messenger 



Persian 


03 MON:4992 


BQT:2260 


HRN:241; VSF:17 


vaxsur 


prophet, 


Zoroaster 


jy^3 








(JjP- «lj 


J>oj» j3^3 J*"^ ^ 


Ferdowsf 






(^yS <^_J 


^jj l$*$ >J jl Jj> 



w 



Avestan 03 bqt:2174 



ni-Vak : sound, music 
hU-ni-Vak:goodsound cS "Su 1 



Persian 03 BQT:21 74,21 78 



nava : sound, melody \ o3 

XOnya : melody, music ( J) UJc* ) UJc* 



V 



Old Persian 

03 ETM:61 



Wak : to speak 
Wank : call, called 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:229 



Vang : call, loud sound, crying 



Persian 03 ETM:61; BQT:229 



Vang 2 : call, crying T Jtf. 

bang : call, loud sound lSJw 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 etm:72 



UX : word 

hu-UX-tay : good words ®"Su 1 



Persian UJ ETM:72; BQT:2388 



rlUXt : good words, 
prayer, prayer house 



( c™J>yt < fyt ) cJ>yfc 



Latin 03ahd 



VOX, VOC : voice 

vocare : to can 



English 



voice, vocabulary 



508 



w 



Indo-European 03pok:1137 
Wei 1 : to wish, desire 



Avestan 03 POK:1137; DVS:198 



var 2, ver 1 , varena : to wish 

Upa-Var: to believe^ Upo 
ad\-Var : in truth cr En 
XSatra-Vairya : desired city, 
heavenly country Ksei 1 



I, 



(-Pahlavi 03 bqt:1316,1303 



Varavistan : to believe 
paver : belief 
evar : indeed 
Satri-Var : name of a month 






Sogdian 03 S0D:412 



Germanic 03 ahd ►- 



Latin 03 ahd 



Velle, VOl : desire 



Wei 1 I Wei 1 



~X 



Persian 03 BQT:1316,1803; HRN:203; MON:2098 


geravidan : to believe 


0-4 xP 


bavar : belief 


j& 


an : yes, indeed 


lSjT 


SahriVar : name of a Persian month, 


jfy*^ 


also the forth day of each month 


Ferdowsf ^O j[i \j Ol jO jljil^> _ $\xAi 


)' 0**! jyi..j*^ M 


See "Wer 1" for another possible root of "bavar" 





English 03 ahd 



Well 1 : good 

wealth, will, William 



English 



volunteer 



509 



Wei 2 I Wei 2 






Indo-European 03pok:1144 



Wei 2 : to tear, pull, wound 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Sanskrit 03 bqt:2253 



vrana : wound 



Persian 03 MON:4966; POK:1145 



valaneh, valaneh: 



<G^ , toils 



Latin 03ahd 



VUlmUS : wound 
Vellere : to tear 



English 



vulnerable 
vulture 



Indo-European 03pok:1139 



Wela, Wlna, Wolko: plucked on (wool) 






Avestan 
03 POK:1139 



varesa : hair 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:202 



VarS : curly hair 



Sogdian 03 SQP:412 



Persian 03 MON:5004; SNS:285; BQT:1794; KLN:856 



VareS : a string used In 
Zoroastrian ceremonies 

gors 2 : curly hair 



p 



Germanic 03 ahd 



WUlla : wool 



English 



wool 



Latin 03 ahd 



Villus: shaggy hair 



English 



velvet 



V* 



Indo-European ffl kln:1750 
W I KWO : tearing animals, wolf 






Avestan 03 KLN:1750; SOD:423 



vherka, vehrka : wolf 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:202 



gurg 



Persian 03 bqt:1797 



gorg : wolf 



s; 



Old Persian 

03 KNT:206 



varkana:wo/f/and 



Pahlavi 

03 KNT:206 



gorgan 



Persian 03 knt:206 



Gorgan : a district S.E. of the Caspian i 



$f 



Sogdian 03 S0D:423 



wyrk : wolf 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



WUlfaz : wolf 



English 



wolf 



510 



Wei 2 I Wei 3 



Indo-European 03pok:1144 
Wei 2 : to tear, pull, wound 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1179 
Wlp, Ulp, LUp-. wolf, dog 



W 



Avestan ffl pok:1179 



urpa, urupis, 
lupis, raopias: c/og 
taxma-urupa:(Wffi7j 

strong dogs ^ Tenk 



Persian ffl BQT:968; MON5:405 



gorbeh : "an animal that tears up" ( ^\ja ) ) <U 5 

TahmureS : "(with) strong dogs" ( & )<wrf«L> ) ^ )<ws&3 

Ferdowsf JJwjJSyb ^Jjya^jff 4j.WSl 5> _ JJ^yb Jo I j jl jj Jj >**J 



W 



^ 



Old High German C3 kln:27 



athal-WOlf : noble wolf (Adolph)^ Atos 



English 03 kln; ahd 



Adolph 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1140 



Wei 3:* 



Avestan 03pok:1140 



Var 3 : turn, time (as in one tine) 

varemi, varamis : wave 
varanavaity : covered 



Avestan 03pok:1140 



-Var 4 : similar to, like 
Var 5 : ceremony 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 HRN:241; BQT:2373 



Varisn : conduct, 
way of living 



W 



W 



v* 

^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Wel : willow tree (bending branches) 

welk : walk 

Wall : rolling water, a cavity, wallet 



Latin 03 ahd 



VOlvere : to roll, make cavity 
ValleS : valley 



Greek 03 ahd 
hel-ix 



~X 



Persian ffl POK:1140; SNS:98; MON:51 1 ; SOD:41 1 



bar 2 : time (as in two times), it also refers 
to time of admission as in the following words. 

darbar : court 

barm : pool, pond, wave 



( jl) JJc») ' jl) 



^j|a3"V y*s ^| ji yOO)U $ Vj - 






"J 1 



/. ^-^. >; D 1 



,ut 



Persian 03bqt:1137 



Var 2 : like 



J'J- 



ham-VW : like each other, even^" Sam 1 )'?«* 

r 



Var 3 : a custom or ceremony 

Rudakt Xal /tLo') I) <u")f <lU^ 



■J 



4Jauj - 







English 



revolve, involve, evolution, 
valve, vault, volume, valley 



English 
helix 



511 



Wela Wen 



Wela 



see root: Wei 2 



Indo-European 03pok:1146 
Weill : to spit, vomit 






Avestan 03 POK:1146; KLN:1722 



Vam : to spit, vomit 



Latin 03ahd 



vomere : to vomit 



Pahlavi 03 POK:1146; HRN:296 



vamitan : to vomit 

Vatak : saliva 



English 



vomit 



W 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1146; oew:434 



Weil : to wish, desire 
This root has derivative related 
to sexual or hunting desires 



Avestan 03 POK:1146; KLN:1697 



Vanaiti : he wishes 

vantar : victorious 

Vayeiti 1 : he hunts 
Vital" 2 : pursuer 
Vyana 2 : pursued 
Vati : persecution 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Pahlavi 03pok:1146 



VanTtan : to be victorious 



Avestan 03wld1:259 



Vana : woods, tree 

(hunting place) 
OEW:434 explains that Indian 
hunters used to trade animal 
skins under "banyan" trees. 



Pahlavi 

03 WLD1:259 



v* 



Avestan B3aef:291 



Vana-VaXSa : grown in the woods, 
wild pansy, violet^ Aueg 



W 



Pahlavi 03aef:291 



Vana-Vasak : pansy, violet 
HUB:33 doubts this derivation 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:260 



Van : overpower, win 



Sanskrit 03 OEW:434; AHD:1549; WLD1:259 



Van Ija : Hindu trader of animal skins (obtained from hunting) 
Vana : forest, trees (place of hunting or trading animal skins) 



Persian UJ WLD1:259; AEF:287 



Van : tree Aj 

bon 2 (ban) : tree, tree stump ' >J 

Ferdowst |V*— <• ,vj t-w Jjljj ti jSj 



Persian 03aef:291 



banafseh : pansy <i£o 

banafsh : violet, blue ,****■> 

z j£ ***** <U2 [5$ j ^ ')$) j& 



Khayyam 






English 03ahd:104 



banian : Hindu trader 
banyan : a large type of 
tree in tropical India 



512 



Wen | Weqw 



W 



Indo-European ffl POK:1146; OEW:434 

Wen : to wish, desire 
This root has derivative related 
to sexual or hunting desires 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Latin 03ahd 



vener : to love 

VenUS : love 

venerium : love potion 

VenetT : beloved people 
(of Venice) 



French 



Venus 

Venezia : (through Italian) 

Vennezuela : ante Venice 

(through Spanish) 



Persian 03 MON6:2222,2223 



VenUS : Venus o"^! 

VenTz : Venice yj. 

Venezuela : Venezuela %* U? 



^ 



English 



venereal, Venus 
venom, Venice 






Germanic 03 ahd 



Winnan : seek to gain, overpower, win 
WUnsk : desire 



English 



win 
wish 



Latin 03 kln:1697 



venan : to hunt 



English 03 kln:1697 
Venery : hunting 



Indo-European 03 kln:1697 



Wedh: 



^ 



r 



Avestan 03 kln:1687 



Vadu 2:tolead 

vadayeiti : leads 



Indo-European 03pok:1149 
Wep : to throw, spray ? 



~~\ 






Avestan 03pok:1149 



vaf ra : s 



Pahlavi 03pok:1149 



vafr 



Sogdian 03 SOD:401 



wfr:j 



Persian 03 POK:1149; AEF:258 



barf: snow 3y 



Sanskrit 03pok:1149 



Vapati : throws 



Latin 03pok:1149 



VepreS : a kind of bushy plant 



Weqw 



see root: Wekw 



513 



Wer1 Wer2 



W 



Indo-European 03pok:1162 
Wer 1 : to speak 



"~X 



Avestan 03 POK:1162; KLN:1751; SYN:1254 



Ver 2 : to decide, command 

verata, urvata, vrvata, varah, wrvata 

Upa-Var : in belief^ Upo 






Persian ffl MON:4995; BQT:230 



Var : tests, such as passing through fire, used 
to judge the innocence of a defendant 

bavar : believing as true 

See root "Wei 1" for another possible root of "bavar" 






Germanic 03 ahd 



WUrdam : word 



English 



word 



Latin 03 ahd 



Verbum : word 



English 



verb, adverb, proverb 



Greek 03 ahd 



eirein : to say 



English 



irony 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:1142-1157 



~X 



Wer 2 : to turn, bend 

Werb, Werq 3, Wermi, 
Kwermi, Werp, Wert, Wrei 



PART 1 

SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 KLN:1703; ISS:223; KNT:207 



varet, wars, vart : to turn 

ni-Vart : roll down cr NT 1 



Persian 03 HRN:198,201; BQT:1820,1787; BLY:75 



gardTdan : to turn i3JwO S 

gardan : neck ( j£ii$ , &}$ ) ^i_f 

^y tij* jt* )' 4 -vJr* - ^ &■>/ .3 3^ *-> ^y.jM 



V k 



h 


Persian 03 HRN:198, 201; BQT:1820, 1787 






gerd : round 2$ 




gerdu : iva/nuf &}S 




gard : dust, makeup powder ( 0^ J ) 2> 5 




Fsrdowst i yj J» yi i £ Ll) ]\ y> _ i yS J'fM ji f J <U «iji j 



w 

L 
^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:176 




gwrdtq : kidney 








Avestan 03pok:1157 


verdeka, veredka : kidney 

(because of its round shape) 



Persian 03 HRN:235; BQT:2186 



Vardaneh : rolling pin 

navardidan : to mil, travel 



&*i -"jy J^ y A) 



\4 






Pahlavi 03 mon:3255 



gurtak : kidney 



Persian UJ mon:3255 



gordeh : kidney t,}S 



514 



Wer2 Wer2 



W 



W 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:1142-1157 



Wer 2 : to turn, bend 

Werb, Werq 3, Wermi, 
Kwermi, Werp, Wert, Wrei 



PART 2 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Sanskrit 03pok:1154 



Varj : to turn around 



Persian 03 BQT:258,2273; HRN:242 



Varg : a dam made to turn water around 



Farrokhf ;> 



J-rfV' £_J.3 



<6 * 



< V^rf < '{/) \ji 



iberf <l>jUiS - y yj& PS yjj )jlj;j } ji QZ 



Avestan 03 KLN:1752,1755; pok 



Urvisyeiti : turns 
Varep : to mark 
a-Vareta : a valuable object 



Latin 03ahd 



Vetere : to turn 

vergere : to turn 

Vermis : worm 



French 



vermicelle 



h 


Persian LLI mon:5011 


' 




VermTsel : vermicelli lV^JS 



English 03 ahd 



adverse, anniversary, convert, divert, invert, 
version, versus, universe, university, vertebra, 
vice-versa, vertical, transverse, verse, verge, 
vermicelli, vermouth 






Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:649 



kermi, kerma, karem:* 



Sanskrit 03 pok:649 



krmi : worm 

krmi-ja : made from worms (a red dye) 



Persian 


U 


BQT:1625 


kerm : worm 


fi 




Persian 


m 


MON:2663 


qermez 


: red 


JV 






Sogdian 03 SOD:203 



kyrm : worm, snake 



Arabic 03 bqt:1527 



qermez : red 



English 03 AHD:205,303 



kermes, carmine, crimson 



V* 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1596 
WrOpal : club, mace 



Persian 03 IEC:1596; MON:3109 



kiipal : mace, club ( Jl»j> ) JbjS" 

Ferdowst ;>A 3 JUy 3 j*JUJj Ji^ljJ* - **%)** f J-^ f *— ^ A ^n 3J3 



W 



^ 



Greek 03 IEC:1596; DEW:435; POK:1156 



rhopalon : club, i 



515 



Wer 3 Wer 4 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:1116; ieC:1599 



~X 



Wer 3: to cover 

Werg 2, Wreg 2, Wrg : to enclose, constrict 



Avestan / Old Persian 

03 POK:1116; AEF:212; KNT:207; SPG:230 



var 6, vara 2, vara 2 : cover, wan 

Vardana, paru-zana : walled-in area, city 



w 



Persian UJ bqt:216, 254, 


1473 










Var 1 : wall 










f jb- 


baru : castle wall 








<«j 


lj)«lj 


barzan : suburb, street 










Ojj* 


Ferdowsf 


Jy> 


jJ3\ 




'> 


«jl) j*. 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:1116; AEF:268 



dega-Vara : c/ay waff^Dhsigh 

fra-varna, upairi-vara : w/ft waits 

around or cover over Pev 1 & Upo 
pairi-Vara : wa/fed around, barn *" Par 1 
paiti-Vara : casffe (defense) wall^ Par 3 



Persian 


03 BQT:391,1473; AEF:268 




divar : ' 


clay wall" 




;'#•> 


farvar : a summer house 
with doors or windows on 


all sides 


«jb>> h} 


parvar : barn, barn raised animal, 
fat animal 


hj\ 




JUjAijijS 


,j*t> °^3 &)> ^£$ 


Rudakt 


jljjjj ikj, 


)\ j j <Gu;0 


*■) .3<>i> 



v* 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 bqt:1476,1478 



fra-Var, fra-Vahr, fravasi : a protecting angefi 
fra-Var-tinam : descent of holy spirits 



w 



Pahlavi 03 bqt 



farvahr : a guarding angel 
farvartin : the month of 
"Farvahar" 



Persian UJ bqt:1476-1478 



Farvahar : a protecting angel 
FarvardTn : the first month of year 






W 



Avestan 03pok:1116 



Varethra : defender, 
also name of a demon 

varethra-jan, varethra-gam : 

demon killer Gwben 2 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:324 



varhram : 



Persian 



vahram : victorious 

bahram : "demon killer", 
a male name 






Persian UJ IEC:1599; MON:3505 



gij : dizzy, dumb ™^j 

Molavt 7t*w*> T j% 'ji\ ^UU ^ «*> jJ> - TuS JlL> ^ Cv^S jU«*> AldS 



w 



V* 



Latin 03ahd 



Op-en re : to cover^ Epi 
ap-erire : to uncover, open^ Apo 



English 



cover 
aperture 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



English 



Wer 4 



see root: Wed 



51! 



Wer 5 Werdh 



Indo-European 03pok:1166 
Wer 5 : to burn 



~~\ 



W 



^ 



Russian 03 POK:1166; AHD:1148 



Varit : to boil, cook 

SamO-Variti , SamO-War : self boiler used for 
boiling water^^Sem 1 



h 


Persian ffl mon:1918 


' 




samavar: "seifboiier j^U^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:1150; IEC:1347; WLD1:264 



Wer 6, Swer: 



to bind, hang on the scale, heavy 






Avestan 03 IEC:1347 



XWairiS : blame, weight 



*— I Persian UJ I EC : 1 348 



XWar : indigent, low in value )' V*" 

See root "Eter" for a different derivation 



Latin 03ahd:1549 



SeriUS : grave, serious 



English 03 ahd 
serious 



Greek 03 IEC:1347; AHD:1150 



aeirein : to raise 

arteria : artery 

AHD is not sure of this derivation 



English 03 ahd 



aorta, artery, meteor 



W 



^ 



French 



aorte 



Persian UJvop:1 



a'ort: aorta 



Ojyl 



Indo-European 03 IEC:1577; pok:1151 



A 



Wer 6, Werd: raised point 

Wordos, Worda, Wordia^art fr 0g 



Persian 03 IEC:1577; MON:467; FRS:201 



bald : wart 
Shaker Bokharf 









Germanic 03pok:1151 



war, warton : wart 



English 03 ahd 



wart, warble 



Latin 03 POK:1151; IEC:1577 



verriika : 



English 03 ahd 



Werb 



Werd 



Werdh 



see root: Wer 2 
see root: Wer 6 
see root: Ered 



517 



Weredh Weren 



Weredh 



see root: Ered 



Indo-European 03pok:1170 

Weren : iamb 



^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1170 



varnak : iamb 



W 



Pahlavi 03 POK:1170; BQT:268 



varrak : iamb 

vara-gna, vare-gna, varen-zar, varag : iamb 

killer (referred to falcon or crow) ^^ Gwhen 2 



Persian 






03 BQT; POK:1170; 


HRN:192 


SOD:398 


barreh : iamb 




V 


vargeneh : falcon 




<u* J5 


kalag : crow 




t % 



w 



^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:398 



W'rgn'k: fa/con 



51S 



Werg 1 | Wert 



W 






Indo-European 03pok:116 



~X 



Werg 1 : 



Avestan 

03 POK:1168; KLN:1751; SYN:537 



vareza : work 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:254,2268; MON:5002 


' 




varzidan : to work (^^ t ^^ ^ > ^j^ 




barz, VarZ : work, farming \ jo t \ J 




barz-gar : fer^r <j^jjj - / j JS > /irf 




Varzav : strong cow ( 5 j J5 , I jjj) jljjj 




VarzeS 1 : activity, farming, occupation, sports J"**) )9 




Jjy& Ji<p* J^) j3 Liy^ ji^l ) ty - *b V f >*" 3 -tow >p U-^ 
Ferdowsf 



Old Persian 03 knt:207 



Vard : work 



Greek 03ahd 



organon : toot 



L 



Arabic 03 mon:203 ►- 



Persian 03 BQT:106; MON:203 



arghanun 



Or*j' 



French 03ahd:296 \*- 



Persian 03 mon:205 



Org : organ S jl 



English 03ahd:926 



organ, organon 



W 



Middle German 03 kln:209; ahd:155 



bolwerk : fortification work 



French 



h 


Persian ffl mon 


' 




bolvar ( ; |^ ) ; |^ 



English 03ahd:155 



boulevard 






Germanic 03 ahd 



werkam : 



English 



work 



Greek 03 ahd 



ergon : work 



French 



Persian 03 mon 



l#/.l&»Jk.l#jjl 



^ 



English 



argon, energy, allergy, metallurgy, surgery, George 



Werg 2 



Werg 3 



Wermi 



Werp 



Wert 



see root: Wer3 

see root: Wer2 

see root: Wer2 

see root: Wer2 

see root: Wer2 



515 



Wes 1 Wes 2 



W 



Indo-European 03 P0K:1171,1172; ieC:1582 



~x 



Wes 1, Wesa, Was, Wos, Wosos 



wet, also male animal 



Avestan / Old Persian 
03 POK:1172; DZA:59 



us-tra, UStra:came/ 

Zara-UStra : (with) old camels^ Gev 2 



W 



Sogdian 03 SOD:30,439 



- XWStr:came/ 



^ 



Avestan 03pok:1172 



vanhu, vohnua, vohuni: blood 



W 



Sogdian 03 SOD:176,437 



XWm : blood 






Sanskrit 03 POK:1172; IEC:1582 



UStra : camel 
Vasa : liquid 



^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



WOS -.juice 



Persian 03 bqt:138 



OStor : camel 

ZartOSt: "owner of old camels", Zoroaster 






Persian UJ BRT:1434; HRN:113; SYN:206 



XUn : blood 



bf 



c ~" 'Pj >!$ j-i .3 j-8- 3 [/ ■>/ *-> 



Persian 03 IEC:1495,1525,1582; MON:470 



bah : sperm, sexual drive j^j 

MON:470 derives this word from Arabic 



English 03pok:1172 



OOZe 1 : to leak out slowly 



Wes 2 



see root: Aus 2 



520 



Wes 3 Wes 4 



Indo-European 03pok:1172 



~X 



Wes 3, Ew-es, Eu-es 



to wear, put on 






Avestan 03 POK:1172; KNT:219 



vastra 1 , vasta 1 : clothing 
vaste, vasaiti, aothra, 
vah, vahna.vanhna : cover 



Sanskrit 03pok:1172 



vasman, vasana : mot cover 



Persian 03 aef:230 


bam 2 : shelter, house, roof 






< r oli) 


T f l, 


banu : house lady 








yt* 


Molavf 


- t-X ^ j' 


<jf~ 


^iif 


ifr 1 


HUB:25 does not agree with this derivation of "banC 


". 







Old Persian 

03 HUB:32; AEF:305 



vahana: 



Pahlavi 03 hub:32 



Vahanak : hidden 



reason, excuse 



Persian 03 aef:305 



bahaneh : 



<gI^> 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 BRT:904; AEF:410; KLN:1223; KNT:196 



apa-Vasta, pavasta, pastO -.outer cover, skin, bark^" Apo 






Pahlavi 03 SNS:410; SNS:139 


post : skin, bark, cover 






Sogdian 03 S0D:331 




pWSt : skin 

pWSt' k : writing tablet 





Persian 03 BQT:427; AEF:410; MON:830 



pUSt : skin, hide ( ^pL»yl , C^iyl ) C~»yl 

Ferdowsf £***ji <CJ6 q <1~A 'pj> <CJ6 y*** 



Avestan 03 BRT:904; AEF:410 



pastO-fratha : as wide as the skin gefs^*" Par 1 






Germanic 03 ahd 



Wazjan : to wear 



English 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



Vestis : garment 



English 03 ahd 



vest, divest, invest 



Indo-European 03 pok:1171; wld1:307 

WeS 4 : eat, feed 
Compare with "Ed:to eat". 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:1171; WLD1:307 



vastra 2, vastra 2 : food, feed, 

fodder, also a lining and cover 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:260 



Vastr : farm, meadow 
VastriuS : farmer 



Persian 03 SNS:260; MON:4946 



Vastar : meadow, farm 
VastriyUS : farmer 



I; , I 



The relationship of the Persian word 
"vas:wheat" to these words is not clear 



521 



Wes 5 Wet 



Indo-European 03 POK:1173; OEW:440; AEF:302 



~x 



WeS 5: to buy 
WeS"nO: buying price, value 
WeSll:se// 

Veso, Veno, Vesno 



^ 



Pahlavi 03aef:302 



Vah-ak : value 



Persian UJ AEF:302; FSF:91 



baha : value 

baha-gTr : valuable 

Fsrdowst •,[> j£[%-1 ^l 



-W <^JK> ji *, 



> 



w 



^ 



Latin 03 AHD:1550; OEW:440 



venum : safe 
ven-dere : to sen 



English 03 OEW:440 



vend, vendor 



Wesa 



Wesn 



Wes-no 



We-spero 



Wesr 



Wesu 



see root : Wes 1 

see root: Wes 5 

see root: Wes 5 

see root: Au 2 

see root: Aus 2 

see root : Su 1 



Indo-European 03 pok:1175; oew:441 

Wet : year, also referring to things with 
few years {young) or many years {old) 






Iranian 03 hrn:43 



Vasa : one year old, 
young child 



Pahlavi 03 HRN:43; HUB:26 



Vhat-Cak, Cacak : one year old, child 



Sanskrit 03 skt:592 



vasta : 



Latin 03 OEW:441; AHD 



VltuluS : having few years, young cow, calf 
VetUS : having many years, old 
VetennUS : old cattle 



Persian 03 BQT:237; HRN:26 



baceh : child, baby 



English 03 ahd 



veal 

veteran 

veterinary 



522 



Indo-European 03 P0K:1175,1176 
Wj : part, apart 



^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1175; knt:204 



Wl, VI 2, VI 3 : apart, away, opposite 



^ 



W 



W 



Avestan 03 hrn:205 



Vl-Cira, VICara: to judge ^^Kwsr 
Wi-Car : to move, do ®" Kwer 



^ 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:73 



VICir: judge 

Wi-Zarisn : to do, to translate 



W 



Arabic 03 kln:1718 



^ 



Avestan 03 hub:95 



Vi-mad: to cure®" Ms 
Vi-radh, Vi-raiti : to set separate, 

ed/f®"Ar 
Vi-manah : think apart, guess 

®*Men 1 
Vi-mar : to designate ®" Mer 1 



W 



Wi Wi 



PART 1 



~X 



SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Persian UJ BQT:1809,2258; MON:4988 



Vacar -.judgment frt, 

vacargar: judge y r^.3 

gOZardan : to (rans/ate iPj'i^ 

Labtbt ji j->J ) Va <vl ji fjO Cicso 



Persian 03 bqt:2279 



VaZir -.minister 



AJ3 



Avestan 


03 HRN:205 








vi 


-Star : to spread ouf®"ster 1 






vi 


-staka 


: to stand against, 


rude 


V 


sta 


vi 


-saed : 


to cut off®*Sek 








vi 


-sa, vi- 


sa, vi-hay : to 


open 


ca- 


Se1 



Avestan 03 POK:1176; HRN:199,203 



Vi-kas : see apart®" Kwek 
Vi-raec : run away®" Leigh 2 
Vi-Saiti i: (two) separate tens®^* Dekm 
Vi-tar : to go further, cross ®*Ter 1 



W 



Avestan 03 NYB:217; FFD:75 



Vi-Cay, Vi-kay : choose apart 

®"Kwei2 
Vi-Zainti : to hit against, harm 

®"Gwhen 2 
Vi-maik : mix different things 

®*Meig 



Persian 03 bqt:1800,1816,1818 



gostardan ( ji^> , J>J^S ) ^iJi^S 

gOStaX : "(one who) stands against" m 1^5 

gOSastan : "cut apart" ( L„£ , • JU^^S ) ■£**»£ 

gosadan ^U^ 



► 


Persian UJ bqt:437,834 




bimar 


J**"*i 




Virastan : "to set apart", edit 


< j^-U s ) cr»U 3 




goman : "think apart", guess 


i)W 




gomardan : "to designate" 


(4lJ>w t fSJtw ) ^p j uw 



Persian 03 BQT:1776,1778,18 



govah ( <l,Lj»I/ ) t \£ 

gorixtan : run away ( y$ ) 'jlx>5 

DlSt : fivo "separate" tens 



gozastan ( ^jl jj ( tfj,\j$ ) ^jjT 



Persian 03 BQT:1813,1835; FFD:75 



gOZldan : "choose apart" (^JjJ> j>, JiXlJ) ) ' ^Jj)> 

gazTdan : "h/( aga/nsf" (Jjji ) ' AJjj> 

gomTxtan : "mix different things" ( ^eS ) 'jIXmjJ 



523 



w 



^ 



Wi | Wlp 

Indo-European 03 P0K:1175,1176 



Wi 



PART 2 



~X 



part, apart 



SEE OTHER PART ( S ) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES 



Avestan / Old Persian ffl pok:1175; knt:204 



WI, VI 2, VI 3 : apart, away, opposite 



W 



Avestan 03 NYB:217; FFD:75 



Vi-Vacah : to speak against 
^Wskw 
Vi-taxtl : melt apart^*" Dhogh 
Vi-kar : to digest^ Kwsr 



Persian 03 BQT:1813,1835; FFD:75 



govazidan : "to speak against" ( M & ) AJjM & 

godaxtan : "to meit apart" (ajljO < ^Jjjljj ) /jl>ljj 

govardan : to digest ( J>j\£ , I jl^ ) O^j'/ 



Avestan 03pok:1175 



Vis 3, Vlt: apart, 

away, opposite 



V 



Avestan 03 POK:1176; KNT:208 



Vis-patha : a// around 
Vis-pat : depart 
VIS pa : all 

vispa-dahyu:a//proi 



'Wnces Dhfs 



Avestan 03 POK:1176; KNT:208; SOD:73 



vTtarem : sideways 

Vltara : further, later, tomorrow, morning 

Vithra : separate 

Oithara : lonely 






Old Persian 03 knt:208 


visa, vispa:a// 






Sogdian 03 S0D:73 




WC C| : tomorrow 
'yW-WSy -.lonely 





Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1748 



Withro : apart with 



Indo-European 03 kln:1743 



Wi-itos: 



to go apart (wide) 



L 



Germanic 



WldaZ : wide 



English 



with 



English 



wide 



Wid 



Wi-itos 



Win 



Wiros 



Wlkwo 



Wlna 



Wlp 



see root: Weid 

see root: Wi 

see root: Woin 

see root: Wei 2 

see root: Wei 2 

see root: Wei 2 

see root: Wei 2 



524 



Woid Wosos 



Woid 



see root: Weid 



Indo-European 03 ahd:1547; roe:265 

Woin, \N\n.wine 

This is probably a Mediterranean word. 



Persian 03 FVF:695; AFM:159; BQT:2302; FSF:341 



VI n : black grape, color, vineyard (world ?) 



&3 



,\ji pjL; (>}» tfj tf\y, - jL> y>J> if, ^g-Uj /I 



w 



^ 



Latin 03ahd:1547 



Vinum:w/ne 

vTnum-acer: sharp (sour) wine, vinegar'^' Ak 



English 03 ahd 



wine, vinegar, vine 



Wokso 



Wolko 



Wopsa 



Worda 



Wordia 



Wordos 



Wos 



Wosos 



see root : Weg 1 

see root: Wei 2 

see root: Webh 

see root: Wer6 

see root: Wer6 

see root: Wer6 

see root : Wes 1 

see root : Wes 1 



525 



Wrdho Wrdho 



W 



Indo-European 03 kln:1357; syn:527 
WrdhO, \NrOd: thorn, flower 



~~\ 



Avestan / Old Iranian 03 kln:1357; bqt:1822 



wrda, varedha : rose 

SUXra-Vard: red rose, town near Tehran ^Keuk 1 



W 



Pahlavi 



varda, vard, vart 



Persian 03 MON:5000; AHD:1550; SYN:527 



Vard : rose 

SOrirvard : red rose, name of a town 



•>j3 



Khaqanf 



l5*0'3 3 Cyr^ A 1 *-****? -iS^j^Q^'^yfi)^ 



v. 



h 


Persian 03 BQT:2290; IRN:129 


' 




Val, Vel, VOl : flower, rose 


J^ ' ^3 ' ^3 




Valguneh : (red cheeks), facial powder 


OjiJlj, tiyi 3 




BabaTaher L$j-}-> ****! rt-J Jr— "* J Jj 


_ (.5 j_Jj> -0 J j ^j j^ >— £jj J**w» 




This pronunciation change took place in early Askanf era. 





w 



Persian 03 SKT:454; AHD:129,1550 



gol : flower ^ ( >j£ ) jj 

Hafez X*l) <yjij 6ij> <VJ LS j'ju Jjt>W $ - i «J <yj J jl A> JS 3 i_W fS ji 



ll 



(•Arabic 03 pla:8 



julab : rosewater 



English 03 ahd 



julep^Abi 



w 



Greek 

03 SYN:527; KLN:1357; 



rhodon : , 



Latin 



W 
^ 



Sogdian 03sod:411 
Wrd : rose 



French 



Persian 03 mon:1647 



JJ 



English 



52! 



Wreg 1 | W.s.m 



Indo-European 03pok:1181 
Wreg 1 : to push, drive 



~~\ 



W 



W 



Sanskrit 03pok:1181 



Vraj : to walk, go 



Persian 03 HRN:200; BQT:1781 



goraztdan : to walk proudly, stride &Mj\ $ 



Germanic 03 ahd 



Wrekjan : wreck 
WrakjO : exile 



French 03 kln:640,642 



garCOn : waiter 
garcette : waitress 



h 


Persian 03 mon:3164 
garson ^.jS 





^ 



English 



gasket 



W 
^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



Urgere : to urge 



English 



urge 



Wreg 2 



Wrei 



Wrg 



Wrod 



Wropal 



see root: Wer3 

see root: Wer2 

see root: Wer3 

see root: Wrdho 

see root: Wer2 



Arabic 03 kln:1000 



A 



W.S.ITl: 



V* 



Arabic 03 kln:1000 



Wasama : he marked 
mOUSim : marking 
of the year, season 



Persian UJ FVA:430; MON:5026 



Vasm : mark, brand 

Vasmeh : eyebrow makeup, the plant used in producing it 

Semat : marking, rank, position 

mOWSem : season 






J^'j-i C-J<p \A\y C-3 jJ> Jilftl) jmS 



W 



Portuguese 

03 KLN:1000; AHD:850 



moncao : season 



^ 



Dutch 

03 KLN:1000; AHD:850 



monSSOen : seasonal 
winds (obsolete) 



English 

03 KLN:1000; AHD:850; OXF:269 



monSOOn : the seasonal 
winds of the Indian ocean 



527 



Xac 1 Xak 



X 



Sanskrit 03 syn:620 



A 



XdC 1 : shine through 



v* 



^ 



Sanskrit 03 SYN:620; BQT:1556 


h 


Persian UJ MON:2834 BQT:1556,1568 
KaC : glass, pearl w- 

& 

kaCI : a thin glazed tile ( Ji\$ ) ^\S 




Kaca : glass, pearl 







Xac 2 



see root: Khac 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:60 

X3d : to beat, to wound 
X3S13 : beaten 



A 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 ISS:60; FFD:50 


► 


Pahlavi 03 ISS:60 


h 


Persian 03 ISS:60; BQT:747 
Xastan : to beat . JLJ> 
Xasteh : beaten, (/red CJ> 




Vi-Xada : beaten 

Xad 2, XaS : to tear, beat 


XVastan : to beat 
Xastak : beaten 











Pahlavi 03 bqt:701 



A 



Xak: 



dust, soil, earth 



V k 



Persian 03 mon:1390 



Xak : dust, earth, country 






w 



^ 



Hindustani 03 AHD:719; KLN:844 


► 


English 03 AHD:719; KLN:844 
khaki : dust-colored (clothes) 


xakT, khaki 



52S 



Xalen XsT 1 



Chinese 03 SIN:552 



~X 



XBlGII : birch tree, birch wood 
A common tree in north China and Tabarestan. 
The artifacts from this wood were exported to Iran. 



Wl 



Altaic 03 SIN:553 



^ 



Persian 03 SIN:553; BQT:719; FSF:158 



Xadang : hard wood, arrow made of this wood lSJJJ*- 

Ferdowst JvjJ* jj J iiy> (J6^J <U . O^J <U »iij-i S^S^ d^" 



Xartes 



Xasta 



see root: Cartes 
see root: Xad 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:35 



~X 



JvSad : to forgive 



^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:35 



apa-XSad-a : to forgive^ Apo 



w 



Pahlavi 03 ffd:35 



abaxsay, abaxsaytd 



^ 



Persian 03 ffd:35 



baXStdan : to forgive AXji3i> 

Due to the similarity in sounds / meanings of 
"baxsudan: to forgive" and "baxsfdan: to give", 
these words are often confused with each other. 



Xsaivan 



see root: XsT 1 



Old Iranian 03 bly:75 



~X 



Xsarta 



to press, squeeze 



W 



Pahlavi 03 BLY:75; PHD:5 



afsartan, assardan 



to squeeze 



^ 



Persian 03 bly:75 



afsardan : squeeze, crush 

fesaf : pressure 

afSOreh : juice (squeezed out of a fruit) 






Avestan / Old Persian ffl bqt:1329 



XSI 1 : grief, poverty 
XSaiVan : grief, crying 



w 
^ 



Pahlavi 



Sevan : crying 



Persian 03 bqt:1329 



SWan : crying 



oy?» 



525 



"Xsnk Xvaini 



Sogdian 03 S0D:28 
XS n K : nice 



W 



Sogdian 03 S0D:28 
gasnaka : nice 



^ 



~X 



Persian 03 S0D:28; mon 



qasang : beautiful SlJiS 

Bahar OJi^ ^U«*Si 3 ^^XoiOaJj 0' J*?. <^~m<& 



Avestan 03 SNS:59; HRN:110 



Xvaini: 



cover, carpet 



^►iPahlavi 03hrn:110; 



AEF:640 ► 



XVan : table cloth, food table 
Hubshman does not agree 
with this derivation 



^ 



Persian 03 bqt:783 



Xan : food table, table cloth ( Ajjjl J> ) ' \\ J> 



Sa'dt 






530 



Ya Yah 5 



Y 



^ 



Indo-European 03 pok:501 



A 



Ya, la 2 



to be aroused 



Avestan 
03 POK:501 



ya-tU : magic 

yasa : wish 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:553,2419 



Zatuk : magic 

yasak : wish 



h 


Persian LLI BQT:553,2419; HRN:92; HUB:107 


ARP:218 


' 




jadu :magic 


p\% 




yaseh : wish 


4*«U 




Compare with the root "Ei" from which the 






Sanskrit word "jadoo: sorcery" is derived. 





w 

^ 



Greek 03ahd 



ZeloS : zeal 



English 



zeal, jealous 







see root: 




Ya3 


1 


Yah 5 









w 



Indo-European 03 pok:501 



~X 



Yag, lag 



to worship 



Avestan 

03 POK:501; HRN:95,252; KLN:1759; ZAW:38 



yaZ : to worship 

yazatanam : God 
yesnya : worship 

mazda r yasna: God worshiper^ Men -\ 
yazatO-kerata : God's creation **Kwer 



Persian 03 BQT:752,2432; ETM:64 



lzad <■>>.« o'^. ) ^ 

yasna : worship ceremony ( w«*0 ya ) w*J 

» , ,f', ~r 



jasn : celebration 
Yazdgerd : "God's creation" 



zjijt 



v* 

^ 



Greek 03ahd 



hagnOS : sacred, holy 



English 



Agnus 



Avestan 03 POK:521, 61 8,699,708,800 



~x 



Y3h 5, Ycl O : comparative suffix 



W 



^ 



Avestan 03 POK:521,618,699,708,800; KLN:371,958; SYN:880 



maz-yah, mathi-yah: greater®" Mag 

mas-yah, mas-ya 2®"Mak 

f ra-yah : more plentiful^' Pal 1 
kas-yah : sma/fer®" Kak 3 
Sra-yah: defter®" Krei 



531 



Yarah Yavarena 



W 



Semitic / Hebrew 03 kln:828 



~X 



Yarah 



he threw, cast 



Hebrew 03 kln:828 



yarah, yeru : foundation, base, city 

yeru-sala'yim : c/fy of peace cr s.\. 



Persian 03 MON5:195; IRN:28 



UrsalTm : "city of peace", Jerusalem 

U rm Tyeh : "city of water", a city north of Iran 






W 
^ 



Arabic 03 arb:32 



al-avara : place, location 



English 03 kln:828 



Jerusalem 



Hebrew 03 BQT:2434; KLN:826 



~x 



Yasfa, Yasfeh: 



an opaque variety of quartz 






Arabic 03 bqt:2434 



yasb : a kind of quartz 



h 


Persian ffl bqt:2434 


' 




yasm : a grayish green quartz ( _&i^j 4 i_-J*> ) ,*J+i 



Greek 
03 KLN:826 



laspis 



Latin 

03 KLN:826 



laspis 



Old French 

03 KLN:826 



jaspe, jaspre 



Middle English 

03 KLN:826 



laspre, jaspre 



English 03 kln:826 



jasper 2 : a kind 
of quartz 



Yasfeh 



see root: Yasfa 



Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:91 



YaU : move, movement 
oyUna : gait (of a lion or horse) 






Old Persian 03 ISS:91; knt:204 



yaUViya : channel (to move water) 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:602 



yOl, JOI -.stream 



Avestan 03 ISS:91 



yaona : movement 



Sogdian 03 SOD:450 



ywn : place 



Persian 03 ISS:91; BQT:602 



JU : stream 

jiiy-bar: 



river bank Per 2 



_«i> Is) ^Uy lS fi iSj-i 



Avestan 03 hrn:252 



~X 



Yavarena 



a stone or tool for beating and crushing grains 



v» 



^ 



Persian ffl bqt:2422 



yavai": stone or other objects used for crushing grains *a\y 

(jyJb 2 J> y **&? y^y UaS - jyj CU>w y j y j** y jJS 



Nazarf Qahestanf 



532 



Yb Yelek 



Egyptian 03 KLN:507,821; AHD:423 



"~X 



YD, AbU : elephant, ivory 
ElU, EIU-ephaS:e/ep/7anf 

These words had appeared in the Hamitic {old Egyptian) language 






Old Persian 03 knt:197; pla:214 



piru : ivory 



Aramaic 03 mon:953 



p-ila, piila, pila : efephanf 



Hebrew 03 kln:507 



el-eph : ox, elephant 
p-l I : elephant 
yebh : elephant 



Persian 03 PLA:214; BQT:446; MON:953; KLN:507 



pTI : elephant 

pil-aS : "elephant's bone", Ivory ^^Ost 



"r 



**J ji CO a— w I i^yW ^5 - oLj j] 






Greek 03 AHD:423. SYN:189 



el : Indian elephant 
elephas : elephant 
WEB & FSD suggest that these 
words may have been taken 
through Hebrew "eleph: ox" 



Latin 03 KNT:507; AHD:423 



elephantUS : elephant 



W 



Latin 03 kln:507 



elepantum : ivory (principal) letters 

e\ementum -. principal 



w 



^ 



Latin 03 AHD:697; KLN:821 



ebUT: ivory 

eboreUS : made of ivory 



Old French 03 kln:821 



English 03 ahd; kln 



elephant 



English 

03 AHD; KLN:507 



element 



English 03 kln:821 



ivory 



Ye 



see root: Ei 



^ 



Indo-European 03 POK:504 



Yekwer: 



Avestan 03 pok:504 



yakara : nver 



W 



Pahlavi 03 SNS:317 



jakar, jagar : nver 



W 

L 
^ 



Greek 03 ahd 



heepar : nver 



Latin 03 ahd 



jecur -.liver 



Persian UJ BQT:579; POK:504 



jegar : uver S^> 

jegar-band : a dear person, child JJo \^ 

Ferdowst ^y, JJj jx? |j ^j, C*~0 _ 'y Jj)j3 aujl j*J JjL) 



w 



Latin 03 ahd 



gigena : bird's stomach 



English 



gizzard 



English 



heparin, hepatic 



English 03 kln:827 



jecoral 



Yelek 



see root. 



Ijlak 



533 



w 



Yem | Yes 

Indo-European 03 pok:505 



~X 



YeiTl : restrain, hold together (pair) 



Avestan 03 KLN:1763; BRT:1301; IRN:5 



yemo, yema, yima : twin, also a king. 

y ima-XSaetem : brilliant king, title of king Jamshid. *" Ksei 2 
King Jamshfd had a twin sister who was nicknamed "Yima:twin". 



W 



Pahlavi 03 bqt:587 



yam : king 
yam-sTt : shining king 



Persian ffl BQT:587; MON5:433; TZF:28 


jam : king 

JamSICl : "brilliant king", a male name 


P 










Avestan 03 pok:505 



yata, yata, ya 2 : hold, 

keep, remember 



Pahlavi 03 hrn:250 



yat, ayat 



Persian 03 BQT:2412; SNS:85; TZF:22 



yad : memory }{} 

ddSyad : backbite^ Dus iL&i 



Latin 03 AHD; POK:505 



geminUS : twin (stars) 



English 



Gemini 



Yero 



see root: Ei 



W I Avestan 03 POK:506; KLN:1761 !► 



w 



Indo-European 03 pok:506 
YeS : to boil 



yah 3 : to bou 
yaesyaiti : boils 



Greek 03 KLN:1761; POK:506 



zein, zee\r\ -.to bou 

ek-Zema : boiling out (pimples), 
a skin disease 



W 



Swedish B3ahd:1488 



Zeollt : boiling stone, 
an aluminum silicate mineral 



^ 



W 
^ 



Germanic 03 ahd 
jest : yeast 



French 



French 03vop:197 



zeolite 



*■ I Persian 03 BQT:571 



jastan : to jump up '£»£ 

\an\dan : to jump up \ i . g -» 



Persian 03 mon:331 



ekzema : 



ty 



Persian 03vop:197 



Zeolyt : a mineral C-wJ a^ ) 



English 03 ahd 
zeolite 



English 
yeast 



534 



Yeu 1 Yeu 2 






Indo-European 03 pok:509 

Yeu 1, Yeug:to J0 /n 



~X 



Avestan 03 BQT:577,1228,2458; POK:509 



yaoj, yuj :/ harnessed 
y UXta : harnessed, joined 



Greek 03 POK:509; AHD; VDQ:346 



ZUgon, ZygOS, SextariOLIS : yoke, arm of a pair of balances, scale 



Persian 



yug : yoke a^, 

JOTt : pair (union) C-Ji?- 



W 



W 



Arabic B3vdq:239 



ZaWJ : yoke, pair, couple, spouse 
This apparently reached Arabic 
through another language. 



Persian ffl fva:180 



ZOWJ : pair, even, spouse, couple m e \ 



Arabic 03vdQ:346 



qest : balance, 
scale, justice 






Persian 03 mon:2674 


qest '.justice, loan payment 


( isLSI ) k«S 


qestas : balance, scale 


^Ua»*5 


Khaqant BjJ (JUa^i }ji J&^i jp- <0 


- ^W 1 y) /W^WkJ »Av> ...g* 



Germanic 03 ahd 



yukam 



English 



yoke 



Sanskrit 03 ahd 



yuga : yoke 
yoga : union 



English 



yoga 



^ 



Latin 03 ahd 



jungere: to jo/n 

jugum: yoke 
yugista : nearby 



English 



join 

conjugate 

adjust 



Indo-European 03 pok:510 



~X 



Yeu 2, Yuwn, Yuwnkos, leu -.young 

Compare with root "Aiw: vitality" 






Avestan 03 POK:510; KLN:1764; hrn 



yuvan, yvan: young 



Sanskrit 03 kln:1764 



yavan : young 
yuvasah : youth 



Persian 03 bqt 



javan : young \\ tp- 

Shahrtyar |j _j|y» >}J S j |j J\S Jjj -JU»AJ 



Germanic 03 ahd; kln 



juncaz, jungaz 



English 



young, youth, youngster 



Latin 03 ahd; kln 



jUVeniS: young 
jUVenCUS : young man 
jUVenca : young woman 



English 



junior, juvenile 



535 



Yeu 3 Yewo 



Indo-European 03 pok:507 
YeU 3 : to mix, blend 



~~\ 






Sanskrit 03 pok:507 



yUS : juice, broth 
made by boiling in water 



h 


Persian ffl BQT:600; MON:1254 


' 




jusidan : to boa ( JJ>f? , J*f? ) (j&~kf» 



Avestan 03sod:117 



yaes : to boa 



Sogdian Q3sod:117 



byes : to boil 



Greek 03ahd 



ZUme : leaven 
en-ZUme : leavened 



French 



ensyme : enzyme 



h 


Persian ffl amd:57 
anZI m : enzyme ^ 'A \ 





^ 



English 



enzyme 



W 

L 



Latin 03ahd 



JUS : juice 



English 



juice 



Indo-European 03 kln:833; pok:512 



yeU-dh : shaken, active, fight 
yeiAQ : ready to fight 



W 



Avestan 

03 KLN:833; POK:512; IEC:446 



yaod, yaosti ■. active, 

searching 
yaOZ, yaozaiti : search, 
fight 



Pahlavi 

03 BQT:571 



joysn -.search 



Persian 03 BQT:571; FFD:47 



jOStan : search ( ^Ajjyj- ) ■JLjf 



W 



^ 



Sogdian 03 S0D:15 



a-ywdy : to struggle, try 



Persian 03 BQT:2457; MON:5272 



yUZ : hunting dog, fighting 
yUZpalang:a small fast leopard'-^' Pard 



OJJj 



jy. 



S 



w* 



jy.< 8 jy. 

yLJZldan : to be active, to search \Xi V-j 



yeu-dh 



Yeug 



yeug 



Yewo 



see root: Yeu 3 

see root : Yeu 1 

see root: Yeu 3 

see root: leuo 



53* 



Y.m.n Y.m.n 



W 



Semitic 03 kln:164 



~X 



Y . fTI . n : south, right hand (prosperous) side, prosperity 



Arabic ffl kln:164 



yam in : right hand, south side, 

fortunate and happy 
Yemen : the southern country 
maymun : blessed, fortunate, monkey 
Arabs used "maymun" euphemistically 
to denote the monkey whose sight is 
supposed to bring misfortune. 



W 



Persian 


03 FVA:453 








yomn : good fortune 


< 


,'jiO-O i 'ta-WJ-^ 


> &1 


Yaman 


Yemen 






iM 


meymun, maymun 


monkey, blessed 


Oy^ 




(V^3 J l)w^jI 


ft&*^t_s} 


jl Xuj 


Hafez 


J>o*— w 


jJU, 


3 ^3-w 1 j&< ^ 


Cn"J 



Turkish 03 PRT:413; KLN:164,997 



maymun : monkey 



w 



Italian 03 KLN:997; PRT:413 



monna : monkey 
Several references, including AHD, 
derive "mona" from "Moneke", name of 
a monkey in a famous story in Europe. 



Middle German 

03 KLN:997 



meneke: 



English 

03 KLN:997; PRT:413 



monkey, mona 



V* 



English 03 kln:1762 
Yemen 



W 



Hebrew 03 kln:164 



yamm: right hand 

Ben-yamin : son of 

the right (fortunate) 
s«s t **B.n.v 



Persian 03 MON5 



BenyamTn : Benjamin 



/j-^UX) 



Hadrqat-ol-Haqrqat 



^ 



^ 



English 03 kln:164 
Benjamin 



537 



Yos Yuwnkos 



W 



Indo-European 03 pok:513 
YOS : to gird, belt 



^\ 



Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:513; kln:1770; syn:434 



yah 4 : to put belt on 
yahma : cover, clothes 

yasta, yanhaeiti : belted 



W 



Pahlavi 

03 HUB:49; HRN:93 



yamak : clothes 



W 



Greek 03ahd 



Zone : girdle 
ZOnarion : a girdle 

worn by non-Moslems 

to be identified 



^ 



^ 



Persian 03 bqt:556, 660 



jameh : clothes tji\^ 

pa-jameh : pants, pajamas ** Pad <t«Ul> 

jameh-dan : su/fcase^Dhs 2 ^b tjh? 



W 



Hindustani 03 hjb:748 



pae-jama 



W 



English 03 ahd; kln 
pajamas 



Wl 



French 03 etm:63 



Persian 03 mon:868,902 



pijameh <u^ . 



V 



Russian 03 etm:64 



camadan : 



Persian 03 etm:64 



camedan : 



y<k^> 



Persian 03 bqt:1033; mon 



ZOnnar : belt worn by non-Moslems 



J U J 



ijljji <0 lijj /> |JW _p y lijj jj . lijbj <0 4 j? -U> Ojl jl) j*. j> lil 



English 



Indo-European 03 pok:513 
YU, lU, UeS: you 






Avestan 03 pok:513 



yds, yusmat: you 



h 


h 


Persian LLI HRN:176; BQT:1291 
Soma : you {&& 







Germanic 03 ahd 



JUZ: you 



English 



you, your 



Yuwn 



Yuwnkos 



see root: Yeu 2 
see root: Yeu 2 



53£ 



Zarafah | Zay 



z 



Arabic 03 KLN:657; AHD:558 



A 



Zarafah : giraffe 
This word is of an African root. 



Persian 03 bqt:1009 



zarrafeh : giraffe ( 31 jj ) <si' 



JJ > W JJ 



w 

^ 



Italian 03 KLN:657; AHD:558 



giraffa 

Note the "z" to "j, g" sound change in Italian. 



French 

03 KLN:657 



girafe 



English 03 KLN:657; AHD:558 



giraffe 



Avestan 03 ahm:220 



Zausa 



raising a noise, being violent or bad tempered 



v» 



^ 



Persian 03 AHM:220; BQT:1044; MON:1762 



ZOS : talk loudly, be violent, a bad tempered person 
Rudakt Jljj ^JxOljj j>Jjlj> jijj - ,V-~ 



"~X 






Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:16 



Zay, Zi : to adorn 
AySail : to decorate 



h 


h 


Persian 03 ISS:16 
ZI D : beauty 








< Wj ) v>0 






zTbTdan : to befit, deserve 


( «ii*y ) O-^ftfj 






ZI Vaf : ornament 


J#j 



^►iPahlavi ffl ISS:16 



depak : a beautiful cloth, brocade 
BQT:908 indicates that it may have 
come from Sanskrit "dfp:to shine". 



W 

^ 



Sogdian 03 iss:16 



ZyWf : ornament 



h 


Persian UJ bqt:908 


' 




dTba : a colorful cloth Lo 




r Lo i *UO 




Ferdowsf 




See root "Dei" for another possible derivation. 



535 



Z.b.d Zi 



Arabic 03 fva:176 



~X 



Z.b.d 



to extract butter from milk (or foam from liquid) 



^ I Arabic ffl f 



ZObd : butter or milk fat, best of anything 
ZObdeh : best of anything, skilled, talented 
Zabad : foam or froth on liquid 



Persian ffl mon:1722 



ZObdeh : milk fat, best of anything, talented jj^j \ 

Zabad : foam or froth on top of liquid jj j 



W 



Arabic ffl kln:293 



Zabad : musk cat and its foam like musk 



I 



^ 



Italian 03 kln:293 



Zibetto : musk cat 
and its musk 



French 03 kln:293 



civette 



Persian 03 mon:1718 


Zabad : musk cat and its musk 2>\i) 








English 03 KLN:293; TYL:568 




Civet, Zibet : musk cat and its musk 



Zgwes 



see root: Gwes 



Semitic 03 kln:816 



~X 



Z.h.k: 



he laughed 



W 



W 



Arabic 03 kln:816 



Z.h.k, ZaU\Wa: he laughed 
mOZhek : laughable, funny 



Persian 03 fva:239 



mOZhek : funny 



0*?UAA 



Hebrew 03 kln:816 



tzahaq : he laughed 

Yitzhaq, Yisaq:/?e 

laughts 



► Arabic 



Persian 03 akm:31 



Es-haq : "he laughs", a biblical name ( ap^l ) ijlpwil 



MolavT 



y jA*J» ^1 )' i^A^i 5y& (3bs— ^1 y% U 



W 



^ 



Greek 03 kln:816 



Isaak 



Late Latin 03 kln:816 



Isaacus 



English 03 kln:816 



Isaac 



Zi 



see root: Zay 



540 



Z.k.r | Z.n.y 



W 



Semitic 03 kln:1766 



~X 



Z.k.r: 



to remember, mention 



Arabic ffl kln:1766 



Z.KT : to remember, mention 



Persian ffl fva:150 



Zekf : mention, remembrance (of God) 






w 



Hebrew ffl kln:1766 



Zakar : he remembered 

zekhar-yah : God /?as 

(is) remembered 



Arabic B3vdq:233 



ZakarTa 

It is not quite clear through 
what language this word 
has reached Arabic. 



Persian 



Zakarfya : -God it 

remembered" 



^Jj 



^ 



Greek 03 kln:1766 



zakaris 



Latin 03 kln 



zacharias 



English 03 ahd 



Zachary, Zacharias, Zachariah 



Arabic 03 fva:180 



~X 



Z.n.y.he 



commits adultery 



W 



Arabic 03 lkt:44 



Zina : adultery 

abu-zTna : father of whoredom 
(referring to gibbons)^^ Ab 2 



V 



Persian ffl MON:602; FVA:180 



Zena : adultery gti) t \$\ 



Molavf 



•>3* *m I; ^ f •>) (/ <y j' -4^ 



Persian 03 MON:602; FVA:180 



buzTneh : gibbon ( ij) ^> ) <Uoj j> 

Molavt ( i IS ^jl _)!}-?■ J—* ^L!»Jjj_J Ji jl _ iJi ^l iij— > 4_i_jj«_) Ji ^«_ > 



I, 



( -Hindustani 03 prt:253 



bojTna : g/M>o, 



French 03 kln:655 



This monkey was brought to France 
from India in the early 18th century. 



English 03 kln:655 
gibbon 



W 



^ 



Turkish 03 syn:18 



ebuzine : gibbo 



541 



2uU o 



♦♦♦ 



•J* 



,jla o^'jh 



( [&> 4<2.Jj ^>ftJ^ ^3^ v*ft'*j , * , J ' 



ROOX 



1 




542 



WORD INDEX 

for Various L anguages 



543 



544 



WORD INDEX 

FOR VARIOUS LANGUAGES 



LANGUAGE 


PAGE 

547 


LANGUAGE 


PAGE 


ROOTS 


ITALIAN 


677 


AKKADIAN 


563 


LATIN 


678 


ARABIC 


564 


- Latin (Late) 


687 


ARAMAIC 


570 


- Latin (Middle) 


687 


ARMENIAN 


571 


MALAYSIAN 


688 


AVE STAN 


572 


MEDIT 


689 


CARIBIAN 


596 


MONGOLIAN 


690 


CELTIC 


597 


NORSE (Old) 


691 


CHINESE 


598 


PAHLAVI . 


692 


DUTCH 


599 


PALI 


700 


EGYPTIAN 


600 


PARTHIAN 


701 


ENGLISH 


601 


PERSIAN 




- English (Middle) 


632 


- (in Persian Alphabet) ^jls 


825 


- English (Old) 


633 


- (in English Alphabet) 


702 


ETHIOPIAN 


634 


- Persian (Middle) 




FRENCH 


635 


{ See Pahlavi & Sogdian } 




- French (Old) 


639 


- Persian (Old) 


730 


GERMAN 


640 


PORTUGUESE 


739 


-German (Middle High) 


641 


RUSSIAN 


740 


-German (Old High) 


642 


- Russian (Old) 


740 


GERMANIC 


643 


SANSKRIT 


741 


GREEK 


648 


SEMITIC 


745 


- Greek (Middle) 


655 


SLAVIC (Old) 


746 


HEBREW 


656 


SOGDIAN 


747 


HINDUSTANI 


658 


SPANISH 


750 


INDO-EUROPEAN 


659 


SUMERIAN 


751 


INDO-SCYTHIAN 


673 


SWEDISH 


752 


IRANIAN 


674 


SYRIAC 


753 


- Iranian (Old) 


675 


TAMIL 


754 


IRISH 


676 


TURKISH 


755 


-Irish (Old) 


676 


WELSH 


756 



545 



546 



ROOTS 

A - A 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


ROOTS 


Aleio 


Al 4/18 


Apu 


Apo/ 29 






Alek 


19 




Apo/ 30 


A 




Aleuos 


Al 4/18 


Aq 


Ak/12 




Algwh 


20 




Ak/13 


Ab1 


1 


A.l.h 


Layh/2 73 


A\q.b 


30 




2 




Layh/2 74 


A.q.r 


31 


Ab2 


3 


Alu 


20 


Ar 


31 


Aba 


4 


Amalaka 


20 




32 


A\b.r 


4 


Ambhi 


21 


Araq 


A.r.q/ 34 


Abu 


Yb/533 


Ambho 


Ambhi/ 21 


Ardha 


33 


Adhamah 


5 


AmTr 


A' .m.r/23 


Are 


Ar/31 


Ag 


5 


Amlak 


Amalaka/20 




Ar/32 


Agaru 


6 


A\m.m 


22 


A\r.f 


33 


Agaruh 


6 


A.m.n 


22 


Arg 


34 


Agh 


7 


Amon 


23 


Arkhein 


Arxein/35 


Aghlo 


Agh/ 7 


A'.m.r 


23 


A.r.q 


34 


Agros 


Ag/5 


An 1 


24 


Arxein 


35 


A-gur-ru 


Agurru/ 7 


An 2 


24 


As 


35 


Agurru 


7 


An 3 


25 


A-sema 


Sema/413 


Ahu 


8 


An 4 


Ne 1/321 


Asfar 


S.f.r/419 


Ai 


8 




Ne 1/322 


A\s.r 


36 


Aidh 


9 


A.n.b 


25 


Asu 


36 


Aien 


Ayer/44 


anbar 


A.n.b/ 2 5 


Ater 


37 


Aier 


Ayer/44 


Andho 


25 


Athal 


Atos/38 


Aig- 


9 


Ang 


26 


Ato 


Atos/38 


Aik 


10 


Angh 


27 


Atos 


38 


Aios 


10 


Angwhi 


27 


Atr 


Ater/ 37 


Aiw 


11 


Ank 


Ang/ 2 6 


Atta 


Atos/38 


Ak 


12 


Ano 


An 3/25 


Au 1 


Ous 1/346 




13 


Anor 


Nor/ 34 




Ous 1/347 


Aken 


Ak/12 


Anq 


Ang/ 2 6 


Au2 


39 




Ak/13 


Ansu 


An 1/24 


Aue 1 


We 1/496 


Akos 


13 


Ap1 


Ab 1/1 


Aue2 


Wed/ 4 97 


Akos 


Akos/ 13 




Ab 1/2 




Wed/ 4 98 


Akru 


14 


Ap2 


28 


Aueg 


40 


Akwa 


14 


Apa 


Apo/ 2 9 


Aug 


Aueg/ 4 


AI 1 


15 




Apo/ 30 


Aus 1 


Ous 1/346 


AI2 


16 


Apank 


28 




Ous 1/347 


AI3 


17 


Apo 


29 


Aus2 


41 


AI4 


18 




30 


Aus 3 


Ous 2/348 



547 



ROOTS 

A - C 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 




Page 


ROOT 


Page 


Ausus 


Aus 2/41 


Bhel 




54 


Bhru 1 


67 


Autos 


42 






55 


Bhru2 


Bher 5/61 


Aw 


43 


Bhelgh 


Bh 


sl/54 


Bhu 


Beu 1/48 


'Awar 


43 




Bh 


sl/55 


Bhudh 


Bhun/ 68 


Awei 


Aw/43 


Bhen 




56 


Bhugo 


68 


Awes 


Aus 2/41 


Bhendh 




57 


Bhun 


68 


Awi 


Aw/43 


Bhengh 




58 


Bistak 


69 


Ayer 


44 


Bher 1 




58 


B.k.r 


69 


Ayos 


Aios/10 






59 


B.n.v 


70 


Aysan 


Zay/539 


Bher2 




59 


Boqca 


70 






Bher 3 




60 


B.r.k 


71 




B 


Bher 4 




60 


B.r.q 


71 




Bher 5 




61 


Bu 


72 


Baba 


45 


Bhereg 




61 


Bunai 


72 


Balbarah 


Baba/45 


Bhereu 


Bher 


5/61 


Buqca 


Boqca/70 


Balut 


46 


Bhergh 




62 


Busma 


72 


Bamb 


46 






63 


B.w.s 


B.y.z/73 


Bambak 


Pambak/351 


Bheru 


Bher 


5/61 


B.y.t 


73 


Bambo 


Bamb/ 4 6 


Bheu 


Bh 


5u/67 


Byurru 


73 


Barbarah 


Baba/45 


Bheu 1 


Beu 


1/48 


B.y.z 


73 


Bata 


46 


Bheu 2 


Beu 


2/48 






Batiaxe 


47 


Bheu 3 




64 




c 


Bazda 


47 


Bheudh 




65 




Belur 


Velur/494 


Bheug 




65 


C'a 


74 


Berenza 


47 


Bheugh 


Bheug/ 65 


Cairya 


Cirya/76 


Besma 


Busma/72 


Bhili 




66 


Car 


74 


Beu 1 


48 


Bhilo 


Bhi 


li/66 


Cartes 


74 


Beu2 


48 


Bhlei 


Bh 


31/54 


Carya 


Cirya/76 


Bha 


Bhe/53 




Bh 


31/55 


Cexara 


Cixa/76 


Bha 


Bhe/53 


Bhleu 


Bh 


31/55 


Char 


Car/74 


Bha 1 


49 


Bhleu 


Bh 


31/54 


Chiang-yu 


75 


Bha 2 


50 


Bho 


Bhe/53 


Chou-shu 


75 


Bhad 


50 


Bhoi 




67 


CTrag 


75 


Bhag 


51 


Bhombhos 


Bamb/ 4 6 


Cirya 


76 




52 


Bhou 




67 


Cirya 


Cirya/76 


Bhaghu 


52 


Bhra-tar 


Bher 


1/58 


Ctxa 


76 


Bhe 


53 




Bher 


1/59 


Cixa 


Cixa/76 


Bhe 


53 


Bhreg 


Bhereg/ 61 


Cop 


77 


Bhegh 


Bhe/53 


Bhrei 


Bher 


3/60 


Cop-gan 


Cop/ 7 7 


Bhegh-iks 


Bhe/53 


Bhreu 


Bher 


5/61 


Crgala 


Srgala/443 



54S 



ROOTS 

D - E 



ROOT 



Page 



D 



Da 1 


78 


Da 2 


79 


Dabhar 


D.b.r/80 


Dai 


Da 1/78 


Dakru 


Akru/14 


Danu 


Da 2/79 


Daqal 


79 


Dayanu 


Dinu/108 


D.b.r 


80 


Del 


80 


De2 


80 


Dei 


81 


Deik 


82 


Deiw 


Dei/81 


Dek 


83 


Dekm 


84 




85 


Del 


86 


Dem 


86 


Dema 


87 


Denk 


87 


Denu 


Dinu/108 


Deph 


88 


Der 1 


89 


Der2 


90 


Derk 


90 


Dero 


Der 1/89 


Deru 1 


91 


Deru2 


Der 2 /90 


Deu 1 


92 


Deu2 


92 


Deuk 


92 


Dhars 


93 


Dhe1 


93 


Dhe2 


94 




95 


Dhedh 2 


95 


Dhegh 


Dhogh/104 


Dhehem 


Ghdhem/150 



ROOT 

Dheigh 

Dhem 

Dhe-mna 

Dhen 

Dher 1 

Dher2 

Dherabh 

Dhers 

Dheu 1 

Dheu2 

Dheu 3 

Dheugh 

Dheye 

Dhigha 

DhTs 

Dhogh 

Dhont 

Dhrabh 

Dhragh 1 

Dhragh 2 



Dhe 1 



Page 

96 

97 

/93 

97 



99 
Dher 2/99 
Dhars/93 
99 
100 
101 
101 
102 
Dheigh/ 96 
103 
104 
Dhen/ 97 
Dher 2/99 
105 
Dher 2/99 
Dhreg Dhragh 1/105 



Dhreugh 

Dhrugh 

Dhu 

Dhu-bh 

Dhugh 



Dhus 

Dhwer 

Dhwor 

Di 

Dibber 

Dinghw 

DTnu 

Dlgho 

D.I.I 

Dnghu 

Do1 

Do 2 



105 

Dhwer/ 10 6 

Dheu 2/100 

Dheu 2/100 

Dheugh/ 101 

Dhumbhma 

Dumb/ 112 
106 
106 
Dhwer/ 10 6 
Da 1/78 
D.b.r/80 
107 
108 
Del/86 
108 
Dinghw/ 107 
De 2/80 
109 



ROOT 

Dolmak 

Domu 

Dous 

Drassoman 

Dregh 

Drtis 

Drtos 

Dub 

Dumb 

Dup 

Dus 

Dvei 

D.v.r 

Dwei 

Dwo 

Dye 

Dyeu 

E 



Ebhi 
Ed 

Eg 

Ei 

Eik 

Eis 1 

Eis2 

Ekwos 

El 2 

El 3 

Elei 

Elk 

Eln 

Elu 

Elu-ephas 

Embhi 

Emos 



Der 
Der 



Page 

109 

Dem/ 8 6 

110 

110 

110 

1/89 

1/89 

111 

112 

Dub/ 111 

113 

Dwei/ 114 

114 

114 

115 

Dei/81 

Dei/81 



I 2/194 

I 2/195 

Ambhi/21 

117 

118 

118 

119 

Aik/10 

119 

120 

121 

122 

122 

El 3 /122 

El 2/122 

El 2/122 

Yb/533 

Yb/533 

123 

123 



545 



ROOTS 

E - G 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


En 


124 


Fra-sanga 


134 


Geu 3 


148 


Enek 


Neku/328 


F.r.q 


135 


Geua 


Geu 2/147 


Enk 


Neku/328 


Fsan 


135 


Geus 


148 


Eno 


An 2/24 






Ghaido 


148 


Enomn 


Nomn/34 


G 




Ghaise 


Ghei 2/154 


Ens 


125 




Ghait 


149 


Epi 


125 


Gabbah 


136 


Ghaita 


Ghait/ 149 


Er1 


126 


Gag Kak 4/205 


Ghans 


149 




127 


Gal 


136 


Ghau 


Ghu 1/165 


Er2 


Ere 1/127 


Galagh 


Gal/ 13 6 


Ghazal 


G.z. 1/188 


Erdh 


Ered/128 


Galgh 


Gal/ 13 6 


Ghdes 


Ghdies/151 


Ere1 


127 


Gan 


137 


Ghdhem 


150 


Ere 2 


Eres 1/130 


Gang 


137 


Ghdies 


151 


Erebu 


128 


Gantuma 


137 


Ghei 


151 


Ered 


128 


Garenu 


137 


Ghe2 


Ki 2/237 


Erek 


129 


Gassu 


138 


Ghebh-el 


152 


Eres 1 


130 


6aulos 


138 


Ghei 


152 


Eres2 


131 


Ge 


Gei/138 


Ghei 1 


153 


Ers 


Eres 1/130 


Gebh 


Geph/ 142 


Ghei 2 


154 


Ersen 


Eres 1/130 


Gei 


138 


Ghei 3 


Ghe 1/151 


Es 1 


Aidh/9 


Gel 


139 


Gheis 


155 


Es2 


131 


Geleb 


Gel/139 


Gheizd 


Gheis/155 


Es-ti 


Es 2/131 


Geli 


Gel/139 


Ghei 


155 


Esu 


Su 1/454 


Gelu 


Gel/139 




156 




Su 1/455 


Gelu 


Gel/139 


Gheled 


156 




Su 1/456 


Gem 


Geme/ 140 


Ghen 


157 


Eter 


132 


Geme 


140 


Ghengh 


157 


Eti 


132 


Gen 


Gno/168 


Gherl 


158 


Eu 1 


132 


Gene 1 


141 


Gher3 


159 


Eueguh 


Wegwh/502 


Gene 2 


Gno/168 


Gher4 


159 


Eu-es 


Wes 3/521 


Genu 1 


142 


Gherd 


Gher 1/158 


Ewan 


Eu 1/132 


Genu 2 


142 


Ghers 


160 


Ewegwh 


Wegwh/502 


Geph 


142 


Gherto 


160 


Ew-es 


Wes 3/521 


Ger1 


143 


Ghes 


Ghdies/151 


Ey 


Ei/118 


Ger2 


144 


Gheslo 


161 




Ei/119 


Ger3 


145 


Ghesto 


161 






Ger4 


145 


Gheu 1 


162 






Geu 1 


146 


Gheu2 


Ghu 1/165 




F 




147 


Gheue 


Ghu 1/165 


Frankon 


134 


Geu2 


147 


Gheugh 


163 



550 



ROOTS 

G - I 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 




Page 


ROOT 


Page 


Ghi 


Ghei 1/153 


Gurdos 




170 




184 


GhT 


Ghei/ 152 






170 


Gwhen 2 


185 


Ghia 


Ghei/ 152 


Gurdus 


Gurdos/ 170 


Gwher 


186 


Ghiem 


Ghei 1/153 




Gurdos/ 170 


Gwhi 


186 


Ghies 


Ghdies/151 


Guro 


Ger 


4/145 


Gwou 


187 


Ghi-ghe-me 


Gurr 


Ger 


4/145 


Gwuna 


Gwen 1/178 




Ghe 1/151 


Guysna 




171 


Gyeu 


Geu 3/148 


Ghlad 


163 


G.v.l 




171 


Gyuna 


Yau/532 


Ghordho 


Gher 1/158 


Gwa 




172 


G.z.l 


188 


Ghosto 


Ghesto/161 






173 


Gzn 


188 


Ghou-ro-s 


> 164 


Gwa 


Gwa /I 72 






Ghrebh 


164 




Gwa/1 73 




H 


Ghrei 


Gher 3/159 


Gwadh 




173 




Ghrem 


164 


Gwag 


Wag 


2/495 


Habl 


189 


Ghreu 


Gher 3/159 


Gwak 


Wag 


2/495 


Haem 


189 


Gh.r.f 


165 


Gwebh 1 




174 


Havana 


189 


Ghu 1 


165 


Gwebh 2 




174 


Haya 


Haem/ 189 


Ghu2 


Dinghw/107 


Gwedh 




174 


Hebhel 


190 


Ghua 


Dinghw/107 


Gweguos 


Wag 


2/495 


Hebni 


190 


Ghuel 


166 


Gwei 




175 


H.j.r 


190 


Ghugh 


Gheugh/1 63 


Gweie 




176 


H.n.n 


191 


Ghuk 


166 


Gwel 1 




176 


H.r.m 


192 


Ghukos 


Ghuk/ 166 


Gwel2 




177 


H.s.n 


192 


GT 


Gei/138 


Gwelbh 




177 


H.s.s 


193 


Gieu 


Geu 3/148 


Gwen 1 




178 


Hyakinthos 193 


Glei 


167 


Gwen 2 


Gwa/1 72 


H.y.y 


193 


Glue 


Gel/139 




Gwa/1 73 






Gno 


168 


Gwena 


Gwen 


1/178 




I 


Gogel 


168 


Gwer 1 




178 




Gogelos 


Gogel/ 168 


Gwer2 




179 


1 1 


Ei/118 


Gotra 


169 


Gwer 3 




180 




Ei/119 


Gras 


169 


Gwer 4 




181 


12 


194 


Gredh 


169 


Gwere 1 


Gwer 


2/179 




195 


Greios 


Glei/167 


Gwere 2 


Gwer 


3/180 


la 1 


Ei/118 


Greno 


Ger 2/144 


Gwes 




181 




Ei/119 


Gu 


Geu 1/146 


Gweye 


Gweie/ 17 6 


la 2 


Ya/531 




Geu 1/147 


Gwhder 




181 


lag 


Yag/531 


Guha 


Gwhi/186 


Gwhedh 




182 


latis 


Iatos/196 


Guhei 


Gwhi/186 


Gwhen 1 




182 


I atom 


Iatos/196 


Gurb 


170 






183 


latos 


196 



551 



ROOTS 

I - K 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 




Page 


ROOT 


Page 


leu 


Yeu 2/535 


Kak4 




205 


Kaz 


Kaz/ 216 


leuo 


196 


Kakha 


Kak 


2/205 


Kaz 


216 


Ijlak 


196 


KakTna 


Kakis/ 20 6 


Ke2 


Ki 2/237 


lo 


I 2/194 


Kakis 




206 


Keanos 


216 




I 2/195 


Kakus 


Kakis/ 20 6 


Keg 


217 


Isto 


197 


Kal 


Kur/257 


Kei 1 


217 


lu 


Yu/538 


Kalwo 


Kelewo/223 


Kei2 


218 






Kam 1 




206 


Kei 4 


219 




J 


Kam2 




207 


Kek 


Keg/ 21 7 




Kamer 


Kam 


2/207 


Keku 


219 


Jabra 


J.b.r/200 


Kamma 




208 


Kei 1 


220 


Jamal 


198 


Kamp 


Kam 


2/207 


Kei 2 


220 


Jangalah 


198 


Kand 1 




209 


Kei 3 


221 


J.b.b 


198 


Kand2 


Skand/422 


Kei 4 


222 


J.b.l 


199 


Kank 


Kak 


2/205 


Kei 5 


222 


J.b.r 


200 


Kanunu 




210 


Kei 6 


222 


Jol 


Ul/487 


Kap 




210 


Kelewo 


223 


Jor 


Ul/487 


Kapastay 




210 


Kern 1 


223 


Jur 


Ul/487 


Kapasti 






Kern 2 


223 






Kapast 


3y/210 


Ken 


224 




K 


Kapho 




211 


Keng 


Keg/ 21 7 




Kapparis 




211 


Kenkl 


224 


Ka 1 


201 


Kapul 




211 


Kenk2 


Keg/ 21 7 


Ka2 


Kwon/268 


Karl 




212 


Kens 


225 


K.a\b 


201 


Kar2 




213 


Ker1 


226 


Kad 1 


202 


Karkar 


Kar 


1/212 


Ker2 


Sek/408 


Kad2 


202 


Karpasah 




213 




Sek/409 


Kafa 


202 


Karpurah 




213 


Ker3 


22 7 


Kaffa 


203 


Karpurah 






Ker4 


228 


Kafs 


203 


Karpurah/ 213 


Ker5 


228 


Kaftan 


203 


Karsvar 




214 


Kerb 


Ker 4/228 


Kag 


Keg/ 21 7 


Kas 1 


Kes 


1/231 


Kerd 1 


229 


Kagas 


Kagas/204 


Kas2 




214 


Kerd2 


229 


Kagas 


204 


Kasyapa 




214 


Kerd ha 


Kerd 2/229 


Kagat 


Kagas/204 


Katara 




214 


Kerd ho 


Kerd 2/229 


Kagaz 


Kagas/204 


Kau 




215 


Kerk 


230 


Kahrpu 


204 


Kau2 




215 


Keros 


Sper/437 


Kak1 


204 


Kaukos 


Kau 


2/215 


Kers 1 


Ker 4/228 


Kak 2 


205 


Kavuta 




215 


Kers2 


230 


Kak3 


205 


Kayik 




216 


Kerta 


Ker 5/228 



552 



ROOTS 

K - K 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


Kes 1 


231 


Klei 


239 


Ksudros 


252 


Kes2 


231 


Klem 


239 


Ku 1 


253 


Ket 


232 


Kleu 1 


240 


Ku2 


254 


Keu 1 


Geu 1/14 6 


Kleu 2 


241 


Ku3 


Skeu 2/425 




Geu 1/147 


Klis 


241 


Kuatos 


254 


Keu 2 


232 


Klou-ni 


242 


Kub 


Geu 1/14 6 


Keu 3 


233 


Ko2 


Ki 2/237 




Geu 1/147 




Skeu 2/425 


Koi-to 


Kei 4/219 


Kue 


Kwe/ 2 58 


Keu 4 


234 


Koksa 


Kenk 1/224 


Kuei 


254 


Keu 5 


Ku 1/253 


Kolema 


Kolemos/242 


Kulanja 


255 


Keub 


Geu 1/146 


Kolemos 


242 


Kumb 


Geu 1/146 




Geu 1/147 


Kongar 


Kar 1/212 




Geu 1/147 


Keu-bh 


Keu 4/234 


Kork 


Kerk/230 


Kund 


255 


Keud 


Keued/234 


Korka 


243 


Kundos 


Kund/ 2 55 


Keued 


234 


Kormo 


243 


Kung 


255 


Keukl 


235 


Koro 


244 


Kungios 


Kung/ 2 55 


Keuk2 


Geu 1/14 6 


Koros 


Koro/244 


Kunki 


Kung/ 2 55 




Geu 1/147 


Kost 


245 


Kunos 


Keu 2/232 


Keup 


Geu 1/14 6 


Kot 


Ket/ 2 32 


Kup1 


256 




Geu 1/147 


Kou 


Keu 3/233 


Kup2 


256 


Khac 


235 


Kram 


245 


Kupriti 


256 


Khad 


235 


Kramati 


Kr am/245 


Kur 


257 


Khai 


Ghei 1/153 


Kred 


Kerd 1/229 


Kur 


Ker 5/228 


Khan 


236 


Krei 


245 


Kurb 


Gurb/1 70 


Kharpuna 




Kreu 


246 


Kurkana 






Kahrpu/204 


Krk 


Kerk/230 




Kurkanu/ 2 57 


Khei 


Ghei 1/153 


K.r.v 


247 


Kurkanu 


257 


Khitan 


236 


ICs 


247 


Kurkizannu 257 


K.h.l 


236 


Ksei 1 


248 


Kuros 


Keu 2/232 


Ki 1 


Kei 2/218 


Ksei2 


249 


Kut 


258 


Ki 2 


237 


Ksei 3 


249 


Kut-no 


Skeu 2/425 


Kiel 


Kei 1/217 


Ksengio 


Ghengh/157 


Kuur 


Keu 2/232 


Kie2 


Kei 2/218 


Ksero 


250 


Ku-z-dho 


Skeu 2/425 


Kies 


237 


Kseubh 


250 


Kwal 


Skwalo/428 


Kiph 


237 


Kseud 


250 


Kwalo 


Skwalo/428 


KTru 


238 


KsTp 


251 


Kwalos 


Skwalo/428 


Kitintu 


Kitu/ 238 


KsTph 


Ksip/251 


Kwe 


258 


Kitu 


238 


Ksiptis 


Ksip/251 


Kwei 1 


259 


Kitunnu 


Kitu/ 238 


Ksiptom 


Ksip/251 


Kwei2 


259 


Klau 


Kleu 2/241 


KsTro 


252 


Kweit 


Kuei/254 



553 



ROOTS 

K - M 



ROOT 

Kwek 
Kwel 

Kwen 1 
Kwen 2 
Kwep 
Kwer 

Kwermi 

Kwes 

Kwetwer 

Kweye 

Kwi 1 

Kwi2 

K.w.n 

Kwo 

Kwoi 

Kwon 

Kwri 

Kwsep 

Kyo 



La 

Ladunu 

Laio 

LajTn 

Lak 

Lakat 

Lakt 

Lakti 

Lai 

Lang 

Lap-aro 

Laqalaqa 

Layh 

L.b.n 



Kup 



Page 

260 

260 

2 61 

2 61 

2 62 

2/256 

2 62 

2 63 

Wer 2/514 

Wer 2/515 

2 64 

2 65 

266 

Kwo/ 2 67 

Kwe/258 

266 

267 

Kwei 2/259 

2 68 

2 69 

2 69 

Ki 2/237 



270 

270 

La/2 70 

2 71 

Lek/2 79 

Lek/2 79 

Lek/2 79 

2 71 

2 72 

2 72 

Lep/2 79 

2 72 

2 73 

2 74 

2 74 



ROOT 

Leb 

Legwh 

Lei 

Lei 

Leig 

Leigh 1 

Leigh 2 

Leikw 

Leip 

Leith 

Lek 

Lek 

Leng 

Lengho 

Lep 

Lepos 

Les 

Lesa 

Lesiom 

Lesos 

Letra 

Letro 

Letros 

Leu 

Leudh 

Leuk 

Leup 

Leuqos 

Liginnu 

Ligittu 

Lignu 

Limu 

Lithra 

Ljakti 

Loi 

Loik 

Long 

Longos 

Lrg 

Lu 



El 



Page 

2 74 

2 75 

2 75 

3 /122 

276 

276 

277 

Leigh 2/277 

2 78 

2 78 

2 78 

279 

Longos/284 

Longos/284 

279 

Lep/2 79 

279 

Les/ 27 9 

Les/ 27 9 

Les/ 27 9 

Letro/280 

280 

Letro/280 

280 

281 

282 

283 

Leuk/282 

Lignu/283 

Lignu/283 

283 

Nimbu/336 

284 

Lakti/271 

Lei/ 27 5 

Uroiks/491 

Longos/284 

284 

285 

Leu/280 



ROOT 



Page 



M 



Ma 


286 


Mad 


287 


Madhaxa 


287 


Madika 


Madhaxa/ 2 87 


Maga 


287 


Maghl 


288 


Magh2 


289 


Maghos 


289 


Maghu 


Maghos/289 


MagsTsa 


289 


Mak 


290 


Mako 


290 


Mana 


290 


Mantellum 291 


Mantil 




Mantellum/ 291 


Marega 


291 


Masakah 


291 


Masgda 


292 


Massa 


M.s.s/313 


Ma-ter 


Ma/286 


Mazaxa 






Madhaxa/ 2 87 


Mbh 


Nobh/337 


Mbhi 


Ambhi/21 


Me1 


292 


Me 2 


293 




294 


Medhu 


294 


Medhyo 


295 


Meg 


295 


Megh 


Meg/295 


Mei 1 


296 


Mei2 


296 


Mei 3 


297 


Mei 4 


297 


Meig 


298 


Meigh 1 


Meig/298 


Meigh 2 


Meig/298 



554 



ROOTS 

M - N 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


Meigw 


Mei 3/297 


Moiso 


310 


Nas 


320 


Meih 


Mei 3/297 


Mor-to 


Mer 2/305 


Nask 


Naks/ 31 8 


Meik 


Meig/298 




Mer 2/306 


Nau 


Na 1/316 


Meit 


299 


Morui 


Morwi/ 311 


Naus 


Na 1/316 


Meith 


Meit/ 299 


Morwi 


311 


N.b.b 


320 


Mel 1 


299 


Moudh 


311 


Ndher 


En/124 


Mel 2 


299 


Moudhio 


Moudh/ 311 


Ndhi 


En/124 


Mel 3 


300 


Mozgho 


Mozgo/312 


Ndhos 


En/124 


Melg 


300 


Mozgo 


312 


Ne1 


321 


Melo 


Mel 2/299 


Mregu 


312 




322 


Men 1 


301 


Mrgu 


Mregu/ 312 


Ne2 


322 




302 


M.s.h 


312 


Nebh 


323 


Men 2 


303 


M.s.s 


313 


Ned 


324 


Men 3 


303 


Mu 


313 


Nedo 


324 


Menot 


Me 2/293 


Muk 


314 


Nei 1 


325 




Me 2/294 


Mum 


314 




326 


Menth 


304 


Mura 


314 


Nei2 


326 




304 


MurvarTt 


315 


Nei 3 


Ne 1/321 


Mer 1 


304 


Mus 


Mu/313 




Ne 1/322 


Mer2 


305 


M.v.t 


315 


Neia 


Nei 2/326 




306 






Nek1 


32 7 


Mer 3 


306 




N 


Nek 2 


Neku/328 


Mer-d 


Mer 2/305 




Neks 


32 7 




Mer 2/306 


Na 1 


316 


Neku 


328 


Mereg 


Merg/ 307 


Na2 


316 


Nekw 


Noktis/339 


Merega 


306 


Nabatu 


317 


Nekwt 


Noktis/339 


Merg 


307 


Nabja 


317 


Nem 1 


329 


Mer-k 


Mer 2/305 


Nabtu 


Nabatu/ 31 7 


Nem2 


329 




Mer 2/306 


Naema 


317 


Nemata 2 


329 


Merk 


307 


Naeza 


318 


Nembh 


Nebh/323 


Meth 


Menth/ 30 4 


Nagan 


318 


Nena 


Nana/319 


Meu 1 


308 


Nagan 


Nagan/ '318 


Nepot 


330 


Meu2 


Mew/ 30 9 


Naks 


318 


Neptis 


Nepot/ 330 


Meug 


308 


Namra 


318 


Ner1 


331 


Meuk 


309 


Nana 


319 


Ner2 


332 




309 


Naptu 


Nabatu/ 31 7 


Nerq 


Ner 2/332 


Mew 


309 


Naranga 


319 


Nes 1 


332 


Mizdho 


310 


Narda 


Nedo/324 


Nes2 


Ne 2/322 


M.l.h 


310 


Narikelah 


320 


Neu 


333 


Moin 


Mei 3/297 


Narikerah 

Na 


rikelah/320 


Neudh 


Sneudh/432 



555 



ROOTS 

N - P 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


Newn 


333 


Op 


344 


Pekw 


358 


Newo 


334 


Opi 


Epi/125 


Pel 1 


359 


NT1 


335 


Opop 


345 


Pel 2 


360 


Ni 2 


Nei 1/325 


Or 


Er 1/126 


Pel 3 


360 




Nei 1/326 




Er 1/127 


Pele 


361 


NT 3 


Nei 2/326 


Orghi 


345 


Pelt 


Pele/361 


Nimata 




Os 


Ous 2/348 


Pelu 


Pel 1/359 


Nemata 2/329 


Ost 


346 


Pen 


Spen/437 


NTmbu 


336 


Ous 1 


346 


Pend 


Spen/437 


Nis 


336 




347 


Penkwe 


362 


Nitiru 


337 


0us2 


348 


Pent 


362 


Nk 


Neku/328 


Ozdo 


Ozgho/348 


Per 1 


363 


Nobh 


337 


Ozgho 


348 




364 


Nog 


338 






Per 2 


365 


Nogh 


338 




P 


Per 3 


366 


Nogw 


339 








367 


Noktis 


339 


Pa 


349 


Per 4 


368 


Nokut 


Neku/328 




350 


Pera 


Per 4/368 


Nomn 


340 


Pag 


Pak/350 


Perk 1 


368 


Nor 


340 


Pais 


Pis/ 374 


Perk 2 


369 


Nu 


Newo/334 


Paita 


Pele/361 


Persna 


369 


N.w.r 


341 


Pak 


350 


Pesteno 


369 


Nyaka 


341 


Pambak 


351 


Pet 1 


370 


Nyaka 


Nyika/341 


ParTka 


351 


Pet 2 


371 






Parni 


Parth/352 


Peu 


371 




o 


Parsa 


352 


Peua 


Pii 4/378 




Parth 


352 


Peud 


371 


Obhi 


Ambhi/21 


Parthava 


Parth/352 


Peue 


Peu/ 371 


Oies 


342 


Partia 


Parth/352 


Peuk 


372 


Okto 


342 


Parvan 


353 


PT 


P6 2/374 


Oku 


343 


Parvata 


Parvan/353 


Pikho 


Piko/ 372 


Okw 


343 


Pa-ter 


Pa/349 


Piko 


3 72 


Ol 1 


Al 1/15 




Pa/350 


Pilo 


373 


OI2 


Ul/487 


Ped 


353 


Pin 


373 


Olena 


El 3 /122 




354 


PippalT 


373 


Ombh 


Nobh/ 337 


Peg 


355 


Pis 


374 


Ombhro 


Nebh/323 


PeT 


355 


Pislos 


Pilo/ 37 3 


Ome 


344 


Peig 


356 


Pie 


Pel 1/359 


Ono 


An 2/24 


Pek 


357 


Pneu 


Skeu 1/425 


Onogh 


Nogh/338 


Peku 


Pek/ 357 


P6 1 


Apo/29 



55* 



ROOTS 

P - R 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 




Page 




Apo/30 


Qem 


Kara 2/207 


Qwri 


Kwri/2 69 


P6 2 


374 


Qeque 


Keku/219 








Pod 


Ped/353 


Qer 


Ker 3/227 




R 






Ped/354 


Qeud 


Keued/234 






Poi 


P6 2/374 


Qhad 


Khad/235 


Raga 




384 


Poin 


Spen/437 


Qhar 


Kar 1/212 


Raga 


Ra 


ga/384 


Pol 


375 


Qirbah 


381 


Ragamu 




384 


Porkwos 


Pel 2/360 


Qirrabah 


Qirbah/ 381 


Raika 




385 


Pos 


375 


Q.l.y 


381 


Raud 


Ra 


up/ 385 


Poti 


Pa/349 


Qor 


Ker 3/227 


Raup 




385 




Pa/350 


Qr 


Ker 3/227 


R.b.b 




385 


Potis 


Pa/349 


Qreu 


Kreu/246 


Re 


Ere 


1/127 




Pa/350 


Qreus 


Kreu/246 


Redh 




386 


Pou 


376 


Q.r.m 


382 


Reg1 




387 


PrT 


377 


Qrus 


Kreu/246 


Reg 2 


Rek/390 


Prs 


377 


Qruwes 


Kreu/246 


Reg 3 




388 


Pu 1 


Peu/371 


Qsei 


Ksei 1/248 


Regh 


Redh/ 38 6 


Pu2 


378 


Qseu 


Kes 2/231 


Rei 


Leuc 


ih/281 


Pu3 


Apo/29 


Qseud 


Kseud/250 


Rei 1 




389 




Apo/30 


Q.t.r 


382 


Rei 2 




389 


Pu4 


378 


Quatis 


Kuatos/254 


Reig 


Rei 


2/389 


Pug 


Peuk/372 


Quatos 


Kuatos/254 


Rek 




390 


Puk 


378 


Que 


Kwe/258 


Rekp 


Rei 


2/389 


Pulaka 


379 


Quomn 


Kamma/208 


Rekto 


Reg 


1/387 


Pwt 


379 


Quoros 


Kur/257 


Rem 




390 






Quseros 


Kar 1/212 


Rep 




391 






Quseros 


Sper/437 


Ret 




392 




Q 


Qusudros 




Reu 1 




393 


Qa 
Qam 
Qand 
Qap 
Qar 1 
Qar 2 
Qau 1 
Qau 2 
Q.d.m 
Qel 
Qela 
Qely 


Ka 1/201 

Kara 2/207 

Kand 1/209 

Kap/210 

Kar 1/212 

Kar 2/213 

Kau/215 

Kau 2/215 

380 

Kel 4/222 

Q.l.y/381 

Q.l.y/381 


Qwe 
Qwei 
Qwek 


Ksudros/252 

Kwe/258 

Kwei 1/259 

Kwek/2 60 


Reu 2 
Reu 3 
Reua 
Reud 1 


Reu 
Reu 
Reu 


393 
1/393 
2/393 
1/393 


Qwel 
Qwer 
Qwetwor 


Kwel/2 60 
Kwel/2 61 
Kwer/2 62 
Kwer/2 63 

Kwetwer/265 


Reud 2 Reu 
Reudh 1 
Reudh 2 Reu 
Reug 

Reughmen 
Reup Reu 


2/393 
394 

2/393 
394 
394 

2/393 


Qweye 
Qwi 


Kweye/2 66 
Kwei 1/259 


Reuto 
Rewe 




395 
395 



557 



ROOTS 

R - S 



ROOT 




Page 


ROOT 




Page 


ROOT 


Page 


R.f.a' 




395 


Se2 




404 


Shu-shu 


Chou-shu/75 


Rk-so 


Rk-tho/396 


Se3 




404 


ST1 


Se 1/404 


Rk-tho 




396 


Sed 




405 


ST 2 


Se 2/404 


Ros 


Eres 


1/130 






406 


ST 3 


Sai 2/398 


Routo 


Reut 


-.o/395 


Sedu 




406 


Sindhu 


Sy and/ 463 


Ru 1 


Reu 


1/393 


Segh 




406 


Sinkadrus 


420 


Ru2 


Reu 


2/393 


Sei 1 


Se 


1/404 


Skabh 


420 


Ru3 


Re 


we/395 


Sei2 


Se 


2/404 


Skaf 


Sek/408 


Rut 


Reut 


-.o/395 


Sei 3 


Sai 


2/398 




Sek/409 


R.y.m 




396 


Seiku 




407 


Skai 


421 


R.z.m 




397 


Seikw 


Seih 


:u/407 


Skaif 


421 








Seip 




407 


Skaip 


Skaif/421 




s 




Sek 




408 


Skaivos 


421 










409 


Skand 


422 


Sabatu 




398 


Seks 


Sweb 


is/ '4 60 


Skand-sls 


Skand/422 


Sabha 




Aba/4 


Sekw 




410 


Skarna 


Sukurna/458 


Saen 


Se 


2/404 


Selg 




411 


Sked 1 


Sek/408 


Saena-m 


erega 




Sem 1 




411 




Sek/409 




Me ret 


ja/306 






412 


Sked2 


422 


Sai 1 


Se 


1/404 


Sem 2 




413 


Skei 


Sek/408 


Sai 2 




398 


Sema 




413 




Sek/409 


Saka 




399 


Sen 1 




413 


Skel 1 


423 


Sakah 




399 


Sen 2 




414 


Skel2 


Sek/408 


Salamandra 


399 


Seni 


Sen 


2/414 




Sek/409 


Sali 




399 


Seno 


Sen 


1/413 


Skend 


Skand/422 


SalTba 




400 


Septm 




414 


Skeng 


423 


Salla 




400 


Ser1 




414 


Skep 


Sek/408 


Sam 


Sem 


2/413 






415 




Sek/409 


Samser 


Sfsyr/419 


Ser2 




416 


Skerl 


424 


Sarapu 




400 


Ser3 




416 


Sker2 


Sek/408 


Sarpu 


Sarapu/400 


Sera 


Ser 


3/416 




Sek/409 


Saus 




401 


Seu 1 




417 


Skeu 1 


425 


Sav 1 




401 


Seu2 




418 


Skeu2 


425 


Savah 1 


Sav 


1/401 


Seu 3 




418 


Skeu 3 


Keu 3/233 


Savala 




401 


Seu 4 




418 


Skeud 1 


426 


Sawel 




402 


Sew 


Seu 


4/418 


Skeud 2 


Keued/234 






403 


S.f.f 




419 


Skhai 


427 


Say' 




403 


S.f.r 




419 


Skhed 


Sek/408 


S.d.a' 




403 


Sfsyr 




419 




Sek/409 


Se1 




404 


S.h.r 




420 


Skou 


Keu 3/233 



55£ 



ROOTS 

s - s 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 




Page 


ROOT 


Page 


Sku 


Skeu 2/425 


Sphelgher 


l 




Steu 2 


452 


Skur 


Skeu 2/425 




Spelgh/ 437 


Stewe 


452 


Skwalo 


428 


Spher 




440 


Stha 


Sta/444 


Skwalos 


Skwalo/428 


Sphereg 


Spereg/ 438 




Sta/445 


S.l.m 


429 


Spheud 


Pe 


jd/371 


Stig 


Steig/448 


S.l.m 


S.l.m/429 


SphTeu 


Spye 


u/441 


Stoigh 


Steigh/449 


Sm 


Sem 1/411 


Spinakion 




440 


Stomen 


453 




Sem 1/412 


Spis 




441 


Stor 


Ster 1/449 


S.m.'a 


430 


Spongo 




441 


Str 


Ster 1/449 


Smeit 


430 


Spyeu 




441 


Su 1 


454 


Smelo 


Mel 2/299 


Sqand 


Skar 


d/422 




455 


Smer 


Mer 1/304 


Sqombh-no 






456 


Smerd 


Mer 2/305 




Kamma/208 


Su2 


457 




Mer 2/306 


S.r.b 




442 


Su3 


Sawel/402 


S.m.s 


431 


Sreno 




442 




Sawel/403 


S.n/a 


431 


Sresk 




442 


Su4 


Seu 3/418 


Sna 


431 


Srgala 




443 


Sua 


Kwon/2 68 


Sneigwh 


432 


SrTra 




443 


SuTg 


457 


Sner 


Ner 2/332 


Srisa 




443 


Sukurna 


458 


Snerq 


Ner 2/332 


Srisna 


Srisa/443 


Sulaka 


458 


Sneu 


Sai 2/398 


Sru 3 




443 


Summaq 


458 


Sneu 


Sai 2/398 


Srva2 


Sru 


3/443 


Sup 1 


Swep/ 4 62 


Sneudh 


432 


Sta 




444 


Sup 2 


Kup 1/256 


Snog 


Nog/338 






445 


Surmenu 


458 


Snu 


Sai 2/398 


Stai 1 




445 


Sus 


Saus/401 


So 


433 


Stai 2 


St 


ei/447 


Sutus 


Seu 3/418 


Soffeh 


433 


Stak 


Sta/444 


Svas 


459 


Soito 


Se 1/404 




Sta/445 


Swad 


459 


Sol 


434 


Stebh 




446 


Swei 


459 


Solo 


Sol/434 


Steg 




447 


Sweib 


Swei/459 


Sophos 


434 


Stei 




447 


Sweid 


4 60 


Sosen 


435 


Steig 




448 


Sweks 


4 60 


Spek 


436 


Steigh 




449 


Swekwo 


4 60 


Spelgh 


437 


Stena 


Ten 


2/472 


Swel 1 


4 61 


Spen 


437 


Ster 1 




449 


Swen 


4 61 


Sper 


437 


Ster2 




450 


Swep 


4 62 


Spereg 


438 


Ster 3 




450 


Swer 


4 62 


Spergh 


Spereg/ 438 


Ster 4 




451 




Wer 6/517 


Sphallein 


439 


Sterp 


Ster 


3/450 


S.x.r 


4 63 


Sphel 


439 


Steu 1 




451 


Syand 


4 63 



555 



ROOTS 

§ - v 



ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


ROOT 


Page 


Sypsyr 


Sfsyr/419 


Tep 


4 73 


Twerk 


485 


Sypwr 


4 63 


Ter1 
Ter 2 


4 74 
Tres/483 


Twrk 


Twerk/ 4 85 




T 


Ter 3 
Terp 


4 75 
4 75 




u 


Tabaco 


4 64 


Ters 


476 


Ud 1 


486 


Taburak 


4 64 


Teter 


476 


Ud2 


Wed/ 4 97 


TafrTq 


F.r.q/135 


Teu 1 


477 




Wed/ 4 98 


Tai 


Stai 1/445 


Teu2 


Steu 2/452 


Udero 


487 


Tal 


4 65 


Teub 


4 78 


Uedero 


Udero/ 487 


Talk 


4 65 


Teuk-os 


Keku/219 


Ues 


Yu/538 


Tannur 


Tanur/ '4 66 


Teup 


Steu 2/452 


ug 


Aueg/4 


Tanur 


466 


Teus 


4 78 


Ugw 


Wegw/501 


Tar 


Ter 3/475 


Tex 


479 


Uks 


Wegw/501 


Targumanu 


Text 


Tex/4 79 


Uksen 


Wegw/501 




Ragamu/384 


Tiegu 


479 


Ul 


487 


Ta>Tf 


A' .r.f/33 


Tien 


480 


Umm 


488 


Tartaros 


466 


Titi 


480 


Uog 


Aueg/4 


Tata 


467 


Titil 


Titi/480 


Upo 


489 


Taxi 


467 


Tkaesa 


480 




490 


Taxlik 


Taxi/ 4 67 


T.L.S 


480 


Urdu 


Urmak/ 4 91 


Tebh 


Teub/478 


To 


So/433 


Urigh 


490 


Tebhos 


Teub/478 


Togei 


Tokei/481 


Urmak 


491 


Teg 


Steg/447 


Tokei 


481 


Uroiks 


491 


Teig 


Steig/448 


Tr 


Ter 1/474 


Urvan 


491 


Teks 


Tex/4 79 


Trei 


481 






Teku 1 


4 68 


Trenk 


482 




V 


Teku2 


Tex/4 79 


Trep 1 


482 




Tekw 


Teku 1/4 68 


Trep2 


Terp/ 4 75 


Vaena 1 


492 


Tel 


4 69 


Tres 


483 


Vaena 1 


Vaena 1/492 


Tern 


470 


T.r.h 


483 


Vaidurya 


Velur/ 4 94 


Temar 


470 


Tronkus 


Trenk/ 4 82 


Var 


492 


Temp 


Ten 1/471 


Trp 


Terp/ 4 75 


Varaka 






Ten 1/472 


Tu 


483 


Varekahe/492 


Ten 1 


4 71 


Tu 


Tu/483 


Varaza 


492 




4 72 


Tuardo 


484 


Varekahe 492 


Ten 2 


4 72 


Tu-kue 


484 


Vareta 


493 


Tengh 


Ten 1/471 


Tulupos 


484 


Vata 


Bata/46 




Ten 1/472 


Turd 


Tuardo/484 


Vatin-ganah 493 


Tenk 


4 73 


Turt 


Tuardo/484 


Velur 


494 



560 



ROOTS 

v - x 



ROOT 




Page 


ROOT 




Page 


ROOT 




Page 


Veluryia 


Velur/494 


Wei 1 




509 


Wes-no 


Wes 


5/522 


Veno 


Wes 


5/522 


Wei 2 




510 


Wesu 


Su 


1/454 


Vesno 


Wes 


5/522 






511 




Su 


1/455 


Veso 


Wes 


5/522 


Wei 3 




511 




Su 


1/456 


Vrsa 




494 


Wem 




512 


Wet 




522 


Vrsna 


Vrsa/494 


Wen 




512 


Wi 




523 












513 






524 




w 




Wep 




513 


Wid 


We 


id/504 






Weqw 


Wekw/ 508 


Win 


Wo 


in/525 


Wa 


Eu 


1/132 


Wer1 




514 


Wiros 


Wei 


2/503 


Wag 


Wegh/ 501 


Wer2 




514 


Woid 


We 


id/504 


Wag 2 




495 






515 


Woin 




525 


Wai 




495 


Wer3 




516 


Wokso 


Weg 


1/499 


W.a\m 




495 


Wer4 


Wed/ 4 97 


Worda 


Wer 


6/517 


Waq 


Wegh/ 501 




Wed/ 4 98 


Wordia 


Wer 


6/517 


Was 


Wes 


1/520 


Wer5 




517 


Wordos 


Wer 


6/517 


We1 




496 


Wer6 




517 


Wos 


Wes 


1/520 


We 2 


Au 2/39 






517 


Wosos 


Wes 


1/520 


Webh 




497 


Werb 


Wer 


2/514 


Wrdho 




526 


Wed 




497 




Wer 


2/515 


Wreg 1 




52 7 






498 


Werd 


Wer 


6/517 


Wreg2 


Wer 


3/516 


Wedh 1 




498 


Werdh 


Ered/128 


Wrei 


Wer 


2/514 


Wedh2 




499 


Weredh 


Ered/128 




Wer 


2/515 


Weg 1 




499 


Weren 




518 


Wrg 


Wer 


3/516 


Weg2 




500 


Werg 1 




519 


Wrod 


Wrdho/ 52 6 


Wegh 




501 


Werg2 


Wer 


3/516 


W.s.m 




52 7 


Wego 




501 


Werg 3 


Wer 


2/514 








Wegw 




501 




Wer 


2/515 




X 




Wegwh 




502 


Wermi 


Wer 


2/514 






Wei 1 




502 




Wer 


2/515 


Xac1 




528 


Wei 2 




503 


Werp 


Wer 


2/514 


Xac2 


Kh 


ac/235 


Weib 


Weip/ 50 6 




Wer 


2/515 


Xad 




528 


Weid 




504 


Wert 


Wer 


2/514 


Xak 




528 


Weidh 




505 




Wer 


2/515 


Xalen 




529 


Weikl 




505 


Wes 1 




520 


Xartes 


Cartes/74 


Weik2 




506 


Wes 3 




521 


Xasta 


Xad/528 


Weip 




506 


Wes 4 




521 


Xsad 




529 


Weis 




507 


Wes 5 




522 


Xsaivan 


Xsi 


1/529 


Wek 




507 


Wesa 


Wes 


1/520 


Xsarta 




529 


Wekw 




508 


Wesn 


Wes 


5/522 


XsT1 




529 



561 



ROOTS 

A - Z 

ROOT 


Page 


'Xsnk 
Xvaini 


530 
530 



ROOT 



Page 



ROOT 



Page 



Z.n.y 



541 



Ya 


531 


Ya3 


Yah 5/531 


Yag 


531 


Yah 5 


531 


Yarah 


532 


Yasfa 


532 


Yasfeh 


Yasfa/532 


Yau 


532 


Yavarena 


532 


Yb 


533 


Yekwer 


533 


Yelek 


Ijlak/196 


Yem 


534 


Yes 


534 


Yeu 1 


535 


Yeu2 


535 


Yeu 3 


536 


Yeug 


Yeu 1/535 


Yewo 


Ieuo/196 


Y.m.n 


537 


Yos 


538 


Yu 


538 


Yuwn 


Yeu 2/535 


Yuwnkos 


Yeu 2/535 



Zarafah 


539 


Zausa 


539 


Zay 


539 


Z.b.d 


540 


Zgwes 


Gwes/181 


Z.h.k 


540 


Zi 


Zay/539 


Z.k.r 


541 



562 



Akkadian 

A - T 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


Akkadian 


Kitu 
Kitunnu 


Kitu/238 
Kitu/238 


Sedu Sedu/406 
sesanu Sosen/435 




A 


Kupriti 


Kupri ti/256 


Surmenu 




Kurkana 




Surmenu/458 


Agaru 


Agaru/ 6 




Kurkanu/ 2 57 




A-gur-ru 


Agurru/ 7 


Kurkanu 




T 


Agurru 


Agurru/ 7 




Kurkanu/ 2 57 


Asu 


Asu /36 


Kurkizan 


nu 


Targumanu 






Kurkizannu/257 


Ragamu/384 




B 






tinnura Tanur/466 






L 


tuppu Dub/ 111 


bab-ilu 


N.b.b/320 








babu 


N.b.b/320 


Ladunu 


Ladunu/ 270 




baraqtu 


B.r.q/71 


Laqalaqa 










Laqalaqa/272 






D 


Liginnu 
Ligittu 


Lignu/283 
Lignu/283 




Dayanu 


Dinu/108 


Lignu 


Lignu/283 




Denu 


Dinu/108 








DTnu 


Dinu/108 




M 




duppu 


Dub/ 111 










manu 


Mana/290 






E 




N 




Erebu 


Erebu/128 










Nabatu 


Nabatu/ 317 








Nabtu 


Nabatu/ 317 






G 


Naptu 


Nabatu/ 317 




Gassu 


Gassu/138 
I 


nebaba 
Nitiru 


N.b.b/320 
Nitiru/337 

R 




imbubu 


N.b.b/320 










Ragamu 


Ragamu/384 






K 




s 




Kanunu 


Kanunu/ 21 






karabu 


B.r.k/71 


Sabatu 


Sabatu/398 




KTru 


Kiru/238 


Sarapu 


Sarapu/400 




Kitintu 


Kitu/238 


Sarpu 


Sarapu/400 





563 



Arabic 

A - A 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Arabic 






Ed/ 117 




Su 1/455 






alfesfeseh 


Ekwos/121 


amin 


A.m.n/22 


A 


A.l.h 


Layh/2 74 


AmTr 


A' .m.r/23 


±. 




al-iksir 


Al 3/17 


Amir al-bahr 


ab 


Ab 2/3 




Ksero/250 




Al 3/17 


abara 


A* .b.r/4 


al-ithmud 


Al 3/17 


AmTr-al-bahr 


ab-baha 


Ab 1/2 


AI-Jabr-w'al-Mo 




A' .m.r/23 


abboha 


Ab 1/2 




J.b.r/200 


AmTr-ar-rahl 


a\b.r 


A* .b.r/4 


al-jabr-w'a 


1- m 




A' .m.r/23 


Abrahim 


Ab 2/3 




Al 3/17 


amlaj 


Amalaka/20 


abu 


Ab 2/3 


al-kahl 


Al 3/17 


amm 1 


A' .m.m/22 


abu-araq 


A.r.q/34 




K.h. 1/236 


amm 2 


A' .m.m/22 




Ab 2/3 


al-kTmTya 


Al 3/17 


ammah 


A' .m.m/22 


abu-zma 


Ab 2/3 


al-kTmTya 




a.m.n 


A.m.n/22 




Z.n.y/541 




Kers 2/230 


A'.m.r 


A' .m.r/23 


a.b.v 


Ab 2/3 


al-kimya 


Gheu 1/162 


A.n.b 


A.n.b/ 2 5 


adab 


Dub/ 111 




Kers 2/230 


anbar 


A.n.b/ 2 5 


Adam 


Adhamah/5 


alkoul 


K.h. 1/236 


a\q.b 


A' .q.b/30 


afsantTn 


Kwen 1/2 61 


Al-lah 


Al 3/17 


a'qeb 


A' .q.b/30 


a'jara 


Agaru/6 




Layh/274 


aqrab 


A.q.r/31 


ajur 


Agurru/7 


Allah 


Layh/274 


a>ab 


A* .b.r/4 


akvab 


Geu 1/147 


al-lazaward 


Araq 


A.r.q/34 


AI3 


Al 3/17 




La j in/271 


a\r.b 


A* .b.r/4 


al-ambTq 


Ab 1/1 


al-malagma Al 3/17 


arbah 


Ar/32 




Nei 1/325 


al-malagma 


A\r.f 


A' .r.f/33 


al-anbTq 


Ab 1/1 




Mel 3/300 


ankeh 


Kei 4/219 




Al 3/17 


al-nil 


Al 3/17 


a.r.k 


Kei 4/219 




Nei 1/325 




Nei 1/326 


arobeh 


Ar/32 


al-a'sarah 


Al 3/17 


al-oud 


Agaruh/6 


A.r.q 


A.r.q/34 




A' .s.r/36 




Al 3/17 


a'sarah 


A' .s.r/36 


al-avara 


Yarah/532 


al-qadus 


Al 3/17 


asatTr 


We id/504 


al-badenjan Al 3/17 


al-qasr 


Kes 1/231 


Asfar 


S.f.r/419 


Vat in 


-ganah/493 


al-qela 


Al 3/17 


as-har 


S.h.r/420 


al-bakrah 


B.k.r/69 


al-qTphal 




asTr 


Aidh/9 


al-bTrquq 


Al 3/17 


Ghebh-el/152 


A\s.r 


A' .s.r/36 


al-birquq 


Pekw/358 


al-qubbah 


Al 3/17 


as-sumut 


Al 3/17 


al-esfanj Spongo /441 




Gabbah/136 




Mei 3/297 


al-faranji 




al-XwarazmT 


atlas 


T.L.S/480 


Frankon/134 




Al 3/17 


at-tannur 


Tanur/4 66 


al-fesfeseh 


Al 3/17 


Al-XwarazmT 


'awar 


*Awar/43 








Ghdhem/150 







564 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Arabic 

A - H 

Root/Page 



'Awar 'Awar/43 

'awanyah 'Awar/43 
awja Ud 1/486 

az-zarmx Al 3/17 
Ghel/155 



B 



ba-bus 
badenjan 
Vati 
badzahr 
balaxs 
balluth 
balsam 
barakat 
bardaj 
basam 
bayt 
bayzeh 
bent 
bezoar 
bTkr 
BilqTs 
B.k.r 
b.n.v 
bolur 
bouqceh 
b.r.k 
b.r.q 
buq 
burq 
b.y.t 
b.y.z 



Pos/375 



dabbur 
daf 



n-ganah/493 
Gwhen 2/185 
Apank/28 
Balut/46 
Busma/72 
B.r.k/71 
Vareta/493 
Busma/72 
B.y. t/73 
B.y.z/73 
B.n.v/70 

Per 3/367 

B.k.r/ 69 

Pariki/351 

B.k.r/ 69 

B.n.v/70 

Velur/494 
Boqca/70 
B.r.k/71 
B.r.q/71 
Beu 2/48 

Bher 4/60 
B.y. t/73 
B.y.z/73 

D 

D.b.r/80 

Deru 1 /91 

Dub/ 111 



daf tar Deph/88 

dahr D.v.r/114 

daTrah D.v.r/114 
daqal Daqal/79 

dar D.v.r/114 

dar-as-sana' 

D.v.r/114 
S.n. 'a/431 
darb Dhwer/106 

dar-bezin 

Kwetwer/265 
Ped/354 
dayn Dlnu/108 

derham 

Dr as soman/ 1 1 
DTjIat 
dm 1 
dm 2 
dTnar 
dTwan 
domal 
dr-as-sana 
durdi Tartaros/466 
D.V.r D.v.r/114 

dz.l.l D. 1.1/108 



Stei< 

Dheye/102 

Dlnu/108 

Dekm/84 

Dub/ 111 

Dumb/ 112 

Al 3/17 



E 



eblis 

Ed ns 

eflas 

-el 

el 

enjTI 

eqlTd 

eqlTm 

esferaj 

Eskandar 

Eskander 



Dwo/115 

Gwel 1/176 

Ner 1/331 

Gwel 2/177 

Layh/2 73 

Layh/2 73 

Agaru/6 

Kleu 2/241 

Klei/239 

Spereg/438 

Alek/19 

Ner 1/331 



eskeleh Skand/422 
esrag Clrag/75 

estoqos Steigh/449 



fals 


Gwel 2/177 


falsafah 


Bhili/66 




Sophos/434 


faranji 


Frankon/134 


felfel 


Pippali/373 


flus 


Gwel 2/177 


fostoq 


Bistak/69 


F.r.q 


F.r.q/ 135 


fustug 


Bistak/69 



gala 


G.v. 1/171 


garbala 


Sek/409 


gharraf 


Gh.r.f/165 


Ghazal 


G.z. 1/188 


Gh.r.f 


Gh.r.f/165 


g.r.b 


Erebu/128 


gul 


G.v. 1/171 


G.z.l 


G.z. 1/188 



H 



habl 


Habl/ 189 


Hannaneh 


H.n.n/191 


haram 


H.r.m/192 


harem 


H.r.m/192 


harTm 


H.r.m/192 


Hasan 


H.s.n/192 


HasasTn 


H.s.s/193 


hasTs 


H.s.s/193 


hawwa 


H.y.y/193 


hayat 


H.y.y/193 


h.j.r 


H.j.r/190 



565 



Arabic 

H - M 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



H.n.n 

horba 

Hosayn 

hosn 

H.s.n 

H.s.s 

hur 

h.y.y 



iblis 

ibn 
ifnt 



H.n.n/191 
Sawel/402 
H.s.n/192 
H.s.n/192 
H.s.n/192 
H.s.s/193 
Leudh/281 
Su 1/454 
H.y.y/193 



I 



Dwo/115 

Gwel 1/176 

B.n.v/70 

Apo/29 

Pr -1/377 

H.r.m/192 

A.m.n/22 



ihram 

iman 

isbanax 

Spinaki on/440 
Islam S.l.m/429 

Ismail S.m. 'a/430 



jabal 
Jabal-al 

jabal-al- 

jabsTn 

jafsTn 

jah 

jaleco 

Jamal 

jarrah 

jaselTq 

jass 

jaurab 



J.b.l /199 
Tariq 

Al 3/17 
tariq 

J.b.l /199 
Gassu/138 
Gassu/138 

Gwa/1 72 
Ijlak/196 
Jamal/ 198 
K.r.v/247 

Sol/434 

Gassu/138 

Gurb/1 70 



jaurb 

J.b.b 

j.b.l 

J.b.r 

JebraTI 

jenazeh 

j.n.z 

Jonah 

j.r.b 

julab 



Gurb/1 70 

J.b.b/ 198 

J.b.l /199 

J.b.r/200 

J.b.r/200 

Gzn/188 

Gzn/188 

Nek 1/327 

Gurb/1 70 

Wrdho/52 6 



K 

K.a' .b/201 

Gwhedh/182 

Karpurah/213 

K.h. 1/236 

Kak 4/205 

Kel 3/221 

Gzn/188 



K.a\b 

kada 

kafur 

kahhal 

ka'k 

kanTseh 

kanz 

karantTna 

Kwetwer/265 
karbas Karpasah/213 
karkadan 

Kurkizannu/257 

B.r.k/71 

Kel 5/222 

K.h. 1/236 

Kupri ti/256 

Kel 3/221 

Geu 1/147 

K.h. 1/236 

K.r.v/247 

Kurkanu/257 

Leigh 2/277 

K.r.v/247 



karubiyy 

ka's 

K.h. I 

kibrit 

k.n.s 

koab 

kohl 

koreh 

korkom 

kosuf 

K.r.v 

kuffyyah 

Ghebh-el/152 
k.W.n K.w.n/266 



laban 


L.b.n/274 


lajj 


Alek/19 




Reg 3/388 


\a\ 


Lai/ 2 72 


laqan 


Lignu/283 


laqlaq 


Laqalaqa/272 


laqlaqeh 




Laqalaqa/272 



laylak 

l.b.n 

ITmah 

ITtr 

luban 



Nei 1/326 
L.b.n/2 74 
Nimbu/336 
Lithra/284 
L.b.n/2 74 



luban jaw? L.b.n/274 

M 

ma'da Mei 1/296 

madTneh Dlnu/108 
magreb Erebu/128 
Magreb al aqsa 

Erebu/128 
majus Maghl/288 

manareh N.w.r/341 
mandTI 

Mantellum/291 
maot M.v.t/315 

maqalTd Kleu 2/241 
Marakes Erebu/128 
mardjan 

Murvarit/315 
marqasTtha 

Magsisa/289 
Maryam R.y.m/396 
masaha M.s.h/312 
masahat M.s.h/312 
MasTh M.s.h/312 

masjed Masgda/292 
Massa M.s.s/313 



Arabic 

M - S 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


mastakT 


Menth/304 




o 


qirat 


Ker 1/22 6 


masxarah 
matmurah 
matrah 


S.x.r/463 
Temar/470 
T.r.h/483 


oqyanus 

osqof 

ostureh 


Keanos/21 6 

Oku/343 

Epi/125 

Spek/436 

We id/504 


Qirbah 

qirmiz 

Qirrabah 


Qirbah/381 
Gene 1/141 
Qirbah/381 


maxazin 
maxzan 
maymun 


Gzn/188 

Gzn/188 

Y.m.n/537 


qTtar 
q.l.b 


Ten 1/471 
Trei/481 
Ku 1/253 


meqlad 


Kleu 2/241 








Ped/354 


milh 


M.l.h/ 310 




Q 


Q.l.y 


Q.l.y/381 


miqrameh 


Q.r.m/382 




q.n.v 


Gwhen 1/184 


m.l.h 


M.l.h/ 310 


qabbah 


Gabbah/136 


Q.r.m 


Q.r.m/382 


mofles 


Gwel 2/177 


qaftan 


Kaftan/203 


Q.t.r 


Q. t.r/382 


Moharram 




qahwah 


Kaffa/203 


qutun 


Kitu/238 




H.r.m/192 


qalam 


Kolemos/242 






motebalver 


qalib 


Ku 1/253 




R 




Velur/494 


qalib 


Ped/354 




mousim 


W.s.m/527 


qamTs 


Kern 2/223 


rafu 


R.f.a'/395 


mozavver 


Ghuel/166 


qanah 


Gwhen 1/184 


raonaq 


Leudh/281 


mozhek 


Z.h.k/540 


qanat 


Gwhen 1/184 




Nei 1/325 


M.s.s 


M.s.s/313 


qandat 


Gwhen 1/182 


rati 


Lithra/284 


mumTya 


Mum/314 


qandTI 


Kand 1/209 


rauza 


Leudh/281 


M.v.t 


M.v. t/315 


qanun 


Gwhen 1/184 




Ser 1/415 






qarantmc 


i 


ravaj 


Rep/ 3 91 


N 




Kwetwer/265 


razeqT 


Ragi/384 


- 




qarn 


Gher 1/158 


r.b.b 


R.b.b/385 


naft 


Nabatu/317 


qaysar 


Skhai/427 


rezmeh 


R.z.m/397 


naker 


Ne 1/321 


qaz 


Kaz/216 


rezq 


Leuk/282 


namareq 


Namra/318 


q.b.b 


Gabbah/136 


r.f.a' 


R.f.a'/395 


namraq 


Namra/318 


q.d.m 


Q.d.m/380 


r.y.m 


R.y.m/396 


namus 


Nem 1/329 


qeetarah 


Trei/481 


R.z.m 


R.z.m/397 


nar 


N.w.r/341 


Qela 


Q.l.y/381 






naranj Naranga/319 


Qely 


Q.l.y/381 




s 


nard 


Nedo/324 


qentar 


Dekm/85 




nasx 


Ned/ 32 4 


qermez 


Wer 2/515 


saboun 


Seip/4 07 


natrun 


Nitiru/337 


qertas 


Cartes/74 


safan 


Ghei 2/154 


navus 


Nes 1/332 


qest 


Yeu 1/535 


safara 


Keu 2/232 


n.k.r 


Ne 1/321 


q eta rah 


Ten 1/471 


saffa 


S.f.f/419 


nomreh 


Nem 1/329 


qTphaleh 




saffneh 


Ghei 2/154 


nur 


N.w.r/341 


Ghebh-el/152 


safra 


S.f.r/419 






qTr 


Kiru/238 


safsatah 


Sophos/434 



567 



Arabic 

S - Y 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


sahra 


S.h.r/420 


S.n/a 


S.n. 'a/431 


t.m.r 


Temar/470 


saj 


Sakah/399 


soda' 


S.d.aV403 


torrahat 


Ret/392 


sal 


Savala/401 


Soffeh 


Soffeh/433 


T.r.h 


T.r.h/483 


salam 


S.l.m/429 


soq 


Teub/478 


tufan 


Dheu 2/100 


salTb 


Saliba/400 


soradeq 


Ter 1/474 






Salla 


Salla/400 


spanaj Spinaki on/440 




u 


samandar 


S.r.b 


S.r.b/442 




Salamandra /399 


s.r.f 


Sarapu/400 


umm 


Umm/ 4 88 


samfa 


S.m. 'a/430 


sukkar 


Korka/243 


umme-g' 


Ian Umm/ 4 88 


sams 


S.m.s/431 


summaq 


Summaq/ '458 




G.v. 1/171 


samt 


Mei 3/297 


S.x.r 


S.x.r/463 






sanj 


Geu 1/147 


s.y.f 


Kiph/237 




V 




Keg/ 21 7 








santTr 


Pol /375 




T 


vazTr 


Wi/523 


sarab 


S.r.b/442 








sarad 


Ghlad/163 


tabalvor 


Velur/494 




w 


sarq 


Cirag/75 


tabbal 


Taburak/464 




sarqTyTn 


Cirag/75 


tabul 


Taburak/464 


wasama 


W.s.m/ 527 


sarraf 


Sarapu/400 


TafrTq 


F.r.q/135 


wazu 


Asu /36 


sarv 


Surmenu/458 


talq 


Talk/ 4 65 


wodu 


Asu /36 


satl 


Se 3/404 


tamaddon Dinu/108 


W.s.m 


W.s.m/ 527 


sausan 


Sosen/435 


tanbur 


Taburak/464 


w.z.a' 


Asu /36 


Say' 


Say'/403 


tannur 


Tanur/466 






sayf 


Kiph/237 


tar 


Kiru/238 




X 


s.b.t 


Sabatu/398 


tarax-saquq 




S.d.a' 


S.d.aV403 




Taxi/ 4 67 


xalanj 


Kulanja/255 


sefr 


Keu 2/232 


tar-bus 


Pos/375 


xalanjan 


Kulanja/255 


sejell 


Sekw/410 


tardjama 


Ragamu/384 


xan 


Khan/236 


sendarus 


Kand 1/209 


tarh 


T.r.h/483 


xandaq 


Gwhen 1/183 


serat 


Ster 1/449 


Ta>Tf 


A' .r.f/33 


xTyal 


Ghel/156 


seytan 


Sedu/406 


tarjama 


Ragamu/384 


xosuf 


Leigh 2/277 


S.f.r 


S.f.r/419 


tarteer Tartaros/466 


x.z.n 


Gzn/188 


S.h.r 


S.h.r/420 


tarxun 


Derk/90 






siff 


S.f.f/419 


taslTm 


S.l.m/429 




Y 


sifr 


Keu 2/232 


taw'am 


W.a* .m/495 




sijjTI 


Ak/12 


tawoos 


Tokei/481 


Ya-Hasa 


n! Ya-Ho 


sTma 


Dheye/102 


tazvTr 


Ghuel/166 




H.s.n/192 


siqillat 


Sekw/410 


temara 


Temar/470 


yamTn 


Y.m.n/537 


sTraj 


Cirag/75 


thwr 


Teu 1/477 


Ya'qub 


A' .q.b/30 


s.j.d 


Masgda/292 


T.L.S 


T.L.S/480 


yaqut 












Hyakinthos/193 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Arabic 

Y - Z 

Root/Page 



yasb Yasfa/532 

yawm-ed-dm 

Dinu/108 
Yemen Y.m.n/537 



zabad 


Z.b.d/540 


zabad 


Z.b.d/540 


za'faran 


S.f.r/419 


zahika 


Z.h.k/540 


ZakarTa 


Z.k.r/541 


zaman 


Gwa/1 72 


zanzabTI 


Ker 1/22 6 


Zarafah 


Zarafah/539 


zard 


Ghlad/163 


zarrad 


Ghlad/163 


zawj 


Yeu 1/535 


Z.b.d 


Z.b.d/540 


z.b.n 


D.b.r/80 


z.h.k 


Z.h.k/540 


zTbaq 


Gwei/175 


zTna 


Z.n.y/ 541 


z.k.r 


Z.k.r/541 


Z.I.I 


D. 1.1/108 


Z.n.y 


Z.n.y/ 541 


zobd 


Z.b.d/540 


zobdeh 


Z.b.d/540 


zunbur 


D.b.r/80 


zur 


Ghuel/166 



Aramaic 

A - T 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Aramaic 




K 




R 






Kak 4 


Kak 4/205 


rabb 


R.b.b/385 




A 


kenusta 


Kel 3/221 






A-gur-ru 
Agurru 


Agurru/ 7 
Agurru/ 7 


kittuna 

K.n.s 

K.n.s 


Kitu/238 
Kel 3/221 
Kel 3/221 


SalTba 


s 

Saliba/400 






kubnta 


Kupri ti/256 


sarwaina 






B 


kurkema 






Surmenu/458 


bambak 
Besma 
bucina 
Busma 


Pambak/351 
Busma/72 
Beu 2/48 
Busma/72 


lagTna 
lakan 


Kurkanu/257 

L 

Lignu/283 
Lignu/283 


satan 

seda 

surbTna 

susan 

Sypwr 


Sedu/406 
Sedu/406 
Surmenu/458 
Sosen/435 
Sypwr/4 63 




D 


laqna 


Lignu/283 




T 


dappa 

dm 

dup 


Dub/ 111 

Dinu/108 

Dub/ 111 


MagsTsa 


M 


tausa Tdkei/481 
Temar Temar/470 
turgemana 








Magsisa/289 




Ragamu/384 




G 


Maryam 


R.y.m/396 








Masgda 


Masgda/292 






Gag 


Kak 4/205 


medhmah Dlnu/108 






gubnta 


Kupri ti/256 

H 




N 








nafta 


Nabatu/317 






Habl 


Habl/ 18 9 
I 




P 








p-ila 


Yb/533 






Ibhray 


A* .b.r/4 


pTIa 


Yb/533 






israta 


Ster 1/449 
J 


pula 


Yb/533 

Q 






Jabra 
J.b.r 


J.b.r/200 
J.b.r/200 


qTra 


Kiru/238 







570 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Armenian 

B - X 

WORD Root/Page 



Armenian 



B 

ba Bhe/53 

biur Byurru/73 



catvar Kwetwer/265 
cec Kies/237 



jag 



lat 



Ghaido/141 



K 



kakgi 


Gogel/168 


kawsik 


Kafs/203 


Khac 


Khac/235 


kncirn 


Kung/255 


kord 


Gurdos/170 


kov 


Teub/478 


kund 


Kund/ 2 55 


kunt 


Kund/ 2 55 



Lek/2 79 



M 



maccum Mad/28 7 

mastu Mad/287 



N 



nran 
nurn 



Nor/ 34 
Nor/ 34 



talauar 



Xac2 
xord 



Tal/4 65 

X 

Khac/235 
Ksudros/252 



571 



Avestan 

A - A 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Avpstai 


a-fn-nami 


Apo/29 


aiwi-axsi 


Okw/343 


xn t V/kj^4* 




a-fn-nami 


Pri/377 


aiwi-fsan 


Ambhi/21 


A 


a-fritan 


Apo/29 




Fsan/135 


Jr^ 




afritan 


Pri/377 


aiwi-gaiti 


Gwa/1 73 


a 1 


Apo/29 


aga 


Agh/7 


aiwi-gnixta 


Ghen/157 


a- 2 


Ne 1/321 


a-gam 


Apo/29 


aiwi-grad-mahi 


a- 2 


Ne 1/321 


a-gam 


Gwa/1 72 




Gredh/1 69 


a-aiti 


Ei/118 


a-gand Gwhen 1/184 


aiwi-kand 


Ambhi/21 


ab 


Ap 2/28 


a-gara-yeiti 




Gwhen 1/184 


a-bereg 


Bhergh/62 




Ger 3/145 


aiwi-raocya 


abhi-cana 


Ak/13 


ago 


Agh/7 




Leuk/282 


abi 


Ambhi/21 


ah 


Ous 2/348 


aiwi-reg 


Ambhi/21 


abi-af 


Ap 2/28 


ahita 


Ahu/8 




Reg 1/387 


abi-ap 


Ap 2/28 


ahma 


Ne 2/322 


aiwi-ruc 


Ambhi/21 


abi-cana 


Ak/13 


ahmaka 


Ne 2/322 


aiwis 


Ambhi/21 


abi-dasta 


Ambhi/21 


ahmi 


Es 2/131 


aiwi-saoka 


Ambhi/21 




Ghesto/161 


ahra-manyu Ens/125 




Keuk 1/235 


adaiti 


Ed/ 117 


Ahu 


Ahu/8 


aiwi-sara 


Ambhi/21 


adam 


Eg/ 118 


ahu 


An 1/24 


aiwi-sara 


Ambhi/21 


a-dasta 


Ambhi/21 


ahura 


An 1/24 


aiwis-kar 


Ambhi/21 


adi-sta 


Sta/444 


ahura-mazdha 




Kwer/2 62 


adi-var 


Wei 1/509 




An 1/24 


aiwis-tap 


Ambhi/21 


a-dsta 


Ambhi/21 




Dhe 2/94 




Tep/4 73 




Ghesto/161 




Men 1/302 


aiwi-zavayeiti 


aeiti 


Ei/118 


ahva 


An 1/24 




Ambhi/21 


aesa 1 


Aik/10 


aibi 


Ambhi/21 




Geu 2/147 


aesa 2 


Oies/342 


aimya 


An 2/24 


aiz-ma 


Me 2/293 


aes-ma 


Eis 1/119 


aipi 


Epi/125 


ajras 


Ag/5 


aes-ma 


Eis 1/119 


aipi-areta 


Ar/31 


aka 


Ang/2 6 


aesmo 


Aidh/9 




Epi/125 


a-kand 


Apo/29 


aeta 


Ai/8 


airime 


Rem/ 3 90 


Gwhen 1/184 


aeta-vant 


I 2/194 


airiyava 


Al 1/15 


a-karana 


Ne 1/321 


aeva 


I 2/195 


airya-man 


Al 1/15 




Sker 1/424 


aeva 


I 2/195 


aiti 1 


Eti/132 


a-kasat 


Kwek/2 60 


aeva-dasa 


Dekm/84 


aiti 2 


Ei/118 


ama 


Ome/344 




I 2/195 


aiva 


I 2/195 


a-mar 


Mer 1/304 


aeva-data 


I 2/195 


aiva-ciy 


I 2/195 


a-marz 


Mel g/ 300 


aexa 


Eis 2/120 


aivaka 


I 2/195 


amasa 


Mer 2/305 


af 


Ap 2/28 


aiwi 


Ambhi/21 


a-maux-ta 


Meug/308 


afnah 


Op/ 34 4 


aiwi-axs 


Ambhi/21 


a-mayava 


Moudh/311 



572 



Avestan 

A - A 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


ama-yava 


Ome/344 


anuv 


An 3/25 


apiy 


Epi/125 


a-mereta 


Mer 2/305 


anya 


An 2/24 


api-zawar 


Geu 2/147 


a-muyamno Mew/309 


aoda 


Wed/ 4 97 


apo-had 


Sed/405 




Ne 1/321 


aog 


Wegwh/502 


ap-tab 


Tep/4 73 


an- 


Ne 1/321 


aogah 


Aueg/4 


a-puthra-tanu 


ana 


An 3/25 


aogeda 


Wegwh/502 




Pou/376 


an-ahita 


Ahu/8 


aoj 


Wegwh/502 




Ten 1/472 




Ne 1/321 


aojah 


Aueg/4 


ar 


Er 1/126 


an-aosa 


Ne 1/321 


aojaiti 


Wegwh/502 


a-rad 


Apo/29 




Ous 1/346 


aora 


Au 2/39 




Ar/31 


anda 


Andho/25 


aosta 


Ous 2/348 


aradra 


Ar/31 


ando 


Andho/25 


aostra 


Ous 2/348 


araeka 


Er 1/126 


ang 


Embhi/123 


aothra 


Wes 3/521 


a-raiti 1 


Apo/29 


angra 


Ens/125 


aox 


Wegwh/502 




Ar/31 


angra-manyu 


aoxia 


Wegwh/502 


a-raiti 2 


Rei 1/389 




Ens/125 


ap 


Ab 1/1 


aram 


Ar/32 




Men 1/301 




Ab 1/2 


arante 


Ar/32 


angu 


Embhi/123 


ap 1 


Ap 2/28 


aranu 


Er 1/126 


angu-paena 


ap2 


Apo/29 


a-ras- 


Ar/31 




Embhi/123 


apa 


Apo/29 


araska 


Eres 1/130 




Pei/355 


apa-dana 


Apo/29 


arata 


Ar/31 


angusta 


Ang/ 2 6 




Dhe 2/94 


arati 


Er 1/126 


anhu 


An 1/24 


apa-kava 


Geu 1/147 


a-raw 


Leu/280 


anhuyat-haca 


apama 


Apo/29 


a-raxsa 


Leuk/282 




An 1/24 


apa-namaiti 


arazi 


Orghi/345 


anku 


Ang/ 2 6 




Nem 2/329 


a red a 


Ere 1/127 


anra 


Ens/125 


Apank 


Apank/ 2 8 


aredha 


Ere 1/127 


anra-mainyu Ens/125 


apa-nyaka 


Nyaka/341 


arej 


Algwh/20 




Men 1/301 


a-part 


Apo/29 


arejah 


Algwh/20 


ans-ra 


Ens/125 




Per 3/366 


arejat-aspa Algwh/20 


ans-tha 


Ens/125 


apa-spar 


Apo/29 




Ekwos/121 


an-tar 


En/124 




Spher/44 


arem 


Ar/32 


antara 


En/124 


apatama 


Apo/29 


aresa 


Rk-tho/396 


antara-vayu 


apa-vasta 


Wes 3/521 


aresa-ama 




We 1/496 


ap-avaya 


Aw/43 




Rk-tho/396 


an-tare 


En/124 


apa-xsad-a Xsad/529 


areta 


Ar/31 


anu 


An 3/25 


apa-xsTra 


Ksiro/252 


arethna 


El 3 /122 


anu-i 


An 3/25 


apaya 


Epi/125 


ari 


Er 1/126 


an-usant 


Ne 1/321 


apayeiti 


Ap 2/28 


arika 


Er 1/126 




Wek/507 


ape 


Epi/125 


arsa-ama 


Ome/344 



573 



Avestan 

A - A 



WORD Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


arsan Eres 1/130 


asenga 


Ak/12 


asvan 


Ar/31 


arsan-aspa 




asi 


Okw/343 


a-sya 


Kweye/2 66 


Ekwos/121 


as-isto 


Isto/197 


asya 


Oku/343 


Eres 1/130 




Oku/343 


a-tara 


I 2/194 


arsti Eres 2/131 


as-man 


Ak/12 


atars 


Ater/37 


arsti-bara 






Men 1/301 


athagaina 


Ak/12 


Eres 2/131 


as-mana 


Ak/12 


athanga 


Ak/12 


arta 1 


Al 2/16 


asna 


Sed/405 


athangaina 


Ak/12 


arta2 


Ar/31 


asnaoiti 


Sed/405 


a-thax 


Ten 1/471 


arta-aran 


Ar/31 


asnaoti 


Neku/328 


athoya 


Atos/38 


arta-pa 


Ar/31 


aspa 


Ekwos/121 


athra 


Ater/37 


arta-vah-ista 


Ar/31 


aspa-asa 


Ed/ 117 


athur-pat-gan Pa/349 




Isto/197 




Ekwos/121 


athwya 


Atos/38 


arta-xsathra 


Ar/31 


aspa-bara 


Bher 1/58 


atra-saoka 




arta-xsatra 






Ekwos/121 




Keuk 1/235 


Ksei 1/248 


aspa-canah Ka 1/201 


at-zur 


I 2/194 


artha 


Er 1/126 


Aspadana 


Kwon/2 68 


auruma 


Er 1/126 


artha-vahista 




a-speren-ah 


aurusa 


El 2/122 




Su 1/456 




Spereg/438 


aurva 


Er 1/126 


a-ru-ta 


Leu/280 


a-sperez-ata 


aurvant 


Er 1/126 


arva 


Akwa/14 




Spereg/438 


aurvat-aspa 


arva 


Akwa/14 


as-ra 


Ens/125 




Ekwos/121 


as 1 


Ak/12 


asraka 


Akru/14 




Er 1/126 


asa 1 


Ed/ 117 


asru 


Akru/14 


ava 1 


Au 2/39 


asa 1 


Al 2/16 


ast 


Ost/346 


ava 2 


I 2/195 


asa 2 


Neku/328 


asta 1 


Ens/125 


a-vac 


Wekw/508 


asa 3 


Ar/31 


asta2 


Nes 1/332 


ava-hya 


So/433 


asa-gerd 


Sekw/410 


asta 3 


Okto/342 


ava-par 


Au 2/39 


asan 


Ak/12 


asta-dasa 


Okto/342 




Pel 1/359 




Ak/12 


astai 


Ens/125 


ava-pat 


Au 2/39 


asanam 


Ak/13 


asta-iti 


Dekm/84 




Pet 1/370 


asa-vah-ista 




astaiti 


Okto/342 


avara 


Au 2/39 




Isto/197 


a-stana 


Sta/444 


avara-sad 


Au 2/39 


asa-vahista 


Ar/31 


astati 


Okto/342 




Sed/405 




Su 1/456 


asti 


Es 2/131 


a-vare 


Apo/29 


asa-van 


Ar/31 


astra 1 


Ag/5 


a-vareta 


Wer 2/515 


asaya 


Skai/421 


astra 2 


Eres 2/131 


ava-stata 


Sta/444 


asaya 


Ag/5 


asu 


Oku/343 


avaya 


Aw/43 


asca 


Ost/346 


a-sur 


Keu 4/234 


a-vayeiti 


Aw/43 


ascu 


Ost/346 




Ne 1/321 


ava-zazami 












Ghe 1/151 



574 



Avestan 

A - B 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


avis 


Ous 1/346 


a-zata 1 


Gene 1/141 


bara-s-man Bhel/54 


avisiya 


Ous 1/346 


a-za-ta 2 




barasnav 


Bhel/54 


avo-xvarena 




Gwhen 2/185 


barazis 


Bhel/54 




Swel 1/4 61 


azda 


Me 2/294 


bares 


Bhergh/62 


avoya 


Wai/495 


azem 


Eg/ 118 


baresa 


Bhergh/62 


awa 


So/433 


azi 


Angwhi/2 7 


barez 


Bhel/54 


a warn 


So/433 


azi-dahako Angwhi/2 7 


bars 


Bhergh/62 


awar 


Nebh/323 


a-zTra 


Gwei/175 


barz-ahva 


An 1/24 


awis-mar 


Mer 2/305 


azutay 


Gheu 1/162 




Bhergh/62 


awra 


Nebh/323 






barzman 


Bhergh/62 


awrem 


Nebh/323 




B 


basta 


Bhendh/57 


a-xsae-na 






baud-a 


Bheudh/65 




Ksei 2/249 


ba 


Bha 1/49 


bav 


Bheu 3/64 




Ne 1/321 




Bhe/53 


bawraini 


Bher 4/60 


a-xsaub-a 




badra 


Bhad/50 


bawri 


Bher 4/60 




Kseubh/250 


baesaza 


Bha 2/50 


baxadra 


Bhag/51 


axsi 


Okw/343 


baevar 


Byurru/73 


bax-ta 


Bhag/51 


a-x-sta 


Sta/444 


baevare 


Byurru/73 


baxto-datc 


Bhag/51 


axstT 


Sta/444 


baevare- 


aspa 


bay 


Bhoi/67 


a-xsuf-ta 


Kseubh/250 




Ekwos/121 


bazah 


Bhengh/58 


axva 


An 1/24 


baga 


Bhag/51 


bazau 


Bhaghu /52 


a-xvasta 


Svas/459 


baga 


Bhag/52 


Bazda 


Bazda/ 47 


ay 


Ai w/1 1 


baga 


Bhag/51 


bazu 


Bhaghu /52 


aya 


Leu/280 


baga-dugdar Bhag/51 


be 


Bhe/53 


ayah 


Aios/10 


baga-dugdar 


bet 


Bhe/53 


ayanh 


Aios/10 




Dheugh/101 


bereg 


Bhergh/62 


aya re 


Ayer/44 


baga-puthra Bhag/51 


Berenza 


Berenza/ 4 7 


ayo 


Aios/10 




Pou/376 


berez 1 


Bhergh/62 


ayu 


Ai w/1 1 


bama 


Bha 1/49 


berez 2 


Mregu/312 


az 


Ag/5 


bamya 


Bha 1/49 


berezant 


Bhergh/62 


a-za 


Ghe 1/151 


ban 


Bhen/56 


berez-caxra 


azaehe 


Angh/27 


banay 


Bhen/56 




Mregu/312 


azaiti 


Ag/5 


banda 


Bhendh/57 


berezi 


Bhergh/62 


a-zar 


Gher 1/158 


banta 


Bhen/56 


berezra 


Bhergh/62 


azara 


Gher 1/158 


baodhi 


Bheudh/65 


bhayaka 


Bhoi/67 


a-zarema 


-dugeda 


baog 


Bheug/65 


bis 


Dwo/115 




Ger 2/144 


baoidi 


Bheudh/65 


bisazka 


Bha 2/50 




Ne 1/321 


baoxtar 


Bheug/65 


bowra 


Bher 4/60 




Dheugh/101 


bar 


Bher 1/58 


bra-tar 


Ter 3/475 


a-zasta 


Gwhedh/182 


baraiti 


Bher 1/58 


bratar 


Bher 1/59 



575 



Avestan 

B - D 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


bray 


Bher 3/60 


car 


Kwel/2 60 


da 3 


Dheye/102 


braz 


Bhereg/61 


cara 


Kwer/2 63 


da 4 


Do 2/109 


brTzi 


Urigh/490 


careman 


Sek/408 


-da 5 


De 2/80 


brvat 


Bhru 1/67 


Carya 


Cirya/76 


da-dhmainya Dhem/97 


bucahin 


Beu 1/48 


cas 


Kwek/2 60 


daeman 


Dheye/102 


buiti 


Bheu 3/64 


cas 


Kwek/2 60 


daena 


Dheye/102 


buiti daevo 


casman 


Kwek/2 60 


daenu 


Dhe 1 /93 




Bheu 3/64 


cat 


Gwhen 1/183 


daes 


Deik/82 


buiti-kata 


Bheu 3/64 


catvare-sat Dekm/84 


daev 


Dei/81 




Ket/232 


catwarao 




daevoh 


Dei/81 


bum? 


Bheu 3/64 




Kwetwer/265 


daeza 


Dheigh/96 


bumT-mathan 


caxra 


Kwel/2 60 


daga 


Dhogh/104 




Bheu 3/64 


caxra 


Kwel/2 60 


dagah 


Dhogh/104 


buna 


Bhun/68 


cay 


Kwei 2/259 


dahyu 


Dhis/103 


bunja 


Bheug/65 


caya 


Skai/421 


dai 


Dheye/102 


buno 


Bhun/68 


cayeiti 


Kwei 2/259 


dainhu 


Dhis/103 


busyant 


Bheu 3/64 


cec 


Kwo/2 67 


dais 


Dheye/102 


busyeity 


Bheu 3/64 


cevTsT 


Keu 3/233 


daitika 


Denk/87 


buta 


Bheu 3/64 


chvant 


Kwo/2 67 


daivis 


Da 1/78 


buxti 


Beu 1/48 


cT1 


Kwei 2/259 


dam 


Dhem/97 


buza 


Bhugo/68 


cT2 


Kwo/2 67 


daman 1 


Dema/87 


buza 


Bhugo/68 


cinah 


Ka 1/201 


daman 2 


Dhe 2/94 






cinman 


Ka 1/201 


dan 


Gno/168 




c 


cinvaiti 


Kwei 2/259 


dana 


Gno/168 




Cirya 


Cirya/76 


Danavo 


Da 2/79 


c- 


Kwo/2 67 


Cirya 


Cirya/76 


danaxe 


Dhe 1 /93 


ca 


Kwe/258 


cis2 


Kwo/2 67 


dano 


Dhe 1 /93 


ca 


Kwe/258 


cis-ca 1 


Kwe/258 


danta 


Denk/87 


cagad 


Kak 1/204 


cis-ca 2 


Kwo/2 67 


danu 


Da 2/79 


cageman 


Kak 1/204 


cisti 


Kwei 1/259 


danuva 


Da 2/79 


cagvah 


Kak 1/204 


cit 


Kwo/2 67 


daos 


Dous/110 


ca-hya 


Kwo/2 67 


cit 1 


Kwe/258 


daos-ahva 


An 1/24 


Cairya 


Cirya/76 


citha 


Kwei 1/259 




Dus/113 


caiti 


Kwo/2 67 


citra 


Skai/421 


dao-satara 


Deu 1/92 


cakra 


Kwel/2 60 


cu 


Kwo/2 67 


dar 1 


Der 1/89 


cakus 


Keku/219 






dar2 


Dher 1/98 


cana 


Ak/13 




D 


daraga 


Del/86 


canah 


Ka 1/201 




daraga 


Del/86 


cang 


Keg/ 21 7 


da 1 


Dhe 2/94 


darayat-vahu 


car 


Kwel/2 60 


da 2 


Dhe 2/94 




Su 1/456 



57( 



Avestan 

D - D 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


daraya-vaus 


derezda 


Deru 1 /91 


dus-daena 


Dus/ 113 




Su 1/456 


dhana 


Dhe 2/94 


dus-haem 


Dus/ 113 


darena 


Der 1/89 


dT 


Dheye/102 


dus-kareta 


Dus/ 113 


dareta 


Der 1/89 


dim 


De 2/80 


dus-manah 


Dus/ 113 


dars 


Dhars/93 


dit 


De 2/80 




Men 1/301 


darsam 


Dhars/93 


dr 


Dher 1/98 


dus-nama 


Dus/ 113 


darug 


Deru 1 /91 


drafsa 


Der 1/89 


dus-naman 


Nomn/34 


dasa 


Dekm/84 


drafsa 


Ksei 2/249 


dus-pithwa 


Dus/ 113 


dasina 


Dek/83 


drafso 


Der 1/89 




Pel/355 


dasta 


Ghesto/161 


dragvant 




dus-uxta 


Dus/ 113 


dasta-karta 




Dhreugh/1 05 




Wegwh/502 




Ghesto/161 


drajah 


Del/86 


dus-vare 


Bher 1/58 


data 1 


Dhe 2/94 


drang 


Del/86 


dus-vare 


Dus/ 113 


data 2 


Do 2/109 


draoga 


Dhreugh/1 05 


dus-xv-athra Dus/ 11 3 


data 3 


Dhe 2/94 


draonah 


Der 2 /90 


dus-yata 


Dus/ 113 


datar 


Do 2/109 


drauga 


Dhreugh/1 05 


duva 


Dwo/115 


dathra 


Do 2/109 


draxta 


Deru 1 /91 


duva-dasa 


Dwo/115 


dathus 


Do 2/109 


dregu 


Dregh/110 


duva-ista 


Deu 2/92 


dato 


Dhe 2/94 


drigu 


Dregh/110 




Isto/197 


dato-vare 


Dhe 2/94 


driwi 1 


Dher 2/99 


duvara 


Dhwer/106 


dauru 


Deru 1 /91 


driwi 2 


Dregh/110 


duvitya-kara Dwo/115 


dausa 


Deu 1/92 


dru 


Deru 1 /91 


duye-saite 


Dekm/85 


daus-sravah 


druw-ista 




duz 


Dus/ 113 




Kleu 1/240 




Deru 1 /91 


duz-aka 


Ang/26 


daustar 


Geus/148 




Isto/197 




Dus/ 113 


dav 1 


Dheu 2/100 


drva 


Deru 1 /91 


duz-athra 


Dus/ 113 


dav2 


Dheu 3 /1 01 


drva-asti 


Deru 1 /91 


duz-axva 


Dus/ 113 


daw 


Dheu 1/99 


drvant 


Dhreugh/1 05 


duzdao 


Dus/ 113 


daxma 


Dhogh/104 


du 


Dheu 3 /101 


duz-ita 


Ei/118 


daxs 1 


Dek/83 


dug-dar 


Ter 3/475 


dva 


Dwo/115 


daxs 2 


Dhogh/104 


dugdar 


Dheugh/101 


dvaes 


Dwei/114 


daxsa 


Dhogh/104 


dugeda 


Dheugh/101 


dvaetha 


Dwei/114 


daxsta 


Dek/83 


duma 


Dumb/ 112 


dvaidi 1 i 


Dheu 2/100 


day 


Dheye/102 


dura 


Deu 2/92 


dvaidi 2 j 


Dheu 2/100 


dega-var£ 


i Wer 3/516 


durae 


Deu 2/92 


dvar 


Dhwer/106 


demana 


Dem/86 


durat 


Deu 2/92 


dve-sate 


Dekm/85 


dereta 


Der 1/89 


dus 


Dus/ 113 




Dwo/115 


dereto 


Der 1/89 


dus-athra 


Eter/132 






dereza 


Dher 1/98 


dus-cithra Dus/ 113 






dereza-man 


dus-citra 


Dus/ 11 3 








Men 1/301 











577 



Avestan 

E - G 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



E 



-emo 

eredva 

eregant 

erezata 

erezi 

erezu 



Emos/123 

Ered/128 

Er 1/127 

Arg/34 

Orghi/345 

Reg 1/387 



ara-mana Per 1/363 
arnah Sawel/402 

arnavant Sawel/402 
ar-thang Ten 1/471 
ra 1 Pel 1/359 

ra 1 Pel 1/359 

ra2 Per 1/363 

ra-ais Per 1/363 

Sta/444 
ra-a-marz Mel g/ 300 

Per 1/363 
ra-a-mus Mer 3/306 
ra-data Per 1/363 
ra-daxsana 

Dhogh/104 
ra-daxs-tar Dek/83 
ra-esta Pel 1/359 
raesta Per 1/363 
Sta/444 
ra-gauzayanta 

Gheugh/1 63 
ra-ista Is to/ 197 

ra-jama Gwa/l 72 

Per 1/363 
ra-kaes Kwei 2/259 
: ra-kava Geu 1/147 
ra-kosaiti Kau/215 
ra-manyente 

Men 3/303 



: ra-muxti Meug/308 
Meuk/309 
ra-namaiti 

Nem 2/329 
ra-nas Neku/328 

ra-nay Nei 2/326 
rank Per 1/363 

ra-pithwa Pel/355 
ra-ptarazat 

Pet 1/370 
ra-rathni El 3 /122 
ras Perk 1 /368 

rasa Perk 1 /368 
ra-saekam 

Seiku/407 
ra-sanam Sek/4 08 
ra-scimbana 

Skabh/420 
rasna Perk 1 /368 
ra-sparega 

Spereg/438 
ra-sta Per 1/363 

ra-sta Sta/444 

ra-sute Kei 2/218 
rathah Pele/361 

ra-thang Per 1/363 
ra-vahr Wer 3/516 
ra-var Per 1/363 

Wer 3/516 
ra-varna Wer 3/516 
ra-var-tinam 

Wer 3/516 
ra-var-tinam 

Per 1/363 

ravasi Wer 3/516 

ra-vaxs Per 1/363 

Wekw/508 

ra-yah Pel 1/359 

Yah 5/531 
ra-zaintis 

Gene 1/141 



fra-zazami Ghe 1/151 

Fsan Fsan/135 

fsarema Kormo/243 

fstana Pesteno/369 

fsu Pek/357 

fsu-pait Pek/357 

fsu-paiti Pa/349 



ga 1 Gel/138 

ga2 Gweie/176 

ga 3 Gwou/187 

gad Gwhedh/182 

gaesa Ghait/149 

gaesu Ghait/149 

gaetha Gwei/175 

gaetha-nam Gwei/175 
gainti Gwedh/1 74 

gairi Gwer 4/181 

gaitha Gwei/175 

gam Gwa/l 72 

gama Gwa/l 72 

gaman Gwa/l 72 

gamo Gweie/176 

gan 1 Gwhen 1/183 

Gwhen 1/184 
gan 2 Gwiien 2/2 85 
gantay Gwedh/1 74 
ganti Gwedh/1 74 

Gantuma 

Gantuma/137 
gao Gwou/2 8 7 

gao-dana Dhe 2/94 
Gwou/187 
gao-di Dhe 2/94 

Gwou/187 
gaona Geu 1/14 6 

gaosa Ous 2/34 7 

gaosaka Geu 1/14 6 



57S 



Avestan 

G - H 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Roo 


b/Page 


gaosa-vare 


gaz 


Gwhen 2/185 


Haem 


Ha 


em/189 




Bher 1/58 


gemmons 


Gwa/1 73 


haetu 


Se 


1/404 




Ous 1/347 


gemton 


Gwa/1 73 


haithya 


Es 


2/131 


gao-spenta Gwou/187 


gena 


Gwen 1/178 


haiz 


Suig/457 




Kwen 1/261 


gerew-ait 




ha-karat 


Sem 


1/411 


gaoz 


Gheugh/1 63 




Ghrebh/1 64 


ha-keret 


Sek/408 


gar 1 


Ger 3/145 


gerewn-a 


iti 


ham 1 


Sem 


1/411 


gar 2 


Gwer 2/179 




Ghrebh/1 64 


ham 2 


Sem 


2/413 


gar 3 


Gwer 3/180 


gerezdi 


Gredh/1 69 


hama 1 


Sem 


1/411 


garah 


Gwer 3/180 


ges 


Ghait/149 


hama 2 


Sem 


2/413 


garb-ayaiti 


gesuk 


Ghait/149 


hama-baga Bhag/51 




Ghrebh/1 64 


gimsenin 


Gwa/1 73 


hama-baga 




gard 


Gwer 2/179 


gna 


Gwen 1/178 




Sem 


1/411 


garebus 


Gwelbh/177 


gnixta 


Ghen/157 


hamaestar 


Smei 


t/430 


garema 


Gwher/186 


goh 


Gwou/187 


ham-ara 


Er 


1/126 


Garenu 


Garenu/ '137 


gop 


Gwou/187 


ham-aranu 


Er 


1/126 


garewa 


Gwelbh/177 


gouru 


Gwer 1/178 


ham-aratha Er 


1/126 


garez 


Gal/ 13 6 


gra 


Gredh/1 69 


ha-mazan 






garo-demana Dem/86 


grab 


Ghrebh/1 64 




Magh 


2/289 




Gwer 2/179 


grad 


Gwer 2/179 






So/433 


garo-gar 


Gwer 2/179 


gram 


Ghrem/1 64 


ham-basta 


Bher 


idh/57 


gas 


Gwhen 2/185 


grd 


Gwer 2/179 


ham-cay 


Kwei 


2/259 


gat 


Gwa/1 72 


grTva 


Gwer 3/180 


ham-ci 


Kwei 


2/259 


gata 


Gei/138 


grTva-pan 


Gwer 3/180 


ham-dais-a 




gathu 


Gwa/1 72 


grnati 


Gwer 2/179 




Dheye/102 


gatu-bar 


Gwa/1 72 


gunda 


Geu 1/14 6 


ham-du Dheu 


3 /101 


gatu-bara 


Bher 1/58 


gutha 


Gwou/187 


hamista 


Smei 


t/430 


gatus 


Gwa/1 72 


guz 


Gheugh/1 63 


ham-mana 






gauru-ayeiti 








Men 


1/301 




Ghrebh/1 64 




H 




Sem 


1/411 


gaus 


Gwou/187 




hamo-gaona 




gav 


Gwa/1 72 


ha 1 


Se 1/404 




Geu 


1/146 


gavam 


Gwou/187 


ha 2 


So/433 




Sem 


1/411 


gavasna 


Guysna/1 71 


haca 


Sekw/410 


ham-par 


Pel 


1/359 


gave 


Gwou/187 


haca-ada 


ri En/124 




Sem 


1/411 


gavo 


Gwou/187 


haca-ada 


ri Sekw/410 


ham-tac 


Teku 


1/468 


gayo-maretan 


had 


Sed/405 


ham-tak 


Teku 


1/468 




Gwei/175 


hadis 


Sed/405 


ham-tax 


Sem 


1/411 


gayo-mereta 


haek 1 


Leigh 2/277 


hana 


Sen 


1/413 




Mer 2/305 


haek2 


Seiku/407 


hana 


Sen 


1/413 



575 



Avestan 

H - H 



WORD Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


hanare Sen 2/414 


harz 


Selg/411 


hend 


Sy and/ 463 


hanc Ten 1/471 


hasa-kerta 


Kwer/2 62 


hendT 


Sy and/ 463 


han-dama Dhe 2/94 




Sekw/410 


herezaiti 


Selg/411 


Sem 1/411 


hasi 


Sekw/410 


hezum 


Aidh/9 


han-dareza 


hastra 


Sed/405 


hicaiti 


Seiku/407 


Dher 1/98 


hat 


Es 2/131 


hincaiti 


Seiku/407 


Sem 1/412 


hathra 


Se 2/404 


hinu 


Se 1/404 


han-davatha 


hati 


Se 2/404 


his-mar-aiti 


Sem 1/412 


hau 1 


Seu 2/418 




Mer 1/304 


han-davathe 


hau2 


So/433 


hixra 


Seiku/407 


Dheu 2/100 


haurva 1 


Sol/434 


hizu 


Dinghw/107 


han-du Dheu 3 /101 


haurva 2 


Ser 2/416 


hizva 


Dinghw/107 


Sem 1/412 


haurvaiti 


Ser 2/416 


ho 


So/433 


han-gama Gwa/l 72 


haurvatat 


Sol/434 


hu 1 


Su 1/454 


han-gama Sem 1/412 


haus 


Saus/401 


hu2 


Su 2/457 


han-gmatana 


haus-a 


Saus/401 


hu-apah 


Op/ 34 4 


Sem 1/412 


hauv 


So/433 




Su 1/454 


han-jama Gwa/l 72 


hav 


Seu 3/418 


hu-badra 


Bhad/50 


Sem 1/412 


hava 


Seu 1/417 


hu-citra 


Skai/421 


han-jamana Gwa/l 72 


Havana 


Havana/189 




Su 1/454 


Sem 1/412 


hava-rd 


Leudh/281 


hufsa 


Swep/4 62 


han-kar Kwer/2 62 




Su 1/454 


hu-jasta 


Gwhedh/182 


Sem 1/411 


havayan 


Seu 4/418 




Su 1/454 


han-kareyemi 


havayeiti 


Seu 4/418 


hu-jyati 


Gwei/175 


Kwer/2 62 


hav-sivanga 


hu-kehrpta Sek/409 


han-keretha 




Su 1/454 


hu-man 


Men 1/301 


Kwer/2 62 


haxa-manah 


hu-mana 


Su 1/454 


hant Es 2/131 




Men 1/301 


hu-maya 


Su 1/454 


han-vaeg Sem 1/412 


haxa-manis Sekw/410 


hunami 


Seu 3/418 


haoma Seu 2/418 


haxay 


Sekw/410 


hu-nara 


Ner 1/331 


hao-syangh Su 1/454 


haxs 


Suig/457 




Su 1/454 


hapta Septm/414 


haxti 


Skeng/423 


hu-ni-vak 


Wekw/508 


hapta-dasa 


hay 


Se 1/404 


hu-nivak 


Su 1/454 


Septm/414 


Haya 


Haem/189 


hunus 


Seu 3/418 


hapta-iti Dekm/84 


haz 


Segh/406 


hu-parathwa 


haptaiti Septm/414 


hazah 


Segh/406 




Per 2/365 


hara Ser 3/416 


hazangra 


Gheslo/161 




Su 1/454 


haraiti Ser 2/416 


hazanrem 




hu-rama 


Rem/ 3 90 


haraiva Ser 1/414 




Gheslo/161 




Su 1/454 


hareva Ser 1/414 


hd 


Sed/405 


huska 


Saus/401 



580 



Avestan 

H - K 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


hu-snuta 


Kes 2/231 


it 


I 2/194 


kaf 


Sek/408 




Su 1/454 


itha 


I 2/194 


Kafa 


Kafa/202 


hu-srav 


Kleu 1/240 


ithyajah 


Tiegu/479 


kahrka-asa 




Su 1/454 


ithyejah 


Tiegu/479 




Ker 3/22 7 


hu-ux-tay 


Wekw/508 


-iti 


Dekm/84 


kahrkatat 


Ker 3/22 7 


hu-vaeda 


Su 1/454 


itta 


I 2/194 


Kahrpu 


Kahrpu/204 




We id/504 


iyam 


I 2/194 


ka-hya 


Kwo/2 67 


huvarazm' 


s 


iza 


Aig-/9 


kaimya 


Ken/224 




Ghdhem/150 


izaenem 


Aig-/9 


kaine 


Ken/224 




Su 1/455 






kain-ika 


Ken/224 


hu-xerpa 


Su 2/457 




J 


kainTn 


Ken/224 


hu-xerpta 


Sek/409 




kakus 


Keku/219 


hu-xsnuta 


Kes 2/231 


jafra 


Gwebh 1/174 


kam 1 


Kwo/2 67 


hva 


Seu 1/417 


jaiti 


Ei/119 


kam2 


Ka 1/201 


hv-apah 


Op/ 34 4 


jam 


Gwa/1 72 


kama 


Ka 1/201 


hvare 


Sawel/402 


jama 


Geme/140 


kamara 


Kam 2/207 


hvare-asan 


jamana 


Gwa/1 72 


kam-cit 


Kwo/2 67 




Sawel/402 


jam-asps 


Ekwos/121 


kamna 


Kamma/208 


hvarenah 


Sawel/402 


jan 


Gwhen 2/185 


kamno 


Kamma/208 


hva re-varan 


jani 


Gwen 1/178 


kan 1 


Gwhen 1/183 




Sawel/402 


jantu 


Gwa/1 72 




Gwhen 1/184 


hvare-xsaeta 


jar 


Ei/119 


kan2 


Ken/224 




Ksei 2/249 


jaraiti 


Gwer 3/180 


kan-ya 


Ken/224 




Sawel/402 


jatara 


Gwhen 2/185 


kaofa 


Geu 1/147 


hvo-Tsta 


Sta/444 


jathra 


Gwhen 2/185 


kar 1 


Kwer/2 62 


hya 


So/433 


jTta 


Gwei/175 


kar2 


Kwei/ 2 60 






jiva 


Gwei/175 


kara 1 


Kwer/2 62 


T 


jva 


Gwei/175 


kara2 


Skwalo/428 


_ 








kara-manah 


im 


I 2/194 




K 




Kwer/2 62 


imam 


I 2/194 






Men 1/301 


iris-ta 


Leith/278 


ka 1 


Kwo/2 67 


Karana 


Sker 1/424 


Ts 


Aik/10 


ka2 


Ka 1/201 


karaya 


Kwei/ 2 60 


isav 


Eis 2/120 


ka3 


Kwo/2 67 


karem 


Wer 2/515 


Tse 


Aik/10 


ka-da 


De 2/80 


kareman 


Sek/408 


ista 


Isto/197 




Kwo/2 67 


karena_osa Sek/4 08 


Tsti 


Aik/10 


kaena 


Kwei 1/259 


kars 


Kenk 1/224 


istya 


Aidh/9 


kaes 


Kwei 2/259 


karsa 


Kwei/ 2 60 


Tsvan 


Aik/10 


kaes 


Kwei 2/259 


karsi-ptan 


Oku/343 


isvan 


Aik/10 


kaf 


Sek/408 




Pet 1/370 



581 



Avestan 

K - M 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Karsvar 




ko 


Kwo/2 67 


magus 


Maghl/288 




Karsvar / '214 


kos 


Kau/215 


magus 


Maghl/288 


kas 


Kak 3/205 


krta 


Kwer/2 62 


man 


Me 2/293 


kas 


Kwek/2 60 


ku 


Kut/258 


mahrka 


Mer 2/305 


kasa 


Kenk 1/224 


ku 1 


Kwo/2 67 


man-tab 


Me 2/293 


kas-ista 


Isto/197 


kusra 


Skeu 2/425 




Tep/4 73 




Kak 3/205 


kutaka 


Kut/258 


mahya 


Me 2/293 


kasu 


Kak 3/205 


ku-thra 


Kwo/2 67 


maidyana Medhyo/295 


kas-yah 


Kak 3/205 


kva 


Kut/258 


mainyu 


Men 1/301 




Yah 5/531 


kvataka 


Kut/258 


mainyus 


Men 1/302 


Kasyapa 








mairya 


Mel 2/299 




Kasyapa/ '214 




L 


maiti 


Men 1/301 


kat 


Kwo/2 67 




maiy 


Eg/ 118 


kata 


Ket/232 


leis 


Leigh 1/276 


-man 1 


Men 1/301 


katama 


Kwo/2 67 


lupis 


Wei 2/511 


man 2 


Men 2/303 


katara 


Kwo/2 67 






man 3 


Dem/86 


ka-tha 


De 2/80 




M 


mana 1 


Eg/ 118 




Kwo/2 67 




manah 


Men 1/301 


katha 


Kwei 1/259 


ma 1 


Me 2/293 


manaothri 


Men 3/303 


kau-kusati Kau/215 


ma 2 


Me 1/292 


ma[n]dz-dha 


kaurva 


Kelewo/223 


mad 


Mad/28 7 




Dhe 2/94 


kaurvo 


Kur/257 


mada 


Mad/28 7 




Men 1/302 


kautaka 


Kut/258 


madha 


Medhu/294 


mant 1 


Menth/304 


kava 


Geu 1/147 


Madhaxs 


i 


mant 2 


Menth/304 


kava-usan Keu 3/233 




Madhaxa/287 


manu 


Men 1/302 


kavi 


Keu 3/233 


madhu 


Medhu/294 


manus 


Men 1/302 


kay 1 


Kwei 1/259 


Madika 


Madhaxa/287 


manus-citra 


kay2 


Kwei 2/259 


maeg 


Maghl/288 




Men 1/302 


kerefs 


Kwer/2 63 


maeni 


Mei 3/297 




Skai/421 


keresa 


Kerk/230 


maesa 


Moiso/310 


maoc 


Meuk/309 


keresa-aspa 


maesT 


Moiso/310 


maoin 


Morwi/311 




Ekwos/121 


maet 


Meit/299 


mar 1 


Mer 1/304 




Kerk/230 


maeth 


Smeit/430 


mar 2 


Mer 2/305 


keresa-vazda 


maethanam Meit/299 


mar-aiti 


Mer 1/304 




Kerk/230 


maethman Meit/299 


marathyu 


Mer 2/305 


kereta 


Sek/408 


maez 


Meig/298 


maraxs 


Mer 2/305 


kerma 


Wer 2/515 


Maga 


Maga/ 287 


marazu 


Mregu/312 


kermi 


Wer 2/515 


magava 


Maghos/289 


mard 


Mel g/ 300 


Kharpuna 




magna 


Bunai/72 


mardta 


Mer 2/305 




Kahrpu/204 


magna 


Nogw/339 


ma red 


Mer 2/305 



582 



Avestan 

M - N 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Marega 


Marega/291 




Meg/295 


nafah 


Nobh/337 


marencaiti 




maz-yah 


Meg/295 


naf 6 


Nobh/337 




Mer 2/305 




Yah 5/531 


nan 


Nas/ 320 


mareta 


Mer 2/305 


megan 


Maghl/288 


naham 


Nas/ 320 


marez 


Mel g/ 300 


Merega 


Merega/306 


naire-manaw 


marz 


Mel g/ 300 


mereza 


Merg/307 




Men 1/301 


mas 


Mak/290 


merezu 


Mregu/312 




Ner 1/331 


masa 


Mer 2/305 


merezu-jTta 


nairT 


Ner 1/331 


masah 


Mak/290 




Gwei/175 


nairya 


Ner 1/331 


mas-ista 


Isto/197 


merezu-jTt 




nairyava 


Ner 1/331 




Mak/290 




Mregu/312 


naiy 


Ne 1/321 


masya 1 


Mad/28 7 


minasti 


Meig/298 


nam 


Nem 2/329 


mas-ya 2 


Mak/290 


minu 


Men 3/303 


nama 


Nomn/34 




Yah 5/531 


mithahya 


Mei 3/297 


namaiti 


Nem 2/329 


mas-yah 


Mak/290 


mitho 


Mei 3/297 


naman 


Nomn/34 




Yah 5/531 


mithra 


Mei 4/297 


Namra 


Namra/ 318 


ma-tar 


Ter 3/475 


mithwara 


Mei 3/297 


namra-vaxs 


matar 


Ma/286 


mivamahi 


Mew/ 30 9 




Namra/ 318 


math-ista 


Isto/197 


mTzda 


Mizdho/310 


napa 


Nepot/330 




Mak/290 


mTzda-vare 


napat 


Nepot/330 


mathi-yah 


Meg/295 




Mizdho/310 


napta 


Nebh/323 




Yah 5/531 


mnti 


Men 3/303 


naptis 


Nepot/330 


mathra 


Men 1/301 


moghu 


Maghl/288 


nar 


Ner 1/331 


mathro 


Men 1/301 


moneutro 


Men 3/303 


nard 


Neu/333 


mati 


Men 3/303 


morandat 


Mer 2/305 


nas 


Neku/328 


ma-tya 


Me 1/292 


moy 


Moudh/311 


nas 1 


Nek 1/327 


maxsi 


Mako/290 


mrz 


Mel g/ 300 


nas 2 


Neku/328 


mayazda 


Mei 1/296 


mus 


Mer 3/306 


nasaiti 


Neku/328 


maz 


Meg/295 


musti 


Meuk/309 


nasayeti 


Nek 1/327 


mazah 


Meg/295 


muthra 


Meu 1/308 


nashta 


Nek 1/327 


mazan 


Meg/295 






naska 


Naks/318 


mazant 


Meg/295 


N 




Ned/ 32 4 


Mazaxa 




j 




nasu 


Nek 1/327 


Madhaxa/287 


na 1 


Ne 1/321 


nasu-paka 


Nek 1/327 


mazda-yasna 


na2 


Ne 2/322 




Pekw/358 




Men 1/302 


nab 


Nebh/323 


nau 


Na 1/316 




Yag/531 


Naema 


Naema/ 31 7 


nauma 


Newn/333 


mazdha 


Men 1/302 


Naeza 


Naeza/ 31 8 


nava 1 


Newn/333 


mazga 


Mozgo/312 


naf 


Nobh/337 


nava 2 


Newo/334 


maz-ista 


Isto/197 


nafa 


Nobh/337 


nava-dasa 


Dekm/84 



583 



Avestan 

N - P 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



Newn/333 
nava-iti Dekm/84 

navaiti Newn/333 

nava-pixem Piko/372 
nav-dan Da 2/79 

Na 1/316 
naviya Na 1/316 

nay Nei 2/326 

nayeiti Nei 2/326 

nazd-ista lsto/197 
nazd-Tsta Sed/4 05 

nazdista Sed/4 05 

nazdyo Sed/4 05 

nemadhka Nebh/323 
nemah 1 Nem 1/329 
nemah 2 Nem 2/329 
nemata 1 Nem 2/329 
Nemata 2 

Nemata 2/329 
ni 1 Ni 1/335 

nT2 Nei 2/326 

ni 3 Ne 1/321 

ni-az Angh/2 7 

Ni 1/335 
ni-da Dhe 2/94 

Ni 1/335 
ni-gama Gwa/1 72 

ni-gama Ni 1/335 

nT-gaona Geu 1/14 6 

Ni 1/335 
ni-gaosa Ni 1/335 
Ous 1/347 
ni-gar Gwel 1/176 
ni-gerepta Ni 1/335 
ni-gerepto 

Ghrebh/1 64 
ni-gop Gwou/187 

ni-gra-ire Gwel 1/176 
ni-had Ni 1/335 

nij Nis/336 



ni-jama Gwa/1 73 

ni-jan Ni 1/335 

ni-kasa Kwek/2 60 

Ni 1/335 
ni-ma Me 2/293 

Ni 1/335 
Nimata 

Nemata 2/329 
ni-paidhya Ni 1/335 
ni-pais Ni 1/335 

Peig/356 
ni-part Ni 1/335 

Per 3/366 
nis Nis/336 

ni-sadaiti Sed/405 

ni-sasti Sed/405 

nis-bar Nis/336 

ms-dar Der 1/89 

ni-shidhaiti Ni 1/335 
ni-us-tavah Ne 1/321 
Teu 1/477 

Ud 1/486 
ni-vak Wekw/508 

ni-vart Ni 1/335 

Wer 2/514 
ni-xsvaepa Ksip/251 
Ni 1/335 
ni-yastaya Ni 1/335 
ni-zati Gene 1/141 
nmana Dem/86 

n6it-zT Ki 2/237 

nu Newo/334 

nurem Newo/334 

Nyaka Nyaka/341 

Nyaka Nyaka/341 



o 



pa 1 

pac 

pacaiti 

pad 

pad 

pada 

padataka 

padha 

padika 



Pa/349 
Pekw/358 
Pekw/358 
Ped/353 
Ped/353 
Ped/353 
Ped/353 
Ped/353 
Ped/353 



oithara 



Wi/52^. 



paeman Pei/355 

paes Peig/356 

paes Peig/356 

paesah Peig/356 

pairi Per 1/363 

pairi-aojastara 

Aueg/4 
pairi-cayeiti 

Per 1/363 
pairi-cayeti 

Kwei 2/259 
pairi-daeza 

Dheigh/96 

Per 1/363 
pairika Parika/351 
pairi-kara Kwer/2 62 

Per 1/363 
pairi-sta Per 1/363 
pairi-tak Teku 1/4 68 
pairi-vara Per 1/363 

Wer 3/516 
pairi-vaz Per 1/363 
pairi-vaza Wegh/501 
pairi-xaezanuha 

Suig/457 
paiti 1 Pa/349 

paiti 2 Per 3/366 

paitT 3 Per 3/366 

paiti-ar Per 3/367 
paiti-band Bhendh/57 



584 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Avestan 

p - p 

Root/Page 



Per 3/366 
paiti-dahisn 

Per 3/366 
paiti-dama Dhe 2/94 
Pa/349 
paiti-frasna 

Perk 1 /368 
paiti-gama Gwa/1 72 

Per 3/366 
paiti-gar Gwer 2/179 

Per 3/366 
paiti-grab Ghrebh/164 

Per 3/367 
paiti-jathra 

Gwhen 2/185 

Per 3/367 
paiti-kan 

Gwhen 1/184 

Per 3/366 
paiti-kara Kwer/2 62 
paiti-kara Kwer/2 62 

Per 3/366 
paiti-ma Me 2/293 

paiti-ma Per 3/366 
paiti-man Per 3/366 
paiti-pasti Pet 1/370 
paiti-raec 

Leigh 2/277 

Per 3/366 
paiti-raman 

Per 3/366 
Rem/ 3 90 
paiti-sahva 

Kas 2/214 

Per 3/366 
paitis-muxta 

Meuk/309 
paitis-vaed Weid/504 
paiti-vara Wer 3/516 
paiti-xsathra Pa/349 



paiti-xsatra 

Ksei 1/248 
paity-ara Er 1/12 6 

Per 3/367 
-paka Pekw/358 

pana Pa/349 

pa-nah Na 2/316 

Pa/349 
pa-natha Na 2/316 
panca Penkwe/362 
pancasas Penkwe/362 
panca-sat Dekm/84 
pant Pent/ 3 62 

panta Pent/ 3 62 

paoiry-aenini 

Pel 1/359 
paourus Pel 1/359 
par 1 Pel 1/359 

par 2 Per 2/365 

para 1 Per 4/368 

para 2 Per 2/365 

para 3 Per 1/363 

para 3 Per 1/363 

para 4 Per 1/364 

para 4 Per 1/364 

para-kan 

Gwhen 1/184 

Per 1/363 
para-tab Per 1/363 
Tep/4 73 
para-tak Per 1/363 
parena Per 2/365 
pares Prs/377 

paresu Perk 2 /369 
pari Per 1/363 

pari-auzah Aueg/4 
pari-bahr Per 1/363 
pari-bar Bher 1/58 

Per 1/363 
pari-bhar Bher 1/58 



paro Per 1/364 

paro-ayare 

Per 1/364 

par-sta Sta/444 

par-sti Per 1/363 

Sta/444 

Prs/377 

Wer 3/516 

Pel 2/360 

Pak/350 



parsuya 

paru-zana 

parya 

pas 

pasa 

pasca 

pasca 

paskat 

pasman 

pasna 

pasto 



Apo/30 
Apo/30 
Apo/30 
Apo/30 
Pek/357 
Persna/369 
Wes 3/521 
pasto-fratha 

Wes 3/521 
pasu Pek/357 

pasus-hasta Sed/405 



pataiti 

patareta 

patayeiti 

path 

patha 

pathana 

pathi 

pathra 

pati 

pati-ara 



pati 
pati 
pati 
pati 
pati 
pati 
pati 



■baus 

■gara 

■grab 

■kara 

■natha 

■rad 



Pet 1/370 
Pet 1/370 
Pet 1/370 

Pent/ 3 62 

Pent/ 3 62 
Pet 2/371 

Pent/ 3 62 
Pa/349 
Per 3/366 

Er 1/126 
Per 3/367 
Bheudh/65 



Gwer 

Per 

Per 

Na 



3/180 
3/367 
3/367 
2/316 
Ar/31 
Pa/349 
Per 3/366 



585 



Avestan 

P - R 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



patta Pet 1/370 

paurva Per 1/364 
paurvata Parvan/353 
paurvata-vac 

Parvan/353 
Wekw/508 
pav Pu 4/378 

pavaka Peu/371 

pavan Pa/349 

pavasta Wes 3/521 
pax Pekw/358 

payah Pel/355 

perana Pel 1/359 
perana-ayu Aiw/11 
Pel 1/359 
pere-sa Perk 1 /368 
peresaiti 

Perk 1 /368 
peresu Perk 2 /369 
peret Per 3/366 

perethu Pet 2/371 
peretu Per 2/365 

peso-tanu Ten 1/472 
pisant Pis/374 

pistra Peig/356 

pTstra Pis/ 37 4 

pi-tar Ter 3/475 

pitar Pa/349 

pithwa Pei/355 

pitu Pei/355 

pixa Piko/372 

pouru Pel 1/359 

pourusa Pel 2/360 
prana An 1/24 

prati-man Men 1/301 
pro-ayare Ayer/44 
prs-sa Perk 1 /368 
ptata Pet 1/370 

pu 1 Pdu/376 

pu 2 Pu 4/378 



puiti 

pusa 

pusa-ka 

putay 

pu-thra 

puthra 

puyeiti 



Pu 4/378 
Puk/378 
Puk/378 

Pu 4/378 
Pdu/376 
Pdu/376 

Pu 4/378 



R 

ra 1 Er 1/126 

ra2 Rei 1/389 

rad 1 Ar/31 

rad 2 Ret/392 

rae Er 1/126 

raec 1 Er 1/126 

raec2 Leigh 2/277 

raes Kei 2/389 

raesa Uroiks/491 

raesah Kei 2/389 

raeth Leith/2 78 

raevant Rei 1/389 

raevas Eres 1/130 

raexnah Leigh 2/277 

raez Leigh 1/276 

ragu Legwh/275 

rah Redh/386 

raic Leigh 2/277 

raik Leigii 2/2 77 

raiti iRei 1/389 

raix Leigh 2/277 

rak Dhogh/104 

raman Rem/390 

rana 1 Er 2/226" 

rana 2 Sreno/442 

ranha Eres 2/230 

ranha Eres 2/230 

raocah Leuk/282 
raoc-xsaema 

Leuic/282 



raoc-xsaena 

Ksei 2/249 
raod 1 Leudh/281 

raod 2 iReu 2/393 

raoda Leudh/281 

raodah Ser 1/415 
raodaiti Ser 1/415 
raodha Leudh/281 
raodha-taxma 

Leudh/281 

Tenk/473 
raogna Reughmen/394 
raoidita Reudh 1/394 
raoidya Reu 2/393 
raonami Ser 1/415 
raopias Wei 2/511 
raoxsna Ksei 2/249 

Leuk/282 
rap Rep/ 3 91 

ras 1 Er 1/126 

rasa Er 1/12 6 

rasta Reg 1/387 

ratha Ret/392 

ratha-estra Ret/392 

Sta/444 

ratu Ar/32 

rau Leu/280 

rautah Ser 1/415 

ravah Rewe/395 

ravan Ser 1/415 
ravas-carat Rewe/395 

ravi Legwh/2 75 

rax Dhogh/104 

razah Redh/386 

razma .Reg 1/387 

reh Leigii 2/2 76" 

rext Leigii 2/2 77 

rez Leigii 2/2 77 

M Er 1/126 

ris 1 Leith/2 78 



Avestan 

R - S 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Roo 


t/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


ris 2 


Rei 2/389 


sama 


Kei 


1/217 


scand 


Sek/408 


ris-ta 


Leith/278 


san 


Gwhen 


1/182 


scapti 


Sek/408 


rith 


Leith/278 


sana 


Sek/408 


shiti 


Ksei 3/249 


nz 


Rei 2/389 


sand 


Sed/405 


sid 


Sek/408 


ru 


Leu/280 


sang 




Ak/12 


sim 


So/433 


rup 


Leup/283 


saoc 


Keuk 


1/235 


sima 


Kern 1/223 


rupa 


Leup/283 


saocint 


Keuk 


1/235 


simoithra 


Kern 1/223 






saoka 


Keuk 


1/235 


sTzdra 


Sed/405 




s 


saokenta 


Keuk 


1/235 


sTzdyamna Sed/405 




saokenta 


■vant 




sTzdyo 


Sed/405 


sa 1 


Se 1/404 




Keuk 


1/235 


skairya 


Dhogh/104 


sa2 


Sek/408 


sarah 


Ker 


1/22 6 


skamberr 


Skabh/420 


sa3 


Kweye/2 66 


sarah 


Ker 


1/22 6 


skarana 


Dhogh/104 


sac 


Kak 1/204 


sareda 


Kei 


1/220 


skarena 


Sek/408 


sacaiti 


Kak 1/204 


saredha 


Kerd 


2/229 


Skarna 


Sukurna/458 


sad 


Sed/405 


sareta 


Kei 


1/220 


skenda 


Sek/408 


sadayant' 


' 


saretha 


Kei 


1/220 


smer 


Mer 1/304 




Sked 2/422 


sarez 


Kei 


1/220 


sna 


Sna/431 


sadayeiti 


Sed/405 


sari 


Sek/408 


snaej 


Sneigwh/432 


sadra 


Kad 1/202 


sari 


Sek/408 


snaez 


Sneigwh/432 


saeiti 


Ksei 3/249 


sas 1 


Kas 


2/214 


snaeza 


Sneigwh/432 


saena 


Kei 1/217 


sas 2 


Sed/405 


snaoda 


Sneudh/432 


saena-merega 


sasna 


Kas 


2/214 


snavar 


Sai 2/398 




Kei 1/217 


sasta 


Kas 


2/214 


soithra 


Ksei 3/249 


Saena-m 


3rega 


sastar 


Kas 


2/214 


spa 1 


Kwon/2 68 




Merega/306 


sat 


Dekm/84 


spa 2 


Kwei 2/259 


saeni 


Ak/13 


sata 


Dekm/85 


spada 


Kwon/2 68 


saenis 


Ak/13 


satam 


Dekm/85 


spaeta 


Kuei/254 


safa 


Kapho/211 


saub 


Keu 


2/232 


spaka 


Kwon/2 68 


sah 1 


Kas 2/214 


sauk 


Keuk 


1/235 


spar 


Spher/44 


sah2 


Kens/225 


saux 


Keuk 


1/235 


spara 


Sphel/439 


said 


Sek/408 


Sav 1 


Sav 


1/401 


sparega 


Spereg/438 


sairi-gaona Sek/408 


sav 2 


Kei 


2/218 


spas 


Spek/436 


saiti 1 


Dekm/84 


Savah 1 


Sav 


1/401 


spasano 


Spek/436 


saiti 2 


Kweye/2 66 


savah 2 


Keu 


4/234 


spasyeiti 


Spek/436 


saiti-man 


Men 1/301 


savahT 


Keu 


4/234 


spatha 


Kwon/2 68 


sak 


Kak 1/204 


sa-vant 




Ar/31 


spatha-paiti Kwon/2 68 


saka 1 


Saka/399 


sax 




Ak/12 


spenta 


Kwen 1/2 61 


saka-stana Saka/399 


sax 


Kak 


1/204 


spenta-ista isto/197 


sam 


So/433 


saxvan 


Kas 


2/214 


spento-dato Do 2/109 



587 



Avestan 

S - T 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 




Kwen 1/261 


sta 1 


Sta/444 




Wrdho/52 6 


sperezan 


Spelgh/437 


sta 2 


Stei/447 


svestas 


Kseud/250 


Spis 


Spis/ 441 


staman 


Stomen/453 


sya 1 


Sek/408 


spiti-doithra Kuei/254 


sta-mba 


Sta/444 


sya 2 


Kweye/2 66 


spoz 


Peuk/372 


stambana 


Stebh/446 


sya-maka 


Kei 1/217 


sraes 


Klis/241 


staoiti 


Steu 1/451 


syangh 


Gwhen 1/182 


sra-esta 


Isto/197 


staora 


Teu 1/477 


syaoman 


Kei 2/218 




Krei/245 


star 1 


Ster 1/449 


syaothna 


Kei 2/218 


sraoni 


Klou-ni/242 


star 2 


Ster 2/450 


syatT 


Kweye/2 66 


sraosha 


Kleu 1/240 


stata 


Sta/444 


syav 


Kei 2/218 


sraothra 


Kleu 1/240 


staura 


Teu 1/477 


syava 


Kei 1/217 


srask 


Sresk/442 


stav 


Steu 1/451 


syava-arsan 


srav 


Kleu 1/240 


stawra 


Stebh/446 




Eres 1/130 


sravah 


Kleu 1/240 


sta-xma 


Sta/444 




Kei 1/217 


sraw 


Kleu 1/240 


sta-xra 


Sta/444 


syazd 


Sed/405 


sraw 


Kleu 1/240 


stay 


Stei/447 






sray- 


Klei/239 


stembya 


Stebh/446 




T 


sray- 


Klei/239 


sti 


Sta/444 






sra-yah 


Krei/245 


stuna 


Sta/444 


tab 


Tep/4 73 




Yah 5/531 


stuna 


Sta/444 


tab-stana 


Tep/4 73 


srayan 


Krei/245 


stura 


Sta/444 


tac 


Teku 1/4 68 


sraz-da 


Kerd 1/229 


su-athra 


Eter/132 


tacaiti 


Teku 1/4 68 


srT 


Krei/245 


sub 


Keu 2/232 


tacan 


Teku 1/4 68 


srinav- 


Klei/239 


sufra 


Keu 2/232 


tacar 


Teku 1/4 68 


srinu- 


Klei/239 


sufraka 


Keu 2/232 


taega 


Steig/448 


srTra 


Krei/245 


suirya 


Keu 4/234 


taeza 


Steig/448 


SrTra 


Srira/443 


su-ka 


Ku 2/254 


tahra 


Teku 1/468 


sns 


Klis/241 


Sukurna 




taiy 


Tu/483 


srita 


Klei/239 




Sukurna/458 


tak 


Teku 1/468 


sru 1 


Ker 1/22 6 


sunb 


Keu 2/232 


taka 


Teku 1/468 


sru2 


Kleu 1/240 


suno 


Kwon/2 68 


tan 


Ten 1/471 


Sru 3 


Sru 3/443 


supti 


Kup 1/256 


tanj-ista 


Isto/197 


sru-bhara 


Ker 1/22 6 


sur 


Keu 4/234 




Tenk/473 


sru-ta 


Kleu 1/240 


sura 


Keu 2/232 


tanu 


Ten 1/472 


sru-vant 


Ser 1/415 


suram 


Keu 4/234 


tanura 


Tanur/466 


srva 1 


Ker 1/22 6 


sus 


Kwes/2 64 


taos 


Teus/478 


Srva2 


Sru 3/443 


susi 


Kwes/2 64 


taoxman 


Teu 1/477 


srvara 


Ker 1/22 6 


suwra 


Keu 2/232 


tap 1 


Steu 2/452 


sta 1 


Sta/444 


suxra 


Keuk 1/235 


tap 2 


Tep/4 73 


sta 1 


Sta/444 


suxra-vard 


tap-stana 


Sta/444 








Keuk 1/235 







Avestan 

T - U 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


tar 


Ter 1/474 


thri 


Trei/481 


uiti 


I 2/195 


tara-az 


Ag/5 


thri-dasa 


Trei/481 


una 


Eu 1/132 




Tel/4 69 


thri-sat 


Dekm/84 


una 


Eu 1/132 


tara-azu 


Ag/5 


thrisat 


Trei/481 


upa 


Upo/489 




Tel/4 69 


thri-thatra 


Ten 1/471 


upa 


Upo/489 


tarep 


Terp/4 75 




Trei/481 


upa-dTta 


Dheye/102 


taro 


Ter 1/474 


thri-yaxstay 


upa-diti 


Upo/489 


tarsna 


Ters/476 




Lakti/271 


upa-drava 




tarsta 


Tres/483 


thwares 


Twerk/485 




Deru 1 /91 


tarsu 


Ters/476 


thwaxsa 


Kau/215 




Upo/489 


tarya 


Ter 1/474 


-ti 


Dekm/84 


upa-gah 


Upo/489 


tas 


Tex/4 79 


tigra 


Steig/448 


upairi 


Upo/490 


tasa 


Tex/4 79 


tigra 


Steig/448 


upairi-vara 




tasta 


Tex/4 79 


tigra-xauda 




Wer 3/516 


tata 


Pet 1/370 




Skeu 2/425 


upa-mati 


Men 2/303 


tathra 


Ten 1/471 


Tkaesa 


Tkaesa/480 


upa-ni-da 


Dhe 2/94 


taug 


Kwei 2/259 


tras 1 


Tres/483 




Upo/489 


tauruna 


Ten 1/471 


tras 2 


Tex/4 79 


u pa-sad 


Sed/405 


taux 


Kwei 2/259 


tras 2 


Tex/4 79 




Upo/489 


tav 


Teu 1/477 


traxtanam 


Trenk/482 


upa-skambem 


tava 


Tu/483 


tri-dasa 


Dekm/84 




Skabh/420 


tavant 


Teu 1/477 


tu 


Tu/483 




Upo/489 


taxma 


Tenk/473 


turn 


Tu/483 


upa-suxta 




taxma-tan 


U 


tum-aspa 


Ekwos/121 




Keuk 1/235 




Ten 1/472 




Teu 1/477 


upa-var 


Upo/489 




Tenk/473 


tus 


Teus/478 




Wei 1/509 


taxma-un 


pa 


tusen 


Teus/478 




Wer 1/514 




Tenk/473 


tussya 


Teus/478 


upa-zazami 




Wei 2/511 


tuvam 


Tu/483 




Ghe 1/151 


tayu 


Stai 1/445 


tvam 


Tu/483 


urpa 


Wei 2/511 


tbaes 


Dwei/114 






urupis 


Wei 2/511 


temah 


Tem/470 




u 


uruthwan 


Reuto/395 


tethra 


Tem/470 




uruthwara 




thaman 


Gwa/1 72 


u-arstika 


Eres 2/131 




Reuto/395 


thang 


Ten 1/471 


ubdaena 


Webh/497 


uruthwasca 


thra 


Ter 1/474 


ube 


Ambhi/21 




Reuto/395 


thrafda 


Terp/4 75 


ud 


Ud 1/486 


Urvan 


Urvan/ 4 91 


thrafza 


Terp/4 75 


udara 


Udero/487 


urvant 


Ser 1/415 


thrasa 


Tres/483 


udra 


Wed/ 4 97 


urvara 


Bheu 3/64 


thrayo 


Trei/481 


ugra 


Aueg/4 


urvata 


Wer 1/514 



Avestan 

u - v 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


urvinj 


Urigh/490 


uz-ma-ta 


Me 2/293 


vam 


Wem/512 


urvisyeiti 


Wer 2/515 


uz-za 


Ghe 1/151 


van 


Wen/512 


us 


Ud 1/486 






vana 


Wen/512 


usa 


Aus 2/41 




V 


vanaiti 


Wen/512 


usaiti 


Aus 2/41 




vana-vaxsa Aueg/4 


usamahi 


Wek/507 


va 


I 2/195 




Wen/ 512 


usas-tara 


Aus 2/41 


va 


I 2/195 


vanhar 


Aus 2/41 


usca 


Ud 1/486 


vacah 


Wekw/508 


vanhna 


Wes 3/521 


usi 


Ous 1/346 


vada 


Wedh 2/499 


vanhu 


Wes 1/520 


usi-data 


Do 2/109 


vadar 


Wedh 2/499 


vanri 


Aus 2/41 




Ous 1/346 


vadaya 


Wedh 2/499 


vant 


Menth/304 


us-sna 


Sna/431 


vadayeiti 


Wen/513 


vantar 


Wen/512 


us-spar 


Spher/44 


vadhgan 


Wedh 2/499 


var 1 


Wed/ 4 97 




Ud 1/486 


vadhu 


Wedh 1/498 


var2 


Wei 1/509 


us-tavah 


Teu 1/477 


vadhu-upa 


var 3 


Wei 3/511 




Ud 1/486 




Wedh 1/498 


-var 4 


Wei 3/511 


us-tema 


Ud 1/486 


vadu 1 


Wedh 1/498 


var 5 


Wei 3/511 


us-tra 


Wes 1/520 


vadu 2 


Wen/513 


var 6 


Wer 3/516 


ustra 


Wes 1/520 


vaeca 


Weik 1/505 


vara 1 


Wed/ 4 97 


uta 


I 2/195 


vaeda 


We id/504 


vara 2 


Wer 3/516 


uta 


I 2/195 


vaeg 


Weik 1/505 


vara 2 


Wer 3/516 


u-vara-zmi 


vaeiti 


Wei 1/502 


varah 


Wer 1/514 




Ghdhem/150 


Vaena 1 


Vaena 1/492 


Varaka 






Su 1/455 


Vaena 1 


Vaena 1/492 


Varekahe/492 


uwa 


Ambhi/21 


vaena 2 


Dheye/102 


varamis 


Wei 3/511 


ux 


Wekw/508 


vaesa 


Weis/507 


varanavaity 


uxs 


Aueg/4 


vafra 


Wep/513 




Wei 3/511 


uxsan 


Wegw/501 


vah 


Wes 3/521 


varasa 


Wei 1/502 


uxsyeiti 


Aueg/4 


vah-ista 


Isto/197 


varasnT 


Wed/ 4 97 


uyamna 


Eu 1/132 




Su 1/456 


varathra- 


gam 


uz 


Ud 1/486 


vahisto 


Su 1/456 




Gwhen 2/185 


uz-ah 


Ous 2/348 


vahna 


Wes 3/521 


Varaza 


Varaza/492 




Ud 1/486 


vahu 


Su 1/456 


vard 


Ered/128 


uz-ah-ap 


Ud 1/486 


vahu-man Men 1/301 


vardana 


Wer 3/516 


uzayanto 


Ghe 1/151 




Su 1/456 


varecah 


Algwh/20 


uzdar 


Wegh/501 


vahya 


Su 1/456 


vared 


Ered/128 


uz-davayati 


vaidi 


Wed/ 4 97 


varedha 


Wrdho/52 6 




Dheu 3 /101 


vairi 


Wed/ 4 97 


varejah 


Algwh/20 


uzdri 


Wegh/501 


vaiti 


We 1/496 


Varekahe 


uz-du 


Dheu 3 /1 01 


vak 


Wekw/508 


Varekahe/492 



590 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Avestan 

v - v 

Root/Page 



varemi Wei 3/511 
varena Wei 1/509 
varep Wer 2/515 

varesa Wei 2/510 
varesna Eres 1/130 
varet Wer 2/514 

Vareta Vareta/493 
varethra Wer 3/516 
varethra-gam 

Wer 3/516 
varethra-jan 

Wer 3/516 
vareza Werg 1/519 
varnak Weren/518 
vart Wer 2/514 

vasah Wek/507 

vasaiti Wes 3/521 

vasami Wek/50 7 

vasar Aus 2/41 

vasnah Wek/507 

vasri Aus 2/41 

vasta 1 Wes 3/521 
vasta 2 Wegh/501 

vastar Wegh/501 

vaste Wes 3/521 

vastra 1 Wes 3/521 
vastra 2 Wes 4/521 
vastra 2 Wes 4/521 
vata We 1/496 

vat-as We 1/496 

vatay Wei 2/503 

vati Wen/512 

vau-misa Su 1/456 
vawzaka Webh/497 
vaxs 1 Weicw/508 

vaxs 2 Aueg/4 

vaxsaiti Aueg/4 

vaxs-6-bara 

Weicw/508 
vay 1 Aw/43 



vay 2 

vay 3 

vayeiti 1 

vayeiti 2 

vayoi 

vayu 

vaz 

vaza 1 

vaza 2 

vazagha 

vazista 

vazra 

vazya 

vehrka 

ver 1 

ver2 

verata 

verdeka 

veredka 

vherka 

vi 1 

vT2 

vi 3 

vTcara 
vi-cay 

vi-ci 

vTcica 

vi-cir 

vT-cira 

vTd- 

vTdada 

vTdaiti 

vidhava 

vidya 

vi-gatho 

vi-hay 



Wei 2/503 

Wei 1/502 

Wen/512 

Wei 2/503 

Wai/495 

Aw/43 

Wegh/501 

Wegh/501 

Wegh/501 

Wego/501 

Wegh/501 

Weg 2/500 

Wegh/501 



Wei 
Wei 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wei 



2/510 
1/509 
1/514 
1/514 
2/514 
2/514 
2/510 
Aw/43 
Wi/523 
Wi/524 
Wi/523 
Wi/524 
Wi/523 
Kwei 2/259 
Wi/523 
Kwek/2 60 
Gassu/138 
Kwer/2 63 
Wi/523 
We id/504 
We id/504 
We id/504 
Weidh/505 
We id/504 
Gwadh/1 73 
Se 1/404 
Wi/523 



vT-jainti Gwhen 2/185 
Vi-kaes Kwei 2/259 
vi-kar wi/524 

vi-kas Kwek/2 60 

Wi/523 
vi-kay Kwei 2/259 

Wi/523 
vi-kaya Kwek/2 60 

vi-mad Me 2/294 

Wi/523 
vi-maik Meig/298 

Wi/523 
vi-manah Men 1/301 

Wi/523 
vi-mar Mer 1/304 

Wi/523 
vi-minasti Meig/298 
vTnosti Weid/504 

vip Weip/506 

vTra Wei 2/503 

vi-radh Ar/31 

Wi/523 
vi-raec Leigh 2/277 

Wi/523 
vi-raiti Ar/31 

vi-raiti Wi/523 

vTs Weik 2/506 

vis 1 Weis/507 

vTs 2 Aw/ 43 

vis 3 Wi/524 

vi-sa Wi/523 

vi-sa Wi/523 

visa Weis/507 

visa-dahyu Dhis/103 
vi-saed Sek/4 08 

Wi/523 
vi-saiti Dekm/84 

Wi/523 
vTspa Wi/524 

vTspa-dahyu 

Dhis/103 



591 



Avestan 

v - x 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 




Wi/524 


vyaxman 


Weik 1/505 


xratu 


Kar 1/212 


vTs-paiti 


Weik 2/506 






xrT 


Kwri/2 69 


vis-pat 


Wi/524 




w 


xru 


Kreu/24 6 


vis-patha 


Wi/524 




xrum 


Kreu/24 6 


vTs-pati 


Weik 2/506 


waig 


Weik 1/505 


xruma 


Kreu/24 6 


vispo-pitay Pd 2/374 


waik 


Weik 1/505 


xrura 


Kreu/24 6 


vista- 


We id/ 504 


waix 


Weik 1/505 


xrus 


Kreu/24 6 


vista-aspa 


Ekwos/121 


war 


Wed/ 4 97 


xruta 


Kreu/24 6 


vi-sta-ka 


Sta/444 


ward 


Ered/128 


xruzdra 


Kreu/24 6 


vi-staka 


Wi/523 


wars 


Wer 2/514 


xsaca 


Ksei 1/248 


vi-star 


Wi/523 


wi 


Wi/523 


Xsad 


Xsad/529 


vTt 


Wi/524 




Wi/524 


xsae-ta 


Ksei 2/249 


vi-tar 


Ter 1/474 


wi-car 


Kwel/2 60 


xsafniya 


Kwsep/2 69 




Wi/523 




Wi/523 


Xsaivan 


Xsi 1/529 


vTtar 1 


Wei 2/503 


wi-kar 


Kwer/2 62 


xsaob 


Kseubh/250 


vTtar 2 


Wen/512 


wi-sa 


Se 1/404 


xsaod 


Kseud/250 


vTtara 


Wi/524 


wi-sis 


Sek/408 


xsap 


Kwsep/2 69 


vTtarem 


Wi/524 


wi-star 


Ster 1/449 


xsapan 


Kwsep/2 69 


vi-taxti 


Teku 1/468 


wizmar 


Mer 2/305 


xsar 


Gwhder/181 


vi-taxtT 


Wi/524 


wrda 


Wrdho/52 6 


xsa-thra 


Ksei 1/248 


vithra 


Wi/524 


wrvata 


Wer 1/514 


xsathra 


Ksei 1/248 


vi-vacah 


Wekw/508 






xsathra-dara 




Wi/524 




X 




Ksei 1/248 


vTvaeda 


Wei d/ 504 




xsathra-puthra 


vTvaiti 


Wei 2/503 


xad 1 


Khad/235 




Pou/376 


vi-vard 


Ered/128 


xad2 


Xad/528 


xsathra-vairya 


vi-xada 


Xad/528 


xaezanu 


ia Suig/457 




Ksei 1/248 


vi-zainti 


Wi/523 


xan 


Gwhen 1/183 


xsatra-pavan 


vohnua 


Wes 1/520 




Gwhen 1/184 




Ksei 1/248 


vohu 


Su 1/456 


xaoda 


Skeu 2/425 


xsatra-vairya 


vohuni 


Wes 1/520 


xara 


Kar 1/212 




Wei 1/509 


voi 


Wei 2/503 


xar-bara 


Bher 1/58 


xsaub 


Kseubh/250 


voiced animal 


xarka-asa Ed/ 117 


xsaud 


Kseud/250 




Kar 1/212 


xas 


Xad/528 


xsaudra 


Kseud/250 


voi-thwa 


Wei 2/503 


xauda 


Skeu 2/425 


xsay 


Ksei 1/248 


vriz 


Urigh/490 


xaya 


Aw/43 


xsaya-arsan 


vrvata 


Wer 1/514 


xerpta 


Sek/409 




Eres 1/130 


vyana 1 


Wei 2/503 


xrafstra 


Kwer/2 63 


xsaya-arsan 


vyana 2 


Wen/512 


xram 


Kr am/245 




Ksei 1/248 


vyaxa 


Weik 1/505 


xraos 


Ker 3/22 7 


XsT1 


Xsi 1/529 



592 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Avestan 

X - Y 

Root/Page 



XSi 2 Ksei 1/248 

XSip Ksip/251 

xsTra Ksiro/252 

xsnavaya Kes 2/231 
xsnaw Kleu 1/240 
xsnu Kleu 1/240 

XSOithmi Ksei 2/249 
xsudra Kseud/250 
xsudram 

Ksudros/252 
xsufsan Kseubh/250 
xsvaepa Ksip/251 

xsvaewa Swei/459 
xsvas Sweks/4 60 

xsvas-dasa Dekm/84 

Sweks/4 60 
XSVas-ti Dekm/84 

xsvasti Sweks/4 60 
xsvTd Kseud/250 

XSVipata Ksiro/252 
xsvira Swei/459 

xswaif Ksip/251 

xswaip Ksip/251 

xumba Geu 1/147 
xva Seu 1/417 

xvadaya Seu 1/417 
xvae-paithya Pa/349 

Seu 1/417 
xvae-pati Pa/349 

Seu 1/417 
xvaeza Sweid/4 60 
xvafna Swep/4 62 

Xvaini Xvaini/530 

xvajo-ayao Seu 1/417 
xvan Swen/4 61 

xvand Swad/459 

xvandra-kara 

Swad/459 
xvang Sawel/402 

xvan-har Seu 1/417 



xvaothra Seu 1/417 
xvap Swep/4 62 

xvar 1 Sawel/402 

xvar2 Swel 1/4 61 
xvara Swer/462 

xvarazmTs 

Ghdhem/150 

Su 1/455 
xvarenah Sawel/402 
xvareta Ksudros/252 
xvarizem Ghdhem/150 

Su 1/455 
xvasta Svas/459 

xvasto Swad/459 

xv-athra Eter/132 

xvato-ayao Ai w/1 1 
xvTsat Suig/457 

xwad Swad/459 

xwaf Swep/4 62 

xwafsa Swep/4 62 

xwairis Wer 6/51 7 
xwan Swen/4 61 

xwap Swep/4 62 

xwar Swel 1/4 61 

xwaro Swer/4 62 

xwas Swad/459 

xwa-tam Seu 1/417 
xwa-to Seu 1/417 



ya 1 


Ei/228 


ya2 


Yem/534 


Ya3 


Yah 5/531 


yaes 


Yeu 3/536 


yaesyaiti 


Yes/534 


yah 1 


Ei/118 


yah 2 


Ei/119 


yah 3 


Yes/534 


yah 4 


Yds/538 



Yah 5 Yah 5/531 

yahma Yds/538 

yaiti Ei/118 

yakara Yekwer/533 
yanhaeiti Yds/538 

yaod Yeu 3/536 

yaoj Yeu 1/535 

yaona Yau/532 

yaosti Yeu 3/536 

yaoz Yeu 3/536 

yaozaiti Yeu 3/536 
yar Ei/119 

yara Ei/119 

yasa Ya/532 

yasta Y6s/538 

yata Y em/ 534 

yata Y em/ 534 

ya-tara I 2/2 94 

yatem latos/196 

yathat De 2/80 

ya-tu Ya/532 

yava leuo/196 

Yavarena 

Yavarena/532 
yave Ai w/1 1 

yaxstay Lakti/271 
yaxsti Lakti/271 

yaz Yag/532 

yazatanam Yag/531 
yazato-karteta 

Kwer/2 62 
yazato-kerata 

Yag/531 
yeinti Ei/118 

yema Yem/534 

yemo Yem/534 

yesnya Yag/531 

yeth De 2/80 

yTma Yem/534 

yima-xsaetem 

Ksei 2/249 



593 



Avestan 

Y - Z 



WORD 


Roo 


t/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


yima-xsaetem 




zaini 


Gwen 1/178 


zav 1 


Dinghw/107 




Y em/ 534 


zairita 


Ghel/155 


zav2 


Gheu 1/162 


yo 


I 


2/194 


zam 


Ghdhem/150 


zava 


Geu 2/147 


yuj 


Yeu 


1/535 


zama-tar 


Geme/140 


zavah 


Geu 2/147 


yus 




Yu/538 




Ter 3/475 


zavaiti 


Ghu 1/165 


yusmat 




Yu/538 


zan 1 


Gene 1/141 


zavar 


Geu 2/147 


yuvan 


Yeu 


2/535 


zan2 


Gno/168 


zaxya 


Gwes/181 


yuxta 


Yeu 


1/535 


zana 1 


Gene 1/141 


zaya 


Ghei 2/154 


yvan 


Yeu 


2/535 


zana 2 


Gno/168 


zayai 


Gweie/176 








zanga 


Ghengh/157 


zayan 


Ghei 2/154 




z 




zango 


Ghengh/157 


zazami 


Ghe 1/151 






zanu 


Genu 2/142 


zba 


Dinghw/107 


za 1 


Ghe 


1/151 


zanva 


Genu 2/142 


zd 


Sed/405 


za2 


Ous 


2/348 


zaoso 


Geus/148 


zem 


Ghei 1/153 




Ud 


1/486 


zaothar 


Gheu 1/162 


zered 


Kerd 1/229 


za3 


Gwhe 


dh/182 


zaothr 


Gheu 1/162 


zT 


Ki 2/237 


za-ap 


Ous 


2/348 


zaothra 


Gheu 1/162 


zimo 


Ghei 1/153 


za-dhana 


Ous 


2/348 


zar 1 


Gher 1/158 


zinat 


Gweie/176 


zadiyamiy 






zar2 


Ger 2/144 


zTra 


Gwei/175 




Gwhe 


dh/182 


zara 1 


Ghel/155 


znu 


Genu 1/142 


zaem 


Ghei 


1/153 


zara 2 


Gher 4/159 


znum 


Genu 1/142 


zaeman 


Ghei 


2/154 


zaranya 


Ghel/155 


zoisnu 


Gheis/155 


zaemi 


Ghei 


2/154 


zara-ustrs 




zoizd-ista 


Gheis/155 


zaena 1 


Ghei 


2/154 




Ger 2/144 




Isto/197 


zaena 2 


Ghei 


2/154 




Wes 1/520 


zrada 


Ghlad/163 


zaena-dana 




zarayah 


Glei/167 


zrayah 


Glei/167 




Ghei 


2/154 


zaredaya 


Kerd 1/229 


zraz-da 


Kerd 1/229 


zaenah-vant 




zarena 


Ghel/155 


zrs 


Ghers/1 60 




Ghei 


2/154 


zareta 


Ghel/155 


zurah 


Ghuel/166 


zaeno-hara 




zari 


Ghel/155 


zusto 


Geus/148 




Dher 1/98 


zarman 


Ger 2/144 


zya 1 


Ghei 1/153 


zaeno-hara 




zars 


Ghers/1 60 


zya2 


Gwhi/186 




Ghei 


2/154 


zarsayam 


na 


zya 3 


Gweie/176 


zaesa 


Gheis/155 




Ghers/1 60 


zya 4 


Gweie/176 


zaesta 


Gheis/155 


zarwan 


Ger 2/144 


zyam 


Ghei 1/153 


zaf- 


Geph/142 


zasta 


Ghesto/161 


zyani 


Gweie/176 


zaf-an 


Geph/142 


zata 1 


Gene 1/141 


zyao 


Ghei 1/153 


zaf-ar 


Geph/142 


zata2 


Gwhen 2/185 


zyo 


Ghdies/151 


zahr 


Gh 


el/155 


zaurva 


Ger 2/144 






zaidhyem 


Gwhe 


dh/182 


Zausa 


Zausa/539 







594 



Caribian 

T - T 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Caribian 



Tabaco Tabaco/464 



595 



Celtic 

A - S 

WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Celtic 



artho Rk-tho/396 



B 

bukkos Bhugo/t 



graw Gher 3/159 

M 

molto Mel 3/300 



sukko Su 2/457 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Chinese 

C - x 

WORD Root/Page 



Chinese 



C'a C'a/74 

Chiang-yu 

Chiang-yu/75 
Chou-shu 

Chou-shu/75 



Shu-shu Chou-shu/75 



t'a C'a/74 

Tien Tien/480 

Tu-kue Tu-kue/484 

X 

Xalen Xalen/529 



597 



Dutch 

B - T 

WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Dutch 



B 

bluyster Bhel/55 



crulle Ger 1/143 



H 

haam Kam 1/206 



K 



koek 
konk 



Kak 4/205 
Kung/255 



M 

male-mocke Muk/314 
mocke Muk/314 

monssoen w.s.m/52 7 



SOJa Chiang-yu/75 



thee 



C'a/74 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Egyptian 

A - Y 

WORD Root/Page 



Egyptian 



Abu 



Yb/533 



chem Kers 2/230 



E 



Elu 
Elu-ephas 



Yb/533 
Yb/533 



H 

Hebni Hebni/190 

K 

khem Kers 2/230 



Sosen Sosen/435 



Yb 



Yb/533 



English 

A - A 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


English 


act 


Gwa/1 73 
Ag/5 


alarm 


Al 1/15 
Ar/32 




A 


acute 


Ak/12 


albacore 


B.k.r/69 




Adam 


Adhamah/5 


albatross 


Al 3/17 


a- 


Ne 1/322 


Adams 


Adhamah/5 


Albert 


Atos/38 


abandon 


Bha 2/50 


adapt 


Ap 2/28 




Bhereg/61 


abbreviate 


add 


Do 2/109 


alchemist 


Kers 2/230 




Mregu/312 


address 


Reg 1/387 


alchemy 


Al 3/17 


Abel 


Hebhel/190 


adept 


Ap 2/28 




Gheu 1/162 


Abigail 


Ab 2/3 


adjust 


Yeu 1/535 


alcohol 


Al 3/17 


Abner 


Ab 2/3 


admiral 


A' .m.r/23 




K.h. 1/236 




N.w.r/341 




Al 3/17 


alcove 


Al 3/17 


abnormal 


Apo/29 


admit 


Smelt/ 430 




Gabbah/136 




Gno/168 


Adolph 


Atos/38 


alder 


El 2/122 


abort 


Er 1/126 




Wei 2/511 


ale 


Alu/20 


Abot 


Ab 2/3 


Adrian 


Ater/37 


alembic 


Ab 1/1 


about 


Ud 1/486 


Adriatic 


Ater/37 




Al 3/17 


Abraham 


Ab 2/3 


adverb 


Wer 1/514 




Nei 1/325 


Abram 


Ab 2/3 


adverse 


Wer 2/515 


alert 


Al 1/15 


abridge 


Mregu/312 


advice 


We id/504 


aleurone 


Al 2/16 


abrupt 


Reu 2/393 


aego- 


Aig-/9 


Alexander 


Alek/19 


Absalom 


Ab 2/3 


aeronaut 


Na 1/316 




Ner 1/331 




S.l.m/429 


affect 


Dhe 2/95 


alfalfa 


Al 3/17 


absent 


Es 2/131 


affiliation 


Dhe 1 /93 




Ed/ 117 


abyss 


Gwadh/1 73 


after 


Apo/30 




Ekwos/121 


accept 


Kap/210 


age 


Ai w/1 1 


algebra 


Al 3/17 


accident 


Kad 2/202 


agency 


Ag/5 




J.b.r/200 


accipiter 


Oku/343 


agent 


Ag/5 


algol 


G. v. 1/171 




Pet 1/370 


aggressive 




algorism 


Ghdhem/150 


accord 


Kerd 1/229 




Gredh/1 69 




Su 1/455 


accordion 




Agnus 


Yag/531 


algorithm 


Al 3/17 




Kerd 1/229 


ago 


Ghe 1/151 




Ghdhem/150 


accumulate 


agony 


Ag/5 




Su 1/455 




Keu 2/232 


agree 


Gwer 2/179 


alien 


Al 1/15 


achar 


Ak/12 


agriculture 


Ag/5 


alizarin 


Al 3/17 


acid 


Ak/12 


ail 


Agh/7 




A' .s.r/36 


acoustic 


Keu 3/233 


Aileen 


Sawel/403 


alizarine 


A' .s.r/36 


acquaint 


Gno/168 


ailment 


Agh/7 


alkali 


Al 3/17 


acre 


Ag/5 


air 


We 1/496 




Q.l.y/381 


acrobat 


Ak/12 


airplane 


Pele/361 


alkaline 


Al 3/17 



soo 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



English 

A - A 

Root/Page 



Q.l.y/381 
Allah Al 3/17 

Layh/274 
allergy Werg 1/519 
alleviate Legwh/2 75 
alley Al 4/18 

alligator Al 1/15 

Lek/2 78 
aloe Agaruh/6 

Al 3/17 
alone I 2/195 

along Del/86 

also Seu 1/417 

alternate Al 1/15 

alum Alu/20 

alumina Alu/20 

aluminium Alu/20 

aluminum Alu/20 

always Wegh/501 

am Es 2/131 

amalgam Al 3/17 
Mel 3/300 
Amazon 1 

Magh 2/289 
So/433 
Amazon 2 

Magh 2/289 

So/433 

ambassador Ag/5 

Ambhi/21 

amber A.n.b/25 

ambient Ambhi/21 

El/118 

ambulate Al 4/18 

Amen A.m.n/22 

ammunition 

Mei 2/296 
amnesty Men 1/302 
amount Men 3/303 
amphibious Ambhi/21 



amphictyony 

Ksei 3/249 
amphitheater 

Ambhi/21 
an I 2/195 

an- Ne 1/322 

analogy An 3/25 

analysis An 3/25 

anatomy An 3/25 

anchor Ang/2 6 

and En/124 

Andrew Ner 1/331 
android Ner 1/331 
anesthesia 6us 1/347 
angel Agaru/6 

anger Angh/2 7 

angle Ang/2 6 

Anglo- Ang/2 6 

Anglo-Saxon Ang/2 6 
anguine Angwhi/27 
anguish Angh/2 7 

anil Al 3/17 

Nei 1/326 

aniline Al 3/17 

Nei 1/326 
animal An 1/24 

animosity An 1/24 
Ann H.n.n/191 

Anna H.n.n/191 

Anne H.n.n/191 

anneal Aidh/9 

annex Ned/324 

anniversary 

Wer 2/515 
announce Neu/333 
anode Sed/4 05 

anonymous 

Nomn/34 
antenna Ten 1/472 
antimony Al 3/17 



antonym Nomn/34 
anxious Angh/2 7 

any I 2/195 

aorta Wer 6/517 

aperture Wer 3/516 
apex Ap 2/28 

apiary Embhi/123 

apiology Embhi/123 
appall Pel 2/360 

append Spen/437 

apricot Al 3/17 

Pekw/358 
apt Ap 2/28 

aptitude Ap 2/28 

aqua Akwa/14 

aquarium Akwa/14 

aquatic Akwa/14 

Arab A\b.r/4 

arbor Bheu 3/64 

arch- Arxein/35 

archaeo- Arxein/35 
archaeology 

Arxein/35 
archaic Arxein/35 
archbishop 

Arxein/35 
architect Arxein/35 
Tex/4 79 
archive Arxein/35 
Arctic Rk-tho/396 

are Er 1/126 

area As/35 

argent Arg/34 

Argentina Arg/34 

argon Werg 1/519 

argue Arg/34 

arithmetic Ar/32 

arm Ar/32 

arms Ar/32 

army Ar/32 



601 



English 

A - B 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


arrange 


Sker 1/424 


athanor 


Tanur/466 


avoid 


Eu 1/132 


arrive 


Rei 2/389 


Atlantic 


Tel/ 4 69 


awake 


Weg 2/500 


arsenal 


Al 3/17 


atlas 1 


Tel/ 4 69 


away 


Wegh/501 




D.v.r/114 


atlas 2 


T.L.S/480 


awe 


Agh/7 




S.n. 'a/431 


atmosphere 


awesome 


Agh/7 


arsenic 


Al 3/17 




Spher/44 


awkward 


Apo/30 




Ghel/155 




We 1/496 


axis 


Ag/5 


arson 


As/35 


atom 


Ne 1/322 


axle 


Ag/5 


art 


Ar/32 


atrium 


Ater/37 


azimuth 


Al 3/17 


artery 


Wer 6/517 


atrocity 


Ater/37 




Mei 3/297 


arthritis 


Ar/32 


attire 


Steg/447 


Azrael 


Layh/2 73 


Arthur 


Rk-tho/396 


attitude 


Ap 2/28 


azulene 


Lajin/271 


artist 


Ar/32 


aubergine 


Al 3/17 


azure 


Lajin/271 


Aryan 


Al 1/15 


Vat in 


-ganah/493 






asbestos 


Gwes/181 


auction 


Aueg/40 




B 




Ne 1/322 


audience 


Ous 1/347 




ascend 


Skand/422 


audio 


Ous 1/347 


babble 


Baba/45 


ash 


As/35 


audit 


Ous 1/347 


babe 


Baba/45 


Asia 


Asu /36 


auger 


Ghei 2/154 


Babel 


Layh/2 73 


asparagus 






Nobh/337 




N.b.b/320 




Spereg/438 


augment 


Aueg/40 


baboon 


Baba/45 


asphalt 


Ne 1/322 


August 


Aueg/40 


babouche 


Pos/375 


Spl- 


iallein/439 


aurora 


Aus 2/41 


baby 


Baba/45 


assassin 


H.s.s/193 


austerity 


Saus/401 


Babylonia 


Layh/2 73 


assassinate 


Australia 


Aus 2/41 




N.b.b/320 




H.s.s/193 


Austria 


Aus 2/41 


baggage 


Boqca/70 


assemble 


Sem 1/412 


authentic 


Autos/42 


bahadur 


Bhag/52 


assert 


Ser 3/416 


author 


Aueg/4 


balalaika 


Baba/45 


assign 


Sekw/410 


auto- 


Autos/42 


balas 


Apank/28 


association Sekw/410 


autobahn 


Bhen/56 


balcony 


Bhergh/62 


assort 


Ser 3/416 


automatic 


Autos/42 




Gwhen 1/183 


asterisk 


Ster 2/450 




Men 1/302 


baleen 


Bhel/54 


asthma 


An 1/24 


automobile 


Autos/42 


ballad 


Gwel 1/176 


astigmatism 


autopsy 


Okw/343 


ballet 


Gwel 1/176 




Steig/448 


auxiliary 


Aueg/4 


ballistic 


Gwel 1/176 


astonish 


Ten 2/472 


avenue 


Gwa/1 73 


balloon 


Bhel/54 


astrolabe 


Ster 2/450 


average 


'Awar/43 


ballot 


Bhel/54 


astronaut 


Na 1/316 


aviation 


Aw/43 


ballroom 


Gwel 1/176 


astronomy 




Avicena 


B.n.v/70 


balm 


Busma/72 




Nem 1/329 


Avicenism 


B.n.v/70 


balsam 


Busma/72 



602 



English 

B - B 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


balsamine 


Busma/72 


Ben 


B.n.v/70 


birch 


Bhereg/61 


ban 


Bha 2/50 


bench 


Bhe/53 


birth 


Bher 1/59 


band 


Bhendh/57 


bend 


Bhendh/57 


biscuit 


Dwo/115 


banian 


Wen/512 


beneath 


Ni 1/335 




Pekw/358 


bank 


Bhe/53 


benefit 


Dhe 2/95 


bishop 


Epi/125 


bankrupt 


Bhe/53 


Benjamin 


B.n.v/70 


bison 


Weis/507 




Reu 2/393 




Y.m.n/537 


bittern 


Beu 1/48 


banner 


Bhendh/57 


benzene 


L.b.n/2 74 


blade 


Bhel/55 


banquet 


Bhe/53 


benzoin 


L.b.n/2 74 


blister 


Bhel/55 


banyan 


Wen/512 


berengina 




bloom 


Bhel/54 


Baptist 


Gwebh 1/174 


Vatir 


-ganah/493 


blossom 


Bhel/55 


Barbara 


Baba/45 


Bernard 


Bher 4/60 


board 


Bher 3/60 


barbarian 


Baba/45 




Kar 1/212 


boast 


Beu 2/48 


barbarous 


Baba/45 


beryl 


Velur/494 


boil 


Beu 2/48 


barbican 


Bhergh/62 


beryllium 


Velur/494 


bold 


Bhel/55 




Gwhen 1/183 


best 


Bhad/50 


bomb 


Bamb/4 6 


bard ash 


Vareta/493 




Isto/197 


bombast 


Pambak/351 


barium 


Gwer 1/178 


Beth 


B.y. t/73 


bombazine 


barometer 




Bethel 


B.y. t/73 




Pambak/351 




Gwer 1/178 




Layh/273 


bond 


Bhendh/57 


base 


Gwa/1 73 


Bethleherr 


1 B.y. t/73 


boom 


Bheu 3/64 


basic 


Gwa/1 73 


better 


Bhad/50 


booth 


Bheu 3/64 


basket 


Bhendh/57 


between 


Dwo/115 


borage 


A.r.q/34 


bazaar 


Aba/4 


beverage 


Po 2/374 




Ab 2/3 




Kwel/2 60 


bezoar 


Swhen 2/185 


borax 


Bher 4/60 


be 


Bheu 3/64 




Per 3/367 


border 


Bher 3/60 


be- 


Ambhi/21 


Bhagavad-Gita 


bore 


Bher 3/60 


beacon 


Bha 1/49 




Bhag/52 


boric 


Bher 4/60 


beam 


Bheu 3/64 




Gei/138 


Boron 


Bher 4/60 


bear 1 


Bher 1/59 


Bible 


J.b.l /199 


borough 


Bhergh/63 


bear 2 


Bher 4/60 


biblical 


J.b.l /199 


borzoi 


Mregu/312 


beaver 


Bher 4/60 


bibliography 


bosom 


Beu 2/48 


become 


Gwa/1 73 




J.b.l /199 


both 


Ambhi/21 


beef 


Gwou/187 


bicycle 


Dwo/115 


bottom 


Bhun/68 


beer 


Po 2/374 


bid 


Bheudh/65 


boulevard 


Bhel/54 


begum 


Umm/488 


big 


Beu 2/48 




Werg 1/519 


bellote 


Balut/46 


Big Ben 


B.n.v/70 


bourgeois 


Bhergh/63 


bellows 


Bhel/55 


binary 


Dwo/115 


boutique 


Dhe 2/95 


belly 


Bhel/55 


bind 


Bhendh/57 


bow 


Bhaghu /52 


belong 


Del/86 


biology 


Gwei/175 


bower 


Bheu 3/64 



603 



English 

B - C 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


bowl 


Beu 2/48 


bulk 


Bhel/54 


calm 


Kii 1/253 




Bhel/55 


bull 


Bhel/55 


calorie 


Kel 1/220 


brace 


Mregu/312 


bullet 


Beu 2/48 


Calvary 


Kelewo/223 


Brahma 


Bhergh/63 


bullion 


Beu 2/48 


Calvin 


Kelewo/223 


Brahman 


Bhergh/63 


bully 


Beu 2/48 


camel 


Jamal/198 


braise 


Bher 5/61 


bundle 


Bhendh/57 


camera 


Kara 2/207 


brand 


Bher 5/61 


burden 


Bher 1/59 


Camilla 


Q.d.m/380 


Brandy 


Bher 5/61 


burg 


Bhergh/63 


Camille 


Q.d.m/380 


brave 


Baba/45 


burglar 


Bhergh/63 


camisa 


Kern 2/223 


bravo 


Baba/45 


burn 


Bher 5/61 


camp 


Kam 2/207 


bread 


Bher 5/61 


buss 


Bu/72 


camphor 




breath 


Bher 5/61 


but 


Ud 1/486 


Karpurah/213 


breed 


Bher 5/61 


butcher 


Bhugo/68 


can 


Gno/168 


breeze 


Bher 5/61 


butter 


Gwou/187 


canal 


Gwhen 1/184 


brew 


Bher 5/61 




Teu 1/477 


canary 


Kwon/2 68 


bridegroom 


buzzard 


Beu 1/48 


Canary Islands 




Ghdhem/150 


byssus 


B.y.z/73 




Kwon/2 68 


bridge 


Bhru 1/67 






cancer 


Kar 1/212 


brief 


Mregu/312 




c 


candid 


Kand 1/209 


bright 


Bhereg/61 




candidate 


brilliant 


Velur/494 


Caaba 


K.a* .b/201 




Kand 1/209 


bring 


Bher 1/59 


cabaret 


Kara 2/207 


candle 


Kand 1/209 




Neku/328 


cable 


Habl/189 


candy 


Gwhen 1/182 


bronchitis 






Kap/210 


cane 


Gwhen 1/184 




Gwer 3/180 


cadmium 


Q.d.m/380 


cannon 


Gwhen 1/184 


bronze 


Berenza/4 7 


cadre 


Kwetwer/265 


canon 


Gwhen 1/184 


broth 


Bher 5/61 


Caesar 


Skhai/427 


Canterbury 


brother 


Bher 1/59 


cafe' 


Kaffa/203 




Bhergh/63 




Ter 3/475 


caffeine 


Kaffa/203 


canyon 


Gwhen 1/184 


brow 


Bhru 1/67 


caftan 


Kaftan/203 


caper Kapparis/211 


brown 


Bher 4/60 


cage 


Keu 2/232 


capstan 


Kap/210 


brunet 


Bher 4/60 


caiique 


Kay ik/ 216 


capsule 


Kap/210 


buck 


Bhugo/68 


cake 


Kak 4/205 


caption 


Kap/210 


bucket 


Beu 2/48 


calamity 


Kel 6/222 


captive 


Kap/210 


buckle 


Beu 2/48 


calendar 


Kel 3/221 


caracal 


Kar 2/213 


bud 


Beu 2/48 


calender 


Skel 1/423 


carafe 


Gh.r.f/165 


Buddha 


Bheudh/65 


calf 


Gwelbh/177 


caramel 


Kolemos/242 


budget 


Bhel/54 


caliber 


Kii 1/253 


carat 


Ker 1/226 


buffalo 


Gwou/187 




Ped/354 


caravan 


Koro/244 


build 


Bheu 3/64 


call 


Gal/ 13 6 


carbasus 












Karpasah/213 



604 



English 

c - c 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


carbon 


Ker 5/228 


caviar 


Aw/43 


chassis 


Kap/210 


carboy 


Qirbah/381 


cedar 


Q. t.r/382 


chastity 


Kes 1/231 


carburetor 




cement 


Skhai/427 


chateau 


Kes 1/231 




Ker 5/228 


cemetery 


Kei 4/219 


chauffeur 


Kel 1/220 


carcinogen 


censor 


Kens/225 


chebule 


Kapul/211 




Kar 1/212 


census 


Kens/225 


check 


Ksei 1/248 


card 


Cartes/74 


cent 


Dekm/85 


checkmate 


cardiac 


Kerd 1/229 


centenary 


Dekm/85 




Ksei 1/248 


cardiovascular 


centennial 


Dekm/85 




M.v. t/315 




Kerd 1/229 


centigrade 




cheek 


Ker 1/22 6 


caress 


Ka 1/201 




Gredh/1 69 


chemical 


Gheu 1/162 


Carl 


Ger 2/144 


centimeter 


Dekm/85 


chemise 


Kern 2/223 


carmine 


Gene 1/141 


centrifugal 


Bheug/65 


chemisette 




Wer 2/515 


century 


Dekm/85 




Kern 2/223 


carnival 


Legwh/27 5 


cephalic 




chemistry 


Al 3/17 




Sek/409 


Ghebh-el/152 




Gheu 1/162 


carnivorous 


ceramic 


Ker 5/228 




Kers 2/230 




Gwer 3/180 


chaeta 


Ghait/149 


cherish 


Ka 1/201 




Sek/409 


chafer 


Geph/142 


cherub 


B.r.k/71 


Carolina 


Ger 2/144 


chair 


Sed/406 


chess 


Ksei 1/248 


carrot 


Ker 1/22 6 


chalazion 


Gheled/156 


chew 


Geu 3/148 


cart 


Ger 1/143 


chamber 


Kam 2/207 


chibouk 


Cop/ 7 7 


carton 


Cartes/74 


Champaign 


chicane 


Cop/ 7 7 


cartoon 


Cartes/74 




Kam 2/207 


chicanery 


Cop/77 


cartridge 


Cartes/74 


champion 


Kam 2/207 


chiffon 


S.f.f/419 


cascade 


Kad 2/202 


chance 


Kad 2/202 


chimney 


Kam 2/207 


case 


Kap/210 


chandelier 




chin 


Genu 2/142 


cassock 


Kaz/216 




Kand 1/209 


chinch 


Kei 1/217 


castle 


Kes 1/231 


channel Gwhen 1/184 


chisel 


Skhai/427 


castrate 


Kes 1/231 


character 




chiton 


Kitu/238 


catch 


Kap/210 




Gher 3/159 


chlorine 


Ghel/156 


caterpillar 


Pilo/373 


charades 


Car/74 


chloroform 




Cathay 


Khitan/236 


charisma 


Gher 4/159 




Morwi/311 


cathode 


Sed/405 


charismatic 


chlorophyl 


Bhel/55 


Catholic 


Sol/434 




Gher 4/159 




Ghel/156 


Caucasiar 


Kreu/24 6 


charity 


Ka 1/201 


choice 


Geus/148 




Kii 1/253 


charlatan 


Car/74 


choir 


Gher 1/158 


caution 


Keu 3/233 


Charles 


Ger 2/144 


cholestero 




cave 


Keu 2/232 


chart 


Cartes/74 




Ster 3/450 


caveat 


Keu 3/233 


chasm 


Ghei/152 


choose 


Geus/148 



605 



English 

c - c 



WORD 


Roo 


t/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


chorus 


Gher 


1/158 


clause 


Kleu 2/241 


committee 




Christ 


Gher 


3/159 


clay 


Gel/139 




Smeit/430 


Christian 


Gher 


3/159 


clear 


Kei 3/221 


commode 


Me 2/294 


Christmas 






client 


Klei/239 


common 


Mei 3/297 




Gher 


3/159 




Kleu 1/240 


commotior 


1 Mew/309 


chrome 


Gher 


3/159 


climate 


Klei/239 


communicate 


chromium 






climax 


Klei/239 




Mei 3/297 




Gher 


3/159 


climb 


Gel/139 


communism 


chromosome 




cling 


Gel/139 




Mei 3/297 




Gher 


3/159 


clone 


Kei 6/222 


communis 


t 


chronic 


Gher 


1/158 


close 


Kleu 2/241 




Mei 3/297 


chronicle 


Gher 


1/158 


closet 


Kleu 2/241 


compact 


Pak/350 


chronolog 


cal 




cloud 


Gel/139 


company 


Pa/350 




Gher 


1/158 


clown 


Gel/139 


compare 


Per 4/368 


chronometer 






Kwel/2 61 


compass 


Pet 2/371 




Gher 


1/158 


club 


Gel/139 


compensate 


cimetar 


Sfsyr/419 


clumsy 


Gel/139 




Spen/437 


cimex 


Kei 


1/217 


clutch 


Gel/139 


compete 


Pet 1/370 


cinema 


Kei 


2/218 


coal 


Dhogh/104 


compose 


Apo/30 


cinnabar 






coast 


Kost/245 


compress 


Per 3/367 


Sinkadrus/420 


coffee 


Kaffa/203 


conceal 


Kei 2/220 


cipher 


Keu 


2/232 


coin 


Ku 2/254 


concise 


Skhai/427 


circle 


Sker 


1/424 


collar 


Kwel/2 61 


conclude 


Kleu 2/241 


circuit 




Ei/118 


Colombia 


Kei 4/222 


concord 


Kerd 1/229 


circumcise 




Colombo 


Kei 4/222 


condemn 


Da 1/78 




Skhai/427 


colon 


Skel 1/423 


condominium Dem/86 


circus 


Sker 


1/424 


colony 


Kwel/2 61 


conduct 


Deuk/92 


citation 


Kei 


2/218 


color 


Kei 2/220 


cone 


Ak/13 


cither 


Ten 


1/471 


Columba 


Kei 4/222 


confess 


Bha 2/50 


citric 


Q.t 


r/382 


columbarii 


jm 


confirm 


Dher 1/98 


citrus 


Q.t 


r/382 




Kei 4/222 


confuse 


Gheu 1/162 


cittern 


Ten 


1/471 


Columbia 


Kei 4/222 


congratulate 


city 


Kei 


4/219 


Columbus 


Kei 4/222 




Gwer 2/179 


civet 


Z.b 


d/54 


come 


Gwa/1 73 


congress 


Gredh/1 69 


civic 


Kei 


4/219 


comfort 


Bhergh/63 


conjugate 


Yeu 1/535 


civil 


Kei 


4/219 


comment 


Men 1/302 


connect 


Ned/ 32 4 


civilization 


Kei 


4/219 


commerce 


Merk/307 


conscience Sek/409 


claim 


Kei 


3/221 


commission 


conserve 


Ser 2/416 


clamp 


Gel/139 




Smeit/430 


consort 


Ser 3/416 


class 


Kei 


3/221 


commit 


Smeit/430 


constant 


Sta/445 



S06 



English 

C - D 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


constellation 


crack 


Ger 4/145 


curcuma 






Ster 2/450 


cradle 


Ger 1/143 




Kurkanu/257 


construct 


Ster 1/449 


crane 


Ger 4/145 


curium 


Skeu 2/425 


consul 


Kel 3/221 


crank 


Ger 1/143 


curl 


Ger 1/143 


contain 


Ten 1/472 


cravat 


Gwer 4/181 


curtain 


Gher 1/158 


contest 


Trei/481 


cream 


Gher 3/159 


curvature 




context 


Tex/4 79 


credit 


Kerd 1/229 




Sker 1/424 


contribute 


Bheu 3/64 


creep 


Ger 1/143 


curve 


Sker 1/424 


control 


Ret/392 


cremate 


Ker 5/228 


cushion 


Kenk 1/224 


convection Wegh/501 


crepe 


Sker 1/424 


cushy 


Su 1/454 


convert 


Wer 2/515 


crest 


Sker 1/424 


custom 


Seu 1/417 


convex 


Wegh/501 


crib 


Ger 1/143 


cutis 


Skeu 2/425 


cook 


Pekw/358 


cricket 


Ker 3/22 7 


cutlet 


Kost/245 


cookie 


Kak 4/205 


crimson 


Gene 1/141 


cycle 


Kwel/2 61 


coordinate 


Ar/32 




Wer 2/515 


cygnet 


Keuk 1/235 


copy 


Op/ 34 4 


cripple 


Ger 1/143 


cylinder 


Kwel/2 61 


cordial 


Kerd 1/229 


crisp 


Sker 1/424 




Skel 1/423 


core 


Kerd 1/229 


Croat 


Gwer 4/181 


cymbal 


Geu 1/147 


corn 


Ger 2/144 


Croatia 


Gwer 4/181 


Cyrus 


Sker 1/424 


corner 


Ker 1/22 6 


crocodile 


Korka/243 


cyst 


Kwes/2 64 


corona 


Sker 1/424 


croon 


Ger 4/145 


czar 


Skhai/427 


corporation Kwer/2 63 


crop 


Ger 1/143 


Czechoslovakia 


corpse 


Kwer/2 63 


crow 


Ger 4/145 




Kleu 1/240 


correct 


Reg 1/387 


crown 


Sker 1/424 






corrupt 


Reu 2/393 


crude 


Kreu/24 6 




D 


corset 


Kwer/2 63 


crumb 


Ger 1/143 




cosmetic 


Kens/225 


crust 


Kreu/24 6 


dad 


Atos/38 


cosmic 


Kens/225 


crutch 


Ger 1/143 


daddy 


Atos/38 


cosmonaut Na 1/316 


cryogenic 


Kreu/24 6 


dairy 


Dheigh/96 


cosmos 


Kens/225 


crystal 


Kreu/24 6 


damage 


Da 1/78 


cost 


Sta/445 


cube 


K.a* .b/201 


damn 


Da 1/78 


cotton 


Kitu/238 


cuisine 


Pekw/358 


damp 


Dhem/97 


council 


Kel 3/221 


culture 


Kwel/2 61 


Dan 


Dinu/108 


couple 


Ap 2/28 


cummerbund 


danger 


Dem/86 


courage 


Kerd 1/229 




Kara 2/207 


Daniel 


Dinu/108 


court 


Gher 1/158 


cuneiform 


Ku 2/254 




Layh/2 73 


courtesy 


Gher 1/158 


cup 


Geu 1/147 


Danube 


Da 2/79 


cousin 


Seu 1/417 


Cupid 


Kup 2/256 


dare 


Dhars/93 


cover 


Wer 3/516 


cur 


Ger 4/145 


dark 


Dher 2/99 


cow 


Gwou/187 


curb 


Sker 1/424 


data 


Do 2/109 



607 



English 

D - D 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


date 1 


Daqal/79 


denominate Nomn/34 


difficult 


Dhe 2/95 


date 2 


Do 2/109 


dental 


Ed/117 


digit 


Deik/82 


daughter 


Dheugh/101 


denture 


Ed/ 117 


dignity 


Dek/83 




Ter 3/475 


deny 


Ne 1/321 


dim 


Dhem/97 


dawn 


Dhogh/104 


depend 


Spen/437 


dime 


Dekm/84 


day 


Dhogh/104 


derange 


Sker 1/424 


dimension 


Me 2/293 


deaf 


Dheu 2/100 


derive 


Er 1/126 


Dinar 


Dekm/84 


Debbie 


D.b.r/80 


-derm 


Der 1/89 


dinosaur 


Dwei/114 


Deborah 


D.b.r/80 


derma 


Der 1/89 


diphtheria 


Deph/88 


debris 


Bher 3/60 




Der 1/89 


diploma 


Dwo/115 


deca- 


Dekm/84 


descend 


Skand/422 


diplomat 


Dwo/115 


decade 


Dekm/84 


desiccate 


Seiku/407 


dire 


Dwei/114 


decay 


Kad 2/202 


desk 


Deik/82 


direct 


Reg 1/387 


deceive 


Kap/210 


destroy 


Ster 1/449 


disaster 


Ster 2/450 


Decembe 


Dekm/84 


detect 


Steg/447 


disc 


Deik/82 


decent 


Dek/83 


determine 


Ter 1/474 


disciple 


Dek/83 


deci- 


Dekm/84 


detonate 


Ten 2/472 


discipline 


Dek/83 


decimal 


Dekm/84 


devil 


Dwo/115 


discuss 


Deik/82 


decipher 


Keu 2/232 




Gwel 1/176 


disgust 


Geus/148 


deck 


Steg/447 


devote 


Wegwh/502 


dismal 


Mel 2/299 


declare 


Kel 3/221 


dew 


Dheu 1/99 


dispatch 


Ped/353 


decline 


Klei/239 


dexter 


Dek/83 


disrupt 


Reu 2/393 


decorate 


Dek/83 


dextro- 


Dek/83 


distance 


Sta/445 


deed 


Dhe 2/95 


diabetes 


Dwo/115 


distinguish 


Steig/448 


deer 


Dheu 2/100 




Gwa/1 73 


divert 


Wer 2/515 


defeat 


Dhe 2/95 


diadem 


De 1/80 


divest 


Wes 3/521 


defense 


Gwhen 2/185 


diagnosis 


Gno/168 


divide 


Weidh/505 


defer 


Bher 1/59 


diagonal 


Genu 1/142 


divine 


Dei/81 


degree 


Gredh/1 69 


dial 


Dei/81 


dizzy 


Dheu 2/100 


deity 


Dei/81 


dialysis 


Dwo/115 


do 


Dhe 2/95 


deliberate 






Leu/280 


doctor 


Dek/83 




Lithra/284 


dialyze 


Leu/280 


document 


Dek/83 


Delilah 


D. 1.1/108 


diameter 


Dwo/115 


dolman 


Dolmak/109 


deliver 


Leudh/281 




Me 2/293 


dolman sleeve 


democracy Da 1/78 


diamond 


Dema/87 




Dolmak/109 




Kar 1/212 


diarrhea 


Ser 1/415 


dolphin 


Gwelbh/177 


demography Da 1/78 


diary 


Dei/81 


domain 


Dem/86 


demon 


Da 1/78 


dictate 


Deik/82 


dome 


Dem/86 


demonstrate 


diet 


Ai/8 


domestic 


Dem/86 




Men 1/302 


differ 


Bher 1/59 


dominate 


Dem/86 



)08 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



English 

D - E 

Root/Page 



donate Do 2/109 

door Dhwer/106 

Dorothy Do 2/109 

dose Do 2/109 

douche Deuk/92 

dough Dheigh/96 

dove Dheu 2/100 

dozen Dekm/84 

Dwo/115 
draft Dhragh 1/105 
drag Dhragh 1/105 
dragoman 

Ragamu/384 
dragon Derk/90 

drape Der 1/89 

draw Dhragh 1/105 
dream Dhreugh/105 
dress Reg 1/387 

drill Ter 1/474 

drink Dhragh 1/105 
-drome Der 2 /90 
droshky 

Dhragh 1/105 
drown Dhragh 1/105 
duct Deuk/92 

dull Dheu 2/100 

dumb Dheu 2/100 
dungeon Dem/86 

duration Deru 1 /91 
dust Dheu 2/100 

dysfunction Dus/113 
dystrophy Dus/113 

E 

eagle Akwa/14 

ear Ous 1/347 

early Ayer/44 

east Aus 2/41 

Easter Aus 2/41 



eat Ed/117 

ebony Hebni/190 

echolalia La/270 

eclipse Leigh 2/277 

eco- Weik 2/506 

ecology Weik 2/506 

economy Nem 1/329 
Weik 2/506 

eddy Eti/132 
eddy current Eti/132 

Edgar Ghei 2/154 

edge Ak/12 

edible Ed/ 117 

edit Do 2/109 

educate Deuk/92 

effect Dhe 2/95 

effort Bhergh/63 

egg Aw/ 4 3 

ego Eg/2 2 8 

eight Okto/342 

eighteen Okto/342 

eighty Okto/342 

either Kwo/2 6"7 

El Layh/2 73 

elbow El 3 /122 

element Yb/533 

elephant Yb/533 

elevate Legwh/275 

eleven I 2/195 
Leigh 2/277 

Elijah Layh/2 73 

Elisha Layii/2 73 

elixir Al 3/17 
Ksero/250 

Elizabeth Layh/273 

elk El 2/122 

elm E2 2/122 

Elohim Layii/2 73 

else A2 1/15 

embalm Busma/72 



embassy Ag/5 

Ambhi/21 
emblic Amalaka/20 
embrace Mregu/312 
emerald B.r.q/71 

eminent Men 3/303 
emit Smeit/430 

Emmanuel 

A' .m.m/22 
emotion Mew/309 

emphasis, phos 

Bha 1/49 
empty Me 2/294 

emulsion Melg/300 
en- En/124 

enamel Mel 3/300 
encyclopedia 

Kwel/2 61 

Pou/376 
energy Werg 1/519 
engine Gene 1/141 
engineer Gene 1/141 
England Ang/2 6 

English Ang/26 

enormous Gnd/168 
enough Neku/328 

entity Es 2/131 

envy Weid/504 

enzyme Yeu 3/536 
epidemic Da 1/78 

Epi/125 
epilepsy Epi/125 

Episcopal Epi/125 
episode En/124 

Sed/405 
equilibrium 

Lithra/284 
era Aios/10 

ere Ayer/44 

error Eres 1/130 



609 



English 

E - F 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



erst Ayer/44 

escalator Skand/422 
escort Reg 1/387 

esophagus Bhag/52 



Spek/436 
Es 2/131 
Isto/197 
Aidh/9 
Eti/132 
I 2/194 
Ki 2/237 
Ed/ 117 
Ai w/1 1 
Seu 1/417 
ethmoid bone 

Se 3/404 
Seu 1/417 
Steii 



espionage 
essence 
-est 
estuary 
et cetera 



etch 

eternity 

ethics 



ethnic 

etiquette 

eucalyptus 

Kel 2/220 

Su 1/456 
Euclid Su 1/456 

Eugene Gene 1/141 

Su 1/456 
Euphrates Per 2/365 

Su 1/454 
Europe Erebu/128 
euterp Terp/4 75 

Evangelical Agaru/6 

Su 1/456 
Kup 2/256 



evaporate 

Eve 

evening 

event 

ever 

every 

evident 

evil 

evolution 

exact 



H.y.y/193 

Apo/30 

Gwa/1 73 

Ai w/1 1 

Ai w/1 1 

We id/504 

Upo/489 

Wei 3/511 

Ag/5 



excavate 

except 

excite 

exclude 

execute 

exhale 

exhort 

exile 

exit 

expect 

expend 

explain 

express 

extinguish 

eye 

eyebrow 



Keu 2/232 

Kap/210 

Kei 2/218 

Kleu 2/241 

Sekw/410 

An 1/24 

Gher 4/159 

AI 4/18 

Ei/118 

Sta/445 

Spek/436 

Spen/437 

Pele/361 

Per 3/367 

Steig/448 

Okw/343 

Bhru 1/67 



face 


Dhe 2/95 


facility 


Dhe 2/95 


fact 


Dhe 2/95 


factor 


Dhe 2/95 


factory 


Dhe 2/95 


faculty 


Dhe 2/95 


fail 


Ghuel/166 


failure 


Ghuel/166 


falcon 


Pel 2/360 


false 


Ghuel/166 


fame 


Bha 2/50 


familiar 


Dhe 2/95 


family 


Dhe 2/95 


fan 


We 1/496 


far 


Per 1/364 


farm 


Dher 1/98 


fascism 


Bhendh/57 


fat 


Pei/355 


fate 


Bha 2/50 


father 


Pa/350 



eather 

eed 

: eel 

: ellow 

: emale 

ence 

: ender 

: erment 

ertile 

ervent 

etch 

etus 

: eudal 

ever 

ew 

iction 

ield 

ifteen 

ifty 

ight 

igure 

ilament 

ile 

'Net 

ilth 

ind 

inger 

irm 

irst 

1st 
istic 
ive 
lat 
loor 

Florence 
lorist 
lourish 



Ter 3/475 
Pet 1/370 
Pa/350 
Pol /375 
Pek/357 
Dhe 1 /93 
Gwhen 2/185 
Gwhen 2/185 
Bher 5/61 
Bher 1/59 
Bher 5/61 
Ped/354 
Dhe 1 /93 
Pek/357 
Dhogh/104 
Pou/376 
Dheigh/96 
Pele/361 
Penkwe/362 
Penkwe/362 
Pek/357 
Dheigh/96 
Gwhi/186 
Gwhi/186 
Peig/356 
Gwhi/186 
Pu 4/378 
Pent/ 362 
Penkwe/362 
Dher 1/98 
Isto/197 
Per 1/364 
Penkwe/362 
Bistak/69 
Penkwe/362 
Pele/361 
Pele/361 
Bhel/55 
Bhel/55 
Bhel/55 



610 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



English 

F - G 

Root/Page 



flower. Bhel/55 

fluent Bhel/55 

fluid Bhel/55 

fluorescent Bhel/55 
fluoride Bhel/55 

flush Bhel/55 

flute Agaruh/6 

Al 3/17 
flux Bhel/55 

foliage Bhel/55 

font Gheu 1/162 

food Pa/ 350 

foot Ped/354 

for Per 1/364 

forbid Bheudh/65 

force Bhergh/63 

forceps Gwher/186 
Kap/210 
forego Ghe 1/151 

foreign Dhwer/106 
forest Dhwer/106 

former Per 1/364 
formic [acid] 

Morwi/311 
fort Bhergh/63 

fortify Dhe 2/95 

forty Kwetwer/265 

foul Pu 4/378 

foundation Bhun/68 
fountain Dhen/97 

four Kwetwer/265 

fourteen 

Kwetwer/265 
Franc Frankon/134 
France Frankon/134 
franchise 

Frankon/134 
Frank Frankon/134 
Franklin Frankon/134 
fraternity Bher 1/59 



free Prl/377 

fresh Prl/377 

friction Bher 3/60 

Friday Prl/377 

friend Prl/377 

fry Bher 2/59 

fugitive Bheug/65 

full Pel 2/359 

fume Diieu 2/2 00 
fundamental Bhun/68 

fungus Spongo /441 

funnel Gheu 1/162 

fur Pa/350 

furnace Gwher/186 

fuse Giieu 2/2 6"2 

fustic Bistak/69 

future Biieu 3/6"4 

fuzzy Pu 4/378 

-fy Dhe 2/95 



gable Ghebh-el/152 
Gabriel j.&.r/200 
Layh/2 73 
galingale 

Kulanja/255 
galiot Gaulos/138 

galleon Gaulos/138 
galley Gaulos/138 

galliot Gaulos/138 

gamo- Geme/140 

-gamy Geme/140 

gander Ghans/149 
gang Ghengh/157 

gangrene Gras/169 
gangster Ghengh/157 
gannet Ghans/149 
gap Ghei/152 

gape Ghei/152 



garden Gher 1/158 

garfish Ghei 2/2 54 

gargle Gwer 3/180 

garlic Ghei 2/254 

gasket Wreg 1/527 

gasp Ghei/152 

-gate Ag/5 

gauze Kaz/22 6" 

Gazelle G.z. 1/188 

gazette Gzn/188 

Gemini Yem/534 

gene Gene 1/141 

general Gene 1/141 
generation 

Gene 1/141 

genius Gene 1/141 

gentle Gene 1/141 

geometry Me 2/293 

George Werg 1/519 

Gerald Ghei 2/154 

geranium Ger 4/145 

Gerard Kar 1/212 

geyser Gheu 1/162 

ghost Gheis/155 

ghoul G. v. 1/171 

gibbon Ab 2/3 
Z.n.y/541 

Gibraltar Al 3/17 

J.b.l /199 

gilet Ijlak/196 

ginger Ker 1/22 6 

gingerale Ker 1/22 6 

giraffe Zarafah/539 

gizzard Yekwer/533 

glad Ghel/156 

gladiator Kel 6/222 

glass Ghel/156 

globe Gel/139 

globule Gel/139 

gloss Ghel/156 



)11 



English 

G - H 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


glossolalic 


i La/2 70 


griffin 


B.r.k/71 


hatch 


Kak 1/204 


glow 


Ghel/156 


grim 


Ghrem/1 64 


hate 


Kad 1/202 


glue 


Gel/139 


group 


Ger 1/143 


have 


Kap/210 


gnat 


Ghen/157 


grumble 


Ghrem/1 64 


hay 


Kau/215 


gnaw 


Ghen/157 


guide 


We id/504 


he 


Ki 2/237 


gnosis 


Gno/168 


guitar 


Ten 1/471 


heap 


Geu 1/147 


go 


Ghe 1/151 




Trei/481 


hear 


Keu 3/233 


goat 


Ghaido/148 


gun 


Gwhen 2/185 


heart 


Kerd 1/229 


God 


Ghu 1/165 


gust 


Gheu 1/162 


hearth 


Ker 5/228 


gold 


Ghel/156 


gym 


Nogw/339 


heaven 


Kam 2/207 


gondola 


Gwhen 1/183 


gymnasium Nogw/339 


heavy 


Kap/210 


good-bye 


Ghu 1/165 


gymnastics Nogw/339 


Hebrew 


A* .b.r/4 


good-night Ghu 1/165 


gynecology 


hectare 


As/35 


goose 


Ghans/149 




Gwen 1/178 




Dekm/85 


grab 


Ghrebh/1 64 


gyno- 


Gwen 1/178 


hecto- 


Dekm/85 


grace 


Gwer 2/179 


gypsum 


Gassu/138 


heel 


Kenk 1/224 


gracile 


Kerk/230 


gyroscope Geu 1/14 6 


heir 


Ghe 1/151 


gracious 


Gwer 2/179 






Helen 


Sawel/403 


grade 


Gredh/1 69 




H 


helicopter 


Pet 1/370 


gradient 


Gredh/1 69 




helium 


Sawel/403 


graduate 


Gredh/1 69 


hack 


Keg/ 21 7 


helix 


Wei 3/511 


grain 


Ger 2/144 


Hagar 


H.j.r/190 


hell 


Kel 2/220 


granite 


Ger 2/144 


half 


Sek/409 


helmet 


Kel 2/220 


granule 


Ger 2/144 


hall 


Kel 2/220 


hemorrhoid 


grape 


Ger 1/143 


hame 


Kara 1/206 




Ser 1/415 


grasp 


Ghrebh/1 64 


hamlet 


Kei 4/219 


hence 


Ki 2/237 


grateful 


Gwer 2/179 


Hamlet 


Kei 4/219 


Henry 


Kei 4/219 


grave 


Gwer 1/178 


hammer 


Ak/12 


heparin 


Yekwer/533 


gravel 


Gher 3/159 


harbor 


Bhergh/63 


hepatic 


Yekwer/533 


gravity 


Gwer 1/178 




Koro/244 


her 


Ki 2/237 


gravy 


Ger 2/144 


hard 


Kar 1/212 


herb 


Bheu 3/64 


grease 


Kiru/238 


harem 


H.r.m/192 


Herbert 


Koro/244 


great 


Gher 3/159 


harm 


Kormo/243 


Hercules 


Ser 2/416 


greave 


Giirb/1 70 


harmattan H.r.m/192 


herd 


Kerd 2/229 


greed 


Gher 4/159 


harmony 


Ar/32 


here 


Ki 2/237 


greedy 


Gher 4/159 


harness 


Nes 1/332 


heredity 


Ghe 1/151 


greet 


Ghlad/163 


Harold 


Koro/244 


herem 


H.r.m/192 


Gregorian 


Ger 3/145 


Harry 


Koro/244 


heritage 


Ghe 1/151 


Gregory 


Ger 3/145 


hasis 


H.s.s/193 


Herman 


Koro/244 


grief 


Gwer 1/178 


hasta 


Ghesto/161 




Men 1/302 



S12 



English 

H - I 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


hero 


Ser 2/416 


horticulture 


iceberg 


Bhergh/63 


heterodox 


Dek/83 




Gher 1/158 


idea 


We id/504 


hexadecimal 


hose 


Skeu 2/425 


identical 


I 2/194 




Sweks/4 60 


hostage 


Sed/406 


identify 


I 2/194 


hexagon 


Sweks/4 60 


hound 


Kwon/2 68 


identity 


I 2/194 


hibernate 


Ghei 1/153 


hour 


Ei/119 


if 


I 2/194 


hide 


Skeu 2/425 


housel 


Kwen 1/2 61 


ignore 


Gno/168 


high, height 


how 


Kwo/2 67 


ihram 


H.r.m/192 




Geu 1/147 


hue 


Kei 1/217 


illuminate 


Leuk/282 


him 


Ki 2/237 


human 


Ghdhem/150 


illustrate 


Leuk/282 


Himalayan 




humane 


Ghdhem/150 


Immanuel 


A' .m.m/22 




Ghei 1/153 


humble 


Ghdhem/150 




Layh/2 73 


Hindu 


Sy and/ 463 


humid 


Wegw/501 


immediate 




hip 


Geu 1/147 


humility 


Ghdhem/150 




Medhyo/295 


hippopotamus 


humor 


Wegw/501 


immigration 




Ekwos/121 


hump 


Geu 1/147 




Mei 3/297 




Pet 1/370 


hunch 


Kung/255 


imminent 


Men 3/303 


his 


Ki 2/237 


hunch-back Kung/255 


impede 


Ped/353 


history 


We id/504 


hundred 


Dekm/85 


impose 


Apo/30 


hoard 


Urmak/491 


husband 


Bheu 3/64 


in 


En/124 


Hobson-jobson 


hut 


Skeu 2/425 


in- 1 


En/124 




H.s.n/192 


hyacinth 




in- 2 


Ne 1/322 


hoe 


Kau/215 


Hyak 


inthos/193 


inaugurate 


Aueg/4 


hog 


Su 2/457 


hydrant 


Wed/ 4 98 


incandescent 


hole 


Kel 2/220 


hydro 


Wed/ 4 98 




Kand 1/209 


hollow 


Kel 2/220 


hydrogen 


Gene 1/141 


inch 


I 2/195 


holocaust 


Ku 1/253 




Wed/ 4 98 


incident 


Kad 2/202 




Sol/434 


hyena 


Su 2/457 


incision 


Skhai/427 


hologram 


Sol/434 


hygiene 


Gwei/175 


incline 


Klei/239 


holograph 


Sol/434 




Su 1/456 


include 


Kleu 2/241 


homicide 


Ghdhem/150 


hyper 


Upo/490 


income 


Gwa/1 73 


homogenous 


hyperbola 




indemnify 


Da 1/78 




Sem 1/412 




Gwel 1/176 


index 


Deik/82 


hone 


Ak/13 


hypnotism 


Swep/4 62 


India 


Sy and/ 463 


hoof 


Kapho/211 


hysteresis 


Ud 1/486 


Indian 


Sy and/ 463 


hook 


Keg/ 21 7 






indigo 


Sy and/ 463 


hoopoe 


Opop/345 




I 


indium 


Sy and/ 463 


horn 


Ker 1/22 6 




Indonesia 


Sna/431 


horoscope 


Ei/119 


1 


Eg/ 118 


induce 


Deuk/92 


horror 


Ghers/1 60 


ice 


Eis 2/120 


induction 


Deuk/92 



613 



English 

I - K 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


industry 


Ster 1/449 


iris 


Wei 1/502 


Jim 


A' .q.b/30 


ineffective 


Ne 1/322 


iron 


Eis 1/119 


Joanne 


H.n.n/191 


inept 


Ap 2/28 


irony 


Wer 1/514 


Joel 


Layh/2 73 


infant 


Bha 2/50 


is 


Es 2/131 


John 


H.n.n/191 


inferior 


En/124 


Isaac 


Z.h.k/540 


join 


Yeu 1/535 


infest 


Dhars/93 


Ishmael 


Layh/2 73 


journal 


Dei/81 


influence 


Bhel/55 




S.m. 'a/430 


journey 


Dei/81 


ingot 


Gheu 1/162 


Islam 


S.l.m/429 


jowl 


Geph/142 


ingredient 


Gredh/1 69 


island 


Akwa/14 


judge 


Deik/82 


inhale 


An 1/24 


isosceles 


Skel 1/423 


juice 


Yeu 3/536 


inherit 


Ghe 1/151 


Israel 


Layh/2 73 


julep 


Ab 1/1 


initial 


Ei/118 


it 


Ki 2/237 




Wrdho/52 6 


innocent 


Nek 1/327 


item 


I 2/194 


Julian 


Dei/81 


innovate 


Newo/334 


iterate 


I 2/194 


Julius 


Dei/81 


insect 


Sek/408 


Ivan 


H.n.n/191 


July 


Dei/81 


insert 


Ser 3/416 


ivory 


Yb/533 


jungle Jangalah/198 


inspect 


Spek/436 






junior 


Yeu 2/535 


instant 


Sta/445 




J 


jupe 


J.b.b/198 


instinct 


Steig/448 




Jupiter 


Dei/81 


instruction 




Jack 


A' .q.b/30 


jupon 


J.b.b/198 




Ster 1/449 


jackal 


Srgala/443 


juvenile 


Yeu 2/535 


inter- 


En/124 


Jacob 


A' .q.b/30 






interest 


En/124 


Jacqueline 




K 




Es 2/131 




A' .q.b/30 




interface 


En/124 


jail 


Keu 2/232 


Kaaba 


K.a' .b/201 


interfere 


Bher 3/60 


James 


A' .q.b/30 


Kabul 


Kapul/211 


international En/124 


Jane 


H.n.n/191 


kameez 


Kern 2/223 


interrupt 


Reu 2/393 


janitor 


Ei/119 


Karl 


Ger 2/144 


interview 


We id/504 


January 


Ei/119 


kennel 


Kwon/2 68 


intestine 


En/124 


Jaob 


Ab 2/3 


kermes 


Gene 1/141 


intimate 


En/124 


jar 


K.r.v/247 




Wer 2/515 


introduction Deuk/92 


Jasper 1 


Gzn/188 


kerosene 


Kiru/238 


invent 


Gwa/1 73 


jasper 2 


Yasfa/532 


khaki 


Xak/528 


invert 


Wer 2/515 


jealous 


Ya/531 


khan 


Khan/236 


invest 


Wes 3/521 


Jean 


H.n.n/191 


Khitan 


Khitan/ 236 


involve 


Wei 3/511 


jecoral 


Yekwer/533 


Khotan 


Khitan/ 236 


ion 


Ei/119 


jersey 


Skhai/427 


kidney 


Aw/43 


Ionian 


H.n.n/191 


Jersey 


Skhai/427 


kiln 


Pekw/358 


Ionic 


H.n.n/191 


Jerusalem s.l.m/429 


kilo 


Gheslo/161 


Ireland 


Al 1/15 




Yarah/532 


kilogram 


Gheslo/161 



)14 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



English 

K - M 

Root/Page 



kilometer Gheslo/161 
kilowatt Gheslo/161 
kind Gene 1/141 

kindergarten 

Gher 1/158 
kinetic Kei 2/218 

king Gene 1/141 

kiosk Geu 1/14 6 

kitchen Pekw/358 

knee Genu 1/142 

kneel Genu 1/142 

Kneseth Kel 3/221 
know Gnd/168 

Krishna Ker 4/228 

Kers 2/230 
kudos Keu 3/233 

kummerbund 

Kara 2/207 



lacerate Lek/279 

lackey ui/487 

lacquer Alek/19 

Reg 3/388 
ladder Klei/239 

lady Dheigh/96 

lamb El 2/122 

lament La/270 

language Dinghw/107 
laparotomy Lep/2 79 
lapis lazuli Lajin/271 
lark Leig/276 

last lsto/197 

lathi Lakti/271 

Latvia Leudh/281 

lead Leith/2 78 

leaf Leup/283 

lean Klei/239 

leather Letro/280 



eaven Legwh/275 

eg Lek/2 78 

emon Nimbu/336 
emonade Nlmbu/336 

end Leigh 2/277 

Leonard Kar 1/212 

eopard Prs/377 

etter Deph/88 

ever Legwh/275 

iberty Leudh/281 

Libra Lithra/284 

ick Leigii 2/2 76" 

id Klei/239 

ife Leip/2 78 

ight 1 Leuk/282 

ight 2 Legwii/2 75 

ighting Leuk/282 

ightning Leuk/282 

ilac Afei 1/326 

ime Nimbu/336 

ip Lab/2 74 

iquid Leigh 2/277 

iquor Leigh 2/277 

isten KJeu 1/240 

iter Lithra/284 
iterature Deph/88 

itre Lithra/284 

ive Leip/278 

iver Leip/278 

izard Leic/2 78 

oad Leith/278 

oan Leigh 2/277 

obby Leup/283 

obster Leic/2 78 

OCUSt Leic/2 78 

odge Leup/283 

oft Leup/283 

ogarithm Ar/32 
oil sharob Lal/2 72 

ong Del/86 



longitude Del/86 

loot Leup/283 
Los Angeles Agaru/6" 

lot KJeu 2/242 

lottery Kieu 2/242 

lotto Kleu 2/241 

lotus Ladunu/270 

loud Kleu 2/240 

lull La/270 

lunar Leuk/282 

luster Leuic/282 

lute Agaruh/6 
Al 3/17 

M 

Macedonia Mak/290 
machine Maghl/288 
macrame Q.r.m/382 
macro- Mak/290 

macron Mak/290 

mad Mei 3/297 

Madame Dem/86 

Madonna Dem/86 

magazine Gzn/188 
Maggie 

Murvarit/315 
magic Maghl/288 

magnitude Meg/295 
magnum Meg/295 

maharajah Meg/295 
mahatma Meg/295 
maid Maghos/289 

maiden Maghos/289 
main Maghl/288 

majesty Meg/295 

major Meg/295 

malachite M.l.h/310 
malady Mel 2/299 
Malaga M.l.h/310 



>15 



English 

M - M 



WORD Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


malaria Mel 2/299 


margin 


Merg/307 


mattress 


T.r.h/483 


We 1/496 


Maria 


R.y.m/396 


mauve 


M.l.h/310 


malfunction 


Marianne 


R.y.m/396 


maximum 


Emos/123 


Mel 2/299 


marihuana 






Meg/295 


malicious Mel 2/299 




R.y.m/396 


may 


Maghl/288 


malignant Mel 2/299 


marijuana 


R.y.m/396 


May 


Meg/295 


mallemuck Muk/314 


Marilyn 


R.y.m/396 


mayor 


Meg/295 


mallow M.l.h/310 


Marjorie 




meager 


Mak/290 


malt Mel 3/300 


Mu 


rvarlt/315 


meal 


Me 2/293 


mammal Ma/286 


mark 


Merg/307 


mean 1 


Medhyo/295 


man Men 1/302 


market 


Merk/307 


mean 2 


Mel 3/297 


mandil 


marrano 


H.r.m/192 


measure 


Me 2/293 


Mantellum/291 


marrow 


Mozgo/312 


meat 


Mad/28 7 


mandrel Menth/304 


martyr 


Mer 1/304 


mechanic 


Maghl/288 


mandril Menth/304 


Marvin 


R.y.m/396 


median 


Medhyo/295 


mane Men 3/303 


Mary 


R.y.m/396 


medicine 


Me 2/294 


maneuver Op/344 


mascara 


S.x.r/463 


Mediterranean 


maniac Men 1/302 


mask 


S.x.r/463 




Medhyo/295 


manifest Dhars/93 


masque 


S.x.r/463 




Ters/476 


manikin Men 1/302 


masquerade 


medium 


Medhyo/295 


manipulate 




S.x.r/463 


meed 


Mizdho/310 


Pel 1/359 


massage 


M.s.s/313 


mega- 


Meg/295 


mansion Men 2/303 


master 


Meg/295 


melancholy Ghel/156 


manteau 


mat 


Mad/287 




Mel 1/299 


Mantellum/291 


mat 1 


M.v. t/315 


melt 


Mel 3/300 


mar Mer 3/306 


matador 


M.v. t/315 


memory 


Mer 1/304 


maranatha 


match 1 


Meug/308 


menorah 


N.w.r/341 


H.r.m/192 


mate 1 


Mad/28 7 


mental 


Men 1/302 


marble Mer 2/305 


mate 2 


M.v. t/315 


mention 


Men 1/302 


marcasite 


material 


Ma/286 


merchant 


Merk/307 


Magslsa/289 


maternal 


Ma/286 


mercury 


Merk/307 


march Merg/307 


maternity 


Ma/286 


mercy 


Merk/307 


Margaret 


mathematics 


merry 


Mregu/312 


Murvarlt/315 




Men 1/302 


Messiah 


M.s.h/312 


margarine 


matrimony 


Ma/286 


metabolism 


Murvarlt/315 


matrix 


Ma/286 




Gwel 1/176 


Margarita 


mattamore 




metallurgy 


i 


Murvarlt/315 




Temar/470 




Werg 1/519 


margarite 


matte 


Mad/28 7 


meteor 


Wer 6/517 


Murvarlt/315 


matter 


Ma/286 


meter 


Me 2/293 



616 



English 

M - N 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


method 


Sed/405 


model 


Me 2/294 


motor 


Mew/ 30 9 


methylene 


Medhu/294 


moderate 


Me 2/294 


mount 


Men 3/303 


metro 


Ma/286 


modern 


Me 2/294 


mountain 


Men 3/303 


metropolitan Ma/286 


modest 


Me 2/294 


mourn 


Mer 1/304 


Michael 


Layh/273 


modify 


Dhe 2/95 


mouse 


Mu/313 


microbe 


Gwei/175 


module 


Me 2/294 


mouth 


Menth/304 


microscope Spek/436 


mogul 


Muk/314 


move 


Mew/ 30 9 


middle 


Medhyo/295 


Moharram 




mow 


Muk/314 


might 


Maghl/288 




H.r.m/192 


much 


Meg/295 


migraine 


Ker 1/226 


moist 


Meug/308 


mucro 


Meuk/309 


migrate 


Mei 3/297 


mold 


Me 2/294 


mucus 


Meug/308 


mild 


Mel 3/300 


mollusk 


Mel 3/300 


mud 


Meu 1/308 


mile 


Gheslo/161 


momentum Mew/309 


mulch 


Mel 3/300 


milk 


Mel g/ 300 


mona 


Y.m.n/537 


mummery Mum/ 31 4 


milliard 


Gheslo/161 


Monday 


Me 2/293 


mummy 


Mum/314 


milligram 


Gheslo/161 


monitor 


Men 1/302 


murder 


Mer 2/305 


millimeter 




monkey 


Y.m.n/537 


muscle 


Mu/313 




Gheslo/161 


monsoon 


W.s.m/527 


museum 


Men 1/302 


million 


Gheslo/161 


monster 


Men 1/302 


music 


Men 1/302 


mina 


Mad/28 7 


month 


Me 2/293 


musk 


Mu/313 




Mana/290 


monument 




mussuck 




minaret 


N.w.r/341 




Men 1/302 




Masakah/291 


mind 


Men 1/301 


mood 


Me 2/294 


mussuk 


Masakah/291 


mine 


Mana/290 


moon 


Me 2/293 


must 1 


Me 2/294 


mini-jupe 


J.b.b/198 


morbid 


Mer 2/306 


must 2 


Meu 1/308 


minimum 


Emos/123 


more 


Meg/295 


mustache 


Menth/304 


mis- 


Mei 3/297 


Morocco 


Erebu/128 


mustard 


Meu 1/308 


miscellaneous 


mortal 


Mer 2/306 


mutton 


Mel 3/300 




Meig/298 


mortar 


Mer 2/306 


myna 


Mad/28 7 


misfortune 


mortgage 


Mer 2/306 








Mei 3/297 


mortuary 


Mer 2/306 




N 


missile 


Smeit/430 


mosaic 


Men 1/302 




mission 


Smeit/430 


Moslem 


S.l.m/429 


nail 


Nogh/338 


mist 


Meig/298 


mosque 


Masgda/292 


naked 


Nogw/339 


mistake 


Mei 3/297 


moss 


Meu 1/308 


name 


Nomn/34 


Mithras 


Mei 4/297 


most 


Isto/197 


nana 


Nana/319 


mitigate 


Mei 1/296 


mother 


Ma/286 


nanny 


Nana/319 


mix 


Meig/298 




Ter 3/475 


nano- 


Nana/319 


mobile 


Mew/ 30 9 


motion 


Mew/ 30 9 


nanometer Nana/ 31 9 


mode 


Me 2/294 


motive 


Mew/ 30 9 


nanosecond 












Nana/ 31 9 



)17 



English 

N - N 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


naphthalene 


nephew 


Nepot/330 


noctule 


Noktis/339 




Nabatu/317 


Neptune 


Nebh/323 


nocturnal 


Noktis/339 


naphthol 


Nabatu/317 


nerve 


Sai 2/398 


node 


Ned/ 32 4 


narcissus 


Ner 2/332 


nervous 


Sai 2/398 


Noel 


Gene 1/141 


narcotics 


Ner 2/332 


nest 


Ni 1/335 


noise 


Na 1/316 


nard 


Nedo/324 




Sed/406 


nomad 


Nem 1/329 


nargeela 




net 1 


Nei 1/325 


nomenclature 


Na 


rikelah/320 


net 2 


Ned/ 32 4 




Nomn/34 


narghile 




neurology 


Sai 2/398 


nominal 


Nomn/34 


Na 


rikelah/320 


neuron 


Sai 2/398 


nominate 


Nomn/34 


narrow 


Ner 2/332 


never 


Ai w/1 1 


-nomy 


Nem 1/329 


nasal 


Nas/320 




Ne 1/321 


none 


I 2/195 


naso- 


Nas/320 


new 


Newo/334 




Ne 1/321 


Nathaniel 


Layh/2 73 


New Jersey 


noon 


Newn/333 


nation 


Gene 1/141 




Skhai/427 


nor 


Ne 1/321 


natron 


Nitiru/337 


nib 


Nabja/317 


norm 


Gno/168 


nature 


Gene 1/141 


nibble 


Nabja/317 


normal 


Gno/168 


nausea 


Na 1/316 


nice 


Ne 1/321 


Norman 


Men 1/302 


nautical 


Na 1/316 




Sek/409 


Norway 


Wegh/501 


nautilus 


Na 1/316 


niece 


Nepot/330 


nose 


Nas/320 


nave 


Nobh/337 


night 


Noktis/339 


nostalgia 


Nes 1/332 


navel 


Nobh/337 


nightingale 


nostril 


Nas/320 


navigate 


Ag/5 




Noktis/339 




Ter 1/474 




Na 1/316 


nightmare 


Mer 2/305 


not 


Ne 1/321 


navy 


Na 1/316 


nimbus 


Nebh/323 


note 


Gno/168 


neat 


Nei 1/325 


nine 


Newn/333 


nothing 


Ne 1/321 


neb 


Nabja/317 


nineteen 


Newn/333 


notify 


Gno/168 


nebula 


Nebh/323 


ninety 


Newn/333 


notorious 


Gno/168 


nectar 


Nek 1/327 


nipple 


Nabja/317 


noun 


Nomn/34 




Ter 1/474 


Nirvana 


Nis/336 


nova 


Newo/334 


nectarine 


Nek 1/327 




We 1/496 


novel 


Newo/334 




Ter 1/474 


nitrate 


Nitiru/337 


Novembe 


■ Newn/333 


negative 


Ne 1/321 


nitre 


Nitiru/337 


novice 


Newo/334 


neglect 


Ne 1/321 


nitric 


Nitiru/337 


now 


Newo/334 


negotiate 


Ne 1/321 


nitrogen 


Nitiru/337 


noxious 


Nek 1/327 


neighbor 


Bheu 3/64 


nitroglycerine 


nuance 


Sneudh/432 


neither 


Kwo/2 67 




Nitiru/337 


nude 


Nogw/339 




Ne 1/321 


no 


Ne 1/321 


nugget 


Gheu 1/162 


neo- 


Newo/334 


noble 


Gno/168 


nuisance 


Nek 1/327 


neon 


Newo/334 


nocti- 


Noktis/339 


null 


I 2/195 



618 



English 

N - P 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 




Ne 1/321 


omit 


Epi/125 


osmosis 


Wedh 2/499 


numb 


Nem 1/329 




Smeit/430 


ossify 


Ost/346 


number 


Nem 1/329 


on 


An 3/25 


osteo- 


Ost/346 


numerous 


Nem 1/329 


one 


I 2/195 


ostrich 


Aw/43 


nun 


Nana/319 


onion 


I 2/195 


Oswald 


An 1/24 


nunnery 


Nana/319 


ooze 1 


Wes 1/520 


other 


An 2/24 


nyctalopic 


i 


ooze 2 


Weis/507 


otter 


Wed/ 4 98 




Noktis/339 


open 


Upo/489 


ought 


Aik/10 






opera 


Op/ 34 4 


ounce 


I 2/195 




o 


operate 


Op/ 34 4 


our 


Ne 2/322 




opium 


Swekwo/460 


ours 


Ne 2/322 


obelisk 


Gwel 2/177 


oppose 


Apo/30 


out 


Ud 1/486 


obelus 


Gwel 2/177 




Epi/125 


over 


Upo/490 


obey 


Ous 1/347 


optic 


Okw/343 


ovule 


Aw/43 


oblong 


Del/86 


optimum 


Op/ 34 4 


owe 


Aik/10 


obnoxious Nek 1/327 


option 


Op/ 34 4 


own 


Aik/10 


Obol 


Gwel 2/177 


oral 


Ous 2/348 


ox 


Wegw/501 


obscure 


Skeu 2/425 


orange 


Naranga/319 


oxygen 


Ak/12 


observe 


Ser 2/416 


orchard 


Gher 1/158 




Gene 1/141 


obtain 


Epi/125 


orchestra 


Er 1/127 


oyster 


Ost/346 


occasion 


Kad 2/202 


orchid 


Orghi/345 






ocean 


Keanos/21 6 


order 


Ar/32 




P 




Oku/343 


ordinary 


Ar/32 




octagon 


Okto/342 


ore 


Aios/10 


pace 


Pak/350 


octave 


Okto/342 


organ 


Werg 1/519 




Pet 2/371 


October 


Okto/342 


organon 


Werg 1/519 


pachy- 


Bhengh/58 


octopus 


Ped/354 


orient 


Er 1/126 


pachyderm 


odd 


Ozgho/348 


orifice 


Ous 2/348 




Bhengh/58 


of 


Apo/30 


origin 


Er 1/126 




Der 1/89 


off 


Apo/30 


ortho- 


Ered/128 


Pacific 


Pak/350 


offense 


Gwhen 2/185 


orthodontics 


pacify 


Pak/350 


offer 


Bher 1/59 




Ered/128 


pact 


Pak/350 




Epi/125 


orthodox 


Dek/83 


pagoda 


Bheu 3/64 


office 


Dhe 2/95 




Ered/128 




Ket/232 




Op/ 34 4 


orthogonal Ered/128 




Pwt/379 


often 


Op/ 34 4 


orthopedics Ered/128 


pain 


Kwei 1/259 


ogee 


Ud 1/486 


OS 


Ost/346 


paint 


Peig/356 


ogive 


Ud 1/486 


Oscar 


An 1/24 


pajamas 


Ped/353 


Oliver 


Koro/244 




Ghei 2/154 




Yds/538 


omega 


Meg/295 


oscillate; 


ush 

Ous 2/348 


palankee 


Ang/2 6 



619 



English 

p - p 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


palanquin 


Ang/2 6 


pass 


Pet 2/371 


perpendicular 


pale 


Pel 2/360 


passage 


Pet 2/371 




Spen/437 


palette 


Pak/350 


passport 


Per 2/365 


Persia 


Parsa/352 


palladium 


Parika/351 




Pet 2/371 


persuade 


Swad/459 


palm 


Pele/361 


pasture 


Pa/350 


pessimism 


Ped/353 


pan 


Pet 2/371 


paternal 


Pa/350 


petal 


Pet 2/371 


pancreas 


Kreu/24 6 


path 


Pent/ 3 62 


pewter 


Sphel/439 


pantry 


Pa/350 


patriot 


Pa/350 


phagocyte 


Bhag/52 


papa 


Pa/350 


patronage 


Pa/350 


phagoman 


ia Bhag/52 


parabola 


Gwel 1/176 


pattern 


Pa/350 


phagophobia Bhag/52 




Per 1/364 


peace 


Pak/350 


-phagos 


Bhag/52 


paradise 


Dheigh/96 


peach 


Parsa/352 


-phagy 


Bhag/52 




Per 1/363 


peacock 


Tokei/481 


phantom 


Bha 1/49 


paradox 


Dek/83 


peafowl 


Tokei/481 


phase 


Bha 1/49 


paraffin 


Pou/376 


pearl 


Persna/369 


phenomenon 


paragraph 


Per 1/364 


peasant 


Pak/350 




Bha 1/49 


parallel 


Al 1/15 


pectoral 


Peg/355 


Philadelph 


a 




Per 1/364 


pedestrian 


Ped/353 




Bhili/66 


parameter 




pediatrics 


Pou/376 




Gwelbh/177 




Per 1/364 


pedicure 


Ped/353 


philanthropy 


paramount 




penalty 


Kwei 1/259 




Bhili/66 




Men 3/303 


pendant 


Spen/437 




Ner 1/331 


parasite 


Per 1/364 


pendulum 


Spen/437 


philharmor 


lie 


parcel 


Per 4/368 


pension 


Spen/437 




Bhili/66 


parchment 




penta- 


Penkwe/362 


Philip 


Bhili/66 




Parth/352 


pentagon 


Genu 1/142 




Ekwos/121 


pard 


Prs/377 




Penkwe/362 


philology 


Bhili/66 


pardah 


Pele/361 


pepper Pippali/373 


philosophy 


Bhili/66 


pardon 


Do 2/109 


per 


Per 1/364 




Sophos/434 


parenthesis Dhe 2/95 


percent 


Dekm/85 


phone 


Bha 2/50 




En/124 


perfect 


Dhe 2/95 


phosphor 


Bher 1/59 


parliament 




perforate 


Bher 3/60 


photo 


Bha 1/49 




Gwel 1/176 


perfume 


Dheu 2/100 


physics 


Bheu 3/64 




Per 1/364 


Peri 


Parika/351 


picture 


Peig/356 


parsang 




perimeter 


Per 1/364 


piedmont 


Men 3/303 


Fra 


-sanga/134 


period 


Sed/405 


pigment 


Peig/356 


part 


Per 4/368 


periscope 


Spek/436 


pilaf 


Pulaka/379 


Parthia 


Parth/352 


permanen 


t 


pilaff 


Pulaka/379 


parting shot 




Men 2/303 


pilau 


Pulaka/379 




Parth/352 


permit 


Smelt/ 430 


pile 


Pilo/373 



620 



English 

p - p 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


pillage 


Pilo/373 


Polynesia 


Sna/431 


pretzel 


Mregu/312 


pilocarpine Pilo/373 


polynomia 




prevent 


Gwa/1 73 


pilot 


Ped/354 




Pel 1/359 


Priam 


Kwri/2 69 


pine 


Pel/355 


pomegranate 


price 


Per 4/368 


pistachio 


Blstak/69 




Ger 2/144 


prince 


Per 1/364 


pivot 


Peuk/372 


pontoon 


Pent/ 3 62 


print 


Per 3/367 


place 


Pele/361 


pony 


Pou/376 


prison 


Per 4/368 


plain 


Pele/361 


poor 


Pou/376 


prize 


Per 4/368 


plan 


Pele/361 


Pope 


Pa/350 


problem 


Gwel 1/176 


plane 


Pele/361 


pornography 


produce 


Deuk/92 


planet 


Pele/361 




Per 4/368 


profile 


Gwhi/186 


plasma 


Pele/361 


port 


Per 2/365 


profit 


Dhe 2/95 


plaster 


Pele/361 


portfolio 


Bhel/55 


profound 


Bhun/68 


plastic 


Pele/361 


portion 


Per 4/368 


progress 


Gredh/1 69 


plate 


Pele/361 


portrait 


Per 1/364 


prolong 


Del/86 


plateau 


Pele/361 


possess 


Pa/350 


prominent 


Men 3/303 


platinum 


Pele/361 


possible 


Pa/350 


promise 


Smeit/430 


plaza 


Pele/361 


postpone 


Apo/30 


promote 


Mew/ 30 9 


plenty 


Pel 1/359 


posture 


Apo/30 


pronoun 


Nomn/34 


pluck 


Pilo/373 


potent 


Pa/350 


pronounce 


Neu/333 


plus 


Pel 1/359 


potential 


Pa/350 


propagate 


Pak/350 


plush 


Pilo/373 


potion 


Po 2/374 


prophet 


Bha 2/50 


pneumatic 




pouch 


Beu 2/48 


propose 


Apo/30 




Skeu 1/425 


pound 


Spen/437 


protect 


Steg/447 


pneumonia 


poverty 


Pou/376 


protein 


Per 1/364 




Skeu 1/425 


powder 


Pel 3/360 


protest 


Trei/481 


pocket 


Beu 2/48 


power 


Pa/350 


protocol 


Per 1/364 


podium 


Ped/354 


pray Perk 1 /368 


proud 


Es 2/131 


poem 


Kwei 2/259 


prayer Perk 1 /368 


prove 


Bheu 3/64 


poet 


Kwei 2/259 


preamble 


Al 4/18 


proverb 


Wer 1/514 


point 


Peuk/372 


precaution 




provide 


We id/504 


poison 


Po 2/374 




Keu 3/233 


puff 


Beu 2/48 


pole 


Pak/350 


precise 


Skhai/427 


pulverize 


Pel 3/360 


pollen 


Pel 3/360 


preface 


Bha 2/50 


pumpkin 


Pekw/358 


pollution 


Leu/280 


prefer 


Bher 1/59 


punch 


Penkwe/362 


poly- 


Pel 1/359 


pregnant 


Gene 1/141 


punctuate 


Peuk/372 


polygamy 


Geme/140 


present 


Es 2/131 


puncture 


Peuk/372 




Pel 1/359 


preserve 


Ser 2/416 


punish 


Kwei 1/259 


polygon 


Genu 1/142 


president 


Sed/406 


Punjab 


Ab 1/1 




Pel 1/359 


press 


Per 3/367 




Penkwe/362 



621 



English 

P - R 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



punka 

pupil 

puppet 

puppy 

purdah 

pure 

pursue 

pus 

pustule 

pycnometer 



Peg/355 

Pou/376 

Pou/376 

Pou/376 

Pele/361 

Peu/371 

Sekw/410 

Pu 2/378 

Pu 2/378 

Puk/378 



Q 



quality 


Kwo/2 67 


quantity 


Kwo/2 67 


quarantine 




Kwetwer/265 


quarrel 


Kwes/2 64 


quart 


Kwetwer/265 


quarter 


Kwetwer/265 


quaver 


Gwebh 2/174 


queen 


Gwen 1/178 


quench 


Gweie/176 


quick 


Gwei/175 


quiet 


Kweye/2 66 


quiver 


Gwebh 2/174 



rabbi 

race 

Raffael 

rag 

ragged 

rail 

rake 

ramekin 

ranch 
range 



R 

R.b.b/385 
Eres 1/130 
R.f.a'/395 
Reu 2/393 
Reu 2/393 
Reg 1/387 
Reg 1/387 



Raphael Layh/2 73 

R.f.a'/395 
rare Ere 1/127 

rate Ar/32 

ratio Ar/32 

raven Ker 3/227 

read Ar/32 

real Rei 1/389 

ream 1 Reughmen/394 
ream 2 Rewe/395 

R.z.m/397 
Rewe/395 



Re 



ughmen/394 
Sker 1/424 
Sker 1/424 



ream 3 

reamer 

reason 

receive 

recent 

recline 

recognize 

record 

rectangle 

red 

reduce 

redundant 

reek 

refer 

refuge 

refund 

refuse 

regime 

regolith 

regression 

regret 

regular 

relate 

relieve 

remain 

remark 

remedy 

remember 

remit 



Ar/32 

Kap/210 

Ken/224 

Klei/239 

Gno/168 

Kerd 1/229 

Ang/2 6 

Reudh 1/394 

Deuk/92 

Wed/ 4 98 

Reug/394 

Bher 1/59 

Bheug/65 

Gheu 1/162 

Gheu 1/162 

Reg 1/387 

Reg 3/388 

Gredh/1 69 

Ghlad/163 

Reg 1/387 

Tel/ 4 69 

Legwh/27 5 

Men 2/303 

Merg/307 

Me 2/294 

Mer 1/304 
Smelt/ 430 



remorse 

remote 

remove 

renovate 

rent 

repeat 

report 

reptile 

republic 

resemble 

reserve 

resign 

resist 

respect 

rest 

retina 

Reuben 

reveal 

review 

revolve 

Rex 

rheumatism 



Mer 2/306 
Mew/ 309 
Mew/ 309 
Newo/334 
Do 2/109 
Pet 1/370 
Per 2/365 
Rep/ 3 91 
Rei 1/389 
Sem 1/412 
Ser 2/416 
Sekw/410 
Sta/445 
Spek/436 
Rem/ 3 90 
Ere 1/127 
B.n.v/70 
Weg 1/499 
We id/504 
Wei 3/511 
Reg 1/387 

Ser 1/415 



rhinoceros 

rhubarb 

rhyme 
rhythm 
ribbon 

rice 

rich 

Richard 

ricin 

rid 

ridge 

right 

ring 

ringing 



Ker 1/22 6 
Baba/45 

Eres 1/130 
Ser 1/415 
Ser 1/415 
Bhendh/57 

Sker 1/424 
Urigh/490 
Reg 1/387 
Kar 1/212 
Erek/129 
Reu 2/393 

Sker 1/424 
Reg 1/387 

Sker 1/424 
Ker 3/22 7 



622 



English 

R - S 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


rink 


Sker 1/424 


rupture 


Reu 2/393 


Satan 


Sedu/406 


riot 


Reu 1/393 


rural 


Rewe/395 


save 


Sol/434 


rip 


Reu 2/393 


rust 


Reudh 1/394 


saw 


Sek/409 


ripe 


Rei 2/389 






scale 


Skand/422 


ripple 


Rei 2/389 




s 


scan 


Skand/422 


risk 


Sek/408 




scandal 


Skand/422 


Rita i 


Murvarit/315 


Sabbath 


Sabatu/398 


scarlet 


Sekw/410 


rival 


Er 1/126 


sabbatical 




scenario 


Skai/421 


river 


Rei 2/389 




Sabatu/398 


scene 


Skai/421 


roar 


Reu 1/393 


saccharin 


Korka/243 


scheme 


Segh/406 


rob 


Reu 2/393 


saccharose 


scholar 


Segh/406 


robber 


Reu 2/393 




Korka/243 


school 


Segh/406 


robe 


Reu 2/393 


sack 


Seiku/407 


science 


Sek/409 


Robert 


Bhereg/61 


saddle 


Sed/406 


scimitar 


Sfsyr/419 


Roger 


Ghei 2/154 


safe 


Sol/434 


scissors 


Skhai/427 


roll 


Ret/392 


safflower 


S.f.r/419 


scope 


Spek/436 


rook 


Ker 3/22 7 


saffron 


S.f.r/419 


score 


Sek/409 


room 


Rewe/395 


safranine 


S.f.r/419 


scorpion 


A.q.r/31 


rope 


Rei 2/389 


Sahara 


S.h.r/420 


scrap 


Sek/409 


rose 


Wrdho/52 6 


salamander 


scream 


Ker 3/22 7 


Rosemary 


Salamandra /399 


screech 


Ker 3/22 7 




Eres 1/130 


salom 


S.l.m/429 


scum 


Skeu 2/425 


rotary 


Ret/392 


Salome 


S.l.m/429 


Scythia 


Saka/399 


rotate 


Ret/392 


salute 


Sol/434 


Scythian 


Saka/399 


rouge 


Reudh 1/394 


salvation 


Sol/434 


seal 


Sekw/410 


rough 


Reu 2/393 


same 


Sem 1/412 


search 


Sker 1/424 


roulette 


Ret/392 


Sampson 


S.m.s/431 


seat 


Sed/406 


round 


Ret/392 


Samson 


S.m.s/431 


second 


Sekw/410 


rover 


Reu 2/393 


Samuel 


Layh/2 73 


secret 


Seu 1/417 


row 


Rei 2/389 


sandal 


Kand 1/209 


section 


Sek/408 


royal 


Reg 1/387 


sandarac 


Kand 1/209 


secure 


Seu 1/417 


rubbish 


Reu 2/393 


sans 


Sen 2/414 


sedan 


Sed/406 


rubble 


Reu 2/393 


Sanskrit 


Kwer/2 63 


seduce 


Seu 1/417 


ruby 


Reudh 1/394 


sans serif 


Sen 2/414 


seem 


Sem 1/412 


rug 


Reu 2/393 


Saracen 


Cirag/75 


seersucker 


rugged 


Reu 2/393 


sarcasm 


Twerk/485 




Ksiro/252 


rule 


Reg 1/387 


sarcastic 


Twerk/485 


seethe 


Seu 4/418 


rumble 


Reu 1/393 


sarco- 


Twerk/485 


segregate 


Seu 1/417 


rumor 


Reu 1/393 


sarcology 


Twerk/485 


select 


Seu 1/417 


run 


Er 1/126 


sarcoma 


Twerk/485 


self 


Seu 1/417 



623 



English 

s - s 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


semantics 


Dheye/102 


shanty 


Steg/447 


sincere 


Sem 1/412 


semester 


Me 2/293 


shape 


Sek/409 




Sen 2/414 




Sweks/4 60 


sharp 


Sek/409 


sinew 


Sai 2/398 


semicolon 




shave 


Sek/409 


single 


Sem 1/412 




Skel 1/423 


shawl 


Savala/401 


sip 


Seip/4 07 


senate 


Sen 1/413 


she 


So/433 


sir 


Sen 1/413 


senator 


Sen 1/413 


shears 


Sek/409 


sirloin 


Upo/490 


senile 


Sen 1/413 


sheet 


Skeuol 1/426 


sister 


Seu 1/417 


senior 


Sen 1/413 


shelf 


Sek/409 


sit 


Sed/406 


separate 


Seu 1/417 


Shellac 


Alek/19 


sitar 


Ten 1/471 


Septembe 






Reg 3/388 




Trei/481 




Septra/ 414 


Shema 


S.m. 'a/430 


Siva 


Kei 4/219 


sequence 


Sekw/410 


sherbet 


S.r.b/442 


six 


Sweks/4 60 


serenade 


Ksero/250 


Shimeon 


S.m. 'a/430 


sixteen 


Sweks/4 60 


serene 


Ksero/250 


shine 


Skai/421 


sixty 


Sweks/4 60 


serenity 


Ksero/250 


shirt 


Sek/409 


sketch 


Segh/406 


series 


Ser 3/416 


shish kebab Cixa/76 


ski 


Sek/409 


serious 


Wer 6/517 


Shiva 


Kei 4/219 


skim 


Skeu 2/425 


serra 


Srisa/443 


shoot 


Skeuol 1/426 


skin 


Sek/409 


serradela 


Srisa/443 


short 


Sek/409 


skirt 


Sek/409 


serranoid 


Srisa/443 


shot 


Skeuol 1/426 


Slav 


Kleu 1/240 


serrate 


Srisa/443 


shout 


Keued/234 


slave 


Kleu 1/240 


serriferous 




show 


Keu 3/233 


slime 


Lei/ 27 5 




Srisa/443 


shrink 


Sker 1/424 


small 


Mel 2/299 


serriform 


Srisa/443 


shut 


Skeud 1/426 


smaragdite B.r.q/71 


serrulate 


Srisa/443 


shuttle 


Skeud 1/426 


smart 


Mer 2/306 


serum 


Ser 1/414 


sibling 


Seu 1/417 


smelt 


Mel 3/300 


sesqui- 


Kwe/258 


side 


Se 2/404 


smuggle 


Meug/308 


sesqui centenni 


sieve 


Seip/4 07 


snare 


Ner 2/332 




Kwe/258 


sign 


Sekw/410 


sneeze 


Skeu 1/425 


session 


Seal/ 406 


Sikh 


Kak 1/204 


snow 


Sneigwh/432 


set 


Seal/ 406 


silver 


Sarapu/400 


so 


Seu 1/417 


seta 


Se 1/404 


Simeon 


S.m. 'a/430 


soak 


Seu 2/418 


setae 


Se 1/404 


similar 


Sem 1/412 


soap 


Seip/4 07 


settle 


Seal/ 406 


Simon 


S.m. 'a/430 


society 


Sekw/410 


seven 


Septra/ 414 


simple 


Sem 1/412 


sod 


Seu 4/418 


seventeen 


Septra/ 414 


simulate 


Sem 1/412 


soda 


S.d.a' /403 


seventy 


Septra/ 414 


simultaneous 


sodium 


S.d.a' /403 


shamble 


Skabh/420 




Sem 1/412 


sofa 


Soffeh/433 


shank 


Skeng/423 


since 


Se 2/404 


sofism 


Sophos/434 



624 



English 

s - s 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


sofist 


Sophos/434 


spelter 


Sphel/439 


step 


Stebh/446 


soil 


Sed/406 


sphere 


Spher/44 


Stephen 


Stebh/446 




Su 2/457 


spider 


Spen/437 


stereo 


Ster 3/450 


solar 


Sawel/402 


spikenarc 


Nedo/324 


sterile 


Ster 4/451 


sole 


Seu 1/417 


spin 


Spen/437 


sterilize 


Ster 4/451 


solicit 


Kei 2/218 


spinach 




stethoscope 


solid 


Sol/434 


Spinaki on/440 




Pesteno/369 


solo 


Seu 1/417 


spindle 


Spen/437 


Steven 


Stebh/446 


Solomon 


S.l.m/429 


spit 


Spyeu/441 


stick 


Steig/448 


so long 


S.l.m/429 


spleen 


Spelgh/437 


stiff 


Stei/447 


some 


Sem 1/412 


sponge 


Spongo /441 


stitch 


Steigh/449 


son 


Seu 3/418 


sport 


Per 2/365 


stoichiometry 


sonic 


Swen/4 61 


spring 


Spereg/438 




Steigh/449 


Sophia 


Sophos/434 




Spher/44 


stomach 


Stomen/453 


sophism 


Sophos/434 


sprinkle 


Spereg/438 


stone 


Stei/447 


sophist 


Sophos/434 


Sputnik 


Pent/ 3 62 


stop 


Stewe/452 


sophisticated 


sputter 


Spyeu/441 


store 


Sta/445 




Sophos/434 


spy 


Spek/436 


story 


We id/504 


sophomore 


squad 


Kwetwer/265 


strategy 


Ag/5 




Sophos/434 


squalene 


Skwalo/428 




Ster 1/449 


sorcerer 


Ser 3/416 


square 


Kwetwer/265 


straw 


Ster 1/449 


sorority 


Seu 1/417 


stable 1 


Sta/445 


stray 


Ster 1/449 


sort 


Ser 3/416 


stable 2 


Sta/445 


stream 


Ser 1/415 


sound 


Swen/4 61 


staff 


Stebh/446 


street 


Ster 1/449 


soup 


Seu 2/418 


stair 


Steigh/449 


structure 


Ster 1/449 


source 


Reg 1/387 


stamp 


Stebh/446 


strut 


Ster 3/450 


south 


Sawel/402 


stand 


Sta/445 


stub 


Steu 2/452 


soy Chiang-yu/75 


standard 


Kar 1/212 


stucco 


Steu 2/452 


soya Chiang-yu/75 




Sta/445 


student 


Steu 2/452 


span 


Spen/437 


staple 


Stebh/446 


study 


Steu 2/452 


spark 


Spereg/438 


star 


Ster 2/450 


stuff 


Stewe/452 


sparrow 


Sper/437 


starch 


Ster 3/450 


stump 


Stebh/446 




Spereg/438 


stare 


Ster 3/450 


stupendous 


sparse 


Spereg/438 


start 


Ster 3/450 




Steu 2/452 


speak 


Spereg/438 


starve 


Ster 3/450 


stupid 


Steu 2/452 


special 


Spek/436 


station 


Sta/445 


sub- 


Upo/489 


species 


Spek/436 


statistics 


Sta/445 


subject 


Upo/489 


specimen 


Spek/436 


steel 


Sta/445 


sublime 


Upo/489 


spectrum 


Spek/436 


steep 


Steu 2/452 


submarine Upo/489 


speech 


Spereg/438 


steer 


Teu 1/477 


submit 


Smeit/430 



625 



English 

S - T 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


substance 


Sta/445 


sway 


Swei/459 


: 


Vaburak/4 64 


subterranean 


sweat 


Sweid/4 60 


tambourine 




Ters/476 


sweater 


Sweid/4 60 


: 


Taburak/464 


such 


Seu 1/417 


sweep 


Swei/459 


tame 


Dema/87 


suck 


Seu 2/418 


sweet 


Swad/459 


tampon 


Dumb/ 112 


sucrose 


Korka/243 


swelter 


Sawel/403 


tangle 


Tenk/473 


suffer 


Bher 1/59 


swift 


Swei/459 


tap 


Dumb/ 112 


sugar 


Korka/243 


swine 


Su 2/457 


tape 


Ten 1/471 


suicide 


Seu 1/417 


swivel 


Swei/459 


tapestry 


Ten 1/471 


sulk 


Selg/411 


sword 


Swer/4 62 


taraxacum 


Taxi/ 4 67 


sulky 


Selg/411 


syagush 


Kei 1/217 


tarbooche 


Pos/375 


sum 


Upo/490 


symbol 


Gwel 1/176 


Targum 


Ragamu/384 


sumac 


Summaq/458 




Sem 1/412 


Targumist 




sumach 


Summaq/458 


symphony Bha 2/50 




Ragamu/384 


summer 


Sem 2/413 




Sem 1/412 


tariff 


A' .r.f/33 


summit 


Upo/490 


symposium P6 2/374 


tarragon 


Derk/90 


sun 


Sawel/402 




Sem 1/412 


tartar Ta 


rtaros/466 


Sunday 


Sawel/402 


synchronize 


tass 


Tex/4 79 


super 


Upo/490 




Gher 1/158 


Tatar 


Tata/467 


superb 


Bheu 3/64 


syndrome 


Der 2 /90 


tattoo 


Dumb/ 112 


superior 


Upo/490 


synonym 


Nomn/34 


Taurus 


Teu 1/477 


support 


Per 2/365 


synopsis 


Okw/343 


tea 


C'a/74 


supreme 


Upo/490 


syphilis 


Bhili/66 


teach 


Deik/82 


sure 


Seu 1/417 




Su 2/457 


teak 


Sakah/399 


surface 


Dhe 2/95 


syrup 


S.r.b/442 


team 


Deuk/92 


surgery 


Werg 1/519 


system 


Sta/445 


tear 1 


Akru/14 


surrender 


Do 2/109 






tear 2 


Der 1/89 


surround 


Wed/ 4 98 




T 


technique 


Tex/4 79 


survey 


We id/504 




teen 


Dekm/84 


survive 


Gwei/175 


tabatiere 


Tabaco/464 


tele- 


Kwel/2 61 


Susan 


Sosen/435 


tabor 


Taburak/464 


telegraph 


Kwel/2 61 


suspect 


Spek/436 


taboret 


Taburak/464 


telescope 


Kwel/2 61 


suspend 


Spen/437 


taffeta 


Ten 1/471 




Spek/436 


swallow 


Swel 1/4 61 


Taj Maha 


Steg/447 


teletype 


Kwel/2 61 


swan 


Swen/4 61 


talc 


Talk/ 4 65 


television 


Kwel/2 61 


swap 


Swei/459 


talcum 


Talk/ 4 65 




We id/504 


swastica 


Es 2/131 


talent 


Tel/ 4 69 


temerity 


Tem/470 




Su 1/456 


tamarind 


Sy and/ 463 


temperature 


swastika 


Es 2/131 


tambaga 


Tem/470 




Ten 1/472 




Su 1/456 


tambour 


Taburak/464 


ten 


Dekm/84 



626 



English 

T - T 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


tennis 


Ten 1/472 


thirst 


Ters/476 


toll 


Tel/ 4 69 


tension 


Ten 1/472 


thirteen 


Trei/481 


Tom 


W.a* .m/495 


tent 


Ten 1/472 


thirty 


Trei/481 


tomb 


Teu 1/477 


tepid 


Tep/4 73 


this 


So/433 


tombac 


Tem/470 


term 


Ter 1/474 


Thomas 


W.a* .m/495 


tone 


Ten 1/472 


terminate 


Ter 1/474 


thorough 


Ter 1/474 


tongs 


Denk/8 7 


terpsichore 


Terp/4 75 


thou 


Tu/483 


tongue 


Dinghw/107 


terrace 


Ters/476 


thousand 


Teu 1/477 


too 


De 2/80 


terrain 


Ters/476 


three 


Trei/481 


tooth 


Ed/ 117 


terrestrial 


Ters/476 


throne 


Dher 1/98 


top 


Dumb/ 112 


terrible 


Tres/483 


throng 


Trenk/482 


tornado 


Ten 2/472 


terrific 


Tres/483 


through 


Ter 1/474 


torpedo 


Ster 3/450 


territory 


Ters/476 


thumb 


Teu 1/477 


tortoise 


Teter/476 


terror 


Tres/483 


thunder 


Ten 2/472 


tough 


Denk/87 


tertiary 


Trei/481 


thy 


Tu/483 


tow 


Deuk/92 


test 


Tex/4 79 


thyroid 


Dhwer/106 


toward 


Wer 2/514 


testimony 


Trei/481 


tiara 


Steg/447 


toxic 


Teku 1/4 68 


text 


Tex/4 79 


ticket 


Steig/448 


trachoma 


Dher 2/99 


textile 


Tex/4 79 


tide 


Da 1/78 


trade 


Der 2 /90 


than 


So/433 


tie 


Deuk/92 


tradition 


Do 2/109 


that 


So/433 


tiger 


Steig/448 


traffic 


F.r.q/135 


thatch 


Steg/447 


tight 


Tenk/473 


tranquil 


Kweye/2 66 


the 


So/433 


Tigris 


Steig/448 


trans- 


Ter 1/474 


thee 


Tu/483 


tile 


Steg/447 


transduce 


Deuk/92 


them 


So/433 


timber 


Dem/86 


transfer 


Bher 1/59 


theme 


Dhe 2/95 


time 


Da 1/78 




Ter 1/474 


then 


So/433 


timid 


Tem/470 


transform 


Ter 1/474 


Theodore 


Do 2/109 


tip 


Dumb/ 112 


transistor 


Ter 1/474 


there 


So/433 


tire 


Deu 2/92 


transit 


Ei/118 


thermometer 




Steg/447 


translate 


Tel/ 4 69 




Gwher/186 


tired 


Deu 2/92 




Ter 1/474 


thermos 


Gwher/186 


tissue 


Tex/4 79 


transmit 


Smeit/430 


thermostat 




to 


De 2/80 


transport 


Per 2/365 




Gwher/186 


toast 


Ters/476 




Ter 1/474 


thesis 


Dhe 2/95 


tobacco 


Tabaco/464 


transverse 


i 


they 


So/433 


toe 


Deik/82 




Wer 2/515 


thick 


Tenk/473 


to fill 


Pel 1/359 


trap 


Der 2 /90 


thigh 


Teu 1/477 


toga 


Steg/447 


trapeze 


Kwetwer/265 


thin 


Ten 1/472 


token 


Deik/82 




Ped/354 


thine 


Tu/483 


tolerate 


Tel/ 4 69 


trapezoid 


Kwetwer/265 



627 



English 

T - V 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



tray 

tread 

tree 

tremble 

trench 

trepid 

triangle 

tribe 

tribune 

tribute 

tricycle 

trim 

trip 

true 

truncate 

trunk 

trust 

truth 

tsar 

Tuesday 

tug 

tulip 

tumor 

tungsten 

tunic 

turban 

Turk 

Turkey 

turkey 

turmoil 

turquoise 

turtle 

tusk 

twelve 



Ped/354 

Deru 1 /91 

Der 2 /90 

Deru 1 /91 

Tres/483 

Ter 1/474 

Trenk/482 

Trep 1/482 

Ang/2 6 

Bheu 3/64 

Trei/481 

Bheu 3/64 

Trei/481 

Trei/481 

Trei/481 

Deru 1 /91 

Der 2 /90 

Deru 1 /91 

Ter 1/474 

Trenk/482 

Ter 1/474 

Trenk/482 

Deru 1 /91 

Deru 1 /91 

Skhai/427 

Dei/81 

Deuk/92 

Bhendh/57 

Teu 1/477 

Stei/447 

Kitu/238 

Bhendh/57 

Tu-kue/484 

Tu-kue/484 

Tu-kue/484 

Me 2/294 

Tu-kue/484 

Teter/476 

Ed/ 117 

Dwo/115 



twenty 

twice 

twin 

two 

typhoid 

typhoon 

typhus 

tzar 



Leigh 2/277 

Dwo/115 

Dwo/115 

Dwo/115 

Dwo/115 

Dheu 2/100 

Dheu 2/100 

Dheu 2/100 

Skhai/427 



u 



Ukraine 
ultimate 
ultra- 
umbilicus 
umbrella 
un- 
under 
underneath 
undo 
union 
unique 
unit 
unite 
universe 



Au 2/39 

Al 1/15 

Al 1/15 

Nobh/337 

Andho/25 

Ne 1/321 

En/124 



Ni 

Ne 

I 

I 



1/335 
1/321 
2/195 
2/195 



I 2/195 



university 

unless 

up 

upon 

Urdu 

urge 

Uriel 

urine 

us 

usquabae 

usquebaugh 



I 2/195 
I 2/195 
Wer 2/515 
Wer 2/515 
An 3/25 
Upo/489 
An 3/25 
Urmak/491 
Wreg 1/527 
Layh/2 73 
Wed/ 4 98 
Ne 2/322 
Wed/ 4 98 
Wed/ 4 98 



uterus 



Udero/487 



vacate 


Eu 1/132 


vacation 


Eu 1/132 


vacuum 


Eu 1/132 


vain 


Eu 1/132 


valley 


Wei 3/511 


valve 


Wei 3/511 


van 


Koro/244 


vanish 


Eu 1/132 


vanity 


Eu 1/132 


vapor 


Kup 2/256 


Vaseline 


Wed/ 4 97 


vault 


Wei 3/511 


veal 


Wet/ 52 2 


vector 


Wegh/501 


vegetable 


Weg 2/500 


vehicle 


Wegh/501 


veil 


Weg 1/499 


velocity 


Weg 2/500 


velvet 


Wei 2/510 


vend 


Wes 5/522 


vendor 


Wes 5/522 


venereal 


Wen/513 


venery 


Wen/513 


Venice 


Wen/513 


venom 


Wen/513 


vent 


We 1/496 


Venus 


Wen/513 


verb 


Wer 1/514 


verge 


Wer 2/515 


vermicelli 


Wer 2/515 


vermouth 


Wer 2/515 


vernal 


Aus 2/41 


verruca 


Wer 6/517 


verse 


Wer 2/515 


version 


Wer 2/515 


versus 


Wer 2/515 


vertebra 


Wer 2/515 


vertical 


Wer 2/515 


vespiary 


Webh/497 



628 



English 

v - w 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


vest 


Wes 3/521 


vulnerable Wei 2/510 


well 1 


Wei 1/509 


veteran 


Wet/ 52 2 


vulture 


Wei 2/510 


well 2 


Wei 3/511 


veterinary 


Wet/ 52 2 






west 


Au 2/39 


vibrate 


Weip/506 




w 


wet 


Wed/ 4 98 


vice president 




whale 


Skwalo/428 




Weik 1/505 


wafer 


Webh/497 


what 


Kwo/2 67 


viceroy 


Weik 1/505 


wagon 


Wegh/501 


wheat 


Kuei/254 


vice-versa 




waist 


Aueg/4 


wheel 


Kwel/2 61 




Weik 1/505 


wait 


Weg 2/500 


when 


Kwo/2 67 




Wer 2/515 


wake 


Weg 2/500 


where 


Kwo/2 67 


vicinity 


Weik 2/506 


walk 


Wei 3/511 


which 


Kwo/2 67 


video 


We id/504 


wallet 


Wei 3/511 


while 


Kweye/2 66 


view 


We id/504 


walrus 


Skwalo/428 


whip 


Weip/506 


vigilant 


Weg 2/500 


Walter 


Koro/244 


whiskey 


Wed/ 4 98 


vigor 


Weg 2/500 


want 


Eu 1/132 


whisky 


Wed/ 4 98 


villa 


Weik 2/506 


warble 


Wer 6/517 


white 


Kuei/254 


village 


Weik 2/506 


warn 


Wer 3/516 


who 


Kwo/2 67 


vine 


Woin/525 


warp 


Wer 2/514 


whore 


Ka 1/201 


vinegar 


Ak/12 


wart 


Wer 6/517 


why 


Kwo/2 67 




Woin/525 


wash 


Wed/ 4 98 


wick 


Weg 1/499 


violent 


Wei 2/503 


wasp 


Webh/497 


wicker 


Weik 1/505 


virtue 


Wei 2/503 


waste 


Eu 1/132 


wide 


Ei/119 


virus 


Weis/507 


watch 


Weg 2/500 




Wi/524 


visa 


Wei d/ 504 


water 


Wed/ 4 98 


widow 


Weidh/505 


viscous 


Weis/507 


wave 1 


Webh/497 


will 


Wei 1/509 


vision 


We id/504 


wave 2 


Wegh/501 


William 


Wei 1/509 


visit 


We id/504 


wax 


Weg 1/499 


willow 


Wei 3/511 


vital 


Gwei/175 


way 


Wegh/501 


win 


Wen/513 


vitamin 


Gwei/175 


weak 


Weik 1/505 


wind 


We 1/496 


vocabulary Wekw/508 


wealth 


Wei 1/509 


window 


Okw/343 


vodka 


Wed/ 498 


wear 


Wes 3/521 




We 1/496 


voice 


Wekw/508 


weasel 


Weis/507 


wine 


Woin/525 


void 


Eu 1/132 


weather 


We 1/496 


wing 


We 1/496 


volume 


Wei 3/511 


weave 


Webh/497 


winter 


Wed/ 4 98 


volunteer 


Wei 1/509 


web 


Webh/497 


wipe 


Weip/506 


vomit 


Wem/512 


Webster 


Webh/497 


wire 


Wei 1/502 


voracious 




week 


Weik 1/505 


wisdom 


We id/504 




Gwer 3/180 


weigh 


Wegh/501 


wise 


We id/504 


vote 


Wegwh/502 


weight 


Wegh/501 


wish 


Wen/513 


vow 


Wegwh/502 


welcome 


Gwa/1 73 


wit 


We id/504 



629 



English 

w - z 



WORD 


Roo 


t/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


with 




Wi/524 


Yemen 


Y.m.n/537 




wobble 


Webh/497 


yes 


Es 2/131 




woe 


Wai/495 




I 2/194 




wolf 


Wei 


2/510 


yester 


Ghdies/151 




woof 


Webh/497 


yesterday 






wool 


Wei 


2/510 




Ghdies/151 




word 


Wer 


1/514 


yet 


I 2/194 




work 


Werg 


1/519 


yoga 


Yeu 1/535 




world 


Wei 


2/503 


yoke 


Yeu 1/535 




worm 


Wer 


2/514 


you 


Yu/538 




worry 


Wer 


2/514 


young 


Yeu 2/535 




worship 


Wer 


2/514 


youngster 


Yeu 2/535 




worth 


Wer 


2/514 


your 


Yu/538 




wrangle 


Wer 


2/514 


youth 


Yeu 2/535 




wrap 


Wer 


2/514 


Yugoslavia 




wrench 


Wer 


2/514 




Kleu 1/240 




wrestle 


Wer 


2/514 








wrinkle 


Wer 


2/514 


7 




wrist 


Wer 


2/514 


r 






wrong 


Wer 


2/514 


Zachariah 
Zacharias 


Z.k.r/541 
Z.k.r/541 






X 




Zachary 
zea 


Z.k.r/541 
Ieuo/196 




X 


Say' / '403 


zeal 


Ya/531 




xer- 


Ksero/250 


zenith 


Mei 3/297 




Xerexes 


Ksei 


1/248 


zeolite 


Yes/534 




xero- 


Ksero/250 


zero 


Keu 2/232 




xeroderma 




Zeus 


Dei/81 






Ksero/250 


zibet 


Z.b.d/540 




x-ray 


Say'/403 


zinc 


Denk/87 




xyster 


Kes 


2/231 


zircon 


Geu 1/146 
Ghel/155 






Y 




zirconium 


Geu 1/146 










Ghel/155 




yard 


Gher 


1/158 


zither 


Ten 1/471 




yawn 


Gh 


ei/152 


zithern 


Ten 1/471 




year 




Ei/119 


zodiac 


Gwei/175 




yearn 


Gher 


4/159 


zone 


Yds/538 




yeast 


Yes/534 


zoo 


Gwei/175 




yellow 


Gh 


el/156 


zoology 


Gwei/175 





630 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



English (Mid) 

i - s 

WORD Root/Page 



English (Mid) 
I 

iaspre Yasfa/532 

J 

jaspre Yasfa/532 



scuten Keued/234 

sparwe Spereg/43t 



631 



English (Old) 



A - S 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


English (Old) 
A 


nebb 


N 

Nabja/317 






acwencan Gweie/176 




o 






Angle 


B 


Ang/2 6 


-ost 


Isto/197 
P 






bet-est 
botm 


E 


Isto/197 
Bhun/68 


pea 


Tokei/481 

s 






eglan 




Agh/7 


seolfor 


Sarapu/400 






Engle 




Ang/2 6 


slim 


Lei/2 75 






-est 


F 


Isto/197 










fyr-st 


G 


Isto/197 










geonian 


H 


Ghei/152 










haeccan 


Kak 1/204 












L 












lat-est 


M 


Isto/197 










mae-st 




Isto/197 










meo 




Meuk/309 










meon 




Meuk/309 











S32 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Ethiopian 

K - K 

WORD Root/Page 



Ethiopian 



K 

Kaffa Kaffa/203 



633 



French 

A - C 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



French 



avane 



' Awar/43 



acide Ak/12 

acoustique 

Keu 3/233 
acrobate Ak/12 

agence Ag/5 

agent Ag/5 

aigle Akwa/14 

alambic Ab 1/1 

Nei 1/325 
alcali Q.l.y/381 

alchemie Kers 2/230 
alcool K.h. 1/236 

alcove Gabbah/136 
Alexandre Alek/19 
algebre j.b.r/200 
algorisme 

Ghdhem/150 
Su 1/455 
algorithme 

Ghdhem/150 
Su 1/455 
alizari A* .s.r/36 

aluminium Alu/20 

amalgame Mel 3/300 
angle- Ang/2 6 

aniline Nei 1/326 
aorte Wer 6/517 

aquarium Akwa/14 

architecte Arxein/35 
archive Arxein/35 
are As/35 

arthrose Ar/32 

ascenseur Skand/422 
assignat Sekw/410 

aubergine 

Vatin-ganah/493 



B 

babouche Pds/375 
bagage Boqca/70 

bal Gwel 1/176 

balcon Bhergh/62 

Gwhen 1/183 
ballet Gwel 1/176 

ballon Bhel/54 

bannier Bhendh/57 
bardache Vareta/493 
basse Gwa/1 73 

bassin Gwa/1 73 

benjoin L.b.n/274 
beryl Velur/494 

bescuit Pekw/358 

biscuit Dwo/115 

bombe Bamb/4 6 

borax Bher 4/60 

botica Dhe 2/95 

boulevard Bhel/54 
bravo Baba/45 

brillat Velur/494 

budget Bhel/54 



cabaret Kam 2/207 
cafe' Kaffa/203 

calorie Kel 1/220 
candidat Kand 1/209 
caramel Kolemos/242 
caravane Koro/244 
carnaval Legwh/275 
Sek/409 
carte Cartes/74 

casaque Kaz/216 

casaqueand Kaz/216 



catholique Sol/434 
cedre Q.t.r/382 

censur Kens/225 

chale Savala/401 

chambre Kam 2/207 
champaigne 

Kam 2/207 
charlatan Car/74 

charra Car/74 

charrado Car/ 74 

chateau Kes 1/231 
chauffage Kel 1/220 
chauffeur Kel 1/220 
chibouque Cop/ 7 7 

chicaner Cop/ 7 7 

chiffe S.f.f/419 

chiffre Keu 2/232 

chimie Kers 2/230 
chloro-phylle Bhel/55 
Chorwat Gwer 4/181 
chrome Gher 3/159 
chronique 

Gher 1/158 

cinbare 

Sinkadrus/420 
cinema Kei 2/218 
civette z.b.d/54 
classe Kel 3/221 

clinic Klei/239 

club Gel/139 

communisme 

Mei 3/297 
concilie Kel 3/221 
congres Gredh/1 69 
conserver Ser 2/416 
cors Kwer/2 63 

corset Kwer/2 63 

cosmetique Kens/225 
cotelette Kost/245 
coton Kitu/238 



S34 



French 

C - M 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


cravate 


Gwer 4/181 




F 




Ghel/155 


creme 


Gher 3/159 




Jarre 


K.r.v/24 7 


crystal 


Kreu/24 6 


fantome 


Bha 1/49 


Jersey 


Skhai/427 






fascism 


Bhendh/57 


journal 


Dei/81 


T% 


feodal 


Pek/357 


jupe 


J.b.b/198 


J 




fil 


Gwhi/186 


jupon 


J.b.b/198 


Danube 


Da 2/79 


filet 


Gwhi/186 






datte 


Daqal/79 


flute 


Agaruh/6 




K 


deca 


Dekm/84 


four 


Gwher/186 




deci 


Dekm/84 






kabl 


Habl/189 


democratie Da 1/78 




G 


kilo- 


Gheslo/161 


diphterie 


Deph/88 




kiosque 


Geu 1/14 6 


diplomate 


Dwo/115 


garcette 


Wreg 1/527 






diplome 


Dwo/115 


garcon 


Wreg 1/527 




L 


douche 


Deuk/92 


gaze 


Kaz/216 




douzaine 


Dekm/84 


gazel 


G.z. 1/188 


laquis 


Ul/487 




Dwo/115 


gazette 


Gzn/188 


limon 


Nimbu/336 






girafe 


Zarafah/539 


limonad 


Nimbu/336 


F 


gladiyator Kel 6/222 


litre 


Lithra/284 


^ 




globule 


Gel/139 


logarithme Ar/32 


eau 


Akwa/14 


grade 


Gredh/1 69 


luth 


Agaruh/6 


eau de Cologne 


granite 


Ger 2/144 








Akwa/14 


groupe 


Ger 1/143 




M 


e'chec et mat 


guitare 


Ten 1/471 








M.v. t/315 




Trei/481 


macrame 


Q.r.m/382 


eczema 


Yes/534 






ma-dame 


) Dem/86 


ensyme 


Yeu 3/536 




H 


magasin 


Gzn/188 


epinard 






Malaga 


M.l.h/310 


Spi 


nakion/440 


harmonic 


i Ar/32 


mandrin 


Menth/304 


eschelle 


Skand/422 


hect-are 


As/35 


mannequin 


espinard 




hectare 


Dekm/85 




Men 1/302 


Spi 


nakion/440 


helTcopter Pet 1/370 


manteau 




estandard 


Sta/445 


homogene Sem 1/412 


Mantellum/291 


etc. 


Ser 2/416 


hydrogene Wed/ 4 98 


marbre 


Mer 2/305 


ether 


Aidh/9 






marcassite 


etiquette 


Steig/448 




J 




Magsisa/289 


Europe 


Erebu/128 




masque 


S.x.r/463 






Janiver 


Ei/119 


mat 


M.v. t/315 






Jaques 


A' .q.b/30 




M.v. t/315 






jargon 


Geu 1/14 6 


matador 


M.v. t/315 



j35 



French 

M - V 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



matamore Temar/470 
Mediterranee 

Ters/476 
metre Me 2/293 

microbe Gwei/175 

migrene Ker 1/22 6 
monsieur Sen 1/413 
mosquee Masgda/292 
musique Men 1/302 



N 



narguile 

Narikelah/320 
nitre Nitiru/337 

nombre Nem 1/329 
nuance Sneudh/432 
nue Sneudh/432 

o 

observer Ser 2/416 
octopode Okto/342 
Ped/354 
ogee Ud 1/486 

ogive Ud 1/486 

orchestre Er 1/127 
orthodoxe Dek/83 

osmose Wedh 2/499 
oxygene Ak/12 



pancreas Kreu/24 6 
paraffine Pdu/376 

paranthese Dhe 2/95 
En/124 
parler Gwel 1/176 
peches Parsa/352 
peches melba 

Parsa/352 



phase 
phosphore 

photo 

pilau 

plasma 

plastique 

platine 

poche 

pocket 

pompon 

poudre 



Bha 1/49 

Bha 1/49 

Bher 1/59 

Bha 1/49 

Pulaka/379 

Pele/361 

Pele/361 

Pele/361 

Beu 2/48 

Beu 2/48 

Pekw/358 

Pel 3/360 



R 



rame R.z .m/397 

rayme R.z .m/397 

refuse Gheu 1/162 

ris Urigh/490 

risque Sek/408 

riz Urigh/490 



saccharine 

Korka/243 
salamandre 

Salamandra /399 
sarcasme Twerk/485 
satrape Ksei 1/248 
scorpion A.q.r/31 

sec Seiku/407 

seinat Sen 1/413 

senateur Sen 1/413 
serenade Ksero/250 
seri Ser 3/416 

seriyal Ser 3/416 

ski Sek/409 

sofa Soffeh/433 

soupe Seu 2/418 



strategie Ag/5 

Ster 1/449 
sublime' Upo/489 

sucre Korka/243 

sujet Upo/489 

symbole Gwel 1/176 

Sem 1/412 
symphonie Bha 2/50 

Sem 1/412 
symposium P6 2/374 

Sem 1/412 
Syphilis Bhili/66 



tabac Tabaco/464 

tabaquiere 

Tabaco/464 
talc Talk/ 4 65 

tarbouche Pds/375 
tartre Tartaros/466 
telephone Bha 2/50 
television Weid/504 
terrasse Ters/476 

theme Dhe 2/95 

these Dhe 2/95 

tombac Tem/470 

trafic F.r.q/135 

transit Ei/118 



vaseline Wed/ 4 97 

Venezia Wen/ 51 3 

Vennezuela Wen/ 51 3 
Venus Wen/513 

vermicelle Wer 2/515 
villa Weik 2/506 

vinaigre Ak/12 

virus Wei s/ 507 



636 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



French 

v - z 

Root/Page 



visite Weid/504 

vitamine Gwei/175 



zeolite 
zero 



Yes/534 
Keu 2/232 



537 



French (Old) 

A - S 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


French (Old) 
A 

amiral A' .m.r/23 


franc 

France 

Frankon 


F 

Frankon/134 
Frankon/134 

Frankon/134 


safron 
Saracin 


S.f.r/419 
Cirag/75 




B 




G 

Ker 1/22 6 

Ker 1/22 6 

Gurb/1 70 

B.r.k/71 

H 

Kei 4/219 
Kei 4/219 






babine Baba/45 
balais Apank/28 
baleine Bhel/54 
borrace A.r.q/34 

Ab 2/3 
bougette Bhel/54 
bourg Bhergh/63 
bourrache A.r.q/34 

Ab 2/3 
burgeis Bhergh/63 


gingiber 
gingiver 
greve 
grifion 

ham 
hamlet 








C 




I 






chameal 

chamel 

chemise 

coissin 

cresme 

cuisse 


Jamal/198 

Jamal/198 

Kern 2/223 

Kenk 1/224 

Gher 3/159 

Kenk 1/224 

D 


ivurie 

jaspe 
jaspre 


Yb/533 

J 

Yasfa/532 
Yasfa/532 

N 






drugeman 

Ragamu/384 


neveu 


Nepot/330 






E 

esmeralde B.r.q/71 
estandard Kar 1/212 


P 

parchemin 

Parth/352 












s 










saflor 


S.f.r/419 







638 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



German 

A - S 

WORD Root/Page 



German 



auto-bahn Autos/42 
Bhen/56 

D 

dolman Dolmak/109 



Sperling Spereg/438 



639 



German (Mid H) 

B - S 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


German (Mid H 


( 










B 










balle 
bane 
bole 
bolwerk 


Bhel/54 

Bhen/56 

Bhel/54 

Werg 1/519 

G 










gucken 


Ghuk/166 

K 










karl 


Ger 2/144 

L 










Ireken 
lurken 


Lrg/285 
Lrg/285 

M 










meneke 


Y.m.n/537 

s 










spar 
swicken 


Spereg/438 
Suig/457 











640 



German (Old H) 

A - W 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



German (Old H ) 
A 

adal Atos/38 

adel-beraht Atos/38 

athal-wolf Atos/38 

Wei 2/511 



gi-lari 



Les/279 



H 



heim Kei 4/219 

heimerich Kei 4/219 

o 

ostar Aus 2/41 



R 

rasta Rem/390 



smerzan Mer 2/306 



tar 



Dhars/93 



w 

wazzar Wed/ 4 97 



341 



Germanic 

A - F 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Germanic 


banon 
banwan 


Bhen/56 
Bha 2/50 




D 




A 


batiso 
beran 


Bhad/50 
Bher 1/59 


dagaz 
daigaz 


Dhogh/104 
Dheigh/96 


adel-beraht 


bergaz 


Bhergh/63 


dauwaz 
derk 


Dheu 1/99 
Dher 2/99 


af 

afug 

ahto 


Bhereg/61 
Apo/30 
Apo/30 
Okto/342 


berhtaz 
berkjon 
bero 
bher-nk 


Bhereg/61 
Bhereg/61 
Bher 4/60 
Neku/328 


dTg 
dohter 


Dheigh/96 

Dheugh/101 

Ter 3/475 


ahwjo 


Akwa/14 


binda 


Bhendh/57 


dohtor 
don 


Dheugh/101 
Dhe 2/95 


aigan 
ail 


Aik/10 
Aidh/9 


bladaz 
bios 


Bhel/55 
Bhel/55 


dragan 


Ohragh 1/105 


ainaz 
ainigaz 


I 2/195 
I 2/195 


boog 
boron 


Bhaghu /52 
Bher 3/60 


drauma 
dringan 
drinkan 


Dhreugh/1 05 
Trenk/482 


airiz 


Ayer/44 


brandaz 


Bher 5/61 




aiwi 


Ai w/1 1 


braudam 


Bher 5/61 




Ohragh 1/105 


ajjam 


Aw/43 


brengan 


Bher 1/59 


durunz 


Dhwer/106 


ak-jo 


Ak/12 


brenw 


Bher 5/61 






alino 


El 3 /122 


bres 


Bher 5/61 




E 


al-jas 


Al 1/15 


brethaz 


Bher 5/61 






almo 


El 2/122 


breuwan 


Bher 5/61 


eben 


Apo/30 

Eg/ 118 

Aw/43 


ana 


An 3/25 


brad 


Bher 5/61 


e 9 


anda 


En/124 


brothar 


Bher 1/59 


e 99 










elmo 


El 2/122 


Angul 


Ang/26 




Ter 3/475 


elwa 


El 2/122 


ano 


An 3/25 


brudam 


Bher 5/61 






ansu 


An 1/24 


brugjo 


Bhru 1/67 






apo-tero 


Apo/30 


brunaz 


Bher 4/60 




F 


art 


Er 1/126 


brus 


Bhru 1/67 




askon 


As/35 


bukkaz 


Bhugo/68 


fadar 


Pa/350 


augon 


Okw/343 


bul 


Bhel/55 




Ter 3/475 


aujo 


Akwa/14 


bullon 


Bhel/55 


faitaz 


Pei/355 


aust 


Aus 2/41 


bund 


Bhendh/57 


fausa 


Pu 4/378 


Austron 


Aus 2/41 


bur 


Bher 1/59 


fawaz 


Pou/376 






BURD 


Bher 3/60 


feht 


Pek/357 




B 


burgs 


Bhergh/63 


fehu 


Pek/357 




burthiz 


Bher 1/59 


felag 


Pek/357 


balgTz 


Bhel/55 






fel-thus 


Pele/361 


balthaz 


Bhel/55 




c 


fer 


Per 1/364 


band 


Bhendh/57 




fethro 


Pet 1/370 


bankon 


Bhe/53 


chol 


Dhogh/104 


fihla 


Peig/356 



342 



Germanic 

F - I 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


finfi 


Penkwe/362 


greduz 


Gher 4/159 


himin 


Kara 2/201 


fingwraz 


Penkwe/362 


gretan 


Ghlad/163 


hi wan 


Kei 1/211 


finthan 


Pent/ 362 


grimmaz 


Ghrem/1 64 


hlaider 


Klei/239 


flataz 


Pele/361 


grotjan 


Ghlad/163 


hlid 


Klei/239 


flo-ruz 


Pele/361 


grum 


Ghrem/1 64 


hlinen 


Klei/239 


fniu 


Skeu 1/425 


Gudam 


Ghu 1/165 


hludaz 


Kleu 1/240 


fod 


Pa/350 


guthjo 


Gwhen 2/185 


hlusinon 


Kleu 1/240 


foljan 


Pol /375 






hluta 


Kleu 2/241 


fot 


Ped/354 




H 


hofaz 


Kapho/211 


fri 


Pr 1/311 




hoka 


Keg/ 21 1 


fruma 


Per 1/364 


haben 


Kap/210 


horaz 


Ka 1/201 


fu-faz 


Pu 4/318 


hafigaz 


Kap/210 


hr 


Ker 3/221 


fulitho 


Pu 4/318 


haino 


Ak/13 


hringaz 


Sker 1/424 


ful-naz 


Pel 1/359 


hakkijan 


Keg/ 21 1 


hrugjaz 


Sker 1/424 


funh-stiz 


Penkwe/362 


hallo 


Kel 2/220 


hudiz 


Skeu 2/425 


furista 


Per 1/364 


ha-maraz 


Ak/12 


hudjan 


Skeu 2/425 






hanhila 


Kenk 1/224 


hudjon 


Skeu 2/425 




G 


harduz 


Kar 1/212 


hundan 


Dekm/85 




hare 


Koro/244 


hundaz 


Kwon/2 68 


gabl Ghebh-el/152 


hah 


Koro/244 


hun-slam 


Kwen 1/2 61 


gaistaz 


Gheis/155 


harja-bergaz 


huson 


Skeu 2/425 


gaizaz 


Ghei 2/154 




Bhergh/63 


hwa 


Kwo/2 61 


ga-maid- 


az 




Koro/244 


hwaitjaz 


Kuei/254 




Mei 3/291 


harja-waldaz 


hwaliz 


Skwalo/428 


gamainiz 


Mei 3/291 




Koro/244 


hwatharaz Kwo/2 61 


gang 


Ghengh/151 


harjaz 


Koro/244 


hwi 


Kwo/2 61 


ga-noga 


Neku/328 


harjon 


Koro/244 


hwTIo 


Kweye/2 66 


ganoton 


Ghans/149 


harmaz 


Kormo/243 


hwTtaz 


Kuei/254 


ganr 


Ghans/149 


harwer 


Koro/244 






gans 


Ghans/149 


hatiz 


Kad 1/202 




I 


gat 


Ghaido/148 


haujam 


Kau/215 




gee-n 


Ghe 1/151 


haujjan 


Keu 3/233 


ic 


Eg/ 118 


gernjan 


Gher 4/159 


haup 


Geu 1/141 


in 


En/124 


ges-ter 


Ghdies/151 


helmaz 


Kel 2/220 


innera 


En/124 


ginon 


Ghei/ 152 


herdo 


Kerd 2/229 


Ts 


Eis 2/120 


gnag 


Ghen/151 


hertho 


Ker 5/228 


is-areno 


Eis 1/119 


gnatt 


Ghen/151 


hert-on 


Kerd 1/229 


istaz 


Isto/197 


grab 


Ghrebh/1 64 


herwes 


Koro/244 


isti 


Es 2/131 


grappon 


Ger 1/143 


hi 


Ki 2/231 


isto 


Isto/197 


grautaz 


Gher 3/159 


hibin 


Kara 2/201 


it-an 


Ed/ 117 



j43 



Germanic 

i - p 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


ith 


Eti/132 


kuman 


Gwa/1 73 


mildja 


Mel 3/300 


izmi 


Es 2/131 


kundigaz 


Gene 1/141 


milkan 


Mel g/ 300 






kundjaz 


Gene 1/141 


milks 


Mel 3/300 




J 


kunnan 


Gno/168 




Mel 3/300 




kur 


Ger 4/145 


missa 


Mei 3/297 


jeram 


Ei/119 


kusjan 


Bu/72 


mono 


Men 3/303 


jest 


Yes/534 


kweniz 


Gwen 1/178 


mothar 


Ma/286 


juncaz 


Yeu 2/535 


kwi-kwaz 


Gwei/175 




Ter 3/475 


jungaz 


Yeu 2/535 






mugon 


Muk/314 


juz 


Yu/538 




L 


muhon 


Muk/314 








muntha 


Menth/304 




K 


laido 


Leith/2 78 


murgja 


Mregu/312 




laik 


Leig/2 76 


mur-thra 


Mer 2/305 


kabal 


Geph/142 


laipjan 


Leith/2 78 


mus 


Mu/313 


kaf 


Geph/142 


lambiz 


El 2/122 






kakan 


Kak 4/205 


langaz 


Del/86 




N 


kail 


Gal/ 13 6 


lep 


Leb/274 




karnam 


Ger 2/144 


lethram 


Letro/280 


na 


Ne 1/321 


kewwan 


Geu 3/148 


-lif 


Leigh 2/277 


nabo 


Nobh/337 


kilbur 


Gwelbh/177 


lihtjaz 


Legwh/27 5 


nagla 


Nogh/338 


kinnuz 


Genu 2/142 


likkon 


Leigh 1/276 


naht 


Noktis/339 


kiusan 


Geus/148 


liuhtam 


Leuk/282 


nakw-eda Nogw/339 


klaijo 


Gel/139 


lollen 


La/2 70 


namon 


Nomn/34 


klamp 


Gel/139 






narwa 


Ner 2/332 


klimban 


Gel/139 




M 


nas-ja 


Nes 1/332 


kling 


Gel/139 




naso 


Nas/320 


klub 


Gel/139 


mag 


Maghl/288 


ne 


Ne 1/321 


klud 


Gel/139 


magadi 


Maghos/289 


neuja 


Newo/334 


klukjan 


Gel/139 


mahti 


Maghl/288 


nist 


Ni 1/335 


klump 


Gel/139 


malta 


Mel 3/300 


nith 


Ni 1/335 


klut 


Gel/139 


manna 


Men 1/302 


niwum 


Newn/333 


kniwam 


Genu 1/142 


mark 


Merg/307 






know 


Gno/168 


maron 


Mer 2/305 




o 


kolam 


Dhogh/104 


mazga 


Mozgo/312 




kolo 


Dhogh/104 


medo 


Mizdho/310 


oft 


Op/ 34 4 


kous 


Gwou/187 


meltan 


Mel 3/300 






kranu 


Ger 4/145 


meus 


Meu 1/308 




P 


kre 


Ger 4/145 


midja 


Medhyo/295 




krik 


Ker 3/22 7 


mih-stu 


Meig/298 


patha 


Pent/ 3 62 


kro 


Ger 4/145 


mikila 


Meg/295 


petwor 


Kwetwer/265 



544 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Germanic 

P - T 

Root/Page 



puk 



Beu 2/48 



Q 



quabbeln 

Gwebh 2/174 

R 

raigwa Rei 2/389 

raipaz Rei 2/389 

rako Reg 1/387 

raubo Reu 2/393 

raubon Reu 2/393 
raugna Reughmen/394 

rehtaz Reg 1/387 

res Eres 1/130 

ri-nwan Er 1/12 6 

np Rei 2/389 

riukan Reug/394 

rumaz Rewe/395 

rupja Reu 2/393 

rutjan Reu 2/393 



eks 


Sweks/4 60 


enawo 


Sai 2/398 


ibum 


Septm/414 


Tdo 


Se 2/404 


ijai 


Es 2/131 


Tth 


Se 2/404 


ituraz 


Teu 1/477 


iuthan 


Seu 4/418 


kanko 


Skeng/423 


kauuon 


Keu 3/233 


km an 


Skai/421 


kith 


Sek/409 


kiutan 


Skeud 1/426 


krainjan 


Ker 3/22 7 



skreki 
skrink 
skuma 



Ker 3/22 7 
Sker 1/424 
Skeu 2/425 



skutilaz Skeud 1/426 
skutjon Skeud 1/426 
skuttjan Skeud 1/426 
smal Mel 2/299 

smelt Mel 3/300 

smug Meug/308 

snaiwaz Sneigwh/432 
snarwa Ner 2/332 
spannjan Spen/437 
sparwan Sper/437 

spehon Spek/436 

spin-ilon Spen/437 

spinnan Spen/437 

spithra Spen/437 

spreg Spereg/438 

sprek Spereg/438 

springan Spereg/438 
Spher/44 
staigrT Steigh/449 
stainaz Stei/447 

standan sti/445 

staren Ster 3/450 
starkjan Ster 3/450 
staup Steu 2/452 

sterben Ster 3/450 
sterk Ster 3/450 

sterron Ster 2/450 
stTfaz Stei/447 

stik Steig/448 

strau-maz Ser 1/415 
strawam Ster 1/449 
strut Ster 3/450 

stubb Steu 2/452 

stukkjam Steu 2/452 
suk Seu 2/418 

suk Seu 2/418 

sulk Selg/411 



sumaraz 

sunnon 

sunuz 

sup 

suth 

swaidaz 

swanon 

swel-han 

swerdam 

swTf 

swiltan 

swTnam 

swTp 

swotja 



tahr 

taikjan 

tamaz 

tangus 

tanhuz 

tanth-uz 

tappa 

taumaz 

tehan 

tehun 

teng 

teran 

thakam 

thakjan 

thangul 

thinhatz 

thiuham 

thr 

thrijiz 

thu 

thumaz 

thumon 

thunaraz 



Sem 2/413 

Sawel/402 

Seu 3/418 

Seu 2/418 

Seu 4/418 

Sweid/4 60 

Swen/4 61 

Swel 1/4 61 

Swer/4 62 

Swei/459 

Sawel/403 

Su 2/457 

Swei/459 

Swad/459 



Akru/14 
Deik/82 
Dema/87 
Denk/8 7 
Denk/8 7 
Ed/ 117 
Dumb/ 112 
Deuk/92 
Dekm/84 
Dekm/84 
Denk/8 7 
Der 1/89 
Steg/447 
Steg/447 
Tenk/473 
Tenk/473 
Teu 1/477 
Ter 1/474 
Trei/481 
Tu/483 
Tu/483 
Teu 1/477 
Ten 2/472 



545 



Germanic 

T - Y 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


thunw 


Ten 1/472 


waht 


Weg 2/500 


wTt 


Ei/119 


thurs 


Ters/476 


wai 


Wai/ 4 95 


wit 


We id/504 


thus-hundai 


waikwaz 


Weik 1/505 


wTtan 


We id/504 




Teu 1/477 


waken 


Weg 2/500 


withro 


Wi/524 


tTdiz 


Da 1/78 


wakjan 


Weg 2/500 


wos 


Wes 1/520 


tTmo 


Da 1/78 


wall 


Wel 3/511 


wosp 


Webh/497 


tiuhan 


Deuk/92 


wanaton 


Eu 1/132 


wrakjo 


Wreg 1/527 


tiuzon 


Deu 2/92 


war 


Wer 6/517 


wrekjan 


Wreg 1/527 


tiwaz 


Dei/81 


war-n 


Wer 3/516 


wulfaz 


Wel 2/510 


to 


De 2/80 


warton 


Wer 6/517 


wulla 


Wel 2/510 


tred 


Der 2 /90 


water 


Wed/ 4 98 


wunsk 


Wen/513 


tugon 


Deuk/92 


wat-skan 


Wed/ 4 98 


wurdam 


Wer 1/514 


tungon 


Dinghw/107 


wazjan 


Wes 3/521 






tunth-sk 


Ed/ 117 


weban 


Webh/497 




Y 


tuppa 


Dumb/ 112 


wed 


Wed/ 4 98 




twai 


Dwo/115 


wed ram 


We 1/496 


yeram 


Ei/119 






wefta 


Webh/497 


yukam 


Yeu 1/535 




u 


wegaz 
we-ingia 


Wegh/501 
We 1/496 






uberi 


Upo/490 


weke 


Weg 1/499 






ubilaz 


Upo/489 


wel 


Wel 3/511 






uhson 


Wegw/501 


welk 


Wel 3/511 






un- 


Ne 1/321 


weraldh 


Wei 2/503 






uns 


Ne 2/322 


werkam 


Werg 1/519 






unsara 


Ne 2/322 


westo 


Au 2/39 






upanaz 


Upo/489 


wTdaz 


Ei/119 






upp 


Upo/489 




Wi/524 






ut 


Ud 1/486 


widewaz 
wigan 


Weidh/505 
Wegh/501 








V 


wik 


Weik 1/505 








wikon 


Weik 1/505 






vind-auga Okw/343 


windaz 


We 1/496 








We 1/496 


winnan 
wintruz 


Wen/513 
Wed/ 4 98 








w 


wTpjan 
wi-ra 


Weip/506 
Wei 1/502 






wabila 


Webh/497 


wisand 


Weis/507 






wafsa 


Webh/497 


wisolon 


Weis/507 






wahsam 


Weg 1/499 


wison 


Weis/507 






wahsan 


Aueg/4 


wTssaz 


We id/504 







Greek 

A - B 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Greek 




andros 


Ner 1/331 


aster-lam 


Danein 






a-ner 


Ner 1/331 




Ster 2/450 


A 


angelos 


Agaru/6 


a-stigmat 


Steig/448 


i 




ankura 


Ang/2 6 


astma 


An 1/24 


a- 


Ne 1/322 


Anna 


H.n.n/191 


a-tla 


Tel/ 4 69 


Abel 


Hebhel/190 


apo-tithenai Dhe 2/95 


Atlas 


Tel/ 4 69 


a-damas 


Dema/87 


apsinthion 




atmo 


We 1/496 


adelphos 


Gwelbh/177 




Kwen 1/2 61 


a-tomos 


Ne 1/322 


aeirein 


Wer 6/517 


archaios 


Arxein/35 


austeros 


Saus/401 


aer 


We 1/496 


ari-koite 


Kei 4/219 


authentes 


Autos/42 


a-exon 


Wek/507 


arithmus 


Ar/32 


Autos 


Autos/42 


afendis 


Autos/42 


arkh 


Arxein/35 


autos-matos 


agein 


Ag/5 


Arkhein 


Arxein/35 




Men 1/302 


aigis 


Aig-/9 


arkht 


Arxein/35 






aither 


Aidh/9 


arkticos 


Rk-tho/396 




B 


akavein 


Keu 3/233 


arktos 


Rk-tho/396 




akro-bates 


Gwa/1 73 


arma 


Ar/32 


bagma 


Wag 2/495 


akrobates 


Ak/12 


arsenikon 


Ghel/155 


bainein 


Gwa/1 73 


akros 


Ak/12 


arsonalos 


D.v.r/114 


ballein 


Gwel 1/176 


alein 


Al 2/16 


arteria 


Wer 6/517 


ballizein 


Gwel 1/176 


al-euron 


Al 2/16 


arthro-itis 


Ar/32 


balsamon 


Busma/72 


alex-andros Alek/19 


arx 


Arxein/35 


baptein 


Gwebh 1/174 




Ner 1/331 


arxaios 


Arxein/35 


barbaros 


Baba/45 


alexein 


Alek/19 


Arxein 


Arxein/35 


barbitos 


Baba/45 


alios 


Al 1/15 


arxeion 


Arxein/35 


baros 


Gwer 1/178 


alos 


Sawel/403 


arxi-tekton 


Tex/4 79 


barus 


Gwer 1/178 


alphein 


Algwh/20 


arxt 


Arxein/35 


bazo 


Wag 2/495 


amazon 


Magh 2/289 


arx-tekton 


Arxein/35 


berullos 


Velur/494 


ambix 


Nei 1/325 


a-sbenuna 


Gwes/181 


beryl los 


Velur/494 


amen 


A.m.n/22 




Ne 1/322 


bibua 


J.b.l /199 


amphi 


Ambhi/21 


a-sema 


Ne 1/322 


bios 


Gwei/175 


amphi-ktuoness 


A-sema 


Sema/413 


bombax 


Pambak/351 




Ksei 3/249 


asia 


Asu /36 


bom bos 


Bamb/4 6 


ampis 


Embhi/123 


asparagos 




bous 


Gwou/187 


am-pus 


Puk/378 




Spereg/438 


bradus 


Gurdos/170 


an- 


Ne 1/322 


a-sphallein 


Ne 1/322 


braxon 


Mregu/312 


ana- 


An 3/25 


Sph 


allein/439 


braxus 


Mregu/312 


ana-hodos 


Sed/405 


asphaltos 


Ne 1/322 


bronxos 


Gwer 3/180 


analogos 


An 3/25 


Sph 


allein/439 


bublos 


J.b.l /199 


ana-luein 


An 3/25 


aster 


Ster 2/450 


bussos 1 


B.y.z/73 



j47 



Greek 

B - G 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


bussos 2 


Gwadh/1 73 




Dwo/115 


ek-leipsis 








dia-dema 


De 1/80 


Le 


igh 2/277 




c 




Dwo/115 


ek-zema 


Yes/534 




dia-ithan 


Ai/8 


el 


Yb/533 


canna 


Gwhen 1/184 


dia-luein 


Dwo/115 


elephas 


Yb/533 


Cartes 


Cartes/74 




Leu/280 


en- 


En/124 


casos 


Kreu/24 6 


dialuses 


Dwo/115 


en-druon Deru 1 /91 


Christ 


Gher 3/159 


dia-lusis 


Leu/280 


en-zume Yeu 3/536 


chronos 


Gher 1/158 


dia-metros 


Dwo/115 


epi 


Epi/ 12 5 


cros 


Kreu/246 




Me 2/293 


epi-demos 


Da 1/78 


crystacus 


Kreu/246 


dia-phragna Dwo/115 


epi-eis-hodos En/124 






didonai 


Do 2/109 




Sed/405 




D 


dikein 


Deik/82 


epi-skopos 


Epi/ 12 5 




diphtera 


Deph/88 




Spek/436 


daimon 


Da 1/78 


di-ploos 


Dwo/115 


ergon Werg 1/519 


daktulus 


Daqal/79 




Dwo/115 


ethein 


Se 3/404 


daman 


Dema/87 


dis 


Dwo/115 


ethmoeides 


Se 3/404 


Danao 


Da 2/79 


dokein 


Dek/83 


eu-angelos 


Agaru/6 


dein 


De 1/80 


doron 


Do 2/109 


eu-genos Gene 1/141 


deinos 


Dwei/114 


drakoon 


Derk/90 




Su 1/456 


deinos-saura 


Drassomar 


1 


eu-kaliptos 


Su 1/456 




Dwei/114 


Dra 


ssoman/11 


eu-klidos 


Su 1/456 


deka 


Dekm/84 


draxme 




Euphrates Per 2/365 


delphis 


Gwelbh/177 


Dra 


ssoman/11 




Su 1/454 


delphus 


Gwelbh/177 


draxmon 




europa Erebu/128 


demos 


Da 1/78 


Dra 


ssoman/11 


eus 


Su 1/456 


demos-keratos 


dromos 


Der 2 /90 


ev-angelion 


Su 1/456 




Da 1/78 


drus 


Deru 1 /91 


evangelion 


Agaru/6 




Kar 1/212 


dus 


Dus/ 113 


exon 


Wek/507 


denarion 


Dekm/84 










der-ma 


Der 1/89 


F 






di 


Dwo/115 


j. 




F 




dia 


Dwo/115 


ebnos 


Hebni/190 


for heating a 




dia-bainein Dwo/115 
Gwa/1 73 


Ebraios 
eirein 


A* .b.r/4 
Wer 1/514 


r 

'am 2/207 


dia-ballein Dwo/115 


eis- 


En/124 








Gwel 1/176 


ek-kalein 


Kel 3/221 


G 




dia-bolos 

diabolos 

dia-dein 


Gwel 1/176 
Dwo/115 
De 1/80 


ekklesia Kel 3/221 
ek-leipein 

Leigh 2/277 


gagrajna Gras/1 69 
galea Gaulos/138 
gamos Geme/140 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Greek 

G - K 

Root/Page 



gangraina Gras/169 
gaulos Gaulos/138 
gaza Gzn/188 

genos Gene 1/141 
geranous Ger 4/145 
gignoskein Gnd/168 
gonia Genu 1/142 

gregorious 

Ger 3/145 
gr-on-os Gher 1/158 
gruphos B.r.k/71 

grups B.r.k/71 

gumnazein Nogw/339 
gumnos Nogw/339 

gumon Ghdhem/150 
gune Gwen 1/178 

gupsos Gassu/138 
guros Geu 1/14 6 

H 

hagnos Yag/531 

harmos Ar/32 

heepar Yekwer/533 
hektaton Dekm/85 

Helene Sawel/403 
helene Sawel/403 
helik-pter Pet 1/370 
helios Sawel/403 

hel-ix Wei 3/511 

hemi-kranion 

Ker 1/22 6 
Heracles Ser 2/416 
heros Ser 2/416 

hex Sweks/4 60 

hipos ho potami 

Pet 1/370 
hippos Ekwos/121 

histor We id/504 

hodos Sed/4 05 



holo-kaustos 

Ku 1/253 
Sol/434 
holos Sol/434 

homalos Sem 1/412 
homos Sem 1/412 
hopos Swekwo/460 
hora Ei/119 

horos Ei/119 

hu Su 1/456 

huaina Su 2/457 

hudor Wed/498 

hu-gies Gwei/175 

hu-gies Su 1/456 

huper Upo/490 

hupnos Swep/4 62 

hus-teros Ud 1/486 
Hyakinthos 

Hyakinthos/193 

I 



iaspis 


Yasfa/532 


idea 


Wei d/ 504 


ieani 


Ei/119 


Indos 


Sy and/ 463 


Ion 1 


H.n.n/191 


ion 2 


Ei/119 


iris 


Wei 1/502 


Isaak 


Z.h.k/540 


istoria 


We id/504 


Iwannos 


H.n.n/191 



Jacobos A' .q.b/30 



K 

kadmia Q.d.m/380 



Kadmos Q.d.m/380 
kaisar Skhai/427 

kalamos Kolemos/242 
kalix Kel 5/222 

Kalo Ku 1/253 

kalo-podein Ku 1/253 
kalo-podion Ped/354 
kaluptein Kel 2/220 
kamara Kam 2/207 
kamelos Jamal/198 
kaminos Kam 2/207 
kamision Kem 2/223 
kandhela Kand 1/209 
kanon Gwhen 1/184 
kapauta Kavuta/215 
Kapparis 

Kapparis/211 
kapsa Kap/210 

kardia Kerd 1/229 
karkanos Kar 1/212 
karpasos 

Karpasah/213 
kata-hodos Sed/4 05 
kata-holos Sol/434 
katholicos Sol/434 
kau Ku 1/253 

kau-casos Kreu/24 6 
Ku 1/253 
kaukalon Kafs/203 
kaukis Kafs/203 

kauma Ku 1/253 

Keanos Keanos/216 
Kedrus Q.t.r/382 
kellos Skel 1/423 
kemos Kam 1/206 
kentmnarion Dekm/85 
kephale 

Ghebh-el/152 
keramos Ker 5/228 
keras Ker 1/226 



Greek 

K - N 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


keration 


Ker 1/22 6 


krokodilos Korka/243 


maraino 


Mer 2/305 


keratos 


Kar 1/212 


kseo 


Kes 2/231 


margarites 




keros 


Kiru/238 


ksiphos 


Ksip/251 


Mu 


rvarit/315 


kharax 


Gher 3/159 


ksnio 


Kes 2/231 


Maria 


R.y.m/396 


khasma 


Ghei/152 


ktizein 


Ksei 3/249 


Mariam 


R.y.m/396 


khen 


Ghans/149 


kubos 


K.a' .b/201 


marmaron 




khoris. xoris 


kudos 


Keu 3/233 




Mer 2/305 




Gher 4/159 


ku-klos 


Kwel/2 61 


marmaros 


Mer 2/305 


khriein 


Gher 3/159 


kuknos 


Keuk 1/235 


mastax 


Menth/304 


kinein 


Kei 2/218 


kulindein 


Skel 1/423 


mastixan 


Menth/304 


kinema 


Kei 2/218 


Kuros 


Sker 1/424 


mastixe 


Menth/304 


kinnabari 




kustis 


Kwes/2 64 


math-ya 


Menth/304 


Si 


nkadrus/ 420 


kutos 


Skeu 2/425 


matos 


Men 1/302 


kithara 


Ten 1/471 
Trei/481 


kybos 


K.a' .b/201 


maxana 
maxanikon 


Maghl/288 


kiton 


Kitu/238 




L 




Maghl/288 


kleidos 


Kleu 2/241 




me 


Me 1/292 


kleiein 


Kleu 2/241 


ladon 


Ladunu/2 70 


megas 


Meg/295 


kleiss 


Kleu 2/241 


lagadon 


Lek/2 78 


melan-xole 




kITma 


Klei/239 


laggazo 


Lang/272 




Mel 1/299 


kITmax 


Klei/239 


laggeo 


Lang/272 


melan-xolia Ghel/156 


kline 


Klei/239 


lakis 


Lek/2 79 


meter 


Ma/286 


klon 


Kei 6/222 


lalein 


La/2 70 


met-hodos 


Sed/405 


koeonos 


Sker 1/424 


lalos 


La/2 70 


methu 


Medhu/294 


koiman 


Kei 4/219 


laparos 


Lep/2 79 


metron 


Me 2/293 


koimeterion 


lekane 


Lignu/283 


mexana 


Maghl/288 




Kei 4/219 


litra 


Lithra/284 


mexos 


Maghl/288 


koite 


Kei 4/219 


loggos 


Longos/284 


mikro-bios 


Gwei/175 


kolba 


Kei 2/220 


logos-arithmus Ar/32 


mithras 


Mei 4/297 


kolon 


Skel 1/423 


lotos 


Ladunu/2 70 


mna 


Mana/290 


kolumbos 


Kei 4/222 






mousa 


Men 1/302 


konda 


Gwhen 1/183 




M 


mustax 


Menth/304 


kondu 


Gwhen 1/183 




muxa 


Meug/308 


konos 


Ak/13 


magos 


Maghl/288 






kos-mein 


Kens/225 


makedon 


OS Mak/290 


N 


kos-metikos Kens/225 


makros 


Mak/290 


i 




kos-mos 


Kens/225 


malagma 


Mel 3/300 


nana 


Nana/319 


kreas 


Kreu/24 6 


malaxe 


M.l.h/310 


nannus 


Nana/319 


krikos 


Sker 1/424 


malaxos 


Mel 3/300 


naos 


Nes 1/332 


kroke 


Korka/243 


manthanein 


naphta 


Nabatu/317 








Men 1/302 







650 



Greek 

N - P 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


nardos 


Nedo/324 


ostreon 


Ost/346 


peza Ped/354 


narke 


Ner 2/332 


othein 


Wedh 2/499 


phagein Bhag/52 


narkissos 


Ner 2/332 


oulakis 


Ul/487 


phalos Ghuel/166 


natron 


Nitiru/337 


oxus 


Ak/12 


phanein Bha 1/49 


naus 


Na 1/316 






phanos Bha 1/49 


nek-tar 


Nek 1/327 




P 


pherein Bher 1/59 




Ter 1/474 




philo-adelphos 


neos 


Newo/334 


pais 


Pou/376 


Bhili/66 


nesos 


Sna/431 


Pallas 


Parika/351 


Gwelbh/177 


neuron 


Sai 2/398 


pallas 


Parika/351 


philo-anthopos 


nogla 


Nog/338 


pan-kreas 


Kreu/24 6 


Bhili/66 


nomos 


Nem 1/329 


papoutsi 


Pos/375 


philo-anthropos 


nostos 


Nes 1/332 


pappas 


Pa/350 


Ner 1/331 


nukti 


Noktis/339 


para 


Per 1/364 


philo-armonica 


nux 


Noktis/339 


para-allelon Al 1/15 


Bhili/66 






para-ballein 


philo-hippos Bhili/66 




o 




Gwel 1/176 


Ekwos/121 




para-bolare 


philo-logos Bhili/66 


obelekos 


Gwel 2/177 




Per 1/364 


philos Bhili/66 


obelos 


Gwel 2/177 


paradeisos 


philo-sophos 


obolos 


Gwel 2/177 




Dheigh/96 


Bhili/66 


oikos 


Weik 2/506 




Per 1/363 


Sophos/434 


o-keanos 


Keanos/21 6 


para-en-tithena 


phone Bha 2/50 


okeanos 


Oku/343 




En/124 


phos Bha 1/49 


okto 


Okto/342 




Dhe 2/95 


phos-phoros 


okto-pous 


Okto/342 


para-sitos 


Per 1/364 


Bha 1/49 




Ped/354 


pardakos 


Prs/377 


Bher 1/59 


okys 


Oku/343 


pardos 


Prs/377 


phuein Bheu 3/64 


onoma 


Nomn/34 


parsanges 




phullon Bhel/55 


opion 


Swekwo/460 


Fra-sanga/134 


pilos Pilo/373 


opos 


Swekwo/460 


patane 


Pet 2/371 


pinakx Pin/373 


opsis 


Okw/343 


pater 


Pa/350 


pipo Pet 1/370 


organon 


Werg 1/519 


paxus 


Bhengh/58 


pistake Bistak/69 


org-eyo 


Er 1/127 


pente 


Penkwe/362 


pistakion Bistak/69 


orthos 


Ered/128 


peperi 


Pippali/373 


plan-asthai Pele/361 


oruza 


Urigh/490 


pepon 


Pekw/358 


plas-sein Pele/361 


orxeisthai 


Er 1/127 


peptein 


Pekw/358 


platus Pele/361 


orxis 


Orghi/345 


persis 


Parsa/352 


pneuma Skeu 1/425 


osmos 


Wedh 2/499 


petalon 


Pet 2/371 


poiein Kwei 2/259 


osteon 


Ost/346 


petron 


Pet 1/370 


poine Kwei 1/259 



351 



Greek 

P - T 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



pol-us 

porne 

poros 

potamos 

pous 

priamus 

proto- 

proto-inin 

proto-kolla 

psallein 

psaros 

pser 

ptuo 

puknos 

pusis 



Pel 1/359 

Per 4/368 

Kur/257 

Pet 1/370 

Ped/354 

Kwri/2 69 

Per 1/364 

Per 1/364 

Per 1/364 
Pol /375 
Sper/437 
Sper/437 

Spyeu/441 
Puk/378 
P6 2/374 



R 



Raphael 

razakene 

Razex 

rego-lith 

replon 

rha 

rhegos 

rhein 

rheon 

rheuma 

rhine 

rhodon 

rhopalon 

rhutmos 



R.f.a'/395 

Raga/384 

Raga/384 

Reg 3/388 

Rei 2/389 

Eres 1/130 
Reg 3/388 
Ser 1/415 

Eres 1/130 
Ser 1/415 
Srisa/443 
Wrdho/52 6 
Wer 2/515 
Ser 1/415 



sakkaron Korka/243 
Salamandra 

Salamandra /399 
Salome s.l.m/429 



salome s.l.m/429 
Samson s.m.s/431 
sandarak Kand 1/209 
sandaraxe 

Kand 1/209 
santalion Kand 1/209 
santalon Kand 1/209 
sapon Seip/4 07 

Sarakenos Cirag/75 
sarca-sein Twerk/485 
sarcasmos 

Twerk/485 
sard Tuardo/484 

sarkh Twerk/485 

sarx Twerk/485 

satrapes Ksei 1/248 
Scythe Saka/399 

sema Dheye/102 

Sema Sema/413 

seos Kies/237 

ses Kies/237 

sextarious Yeu 1/535 
skaios Skaivos/421 
skandalon Skand/422 
skelos SiceJ 1/423 
skena Skai/421 

skhelos SiceJ 1/423 
skopos Spek/436 

skorpios A.q.r/31 

smaraldos B.r.q/71 
sophisma Sophos/434 
Sophos Sophos/434 
sousanna Sosen/435 
spairen Spher/440 
speudo Peud/371 

sphaira Spher/440 
Sphallein 

Sphallein/439 
Spinakion 

Spinaki on/440 



splen Spelgh/437 

spoggos 

Spongo /441 
spongos Spongo /441 
steros Ster 3/450 
sthethos Pesteno/369 
stixos Steigh/449 

stizein Steig/448 

stoixeion Steigh/449 
Stoma Stomen/453 

stomaxos Stomen/453 
stratos Ster 1/449 
stratos-agein Ag/5 

Ster 1/449 
stuppe Stewe/452 

sum-ballein 

Gwel 1/176 
sun Sem 1/412 

sun-ballein Sem 1/412 
sun-phone Bha 2/50 
sun-phonos 

Sem 1/412 
sun-posion P6 2/374 
Sem 1/412 
SUS Su 2/457 

SUS-philos Bhili/66 
Su 2/457 
sxema Segh/406 

sxole Segh/4 06 



Tel/4 69 
Tokei/481 



talanton 

taos 

Tartaros 

Tartaros/466 
tarxun Derk/90 

taws Tokei/481 

tekton Tex/4 79 

telesma Kwel/2 61 



S52 



Greek 

T - Z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


telos 


Kwel/2 61 


xloros 


Ghel/156 






Tel/ 4 69 


xloros-ph 


ullon 




terpo 


Terp/4 75 




Bhel/55 




tethe 


Atos/38 




Ghel/156 




tethe 2 


Dhedh 2/95 


xole 


Ghel/156 




tetraon 


Teter/476 


xorus 


Gher 1/158 




texne 


Tex/4 79 


xriein 


Gher 3/159 




thema 


Dhe 2/95 


xroma 


Gher 3/159 




thermos 


Gwher/186 


xronos 


Gher 1/158 




thornus 


Dher 1/98 


xros 


Gher 3/159 




thura 


Dhwer/106 


xymeia 


Gheu 1/162 




thuroides 


Dhwer/106 








tiara 


Steg/447 




z 




tigris 


Steig/448 






tithenai 


Dhe 2/95 


zakaris 


Z.k.r/541 




tolupe 


Tulupos/484 


zeein 


Yes/534 




tomas 


W.a* .m/495 


zeiai 


Ieuo/196 




tonos 


Ten 1/472 


zein 


Yes/534 




toxon 


Teku 1/4 68 


zelos 


Ya/531 




tra-peza 




Zeus 


Dei/81 






Kwetwer/265 


ziggiberis 


Ker 1/22 6 






Ped/354 


zoe 


Gwei/175 




traxus 


Dher 2/99 


zoidion 


Gwei/175 




tumbus 


Teu 1/477 


zonarion 


Yds/538 




tuphein 


Dheu 2/100 


zone 


Yds/538 




tuphos 


Dheu 2/100 


zugon 


Yeu 1/535 




tuphun 


Dheu 2/100 


zume 


Yeu 3/536 




turus 


Teu 1/477 

X 


zygos 


Yeu 1/535 




xaite 


Ghait/149 








xalaza 


Gheled/156 








xarax 


Gher 3/159 








Xartes 


Cartes/74 








xema 


Kers 2/230 








xerexes 


Ksei 1/248 








xeros 


Ksero/250 








xilio 


Gheslo/161 








xiphos 


Kiph/237 









j53 



Greek (Mid) 

D - S 

WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Greek (Mid) 
D 

dragoumanos 

Ragamu/3t 



M 

mudde Meu 1/308 



slabnovus 



Kleu 1/240 



S54 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Hebrew 

A - R 

Root/Page 



Hebrew 



abh 

abhar 

Abh-igayil 

Abh-ner 

Abh-raham 

Abh-ram 

ab-ner 

Ab-salom 

Ab-salom 

Adam 

Adam 

Adhamah 

aloth 

am 

amen 

a.m.n 

aqebh 

aqrabh 

Azra'-el 



Ab 2/3 
A* .b.r/4 
Ab 2/3 
Ab 2/3 
Ab 2/3 
Ab 2/3 
N.w.r/341 
Ab 2/3 
S.l.m/429 
Adhamah/ 5 
Adhamah/ 5 
Adhamah/ 5 
Agaruh/6 
A' .m.m/22 
A.m.n/22 
A.m.n/22 
A' .q.b/30 
A.q.r/31 
Layh/2 73 



B 



Babh-el 

baith 

basam 

ben 

Ben-yamTn 

Ben-yamin 

berakah 
Beth-el 

Beth-lexem 

butz 

buz 



Layh/273 
B.y. t/73 
Busma/72 
B.n.v/70 
B.n.v/70 

Y.m.n/537 
B.r.k/71 
B.y. t/73 
Layh/2 73 
B.y. t/73 
B.y.z/73 
B.y.z/73 



D 



dan 
DanT-el 

Davora 
Debhorah 
delilah 
dm 



Dinu/108 
Dinu/108 
Layh/2 73 
D.b.r/80 
D.b.r/80 
D. 1.1/108 
Dinu/108 



E 



El 


Layh/273 


el-eph 


Yb/533 


El-Tsa 


Layh/2 73 


Eli-sebha 


Layh/2 73 


El-iyyah 


Layh/2 73 


Eloh 


Layh/2 73 


Elohim 


Layh/2 73 


'erebh 


Erebu/128 



gabhar j.b.r/200 
Gabhri-el J.b.r/200 
gebhal J.b.l /199 
Gebher-el Layh/2 73 



H 



Hagar 

hanan 

hannah 

hawwa 

Hebhel 

herem 



ibhri 



H.j. 
H.n. 
H.n. 



r/190 

.n/ 191 

.n/ 191 

H.y.y/193 

Hebhel/ 190 

H.r.m/192 



A' .b.r/4 



im A' .m.m/22 

lmmanu-el 7T .m.m/22 

Layh/2 73 

K 

kanas Kel 3/221 

keneseth Kel 3/221 

kerubh B.r.k/71 

kuttoneth Kitu/238 

M 

malluh M.l.h/310 
masiah M.s.h/312 
melah M.l.h/310 

menorah N.w.r/341 
Miryam R.y.m/396 
MTxa-el Layh/273 

mohoram-atta 

H.r.m/192 



N 



Nethan-el Layh/273 
nether Nitiru/337 
nither Nitiru/337 



p-TI 



qater 



rabbi 
rabh 



Yb/533 



Q 



Q. t.r/382 



R 



R.b.b/385 
R.b.b/385 



j55 



Hebrew 

R - Z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


rapha 


R.f.a'/395 


Yisaq z.h.k/54 




rapha-e'l 


R.f.a'/395 


Yishma'-el 




r.b.b 


R.b.b/385 


S.m. 'a/430 




Repha-el 


Layh/2 73 


YTsma-el Layh/2 73 




Reu-bhen B.n.v/70 


Yisra-el Layh/2 73 








Yitzhaq z.h.k/54 






s 


Yo-abh Ab 2/3 






Y6-el Layh/2 73 




sabat 


Sabatu/398 


Y6-hanan H.n.n/191 




salom 


S.l.m/429 


yrru-salom s.l.m/429 




satan 


Sedu/406 






sekinah 


K.w.n/266 


z 




semes 


S.m.s/431 




Semu-el 


Layh/273 


zakar z.k.r/541 




shama' 


S.m. 'a/430 


zekhar-yah 




shema' 


S.m. 'a/430 


Z.k.r/541 




simson 


S.m.s/431 






sosannah Sosen/435 








T 






tannur 


Tanur/4 66 






targum 


Ragamu/384 






tzahaq 


Z.h.k/540 

u 






UrT-el 


Layh/2 73 

Y 






Ya'aqobh A\q.b/30 






yamm 


Y.m.n/537 






Yarah 


Yarah/532 






yarah 


Yarah/532 






Yasfa 


Yasfa/532 






Yasfeh 


Yasfa/532 






yebh 


Yb/533 






yeru 


Yarah/532 






yeru-sala 


'yim 

Yarah/532 







WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Hindustani 

A - X 

WORD Root/Page 



Hindustani 



achar 



Ak/12 



B 

babu Baba/45 

bahaudur Dher 1/98 
bojTna Ab 2/3 

Z.n.y/541 



jangal Jangalah/191 

K 

khaki Xak/521 

krisna Ker 4/228 



lal Lai/ 272 

lal-sarab Lal/ 27 2 

lathi Lakti/271 



sagun Sakah/399 

sawl Savala/401 



tambaka Tabaco/464 



u 

Urdu Urmak/491 



M 



maina Mad/28 7 

masak Masakah/291 



pae-jama 


Ped/353 


pae-jama 


Yds/538 


panka 


Peg/355 


pardah 


Pele/361 



X 



xakT Xak/528 

xusi Su 1/454 



j57 



Indo-European 

A - B 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Indo- 


■European 


Ambhor 


Ambhi/ 21 
Bher 1/59 


Atos 
Atr 


Atos/38 
Ater/37 




A 


An 1 


An 1/24 


Atta 


Atos/38 




An 2 


An 2/24 


Au 1 


Ous 1/346 


Ab1 


Ab 1/1 


An 3 


An 3/25 




Ous 1/347 




Ab 1/2 


An 4 


Ne 1/321 


Au2 


Au 2/39 


Ag 


Ag/5 




Ne 1/322 


Au3 


I 2/195 


Agh 


Agh/ 7 


Andho 


Andho/25 


Aue 1 


We 1/496 


Aghlo 


Agh/ 7 


Ang 


Ang/ 2 6 


Aue 2 


Wed/ 4 97 


Agros 


Ag/5 


Angh 


Angh/ 27 




Wed/ 4 98 


Ai 


Ai/8 


Angwhi 


Angwhi/ 27 


Aueg 


Aueg/ 4 


Aidh 


Aidh/ 9 


Ank 


Ang/ 2 6 


Aug 


Aueg/ 4 


Aien 


Ayer/44 


Ano 


An 3/25 


Auo 


I 2/195 


Aier 


Ayer/44 


Anor 


Nor/ 34 


Aus 1 


Ous 1/346 


Aig- 


Aig-/9 


Anq 


Ang/ 2 6 




Ous 1/347 


Aik 


Aik/10 


Ansu 


An 1/24 


Aus2 


Aus 2/41 


Aios 


Aios/ 10 


An-teros 


An 2/24 


Aus 3 


Ous 2/348 


Aiw 


Ai w/1 1 




Ter 1/474 


Ausus 


Aus 2/41 


Ak 


Ak/12 


Ap1 


Ab 1/1 


Aw 


Aw/43 




Ak/13 




Ab 1/2 


Awei 


Aw/43 


Aken 


Ak/12 


Ap2 


Ap 2/28 


Awes 


Aus 2/41 




Ak/13 


Apa 


Apo/ 2 9 


Awi 


Aw/43 


Akos 


Akos/ 13 




Apo/ 30 


Ayer 


Ayer/44 


Akos 


Akos/ 13 


Apo 


Apo/ 2 9 


Ayo 


Aw/43 


Akru 


Akru/ 14 




Apo/ 30 


Ayos 


Aios/ 10 


Akwa 


Akwa/ 14 


Apu 


Apo/ 29 






AI 1 


Al 1/15 




Apo/ 30 




B 


AI2 


Al 2/16 


Aq 


Ak/12 




AI4 


Al 4/18 




Ak/13 


Baba 


Baba/45 


Aleio 


Al 4/18 


Ar 


Ar/31 


Balbarah 


Baba/45 


Alek 


Alek/ 19 




Ar/32 


Bamb 


Bamb/ 46 


Aleuos 


Al 4/18 


Are 


Ar/31 


Bambo 


Bamb/ 46 


Algwh 


Algwh/ 20 




Ar/32 


Barbarah 


Baba/45 


Alu 


Alu/ 20 


Arg 


Arg/ 34 


Beu 1 


Beu 1/48 


Ambhi 


Ambhi/ 21 


Ario 


Al 1/15 


Beu2 


Beu 2/48 


Ambho 


Ambhi/ 21 


Aryo 


Al 1/15 


Bha 


Bhe/53 


Ambho-bhor 


As 


As/35 


Bha 


Bhe/53 




Ambhi/ 21 


Ater 


Ater/37 


Bha 1 


Bha 1/49 


Ambho-Bhor 


Athal 


Atos/38 


Bha 2 


Bha 2/50 




Bher 1/59 


Ato 


Atos/38 


Bhad 


Bhad/ 50 



Indo-European 

B - D 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Bhag 


Bhag/ 51 


Bhleu 


Bhel/55 


Deik 


Deik/82 




Bhag/52 


Bhleu 


Bhel/54 


Deiw 


Dei/81 


Bhaghu 


Bhaghu /52 


Bho 


Bhe/53 


Dek 


Dek/83 


Bhag-los 


Bhag/52 


Bhoi 


Bhoi/67 


Dekm 


Dekm/84 


Bhag-mos 


Bhag/52 


Bhombhos Bamb/4 6 




Dekm/85 


Bhe 


Bhe/53 


Bhou 


Bhou/67 


Deks 


Dek/83 


Bhe 


Bhe/53 


Bhra-tar 


Bher 1/58 


Del 


Del/86 


Bheg 


Bhe/53 




Bher 1/59 


Dem 


Dem/ 8 6 


Bhegh 


Bhe/53 


Bhra-ter 


Bher 1/58 


Dema 


Dema/ 87 


Bhegh-iks 


Bhe/53 


Bhra-ter 


Ter 3/475 


Denk 


Denk/ 87 


Bhel 


Bhel/54 


Bhreg 


Bhereg/ 61 


Deph 


Deph/ 88 




Bhel/55 


Bhrei 


Bher 3/60 


Der 1 


Der 1/89 


Bhelgh 


Bhel/54 


Bhreu 


Bher 5/61 


Der2 


Der 2 /90 




Bhel/55 


Bhru 1 


Bhru 1/67 


Derk 


Derk/90 


Bhen 


Bhen/ 56 


Bhru2 


Bher 5/61 


Dero 


Der 1/89 


Bhendh 


Bhendh/ 57 


Bhu 


Beu 1/48 


Deru 1 


Deru 1 /91 


Bhengh 


Bhengh/ 58 


Bhudh 


Bhun/ 68 


Deru2 


Der 2 /90 


Bher 1 


Bher 1/58 


Bhugo 


Bhugo/68 


Deu 1 


Deu 1/92 




Bher 1/59 


Bhun 


Bhun/ 68 


Deu2 


Deu 2/92 


Bher2 


Bher 2/59 


Bu 


Bu/72 


Deuk 


Deuk/92 


Bher 3 


Bher 3/60 






Dhars 


Dhars/93 


Bher 4 


Bher 4/60 




c 


Dhe1 


Dhe 1 /93 


Bher 5 


Bher 5/61 




Dhe 2 


Dhe 2/94 


bherd 


Bher 3/60 


Car 


Car/74 




Dhe 2/95 


Bhereg 


Bhereg/ 61 


Char 


Car/74 


Dhedh 


Atos/38 


Bhereu 


Bher 5/61 






Dhedh 2 


Dhedh 2/95 


Bhergh 


Bhergh/ 62 




D 


Dhegh 


Dhogh/104 




Bhergh/ 63 




Dhehem 


Ghdhem/150 


Bheru 


Bher 5/61 


Da 1 


Da 1/78 


Dheigh 


Dheigh/ 96 


Bheu 


Bhou/67 


Da 2 


Da 2/79 


Dhem 


Dhem/ 97 


Bheu 1 


Beu 1/48 


Dabh 


Da 1/78 


Dhe-mna 


Dhe 1 /93 


Bheu 2 


Beu 2/48 


Dabh 


Da 1/78 


Dhe-mo 


Dhe 2/95 


Bheu 3 


Bheu 3/64 


Dabhn 


Da 1/78 


Dhen 


Dhen/ 97 


Bheudh 


Bheudh/65 


Dai 


Da 1/78 


Dher 1 


Dher 1/98 


Bheug 


Bheug/ 65 


Dakru 


Akru/14 


Dher2 


Dher 2/99 


Bheugh 


Bheug/ 65 


Danu 


Da 2/79 


Dherabh 


Dher 2/99 


Bhili 


Bhili/66 


Dap 


Da 1/78 


Dhers 


Dhars/93 


Bhilo 


Bhili/66 


Del 


De 1/80 


Dheu 1 


Dheu 1/99 


Bhlei 


Bhel/54 


De2 


De 2/80 


Dheu2 


Dheu 2/100 




Bhel/55 


Dei 


Dei/81 


Dheu 3 


Dheu 3 /1 01 



Indo-European 

D - G 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Dheugh 


Dheugh/ 101 


Drtis 


Der 1/89 


Erdh 


Ered/128 


Dheye 


Dheye/ 102 


Drtos 


Der 1/89 


Ere1 


Ere 1/127 


Dhigha 


Dheigh/96 


Dumb 


Dumb/ 112 


Ere 2 


Eres 1/130 


DhTs 


Dhis/103 


Dus 


Dus/ 113 


Ered 


Ered/128 


Dh-mo 


Dhe 2/95 


Dvei 


Dwei/ 114 


Erek 


Erek/129 


Dhogh 


Dhogh/ 104 


Dwei 


Dwei/ 114 


Eres 1 


Eres 1/130 


Dhont 


Dhen/97 


Dwo 


Dwo/ 115 


Eres2 


Eres 2/131 


Dhrabh 


Dher 2/99 


Dye 


Dei/81 


Ergh 


Er 1/127 


Dhragh 1 




Dyeu 


Dei/81 


Ers 


Eres 1/130 


Dhragh 1/105 






Ersen 


Eres 1/130 


Dhragh 2 


Dher 2/99 




E 


Es 1 


Aidh/9 


Dhreg Dhragh 1/105 




Es2 


Es 2/131 


Dhreugh 




E 


I 2/194 


Es-ti 


Es 2/131 




Dhreugh/ 1 05 




1 2/195 


Esu 


Su 1/454 


Dhrugh 


Dhwer/ 10 6 


Ebhi 


Ambhi/21 




Su 1/455 


Dhu 


Dheu 2/100 


Ed 


Ed/ 117 




Su 1/456 


Dhu-bh 


Dheu 2/100 


Eg 


Eg/ 118 


Eter 


Eter/132 


Dhugh 


Dheugh/ 101 


Ei 


Ei/118 


E-tero 


I 2/194 


Dhugh-tar 






Ei/119 


Eti 


Eti/132 




Dheugh/ 101 


Eik 


Aik/10 


Eu 1 


Eu 1/132 




Ter 3/475 


Eis 1 


Eis 1/119 


Eueguh 


Wegwh/502 


Dhumbhma 


Eis2 


Eis 2/120 


Eu-es 


Wes 3/521 




Dumb/ 112 


Ekwos 


Ekwos/121 


Ewan 


Eu 1/132 


Dhus 


Dhus/ 10 6 


El 2 


El 2/122 


Ewegwh 


Wegwh/502 


Dhwer 


Dhwer/ 10 6 


El 3 


El 3 /122 


Ew-es 


Wes 3/521 


Dhwor 


Dhwer/ 10 6 


Elei 


El 3 /122 


Ey 


Ei/118 


Di 


Da 1/78 


Elk 


El 2/122 




Ei/119 


Dinghw 


Dinghw/107 


Eln 


El 2/122 






Dkm-tom 


Dekm/85 


Embhi 


Embhi/ 12 3 






Dlgho 


Del/86 


Emos 


Emos/123 




G 


Dnghu 

Do1 

Do 2 

Domu 

Dous 

Drap 

Drapses 

Dregh 

Drep 

Drop 


Dinghw/107 

De 2/80 

Do 2/109 

Dem/86 

Dous/110 

Der 1/89 

Der 1/89 

Dregh/ 110 

Der 1/89 

Der 1/89 


En 

Enek 

Enk 

Eno 

Enomn 

Ens 

Epi 

Er1 

Er2 


En/124 

Neku/328 

Neku/328 

An 2/24 

Nomn/34 

Ens/125 

Epi/125 

Er 1/126 

Er 1/127 

Ere 1/127 


Gag 

Gal 

Galagh 

Galgh 

Gang 

Gargelos 

6aulos 

Ge 

Gebh 

Gei 


Kak 4/205 

Gal/ 13 6 

Gal/ 13 6 

Gal/ 13 6 

Gang/ 137 

Gwer 3/180 

Gaulos/138 

Gei/138 

Geph/142 

Gei/138 



S60 



Indo-European 

G - G 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Gel 


Gel/139 


Ghei 2 


Ghei 2/154 


Ghreu 


Gher 3/159 


Geleb 


Gel/139 


Ghei 3 


Ghe 1/151 


Ghu 1 


Ghu 1/165 


Geli 


Gel/139 


Gheis 


Gheis/155 


Ghu 2 


Dinghw/107 


Gelu 


Gel/139 


Gheizd 


Gheis/155 


Ghua 


Dinghw/107 


Gelu 


Gel/139 


Ghei 


Ghel/155 


Ghuel 


Ghuel/ 166 


Gem 


Geme/ 140 




Ghei/ 15 6 


Ghugh 


Gheugh/ 1 63 


Geme 


Geme/ 140 


Gheled 


Gheled/ 156 


Ghuk 


Ghuk/ 166 


Geme-tar 


Ter 3/475 


Ghen 


Ghen/ 157 


Ghukos 


Ghuk/ 166 


Gen 


Gno/168 


Ghengh 


Ghengh/ 157 


6humbo 


Gwa/1 73 


Gene 1 


Gene 1/141 


Gherl 


Gher 1/158 


Ghu-to 


Ghu 1/165 


Gene 2 


Gno/168 


Gher2 


Ghlad/ 163 


GT 


Gei/138 


Genu 1 


Genu 1/142 


Gher3 


Gher 3/159 


Gieu 


Geu 3/148 


Genu 2 


Genu 2/142 


Gher4 


Gher 4/159 


Glei 


Glei/167 


Geph 


Geph/ 142 


Gherd 


Gher 1/158 


Glue 


Gel/139 


Ger1 


Ger 1/143 


Ghers 


Ghers/ 1 60 


Gno 


Gno/168 


Ger2 


Ger 2/144 


Gherto 


Gherto/ 160 


Gogel 


Gogel/ 168 


Ger3 


Ger 3/145 


Ghes 


Ghdies/151 


Gogelos 


Gogel/ 168 


Ger4 


Ger 4/145 


Gheslo 


Gheslo/ 161 


Gras 


Gras /I 69 


Geu 1 


Geu 1/14 6 


Ghesto 


Ghesto/ 161 


Gredh 


Gredh/ 1 69 




Geu 1/147 


Gheu 1 


Gheu 1/162 


Greios 


Glei/167 


Geu2 


Geu 2/147 


Gheu2 


Ghu 1/165 


Greno 


Ger 2/144 


Geu 3 


Geu 3/148 


Gheu-bh 


Ghu 1/165 


Gu 


Geu 1/146 


Geua 


Geu 2/147 


Gheue 


Ghu 1/165 




Geu 1/147 


Geulo 


Dhogh/104 


Gheugh 


Gheugh/ 1 63 


Guel 


Dhogh/104 


Geus 


Geus/ 148 


Ghi 


Ghei 1/153 


Guha 


Gwhi/186 


Ghaido 


Ghaido/148 


GhT 


Ghei/ 152 


Guheguh 


Dhogh/104 


Ghaise 


Ghei 2/154 


Ghia 


Ghei/ 152 


Guhei 


Gwhi/186 


Ghait 


Ghait/ '149 


Ghiem 


Ghei 1/153 


Gul 


Dhogh/104 


Ghaita 


Ghait/ 149 


Ghies 


Ghdies/151 


Gulgul 


Gwer 3/180 


Ghans 


Ghans/ 149 


Ghi-ghe-me 


Gumnos 


Nogw/339 


Ghau 


Ghu 1/165 




Ghe 1/151 


Gunos 


Nogw/339 


Ghdes 


Ghdies/151 


Ghlad 


Ghlad/ 163 


Gurdos 


Gurdos/ 170 


Ghdhem 


Ghdhem/ 150 


Ghordho 


Gher 1/158 




Gurdos/ 170 


Ghdies 


Ghdies/151 


Ghosh 


Ous 1/347 


Gurdus 


Gurdos/ 170 


Ghei 


Ghe 1/151 


Ghosto 


Ghesto/ 161 




Gurdos/ 170 


Ghe2 


Ki 2/237 


Ghou-ro-s 


Guro 


Ger 4/145 


Ghebh-el 




Gh 


ou-ro-s/1 64 


Gurr 


Ger 4/145 


Ghebh-el/152 


Ghrebh 


Ghrebh/ 1 64 


Gwa 


Gwa/1 72 


Ghei 


Ghei/ 152 


Ghrei 


Gher 3/159 


Gwa 


Gwa/1 72 


Ghei 1 


Ghei 1/153 


Ghrem 


Ghrem/ 1 64 




Gwa/1 73 



661 



Indo-European 

G - K 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Gwa 


Gwa/1 73 


Gyeu 


Geu 3/148 


Kal 


Kur/257 


Gwadh 


Gwadh/ 1 73 






Kalwo 


Kelewo/223 


Gwag 


Wag 2/495 




I 


Kam 1 


Kam 1/206 


Gwak 


Wag 2/495 




Kam2 


Kam 2/207 


Gwebh 1 




1 1 


Ei/118 


Kamer 


Kam 2/207 




Gwebh 1/174 




Ei/119 


Kamma 


Kamma/ 20 8 


Gwebh 2 




12 


I 2/194 


Kamp 


Kam 2/207 




Gwebh 2/174 




I 2/195 


Kand 1 


Kand 1/209 


Gwedh 


Gwedh/ 1 74 


la 1 


Ei/118 


Kand2 


Skand/422 


Gweguos 


Wag 2/495 




Ei/119 


Kank 


Kak 2/205 


Gwei 


Gwei/ 17 5 


la 2 


Ya/531 


Kap 


Kap/ 210 


Gweie 


Gweie/ 17 6 


lag 


Yag/531 


Kapho 


Kapho/ 211 


Gwel 1 


Gwel 1/176 


laro 


Ei/119 


Karl 


Kar 1/212 


Gwel2 


Gwel 2/177 


latis 


Iatos/196 


Karkar 


Kar 1/212 


Gwelbh 


Gwelbh/ 17 7 


I atom 


Iatos/196 


Kas 1 


Kes 1/231 


Gwen 1 


Gwen 1/178 


latos 


Iatos/196 


Kas 2 


Kas 2/214 


Gwen 2 


Gwa/1 72 


le 


Ei/119 


Kau 


Kau/ 215 




Gwa/1 73 


I era 


Ei/119 


Kau2 


Kau 2/215 


Gwena 


Gwen 1/178 


leu 


Yeu 2/535 


Kaukos 


Kau 2/215 


Gwer 1 


Gwer 1/178 


leuo 


Ieuo/196 


Ke1 


Ak/13 


Gwer2 


Gwer 2/179 


lo 


I 2/194 


Ke2 


Ki 2/237 


Gwer 3 


Gwer 3/180 




I 2/195 


Ke-e-tero 


I 2/194 


Gwer 4 


Gwer 4/181 


Isto 


Isto/197 




Ki 2/237 


Gwere 1 


Gwer 2/179 


lu 


Yu/538 


Keg 


Keg/ 21 7 


Gwere 2 


Gwer 3/180 






Kei 1 


Kei 1/217 


Gwes 


Gwes/ 181 




K 


Kei2 


Kei 2/218 


Gweye 


Gweie/ 17 6 




Kei 3 


Ak/13 


Gwhder 


Gwhder/ 181 


Ka 1 


Ka 1/201 


Kei 4 


Kei 4/219 


Gwhedh 


Gwhedh/ 182 


Ka2 


Kwon/2 68 


Kek 


Keg/ 21 7 


Gwhen 1 




Kad 1 


Kad 1/202 


Keku 


Keku/ 219 




Gwhen 1/182 


Kad2 


Kad 2/202 


Kei 1 


Kei 1/220 




Gwhen 1/183 


Kag 


Keg/ 21 7 


Kei 2 


Kei 2/220 




Gwhen 1/184 


Kak1 


Kak 1/204 


Kei 3 


Kei 3/221 


Gwhen 2 




Kak 2 


Kak 2/205 


Kei 4 


Kei 4/222 




Gwhen 2/185 


Kak3 


Kak 3/205 


Kei 5 


Kei 5/222 


Gwher 


Gwher/ 186 


Kak4 


Kak 4/205 


Kei 6 


Kei 6/222 


Gwhi 


Gwhi/ 18 6 


Kakha 


Kak 2/205 


Kelewo 


Kelewo/223 


Gwou 


Gwou/ 187 


KakTna 


Kakis/ 20 6 


Kern 1 


Kern 1/223 


Gwou 


Gwou/ 187 


Kakis 


Kakis/ 20 6 


Kern 2 


Kern 2/223 


Gwuna 


Gwen 1/178 


Kakus 


Kakis/ 20 6 


Ken 


Ken/ 22 4 



662 



Indo-European 

K - K 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Keng 


Keg/ 21 7 


Khad 


Khad/235 


Kreu 


Kreu/ 246 


Kenkl 


Kenk 1/224 


Khai 


Ghei 1/153 


Krk 


Kerk/ 230 


Kenk2 


Keg/ 21 7 


Khei 


Ghei 1/153 


Ksei 1 


Ksei 1/248 


Kens 


Kens/225 


Ki 1 


Kei 2/218 


Ksei2 


Ksei 2/249 


Ker1 


Ker 1/22 6 


Ki 2 


Ki 2/237 


Ksei 3 


Ksei 3/249 


Ker 2 


Sek/408 


Kiel 


Kei 1/217 


Ksengio 


Ghengh/157 




Sek/409 


Kie2 


Kei 2/218 


Ksero 


Ksero/ 2 50 


Ker3 


Ker 3/22 7 


Kies 


Kies/ 2 37 


Kseubh 


Kseubh/ 2 50 


Ker 4 


Ker 4/228 


Kiph 


Kiph/ 237 


Kseud 


Kseud/ 2 50 


Ker5 


Ker 5/228 


Klau 


Kleu 2/241 


KsTp 


Ksip/251 


Kerb 


Ker 4/228 


Klei 


Klei/239 


KsTph 


Ksip/251 


Kerd 1 


Kerd 1/229 


Klem 


Klem/ 239 


Ksiptis 


Ksip/251 


Kerd2 


Kerd 2/229 


Kleu 1 


Kleu 1/240 


Ksiptom 


Ksip/251 


Kerd ha 


Kerd 2/229 


Kleu 2 


Kleu 2/241 


KsTro 


Ksiro/252 


Kerd ho 


Kerd 2/229 


Klis 


Klis/241 


Ksudros 




Kerk 


Kerk/ 230 


Klou-ni 


Klou-ni/242 




Ksudros/252 


Keros 


Sper/437 


Kmtom 


Dekm/85 


Ku 1 


Ku 1/253 


Kers 1 


Ker 4/228 


Ko1 


Ak/13 


Ku2 


Ku 2/254 


Kers2 


Kers 2/230 


Ko2 


Ki 2/237 


Ku3 


Skeu 2/425 


Kerta 


Ker 5/228 


Koi 


Ak/13 


Kuatos 


Kuatos/254 


Kes 1 


Kes 1/231 


Koi-to 


Kei 4/219 


Kub 


Geu 1/14 6 


Kes2 


Kes 2/231 


Koksa 


Kenk 1/224 




Geu 1/147 


Ket 


Ket/ 2 32 


Kolema 


Kolemos/242 


Kue 


Kwe/258 


Keu 1 


Geu 1/146 


Kolemos 




Kuei 


Kuei/254 




Geu 1/147 




Kolemos/242 


Kumb 


Geu 1/14 6 


Keu2 


Keu 2/232 


Kongar 


Kar 1/212 




Geu 1/147 


Keu 3 


Keu 3/233 


Kork 


Kerk/ 230 


Kund 


Kund/ 2 55 




Skeu 2/425 


Korka 


Korka/243 


Kundos 


Kund/ 2 55 


Keu 4 


Keu 4/234 


Kormo 


Kormo/ 24 3 


Kung 


Kung/ 2 55 


Keu 5 


Ku 1/253 


Koro 


Koro/244 


Kungios 


Kung/ 2 55 


Keub 


Geu 1/14 6 


Kor-ona 


Sker 1/424 


Kunki 


Kung/ 2 55 




Geu 1/147 


Koros 


Koro/244 


Kunos 


Keu 2/232 


Keu-bh 


Keu 4/234 


koruos 


Koro/244 


Kup1 


Kup 1/256 


Keud 


Keued/234 


Kost 


Kost/245 


Kup 2 


Kup 2/256 


Keued 


Keued/234 


Kot 


Ket/ 2 32 


Kur 


Ker 5/228 


Keukl 


Keuk 1/235 


Kou 


Keu 3/233 


Kur 


Kur/ 2 57 


Keuk2 


Geu 1/14 6 


Kred 


Kerd 1/229 


Kuros 


Keu 2/232 




Geu 1/147 


Krei 


Krei/ 24 5 


Kur-wo 


Sker 1/424 


Keup 


Geu 1/14 6 


Krep 


Kwer/2 63 


Kut 


Kut/258 




Geu 1/147 


Krep-ed-tro 


Kut-no 


Skeu 2/425 








Kwer/2 63 







663 



Indo-European 

K - M 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Kuur 


Keu 2/232 


Lang 


Lang/272 


Lup 


Wei 2/511 


Ku-z-dho 


Skeu 2/425 


Lap-aro 


Lep/ 2 79 






Kwal 


Skwalo/428 


Leb 


Leb/ 27 4 




M 


Kwalo 


Skwalo/428 


Legwh 


Legwh/ 27 5 




Kwalos 


Skwalo/428 


Lei 


El 3 /122 


Ma 


Ma/286 


Kwe 


Kwe/ 2 58 


Lei 


Lei/ 27 5 


Mad 


Mad/28 7 


Kwei 1 


Kwei 1/259 


Leig 


Leig/ 27 6 


Maghl 


Maghl/288 


Kwei2 


Kwei 2/259 


Leigh 1 


Leigh 1/276 


Magh2 


Magh 2/289 


Kweit 


Kuei/254 


Leigh 2 


Leigh 2/277 


Maghos 


Maghos/289 


Kwek 


Kwek/ 2 60 


Leikw 


Leigh 2/277 


Maghu 


Maghos/289 


Kwel 


Kwel/ 2 60 


Leip 


Leip/ 27 8 


Mak 


Mak/ 2 90 




Kwel/ 2 61 


Leith 


Leith/ 27 8 


Mako 


Mako/290 


Kwen 1 


Kwen 1/2 61 


Lek 


Lek/ 27 8 


Manu 


Men 1/302 


Kwen 2 


Kwen 2/2 62 


Lek 


Lek/279 


Manus 


Men 1/302 


Kwep 


Kup 2/256 


Leng 


Longos/284 


Ma-ter 


Ma/286 


Kwer 


Kwer/ 2 62 


Lengho 


Longos/284 




Ter 3/475 




Kwer/ 2 63 


Lep 


Lep/ 2 79 


Mbh 


Nobh/337 


Kwermi 


Wer 2/514 


Lepos 


Lep/ 2 79 


Mbhi 


Ambhi/21 




Wer 2/515 


Les 


Les/ 27 9 


Me1 


Me 1/292 


Kwes 


Kwes/ 2 64 


Lesa 


Les/ 27 9 


Me 2 


Me 2/293 


Kwetwer 




Lesiom 


Les/ 27 9 




Me 2/294 




Kwetwer / 2 65 


Lesos 


Les/ 27 9 


Med 


Me 2/294 


Kweye 


Kweye/ 2 66 


Letra 


Letro/280 


Medhu 


Medhu/294 


Kwi 1 


Kwo/ 2 67 


Letro 


Letro/280 


Medhyo 


Medhyo/ 2 95 


Kwi2 


Kwe/ 2 58 


Letros 


Letro/280 


Meg 


Meg/295 


Kwo 


Kwo/ 2 67 


Leu 


Leu/280 


Megh 


Meg/295 


Kwoi 


Kwei 2/259 


Leudh 


Leudh/281 


Mei 1 


Mei 1/296 


Kwon 


Kwon/ 2 68 


leudheros Leudh/281 


Mei2 


Mei 2/296 


Kwri 


Kwri/ 269 


leudho 


Leudh/281 


Mei 3 


Mei 3/297 


Kwsep 


Kwsep/ 2 69 


Leuk 


Leuk/282 


Mei 4 


Mei 4/297 


Kyo 


Ki 2/237 


Leup 


Leup/ 283 


Meig 


Meig/298 






Leuqos 


Leuk/282 


Meigh 1 


Meig/298 




L 


Lithra 


Lithra/ 284 


Meigh 2 


Meig/298 




Ljakti 


Lakti/271 


Meigw 


Mei 3/297 


La 


La/2 70 


Loi 


Lei/ 27 5 


Meih 


Mei 3/297 


Laio 


La/2 70 


Loik 


Uroiks/491 


Meik 


Meig/298 


Lak 


Lek/2 79 


Long 


Longos/284 


Meit 


Meit/ 299 


Lakat 


Lek/2 79 


Longos 


Longos/284 


Meith 


Meit/ 299 


Lakt 


Lek/2 79 


Lrg 


Lrg/ 285 


Mel 1 


Mel 1/299 


Lakti 


Lakti/271 


Lu 


Leu/280 


Mel 2 


Mel 2/299 



Indo-European 

M - O 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Mel 3 


Mel 3/300 


Moudhio 


Moudh/ 311 


Nekwt 


Noktis/339 


Melg 


Melg/ 300 


Mozgho 


Mozgo/312 


Nem 1 


Nem 1/329 


Melo 


Mel 2/299 


Mozgo 


Mozgo/312 


Nem2 


Nem 2/329 


Men 1 


Men 1/301 


Mregu 


Mregu/ 312 


Nembh 


Nebh/323 




Men 1/302 


Mrgu 


Mregu/ 312 


Nena 


Nana/319 


Men 2 


Men 2/303 


Mu 


Mu/313 


Nepot 


Nepot/ 330 


Men 3 


Men 3/303 


Muk 


Muk/ 314 


Neptis 


Nepot/ 330 


Men-dh 


Men 1/302 


Mus 


Mu/313 


Ner1 


Ner 1/331 


Menot 


Me 2/293 






Ner2 


Ner 2/332 




Me 2/294 




N 


Nerq 


Ner 2/332 


Menth 


Menth/ 30 4 




Nes 1 


Nes 1/332 




Menth/ 30 4 


Na 1 


Na 1/316 


Nes2 


Ne 2/322 


Mer 1 


Mer 1/304 


Na2 


Na 2/316 


Neu 


Neu/333 


Mer2 


Mer 2/305 


Nabja 


Nabja/ 31 7 


Neudh 


Sneudh/432 




Mer 2/306 


Naks 


Naks/ 318 


Newn 


Newn/333 


Mer 3 


Mer 3/306 


Nana 


Nana/319 


Newo 


Newo/334 


Mer-d 


Mer 2/305 


Narda 


Nedo/324 


NT1 


Ni 1/335 




Mer 2/306 


Nas 


Nas/ 320 


Ni 2 


Nei 1/325 


Mereg 


Merg/ 307 


Nask 


Naks/ 31 8 




Nei 1/326 


Merg 


Merg/ 307 


Nau 


Na 1/316 


NT 3 


Nei 2/326 


Mer-k 


Mer 2/305 


Naus 


Na 1/316 


Nis 


Nis/ 33 6 




Mer 2/306 


Ndher 


En/124 


Nk 


Neku/328 


Merk 


Merk/ 307 


Ndhi 


En/124 


Nobh 


Nobh/ 337 


Meth 


Menth/ 304 


Ndhos 


En/124 


Nog 


Nog/338 


Meu 1 


Meu 1/308 


Ne1 


Ne 1/321 


Nogh 


Nogh/338 


Meu2 


Mew/ 30 9 




Ne 1/322 


Nogw 


Nogw/339 


Meug 


Meug/308 


Ne2 


Ne 2/322 


Noktis 


Noktis/339 


Meuk 


Meuk/309 


Nebh 


Nebh/323 


Nokut 


Neku/328 




Meuk/309 


Ned 


Ned/ 32 4 


Nomn 


Nomn/ 34 


Mew 


Mew/ 30 9 


Nedo 


Nedo/324 


Nor 


Nor/ 34 


Mizdho 


Mizdho/ 310 


Nei 1 


Nei 1/325 


Nu 


Newo/334 


Moin 


Mei 3/297 




Nei 1/326 






Moiso 


Moiso/ 310 


Nei2 


Nei 2/326 




o 


Mon 


Men 3/303 


Nei 3 


Ne 1/321 




Mono 


Men 3/303 




Ne 1/322 


Obhi 


Ambhi/21 


Mor-to 


Mer 2/305 


Neia 


Nei 2/326 


Oies 


Oies/342 




Mer 2/306 


Nek1 


Nek 1/327 


Oi-no 


I 2/195 


Morui 


Morwi/ 311 


Nek 2 


Neku/328 


Okto 


Okto/342 


Morwi 


Morwi/ 311 


Neku 


Neku/328 


Oku 


Oku/343 


Moudh 


Moudh/ 311 


Nekw 


Noktis/339 


Okw 


Okw/ 34 3 



Indo-European 

O - Q 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


01 1 


Al 1/15 


Peig 


Peig/ 35 6 


Pislos 


Pilo/373 


Olena 


El 3 /122 


Pek 


Pek/ 357 


Plat 


Pele/361 


Ombh 


Nobh/337 


Peku 


Pek/ 357 


Pie 


Pel 1/359 


Ombhro 


Nebh/323 


Pekw 


Pekw/ 358 


Pneu 


Skeu 1/425 


Ome 


Ome/ 34 4 


Pel 1 


Pel 1/359 


P6 1 


Apo/29 


Ono 


An 2/24 


Pel 2 


Pel 2/360 




Apo/30 


Onogh 


Nogh/338 


Pel 3 


Pel 3/360 


P6 2 


Po 2/374 


Op 


Op/ 34 4 


Pele 


Pele/361 


Pod 


Ped/353 


Opi 


Epi/125 


Pelt 


Pele/361 




Ped/354 


Opop 


Opop/ 34 5 


Pelu 


Pel 1/359 


Poi 


Po 2/374 


Or 


Er 1/126 


Pen 


Spen/437 


Poin 


Spen/437 




Er 1/127 


Pend 


Spen/437 


Pol 


Pol /375 


Orghi 


Orghi/ '3 45 


Penkwe 


Penkwe/ 3 62 


Porkwos 


Pel 2/360 


Os 


Ous 2/348 


Pent 


Pent/ 3 62 


P-os 


Apo/30 


Ost 


Ost/346 


Per 1 


Per 1/363 


Pos 


Apo/30 


Ous 1 


Ous 1/346 




Per 1/364 


Poti 


Pa/349 




Ous 1/347 


Per 2 


Per 2/365 




Pa/350 


Ous 2 


Ous 2/348 


Per 3 


Per 3/366 


Potis 


Pa/349 


Ow 


Aw/43 




Per 3/367 




Pa/350 


Owo 


Aw/43 


Per 4 


Per 4/368 


Pou 


Pou/ 37 6 


Owyo 


Aw/43 


Pera 


Per 4/368 


PrT 


Pri/377 


Ozdo 


Ozgho/348 


Perk 1 


Perk 1 /368 


Prs 


Prs/ 377 


Ozgho 


Ozgho/348 


Perk 2 


Perk 2 /369 


Pu 1 


Peu/ 371 






Per-per-os 


Pu2 


Pu 2/378 




P 




Per 1/364 


Pu3 


Apo/29 




Persna 


Persna/369 




Apo/30 


Pa 


Pa/349 


Pesteno 


Pesteno/369 


Pu4 


Pu 4/378 




Pa/350 


Pet 1 


Pet 1/370 


Pug 


Peuk/372 


Pag 


Pak/350 


Pet 2 


Pet 2/371 


Puk 


Puk/ 37 8 


Pais 


Pis/ 374 


Peu 


Peu/ 371 






Paita 


Pele/361 


Peua 


Pu 4/378 






Pak 


Pak/350 


Peud 


Peud/ 371 




Q 


ParTka 


Parika/351 


Peue 


Peu/ 371 


Qa 
Qam 
Qand 
Qap 
Qar 1 
Qau 1 
Qau2 
Qel 


Ka 1/201 

Kara 2/207 

Kand 1/209 

Kap/210 

Kar 1/212 

Kau/215 

Kau 2/215 

Kel 4/222 


Pa-ter 

Ped 

Peg 
PeT 


Pa/349 
Pa/350 
Ter 3/475 
Ped/353 
Ped/354 
Peg/355 
Pei/355 


Peuk 

PT 

Pikho 

Piko 

Pilo 

Pin 

Pis 


Peuk/372 
P6 2/374 
Piko/372 
Piko/372 
Pilo/373 
Pin/ 373 
Pis/ 374 



Indo-European 

Q - S 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



Qem 

Qeque 

Qer 

Qeud 

Qhad 

Qhar 

Qor 

Qr 

Qreu 

Qreus 

Qrus 

Qruwes 

Qsei 

Qseu 

Qseud 

Quatis 

Quatos 

Que 

Quomn 

Quoros 

Qusero 

Quseros 

Quseros 

Qusudros 

Qwe 
Qwei 
Qwek 
Qwel 

Qwer 

Qwetwor 

Qweye 

Qwi 

Qwri 



Kara 2/207 
Keku/219 
Ker 3/227 
Keued/234 
Khad/235 
Kar 1/212 
Ker 3/22 7 
Ker 3/22 7 
Kreu/24 6 
Kreu/24 6 
Kreu/24 6 
Kreu/24 6 
Ksei 1/248 
Kes 2/231 
Kseud/250 
Kuatos/254 
Kuatos/254 
Kwe/258 
Kamma/208 
Kur/257 
Kar 1/212 
Kar 1/212 
Sper/437 

Ksudros/252 
Kwe/258 
Kwei 1/259 
Kwek/2 60 
Kwel/2 60 
Kwel/2 61 
Kwer/2 62 
Kwer/2 63 

Kwetwer/265 

Kweye/2 66 

Kwei 1/259 

Kwri/2 69 



R 



Re 

Redh 

Reg1 

Reg 2 

Reg 3 

Regh 

Rei 

Rei 1 

Rei 2 

Reig 

Rek 

Rekp 

Rekto 

Rem 

Rep 

Ret 

Reu 1 

Reu2 

Reu 3 

Reua 

Reud 1 

Reud2 



Ere 1/127 

Redh/ 38 6 

Reg 1/387 

Rek/390 

Reg 3/388 

Redh/ 38 6 

Leudh/281 

Rei 1/389 

Rei 2/389 

Rei 2/389 

Rek/390 

Rei 2/389 

Reg 1/387 

Rem/ 3 90 

Rep/ 3 91 

Ret/392 

Reu 1/393 

Reu 2/393 

Reu 1/393 

Reu 2/393 

Reu 1/393 

Reu 2/393 



Reudh 1 Reudh 1/394 
Reudh 2 Reu 2/393 
Reug Reug/394 

Reughmen 

Reughmen/394 
Reu 2/393 
Reuto/395 
Rewe/395 
Rk-tho/396 
Rk-tho/396 
Eres 1/130 
Reuto/395 
Reu 1/393 
Reu 2/393 
Rewe/395 
Reuto/395 



Reup 

Reuto 

Rewe 

Rk-so 

Rk-tho 

Ros 

Routo 

Ru 1 

Ru2 

Ru3 

Rut 



Saen 
Sai 1 
Sai 2 
Saka 
Sam 
Saus 
Sawel 

Se1 
Se2 
Se3 
Sed 

Segh 
Sei 1 
Sei2 
Sei 3 
Seiku 
Seikw 
Seip 
Sek 

Seks 
Sekw 
Selg 
Sem 1 

Sem2 

Sen 1 

Sen 2 

Seni 

Seno 

Septm 

Ser1 

Ser2 
Ser3 
Sera 
Seu 1 



Se 2/404 
Se 1/404 
Sai 2/398 
Saka/399 
Sem 2/413 
Saus/401 
Sawel/402 
Sawel/403 
Se 1/404 
Se 2/404 
Se 3/404 
Sed/405 
Sed/ 406 
Segh/ 406 
Se 1/404 
Se 2/404 
Sai 2/398 
Seiku/407 
Seiku/407 
Seip/ 4 07 
Sek/408 
Sek/409 
Sweks/4 60 
Sekw/ 410 
Selg/411 
Sem 1/411 
Sem 1/412 
Sem 2/413 
Sen 1/413 
Sen 2/414 
Sen 2/414 
Sen 1/413 
Septm/ 4 14 
Ser 1/414 
Ser 1/415 
Ser 2/416 
Ser 3/416 
Ser 3/416 
Seu 1/417 



Indo-European 

s - s 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Seu2 


Seu 2/418 


Skur 


Skeu 2/425 


Spyeu 


Spyeu/441 


Seu 3 


Seu 3/418 


Skwalo 


Skwalo/428 


Sqand 


Skand/422 


Seu4 


Seu 4/418 


Skwalos 


Skwalo/428 


Sqombh- 


no 


Sew 


Seu 4/418 


Sm 


Sem 1/411 




Kamma/208 


ST1 


Se 1/404 




Sem 1/412 


Srem 


Ser 1/415 


ST 2 


Se 2/404 


Smeit 


Smeit/ '430 


Sreno 


Sreno/442 


ST 3 


Sai 2/398 


Smelo 


Mel 2/299 


Sresk 


Sresk/442 


Skabh 


Skabh/420 


Smer 


Mer 1/304 


Sreu 


Ser 1/415 


Skaf 


Sek/408 


Smerd 


Mer 2/305 


Srisa 


Srisa/443 




Sek/409 




Mer 2/306 


Srisna 


Srisa/443 


Skai 


Skai/421 


Sna 


Sna/431 


Sru 


Ser 1/415 


Skaivos 


Skaivos/421 


Sneigwh 




Sta 


Sta/444 


Skand 


Skand/422 




Sneigwh/432 




Sta/445 


Skand-sla Skand/422 


Sner 


Ner 2/332 


Stai 1 


Stai 1/445 


Sked 1 


Sek/408 


Snerq 


Ner 2/332 


Stai 2 


Stei/447 




Sek/409 


Sneu 


Sai 2/398 


Stak 


Sta/444 


Sked2 


Sked 2/422 


Sneu 


Sai 2/398 




Sta/445 


Skei 


Sek/408 


Sneudh 


Sneudh/432 


Stebh 


Stebh/446 




Sek/409 


Snog 


Nog/338 


Steg 


Steg/ 447 


Skel 


Sek/409 


Snu 


Sai 2/398 


Stei 


Stei/447 


Skel 1 


Skel 1/423 


So 


So/433 


Steig 


Steig/448 


Skel 2 


Sek/408 


Soito 


Se 1/404 


Steigh 


Steigh/449 




Sek/409 


Sol 


Sol/434 


Stena 


Ten 2/472 


Skend 


Skand/422 


Solo 


Sol/434 


Sterl 


Ster 1/449 


Skeng 


Skeng/423 


Spek 


Spek/ 436 


Ster2 


Ster 2/450 


Skep 


Sek/408 


Spelgh 


Spelgh/ 437 


Ster3 


Ster 3/450 




Sek/409 


Spen 


Spen/ 437 


Ster4 


Ster 4/451 


Skerl 


Sker 1/424 


Sper 


Sper/ 437 


Sterp 


Ster 3/450 


Sker2 


Sek/408 


Spereg 


Spereg/ 438 


Steu 1 


Steu 1/451 




Sek/409 


Spergh 


Spereg/ 438 


Steu2 


Steu 2/452 


Skeu 1 


Skeu 1/425 


Sphel 


Sphel/439 


Stewe 


Stewe/452 


Skeu2 


Skeu 2/425 


Sphelghen 


Stha 


Sta/444 


Skeu 3 


Keu 3/233 




Spelgh/ 437 




Sta/445 


Skeud 1 


Skeud 1/426 


Spher 


Spher/ 440 


Stig 


Steig/448 


Skeud 2 


Keued/234 


Sphereg 


Spereg/ 438 


Stoigh 


Steigh/449 


Skhai 


Skhai/427 


Spheud 


Peud/371 


Stomen 


Stomen/453 


Skhed 


Sek/408 


SphTeu 


Spyeu/441 


Stor 


Ster 1/449 




Sek/409 


Spongo 


Spongo /441 


Str 


Ster 1/449 


Skou 


Keu 3/233 


Spreg 


Spereg/ 438 


Su 1 


Su 1/454 


Sku 


Skeu 2/425 


Sprek 


Spereg/ 438 




Su 1/455 



Indo-European 

s - v 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 




Su 1/456 


Teks 


Tex/4 79 


Tres 


Tres/483 


Su2 


Su 2/457 


Teku 1 


Teku 1/4 68 


Tronkus 


Trenk/ 4 82 


Su3 


Sawel/402 


Teku2 


Tex/4 79 


Trp 


Terp/ 4 75 




Sawel/403 


Tekw 


Teku 1/4 68 


Tu 


Tu/483 


Su4 


Seu 3/418 


Tel 


Tel/ 4 69 


Tu 


Tu/483 


Sua 


Kwon/2 68 


Tern 


Tem/470 


Tuardo 


Tuardo/484 


SuTg 


Suig/457 


Temp 


Ten 1/471 


Tulupos 


Tulupos/484 


Sup 1 


Swep/ 4 62 




Ten 1/472 


Turd 


Tuardo/484 


Sup 2 


Kup 1/256 


Ten 1 


Ten 1/471 


Turt 


Tuardo/484 


Sus 


Saus/401 




Ten 1/472 


Twerk 


Twerk/ 4 85 


Sutus 


Seu 3/418 


Ten 2 


Ten 2/472 


Twrk 


Twerk/ 4 85 


Svas 


Svas/459 


Tengh 


Ten 1/471 






Swad 


Swad/459 




Ten 1/472 




u 


Swei 


Swei/459 


Tenk 


Tenk/ 47 3 




Sweib 


Swei/459 


Tenu 


Ten 1/472 


Ud 1 


Ud 1/486 


Sweid 


Sweid/ 460 


Tep 


Tep/ 4 73 


Ud2 


Wed/ 4 97 


Sweks 


Sweks/ 4 60 


Ter1 


Ter 1/474 




Wed/ 4 98 


Swekwo 


Swekwo/ 4 60 


Ter 2 


Tres/483 


Udero 


Udero/ 487 


Swel 1 


Swel 1/4 61 


Ter 3 


Ter 3/475 


Ue 


I 2/195 


Swel2 


Sawel/403 


Terp 


Terp/ 4 75 


Uedero 


Udero/ 487 


Swen 


Swen/ 4 61 


Ters 


Ters/ 47 6 


Ues 


Yu/538 


Swep 


Swep/ 4 62 


Teter 


Teter/ 47 6 


ug 


Aueg/4 


Swer 


Swer/ 4 62 


Teu 1 


Teu 1/477 


Ugw 


Wegw/501 




Wer 6/517 


Teu 2 


Steu 2/452 


Uks 


Wegw/501 


Swe-sor 


Seu 1/417 


Teub 


Teub/478 


Uksen 


Wegw/501 






Teuk 


Teu 1/477 


Ulp 


Wei 2/511 




T 


Teuk-os 


Keku/219 


Uo 


I 2/195 




Teup 


Steu 2/452 


Uog 


Aueg/4 


Tai 


Stai 1/445 


Teus 


Teus/ 47 8 


Uper 


Upo/490 


Tal 


Tal/ 4 65 


Tex 


Tex/4 79 


Upo 


Upo/489 


Tannur 


Tanur/ 466 


Text 


Tex/4 79 




Upo/490 


Tanur 


Tanur/ 466 


Tiegu 


Tiegu/ 47 9 


Urigh 


Urigh/490 


Tar 


Ter 3/475 


Titi 


Titi/480 


Uroiks 


Uroiks/491 


Tat 


Atos/38 


Titil 


Titi/480 






Tata 


Atos/38 


To 


So/433 




V 


Tauro 


Teu 1/477 


Tr 


Ter 1/474 




Tebh 


Teub/478 


Trei 


Trei/481 


Veno 


Wes 5/522 


Tebhos 


Teub/478 


Trenk 


Trenk/ 4 82 


Vesno 


Wes 5/522 


Teg 


Steg/447 


Trep 1 


Trep 1/482 


Veso 


Wes 5/522 


Teig 


Steig/448 


Trep2 


Terp/ 4 75 







Indo-European 

W - Y 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



w 



Wa 


Eu 1/132 


Wag 


Wegh/ 501 


Wag 2 


Wag 2/495 


Wai 


Wai/ 4 95 


Waq 


Wegh/ 501 


Was 


Wes 1/520 


We1 


We 1/496 


We 2 


Au 2/39 


Webh 


Webh/ 497 


Wed 


Wed/ 4 97 




Wed/ 4 98 


Wedh 


Wen/513 


Wedh 1 


Wedh 1/498 


Wedh 2 


Wedh 2/499 


Weg 1 


Weg 1/499 


Weg2 


Weg 2/500 


Wegh 


Wegh/ 501 


Wego 


Wego/ 501 


Wegw 


Wegw/ 501 


Wegwh 


Wegwh/ 502 


Wei 1 


Wei 1/502 


Wei 2 


Wei 2/503 


Weib 


Weip/ 506 


Weid 


We id/504 


Weidh 


Weidh/ 50 5 


Weikl 


Weik 1/505 


Weik2 


Weik 2/506 


Weip 


Weip/ 506 


Weis 


Weis/ 507 


Wek 


Wek/ 507 


Wekw 


Wekw/ 508 


Wei 1 


Wei 1/509 


Wei 2 


Wei 2/510 




Wei 2/511 


Wei 3 


Wei 3/511 


Wela 


Wei 2/510 


Wem 


Wem/ 512 


Wen 


Wen/512 




Wen/513 



Wep 
Weqw 
Wer1 
Wer2 

Wer3 
Wer4 

Wer5 
Wer6 

Werb 

Werd 

Werdh 

Weredh 

Weren 

Werg 1 

Werg2 

Werg 3 

Wermi 

Werp 

Wert 

Wes 1 

Wes 2 

Wes 3 

Wes 4 

Wes 5 

Wesa 

Wesn 

Wes-no 

We-spero 

Wesr 

Wesu 



Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 



Wep/ 51 3 

Wekw/ 508 

Wer 1/514 

Wer 2/514 

Wer 2/515 

Wer 3/516 

Wed/ 4 97 

Wed/ 4 98 

Wer 5/517 

6/517 

6/517 

2/514 

2/515 

6/517 

Ered/128 

Ered/128 

Weren/518 

Werg 1/519 

3/516 

2/514 

2/515 

2/514 

2/515 

2/514 

2/515 

2/514 

Wer 2/515 

Wes 1/520 

Aus 2/41 

Wes 3/521 

4/521 

5/522 

1/520 

5/522 

5/522 

2/39 



Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wer 



Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Au 



Aus 2/41 
Su 1/454 
Su 1/455 
Su 1/456 



Wet 
Wi 

Wid 
Wi-itos 

Win 

Wiros 

Wlkwo 

Wlna 

Wlp 

Woid 

Woin 

Wokso 

Wolko 

Wopsa 

Worda 

Wordia 

Wordos 

Wos 

Wosos 

Wrdho 

Wreg 1 

Wreg2 

Wrei 

Wrg 

Wrod 

Wropal 



Ya 

Yag 

Ye 

Yekwer 

Yem 

Yero 

Yes 

Yeu 1 



Wet/ 52 2 
Wi/523 
Wi/524 
We id/504 
Ei/119 
Wi/524 
Woin/525 
Wei 2/503 
Wei 2/510 
Wei 2/510 
Wei 2/511 
We id/504 
Woin/525 
Weg 1/499 
Wei 2/510 
Webh/ 497 



Wer 
Wer 
Wer 
Wes 
Wes 



6/517 
6/517 
6/517 
1/520 
1/520 
Wrdho/ 52 6 
Wreg 1/527 
Wer 3/516 
Wer 2/514 
Wer 2/515 
Wer 3/516 
Wrdho/ 52 6 
Wer 2/515 



Ya/531 

Yag/ 531 

Ei/119 

Yekwer/533 

Yem/ 534 

Ei/119 

Yes/534 

Yeu 1/535 



670 



Indo-European 

Y - Z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


Yeu2 


Yeu 2/535 


Yeu3 


Yeu 3/536 


yeu-dh 


Yeu 3/536 


Yeug 


Yeu 1/535 


yeug 


Yeu 3/536 


Yewo 


Ieuo/196 


Yos 


Yds/538 


Yu 


Yu/538 


Yuwn 


Yeu 2/535 


Yuwnkos 


Yeu 2/535 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



Zgwes 



Gwes/181 



571 



Indo-Scythian 

A - Z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Indo- 


Scythian 
A 


Xad 
Xasta 


X 


Xad/528 
Xad/528 






Aysan 


Zay/539 

B 


Yau 


Y 


Yau/532 






Bata 

Bunai 

Byurru 


Bata/46 

Bunai/72 

Byurru/ 7 3 

G 


Zay 

Zi 


Z 


Zay/539 
Zay/539 






Gan 

Guysna 

Gyuna 


Gan/ 137 

Guysna/ 1 71 

Yau/532 

K 












Kavuta 


Kavuta/215 

M 












Mura 


Mura/ 314 

R 












Raud 
Raup 


Raup/ 38 5 
Raup/ 38 5 

u 












Uysgani 


Gan/ 137 

V 












Var 
Vata 


Var/ 4 92 
Bata/46 













372 



Iranian 

B - W 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Iranian 




w 








B 


waz 


Weg 2/500 






Bambak 


Pambak/351 

D 










daux 


Dheugh/101 










dauxs 


Dheugh/101 










davc 


Deuk/92 










dhaug 


Dheugh/101 










due 


Deuk/92 










duk 


Deuk/92 

G 










Gabbah 


Gabbah/ 136 

K 










Kaftan 


Kaftan/203 

L 










lap 


Leb/274 
P 










Pambak 


Pambak/351 










partaka 


Pele/361 

V 










vasa 


Wet/ 52 2 










vata 


Bata/46 










vawza 


Webh/497 










vaz 


Weg 2/500 











j73 



Iranian (Old) 

c - x 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Iranian (Old) 


SMS Klis/241 
suxra-vard 








c 


Wrdho/52 6 






cam 


Kwen 2/2 62 

K 


T 

thrapu Trep 1/482 






kar3 


Sek/409 


u 






kar3 


Sek/409 

L 


us-kar-a Sek/4 09 

V 






lakata 


Lek/2 78 

M 


varedha Wrdho/526 

w 






maud 
mauda 


Moudh/311 
Moudh/311 

N 


wrda Wrdho/526 

X 






naz 


Nog/338 
P 


Xsarta Xsarta/529 






paud 


Peud/371 








paud-a 


Peud/371 

R 








rakata 


Lek/2 78 








Rarz 


Lrg/285 

s 








Skaif 


Skaif/421 








Skaip 


Skaif/421 








sraTs 


Klis/241 









574 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Irish 

s - u 

WORD Root/Page 



Irish 



sean tig Steg/447 



Irish (Old) 



tech Steg/447 



u 



uisce Wed/ 4 i 

uisce beathadh 

Wed/ 4 i 



j75 



Italian 

A - Z 



WORD Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Italian 


F 




R 


A 


fascismo Bhendh/57 


riso 


Urigh/490 


arancia Naranga/319 


G 




s 


arsenale D.v.r/114 

S.n. 'a/431 

assassino H.s.s/193 


garbo Koro/244 
giraffa Zarafah/539 
gonda Gwhen 1/183 


saf-fior 
scalo 


S.f.r/419 
Skand/422 


B 

balcone Bhergh/62 
Gwhen 1/183 


gondola Gwhen 1/183 




T 


grained rock 

Ger 2/144 
granito Ger 2/144 


traffico 
traficare 


F.r.q/135 
F.r.q/135 


ballotta Bhel/54 


grappo Ger 1/143 






bambino Baba/45 






z 


barbacane 

Bhergh/62 


M 


zibetto 


Z.b.d/540 


Gwhen 1/183 


macrame Q.r.m/382 






bronzo Berenza/47 


ma-donna Dem/86 
Marocco Erebu/128 






c 


maschera s.x.r/4 63 






materasso T.r.h/483 






ca i ceo Kay ik/ 216 


mazazzino Gzn/188 






calibro Ku 1/253 


monna Y.m.n/537 






Ped/354 


moschea Masgda/292 






Cerretano Car /1 4 








Cerreto Car /1 4 


N 






ciarlatano Car /1 4 






commerci Merk/30 7 


numero Nem 1/329 






cuffia Ghebh-el/152 








D 


P 






palla Bhel/54 






darsena D.v.r/114 


pallone Bhel/54 






S.n. 'a/431 


pistacchio Bistak/69 






doccia Deuk/92 


pro-filare Gwhi/186 






doccione Deuk/92 








don Dem/86 








donna Dem/86 


Q 

quadratina 







Kwetwer/2 65 



Latin 

A - C 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Latin 




ambractus 


Ei/118 
Ag/5 


azzurum 


La j in/271 


A 


amb-ulare 


Al 4/18 




B 






amen 


A.m.n/22 






ab 


Apo/29 


ana-tempa 




ballaena 


Bhel/54 


abyssus 


Gwadh/1 73 




Ten 1/472 


balsamun 


Busma/72 


a caeso matris 


anguis 


Angwhi/2 7 


barbaria 


Baba/45 




Skhai/427 


angulus 


Ang/2 6 


barbarus 


Baba/45 


accidere 


Kad 2/202 


anima 


An 1/24 


bardus 


Gurdos/170 


acci-piter 


Oku/343 


anser 


Ghans/149 


beryl 1 us 


Velur/494 




Pet 1/370 


apere 


Ap 2/28 


bi 


Dwo/115 


acere 


Ak/12 


ap-enre 


Wer 3/516 


bibere 


Po 2/374 


acetum 


Ak/12 


apex 


Ap 2/28 


biblia 


J.b.l /199 


acu 


Oku/343 


apis 


Embhi/123 


bis 


Dwo/115 


acu-pedius 


Oku/343 


aptus 


Ap 2/28 


bis-coctus Dwo/115 




Pet 1/370 


aqua 


Akwa/14 




Pekw/358 


acus 


Ak/12 


aqualius 


Akwa/14 


biscopus 


Epi/125 


adamas 


Dema/87 


ara 


As/35 


bombus 


Bamb/4 6 


ad-apt-are 


Ap 2/28 


architectus 




bombyx 


Pambak/351 


ad-cad-ere 






Arxein/35 


bos 


Gwou/187 




Kad 2/202 


archivum 


Arxein/35 


bov- 


Gwou/187 


ad-cor 


Kerd 1/229 


arcticus 


Rk-tho/396 


brevis 


Mregu/312 


ad-eptus 


Ap 2/28 


ardere 


As/35 


bronzium 


Berenza/4 7 


Adriaticus 


Ater/37 


arere 


As/35 


bucina 


Beu 2/48 


aera 


Aios/10 


argentum 


Arg/34 


bulca 


Beu 2/48 


aes 


Aios/10 


arguere 


Arg/34 


bulga 


Bhel/54 


aether 


Aidh/9 


ars 


Ar/32 


bulla 


Beu 2/48 


agens 


Ag/5 


asetus 


Aidh/9 


burgus 


Bhergh/63 


agere 


Ag/5 


ater 


Ater/37 


buteo 


Beu 1/48 


ag-sla 


Ag/5 


atrium 


Ater/37 


butio 


Beu 1/48 


aither 


Aidh/9 


atrox 


Ater/37 


butTre 


Beu 1/48 


alchymia 


Gheu 1/162 


audire 


Ous 1/347 








Kers 2/230 


augere 


Aueg/4 




c 


alcohol 


K.h. 1/236 


augur 


Aueg/4 




Alexander 


Alek/19 


augustus 


Aueg/4 


cadentia 


Kad 2/202 


alius 


Al 1/15 


aurora 


Aus 2/41 


cad-ere 


Kad 2/202 


alter 


Al 1/15 


australis 


Aus 2/41 


cadmTa 


Q.d.m/380 


Alumen 


Alu/20 


authenticus Autos/42 


caedere 


Skhai/427 


ambactus 


Ambhi/21 


auxilium 


Aueg/4 


caelum 


Skhai/427 


ambi-Tre 


Ambhi/21 


avis 


Aw/43 


caementu 


m 

Skhai/427 



577 



Latin 

c - c 



WORD 


Roo 


t/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Caesaria 


Skhai/427 


Caucasus 


Kreu/24 6 


col-lum 


Kwel/2 61 


calamus 


Kolemos/242 




Ku 1/253 


color 


Kel 2/220 


calefare 


Kel 


1/220 


cauma 


Ku 1/253 


col-umba 


Kel 4/222 


calere 


Kel 


1/220 


cavere 


Keu 3/233 


com-cors 


Kerd 1/229 


calix 


Kel 


5/222 


cavus 


Keu 2/232 


comerx 


Merk/307 


calor 


Kel 


1/220 


cedrus 


Q. t.r/382 


communis 


Mei 3/297 


calvaria 


Kelewo/223 


celare 


Kel 2/220 


concilium 


Kel 3/221 


calvus 


Kelewo/223 


cens-ere 


Kens/225 


con-vexus 


Wegh/501 


camelus 


Jamal/198 


centenarium Dekm/85 


co-op 


Op/ 34 4 


camera 


Kara 


2/207 


centum 


Dekm/85 


coquere 


Pekw/358 


caminus 


Kara 


2/207 


cephalicus 




cor 


Kerd 1/229 


camisia 


Kern 


2/223 


Ghebh-el/152 


corpus 


Kwer/2 63 


Campanic 


Kam 


2/207 


ce-terus 


I 2/194 


cortus 


Sek/408 


campus 


Kara 


2/207 




Ki 2/237 


costa 


Kost/245 


camus 


Kara 


1/206 


charta 


Cartes/74 


coxa 


Kenk 1/224 


canalis 


Gwhen 


1/184 


chronicus 




coxTnus 


Kenk 1/224 


cancer 


Kar 


1/212 




Gher 1/158 


crassia 


Kiru/238 


candidare 






ciere 


Kei 2/218 


crassus 


Kiru/238 




Kand 


1/209 


cimex 


Kei 1/217 


credere 


Kerd 1/229 


candidatus 




cinnabaris 




cremare 


Ker 5/228 




Kand 


1/209 


Sinkadrus/420 


cn-bellare 


Sek/409 


candidus 


Kand 


1/209 


circum-Tre 


Ei/118 


crispus 


Sker 1/424 


canis 


Kwon/2 68 


circus 


Sker 1/424 


crista 


Sker 1/424 


capere 


Kap/210 


citare 


Kei 2/218 


crocodillus 




capotes 


Kavu 


ta/215 


cithara 


Ten 1/471 




Korka/243 


capparis 






cTvis 


Kei 4/219 


crudus 


Kreu/24 6 


Kapparis/211 


clamare 


Kel 3/221 


crusta 


Kreu/24 6 


capsa 


Kap/210 


clamitas 


Kel 6/222 


crystallum 


Kreu/24 6 


carbo 


Ker 


5/228 


clarus 


Kel 3/221 


ctunica 


Kitu/238 


carcro 


Kar 


1/212 


classis 


Kel 3/221 


cubus 


K.a' .b/201 


carni-levare 




claudere 


Kleu 2/241 


cumulus 


Keu 2/232 




Legwh/275 


cliens 


Klei/239 


cuneus 


Ku 2/254 


carni-levare Sek/409 


cITma 


Klei/239 


cupere 


Kup 2/256 


caro 


Sek/409 


cITmare 


Klei/239 


cuppa 


Geu 1/147 


carta 


Cartes/74 


cluere 


Kleu 1/240 


curvus 


Sker 1/424 


carus 


Ka 


1/201 


Clunis Klou-ni/242 


cutis 


Skeu 2/425 


casicare 


Kad 


2/202 


co-apere 


Ap 2/28 


cymbalon 


Geu 1/147 


castellum 


Kes 


1/231 


coemeterion 






castrare 


Kes 


1/231 




Kei 4/219 






castrum 


Kes 


1/231 


col-ere 


Kwel/2 61 







WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Latin 

D - F 

Root/Page 



D 

dactylus Daqal/79 

damnum Da 1/78 

dare Do 2/109 
de-cad-ere 

Kad 2/202 

decern Dekm/84 

decere Dek/83 

decimus Dekm/84 

decus Dek/83 
de-fendere 

Gwhen 2/185 
De-ITberare 

Lithra/284 

den Dekm/84 

den-arius Dekm/84 

dent Ed/ 117 

deus Dei/81 

dexter Dek/83 

diadema De 1/80 

diamas Dema/8 7 

dTcere Deik/82 

dies Dei/81 

digitus Deik/82 

dignus Dek/83 
dingua Dinghw/107 

dTrus Dwei/114 

discere Dek/83 

dis-goust Geus/148 
dTvidere Weidh/505 

docere Dek/83 

domina Dem/86 

dominus Dem/86 

donum Do 2/109 

dracu Derk/90 

dracunem Derk/90 
dragumanus 

Ragamu/384 

drappus Der 1/89 

ducere Deuk/92 



duco Deuk/92 

duo Dwo/115 

duo-decem Dekm/84 
Dwo/115 
durus Deru 1 /91 
dys- Dus/113 

E 

ebeninus Hebni/190 
eboreus Yb/533 

ebur Yb/533 

eclTpsis Leigh 2/277 
ed-ere Ed/ 117 

educare Deuk/92 

ego Eg/1 1 8 

elementum Yb/533 

elepantum Yb/533 

elephantus Yb/533 

epi-demia Epi/125 
epi-lepsia Epi/125 
episcopus Epi/125 
errare Eres 1/130 
esse Es 2/131 

et Eti/132 

et-ce-ten Eti/132 

I 2/194 
Ki 2/237 
eu-caliptus 

Kel 2/220 
europa Erebu/128 
Eve H.y.y/193 

ex-Tre Ei/118 

ex-ul A 1 4/18 



facere 


Dhe 


2/95 


fades 


Dhe 


2/95 


facilis 


Dhe 


2/95 



: alco Pel 2/360 

: allo-ere Ghuel/166 

: alsus Ghuel/166 

: amilia Dhe 2/95 

: amul Dhe 2/95 

: amulus Dhe 2/95 

art Bha 2/50 

: ascis Bhendh/5 7 

: ebris Dhogh/104 

: emina Dhe 1 /93 

: endere Gwhen 2/185 

erTre Bher 3/60 
: er-mentum 

Bher 5/61 

■erre Bher 1/59 

: ervere Bher 5/61 

e-tus Dhe 1 /93 

: eudum Pek/357 

igura Dheigh/96 

ilius Dhe 1 /93 

Hum Gwhi/186 

irmus Dher 1/98 

lor Bhel/55 

16s Bhel/55 

luere Bhel/55 
luere-escent Bhel/55 

blium Bhel/55 

bnt Dhen/97 

brare Bher 3/60 

bras Dhwer/106 

br-ceps Gwher/186 
Kap/210 

brctus Bhergh/63 

bris Dhwer/106 

brmica Morwi/311 

brnax Gwher/186 

br-nus Gwher/186 

ortis Bhergh/63 

rater Bher 1/59 

ricare Bher 3/60 



Latin 

F - L 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


fngere 


Bher 2/59 


gurges 


Gwer 3/180 


ndex 


Deik/82 


fugere 


Bheug/65 


gurgulio 


Gwer 3/180 


ndus 


Sy and/ 463 


fumus 


Dheu 2/100 


gurrio 


Ger 4/145 


ndustria 


Ster 1/449 


fundere 


Gheu 1/162 


gustus 


Geus/148 


nfestare 


Dhars/93 


fundus 


Bhun/68 


gypsum 


Gassu/138 


nf-imus 


Emos/123 


fungus 


Spongo /441 






n-fluentia 


Bhel/55 


fusus 


Dhus/106 




H 


ngenium 


Gene 1/141 


futurus 


Bheu 3/64 




n-itium 


Ei/118 






Hadriaticus Ater/37 


nsula canaria 




G 


hanser 


Ghans/149 




Kwon/2 68 




Hebraeus 


A* .b.r/4 


nter 


En/124 


galea 


Gaulos/138 


hemi-crania 


ntra 


En/124 


galeota 


Gaulos/138 




Ker 1/226 


ntro 


En/124 


gangraena Gras/169 


heres 


Ghe 1/151 


onius 


H.n.n/191 


gaza 


Gzn/188 


hibernus 


Ghei 1/153 


Ye 


Ei/118 


geminus 


Y em/ 534 


holocaustum 


la-em 


I 2/194 


gener 


Gene 1/141 




Ku 1/253 






genius 


Gene 1/141 


homo 


Ghdhem/150 




J 


gent 


Gene 1/141 


horctus 


Bhergh/63 




germen 


Gene 1/141 


horrere 


Ghers/1 60 


ecur 


Yekwer/533 


gigeria 


Yekwer/533 


hortarT 


Gher 4/159 


ovis 


Dei/81 


gingiber 


Ker 1/22 6 


hortus 


Gher 1/158 


udex 


Deik/82 


gladius 


Kel 6/222 


humanus 


Ghdhem/150 


ugum 


Yeu 1/535 


globus 


Gel/139 


humere 


Wegw/501 


ulius 


Dei/81 


gluten 


Gel/139 


humus 


Ghdhem/150 


ungere 


Yeu 1/535 


gnatus 


Gene 1/141 


hyacinthus 


us 


Yeu 3/536 


gnocere 


Gno/168 


Hyakinthos/193 


uvenca 


Yeu 2/535 


gracilis 


Kerk/230 


hyaena 


Su 2/457 j 


uvencus 


Yeu 2/535 


gradi 


Gredh/1 69 






uvenis 


Yeu 2/535 


gradus 


Gredh/1 69 




I 






granum 


Ger 2/144 






K 


gratia 


Gwer 2/179 


iaspis 


Yasfa/532 






gratus 


Gwer 2/179 


Tdem 


I 2/194 


calendae 


Kel 3/221 


gravis 


Gwer 1/178 


iden 


I 2/194 






gregorious 


T-gnorare 


Gno/168 




L 




Ger 3/145 


ille 


Al 1/15 






gressus 


Gredh/1 69 


-imus 


Emos/123 


acer 


Lek/2 79 


grus 


Ger 4/145 


in- 


Ne 1/322 


acertilia 


Lek/2 78 


gryphus 


B.r.k/71 


in-cad-ere 


Kad 2/202 


amenturr 


1 La/2 70 


gurdus 


Gurdos/170 


incidere 


Kad 2/202 


atus 


Tel/ 4 69 



)80 



Latin 

L - N 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


lazulum 


La j in/271 


margo 


Merg/307 


mordere 


Mer 2/306 


lepos 


Lep/2 79 


marmor 


Mer 2/305 


mors 


Mer 2/306 


levar 


Legwh/275 


mater 


Ma/286 


mor-tarium 


levis 


Legwh/275 


materia 


Ma/286 




Mer 2/306 


liber 


Leudh/281 


materies 


Ma/286 


movere 


Mew/ 30 9 


Libra 


Lithra/284 


matrix 


Ma/286 


mucro 


Meuk/309 


ITcium 


Uroiks/491 


mattus 


M.v. t/315 


mucus 


Meug/308 


limere 


Lei/ 27 5 




Mad/28 7 


mulgere 


Mel g/ 300 


ITmus 


Lei/ 27 5 


max-imus 


Emos/123 


mumia 


Mum/314 


lingua 


Dinghw/107 


maximus 


Meg/295 


munTre 


Mei 2/296 


liquere 


Leigh 2/277 


medi-terraneous 


mus 


Mu/313 


litera 


Deph/88 




Medhyo/295 


muskus 


Mu/313 


locusta 


Lek/2 78 




Ters/476 


mustus 


Meu 1/308 


longus 


Del/86 


medius 


Medhyo/295 






lotus 


Ladunu/2 70 


melancho 


ia 




N 


lumen 


Leuk/282 




Ghel/156 




luna 


Leuk/282 


melancholy 


nanus 


Nana/319 


lustrare 


Leuk/282 




Mel 1/299 


naphtha 


Nabatu/317 


lutum 


Leu/280 


me-mor 


Mer 1/304 


nardus 


Nedo/324 


lux 


Leuk/282 


mens 


Men 1/302 


nasus 


Nas/320 






ment 


Men 1/302 


natrium 


Nitiru/337 




M 


merces 


Merk/307 


natus 


Gene 1/141 




Mercurius 


Merk/307 


navis 


Na 1/316 


macer 


Mak/290 


merx 


Merk/307 


naxae 


Naks/318 


macina 


Maghl/288 


micro-scopium 


ne 


Ne 1/321 


magus 


Maghl/288 




Spek/436 


nectere 


Ned/ 32 4 


mal-aria 


Mel 2/299 


migare 


Mei 3/297 


neg 


Ne 1/321 




We 1/496 


milia pasu 


um 


negare 


Ne 1/321 


male 


Mel 2/299 




Gheslo/161 


nek 


Ne 1/321 


malus 


Mel 2/299 


milie 


Gheslo/161 


nepos 


Nepot/330 


malus persica 


mina 


Mana/290 


Neptunus 


Nebh/323 




Parsa/352 


minere 


Men 3/303 


nervus 


Sai 2/398 


malva 


M.l.h/310 


min-imus 


Emos/123 


ne-ullus 


I 2/195 


mamma 


Ma/286 


miscere 


Meig/298 




Ne 1/321 


manere 


Men 2/303 


mithere 


Smeit/430 


ni-scTre 


Ne 1/321 


manfur 


Menth/304 


mitis 


Mei 1/296 


ni-tere 


Nei 1/325 


manphur 


Menth/304 


modus 


Me 2/294 


nitrum 


Nitiru/337 


Mantellum 


mollis 


Mel 3/300 


nobilis 


Gno/168 


Mantellum/291 


mont 


Men 3/303 


nocere 1 


Gno/168 


Mantil 




morbus 


Mer 2/306 


nocere 2 


Nek 1/327 


Mantellum/291 











681 



Latin 

N - P 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


nocht 


Noktis/339 


oryza 


Urigh/490 


perna 


Persna/369 


noctua 


Noktis/339 


OS 1 


Ost/346 


pernula 


Persna/369 


nodus 


Ned/ 32 4 


6s 2 


Ous 2/348 


perperus 


Per 1/364 


nogae 


Nog/338 


oscillum 


Ous 2/348 


persis 


Parsa/352 


nomen 


Nomn/34 


ovum 


Aw/43 


per-suadere 


nona 


Newn/333 








Swad/459 


norma 


Gno/168 


P 


pertica pellis 


novem 


Newn/333 


A 






Parth/352 


novus 


Newo/334 


pacTcT 


Pak/350 


pertum 


Per 4/368 


nox 


Noktis/339 


pagus 


Pak/350 


petere 


Pet 1/370 


noxa 


Nek 1/327 


pallere 


Pel 2/360 


pileus 


Pilo/373 


nubes 


Sneudh/432 


pal-ma 


Pele/361 


pilus 


Pilo/373 


nudus 


Nogw/339 


palus 


Pak/350 


pingere 


Peig/356 


nugae 


Nog/338 


pandere 


Pet 2/371 


pinus 


Pei/355 


numerus 


Nem 1/329 


pangere 


Pak/350 


pistacia 


Bistak/69 


nuntium 


Neu/333 


parallelum 


Al 1/15 


pistacium 


Bistak/69 






para-meter 




piter 


Pet 1/370 




o 




Per 1/364 


pla-no 


Pel 1/359 




pardus 


Prs/377 


pla-nus 


Pele/361 


ob 


Epi/125 


parrum-affi 


nis 


plattus 


Pele/361 


ob-cad-ere 




Pdu/376 


pl-us 


Pel 1/359 




Kad 2/202 


pars 


Per 4/368 


pollen 


Pel 3/360 


obolus 


Gwel 2/177 


parsanga 




polluere 


Leu/280 


ob-SCUrus Skeu 2/425 


Fra 


-sanga/134 


pondo 


Spen/437 


occasio 


Kad 2/202 


particaminum 


ponere 


Apo/30 


oceanus 


Keanos/21 6 




Parth/352 


pont 


Pent/ 3 62 




Oku/343 


pascere 


Pa/350 


porta 


Per 2/365 


octo 


Okto/342 


passus 


Pet 2/371 


portare 


Per 2/365 


off-endere 


pater 


Pa/350 


portio 


Per 4/368 




Gwhen 2/185 


pauo 


Tokei/481 


post 


Apo/30 


op-enre 


Wer 3/516 


pau-per 


Pdu/376 


post-omus 


Emos/123 


opi-facium Dhe 2/95 


pavo 


Tokei/481 


potere 


Pa/350 




Op/ 34 4 


pavonTs 


Tokei/481 


potis 


Pa/350 


optimus 


Op/ 34 4 


pectus 


Peg/355 


potus 


Po 2/374 


optTo 


Op/ 34 4 


ped 


Ped/353 


prae-gnas 




opus 


Op/ 34 4 


ped-yos 


Ped/353 




Gene 1/141 


or 


Ous 2/348 


pendere 


Spen/437 


precarT 


Perk 1 /368 


orchis 


Orghi/345 


per 


Per 1/364 


premere 


Per 3/367 


ordo 


Ar/32 


per-centurr 


Dekm/85 


pressuss 


Per 3/367 


oriri 


Er 1/126 


peri-scopium 


prex 


Perk 1 /368 








Spek/436 







WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Latin 

p - s 

Root/Page 



pnmo-capus 

Per 1/364 
pro Per 1/364 

pro-bhwo Bheu 3/64 
pro-pages Pak/350 
pro-tahere Per 1/364 
pu-llus Pou/376 

pulvis Pel 3/360 

pungere Peuk/372 

purus Peu/371 

pustula Pu 2/378 



Q 



qu- Kwo/2 67 

quadraginta 

Kwetwer/265 
quadrus Kwetwer/265 
qualis Kwo/2 67 

quantis Kwo/2 67 

que Kwe/258 

queri Kwes/2 64 

quies Kweye/266 

R 

rarus Ere 1/127 
re-cens Ken/224 

re-cor Kerd 1/229 
red-undare Wed/ 4 98 

regere Reg 1/387 

regula Reg 1/387 
repere Rep/ 391 

reri Ar/32 

res Rei 1/389 
re-secare Sek/4 08 

rete Ere 1/12 7 

retis Ere 1/12 7 
ret-undus Ret/392 

rex Reg 1/387 



rha Eres 1/130 

rheu-barbarum 

Baba/45 
Eres 1/130 
ricinus Erek/129 

npa Rei 2/389 

risecum Sek/4 08 

rivus Er 1/12 6 

robeus Reudh 1/394 
rosa Wrdho/526 

ros-maris Eres 1/130 
rota Ret/ 3 92 

rudis Reu 2/393 

rugTre Reu 1/393 

ru-mor Reu 1/393 
rumpere Reu 2/393 
rus Rewe/395 



saccharon Korki/243 
saeta Se 1/404 

salamandra 

Salamandra /399 
salus Sol/434 

salvus Sol/434 

Samson s.m.s/431 
sandraca Kand 1/209 
sapo Seip/4 07 

Saracenus Cirag/75 
sarcasmos 

Twerk/485 
scaena Skai/421 

scaevus Skaivos/421 
scalae Skand/422 

scamnum Skabh/420 
scandere Skand/422 
scarlatum Sekw/410 
scire Sek/4 09 

SCOrpius A.q.r/31 



secare Sek/4 08 

secondus Sekw/410 
semi-sque Kwe/258 

se-mitita Mei 3/297 

senex Sen 1/413 

senior Sen 1/413 

septem Septm/414 

sequi Sekw/410 

serenus Ksero/250 

serere Ser 3/416 

serius Wer 6/51 7 

serra Srisa/443 

serum Ser 1/414 

servare Ser 2/416 

sex Sweks/4 60 

siccus Seiku/407 

sigillatus Sekw/410 

signum Sekw/410 

sincerus Sen 2/414 

Sine Sen 2/414 

Sipillus Ksip/251 

Siripus S.r.b/442 

situla Se 3/404 
smaragdus B.r.q/71 

smT-gzlT Gheslo/161 

socius Sekw/410 

soda S.d.aV403 

sodanum S.d.aV403 

sol Sawel/402 

solidus Sol/434 

Sonus Swen/4 61 

sors Ser 3/416 

specere Spek/436 

spelta Sphel/439 

spongia Spongo /441 

squalus Skwalo/428 

stabulum Sta/445 

sterilis Ster 4/451 

sterron Ster 2/450 

stinguere steic 



683 



Latin 

s - v 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


stomachus 


terra 


Ters/476 


urgere 


Wreg 1/527 




Stomen/453 


tesqua 


Teus/478 


urTna 


Wed/ 4 98 


strata 


Ster 1/449 


tes-tis 


Trei/481 


uterus 


Udero/487 


struere 


Ster 1/449 


testum 


Tex/4 79 






studere 


Steu 2/452 


tetrao 


Teter/476 




V 


stupere 


Steu 2/452 


texere 


Tex/4 79 




stuppare 


Stewe/452 


titio 


Titi/480 


vacare 


Eu 1/132 


suadere 


Swad/459 


tolere 


Tel/ 4 69 


vagio 


Wag 2/495 


summus 


Upo/490 


tonare 


Ten 2/472 


vagTre 


Wag 2/495 


s-up 


Upo/489 


torpere 


Ster 3/450 


valles 


Wei 3/511 


super 


Upo/490 


toxicum 


Teku 1/4 68 


vanus 


Eu 1/132 


super-bhwo 


trancus 


Trenk/482 


vapor 


Kup 2/256 




Bheu 3/64 


trans 


Ter 1/474 


vastus 


Eu 1/132 


super-undere 


trans_fre 


Ei/118 


vectus 


Wegh/501 




Wed/ 4 98 


trans-latus Tel/ 4 69 


vegere 


Weg 2/500 


s-upper-mo Upo/490 


trans-quil 


US 


vehere 


Wegh/501 


surgere 


Reg 1/387 




Kweye/2 66 


velle 


Wei 1/509 


sus 


Su 2/457 


trepidus 


Trep 1/482 


vellere 


Wei 2/510 


Syphilus 


Su 2/457 


tri 


Trei/481 


velox 


Weg 2/500 






tri-bhu 


Bheu 3/64 


velum 


Weg 1/499 




T 


tribus 


Trei/481 


venarT 


Wen/513 




truncus 


Ter 1/474 


ven-dere 


Wes 5/522 


talea 


Til/ 4 65 


tuber 


Teu 1/477 


venenum 


Wen/513 


tardus 


Tuardo/484 


tulipa 


Bhendh/5 7 


vener 


Wen/ 51 3 


tartarum 




tumere 


Teu 1/477 


venetT 


Wen/513 


Tartaros/466 


tunica 


Kitu/238 


venTr 


Gwa/1 73 


tata 


Atos/38 


turcus 


Tu-kue/484 


ventus 


We 1/496 


taurus 


Teu 1/477 


turrere 


Ters/476 


venum 


Wes 5/522 


tegere 


Steg/447 


turtur 


Teter/476 


venus 


Wen/513 


tegula 


Steg/447 


turtura 


Teter/476 


vepres 


Wep/513 


tele-scop 


um 






vepsa 


Webh/497 




Spek/436 




u 


ver 


Aus 2/41 


temere 


Tem/470 




verbum 


Wer 1/514 


tendere 


Ten 1/472 


ulare 


Al 4/18 


vergere 


Wer 2/515 


tenere 


Ten 1/472 


ultra 


Al 1/15 


vermis 


Wer 2/515 


tepere 


Tep/4 73 


umbilicus 


Nobh/337 


verruka 


Wer 6/517 


terer 


Tres/483 


umbra 


Andho/25 


vespa 


Webh/497 


teri 


Trei/481 


unda 


Wed/ 4 98 


vestis 


Wes 3/521 


terminus 


Ter 1/474 


unus 


I 2/195 


vetere 


Wer 2/515 


terpsi-chore 


upupa 


Opop/345 


veterinus 


Wet/ 522 




Terp/4 75 











Latin 

v - z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


vetus 


Wet/ 52 2 


z 






vibrare 

vicis 

vicus 

videre 

vTgere 


Weip/506 
Weik 1/505 
Weik 2/506 

We id/504 
Weg 2/500 


zacharias z.k.r/541 
zephyrum Keu 2/232 
zingiber Ker 1/226 
zinziber Ker 1/22 6 






villa 


Weik 2/506 








villus 


Wei 2/510 








vinea 


Woin/525 








vinnus 


Nogw/339 








vTnum 


Woin/525 








vinum-acer Ak/12 








vmum-acer 










Woin/525 








violere 


Wei 2/503 








vir 


Wei 2/503 








virus 


Weis/507 








viscum 


Weis/507 








visus 


We id/504 








vitulus 


Wet/ 52 2 








viva 


Gwei/175 








vivere 


Gwei/175 








voc 


Wekw/508 








vocare 


Wekw/508 








vol 


Wei 1/509 








volvere 


Wei 3/511 








vomere 


Wem/512 








vorare 


Gwer 3/180 








vormTca 


Morwi/311 








vovere 


Wegwh/502 








vox 


Wekw/508 








vulmus 


Wei 2/510 

Y 








ya-mo 


Ei/119 








yugista 


Yeu 1/535 









Latin (Late) 

A - T 

WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Latin (Late) 



admiralis A' .m.r/23 
amiralis A' .m.r/23 



curcum Kurkanu/257 

I 

Isaacus z.h.k/54 

J 

Jacobus A* .q.b/30 

N 



nun 



Nana/ 31 9 



sausanna Sosen/435 



Latin (Mid) 
A 

algorismus 

Ghdhem/150 
Su 1/455 

B 

borraco Ab 2/3 

borrago A.r.q/34 



camphora 

Karpurah/213 
cataya Khitan/236 

E 

emblica Amalaka/20 



galinga Kulanja/255 



litra Lithra/284 

M 

marchasita 

Magsisa/289 



safranum s.f.r/419 



slavous Kleu 1/240 
spinachia 

Spinaki on/440 
succarum Korka/243 
sumach Summaq/458 



talcum Talk/ 4 65 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Malasian 

L - T 

WORD Root/Page 



Malasian 



Limu Nimbu/336 



N 

NTmbu Nimbu/336 



salang s.l.m/429 



tambaga Tem/470 

teh C'a/74 

tekka Sakah/399 



Medit 

P - T 

WORD Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



Medit 



pard 
parnas 



Prs/377 
Prs/377 



taturas Teter/476 
tetatos Teter/476 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Mongolian 

B - U 

WORD Root/Page 



Mongolian 
B 

bahadur Dher 1/98 



K 

Khan Khan/236 

Khitan Khitan/236 



u 

Urdu Urmak/491 
Urmak Urmak/491 



Norse (Old) 

A - R 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Norse 


j (Old) 
A 










agi 


Agh/7 










ajjam 


Aw/43 

B 










blom 


Bhel/54 










blomi 


Bhel/54 










bulki 


Bhel/54 
E 










egg 


Aw/43 

G 










gap 


Ghei/152 










gapa 


Ghei/152 










geispa 


Ghei/152 

H 










hwosan 


Kwes/2 64 

M 










mugi 


Muk/314 

o 










oddi 


Ozgho/348 

R 










rogg 


Reu 2/393 










ryja 


Reu 2/393 











)90 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Pahlavi 

A - A 

Root/Page 



Pahlavi 



abaxsay 

abaxsayTd 

abayist 

abr 

abr-amun 

abzar 

adenak 

adhvenak 

afdom 

afsantan 

afsartan 

ag 

agur 

ahen 

ahrav 

ahru 

ahug 

ahuk 1 

ahuk2 

aj 
-ak 

ak 

almas 

aluh 

a-lutan 

amag 

amah 

Amon 

anar 

anargTI 

Na 

ang 

angubin 



Xsad/529 

Xsad/529 

Ei/118 

Nebh/323 

Amon/ 23 

Nebh/323 

Ghei 2/154 

Dheye/102 

Dheye/102 

Apo/29 

Fsan/135 

Xsarta/529 

Agh/7 

Agurru/7 

Aios/10 

Ar/31 

Ar/31 

Oku/343 

Oku/343 

Ahu/8 

Sekw/410 

Akos/13 

Agh/7 

Dema/87 

Akwa/14 

Leu/280 

Ne 2/322 

Ne 2/322 

Amon/ 23 

Nor/ 34 



anTtan 



rikelah/320 
Embhi/123 
Embhi/123 
Pel/355 
Nel 2/326 



anosak Ous 1/34 6 
anosak-ruvan 

Ous 1/346 
Ab 1/1 



ap 

a-pac 
apam 
apar 
aparon 

apaxtar 

apayistan 

ape 

ape 

ap-rex 

ap-tab 
a-purn-ay 

ars 

arta-pan 

arus 

arzan 

arzok 

arzyz 

as 

a-san-ak Gwhen 1/182 



Ab 1/2 

Bhe/53 

Ap 2/28 

Upo/490 

Apo/29 

Ardha/33 

Apank/28 

Ei/118 

Apo/29 

Apo/29 

Ab 1/1 

Leigh 2/277 

Ab 1/1 

Ai w/1 1 

Ne 1/321 

Akru/14 

Pa/349 

El 2/122 

Ger 2/144 

Bhergh/62 

Arg/34 

Ak/12 



as-ap 
asbar 
asem 

asm 

askumb 

as-man 

asnudan 

asog 

asp 

aspast 

aspasti 



Ak/12 

Ekwos/121 

Ne 1/322 

Sema/413 

Aios/10 

Reuto/395 

Ak/12 

Kleu 1/240 

Ar/31 

Ekwos/121 

Ed/ 117 
Ekwos/121 
Ed/ 117 



Aspiyan 

assardan 

astag 

astak 

astar 

asto-ban 

astoban 

asto-bar 

astr 

astuxan 

astvan 

asup 

asuptak 

as-vahist 

atur 

atur-pat 

ava 

avam 

ava-sam 

avr 

av-xur 

awanos 

awarzog 

awdum 

awr 

awsartan 

a-xram 

axtar 

aya 

ayab 

ayaf 
ayao 
ayat 
azak 
azer 

azg 
azTr 



Atos/38 

Xsarta/529 

Ost/346 

Ost/346 

Ag/5 

Stebh/446 

Steu 1/451 

Stebh/446 

Ag/5 

Ost/346 

Steu 1/451 

Kseubh/250 

Kseubh/250 

Ar/31 

Ater/37 

Ater/37 

So/433 

Ap 2/28 

So/433 

Nebh/323 

Ab 1/1 

Swel 1/4 61 

Hebni/190 

Bhergh/62 

Apo/29 

Nebh/323 

Kel 1/220 

Kr am/245 

Apank/28 

I 2/195 

Ap 2/28 

I 2/195 

Ap 2/28 

I 2/195 

Y em/ 534 

Aig-/9 

En/124 

Sekw/410 

Ozgho/348 

En/124 



691 



Pahlavi 

B - E 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



B 



balen 

balTsn 

balut 

balx 

bandak 

bar 1 

bar 2 

barbut 

barsum 

barut 

barzax 

batak 

bavarak 

baxr 

baxtan 

baxtri 

bazm 

bazurk 

benTk 

bes 1 

bes 2 

besazak 

bevar 

bevar-asp 

Bistak 

bot 

bot-katak 

boxtan 

bozisn 

brahnak 

brejan 
bndan 
bristag 
bruk 
buc 
bum 1 
bum 2 
bumahan 



Bhel/54 

Bhel/54 

Balut/46 

Apank/28 

Bhendh/57 

Bher 1/58 

Per 2/365 

Baba/45 

Bhel/54 

Balut/46 

An 1/24 

Batiaxe/47 

Bher 4/60 

Apank/28 

Weg 2/500 

Apank/28 

Bhag/52 

Weg 2/500 

Vaena 1/492 

Dwei/114 

Weis/507 

Bha 2/50 

Byurru/73 

Byurru/73 

Bistak/69 

Pwt/379 

Ket/232 

Bheug/65 

Bheug/65 

Bunai/72 

Nogw/339 

Bher 2/59 

Bher 3/60 

Bher 2/59 

Bhru 1/67 

Bhugo/68 

Beu 1/48 

Bheu 3/64 

Bheu 3/64 



bun 

bun-dat 
burtan 
buz 



cacak 

cah 

cakat 

cakoc 

capuk 

car 

casisn 

casTtan 

catrang 

celan 

celankar 

cer 

cerTh 

cigon 

CTrag 



Bhun/68 

Bhun/68 

Bher 1/58 

Bhugo/68 



Wet/ 52 2 

Gwhen 1/183 

Keku/219 

Keku/219 

Trep 1/482 

Kwel/2 60 

Kwek/2 60 

Kwek/2 60 

Ang/2 6 

Kwetwer/265 

Skhai/427 

Skhai/427 

Cirya/76 

Cirya/76 

Geu 1/14 6 

Cirag/75 



D 



dadar 

dah 

dahisn 

damat 

dantan 

dart 

das 

dasn 

dasr 

dastan 

dast-war 

datan 

datastan 

davTtan 



Do 2/109 

Dekm/84 

Do 2/109 

Geme/140 

Der 1/89 

Der 1/89 

Da 1/78 

Dek/83 

Do 2/109 

Dher 1/98 

Dhe 2/94 

Do 2/109 

Dhe 2/94 

Dheu 1/99 



debag Dei/81 

deh Dhls/103 

deman Dheye/102 
denar Dekm/84 

depak Dei/81 

Zay/539 
dih Dhis/103 

dTk Ghdies/151 

dTI Kerd 1/229 

dm Dheye/102 

diram Drassoman/110 
dTtan Dheye/102 

doc Deuk/92 

doxtan Deuk/92 

Dheugh/101 
drai-ap Glei/167 

dram Drassoman/110 
driyos Dregh/110 

drag Dhreugh/105 

druvand Dhreugh/105 
dud Dheu 2/100 

dusitan Dheugh/101 
du-srav Kleu 1/240 
dusxvar Eter/132 

dutak-man Dem/86 

Dheu 2/100 

duxtan Dheugh/101 

duzax An 1/24 

Dus/113 



E 



en 

evak 

e-van 

e-var 

e-var 

evar 



I 2/195 

I 2/195 

En/124 

En/124 

En/124 

Wei 1/509 



Pahlavi 

F - K 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 




F 


groh 


Ger 1/143 


hu-rust 


Leudh/281 




guftan 


Ghu 1/165 




Su 1/454 


farsang 




gumbat 


Geu 1/146 


hus 


Aus 2/41 


Fra-sanga/134 


gunah 


Nek 1/327 


hu-sangh 




farvahr 


Wer 3/516 


gung 


Gang/ 137 




Gwhen 1/182 


farvartin 


Wer 3/516 


gurg 


Wei 2/510 


hu-srov 


Kleu 1/240 


farzanak 


Gno/168 


gursak 


Vrsa/494 








Per 1/364 


gursakTh 


Vrsa/494 




I 


framustan Mer 3/306 


gursTtan 


Vrsa/494 




fra-pTh 


Pel/355 


gurt 


Gurdos/170 


im 


I 2/195 


fraron 


Ardha/33 


gurtak 


Wer 2/514 






fray 


Pel 1/359 


gushn 


Eres 1/130 




J 


freh 


Pel 1/359 


gusn-asp 


Eres 1/130 




freh-est 


Pel 1/359 


gw'zn 


Guysna/1 71 


jagar 


Yekwer/533 


frot 


Per 1/364 


gyan 


Dheye/102 


jakar 
jan 


Yekwer/533 
Dheye/102 




G 




H 


jav 
J6T 


Ieuo/196 
Yau/532 


ganj 


Gzn/188 


hamahl 


Sem 1/411 


joysn 


Yeu 3/536 


gantum 


Gantuma/137 


hambag 


Bhag/51 


jujag 


Ang/2 6 


gar 1 


Gwer 4/181 


ham-ema 


Sem 1/411 




Dus/113 


gar 2 


Garenu/137 


hamestagan 


junbTtan 


Gwa/1 73 


gar-amTk 


Gwer 2/179 




Smeit/430 






garuk 


Gwer 3/180 


hamestar 


Smeit/430 




K 


gasta 


Gwedh/1 74 


hamogen 


Geu 1/14 6 




gatan 


Gweie/176 


ham-toxtan 


kac 


Kaz/216 


gavazan 


Guysna/1 71 




Steu 2/452 


kac 


Kaz/216 


gehan 


Gwei/175 


handacak 


Teku 1/4 68 


kaf 


Kafa/202 


gete 


Gwei/175 


handam 


Dhe 2/94 


Kafs 


Kafs/203 


getTk 


Gwei/175 


handes 


Dheye/102 


kagad 


Kagas/204 


gilak 


Gal/ 13 6 


han-dozh 


Steu 2/452 


kah 


Kuatos/254 


givak 


Ei/118 


han-vext-an 


kah-rupati 


givak-rop 


Ei/118 




Weik 1/505 




Kuatos/254 




Raup/385 


hasar 


Se 2/404 




Leup/283 


giyak 


Ei/118 


hasr 


Se 2/404 


kal-pad 


Ku 1/253 


gohar 


Gotra/169 


havan 


Havana/189 




Ped/354 


gon 


Geu 1/14 6 


haxt 


Skeng/423 


kam 


Ka 1/201 


gorgan 


Wei 2/510 


hayTk 


Aw/43 


kanar 


Sker 1/424 


gort 


Gurdos/170 


hec 


I 2/195 


kanasya 


Kel 3/221 


gray 


Gredh/1 69 


hostubar 


Stebh/446 


kandak 


Gwhen 1/183 



693 



Pahlavi 

K - N 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



kanicak Ken/224 

kanik Ken/224 

kantan Gwhen 1/183 
kapast Kapastay/210 
kapTc Kap/210 

kapik Kup 2/256 

kapot Kavuta/215 

kapotar Kavuta/215 
kapul Kapul/211 

kapur Karpurah/213 
kar-cang Kar 1/212 
karic Ker 4/228 

karpu Kahrpu/204 

karsift Oku/343 

Pet 1/370 
katak Ket/232 

kay Keu 3/233 

kayos Keu 3/233 

ke So/433 

kes Tkaesa/480 

kilTsyTak Kel 3/221 
kistan Kwel/2 60 

kTsvar Karsvar/214 
kof Geu 1/14 7 

kor Kur/25 7 

kost Kost/245 

krpwk Kahrpu/204 

kulaf Kel 2/220 

kun Keu 2/232 

kunduruk Kand 1/209 
kurpak Kel 2/220 
kvart Ksudros/252 



lab 
larz 



Lab/2 74 
Lrg/285 



M 

madhax Madhaxa/287 
madiyanag Ma/286 

magas Mako/290 

magu Maghl/288 

magu-pat Maghl/288 
maig Madhaxa/287 
makas Mako/290 

man Dem/86 

mand Menth/304 

mansr Men 1/301 
man-stan Men 2/303 
masa Mer 2/305 

mask Masakah/291 
masyanag Mer 2/305 
masyoi Mer 2/305 
matak Ma/286 

matar Ma/286" 

matax Madhaxa/287 
maxs Mako/290 

mayag Ma/286 

mayazd Mei 1/296 
maz Mei 1/296 

mazax Madhaxa/287 
mazg Mozgo/312 

meh Meg/ 295 

memsm Men 1/301 
merv Merega/306 

mTg Meig/298 

mor Morwi/311 

morcag Morwi/311 
moy Moudh/311 

moyak Moudh/311 
mozag Meuk/309 

mucak Meuk/309 

mudar Mura/314 

mudrak Mura/314 

muhr Mura/314 

murdyanag 

Mer 2/305 



murg Merega/306 

MurvarTt 

Murvarlt/315 
must Moudh/311 

mutak Mew/309 

mutrak Mura/314 



N 



na-ap Ab 1/1 

nab Nepot/330 

nacuk Nog/338 

namac Wem 1/329 

namac Wem 2/329 
namat Nemata 2/329 

namb Nebh/323 

namr Namra/318 

namrak Namra/318 

nan Nagan/318 

narkis Ner 2/332 

narm Namra/318 

narmak Namra/318 

nasa Afeic 1/32 7 

nasay Afeic 1/32 7 

nask Ned/324 

naum Newn/333 

navasdah Dekm/84 

nax Naks/318 

naxun Nogh/338 

nayrig Ner 1/331 

naz Nog/338 

nem Naema/31 7 

nes Weics/32 7 

nes-tar Der 1/89 
Weics/32 7 

nev Wei 1/325 

nev-ak Wei 1/325 

nezak Naeza/318 

ni-as Oicw/343 

nibeg Peig/356 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Pahlavi 

N - S 

Root/Page 



nibistan 

nigayisn 

ni-gosag 

nihuftan 

ni-kun 

nipek 

nipistan 

nis 

nTtan 

nTved 

niyak 

niyakan 

niyaz 



Peig/356 

Gei/138 

Ous 1/347 

Gwou/187 

Geu 1/14 6 

Peig/356 

Peig/356 

Okw/343 

Nei 2/326 

Newo/334 

Nyaka/341 

Nyaka/341 

Angh/2 7 



o 

oftatan Pet 1/370 
omand Menth/304 
omed Men 2/303 

6-pat-an Ab 1/1 

Pa/349 
6-statan En/124 



pa Per 3/366 

Upo/489 
pad Per 3/366 

Upo/489 
pa-dam Dhe 2/94 

pad-en-dastan 

Dher 1/98 
padiraftan Per 3/367 
pa-dTt Dheye/102 

pahlug Perk 2 /369 
pahrezisn 

Leigh 2/277 
paiti-dahisn Do 2/109 
paitis Per 3/366 

palutan Leu/280 



pambak Pambak/351 

panbak Pambak/351 

panum Dhe 2/94 

pap Pa/350 

Papak Pa/350 

parak Per 4/368 

pardag Pele/361 

parer Ayer/44 
par-hextan 

Leigh 2/277 

parTk Parika/351 

pari-sp Kwei 2/259 
parmutan Mew/309 

pasban Spek/436 

pasnak Persna/369 

passaxv Kas 2/214 

pasux Kas 2/214 

pat Per 3/366 
Upo/489 

patT-fras Perk 1 /368 

patirak Per 3/367 

patkar Per 3/367 

pat-lutan Leu/280 

patyarak Per 3/367 

paver Wei 1/509 

payos Bheudh/65 

paz Pekw/358 

pes Per 3/366 

pexak Piko/372 

pTh Pei/355 

porsitan Perk 1 /368 

Pos Pos/375 

post Wes 3/521 

poy Peud/371 

pudag Pu 4/378 

puhl Per 2/365 

purs Perk 1 /368 

pusag Puk/378 

pusTtan Pu 4/378 

putak PU 4/378 



puxtag Pekw/358 

R 

raba R.b.b/385 

rad Ar/32 

rag Eres 1/130 

rahg Eres 1/130 

rang Reg 3/388 

ranj Lang/272 

ranz Lang/272 

ras Ret/392 

rasan Rek/390 

reg Raika/385 

reman Er 1/12 6 

res Uroiks/491 

resak Uroiks/491 

rextan Leigh 2/277 

rist Leith/2 78 
rist-axez Leith/278 
Suig/457 

rTtan Er 1/12 6 

rodTk Reudh 1/394 

rogn Reughmen/394 

rop 1 Le up/2 8 3 

rop 2 iRaup/385 

ropet Raup/385 

rostak Leudh/281 

rot 1 iReuto/395 

rot 2 Ser 2/425 

rovn Reughmen/394 

roy Reudh 1/394 

rrz Lrg/285 

ruvan Urvan/491 



sagal 

sah 

sak 



Srgala/443 

Ksei 1/248 

Kwon/2 68 



Pahlavi 

s - v 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


sal 


Kel 1/220 


singiber 


Ker 1/22 6 


Taxi 


Taxi/ 4 67 


salak 


Kel 1/220 


sTp 


Ksip/251 


Taxlik 


Taxi/ 4 67 


saman 


Klem/239 


skeb 


Skaif/421 


tihTk 


Teus/478 


Samser 


Sfsyr/419 


sok 


Teub/478 


tirft 


Terp/4 75 


san 


Gwhen 1/182 


soxvan 


Kas 2/214 


tisn 


Ters/476 


sanak 


Kes 2/231 


sparm 


Spereg/438 


tisnak 


Ters/476 


sancdah 


Dekm/84 


spas 


Spek/436 


titar 


Teter/476 


sang 


Ak/12 


speg 


Spereg/438 


toxtan 


Kwei 2/259 


sanga-vTr 


Ker 1/22 6 


spihr 


Kuei/254 


tuhTk 


Teus/478 


sang-gil 


Ak/12 




Spher/44 


turus 


Ster 3/450 


sapuk 


Trep 1/482 


spis 


Spis/ 441 






sar 


Sper/437 


spoxtan 


Peuk/372 




u 


sarb 


Surmenu/458 


spoz 


Peuk/372 




sarmak 


Kel 1/220 


spozed 


Peuk/372 


ud 


I 2/195 


sart 


Kel 1/220 


spynj 


Spongo /441 


uparo-kusta-pam 


sartak 


Kerd 2/229 


sresk 


Sresk/442 




Kost/245 


saruk 


Klou-ni/242 


sris 


Klis/241 


upayat 


Ei/118 


sarv 


Surmenu/458 


srosh 


Kleu 1/240 


urt-vahist 


Ar/31 


sastar 


Kas 2/214 


srpTn 


Sru 3/443 


urvar 


Bheu 3/64 


sastareh 


Kas 2/214 


sruben 


Sru 3/443 


uskar 


Sek/409 


satr 


Ksei 1/248 


stapr 


Stebh/446 


uskard 


Sek/409 


satri-var 


Wei 1/509 


stawr 


Stebh/446 


uzvan 


Dinghw/107 


sawsan 


Sosen/435 


stayTtan 


Steu 1/451 






saxt 


Ak/12 


suk 


Teub/478 




V 




Kak 1/204 


sukur 


Sukurna/458 




sayfur 


Sypwr/4 63 


sulak 


Keu 2/232 


va-car 


Aba/4 


sayTtan 


Ksei 1/248 


sumb 1 


Kapho/211 




Kwel/2 60 


seb 


Ksip/251 


sumb 2 


Keu 2/232 


vafr 


Wep/513 


sej 


Tiegu/479 


sur 


Keu 4/234 


vah-ak 


Wes 5/522 


sen-murv 


Merega/306 


surak 


Keu 2/232 


vahanak 


Wes 3/521 


sepak 


Swei/459 


sus 


Kwes/2 64 


vahar 


Aus 2/41 


ser 


Srira/443 


susan 


Sosen/435 


vajarg 


Weg 2/500 


ser 


Ksei 1/248 


sut 


Sav 1/401 


valg Varekahe/492 


sevan 


Xsi 1/529 


sutan 


Kei 2/218 


vamTtan 


Wem/512 


Sfsyr 


Sfsyr/419 


Sypsyr 


Sfsyr/419 


van 


Wen/512 


sTb 


Ksip/251 






vana-vasak Aueg/4 


sTkdah 


Dekm/84 




T 




Wen/512 


sTm 


Ne 1/322 




vang 


Wekw/508 




Sema/413 


Taburak 


Taburak/ 4 64 


vanTtan 


Wen/512 


sTmen 


Sema/413 


tanur 


Tanur/ 466 


varag 


Weren/518 



Pahlavi 

v - z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Roo 


t/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


vara-gna 


Weren/518 


vTgras 


Ger 


3/145 


xist 


Aidh/9 


varan 


Wed/ 4 97 


vTmar 


Me 


2/294 


xombak 


Geu 1/147 


varavistan 


Wei 1/509 


vinah 


Nek 


1/327 


xrafstar 


Kwer/2 63 


varaz 


Varaza/492 


vinas 


Nek 


1/327 


xrat 


Kar 1/212 


vard 


Wrdho/52 6 


vTr 


Wei 


2/503 


xros 


Ker 3/22 7 


varda 


Wrdho/52 6 


vTsag 


Wei 


1/502 


xrusTten 


Ker 3/22 7 


vare-gna 


Weren/518 


vTsak 


Wei 


1/502 


xuft 


Swep/4 62 


varen-zar 


Weren/518 


visatan 


Se 


1/404 


xvan 


Xvaini/530 


varg Varekahe/492 


vi-starak 


Ster 


1/449 


xvantan 


Swen/4 61 


varhram 


Wer 3/516 


vi-startan 


Ster 


1/449 


xvaris 


Swel 1/4 61 


varisn 


Wei 3/511 


voi 




Aw/43 


xvartan 


Swel 1/4 61 


vantan 


Wed/ 4 97 


v-rextan 






xvastan 


Swad/459 


varm 1 


Var/492 




Leigh 


2/2 77 


xvastan 


Xad/528 


varm 2 


Wei 2/503 


vusn 


Eres 


1/130 


xvat 


Seu 1/417 


varm kartan 








xvatay 


Ai w/1 1 




Wei 2/503 




w 






Ghu 1/165 


varrak 


Weren/518 






Xvatay 


Seu 1/417 


vars 


Wei 2/510 


wigrad 


Ger 


3/145 


xves 


Seu 1/417 


vart 


Wrdho/52 6 


wTzardan 


Kwel/2 60 


xwab 


Swep/4 62 


vartak 1 


Vareta/493 


wi-zarisn 




Wi/523 






vartak 2 


Wed/ 4 97 










Y 


vas 


Wek/507 




X 






vassz 


Webh/497 






yacdah 


Dekm/84 


vastr 


Wes 4/521 


Xak 


Xak/528 




I 2/195 


vastrius 


Wes 4/521 


xak-astar 


Ster 


1/449 


yairka 


Ei/119 


vas-yar 


Wek/507 


xandan 


Gwhen 


1/183 


yak 


1 2/195 


vat 


Bata/46 


xanTg 


Gwhen 


1/183 


yakand 




vatak 


Wem/512 


xar 


Et 


er/132 


Hyakinthos/193 


vat-as 


Ak/12 




Kar 


1/212 


yam 


Y em/ 534 


vaxs-war 


Wekw/508 


xar 


Kar 


1/212 


yamak 


Yds/538 


vay 


Aw/43 


xar-bara 


Kar 


1/212 


yam-sTt 


Y em/ 534 


vayandak 


Aw/43 


xar-buz 


Kar 


1/212 


yasak 


Ya/531 


vazTtan 


Weg 2/500 


xastak 


Xad/528 


yat 


Y em/ 534 


vazr 


Weg 2/500 


xastan 


Suig/457 


yave-tan 


Ai w/1 1 


ven-ag 


Dheye/102 


xayak 




Aw/43 


yoT 


Yau/532 


ven-ak 


Dheye/102 


xayak-bar 


Aw/43 






venTk i 


Jaena 1/492 


xayak-bar 


Aw/43 




z 


vet 


Wei 1/502 




Bher 1/58 




vhat-cak 


Wet/ 522 


xezistan 


Suig/457 


za-ap 


Ab 1/1 


vicir 


Wi/523 


xTm 


Ha 


em/189 


zafr 


Gwebh 1/174 



Pahlavi 


z - Z 




WORD 


Root/Page 


zatuk 


Ya/531 


zivandak 


Gwei/175 


zivastan 


Gwei/175 


zot 


Gheu 1/162 


zre 


Glei/167 


zrih 


Ghlad/163 


zur 


Ghuel/166 


zuzag 


Ang/2 6 




Dus/113 


zuzag 


Ang/2 6 




Dus/113 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Pali 

s - s 

Root/Page 



Pali 



sakkara Korki/243 
singivera Ker 1/22 6 



Parthian 

G - T 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Parthian 



Gzn Gzn/188 



tndwr Ten 2/472 



700 



Persian 

A - A 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Persian 


AdrTatTk 
afandT 


Ater/37 
Autos/42 


agol 
agur 


Gheugh/1 63 
Agurru/7 




A 


afandan 


Prl/377 


Ahan 


Aios/10 




afann 


Apo/29 


ahang 


Ten 1/471 


-a- 


Apo/29 




Prl/377 


ahTxtan 


Ten 1/471 


a- 


Apo/29 


afdom 


Apo/29 


ahnman 


Ens/125 


a- 


Apo/29 


afkandan 


Ambhi/21 




Men 1/301 


Aaras 


Leuk/282 




Gwhen 1/184 


ahsan 


H.s.n/192 


ab 


Ab 1/1 


afrastan 


Ambhi/21 


ahu 1 


Oku/343 




Ab 1/2 




Reg 1/387 


ahu2 


Ahu/8 


Abadan 


Pa/349 


afruxtan 


Ambhi/21 


Ahuramazda An 1/24 


abar 


Upo/490 




Leuk/282 




Dhe 2/94 


aberu 


Ab 1/2 


afsandan 


Ambhi/21 


Ahuramazda 


abestan 


Pou/376 




Fsan/135 




Men 1/302 




Ten 1/472 


afsaneh 


Kens/225 


am 


Dheye/102 


abnTk 


Ab 1/1 


afsantm 


Kwen 1/2 61 


ajor 


Agurru/7 




Nei 1/325 


afsar 


Ambhi/21 


ajr 


Agaru/6 


abnus 


Hebni/190 


afsar 


Ambhi/21 


-ak 


Akos/13 


abr 


Nebh/323 


afsardan 


Xsarta/529 




Kak 3/205 


abr-amun 


Amon/23 


afshan 


Fsan/135 


ak 


Agh/7 


abramun 


Nebh/323 


afsTn 


Ksei 1/248 


ak 


Agh/7 


abnsam 


Rei 2/389 


afsordan 


Kel 1/220 


akandan 


Gwhen 1/184 


abrTz 


Ab 1/1 


afsoreh 


Xsarta/529 


aknun 


Newo/334 


abru 


Bhru 1/67 


afsun 


Ambhi/21 


akordTon 


Kerd 1/229 


absal 


Kel 1/220 




Fsan/135 


akrobat 


Ak/12 


AbtTn 


Atos/38 


afsus 


Ambhi/21 


akustTk 


Keu 3/233 


abu 


Ab 2/3 




Keuk 1/235 


akvab 


Geu 1/147 


abzar 


Geu 2/147 


aftab 


Ab 1/2 


akvanum 


Akwa/14 




Ghei 2/154 




Tep/4 73 


al 


El 2/122 


ab-zTn 


Ghei 2/154 


afzar 


Geu 2/147 


alaleh 


Lai/ 2 72 


acar 


Ak/12 




Ghei 2/154 


aleh 


Akwa/14 


adab 


Dub/ 111 


afzudan 


Ambhi/21 


Alexandr 


Alek/19 


adabiyyat 


Dub/ 111 




Geu 2/147 


alfalfa 


Al 3/17 


Adam 


Adhamah/5 


agah 


Kwek/2 60 


algoritm 


Al 3/17 


adams 


Adhamah/5 


agar 


Sek/408 




Ghdhem/150 


admen 


Dheye/102 




Sem 1/411 




Su 1/455 


admTral 


A' .m.r/23 


agar 


Gherto/160 


alguneh 


El 2/122 


admiral 


Al 3/17 


agar 


Gherto/160 


alTz 


Leig/2 76 


ad res 


Reg 1/387 


agandan 


Gherto/160 


alTzTdan 


Leig/2 76 


Ad nan 


Ater/37 


agestan 


Gherto/160 


alkalT 


Al 3/17 



701 



Persian 

A - A 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



alkol Al 3/17 

K.h. 1/236 
Allah Layh/274 

almas Dema/8 7 

aludan Leu/280 

alummiyom Alu/20 
Alvand Er 1/12 6 

-am Es 2/131 

am A* .m.m/22 

amadan Gwa/l 72 

amanat A.m.n/22 

Amanoel A\m. m/22 
amar Mer 1/304 

amazon Magh 2/289 
Magh 2/289 
ambor Bher 1/59 

amen A.m.n/22 

amTxtan Meig/298 

ammareh A' .m.r/23 
amn A.m.n/22 

amoleh Amalaka/20 
amordad Mer 2/305 
amorzTdan Mel g/ 300 
amr A', m.r/23 

amu A* .m.m/22 

amudan Amon/23 

amuxtan Meug/308 
amuzandan Meug/308 
an An 2/24 

AnahTta Ahu/8 

anahTta Ne 1/321 

analm Nei 1/326 

anar Naranga/319 
Nor/ 34 
anbag Bhag/51 

Sem 1/411 
anbar A.n.b/25 

anbar Pel 1/359 

anbast Bhendh/57 
anbastan Sem 1/411 



anbaz Bhag/51 

Sem 1/411 
anbTq Ab 1/1 

Nei 1/325 
anbor Ambhi/21 

anbub N.b.b/320 

andam Dhe 2/94 

Sem 1/411 
andar An 2/24 

En/124 

Ter 1/474 
andarva We 1/496 

andarz Dher 1/98 

Sem 1/412 
andaxtan Sem 1/411 
Teku 1/4 68 
andazeh Teku 1/4 68 
andTsTdan Dheye/102 
andudan Dheu 3 /101 

Sem 1/412 
anduh Dheu 2/100 

Sem 1/412 
anduhgm Dheu 2/100 
anduxtan steu 2/452 
anfast Bhendh/57 

anfluanza Bhel/55 
ang Embhi/123 

angabTn Pel/355 

Angelyun Agaru/6 

Su 1/456 
angTxtan Sem 1/412 
Weik 1/505 
angost Ang/ 26 

angzeh Gwhen 2/185 
anjam Gwa/l 72 

Sem 1/412 
anjTdan Kwei 2/259 
anjoman Gwa/l 72 

Sem 1/412 
anod Sed/4 05 



AnosTravan 

Ous 1/346 
anten Ten 1/472 

antTmoan Al 3/17 
anuseh Ne 1/321 

anuseh Ous 1/346 
anzTm Yeu 3/536 

a'ort Wer 6/517 

apadana Apo/29 

Dhe 2/94 
apsan Ghei 2/154 
apyun Swekwo/460 
aqab A* .q.b/30 

aqrab A.q.r/31 

ar 1 As/35 

ar2 *Awar/43 

Arab A\b.r/4 

araek Kei 4/219 

Arak Al 1/15 

aram Rem/390 

Aran Al 1/15 

Araq Al 1/15 

araq A.r.q/34 

arask Eres 1/130 
arastan Ar/31 

ard Al 2/16 

ard Ar/31 

Ar/31 
Ardalan Al 1/15 

Ar/31 
Ardavan Ar/31 

Pa/349 
ArdesTr Ar/31 

ardesTr Ksei 1/248 
arenj El 3 /122 

arezu Bhergh/62 

argandeh Er 1/127 
arghanun 

Werg 1/519 
art En/124 



702 



Persian 

A - B 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 




Wei 1/509 


asTr 


Aidh/9 




Per 3/366 


ang 


Er 1/126 


AsTya 


Asu /36 


avareh 


Al 4/18 


ankeh 


Kei 4/219 


asiyab 


Ak/12 


Avesta 


We id/504 


ArTya 


Al 1/15 


asTyaneh 


Kweye/2 66 


avTxtan 


Weik 1/505 


arj 


Algwh/20 


ask 


Akru/14 


ax 


Agh/7 


Arjasp 


Algwh/20 


askar 


Ous 1/346 


ax 


Agh/7 




Ekwos/121 


asm 


An 1/24 


axor 


Swel 1/4 61 


arog 


Reug/394 


asman 


Ak/12 


axtar 


Apank/28 


arrabeh 


Ar/32 




Men 1/301 


axund 


Swen/4 61 


arradeh 


Ret/392 


asoftan 


Kseubh/250 


az 


Sekw/410 


arreh 


Srisa/443 


aspast 


Ed/ 117 


azad 


Gene 1/141 


ars 


Akru/14 




Ekwos/121 


azan 


Ag/5 


Arsam 


Ome/344 


ast 1 


Es 2/131 


azans 


Ag/5 




Rk-tho/396 


ast2 


Ost/346 


azar 


Ater/37 


Arsan 


Eres 1/130 


astam 


Stomen/453 


azar 


Gher 1/158 


Arsasp 


Ekwos/121 


astan 


Es 2/131 


Azarbayejan Ater/37 




Eres 1/130 


astan 


Sta/444 


Azarbayjan Pa/349 


arsenTk 


Al 3/17 


astar 


Ekwos/121 


AzarmTdoxt 




Ghel/155 


astar 


Ag/5 




Dheugh/101 


arsTtekt 


Arxein/35 


astT 


Sta/444 




Ger 2/144 




Tex/4 79 


astTgmat 


Steig/448 


azarmTdoxt Ne 1/321 


arsTv 


Arxein/35 


astTn 


Ambhi/21 


azdan 


Gwhen 2/185 


artestar 


Ret/392 




Ghesto/161 


azdar 


Angwhi/2 7 




Sti/444 


asu 


Ar/31 


azg 


Aig-/9 


artTst 


Ar/32 


asub 


Kseubh/250 


azg 


Ozgho/348 


artotoz 


Ar/32 


atabak 


Bhag/51 


azTn 


Dheye/102 


Arvand 


Er 1/126 


atas 


Ater/37 


azTr 


Gwei/175 


arysnug 


El 3 /122 


AtlantTk 


Tel/ 4 69 


azm 


Ozgho/348 


arzan 


Ger 2/144 


atlas 


T.L.S/480 


azmaneh 


Gwa/1 72 


arzTz 


Arg/34 




Tel/ 4 69 


azmudan 


Me 2/293 


as 


Ak/12 




Tel/ 4 69 


azordan 


Gher 1/158 


as 


Ed/ 117 




Tel/ 4 69 






asansor 


Skand/422 


atmosfer 


Spher/44 




B 


asatTr 


We id/504 




We 1/496 




asb 


Ekwos/121 


atom 


Ne 1/322 


ba 


Pekw/358 


aseton 


Ak/12 


ava 


Wekw/508 


babl 


Pa/350 


asfalt Sphallein/439 


avam 


Ap 2/28 


bab2 


N.b.b/320 


asfalt 


Ne 1/322 


avang 


Weik 1/505 


bab3 


Baba/45 


asTd 


Ak/12 


avar 


' Awar/43 


babar 


Bher 4/60 


asTdan 


Neku/328 


avard 


Apo/29 


Babel 


N.b.b/320 



703 



Persian 

B - B 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


baceh 


Wet/ 52 2 


baleh 


Bhe/53 


barazandeh 


bad 


We 1/496 


bales 


Bhel/54 




Bhereg/61 


bad 1 


Bata/46 


balet 


Gwel 1/176 


barazTdan 


Bhereg/61 


bad 2 


Per 3/366 


balT 


Bhe/53 


barbat 


Baba/45 


badas 


Ak/12 


balTdan 


Ered/128 


bardeh 


Vareta/493 




We 1/496 


balkon 


Bhergh/62 


Bardiyeh 


Bhergh/62 


badeh 


Batiaxe/47 




Gwhen 1/183 


bareh 


Bher 1/58 


badengan 




balon 


Bhel/54 


barekat 


B.r.k/71 


Vat in 


-ganah/493 




Bhel/54 


barf 


Wep/513 


badenjan 




balsam 


Busma/72 


barg Varekahe/492 


Vat in 


-ganah/493 


balu 


Wer 6/517 


bargTn 


Wed/ 4 97 


badTyeh 


Batiaxe/47 


balut 


Balut/46 


bargostovan 


bad-nohur 


Sawel/402 


balva 


Bher 5/61 




Kost/245 


baftan 


Webh/497 


balx 


Apank/28 


band 


Bher 1/58 


bag 


Bhag/51 


bam 


Bamb/4 6 


barm 


Var/492 


bag 


Bhag/52 


bam 1 


Bha 1/49 




Wei 3/511 


Bagdad 


Bhag/51 


bam 2 


Wes 3/521 


barmanes 


Bhergh/62 




Do 2/109 


bamdad 


Bha 1/49 


barq 


B.r.q/71 


bag-stan 


Bhag/51 


ban 


Pa/349 


barreh 


Weren/518 


bagstan 


Sta/444 


ban 


Wen/512 


barsam 


Bhel/54 


bah 


Wes 1/520 


banafs 


Aueg/4 


baru 


Wer 3/516 


baha 


Wes 5/522 


banafseh 


Aueg/4 


barut 


Pel 3/360 


bahador 


Bhag/52 




Wen/512 


barx 


Bhag/51 




Dher 1/98 


banafsh 


Wen/ 512 


barz 


Werg 1/519 


baha-gTr 


Wes 5/522 


band 


Bhendh/57 


barzan 


Wer 3/516 


bahaneh 


Wes 3/521 


bandar 


Bhendh/57 


barzax 


An 1/24 


bahar 


Aus 2/41 




Dhwer/106 




Bhergh/62 


Bahman 


Men 1/301 


bandeh 


Bhendh/57 


barz-gar 


Werg 1/519 




Su 1/456 


bang 


Wekw/508 


barzoy 


Bhergh/62 


bahr 


Bhag/51 


bant 


B.n.v/70 


bas 


Wek/507 


Bahrain Gwhen 2/185 


banu 


Wes 3/521 


basam 


Busma/72 


bahram 


Wer 3/516 


bar 1 


Bher 1/58 


basan 


Gwa/1 73 


baj 


Bhag/51 


bar 1 


Wei 2/503 


basand 


Wek/507 


bak 


Bhag/51 


bar 2 


Bhergh/62 


basTdan 


Bheu 3/64 


bak 


Bhoi/67 




Upo/490 


bastan 


Bhendh/57 


bala 


Bhergh/62 


bar 2 


Wei 3/511 


bastar 


Ster 1/449 


balalayka 


Baba/45 


bar 3 


Per 2/365 


batzeh 


B.y.z/73 


bala-xaneh Bhergh/62 


baradar 


Bher 1/59 


bavar 


Upo/489 


balaxaneh 






Ter 3/475 




Wei 1/509 


Gwhen 1/183 


baran 


Wed/ 4 97 




Wer 1/514 



704 



Persian 

B - B 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


baxs 


Bhag/51 


benzTn 


L.b.n/2 74 


bod 


Per 3/366 


baxsTdan 


Bhag/51 


berehneh 


Bunai/72 


boland 


Bhergh/62 




Xsad/529 




Nogw/339 


bolur 


Velur/494 


baxt 


Bhag/51 


berelyan 


Velur/494 


bolvar 


Werg 1/519 


baxtan 


Weg 2/500 


berenj 1 


Berenza/4 7 


bomb 


Bamb/4 6 


baxtar 


Apank/28 


berenj 2 


Urigh/490 


bon 1 


Bhun/68 


bayad 


Ei/118 


beresteh 


Bher 2/59 


bon2 


Wen/512 


baygom 


Bhag/51 


berijab 


Bher 2/59 


boneh 


Bhun/68 




Umm/488 


beryan 


Bher 2/59 


bonyad 


Bhun/68 


bayt 


B.y. t/73 


besyar 


Wek/507 


boqceh 


Boqca/70 


bayug 


Wedh 1/498 


bT 


Apo/29 


bor 


Bher 3/60 


bayuganT 


Wedh 1/498 


bT- 


Bhe/53 


bordan 


Bher 1/58 


bayyaz 


B.y.z/73 


bTdar 


Ger 3/145 


bondan 


Bher 3/60 


bayza 


B.y.z/73 


bT-das-tar 


Da 1/78 


borna 


Ai w/1 1 


bayzT 


B.y.z/73 


bT-dastar 


Apo/29 




Ne 1/321 


baz 


Bhe/53 


BTdoxt 


Bhag/51 




Pel 1/359 




Bhengh/58 




Dheugh/101 


boru 


Bhru 1/67 




Wegh/501 


bTI 


Bher 3/60 


borz 


Bhergh/62 


bazar 


Aba/4 


bTm 


Bhoi/67 


bot 


Bheu 3/64 




Kwel/2 60 


bTmar 


Wi/523 




Pwt/379 


bazargan 


Aba/4 


bTmar 


Me 2/294 


bot-kadeh 


Pwt/379 


bazTdan 


Weg 2/500 


bTmeh 


Bhoi/67 


bovesh 


Bheu 3/64 


bazleh 


Bhag/52 


bTna 


Dheye/102 


boxt 


Bheug/65 


bazm 


Bhag/52 


bTnT 


Vaena 1/492 


boz 


Bhugo/68 


bazu 


Bhaghu /52 


bTs 1 


Dwo/115 


bozorg 


Weg 2/500 


be- 


Bhe/53 


bT§2 


Dwei/114 


brahman 


Bhergh/63 


bed 


Wei 1/502 




Weis/507 


bravo 


Baba/45 


bedrud 


Deru 1 /91 


bTseh 


Wei 1/502 


bronsTt 


Gwer 3/180 




Upo/489 


bTskuTt 


Pekw/358 


bronz 


Berenza/4 7 


beh 


Su 1/456 


bTst 


Wi/523 


buda 


Bheudh/65 




Upo/489 


bTstun 


Bhag/51 


budan 


Bheu 3/64 


be[h] 


Per 3/366 


bTvar 


Byurru/73 


budjeh 


Bhel/54 


behest 


Isto/197 


BTvarasp 


Byurru/73 


bulvar 


Bhel/54 




Su 1/456 




Ekwos/121 


bum 1 


Beu 1/48 


bejoz 


Bhe/53 


bTveh 


Weidh/505 


bum 2 


Bheu 3/64 


bekr 


B.k.r/69 


bTxtan 


Weik 1/505 


bummahan 


BelqTs 


Parika/351 


bTyusandeh 




Bheu 3/64 


bent 


B.n.v/70 




Bheudh/65 


buq 


Beu 2/48 


BenyamTn 


B.n.v/70 


bTyusTdan 


Bheudh/65 


bur 


Bher 4/60 




Y.m.n/537 


blunt 


Kund/255 


bureh 


Bher 4/60 



705 



Persian 

B - D 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


burzua 


Bhergh/63 


carm 


Sek/408 


dah 


Dekm/84 


bus 


Bu/72 


carmen 


Kel 4/222 


dahan 


Geph/142 


bu-stan 


Bheudh/65 


carx 


Kwel/2 60 


dahr 


D.v.r/114 


butTk 


Dhe 2/95 


casbTdan 


Kap/210 


dahreh 


Da 1/78 


bu-tTmar 


Beu 1/48 


casTdan 


Kwek/2 60 


DalTleh 


D. 1.1/108 


buy 


Bheudh/65 


casm 


Kwek/2 60 


dam 


De 1/80 


buyeh 


Bhou/67 


cast 


Kwek/2 60 




Dema/87 


buy-yTdan 


Bheudh/65 


catr 


Sked 2/422 


dam 


Dhem/97 


buzTneh 


Ab 2/3 


cay 


C'a/74 


dama 


Dhem/97 




Z.n.y/541 


ceh 


Kwo/2 67 


damad 


Geme/140 






cehreh 


Skai/421 




Ter 3/475 




c 


cera 


Ar/32 


Damavanc 


Dhem/97 




cerag 


Cirag/75 




Dumb/ 112 


cabok 


Trep 1/482 


cTdan 


Kwei 2/259 


damTdan 


Dhem/97 


cador 


Sked 2/422 


cTlan 


Skhai/427 


dan 


Dhe 2/94 


cafteh 


Kam 2/207 


cTlangar 


Skhai/427 


dan 


Dhen/97 


cah 


Gwhen 1/183 


cTr 


Cirya/76 


dan 


Gno/168 


cak 


Ksei 1/248 


cTz 


Kwo/2 67 


danan 


Dhen/97 


cakad 


Keku/219 


copoq 


Cop/ 7 7 


dandan 


Denk/8 7 


cakkos 


Keku/219 


cost 


Skeud 1/426 


dandeh 


Denk/8 7 


calak 


Kwel/2 60 


cowgan 


Cop/ 7 7 


daneh 


Dhe 1 /93 


cales 


Kwel/2 60 


cub 


Cop/ 7 7 


danestan 


Gno/168 


calTdan 


Kwel/2 60 


cud 


Gwou/187 


dang 


Dhe 1 /93 


calTpa 


Saliba/400 


cun 


Kwo/267 


damdan 


Dhen/97 


camedan 


Yds/538 


cupan 


Pek/357 


Danub 


Da 2/79 


camTdan 1 Kam 2/207 






Danyal 


Layh/2 73 


camTdan 2 




D 


daqal 


Daqal/79 




Kwen 2/2 62 




dar 


Dhwer/106 


cand 


Kwo/2 67 


dabestan 


Dub/ 111 


dar 1 


D.v.r/114 


caneh 


Genu 2/142 


dabTr 


Dub/ 111 


dar 2 


Deru 1 /91 


cang 


Keg/ 21 7 


dad 


Denk/8 7 


-dar 3 


Dher 1/98 


cans 


Kad 2/202 


dad 


Dhe 2/94 


darabgard 


Dher 1/98 


cap 


Kam 2/207 


dadan 


Do 2/109 


darabzm 




capan 


Kam 2/207 


dadar 


Do 2/109 


Kwetwer/265 


capeh 


Kam 2/207 


dadeh 


Atos/38 




Ped/354 


caqu 


Keku/219 




Dhedh 2/95 


darb 


Dhwer/106 


cardeh 


Ker 4/228 


daf 


Deru 1 /91 


darband 


Bhendh/57 


careh 


Kwer/2 63 




Dub/ 111 




Dhwer/106 


candan 


Kwel/2 60 


daftar 


Deph/88 


darbar 


Wei 3/511 


carlatan 


Car/74 


dag 


Dhogh/104 


dard 


Der 1/89 



706 



Persian 

D - D 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


daridan 


Der 1/89 


degar 


Dwo/115 


dTs 


Deik/82 


Darius 


Dher 1/98 


deh2 


Dhis/103 


dTv 


Dei/81 




Su 1/456 


deh3 


Do 2/109 


dTvan 


Dub/ 111 


dariyeh 


Deru 1 /91 


dehat 


Dhis/103 


dTvaneh 


Dei/81 


darkub 


Deru 1 /91 


dehgan 


Dhis/103 


dTvar 


Dheigh/96 


darman 


Dher 1/98 


dehxoda 


Dhis/103 




Wer 3/516 


darreh 


Der 1/89 


Dejleh 


Steig/448 


dTyabet 


Dwo/115 


daru 


Deru 1 /91 


deka- 


Dekm/84 


dTyafragm 


Dwo/115 




Dher 1/98 


dekor 


Dek/83 


DTyaleh 


Steig/448 


darun 


Der 2 /90 


del 


Kerd 1/229 


dTyalTz 


Dwo/115 


daruneh 


Deru 1 /91 


demokras 


" 


dTyalTz 


Leu/280 


darvTs 


Dregh/110 




Kar 1/212 


dTz 


Deik/82 


darya 


Glei/167 


derafs 


Der 1/89 


do 


Dwo/115 


darz 


Dher 1/98 


deram 




dojTn 


Dekm/84 


darzan 


Dher 1/98 


Dr as soman/ 1 1 


doktor 


Dek/83 


darzT 


Dher 1/98 


derang 


Del/86 


dolfTn 


Gwelbh/177 


darzman 


Dher 1/98 


deraxt 


Deru 1 /91 


dolmeh 


Dolmak/109 




Men 1/301 


deraz 


Del/86 


dom 


Dumb/ 112 


das 


Da 1/78 


dero 


Der 1/89 


domal 


Dumb/ 112 


dasan 


Do 2/109 


desT- 


Dekm/84 


donb 


Dumb/ 112 


dasn 


Dek/83 


devTst 


Dekm/85 


donbak 


Dumb/ 112 


dast 


Ghesto/161 




Dwo/115 


donbal 


Dumb/ 112 


dast 


Dek/83 


dez 


Dheigh/96 


donbalan 


Dumb/ 112 


dastan 


Dhe 2/94 


dez-pol 


Dheigh/96 


donbeh 


Dumb/ 112 


dastan 


Dher 1/98 


dT 


Ghdies/151 


dord Tartaros/466 


dastur 


Dhe 2/94 


dTba 


Dei/81 


dorga 


Deru 1 /91 


dav 


Da 1/78 




Zay/539 


doroskeh 




davar 


Dhe 2/94 


dTbaceh 


Dub/ 111 


Dhragh 1/105 


davTdan 


Dheu 1/99 


dTdan 


Dheye/102 


dorost 


Deru 1 /91 


dav-talab 


Da 1/78 


dTfterT 


Deph/88 


dorost 


Dhars/93 


daxmeh 


Dhogh/104 


dTg 


Dheigh/96 


dorud 1 


Deru 1 /91 


daxs 1 


Dek/83 


dTgar 


Dwo/115 


dorud 2 


Deru 1 /91 


daxs 2 


Dhogh/104 


dTktator 


Deik/82 


dorudan 


Der 1/89 


day 


Do 2/109 


dTkteh 


Deik/82 


dorudgar 


Deru 1 /91 




Ghei 1/153 


dTm 


Dheye/102 


dorug 


Dhreugh/1 05 


daye 


Dhe 1 /93 


dTmeh 


Dheye/102 


dorvand 


Dhreugh/1 05 


dayeh 


Dhe 1 /93 


dm 1 


Dheye/102 


dosman 


Dus/113 


day htm 


De 1/80 


dm 2 


Dinu/108 




Men 1/301 




Dwo/115 


dmar 


Dekm/84 


dosnam 


Dus/113 


dayn 


Dinu/108 


dTr 


Del/86 




Nomn/34 



707 



Persian 


D - F 




WORD 


Root/Page 


dospTh 


Pel/355 


dosvar 


Dus/ 113 




Eter/132 


dosxar 


Dus/ 113 


dosyad 


Dus/ 113 




Yem/534 


dowr 


D.v.r/114 


doxtar 


Dheugh/101 




Ter 3/475 


dozd 


Dus/ 113 


dozpTh 


Dus/ 113 


dozxTm 


Dus/ 113 




Haem/189 


drafsTdan 






Ksei 2/249 


draxsTdan 






Ksei 2/249 


dud 


Dheu 2/100 


dudeh 


Dheu 2/100 


dudman 


Dem/86 




Dheu 2/100 


dug 


Dheugh/101 


duk 


Dhus/106 


dul 


Der 1/89 


dul-band 


Bhendh/57 


dull 


Kund/255 


dur 


Deu 2/92 


dus 


Deu 1/92 


dus 


Deuk/92 


dus 


Dous/110 


dusTdan 


Dheugh/101 


dusTzeh 


Dheugh/101 


dust 


Geus/148 


duxtan 1 


Deuk/92 


duxtan 2 


Dheugh/101 


duzax 


An 1/24 




Dus/ 113 


duzTdan 


Deuk/92 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



E 

eblTs Dwo/115 

eblTs Gwel 1/176 

ebn B.n.v/70 
Ebne-STna B.n.v/70 

EbrahTm Ab 2/3 

ebranT A* .b.r/4 

ebn A\b. r/4 

ebrTq Ab 1/1 
Leigh 2/277 

ebtekar B.k.r/69 

EdrTs Ner 1/331 

eflas Gwel 2/177 

efrTt Apo/29 
Prl/377 

egteraf Gh.r. f/l 65 

ehram H.r.m/192 

ehya H.y.y/193 

ejareh Agaru/6 

Ekbatan Gwa/1 72 

Ekbatan Sem 1/412 

eksTr Ksero/250 

ekzema Yes/534 

Elyas Layh/2 73 

em I 2/195 

emarat A' .m.r/23 
engardan Kwer/2 62 

engastan Sem 1/411 

EngelTs Ang/2 6 

enjTI Agaru/6 

enkar Ne 1/321 

eqlTm Klei/239 

erfan A\r.f/33 

esans Es 2/131 

esel Skand/422 

Esfahan Kwon/2 68 

esfand Kwen 1/2 61 
EsfandTyar Do 2/109 
Kwen 1/2 61 

esfanj Spongo /441 



esferaj Spereg/438 
Es-haq z.h.k/54 
eskam Reuto/395 
Eskandar Alek/19 
Eskandar Ner 1/331 
eskeleh Skand/422 
eskenas Sekw/410 

eskT Sek/409 

Esma'TI S.m. 'a/430 
espargam 

Spereg/438 
esparud Spereg/438 
espenax 

Spinaki on/440 
esrag Clrag/75 

establ Sta/445 

estabrak Stebh/44 6 
estandard Kar 1/212 
Sta/445 
estart Ster 3/450 
estaxr Sta/444 

esteratezT Ag/5 

Ster 1/449 

esterTITzeh 

Ster 4/451 
estenyo Ster 3/450 
eter Aidh/9 

etTket Steig/448 

ezdeha Angwhi/2 7 
ezdehak Angwhi/2 7 



fag Bhag/51 

fagpur Bhag/51 

falaxon Dhogh/104 

fals Gwel 2/177 

falsafeh Bhili/66 
Sophos/434 

fam Bha 1/49 



708 



Persian 

F - G 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


fanus 


Bha 1/49 


farsudan 


Sek/408 


foruxtan 


Wekw/508 


fara 


Per 1/363 


Farvahar 


Wer 3/516 


fosfor 


Bher 1/59 


Faramarz 


Mel g/ 300 


farvar 


Wer 3/516 


fostog 


Bistak/69 


faramusTdan 


FarvardTn 


Wer 3/516 


frarun 


Ardha/33 




Mer 3/306 


farxar 


Aus 2/41 


fsan 


Ak/13 


farangT , 


Frankon/134 


farzand 


Gene 1/141 






Faranseh 




Farzaneh 


Gno/168 




G 


j 


Frankon/134 




Per 1/364 




fara van 


Pel 1/359 


fas 


Bhergh/62 


gabr 


J.b.r/200 


fa rax 


Pele/361 


fasfaseh 


Ekwos/121 


Gabriel 


Layh/2 73 


farbeh 


Pel/355 


fasTsm 


Bhendh/57 


Gabriyel 


J.b.r/200 


fareh 


Pel 1/359 


faz 


Bazda/47 


gac 


Gassu/138 


farfar 


Per 1/364 


faz 


Ghei/152 


gadan 


Gweie/176 


fargan 


Gherto/160 


fazagand 


Bazda/47 


gaeleh 


G.v. 1/171 


fargandeh 




fazak 


Bazda/47 


gah 1 


Gei/138 




Gherto/160 


fazTdan 


Ghei/152 


gah2 


Gwa/1 72 


fargar 


Gherto/160 


f elf el Pippali/373 


gal 


Gwer 3/180 


fargar 


Gherto/160 


fenjan 


Pin/ 37 3 


galu 


Gwer 3/180 


fargaridan 




feodal 


Pek/357 


gam 


Gwa/1 72 




Gherto/160 


fer 


Gwher/186 


gambroon Merk/30 7 


farh-ast 


Pel 1/359 


ferdows 


Dheigh/96 


gand 


Gwedh/1 74 


farhast 


Isto/197 


fereh 


Pel 1/359 


gandTdan 


Gwedh/1 74 


farhTxtan 


Ten 1/471 


ferestadan 


Sta/444 


gandom 


Gantuma/137 


farTb 


Leip/2 78 


fesanTdan 


Ak/13 


gandom- 


3a 


FarTborz 


Bhergh/62 


fesar 


Xsarta/529 




Gantuma/137 




Sawel/402 


fesfeseh 


Ed/ 117 


gandomgun 


fariftan 


Leip/2 78 


FTIadelfTya 


Bhili/66 




Gantuma/137 


farineh 


Gwher/186 




Gwelbh/177 


ganeh 


Gwhen 1/183 


farjam 


Gwa/1 72 


fTleh 


Gwhi/186 


gangester 


farman 


Me 2/293 


FTITp 


Ekwos/121 




Ghengh/157 


farnas 


Nek 1/327 


fiyuz 


Gheu 1/162 


ganj 


Gzn/188 


farq 


F.r.q/135 


fluoresant 


Bhel/55 


ganqraya 


Gras/1 69 


farr 


Sawel/402 


foluor 


Bhel/55 


gap 


Ghu 1/165 


farrox 


Sawel/402 


folut 


Agaruh/6 


gar 1 


Gwer 4/181 


farrox-hamal 


forat 


Per 2/365 


gar 2 


Kwer/2 62 




Sem 1/411 


Forat 


Su 1/454 


gar 3 


Garenu/137 


Fars 


Parsa/352 


forn 


Gwher/186 


garb 


Erebu/128 


farsang 




forqan 


F.r.q/135 


garbal 


Sek/409 


Fra-sanga/134 


foru 


Per 1/364 


-gard 


Kwer/2 62 


farsax 




forutan 


Per 1/364 


gard 


Wer 2/514 


Fra-sanga/134 











709 



Persian 

G - G 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


gardan 


Wer 2/514 


gergereh 


Gwer 3/180 


gorg 


Wei 2/510 


gardTdan 


Wer 2/514 


genstan 


Gwer 2/179 


Gorgan 


Wei 2/510 


gargen 


Garenu/137 


gero 


Ghrebh/1 64 


gonxtan 




ganban 


Gwer 3/180 


gu 


Wer 3/516 




Leigh 2/277 


ganveh 


Gwer 3/180 


gTlas 


Ghel/156 


gorixtan 


Wi/523 


garm 


Gwher/186 


gTs 


Ghait/149 


gorridan 


Ger 4/145 


garogar 


Gwer 2/179 


gTtar 


Ten 1/471 


gors 1 


Vrsa/494 


garsah 


Gwer 4/181 




Trei/481 


gors 2 


Wei 2/510 


Garsasp 


Ekwos/121 


gitt 


Gwei/175 


goruh 


Ger 1/143 




Kerk/230 


godaxtan 


Teku 1/4 68 


gorz 


Weg 2/500 


GarsTvaz 


Kerk/230 




Wi/524 


gosadan 


Wi/523 


garson 


Wreg 1/527 


godazTdan 


Dhogh/104 


gosadan 


Se 1/404 


garzman 


Dem/86 


goftan 


Ghu 1/165 


gosan 


Eres 1/130 




Gwer 2/179 


goh 


Gwou/187 


gosastan 


Wi/523 


gast 


Gwedh/1 74 


gohar 


Gotra/169 


gosfand 


Gwou/187 


gat 


Gei/138 


gohar-amud Amon/23 


gosTxtan 


Sek/408 


gav 


Gwou/187 


gol 


Wrdho/52 6 


gosn 


Eres 1/130 


gavazn 


Guysna/1 71 


golgol 


Gwer 3/180 


Gosnasp 


Ekwos/121 


gavmTs 


Moiso/310 


golobul 


Gel/139 


Gosnasp 


Eres 1/130 


gaz 


Kaz/216 


goluleh 


Gel/139 


gosnT 


Eres 1/130 


gaz 


Ghans/149 


goman 


Men 1/301 


gostardan 


Wi/523 


gazal 


G.z. 1/188 




Wi/523 


gostardan 




6azaleh 


G.z. 1/188 


gomardan 


Mer 1/304 




Ster 1/449 


gazar 


Gogel/168 




Wi/523 


Gostasp 


Ekwos/121 


gazTdan 


Gwhen 2/185 


gomTxtan 


Meig/298 


gostax 


Sta/444 




Wi/523 




Wi/523 




Wi/523 


geda 


Gwhedh/182 


gomrok 


Merk/307 


gostay 


Su 1/456 


geladTyator 


gonah 


Nek 1/327 


govah 


Wi/523 




Kel 6/222 


gonbad 


Geu 1/14 6 


govah 


Kwek/2 60 


geleh 


Gal/ 13 6 


gondeh 


Geu 1/14 6 


govalTdan 


Ered/128 


"general" 


Sol/434 


gong 


Gang/ 137 


govardan 


Kwer/2 62 


geramafon Bha 2/50 


gonjandan 


Gzn/188 




Wi/524 


geramT 


Gwer 2/179 


goptan 


Ghu 1/165 


govazeh 


Wekw/508 


geran 


Gwer 1/178 


goraz 


Varaza/492 


govazTdan 


Wi/524 


geranTt 


Ger 2/144 


gorazTdan 




gozardan 


Kwel/2 60 


geravTdan 


Wei 1/509 




Wreg 1/527 




Wi/523 


gerd 


Wer 2/514 


gorbeh 


Wei 2/511 


gozastan 


Ter 1/474 


gerdu 


Wer 2/514 


gord 


Gurdos/170 




Wi/523 


gereftan 


Ghrebh/1 64 


gordeh 


Wer 2/514 


gozTdan 


Kwei 2/259 


gereh 


Ger 1/143 


goresneh 


Vrsa/494 




Wi/523 



710 



Persian 

G - H 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


gozTr 


Kwer/2 63 


hamTstar 


Smelt/ 430 


hendeseh 


Teku 1/4 68 


gozm 


Ghrem/1 64 


ham-sTreh 




hendevaneh 


gozm 


Ghrem/1 64 




Kslro/252 




Sy and/ 463 


grayTdan 


Gredh/1 69 




Sem 1/411 


hengam 


Gwa/1 72 


grTs 


Kiru/238 


ham-tak 


Teku 1/4 68 




Sem 1/412 


guk 


Ghuk/166 


hamun 


Sem 1/411 


herba 


Sawel/402 


gul 


Gurdos/170 


ham-var 


Wei 3/511 


herkul 


Ser 2/416 


gul 


G.v. 1/171 


han 


Sen 1/413 


herman 


H.r.m/192 


gulleh 


Gel/139 


hanan 


H.n.n/191 


hestan 


Selg/411 


gun 


Geu 1/14 6 


hanTn 


H.n.n/191 


hezar 


Gheslo/161 


gunia 


Genu 1/142 


hanjar 


Ten 1/471 


hTc 


I 2/195 


gu-pan 


Gwou/187 


hanjTdan 


Ten 1/471 




Kwo/2 67 


gur Gh 


ou-ro-s/1 64 


hannan 


H.n.n/191 


hTdrogen 


Wed/ 4 98 


gurab Gh 


ou-ro-s/1 64 


har 


Ser 3/416 


hTmalaya 


Ghei 1/153 


Gurb 


Gurb/1 70 


har 


Sol/434 


hTmeh 


Aidh/9 


gus 


Ous 1/347 


haram 


H.r.m/192 


hTpnotTsm 


Swep/4 62 


gu-saleh 


Gwou/187 


harasTdan 


Tres/483 


hTrak 


El/119 


gusaleh 


Kel 1/220 


harat 


Ser 1/414 


hTzom 


Aidh/9 


guseh 


Geu 1/146 


harTm 


H.r.m/192 


homa 


Su 1/454 


gusfand 


Kwen 1/2 61 


harmonT 


Ar/32 


homozen 


Sem 1/412 


guspand 


Gwou/187 


Hasan 


H.s.n/192 


honar 


Ner 1/331 


gust 


Gwou/187 


hasTs 


H.s.s/193 




Su 1/454 


gusvareh 


Ous 1/347 


hasr 


Se 2/404 


hormat 


H.r.m/192 


guy 


Gel/139 


hast 


Okto/342 


hosn 


H.s.n/192 


guz 


Geu 1/14 6 


hastan 


Selg/411 


Hovaxsatar Aueg/4 


guzak 


Geu 1/14 6 


hasteh 


Ost/346 




Su 1/455 






hava 


Kwes/2 64 


hovayda 


Su 1/454 




H 


havan 


Havana/189 




We id/504 




havva 


H.y.y/193 


howm 


Seu 2/418 


HabTI 


Hebhel/190 


hax 


Skeng/423 


hozTr 


Skai/421 


habl 


Habl/ 18 9 


Haxamanes 




Su 1/454 


haft 


Septm/414 




Men 1/301 


hozvan 


Dinghw/107 


haleh 


Sawel/403 




Sekw/410 


Human 


Men 1/301 


halTdan 


Selg/411 


hayat 


H.y.y/193 




Su 1/454 


ham 


Sem 1/411 


hayavan 


H.y.y/193 


hur 1 


Leudh/281 


hamal 


Sem 1/411 


hectar 


As/35 




Su 1/454 


haman 


Men 1/301 




Dekm/85 


hur2 


Sawel/402 




Sem 1/411 


hejrat 


H.j.r/190 


hur-ban 


Sawel/402 


hamTn 


Sem 2/413 


helicopter 


Pet 1/370 


hus 1 


Ous 1/346 


hamTstakan 


Hend 


Sy and/ 463 


hus2 


Aus 2/41 




Smelt/ 430 











111 



Persian 

H - K 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



Husang Su 1/454 

husbam Aus 2/41 

husyar Do 2/109 

Ous 1/346 
huxt Wekw/508 

Huzsang 

Gwhen 1/182 

I 



Tdar 


I 2/194 


Tdun 


I 2/194 


Tman 


A.m.n/22 


Tn 


I 2/195 


Traj 


Al 1/15 


Iran 


Al 1/15 


Tranvej 


Al 1/15 


Trland 


Al 1/15 


Trim an 


Al 1/15 


Tsan 


So/433 


Tstadan 


Sta/444 


Tstadan 


En/124 


Tzad 


Yag/531 



ja Ei/118 

jabal J.b.l /199 
jabal-ottareq 

J.b.l /199 

jabarut J.b.r/200 

jabr J.b.r/200 

jabsTn Gassu/138 

jaddeh latos/196 

jadu Ya/531 

jah Gwa/1 72 

jahTdan Yes/534 

jak A\q.b/30 

jalTtqeh ljlak/196 

jalTz Dheigh/96 



jam 
jamal 
Jamasb 
jameh 



Yem/534 
Jamal /1 98 
Ekwos/121 

Yds/538 



jameh-dan Yds/538 

JamsTd Ksei 2/249 
Yem/534 

jan Dheye/102 

jan Ei/118 

Jang Ghengh/157 
jangal Jangalah/198 

jarreh K.r.v/247 

ja-rub Ei/118 

jaselTq Sol/434 

jasn Yag/531 

jastan Yes/534 

javan Yeu 2/535 

javTd Aiw/11 

javTdan Geu 3/148 

JebreTI J.b.r/200 

jegar Yekwer/533 
jegar-band 

Yekwer/533 

jenazeh Gzn/188 

-jerd Kwer/2 62 

jTveh Gwei/175 

jo Ieuo/196 

jobbeh J.b.b/198 

jobran J.b.r/200 

joft Yeu 1/535 

Jonah Nek 1/327 

jonbTdan Gwa/1 73 

jostan Yeu 3/536 

ju Yau/532 

jujeh Dus/113 

jurab Gurb/1 70 

jusTdan Yeu 3/536 

juy-bar Yau/532 



K 

ka'b K.a\b/201 

kabar Kapparis/211 
kabareh Kam 2/207 
kabast Kapastay/210 
Ka'beh K.a\b/201 
kabk Kau 2/215 

kabl Habl/189 

Kabol Kapul/211 

kabolT Kapul/211 

kabud Kavuta/215 
kabutar Kavuta/215 
kac Xac 2/528 

kacT Xac 2/528 

kad- Ket/232 

-kadeh Ket/232 

kadmTom Q.d.m/380 
kadr Kwetwer/2 6"5 

kaenat K.w.n/2 6"6" 
kaf Kafa/202 

kafc-ITz Kafa/202 

kaf eh Kaf fa/2 03 

kaffas Kafs/203 

kafs Kafs/203 

kaftan Sek/4 08 

kafur Karpurah/213 
kagaz Kagas/204 

kah Kuatos/254 

kahhal K.h.I/23ff 

kahr-man Kwer/2 6"2 
kahroba Kuatos/254 
kaj Keg/ 21 7 

kak Kaic 4/205 

ka'k Kaic 4/205 

kal Ke2e wo/223 

kala Ku 1/253 

Ped/354 
kalag Gwiien 2/2 85 
Weren/518 
kaland Ke2 6"/222 



712 



Persian 

K - K 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


kalbod 


Ku 1/253 


kargadan 




kay 2 


Keu 3/233 




Ped/354 


Kurkizannu/257 


kaz 


Kaz/ 216 


kaleb 


Ku 1/253 


kandan 1 


Kwel/2 60 


kaz 


Skeu 2/425 




Ped/354 


kandan 2 


Kwer/2 62 


kazakanc 


Kaz/ 216 


kalenjar 


Koro/244 


kark 


Ker 3/22 7 


kazakanc 




kaleskeh 


Kwel/2 61 


karkas 


Ed/ 117 




Gwhen 1/184 


kam 


Kamma/208 




Ker 3/22 7 


kazdom 


Dumb/ 112 


kam 1 


Ka 1/201 


karnaval 


Legwh/27 5 


kebnt 


Kupri ti/256 


kam 2 


Kwen 2/2 62 


karnaval 


Sek/409 


Keh 


So/433 


kamand 


Kam 1/206 


karpas Karpasah/213 


kelac 


Gel/139 


kamar 


Kam 2/207 


karrubT 


B.r.k/71 


kelas 


Kel 3/221 


kamTn 


Kamma/208 


kars 


Ker 4/228 


kelTd 


Kleu 2/241 


kamra 


Kam 2/207 


karsneh 


Ker 4/228 


kelTnTk 


Klei/239 


kanal 


Gwhen 1/184 


kart 


Cartes/74 


kelTsa 


Kel 3/221 


kanand 


Gwhen 1/183 


kart 


Sek/408 


kenest 


Kel 3/221 


kandak 


Gwhen 1/183 


karv 


Skwalo/428 


kerem 


Gher 3/159 


kandan 


Gwhen 1/183 


kar-van 


Koro/244 


kerm 


Wer 2/515 


kandTd 


Kand 1/209 


karveh 


Kelewo/223 


kesaleh 


Kenk 1/224 


kanduk 


Gwhen 1/183 


kas 


Kwo/2 67 


kesTdan 


Kenk 1/224 


kanTseh 


Kel 3/221 


kas2 


K' s/247 


kesvar 


Karsvar/214 


kanTz 


Ken/ 22 4 


kasaf 


Kasyapa/214 


keyhan 


Gwei/175 


kannas 


Kel 3/221 


kasaftan 


Kseubh/250 


Kharazm 


Ghdhem/150 


kans 


Kel 3/221 


kasak 


Oku/343 




Su 1/455 


kanun 


Kanunu/21 




Pet 1/370 


kT 


Kwo/267 


kanz 


Gzn/188 


kaseh 


Kel 5/222 


kTIo 


Gheslo/161 


kapT 


Kup 2/256 


kaskul 


Kenk 1/224 


kTmTya 


Gheu 1/162 


kapTdan 


Gabbah/136 


kasoftan 


Kseubh/250 


kTmTya 


Kers 2/230 


kar 


Sek/408 


kast 


Isto/197 


kTn 


Kwei 1/259 


kar- 


Koro/244 


kastan 


Kak 3/205 


kTs 1 


Kenk 1/224 


karak 


Ker 3/22 7 


kastan 


Kwel/2 60 


kT§2 


Kenk 1/224 


karamel 


Kolemos/242 


katan 


Kitu/238 


kTs 3 


Tkaesa/480 


karan 


Sker 1/424 


katod 


Sed/405 


kTs-mat 


M.v. t/315 


karb 


Koro/244 


katolTk 


Sol/434 


KTumars 


Gwei/175 


karbas Karpasah/213 


katrang 


Kwetwer/265 




Mer 2/305 


karbasu 


Kahrpu/204 


katureh 


Katara/214 


kTusk 


Geu 1/14 6 


karbon 


Ker 5/228 


katvar 


Kwetwer/265 


kTya 


Keu 3/233 


kard 


Sek/408 


kavTz 


Kap/210 


kTyan 


Keu 3/233 


kar-dar 


Koro/244 


Kavus 


Keu 3/233 


klub 


Gel/139 


kareh 


Ker 4/228 


kay 1 


De 2/80 


knun 


Newo/334 


karg Kurkizannu/257 




Kwo/2 67 


kobbeh 


Gabbah/136 



713 



Persian 

K - L 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


kodam 


Kwo/2 67 


kos 


Skeu 2/425 


LajTn 


Lajin/271 


koftan 


Sek/408 


kostan 


Kau/215 


Laj-vard 


Lajin/271 


kohan 


Geu 1/147 


kostT 


Kost/245 


Lajvard 


Kwer/2 62 


kohl 


K.h. 1/236 


kosti 


Kost/245 


lajvard 


Lajin/271 


kohul 


K.h. 1/236 


kosuf 


Leigh 2/277 


lak 


Alek/19 


koja 


Kwo/2 67 


kotlet 


Kost/245 


lak 


Alek/19 


kol 


Skel 1/423 


kowIT 


Kapul/211 




Reg 3/388 


kolah 


Kel 2/220 


kravat 


Gwer 4/181 


lak 


Reg 3/388 


kolang 


Kel 6/222 


knsmas 


Gher 3/159 


laklak Laqalaqa/272 


kolbeh 


Kel 2/220 


KrTsna 


Kers 2/230 


Lai 


Lai/ 27 2 


kolestrol 


Ster 3/450 


knstal 


Kreu/246 


\a\ 


Lai/ 27 2 


kolor 


Ghel/156 


ku 


Kwo/2 67 


lalak 


Lai/ 27 2 


koloroffl 


Bhel/55 


kuc 


Skeu 2/425 


lalas 


Lai/ 27 2 


kolux 


Kreu/24 6 


kucak 


Kut/258 


laleh 


Lai/ 27 2 


komTsTyor 




kudak 


Kut/258 


laleh-sar 


Lai/ 27 2 




Smelt/ 430 


kuffyyeh 




lang 


Longos/284 


kon 


K.w.n/266 


Ghebh-el/152 


langar 


Ang/2 6 


kond 1 


Kund/255 


kuh 


Geu 1/147 


laqlaq Laqalaqa/272 


kond2 


Kund/255 


kun 


Keu 2/232 


laqlaqeh 




kondavar 


Kund/255 


kupal 


Wer 2/515 


Laqalaqa/272 


kondT 


Kund/255 


kur 


Kur/ 2 57 


larzesh 


Lrg/285 


kondT 2 


Kund/255 


Kurb 


Gurb/1 70 


larzTdan 


Lrg/285 


kondor 


Kand 1/209 


kureh 


Ker 5/228 


laskar 


Ret/392 


kongareh 


Kar 1/212 


Kurosh 


Sker 1/424 




Sta/444 


kongereh 


2 


kusan 


Kenk 1/224 


latreh 


Letro/280 




Gredh/1 69 


kusTdan 


Kau/215 


lax 


Les/2 79 


konj 


Kung/255 


kusk 


Geu 1/146 


laxt 


Lek/2 79 


konj-kav 


Kung/255 


kutah 


Kut/258 


lay 


Lei/ 27 5 


konserv 


Ser 2/416 


kuzeh 


Kel 5/222 


layTdan 


La/2 70 


konsul 


Kel 3/221 






laym 


Nimbu/336 


kor 


Gher 1/158 




L 


ITIak 


Nei 1/326 


koreh 


K.r.v/247 




ITmonad 


Nimbu/336 


korkom 


Kurkanu/257 


lab 


Leb/274 


ITmu 


Nimbu/336 


kor-na 


Koro/244 


labamyyat L.b.n/274 


ITsTdan 


Leigh 1/276 


korna 


Nedo/324 


labeh 


Lep/2 79 


ITstan 


Leigh 1/276 


korom 


Gher 3/159 


ladan 


Ladunu/270 


ITtr 


Lithra/284 


koromosom 


laf 


Lep/2 79 




Lithra/284 




Gher 3/159 


lagad 


Lek/278 


logantm 


Ar/32 


korset 


Kwer/2 63 


lagan 


Lignu/283 


Lohrasb 


Ekwos/121 


koruh 


Ker 3/22 7 


lagar 


Legwh/27 5 


Lohrasp 


Er 1/126 



714 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Persian 

L - M 

Root/Page 



lojjeh 
lustr 



Alek/19 

Reg 3/388 

Leuk/282 



M 

ma Ne 2/322 

ma- Me 1/292 

madam Dem/86 

madar Ma/286 

Ter 3/475 
madeh Ma/286 

madTneh Dinu/108 
maedeh Mei 1/296 
mag Mad/287 

mag Maga/287 

magas Mako/290 

magazeh Gzn/188 

magz Mozgo/312 

mah Me 2/293 

Maharajeh 

Reg 1/387 
maharajeh Meg/295 
mahT Mad/28 7 

mahtab Me 2/293 

Tep/4 73 
majus Maghl/288 

makan K.w.n/266 
makromeh 

Q.r.m/382 
malaga M.l.h/310 
malanya Mel 2/299 
We 1/496 
malax Madhaxa/287 
malgam Mel 3/300 
malTdan Melg/300 

malTxulia Ghel/156 
malTxulia Mel 1/299 
ma'mur A' .m.r/23 
man Dem/86 



man 1 Eg/ 118 

man 2 Mana/290 

manar N.w.r/341 
manastan Men 1/301 
mand Menth/304 

mandan 1 Men 1/301 
mandan 2 Men 2/303 
mandTI 

Mantellum/291 
manes Men 1/301 
manjamk Maghl/288 
mankan Men 1/302 
manto 

Mantellum/291 
Manucehr Men 1/302 
Skai/421 
MaqdunTyyeh 

Mak/290 
mar Mel 2/299 

mar Mer 1/304 

Marakes Erebu/128 
mard Mer 2/305 

marg Marega/291 

margzar Marega/291 
marjan Murvarit/315 
marmar Mer 2/305 
marqasTsa 

Magsisa/289 
Maryam R.y.m/396 
marz Merg/307 

masahat M.s.h/312 
masaz M.s.s/313 
mas-h M.s.h/312 

MasTh M.s.h/312 

masjed Masgda/292 
mask S.x.r/4 63 

mask Masakah/291 
masku Masakah/291 
mass M.s.s/313 

mast Mad/287 



mast Mad/28 7 

mastakT Menth/304 
masxareh s.x.r/4 63 
masya Mer 2/305 
masyaneh Mer 2/305 
mat M.v.t/315 

matador M.v.t/315 
matTk Kens/225 

matmureh Temar/470 
matrah T.r.h/483 
mawt M.v.t/315 

maxTmom Meg/295 
may Medhu/294 

mayazd Mei 1/296 
mayeh Ma/286 

mayg Madhaxa/287 
maymun Y.m.n/537 
mayyet M.v.t/315 
Mazda Dhe 2/94 

Men 1/302 
mazdTsna Men 1/302 
mazg Mozgo/312 

mazget Masgda/292 
meh 1 Meig/298 

meh 2 Mak/290 

Meg/295 
mehast lsto/197 

Mak/290 
Meg/295 
mehman Meit/299 
mehr Mei 4/297 

melh M.l.h/310 

meqlad Kleu 2/241 
meqrameh 

Q.r.m/382 
mere? Merk/307 

mesk Mu/313 

meskT Mu/313 

metod Sed/4 05 

metr Me 2/293 



715 



Persian 

M - N 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


meymun 


Y.m.n/537 


morg 


Merega/306 


naftalm 


Nabatu/317 


mezna 


Mak/290 


morvand 




na-gam 


Nogw/339 




Meg/295 


Murvarit/315 


naghusa 


Ous 1/347 


mTg 


Meig/298 


morz 


Mel g/ 300 


nagusTdan dus 1/347 


mTgren 


Ker 1/226 


mosk 


Mu/313 


nahadan 


Dhe 2/94 


mThan 


Meit/299 


most 


Moudh/311 




Ni 1/335 


mThman 


Meit/299 


most 


Meuk/309 


nahan 


Dhe 2/94 


mTkrob 


Gwei/175 


mostan 


Mel g/ 300 


NahTd 


Ahu/8 


mTI 


Gheslo/161 


mosyo 


Sen 1/413 


nai 


Nedo/324 


mTIT- 


Gheslo/161 


motarjem 




nal 


Nedo/324 


mma 


Men 1/301 




Ragamu/384 


nalTdan 


Neu/333 


mTnu 


Men 1/301 


mowsem 


W.s.m/527 


nam 


Nebh/323 


mTrza 


A' .m.r/23 


mowt 


M.v. t/315 


nam 


Nomn/34 




Gene 1/141 


mozavver 


Ghuel/166 


namad Nemata 2/329 


mTs 


Moiso/310 


mozd 


Mizdho/310 


namak 


Nebh/323 


mTx 


Mei 2/296 


mozdeh 


Mizdho/310 


namaz 


Nem 1/329 


mTxak 


Mei 2/296 


mozdur 


Mizdho/310 




Nem 2/329 


mTxtan 


Meig/298 


mozeh 


Meig/298 


nameh 


Nomn/34 


miyan 


Medhyo/295 


mozgan 


Meig/298 


namraq 


Namra/318 


mTz 


Meig/298 


mozhek 


Z.h.k/540 


namus 


Nem 1/329 


mTzban 


Mei 1/296 


mozmen 


Gwa/1 72 


nan 


Nagan/318 


mobad 


Maghl/288 


muk 


Muk/ 31 4 


naneh 


Nana/319 


mobed 


Maghl/288 


Mum 


Mum/314 


nar 


N.w.r/341 


mofles 


Gwel 2/177 


mur 


Morwi/311 


nar 


Ner 1/331 


moft 


Meug/308 


mus 


Mu/313 


nard 1 


Ar/31 


mog 


Maghl/288 


muy-Tdan 


Moudh/311 




Nei 1/325 


mogTIan 


Umm/488 


muzeh 


Meuk/309 


nard2 


Nedo/324 




G. v. 1/171 






nareng 


Naranga/319 


mohandes 




N 


narengT 


Naranga/319 




Teku 1/468 




narenj 


Naranga/319 


Moharrarr 




na 


Ne 1/321 


narges 


Ner 2/332 




H.r.m/192 


nab 


Ab 1/1 


nargeseh 


Ner 2/332 


mohr 


Mura/314 


nabard 


Ni 1/335 


nargesT 


Ner 2/332 


moka'ab 


K.a* .b/201 




Per 3/366 


nargTI Na 


rikelah/320 


mol 


Medhu/294 


nabas 


Nepot/330 


nargTIeh 






Mer 2/305 


na-bTyusan Bheudh/65 


Na 


rikelah/320 


moqannT 




naf 


Nobh/337 


NarTman 


Men 1/301 




Gwhen 1/184 


nafeh 


Nobh/337 




Ner 1/331 


morabba 


R.b.b/385 


naft 


Nabatu/317 


narm 


Namra/318 


mordan 


Mer 2/305 




Nebh/323 


nasa 


Nek 1/327 



in 



Persian 

N - O 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


nasTb 


Ksip/251 


nemudan 


Ni 1/335 


nosxeh 


Ned/ 32 4 




Ni 1/335 


Neptune 


Nebh/323 


not 


Gno/168 


nasim 


Sed/405 


nesan 


Okw/343 


not sharp 


Kund/255 


nask 


Ned/ 32 4 


nesastan 


Ni 1/335 


novTd 


Newo/334 


nasta 


Ed/ 117 




Sed/405 


novTdan 


Neu/333 


nastuh 


Ne 1/321 


nevestan 


Ni 1/335 


now 


Newo/334 




Teu 1/477 




Peig/356 


nuk 


Nabja/317 




Ud 1/486 


nezad 


Gene 1/141 


nul 


Nabja/317 


natrun 


Nitiru/337 


mam 


Ni 1/335 


nur 


N.w.r/341 


nav 


Na 1/316 


niaz 


Angh/2 7 


nus 


Ous 1/346 


nava 


Wekw/508 


nTaz 


Ni 1/335 


nusTdan 


Ous 1/346 


navak 


Na 1/316 


nTazT 


Angh/2 7 


nusTn 


Ous 1/346 


navamdan 


Na 1/316 


nTk 


Nei 1/325 


nuzdah 


Dekm/84 


navardTdar 


Nl 1/335 


ml 


Nei 1/326 








Wer 2/514 


mm 


Naema/31 7 




o 


nav-dan 


Na 1/316 


nTru 


Ner 1/331 




navdan 


Da 2/79 


nTrvana 


Nis/336 


o 


I 2/195 


naveh 


Na 1/316 




We 1/496 


obardan 


Au 2/39 


naveh 


Nepot/330 


nTs 


Neks/ 327 




Pel 1/359 


navTdan 


Na 1/316 


nTsdar 


Der 1/89 


obash 


Au 2/39 


navus 


Nes 1/332 


nTstar 


Neks/ 327 




Pel 1/359 


nax 


Naks/318 


nTtrat 


Nitiru/337 


obastan 


Pel 1/359 


naxon 


Nogh/338 


nTtnc 


Nitiru/337 


obbohat 


Ab 1/2 


naxost 


Isto/197 


nitrogen 


Nitiru/337 


obur 


A* .b.r/4 




Sed/405 


nTusTdan 


Ni 1/335 


odokolon 


Akwa/14 


nay 


Nedo/324 




Ous 1/347 


of tad an 


Au 2/39 


nayzeh 


Naeza/318 


NTv 


Nei 1/325 




Pet 1/370 


naz 


Nog/338 


nTya 


Nyaka/341 


ojrat 


Agaru/6 


nazand Gwhen 2/185 


nTyam 


Gwa/1 72 


okalTptus 


Kel 2/220 




Nl 1/335 


nTyayes 


Gei/138 


okalTptus 


Su 1/456 


nazd 


Sed/405 


nobel 


Gno/168 


okazTon 


Kad 2/202 


nazok 


Nog/338 


nob? 


Peig/356 


oksTzen 


Ak/12 


nefnn 


Pri/377 


noh 


Newn/333 


olag 


Ul/487 


negah 


Kwek/2 60 


no-hur 


Sawel/402 


-om 


Emos/123 




Ni 1/335 


nok 


Nabja/317 


omTd 


Men 2/303 


negun 


Geu 1/14 6 


nomreh 


Nem 1/329 


omm 


Umm/488 




Nl 1/335 


nomudan 


Me 2/293 


ommT 


Umm/488 


nehoftan 


Gwou/187 


noqreh 


Kwer/2 63 


OqlTdos 


Su 1/456 


nekukTdan 


Keued/234 




Ne 1/321 


oqyanus 


Keanos/21 6 


nemaTdan 


Nl 1/335 


normal 


Gno/168 




Oku/343 



111 



Persian 

o - P 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


OrdTbehest Ar/31 


padTd 


Upo/489 


papaz 


Parvan/353 




Isto/197 


padzahr 


Gwhen 2/185 


pa-pus 


Pos/375 




Su 1/456 




Per 3/367 


par 


Per 2/365 


ordu 


Urmak/491 


pahlov 


Parth/352 


paraftn 


Pou/376 


org 


Werg 1/519 


pahlu 


Perk 2 /369 


parakandan 


orkestr 


Er 1/127 


pahn 


Pet 2/371 




3when 1/184 


orkTdeh 


Orghi/345 


pa-jameh 


Ped/353 




Per 1/363 


oroz 


Urigh/490 




Yds/538 


parantez 


Dhe 2/95 


ortodox 


Dek/83 


pajhmordan 




En/124 


osarah 


A' .s.r/36 




Mer 2/305 


parastTtan 


Sta/444 


osareh 


A' .s.r/36 


pak 


Peu/371 


pa rem 


Kwei 2/259 


osmoz 


Wedh 2/499 


pakat 


Beu 2/48 


pard 


Prs/377 


osnan 


Sna/431 


pal 


Ped/353 


pardaxtan 


Per 1/363 


osqof 


Epi/125 


palan 


Leu/280 




Teku 1/4 68 




Spek/436 


palang 


Prs/377 


pardeh 


Pele/361 


ostad 


Sta/444 


pal ayes 


Leu/280 


pardTs 


Dheigh/96 


ostoqos 


Steigh/449 


pa ltd an 


Pol /375 


pareh 


Per 4/368 


ostor 


Wes 1/520 


palTz 


Dheigh/96 


pargar 


Kwer/2 62 


ostorlab 


Ster 2/450 


paludan 


Leu/280 




Per 1/363 


ostovan 


Stebh/446 


paludan 


Pa/349 


parhTxtan 






Steu 1/451 


paludeh 


Leu/280 


, 


Leigh 2/277 


ostovar 


Stebh/446 


paluneh 


Leu/280 


parhTxtan 


Per 3/366 


ostoxan 


Ost/346 


panah 


Na 2/316 


part 


Parika/351 


ostureh 


Wei d/ 504 




Pa/349 


parTr 


Ayer/44 


otoban 


Autos/42 


panam 


Dhe 2/94 


Pars 


Parsa/352 




Bhen/56 




Pa/349 


parsa 


Pel 2/360 


ou 


So/433 


panamTdan Dhe 2/94 


part 


Parth/352 


owj 


Ud 1/486 


panbeh 


Pambak/351 


parto 


Tep/4 73 


owzandan 


pane 


Penkwe/362 


partow 


Per 1/363 




Gwhen 2/185 


pancar 


Peuk/372 


parvar 


Wer 3/516 


oxtapus 


Ped/354 


pand 


Pent/ 3 62 


parvardan 


Per 1/363 






pangan 


Pin/ 373 


parvaz 


Wegh/501 




P 


panguwan Weid/504 


parvin 


Pel 1/359 






panTr 


Pei/355 


parvTzan 


Weik 1/505 


pa 


Ped/353 


panj 


Penkwe/362 


pas 


Apo/30 


pad af rah 




panjeh 


Penkwe/362 


pasak 


Puk/378 




Perk 1 /368 


pankeh 


Peg/355 


pasand 


Upo/489 


padas 


Do 2/109 


pankras 


Kreu/24 6 


pasandTdan Sed/405 




Per 3/366 


pansad 


Penkwe/362 


pasanjTdan 


padesah 


Ksei 1/248 


panzdah 


Penkwe/362 




Seiku/407 



Hi 



Persian 

P - Q 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Pasargad 


Parsa/352 




Per 3/367 


pTxtan 


Piko/372 


pasban 


Spek/436 


pazman 


Per 3/366 


piyadeh 


Ped/353 


pasTdan 


Prs/377 


pazuhTdan 


We id/504 


pTyaleh 


Gwer 3/180 


pasTman 


Men 1/301 


pazvak 


Parvan/353 


plasma 


Pele/361 


pasm 


Pek/357 




Wekw/508 


plastTk 


Pele/361 


pasneh 


Persna/369 


peckam 


Skabh/420 


pol 


Per 2/365 


pasox 


Kas 2/214 




Upo/489 


polow 


Pulaka/379 




Per 3/366 


pedar 


Pa/349 


por 


Pel 1/359 




Wegwh/502 




Ter 3/475 


porsTdan 




pasport 


Pet 2/371 


Pedram 


Per 3/366 




Perk 1 /368 


passage 


Pet 2/371 


pedram 


Rem/ 3 90 




Perk 1 /368 


past 1 


Pet 1/370 


pegah 


Upo/489 


post 


Per 1/363 


past 2 


Pis/ 374 


pelatTn 


Pele/361 




Sta/444 


Pasutan 


Ten 1/472 


pelpel Pippali/373 


poudr 


Pel 3/360 


patTI 


P6 2/374 


pendastan 


Dher 1/98 


poxtan 


Pekw/358 


patTleh 


Batiaxe/47 


penhan 


Upo/489 


proffl 


Gwhi/186 


patyareh 


Er 1/126 


pesar 


Pou/376 


pu 


Peud/371 




Per 3/367 


pesmelba 


Parsa/352 


pudeh 


Pu 4/378 


payam 


Gwa/1 72 


pest 


Pis/ 374 


puk 


Pu 2/378 


paygam 


Per 3/366 


pestan Pesteno/369 


pul 


Gwel 2/177 


paygareh 


Gwer 2/179 


pesteh 


Bistak/69 


pupu 


Opop/345 




Per 3/366 


pezesk 


Bha 2/50 


pursantaz Dekm/85 


payTdan 


Pa/349 


pezvak 


Parvan/353 


pus 


Pos/375 


pay-Tn 


Ped/353 


pTh 


Pei/355 


pusTdan 


Pu 4/378 


payk 


Ped/353 


pTjameh 


Ped/353 


pusTdan 


Pos/375 


paykan 


Swhen 1/184 




Yds/538 


pust 


Wes 3/521 




Per 3/366 


pTI 


Yb/533 


puya 


Peud/371 


paykar 


Kwer/2 62 


pTI-as 


Yb/533 


puyamdan Peud/371 


paykar 


Kwer/2 62 


pTIeh 


Pilo/373 


puyTdan 


Peud/371 


paykar 


Per 3/366 


pTneh 


Spen/437 


puzTdan 


Bheug/65 


paykar 


Per 3/367 


pTnu 


Pei/355 






paymudan 


Me 2/293 


pTr 


Pel 2/360 








Per 3/366 


pTramun 


Per 1/363 




Q 


payvastan 

paz 
pazTreh 


Bhendh/57 

Per 3/366 

Parvan/353 

Er 1/126 


pTrar 
pTrastan 
pTruz 
pTs 


Ayer/44 

Ar/31 

Aueg/4 

Per 3/366 


qadam 

qafas 

qafqaz 


Q.d.m/380 
Kap/210 
Kreu/24 6 
Ku 1/253 
1 Men 1/301 
Kaffa/203 
Kolemos/242 


pazTroftan 


Per 3/367 
Ghrebh/1 64 


pTseh 
pTseh 
pTsT 


Peig/356 
Peig/356 
Peig/356 


qahrema 

qahveh 

qalam 



11[ 



Persian 

Q - R 

WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



qaleb Ku 1/253 

Ped/354 
qalya Q.l.y/381 

qalyeh Q.l.y/381 

qamTs Kern 2/223 

qanarT Kwon/2 68 

qanat Gwhen 1/184 
qand Gwhen 1/182 

qandTI Kand 1/209 
qanun Gwhen 1/184 
qaraney Nedo/324 

qarantTn 

Kwetwer/265 
qareh Kar 2/213 

qareh-qulaq 

Kar 2/213 
qarn Gher 1/158 

Qarrabeh 

Qirbah/381 
qasang *Xsnk/530 
qasr Kes 1/231 

qater Kar 1/212 

qayeq Kay ik/ 216 

qaz Kaz/216 

qedam Q.d.m/380 
qentar Dekm/85 

qermez Gene 1/141 

Wer 2/515 
qertas Cartes/74 

qest Yeu 1/535 

qestas Yeu 1/535 

qeysar Skhai/427 
qTfal Ghebh-el/152 
qTr Kiru/238 

qTrat Ker 1/22 6 

qobbeh Gabbah/136 
qulun SiceJ 1/423 



R 

ra Ar/32 

rab R.b.b/385 

rabb R.b.b/385 

rad Ar/32 

rad Ar/32 

rad Kei 2/389 

radeh iReg 2/38 7 

Rafael R.f.a'/395 

raftan Rep/391 

rag Eres 2/230 

rah iRet/392 

rahban Ret/392 

rahbar iRet/392 

raheb iRet/392 

rahTdan Redh/386 

raj iReg 2/387 

rajTdan Reg 3/388 

ram Rem/390 

ram Ser 2/425 

ramTdan Ser 1/415 

ran Sreno/442 

randTdan Er 1/12 6 

rang iReg 3/388 
rang-a-rang 

Reg 3/388 
rangTn kaman 

Reg 3/388 

ranj Lang/272 

ranjandan Lang/2 72 

rasan Rek/390 

rask Eres 2/230 

rast Reg 1/387 

rastaxTz Leith/278 
Suig/457 

rati Lithra/284 

ravaj Rep/ 3 91 

ravan Urvan/491 

raxs Leuic/282 

Ray Raga/384 



raygan iRet/392 

raz Leudh/281 

raz Redh/386 

razegT Raga/384 

razeqT Raga/384 

razT Raga/384 

razm iReg 1/387 

refuzeh Giieu 2/2 6"2 

resTdan Er 1/12 6 

resk Erek/129 

rezTm .Reg 1/387 

rezmeh iR.z.m/397 

rezq Leuk/282 

rTdan Er 2/22 6" 

ng Raika/385 

ng Er 2/226" 

rim Er 1/126 

MS 1 iRei 2/389 

MS 2 Uroiks/491 

rTseh Uroiks/491 

nsTdan iRei 2/389 

nsk Sek/4 08 

nstan iRei 2/389 

Ntm Ser 2/425 

MV Leip/2 78 

nvand Eres 2/230 

nxtan Leigh 2/277 

rTyal iReg 1/387 

nz2 iRei 2/389 

rTzeh iRei 2/389 

-roba Leup/283 

robb R.b.b/385 

robudan Leup/283 

roftan Raup/385 

rofu iR.f".a'/395 

rog Reug/394 
rogan Reughmen/394 
romatTsm Ser 2/425 

ronas Reudh 1/394 

rosan Leuk/282 



720 



Persian 

R - S 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Rostam 


Leudh/281 


safsateh 


Sophos/434 


sarrfa 


S.m. 'a/430 




Tenk/473 


sag 


Kwon/2 68 


saman 


Klem/239 


rownaq 


Leudh/281 


sagak 


Kakis/206 


samanda 






Nei 1/325 


sagal 


Srgala/443 


Salamandra /399 


rowsan 


Ksei 2/249 


sagerd 


Kwer/2 62 


Samarqand 


rowzeh 


Leudh/281 




Sekw/410 




Gwhen 1/184 




Ser 1/415 


sagzT 


Saka/399 


samavar 


Sem 1/412 


royal 


Reg 1/387 


sah 


Ksei 1/248 




Wer 5/517 


roz 


Wrdho/52 6 


sah-esperam 


sambol 


Sem 1/412 


rud 


Ser 1/415 




Spereg/438 


samfonT 


Bha 2/50 


rud-bar 


Ser 1/415 


sahTn 


Kei 1/217 




Sem 1/412 


rudeh 


Reuto/395 


sahm 


Tres/483 


sampayn 


Kam 2/207 


runTk 


Leudh/281 


sahr 


Ksei 1/248 


sampozTyom 




Nei 1/325 


sahra 


S.h.r/420 




P6 2/374 


rusta 


Leudh/281 


sahrdar 


Ksei 1/248 




Sem 1/412 


ruy 1 


Leudh/281 


SahrTvar 


Wei 1/509 


sams 


S.m.s/431 


ruy 2 


Reudh 1/394 


sahnvar 


Ksei 1/248 


samsTr 


Sfsyr/419 


ruy-Tdan 


Leudh/281 


saj 


Sakah/399 


Samson 


S.m.s/431 


ruz 


Leuk/282 


sajed 


Masgda/292 


samt 


Mei 3/297 


ruz 


Reudh 1/394 


saka 


Saka/399 


Sarrfun 


S.m. 'a/430 


rzan 


Algwh/20 


sakaroz 


Korka/243 


san 


Gwhen 1/182 






sakTb 


Skaif/421 


sarfat 


S.n. "a/431 




s 


sakTbTdan 


Skaif/421 


sanbeh 


Sabatu/398 




SakTneh 


K.w.n/266 


sandaf 


Deru 1 /91 


sab 


Kwsep/2 69 


sal 


Kel 1/220 




Gwhen 1/182 


saban 


Pek/357 


sal 1 


Skel 1/423 


sandal 


Kand 1/209 


sabdTz 


Kwsep/2 69 


sal 1 


Savala/401 


sandal? 


Kand 1/209 


sabestan 


Kwsep/2 69 


sal 2 


Salla/400 


sandarus 


Kand 1/209 


sabok 


Trep 1/482 


sal 2 


Savala/401 


saneh 


Kes 2/231 


sabt 


Sabatu/398 


salam 


S.l.m/429 


sang 


Ak/12 


sabun 


Seip/4 07 


salang 


Savala/401 


sangabTI 


Ker 1/22 6 


sad 


Dekm/85 


salt 


Sali/399 


sangarf 




sad 


Kweye/2 66 


salTb 


Saliba/400 


Si 


nkadrus/ 420 


sadman 


Men 1/301 


salTdan 


Salla/400 


sanj 


Geu 1/147 


safal 


Kapho/211 


salTzar 


Sali/399 




Keg/ 21 7 


saffaf 


S.f.f/419 


salpuy 


Skel 1/423 


sanjes 


Ak/12 


saffneh 


Ghei 2/154 


saltuk 


Sali/399 


sanjTdan 


Ak/12 


safra 


S.f.r/419 


salvar 


Skel 1/423 


sansknt 


Kwer/2 63 


safs 


Kiph/237 


sam 


Kei 1/217 


sansor 


Kens/225 


safsahang Kiph/237 


sam 


Kwsep/2 69 


santTmetr 


Dekm/85 



721 



Persian 

s - s 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


santur 


Pol /375 


sefr 


Keu 2/232 


seporz 


Spelgh/437 


sanzdah 


Dekm/84 


segal 


Sek/409 


sepuxtan 


Peuk/372 


saqarlat 


Sekw/410 


seh 


Trei/481 




Peuk/372 


sar 


Kad 1/202 


sejel 


Sekw/410 


sepuz-gar 


Peuk/372 




Sper/437 


sek 


Seiku/407 


seraj 


Cirag/75 


sara 


Ter 1/474 


sekaftan 


Sek/408 


seramTc 


Ker 5/228 


sarab 


S.r.b/442 


sekar 


Dhogh/104 


serat 


Ster 1/449 


sarbat 


S.r.b/442 


sekar 


Ambhi/21 


seresk 


Sresk/442 


sard 


Kel 1/220 


sekar 


Korka/243 


serest 


Klis/241 


sardeh 


Kerd 2/229 


sekar 


Kwer/2 62 


serestan 


Klis/241 


sargin 


Sek/408 


sekar ahanj 


sergin 


Sek/408 


sandan 


Gwhder/181 




Dhogh/104 


sen 


Ser 3/416 


sarm 


Kormo/243 


sekaru 


Dhogh/104 


sens 


Klis/241 


sarq 


Cirag/75 


sekastan 


Sek/408 


serom 


Ser 1/414 


sarraf 


Sarapu/400 


seklah 


Kak 2/205 


ses 


Sweks/4 60 


sarun 


Ker 1/22 6 


sekuba 


Epi/125 


setabr 


Stebh/446 


sarv 


Surmenu/458 




Spek/436 


setadan 


Stai 1/445 


sarva 


Kleu 1/240 


selang 


Skel 1/423 


setaftan 


Ambhi/21 


sarvestan 




semat 


W.s.m/527 




Tep/4 73 




Surmenu/458 


sement 


Skhai/427 


setak 


Sta/444 


sas 


Kies/237 


semordan 


Mer 1/304 


setam 


Sta/444 


sasta 


Kas 2/214 


sena 


Sen 1/413 


se-tar 


Trei/481 


satarvan 


Ster 4/451 


sena 


Sna/431 


setareh 


Ster 2/450 


satl 


Se 3/404 


senarTo 


Skai/421 


setayTdan 




satrang 


Ang/2 6 


senator 


Sen 1/413 




Steu 1/451 


satrap 


Ksei 1/248 


senaxtan 


Gno/168 


setMdan 


Steig/448 


savar 


Ekwos/121 


senTdan 


Kleu 1/240 


setTz 


Steig/448 


sax 


Kak 2/205 


senj 


Keg/ 21 7 


setonbeh 


Stebh/446 


saxann 


Korka/243 


sepah 


Kwon/2 68 


sey' 


Say'/403 


saxt 


Kak 1/204 


sepahbod 


Kwon/2 68 


seyda 


Sedu/406 


saxtan 


Ak/12 


sepanj 


Spongo /441 


seytan 


Sedu/406 


saxtan 


Kak 1/204 


separ 


Sphel/439 


sezar 


Skhai/427 


sayeh 


Skai/421 


separdan 


Spher/440 


sezTdan 


Kak 1/204 


sayestan 


Ksei 1/248 




Ud 1/486 


shur-ba 


Kes 2/231 


sayf 


Kiph/237 


sepan 


Spher/44 


sTb 


Ksip/251 


sayTdan 


Ak/13 


sepas 


Spek/436 




Ksip/251 


saypur 


Sypwr/4 63 


sepehr 


Kuei/254 


sTba 


Swei/459 


sedr 


Q. t.r/382 




Spher/44 


sTbTdan 


Ksip/251 


seflTs 


Bhili/66 


sepes 


Spis/441 


sTd 


Ksei 2/249 




Su 2/457 


sepTd 


Kuei/254 


sTfTITs 


Bhili/66 



722 



Persian 

S - T 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


sTflTs 


Su 2/457 


sodyom 


S.d.aV403 




Kens/225 


sTftan 


Ksip/251 


soffeh 


Soffeh/433 


soya Chiang-yu/75 


sTj 


Tiegu/479 


soft 


Kup 1/256 


spar 


Sphel/439 


sTIandr 


Skel 1/423 


softan 


Keu 2/232 


- stan 


Sta/444 


sTIT 


Sek/409 


sogal 


Srgala/443 


su 


Teub/478 


sTm 1 


Kern 1/223 


sogand 


Keuk 1/235 


sud 


Sav 1/401 


sTm 2 


Ne 1/322 


sogor 


Sukurna/458 


sudan 


Sek/408 




Sema/413 


Sohrvard 


Keuk 1/235 


suk 


Keuk 1/235 


sTm 3 


Sema/413 


sohrvard 


Wrdho/52 6 




Ku 2/254 


sTm 4 


Sema/413 


sojud 


Masgda/292 


sulak 


Sulaka/458 


sTma 


Dheye/102 


sokuh 


Keu 3/233 


sup 


Seu 2/418 


sTmT 


Gheu 1/162 


som 


Kapho/211 


super 


Upo/490 


sTmT 


Kers 2/230 


soma 


Yu/538 


suq 


Teub/478 


sTmorg 


Kei 1/217 


somak 


Summaq/458 


suqT 


Teub/478 




Merega/306 


somaq 


Summaq/458 


sur 


Keu 4/234 


sTnema 


Kei 2/218 


somaq-pala 


sur 


Kes 2/231 


sTr 


Srira/443 




Summaq/458 


surax 


Keu 2/232 


sTr 1 


Ksiro/252 


sombeh 


Keu 2/232 


surna 


Keu 4/234 


sTr2 


Ksei 1/248 


somTz 


Kern 2/223 


surnay 


Nedo/324 


sTr-o-sekar 


sonbeh 


Keu 2/232 


susan 


Sosen/435 




Ksiro/252 


sonbTdan 


Keu 2/232 


susu 


Chou-shu/75 


sTskabab 


Cixa/76 


sonuseh 


Skeu 1/425 


sux 


Skaivos/421 


sTslTk 


Cixa/76 


soradeq 


Ter 1/474 


suxtan 


Keuk 1/235 


sTstan 


Saka/399 


sorb 


Sru 3/443 


suy 


Kseud/250 


§Tva 


Kei 4/219 


sorfeh 


Ker 3/22 7 


suzan 


Ku 2/254 


sTva 


Swei/459 


soma 


Nedo/324 






sTvan 


Xsi 1/529 


soru 


Ker 1/22 6 




T 


six 


Cixa/76 


sorun 


Klou-ni/242 




sTyah 


Kei 1/217 


sorush 


Kleu 1/240 


tab 


Tep/4 73 


sTyahgus 


Kei 1/217 


sorx 


Keuk 1/235 


tabah 


Steu 2/452 


STyamak 


Kei 1/217 


SOS 


Kwes/2 64 


tabestan 


Sta/444 


STyavas 


Eres 1/130 


soso 


Chou-shu/75 




Tep/4 73 




Kei 1/217 


sostan 


Kseud/250 


tabTdan 


Ten 1/471 


sTzdah 


Dekm/84 


sotorg 


Sta/444 




Tep/4 73 


skureh 


Skeu 2/425 


sotuh 


Teu 1/477 


tabl 


Taburak/ 4 64 


snavar 


Sai 2/398 




Ud 1/486 


taburak 


Taburak/ 4 64 


snehr 


Sneigwh/432 


sotun 


Sta/444 


tadvTn 


Dub/ 111 


soda 


S.d.aV403 


sotur 


Teu 1/477 


tah 


Teus/478 


soda' 


S.d.aV403 


sowr 


Teu 1/477 


Tahamtan Ten 1/472 


sod an 


Kei 2/218 


soxan 


Kas 2/214 


tahamtar 


Tenk/473 



723 



Persian 

T - U 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


tahT 


Teus/478 


tarh 


T.r.h/483 


tTtu 


Titi/480 


Tahmasb 


Ekwos/121 


tarTn 


Ter 1/474 


to 


Tu/483 




Teu 1/477 


tarjom 


Ragamu/384 


tof 


Spyeu/441 


Tahmuras 


Tenk/473 


tarjomeh 


Ragamu/384 


tofang 


Spyeu/441 


Tahmures 


Wei 2/511 


tarsa 


Tres/483 


ton 


Ten 1/472 


taj 


Steg/447 


tarsTdan 


Tres/483 


tonbak 


Dumb/ 112 


tajar 


Steg/447 


tartTr Tartaros/466 




Taburak/464 


TajTk 


Steg/447 


tarxun 


Derk/90 


tond 


Teu 1/477 


taj-var 


Steg/447 


tas 


Tex/4 79 


tondar 


Ten 2/472 


takaddT 


Gwhedh/182 


tast 


Tex/4 79 


tonekeh 


Kitu/238 


takTdan 


Teku 1/468 


tatar 


Tata/467 




Ten 1/472 


takvTn 


K.w.n/266 


tavan 


Teu 1/477 


tome 


Kitu/238 


talar 


Til/ 4 65 


tavosT 


Tokei/481 


tonok 


Ten 1/472 


Talk 


Talk/ 4 65 


tavus 


Tokei/481 


torb 


Tulupos/484 


talk 


Talk/ 4 65 


taxs 


Teku 1/4 68 


tord 


Tuardo/484 


talq 


Talk/ 4 65 


taxtan 


Teku 1/4 68 


tork 


Tu-kue/484 


talx 


Taxi/ 4 67 


taxteh 


Tex/4 79 


torob 


Tulupos/484 


talx-sakuk 


Taxi/ 4 67 


tayer 


Steg/447 


toros 


Ster 3/450 


tarn 


Tem/470 


tazarv 


Teter/476 


torrahat 


Ret/392 


tan 


Ten 1/472 


tazT 


Steg/447 


tors 


Ster 3/450 


tanbaku 


Tabaco/464 


tazTdan 


Teku 1/4 68 


tow'am 


W.a* .m/495 


tanbur : 


Vaburak/464 


tazvTr 


Ghuel/166 


tow'aman 


tang 


Isto/197 


teknTk 


Tex/4 79 




W.a* .m/495 




Tenk/473 


telefon 


Bha 2/50 


toxm 


Teu 1/477 


tangstan 


Stei/447 


telesm 


Kwel/2 61 


tozTdan 


Kwei 2/259 


tanTdan 


Ten 1/472 


televTzion 


We id/504 


traffc 


F.r.q/135 


tanjTdan 


Tenk/473 


tern 


Dhe 2/95 


transit 


Ei/118 


tanur 


Tanur/ '4 66 


tents 


Ten 1/472 


tu 


Teub/478 


tapTdan 


Tep/4 73 


tesneh 


Ters/476 


tubreh 


Teu 1/477 


tar 


Ten 1/471 


tez 


Dhe 2/95 


tudeh 


Gwou/187 


tar 1 


Ter 1/474 


tezar 


Skhai/427 


tufan 


Dheu 2/100 


tar 2 


Ten 1/471 


tTfoTd 


Dheu 2/100 


tuleh 


Ten 1/471 


taraneh 


Ten 1/471 


tTfus 


Dheu 2/100 


tulf 


Terp/4 75 


tarasTdan 


Tex/4 79 


tTm 


Deuk/92 


tup 


Stewe/452 


taraxom 


Dher 2/99 




Tien/480 


turah 


Ten 1/471 


taraz 


Ag/5 


tTr 


Steig/448 








Tel/4 69 


tTr-kas 


Kenk 1/224 




u 


tarazu 


Ag/5 




Steig/448 






Tel/4 69 


tTroTd 


Dhwer/106 


ud 


Agaruh/6 


taVefeh 


A' .r.f/33 


tTseh 


Tex/4 79 


UreTI 


Layh/2 73 



724 



Persian 

u - x 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


UrmTyeh 


Yarah/532 


varun 


Apo/29 


vodka 


Wed/ 4 98 


UrsalTm 


S.l.m/429 




Ardha/33 


vol 


Wrdho/52 6 




Yarah/532 


varz 


Werg 1/519 


voraz 


Varaza/492 


urvar 


Bheu 3/64 


varzav 
varzes 1 


Werg 1/519 
Werg 1/519 


vozu 


Asu /36 




V 


varzTdan 
vasm 


Werg 1/519 
W.s.m/527 




X 


va 


I 2/195 


vasmeh 


W.s.m/527 


xab 


Swep/4 62 


va 


Pekw/358 


vastar 


Wes 4/521 


xadang 


Xalen/529 


vacar 


Kwer/2 63 


vastriyus 


Wes 4/521 


xadieve 


Ghu 1/165 




Wi/523 


vaxsur 


Wekw/508 


xadTv 


Ai w/1 1 


vacargar 


Wi/523 


vay 


Aw/43 


xafj 


Swep/4 62 


vad 


Bata/46 




Wai/495 


xaftan 


Kaftan/203 


vahram 


Wer 3/516 


vaz 


Wekw/508 


xahar 


Seu 1/417 


vak 


Wekw/508 


vazag 


Wego/501 


xaj 


Khac/235 


vaks 


Weg 1/499 


vazageh 


Wego/501 


xajeh 


Ai w/1 1 


val 


Wrdho/52 6 


vazeh 


Wekw/508 




Ghu 1/165 


vala 


Ered/128 


vazelTn 


Wed/ 4 97 


xak 


Xak/528 


valaneh 


Wei 2/510 


vazgan 


Wekw/508 


xakestar 


Ster 1/449 


valaneh 


Wei 2/510 


vazTdan 


Wegh/501 


xalang 


Kulanja/255 


valguneh 


Wrdho/52 6 


vazTr 


Kwer/2 63 


xalanj 


Kulanja/255 


vam 


Ap 2/28 




Wi/523 


xale-ban 


Swer/4 62 


van 


Wen/512 


vel 


Wrdho/52 6 


xaleh 


Swer/4 62 


vang 1 


Eu 1/132 


Venezuela Wen/ 513 


xalTdan 


Swer/4 62 


vang 2 


Wekw/508 


VenTz 


Wen/ 513 


xam 


Kara 2/207 


var 


Wer 1/514 


Venus 


Wen/513 


xamus 


Mer 3/306 


var 1 


Wer 3/516 


vermTsel 


Wer 2/515 


xan 


Khan/236 


var 2 


Wei 3/511 


vTda 


We id/504 




Xvaini/530 


var 3 


Wei 3/511 


vTdTyo 


We id/504 


xandan 


Swen/4 61 


-vard 


Kwer/2 62 


vTIa 


Weik 2/506 


xandaq 


Gwhen 1/183 


vard 


Wrdho/52 6 


vTn 


Woin/525 


xaneh 


Gwhen 1/183 


vardaneh 


Wer 2/514 


vTr 


Wei 2/503 


xam 


Gwhen 1/183 


vardTj 


Wed/ 4 97 


vTrastan 


Ar/31 


xanTdan 


Swen/4 61 


vares 


Wei 2/510 




Wi/523 


xanom 


Umm/488 


varg 


Wer 2/515 


vTrus 


Weis/507 


xar 


Kar 1/212 


vargeneh 




vTs 


Aw/43 


xar 1 


Eter/132 




Gwhen 2/185 


vTskT 


Wed/ 4 98 


xar 2 


Kar 1/212 




Weren/518 


vTtamTn 


Gwei/175 


xara 


Kar 1/212 


vanzeh 


Urigh/490 


vTxtan 


Weik 1/505 


xaramTdan Kram/245 


varj 


Algwh/20 


vTzTt 


We id/504 


Xarazm 


Ghdhem/150 



725 



Persian 

X - Y 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 




Su 1/455 


XTvaq 


Ghdhem/150 


xosu 


Kleu 1/240 


XarazmT 


Ghdhem/150 




Su 1/455 


xotan 


Khitan/236 




Su 1/455 


XTveh 


Ghdhem/150 


xoy 


Sweid/4 60 


xarcang 


Kar 1/212 




Su 1/455 


xu 


Seu 1/417 


xandan 


Kar 1/212 


xTyal 


Ghel/156 


xub 


Op/ 34 4 


xandan 


Kwri/2 69 


xod 


Seu 1/417 




Su 1/454 


xasan 


Ksei 2/249 


Xoda 


Ai w/1 1 


xud 


Skeu 2/425 




Ne 1/321 




Ghu 1/165 


xuk 


Sek/409 


Xasayar 


Eres 1/130 




Seu 1/417 




Su 2/457 


xasayar 


Ksei 1/248 


xoftak 


Swep/4 62 


xun 


Wes 1/520 


xasTdan 


Kes 2/231 


xoftan 


Swep/4 62 


xwar 


Wer 6/517 


xasTsar 


Ksei 2/249 


xojasteh 


Gwhedh/182 






xasm 


Eis 1/119 




Su 1/454 




Y 


xastan 


Suig/457 


xom 


Geu 1/147 






Swad/459 


xonya 


Su 1/454 


ya 


I 2/195 


xastan 


Xad/528 




Wekw/508 


yabTdan 


Ap 2/28 


xasteh 


Xad/528 


xor 


Sawel/402 


yad 


Y em/ 534 


xastu 


Ost/346 


xorangah 


Swel 1/4 61 


yaftan 


Ap 2/28 


xastu 


Steu 1/451 


xorasan 


Sawel/402 


Yahya 


H.n.n/191 


xavar[an] 


Sawel/402 


xord 


Ksudros/252 


yak 


I 2/195 


xavarnag 


Swel 1/4 61 


Xordad 


Sol/434 


yakand 




xavTyar 


Aw/43 


xordan 


Swel 1/4 61 


Hyak 


inthos/193 




Bher 1/58 


xoreh 


Swer/4 62 


Yaman 


Y.m.n/537 


xay 


Sweid/4 60 


xores 


Swel 1/461 


Ya'qub 


A' .q.b/30 


xayeh 


Aw/43 


xorram 


Rem/ 3 90 


yaqut 




xayTdan 


Khad/235 




Su 1/454 


Hyak 


inthos/193 


xeng 


Ghengh/157 


xorsand 


Au 2/39 


yaseh 


Ya/531 


xerad 


Kar 1/212 




Sed/405 


yasm 


Yasfa/532 


xerafstar 


Kwer/2 63 


xorsTd 


Ksei 2/249 


yasna 


Yag/531 


xers 


Rk-tho/396 




Sawel/402 


yavar Ya 


varena/532 


xerxereh 


Gwer 3/180 


xorus 


Ker 3/22 7 


yax 


Eis 2/120 


xesm 


Eis 1/119 


xorusTdan 


Ker 3/22 7 


yazdah 


Dekm/84 


xest 1 


Aidh/9 


xosk 


Saus/401 


yazdah 


I 2/195 


xest 2 


Eres 2/131 


xosnud 


Kes 2/231 


Yazdgerd 


Kwer/2 62 


xeyu 


Sweid/4 60 




Su 1/454 




Yag/531 


xTm 


Haem/189 


xosor 


Kleu 1/240 


yek 


I 2/195 


xTs 1 


Pa/349 




Su 1/454 


yomn 


Y.m.n/537 




Seu 1/417 


xosrow 


Kleu 1/240 


yon 


Ei/119 


xTs2 


Oies/342 




Su 1/454 


yug 


Yeu 1/535 


xTskar 


Oies/342 


xost 


Svas/459 


Yuhanna 


H.n.n/191 



72( 



Persian 

Y - Z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


yunan 


H.n.n/191 


zang 


Ghengh/157 


zendan 


Ghei 2/154 


yuspalang Prs/377 


zanjebTI 


Ker 1/22 6 


zendegT 


Gwei/175 


yuz 


Yeu 3/536 


zanjTr 


Ghei 2/154 


zenhar 


Dher 1/98 


yuzTdan 


Yeu 3/536 


zanu 


Genu 1/142 




Ghei 2/154 


yuzpalang Yeu 3/536 


ZanvTyeh 


Ei/119 


zenudan 


Neu/333 






zaq 


Ghaido/148 


zeolyt 


Yes/534 




z 


zaq-dan 


Ghaido/148 


zereh 


Ghlad/163 




zar 1 


Ger 2/144 


zerseh 


Skhai/427 


zabad 


Z.b.d/540 


zar 1 


Ghel/155 


zest 


Gheis/155 


zabad 


Z.b.d/540 


zar 2 


Ger 2/144 




Isto/197 


zaban 


Dinghw/107 


zar 2 


Ger 4/145 


zTb 


Zay/539 


zad 


Gwhen 2/185 




Kwel/2 60 


zTbaq 


Gwei/175 


zadan 


Gene 1/141 


zard 


Ghel/155 


zTbTdan 


Zay/539 


zadan 


Gwhen 2/185 


zardak 


Ghel/155 


zTlet 


Ijlak/196 


zafar 


Geph/142 


zarf 


Gwebh 1/174 


zimnastTk 


Nogw/339 


za'faran 


S.f.r/419 


zargun 


Geu 1/14 6 


zTn 


Ghei 2/154 


zag 


Wag 2/495 




Ghel/155 


zTr 


En/124 


zagan 


Gan/137 


zarnTx 


Ghel/155 




Sekw/410 


zahab 


Ab 1/1 


zarrad 


Ghlad/163 


zTrak 


Gwei/175 




Ous 2/348 


zarrafeh 




zTreh 


Ger 2/144 




Ud 1/486 




Zarafah/539 


zTstan 


Gwei/175 


zahr 


Gwhen 2/185 


Zartost 


Ger 2/144 


zTvar 


Zay/539 


zahreh 


Ghel/155 




Wes 1/520 


zTyan 


Gweie/176 


zaTdan 


Gene 1/141 


zarvan 


Ger 2/144 


zobdeh 


Z.b.d/540 


zak 


A' .q.b/30 


zav 


Geu 2/147 


zodudan 


Dheu 3 /1 01 


ZakarTya 


Z.k.r/541 


zavar 


Geu 2/147 


zogal 


Dhogh/104 


zakTdan 


Wag 2/495 


zawr 


Gheu 1/162 


zomorrod 


B.r.q/71 


zal 


Ger 2/144 


zaxm 


Gwes/181 


zonnar 


Yds/538 


zaleh 


Gheled/156 


zaxmeh 


Gwes/181 


zornal 


Dei/81 


zaITI 


D. 1.1/108 


zaz 


Wag 2/495 


zos 


Zausa/539 


zam 


Ghei 1/153 


zeft Sphallein/439 


zowj 


Yeu 1/535 


zaman 


Gwa/1 72 


zeh 1 


Gwhi/186 


zowraq 


Gaulos/138 


zamhanr 




zeh2 


Ous 2/348 


zowraqT 


Gaulos/138 




Ghei 1/153 




Ud 1/486 


zrah 


Glei/167 


zamm 


Ghdhem/150 


zehdan 


Ous 2/348 


zud 


Geu 2/147 


zan 


Gwen 1/178 




Ud 1/486 


zup 


J.b.b/198 


zanax 


Genu 2/142 


zekr 


Z.k.r/541 


zur 1 


Geu 2/147 


zanbur 


D.b.r/80 


zemestan 




zur2 


Ghuel/166 


Zand 


Gno/168 




Ghei 1/153 


zuz 


Ang/2 6 


zandTq 


Gno/168 


zena 


Z.n.y/541 




Dus/113 



727 



Persian (Old) 

A - A 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Persian (Old) 




Epi/125 


apa-dana 


Apo/29 






airyanam- 


vaezo 


apa-gaudaya 


A 




Al 1/15 




Gheugh/1 63 






aita 


I 2/195 


apa-had 


Apo/29 


a- 2 


Ne 1/321 


aitiy 


Ei/118 


apa-jan 


Gwhen 2/185 


a- 2 


Ne 1/321 


aiva 


I 2/195 


apa-namaiti 


ab 


Ap 2/28 


aiva-ciy 


I 2/195 




Nem 2/329 


Aba 


Aba/4 




Kwo/2 67 


apa-nyaka 


Apo/29 


aba-cari 


Aba/4 


aivaka 


I 2/195 




Nyaka/341 


a-bar 


Bher 1/59 


aiwi-gaiti 


Gwa/1 73 


apa-ra 


Apo/29 


abi 


Ambhi/21 


aiwi-grad- 


mahi 


aparsam 




abi-af 


Ap 2/28 




Gredh/1 69 




Perk 1 /368 


abi-ap 


Ap 2/28 


aiwis-kar 


Kwer/2 62 


apa-taram 


Apo/29 


abi-dasta 


Ghesto/161 


a-karana 


Ne 1/321 


apa-vasta 


Wes 3/521 


abi-javaya 


Geu 2/147 




Sker 1/424 


ap-avaya 


Aw/43 


abis 


Ambhi/21 


a-ma 


Me 2/293 


apa-xsad- 


a Xsad/529 


abiy 


Ambhi/21 


amaxam 


Ne 2/322 


apaya 


Epi/125 


adam 


Eg/ 118 


amiy 


Es 2/131 


apayeiti 


Ap 2/28 


adhi-vaina 


Dheye/102 


a-muntha 


Meug/308 


ape 


Epi/125 


adi 


En/124 


a-mutha 


Meug/308 


apiy 


Epi/125 


adi-sta 


En/124 


a-muyamno Ne 1/321 


ar 


Er 1/126 




Sta/444 


an- 


Ne 1/321 


aradra 


Ar/31 


adi-var 


En/124 


ana 


An 3/25 


aran 


Al 1/15 


a-dsta 


Ghesto/161 


an-ahita 


Ne 1/321 


arasni 


El 3 /122 


adyi 


En/124 


an-aosa 


Ne 1/321 


arata 


Ar/31 


aesmo 


Aidh/9 


an-tar 


En/124 


a-raw 


Leu/280 


aeta 


I 2/195 


antara 


En/124 


arda- 


Arg/34 


aeva 


I 2/195 


an-tare 


En/124 


arda-stana Arg/34 


aeva 


I 2/195 


anu 


An 3/25 


ardata 


Arg/34 


aeva-dasa 


Dekm/84 


anu-i 


An 3/25 


Ardha 


Ardha/33 




I 2/195 


an-usant 


Ne 1/321 


ardu 


Reg 1/387 


aeva-data 


I 2/195 


anuv 


An 3/25 


areta 


Ar/31 


af 


Ap 2/28 


anya 


An 2/24 


aria 


Al 1/15 


a-gaud 


Gheugh/1 63 


aok 


Wegwh/502 


arika 


Ens/125 


aguru 


Agurru/7 


aora 


Au 2/39 


arjana 


Algwh/20 


ahrika 


Ens/125 


ap 1 


Ap 2/28 


arsan 


Eres 1/130 


aimya 


An 2/24 


ap2 


Apo/29 


arsan-aspa 


aina 


I 2/195 


apa 


Apo/29 




Eres 1/130 


aipi 


Epi/125 


apa-ardha 


Apo/29 


arsta 


Reg 1/387 


aipi-areta 


Ar/31 




Ardha/33 


arsti 


Eres 2/131 



72S 



Persian (Old) 

A - 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


arsti-bara 




au-saudThtwei 


Bardiya 


Bhergh/62 


Eres 2/131 




Keu 3/233 


barsan 


Bhergh/62 


arta2 


Ar/31 


ava 1 


Au 2/39 


basta 


Bhendh/57 


arta-aran 


Ar/31 


ava 2 


I 2/195 


Batiaxe 


Batiaxe/ '47 


arta-pa 


Ar/31 


a-vac 


Wekw/508 


baud-a 


Bheudh/65 


art-aran 


Al 1/15 


ava-hya 


So/433 


baug 


Bheug/65 


arta-xsathra 


Ar/31 


ava-jan 


Gwhen 2/185 


bav 


Bheu 3/64 


a-ru-ta 


Leu/280 


ava-pat 


Pet 1/370 


bax-ta 


Bhag/51 


as 1 


Ak/12 


avara 


Au 2/39 


baxto-data Bhag/51 


as 2 


Neku/328 


ava-rad 


Redh/386 


bisazka 


Bha 2/50 


asa 


Ak/13 


ava-sta 


Sta/444 


braij 


Bher 2/59 


asa 


Neku/328 


avaya 


Aw/43 


braz 


Bhergh/62 


asa-daru Deru 1 /91 


awa 


So/433 


brTzi 


Urigh/490 


asam 


Ak/13 


a warn 


So/433 


bum? 


Bheu 3/64 


asan 


Ak/12 


a-xsae-na Ne 1/321 


bumT-mathan 




Ak/12 


ay 


Ei/118 




Bheu 3/64 


asenga 


Ak/12 


aya 


Leu/280 


busyant 


Bheu 3/64 


as-man 


Ak/12 


a-zar 


Gher 1/158 


busyeity 


Bheu 3/64 


as-mana 


Ak/12 


azara 


Gher 1/158 


buta 


Bheu 3/64 


aspa-canah 


Ka 1/201 


a-zarema 


-dugeda 






ast 


Ost/346 




Ger 2/144 




c 


asta 3 


Okto/342 




Ne 1/321 




asta-dasa 


Okto/342 


a-zasta 


Gwhedh/182 


ca 


Kwe/258 


asta-iti 


Dekm/84 


azda 


Me 2/294 


ca 


Kwe/258 


astaiti 


Okto/342 


azem 


Eg/ 118 


cah-man 


Tres/483 


a-stana 


Sta/444 






Cairya 


Cirya/76 


astati 


Okto/342 




B 


cakra 


Kwel/2 60 


astra2 Eres 2/131 




cam 


Kara 2/207 


a-sur 


Ne 1/321 


baesaza 


Bha 2/50 


canah 


Ka 1/201 


a-sya Kweye/266 


baga 


Bhag/51 


capu-ka 


Trep 1/482 


athagaina 


Ak/12 


baga 


Bhag/51 


Carya 


Cirya/76 


athanga 


Ak/12 


baga-buxsa Bheug/65 


cat 


Gwhen 1/183 


athangaina 


Ak/12 


Balut 


Balut/46 


cath-man 


Tres/483 


athur-pat-ga 


n Pa/349 


bandaka 


Bhendh/57 


catvare-sat Dekm/84 


ati 


Eti/132 


baodhi 


Bheudh/65 


caune 


Keu 4/234 


auruma 


Er 1/126 


baoidi 


Bheudh/65 


caxra 


Kwel/2 60 


aurva 


Er 1/126 


bar 


Bher 1/58 


caxra 


Kwel/2 60 


aurvant 


Er 1/126 




Bher 1/59 


ci 


Skhai/427 


aurvat-aspa 




baraiti 


Bher 1/58 


cifsati 


Kap/210 




Er 1/126 


bard- 


Bhergh/62 


cinah 


Ka 1/201 



12[ 



Persian 


(Old) 


C - G 




WORD 


Root/Page 


cinman 


Ka 1/201 


Cirya 


Cirya/76 


Cirya 


Cirya/76 


cis-ciy 


Kwo/2 67 


ciy 1 


Kwe/258 


ciy2 


Kwo/2 67 


Cop 


Cop/ 7 7 


Cop-gan 


Cop/ 7 7 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



D 

dahyu Dhis/103 

daika Dheigh/96 

dainhu Dhis/103 

dais Dheye/102 

dan Gnd/168 

dana Gnd/168 

Danavo Da 2/79 

danaxe Dhe 1 /93 
dano Dhe 1 /93 

danu Da 2/79 

danuva Da 2/79 

dao-satara Deu 1/92 
dar Dher 1/98 

dar2 Dher 1/98 

daraniya Ghel/155 

daraniya-kara 

Ghel/155 
darayat-vahu 

Dher 1/98 
darga Del/86 

dars Dhars/93 

darsam Dhars/93 

daru Deru 1 /91 

dasa Dekm/84 

dasta Ghesto/161 

dasta-karta 

Ghesto/161 
dausa Deu 1/92 

daustar Geus/148 



dav2 Dheu 3 /101 
daw Dheu 1/99 

day Dheye/102 

dega-vara Dheigh/96 
Wer 3/516 
dT Dheye/102 

dida Dheigh/96 

dipi Dub/111 

dr Dher 1/98 

drayah Glei/167 

du Dheu 3 /101 

dura Deu 2/92 

durae Deu 2/92 

durat Deu 2/92 

duruj Dhreugh/105 

duva-ista Deu 2/92 
duvara Dhwer/106 
dvar Dhwer/106 



E 



ena 



I 2/195 



fra Per 2/36"4 

fra-a-mus Mer 3/306 
fra-ardha Ardha/33 
fra-bar Bher 1/59 

Per 1/364 
fra-jan Gwhen 2/185 
fra-ma-na Me 2/293 
fra-namaiti 

Nem 2/329 
fra-nay Nei 2/326 
frardha Ardha/33 

frardha-van 

Ardha/33 
fra-sa Kwei 2/259 
Fra-sanga 

Fra-sanga/134 



frasta Perk 1 /368 
frasta Perk 1 /368 
frava Per 1/364 

fra-vahr Wer 3/516 
fra-var Wer 3/516 

fra-varna Wer 3/516 
fra-var-tinam 

Wer 3/516 
fravasi Wer 3/516 

fravata Per 1/364 
fra-vaxs Wekw/508 

fsu-paiti Pa/349 



gabawo Gwebh 2/174 
gac Gassu/138 

gad Gwhedh/182 

gaesa Ghait/149 

gaesu Ghait/149 

gaetha Gwei/175 

gaetha-nam Gwei/175 
gaitha Gwei/175 

gaitha Gwou/187 

gam Gwa/1 72 

gama Gwa/1 72 

gan 1 Gwhen 1/183 
Gwhen 1/184 
gar Gwer 3/180 

garb-ayaiti 

Ghrebh/1 64 
garma Gwher/186 

garma-pada 

Gwher/186 
gasta Gwedh/1 74 

gat Gwa/1 72 

gathu Gwa/1 72 

gatu-bar Gwa/1 72 

gatus Gwa/1 72 

gaub Ghu 1/165 



730 



Persian (Old) 

G - K 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


gaud 


Gheugh/1 63 


ham-tauj 


Steu 2/452 


mam 


I 2/195 


gauru-ayeiti 


ham-taux 


Steu 2/452 


sta 


Isto/197 




Ghrebh/1 64 


han-du 


Dheu 3 /101 


sti 


Aidh/9 


gav 


Gwa/1 72 


han-gama 


Gwa/1 72 


-iti 


Dekm/84 


gemmons 


Gwa/1 73 


hangmatana Gwa/1 72 






gemton 


Gwa/1 73 


hapta 


Septm/414 




J 


gerew-aiti 




hapta-dasa 






Ghrebh/1 64 




Septm/414 


am 


Gwa/1 72 


gerewn-aTti 


hapta-iti 


Dekm/84 


amana 


Gwa/1 72 




Ghrebh/1 64 


haptaiti 


Septm/414 


an 


Gwhen 2/185 


gerezdi 


Gredh/1 69 


haraiva 


Ser 1/414 


antu 


Gwa/1 72 


ges 


Ghait/149 


hareva 


Ser 1/414 


atara 


Gwhen 2/185 


gesuk 


Ghait/149 


hasiya 


Es 2/131 


athra 


Gwhen 2/185 


gimsenin 


Gwa/1 73 


hau2 


So/433 


Tta 


Gwei/175 


gra 


Gredh/1 69 


haus 


Saus/401 


iva 


Gwei/175 


grab 


Ghrebh/1 64 


haus-a 


Saus/401 


utan 


Geu 3/148 


gratha 


Ger 1/143 


hauv 


So/433 


va 


Gwei/175 


gravatha 


Ger 1/143 


haxa 


Sekw/410 






gub 


Ghu 1/165 


haxa-manis 




K 








Men 1/301 






H 




Sekw/410 


ka 1 


Kwo/2 67 




hazana 


Dinghw/107 


ka2 


Ka 1/201 


ha 1 


Sem 1/412 


hend 


Sy and/ 463 


<ai 


Skhai/427 


ha 2 


So/433 


hendT 


Sy and/ 463 


kai-gi 


Kwo/267 


haca 


Sekw/410 


hezum 


Aidh/9 


kam 1 


Kwo/2 67 


had 


Sed/405 


hizana 


Dinghw/107 


kam2 


Ka 1/201 


ha-da 


Sem 1/412 


ho 


So/433 


(ama 


Ka 1/201 


had-is 


Sed/405 


hu 


Su 1/455 


<amna 


Kamma/208 


haiz 


Suig/457 


hu-jasta 


Gwhedh/182 


<amno 


Kamma/208 


ham 


Sem 1/412 


hu-jyati 


Gwei/175 


kan 1 


Gwhen 1/183 


ha-mazan 




huska 


Saus/401 




Gwhen 1/184 




Magh 2/289 


hu-ux-tay 


Wekw/508 


can pa 


Kam 2/207 


ham-basta Bhendh/57 


huvarazm 


Ts 


<apastay 


ham-dais- 


a 




Ghdhem/150 




Kapastay/210 




Dheye/102 




Su 1/455 


<apasti 




ham-du 


Dheu 3 /1 01 


hya 


So/433 




Kapastay/210 


ham-gmat 


ana 






capautaka 




Gwa/1 72 




1 




Kavuta/215 


ham-karta 


Sem 1/412 




capithe 


Kap/210 


ham-taug 


Steu 2/452 


ima 


I 2/195 


<apul 


Kapul/211 



731 



Persian (Old) 

K - N 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


kar 1 


Kwer/2 62 


maeg 


Maghl/288 


mithra 


Mei 4/297 


kar2 


Koro/244 


magus 


Maghl/288 


moghu 


Maghl/288 


kara 1 


Kwer/2 62 


magus 


Maghl/288 


mus 


Mer 3/306 


kara2 


Koro/244 


mah 


Me 2/293 






kara-manah 


mah-tab 


Me 2/293 




N 




Kwer/2 62 


mahya 


Me 2/293 




Karana 


Sker 1/424 


maixa 


Mei 2/296 


na 1 


Ne 1/321 


karem 


Wer 2/515 


maiy 


Eg/ 118 


nada 


Nedo/324 


kars 


Kenk 1/224 


man 1 


Men 1/301 


Naema 


Naema/ 31 7 


karsi-ptan Oku/343 


man 2 


Men 2/303 


naf 


Nobh/337 




Pet 1/370 


mana 1 


Eg/ 118 


nafa 


Nobh/337 


Karsvar 




mana 2 


Dem/86 


nafah 


Nobh/337 




Karsvar / '214 


manah 


Men 1/301 


naf 6 


Nobh/337 


kas 


Kak 3/205 


manis 


Men 1/301 


Nagan 


Nagan/ 318 


kasa 


Kenk 1/224 


manya 


Dem/86 


Nagan 


Nagan/ 318 


kas-ciy 


Kwo/2 67 


mar 


Mer 2/305 


nan 


Nas/320 


kas-ista 


Kak 3/205 


mard 


Mer 2/305 


naham 


Nas/320 


kasu 


Kak 3/205 


mard-una 


Mer 2/305 


naiba 


Nei 1/325 


kas-yah 


Kak 3/205 


mahya 


Mer 2/305 


naiy 


Ne 1/321 


kaufa 


Geu 1/14 6 


marta 


Mer 2/305 


naktin 


Noktis/339 


Kaz 


Kaz/ 216 


martiya 


Mer 2/305 


nam 


Nem 2/329 


Kaz 


Kaz/ 216 


mas 


Mak/290 


namaiti 


Nem 2/329 


kerma 


Wer 2/515 


masah 


Mak/290 


naman 


Nomn/340 


kermi 


Wer 2/515 


mas-ista 


Mak/290 


napa 


Nepot/330 


kirsman 


Ker 4/228 


mas-ya 2 


Mak/290 


napat 


Nepot/330 


krta 


Kwer/2 62 


mas-yah 


Mak/290 


naptis 


Nepot/330 


kupsins 


Kup 2/256 


math-ista 


Mak/290 


nard 


Neu/333 


Ku-ra-as 


Sker 1/424 


mathi-yah 


Meg/295 


nath 


Nek 1/327 


Ku-ras 


Sker 1/424 


ma-tya 


Me 1/292 


nau 


Na 1/316 


Kuraus 


Sker 1/424 


mayuxa 


Mei 2/296 


nava-dasa Dekm/84 


Kuru 


Sker 1/424 


maz 


Meg/295 


nava-iti 


Dekm/84 


Kurus 


Sker 1/424 


mazah 


Meg/295 


navama 


Newn/333 






mazan 


Meg/295 


nav-dan 


Da 2/79 




M 


mazant 


Meg/295 




Na 1/316 






Mazaxa 




naviya 


Na 1/316 


ma 1 


Me 2/293 


Madhaxa/ 287 


nay 


Nei 2/326 


ma 2 


Me 1/292 


maz-ista 


Meg/295 


nayeiti 


Nei 2/326 


Madhaxa 




maz-yah 


Meg/295 


nemah 2 


Nem 2/329 




Madhaxa/ 2 87 


megan 


Maghl/288 


nemata 1 


Nem 2/329 


Madika 


Madhaxa/ 2 87 


merezu-jTta 


ni 1 


Ni 1/335 








Gwei/175 







732 



Persian (Old) 

N - P 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


nT2 


Nei 2/326 


pa 2 


Apo/29 


pare-sa i 


Perk 1 /368 


ni 3 


Ne 1/321 


pad 


Ped/353 


pari-bar 


Bher 1/59 




Nei 1/325 


pad 


Ped/353 


pariy 


Per 1/364 


ni-az 


Ni 1/335 


pada 


Ped/353 


Parni 


Parth/352 


ni-da 


Ni 1/335 


padha 


Ped/353 


Parsa 


Parsa/352 


ni-gama 


Ni 1/335 


pairi-vara 


Wer 3/516 


Parth 


Parth/352 


nT-gaona 


Ni 1/335 


pairi-xaezanuha 


Parthava 


Parth/352 


ni-gaosa 


Ni 1/335 




Suig/457 


Partia 


Parth/352 


nigay 


Gei/138 


paith 


Peig/356 


paru 


Pel 1/359 


ni-gerepto 


paiti 1 


Pa/349 


paruva 


Per 1/364 




Ghrebh/1 64 


paiti 2 


Per 3/366 


paru-zana 


Pel 1/359 


ni-had 


Ni 1/335 


paitT 3 


Per 3/366 




Wer 3/516 




Sed/405 


paiti-aok 


Wegwh/502 


pasa 


Apo/30 


nij 


Nis/ 33 6 


paiti-ar 


Per 3/367 


pasca 


Apo/30 


ni-jama 


Gwa/1 73 


paiti-dama 


Pa/349 


pasca 


Apo/30 


ni-jan 


Gwhen 2/185 


paiti-grab 


Ghrebh/1 64 


paskat 


Apo/30 




Ni 1/335 




Per 3/367 


pasto 


Wes 3/521 


ni-kan 


Gwhen 1/184 


paiti-jathra 




pat 


Pet 1/370 


ni-kasa 


Ni 1/335 


Gwhen 2/185 


path 


Pent/ 3 62 


ni-ma 


Ni 1/335 




Per 3/367 


patha 


Pent/ 3 62 


ni-pais 


Ni 1/335 


paiti-kara 


Kwer/2 62 


pathi 


Pent/ 3 62 




Peig/356 


paiti-kara 


Kwer/2 62 


pathra 


Pa/349 


ni-paith 


Peig/356 


paiti-sahva 




pati 


Per 3/366 


ni-part 


Ni 1/335 




Kas 2/214 


pati-a-bar 


Bher 1/59 


nis 


Nis/ 33 6 


paiti-vara 


Wer 3/516 


pati-ara 


Er 1/126 


nis-bar 


Nis/ 33 6 


paiti-xsathra Pa/349 




Per 3/367 


ni-shidhaiti Ni 1/335 


paity-ara 


Er 1/126 


pati-baus 


Bheudh/65 


ni-sta 


Sta/444 




Per 3/367 


pati-grab 


Per 3/367 


nista 


Sta/444 


pana 


Pa/349 


pati-jan ( 


Swhen 2/185 


ni-us-tavah Ne 1/321 


pa-nah 


Na 2/316 


pati-kara 


Per 3/367 


ni-vart 


Ni 1/335 




Pa/349 


pati-natha 


Na 2/316 




Wer 2/514 


pa-natha 


Na 2/316 


patiy 


Pa/349 


ni-xsvaepa Ni 1/335 


panca-sat 


Dekm/84 




Per 3/366 


nuram 


Newo/334 


pan-s-dau 


Apo/29 


paurvata-vac 


Nyaka 


Nyaka/341 


pant 


Pent/ 3 62 




Wekw/508 


Nyaka 


Nyaka/341 


panta 


Pent/ 3 62 


pavan 


Pa/349 






para 


Per 1/364 


pavasta 


Wes 3/521 




P 


para 


Per 1/364 


piru 


Yb/533 




para-bar 


Bher 1/59 


po 


Apo/29 


pa 1 


Pa/349 


parav 


Pel 1/359 


ptata 


Pet 1/370 



733 



Persian (Old) 

P - T 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



puca 



queke 



P6u/376 



Q 



Keku/219 



R 



ra 1 


Er 1/126 


rad 1 


Ar/32 


rad2 


Redh/386 


radh 


Redh/386 


radiy 


Ar/32 


Raga 


Raga/384 


Raga 


Raga/384 


Raika 


Raika/385 


ram 


Rem/ 390 


raodah 


Ser 1/415 


raodaiti 


Ser 1/415 


ras 1 


Er 1/126 


ras2 


Redh/386 


rasa 


Er 1/126 


rasta 


Reg 1/387 


ratha 


Ret/392 


rau 


Leu/280 


raucah 


Leuk/282 


rautah 


Ser 1/415 


ris 2 


Rei 2/389 


nz 


Rei 2/389 


ru 


Leu/280 


rup 


Leup/283 


rupa 


Leup/283 



sa 1 


Kwei 2/259 


sa3 


Kweye/2 66 


Sabha 


Aba/4 


sah 1 


Kas 2/214 


saiti 1 


Dekm/84 



saiti 2 Kweye/2 66 

saka 1 Saka/399 

saka 2 Kwon/2 68 
saka-stana Saka/399 

sam So/433 

san Gwhen 1/182 

sang Ak/12 

sard Kel 1/220 

sas 1 Kas 2/214 

sasna Kas 2/214 

sasta Kas 2/214 

sastar Kas 2/214 

sat Dekm/84 

saw Kei 2/218 

sax Ak/12 

saxvan Kas 2/214 

sfard Tuardo/484 

sim So/433 
Sinkadrus 

Sinkadrus/420 

sipithra Kuei/254 

siyaman Sema/413 

siyav Kei 2/218 

skuba Epi/125 
Spek/436 
Slaunis Klou-ni/242 

spa 1 Kwon/2 68 

spada Kwon/2 68 

spaka Kwon/2 6"8 

sparda Tuardo/484 

srad Ter 2/4 74 

srada Ter 1/474 

sta 1 Sta/444 

Sta 1 Sta/444 

Sta 1 Sta/444 

Sta 3 Stai 2/445 

stamb Stebh/44 6 
stambaka Stebh/44 6 

stan Stai 2/445 

stata Sta/444 



sti 

stuna 
stuna 
suno 



Sta/444 

Sta/444 

Sta/444 

Kwon/2 68 



sya 2 Kweye/2 6"6" 

syangh Gwhen 1/182 
syatT Kweye/2 6"6" 

syava-arsan 

Eres 1/130 



acara 


Steg/447 


aega 


Steig/448 


aeza 


Steig/448 


aiy 


Tu/483 


aos 


Teus/478 


ap-stana 


Sta/444 


ata 


Pet 1/370 


auma 


Teu 1/477 


ava 


Tu/483 


axsa 


Teku 1/4 68 


hah 


Kens/225 


haman 


Gwa/1 72 


hard 


Kel 1/220 


hatiy 


Kens/225 


hrah 


Tres/483 


hrah-man 


Tres/483 


hras-man 


Tres/483 


hrayo 


Trei/481 


hri 


Trei/481 


hri-dasa 


Trei/481 


hri-sat 


Dekm/84 


hrisat 


Trei/481 


hri-thatra 


Trei/481 


ti 


Dekm/84 


igra 


Steig/448 


igra 


Steig/448 


igra-xauda 




Skeu 2/425 



734 



Persian (Old) 

T - W 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


tri-dasa 


Dekm/84 


uta 


I 2/195 


vard 


Werg 1/519 


tu 


Tu/483 


uta 


I 2/195 


vardana 


Wer 3/516 


turn 


Tu/483 


u-tana 


Su 1/455 


varesna 


Eres 1/130 


tus 


Teus/478 


uv 


Su 1/455 


varet 


Wer 2/514 


tusen 


Teus/478 


u-vara-zmi 


varkana 


Wei 2/510 


tussya 


Teus/478 




Ghdhem/150 


varnak 


Weren/518 


tuvam 


Tu/483 




Su 1/455 


vart 


Wer 2/514 


tvam 


Tu/483 


uv-aspa 


Su 1/455 


vas 


Wek/507 






uv-asstika Su 1/455 


vasiy 


Wek/507 




u 


u-vaxstra 


Aueg/4 


vasna 


Wek/507 






Su 1/455 


vaxs 


Aueg/40 


u 


Su 1/455 


uv-nara 


Su 1/455 


vaxs 1 


Wekw/508 


u-arstika 


Eres 2/131 


ux 


Wekw/508 


vazraka 


Weg 2/500 


u-barta 


Su 1/455 


u-xsnav 


Su 1/455 


ven-am 


Dheye/102 


u-cara 


Su 1/455 


uz-davayati 


vT2 


Wi/523 


ud 


Ud 1/486 




Dheu 3 /101 




Wi/524 


ud-a-pat-; 


ata 


uz-du 


Dheu 3 /101 


vi 3 


Wi/523 




Pet 1/370 


uzma 


Ghdhem/150 




Wi/524 


ud-pat 


Pet 1/370 




Ud 1/486 


vi-jan 


Gwhen 2/185 


ud-zma 


Ghdhem/150 






vi-kan 


Gwhen 1/184 




Ud 1/486 




V 


vi-nath 


Nek 1/327 


u-frasta 


Su 1/455 




visa 


Wi/524 


uiti 


I 2/195 


va 


I 2/195 


vi-saiti 


Dekm/84 


u-kara 


Koro/244 


va 


I 2/195 


vispa 


Wi/524 




Su 1/455 


vacah 


Wekw/508 


vith 


Weik 2/506 


u-martiya 


Su 1/455 


vae 


Dheye/102 


vitha 


Weik 2/506 


upa 


Upo/489 


vaeca 


Weik 1/505 


vi-vacah 


Wekw/508 


upa 


Upo/489 


vaeg 


Weik 1/505 


viyaxna 


Eis 2/120 


upa-aitiy 


Ei/118 


vae-na 


Dheye/102 


vriz 


Urigh/490 


upa-ay-a 


Ei/118 


vaenami 


Dheye/102 


Vrsa 


Vrsa/494 


upairi-vara 


vahana 


Wes 3/521 


Vrsna 


Vrsa/494 




Wer 3/516 


vahara 


Aus 2/41 


Vtra 


Gurdos/170 


upa-sard 


Kel 1/220 


vaina 


Dheye/102 


Vurt 


Gurdos/170 


u-ratha 


Ret/392 


vainahiy 


Dheye/102 


vyaxa 


Weik 1/505 




Su 1/455 


vak 


Wekw/508 


vyaxman 


Weik 1/505 


urvara 


Bheu 3/64 


van 


Wen/512 






urvinj 


Urigh/490 


var 6 


Wer 3/516 




w 


uska 


Saus/401 


vara 2 


Wer 3/516 




us-tra 


Wes 1/520 


vara 2 


Wer 3/516 


wai 


Dheye/102 


ustra 


Wes 1/520 


vara-gna 


Gwhen 2/185 


waig 


Weik 1/505 



735 



Persian (Old) 

w - z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


waik 


Weik 1/505 


xswaip 


Ksip/251 


zarwan 


Ger 2/144 


waix 


Weik 1/505 


xvarazmTs 




zasta 


Ghesto/161 


wak 


Wekw/508 




Ghdhem/150 


zaurva 


Ger 2/144 


wank 


Wekw/508 




Su 1/455 


zba 


Dinghw/107 


ward 


Ered/128 


xvarizem 


Ghdhem/150 


zem 


Ghei 1/153 


wars 


Wer 2/514 




Su 1/455 


zimo 


Ghei 1/153 


wi 


Wi/523 


xvTsat 


Suig/457 


zurah 


Ghuel/166 




Wi/524 






zusto 


Geus/148 


wi-kar 


Kwer/2 62 




Y 


zya 1 


Ghei 1/153 


wi-ward 


Ered/128 




zyao 


Ghei 1/153 






yah 4 


Yds/538 








X 


yahma 


Yds/538 








yana 


H.n.n/191 






xaezanu 


na Suig/457 


yanhaeiti 


Yds/538 






xan 


Gwhen 1/183 


yasta 


Yds/538 








Gwhen 1/184 


yauna 


H.n.n/191 






xaoda 


Skeu 2/425 


yauviya 


Yau/532 






xauda 


Skeu 2/425 


yazato-karteta 






xaya 


Aw/43 




Kwer/2 62 






xram 


Kr am/245 










xrT 


Kwri/2 69 




z 






xsaca 


Ksei 1/248 








Xsad 


Xsad/529 


za3 


Gwhedh/182 






Xsaivan 


Xsi 1/529 


zadiyamiy 








xsa-thra 


Ksei 1/248 




Gwhedh/182 






xsathra 


Ksei 1/248 


zahr 


Ghel/155 






xsay 


Ksei 1/248 


zaidhyem 








xsaya-arsan 




Gwhedh/182 








Eres 1/130 


zam 


Ghdhem/150 






XsT1 


Xsi 1/529 


zan2 


Gnd/168 






xsi 2 


Ksei 1/248 


zana 1 


Gene 1/141 






xsip 


Ksip/251 


zana 2 


Gnd/168 






xsna 


Gno/168 


zaoso 


Geus/148 






xsvaepa 


Ksip/251 


zar 1 


Gher 1/158 






xsvas 


Sweks/4 60 


zar2 


Ger 2/144 






xsvas-dasa Dekm/84 


zara 1 


Ghel/155 








Sweks/4 60 


zara-ustra 








xsvas-ti 


Dekm/84 




Ger 2/144 






xsvasti 


Sweks/4 60 




Wes 1/520 






xswaif 


Ksip/251 


zarman 


Ger 2/144 







131 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Portugese 

C - T 

WORD Root/Page 



Portugese 



cable 
cumerx 



Habl/189 
Merk/307 



greba Gurb/1 70 

M 

moncao w.s.m/52 7 



tabaco Tabaco/464 
teca Sakah/399 

tombac Tem/470 



737 



Russian 

A - U 

WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Russian 



assignatsia Sekw/410 

B 

balalayka Baba/45 
borzoy Mregu/312 



camadan Yds/538 



D 

drozki Dhragh 1/105 



K 

kaftan Kaftan/203 
kaljaska Kwel/2 61 

koleso Kwel/2 61 



tata 
tsar 



put 



Pent/ 3 62 



samo-vari Sem 1/412 
samo-varitT 

Sem 1/412 
samo-variti 

Wer 5/517 

samo-war Sem 1/412 

Wer 5/517 



Atos/38 
Skhai/427 



varit Wer 5/517 

voda Wed/498 

vodka Wed/498 



Russian (Old) 



U 



u- 
u-krai 



Au 2/39 
Au 2/39 



13i 



Sanskrit 

A - G 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Sanskrit 


bhagavant-gita 




D 








Bhag/52 


da 4 


Do 2/109 




A 


bha-la 


Bhe/53 


daman 


De 1/80 






bhavita 


Bhou/67 


datar 


Do 2/109 


a- 


Ne 1/321 


bhay 


Bhoi/67 


datra 


Da 1/78 


Aba 


Aba/4 


bhT-ma 


Bhoi/67 


dhaman 


Dhe 2/95 


adgah 
aeta 


Ozgho/348 
I 2/195 


bhu 
bhuta 


Bheu 3/64 
Bheu 3/64 


dhan 
dhar 
dhara 
dhav 


Dhen/97 
Dher 1/98 

Da 1/78 
Dheu 1/99 


a-gar 


Gherto/160 


bohyah 


Bhe/53 


Agaruh 


Agaruh/ 6 


brahman 


Bhergh/63 


aina 


I 2/195 


brhant 


Bhergh/63 


dhav 


Dheu 3 /101 


aita 


I 2/195 


budha 


Bheudh/65 






-akah 


Akos/13 


budhati 


Bheudh/65 


dhi 


Dheye/102 


Amalaka 


Amalaka/20 






dhyanah 


Dheye/102 










dT 


Dei/81 


a-mars 
Amlak 


Mer 3/306 
Amalaka/20 




c 


dtp 


Dei/81 


an- 


Ne 1/321 


cadaiti 


Sked 2/422 


dTrga 


Del/86 


ancati 
angam 


Ang/2 6 
Ang/2 6 


cakora 
cakta 


Kau 2/215 
Kak 1/204 


druna 
duhi-tar 


Deru 1 /91 
Dheugh/101 


antarah 


An 2/24 


cal 


Kwel/2 60 








Ter 1/474 


camati 


Kwen 2/2 62 




E 


araeka 


Er 1/126 


camati 


Kwen 2/2 62 






ari 


Er 1/126 


candrah- 


raga 


ena 


I 2/195 


arika 


Er 1/126 




Kand 1/209 






Arya 


Al 1/15 


carah 


Sper/437 




G 


astau 


Okto/342 


cattra 


Sked 2/422 




asti 


Es 2/131 


catur-anga Ang/2 6 


ga 


Gei/138 


asu 


An 1/24 




Kwetwer/265 


gahate 


Gwadh/1 73 


asura 


An 1/24 


caxa 


Kak 2/205 


gana 


Gwhen 1/182 


asva-tara 


Ekwos/121 


Cexara 


Cixa/76 


gar 


Gherto/160 






cipha 


Kiph/237 


gargarah 


Gwer 3/180 




B 


Ctxa 


Cixa/76 


gauh 


Gwou/187 




Cixa 


Cixa/76 


gayatT 


Gei/138 


bahis 


Bhe/53 


cod at? 


Skeud 1/426 


ghat 


Gher 3/159 


Belur 


Velur/494 


cokah 


Keku/219 


ghukah 


Ghuk/166 


bhaga 


Bhag/52 


Crgala 


Srgala/443 


glau-h 


Gel/139 


bhaga-dhara Bhag/52 


crT 


Klis/241 


glav 


Gel/139 




Dher 1/98 


cvitra 


Kuei/254 


gna 


Gwen 1/178 


bhagavant-gita 






goh 


Gwou/187 




Gei/138 






gop 


Gwou/187 



735 



Sanskrit 

G - M 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


gopa 


Gwou/187 


jarate 


Ger 4/145 


krsna 


Ker 4/228 


go-pa-h 


Gwou/187 


jas 


Gwes/181 


ksa 


Gwhder/181 


6orah Ghou-ro-s/164 


jihva 


Dinghw/107 


ksiptam 


Ksip/251 


Gotra 


Gotra/169 


jTrna 


Ger 2/144 


ksTra 


Ksiro/252 


granth 


Ger 1/143 






ksudrah 


Ksudros/252 


grath 


Ger 1/143 




K 


Kulanja 


Kulanja/255 


guhati 


Gheugh/1 63 




kunce 


Kung/255 


gula 


Gel/139 


Kaca 


Kuatos/254 


kundruka 




guna 


Gwen 1/178 


kaca 


Xac 1/528 




Kand 1/209 


gunj 


Gang/ 137 


kalama 


Kolemos/242 


kunthah 


Kund/255 






kalasah 


Kel 5/222 


kutsa 


Keued/234 




H 


kan 


Gwen 1/178 








kandana 


Kand 1/209 




L 


hamsTh 


Ghans/149 


kandrak 


Kand 1/209 




hanu 


Genu 2/142 


kankarta 


Kar 1/212 


lac 


Reg 3/388 


hara 


Ser 3/416 


kankatih 


Kar 1/212 


lak 


Alek/19 


hastah 


Ghesto/161 


kanya 


Gwen 1/178 


laksa 


Alek/19 


hima 


Ghei 1/153 


kapT 


Kup 2/256 


laksa 


Reg 3/388 


hima-alaya 


kapi 


Kup 2/256 


laktakah 


Lek/2 79 




Ghei 1/153 


kapila 


Kup 2/256 


langah 


Longos/284 


hingu 


Embhi/123 


kapota 


Kavuta/215 


layah 


Lei/ 27 5 


hu 


Dinghw/107 


kara 


Kur/257 


lekha 


Rei 2/389 


hva 


Dinghw/107 


karkarah 


Kar 1/212 


liksa 


Erek/129 






karkatah 


Kar 1/212 


Limu 


Nimbu/336 




I 


Karpasah 




lop 


Leup/283 




Karpasah/213 


lotan 


Leup/283 


ima 


I 2/195 


Karpurah 








imam 


I 2/195 


Karpurah/213 




M 






Karpurah 








J 


Karpurah/213 


ma 


Me 1/292 




Katara 


Katara/ 214 


maccum 


Mad/28 7 


ja 


Gene 1/141 


kavT 


Keu 3/233 


madati 


Mad/28 7 


jada 


Gheled/156 


Kram 


Kr am/245 


maha 


Meg/295 


jadoo 


Ei/118 


Kramati 


Kr am/245 


maha-raja Meg/295 


jama 


Geme/140 


krT 


Kwri/2 69 


maha-raja Reg 1/387 


Jangalah 




Krishna 


Kers 2/230 


mana 


Mana/290 


Jangalah/198 


krmi 


Wer 2/515 


marakata 


B.r.q/71 


jangha 


Ghengh/157 


krmi-ja 


Gene 1/141 


Masakah 




janh 


Ghengh/157 




Wer 2/515 




Masakah/291 


jani 


Gwen 1/178 


krosa 


Ker 3/22 7 


mastu 


Mad/28 7 



740 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Sanskrit 

M - S 

Root/Page 



moc Meuk/309 

mudra Mura/314 

mukti Meug/308 

munthate Meug/308 

mus Mu/313 

muska Mu/313 



N 



nabh 


Nobh/337 


nabhi 


Nobh/337 


nadah 


Nedo/324 


nakha 


Nogh/338 



naktam Noktis/339 
naktih Noktis/339 
nalada Nedo/324 

naladam Nedo/324 
Namra Namra/318 
nana Nana/ 31 9 

Naranga 

Naranga/319 
Narikelah 

Narikelah/320 
Narikerah 

Narikelah/320 
nas Nas/320 

nasa Nek 1/327 

nauti Neu/333 

nav Neu/333 

navate Neu/333 

naxa Nogh/338 

Neks Neks/ 32 7 

nilah Nei 1/326 

nili Nei 1/326 

mlotpala Nei 1/326 
NTmbu Nimbu/336 
nir-vanah Nis/336 
We 1/496 



paksa 


Peg/355 


palyanka 


Ang/2 6 


panca 


Penkwe/362 


pardaku 


Prs/377 


pari-ancati Ang/2 6 


parsamT 


Prs/377 


parsu 


Perk 2 /369 


parsu 


Perk 2 /369 


parsva 


Perk 2 /369 


parusah 


Pel 2/360 


Parvan 


Parvan/353 


Parvata 


Parvan/353 


pary-anka Ang/2 6 


patah 


Pele/361 


pati 


Po 2/374 


patila 


Po 2/374 


patita 


Pet 1/370 


pinasti 


Pis/ 374 


PippalT 


Pippali/373 


pTstah 


Pis/ 374 


pra-jan 


Gno/168 




Per 1/364 


pra-mars 


Mer 3/306 


pra-nac 


Nek 1/327 


pra-naca 


Nek 1/327 


pra-rep 


Leip/2 78 


Pulaka 


Pulaka/379 


punj-ab 


Ab 1/1 



R 



racana 


Rek/390 


rad 


Er 1/126 


radati 


Er 1/126 


raga 


Reg 3/388 


raj 


Reg 3/388 


rak 


Alek/19 


raksa 


Alek/19 



raksa 

ranga 

rasana 

rdjyate 

rep 

res 

ricate 



Reg 3/388 

Reg 3/388 

Rek/390 

Lang/272 

Leip/2 78 

Rei 2/389 

Rei 2/389 



Sabha Aba/4 

Sakah Sakah/399 

sakala Kak 2/205 

saknoti Kak 1/204 

sakthi Skeng/423 

sakulah Kakis/206 

Sali Sali/399 

sama Sem 2/413 

saman Klem/239 

sams-krta Kwer/2 63 

sana Sen 1/413 

sanu-tar Sen 2/414 

sarat Ser 3/416 

sarkarah Korki/243 

Savala Savala/401 

saxa Kak 2/205 

siksati Kak 1/204 

sincati Seiku/407 

Sindhu Sy and/ 463 

Sipha Kiph/237 

Siva Kei 4/219 

skandati Skand/422 

slisyamT Klis/241 

sphal Sphel/439 

splThan Spelgh/437 

sramana Klem/239 

Srgala Srgala/443 
sringa-vera 

Ker 1/22 6 

srnga Ker 1/22 6 



741 



Sanskrit 

S - Y 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Roo 


t/Page 


sta 


Stai 1/445 




u 


yastih 


Lakti/271 


stari 


Ster 4/451 


ucca 


Ud 1/486 


yatam 


late 


ds/196 


stayu 


Stai 1/445 


ucca 


Ud 1/486 


yavan 


Yeu 


2/535 


stena 
sthTvamT 


Stai 1/445 
Spyeu/441 


ustra 


Wes 1/520 


yoga 
yuga 


Yeu 
Yeu 


1/535 
1/535 


stignoti 


Steigh/449 






yus 


Yeu 


3/536 


stupa 


Stewe/452 




V 


yuvasah 


Yeu 


2/535 


su 


Seu 2/418 
Su 1/456 


vagnu 
Vaidurya 


Wag 2/495 
Velur/ 4 94 








su-asti 


Es 2/131 
Su 1/456 


vaja 


Weg 2/500 








Sulaka 




vana 


Wen/512 








Sulaka/458 
















vanTja 


Wen/512 








sunya 
sunyah 


Keu 2/232 
Keu 2/232 


vapati 


Wep/513 








svad 


Swad/459 


varj 


Wer 2/515 








svadati 


Swad/459 


vasa 
vasana 


Wes 1/520 
Wes 3/521 








svasti 


Es 2/131 
Su 1/456 


vasman 


Wes 3/521 












vasta 


Wet/ 52 2 








sveta 


Kuei/254 












Syand 


Syand/ 4 63 


Vatin-ganan 

Vatin-ganah/493 












Velur 


Velur/ 4 94 










T 


Veluryia 


Velur/ 4 94 








tela 


Til/ 4 65 


vi-gaha 
vihara 


Gwadh/1 73 
Aus 2/41 








tam-rah 


Tem/470 


vi-vard 


Ered/128 








tanuka 


Ten 1/472 












tata 


Atos/38 


vraj 


Wreg 1/527 












vrana 


Wei 2/510 








tata 


Atos/38 












tayu 


Stai 1/445 


Vrihi 


Urigh/490 








tittibha 


Titi/480 












tittirah 


Teter/476 




X 








trprah 


Trep 1/482 


Xac1 


Xac 1/528 








trpti 


Terp/4 75 


xad 


Khad/235 








tub 


Steu 2/452 


xanda 


Gwhen 1/182 








tuj 


Steu 2/452 












tula 


Tel/ 4 69 


xanjami 
xara 


Ghengh/157 
Kar 1/212 








tulya 


Tel/ 4 69 












tup 


Steu 2/452 












tvasta 


Twerk/485 




Y 








tvastar 


Twerk/485 


yana 


Ei/118 









742 



Semitic 

A - Z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Semitic 
A 


J.b.l 


J 

J.b.l /199 


S.l.m 

S.m.'a 

S.m.s 


S.l.m/429 

S.m. 'a/430 

S.m.s/431 


Ab2 


Ab 2/3 




K 




u 

Umm/ 4 88 


A\b.r 
A.l.h 


A* .b.r/4 
Layh/273 


K.w.n 


K. w.n/266 


Umm 




Layh/274 










A\m.m 


A' .m.m/22 




L 




w 


A.m.n 
A.q.r 


A.m.n/22 
A.q.r/31 


Layh 


Layh/273 
Layh/274 


W.a\m 


W.a' .m/495 




B 


L.b.n 


L.b.n/ 27 4 




Y 


B.n.v 


B.n.v/70 




M 


Yarah 


Yarah/532 


B.r.k 
B.r.q 
B.w.s 
B.y.t 


B.r.k/71 
B.r.q/71 
B.y.z/73 
B.y. t/73 


malha 

M.l.h 

M.s.h 


M.l.h/ 310 
M.l.h/ 310 
M.s.h/312 


Y.m.n 


Y.m.n/537 

z 


B.y.z 


B.y.z/73 






Z.h.k 


Z.h.k/540 








N 


Z.k.r 


Z.k.r/541 




D 


N.b.b 


N.b.b/320 






Dabhar 


D.b.r/80 


N.w.r 


N.w.r/341 






Daqal 


Daqal/79 










D.b.r 


D.b.r/80 




Q 






Dibber 


D.b.r/80 








Diglat 


Steig/448 


Q.d.m 


Q.d.m/380 






D.I.I 


D. 1.1/108 

G 


Q.t.r 


Q. t.r/382 

R 






G.v.l 


G. v. 1/171 

H 


R.b.b 
R.f.a' 


R.b.b/385 
R.f.a'/395 

s 






H.j.r 
H.n.n 
H.r.m 
H.y.y 


H.j.r/190 
H.n.n/191 
H.r.m/192 
H.y.y/193 


S.f.f 
s.k.n 
S.l.m 


S.f.f/419 
K. w.n/266 
S.l.m/429 







743 



Slavic (Old) 

c - s 

WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Slavic (Old) 



curva Gwer 4/181 

Curvatinu Gwer 4/181 



Sloveninu Kleu 1/240 
Slovo Kleu 1/240 



744 



Sogdian 

A - D 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Sogdian f = a) 


'sp'dy 
asp'nh 


Ed/ 117 
Spereg/438 


bgrfk 
bgny 


Bunai/72 
Bunai/72 




A 


'spVgmy 


Spereg/438 


bfw 


Geu 2/147 




'sp'yt 


Kuei/254 


bns 


Bhergh/62 


'bj 


Bazda/47 


'spd 


Kwon/2 68 


bft 


Bher 1/59 


a-brxsy 


Bhergh/62 


'spnc 


Spongo /441 


brVnt 


Bhereg/61 


'byz 


Bazda/47 


'sprxs 


Spereg/438 


brg> 


Aus 2/41 


'bz 


Bazda/47 


'ssh 


Rk-tho/396 


brpyg 


Pel/355 


'bz 


Bazda/47 


'sfnp 


Stebh/446 


brywr 


Byurru/73 


'fryn 


Prl/377 


'sfwri 


Sta/444 


bwmb 


Bheu 3/64 


'frywn 


Prl/377 


'stk 


Ost/346 


bws 


Bheudh/65 


a-gaud 


Gheugh/1 63 


'stnh 


Pesteno/369 


bxs 


Bhag/52 


'g'wd 


Gheugh/1 63 


aTrh 


Ater/37 


bye 


Bha 2/50 


'g'wnd 


Gheugh/1 63 


atp'k 


Tep/4 73 


byes 


Yeu 3/536 


'ks 


Kerk/230 


'ty 


I 2/195 






'ksye 


Ang/2 6 


'wbs 


Swep/4 62 




c 


am'n 


Ome/344 


'wcfq 


Wi/524 




'ngr 


Apank/28 


'wsnty 


Vrsa/494 


ct 


Gwhen 1/184 


'ngwst 


Ang/2 6 


'xs'y 


Ksei 1/248 


cf 


Terp/4 75 


'nkwpyn 


Embhi/123 


axs'ynh 


Ksei 2/249 


eft 


Terp/4 75 


W 


Andho/25 


'xsrfw 


Kes 2/231 


cftu 


Terp/4 75 


anxar 


Apank/28 


'Xsnk 


^Xsnk/530 


clyb' 


Saliba/400 


'pryn 


Prl/377 


'xsp 


Kwsep/2 69 


crks 


Ker 3/22 7 


>ytyy 


Prl/377 


'xsy'bt 


Ksiro/252 


crm 


Sek/408 


'ps 


Pek/357 


'xws'y 


Aueg/4 


cxr 


Kwel/2 60 


'pt 


Pel/355 


'xwstr 


Wes 1/520 






'pt-xw> 


Pel/355 


•yd 


I 2/195 




D 


'pys 


Apo/30 


•ynkw 


Embhi/123 




'pzVn 


Gher 1/158 


a-ywdy 


Yeu 3/536 


d'n 


Dhe 1 /93 


Ysk 


Eres 1/130 


•yw-wsy 


Wi/524 


d> 


Dher 1/98 


>cyc 


Arg/34 


•yzn 


Algwh/20 


d'yh 


Dhe 1 /93 


>gnt 


Er 1/127 


'zb'k 


Dinghw/107 


db'nz 


Bhengh/58 


>rw 


Ar/31 


'zw 


Eg/ 118 


db'ys 


Dwei/114 


>tk 


Al 2/16 


'zyy-myd 


Ghdies/151 


dbr 


Dhwer/106 


'rw'n 


Urvan/491 






dgrrfy 


Dhogh/104 


Vy'n-wyj 


n Al 1/15 




B 


dry 


Trei/481 


aJTkw 


Ater/37 




dst 


Ghesto/161 


aVwk' 


Oku/343 


b'm 


Bha 1/49 


dt 


Denk/8 7 


aVwr 


An 1/24 


bazaar 


Tien/480 


dwk' 


Leuk/282 


'sm'r' 


Mer 1/304 


bg 


Bhag/52 


dwr 


Deu 2/92 



745 



Sogdian 

D - R 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


dwyst 


Dekm/85 




K 




N 


dyb-yy 

dykh 

dyn 

dyn-d> 

dynh 

dyz' 


Dub/ 111 
Rei 2/389 
Dheye/102 
Dheye/102 
Dheye/102 
Dheigh/96 


k'm 

kang 

kanp 

ICs 

knc 


Ka 1/201 

Gwhen 1/184 

Gwhen 1/184 

K' s/247 

Ken/224 


n 
n'-krtk 

nrrfdk 
nmt i 


Ne 1/321 
Kwer/2 63 
Ne 1/321 
Nebh/323 
Nemata 2/329 


kncfk 


Ken/224 


nwk 


Nabja/317 






kp'wfych 


nwr 


Newo/334 




F 




Kavuta/215 








kp'wtk 


Kavuta/215 




P 


fcmbd 


Skabh/420 


krn 


Sek/408 




frn 


Sawel/402 


krps'k 


Kahrpu/204 


pd 


Ped/353 


frtr 


Per 1/363 


krt 


Sek/408 


pdny 


Ped/353 






krty' 


Kwer/2 63 


pnc 


Penkwe/362 




G 


krw 


Skwalo/428 


pncfs 


Penkwe/362 




krw' 


Kelewo/223 


pncw 


Penkwe/362 


gan 


Gan/ 137 


ks 


Kerk/230 


pnz 


Penkwe/362 


gasnaka 


^Xsnk/530 


kwb 


Kafa/202 


prd'nk 


Pele/361 


gnc 


Gwedh/1 74 


kyn 


Kwei 1/259 


prd'nkh 


Pele/361 


gnw 


Gan/ 137 


kynh 


Kwei 1/259 


prs' 


Perk 2 /369 


grb 


Ghrebh/1 64 


kyrm 


Wer 2/515 


prthynq 


Pele/361 


grm 


Gwher/186 


kysf 


Kasyapa/214 


ps 


Apo/30 


gwd'k 


Dhe 2/94 






ps'k 


Puk/378 


gwdnyk 


Khitan/236 




M 


psn' 


Persna/369 


gwn'k 


Geu 1/14 6 






psync 


Seiku/407 


gwrdtq 


Wer 2/514 


rrfgw 


Ne 2/322 


ptkfk 


Per 3/367 


gwzn 


Guysna/1 71 


marty 


Mer 2/305 


pwst 


Wes 3/521 


gydh 


Gwou/187 


rrfx 


Ne 2/322 


pwsfk 


Wes 3/521 


gzn 


Gzn/ 188 


mrg 


Marega/291 


Pwt 


Pwt/ 37 9 








Merega/306 


pyx 


Piko/372 




I 


mw 


I 2/195 








mwd 


Medhu/294 






inku 


Embhi/123 


mwgsk 


Mako/290 




Q 


inn 


Tien/480 


mwhrg'n 
my' 


Mura/314 
Eg/ 118 


qwy 


Keu 3/233 




J 


myd'n 


Medhyo/295 








myz'y 


Meig/298 




R 


jnwwq 


Genu 1/142 


myzd 


Mizdho/310 


rwd 


Sreno/442 
Leudh/281 



74! 



Sogdian 

R - Z 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


rwgn 


Reughmen/394 


wfr 


Wep/513 


zyst 


Gheis/155 


rwp 


Raup/385 


wrd 


Wrdho/52 6 


zywr 


Zay/539 


rws 


Reu 1/393 


wrn 


Wei 1/509 






rwt 


Ser 1/415 


wrs 


Wei 2/510 






rwxsn 


Leuk/282 


ws'y 


Vrsa/494 






rys 


Leigh 1/276 


wsn 


Eres 1/130 






ryJTkk 


Uroiks/491 


wye 


Vrsa/494 
Weik 1/505 








s 


wyn 


Dheye/102 








wyrk 


Wei 2/510 






sw 


Kei 1/217 


wz>k 


Weg 2/500 






skw 


Saus/401 










snes 


Sneigwh/432 




x 






snk 


Kak 2/205 










sp'd 


Kwon/2 68 


xara-tara 


Kar 1/212 






srd 


Kel 1/220 


xr 


Kar 1/212 






srt 


Kel 1/220 


xfyn 


Kwri/2 69 






stmb 


Stebh/446 


xr-tfk 


Kar 1/212 






swgnd 


Keuk 1/235 


xrwm 


Kreu/24 6 






swk'nt 


Keuk 1/235 


xsae-wan 






swt 


Sav 1/401 




Ksei 1/248 






sy'k 


Skai/421 


xJTm 
xwbn 


Kwsep/2 69 
Swep/4 62 








T 


xwp 
xwrn 


Op/ 34 4 
Wes 1/520 






r§ 


Tex/4 79 


xwsyp 


Ksip/251 






t'y 


Stai 1/445 


xwys 


Sweid/4 60 






tm 


Tem/470 










tn'wr 


Tanur/4 66 




Y 






tt r 


Tata/467 








tfrw 


Teter/476 


y n 


H.n.n/191 






tw 


Tu/483 


yw 


Ieuo/196 






txm 


Teu 1/477 


ywn 


Yau/532 






ty 


Tu/483 

w 


yxn 


Eis 2/120 

z 






w>grfk 


Gwhen 2/185 


zn' 


Gene 1/141 








Weren/518 


zry 


Glei/167 






wd 


Wedh 1/498 


zyrn 


Ghel/155 







141 



Spanish 

A - X 



WORD Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD Root/Page 


Spanish 
A 


juba 


J 

J.b.b/198 




alambique Ab 1/1 




L 




Nei 1/325 
al-bacora B.k.r/69 
alcoba Gabbah/136 


lima 
loben jui 


Nimbu/336 
L.b.n/2 74 




alizari A* .s.r/36 








Amazonas 




M 




Magh 2/289 
au-berengina 

Vatin-ganah/493 
auge Ud 1/486 


Malaga M.l.h/310 
marcaxita 

Magsisa/289 
marrano H.r.m/192 






matador 


M.v. t/315 




B 


matar 


M.v. t/315 




belloth Balut/46 


mesquita 


Masgda/292 




benjui L.b.n/274 








berengina 




N 




Vatin-ganah/493 


naranja 


Naranga/319 




c 


natron 


Nitiru/337 




canario Kwon/2 68 




R 




cifra Keu 2/232 






coton Kitu/238 


real 


Reg 1/387 






res ma 


R.z.m/397 




E 

espinacia 




T 




Spinaki on/440 


tabaco 


Tabaco/ '4 64 






tariff 


A' .r.f/33 




G 




X 




gacele G.z. 1/188 


X 


Say' / 403 




H 








harmathan 









H.r.m/192 



74S 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Sumerian 

D - M 

WORD Root/Page 



Sumerian 



D 



Dub 
Dup 



Dub/111 
Dub/ 111 



M 

Mana Mana/290 



745 



Swedish 

T - Z 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Swedish 



tung-sten Stei/447 



zeolit Yes/534 



750 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Syriac 

A - T 

WORD Root/Page 



Syriac 



A.l.h Layh/2 73 

Layh/2 74 

A\q.b A\q.b/30 

K 

karkedana 

Kurkizannu/257 



Layh Layh/2 73 
Layh/2 74 



N 



nausa Nes 1/332 



pespesta Ed/ 117 

Ekwos/121 



R 

R.y.m R.y.m/396 



Summaq Summaq/458 
Sypwr Sypwr/4 63 



toma w.a ' .m/495 



751 



Tamil 

T - T 

WORD Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



WORD 



Root/Page 



Tamil 



Togei 
Tokei 



Tokei/481 
Tokei/481 



752 



Turkish 

A - Y 



WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


WORD 


Root/Page 


Turkish 
A 




Jol 
Jor 


J 

Ul/487 
Ul/487 


qahve' Kaffa/203 
Qar2 Kar 2/213 
qara-qulaq Kar 2/213 


afandi 




Autos/42 


Jur 


Ul/487 




s 

Cixa/76 


ata-bak 




Bhag/51 




K 


sTs 


B 

babuc 

bak 

beg-umm 

Boqca 

Buqca 

c 


Pos/375 

Bhag/51 

Umm/488 

Boqca/70 

Boqca/70 


Kagas Kagas/204 
Kagas Kagas/204 
Kagat Kagas/204 
Kagaz Kagas/204 
Kar 2 Kar 2/213 
kara-kulak Kar 2/213 
Kayik Kayik/ 216 
khan Khan/236 
kiosk Geu 1/14 6 


sTs-kabob Cixa/76 
sTslTk Cixa/76 

sofa Soffeh/433 

T 

ta>ifa A\r.f/33 
Tata Tata/4 67 
tob Stewe/452 
top Stewe/452 


chTbuq 




Cop/ 7 7 






tulbend 


Bhendh/5 7 


cub 




Cop/ 7 7 




L 


turp 


Tulupos/484 


cubuq 




Cop/ 7 7 


LajTn 


La j in/271 








D 




limon 


Nimbu/336 




u 










Ul 


Ul/487 


Dolmak 


Dolmak/ 109 




M 


ulak 


Ul/487 


dolman 


Dolmak/ 109 


maghazeh Gzn/188 
makrama Q.r.m/382 




X 




E 




maymun 


Y.m.n/537 


xan-umm Umm/488 


ebuzine 


Z 


.n.y/541 




o 


xorozma 


Gher 3/159 




H 




012 


Ul/487 




Y 


havyar 


Aw/43 


ordu 


Urmak/491 


Yelek 


Ijlak/ 196 




I 






P 










pilaw 


Pulaka/379 






Ijlak 


Ijlak/ 196 


















Q 












qaftan 


Kaftan/203 







753 



Welsh 

p - p 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



WORD Root/Page 



Welsh 



pen-gwyn We id/504 



754 



Index of 

Persian 
Words 



(In Persian Alphabet) 



<_?--> 



li 



-AJ / 



°J'5 



-AJ/ 



°J'5 



HJ/ 



°J'5 



7eu 3/536" O jo, 

7eu 3/536" 0-^.3 ^. 



Yeu 1/535 



tfi 



Kleu 1/240 <j 3 )L>3>3z 



Ei/119 



OSi 



H.n.n/191 6 by„ 



75* 



ur-J 



Is 



I 2/195 
Ya/531 
Ap 2/28 
Ap 2/28 



Hyakinthos/193 

Hyakinthos/193 

Yavarena/ 532 

H.n.n/191 

Eis 2/120 

Yag/531 

Yag/531 

Kwer/2 62 

Yag/531 

Yag/531 

Yasfa/532 

Yasfa/532 

Yasfa/532 

A' .q.b/30 

I 2/195 

Y.m.n/537 

Y.m.n/537 

H.n.n/191 

Yeu 3/536 

Prs/377 

Yeu 3/536 

Yeu 3/536 



4„»oU 



9 



tta*JSw*.»*W 



v& 



c3 



..>>?. 



-AJ/ 



°J'5 



jUj^a^) 



r 



Do 2/2 09 

Ous 1/346 

Seu 2/418 

Men 1/301 

Su 1/454 

Su 1/454 

We id/504 

Swep/4 62 

Okto/342 

I 2/195 

Kwo/2 67 

Ten 1/471 

Gene 1/141 c>j3j-h A 

Wed/ 4 98 

Per 3/366 jj ^.a 

Ei/119 

Aidh/9 

Ghei 1/153 

Aidh/9 



Ijj^a 



l ^jZ.2K*.&> 



c3 



.«' 






I 2/2 95 
Ap 2/28 
Ap 2/28 
Yem/534 
Dekm/84 



°- > 3 .. 



4^X3 j , 4^^2^3 



°j'-3 



Ten 1/4 71 ^J^-ptlA 

Sya.nd/4 6"3 jj.a 

Sem 1/411 <u>jj.a 

Teicu 2/4 6"8 

Syand/463 oI^jj-a 

Syand/463 ^b.^ 5 JJ.A 

Les/2 79 £Xjjj.A 

Ner 2/332 y. A 

Su 2/454 

Menth/304 jj.* ,1A 

Gwa/2 72 

Sem 2/422 

Kwes/2 6"4 

Me 2/293 

Wekw/508 

Wekw/508 

Wekw/508 

Aueg/4 

Su 1/455 

Sawel/402 

Sawel/402 

An 1/24 

Ous 1/346 

Aus 2/41 

Aus 2/41 



flUlA 

L..oiy& 

O^A 



J 3* 



/*L.^j^A 



Gwhen 1/182 S^Jiyb 
Su 1/454 



757 



<_?--> 



li 



-AJ / 



Dekm/85 
Dekm/85 
Selg/411 
Pet 1/370 
Sem 1/411 
Su 1/454 
Sem 1/411 
Sem 1/411 
Men 1/301 
Sem 1/411 
Su 1/454 
Su 1/454 
Teku 1/4 68 
Teku 1/4 68 
Sem 1/412 
Gwa/1 72 
Ksiro/252 
Sem 1/411 
Geu 1/14 6 
Sem 1/411 
Wei 3/511 
Sem 1/412 
Sem 1/411 
Smelt/ 430 
Smelt/ 430 
Sem 2/413 
Ten 1/471 



oj\ 3 



jlJy.^J> 



£)A^lA 

~& 

L.A 

JL.A 

(3 L.& 

UUa 
l5Ua 

lX) *,A 
la) f*,A 
^)lXo.A 



a .r*' 



4.«.A 
^ISO^-o-A 



Sol/434 

Dheye/102 

Ser 1/414 

Tres/483 

Tres/483 

Ser 2/416 

Sek/408 

Sem 1/411 

Men 1/302 

An 1/24 

An 1/24 

Gheslo/161 

Dinghw/107 

Skai/421 

Su 1/454 

Ost/346 

Okto/342 

Dekm/84 

Okto/342 

Selg/411 

Septm/414 

Dekm/84 

Septm/414 

Septm/414 

Septm/414 

As/35 

Dekm/85 



oj\ 3 



4.1jI 7 A 

c^I^a 






oi^aA 

3b.AA 

4.1AA 

oAaA 

jb.\A 



Weis/50 7 
We id/504 
We id/504 
Wed/ 498 
Aw/43 
Weik 2/506 
Woin/525 



Hebhel/190 

H.j.r/190 

Ser 3/416 

Ar/32 

Se 2/404 

Sawel/403 

Sem 1/411 

Sem 1/411 

Sen 1/413 

Havana/189 

H.j.r/190 

H.j.r/190 

H.j.r/190 

H.j.r/190 

Skeng/423 

Men 1/301 

Sekw/410 



°j'3 

<^-i>J3 
i^***4 3 

&3 



->Ia 



jIa 



lyyj*- 



>^jIa 

4.JU 

JUIa 

<> 
03 ^ 



sxA 



J- 

Cl> >^A 



75£ 



ur-J 



Is 



4jijj , A^jL/3 


a jh 


^J/ 


A^jL/3 


°jb 


4jiw3 J , A^jL/3 


°jb 


Wego/501 


^J3 


Kwer/2 6"2 


*J3 - 


Wekw/508 


jh 


Wegh/501 


6 J -i)3 


Wrdiio/52 6" 


>Sb 


Wekw/508 


6^') l 3 


Kwer/2 63 


.A) 3 


Wer 2/514 


03j3 


Wekw/508 


ojh 


Wi/523 




Ker 3/22 7 


^j?33 


Wes 4/521 


jls,.**)! <•) 


W.s.m/527 


f3 


Wed/ 4 97 




Wes 4/521 


j^J^&J >*.««.J1 *) 


W.s.m/527 


A-0.^*J *) 


Werg 


1/519 


333 


Wegh/501 


<KJZ>\ *) 


Asu /36 


cyja *\ 


Werg 


1/519 


bj3 


Wekw/508 


<*j> 1 <•) 


Wrdho/52 6 


J3 


Werg 


1/519 


3^333 


Weg 1/499 


0^\3 


Wrdho/52 6 


J3 


Werg 


1/519 


J'JJS 


Ered/128 


^3 


Wrdho/52 6 


JS 


Werg 


1/519 


J^JJ3 


Wei 2/510 


4.3^/1 5 


Wei 2/510 


4.ii/«) 


Werg 


1/519 


yjjs 


Wrdho/52 6 


4,3<*,xJl «) 


Wrdho/52 6 


4.3 jk J 3 


Werg 


1/519 


aXi JJ3 


Ap 2/28 


fb 


Wen/512 


63 


Werg 


1/519 


3JJ3 


Aw/43 


tj\ 3 


Wen/513 


^3.>b 


Werg 


1/519 


"JJ3 


Wai/495 




Eu 1/132 


' uS^3 


Werg 


1/519 


6-^JJ3 


Kwer/2 63 


.A73 


Wekw/508 


' (J\3'3 


Werg 


1/519 


aX iJJ3 


Wi/523 




Wen/513 


o"y.3 


Wei 2/510 


0»J3 


Wi/523 


y.y?3 


Wen/513 


> s 3 


Wer 2/515 


L» 


Wekw/508 


J3^~3 


Wer 3/516 


f 1 ^ 


Gwhen 2/185 


*^J3 


Bata/46 


y 3 


Gwei/175 


6s* ^.3 


Weren/518 




Wed/ 4 97 


Crt^^S 


Weik 1/505 


^po, 5 


Wer 2/515 


<yh A J3 


Wed/ 4 98 


D3j) 


We id/504 


IAj 5 




JlAJj Jj J5 


Wer 1/514 


33 


We id/504 


O.AJ 3 


Ghebh-el/152 




Varaza/492 


• 1 * 
J\J3 


Wei 2/503 


7-?. 3 


Urigh/490 


a .ji.J3 


Ker 3/22 7 


S3j 3 


Wi/523 


j Us^*j 1 9 


Wei 2/510 


0~4J3 


Algwh/20 


Z->3 


Wi/523 


Cp~""ji3 


Wego/501 


& 


Algwh/20 


jj 5 U J5 


Ar/31 




Wego/501 
Wego/501 


^J3 
<3)3 


Algwh/20 


A^,-o.P- ) ") 



755 



<_?--> 



li 



4jijj , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jiw3 J , 4_>JL/3 


°jb 


Naema/31 7 


js.r^ i 


Ni 2/335 




Ous 2/346" 


(*).A»»»."J o3 


Naema/31 7 


v^s 


Gei/238 


whO \*r*Ji 


Ous 1/346 


Cx-.^3 i 


Naema/31 7 


4a*.3 


Witiru/33 7 


C*>l J.X.O 


Nabja/317 


*—>^3 


Nei 1/325 


^ 


Witiru/33 7 


6.t>.37V 


Nabja/317 


(J^S 


Nei 1/325 


oW 


Ni tiru/33 7i^»\ <_So, 7 ^S 


Nepot/330 


°y 


Ous 1/347 


4,."J tt»0 


Wer 2/332 


3s£ 


Newo/334 


jj,y 


Ous 1/347 


/} tA.iA.ilWJ tt»0 


We 1/496 


\^3s£ 


Neu/333 


6 J -*3 S 


Ni 1/335 




Nis/336 




Ne 1/321 


4.S 






N.w.r/341 


a Ji y 


Newn/333 


p 
4.S 


3 




Naeza/318 


°> s 


Dhe 2/94 


.>l$i 




Naeza/318 


<6s 3 


Dhe 2/94 


6- > W S 


I 2/195 


3 


Neks/ 32 7 


J^.i 


Ni 1/335 




I 2/195 


9 

3 


Der 1/89 


yxJ^i 


Dhe 2/94 


6W S 


Pekw/358 


\3- 


Neks/ 32 7 




Ni 1/335 




Apo/30 


Crs~V3 


Der 1/89 


) lA^"iiiiA.J> 


Gwou/187 


dr^* 3 


Bher 1/58 


VA- 


Neks/ 32 7 




Sawel/402 


.P 

J.3* s 


Wei 3/511 


r A- 


Nei 1/325 


tuJXiiO 


Nedo/324 


^ s 


Wei 3/511 


r j\3 


Nei 1/325 


.3.7^ S 


Nyaka/341 


L.s 


Wer 3/516 


f A- 


Leudh/281 


^3jr^ 


Angh/27 


)W> 


Redh/386 


Cr-^J'3 


Nei 1/325 


5^» 3 


Ni 1/335 




Redh/386 


A.!*.**** j 1 *j 


Nei 1/326 


J* s 


Angh/27 


^-X^> jUj3 


Ardha/33 


63 A 


Nei 1/326 




Menth/304 




Apo/29 




Nei 1/326 


.~ p 


Angh/27 


^"°33 .^ 


Apo/29 


^A 


Nei 1/326 


>^Lj 


Menth/304 




Ardha/33 




Nei 1/326 


4.1.0 


Angh/27 


i^jLs 


Redh/386 


6 J -a*jb 


Naema/31 7 


r s 


Nyaka/341 


6^\ s 


Wed/ 4 97 


Cwb'3 


Naema/31 7 


£ j r s 


Gwa/1 72 


f Ls 



760 



ur-J 



Is 



4jijj , 4^jL/3 


a jh 


4jiw3 J , 4_>JL/3 


°3b 


4jiw3 J , 4_>JL/3 


°3b 


Newo/334 


y 


Ni 2/335 




Ous 2/347 


{J)Jkm*.J*> Ojt.3 


Wekw/508 


\y 


AfeMi/323 


r 


Nebh/323 


o^a3 


Wekw/508 


Cr-^y 


Me 2/293 


loi 


Nabatu/317 




Nepot/330 


o3lai 


Ni 1/335 




Nabatu/317 


* yA J U»A3 


Wekw/508 


^y 


Namra/318 


<5jUi 


Apo/29 


(ji.^ 


Wekw/508 


t .... i . 


Nem 1/329 


3 Us 


Pri/377 




Wekw/508 


0-^.3 *y 


Nem 2/329 




Nabatu/317 


hki 


Nepot/330 


4„**)l &5 


Ni 1/335 


L)^V S 


Nebh/323 




Nepot/330 


&.JZA &3 


Ni 1/335 


j^o Lo.3 


Kwer/2 63 


oj&i 


Gno/168 


l>y 


Me 2/293 




Ne 1/321 




Gno/168 


d> a3 


Ni 1/335 


0JJ.A0.S 


Ne 1/321 


o^xS 


Newn/333 


3y 


Me 2/293 




Keued/234 


Jl*&£} 


Dekm/84 




Ni 1/335 


/)«LO W1..S 


Keued/234 


^)^j^^x3 


N.w.r/341 


jy 


Nemata 2/329 


Xo-S 


Ne 1/321 


s£* 


N.w.r/341 


^'jy 


Nem 1/329 


d«>i vo..s 


Kwer/2 62 


jlXs 


Ni 1/335 


3 jy 


Namra/318 


ijfj^i 


Kwer/2 62 


^3 j lXS 


Wer 2/514 




Namra/318 


ASjm.5 


Kwer/2 62 


u^lSj 


Ni 1/335 


O-*-* 3 jy 


Nem 1/329 


oj^i 


Kwer/2 62 


(^Aj ) UO 


Wer 2/514 




Nebh/323 


cJXo.^ 


Kwer/2 62 


» .'.if* 


Er 1/126 


©<A.*..**> i a3 


Nebh/323 


/)l AX-o.^ 


Kwek/2 60 


olxs 


Dekm/84 


o3)y 


Nebh/323 


* %•«*. iXi>0> 3 


Ni 1/335 




Newn/333 




Ni 1/335 


3 a-o-3 


Kwer/2 62 




Ous 1/346 


u^y 


Me 2/293 


j 1 3 <j,.oi 


Kwer/2 62 


^Jj^XS 


Ous 1/346 


A,Jwja3 


Ni 1/335 




Kwer/2 62 




Ni 1/335 


Cr-^y 


Me 2/293 


^3 ^.3 


Geu 1/14 6 


0.J& 


Peig/356 




Ni 1/335 




Ni 1/335 




Ous 1/346 


*) ) 1 A-uJ ttj 


Nana/319 


4.^3 


Geu 1/14 6 


jW a\j> 



761 



<_?--> 



li 



-AJ / 



Gene 1/141 
Ni 1/335 
Gwhen 2/185 
Nek 1/327 
Ne 1/321 
Teu 1/477 
Ud 1/486 
Ned/ 32 4 
Ned/ 32 4 
Ned/ 32 4 
Ned/ 32 4 
Okw/343 
Neks/ 32 7 
Ni 1/335 
Sed/405 
Ksip/251 
Ni 1/335 
Ni 1/335 
Sed/405 
Ni 1/335 
Sed/405 
Sed/405 
Nitiru/337 
Nogw/339 
Ous 1/347 
Ous 1/347 
Ous 1/347 



oj\ 3 



JJ^S 



L-5 



^t^o 






03 j^ 

"Us 



f i 



\*Me>.k 



AJ 



l3 Luj 



Ataxia 



Ni 1/335 

Per 3/366 

Nepot/330 

Nepot/330 

Peig/356 

Nepot/330 

Nebh/323 

Gno/168 

Naks/318 

Isto/197 

Sed/405 

Ner 1/331 

Ar/31 

Nei 1/325 

Nedo/324 

Ner 2/332 

Ner 2/332 

Ner 2/332 

Namra/318 

Gno/168 

Namra/318 

Namra/318 

Men 1/301 

Ner 1/331 

Sed/405 

Isto/197 

Sed/405 



oj\ 3 






C* 



r >? 



o^y 



<_Sjo_ys 



Nomn/34 
Nem 1/329 
Nomn/34 
Nagan/318 
Pekw/358 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Da 2/79 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Nes 1/332 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Nes 1/332 
Nes 1/332 
Na 1/316 
Na 1/316 
Ten 1/471 
Gwa/1 72 
Ne 1/321 
Ahu/8 
Nedo/324 



0^ 
lyb 

5 b 

jb 5 b 
^b 5 b 

0\j3^ 

0*3^ 
jU^jejb 

o^b 

^ls 5 b 

<J"33^ 

0*33^ 

o 5 b 

0^3^ 

jbxl&b 

flUlAb 

J^.Ab 

L5b 



762 



ur-J 



Is 



-AJ / 



°J'5 



3jb 



^J 13 



Nedo/324 
Nedo/324 
Narikelah/320jJ j\i 
Narikelah/320dJ j\i 



Naranga/319 



£•-> 



b 



Naranga/319 <_Scx>jb 

Naranga/319 t yfij\i 

Naranga/319 S3j\i 

Naranga/319 Ssj b 

Wen /5 2 2 

Wen /5 2 2 

Nog/338 

Nog/338 

Nog/338 

Nog/338 

Ned/ 32 4 

Gene 1/141 

Ed/ 117 

Nobh/337 

Nobh/337 

Kwer/2 63 

Kwel/2 60 

Wi/523 

Neu/333 

Nedo/324 

Neu/333 

Neu/333 



o jb 

7»L«jb 

<_3b 
4.3 b 



Jb 

4.Jb 
xJb 



4^X3 j , "KzkSUjp 

Madhaxa/287 

Ker 1/226 

Madhaxa/287 

Gheslo/161 

Gheslo/161 

Gheslo/161 

Gheslo/161 

Gheslo/161 

Gheslo/161 

Y.m.n/537 

Y.m.n/537 

Men 1/301 

Men 1/301 

J.b.b/198 ,_ 

Meit/299 

Meit/299 

Ne 1/321 
Ab 1/1 
Bheudh/65 
Na 1/316 
Nogh/338 
Nor/ 34 
N.w.r/341 
Pekw/358 



P j.Swjl.jj.A 

Jm*iii*0.iAiil*M*.i'** 



'3') cr 1 ^ 

Oh* 10 



_b 

<_^b 
ljj»b 

^b 



k>Vs 



^j/ 



Mei 4/297 
Mura/314 
Isto/197 
Mak/290 
Meg/295 
Ksei 2/249 
Meit/299 
Sem 1/411 
Teku 1/4 68 
Medhu/294 
Medhyo/295 
M.v. t/315 
Mei 4/297 
Mei 2/296 
Meig/298 
Mei 2/296 
A' .m.r/23 
Gene 1/141 
Meig/298 
Mei 1/296 
Mei 1/296 
Meig/298 
Moiso/310 
Meig/298 
Layh/2 73 
Gwei/175 
Spek/436 ,_ 






763 



<_?--> 



li 



4jijj , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^JL/3 


°jb 


4jiw3 J , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


Moudh/311 


jy 


Eg/2 2 8 


V 


Q.r.m/382 


AAj'&A 


Moudh/311 


"jy 


Maria/290 


V 


Kleu 2/241 


3>tL<» 


W.s.m/527 


A„*A> tt„# 


W. w.r/342 


j\li 


Ku 1/253 


*m->e*XAA 


Mu/313 


uV> 


W. vi. r/ 341 


)U*/» 


Ped/354 




Muk/314 


O a/» 


Maghl/288 


Oa^.P^/» 


Gwhen 1/184 


e? lH * 


Mum/314 


fy 


Maghl/288 


(— >SA,i.i>J»>> 


K.w.n/266 


£}VX» 


A.m.n/22 


d/'y 1 


Menth/304 


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S.r.b/442 

Mu/313 

Mu/313 

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Masakah/291 

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Masakah/291 

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M.s.h/312 

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Leb/274 
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Keu 3/233 


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Geu 1/146 


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Kel 3/221 


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Gredh/1 69 


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Gwhen 1/183 


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Ghebh-el/152 


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Newo/334 


(j>y> 


Keu 3/233 


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Skel 1/423 


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Ken/224 


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Gheslo/161 


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Gheslo/161 


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Kseubh/250 




Mei 3/297 


f*„*M«0 Ci,^J- 


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Kseubh/250 




Smeit/430 


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(uJXahAi^ 


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Oku/343 


SjLd 


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Pet 1/370 


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K.w.n/266 


9 


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Kenk 1/224 


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Karsvar/214 


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9 


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Kaz/216 
Kaz/216 
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Keg/ 21 7 
Dumb/ 112 
Kwo/2 67 
Skeu 2/425 
Kost/245 
Su 1/454 
Kleu 1/240 
Oku/343 
Pet 1/370 
Ker 4/228 
Leigh 2/277 
Kenk 1/224 
Kwel/2 60 
Kwel/2 60 
Kwel/2 60 
Kau/215 
Kost/245 
Kasyapa/214 
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Wer 2/515 
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Gher 3/159 
Nedo/324 
Koro/244 
Skwalo/428 
B.r.k/71 
B.r.k/71 
B.r.k/71 
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Sker 1/424 
Sker 1/424 
Gwer 4/181 
Koro/244 
Karpasah/213 
Kahrpu/204 
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Ker 5/228 
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K.w.n/266 

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Kupri ti/256 

Kapastay/210 

Kapastay/210 

Kau 2/215 

Kavuta/215 

Kavuta/215 

Gabbah/136 

Kara 2/207 

Kap/210 

Gabbah/136 

Kup 2/256 

Kup 2/256 

Gabbah/136 

Kitu/238 

Kwetwer/265 

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Koro/244 
Ku 1/253 
Ped/354 
Ka 1/201 
Kwen 2/2 62 
Ka 1/201 
Ka 1/201 
Gwhen 1/183 
Gwhen 1/184 
Kand 1/209 
Kand 1/209 
Kanunu/21 
Gwhen 1/184 
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Q.d.m/380 

Q.d.m/380 

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Bhag/51 

Pou/376 

Bhag/51 

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Dhogh/104 

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Gno/168 
Gene 1/141 



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Giiei/2 52 
Ghei/152 
Ghei/152 
Bhendh/57 
Bhendh/57 
Leu/280 
Pa/349 
Bha 1/49 
Ap 2/28 
Bha 1/49 
Bha 1/49 
Sawel/402 
Gwher/186 
Per 1/363 
Per 2/365 
Su 1/454 
Per 1/363 
Pele/361 
Ardha/33 
Per 1/363 
Reg 1/387 
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F.r.q/135 
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Mel g/ 300 
Mer 3/306 






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Sek/409 
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Ger 4/145 
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Ger 4/145 
G.z. 1/188 
G.z. 1/188 
Ghrem/1 64 
Kaz/216 
Kaz/216 
Ghrem/1 64 
Gwer 3/180 
Geu 1/14 6 
Geu 1/14 6 
Ghuk/166 
Ghuk/166 
G. v. 1/171 



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F.r.q/135 
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A.q.r/31 
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A' .q.b/30 
Kwel/2 60 
A' .m.m/22 
A' .m.m/22 
A' .m.m/22 
A.n.b/25 
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A' .m.m/22 
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Gwhen 1/183 
Gras/1 69 
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Ger 4/145 
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A' .r.f/33 
A' .r.f/33 
A' .r.f/33 
A.r.q/34 
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Ret/392 
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T.r.h/483 

Tartaros/466 

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S.m. 'a/430 
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Ksei 1/248 
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Pek/357 
Pa/349 
Kwsep/2 69 
Deik/82 
Kwsep/2 69 
Kwsep/2 69 
Kwsep/2 69 
Kwsep/2 69 
Kwsep/2 69 
Gwa/1 72 
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Kwer/2 62 
Sekw/410 
Savala/401 
Savala/401 
Savala/401 
Savala/401 
Sali/399 
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Kara 2/207 
Kwsep/2 69 
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Teub/478 
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Bher 1/58 

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Upo/490 

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Saka/399 

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S.l.m/429 

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S.l.m/429 

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S.m. 'a/430 

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Wen/512 
Kleu 1/240 
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Sta/444 

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Stai 1/445 

Ster 2/450 

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Steu 1/451 

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Sabatu/398 
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Sphel/439 
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Spek/436 
Kwon/2 68 
Sphel/439 
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Kies/237 
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Sawel/402 




Seu 1/417 


y> 


Khitan/236 


l l^-s- 


Swel 1/4 61 


O^jy* 


Swep/4 62 


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797 



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4jiw3 J , &J*JU& 


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4jiw3 J , &J*JU& 


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Bher 1/58 


j\sA 


Xalen/529 


Si^ 


Khan/236 




Kar 1/212 




Seu 1/417 


yfXZ> 


Khan/236 


£)U>L*oU> 


Ker 3/22 7 


&3j* 


Ai w/1 1 




Gwa/1 72 


oUlSU* 


Ker 3/22 7 


0»3.S* 


Ghu 1/165 




Gwhen 1/183 




Ker 3/22 7 


{jSs*£»j j> 


Kar 1/212 


> 


Gwa/1 72 


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Kwri/2 69 


Jj^p- 


Sawel/402 


(^)U*>I j£> 


Gwhen 1/183 




Kwri/2 69 


J lj "i> 


Kr am/245 


f'> 


Khan/236 


(»sl> 


Kwri/2 69 


CiMA 


Kr am/245 


cA"i>- 


Umm/488 




Suig/457 


> 


Kr am/245 


,^)A^/»I j£> 


Gwhen 1/183 


4,JU> 


Gzn/188 


A.yi'ji' 


Kar 1/212 


°y.J* 


Gwhen 1/183 


^ 


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(J^„'j^ 


Kar 1/212 




Bher 1/58 


J 3^ 


Gzn/188 


&.xyy?- 


Gwer 3/180 


oy>y> 


Sawel/402 




Swep/4 62 


p 


Kar 1/212 


y "A 


Sawel/402 


(j\j3^ 


Swep/4 62 


li *\**, ****^S > " 


Ksudros/252 


9 


Aw/43 


J^.3^ 


Svas/459 


p 


Sol/434 


2>\s yv 


Bher 1/58 


jks^ 


Kwer/2 63 


yj**>*sr 


Ksudros/252 


tJl^O j> 


Khad/235 


l5U> 


Xad/528 


' **,**•£* 


Menth/304 


XXajS y> 


Aw/43 


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Ost/346 


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Ksudros/252 


o3 y?- 


Khad/235 


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Steu 1/451 


Y .. •' 


Rk-tho/396 


o»J* 


Khitan/236 


u.i> 


Steu 1/451 


(j\y'X^s- 


Au 2/39 


^S*A*>>&- 


Khitan/236 


p 


Xad/528 


4.£„*w> 


Sed/405 




Gwhedh/182 


4.X^-^C> 


Kleu 1/240 


p 


Kwer/2 63 


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Su 1/454 




Su 1/454 




Kar 1/212 


J'sSj- 


Seu 1/417 


|jj> 


Kleu 1/240 


* y£>* 


Rem/ 3 90 


f> 


Ai w/1 1 




Su 1/454 




Su 1/454 


9 


Ghu 1/165 




Kleu 1/240 


\ <y£>* 


Kar 1/212 


^yS-fiji- 


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Su 1/454 


P 


Kar 1/212 


"J^J* 


Seu 1/417 


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Is 



4jijj , 4_>JL/3 


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4jij j , 4^JL/3 


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4jiw3 j , 4^jL/3 


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Su 1/454 




Kwo/2 6"7 


>»? 


Keg/ 21 7 


tta^-JSwS-^ 


Leudh/281 


L$jy 


Siciiai/427 


O^a? 


Keg/ 21 7 


(Jlx^r 


Su 1/454 




Siciiai/427 


J..A.W*. »N -A. -^ 


Svas/459 ci^. 


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H.y.y/193 


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Keg/ 21 7 


tta***A,wS m^~ 


H.y.y/193 


o^Ljj> 


c 




Cop/ 7 7 


(«-->g,5j- 


H.y.y/193 


o\^ 




Pa/349 


C^itt 






Habl/189 


J* 5 - 


Pek/357 




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H.r.m/192 


f 1 ^ 


Dus/113 


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Sawel/402 


k>e 


Cop/ 7 7 


6^>? 


Khac/235 


Z.^ 


Kleu 1/240 


&,*„*£ (*3 >:> 


Geu 1/14 6 


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Kar 1/212 


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H.r.m/192 


f:>^ 


Kwo/2 67 




Kar 1/212 


|jli> 


H.r.m/192 


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Kwo/2 67 


4.^- 


Wen/512 


cy.j^ 


H.r.m/192 


.p 


Kwetwer/265 


jW? 


Kar 1/212 


iA>^ 


H.r.m/192 


?-?.A 


Kwetwer/265 


03 j l&> 


Kar 1/212 


L)-^J^ 


H.s.n/192 


(jr^ 


Teub/478 


yj ^&z 


Gzn/188 


(JJ^ 


H.s.n/192 




Teub/478 


ij>y»j\ty> 


Sulg/457 


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H.s.n/192 


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Kwetwer/265 


tSj\ty> 


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oli*- 


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oO j\^S> 


Xak/528 3 


IJol eSli*- 


H.n.n/191 


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H.n.n/191 


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H.n.n/191 


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Dekm/84 


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Xak/528 


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H.n.n/191 


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Kwetwer/265 




Ster 1/449 


j.X^m!> 13- 


H.y.y/193 


^ 


Kwo/2 67 


CJ? 


Xak/528 




Leudh/281 


jy* 


Kwei 2/259 


^)J-A^" 


Xak/528 


S"U> 


Su 1/454 




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.^? 


Mer 3/306 


^yaU* 


Leudh/281 


C^s^b^ 


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Jj*s 


Gwhen 1/183 


6^- 


Leudh/281 


iAuy 


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Ksei 1/241 

Keku/219 

Keku/219 

Keku/219 

Keku/219 






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Geu 1/14 6 

Kahrpu/204 

Sali/399 

Skhai/427 

Saliba/400 

Saliba/400 

Kwel/2 60 

Kwen 2/2 62 

Kara 2/207 

Kara 2/207 

Kara 2/207 

Dhe 2/94 

Yds/538 

Kwel/2 60 

Kara 2/207 

Kwen 2/262 f O-^e 

Kwo/2 67 

Wei 3/511 

Kand 1/209 

Kand 1/209 



L? 












Genu 2/142 
Gwhen 1/183 
C'a/74 
Kara 2/207 
Kap/210 
Cop/ 7 7 
Kara 2/207 
Sked 2/422 
Kwetwer/2 65 
Ar/32 
Cirig/75 
Ker 4/228 
Kwel/2 60 
Ker 4/228 
Ker 4/228 
Ker 4/228 
Sek/408 
Kel 4/222 
Kwel/2 60 
Kap/210 
Kap/210 
Kap/210 
Skeud 1/426 
Kwek/2 60 
Kwek/2 60 
Kwek/2 60 
Kara 2/207 



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G6tra/2 6"9 
Yau/532 
Yeu 3/536 
Per 2/365 
Yau/532 
Geu 3/148 
Yeu 3/536 
Gwei/175 
Wer 2/514 
Se 1/404 
Yes/534 
Gwei/175 









£ 



Trep 2/482 
Siced 2/422 
Ger 2/144 
Kwer/2 63 
Kwek/2 60 
Kwek/2 60 
Keku/219 
Keku/219 
Kwel/2 60 
Kwel/2 60 
Kwel/2 60 



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Yem/534 
Ksei 2/249 
Yem/534 
Jamal/198 
Ei/118 
Nek 1/327 
Gzn/188 
Gwa/1 73 
Gwa/1 73 
Gwa/1 73 
Gwa/1 73 
Nek 1/327 
Ghengh/157 
Bher 1/58 
Jangalah/lS 
Ieuo/196 
Yau/532 
Yeu 3/536 
Yeu 2/535 
Gotra/169 
Yau/532 
Dus/113 
Giirb/1 70 
Dus/113 
Yeu 3/536 
Yeu 3/536 



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Ai w/2 2 
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Gwa/1 72 
Geu 3/148 
J.b.r/200 
J.b.l /199 
J.b.r/200 
J.b.r/200 
J.b.r/200 
J.b.r/200 
Layh/2 73 
Gassu/138 
J.b.l /199 



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J.h.I /2 99£j\Li\ J*;* 



J. £. i3/2 98 
Kwer/2 6"2 
Gene 2/242 
K.r. v/24 7 
Yes/534 
Yeu 3/536 
Yag/531 
Yeu 1/535 
A' .q.b/30 
Yekwer/533 
Yekwer/533 
Ijlak/196 



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Tien/480 

Y.m.n/537 



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£ 



Ei/118 

Sol/434 

Ya/531 

Iatos/196 

Ei/118 

Ei/118 

Raup/385 

Dheigh/96 

Per 1/363 

Ekwos/121 

Yds/538 

Yds/538 

Dheye/102 

Keuk 1/235 

Dhogh/104 

Dheye/102 

Bher 1/58 



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801 



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4jiw3 j , A^jL/s 


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9 


Teicu 2/4 68 


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t — &J^3 


Deik/82 


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& 


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Ten 1/472 


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Taxi/ 4 67 


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i5y 


Ten 1/472 




Taxi/ 4 67 


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4.3 


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Tenk/473 




Kwei/ 2 61 


*•*-»"* ti.X.'j-wO 


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Stei/447 


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Ten 1/472 


Cr^* 3 


Isto/197 


u.S.13 


Bha 2/50 


^13 


Tenk/473 




Isto/197 


4.X13 


Talk/ 4 65 


tJXo 


Wei 2/511 


*""** J ^-°"fr 3 


Tanur/466 


jy 3 


Kwei/ 2 61 


*»«.■»* 1 J..X.A.S 


Tenk/473 




N.w.r/341 


yy- 3 


Kwei/ 2 61 


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Teus/478 


^ 


Ten 1/472 


^)A^.l3 


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Teus/478 


9 


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Tem/470 


r 5 


Titi/480 


ys 3 


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Vy 


Dhe 2/95 


r 3 


Steig/448 


&' 


Teub/478 


r y 


M.s.s/313 


^yL.3 


Steig/448 


s£ 


W.a* .m/495 


f'y 


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<^> Co.3 


Kenk 1/224 




W.a* .m/495 




Dinu/108 


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Steig/448 




Teu 1/477 


^y 


Ten 1/472 


ly 


Dhwer/106 




Teu 1/477 


dr-^'y 


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.p 


Tem/470 


"Si* 


Teu 1/477 


°yy 


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<fy> U-.X3 


Steig/448 


> 3 


Stewe/452 


*— > aj 


Taburak/464 


ci^S 


Tex/4 79 


4.Aj.3 


Kwei 2/259 


dr^y 


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(TjV" 


Gwou/187 


03^3 


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jy 13 


Dheu 2/100 




Ten 1/471 


°jy 


Tenk/473 


^jJ^s^Xji 


Tien/480 


v 


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.)y 


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9 



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Tex/4 79 
Ters/476 
Ters/476 
S.n. 'a/431 
A' .r.f/33 
A' .r.f/33 
A' .r.f/33 
A' .q.b/30 
A' .m.m/22 
Spyeu/441 
Tep/4 73 
Tep/4 73 
F.r.q/135 
F.r.q/135 
Tep/4 73 
Spyeu/441 
Q.d.m/380 
Ku 1/253 
Ped/354 
Teku 1/468 
Teku 1/468 
Peud/371 
Teku 1/4 68 
Gwhedh/182 
Tex/4 79 
K.w.n/266 



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Ster 3/450 

Ster 3/450 

Tu-kue/484 

Kenk 1/224 

Steig/448 

Tu-kue/484 

Tu-kue/484 

Tu-kue/484 

Ter 1/474 

Gwher/186 

Gwher/186 

Gwher/186 

Ter 1/474 

Tenk/473 

Tres/483 

Tres/483 

Tres/483 

Rep/ 3 91 

Ret/392 

Ter 1/474 

Dhe 2/95 

Skhai/427 

Steg/447 

Yeu 1/535 

Ghuel/166 

K.w.n/266 



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Ter 1/474 ^Uj^ly 

Ten 1/471 <ol ,3 

Tulupos/484 

R.b.b/385 

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Ragamu/384 

Ragamu/384 

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Tuardo/484 

Tres/483 

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Yb/533 


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Ter 1/474 


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Per 3/366 


X H 


Pou/3 76" 


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Parth/352 


J-^AAJ 


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Perk 2 /3 69 


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Peig/356 


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Per 3/366 


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Pet 2/371 


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Gwer 2/179 


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Pos/375 


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Per 3/366 


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Pu 2/378 


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Ped/353 




Gwel 2/177 


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w~-0.X«O 


Yds/538 




Peud/371 


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Per 3/366 




Piko/372 


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Kwer/2 62 


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Per 3/366 




Per 1/364 




Peud/371 


1*) AmO gJ 


Gwhen 1/184 


6^»i 


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Peud/371 


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Per 1/364 




Peud/371 


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Baba/45 ^pJI^j^jU 



Vatin-ganah/493 

Bhag/51 

Wekw/508 

Apank/28 

Weg 2/500 

We 1/496 

Bheu 3/64 

Ak/12 

We 1/496 

Bheu 3/64 

We 1/496 

We 1/496 

We 1/496 









/jiou 



Vatin-ganah/493 
Vatin-ganah/493 
Vatin-ganah/493 



Batiaxe/47 
Batiaxe/47 
Bher 1/58 
Wei 3/511 
Per 2/365 
Wed/ 4 97 



o3u 



4^j j , 4s*JL*z> 



Bhe/53 

Pekw/358 

Pa/350 

N.b.b/320 

Baba/45 

Pa/350 

Pa/350 

Pa/350 

Layh/2 73 

N.b.b/320 

Baba/45 



oj\ 3 



Al 1/15 


^J 


Al 1/15 


giyU 1 


Al 1/15 


E-* 1 


Al 1/15 


JJJ ji\ 


Al 1/15 


oW-?. 1 


Yag/531 


■ > >-?. 1 


Sta/444 


(i3 i»*.i***0 1 


En/124 




So/433 


0*~i' 


A.m.n/22 


OW 


A.m.n/22 


d/ 1 -?. 1 


I 2/195 


W» 


So/433 


4.\1jI 



1*1* 

i_Sou 
5& 



A' .m.r/23 
Pel 1/359 
Au 2/39 
Pel 1/359 
Au 2/39 
Pel 1/359 
Ud 1/486 
S.l.m/429 
Yarah/532 
An 1/24 
Yarah/532 
Bheu 3/64 
Layh/2 73 
Gwhen 2/185 
Gwhen 2/185 
Gwhen 2/185 
Gwhen 2/185 
We id/504 






Cr-^3 ' 



£3' 






Su 1/456 
Ens/125 
Men 1/301 
An 1/24 
Dhe 2/94 
An 1/24 
Men 1/302 
I 2/194 
I 2/194 



Jtf. 



by 



03-^.' 



il4 



ur-J 



Is 



4jijj , 4_>JL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^JL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


Pel/355 




Diieu 3 /1 02 


^3 cj^3l 


Sem 2/422 


f LxSi 


Gwhen 2/185 


3^X51 


Sem 1/412 




Gwa/1 72 




Gwhen 2/185 


o'^XSl 


Steu 2/452 


O-^JS-*- 5 ' 


Gwa/1 72 


£)A^lpul 


Ang/2 6 


o^Sl 


Dheu 2/100 


03 JJ1 


Gwa/1 72 


/~O.PUl 


Ang/2 6 


s.»*.ipk"iiXJ> I 


Sem 1/412 




Sem 1/412 




Ang/2 6 


i) Uh.»u*<A,\3 1 


Dheu 2/100 


/y£>,&3 A3l 


Kwei 2/259 


^)^jPUl 


Ang/2 6 


9 


Dheye/102 


^jiojjl 


Su 1/456 


^pol 


Ang/2 6 


w4J.nfc.AiXJ> 1 


Dheye/102 


^m*.4&£iJ*Xjl 


Agaru/6 




Ang/2 6 




Dheye/102 


Ajijjjl 


Dheu 3 /1 01 


IjljI 


Su 1/456 


(*) tw*A\j> 1 


Dheye/102 


(J «Jm**»".0 lA^ 1 


Sem 1/411 


/yl:>lA3l 


Aga.ru/ 6 




Werg 1/519 


^jy 1 


Teku 1/4 68 




Gwhen 2/185 


s>"jy\M 


Gwhen 2/185 


oj <*,x3l 


Sem 1/411 


Ojljjl 


Ang/2 6 


t_J\J aX-Si 


Embhi/123 


oj <*,x3l 


Teku 1/4 68 




Sem 1/412 


... t A 


Bhendh/57 


o^il 


Dhe 2/94 


(*IJlSI 


Weik 1/505 




Bhel/55 


l_)Sl y\.ki\ 


Sem 1/411 




Weik 1/505 


(jjs\ ySs\ 


Kii 1/253 


<_^AiLsl 


Dheu 3 /1 01 


l5IjjI 


Sem 1/412 


oyS3\ 


Ped/354 




En/124 


V^i 


Weik 1/505 




Ne 1/321 


jISjI 


An 2/24 


r ^i- 


Weik 1/505 


{jSj\s*>3\ 


Ang/2 6 


' <_>51 


Ter 1/474 




N.w.r/341 


W 


Embhi/123 


' <_>51 


En/124 


^ijjji 


N.w.r/341 


jy 1 


Kwer/2 62 


jISjI 


Dher 1/98 


}j^ 


Ne 1/321 


A,^Ja3l 


Sem 1/411 




Sem 1/412 




Ous 1/346 




Kwer/2 62 


^)3jIS.S1 


We 1/496 


i 5 jjji 


Ne 1/321 ^I^Jsyl 


Sem 1/411 




We 1/496 


jhj^ 


Ous 1/346 




Kwer/2 62 


•• •'■[€•[ 


We 1/496 


L5l 5J Jjl 


So/433 


5 I 


Sem 1/411 




En/124 


dSJ^ 


Ap 2/28 


fb 1 


Embhi/123 


'y**«<.N}o 1 


Steu 2/452 


tfJ* 3 M\ 



il5 



<_?--> 



li 



-AJ / 



Umm/488 
Umm/488 
Men 2/303 
Men 2/303 
Bher 1/58 
A' .m.r/23 
Nor/ 34 
Naranga/319 
Pel 1/359 
Sem 1/411 
Pel 1/359 
Sem 1/411 
Bhag/51 
Sem 1/411 
Pel 1/359 
Sem 1/411 
Bhag/51 
Bher 1/59 
Ambhi/21 
Bher 1/59 
Ambhi/21 
Ambhi/21 
Bher 1/59 
Bhendh/57 
N.b.b/320 
Ab 1/1 
Nei 1/325 



9 
9 









* %*****' Lo I 



f Lsl 



t> 






Er 1/126 
Layh/274 
Layh/274 
Layh/274 
Layh/273 
Layh/273 
Layh/273 
Es 2/131 
I 2/195 
Umm/488 
A' .m.r/23 
A' .m.r/23 
A' .m.r/23 
A.m.n/22 
A.m.n/22 
A' .m.m/22 
A' .m.r/23 
A' .m.r/23 
Mer 2/305 
I 2/195 
I 2/195 
I 2/195 
Umm/488 
M.l.h/310 
A.m.n/22 
A.m.n/22 
A' .m.r/23 



\y_3 

My. 



9 



o 






C 



5UI 



dr* 1 



jy 



Su 2/456" 
KJei/239 
Kea.nos/22 6 
Oku/343 
Agh/7 
Kad 2/202 
Kel 2/220 
Sem 1/412 
Gwa/1 72 
Yes/534 
Ksero/250 
Gene 1/141 
Ak/12 
Newo/334 
Geu 1/147 
Sek/408 
Sem 1/411 
Ul/487 
Mel 3/300 
Alek/19 
Al 3/17 
Al 3/17 
K.h. 1/236 
Al 3/17 
Layh/274 
Dema/87 
Al 3/17 






9 

oy„j ^ 



o"y~t?* 



Jtfl 



>\sLS\ 



• ••• < I 



o> 



S\ 






^1 

5 j3Um!x,jI 



L? 



j£jl 



4.1JI 
4.1JI 



816 



ur-J 



Is 



4jijj , 4_>JL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^JL/3 


°jb 


Ak/13 


(^A-ow-ii 1 


Tel/ 4 69 


' ^*J,.k»l 


iReg 2/387 


0*w* ) aX^All 


Ker 1/22 6 


j**s\ 


Tel/ 4 69 


' ^*J,.k»l 


Siceu 2/425 


O ) aX^All 


Ambhi/21 




T.L.S/480 


~ ^*J,.k»l 


Sek/409 




Kel 1/220 


(i3 JukMiS 1 


A' .r.f/33 


*■ ^ 1 S.whk>-" 1 


S.l.m/429 


/*>L»I 


Kwen 1/2 61 


'lAAAW I 


A* .b.r/4 


^*m»-* 1 \£~ 1 


Kleu 1/240 


^yU*il 


Ambhi/21 


(/•j-sl 


A* .b.r/4 


L?> J*~ 


Layh/2 73 


AsPU.^1 


Keuk 1/235 




Gh.r.f/165 


*■ ^ 1 S.whk>-" 1 


S.m. 'a/430 




Xsarta/529 


^)3jUi9l 


Au 2/39 


^■shJi 


Wedh 2/499 


9 

• 9 1 


Ambhi/21 


^Liil 


Pet 1/370 




Wedh 2/499 


[^5*^-0.^*11 


Fsan/135 




Apo/29 


p . 1 


Teub/478 


3\y^ 


Ambhi/21 


^)JjUi9l 


Reg 1/387 


Cr-^j^ 


Ak/12 


lA.iA.irUJ 1 


Fsan/135 




Ambhi/21 


jl>l 


Morwi/311 .X. 


A J.iJ J-A^All 


Xsarta/529 


(j 3 *«"j3 i 


Ambhi/21 


Cr-^j*' 


Spis/441 


wW*»»j.*AJ 1 


Xsarta/529 


0jJ^3\ 


Reg 1/387 




Wes 1/520 


^ /.Jsl 


Ambhi/21 


{jy&3l 


Frankon/134 


e?^ 1 


Ag/5 


r «^[ 


Fsan/135 




Ambhi/21 


dr-^3^ 1 


Cirag/75 


3^1 


Ksei 1/248 


• fV ii\ 


Leuk/282 




Sna/431 


(5** 1 


Gwhen 1/184 


C fs\- 


Geu 2/147 


jl>l 


Akru/14 


(uJXrUU 1 


Gwhen 1/184 


{jSJ*ys i 


Ghei 2/154 




Reuto/395 




Ambhi/21 




Geu 2/147 


lA"?. 1 ^ 1 


Skand/422 


JJsl 


Gwhen 1/184 


{jSJ*ys i 


Ambhi/21 


^,3 5 _)3l 


Sna/431 


.P 

j*)Ls»i*<*)l 


Gwel 2/177 


^yMil 


Geu 2/147 




Skeu 1/425 


A,.**> ttA*il 


Autos/42 


L5JJ.il 


Geu 2/147 


03 J^l 


Ar/31 


tt*il 


Swekwo/460 


6>» al 


Ker 1/226 


jL-il 


Say' / 403 


^ l^v^oi 


Q.d.m/380 


(*IjJ»I 


Ambhi/21 




Say' / 403 


La. i^i 


Yeu 1/535 


ls\m3\ 


Ak/13 


^L-il 


Kwon/2 68 


£)WL^' 


Kolemos/242 


fMSI 


Kens/225 


4.iL-il 


Tel/ 4 69 


lJ* 1 * 



il7 



<_?--> 



li 



-AJ / 



°J'5 



Stebh/446 

Steu 1/451 

Stebh/446 

Z.h.k/540 

Z.h.k/540 

Layh/2 73 

Sru 3/443 

Sru 3/443 

Sta/445 

Ster 2/450 

Steigh/449 

We id/504 

Ne 1/322 

Sphallein/439 

Spereg/438 r\y>~^ 

Spereg/438 z 3j L» 



9 

r . i « i 






Spinakion/440 

Spongo /441 

Kwen 1/2 61 

Do 2/109 

Kwen 1/2 61 

Epi/125 

Spek/436 

Skand/422 

Sekw/410 

Alek/19 

Ner 1/331 



£ l 



•- i 



Sta/444 

Sta/444 

Ster 3/450 

Sta/444 

Sta/444 

Kar 1/212 

Sta/445 

Stebh/446 

Stebh/446 

Stebh/446 

Sta/444 

Ost/346 

Stai 1/445 

Ekwos/121 

Ag/5 

Ster 1/449 

Ster 2/450 

Ster 4/451 

Ster 4/451 

Ster 3/450 

Cirag/75 

Stomen/453 

S.m. 'a/430 

Ak/12 

Es 2/131 

Sta/444 

Ned/ 32 4 



oj\ 3 






c 



J- 

> 

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c 






4^j j , 4_>jJ^> 

Ozgiio/348 

Aig-/5 

Ozgiio/348 

Gwa/2 72 

Angwhi/27 

Angwhi/27 

Angwhi/27 

Ozgho/348 

We id/504 

Es 2/131 

Ekwos/121 

Spinakion/ 4 l . 
Apo/29 
Per 2/365 
Spereg/438 
Spereg/438 
Spereg/438 
Ekwos/121 
Ed/ 111 



rs } \ 
f) 1 



lT*" 



jLxI 



c 



bL..* 





5 >"^-" J ' 



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Spinakion/440 

Peuk/372 \ 

Peuk/372 V 

Kuei/254 

Es 2/131 

Ost/346 

Sta/444 






818 



ur-J 



Is 



4jijj , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jiw3 J , 4_>JL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


Leuk/282 


<3l)jl 


iRet/392 


J^J' 


Agaru/6 


>r' 


Algwh/20 


<lA) j i 


Sta/444 




Agaru/6 


Cl> y>\ 


Algwh/20 


J 1 }^ 


iRet/392 


jbJ£j\ 


H.r.m/192 


f 1 ^ 1 


Ger 2/144 


6jj' 


Sta/444 




H.r.m/192 


?\M 


Algwh/20 


CP-Oj' 


Dek/83 




H.s.n/192 


^jUmP-I 


Arg/34 


jt.jj\ 


Algwh/20 


E-* 1 


H.s.n/192 


*«mP"I 


Ger 2/144 


Cjjj\ 


Algwh/20 


v-Urjl 


H.y.y/193 


^Ljp-1 


Akru/14 


o»j\ 


Ekwos/121 


^-Ujl 


Agh/7 


c 1 


Ekwos/121 


^-Ujl 


Algwh/20 


J-i.-o.P- )l 


Okto/342 


^y aj u.i> 1 


Eres 1/130 




Menth/304 




Ped/354 




Ome/344 


f^j 1 


Ar/31 


^1 


Apank/28 


jl~r\ 


Rk-tho/396 




Ar/31 


r^i 


Apank/28 


i^xXJj >'•>**** 


Eres 1/130 


^Ujl 


Ar/31 


j»A,if«*j3 j I 


D.v.r/114 


e>j\i\ 


Eres 1/130 


t_JX*>*j ) I 


Ksei 1/248 




Dub/ 111 


<_J3l 


Er 1/127 


OA«sP ) 1 


Al 1/15 


0^3 j 1 


Dub/ 111 


oju.oI 


Werg 1/519 


6^jl 


Ar/31 




Ner 1/331 


0*0^ 


Er 1/127 


7 i«5jl 


Urmak/491 


S-^J 1 


Akwa/14 


J,^ ^ i 


Orghi/345 


0«L^ )1 


Ar/31 


Ob-*.?' 


Akwa/14 


^J5«pl 


Werg 1/519 




Pa/349 




Dheye/102 


oM 


Erebu/128 


^.SJ 1 


Urmak/491 


t ~^ w "*?5 "^ J 


Dub/ 111 


Vopl 


Er 1/126 


•^SJ 1 


Urmak/491 


^J& j}j\ 


Z.k.r/541 


jtfil 


Srisa/443 


1 


Urmak/491 


c>\S *)S>j\ 


Ar/32 


Ajl3l 


Er 1/126 


&>' 


Ar/31 


Cw^UA.&.vh Jb 3 ) 1 


Ret/392 


oljl 


Kei 4/219 


4.S.J j 1 


Isto/197 




Al 1/15 


■jTljl 


Sekw/410 


j' 


Su 1/456 




Al 1/15 


Obi 


Yeu 1/535 


E 1 ^- 3 ) 1 


Algwh/20 


jj' 


Kei 4/219 


l3oI )l 


Ozgho/348 


L-J 1 


Urigh/490 


.p 


R.b.b/385 


^Ujl 



819 



<_?--> 



li 



4jijj , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jiw3 j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


B.n.v/70 


l^.**,.*^ .*yJ' 


Wer 6752 7 




Wei 2/32 6" 


Cw'-y ' 


Ab 2/3 


#\ 


Dheye/102 


lW-?- 1 


Weicw/508 


l 5 T 


Ab 2/3 


'y**£*J 1 &.J 1 






Ai 4/18 


jh"\ 


Ab 2/3 


7k1&}\ jjA 


1 




Al 4/18 


"j^ 


Ab 2/3 


AiA J 1 y» \ 






Wekw/508 


jb^ 


Ab 2/3 


p,A*>\&J) ft,„jl 


Apo/29 


_l_ 


Ap 2/28 


fW,T 


Ab 2/3 b. 


!*..■>*> J.J.P aj 1 


Apo/29 


_l 


Apo/29 


*ji\ 


Ab 2/3 


i5yj 


Au 2/39 


9 


Per 3/366 




Ab 1/2 




Pel 1/359 




Apo/29 


oD 3 j 3 1 


Apo/29 


-^ 


Pel 1/359 


9 


Per 3/366 




Kwer/2 62 


^^■i 1 


B.k.r/69 


jlSoLjl 


Bher 1/58 


d^JS ' 


Op/ 34 4 


U 1 


Upo/490 


yl 


Apo/29 




Ghei 2/154 


? oW 


Nebh/323 


yl 


Weik 1/505 


lJXs*j l 


Swekwo/460 


oW 


Amon/23 


oyVy 1 


Weik 1/505 


^po, 5 T 


Bhag/51 


<Jx>b1 


Nebh/323 




Weik 1/505 


,>-?.3^ 


Aidh/9 


> 


Ab 2/3 


j».^Al^jl 


Ens/125 


0*^ 


Ne 1/322 


-1 


Upo/490 


OjJ^ ol 


Aios/10 


Cj*> T 


Autos/42 


oky' 1 


Upo/490 


■^yy 1 


Bher 3/60 


y <y> T 


Bhen/56 




Bhru 1/67 


sy 1 


Ten 1/471 


(^)taL^ji>J»A i 


Autos/42 


^yy' 1 


Rei 2/389 


ft«*AiO jJ ' 


Leup/283 


U 7 iaT 


Autos/42 


t— >>«OU* ail 


Ab 1/1 


3iyl 


Ten 1/471 


(JxXA 1 


Men 1/302 




Leigh 2/277 




Kwer/2 62 


j^jjdT 


Autos/42 


Joy>yl 


Geu 2/147 


jl^l 


Oku/343 


Vy» T 


Steig/448 


0»«*,Xi«0 1 


Ghei 2/154 




Ahu/8 


V T 


Aidh/9 


^ 


Dwo/115 


w4J.nfc.AiJ 1 


Ten 1/471 


/yljX^A 1 


Aga.ru/ 6 


ojU>l 


Gwel 1/176 




Gwa/1 72 


oJJjl 


J.b.r/200 


jL.p-1 


B.n.v/70 


W» 


Dheye/102 


4.1jI 



820 



ur-J 



Is 



4jijj , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^JL/3 


°jb 


A' .m.r/23 


jA 


EI 2/222 


t_J>J 1 


Apo/29 


jO X>,j9 1 


Mel g/ 300 


J'jy^ 


Al 3/17 


J HIT 


Pri/3 77 




Mel g/ 300 


d^jj* ' 


Alek/19 


) lAa) WfeXJ 1 


Apo/29 


Ci-^J^ 


Amalaka/20 


?y,0 \ 


Al 3/17 


f IT 


Pri/3 77 




Amalaka/20 


AXa 1 


Ghdhem/150 




Apo/29 


Crt> T 


Amon/23 


y>T 


Su 1/455 




Pri/377 




Meug/308 


Cr-^y ' 


El 2/122 


4.ia\J 1 


Agh/7 


<j>T 


Amon/23 


O-^y i 


Alu/20 


pi^-JT 


Ak/12 


c*>u^ >!> l 


Meug/308 


)y ( 


Leu/280 


CPy i 


Gwa/1 73 




Meug/308 


o-^'jy ' 


Alu/20 


pl^J 1 


Apo/29 


£j>X*j> \ 


Meug/308 


J'jyT 


Akwa/14 


o^JT 


Gwhen 1/184 




Meug/308 


oW^J j a/» i 


Akwa/14 


4J1 


Akwa/14 


fyj 1 ^ 


Meug/308 


j^jy"^ 


El 2/122 




Kerd 1/229 


oy^jy* ' 


Amon/23 


oy ' 


Leig/2 76 


w^JPOhJ ? 


Keu 3/233 


L3vh.vS.rUJ a-* 1 


Meig/298 


* ji.poj^ t 


Leig/2 76 


>JT 


Kwek/2 60 


»UT 


Meig/298 


iA>^ T 


Leig/2 76 


dP.>^ T 


Gwhen 1/184 


,^)A^.]> 1 


A.m.n/22 


cw 1 


Leig/2 76 


J*.^ 


Agurru/7 


j/T 


A.m.n/22 


4.1^1 


Leig/2 76 


6 J i>»'' ' 


Agurru/7 


A->r ( 


An 2/24 


T 


Mer 1/304 


>T 


Agurru/7 


'•sJjy'T 


Ne 1/321 


l^AbT 


Magh 2/289 


^)UT 


Akwa/14 


JT 


Ahu/8 




So/433 




El 2/122 


MT 


Ten 1/472 


dr sT 


Magh 2/289 


r a)UT 


El 2/122 


VT 


Al 3/17 


(*)' a-o-rfv^,3 l 


So/433 




Lai/ 2 72 


<JYT 


Sed/405 


jjT 


A' .m.m/22 


jSyl* T 


Leu/280 


l5^/T 


Yeu 3/536 


p-?.^ 


Layh/2 73 




Werg 1/519 


^•)J T 


Bhel/55 


l_)Sl ^lAsl 


Gwa/1 72 


^.u»l 


Akwa/14 


£ JT 


So/433 


4.XSI 


Apo/29 




Al 3/17 


U.JT U.JT 



321 



<_?--> 



li 



4jijj , 4_>JL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


Asu /36 


L*.**> i 


Ozgho/348 


V T 


Ome/344 




Ab 1/1 


<* m ȣ\*,*iM 1 


Me 2/293 


J^}^ 


Arxein/35 


.. <•• i. T 


Ak/12 




Me 2/293 


{jZyj 1 


Tex/4 79 




Neku/328 


(JiA.AifUiJ 1 


Me 2/293 


{jyj ' 


Arxein/35 


a.*,.**) ) 1 


Ed/ 117 


J^ 


Ag/5 


^ 


Reug/394 


b T 


Sta/444 




Ag/5 


o~s\j\ 


Er 1/127 


oJjz'j \ 


Kseubh/250 


' y*.&J£> 1 


Gwiien 2/185 


Ci^jJ 


Er 1/127 


OA«sP ) 1 


Kseubh/250 


4.xAijl 


Gwhen 2/185 


ti-^JT 


Rem/ 3 90 


0-h A j ' 


Ous 1/346 


j \2\J& \ 


Gwhen 2/185 


L)-^jT 


El 3 /122 


Oj 1 


Gno/168 


Ls^jj 1 


Gwei/175 


j£\ 


El 3 /122 


e 3 ^ 1 


Kseubh/250 


t«_w> a,M) 1 


Ak/12 


L^T 


El 3 /122 


e>J> ) 1 


Kweye/2 66 


(*)L»«ii*»j i 


Skand/422 


J ^^aOLuj 1 


Reug/394 


VJ T 


Gwhen 1/182 




Sta/444 


/^L*,^*j 1 


Reug/394 


<3.3jT 


Kweye/2 66 


4,3 »■*..*£ i 


Sta/444 


a3u.^j t 


En/124 


l5jT 


Gwhen 1/182 




Ghesto/161 


' y*A*> 1 


Wei 1/509 




Gherto/160 


jUT 


Steig/448 cA&~zJ\ 


Al 1/15 


k/ 


Gherto/160 


CPj^T 


Ghesto/161 


,».«»*■»*.«> 1 


Er 1/126 


£^ T 


Gherto/160 


(^Ajjlc 1 


Ghesto/161 


' y^,t*A*l \ 


Gene 1/141 


3l)T 


Gheugh/1 63 


JUT 


Ambhi/21 




Gher 1/158 


jljT 


Gherto/160 


/T 


Ne 1/322 


o^JIa^j i 


Gher 1/158 


dPj 1 )^ 


Gherto/160 


0-* j* ' 


Sphallein/439 


Gher 1/158 


u^j^jT 


Gherto/160 


* y^mAAtOh-- 1 


Ne 1/322 


4.1J lfl*J 1 


Gwhen 2/185 


CPjT 


Gheugh/1 63 


J^ 


Sphallein/439 


Gher 1/158 


lPj.) ' 


Gheugh/1 63 


Js^ 1 


An 1/24 


**M> 1 


Gher 1/158 


^J.)"^ 


Ab 1/2 


<_^b,3 1 


Ak/12 


/jUw t 


Dheugh/101 e 


^^-a^j) ' 


Tep/4 73 




Men 1/301 




Ger 2/144 




Apo/29 




Ak/12 


\s**M \ 


Ne 1/321 





322 



ur-J 



Is 



4jijj , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jij j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


4jiw3 j , 4^jL/3 


°jb 


A' .m.r/23 


Jl^jwO 1 


Apo/29 


bbUT 


T 




Al 3/17 




Dhe 2/94 








Adhamah/5 


31^/03 1 


Atos/38 


dw 31 


Apo/29 


_T 


Ater/37 


k J* > «" > ' 


Ater/37 


{ J3\ 


Ab 1/1 


' <— >l 


Dheye/102 


4.1j3 1 


Per 4/368 


6 jUj^XS 1 


Ab 1/2 


' <— >l 


Ater/37 


jiT 


Tel/ 4 69 


i_Sw.isMi' 1 


Ab 1/1 


^bUT 


Ater/37 


(^LsOUjS 1 


Spher/44 


>A^Mi.i t 


Pa/349 




Pa/349 




We 1/496 




Ab 1/1 


O^J 


Dheye/102 


Cri.^ 


Gwhen 2/185 


^jj>l 


Atos/38 


^.li\ 


As/35 


J 1 


Agurru/7 


J-T^ 


Swel 1/4 61 


jy°y 


Ar/31 


Or**"' J ' 


Gwhen 2/185 


£j taL-jp" i 


Svas/459 


Oi^uJajJol 


Apo/29 




Ak/12 


jW^ 


Reg 3/388 


Jw J 1 


Rem/ 390 


fb T 


Agh/7 


t T 


Ab 1/2 


.syJ 


Rem/ 3 90 


lT-^J^ 


Swel 1/4 61 




Leigh 2/277 


}*yJ 


El 3 /122 


0bT 


Ab 1/1 




Ab 1/1 




Ar/31 


L5ljT 


Swel 1/4 61 


J^ 


Ghei 2/154 


oyJ 


Ar/31 


lA^'J ' 


Ab 1/1 




Gwei/175 


iSyJ 


Ar/32 


.).3.A> ! 


Swen/4 61 


Jj^i> 1 


Ghei 2/154 


? ooJ 


Ar/32 


o^jT 


Dub/ 111 


<-->o 1 


Kel 1/220 


JLjI 


Al 2/16 


W 


Adhamah/5 


^»moO 1 


Kel 1/220 


^p/L^I 


Ar/31 


W 


Ater/37 


j^T 


Pou/376 


'w«mO 1 


Bhergh/62 


3)j ! 


Reg 1/387 


l/^^ 


Ten 1/472 




Bhergh/62 


■^SJJ ' 


Ater/37 


i_Sw.i'u j 3 1 


Ab 1/1 


jLijI 


Al 3/17 


< • T 


Ater/37 


ok^ 


Gwhder/181 




Ghel/155 




Ater/37 


CriJ^ 


Hebni/190 


o»3^J 


Leuk/282 


iAJ 


Adhamah/5 


f3l 


Nei 1/325 


(uJXaO *•*-»"* < 


Rk-tho/396 


fUjT 


Adhamah/5 


i_jx>0 t 


Ab 1/1 


(•JXaiiiiO ' 



323 



r 




"\ 


\ 




> 



Leave Blank 



t_flJ*£%£> ^l^Jbj j& OU) Owj^-d 



LANGUAGE 


4,^A*2 


ok> 


LANGUAGE 


4^fl*^ 


okj 


SEMITIC 


745 


^«U 


ROOTS 


547 


Ut> 4£jj 


SANSKRIT 


741 


C.j_j£— iU> 


ARAMAIC 


570 


CS*'/ 


SOGDIAN 


747 


^±\k~j 


GERMAN 


640 


__.jl.ulT 


CELTIC 


597 


^Xiw 


- German (Old High) 


642 


__-.O.J*A9 - 


SWEDISH 


752 


^^J- 


- German (Mid. High) 


641 


4JL.0 - 


SYRIAC 


753 


l£jf 


ETHIOPIAN 


634 


^Jjftj' 


SUMERIAN 


751 


j_5j*jw 


ARMENIAN 


571 


^giej! 


HEBREW 


656 


<Sj^ 


SPANISH 


750 


^_. 5 L J L*> l 


ARABIC 


564 


v^> c 


SLAVIC (Old) 


746 


^fij^ii jMwl 


PERSIAN 


702 


US^J 1 * 


AKKADIAN 


563 


i_S-».rf 


(in Persian Alphabet) 


825 


^^jb ^ijjs- L> 


ENGLISH 


601 


__.~_.l£j ' 


- Persian (Old) 


730 


^.C»J*\9 - 


- English (Old) 


633 


__-,0.J*\3 - 


^aiw - ^ji^ =gp 




4JL« - 


- Englidh (Middle) 


632 


4JL« - 


FRENCH 


635 


cSj-.it> 


AVESTAN 


572 


^JLwjf 


- French (Old) 


639 


^.C»J*\9 - 


ITALIAN 


677 


__.j LJ U j 1 


LATIN 


678 


C*™ 


IRANIAN 


674 


i*i'*' 


- Latin (Middle) 


627 


4JL« - 


- Iranian (Old) 


675 


^CJ.A£ - 


- Latin (Late) 


687 


V - 


IRISH 


676 


^5 *ui^ j T 


MEDIT 


689 


cgiU 


-Irish (Old) 


676 


^A.J.A£ - 


MALAYSIAN 


688 


c£j u * 


PARTHIAN 


701 


<sh [ i 


EGYPTIAN 


600 


t£j-&*> 


^aj.Xs - ^-jls =^p 


730 


^jl^*oU tg*^jlj 


MONGOLIAN 


630 


^)ji« 


PALI 


700 


^ 


NORSE (Old) 


691 


^ttJJ.9 tjjjjj 


PORTUGUESE 


739 


^ Jl23 ji 


WELSH 


756 


c£> } 3 


PAHLAVI 


692 


i5^ 


DUTCH 


599 


i_gjv.Ua> 


TAMIL 


754 


, (~<o Ij 


INDO-EUROPEAN 


659 


^iljjjl - aia, 


TURKISH 


755 


csO 3 


INDO-SCYTHIAN 


673 


^jljCw - *U*fe 


CHINESE 


598 


cs-^ 


HINDUSTANI 


658 


. g J lX<wj a tA*,& 


RUSSIAN 


740 


cs-3J 


GREEK 


648 


^JIJJJ 


- Russian (Old) 


740 


__.,o.j*\9 - 


- Greek (Middle) 


655 


4JL« - 


GERMANIC 


643 


^ il *JJ 



Leave Blank 



Leave Blank 






^-.-Uol JUe 


^r-J U 


JtU> 


laaJL) <-i$y i^^j^ 


^3^* 


Far 


ab 


vT 


a 


T 


man 


asb 


WW* 


a 


1 


glottal stop 


ma'xaz 


Jk»le 


? 


*■ 


boy 


bar 


^ 


b 


«_> 


pet 


par 


J* 


P 


s_> 


toy 


talatom 


n>^ 


t 


-fc>0 


son 


salam 


joMw 


S o^ 


o - *£» 


joy 


jabr 


Jrt- 


J 


e: 


church 


Cah 


ob- 


c[ch] 


£ 


hot 


hadi 


^gilft 


h 


*c 


Scottish loch 


xar 


J«* 


x [kh] 


c 


day 


dast 


1i_i »i>'V 


d 


^ 


zebra 


zan 


oj 


Z JJ 


J*j i 


ray 


rah 


•b 


r 


J 


vision 


zarf 


J i> 


z [jh , zh] 


J 


shop 


Sab 


• - 1 - * 


S[sh] 


J 1 


strong guttural sound 


SaMT 


^fcAftM* 


"* 


£ 


gargling sound 


gaz 


j* 


g [gh] 


<e 


fun 


fil 


J^ 


f 


»_9 


emphatic k 


qu 


y 


q[gh] 


J 


cake 


ketab 


V»t3" 


k 


O - 


goat 


go! 


J*" 


g 


v_f 


lip 


lab 


^ 


1 


J 


man 


man 


o* 


m 


r 


noon 


nan 


o" 


n 





voice 


vahed 


J0-I3 


V 


3 


yard 


yar 


jM 


y 


«^ 


boot 


pul 


J* 


u (long) 


v 


old 


ostad 


ilxwl 


(short) 


'1 


toe 


owraq 


JW 


6, ow (long) 


3'' 


machine 


iman 


oM 


1 (long) 


«5» 


bee 


Jebrael 


J£r^ 


e (long) 


^P 



n 



. Jj^L—s ,_, «*JiSJl l) 9~° J J Ow /~-5>jj c5' r* L J lt <-~2jj s *' ( ' 

.C— I aJJ> ejta OULJ ( ) C~*!>U- L (^jUu* CjUJ jj & <jjl-W» (Y 






4*b »j?w JJ 4J^jcJ 



Indo-European B3 POK:515 



<Coj Oli) 



^*£J v ^^ OU) v^ 1 ? 



Ka, Qa : to wish, desire 



V Avestan / Old Persian 
CO POK:515 



ka2, kam2, 
kama : desire 



Pahlavi 

£QBQT:1578;SNS:209 



kam : desire 



Persian Pi BOT: 1 578 



kam : desire \olr 

l©b" 3**~et |°J^ O*^" O^jj? *V 

AsadT 



Avestan /Old Persian B3 POK:515, KNT:173 




? 




Canah, Cinah, Cinman : desire 

aspa - canah : horse lover cS= Ekwos 













English 




' 


whore 


horaz : one who desires 












English CO AHD 


Latin G3 POK:515 






caress, charity, cherish 


carus : desire 









./ 



<*> 






OUJ t_^>jt> 4J^jcJ 



Language CO Reference (s): page numbers 



Word : meaning , 



"other roots, Persian words 



ls-J u 



Word : meaning , ^other roots, Persian words l ^w J U 
One line of poem showing usage of Persian words. 
Notes on other possible derivations or special discussion. 



|M_| Jji-Lej^jU* 4J UJ 

C^= jSja ^Ia <£jj 4J ^>j 2u L2J 



^ 






X* 



c&fcjS jji f jf ©aUlJ ^LoJAf j 



Uj C^>- J? ala>- jl l^Juj A-j OUo (jui^l .**** iV-**^ l£' y • <•**■*''' s -^ 1 6^'^ q\£*j ^°u P*-*» ti3^j iw-jli 

ju C-.^^i j^ gs^Jm J& OuO 4-tj j 1. C-*** 1 ' e-Li cio oL^- 1 A ojU-i uJ-^T U^ J^ ^ j alajU-A 

aIj o I l£^ j- 5 ^ ^^ jlj5 J^ 1 J-^i**« iwJj>-jl^>- J>-l-i j-* oL>j y*> ol*J . ijta jly jT o> j 

.C-^1 oJ-i 6-5 j j I Jj&L«i J-iLi ot*J j I .s^jjo SoLiUJ o ^jU-il jl t [])lSs-«1 ujw? 

C***»1 s-^T ^t> oJIj ,j^>tj ji 4S" j^j jl olil c^i^ ^jj jl 4S" c— I pj j I-&I lJ^J y* j-* ^-^ 

j 4-ij j L j^' j i *— *^r i J^ l£' y • ■^j p '* j ^^^rl r* o I ^ j*^ j I-*-*j I y I 4^*jL^ sju-^ u j C-J« o I 4-io j 

( LCllClil = jJ^j jj ) ^jlj^jl JIa <jJl>j j^ 1. ^**>jli oUJ C-^*> *£9 l£JJ j' t ' t ^* J ' ( f-^J' i ^-**J */*-*■*' 

1. 4-io j 0' j** 8 o>Xi 0.51.5 Ol^ti-^3 OjU-i 4j <*JW>-I j^ U .j-"^ J o^S I J^J lj (. 1 CllK = (j Jjii *3s^t« ) J 

^jlsw t J-iL^> oUj < *-^jj t»5jj i-i^-* 1 3 (Vi ^-^ Ij ^j^ ^ C****l f»j j <osJ /jl (^jjt^u 

o C_~^l ^*^^Ji ^jt^j o ^u**il sjlj |i« C-*** 1 ! sJ_i s^l^ (_£i 4-io j j <u3jl a a^_a^ **!>- jl OUojl ^jL-*«j 

j^ (C**-* t -^'- , Ojlil« (j I ojj j^l A4A« u ej'j ti3sj /«l»**^t» A&^i« elS J& . ^1*mj I ^^ ^*^>- JjIa« j^ 

O s~Li o^Ul**»1 jJj ^2jj2- jl ^*J y jl dSslfcy /yl ^Jib>«-« ^t^Jtij j^ OUu l^tfJJ t^l^ 

J.S Ol *s^1 jl j-s^aj ^1 y U_?-^T (V I J^ • l -^--** , l s-^ 1 eili C)LiJ j 7" j** lVW^ 6 j^»-A S ejU-i UJ-^T J*^ 

43^ jIxj oUJ JiiJu (_^l j _Jjl Jj Jjjb(^-) ^l-Us J^jA *£ V^] J (^) j*^ sJ -^ *- s jjT 4JUJ 

Jj^jw ( Khorasan jL-l^ jJii) ^^-JlSoI jji« j^ oUJ j^>J> ts^j, l^j^ j ( ^^n^ *>■ ^^j) 

Jjjb ^1 4jLty« Olj-^sl ^*wjli j.S O t£3p*- <• ci>slft> i /j I j^ l^tflT ^SjjS>- O^S a^[^> C-*^>- . J-iLw« 
.i? j l J? i j 1. i t^'y ^' jJiJ C****l eJ-i o.sl.s (])LiJ ^J y^> L_iy>" ^i5sj u iaAS 



u 










i^ailA 3 ^giLJI ^l^jbjj 


JtfiU 


3 ^jU« ^gjl^a^l ,_gla <oU.j 


ijlf a*«.jqj 


^x>L»>' 




KGW 


Ibrahim J. 


r»»"!y! 




PLA 


Asbaghi A. 


^"f-' 




SPG, ARP 


Spiegel F. 


jS-.il 




BRT, HID, ZAW 


Bartholomae C. 


<u^l!ijlj 




POK 


Pokorny J. 


y^lifii 




FWK 


Dvorak R. 


O-ljji 




DOZ 


Dozy R. (Dutch) 


^jj* 




AKD 


Zimmern H 


Oj^iij 




SDQ 


Siddiqi A. 


l^"-*-* 1 




AFA 


Frankel S. 


JSJly 




LAG 


Lagarde P. 


ijlfV 




LKT 


Lokotsch K. 


S jjrjJ 




AIN 


Liden E 


O^ft* 




LEW, WLD 


Walde A. 


OJkJIj 




TTS 


Vambery H. 


iSj*»l 




HRN 


Horn P. 


Ojft 




HUB 


Hubschmann H. 


^U.—jja 



4-Jlj3 O^ 



Jk»U 3 ^jU« ^gjl-a^l ^5 la, <oU.j 



jlfwU. 



**» v* 



«l«j' 



DRM 
DEV 
EAV 

LAT 
LAM 
PHN 



Darmester J. 
Devic L. M. 
Duchesne -Guillemin 
Ernout A.& Meillet 
Lammens H. 
Pihan A. P. 



4JLdQ - jjj! 



^j c O 1 ^ 



J^-U 3 £jUs ^gjl-a^l ^5 la <oU.j 


£lf JU«»JqJ ^sL)! 


AFM 


Addi Shir J0 i ^al 


ARB 


JawalTqT ^Jlj?- 


KFL 


Tha'alebT ^->l»3 


TAD 


UnaysT T. ^-«-<= 



^A 






-s^'O 1 ^ 



Jl>U 


3 £jLU> ^jLaXsM (^Ia 4JL1J 


jjirwV^wjji i _ s *u>( 




OXF 


Speake J. 


wCmII 




SKT 


Skeat W. W. 


C«^i 




UNV 


Unvala J. M. 


Vljjl 




SYN 


Buck C. D. 


o-b 




NAT 


Berlitz 


j^J» 




FWE 


Bliss A. J. 


*J*M 




BLY, ISS, ZAP 


Baily H.W. 


J* 




PRT 


Partridge E. 


&jjk 




PE1 


PeiM. 


<sk 




GPL 


Platts J. T. & Ranking GSA. 


yM 




TLM 


Tolman H. C. 


O^Jy 




TYL 


Taylor W. 


jj^ 




FVQ 


Jeffrey A. 


iSJ* 




AVG 


Jackson A. V.W. 


03 '"*'?' 




DVS 


Davis P. 


0""'!J'i' 3 




RCH 


Richardson J. ^^ijlxj 




SHP, OEW 


Shipley J. T. 


JyS - 




FSD 


Funk I. K. 


Oils 




WEB 


Collins W. 


^ 




KLN 


Klein E. 


o*.™ 




ROW 


Claiborne R. 


Ojjtn^ 




KNT 


Kent R G 


Otf 




AWH 


Kinder H. & Hilgemann W. 


jJUjT 




AHM 


Gershevitch I. 


S^J-'jS* 




CEL 


Gupta S. K. 


tjjf 




SIN 


Laufer B. 


>y 




PHD 


MacKenzie D. N. 


ifi^SKe 




1EC 


Mann S. E. 


k>> 




AHD 


Morris W. 


O^JJ* 




NYB 


Nyberg H.S. 


^yx!> 




MAG 


Widengren G. 


Oj^Ai'j 




AID 


Withworth G. C. 


°JJ^J 




BST 


Horn P. 


Ojft 




LST, MPP, SLW, SOG 


Henning W. P. 


OJLwJfc 




HJB 


Yule H. & Burnel A. C. 


J* 



w 






^-o 1 * okjj 



o»-U 


a ^jU« )> gjl.<nV.'>l ^lAs 4JLiJ 


,J) \S lA^uJ^j ^^cLwf 




ARM 


Aryan, A. ^jT 




ETM, FFD, TZF, ZFS 


AbolghasemT M. ^^wGJIjjI 




VFO 


Ahmad SoltanT M. ^UaU ju^I 




SOR 


Akhavan ZanjanT K. t^Mi o'j*' 




FRS 


AsadT TusT ts-'j 1 ' ^gJujl 




AKM 


A'lamA J. ^1 




FVF 


Emam Shushtar! ^gjiiji ^Ul 




MFL 


OranskT & Keshavarz jjjLir 3 ^s-jljjl 




VDQ 


Badreh-T ^1 oj jo 




SBK 


Bahar M. T. J^> 




FIB 


PtirDavud ijjtojjj 




BQT 


TabrTzT M.H.(Borhan) iSjij! 3 




NFI, ZMA 


JonaydT F. ^s-V-=- 




KAS 


HasanT da I Al-Eslam ^MwVl ^cli ^— a- 




AEF 


KhaleqT Motlaq Jalal jjtt** ^SJL> 




VGH 


KhadTv Jam H. ^ jjjo^ 




MMF 


KhalTlT K. ^LLi- 




FNI 


DanayT F. ^LSto 




FAF 


Daneshgar A. j££jto 




DZA 


Rashed Mohassel J«a=w> jv-'j 




ARK 


Rokn Zadeh - Adamiyyat M. H. oalj ^r. 




1RT, VIE 


Sajjadiyyeh M. A. -tJ^L^w 




SAP 


Sayyah A g-L- 




SNS 


TavoosT M. ^jjlk 




AMD 


A'mTd H. jucc 




IRN 


FarahvashT B. ^i, 3 oy 




SOD 


GharTb B. (in Persian & English) ^jy 




SNB 


Kowsar B. y^r 




VOP 


MoshM M. i£j~2-n 




MON 


Mo'Tn M. ^^ 




VSF 


Mehravand K. jo jT j^o 




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Natel KhanlarT P. cSj^ 1 * JJ^ 




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OtfU(L>*j L^_*«j (_£ly I^J . 0**»1 4l£5o (_£-X-j jJili ^*wjli OUJ Ij tgJ I <uajlj j eJ-i liis 1 ^jll**ijl 
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jl ^--J^Jt 


OLI 




^ U JJ 


^h* 


Cw 3y 


BH 


B 


PH 


F 


B 




Bhue: to be 


be 


physics 


future 


budan: to be 


O^ 


Bhudh: base 


bottom 




foundation 


bon: base 


& 


D 


T 


D 


D 


D 




Dwo: two 


two 






do: two 


3 a 


Dekm: ten 


ten 




dime 


dah: ten 


oi 


G 


K 


G 


G 


Z/G 




Gel: form into a ball 


club 




globe 


goluleh: bullet 


4)yr 


Gene: to give birth to 


king 


gene 


generate 


zaidan: to bear 


o-Vs>!j 


GH 


G 


KH 


H 


Z 




Ghel: yellow color 


gold 


chlorine 




zar: gold 


jj 


Y 


J(Y) 


H 


J 


Y (J in Persian) 


Yeu 1: young 


young 




juvenile 


javan: young 


o'*=r 


Yeu 2: to join 


yoke 




join 


yug: yoke 


<£# 


L 


L 


L 


L 


R 




Leuk: light 


light 




luster 


rosan: bright 


0*5) 


P 


F 


P 


P 


P 




Pa-ter: protector 


father 


Pope 


paternal 


pedar: father 


J-V 


Ped: foot 


foot 


podium 


pedicure 


pa: foot 


b 


Pei: fat 


fat 




pine 


pih: fat 


<U> 


Pel: to fill 


full 


poly- 


plenty 


por: full 


Ji 


Penkwe: five 


five 


pentagon 




panj: five 


&i 


S 


S 


H 


S 


H 




Sem: one 


same 


Homo- 


single 


ham: same 


n* 


Septm: seven 


seven 




September 


haft: seven 


wiflft 


W 


W 




V 


V (B in Persian) 


We: to blow 


wind 




vent 


bad: wind 


ib 


Werg: to work 


work 






varzes: sport 


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