ttt Crf ET -M W *h ttt
A D RA MA ZA DA A
An Etymological Dictionary
of
Persian , English
and other
Indo-European Languages
Ali Nourai
x
Tracing Words to their Origins
Will help us Understand our Cultures
The Main Features of this Dictionary
1) Over 1600 COMMON ROOTS for 4700 Persian and 3300 English
words
2) Over 9400 COGNATES in more than fifty other languages
3) NON INDO-EUROPEAN ROOTS are also included
4) GRAPHIC CHARTS showing word relations
5) WORD INDEX for each recorded language
6) DOCUMENTATION of word relations
c
ONTENTS
PREFACE A-l
INTRODUCTION A-2
THE SCIENCE OF ETYMOLOGY A-5
BIBLIOGRAPHY A-7
GUIDE TO USING THE DICTIONARY A-16
PRONUNCIATION KEYS A-18
ETYMOLOGICAL CHARTS 1-541
INDEX OF ROOTS AND WORDS 545
INTRODUCTION AND SELECTED ARTICLES IN PERSIAN A -X\
LIST OF TABLES
IN THE ENGLISH ARTICLES
TABLE I THREE MAJOR LANGUAGE GROUPS
OF THE WORLD A- 4
TABLE II SAMPLE OF CONSONANT SOUND CHANGES
IN INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES A- 6
TABLE III LIST OF REFERENCES BY LANGUAGE
AND AUTHOR NAMES A-8
TABLE IV ABBREVIATION OF REFERENCES A-9
TABLE V GUIDE FOR INTERPRETING
ETYMOLOGICAL CHARTS A-17
TABLE VI PRONUNCIATION KEYS A-19
Preface
Words are the elements of a language used to identify objects, formulate
ideas and express feelings. These words are also a mirror in that they are a
reflection of the cultural history and development of a people.
Tracing words to their origins will open a new window to human
civilization and culture and help us understand the roots of some of our present
social trends and attitudes. For example, the etymology of words for family
members clearly shows the division of responsibilities and position of each
member in the most basic unit of society - the family. Father was the "protector"
of the family, mother was the "feeder", brother was the load "carrier" and
daughter was the "milker". If one makes the effort to read beyond the shallow
shell of sounds and symbols, one can recognize our human oneness portrayed in
our words and their historical roots. Consider, for example, the English word
family, referring to "a group of people belonging to the same house." The
equivalent of this word, in Persian, is dudman (family ^U^a), meaning "a group
of people sitting around the same fire." These words have been derived from
different roots and have evolved in distant places on earth. Yet, the "feelings and
ideas" behind the composition of both words are expressive of the same intimacy
innate to all human beings. Family and dudman both portray a parallel human
situation: a group of people from the same "home" who sit around the same
"fire."
Unfortunately, the superficial differences in our colorful words have
disguised our oneness. The intolerance of differences has penetrated so deeply
that, throughout history, many nations have attempted to use the differences in
languages as a means to subjugate or humiliate others. For example, the word
"barbarian," which literally means "people who speak a different language," has
been so widely abused that today its meaning is all inclusive to mean wild and
uncivilized.
The primary motivation for writing this dictionary is the hope that it may
foster a greater appreciation of the variances among different languages and
cultures, and ultimately nurture a greater understanding among those who speak
apparently different languages. After all, we have all come from the same
"home", have gathered around the same "fire" and share the same innate "Human
Language."
A. Nourai
A-l
Introduction
When we go through the process of tracing words to their origins, we are,
in essence, tracing our civilization to its most basic roots. While archeology
brings us physical facts about our ancestors, etymology portrays a clearer picture
of their emotions, ideas and inner world.
Persian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages which also
includes English, French, German and many other languages (See Table I). It is
quite evident that in tracing any Persian word to its origins, its cognates in other
Indo-European languages must be considered. In this dictionary, English
cognates are regularly referred to along with some other Indo-European
equivalents. Since the Persian and English languages have borrowed many
words from Semitic, Turkish and other languages that do not belong to the Indo-
European group, these words are also analyzed and presented in this dictionary.
Altogether, over 1,600 roots and 17,400 derived words are presented in
this dictionary. About half of the entries are from Persian and other Iranian
languages. These words can be divided into the following approximate language
groups:
Persian 4,700 words
Other Iranian Languages
(Avestan, Old Persian, Pahlavi, Sogdian, etc.) 4,300 words
English 3,300 words
Greek & Latin 1,500 words
Indo-European roots 1,400 words
Arabic, Hebrew & other Semitic languages 800 words
French, German, Italian & Spanish 400 words
Sanskrit & Indian (Hindustani) 400 words
Other languages 700 words
If we look at all languages collectively, and with a truly open mind, we
see that there is little difference between what is considered as a "foreign" word
and what is believed to be a "native" word. The difference is mainly in the time
of entry into a language. Some words have entered a language "sooner" in history
and are, therefore, better rooted and more widely accepted than others. All
languages have exchanged words throughout their history. A "pure" language is
nothing more than a myth.
Probably the first known massive word exchanges among Indo-
Europeans took place about four thousand years ago when they began to migrate
A-2
out of their homeland. They went west to establish the European nations and
south to establish the Indian and Iranian nations. There were undoubtedly
massive word exchanges among the Indo-Europeans and the local tribesmen.
Throughout its long history and for various social, cultural and political
reasons, the Persian language has enriched itself by exchanging words with many
other languages while maintaining its original identity. Besides having a direct
lineage, many Indo-European words have reached Persian through other
languages. For example, serat ie\yo , eblis ^Jbf and khiyal JL> are Indo-
European words that have reached Persian after going through and accepting the
shape and accent of Semitic languages. Yet other words such as hendeseh <u>wUa> ,
zaman ^Uj and rezq jjjj are examples of old Iranian words that have reached
Persian through Arabic.
Some borrowed words are used internationally appearing in almost all
languages. Examples of these words are volt 0J3 , mikrob o^ , metr ju> and
telefon ^D . Algorithm (algoritm ^jj^JT) is another international word which
was coined after the Iranian mathematician of the ninth century, Mohammad
Kharazmi ^jj^- , who introduced algebra to the world.
Many of the borrowed words have been so Persianized and have
penetrated so deeply throughout the literature and poetical heritage that it is
almost impossible to separate them from the Persian language. Considering the
beauty and the depth of the spiritual thoughts expressed in the poems of Molavi,
Hafez, SaMi and other poets who have used so many Persianized Arabic words, it
is futile to even think about abandoning these words. Omitting these Persianized
words is like erasing a significant part of the Persian heritage and identity. This
assimilation of foreign words, of course, is not a unique feature of the Persian
language. Imagine omitting all the Greek and Latin words from English, or other
European languages: the result would be impractical and severely restricted
languages.
Having an open mind about accepting foreign words, however, does not
mean we should arbitrarily borrow words from other languages and use them
carelessly. While proper borrowing of words can actually enrich a language and
contribute to its survival, wanton usage of foreign words can easily corrupt a
language, inhibit its growth and obscure its identity.
A-3
TABLE I
Three Major Language Groups of the World
(Some languages are not shown)
INDO-EUROPEAN
~
I
Celtic
Greek
T
Irish, Welsh
i
T
GERMANIC
'
'
Swedish,
Norse
*
'
German
Du1
en
I
Indo-Iranian (Aryan)
I
Sanskrit
Indian
Hindustani
X
OLD
IRANIAN
Sogdian, Kurdish
Baluchi, Pashto
and other Iranian
Languages
Old Persian,
Avestan
Old & Middle English
1
Old Slavic
Russian
Armenian
LATIN
i_
Middle Persian, Pahlavi
ENGLISH
I
Italian
Spanish
PERSIAN
FRENCH
TT
semitic~|
North West
North East
South West
Aramaic
Akkadian
Altaic]
Hebrew
Mongolian, Korean
Uzbek, Kazakh
ARABIC
TURKISH
A-4
The Science of Etymology
In 1786, a British judge in India, Sir William Jones, himself familiar with
the Greek and Latin languages, declared that there was a strong affinity among
Latin, Greek and Sanskrit. He postulated that they all sprang from a common
root which was later referred to as the Indo-European family of languages. His
announcement marked the beginning of the modern science of linguistics.
Indo-European was not a written language. However, about two
thousand of its root words have been reconstructed by comparing words of
similar sound and meaning among its derived languages. As the Indo-European
people started to migrate, their language split into many different dialects that
stemmed from the phonetic habits or preferences of different tribes. The key to
the science of comparative linguistics and etymology, is the fact that these sound
changes followed a rather systematic pattern that is used to determine
relationships among dissimilar words in different languages.
A detailed discussion of sound changes among languages is beyond the
scope of this dictionary. However, as an example for obtaining a sense of how the
word roots were discovered, consider the "P" sound at the beginning of Indo-
European words that is preserved in Persian and Greek, but is changed to "F" in
Germanic. Therefore, the Indo-European word "Pa-ter: protector" became
"Pedar: father: jju" in Persian but changed to "Father" in English (through
Germanic). Table II shows more examples of such sound changes.
In addition to established patterns of sound changes among languages,
there are also certain sound shiftings that occur within a language. For example,
the R/L ( j / J ) sound change is noticed all over the world in old and new
languages and is also observed in many Persian words such as surdkh and suldkh
( jMj}~> / £y$~> )• Transposition of letters in a word is another source of sound
change within or among languages such as English bird from older Germanic
brid and Persian "magi : brainy*©" from its older form "ma zg £y> ."
The rules and known patterns of sound changes are used to trace words
back to their origins. It should also be noted that the patterns of many sound and
word changes are not fully understood yet, therefore, there is some uncertainty
about the correct roots of some words.
A-5
TABLE II
Sample of Consonant Sound Changes
in Indo-European Languages
Indo - European
ROOT
English Words through:
Persian through
Avestan and
Old Persian
Germanic
Greek
Latin
BH
Bhue: to be
Bhudh: base
B
be
bottom
PH
physics
F
future
foundation
B
biidan: to be ^ijj
bon: base ^
D
Dwo: two
Dekm: ten
I
two
ten
D
D
dime
D
do: two 3A
dah: ten oi
G
Gel: form into a ball
Gene: to give birth to
K
club
king
G
gene
G
globe
generate
Z/G
goliileh: bullet Ji^ir
zaidan: to bear o-^'j
GH
Ghel: yellow color
G
gold
KH
chlorine
H
Z
zar: gold ^
Y
Yeu 1: young
Yeu 2: to join
J 00
young
yoke
H
J
juvenile
join
Y (J in Persian)
javan: young J\^
yug: yoke ^
L
Leuk: light
L
light
L
L
luster
E
rosan: bright ^>^
P
Pa-ter: protector
Ped: foot
Pet: fat
Pel: to fill
Penkwe: five
F
father
foot
fat
full
five
P
Pope
podium
poly-
pentagon
P
paternal
pedicure
pine
plenty
P
pedar: father joj
pa: foot b
pih: fat <uj
por: full jj
panj: five ^>
s
Sem: one
Septm: seven
s
same
seven
H
Homo-
s
single
September
H
ham: same ^
haft: seven oi&
W
We: to blow
Werg: to work
W
wind
work
V
vent
V (B in Persian)
bad: wind ab
varzes: sport J-jjj
A-6
Bibliography
With the exception of a very few, Persian dictionaries have categorically
neglected to address the etymology of words. Besides a few etymological
dictionaries written expressly for the Persian language, the information on roots
of Persian words is sparsely scattered and buried in dictionaries written for other
Indo-European languages. Extracting this information, however, is difficult and
time consuming as most of these books neither provide an index of Persian
words, nor follow the derivations up to the forms which are used in modern
Persian.
It took more than twelve years to search hundreds of references and
uncover the word relations presented in this dictionary. Many days were spent
searching for "missing links" between the sets of incomplete etymological data
available in different references. The established links identified among words
are documented with the reference names and page numbers. Observed
differences of opinion among references are discussed in appropriate footnotes.
Cited references are abbreviated with three letters followed by a page
number (e.g. BQT:128). If a reference has identical page numbers in different
volumes, the volume number is shown after the abbreviation and before the colon
(e.g. MON5:168, which is interpreted as reference MON, volume 5, page 168).
Table III provides a list of cited references by language and author name. Table
IV lists the reference abbreviations in alphabetical order. The four most
frequently cited references in compiling this dictionary are:
POK Indo-European roots,
BQT (footnotes) Persian derivatives,
AHD English derivatives,
KLN Semitic roots and English derivatives.
More than half of the 11,000 documented references quoted in this dictionary are
cited from these four sources.
A-7
TABLE III
List of References by Language and Author Name
( See Table IV for Reference Abbreviations)
PERSIAN
ENGLISH
FRENCH
Authors
Ref.
AbolghasemT M.
ETM
FFD
TZF
ZFS
Ahmad Soltam M.
VFO
Akhavan Zanjani K.
SOR
ATam A. J.
AKM
A" mid H.
AMD
Aryan, A.
ARM
Asadi TusT
FRS
Badreh-i
VDQ
Bahar M. T.
SBK
DanayT F.
FNI
Daneshgar A.
FAF
Emam ShfishtarT
FVF
FarahvashT B.
IRN
Gharib B.
SOD
(in Persian & English )
Hasan! da"T Al-Eslam
KAS
Jonaydi F.
NFI
ZMA
Khadiv Jam H.
VGH
Khaleqi Motlaq Jalal
AEF
KhaliliK.
MMF
Kowsar B.
SNB
Mehravand K.
VSF
Mo'in M.
MON
MoshM M.
VOP
NafTsi S.
DMO
Nahvi S. M.
FVA
Natel Khanlari P.
MZF
NoushTn A. H.
FSF
OranskT & Keshavarz
MFL
Pur Davud
FIB
Rashed Mohassel
DZA
Rokn Zadeh -
Adamiyyat M.H.
ARK
Sajjadiyyeh M. A.
IRT
VIE
Sayyah A.
SAP
Tabriz! M.H.(Borhan)
BQT
Tavoosi M.
SNS
Authors
Ref.
Baily H.W.
BLY
ZAP
ISS
Berlitz
NAT
Bliss A. J.
FWE
Buck C. D.
SYN
Collins W.
WEB
Claiborne R.
ROW
Davis P.
DVS
Gershevitch I.
AHM
Gupta S. K.
CEL
Funk I. K.
FSD
Henning W. P.
LST
MPP
SLW
SOG
Horn P.
BST
Jackson A.V.W.
AVG
Jeffrey A.
FVQ
Kent R. G
KNT
Kinder H. &
Hilgemann W.
AWH
Klein E.
KLN
Laufer B.
SIN
MacKenzie
PHD
Mann S. E.
IEC
Morris W.
AHD
Nyberg H.S.
NYB
Partridge E.
PRT
PeiM.
PEI
Platts J. T. &
Ranking G.S.A.
GPL
Richardson J.
RCH
Shipley J. T.
SHP
OEW
Skeat W. W.
SKT
Speake J.
OXF
Taylor W.
TYL
Tolman H. C.
TLM
Unvala J. M.
UNV
Widengren G.
MAG
Withworth G. C.
AID
Yule H. &
Burnel A. C.
HJB
Authors
Ref.
Darmester J.
DRM
Devic L. M.
DEV
Duchesne -
Guillemin
EAV
Ernout A.&
Meillet
LAT
Lammens H.
LAM
Pihan A. P.
PHN
ARABIC
Authors
Ref.
Addi Shir
Jawaliqi
Tha'alebi
Unaysi T.
AFM
ARB
KFL
TAD
GERMAN /DUTCH
Authors
Ref.
Asbaghi A.
PLA
Bartholoma
BRT
HID
ZAW
Dozy (Dutch)
DOZ
Dvorak R.
FWK
Frankel S.
AFA
Horn P.
HRN
Hubschmann
HUB
Ibrahim J.
KGW
Lagarde P.
LAG
Liden E
AIN
Lokotsch K.
LKT
Pokorny J.
POK
Siddiqi A.
SDQ
Spiegel F.
SPG
ARP
Vambery H.
TTS
Walde A.
LEW
WLD
Zimmern H
AKD
A-8
TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations
1
AEF
2
AFA
3
AFM
4
AHD
5
AHM
6
AID
7
AIN
8
AKD
9
AKM
AMD
i
ARB
2
ARK
3
ARM
4
ARP
5
AVG
6
AWH
Jalal KhaleqT Motlaq, Asas Eshteqaq Farsi , ^j 1 * JISsAl o" 1 -''
Vol. I (a - kh), Bonyad Farhang Iran, 1977.
Siegmund Fraenkel, Die Aramaischen Fremdworter
im Arabischen , Hildesheim, 1962.
Addi Shir, Al-Alfaz Al-Farsiyya Al-Mu'arraba ,
( A Dictionary of Persian Words in the Arabic Language ),
Library of Lebanon, 1980..
W. Morris, The American Heritage Dictionary ,
New College Edition, 1975, Appendix on Indo-European Roots, pp 1505-1550.
I. Gershevitch, The Avestan Hymn to Mithra ,
Oriental Publications No.4, Cambridge University Press, 1959.
G. C. Withworth, Anglo-Indian Dictionary .
Kegan Paul, Trench & Co, London 1885.
E. Liden, Studien zur Altindischen und Vergleichenden
Sprachgeschichte , Almqvist & Wiksells, Upsala 1897.
H. Zimmem, Akkadische Fremdworter Als Beweis
Fur Babylonischen Kultureinfluss , Leipzig 1917.
Amir J. ATam, Farhang A'alam Ketab Moqaddas
or, A Dictionary of Proper Names in the Bible,
English - Persian, Iran University Press, Tehran 1988.
H. A" mid, Farhang Farsi Amid ,
Two volumes, Amir Kabir Press, Tehran, 1369 (1990).
Jawaliqi, Al-Mu'arrab , Tehran 1966.
M. H. Rokn Zadeh - Adammiyat, Arkan Sokhan ,
Sharq Press, Tehran 1347 (1968).
^W-\A£ h_)UT joMc' OwJbjd
-W*c ^— *>jl^ OwJfcjd
£^~> O^j'
A. Aryan, k s~'j'* lSj^ ^)~>^ ^*j' -ujUa ^la o^lj oiajs
Farhang Vajheh-hay Hamanand, Armani - AvestaT, Pahlavi, FarsT ,
Vol. I (a), Bonyad Nayshabflr, Tehran 1363 (1984).
F. Spiegel, Die Arische Periode und ihre Zustande , Leipzig ,1887.
A. V. W. Jackson, An Avesta Grammer ,
W. Kohl Hammer, Stuttgart 1892.
H. Kinder & W. Hilgemann, Atlas of World History .
2 vol., Anchor Books, 1974.
A-9
TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued ...)
17
BLY
18
BQT
19
BRT
20
BST
21
CEL
22
DEV
23
DMO
24
DOZ
25
DRM
26
DVS
27
DZA
28
EAV
29
ETM
30
FAF
31
FFD
H. W. Baily, "Hvatanica II", (Glossary of some Khotanese words with reference
to Avestan and Persian words), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African
Studies (BSOAS IX:1937-39) pp 69-78, University of London.
M. H. Tabriz! (Borhan), Borhan Qate' , ^l»ls ^i&j>
Etymological footnotes by Dr. M. MoTn, 4 vol,
Amfr Kabrr Press, Tehran 1362 (1983).
C. Bartholomae, Altiranisches Worterbuch Zusammen Mit Den
Nacharbeiten Und Vorarbeiten , Walter de Gruyter Press, 1979.
Paul Horn, "Some Inscriptions on Sassanian Gems", Avesta, Pahlavi and
Ancient Persian Studies, First Series, pp 224-263, Bombay Educational Society's
Press, 1904.
S. K. Gupta , A Comparative Etymologic Lexicon of Common Indo-European
Words , 6 Vol., Sverge Haus Publishers, Milton, Ma, 1997
L. M. Devic, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Mots Francais D'Origin
Orientale, Oriental Press 1876.
S. NafisT, Par Maktab Ostad, ilx-,1
Zohreh Press, Tehran 1344 (1965).
R. Dozy, Verklarende Lisjt der Nederlandsche Woorden,
Die Uit Het Arabisch, Hebreeuwsch, Chaldeeuwsch,
Perzisch en Turksch Afkomstig Zijn , Leiden 1867.
J. Darmester, Etudes Itaniennes , Paris 1883.
P. Davis, Roots - Family History of Familiar Words ,
McGraw-Hill Book Company 1981.
M. T. Rashed Mohassel, Daramadi Bar Dastur ^^jl oki _}f~>* j>. iSJ^>^
Zaban AvestST , Khajeh Press, Tehran 1364 (1985).
J. Duchesne-Guillemin, "Etymologies Avestiques",
Bulletin of the school of Oriental and African Studies
(BSOAS IX: 1937-39) pp 861-869, University of London.
M. Abolghasemr, RTsheh ShenasT - Etimologi ,
Ghoghnoos Press, Tehran 1374 (1995).
A. Daneshgar, Farhang A'alam Farsi ,
Hafez NovTn Press, 1370 (1991).
M. Abolghasemr, Fe'lhay FarsT Pari ,
Ghoghnoos Press, Tehran 1374 (1995).
v ^«>jls pMel <^&Aji
A- 10
TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued...)
32
FIB
33
FNI
34
FRS
35
FSD
36
FSF
37
FVA
38
FVF
39
FVQ
40
FWE
41
FWK
42
GPL
43
HID
44
HJB
45
HRN
46
HUB
47
IEC
Pur Davfld, Farhang Iran Bastan ,
Vol. I, University of Tehran Press 1326 (1947).
F. DanaT, Farhang Namhay Irani ,
Negah Publishers, Tehran 1370 (1991).
AsadT Tflsi, Farhang Fors ,
Kharazmi Press, Tehran 1365 (1986).
^iljjl ^cUj^cLs >^fl>jS
Funk and Wagnalla, New Standard Dictionary of the English Language ,
Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York, 1940.
A. H. Noushin, Farhang Shahnameh Ferdowsi, oULS 03I3 - ^-jiy i*La>Li ^^ay
Vajheh Namak , Donya Press, Tehran 1363 (1984).
S. M. Nahvi, Farhang VSm J-^-i - ^->jl» j* ^o^ ^gb. 03I3 ^(3 ^S^a,^
Vajhehhay Arabi dar Farsi, Dakhil ,
TohT Azadi Press 1368 (1989).
S. M. A. Emam Shflshtari, ^c ^bj ji ^-"j 1 * iS^ °j'3 «-fc»j»
Farhang Vajhehhay Farsi dar zaban Arabi,
Anjoman Asar Melli, No 58, Bahman Press, Tehran, 1347 (1968).
A. Jeffrey, The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur'an , (see VDQ).
Oriental Institute, Baroda, Stephen Austin & Sons Press, Great Britain 1938
A. J. Bliss, A Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases
in Current English , Warner Books, 1966.
R. Dvorak, "Fremdworter im Koran", Doctoral Dissertation,
Akademische Buchdruckerei von F. Straub (1884).
J.T. Platts and G.S.A. Ranking, A Grammar of the Persian Language ,
Oxford University Press (1911).
B. Bartholomae, Handbuch der Altlranischen Dialekte ,
Breitkopf &Hartel, Leipzig 1883.
H. Yule & A. C. Burnel, Hobson Jobson, A Glossary of Colloqual Anglo-
Indian Words , Oriental Publishers, Delhi 1903-1968.
Paul Horn, Grundriss der NeuPersischen Etymology ,
Verlag von Karl J. Trubner, Strassburg 1893-1974.
H. Hubschmann, Persische Studien, Verlag von Karl J. Trubner,
Strassburg 1895.
Stuart E. Mann, An Indo-European Comparative Dictionary ,
Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg 1987
A-ll
TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued...)
48
IRN
49
IRT
50
ISS
51
KAS
52
KFL
53
KGW
54
KLN
55
KNT
56
LAG
57
LAM
58
LAT
59
LEW
60
LKT
61
LST
62
MAG
63
MFL
gsj^jljjf
C. FarahvashT, Iranvij, Tehran University Press, 1368 (1989).
M. A. Sajjadiyyeh, Tabar Moshtarek Iranian oMjj 3 } jljljjl
va Turanian, Bonyad Nayshabflr 1368 (1989).
H. W. Baily, Indo-Scythian Studies (Khotanese Texts - volume VI),
Cambridge University Press, 1967.
M. A. Hasani Da'i Al-Eslam, ojj£-^-< oki jy^j*
Khod Amoz Zaban Sanskrit , Danesh Press, Tehran 1361 (1982).
Tha'alebT, Ketab Feqh al-Logheh, Beirut, 1885.
Jamshid Ibrahim, Kulturgeschichtliche Wortforschung.
(Persisches Lehngut in Europaischen Sprachen , Wiesbaden 1991.
D. Klein, A comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the
English Language , Two volumes, Elsevier Publishing Co., 1966.
R. G. Kent, Old Persian - Grammer, Text, Lexicon ,
American Oriental Society, 1953.
P. Lagarde, Persische Studien , Dieterichsce Verlag, Gottingen 1884.
Henri Lammens, Remarques sur les Mots Francais Derives
de l'Arabe , Imprimerie Catholique, Beyrouth 1890.
A. Ernout & A. Meillet, Dictionnaire Etymologique de
la Langue Latine , Paris, 1951.
A. Walde, Latinisches Etymologisches Worterbuch ,
(With Avestan and Persian Indices), Heidelberg 1938.
K. Lokotsch, Etymologisches Worterbuch der Europaischen
Worter Orientalischen Ursprunges , Heidelberg 1927.
W. B. Henning, Bibliography of Important Studies on
Old Iranian Subjects , Ketab Khaneh Danesh, Tehran 1950.
G. Widengren, Mohammad, The Apostle of God ,
Chapter VIII, "Iranian Elements in the Kuranic Vocabulary",
Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift, Uppsala, 1955
A. M. Oranski, Moqaddameh Feqh Al-Logheh Irani , ^'jj' '**>S^ & Z»Mb
Translated into Persian by K. Keshavarz, Payam press, Tehran 1358 (1979).
A- 12
TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued ...)
64
MMF
65
MON
66
MPP
67
MZF
68
NAT
69
NFI
70
NYB
71
OEW
72
OXF
73
PEI
74
PHD
75
PHN
76
PLA
77
POK
78
PRT
79
RCH
K. Khalili, Dictionary of Derivatives of the Persian ^wjls jiLa* ol£ii* >_£^&ji
Infinitives or Farhang Moshtaqqat Masader FarsT ,
Institute of Cultural Studies and Research, Tehran, 1993.
M. Mo" in, Farhang FarsT MoT'n,
Six volumes, Amir Kabir press 1363 (1984).
O^*® <&*J* t-Xi&jd
W. Henning, "A List of Middle - Persian and Parthian Words",
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
(BSOAS IXT937-39) pp 79-92, University of London.
P. Natel Khanlan, Mabahes Adabi va ^j 1 * okj »j L i) i lAr* 3 <s>^ ^- a-L !*
Honari darbareh Zaban Farsi , Sokhan press, Tehran 1340 (1961).
C. Berlitz, Native Tongues, Grosset & Dunlapp Publishers, New York, 1982
F. Jonaydi, Nameh Farhang Iran , ^Ijjl ^»js i*b
Bonyad Nayshabfir, Tehran 1368 (1989). Section 4, translated
from C.H. Rempis' "Persische Worter im Deutschen," in Mitteilungen, Institut
fur Auslands-Beziehungen, Iran-Nummer, 3/4, Stuttgart, 1960, S.229-233.
H. S. Nyberg, A Manual of Pahlavi, Wiesbaden 1974.
J. T. Shipley, The Origins of English Words,
The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1984.
Jennifer Speake, Oxford Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases ,
Oxford University Press, New York 1997
M. Pei, The Families of Words , Harper & Brothers press, New York 1962.
D. N. MacKenzie, A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary .
Oxford University press, London 1971.
A. P. Pihan, Dictionnaire Etymologique des Motes de la Langue Francaise
Derives de L'Arabe, du Persan ou du Turc , Paris 1866.
Asya Asbaghi, Persische Lehnworter im Arabischen .
Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1988
J. Pokorny, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Worterbuck ,
Two volumes, Francke verlag, Bern 1959.
E. Partridge, Origins - A short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English ,
MacMillan Co., NewYork 1958.
J. Richardson, Dictionary, Persian, Arabic and English with Dissertation on
the Languages, Literature and Manners of Eastern Nations ,
Sange-e-Meel Publications, Lahore 1829-1984.
A-13
TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued...)
80
ROE
81
SAP
82
SBK
83
SDQ
84
SHP
85
SIN
86
SKT
87
SLW
88
SNB
89
SNS
90
SOD
91
SOG
92
SOR
93
SPG
94
SYN
95
TAD
R. Caliborne, The Roots of English, A Reader's Hanbook
of Word Origins , Anchor Books, New York, 1989.
A. Sayyah, Farhang Sayyah, Arabic - Persian Dictionary , ^}~> «^a> J s
Three volumes, Translation of the Arabic "Al-Monjed" Dictionary,
Eslam Publications, Tehran 1368 (1989).
M. T. Bahar, Sabk ShenasT - Tarikh Tatawor Nasr Farsi , ^Ls ._£_>
Vol I, Tehran 1321 (1942).
A. Siddiqi, Studien uber die Persischen Fremdworter im
Klassischen Arabisch , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gottingen 1919.
J. T. Shipley, Dictionary of Word Origins ,
Philosophical Library press, New York 1945.
G. Laufer, Sino-Iranica, Chinese Contributions to the History of
Civilization in Ancient Iran , Field museum of natural History, publication 201,
Anthropological Series, Vol XV, No. 3, Chicago 1919.
W. W. Skeat, A Concise Etymological Dictionary of
the English Language , Clarenden press, Oxford 1882-1967.
W. B. Henning, "Sogdian Loan-words in New Persian",
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
(BSOAS XT939-42) pp 93-106, University of London
H. Kowsar, Sang Nebeshteh-ha Sokhan Miguyand , *ujj£~«> <jx* Ia •do .-&->
Military Public Relations, Iranian Military Press, Tehran (1960's).
M. Tavoosi, A Glossary of Shayast Ne Shayast ,
Shiraz University publications, 1986.
B. Ghanb, Sogdian - Persian - English
Dictionary , Farhangan Press, Tehran, 1374 (1995).
jLw ^uu oV
ijij
^ i m I ^ I - ^wjli - <^*Ajw o^jbji
W. B. Henning, Sogdica , The Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1940.
K. Akhavan Zanjani, Pajhuhesh Vajheh-hay ^-jls okj j^ ^kr" i^ 1 * °3'3 J^Jji
Soryani dar Zaban Farsi , Bahman Press, Tehran 1369 (1990).
Fr. Spiegel, Keilinschriften im Grundtexte mit Uebersetzung, Grammatik
und Glossar , (cuneiform glossary of the Old Persian and Avestan ), Leipzig 1862.
C. D. Buck, A Dictionary of the Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-
European Languages , University of Chicago press, 1949-1988.
T. Unaysi , Tafsir al-Alfaz al-Dakhileh fe al-Loghat al-Arabiyeh ,
Dar al-Arab, Cairo, 1964.
A- 14
TABLE IV - Reference Abbreviations (continued...)
96
TLM
97
TTS
98
TYL
99
TZF
00
UNV
01
VDQ
02
VFO
03
VGH
04
VIE
05
VOP
06
VSF
07
WEB
08
WLD
09
ZAP
10
ZAW
11
ZFS
12
ZMA
F. C. Tolman, Ancient Persian Lexicon ,
The Vanderbilt Oriental Series, American Book co. 1890-1908.
G. Vambery, Etymologisches Worterbuch der
Turko-Tatarischen Sprachen , Biblio Verlag, Osnabriick, 1972.
W. Taylor, Arabic Words in English , Clarenton Press, London 1933.
M. Abolghasemi, Tarikh Mokhtasar Zaban FarsT , ^-d 1 * oki j^""« ejJjIj
Bonyad Andisheh EslamT Press, Tehran, 1373 (1994).
J. M. Unvala, King Husrav and His Boy - Pahlavi Text and Glossary ,
Paul Geuthner publishers, Paris 1963.
F. Badreh-t, Vajheh-hay Dakhil dar jl*=w oTj s j i J-'' 2 i^l&ejfj
Qoran-e Majid , Translation of A. Jeffrey's book with
Comments (see FVQ). Toos Publishers, Tehran 1372 (1993).
M. Ahmad Soltam, Vajhgan FarsT dar Zabanhay ^jjl ^k-Sbj _ji ^j 1 * oT;'?
OrupaT , Avay Niir Press, Tehran, 1372 (1993).
H. Khadiv Jam, Vajheh Nameh Ghazalhay Hafez,
Elmi Press, Tehran, 1371 (1992).
£i9b» ^L^Jjc ^Ub OjT^
M. A. Sajjadiyyeh, Vajheh-hay Irani dar ^....JLCil ^bj ji ^IjjI ^la 03I3
Zaban EngelTsT , Bonyad Nayshabur, Tehran 1364 (1985).
M. MoshM, Farhang Vajheh-hay Orupayl ^-"j 1 * j* ^kiJ lS 1 * °3'3 >-^»j»
dar FarsT, Alborz Press, Tehran 1371 (1992).
K. Mehravand, Vajheh Sazi dar Zaban FarsT ,
Rasti press, Tehran 1349 (1970).
v^-jl* ok) j 4 lSJ 1- °3'3
W. Collins, Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary
of the English Language , second edition 1978.
A. Walde, Vergleichendes Worterbuch der Indogermanischen Sprachen,
two volumes, Walter de Gruyter & co., Leipzig 1930-1973.
H. W. Bailey, Zoroastrian Problems in the Ninth-Century Books ,
Clarendon press, Oxford 1943-1971.
C. Bartholomae, Zum Altlranischen Worterbuch Nacharbeiten and
Vorarbeiten , Vorlag von Karl J. Trubner, Strassburg 1906.
M. Abolghasemi, Zaban FarsT va Sargozasht An ,
HTrmand Press, Tehran, 1375 (1996).
F. Jonaydi, ZendegT va Mohajerat Aryaian,
Bonyad Nayshabur, Tehran, 1374 (1995).
A-15
Guide to Using the Dictionary
One of the most unique features of this dictionary is its graphical
presentation of etymological data. The derivations of words are indicated with
arrows rather than lengthy text. The arrows greatly simplify the process of
tracing words to their roots.
The words examined in the etymological charts are shown in 'word
boxes'. Each word box is divided into two parts. The language and one or more
references (See Table IV) are shown in the top part. The bottom part of a word
box contains one or more cognate words, in the specified language. Persian
words are written with the Persian alphabet, but their pronunciation is shown with
a modified English alphabet. Wherever necessary, the usage of Persian words is
clarified in the context of a poem. If a word has more than one root, the symbol
of a pointing hand t 1 ^] refers the reader to the other root(s). Additional notes at
the bottom of word boxes are provided as needed.
All Charts begin with a shadowed root box
located at the upper left corner of each chart. The
flow of word derivations moves from top-to-bottom
and from left-to-right as shown by the arrows.
Table V illustrates a typical etymological chart that contains the most
common derivatives from the Indo-European root 'Ka' or Qa , meaning to wish
or desire. Derivatives of these words in Avestan, Old Persian, Pahlavi, Persian,
Germanic, Latin and English languages have been extracted from different
references as cited (See Table IV, Reference Abbreviations).
In order to locate a word in this dictionary, such as Persian 'kam fir',
Avestan 'ka', Latin 'cams' or English 'caress', the reader needs to refer first to
the word index for each language at the end of this book. The word index refers
the reader to both the page number of the chart, where the word is analyzed, and
the root(s) of the word. Thus, once a word is found in any index, the reader can
locate it in the dictionary by using the page number or the root of the word (charts
are organized in alphabetical order of their root words).
There are two indexes for Persian words. One is written and sorted in the
Persian alphabet, while the other is a sorted list of their pronunciations in the
modified English alphabet. The index of Persian alphabet words is provided at
the end of the index section.
A- 16
TABLE V
Guide for Interpreting Etymological Charts
Example of a Chart
Indo-European 03 POK:515
Ka, Qa : to wish, desire
\
Avestan / Old Persian
C3 POK:515
ka2, kam2,
kama : desire
Pahlavi
El BQT:1578; SNS:209
kam : desire
Persian tfl BQT:1578
kam : desire \\f
Asadi
Avestan / Old Persian HI POK:515, KNT:173
?
canah, cinah, Cinman : desire
aspa - canah : horse lover *" Ekwos
English
horaz : one who desires
whore
English CQ AHD
Latin £Q POK:515
caress, charity, cherish
carus : desire
J
Parts of a Chart
Contents of a typical Word Box
Word Box Borders
Language LB Reference (s): page numbers
Word: meaning, "** other roots, Persian words k- «yi
Word: meaning, '*° other roots, Persian words ^->ils
One line of poem showing usage of Persian words
Notes on other possible derivations or special discussion
Root Box
Persian Word Box
Other Word Boxes
Arrow lines between boxes
showing direction of word
derivation
Dotted lines inside boxes
separate words into groups
Book symbol preceding references(s) CO
Hand symbol pointing to other roots ""
A-17
Pronunciation Keys
The pronunciation of words in different languages is facilitated by a set
of pronunciation keys shown in Table VI. These keys are very similar to
transliteration characters. A complete transliteration character set, to suffice all
the languages in this dictionary, would be much larger and more difficult to use
than what is presented in Table VI.
In Persian, there are several groups of letters that have a similar sound.
For example, there are four Persian letters with a 'z' sound ( a>, J?, j and i); and
three letters with an 's' sound ( £> , ^j> and i _ yi ). Since pronunciation, rather than
transliteration, has been the purpose of using these characters, only one symbol,
such as 'z' or 's', has been used for each group of letters with the same sound.
Besides a basic set of symbols, which is used to help the readers in
pronunciation of words, a few other character combinations like 'ch' for c, 'kh'
for x, 'sh' for s, etc. are used to 'write' words in English. For example, the
Iranian city of Khorram Shahr (j^Lay>) is pronounced "xorram-sahr," but is
written as "Khorram Shahr" in an English text.
A- 18
TABLE VI
Pronunciation Keys for Persian and other Languages
Symbol Persian
Persian
Example
English Example
Alphabet
a T
ab
^
far
a f
asb
ywl
man
y
ma'xaz
Jt>L
glottal stop
b v
bar
a
boy
P V
par
ji
pet
t i»o
talatom
^VJ
toy
s o* o* *-*
salam
joMaJ
son
J c
jabr
j^r
joy
C [ch] E
Cah
oL>
church
h & c
hadi
tjs\&
hot
x [kh] t
xar
j«*
Scottish loch
d a
dast
\ _ -ii'i^
day
Z .£ J»j i
zan
Oj
zebra
r j
rah
o!j
ray
Z [jh , zh] 3
zarf
J i>
vision
S [sh ] ji
Sab
i _ -ii*
shop
<f
SaMi
(^wfctw
strong guttural sound
9 [gh] £
gaz
jl*
gargling sound
f j
m
Jj
fun
q [gh] j
qu
s*
emphatic k
k o-
ketab
vts"
cake
g **
gol
Jf
goat
1 J
lab
V*
lip
m js
man
cy>
man
n o
nan
oii
noon
V 3
vahed
wto-t3
voice
y is
yar
jM
yard
u (long) ? f
piil
J*
boot
o (short) \
ostad
ilXwt
old
6, ow (long) 3 t
owraq
Jla'
toe
l (long) ^f
iman
oM
machine
e (long) j>
Jebra e 1
J^j-r
bee
1) The keys in brackets [ ] are used for spelling words in English text
2) Sogdian (a) sound is shown with Q
A- 19
A-20
ETYMOLOGICAL
ROO
words
A-21
Ab 1 Ab 1
A
A
^
Indo-European 03 pok:1
Ab 1 , Ap 1 : water
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Pahlavi 03 kln:2
ap : water
W I Pahlavi 03 bqt:1
,49; IRN:119; AEF:10
ap-tab : a (hot) glittering object, sun ** Tap
Za-ap : spring, river'^' Ud 1 , 6us 2
O-pat-an : place of protected water ways
: (modern city of Abadan in Iran) ^^ Pa
aV-XUf : animal shelter for drinking
and eating ^^ Swel
h
Persian
03 AHD; BQT:1225; IRN:108; MON:1763
ab : water ' j_j |
Zahab : spring, river ( u*>l j ) u*>U& \
>*>% , o'->t>" < cAi"
3- 1 i J^< t U#>W«I i )W*J'
^
English 03 ahd
julep®"wrdho
W
Persian 03 pla:22
abnik : good (distilled) water^ NeM
lX*J*ji
w
Arabic 03 WEB:44; PLA:27
al-anbiq, al-ambiq : distilling apparatus
Some references derive this from Greek "ambix: distill cup".
h
Persian ffl mon:362
'
anbiq:sw/ i^\
w
Spanish 03 kln:47
alambique
French 03 kln:47
alambic : stm
Could be through Latin "alambicum".
English
03 KLN:47
alembic : stm
W
Pahlavi ffl FVQ:46; ISS:3
ap-rex : a water container for pouring f^~ Leigh 2
na-ap : no water, undiluted (wine), pure^Ne 1
h
Persian ffl ISS:3
abrizium U yjl
nab : pure i^j\ji
► I Arabic
Persian 03 FVQ:46
ebriq : a water container
&J&
J &■/• J*^**) ti | - J y - ') iS^y si » 3^ »' /
w
^
Sanskrit 03 ahd
punj-ab : a region in India crossed by five rivers^^ Penkwe
English
Punjab
Ab 1 Ab 1
Indo-European 03 pok:1
Ab 1 , Ap 1 : water
PART 2
~x
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
Avestan / Pahlayfr-
03 KLN:2
ap : water
Persian 03 hrn:1; aef:2
ab : glitter (as on water surface) ' ^ I
aberU : "facial shine", good reputation q j I
aftab : "glitter shine", sun uki I
Fsrdowst j_» I j ( vo I J ^9 l) £~i£ ^l^J- _ i_JU9 1 Ja^- t jJ <0 Jj> I j£
W
^
Arabic 03 AFM:7; FVF:11
ab-baha : "glittering shine", elegance
abboha : magnificence, elegance
Persian 03 mon:131
Obbohat : elegance C*fcjl
Ab 2 I Ab 2
W
Semitic 03 FVQ:44; KLN:e
~x
Ab2:
Arabic 03 FVQ:44; FVA:25; LKT:44
ab, abu, a.b.v -.father
Persian 03 fva:25; mon
abu : father
< (ijjl ) jjl
V*
Arabic
03 FVQ:44; FVA:25; LKT:44; AHD:152
abCi-zTna : "father of whoredom"
referring to gibbons^^ Z.n.y
ablJ-araq : "father of sweat",
a spicy plant used in medicine
^A.r.q
Persian UJ MON:602; FVA:180
buzTneh : gibbon ( ij) ^> ) <Uoj j>
Molavt J^iS l)\ j\ j> jjl "CjjjJ Ji j!
w
Hindustani 03 prt:253
bojina
U
French 03 kln:655
This monkey was taken
to France from India
in the 18th century.
English
03 KLN:655
gibbon
V*
Middle Latin
03 AHD:152
borraco
Old French 03ahd:152
borrace, bourrache
English 03ahd:152
borage : a spicy salad seasoning
W
Hebrew 03 kln:6
abh : father
English 03 kln*
Abot
W
Hebrew 03 FVQ:44; KLN:6
Abh-raham : father of the multitude (Abraham)
Abh-ram : high father (Abram)
Abh-ner : my father is light (Abner) ** N.w.r
Ab-Salom : father is peace (Absalom)^ S.l.m
Abh-igayil : father is rejoicing (Abigail)
Yo-abh : the Lord is his father (Joab)
Arabic 03 FVQ:44
Abrahim: Abraham
w
Persian
EbrahTm />*&>/)
Molavf
U <0 £p y IJ3 \j /J eUj y
^
English 03 kln; ahd
Abraham, Abram, Abner, Absalom, Abigail, Jaob
Aba Abu
Sanskrit / Old Persian 03 bqt:218; drm:129; lkt
~X
Aba, Sabha
to assemble together
M-Old Persian 03 bqt:
218; DRM:129; LKT
aba-Cari : p/ace of assembly ^Kwsl
I,
(•Pahlavi 03 bqt:212
Va-Car : trade center
See AEF:219for
further discussion.
^
Persian 03 mon; kln
bazar : bazaar j\\[>
Persian 03 BQT:219; HRN:38
bazargan -.merchant ^ISjjl)
Wl
Turkish
Italian
English 03 ahd
bazaar
^
Semitic 03 kln:712
A\b.r :
to pass, cross
Arabic ffl kln:712
a .DJ : to pass, cross
abara : he passes across
Arabic ffl sbk:69
w
^
Hebrew ffl kln:712
abhar : he passed across
ibhri : he who came from
across the river, the
Hebrew people who had
crossed the river were
referred to as "Ibhri".
3 . f. b : distorted form
of "a \b.r" meaning to
cross (dwell in) deserts
Arabic ffl SBK:69; KLN:98
a' fab : desert dweller, Arab
V,
Greek 03 kln:98
Wl
French
Aramaic
03 KLN:712
Ibhray
Arabic
Persian UJ fva:260
obur:
passing, crossing jyx
7i"
J-P" ' ji*
Persian 03 fva:265
Arab
U#> X
Vjjw < _>lj*l < ylj*i
English 03 kln:98
Arab
Persian 03 mon
ebri : Hebrew
ebranT : Hebrew
J 1 J*
Greek
Ebraios
Latin
Hebraeus
English 03 kln:712
Hebrew
Abu
see root.
Yb
Hebrew 03 KLN:21; AHD:14
Adhamah
earth, red soil
W
Hebrew 03 kln:21
Adam, Adam : made from red soil (earth), r
W
Arabic
03 VDQ:106; FVQ:51
Adam
^ I Latin
Adhamah | Ag
^
English ffl KLN:21; AHD:14
Adam
Adams : a common family name.
Name of a gum manufacturer.
^\
Persian UJ M0N5:12
Adam
c*^ ' V J3 ^-^"^ -^,^tJ y^ <f»^-
Persian
adams : chewing £
0~» K
W
Indo-European 03 pok:4
Ag : to drive
Ag TOS : pasture (where cattle is driven)
Avestan 03 KLN:37; POK:4; PLA:194
aZ : to drive
azaiti : drives
tara-az, tara-aZU : balance driver,
scale Tel
Persian UJ BQT:480; PLA:194
taraZ : level, balanced, well shaped
taraZU : balance, scale
<6 1
L«j OJU 4X) b IjJ
£ ^T il il
,^
^
Avestan 03 POK:4; KLN:37
a\ras : pasture
astra 1 : whip
asay a : of both wings?
Pahlavi 03 SNS:35
astr, astar : whip
Persian 03 SNS:35
astar : whip (obsolete)
j~»\
This word was not found in MON or BQT
Greek 03ahd
agein : to drive
StratOS-agein : leading the army, strategy ^Stsr 1
French
03 AHD:1273
strateqie
Persian UJ mon:246
esteratezT
(J^iljlJ
English
strategy
V*
English
agony, agriculture
W
Latin 03ahd
agere : to drive
agens : acting agent
ag-sla : wing
ambractUS : envoy
French
agence, agent
h
Persian B3vop:10
'
azans : agency ^j>\\ \
azan : agent, policeman A|\ I
^
^
English
act, acre, exact, -gate, navigate
agent, agency
axle, axis, ambassador, embassy
Agaru | Agaruh
,W |Syriac 03 >
Akkadian 03 kln
~X
Agaru : to hire
Arabic
03 AKD:47; FVQ:49
a jara : he hired
h
Persian ffl mon
'
ejareh:renf ojk»|
Ojrat : wage £j p-\
ajf: reward j?\
Hafez JJjiO ^IJ rw (j\ y CU^j^a* y>l
w
Greek 03 KLN:74; AHD:453
angeloS : hired messenger
eU-angel0S : messenger of
good news
evangelion : good news
Persian 03 MON5:190
Angelyun : good news, Bible
^
v»
Arabic 03 tad:5
enjll : good news, Bible
Persian UJ mon:369
enjll : Bible (Ufil
^
English 03 ahd
angel, Los Angeles, Evangelical
Sanskrit 03 kln:55
~X
Agaruh:
W
Arabic ffl kln:55
al-OUd : the wood,
also a stringed
musical instrument
^
Persian ffl bqt:1385
UCl : any fragrant wood, also a musical instrument (lute)
if
Rahf Mo'ayyerf
French 03 PHN:240; KLN:605,914
luth : lute
flute : this is influenced by "lute" but is probably from another root
Persian 03 mon:2573
folut
y^li
^
English 03 ahd:776
lute, flute
v*
^
Hebrew 03 prt:13
aloth : aloe
Greek
Latin
English 03 AHD:36; PHN:36
aloe
Agh | Agurru
WAvestan 03 pok:8
Indo-European 03 pok:7,8
~X
AC( n : to be depressed, to be afraid
AC( il I O : disagreeable, adverse
ago, aga: bad, ugly
I,
i-Pahlavi ffl sns:38
ag, ak : trouble, ugliness
Persian 03 SNS:38; BQT:52
ak, ak : trouble, deficiency
Suzant J> 1 Xjrfj yj \y JbX^o
L
Persian 03 SNS:38; BQT:90
ax, ax : a word of rejection, disgust and grief m \ , m \
Loghatnameh 4j 4j <0 , al (Jl> 4Lj i jl J5 jl <0 jw _ » » <0 <i»l (jl> <l> Jjlij jl <0 L5ji>)
Old English 03 ahd
eglan : to trouble
Old Norse 03 ahd
agi : frightened
English 03 ahd
ail, ailment
English 03 ahd
awe, awesome
Aghlo
Agros
A-gur-ru
see root: Agh
see root: Ag
see root: Agurru
Akkadian 03 akd:31; knt:165
Agurru, A-gur-ru : baked day, brick
W
Old Persian 03 knt:165; pla:6
aguru : brick
I,
(-Pahlavi 03 pla:6
agur
^
Persian 03 PLA:6; AFA:5; MON:78
agur : brick ( ijJj^J , J jf\ ) jf~\
I,
(f-Arabic
03 AFA:5; PLA:6; AKD:31; AFM:7
ajur: brick
This word could have entered Arabic
directly from Akkadian / Aramaic (AFA:5)
Persian 03 mon:78
ajor : brick
7?'
Ahu Ai
Avestan 03 bqt:72
~X
AhU:
w
w
Pahlavi 03 bqt:72
ahiik 2 : fault
Persian 03 brt:345
ahu 2 -.defect ^M
VTs-o-Ramtn ^o U jAit> ij\i JuiJ jil - g& jLo jit>l J «*^j
FAF:38 claims this word is from AV "a-hu: not good".
Avestan
03 BQT:72; FAF:36; KNT:167
ahita : dirty, faulty
an-ahita : not dirty, clean,
innocent, spotless He 1
^
Persian ffl faf:36
Anahlta : "innocent, clean", a female name wJ&Ul
Nahld : "innocent, clean", a female name, a bright star XJ&U
■Uj_3l jyJ> 3 -U-&U oJJwl>jJi - Xi3) j^'j 3 J^V* 5 y ij**j>
0> J 1
Indo-European 03 pok:10
A I : to give
~~\
Avestan 03 pok:10
aeta : share
Greek 03ahd
dia-ithan : to decide on one's life
English
diet
Aidh | Aig-
W
^
Indo-European 03 prt; kln; ahd
Aidh, ES 1 -.toburn
^\
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:11
aesmo : heat
heZUm : fire wood
h
Persian 03 BQT:2407; HRN:249
'
hTzom : firewood
hTmeh : firewood
Molavt JAIS <Uvot>y l5jt> ^ J) JJ
Avestan
03 POK:11; HRN:108; SYN:604
istya : dried clay, brick
Pahlavi
03 SNS:36
Xist : clay brick
Persian UJ BQT:750; SYN:604
Xest 1 : clay brick \ c.
Hafez e^v&>3 «*> y \iw pfyS XSjS ,s-Xn
Old Persian 03 knt:175
isti : sun dried brick
Greek 03 ahd
aither : (hot) i
Arabic 03 tad:1
as I r : ether filling beyond
the atmosphere
Persian 03 mon:143
7*>'
W
Latin 03 ahd
aether, aither : ether
beyond earth atmosphere
French 03 mon:134
ether
h
Persian 03 mon:134
eter : ether J>\
V
L
Germanic 03 ahd
ail : fire
English
anneal
^
Latin
asetUS : burning heat
English
estuary
Aien
Aier
see root: Ayer
see root: Ayer
Indo-European 03 pok:6
~X
AlC|~: goat, of a goat
W
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:6; KLN:30
IZa : goat
izaenem : pertaining to (goat) skin
Pahlavi 03 pok:6
azak : goat
Persian 03 pok:6
azg : goat V Jj|
This word is apparently obsolete
Greek 03 POK:6; KLN:30
aigiS: goat skin
English 03 kln:30
aegO-:ofagoa(
Aik Aios
Indo-European 03 pok:298; kln:1106
AIK, 1 1 K : to possess, own
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:298; KLN:1106; SYN:771,772
IS, Tse, ISti, aesa 1 : wealth, power
IS Van, is Van : wealthy
Germanic 03 ahd
aigan : to possess
English
own, owe, ought
W
Indo-European 03 pok:15; kln:1093
~X
AiOS, AyOS:mete/
KLN:1093 claims that this word may have been driven from
"Ayashya", ancient name of Cyprus, meaning Cyprus metal.
Avestan 03 POK:15; KI_N:1093
ayo, ayah, ayanh : metal, bronze
W
Pahlavi 03 BQT:70; HRN:14
asm, ahen:me(a/, /
Persian 03 BQT:70; SYN:612
Ahan : iron, anything hard > J& I
Sa'eb f ^«Sjj5 lj l f»i3<U Ij 4l»J Jii ^j>
W
Latin ffl ahd:443
aes : bronze, money
aera : counters for counting, also an era of time
^ | Germanic P3ahd:925 ~\ *-
\
English
era
English
ore
10
Aiw Aiw
^
Indo-European 03 pok:17
AlW : vitality, eternity
Compare with root "Yeu 2: young
Avestan 03 pok:17
ayu, ay -.life, age
yave : forever
W
Pahlavi
03 BQT:564; HRN:93
yave-tan : ever lasting
Avestan
03 KLN:31; BQT:264
perana-ayu : ui of
life *" Pal 1
Pahlavi 03 bqt:264
a-pum-ay -. not full of
life, young Ne 1
v*
Avestan 03 BQT:718; BRT:1862
XVatO-ayaO : alive by itself,
God ®"Seu 1
Hub:54 derives this from
Indo-European root "Ghu"
W
Pahlavi
xvatay : God
^
Germanic 03 ahd
~X
Persian
javid : eternal ( ^|jj j\f ) Jj j\f
Hafez Cwjljl »J j^ Jj_^U> (^jUlwj 45
h
Persian 03 bqt:264
'
boma : young adult \j J
iyi UO <0 ji> iyi Uly
Ferdowst ijj UjJ j-O Ji jiJO)
^ | Latin 03 ahd \ >-
^
Persian UJ HRN:108; BQT:779; FSF:159
Xoda : God
Xadl V : governor, ruler
Xajeh : master
Ferdowst «jjj>- j (V^fj' »£■>» J £■>« 4*3
i^\ J.-
English
ever, every, never
English
age, eternity
11
w
w
Ak I Ak
Indo-European ffl pok:18; knt:173
AK, AC|, AK©n : sharp, also a sharp stone
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:19; kln:18; knt
as 1 , asan : stone
as-man, as-mana : ma stone, sky ®" Man 1
I,
(•Pahlavi 03 BQT:39,42,43
as : mill, mill stone
as-ap : water rr»7/®" Ab 1
Vat-aS : wind m/// t **WS 1
as-man: sky®" Msn1
Persian 03 bqt
as : mill
J
asiyab: water mill
Wtfl * u->w^l
badas : wind mill
l^bl}
asman : sky
^)U^«I
C^J\
2> y (JJL. a_wI ^Ub. wl
Onsorf jjj I A
lP./
OJjbl<p* ^> /J-J
Avestan / Old Persian
03 SYN:52; BRT:208; KNT:166; FFD:60; SPG:202
athagaina, athangaina : stone
athanga, asenga, asan : stone
Sang, SaX: to weigh
I,
(•Pahlavi 03 BQT:1175; SNS:193
Sang : stone
Sang-gil:hardc/ay
Saxt : weigh
Persian 03bqt:1175
FFD:60; FSF:224
Sang : stone
i_>Jwj
SanjTdan : to weigh
( ^.^Jwtf ) ^XCjJwtf
SanjeS : weighing
, i-wJ'wMW
Saxtan : to weigh
\ il»L*»C*w ) ,'j»C*w
>f jt)
jji i^-^b- jl ^dS <W&
Ferdowsf ^ $ ')
£i •Ssk^Pj^ qQ> <0
w
Arabic 03 PLA:155; FVQ:164
Sip: baked clay
^
Greek 03ahd
akrOS : top most
akrobates : one who walks
on tiptoe ^^ Gwa
OXUS : sharp, sour
French 03ahd:12
acrobate
OXygene : acid former
Persian UJ mon:75,331
akrobat
oksizen
English 03 ahd
acrobat, oxygen
V
Latin 03 ahd
acere : to be sharp
Vinum-acer : sharp (soar) wine,
vinegar Woin
acus, acetum
French
acide : sour (sharp)
substance, acid
Vinaigre : vinegar
Persian 03 mon:260,276
asid
aseton
Cr-? 1
^
English
acid, acute, vinegar
V*
Persian UJ hjb:3 ?
acar : pickles
A T
Hindustani 03 0XF:3
achar : pickle.
English 03 0XF:3
achar
V*
^
Germanic 03 ahd
ak-j6 : sharp side
ha-maraz : sharp toot
English
edge
hammer
12
Ak Akos
Indo-European 03 pok:18; knt:173
AK, AC|, AK©n : sharp, also a sharp stone
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
Indo-European 03 pok:541 ,542
Ke 1 , Kej 3, KO 1 , Koi : sharp, to sharpen
W
Avestan 03 POK:542; SNS:18; IEC:11
saeni, saenis, cana : pointed, sharp
or rough objects used for grinding
asanam : whetstone
abi-Cana, abhi-Cana : grinding stone
Compare with root "Sek"
Old Persian 03ieC:11
asa, asam : whetstone
Germanic 03 ahd
hainO : grinding stone
^
Greek 03 ahd
KOnOS : sharp pointed, cone
Persian
03 POK:542; BQT:1077,1488; SNS:18; MMF:325
SayTdan : to grind, rub AXoLu
fesanTdan : to grind, rub (^J-jLil ) ^)XAJ
fsan : grinding stone ( ^Lil ) ^Li
Mas'ud Sa'd Salman
English
03
AHD
hone
English
03
AHD
cone
Aken
see root.
Ak
W
Indo-European 03 IEC:9
AKOS, AKOS : suffix indicating small size
Pahlavi 03 mon:2775
-ak
w
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:9
-akah : small
Persian 03 IEC:9; MON:2775
-ak : a suffix indicating small size ( O \*J0 < l$*P ya ) O _
Naserkhosrow y j SijA ^j£ p jj ,«i> JJjJ Jw
See "Kak" for another possible root of suffix "-ak"
Akos
see root: Akos
13
Akru Akwa
Indo-European 03 pok:23, 179
~X
AkrU, DakrU: tear, tear drop
W
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:23; KLN:1578
asm, asraka:
Pahlavi
h
Persian 03 bqt:103; hrn:17
'
ars : tear j»,|
ask : tear Sj>\
Germanic 03 ahd
tahr:
English
tear 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:23
AkWa : water
A
Latin 03 ahd
aqua : water
W
Avestan 03vfO:15
arva, arva : eagle
VFO claims these are cognates of
English "eagle" and French "aigle"
but does not provide any derivation.
Pahlavi 03 BQT:58; MPP:79
alCih : eagle
V
Persian 03 MON:85; BQT:58; VFO:15
aleh : eagle ( jT ( o^JT , ilT , <J ) <JT
Farqadf cUwl <U |J}U <lLp* 3 oi <lL>
W
<^
v»
Latin 03 KLN:97,494; WEB:569; FSD:779
aqualillS : water (dark) colored bird, eagle
French
03 KLN:494
aigle : eagle
English 03 kln:494
eagle
French 03 kln:495
aquarium
eau : water
eau de Cologne : water (perfume)
of Cologne
Persian UJvop:14,39
akvariCim : aquarium fHj'?^'
Ofjokolon : eau de Cologne ( •JS'il ) 'JS'ol
English 03 ahd
aquarium, aqua, aquatic
Germanic 03 ahd
ahwjo, aUJO : (thing on) water, island
English 03 ahd
island
14
Al 1 I Al 1
M -Indo-European 03 pok:24,67
AryO, Ar'lO: Lord, mler
Indo-European 03 pok:24
~X
Al 1 , Ol 1 : beyond, i
W
Old Persian / Avestan
03 AHD; POK; IRN:7,28
aria : noble
aran : land of Aryans
(Indo-Europeans)
art-aran : holy Aryan /and^Ar
airyanam-VaeZO : Aryan race
and family
h
Persian ffl PRT:27; MON5:114; PRT:313; IRN:7,28; FSF:40
'
ArTya [ij\
Aran, Iran, Arak, Araq J|^ < J\j\ t ^\J\ t ^|j|
Ardalan : "hoty Aryan land", a name l/^J'
Iranvej : original homeland of Aryans 7U<Jl yi\
w
Avestan
03 POK:24; BQT:196; IRN:12; FAF:86
ainyava : helper of Aryans
airya-man : noble mannered,
friend, guest^^ Men 1
► —
Persian UJ pok:67
BQT:196; IRN:12
I raj : "helper of Aryans
" a male name w- S\
Trman : guest
Ferdowsf
^j'/.J^J pjM c/ky
w
L
Sanskrit 03 kln:110; shp:180
Arya : noble
English
Aryan, Ireland
h
Persian ffl M0N5:212
'
Irland Jjjyl
Sogdian 03 SOD:60
ry n-Wyj n : Aryan family
Latin 03ahd
ille : that
Ultra : beyond
alter : the other
alius : from beyond (foreigner)
Greek 03ahd
alios : other
para-allelon : besides one another'^' Per 1
Latin 03ahd:951
parallelum: parattet
Germanic 03 ahd
al-jas : otherwise
English
alarm, alert, alligator
ultimate, ultra-
alternate
alien
English
parallel
English
else
15
Al 2 I Al 2
Indo-European Q3 pok:28
Al £ : to grind
^\
Avestan 03 pok:28
asa 1 , arta 1 : to grind
Persian 03 HRN:5; BQT:31
ard : Hour
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:59
'rtk:f/ower
Greek 03 ahd; kln:47
alein : to grind
al-euron:w/7eaff/our
English
aleurone
16
Al 3 I Al 3
Arabic 03 sap:43
~X
Al O : definite article "the" used as a prefix
The letter "L" changes to the first letter of the following word under
certain rules; for example "al-sana'a" becomes "as-sana'a". Most of
these Arabic words have reached Europe through Spanish and French.
^
V
W
v*
^
Persian UJ mon
^I.jSJI ,<0JI
Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew
Amir al-bahr : sea commander,
admiral A .m.r
al-fesfeseh : horse fcod^*" Ed & Ekwos
English
03 AHD; OEW
admiral
alfalfa
Persian UJ mon
admiral : admiral
alfalfa : a/fa/fa
UJTUJT
Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew
al-kahl : highly purified spirits,
afcoho/^K.h.l
al-XwarazmT : the 9th century
mathematician who devised
"algebra". Ghdhem
al-ithmud : antimony
I Latin
Wl
V k
French
Persian 03 mon; vop
alkol : alcohol
algoritm : algorithm
antTmoan : antimony
^1
• I -.T
English 03 ahd; kln
alcohol, algorithm, antimony
Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew; skt
al-qela : alkaline material obtained
from wood ashes
aZ-ZarniX : arsenic ®"Ghsl
al-malagma : the soft material,
amalgam N\e\ 3
I French
Persian UJ vop
alkali -.alkaline
arsenTk : arsenic
JKJT
V k
English 03 ahd
alkali, alkaline, arsenic, amalgam
Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew
AI-lah:fteGod®"Layh
al-qadlJS : water carrier, albatross
al-anbiq : distilling apparatus^" Hex 1 & Ab 1
al-badenjan : auberg/ne^Vatin-ganah
al-nil:(hs/nd/go t **NBi 1
English 03 ahd; oew
Allah
albatross
alembic
aubergine
anil, aniline
Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew
al-iksir : a dry medicine, elixir Ksero
al-a'sarah : the juice, dye^" A". s.r
al-jabr-w'al- moqabeleh: reunion and comparison, algebra^
al-kimiya : the art of transmutation. *" Ksrs 2 & Ghsu
al-OUd : the wood, /ufe^Agaruth
English 03 ahd; kln
elixir
alizarin
algebra
alchemy, chemistry
lute, flute, aloe
Arabic 03 kln; ahd; oew
al-bTrquq : early ripening (plum) ** Pskw
dr-aS-Sana : house of fabrication, factory ^S.n. "a & D.v.r
aS-SUmut : the directions^" Mai 3
Jabal-al-Tariq : "mountain of Tariq" who invaded Spain in 711
al-qubbah : the arch, afcoi/e^Gabbah
English 03 kln; oew
apricot
arsenal
azimuth
Gibraltar
alcove
17
Al 4 Aleio
Indo-European 03 POK:27; AHD:1505; IEC:14
~x
Al 4, AleJd, A\eUOS: to wander, roam, rove
Persian 03 I EC: 14
avareh : homeless, wanderer, exiled ( A a) ) ojUl
Hafez jJA$ •Affcj j£ qj\cj \ Jji \j i^il _ I j \fi $*) wii r^ )' V Liy Li'y^
w
^
Latin 03ahd:1505
Ulare : to wander
amb-lllare : to walk around^ Ambhi
eX-ul : wandering outside, exile^^ Ei
English 03 ahd
alley, preamble,
ambulate,
exile
Aleio
see root.
AI4
18
Alek Aleuos
W
Indo-European HI pok:32
AlGK : to ward off, protect
^\
Greek
03 AHD:1506; KLN:47,856
alexein : to protect
aleX-andrOS : protector
of men^ Nev 1
Arabic
03 MON5:144
Eskandar
Persian 03 M0N5:144
Eskandar jxS*J
Hafez | jb OvU Jl.pl ij\i <U>j£ y jj b
Latin 03 kln:47
Alexander
French 03 M0N5:144
Alexandre
Persian UJ M0N5:173
Alexandr ( jjjLSJT ) jjjLSJl
v*
Sanskrit ffl POK:32; KLN:47,856
laksa, raksa : 100,000 soldiers, also a large group of insects, insects
lak, rak : tree resin leaking after being attacked by a swarm of insects
AHD and OEW:333 derive these words from the root "Reg: to dye".
'-IF
English
Alexander
'ersian 03 KLN:856; BQT:1900
lak : hundred thousand (soldiers)
s\
^{^ oL> j>j toxky jSwiJ j JxJ <p _ uL> j> jl J-IL? <G 3 JiU >>)— ** <g ^l j^
: to dye" for another possible root.
I,
l-Arabic ffl AFM:141; FVF:613
lajj : a large group of people,
also the deepest point of sea.
Persian UJ mon:3569
lojjeh : the deepest point of sea 4J3J
p '
J1U3I jl<pu<p* 4JSJ *jj jji O Jb JJiS
Sa'dr Jj| a ^\jS <0 yoO <0 |fJd*X&
See "Reg: to dye" for another possible root.
V..
Persian UJ KLN:856; BQT:1878
lak : red resin, lacquer JJj
Onsort tSi OJj_«_it> J>1> iji {)¥*') - '-^ '-^~ ; * J-i J"*?^ J °-^ y**
See"
: to dye" for another possible root.
I,
t f-Portugii
French
^
English 03 skt:281
lacquer, Shellac
Aleuos
see root.
AI4
19
Algwh | Amalaka
W
Indo-European 03 pok:32
AlgWh : worth, value
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:32; SYN:826
arej, arejah : value
arejat-aspa : (with) valuable
horses Ekwos
varejah, varecah : value
h
Persian ffl BQT:97,98,102,2265; HRN:241; MON:199, 4999
'
av\:value ( (jjjjj\ t jj\ t JJws^jl ) r j\
TZan : valuable, also worthless id**'))' ) l)' ) )'
Afjasp : "owner of valuable horses", a male name u-wtfl?' )l
Varj: value ( Jjjl*jj t JJw*^- j$ ) r j$
ci*v*«il j^y^ 3 j - ***" ** 3 ^~^ *~ $"*" 5 ^
Ferdowsf cUwl j-Mii-O F jj O j CUwl oU <0
w
L
^
Old Persian 03 SOD:90
arjana : valuable
Sogdian 03 SOD:90,95
yzn : valuable
Greek 03 pok:32
alphein : to gain, profit
A.l.h
see root.
Layh
Indo-European 03 KLN:46; AHD:1506; POK:33
Al U : bitter, also used in words related
to intoxication, magic and sorcery.
A
W
Latin 03 OEW:84; KLN:46
Alumen : alum, a bitter
salt of aluminum
French 03 ahd
aluminium
Persian 03vop:18
alumT
niyom |»~wJT ( ~jV^JT
^
^
English 03 OEW:84; KLN:57
ale, alum, alumina, aluminum, aluminium
Sanskrit 03 kln:513
Amalaka, Amlak:
V*
^
Persian UJ BQT:61; MON:90
amoleh : emblic tree
<»JJ>T) «iST
I,
(•Arabic 03 kln:513
amlaj
Middle Latin
emblica
English 03 kln:513
emblic : a tree
20
Ambhi Ambhi
^
Indo-European 03 pok:34
~X
Ambhi, Mbhi, Obhi, Ebhi -.around
AmbhO: both
Avestan 03 pok:34
aiwi, aibi, abi, aiwis, Ube, UWa: over, above, both
w
^
Avestan
aiWI-rUC : to light up-^ Lsuk
aiwi-reg : to straighten up *" Rag
aiwi-Sara : around the head^ Ksr 1
aiwi-Sara : on the head®" Ksr 1
Persian 03 hrn:22,23
afruxtan : to light up
&/
afrastan : to raise
( jljil ) ^Ijil
afsar : bridle
jLil
afsar : crown, officer
jmi\
Avestan 03 hub:16
aiwi-Saoka : burn over cr Ksuk 1
aiwi-kand : to throw away®"Gwrisn 1
aiwi-Zavayeiti : adds up^Gsu 2
Persian UJ DRM:131; HRN:23
afsUS : regret ^amjl
afkandan : to throw ^JJ&I
afzudan : to add ( ^^•1 ) ^i? jil
w
Avestan
aiwi-fsan : to spread around
aiwi-aXS : oversee ®"Okw
Persian 03 HRN:24; BQT:2143; MON:317
afsandan : to spread, sprinkle ( \\£i\ ) AJjliil
afsun : rake i^yiil
,^
W
Avestan
aiwis-kar : chase (animals) away®" Kwsr
aiwis-tap : in heat, in a huny®" Tsp
Persian 03 BQT:1275; HRN:172,174
sekar : hunt
)U*S
Setaftan : to hurry ( ijzji ) 'Z&Zji
Avestan 03 ahm:220
abi-dasta, a-dasta, a-dsta : over hands, s/eei«®"Grissto
Persian 03 ahm:220
astTn : sleeve
.'y*i»i**ll
Old Persian 03 pok:34
abis, abiy, abi : over, above
Greek 03 POK:34; AHD:44
amphi : around, on both sides
English
amphitheater, amphibious
Germanic 03 pok:34; ahd
English
both, be-
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:512
ambi-Tre : to go around, ambient ®*Ei
ambactUS : one who goes around, messenger, servant
English
ambient
ambassador, embassy
Indo-European 03 IEC:19
AlTlbhO-bhOr, Am bhOr: a two-handled tool
®*Brisr 1
Persian UJ IEC:19; MON:361
anbor:p//e
Ambho A.m.n
Ambho
Ambho-bhor
Ambho-Bhor
Ambhor
AmTr
Amlak
see root: Ambhi
see root: Ambhi
see root: Bher 1
see root: Ambhi
see root: A'.m.r
see root: Amalaka
^
Semitic 03 kln:62
A
A\m.m
to join, unite
Arabic 03 kln:62
amm 1 : a great crowd
amm 2 : father's brother
ammah : father's sister
Persian UJ FVA:285; SAP:442
amu : uncle
am : public
Hafez
W
Hebrew 03 kln:62
am : people
im : w/f/7, together
ImmanU-el : God is with us®" Layh
French
Persian
Amanoel : "God «
^
^
English 03 kln:515
Emmanuel, Immanuel
W
Semitic 03 kln:61
A
A.m.n:
Arabic 03 kln:61
a.m.n: to trust
amin : trustworthy
iman : belief
h
Persian ffl fva:34,35
amn: safe ( y^t* 4
*
^
/wffijl * C-vJ»aI ) /yil
amanat : trusteeship, consignment, deposit
C-jUl
iman : (religious) belief, trust
personal names from this root
amen : truly, certainly, accept it (prayer)
lW 1
Hafez
<J yJll <J-lO **$^> i^W>
Hebrew 03 kln:61
a.m.n : to oe trustworthy
amen : truly, certainly
Greek
03 KLN:61
Latin 03 kln:61
English 03 kln:61
Amen : verily
22
Amon A'.m.r
Pahlavi 03 SNS:6
~X
Amori:
Persian 03 SNS:6; BQT:61; MON:91
amudan : to m with, mix with ( a.a| ( yi| ) A^yil
gohar-amud : fitted with gems 3 yi | JbS
Sanat «i J I iiv^ 4j ^l^j ji -jt> _ siyil i^xS j ^liJUj -jt>
v*
Pahlavi 03 SNS:6
abr-amun : "filled with clouds", c/oudy^*" Nebh
^
Persian UJ SNS:6
abr-amun : cloudy Oy'j^
This word is apparently obsolete.
Arabic 03 KLN:26; FVA:33
A . IT1 . r : to command
AlTl I T : commander
^ I Arabic 03 KLN:26; FSD:38
AmTr-al-bahr: commander of sea
Amir-ar-rahl : commander of transportation
W
Late Latin 03 fsd:38; kln:26
W
^
Old French 03 fsd:38
amiral :
sea commander
~~\
Persian 03 fva:33; mon
ami": order
p
J
/ <
\j*\
< jt*\ < sty < jy'
mirza : Nobel born ® = Gene 1
'jje"
ammareh : commanding, demanding
8)W
ma mur : agent (one who has orders)
( Cn>jy>{/> ) jyv>
emarat : kingdom, state
( oljUl ) c»jU
amiralis, admiralis : sea commander
"bahr" or "rahl" has been dropped
English 03 ahd
admiral
Persian UJ mon:36
admiral :
J't*" 3
23
^
An 1 I An 2
Indo-European 03 kln; ahd; pok:48
An 1 : breath
AnSU : spirit, world
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:48; KLN:41,1095; AHD; SNS:6; OEW:9
ahu, ahura, anhu, ahva, axva://fe, spirit, world
prana : breath of life
ahura-mazdha : wise spirit, God®" Man 1, DhS 2
Persian UJ MON:400; SNB:126
Ahuramazda : God (\jj>\)\z\Ajj>\
W
Avestan 03 POK:48; BQT:896; VDQ:36; SOD:127
daOS-ah Va : evil worfd®" Dus
barz-ahva : better (higher) worfd®" Bhsrgh
anhuyat-haca : from heart (soul) ®"Sskw
I,
(-Pahlavi 03 SBK:214; VDQ:36
duzax, barzax
Persian 03 BQT:896; VIE:31; VDQ:36
dlJZaX : hell
barzax : middle stage
^
Greek 03kln:118
astma : hard breath
I
French
Persian 03 mon:55
asm : asthma
»#>>
English
asthma
V
w
L
Latin 03 kln:78
anima : breath of air, life
English 03 ahd
animal, animosity, exhale, inhale
Germanic 03 ahd:929, 931
anSU : God
English
Oswald, Oscar®"Ghsi2
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:48, sod:10
asu, asura:God
Sogdian 03 SOD:10
as Wr : God
^
Indo-European 03 pok:37
A
An 2, Eno, Ono :
Avestan / Old Persian 03 hrn:13; kln:1108; pok:37
anya, aimya : other
Persian UJ hrn:13
W | Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1102
M
English
other
Indo-European 03 IEC:27
An-terOS : second,
other, step parent^^ Ter 1
c
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:27; POK:37
antarah :
Persian 03 IEC:27; MON:373
andar : a suffix meaning step as in step father ' *Jj| _
24
An 3 Andho
Indo-European 03 pok:39
~X
An 3, And:
on, upon, above, to
Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:39; KLN:67; KNT:164; DZA:57
ana : on, upon
anu, anUV : to, after, along
anU-i : going along
Germanic 03 ahd
English
on, upon, unless
^
Greek
ana- : according to, upward, back, again
ana-luein : to loosen back, analyze
analogOS : speak according to, give analogy
English 03 ahd
analysis, analogy, anatomy
An 4
see root : Ne 1
Arabic 03 fva:286
A
A.n.b, anbar :
Persian 03 BQT:1382; FVA:286
anbar: amber
7?**
^ | Middle Latin 03 kln:60 ~| ►-
^
English 03 kln:60
amber
anbar
1
see root: A.n.b
Indo-European 03 pok:41
AndhO -.blind, dark
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:41; SYN:323
anda, ando : blind
Sogdian 03 S0D:44
' nt' : blind
Latin 03 ahd
Umbra : shadow
English
umbrella
25
w
Ang | Ang
Indo-European 03 pok:46
~X
Ang, Ank, Anq-.tobend
Avestan 03 kln:75
angUSta : toe, finger
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:41
'ngWSt: finger
Persian 03 mon:392
angOSt : finger, foe
CJ&I
kiJyil , S&>\ , ' Si\ , Jij£j\
Avestan 03 POK:45; BRT:755
anku, aka: hook
UUZ-aka : with bad sting hooks, porcupine Dus
BRT:755 is not quite certain about "duz-aka" etymology.
Pahlavi 03 SNS:168; BQT:1063
zuzag, zuzag, jujag -.porcupine
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:32
'ksye: hook
Greek 03ahd
1
'
ankura : anchor
Persian 03 BRT:755; BQT:1063
■.porcupine < Ojjj ) jjj
I
Persian 03 bqt:1908
langar : anchor ij
English 03 ahd
anchor
W
Sanskrit 03 POK:46; BQT:1254
angam : member, part
Catur-anga : the four parts
(castle, Knight, Bishop
and Pawn) in the game
of chess. ^^Kwetwer
Pahlavi
catrang
Persian 03 BQT:1254; FVF:404
satrang : chess
Najjar J\j jjj J*}\qJ £wl> ^ ^ -w ^ 3~^
W I Sanskrit 03
AHD:943; OEW:14
ancati : he bends
pari-ancati : he bends around, PER 1
pary-anka, palyanka : a bed carried on poles on the shoulder of
two or four men. This name is due to the sagging cloth bottom.
English 03 AHD; OEW:14
palanquin, palankee
W
L
Latin 03 ahd; kln
angulus : angle,
English
angle, rectangle, triangle
Germanic 03 ahd; oew:14
Angul : an angle-shaped land in Schleswig, W. Germany near Denmark.
^
t -Old English 03 KLN:522; AWH1:129
Engle, Angle : people of "Angul" who landed
in Britain (Engle-Land) around 450 AD
French
angle-
Persian 03 MON
EngelTs ^.J&l
^
English
English, England, Anglo-, Anglo-Saxon
Angh | Ap 1
W
Indo-European ffl pok:42
AnC(n : tight, compressed
^\
Avestan ffl pok:42
azaehe : compressed, in need
ni-az : that which pushes you down, need^
W
Pahlavi 03 mon:4877
niyaz : need
Persian 03 BQT:2222; MON:4877
niaz : need ( JJuH^ JU5 ( JJu»jU5 ) JU5
n TaZI : need, dear friend, sweetheart LS ) w
(J)l) ju jl ci^Lo L5J3J ^ - L5)LJ ijl eivwjj ju C«J» Ji
Osman Mokhtarf
W I Latin 03ahd \>-
English
anxious, anguish
^ | Germanic Q3ahd \ >-
^
English
anger
^
Indo-European 03 pok:43
A
Ang\Nh\: snake
Avestan 03 POK:44; KLN:86
aZI : snake
azi-dahak6 : biting snake
h
Persian UJ BQT:116,1339; PLA:5,190; FSF:43
'
ezdehak : serpent ( tJ\SL* ) tJtajl
ezdeha : serpent, also a spear UEO\l
aldar -.torpedo oM
Ferdowsf
w
^
Latin 03ahd
angUIS : snake
English
anguine
Ank
And
Anor
Anq
Ansu
An-teros
Ap1
see root: Ang
see root: An 3
see root: Nor
see root: Ang
see root ; An 1
see root: An 2
see root ; Ab 1
27
Ap 2 | Apank
W
Indo-European 03 pok:50
~X
/\p £ : to take, receive, reach, attain
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:50; SNS:14; ffd:82
ap 1 , af , ab : to receive
apayeiti : received
abi-ap, abi-af: to detain
w
w
Pahlavi ffl BQT:2254; SNS:14
apam, avam : loan, something received.
HRN:31 does not agree with this derivation
Persian 03
SNS:14; BQT:2254; AEF:173
Vam : loan
< r fls ) flj
avam : loan
<(.| 5 T> f l 5 l
Aj^^j'f^ *2—l>»- f>>
Ferdowsf
jO <oU ^ jJj /j-o-xSl w
Pahlavi 03 ffd:82
ayaf , ayab : to find
Persian 03 BQT:2419; FFD:82
yaftan : to find
yabidan : to find
V
^
Latin 03 POK:50; AHD; KLN:22,24,96
apere : to bind, attach, reach
aptUS : fit, suited
ad-apt-are : to m, adapt
ad-eptUS : reached
apex : something, reached, apex
CO-apere : bond together, couple
English 03 AHD; KLN:96
apt, aptitude
adapt, adept, inept
apex, attitude
couple
Apa
see root.
Apo
W I Pahlavi 03 SYN:870; BQT:99; FSF:6
Avestan 03 syn:873
~X
Apank:
turned backwards, north
apaxtar : north, north star
axtar : star
Persian 03 BQT:99; FSF:58
baxtar : north Zs>[,
axtar : star, fate ( ,jAxi Jj*\ ) Jj*\
Ferdowsf
IEC:260 links "axtar" to "setareh: star". See root "Ster 2"
W
Pahlavi
03 MON5:275; BQT:297
baxtri, baxr, balx:
a city north of
the ancient Iran
Persian UJ MON5:247
balx : an ancient city (Jl&ll , Ji*±> , Ji#ij) f<ij,
in Iran famous for its rose-red ruby gems
^
^-» | Sogdian 03 sod'
^
39
anxar, ngr-.star
This may be a cognate rather than a
derivative of the Avestan "apank"
4-Arabic
03 AHD:101
balaXS : ruby
Old French
03 AHD:101
balais : ruby
English
03 AHD:101
balas : a rose-
red gem
Apo | Apo
W
Indo-European 03 pok:53
Apo, Apa, Apu, Pu 3, P6 1 -.oft
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 POK:54; BQT:1086
ap 2, apa : off, away, to
apama, apatama : last
^ll-Pahlavi 03/
W
ape, ape : apart, without
Persian ffl AEF:309; MON:131
Dl : without
<-*
>-^i
jUi^yJ,
w^<
U<j>.
Dl-dastar : beaver that is able to cut trees
"without sickles". ^Da 1
yv<*>J*>*i
Pahlavi 03 SNS:26
afdom, awdum:/asf
Persian 03 MON:72,462; FRS:184
afdom : last, at last fjil> < fjil < fji I
Rudakt Ji}j\ ^IA)<0 l5J3J fjilj - iJ^j'^J-i y Jj! jJjjixlJjS
W I Avestan 03 KNT:168; BQT:1086; FFD:2
a 1 : a prefix for making verbs
a-Vare : to tang ^ Bhsr 1
a-gam : to come ^Gwa
a-rad, a-raiti 1 ■.tosetup cr M
apa-Spar : walk away from, frusf t **Spher
a-kand : to ffl/ t *"Gwhen 1
Persian ffl BQT:1086; HRN:1; FFD:24
3-, a- : a verbal prefix
_
l.-T
l)«w '*£}••* J W 1 " '* t'y*** 1 'J
<o-^'<
CPjJ 1
-3- : used to repeat a word
J.
J> y O y * j^'j** 1
mIo
<Ai
w
Avestan 03 KLN:168; POK:844
apa-dana : off place, secret
room of a palace^^ Dhe 2
a-frt-nami :/cra/se®"prr
a-fritan : to create ®"prt
a-part:(jafffe®"psr3
Persian 03 knt:168
apadana : throne room
bbl/T
afarin : praise
avard : battle
< «^T > i J5 T
Ferdowsf
uJc> j
- f I ^ j«*) p»j -^jj ' y
w
Arabic
03 AHD:23; PLA:203
if fit : demon
creature
Persian UJ mon
ef fit : demon C-J J£
W
Old Persian 03 POK:53-55; KNT:16
ap 2, apa : from, away
apa-dana : off (secret) c/ace^Dhs 2
pa 2, p6 : under
V
Old Persian 03 POK:53,55; KNT:16
apa-had : put away^Ssd
apa-ra : back, later
apa-taram : elsewhere
pan-S-daU:a*erfta(
apa-nyaka : ancestors *" Nyaka
Old Persian 03 pok:53-55
apa-ardha : pushed off,
reverse Ardha
Pahlavi 03 nyb:23
aparon : wrong,
upside down
Persian 03 mon:4941
Varun : upside down A* *|q
W
^
Latin 03ahd
ab:
English
abnormal
w
Apo | A'.q.b
Indo-European 03 pok:53
Apo, Apa, Apu, Pu 3, P6 1 -.oft
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Germanic 03 ahd
af:of
apo-tero : after
eben : later time, evening
afug : turned back
English
of, off
after
evening
awkward
^ Indo-European 03 pok:841; ahd:1506
P-OS, POS : after, behind
WAvestan / Old Persian 03 pok:842
paSCa, paSCa, pasa : after, behind
paskat : from behind here
^
L
Sogdian 03 sod:55,300
pys, pS : then, afterwards
Persian 03 HRN:70; BQT:403; IEC:29
pas : after ' ^j
Hafez jj,[i | VwJ jj j b | Vwi_^J 4Ji)L< •JjS
^
Latin 03 ahd
post : after
ponere : to place
English
postpone
oppose, propose, compose, impose, posture
Apu
Aq
see root: Apo
see root: Ak
W I Arabic 03 KLN:823; FVQ:2
Syriac 03 kln:823
A
A\q.b
to follow, succeed
a'.q.b : to follow
3* qeb: heel
Ya qUD : A prophet's name (follower, successor)
Persian LLI fva:276
aqab : back, behind i_Jip
Ya'qub : Jacob <^J<Jjj
W
Hebrew 03 KLN:823; FSD:1307
aqebh : heel
Ya aqobh : one that takes by the heel, follower, name of a prophet
W
Greek
03 FSD:1307
Jacobos
Late Latin 03 fsd:1307
Jacobus
French
Jaques
Persian 03 mon
zak (frfity SY)
English Q3ahd:699
Jacqueline
W
^
English 03 kln:823
Jacob, Jack, Jim, James
h
Persian ffl mon:1233
'
jak :jack (for lifting) SS
30
A.q.r | Ar
Semitic 03 fva:278
~X
A.q.r:
to sting, injure
Arabic 03 FVA:278; KFL:427
aqrab : scorpion
Persian 03 fva:278
aqrab : scorpion ( ^jtac ( t^jfe ) yjifc
Hebrew 03 kln:1404
aqrabh : s
I,
4-Greek
03 KLN:1401
^
skorpios
Latin
03 AHD:1164
scorpius
French
scorpion
English 03 KLN:1401; AHD:1164
scorpion
W
Indo-European 03 pok:55
Ar, Are : to fit together
See Part TWO for more derivatives
Avestan / Old Persian
03 P0K:56; IRN:28
arta 2, areta -.just, holy
arata, aradra : true
arta-aran : hoty Aryan land^" Al 1
arta-pa -.protector of justice ^ Pa
arta-xsathra :jus( k/ng^ Ksei 1
aipi-areta : determined^ Epi
w
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:58
rt W : righteous, holy
Avestan 03 P0K:56; BQT:142
asa 3 : true
asa-Vahista : best justice^ Su 1
arta-Vah-ista : best justice^ Su 1, Isto
asa-Van, Sa-Vant : determined, in order
aSVan : hoty, sacred
W
Avestan 03 WLD:74; P0K:56
rad 1 : right, correct, proper
a-rad, a-raiti 1, a-ras-:tosefup®"Apo
pati-rad : to trim ®" Per 1 ?
Vi-raiti, Vi-radh:se(apart®"wi
^
PART 1
A
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Persian
ffl BQT:98-101; IRN:28
ard -just
W
ard : 25th
day of each Persian month
< r ^
T)^|
Ardalan
: a male name,
"holy land of Aryans"
cW
Ardavan : a male name
"protector of justice"
ob-^j'
ArdesTr
a male name,
"just king"
wwwSJl )l
nard 1 :
backgammon
w
Sy3 2>
Ferdowsf
;l <o (Jju-o
U (jyS - J
A ^jhJ^ (J?L>
/ip^w
"nard" is a
distorted form of "NTv-ArdesTr
. See"Nei 1"
Pahlavi 03 BQT:101,142; SNS:5
as-vahist:(jes((raft
Urt-Vahist:(jes((raft
ahru, ahrav, asog: sacred
^
Persian UJ BQT; M0N:289; TZF:26
Ordlbehest : "best truth" C*&Q*li jl
aSU : true, heaven ojul
Persian
ffl BQT:30,437,926,927
AEF:428;
FFD:24
fad : liberal, brave
^
arastan :
decorate
(LiljT
• J^J
>Cr»'j'
pirastan
: to trim (add
or cut)
^JH>,
) Cr"'^
virastan
: to edit
•■ i
JJwwl jW I j ^_
[^ h
Ferdowsf
J^wM/Jl
js&$ ji <-".) r"
31
^
Ar | Araq
Indo-European 03 pok:55
Ar, Are : to fit together
See part ONE for more derivatives
Avestan 03 WLD:74; POK:56
ratll '.judge, religious leader
W
Pahlavi 03 SNS:226
fad : leader, master, Sir
Avestan 03 pok:56
arante : puts in order
aram, arem: suitable
Old Persian
03 WLD:74; POK:56; KNT:205
rad 1 , radiy : cause, reason
because of, due to
^
Greek 03 ahd; pok
harmos -.joint
arthrO-ltlS : inflammation of joints, arthritis
arithmUS : number
logOS-arithmUS : ratio number, logarithm
arma : arms, weapons
<+
V*
Arabic 03 bqt:96
arbah, arobeh : arms, war chariot
English
PART 2
~x
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Persian
UJ BQT:943;
MON:1645; FSF:199
fad : leader, judge, hero, wise
1 . '
Ferdowsi O'-Mj-* J*-*
3 (jAi_ ^JlJLj
3>
Persian
03 NYB:164
BQT:926; AEF:250
ra : due to
for
Ij
Cera : for what ?
?l*
Ol) <l> Jjj Pi jS I Ja9u> J»*a9 <U
'yCiJrj2>
Hafez
d-v^O
)l_W> «2 ,*—0 <0 I ) (^IjJ* Oi^Xfl
French
harmonie
arthrose
logarithme
Persian
03 MON:3619,5082; AMD:24
harmonT
artotoz
logaritm
Persian UJ BQT:96; MON:2286
arrabeh : cart, war chariot ( 8_>l"x ) <uljl
harmony, arthritis, arithmetic, logarithm, arms, army, alarm
^
Latin 03 ahd
ars : skm
reri : to consider
Ordo : row of threads in loom
French 03 ahd
Persian 03 mon:41
artist c-wa£3 j I
English 03 ahd
art, artist
English
order, coordinate, ordinary, reason, ratio, rate
Wl
Germanic 03 ahd
^
English
read, arm
Araq
see root: A.r.q
32
Ardha A\r.f
Old Persian 03 bqt:1445
~X
Ardha
swept moved, pushed
^ I Old Persian 03 NYB:23,76; BQT:1445
fra-ardha, frardha, frardha-van : pushed forward, correct, right®" Par 1
apa-ardha : pushed back, backward, wrong®" Apo
W
Pahlavi ffl BQT:1445,2246; NYB:23,76
fraron : right, honest, upright
aparOfl : wrong, bad, upside down
Persian ffl mon:2499
frarun : correct, honest
Daqfqf
V k
^
Persian ffl mon:4941
VarGn : upside down, wrong, evil
fyjb < ojj'j
Fsrdowst al , i jL*J J Xjly OUl> <U _ «l> Jjjj ^l AJjjIj l r~r-jl ,>»■>
Are
see root.
Ar
Arabic 03 KLN:1573; AHD:1317
A
A .r.T: to know
I 3 NT : information
h
h
Persian ffl fva:267
'
erfan : knowledge, gnosticism "A$ x
uiu^u < Objf < u2>^£ < c*$jim 4 u^jW
u2>l japI <u#jU1a <u#jU3 <<J!Ffji <tj&3 *a
ta refeh : a list of duties imposed on imports or exports &$ yj
Turkish 03 ahd
► —
Spanish
ta'rifa
tariff
English Q3ahd:1317
tariff
33
Arg | A.r.q
Indo-European 03 pok:64
Arg : to shine, white metal
Avestan 03 pok:64
erezata : white metal
Pahlavi 03 S0D:56
arzyz : tin
Old Persian 03 knt:171
arda- : light
ardata : shiny metal, silver
arda-Stana : flight stand), window frame ^Sta
Sogdian 03 S0D:56
rcyc : tin
Latin 03 kln; ahd
argentum : silver
Latin
arguere : to clarify
~^\
h
Persian ffl hrn:17
arzTz: " n Xu 1
English
argent, Argentina
English 03 ahd
argue
Ario
Arkhein
see root : Al 1
see root: Arxein
Arabic 03 fva:269
A.r.CJ: to sweat
/\f3C| : sweat juice, liquor
^\
V*
Arabic B3ahd:152
aDU-araq : "father of sweat", a spicy
plant used in medicine ^Ab 2
Persian UJ fva:269
araq : sweat liquor
i3j*
I,
( -Middle Latin 03 ah d : 1 52
^
borrago
Old French 03 ahd
bourrache, borrace
English 03ahd:152
borage : a spicy salad dressing
34
w
Greek 03 KLN:100; AHD:1506
Arxein, Arkhein
to lead, begin
Greek 03 KLN:100; AHD:69
arx, arxt, arkh, arkht : leader, master
arx-tekton : master builder, architect^" Tex
arxeion : government, public office, government records
W
Latin 03ahd
architectus
archivum
French 03 ahd
architecte
archive
V
L
Greek 03ahd:67
arxaios, archaios : ancient
I Latin
Arxein Asfar
~X
Persian 03 AMD:25; MON:43
arsTtekt : "master builder
arsTv : archive
English 03 ahd
arch- : master
archbishop, architect, archive
English 03 ahd
archaeo-, archaeology, archaic
Aryo
see root : Al 1
^
Indo-European 03 pok:6
AS:(,
Latin 03 KLN:102; FSD:1133
ardere : to be on fire
arere : to become dry (land)
ara : an area
V k
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
askon :
French 03 ahd:69
are : area
hect-are : unit of area
(2.47 acres)^ Dekm
^
Persian UJ mon:39, 5159
ar 1 : unit of area A
hectar : unit of area j\zS&
English Q3fsd:1133
hectare
English
area
arson
English
ash
A-sema
Asfar
see root: Sema
see root: S.f.r
35
A\s.r Asu
Arabic 03 KLN:50; FVA:273
~x
A\S.I":
to squeeze (the juice out)
W
Arabic 03 fva:273
a'sarah:ju/ce
al-a'sarah : the pice
Persian 03 fva:273
osaraU, osareU: pice, extract ( jLfls < <~»f) ojLae
Spanish 03 kln:50
alizari :;u/ce
French 03 dev:23
alizari: madders
^
English 03ahd:33
alizarin, alizarine: a red dye
extracted from madder root
W
Akkadian 03 kln:113; ahd:77
~X
ASU :
to rise, come out (said of the suh)
Greek 03 KLN:113; AHD:77
asia : tahd of sunrise, the East
I Latin
French
h
Persian 03 MON5:37
'
AsTya : Asia T \^J\
English 03 KLN:113; AHD:77
Asia
^►l Arabic ffl
KLN:113
WaZU : to become beautiful, clean
W.Z.a : to wash, clean
WOCIU : the washing before prayer
^
Persian LLI FVA:432; MON:5037
VOZU : the washing (ablution) before prayer
j*J
Hafez
36
w
Indo-European 03 pok:69
Ater, Atr:f,re
Avestan 03 POK:69; KLN:123
atars, athra:f/re
I,
(•Pahlavi 03 bqt:13
Still": (ire
atur-pat : fire guard, a hero
after whom a province of Iran
(Azerbaijan) was named ^^ Pa
W
Sogdian 03sod:11
as' kW: ash
at'rh:f/re
^ I Latin 03
AHD; KLN:27
ater, atrOX : black, darkened with fire, also cruelty
atrium : forecourt where fire smoke escapes through the roof
AdriaticUS, HadriaticUS : name of a town (nowAtri) in Italy
built on black soil
Wl
Ater Ato
~X
Persian 03 MON; FNI:12; ETM:59
atas : fire
azar : fire, a name
Azarbayejan : Azerbaijan
itaik)'
English 03 KLN:27, 123
atrocity
atrium
Adrian : a name (from Atri)
Adriatic
French
^
Persian LLI FNI:12; MON5:12
Adrian : a Roman Emperor
Ad fl at IK : a sea off the Mediterranean sea
Athal
Ato
see root: Atos
see root: Atos
37
Atos Au 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:71; ahd:1507
~X
AtOS, Atta, AtO, Athal : father, mother, family, race
Avestan 03 POK:71; FAF:10
athoya, athwya -.husband, man, father of Thraetaona (King Feraydoun)
W
Pahlavi 03 faf:10
Aspiyan
Persian 03 SNS:135; MON5:7; FAF:10
AbtTn : name of one of the early kings in Iran
Ferdowsf •
<i>«^') Cr&'
i\ J I fb ,jj ij-A J~s.-^j ^IjjJ )/ $ ^Ui) y
W | Old High German 03 kln:27,44; ahd
adal : lineage, ancestry
adel-beraht : bright in nobility (Albert) *" Bhsreg
athal-WOlf : nodfe wolf (Adolph)^" Wsl 2
W
Indo-European 03 SYN:94; WLD1:44; IEC:178,1369
Tclt, Tata -.daddy
Dhedh:grandfafter
English 03 KLN:44; ahd
Albert
Adolph
Persian 03 IEC:178; MON:1499
dadeh : grandfather, aunt ' (,}}
Sanskrit 03 SYN:94; IEC:1369
tata, tata : grandfather
Greek 03 IEC:178; SYN:94
tethe : father, grandfather
Latin 03 syn:94
tata : father, grandfather
Russian 03 kln:396
tata : father
^
English ffl KLN:396
dad, daddy
KLN:396 claims these and most other words on this chart to be
of childish origin and does not provide the derivation path
Atr
Atta
Au 1
see root: Ater
see root: Atos
see root : 6us 1
38
Au 2 Aue 2
~X
W
Indo-European 03 pok:72
AU 2, We 2 : away, off, down
Avestan / Old Persian 03 kln:132; pok:72; hid:209
ava 1 , aora : down
avara : downward
W
Avestan 03 KLN:132; HRN:105; BQT:733
ava-pat : fall down ®" Pat 1
avara-Sad : settle down, satisfy^ Sad
Persian 03 HRN:22; BQT:145,180
oftadan : to fail
XOrsand : satisfied
N-Avestan 03 AEF:175; BQT:1
ava-par : m down -^ pel 1
Persian UJ BQT:180; AEF:175
obardan : to siva//oiv ( yJilyl ) |Vjljl
obash : a tough or rowdy fellow, a gangster <J^9'
**j J 1 ' ^3 J^ 'j ^ <J - 4 - ,> - i,, 'j ^ -^Aj-*-; o-i
RudaRT
^
W
Old Russian 03 ahd:1391
U- : away, off
U-krai : far away edge, border land^^ Sek
English
Ukraine
Indo-European 03 kln:1740
We-SperO : going down (of the sun)
L
Germanic
WestO : sunset wesf
English
west
Au3
Aue 1
Aue 2
see root: 1 2
see root : We 1
see root: Wed
39
Aueg | Aus 1
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:84
~X
Aueg, Aug, Uog, Ug
to increase, strengthen
Avestan 03 pok:84,85
Ugra : strong
aojah, aogah : strength
Avestan 03 HUB:45; NYB:160; BRT:862
pairi-aojastara, pari-auzah : an strong, victorious^ Per 1
L
Persian ffl BRT:862; SNS:144
pifUZ : victorious
<.».»»> J37*i
HRN:78 derives "pfruz" from Avestan "paiti-raocah:toward light"
which is not accepted by HUB:45.
Avestan 03 POK:84,85; SYN:876; SOD:30
VaXSaiti, UXSyeiti : grows, strengthens, increases
VaXS 2, UXS : growth
^
Avestan B3aef:291
Vana-VaXSa : grown in the woods,
pansy, violet ^ Wen
W
Pahlavi 03aef:291
vana-vasak : pansy
HUB:33 doubts this derivation
Persian
03 AEF:291
BQT:308
banafseh : pansy
*ui^
banafs
violet, dark
i j»&*i
JXj o'jIj- ■>
y ) JJ» (j\fy>
Ferdowsf
J^.p
d^j? .3
AlwJ
d^.P
Old Persian 03 knt:177
VaXS : grow
U-VaXStra : well grown (a male name) ** Su 1
Persian UJ knt:177
HovaXSatar : king of Media
ji^y
Sogdian 03 SOD:30
XWS y : to grow
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 507
Wahsan : growth, size
English 03 ahd
waist
^
Latin 03ahd:1507
augere : to increase
augur : divine favor
augUStUS : majestic, august
aUXilium : support, aid
English 03 ahd
auction, augment, author
inaugurate
August
auxiliary
Aug
Auo
Aus 1
see root: Aueg
see root: 1 2
see root : 6us 1
40
Aus 2 Ausus
^
W
Indo-European 03 pok:86; kln:495
Aus 2, Awes : to shine
AUSUS : dawn
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:86; SYN:871
USaiti : to light up
USa : east dawn (direction of sunrise)
usas-tara : east
w
Pahlavi ffl sns:67
hlUS:
Persian ffl HRN:281; SNS:67
rlUS 2 : morning
nUSbam : morning shine, breakfast^
These words are almost obsolete.
Indo-European 03 kln:1702
Wes 2, Wesr :s
W
W
Avestan 03pok:1174
Vasar, Vasri : spring
vanri, vanhar: spring
Pahlavi 03 hrn:56
vahar:
Persian 03 POK:1174; KLN:1702
bahar:
jWi
Sanskrit 03 bqt:1452
vihara:s
W
Sogdian 03 SOD:108
brgr: temple
Persian 03 BQT:1452; FRS:87
farxar : temple j&>2
C^A ply CU) ^l ^Jaa 5 - C^A jl? OvJ 3 ^j'A J^fi
Rudakt
See BQT:1452 for discussion on the derivation
W
L
Old Persian 03 knt:188,207
vahara :
spring time
Latin 03ahd
Ver : spring
English
vernal
W
V
L
Germanic 03 ahd
aUSt : direction of sunshine
AllStron : goddess of dawn
English
east
Easter
Old High German 03 ahd
OStar : eastern
English
Austria
^
Latin 03 kln:130
aUStralis : southern (land)
aurora : dawn
English
Australia
aurora
Aus 3
Ausus
see root: 6us 2
see root: Aus 2
41
Autos Autos
^
Greek 03 KLN:130; AHD:89
~x
AutOS : self
from uncertain origin
Greek 03 kln; ahd
authentes, afendis : se/f doer,
authority, ruler, original
Turkish 03 kln:502
afandi :
W
Latin 03ahd:89
authenticus :
German
^►[Trench
autO-bahn : highway
v»
^
Persian UJ mon:319
afandT -.title of respect (JJJ>il
English 03 ahd
authentic,
Persian
Otoban : highway ^Ijyl
Persian UJ mon:139
tj*j>j>i i J^jy yl ' <SJ>\/>j>\
English 03 AHD:89; KLN:130
auto-, automobile, automatic
42
Aw Awei
W
Indo-European 03 pok:86
Aw, Awi, Awei:(,,rd
~X
Avestan
03 POK:86;
HRN:296
SYN:183
VIS 2 : bird
VayU : air
vi 1 , vay
a-vayeiti
1 : to fly
flied up
Pahlavi 03 POK:86; NYB:207
voi, vay, vayandak : (j/rd
h
Persian
03 HRN:995; FRS:56
vay : bird tj\%
VIS : bird Jij j
Both are almost obsolete
Latin 03 pok:86
English 03 ahd
aviation, ostrich
Indo-European 03 pok:86,783
OW, OWO, AyO, OW^O: a bird egg
W
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:783; syn:256
a vay a, xaya : egg
ap-avaya : to castrate
ll
(•Pahlavi 03 HRN:103; PLA:104; BQT:711
hayik, Xayak : egg, testicle
xayak-bar, xayak-bar : egg earner (fish) 5
Persian
03 HRN:103; SYN:256; PLA:104
Xayeh : egg, testicle iJ\->
xaviyar : cawar ,t, ,y>
I
V
Turkish 03afm:51
havyar
Germanic / Old Norse 03 ahd
ajjam : egg
egg : egg
I Italian
French
English 03 ahd
English
kidney, egg
v*
^
Latin 03 ahd
English
ovule
Arabic 03sap:1123
A
AW3T : he damaged
W
Arabic 03 SAP:1124; AHD:91; KLN:133
'awar, 'awariyah: damaged goods
Persian 03 mon
af 2 : damage, shame \\fi
avaf : defect, damaged goods, damaged cloth j| -£
Farrokht jljf Jj-> y ij" /■ jJJI <0 j»$ ^l ill jS
^-» | Spanish
^ I Italian
French 03 KLN:133; AHD:91
avafie : damage to ship, also (averaged)
loss shared equitably among investors
English
average
Awei
see root.
Aw
43
Awes | Aysan
Awes
Awi
see root: Aus 2
see root: Aw
^
Indo-European 03 POK:12; AHD:1507; OEW:3
A
Ayer, Aier, Aieil: day, morning, early in the day
Avestan 03 POK:12; AEF:376
ayare : day
pr6-ayare : yesterday^ Par 1
W
Pahlavi B3aef:376
parer : yesterday
Persian LLI aef:376
p3V\V : yesterday
pirar : two years ago
Naser-Khosrow
i i > .^
b_«Jjl
j j'j-^ 1
iLs
rtrt
V
^
Germanic 03 ahd:1507; oew:3
airiZ: early
I JUjI J&l j^ jA c^A <u*$ <6ou>
English 03 ahd; oew
early, ere, erst
Ayo
Ayos
Aysan
see root: Aw
see root: Aios
see root: Zay
44
Baba Baba
B
W I Greek 03 OEW:22
W
Indo-European 03 oew:22; ahd:1507
A
DdDd : baby words for relatives, imitative of indistinct speech.
DdrDdrdll, DdlDdrdll : people who speak a non-Aryan language.
These words may be related to the root "Pa:to protect, feed".
barbitOS, barbarOS : non-Greek,
foreign people or things.
Pahlavi 03 BQT:249; MON:497
barbllt : a stringed musical instrument
Persian 03 mon:497
barbat : a musical instrument ]a> j
Hafez ijj y-ii b-ij-i J *-£}-> c*"'/"
Latin 03ahd
barbaria : foreign country
barbarUS : foreign, rude, wild
rheu-barbarum : foreign rhubarb^ Eves 1
English 03 OEW:22
barbarian, barbarous, Barbara
rhubarb
Russian 03ahd:100
balalayka : a musical instrument
Persian 03 V0P:84
balalayka : a Russian stringed musical instrument
&m
English 03ahd:100
balalaika
Old French ffl oew:22
babine : hanging lip (not talking properly)
English ffl OEW:22
baboon
Italian ffl oew:22
bambino : originally meant a wild
and savage man; later changed
to a brave and courageous man.
French
braVO : an expression of
approval (for bravery).
h
Persian ffl vop:87
'
bravo ^^A
^
English 03 ahd; oew
brave, bravo
W
Hindustani 03 OEW:22
babCi : old man (baby talk)
Persian 03 mon:430
bab 3 : an old respectful man
( y\>)' ylj
Compare with the Persian word "baba:father". See root "Pa"
^-» [Germanic 03 ahd
^
English 03 ahd
baby, babe, babble
45
Balbarah Bata
Balbarah
see root.
Baba
Old Persian 03 pla:56
Balut
: oak tree, acorn
v*
Pahlavi
03 PLA:56; MON:576
balut, barut:oa*
Persian UJ MON:576; BQT:303
balut: oak
m*
w
^
Arabic
03 PLA:56; MON:576
balluth:oak
Spanish
03 KLN:162
belloth :
English
03 KLN:162
bellote :
Indo-European 03 pok:93; ieC:53,92
A
Bamb, Bambo, Bhombhos:
bang, rumble
h
Persian UJ IEC:53,92; MON:578
'
bam : bass, low -J
MON derives this word from Arabic but IEC claims it is Indo-European
w
Greek
03 IEC:53
bombos
Latin
03 IEC:53
bombus
French 03 ahd:149
bombe
L
Persian 03 V0P:92
bomb : bomb (^ftl y^) ^
^
English 03 ahd
bomb
Bambak
Bambo
Barbarah
see root: Pambak
see root: Bamb
see root: Baba
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:223
~X
Bata, Vata
: small, undesirable, bad
W
^
Iranian 03 ISS:224
Vata : bad
Pahlavi 03 ISS:224
Vat : bad
h
Persian 03 HRN:44; BQT; MON:4993
'
bad 1 : bad Jj
Vad : bad } •
Batiaxe Besma
Old Persian 03 hrn:36
~X
DdtldXG : a bowl (of wine)
The source of the Old Persian form is not clear
v*
Pahlavi 03aef:207
batak :
^
Persian UJ aef:207
badeh : wins e}[>
badTyeh : ijoivi (of wine) ( <ukl) ) ij}[>
patTleh:p ( ( Aol> ) <djl>
Manuchehrt V^*j' ^ f" - ^ )' ' «-~k<^ (Y <C_Jjl
VFO:18 claims these words are related to English "pot". Also see "P6 2".
Avestan 03 S0D:18
~X
Bazda:
W
Sogdian 03 SLW:101; SOD:18
'bz, 'bj, 'bz, 'byZ: sin, bad
^
Persian 03 bqt:1485
faz : dirt, dirty ( T «J ) «i
fazak : dirty, impure ( ,y^lji < ^'jS ) ^J*
fazagand : dirty ( jj^^i , jj^^i ) u±\*£
Asadt <> Xa I O Ui <ll)l y ^y» J> j _ j> Jj> I O I'ji y ^y> <0 ljLit>
Belur
see root: Velur
Avestan 03 hrn:48
~X
Berenza:
V.
h
Persian 03 hrn:48
berenj 1 -.brass ' w j
I,
(rLatin 03 PRT:60; KLN:203
bronzium : brass
WltaR"
Italian
bronzo
I French
Persian UJ mon
bronz : bronze
yy.
^
^
English 03 ahd
bronze
Besma
see root: Busma
47
Beu 1 Bha
Indo-European 03 pok:97
~X
BeU 1, BheU 1, BIlU: root of muffled sounds
Avestan 03 pok:97
bucahin, buxti : howl, yell
h
Persian ffl iec:116
'
DU-timar : a kind of bird of heron family jU-OoJ
Pahlavi 03 MON:e
bum 1 : owl
Persian 03 pok:97
bum 1 : owl whose sight was believed to bring misfortune ' A-j
^
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:176,213
butire : to make a "bu" sound
butio : bittern
buted : a kind of hawk
English
bittern
buzzard
Indo-European 03 pok:98
Beu 2, Bheu 2
: to swell, blow
Latin 03 l_AT:138; AHD
bCicina : trumpet, horn
Aramaic
bucina : horn
Arabic
03 BQT:318; AFA:284
bljq : horn
Germanic 03 ahd
pUK : bag, pocket
French 03ahd:1011
pocket, poche
Persian 03 bqt:318
bijq : horn ,jj jj
Persian UJ mon:668
pakat ci"l>
English 03 ahd
pocket, pouch
v»
English
bosom, big, bud, boast, bucket, puff
Latin 03 ahd
bulla : bubble, round object
bulca : inflated
English
bullet, bowl, boil, bully, bullion
buckle
Bha
Bha
see root: Bhe
see root: Bhe
Bha 1 Bha 1
W
Indo-European ffl pok:104
Dild 1 : to shine
^\
Avestan 03 POK:104; SOD:97
bama, ba, bamya : bright
Persian 03 bqt:227
bam 1 : morning ' p\y
bamdad : morn/ng }\jA>
W
Sogdian
03 BQT:1437; SOD:97
b m : color, brilliance
Persian 03 SOD:97; SLW:100
fam : a suffix meaning color ' p\$
V
Greek 03 ahd; kln:1170
phos : light
ph6s-phorOS : light bearing (substance) ** Bhsr 1
phanOS : torch
phanein : to shine
w
v k
French
phase, photo, fantome, phosphore
^ | Germanic 03 ahd \ >-
^
Persian UJ bqt:1437
fanUS : lantern (/'yU
f ' ^3 A <y 3 C^ oW" 3 a"y^ f I ^
Persian 03 MON:2470; AMD:1510, 1553
jLi , ^yM , yy , jU
English 03 ahd; kln
photo, phantom, phase,
phenomenon, emphasis, phosphor
English
beacon
Bha 2 Bhad
W
Indo-European ffl pok:105
Dlld £ : to speak, heal
^\
Avestan / Old Persian
03 NYB:48; POK:105
bisazka : heater, doctor
baesaza : doctor, medicine
Pahlavi 03aef:237
besazak : doctor
h
Persian ffl bqt:399
'
pezesk : doctor Sj>'j*
w
Sogdian 03sod:117
bye : doctor
<+
W
Latin 03 ahd
fan
to speak
English
infant, fate, fame, confess, preface
Greek 03 AHD:1304; KLN:1557
phone : voice
SUn-phone : harmonious sound^
French
telephone
symphonie
Persian 03 mon:1132, 1921
telefon
geramafon
samfonT
V>
V*
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
banwan : speak publicly
English 03 ahd
symphony
English
phone, prophet
English
ban, abandon
Indo-European 03 pok:106
Bhad: good
Avestan 03 POK:106; KLN:167
badra : good fortune, luck
hu-badra : (with) good luck, lucky ^Su 1
Germanic 03 ahd
batiso : good
English
better, best
50
Bhag | Bhag
Indo-European 03 pok:107; ieC:61
Dliag : to share out, to enjoy
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
^
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:107; KNT; KLN:169
baga, baga : distributor
of good fortune, God
baxtO-data : one who is given
a good fortune, lucky^^ Do 2
baX-ta : that which is given, fate
^
h
Persian ffl BQT:203,239; AEF:198,241; ETM:61; FFD:35
'
baxstdan : to give
l\«L^**cW**J
baXS : division
baxt : fortune, fate
baj : toil, tax
< T ^> ^
3 3 3 *^ ^ ^^ $
Ferdowsf
4j w A*** .
/
fj?
«i «ijS jj jl_x_)i j
Avestan
03 BQT:251,324;SNS:96
baxadra : interest,
something given
>
Persian UJ bqt; SNS:96
barx : interest
< i/V*> £j*
baUr : interest
< °J*>. > 7«
T ji r fr jl COD (JJJOjjl <0
Asadf
-£>* J Jk j^> ^iib (jl y*
Persian UJ BQT:288,289,337; MON:2558; POK:107; TZF:18
bag, fag : God, goddess
Bagdad : God-given (city), Baghdad 1 ^ Do 2
bag-Stan : location (mountain) of gods 1 ^ Sta
also a very beautiful person (goddess of beauty)
bistun : corruption of "bag-stan", name of a mountain
upon which ancient Iranians used to worship
Ferdowsf oUw dL&fl'j j-#* j> r\J> Ju _ oU iJjyJLa <0 Jual *£ Q&J<3
Henning derives "bag" from Sogdian (SLW:94)
TAD:12 derives "Baghdad" from Persian "bag-e-dad:garden of justice".
^
w
Avestan 03 HJB:49; BQT:333,1494
baga-puthra : son of God,
title of respect^^ Pou
baga-dugdar : daughter of God,
Venus ^Dhsugh
Persian UJ HJB:49; BQT:333,1494; TZF:18
fagpUf: son of God, title of respect )*&$
B idoxt : "daughter of God" C-J»-Xo
Avestan 03 bqt:164
hama-baga : share together'^' Sam 1
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:164
hambag : companion
Persian
anbaZ : companion V^jl
anbag : rival wife i Ljl
Molavt jl j5 ji Ij to j>j_p- j jJLl*}
w
Turkish 03 zma:49
bak : grand, Lord, God
ata-bak : grand fafher,
god father
Persian 03 etm:60
bak : a title of respect ( S^ , lXo < uS«0 < l>J ) lSJ
t^ "' "' "' ' '
baygom : "ruler's mother, title of respecf'^Umm A^J
atabak : grand father, god father
SjO\
51
Bhag | Bhag-mos
Indo-European 03 pok:107; ieC:61
Dliag : to share out, to enjoy
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 HRN:39; AEF:224
baga : share, property, gardei
Sogdian 03 sod:37,ioo
DXS : to share out
bg : God
h
Persian ffl HRN:39; AEF:224
'
bag : garden c \)
HUB:23 does not agree with this derivation.
Sanskrit 03 AHD; HJB:49; KLN:140
bhaga : good fortune
bhagavant-gita : sound of subiime cr gh
bhaga-dhara : holder of happiness, brave^Dher 1
"bhaga-dhara" may be from Persian "faghpoor" (HJB:49)
| Mongolian 03 hjb:49
Persian 03 bqt; mon
bahador : hem
j->Wi
^
English 03 hjb; aid
Bhagavad-Gita, bahadur
W
Indo-European 03 IEC:61
Bhag-los, Bhag-mos : enjoyment,
feasting
r
Pahlavi
03 MON:523
bazm : feast
Persian 03 MON:523; IEC:61
bazm : feast
<'/f>i> f»
Persian UJ IEC:61; MON:489
bazleh: jest joke <Jl>
MON derives this from Arabic
W
Greek 03 IEC:61
phagein : to eat
^
English 03 AHD; IEC:62
-phagos, -phagy, phagocyte,
phagomania, phagophobia, esophagus
Indo-European 03 pok:108
BhagPlU -.elbow, arm
~~\
W
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:108; KLN:190
bazu, bazau:
Persian 03 bqt:220
bazii:
JJH
Germanic 03 ahd
DOOg: bow of a sh/p
English
bow : front section of a ship
Bhag-los
Bhag-mos
see root: Bhag
see root: Bhag
52
Bhe | Bhegh-iks
^
Indo-European 03 IEC:69,70; pok:112
~X
Bhe, BheCjh : outside, open
Dl"IGC|n~lKS : outside, excluding, except
Pahlavi 03 mon:452
a-paC: open
^
w
Sanskrit 03 IEC:70
bohyah : outside, open
bahlS : except, excluding
Persian UJ IEC:70
baz : open ' )[>
Persian UJ IEC:70; MON:473
bejOZ : except, excluding 'po
Indo-European ffl iec:70; pok:115
Di"IGC| : to oust out, push out, strike, break
C
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 508
banWon : river banks
^
English 03 ahd
bank, bankrupt, banquet
bench : originally used by bankers to exchange money
Indo-European 03 POK:113; IEC:59; WLD2:136
A
Bhe, Bho, Bha, Bha-. indeed
Avestan 03 POK:113; IEC:59
ba, be, bet: indeed
Sanskrit 03 IEC:59
bha-la:
h
Persian UJ IEC:59; MON:424,577
'
DI-, D6- : emphatic prefixes (Xow <G*iJ *J )
"</*' " V
baleh, ball: yes
^«4
MON derives "baleh & balf from Arabic
while IEC claims they are Indo-European
Armenian 03 IEC:59
ba:>
Bheg
Bhegh
Bhegh-iks
see root: Bhe
see root: Bhe
see root: Bhe
53
Bhel Bhel
W
V
V
Indo-European
03 POK:120,122,125,156,158; AHD; ROE:65,66
Bhel, Bhelgh, Bhlei, Bhleu:
to swell, blow, thrive, grow, bloom, overflow
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 POK:120; BQT:256
barez : to grow
bara-S-man : bundle of twigs
w
Pahlavi 03 bqt:256
barSUm : branches, twigs
Persian 03 BQT:256; SNS:103
barsam : a bundle of twigs „„ j
used in Zoroastrian ceremonies
Fsrdowst civwjj pwijl jlj £ j! liiji
Avestan 03 pok:125
barazis, barasnav : cushion, pnio\
W
Pahlavi 03 SNS:98
balisn, balen :puio\
Persian 03 POK:125; SNS:98
bales -.pillow ( ^ ^jJlj
Fsrdowst y ^J\j iiw«l&> fUjIjrf
Middle German 03 ahd
bole : beam, plank
balle : ball
French 03 ahd
boulevard
W
Italian 03ahd:102
palla, pallone : bail
ballotta : a small ball used for voting
French
03 AHD:102
ballon : ball
v k
w
Latin 03 ahd
ballaena : (spouting) whale
bulga:feafter(jag
Old French 03 ahd
baleine : whale
L
Old French 03 ahd
bougette : leather bag, budget
W
English 03 AHD; ETM:62
budget
French 03 etm:62
budget
W
^
Old Norse 03 ahd
bl6m, blomi : f/ower
bulki: rolled up bundle
h
Persian LLI mon:605
'
bulvar : boulevard j\Aji
English 03 ahd
boulevard
Persian 03 mon:467
balon : balloon
(^ ' L>A
English 03ahd:102
balloon
English 03ahd:102
ballot
Persian 03 MON:464,467
balon : whale ^ Jl> ( ^ Jl>
English 03 ahd
baleen
Persian 03 mon:600
biidjeh : budget
4^-iy
English 03 ahd
bloom, bulk
54
Bhel | Bhelgh
W
Indo-European
03 POK:120,122,125,156,158; AHD; ROE:65,66
Bhel, Bhelgh, Bhlei, Bhleu
to swell, blow, thrive, grow, bloom, overflow
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Latin 03 ahd
fluere : to flow
fluere-eSCent : showing a flow
in-fluentia : a flowing in
folium : leaf
fl0S, fl6r: flower
French
Persian 03 MON:97,386,2573; VOP:251
follJOr : Fluor gas JV*^
fluoresant: fluorescent lamp CjLujaii
anfluanza : f/u, I^T^lis! < 'j 3 "^"
it literally means influence (of a virus).
V k
English 03 ahd
flux, fluid, fluent, flush, fluoride, fluorescent,
influence, foliage, portfolio, Florence, florist,
flourish, flower.
W
Greek 03 ahd
phullon:feaf
xlorOS-phullon : green leafi
French 03 ahd
Chloro-phylle : the green
pigments in plants
^
^
Germanic 03 ahd
bul : bowl
bullon : bull
balthaz : bold
bios : flower, blossom
bladaz : leaf blade
balgiZ : bellows
W
^
Dutch 03 AHD
b\uyster : blister
This is a Middle Dutch word.
Persian 03 mon:3030
kolorofTI
J^/
English 03 ahd
chlorophyll
English
03 AHD
bowl
bull
bold
blossom
blade
bellows,
belly
English 03 ahd
blister
Bhelgh
see root.
Bhel
55
Bhen Bhen
Indo-European 03 pok:126
BY\en : to strike
W
W
Avestan 03 KLN:145; SYN:304 ►
ban : to be sick
banta : sick
banay : to make sick
Germanic
03AHD
banon :
Middle German
bane : path cut
through woods, road
^
"~X
German 03 ahd
autO-bahn : highway
L
Persian
otoban ^|
English
autobahn
Bhendh Bhendh
W
Indo-European 03 pok:127
Bhendh : to bind, fasten
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:127; BQT:449
banda : band, tie
paiti-band : to attach ^ Per 3
w
Persian 03 AHD:1509; BQT:305; SAP:491
band : band, dam
JJo
payvastan : to attach ( jj^ ) ji»^
dul-band : shawl, turban Jjjo
'dul: around" is an Arabic term.
Persian 03 fvf:98
darband : "enclosed area"
JJ*J O
bandar : "enclosed area", port'^' Dhwsr
jJij
j>\X>
w
Turkish 03 phn:363
tiilbend : turban
French
English Q3ahd:1382
turban
W
Latin 03 ah D: 1380
tulipa : fu//p (due to
its turban shape)
English ffl AHD; OEW:247
tulip : this flower was first taken to England
in 1575 from Persia via Turkey and Holland.
Old Persian 03 SOD:105; knt:199
bandaka : slave
Pahlavi
03 MON:588; KNT:199
bandak : slave
Persian 03 mon:588
bandeh : slave
s.Uj
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:127; AEF:160; HUB:18
basta : bundled up, fastened
ham-basta : tied together,
interwoven, spider web
Persian UJ KLN:152; BQT:164,173,278; AEF:159
bastan : to tie, close
anbast : tied together, dense, coagulated
anfast : spider web
{/****<
Ajl {£$ 6'3v "3"^ y. ^¥. - tij^r j»^~" ^r^ ^ J > u£ty*»
Shams Fakhrf
W
Latin 03 KLN:152,576
faSCis : bundle
English 03 kln:152
basket
W
Italian 03 kln:576
fascismo : bundle, (a political) c
I
French
fascism
Persian 03 mon:2471
fasism
<c
\i)
English 03 ahd:477
fascism
W
L
^
Germanic 03 ahd
band, binda, bund
English 03 ahd
band, bend, bond, bind, bundle, ribbon
French 03 kln:146
bannier:dand
English
banner
57
Bhengh | Bher 1
Indo-European 03 pok:127
Bhengh :ft/ckfe(
Avestan 03 POK:127; KLN:1109
bazah : height, depth
Sogdian 03 S0D:137
db'nz:
wide, coarse
Greek 03ahd
paxus : tick
^\
Persian 03 mon:452
baZ : distance between stretched hands (' 'Xi <o ju) )U
English 03 ahd
pachy- -.thick
pachyderm : thick-skinned animals^ Der 1
Indo-European
03 POK:128,163; KAS:10; PRT:234; SYN:107
Bher 1 :to carry
Dlircl~t3r : load carrier (of family),
brother^" Ter 3
W
^
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:128
bar : to carry, ride a horse
baraiti : carries
^
Pahlavi 03 bqt:253
buftan : to carry away
bar 1 : load
Xayak-bar : egg carrying
fish, caviar Aw
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Persian 03 POK:128; BQT; AEF:208,212
bordan : to carry, take
^j*.
bar 1 : load, fruit (tree load)
0'->jAh <
r /:>^
XavTyar : caviar
Aj^
band : mail carrier
My.
bareh : carrier, horse
"J^.
Ferdowsf
J*
- >\vj>. j-* M j-^J &} Jl.
PLA:48, TAD:9 and AFM:18 claim
"band'
is from Pahlavi "burtan".
BQT, MON and AKD:50 claim it is
from Latin "veredus: carrier".
w
Avestan 03 BQT:821, 1773, 1858, 2245; HRN:68,240; FFD:42
aspa-bara : horse load, horse rider'^' Ekwos
Xar-bara : donkey load, unit of weight^ Kar 1
gatU-bara: bed carrier^ Gyia
gaOSa-Vare : carried by ear'&us 1
dus-yare : d/ff/cuff to carfy^ Dus
pari-bhar, pari-bar : carry around, raise (a child) c *
Persian 03
BQT; SNS:133
•jt 'hj* < j'r
>h-
jbv'
i)\^^ i
*j y^t
/•>;«<
Av,'
&>J3A
w
Avestan
03 BQT66; MON:1395; DRM:292; FFD:28
a-vare, a-bar-a : (jnng®"Apo
mTzda-Vare : wage earner'^' Mizdho
dat6-Vare : carrier of justice^ Dhe 2
hvare-Varan : where sun goes, west
^Sawel
Persian 03 BQT; fsf:58
C^li
iy^O 1
i\iAt
Ijlli
oi-3UJw> )5^" L^y^ j*^
For a discussion on "dastunpriest" see "Dhe 2"
Bher 1 Bher 2
^
^
Indo-European
03 POK:128,163; KAS:10; PRT:234; SYN:107
Bher 1 :to carry
Dl"ircl~t3r : load carrier (of the family),
brother^" Tar 3
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Old Persian
03 POK:128
bar : to carry, ride a horse
Old Persian 03 knt:200
a-bar : perform
pati-a-bar : bring back, restore ®" Par 3
para-bar : take away®" Par 1
pari-bar : protect, preserve ®" Pari
fra-bar : granf®" Per 1
Greek 03ahd
pherein : to carry
ph6s-phorOS : light bearing (substance) ®" Bha 1
French
03AHD
phosphore
Persian 03 mon:2546
fosfor ( olLi ) Jui
^
English 03ahd:986
phosphor
Avestan 03 POK:163; KLN:204
bratar : brother
Sogdian 03 SOD:107
br't: brother
Persian 03 hrn:45
baradar : brother
J*W
Germanic 03 ahd; kln:203
beran, burthiz, bur, brengan
brothar : brother
English
bear 1, birth, burden, bring
brother
Latin 03 ahd
ferre : to carry
frater : brother
English
defer, differ, fertile, offer, prefer, refer, suffer, transfer
fraternity
Indo-European 03 IEC:19
Ambh6-BhOr, AmbhOI": atwo-handled
tool for carrying (hot) objects ^^Ambhi
t
Persian 03 IEC:19
ambor -.pliers ( c^o^Jl < «j«5l ) j^\
W
Indo-European 03 pok:137
Bher 2:tocoo*
A
Old Persian 03 POK:137; BQT:270; HRN:47
braij : to cook, fry
w
Pahlavi 03 SNS:103; BQT:270
bristag : roasted
brejan : fry roast
Persian 03 MON; BQT:255,270; AEF:256; FFD:37
beresteh : roasted, toasted ( 'Sji j ) <£jb j>
beryan : masted d^ji
berijab : baking oven ( J^> ( ^j^> ) /j^J^
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
frigere : to roasf
English
fry
Bher 3 Bher 4
W
Indo-European 03 pok:133, 166
Bher 3, Bhrei -.to cut, pierce
^\
Avestan
03 HRN:49; BQT:270
bray : to cut
Pahlavi 03 SNS:105
bridan :
Persian 03 POK:133; BQT:270; HRN:59
, w p
boridan : to cut ( J>j ( 8 jj^j ) ^j^
bor-.cutter (y i 'J>\ l y i Sx^,y i iJi^Ji)^y i .
DM : shovel
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
boron : to bore
English
bore
Latin 03 ahd
forare : to pierce
ferire : to cut
fricare : to rub
English
perforate, interfere
friction, debris
Indo-European 03 kln:182
bherd : to cut
r
Germanic
BURD: board
English 03 ahd
board
border
W
Indo-European 03 pok:136
~X
Bher 4
: bright, brown
Avestan
03 POK:136; KLN:158
bowra : red, brown
animal, beaver
bawraini, bawri : beaver
Persian 03 BQT:231,314,315; MON:601; AEF:295
bur : brownish red, red horse, flushed from embarrassment j-j
biireh : borax, white ( JJj^j , Oj^J ) 8j^>
W
Arabic ffl bqt:315
burq : white, shining
TAD:14 links this word to the Arabic root "B.r.q: shines".
W
French 03 phn:71
borax
English Q3ahd:152
borax, boric, Boron
W
Pahlavi 03 mon:471
bavarak : beaver
Persian 03 mon:471
babar : beaver, red fox
J*
w
^
Germanic 03 kln:158; ahd
brunaz : brown
berO : brown animal, bear, beaver
English
brown, brunet,
beaver, bear 2, Bernard
60
Bher 5 Bhereu
Indo-European 03 AHD:1510; POK:132,143; IEC:116
~x
Bher 5, Bheru, Bhereu, Bhreu, Bhru 2.
Persian 03 IEC:116, MON:575
balva : tumult
MON:575 claims this is from an Arabic root
^
^
W
W
Germanic 03 ahd
breuwan : to brew
braudam : cooked food, bread
brudam : broth
br6d : hatching
Germanic 03 ahd
brethaz : warm air, breath
bres : burning
brenw : to burn
brandaz : a flaming torch
English
03 AHD
breath
braise,
breeze
burn
brand,
Brandy
^
Latin 03 ahd
fer-mentum:yeasf
fervere : to be boiling
English 03 ahd
ferment
fervent
bherd
see root: Bher 3
Indo-European 03 pok:139
A
Bhereg, Bhreg-.to shine, bright
W
W
W
Avestan 03 POK:139; BQT:137
braz : to shine
h
Persian 03 BQT:247; MON:493
'
barazTdan : to look nice i)^ J j^ji
barazandeh : well suited, m 8 jjj| j
Sogdian 03 SOD:106
br'z'fA: shining
^
Germanic 03 ahd
berhtaz : bright
berkjon : white tree, birch
adel-beraht : bright in nobility (Albert)^ Atos
English
bright, Albert, Robert
birch
Bhereu
see root: Bher 5
61
Bhergh | Bhergh
^,
Indo-European 03 pok:140
Bhergh :h/g/7
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
4-Avestan
03 POK:140; KLN:188; KNT:200; VDQ:36; MAG:181
berez 1, berezi, berezra, bars,
bares, berezant, barzman : high
barz-ahva : higher world cr An 1
Persian
03 KLN:148; BQT:254,256,300; FSF:78; VDQ:36
borz : tall, tallness
barzax : middle stage (above hell)
barZOy : "great", a name
FarTborZ : "with elegant height",
a male name ^^ Sawel
Asadt $ (JUxjI JjP- ijb oyb<G
Jj>.
JS!>J
h
h
Persian 03 KLN:148; BQT:254,256,300; FSF:78
'
boland : high Jjjj
bala : up, above )l[>
bala-Xaneh : balcony^ Gwhen 1 ii\>>i[>
I,
(•Italian 03 lkt:17
barbacane : a watch room on castle wall
balcone : balcony
AHD derives these words from other roots
W
v>
French 03 phn:55
balcon
Persian 03 mon:467
balkon
<A
English 03 KLN:148; LKT:17
barbican, balcony
W
V*
Avestan 03 S0D:1
bereg, a-bereg : high,
desirable
Pahlavi 03 S0D:1
awarzog, arzok : wish, hope
Persian 03 bqt; mon:42
areZU : hope, wish q V j |
Avestan 03 SOD:104
baresa : high on top
(of a horse neck), mane
Sogdian
03 SOD:104
bnS:n
W
L
Sogdian 03 S0D:1
a-brxsy : wish
Persian UJ SOD:140
Ferdowst ^lji*j j> J £~&n j> SijJJIjJ
Old Persian 03 knt:200,201
bard- : to be high or tall
Bardiya : the glorified (person)
barsan : height, depth
braZ : prayer
^
Persian 03 FSF:79; KNT:200
Bardiyeh : "great, tall", a historic male name
barmaneS : with high manners and thoughts
bar 2:high cr Upo
Ferdowsf
See root "Upo" for another derivation.
62
Bhergh | Bheu 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:140
Bhergh :h/g/7
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Sanskrit 03 KLN:194; KNT:201
brhant : high
brahman : religious devotion,
prayer
Persian 03 bqt:269
brahman : Priest of an old Indian religion ( <UJ& J ) *ysj& J
(£jj» (V^ 5 A ^)y^ ' iS^M r**-^* - (^5-Lw \a*»2 0^4^ °J. y ^
English 03 kln:194
Brahma, Brahman
W
W
Germanic 03 ahd
bergaz : mi
burgs : hill fort
harja-bergaz : army hill, harbor^ Koro
English 03 ahd
iceberg, Canterbury, borough, harbor
Latin 03ahd:1509
burgUS : fortified place, town
Old French 03ahd:156
bourg : town
burgeis : townsmen
Persian 03 mon:601
bCirZUa : townsman
'jJJJi
^
English 03ahd:156
bourgeois : the middle class
V k
English 03 ahd
burg, burglar
V*
^
Latin 03 KLN:614; AHD:1509
horctUS : high, good
forctUS, fortis : sfrong
English 03 ahd
fort, force, comfort, effort
Bheru
Bheu
Bheu 1
Bheu 2
see root: Bher5
see root: Bhou
see root : Beu 1
see root: Beu 2
63
Bheu 3 Bheu 3
W
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:146
Bheu 3:
~X
to exist, grow
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:146; BQT:111
buta, bav : to exist, become
busyant, busyeity : wm exist
Persian 03 POK:147; BQT:11 1,314; MON:603; AEF:293
budan : to be
basidan : to be
boveSM : being, existence
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:146; BQT:111; KNT:200
bumT: earth
bumT-mathan : earthquake
urvara:p/an<
Pahlavi
03 AEF:298
bum 2 : earth
bumahan:
earthquake
IMar : plants
Sogdian 03sod:115
bwmb : earth, world
Persian
03 POK:147; BQT:320; MON:401; AEF:299
bum 2 : earth,
country
V
bummahan
earthquake
<(>!* fl y
>(**#
IMar: plant
j3j5 l
^JuJ
CH"** J-i
Jjlj_)
Garshasp
V 3 "jj
j' ^P Iff')
J^ ¥
Avestan ffl BQT:223; SYN:1503; POK:146
buitl, buitl daeVO : name of a demon encouraging idolatry
BQT:233 claims Avestan name "buiti" is cognate with the Sanskrit word
"bhuta: a being, phantom, ghost" from the Indo-European root "Bheu".
W
Avestan
03 BQT:234
biiiti-kata : /*>/
house ^Ket
Persian ffl MON:472; BQT:234
bot : idol
( C-WJ yi C-vl i *Uliw i OJJW ) C-vl
Hafez '
Y) C& jH {/) )' o^ 4 J ^ ^ J y
See "Pwt" for another possible root.
^itm
t f-Hindustani
Portuguese
English 03 SKT:366; LKT:30; AID:233
pagoda : prayer house
See HJB:652 for a discussion on this word.
W
Sanskrit 03 SYN:1503; POK:146
bnU : become be
bhuta : a being, ghost, phantom
' ^([Germamc^
English 03 AHD; POK:149
be, build, beam, booth, boom, husband, neighbor, arbor, herb, bower
W
L
^
Greek 03ahd
phuein : to make grow
English
physics
Latin 03ahd
futurUS : ftaf is to be
prO-bhwO : growing forward
SUper-bhwO : being above
tri-bhu : third being, the third, a section of the Roman empire
English 03 ahd
future
prove
superb
tribe, tribune, contribute
Bheudh | Bheugh
W
Indo-European 03 pok:150
~X
DnGUdn : to be aware, enlighten
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:151; BQT:311; FFD:39
baoidi, baodhi, baud-a:
nice aroma
^
h
Persian 03bqt:311
'
buy : smell, aroma (^ ?,) <Jf,
buy-yidan : to smeii O-^*!
bCi-Stan : place of flowers^ Sta 0^***i
Avestan / Old Persian
03 FFD:40
pati-baUS : to smell,
expect, guess
Pahlavi
03 FFD:40
payOS : expect
W
Sogdian 03sod:113
bws : ii
Persian UJ FSF:98; FFD:40; BQT:342
biyUSldan : expect, hope ( ij^^o ) A^tj
bTyusandeh : hopeful «jJw»a^
na-bTyCisan : unexpected {j\*»yj\$
Asadr }5 £*J»5 3 jjj ^aj» <Ui) Uj^ 4$
w
Sanskrit 03ahd
blidhati : he awakes
budha : wise, aware
Persian 03 bqt:313
buda : Indian philosopher
] >y.
^
English 03 ahd
Buddha
^-» [Germanic 03 ahd
^
English
bid, forbid
W
Indo-European 03 pok:152
A
BheUg, BheUCjh :to purify, save, free
Avestan 03 pok:152
baog, bunja : to save
baOXtar : rescuer
Pahlavi
03 POK:152; SNS:106
boxtan : to save, free
bozisn: pardon
► —
Persian 03 SNS:96,106,107;
MON:476
boxt : saved, rescued, forgiven
pUZtdan : to ask for pardon
w
w
^
Old Persian 03 knt:199
baug : to sef free
baga-buxsa : God-freed®" Bhag
Latin 03 POK:152; ahd
fugere : to flee
English 03 ahd
fugitive, centrifugal, refuge
Bheugh
see root.
Bheug
Bhili Bho
Indo-European 03 pok:153
~X
D n 1 1 1 , D n 1 1 : good, friendly, loving
SYN:1110 claims this is an Anatolian word
v*
Greek 03 pok:154
philQS : love
W
W
Greek 03 ahd; kln
philo-SOphoS : fond
of wisdom^^ Sophos
Arabic 03 tad:53
falsafah
Persian 03 mon:2567
falsafeh : philosophy <w»Ji
► I Latin 03 ahd
French 03 ahd
English 03 ahd
philosophy
Greek 03 ahd; kln
philo-armonica : fond of music
^Ar
philo-hippOS: fond of horses
** Ekwos
philo-adelphos : fond of brother
^Gwslbh
Latin
I,
i f-French 03 ahd
I
Persian ffl vop:257
v •* •* •* J J •*
-(•English 03 ahd
Philadelphia
Philip
philharmonic
W
Greek 03 ahd; kln
SUS-philoS: friend of swine (shepherd's name) ** Su 2
I,
i f-Latin
French ffl AHD:1306; KLN:1561
Syphilis : name of a shepherd in a poem by a
physician (1530) who was the victim of a disease
that was later named after his poem hero, Syphilis.
^
W
^
Greek 03 ahd; kln
philo-anthopOS : fond of people
^NeM
philo-logOS : fond of reasoning
I Latin
French
Persian 03 mon
FTIadelffya UJi>Li
Persian UJ mon
SlTlllS jWJU* 1
seTMs ^*-JjUj
English 03 ahd
syphilis
English
philanthropy
philology
Bhilo
Bhlei
Bhleu
Bhleu
Bho
see root: Bhili
see root: Bhel
see root: Bhel
see root: Bhel
see root: Bhe
Bhoi Bhru 1
Indo-European 03 pok:161
Bhdi: to fear
"~X
W
W
Avestan 03 pok:161,162 ►
bay : fear
bhayaka : fear
Persian 03 POK:162; HRN:39,59; BQT:340
bim : fear
bak : fear
A
^
Sanskrit 03aef:320
bhay : to fear
bhl-ma : dreadful
h
Persian ffl mon:633
'
bimeh : insurance *U-0
IEC:723,1562 links this word to root "Weid, Woid: to see"
Bhombhos
see root: Bamb
Indo-European 03 IEC:98
A
Bhou, Bheu:
joy, satisfaction
W
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:98
bhavita: wett arranged
Persian 03 IEC:98; MON:607
buyeh : desire, hope <Uy , ' ^y
Hafez Jj,| j\j jL^J y j> i 4X)I LSj-rf
Bhra-tar
Bhra-ter
Bhra-ter
Bhreg
Bhrei
Bhreu
see root: Bher 1
see root: Bher 1
see root: Ter3
see root: Bhereg
see root: Bher 3
see root: Bher 5
Indo-European 03 pok:172
~X
DlirU 1 : eyebrow, beam, It
Avestan
03pok
brvat : brow
Pahlavi
03 BQT:80
bruk
Persian 03 POK:172; BQT:80; FSF:81
abru, bOfU : eyebrow .J, j J
Germanic 03 ahd
brUS : eyebrc
English
brow, eyebrow
Germanic 03 ahd
brugjO : wooden bridge
English
bridge
Bhru 2 Bhun
Bhru 2
Bhu
Bhudh
see root: Bher5
see root : Beu 1
see root: Bhun
Indo-European 03 pok:174
D n U C| O : male animal of various kinds
Avestan 03 POK:174; AEF:272
buza, blJZa : buck, goat
Pahlavi 03 BQT:271; AEF:272
buc, blJZ : goat
Persian
boz : goat
»
Germanic 03 ahd
bukkaz : male animal
English
buck
Celtic 03 ahd
bukkos : male goat
English
butcher
W
Indo-European 03 pok:174; ieC:124
Bhun, Bhudh
: base, bottom
Avestan 03 pok:174
bCinO, buna: base
w
Pahlavi 03 BQT:304; AEF:288
bun : base
bun-dat : foundation
^
L
^
Old English 03 KLN:189; AHD:1510
botm : lowest part
Latin 03 ahd
fundus : bottom
^\
Persian ffl BQT:304; BRT:968; NYB:50; AEF:288,290
DOn 1 : base, foundation, house
DOneh : house, nest, shelter
bonyad : foundation, establishment
*Cj )\ ^)UO SJ» y )\y y <0 - AX^y SJ» *M I ) f yw*z%
English
bottom
English
foundation, fundamental, profound
Bistak B.k.r
Pahlavi 03 unv:78
~X
DlStdK : pistachio
W
Persian ffl PLA:210; AHD:998
pesteh : pistachio, figuratively used to mean (smiling) lips <C**j
Hafez J>U jL£y>L> <C_**J /J-jS-Js (jJ)J3 ^L> - C-iSi Jty$)£ V 1 U /jA^ ^ j-jS jl ^>y
W
Greek 03 AHD:998; PLA:210; SKT:394; KLN:1190
pistake, pistakion
MON:2545 claims these Greek words were borrowed from Arabic.
W
Latin 03ahd:998
pistacia, pistacium
Italian 03 kln:1190
pistacchio
English 03ahd:998
pistachio
^ I Arabic 03 pla:2
fustug, fostoq : p/sfach/o
MON:2545 claims this word is taken
from Aramaic and then passed to Greek.
Persian 03 mon:2545
fostog : pistachio ( Jil»i ) 'Z^j
dww J»yi V*_w >Sls y t PUS oLa
Ahmad Ebn Mohammad
^►l French B3ahd:535
^
English 03 ahd:535
fustic, fistic
Arabic 03 kln:44
A
D . K. r : he rose up early
W
Arabic 03 kln:44
blkr : early, fresh, young, virgin
al-bakrah : the young camel
h
Persian ffl fva:51
'
bekf : fresh, young, new, virgin ( O )\X> ) jX)
ebtekar : ingenuity, fresh idea ( Sz^fi ) jKl)l
^
Spanish 03 AHD:29; KLN:44
al-baCOfa : "the young camel", referring to a large fish
English 03 AHD:29; KLN:44
albaCOre : a large fish
B.n.v | Boqca
W
Semitic 03 KLN:163; FVA:53
~x
B.n.v:
son, child
Arabic
03 KLN:163; FVA:53
b.n.v -.child
ibn : son
bent : daughtei
h
Persian ffl MON5:85,285; FVA:53; FSD:197
'
ebn : son
w'
bent : daughter
C-vO
bani : sons, children ( ^UU Jo
P
^i>^i
Ebne-STna : Avicena. A Khwarazmian scholar (980-1037)
U»MiW ' J I
Avicena's book, "Canon of Medicine", was the first guide to medical
studies in Europe from 12th to 17th century. He published his books
in Arabic and was, therefore, often mistaken as an Arab scholar.
^
English 03 fsd:197
Avicena, Avicenism
W
Hebrew 03 kln:163, 164
ben : son
Ben-yamTn : son of the right
(prosperous) hand^^Y.m.n
ReU-bhen : behold a son
Persian
BenyamTn : Benjamin yjoLx>
Hadrqat-ol-Haqrqat
^
^
English 03 KLN:163; ahd
Benjamin, Ben, Big Ben, Reuben
Turkish 03 mon:551
A
BoqCci, SUC\CB:a large napkin,
linen for wrapping clothes in it
V*
Persian 03 mon:551,555
boqceh : bundle, pack
( 4ije^>
w
^
Arabic
03 PLA:53; LAM:37
bouqceh : bundle
French 03 TAD:12; LAM:37
bagage :
English
03 AHD:99; SKT:35; LAM:37
baggage
70
B.r.k | B.r.q
Semitic 03 FVQ:75
~X
D . T. K : originally "to kneel" used of the camel.
Eventually the root developed the sense of "to bless".
Arabic 03 KLN:164; FVQ:75
b.r.k : to bless
barakat : blessing
Akkadian 03 KLN:164; AHD:579
karabll : to bless (letters are Interchanged)
Persian UJ fva:45
barekat : blessing c« S" J
Hebrew 03 kln:164, 274
berakah : blessing
kerubh : a winged
angel (consonants
R & B are reversed)
Arabic
03 MON:2958
karubiyy : a winged
angel
Persian UJ mon:2958
karrubT:ange/ ({)y$>,3y <d^$>,3j>) l^Ss
English 03ahd:231
cherub : a winged angel (of love)
W
^
Greek 03 AHD:579; KLN:680
gruphos, grups:£
eagle-headed lion
Latin
03 AHD:579
gryphus
Old French
03 KLN:680
grifion
English
03 AHD:579
griffin
Semitic 03 kln:514
~X
D.T.C| : to shine
Arabic 03 kln:514
b.r.q: to shine
Akkadian 03 kln:514
baraqtU : lightning
Persian 03 FVA:45; SOR:35
barq : lightning, electricity
L3 p y» jl c^jjil JS\ ^ . j^ «
Ferdowsf
Greek 03 kln:514
SmaraldoS : a shiny stone, emerald
Wl
W
Arabic 03 mon:1746
Persian UJ MON:1746; KLN:514
ZOmorrod : emerald
•>>j
ci-wjI y** s^ <mj\ ) -^Vm &y*fo *wl jib
Latin 03 kln:514
smaragdus
English 03 ahd:427
Smaragdite : a green mineral
W
Old French 03 kln:514
esmeralde
English 03 ahd:427
emerald
Sanskrit 03 SKT:163; KLN:514
marakata : emerald
71
Bu | B.w.s
Indo-European 03 pok:103; syn:1113
~X
D U : lip, kiss
Kissing, as an expression of affection, is unknown
among many races. There is no conclusive evidence
that kissing was known in the Indo-European times.
Persian UJ pok:103
bus : kiss ( ^.U^U ) ^U
Ferdowsf ^yi JiO /wja} i-j^w JL^i <0 - ^3 jlX^ (jy% C-i6 r j Ajd r j
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
kusjan : to kiss
English 03 ahd
buSS : to kiss loudly
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:256
DUn3l : naked, uncovered
~~\
Avestan 03 ISS:256
magna : naked
See "Nogw: naked" for
another possible root
Pahlavi 03 ISS:256
brahnak : naked
Persian 03 ISS:256; MON:517
berehneh : naked <UAj
See "Nogw: naked" for another possible root.
Sogdian 03 ISS:256
bgn'k, bgny: naked
Buqca
see root.
Boqca
Aramaic 03 tad:12; kln:144
A
Busma, Besmapef
W
Hebrew ffl kln:144
basam : spice, balsam plant
I,
(•Greek 03 kln:144
balsamon : balsam
plant
Arabic
03 TAD:12; MON:567
basam : perfume
balsam : balsam plant
^
Latin 03 kln:143
balsamun : balsam
Persian
03 MON:540,567
balsam
basam :
any resinous plant
seed of a balsam plant
fLL>
English
03 KLN:143
balsam
balsamine, balm,
embalm
B.w.s
see root: B.y.z
72
Semitic ffl kln:167
D.y.t: house
w
W
Arabic 03 kln:167
D.y.t : house
bayt : house
^
Hebrew 03 KLN:167; FSD:266
baith : house
Beth-el : the house of God^*" Layh
Beth-lexem : house of food
B.y.t | B.y.z
~x
Persian 03 FVA:55; MON:618
bayt : house, room, a line of poem C-wO
English 03ahd:127
Bethel, Beth
Bethlehem
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:262
ByUrrU : ten thousand
W
Avestan
03 ISS:262; AEF:324
baevar, baevare:
ten thousand
Sogdian 03 ISS:262
brywr : ten thousand
Armenian 03 ISS:262
biur : ten thousand
Pahlavi 03aef:324
bevar : ten thousand
bevar-asp : (with) ten
thousand horses
** Ekwos
► —
Persian 03 MON:635; FSF:98
bl Var : ten thousand j^j
BTvarasp : "with 10,000 horses" \ M »\jyj
jLi ^jjljifr) jl jj-jIsO
Ferdowst j\y> ai (Jji ^\jj jj ijj
^
Semitic 03 kln:215
B.y.Z, B.W.S:tobe white
AHD:183 ultimately derives this
from Egyptian "W.z:linen".
Arabic 03 kln:215
b.y.Z : to be white
bayzeh : egg (so
called for its color)
Persian UJ fva:56
batzeh : egg
*Ww
bayZI : ellipse
bayyaz : whiteness
bayza : white, the shining
hand of Moses
Uk)
Vahsht i_JJs lioj 6±li
yXi ~*w5 y&J> -
JJ^3
<J^
/>
dip
l^
C-J<Jjj& XfyJu
^
^
Hebrew
03 AHD:183; KLN:215
*~
Greek 03 kln:215
buSSOS 1 : linen
blitz, blJZ : white linen
Latin
English 03ahd:183
bySSUS : white cloth
used to wrap mummies
73
C'a Cartes
c
Chinese 03 KLN:1578; SHP:126
C'3:
v*
^
Chinese
03 KLN:1578; SHP:126
t'a : tea
{South Chinese accent)
The letter 'C did not appear in early
alphabets. The 'C' or 'CH' sounds
like 'K' in Greek. The 'CH' sound
(as in church) is a relatively
recent change.
A
Persian UJ MON:1270; SHP:126
Cay : tea
LiW
Malaysian
teh
Dutch
thee
English 03 AHD:1320; KLN:1578
tea
Cairya
see root: Cirya
W
Indo-European 03 0EW:51
Car, Char ■. idia chat
Italian 03 FSD:452; AHD:227
CerretO : a village In Italy famous
for Its idle chatters (quacks)
CerretanO : from Cerreto, idle chatter
CiarlatanO : one who claims to have
knowledge that he does not have
French
03 AHD:227
charlatan
L
W
^
French 03 ahd:228
charra : to chat
charrauO : a game of phrases and words
Persian 03 V0P:234
carlatan : a i
,W,U
j person who W ^J
claims skills he does not have
English 03 ahd:227
charlatan
English 03ahd:228
charades
Greek 03 AHD:203; KLN:239; PRT:79
"~X
Cartes, Xartes -.leaf of papyrus
Probably from an Egyptian origin
^
W
^
Arabic
03 TAD:55; VDQ:342
qertas : paper
Persian UJ mon:2659
qertas : paper
Ferdowsf
er i^UP &
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:239
Carta, Charta : papyrus leaf
French 03 kln:239
carte
Persian 03 mon:2801
kart:
< oyj^" ) °j^
Ojt
English 03 ahd; kln
card, carton, cartoon, cartridge, chart
74
Carya | CTrag
Carya
Cexara
Char
see root: Cirya
see root: CTxa
see root: Car
Chinese 03 KLN:1479; AHD:1237
Chiang-yU : soybean oil
Entered Japanese as "shoyu"
W
Dutch ffl KLN:1479
SOja : soybean
OXF:406 claims this word
entered Dutch through
Japanese "shoyu".
► French
h
Persian 03 V0P:224
SOya : soya [>y„
^
English 03 OXF:406
soya, soy
Chinese 03 SIN:565
A
Chou-shu, Shu-shu 7s e ;
^-» | Mongolian 03 SIN:565
^
Persian UJ MON:2089; BQT:1309
SOSO, SUSU: millet
y&y*'
Suzanf ykyk^ f vLxJ3 J^Xi GjUa£ *_&U - >**&£ ^'-^U j>J J*)*f*J>> & iSp"
gm" and "baxsom" are juices or wines extracted from seeds
Pahlavi ffl pla:157
A
CTrag : lamp
Persian ffl bqt:626
Cerag : lamp, light, illumination, guiding light C \ j?
Hafez -Jwwm5 Oy*> i_xS j> 2\ y? _ *--wwp jl <0 i-wU Xw o >J 4^3 j-^
W
Arabic ffl pla:157
esraCj : illumination, intuition
Sarq : east (where sun rises)
PLA suggests this as a possible
derivation but is not certain.
W
Arabic 03ahd:1152
Sarqiyin:easferners
t^
h
Persian 03fva:211
'
eSfag : illumination, intuition (Jj| Ji^ul <Jj Ajj) Jj| Jul
Sarq : easf (when sun rises) ( (jjjilw < t$j&J> ) &j&
Hafez JjJ jj<u")l j!ji> JL ^jW *l)j
Greek
03 AHD:1152
Sarakenos
Latin
03 AHD:1152
Saracenus
Old French
03 AHD:1152
Saracin
English
03 AHD:1152; KLN:1383
Saracen : an Arab
^-» | Aramaic 03 pla:157
^
Arabic 03 PLA:157; FVQ:166; SDQ:72
Siraj:/amp
h
Persian ffl fva:188
'
Seraj : lamp m I **>
75
Cirya | Cixa
Avestan / Old Persian 03 brt:598; bqt:676; syn:1150
~X
Cirya, Cirya, Cairya, Carya : ^e,
quick
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:676
Cer, CerTh : strong, brave,
quick, dominating
^
Persian 03 BRT:598; BQT:676
Cir : dominating, victorious ( J) ^^ t o ^^ ) ^^
Vfs-o-Ramfn
Cirya
see root: Cirya
Sanskrit 03 hrn:16
A
CTxa, Cixa, Cexara -.point,
tip, any pointed thing, skewer
v.
h
Persian ffl BQT:1203; HRN:168; FVF:383
'
SIX : skewer ( lSJoXmw ) fcrf
^
w
■Turkish 03 TAD:38; BQT:1203; MON:2112
SIS : skewer
Sisllk : meat roasted on a skewer
SIS-Kabob : meat roasted on a skewer
Persian 03mon:2112
sis ITk
siskabab
SJj^
u
English 03ahd:1196
shish kebab : pieces of seasoned meat roasted and served on skewers
Cixa
see root: CTxa
Cop | Crgala
Old Persian 03 hrn:99
~X
OOp : stick, wood
Cop-gan : a long s
^►|| Persian UJ t
CUb : wood, stick
COWgan : club, polo
Hafez JJJJ ^0 y? C-^IS V 0' )' lA^ " Oj S r^Y "^ 3 J— ^ 0' V?" ^'
W I Turkish 03 lkt:35
CLib : wood, sfck
CUblJC], CnlbuC| : smoking pipe (made from a wooden stem)
Derivation of the Turkish word from Persian is not clear.
Persian 03 ark:21 1
COpoq : smoking pipe
li??
French 03 web:312
^ I Greek 03 skt:87
chibouque -.pipe
English 03 kln:275
chibouk:
tobacco pipe
^
French 03 web:312
chicaner : to wrangle or dispute in a game
English 03 web:312
chicane : trick
Chicanery : cheating
Cop-gan
Crgala
I
see root: Cop
see root: Srgala
77
Da 1 I Da 1
D
^
Indo-European 03 pok:175
Da 1, Dai, D\ -.to divide,
cut in pieces
Sanskrit 03 POK:175; BQT:904
datra : sickle
dhara: sword Wade
Pahlavi 03 bqt:813
das:
Germanic 03 ahd
timo : a period (piece) of time, time
tldlZ : tide, used as a measure of time
Greek 03 ahd
demOS : a division of society
demOS-keratOS : people's government 1 ^ Kar 1
daimon : provider of shares, divinity
epi-demOS : (illness) among people 1 ^ Epi
W
Indo-European 03 IEC:129; ahd:1511
A
Persian 03 POK:175; BQT:333,813
das : sickle
bT-daS-tar : beaver. An animal that
cuts trees "without sickles". Apo
Persian LLI bqt:904
dahreh : a sickle shaped weapon
•/■>
English 03 ahd
time, tide
French
democratie
I
Persian 03 mon:1561
ol/yO ' uf'/y
English 03ahd:351
democracy
English 03 ahd
demography, demon, epidemic
Dabh, Dabh, Dabhll, Dap : apportion, share,
one's turn or strike in battle, hurt, harm
r
Avestan 03 IEC:129
daivis : deceit
Persian UJ IEC:129; MON:1492
daV : one's turn or strike in a game ( *0 9O ) 9O
daV-talab : one who seeks his turn, volunteer u-JJpqO
W
^
Latin 03ahd;1511
damnum : damage, harm (from a strike)
English 03 ahd
damn, damage, condemn, indemnify
Da 2 | Dayanu
Indo-European 03 pok:175
Del 2 : to flow
DanU: river
^\
y>
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:175; irn:123
danU : river, water
nav-dan : water river (path), gutter'^' See Na 1
danuva : to flow
DanaVO : Danube river
h
Persian LLI irn:123
'
navdan : gutter ^b^b
w
Greek 03 POK:175; IRN:123; MON5:772
DanaO : Danube
This word apparently entered European
languages through Scythians {7th century B.C.)
or Iranian immigrants in Greece.
French
Danube
Persian 03 M0N5:516
vy' -
^
English 03 fsd:652
Danube
AHD derives this through Latin "Danuvius"
Dabh
Dabh
Dabhar
Dabhn
Dai
Dakru
Danu
Dap
see root : Da 1
see root : Da 1
see root: D.b.r
see root : Da 1
see root : Da 1
see root: Akru
see root: Da 2
see root: Da 1
Semitic
~X
UdCjdl : fruit of palm tree, date
W
W
^
Arabic 03 KLN:403; SAP:471
daCjal : inferior date palm
Greek 03 kln:403
daktulus : date
Latin 03ahd:337
dactylus : date
French
datte
Persian 03 mon:1543
daqal : date A$}
English
date 1 -.fruit
Dayanu
see root: DTnu
D.b.r De 2
Semitic 03 kln:406
D.b.r-.tobuzz
Dibber: he spoke
Dabhar: word
Arabic 03 kln:406
dabbur, zunbur:oee
Z.b.n:dee
Hebrew 03 kln:406
Debhorah, Davora:cee,
name of a prophetess in Bible
~~\
Persian 03 fva:180
zanbur:oee
jyl>j
English 03 ahd:340
Deborah, Debbie
Indo-European 03 pok:183
De 1 : to bind, tie
Sanskrit 03 pok:183
daman : bind, trap
Greek 03 pok:183
Persian 03 bqt:817
dam : trap
dein : to bind
dia-dein, dia-dema : a headband tied on two sides ** Dwo
W
^
Latin 03ahd:363
diadema:
Persian 03 BQT:921; MON:1603
dayhim : c
(•eK-*
English 03 kln:440
diadem : crown, royal headband
Indo-European 03 pok:181
Ue £, UO 1 : demonstrative s
W
W
Avestan 03 pok:182
ka-da, ka-tha: when cr kwo
Avestan 03 POK:183; KLN:1622
yeth : at present
yathat : from where
dim : him, her, he, she
dit: it
-da 5 : toward, to
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
t6: to
~X
Persian 03 BQT:1748; HRN:96
kay 1 : when
J
English
to, too
80
Dei Dei
^
W
Indo-European 03 pok:183; ahd
~X
Dei, Deiw, Dyeu, Dye : to shine .used to
describe bright days and heavenly spirits
Avestan
03 POK:185; AHD:1511; BQT:917; SNB:126
daev, daeVOh : the meaning, originally,
was God but later, when Zoroaster
introduced Ahuramazda, old gods were
considered as demons.
Persian UJ hrn:133
ClTv : demon
divaneh : mad
Sanskrit
03 POK:183; AHD
dT, dtp : to shine
Pahlavi
03 BQT:908; SNS:313
depak, debag : a colorful
type of cloth
BQT is not certain about
this derivation.
Persian
03
BQT:908
diba : a
colorful cloth
( r Lo
i *UO ) LO
ru <OUij_i <j jUjO «_X_S jJi
Ferdowsf
£ b 3
cux> 3 <u.p
3 .// d^>
See root
Zay"
for another
possible derivation.
w
Latin 03 ahd
deUS : God
dies : day
jOVis, Julius : from Jupiter
French 03 ah D: 707
journal -.daily paper
I
Persian 03 mon:1778
zornal
«
English 03 ahd:707
journal
English 03 ahd
deity, divine, dial, diary, journey, Jupiter, July, Julian, Julius
Germanic 03 ahd
tiwaZ: god of sky
English
Tuesday
Greek 03 ahd
ZeUS : ruler of the heavens
English 03 ahd
Zeus
81
Deik Deiw
W
Indo-European 03 pok:18
~X
Deik:
Avestan 03 pok:18
daes : to show,
demonstrate
Persian 03 HUB:65; BQT:912
ClTs , QIZ : color, appearance, resemblance
ji? - < ^ ■
Germanic 03 ahd
taikjan : to show
English
teach, token, toe
Latin 03 ahd
digitus : pointer, finger
dTcere : to say, dictate
index : indicator
judex : one who indicates
French
Persian 03 mon
dikteh
diktator
^
English
digit, dictate, index, judge
W
Greek 03 ahd
dikein : to direct an object, throw
French 03 kln:459
h
Persian ffl mon
^
English 03 KLN:433,459
disc, desk, discuss
Deiw
see root.
Dei
Dek Dek
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:189
~X
UGK: take, accept, understand
Avestan 03 POK:189; WLD1:784; SYN:1227
daXS 1 : make things understandable, teach
f ra-daXS-tar : teacher®" Par 1 , Tar 3
daXSta : knowledge, tool
Latin 03ahd
docere : to make things clear, teach (doctor, document)
decere : to be acceptable (decent)
dlSCere : to learn (disciple, discipline)
deCUS : grace (decorate)
dignUS : worth taking (dignity)
Persian 03 POK:189; BRT:667
BQT:827
daXS 1 : trade, occupation
S j±>
French
I
Persian 03 mon
doktor : doctor
dekor : decoration
^
English
doctor, document, decent, disciple, discipline, decorate, dignity
W
Greek 03ahd
dokein : make things
clear, think
French 03 mon:193
orthodoxe
Persian 03 mon:193
OrtodoX : with correct thoughts
tT^yj'
^
English 03 ahd
heterodox, orthodox, paradox
W
^
Indo-European ffl pok:190; ahd:1511
UGKS : right, on the right side
W
W
Avestan
03 POK:190
dasina : right
Pahlavi
03SNS:316
dasn : right
Persian 03 SNS:316; BQT:866
dasn : right side, also the first (daily) sales
dast : the first sales of a business in a day
Latin 03 pok:190; ahd
dexter : on the right
English 03 ahd
dexter, dextro-
83
Dekm Dekm
W
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:191
Dekm : ten
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:191;GPL:41
dasa : ten
aeva-dasa : eleven cr \ 2
tri-dasa : thirteen ®"Trei
XSyaS-dasa: sixteen ; ^Swsks
nava-dasa : nineteen ^Nswn
Pahlavi 03 bqt
dah : ten
yacdah : eleven
Slkdah : thirteen
Sancdah : s/xteen
navasdah : nineteen
Persian 03
BQT
dah
yazdah
sTzdah
sanzdah
nuzdah
oijy
Avestan / Old Persian 03 GPL41; pok:191
Saiti 1 , Sat : a suffix meaning ten
Vi-Saiti:(wen(y®"wi
thri-Sat -.thirty ®"Trei
Catvare-Sat : forty cr Kwstwsr
panca-Sat : My®" Psnkws
Persian 03gpl:41;BQT
°WH< (M< j-
Avestan / Old Persian 03 GPL41; pok:191
-iti, -ti : a suffix meaning ten
XSVaS-ti : s/x(y®"Sw8ks
hapta-iti : seventy^ Septm
asta-iti:e/ghfy®"Okto
nava-iti : ninety^ Nswn
Persian 03 GPL41
•^ *■) i ^WW& t ^X*JJb t '1' yjft
^
^
Germanic 03 ahd
tehun, tehan:
English
ten, teen
Latin 03 AHD:352; POK:191
decern, den: fen
decimUS : tenth
duo-decem : twelve ®"Dwo
French 03 ahd
deca : ten
deci : tenth
douzaine : dozen
Persian 03 MON:1572; VOP:167
deka-
desT-
dojin
\*
English
deci-, decimal, dime, December, dozen
^
Latin 03aHD:352;
den-arillS : a silver coin
worth ten bronze "asses".
W
Greek 03ahd:370
denarion
Pahlavi
03 BQT:916
denar : an old
monetary unit
Arabic
03 AHD:370
dinar
Persian UJ bqt:916
dinar : an old monetary unit
j
lio
English 03 AHD:370; KLN:450
Dinar
v*
^
Greek 03 ahd
deka:
English
deca-, decade
Dekm Deks
Indo-European 03 pok:191
Dekm : ten
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
Indo-European 03 ahd
Dkm-tom, Kmtom:
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:191, 192
Sata, Satam : hundred
dve-sate, duye-saite : two hundred®" dwo
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:147
dwyst : two hundred
Persian 03 bqt
Sad : hundred X&
deVISt : two hundred C-wU O
Greek 03 ahd
hektaton : hundred
French
hectare : a unit of area®"*
Persian 03 mon:5159
hectar : hecfare M$Jt,
^
English 03ahd:609
hectare
V*
English
hectO- : hundred
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
hundan : hundred
English
hundred
Latin 03 ahd
centum, centenarium : hundred
per-Centum : by hundred
French
Persian 03 mon:1810
santimetr JUJjL
pursantaz jhjLjy
English 03 ahd
centimeter
V k
W
Greek 03vdQ:352
kentmnarion : of a hundred
English
cent, century, percent, centenary, centennial
Wl
Aramaic 03 VDQ:352
W
Arabic ffl mon:2734
qentar : a unit (100 dinars) for measuring large amounts of jewelry.
^
^
Persian 03 mon:2734
qentar : a measure or container of valuables ( «JpU^) j tU^ft
Deks
see root.
Dek
Del Dem
Indo-European 03 pok:197; knt:190
Del, Dlgho: ,u
~X
V
Avestan 03 POK:197; BQT:829; SNS:324
daraga, daraga, drajah : long
drang : hesitation
Sanskrit 03 SNS:182
dirga : late
Persian 03 POK:197; BQT:829,841; SNS:182
deraz : long
dir : late
derang : length of time, hesitation
Old Persian 03 knt:190
darga : long
Germanic 03 ahd
langaz : long
English
long, belong, along
Latin 03 ahd
longUS : long
English
oblong, prolong, longitude
W
Indo-European 03 pok:198
Dem, Domu:/( se
~X
Avestan 03 POK:199; KNT:302
demana, nmana, man 3: house
garo-demana : prayer house,
sky ^Gwsr 2
I
Pahlavi 03
BQT:894,1949
man : house
dutak-man
: smoke house.
Family members who sit
around a fire^^ Dheu 2
Persian 03 SNS:239
man : house
dCidman : family
fc
Persian 03 bqt:1793
'
garzman : sky
d^jj
w
w
Old Persian 03 knt:202
mana 2 : house
manya : domestic, house servant
Latin 03 ahd
dominUS : lord of the house
domina : lady of the house
French 03 ahd:782
ma-dame : my lady
L
h
Persian ffl mon:3681
'
madam M^U
w
V*
Italian 03 OEW:58
don : lord
donna, ma-donna: lady.mylady
English 03 ahd:782
Madame
English 03 OEW:58
Madonna
English 03 ahd
dome, domestic, domain, dominate, condominium, danger, dungeon
^► [Germanic
^
English 03 ahd
timber
Dema Denu
W
Indo-European 03 pok:199; kln:442
~X
Dema:
to tame and domesticate animals
Avestan 03 bqt:817
daman 1 : domestic
animals
Persian 03 KLN:1569; POK:199; BQT:817
dam : domestic animals ' A}
^
Greek 03ahd
daman : to tame, conquer
a-damaS : unconquerable, hard stone
Pahlavi
03 BQT:159; MON:342
almas : hards
Persian
almas : diamond
■J*
U
w
Latin 03 AHD:364; KLN:442
adamas, diamas: hard stone
English
diamond
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
tamaz : tame
English
tame
Indo-European 03 pok:201
Denk:to(j/te
~X
Avestan
03 POK:201; BQT:884; SYN:138
danta : tooth
daitika : wild (biting) animals
Sogdian 03 S0D:145
dt : wild (biting) animal
Persian 03 BQT:884; BRT:653; HRN:120
dandan : tooth
dandeh : rib
dad : wild animal
ijji
ii
f^afiJ-^afiar^ge*
^
Germanic 03 ahd
tangUS : tongs
tanhuz : holding tight
teng : spiky
English
tongs
tough
zinc
Denu
see root: DTnu
Deph | Deph
Indo-European 03 pok:203
Deph : to stamp
V.
I -Greek B3ahd
diphtera : prepared hide,
leather used to write on
BQT:870 indicates that this word may
have been derived from Sumerian "Dub".
V
Arabic
03 HJB:329; KLN:487
daftar : record,
record book
French 03 kln:452
Cliphterie : membrane, a lung disease
I
V
^
Latin B3ahd
Ntera : the text written on animal skin, letter
^\
Persian 03 bqt:869
daftar : record book
jSii
Hafez
> y£$ jJi JL&£ tj* jJi <6
h
Persian 03 mon:1593
dlfterf : diphtheria tjjjj}
English 03 ahd
diphtheria
English
letter, literature
Der 1 Der 1
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:206; ieC:165
~X
Der 1, Dero, Drtis, Drtos
to split, to tear
Avestan
03 POK:206; SYN:565
dar 1 , dareta : to spin
nTs-dar : a sharp tool
for tearing ^^ Neks
Pahlavi
03 SYN:565
daritan
to tear
dart : pain
nes-tar
a sharp,
pointed tool^^ Neks
Persian
03 BQT:848;
POK:206; SYN:565
daridan : to tear iP'-'J'*
dard : pain i ji
nisdar : a tool for cutting ( jl&J ) j jjij
Attar £-*jJj JjU ^ J-^/* ^V
Avestan 03 pok:208
dereta : cuts, harvests
deretO : cut, mown
Persian 03 POK:208; HRN:124
dero : harvest e, p
dorudan : to harvest iP.3 J"*
Sa'df L^jJi /J^ibftj*- Cm yxi -{£y*£v-^ Ay fu*U y*
Persian UJ I EC: 165
QUI : animal skin used for carrying water lJ9^
MON & BQT derive this word from Arabic
V
Avestan 03 pok:206
darena : a cut in earth,
h
Persian ffl BQT:845; HUB:62; HRN:124
'
darreh : vaiiey op
Indo-European 03 pok:211; ieC:159
Drep, Drop, Drap, DrapSeS : a piece of cloth, banner
w
Avestan
03 SYN:396; POK:211; IEC:159
drafsa, drafso : banner
Persian 03 BQT:838; HRN:123
derafS : /banner Y ii ,,>
^ ,'jLii
jMji ^Uap j ^U-> ^U>ji
W
Latin 03 AHD; IEC:159
drappus : c/ofn
English
drape
Germanic 03 ahd
teran : to tear
English
tear 2 : to pull apart
Greek 03 ahd
der-ma : skin
English
derma, -derm, derma : related to skin
pachyderm : thick-skinned an/ma/s^*" Bhengh
Der 2 Dero
Indo-European 03 pok:205
Der 2 , Deru 2
Avestan 03 pok:205
draonah : travel goods
Germanic 03 ahd
tred : to step
Greek 03 ahd
dromOS : a course, path
~~\
h
Persian ffl HRN:274; BQT:844 ?
'
darun : a Zoroastrian prayer ' A« O
English
tread, trade, trap, trip
English
-drome, syndrome
Indo-European 03 pok:218
Derk:
W
Greek
03 KLN:480,1574
drakoon : a serpent
with devil eyes
v*
Arabic 03 KLN:1554; TAD:49
tarXUn : an aromatic bushy plant
Greek
03 KLN:1574
tarxun
Latin
Persian 03 mon
tarXUn : tarragon
o*v
English
tarragon : an aromatic herb
^
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:480
dracu, dracunem : dragon
French
English
dragon
Dero
see root: Der 1
90
Deru 1 Deru 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:214
~X
Deru 1
: wood, tree, to be firm
Avestan ffl POK:214; KLN:1644; SNS:318; ETM:65
dm, dauru, derezda, draxta:free, wood
darug : medicine from plants
^
Persian 03 BQT:809,843; HRN:116; FVF:256
ETM:65; FSF:177
dorud 1 : wood
dorudgar, dorga:
wood worker, carpenter
$>il>
dar 2 : wood
r >
darkub : woodpecker
u->y jO
deraxt : tree
<zSj^
darU : medicine
( <Gl> 5 jl
> ) 3p
Ferdowsf -^)5^
d\y Vj? j'j'j-** -
-^JJ '
o'r\.P
X> iy/J
See "Dher 1" for another possible root of "daru:medicine"
w
Persian ffl fvf:256
dariyeh : a wood frame, a tambourine with wood rim
«*;'■
W
Arabic
03 FVF:256
daf : tambourine
Persian ffl bqt:869
daf : tambourine
35
Sandaf : domestic tambourine ^Gwhen 1
wJJwM«
See "Dup" for another possible root
V
Avestan 03 POK:214; ETM:65
drva : healthy, sound
Upa-draVB : to good health, good-bye *" U po
drva-asti : healthy body
drUW-ista : healthiest^ Isto
Persian UJ POK:214,216; BQT:840,842,843
dorud 2:
bedriid : goodbye
dorOSt : healthy, right
V
Old Persian 03 knt:190
dam : wood
asa-daru : stone wood, hard wood, ebony ^°Ak
Sanskrit 03 pok:214
dfUna : made of wood
Greek 03 IEC:161
driJS : oak
en-drUOn : yoke peg
Persian 03 BQT:854; HRN:124; FRS:217
daruneh : bow, rainbow e ^3J- >
Kasar ^ijjitjjj} ^y> 3 ~*ZJ& 'jy _ J_Xu oO ,U_ > ^3— > 3 1— *>
Germanic 03 ahd
English
tree, true, tray, truth, trust, trim
Latin 03 ahd
durUS : hard, long lasting
English
duration
91
Deru 1 Deru 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:214
~X
Deru 1
: wood, tree, to be firm
Avestan ffl POK:214; KLN:1644; SNS:318; ETM:65
dm, dauru, derezda, draxta:free, wood
darug : medicine from plants
^
Persian 03 BQT:809,843; HRN:116; FVF:256
ETM:65; FSF:177
dorud 1 : wood
dorudgar, dorga:
wood worker, carpenter
$>il>
dar 2 : wood
r >
darkub : woodpecker
u->y jO
deraxt : tree
<zSj^
darU : medicine
( <Gl> 5 jl
> ) 3p
Ferdowsf -^)5^
d\y Vj? j'j'j-** -
-^JJ '
o'r\.P
X> iy/J
See "Dher 1" for another possible root of "daru:medicine"
w
Persian ffl fvf:256
dariyeh : a wood frame, a tambourine with wood rim
«*;'■
W
Arabic
03 FVF:256
daf : tambourine
Persian ffl bqt:869
daf : tambourine
35
Sandaf : domestic tambourine ^Gwhen 1
wJJwM«
See "Dup" for another possible root
V
Avestan 03 POK:214; ETM:65
drva : healthy, sound
Upa-draVB : to good health, good-bye *" U po
drva-asti : healthy body
drUW-ista : healthiest^ Isto
Persian UJ POK:214,216; BQT:840,842,843
dorud 2:
bedriid : goodbye
dorOSt : healthy, right
V
Old Persian 03 knt:190
dam : wood
asa-daru : stone wood, hard wood, ebony ^°Ak
Sanskrit 03 pok:214
dfUna : made of wood
Greek 03 IEC:161
driJS : oak
en-drUOn : yoke peg
Persian 03 BQT:854; HRN:124; FRS:217
daruneh : bow, rainbow e ^3J- >
Kasar ^ijjitjjj} ^y> 3 ~*ZJ& 'jy _ J_Xu oO ,U_ > ^3— > 3 1— *>
Germanic 03 ahd
English
tree, true, tray, truth, trust, trim
Latin 03 ahd
durUS : hard, long lasting
English
duration
91
Dhars Dhe 1
Indo-European 03 pok:259
Dhars, Dhers: to dare
^\
W
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:259; SYN:1149; KNT:190
dars : dare, to be bold
darsam : boidiy
Persian
03 HRN:122; BQT:837
dorOSt : large, rough cj" p
POK:216 derives this from the
Indo-European root "Deru 1:wood, firm".
Old High German 03 ahd
tar : dare
English
dare
Latin 03 ahd
infestare : to disturb
English
infest, manifest
W
Indo-European 03 pok:241
A
UnG 1 : to suckle milk, to produce
UnG~mna : one who gives milk, nurse
Compare with the root "Dheugh: to milk"
Avestan 03 pok:241
daenu : female
Persian 03 BQT:822; HRN:119
dayeh : baby sitter, nurse ij\}
daye : mother's brother j|^
W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:242 !►
dan6 : grain
danaxe : grain
W
V*
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:134,136
d'n:seed
d yh : female servant
Persian 03 bqt:820
daneh : grain ij\}
dang : one sixth of the property lSJO
Latin 03 ahd
femina : female
filiuS: son
fe-tUS : offspring
English
female
affiliation
fetus
93
Dhe 2 I Dhe 2
W
W
Indo-European 03 ahd:1512; pok:235
Dhe 2: to do, set
Avestan 03 pok:235
ma[n]dz-dha : done learning, imss t **Men 1
ahura-mazdha : wise spirit (GorfJ^An 1, Men 1
Avestan 03 BQT:169,418; POK:238
daman 2 : *ue
han-dama :jju( togefter, shape^Ssm
paiti-dama : protection for body^ Pa
W
Pahlavi
handam ; ffgure
pa-dam, panum : a cloth mouthpiece
worn to protect the holy fire
W
Avestan 03 POK:235; HRN:236; KNT:168; FFD:52
data 1 , da 1 : to put, set
ni-da : to put down, lay down, also to hide Ni 1
Upa-ni-da : hidden ®"upo
apa-dana : the concealed part of a palace ^Apo
W
Avestan 03 pok:238
dhana : vessel, holder, pot
gao-dana, gao-di : milk container'^' Gwou
Sogdian 03 SQP:174
gwd'k -.container
W
Avestan 03 POK:235; FFD:52
da 2 : to settle, to give
dat6, data 3 : that which is settled, law
datO-Vare : carrier of judgment, judge
^Bher 1
W
^
Pahlavi 03 hrn:127
dast-War -.judge, priest
datastan : law, a legal case (story)
NYB:59 claims "dastwar" from Avestan "dah:to teach"
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Persian 03 kln:1095
Mazda : wise (God) b y>
Ahuramazda : God by> |, -&|
Persian 03 mon:813
andam : body, shape
panam : a protective mouthpiece
panamTdan : to prevent, deprive
fa
Persian G3 bqt:221 1,2214
nahadan : to do ( ^ ) ^i$j
nahan : covered, hidden ( i")**-* ) l)U3
apadana : the throne room bbl)l
Persian ffl bqt:818
dan : vessel, holder
(o'"^? <o'"^3 <&^'> £>'•* ■
Note that "-dan" in Persian "nav-dan: water gutter",
is from a different root {see Da 2 ).
Persian 03
BQT:807,814,821
; HRN:118
NYB:60
dad -justice
< 0"J^ '
AwOO
I wOO
) ib
davar -.judge
referee
J3
b
NYB:60 derives
"dad" from "dadan:to give one's right"
Persian ffl bqt:862
dastUf : story, priest, agenda
)&***>*>
dastan : story ( ^h-o ) ^L*b
Dhe 2 Dhehem
W
Indo-European 03 ahd:1512; pok:235
Dhe 2: to do, set
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03 ahd
tithenai : to put
apo-tithenai : to put away, store
para-en-tithenai : to put in besides^ En
thema : thing placed
French
03 AHD:156,1334
botica : gift store
paranthese,
these, theme
Persian
03 MON:625,1076,1137
butlk : gift
store
lXo^>
parantez
: parenthesis
j^U
tern, tez
subject
ji'fi
English 03 AHD:156,1334
boutique, theme, thesis, parenthesis
W
W
Germanic 03 ahd
d6n : to do
English 03 ahd
do, deed
Latin 03 ahd
facere : to do, make
facjes: shape, face
Opi-facium: work to do, office ^Op
facilis : that which can be done
English
-fy , fortify, modify
fact, benefit, defeat, perfect, profit
factor, factory, affect, .effect^ face, surface
office
facility, difficult, faculty
W
Indo-European 03 kln:573
Dhe-mO, Dh-mO: house (something built or done)
c
Latin 03 kln:573
famul, famulus, familia : belonging to the house
English 03 kln:573
family, familiar
W
^
Sanskrit 03 kln:573
dhaman : seat house
Dhedh
see root: Atos
Indo-European 03 IEC:178
~X
Dhedh 2:
Persian ffl mon:1499
dadeh : maid servant, i
W
^
Greek 03 I EC: 178
tethe 2 : r,
Dhegh
Dhehem
see root: Dhogh
see root: Ghdhem
Dheigh | Dheigh
W
^
Indo-European 03 POK:244; KNT:191; CEL3:203
~x
Dheigh, Dhigha : to form out of clay, to knead clay or dough
Old Persian 03 HRN:133; KNT:191; IEC:191
dida, dega-vara : clay wa//®" war 3
L
h
Persian 03 bqt:918
divar:wa// j|-o
Sogdian 03 S0D:151
dyz' : fort
Avestan 03 pok:244
daeza : wall, fortification
V
h
Persian 03 BQT:851; MON5:528
'
del: fort < j'->J-> <CAiJ-> > J->
dez-pol : strong bridge ( Jy ji ) Jj ji
Avestan 03 pok:244
pairi-daeza : with waits
around it (garden) ^^ Per 1
^
Persian UJ BQT:359; MON:680
palTz, jalTz : melon farm V-JW < V-J^
Asadt £ j jU- j| j. JjJIj S\i £, . Jji ^xS ^b ^J,JJ ^Uj
w
Greek 03ahd:950
paradeisOS : garden, park
Old Persian 03 HUB:65; KLN:469
daika :c/aypo(
Germanic 03 ahd
daigaz : dough
d I g : one who kneads dough, lady of the house
Latin 03 ahd
figura : result of kneading, shape
Persian 03 bqt:1455
pardTs, ferdoWS: heaven ^yiji i ( ^ji j)
English
paradise
h
Persian ffl BQT:912,914; KLN:469
'
dig ( tfty ) &p
English
dough
lady, dairy
English
figure, fiction
Dhem Dhen
W
Indo-European 03 pok:247
~X
UnGm : to make vapor, raise dust
Avestan 03 pok:247
dam : to blow, breathe
da-dhmainya : / inflate, breathe
h
Persian ffl POK:247; BQT:876,877; HRN:127
'
dam : breath, air, vapor, weather
P
damTdan : to blow, breathe
£}»LyO
dama : weather, heat
lo
Damavand : a mountain (with vapor)
AylO
BQT:878 derives "Damavand" from the root
'Dumb".
^► [Germanic
^
English 03 POK:248; KLN:399
damp, dim
Dhe-mna
Dhe-mo
see root : Dhe 1
see root: Dhe 2
^
Indo-European 03 pok:249
Dhen, Dhont
: to flow, run around
Sanskrit 03 pok:249
dhan : to r
v*
^
Latin B3ahd
font : spring, fountain
Persian UJ BQT:888; POK:249; HRN:128; FSF:88; MON:1562
danTdan : to runjoyfully
dan '.joyful shouting
danan : running, excited
Fsrdowst o) j JJJiSjS jj ^)\ii j ^lO _ aU j^Zy*" au*" jJol J
English
fountain
Dher 1 Dher 1
W
^
Indo-European 03 pok:252
~X
Dher 1 : to hold firmly, keep
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:252
dar 2, dr-. to hold
W I Pahlavi 03 F
dastan : to have
pad-en-dastan : to take, consider
Persian
03 BQT:810
FFD:43
-dar 3 :
i suffix meaning owner,
holder
r ;b-
dastan
to have, own
,'jJmwIJi
pendastan : to think,
consider
<M>
,'j.ImAjIJwO
Persian ffl BQT:840; HRN:116,123
darman : cure
daru : medicine
ETM:65 suggests a different root for "daru:medicine". See Deru 1
W
Avestan 03 BQT:1055; HRN:117
Zaend-Uara: hold your weapon, beware^ Ghei 2
Persian UJ bqt:1055
Zenhaf: beware jujow )W5j
Avestan 03 POK:252,258
dereza : to hold together, close, tighten
Persian UJ hrn:122
CEL3:254; MON:1510
dafZ. : seam
< 'JP > JP
darZI : tailor
<3jj>
darzman : thread
d^jp
darzan : needle
Ojj->
w
Avestan 03 BQT:170; HRN:122
han-dareza : pull together, unite, fortify^" Sam 1
Persian 03 bqt:170
andarz : advice j.Jji
Old Persian 03 ahd:335
dar : to hold
darayat-Vahu : he holds goodness ®"Su 1
Sogdian 03 SQP:135
d r : to hold, have
Persian 03 BQT:813; TZF:13
Darius : Darius, king of Persia
J'yJ*
yljta < Ijta
darabgard : -city of Darab ,,cr Kwev
ij£>ljb
Sanskrit 03 pok:252
dhar-.tohold, keep
bhaga-dhara : holder of happiness^" Bhag
W
Hindustani 03 hjb:49; kln:140
bahaudur : a title of respect in India
Mongolian 03 hjb
bahadur:(jrare
Persian
03 HJB:49; BQT; MON
bahador : brave
j->Wi
Latin 03ahd
l
firmUS : firm, strong
Greek 03ahd
thomUS : support, seat
English 03 ahd
firm, farm, confirm
English
throne
Dher 2 Dheu 1
Indo-European 03 pok:251
~X
Dher 2, Dherabh, Dhrabh: to make muddy, unclear, dark
Dhragh 2 :to confuse, disturb
Avestan 03 pok:252
driwi 1 : dark birth mark
Germanic 03 ahd
derk : dark
English
dark
Greek 03 ahd
traXUS : disturbing, rough
Latin
French
Persian 03 mon:1058
taraXOm : trachoma
f> ] S
^
English
trachoma
Dherabh
Dhers
see root: Dher 2
see root: Dhars
Indo-European 03 pok:259
Dheu 1 -.tofiow
^\
Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:54
daw:
Sanskrit 03 POK:259
dhav:
Germanic 03 ahd
dauwaz : dew
Pahlavi
03 POK:259; FFD:54
davitan :
Persian 03 BQT:902; HRN:130
davTdan : to run AJj o
p\^ t clip / p
English
dew
Dheu 2 Dheu 2
W
^
W
Indo-European 03 pok:262
~X
DheU 2, DPlU, Dhll-bh: smoke, mist, dizziness, dull color
Avestan
03 POK:262
dvaidi 1 : smoke
Pahlavi
03 HRN:129; POK:262; BQT:894
dud : smoke
dutak-man : smoke house, also
family members sitting around
fire in their house ^^ Dem
Persian 03 BQT:894; HRN:129
dlid : smoke
>i>
diideh : soot
ii^i
dudman : family
0^-V
Ferdowsf
Avestan 03 POK:262; brt:6
dav 1 -.press
dvaidi 2 : we both press
Neither POK nor BRT are
certain about this derivation
Avestan 03 bqt:172
han-davathe : pressed
together, depressed.
®"Sem1
Persian UJ bqt:172
andlih : sorrow
anduhgm : sorry
Greek 03 ahd; kln:1670
tuphein : to make smoke
tuphos : smoke
tuphun : typhoon
Latin
French
Persian 03mon:1181
tlfUS : typhus ^ek**
tlfoid : typhoid J»jyu3
V*
English 03 ahd
typhus, typhoid
W
Arabic ffl KLN:1670; SKT:581
tufan : hurricane, typhoon
Persian ffl mon:2240
tufan : typhoon, rain /iliaJs*
Hafez CUJiLjo $ j—~> J^-M-p ^L3a_L> <Gj<3
V k
English ffl SKT:581
typhoon
KLN:1670 derives it from a Chinese root but indicates
that it is influenced by the Arabic word "tufan".
^
L
^
Latin 03 ahd
fumUS : smoke
English
fume, perfume
Germanic 03 ahd
English
dizzy, deaf, dumb, dull, deer, dust, dove
100
Dheu 3 | Dheugh
Indo-European 03 pok:261
DheU 3 :to shine
~~\
W
W
^
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:261; BQT:172,1008; FFD:32,58
dav 2,du : to wipe, clean
han-du, ham-du : to smear togefher®"Sem 1
uz-davayati, uz-du : wipes off
Persian 03 bqt:1008
andudan : to smear, mix
ZOdudan : to wipe out
( (jb; , bj ) o^^j
Sanskrit 03 pok:261
dhav:
W
Indo-European 03 POK:271,277; WLD:847,868
~x
Dheugh, Dhugh
: to milk
Compare with the root "Dhe 1:to suckle milk"
Iranian 03 POK:271; SYN:386
dhaug, daux, dauxs : to milk
W
Pahlavi 03 hrn:129
duxtan, doxtan : to milk
dusitan : to milk
Persian 03 BQT:892,899; POK:271; SYN:386; AEF:273; FFD:54
f A.
dusidan : to milk ( J*pjJi J J*p ) ^±Jip
duSIZeh : "milker" of the family. See "doxtar" o'j^O
duxtan 2:tomilk
dug : diluted yogurt
"dusfzeh" has lost its original meaning as "milker" and,
in some prints of this poem, has been changed to "dusandegan"
W
Indo-European 03 SHP:329; POK:277; WLD:868
DhUgh-tar : milker (of the family), daughter' 3 ' Jev 3
W
Avestan 03 KLN:404; POK:277; BQT:333
dugeda, dugdar: daughter (m/»<er)
baga-dugdar : God's daughter®" Bhag
a-Zarema-dligeda : non-aging woman
®'Ger2
Persian UJ BQT:333,826; WLD:868
doxtar : daughter, girl
BTdoxt : "daughter of God"
AzarmTdoxt : "ageless woman"
Germanic 03 ahd; pei:45
dohter, dohtor
English
daughter
^
Sanskrit ffl cel3:321
duhl-tar : one who milks the cow, daughter
101
Dheye | Dheye
^,
^
Indo-European 03 pok:243
Dheye: to see
~x
4-Avestan
03 POK:243; BQT:373,910; SOD:421
da 3, day, dai, dktosee
Vaena 2 : observer
Upa-d I ta : apparent^ Upg
daeman : eye
Pahlavi 03 BQT:74,373,910
dTtan : to see
adenak : mirror
pa-dTt : apparent
deman : appearance
HUB:38 claims "pa-dit"
was first formed in
Pahlavi.
Persian 03 bqt:74,910,915
dTdan : to see i3JwO
oJjJj i iIJjJj i JjJj , iX>\
dim, d\meU: light t^ii ,-j}
j>d <wp (J\a'j ?w> <o aSjijj
Zartosht-Nameh
Old Persian 03 KNT:191; AEF:322; FFD:55
dT, day, wai, vae : to see
Vae-na, Vaina : observer
vainahiy:/f;see
ven-am, vaenami:/see
adhi-Vaina : ornament
w
Pahlavi 03 bqt:340
ven-ak, ven-ag : one sees
adhvenak : ornament
Persian
03 BQT:29,340; SNS:291; AEF:80
bina : one who sees ( i*i-0 ) WJ
azin : ornament *j ^ I
ai n : ceremony, customs ( 4Jo I Jb ) 'j^J I
adineh : day of "ornaments", Friday <U*0 I
SOG:17 derives "azfn" from "azfdan:to sew".
^
W
W
Sanskrit 03 pok:243
dhi : to see, to think
dhyanah : seeing mentally
Pahlavi
03 BQT:558
gyan, jan: sou/
Persian UJ HUB:49; BQT:558
jan : soul, life ( jy\^ ) J^
HRN:93 derives this from AV "dhay:to see"
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:243; KNT:191; FFD:33
dais : to show, think
ham-dais-a : to think c '
Pahlavi 03 ffd:33
handes : thought
Persian 03 ffd:33
andisidan : to think
Avestan 03 pok:243
daena : insight, religion
Pahlavi
03 BQT:916
din : religion
V
Persian ffl BQT:916; MON:1597; FSF:191
CiTn 1 : religion
i JkJAi ^jJ>b ;
i*S .
V
j** -^h vy b ^ tf* ° - l?« ^ 3 w- 1 j.r
Ferdowsf
iL)
,^
w
^
Sogdian
03 SOD:148,421
Wyn : to see
dyn, dynU : religion
dyn-d' r : religious
Greek 03 pok:243; ahd
Sema : things seen, signs
Arabic 03 bqt:916
FVQ:131
din 1 : religion
FVQ:132 claims Arabic borrowed "dm 1"
from Iranian and "dm 2:
judgment day"
from Aramaic. See root
'Dmu".
Persian 03 fva:148
Arabic 03 VDQ:275
SI ma : sign, symbol
Persian UJ mon:1983
Sima:s/gn, face
U>*.MJ
English 03 ahd
semantics
102
Dhigha | Dh-mo
Dhigha
see root: Dheigh
Indo-European 03 IEC:191
DhTS: village, earth ?
W
Avestan / Old Persian 03 syn:1302; knt:190; brt:706
dahyu, dainhU: land, country
^
w
Pahlavi
03 BQT:902; SNS:242
deh, dih: village
W
Avestan 03 knt:208
Persian 03 SYN:1302; BQT:902; MON:1585; TZF:13
d0h 2 : village, country ( <W ) 0^
dehat : villages ( J^i ) oUi
dehgan : villager, farmer ( J[jA} ) J&&}
UQUXOUd : owner or ruler of a village (^O) \jjx&}
JjtO
<si l5).3j ^ J^o -&3 /jjj
Visa-dahyu, VlSpa-dahyU : for all provinces ®"wi
Dh-mo
see root: Dhe2
103
Dhogh | Dhogh
W
Indo-European 03 pok:240
~X
DPlOgh, Dhetjh: to heat, burn
Avestan 03 POK:240; BQT:815, 827
daga, dagah: hot
daXSa : burnt
daxma : place for burning the dead
h
Persian 03 fsf:173
'
dag : hot
'&
daXS 2 : dark
r J*>
daxmeh : tomb
<oi>i
ji3u oJJ-Ji^)
d^j-
<0 jijbuS
Ferdowst ^*JO eivwjij
'yCiJrj2>
/. )3J 0^"
w
Avestan 03 ahm:181,192
daxs 2, rax, rak : to hurt (bum)
fra-daXSana : a device to hurt or
strike from a distance, sling^^ Per 1
Persian 03 AHM:192; MON:2564
falaxon : sung ( ^>Jj ( ^UAii ( ^y>Xi ) ^Xi
^
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:139
dgm'y -.grove
Avestan 03 NYB:217; KLN:404
dazaiti : to burn
Vi-daz:tomeff®"wi
Persian 03 MON:3199; BQT:1777
godazTdan : to burn, melt ( jljSil^ ) Ajjjljj
)Ij5
4^ ,
jlJ3 ^ jy^ )•"* ^ Xm^ wO ****£ j
Compare with derivations from root "Teku 1:to flow, run"
Latin 03ahd
febris : few
English
fever
Germanic 03 kln:404
dagaz : day
English
day, dawn
Indo-European 03 IEC:379,407; POK:399
Geulo, Guel, Gul, Guheguh: coat
w
Avestan
03 HRN:163; BQT:1150; IEC:379,407
skarana, skairya : coat
Persian UJ BQT:1026,1150; HRN:163; MON
sekar:coa/ (j'Sj,)^
ZOgal : coal ( J^j ( J^ ( JUj ) JUi
SekarU : cooked on charcoal ajlX<« < U )\X<« < q )\X<«
Sekar ahanj : /ran too/ for barbecuing m±& \ ,(£*,
Suzanf Samarqandt
W
^
Germanic 03 pok:399; ieC:407
chol, kolo, kolam:coa/
English 03 ahd
coal
104
Dhont | Dhugh-tar
Dhont
Dhrabh
see root: Dhen
see root: Dher2
^
Indo-European 03 pok:257
A
Dhragh 1, Dhreg:to P »//
Russian 03 ahd:400
drozki :
h
Persian LLI MON:1511; BQT:837
'
ClOrOSkeh : horse driven carriage ^SJ" O
English
droshky
Germanic 03 ahd
dragan : to draw
English
draw, drag, draft
Germanic 03 ahd
drinkan : draw into the mouth
English
drink, drown
Dhragh 2
Dhreg
see root: Dher2
see root: Dhragh 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:276
DhreUgh : to deceive
^\
Avestan 03 POK:276; BQT:845; SNS:324
draoga.drauga : a tie, a demon
dragvant, drvant : one who likes lies, atheist.
w
Pahlavi 03 BQT:846; SNS:324,325
dr6g : a lie
drUVand : non-believer
Persian
03 BQT:846; SNS:324; BQT:845; TZF:22
doriig : a lie
dorvand : atheist
w
L
^
Old Persian 03 knt:191
dUTUJ : lie, deceive
Germanic 03 ahd
drauma : illusion, i
English
dream
Dhrugh
Dhu
Dhu-bh
Dhugh
Dhugh-tar
see root: Dhwer
see root: Dheu 2
see root: Dheu 2
see root: Dheugh
see root: Dheugh
105
Dhumbhma Dibber
Dhumbhma
see root: Dumb
Indo-European 03 IEC:224
Dhus
: whir, whirring object, spindle
w
^
Latin 03 IEC:224
flJSUS : spindle
POK:448 derives this word from root "Gheu 1 : to pour".
Persian UJ IEC:224
dCik -.spindle OO
W
Indo-European 03 pok:278; knt:191
~X
Dhwer, Dhrugh, Dhwor :
Avestan / Old Persian
03 BQT:828; KNT:191
dvar, duvara : door
Persian 03 bqt; fvf:98,240
darband : "enclosed area'^Bhendhe <^>J^
bandar: "enclosed area", seaport^^ Bhendhe ( pw) jJJo
W
Sogdian 03 SQP:138
dbr: door
W
Arabic 03 fvf:240
darb : gate
h
Persian 03 mon:1503
darb : door l _ >0
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
dumnz : door
English
door
Greek 03ahd:1343
thura : door
thuroides : door shaped (gland)
French
h
Persian ffl mon:1178
'
tiroid : thyroid ^jtf
^
English
thyroid
v*
^
Latin 03 ahd
foris, foras : outdoors, c
English 03 ahd
forest, foreign
Dhwor
Di
Dibber
see root: Dhwer
see root : Da 1
see root: D.b.r
106
Dinghw | Dinghw
W
Indo-European 03 POK:223; PRT:335; KNT:211
~x
Dinghw, Dnghu, Ghu 2, Ghua
tongue
Avestan 03 PRT:335; SYN:230; KNT:21 1,214
ZaV 1 , Zba : call
hJZU, hizva: tongue
^,
( 'Pahlavi
W
Sogdian ffl sod:91
ZD K : tongue
Old Persian 03 knt:21 1,214
Zba : call
hizana, hazana: tongue
Sanskrit 03knt:211
hu, hva:ca//
jihva : tongue
Germanic 03 ahd
tlingon : tongue
Latin 03 ahd
dingua, lingua : tongue,
Persian
03 PRT:335; BQT:1003; BRT:1815; IEC:409,410; MON
Zaban : tongue,
hoZVan : tongue
ok)
English
tongue
English
language
107
DTnu Do 1
Akkadian 03 BQT:916; KLN:399
DTnU, Denii : law, right, judgment
Dayanu:j»d g e
^ I Aramaic 03 bqt:
916; KLN:399
dTn : to rule
medhinah : district of a governor, province
W
Arabic ffl BQT:916; FVQ:131
ClTn 2 '.judgment
yawm-ed-din : day of judgment
dayn : debt
FVQ:132 claims Arabic "dfn:religion" is borrowed from
Iranian while "dfn:day of judgment" is borrowed from
Aramaic and passed into Iranian languages. See root "Dheye".
V
W
Arabic 03 kln:399
madineh : city
tamaddon : civilization
^
Hebrew 03 KLN:399; BQT:916
dTn: to judge
dan -.judge
DanT-el : God is my judge ** Layh
"~X
Persian
ffl FVA:148; MON:1597
din 2 '.judgment day
V
dayn : debt
V
See root "Dheye"
for "dm: religion".
Persian 03 mon; fva:379
madineh : city tXiXn
English
Dan, Daniel
D km -torn
Dlgho
see root: Dekm
see root: Del
Semitic 03 kln:419
U . I . I : to hang down, languish
<+
W
Arabic ffl kln:419
uZ.I.I, Z.I.I : to be low, humble, poor
Hebrew ffl kln:419
delllah : thin, delicate, amorous
^
Persian UJ fva:150
Zalll : weak, humiliated
cJi
Persian 03 MON5:526
Dal lien : the mistress of Samson
<dJi
English 03 KLN:419; WEB:480
Delilah
Dnghu
Do1
see root: Dinghw
see root: De2
108
Do 2 Dolmak
W
Indo-European 03 pok:223
~X
Do 2
to give, create
Avestan / Sanskrit 03 bqt:121; pok:223,225
da 4 : to give
datar : giver, God
w
Pahlavi 03 NYB:56; HRN:61,115
datan : to c
dadar:God
dahisn;g/«
paiti-dahisn : reward, given back ** Per 3
Persian 03 BQT:289,815; FSF:169; SNS:295
dadan : to give
Cpb
deh 3 : giver
< «•> (ijjj > r °1
Bagdad : God-given (city) ** Bhag iljju
dadar:God
jbb
dasan : gift, tip
( ' C*Jbl> t jiA^ ) /r^b
padas : reward
( jV&bui c*&bu ) ^bu
J>1$5 <&5w^ )•&< >**> >A~o
Ferdowsf
j>u j> $ <&io JvJ jboj
TAD:12 derives Baghdad from Persian
"bag-e-dad: garden
of justice".
w
^
V
Avestan 03 bqt:121,907
dathllS : creator
SpentO-datO : holy creation
^Kwen
Persian 03 mon:1588
day : creator, the tenth month in Persian calendar
Esfand Tyar : "holy creation", a male name
See root "Ghei 1" for another possible derivation of "day"
Avestan 03 BQT:2396; HRN:248
data 2 : giver, owner
USi-data : gifted with intelligence^ Ous 1
Persian
husyar : aware, intelligent
)W«a&
Avestan 03 pok:225
dathra : gift
Pahlavi 03 SNS:298
dasr:g/», kindness
<+
Latin Oahd
dare : to give
donum : gift
English
add, data, edit, rent, tradition, surrender
date 2 : time
donate, pardon
Greek 03ahd
didonai : to give
doron : gift
English
dose
Dorothy, Theodore
Turkish 03ahd:389
Dolmak
: to wind, wrap
W
Turkish 03ahd:389
dolman : wrapping, cover, coating
German 03 ahd:389
dolman : a kind of cloak
French
^
Persian 03 mon:1554
dolmeh : food wrapped in vine leaves
English 03 AHD:389; KLN:473
<ub
dolman : cloak or coat with large sleeves
dolman sleeve
109
Domu Drtos
Domu
see root.
Dem
Indo-European 03 pok:226
DOUS : arm
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:226
daOS : shoulder
Persian UJ BQT:898; HRN:130; POK:226
dlJS : shoulder
Drap
Drapses
see root: Der 1
see root: Der 1
Greek 03 FVQ:129
A
Ur3SSOtT13n : as much as one can hold in the hand, later
it was used as a unit of weight and finally a coin
W
Greek 03 FVQ:129
draxmon, draxme -.acoin,
also a unit of weight
This may be from a Semitic root
Pahlavi 03 FVQ:130; MON:1513
dram, diram: a silver coin,
also a unit of weight
Persian 03 bqt:840
deram : a coin * -.$
W
^
Arabic 03 tad:27
derham : a coin and also a unit of weight.
This is possibly from Pahlavi (FVQ:130).
Indo-European 03 wld:821
DrGgh:umv////ng
"~X
W
Avestan 03 wld:821
drigu, dregu, driwi 2: ,
W
^
Pahlavi 03 brt:849
driyos:^
Persian 03 BQT:846; HRN:124; KLN:431
darvis : r
TAD:27 suggests "darvrsh" is a distorted form of Persian "dar pfsh :
at the door, beggar". BQT:846 does not agree with this derivation.
Prep
Drop
Drtis
Drtos
see root: Der 1
see root: Der 1
see root: Der 1
see root: Der 1
110
Dub Dub
W
Sumerian 03 akd:19; bqt:823
Dub, Dup : aiM
scripture
Old Persian 03 bqt:823
dipi : to write
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:148
dyb-yy : letter
v*
Akkadian 03 akd:19; bqt:823
duppu, tlippil : fabfef
W
"~X
Persian 03 BQT:824; KLN:467; AKD:19; ETM:36
dablf : writer, teacher
J&>
dabestan : p/ace of teachers (school) ** Sta
V -H"^' ("jL***^
dTbaceh : preface
dTvan : register book
o'#.->
I,
(•Arabic 03 fvf:13,273
adab : literature, discipline
dTwan : register, book
L.
Persian UJ FVA:28; FVF:273
adab : discipline ( yibl , y^ilS < i-O^fl) i-OI
adabiyyat : literature ( i_*ol ) otoil
tadvin : iwftng ( ^yjji ) ^ ^ jj
^
Aramaic
dappa, dup: skin
for writing tablet
Arabic ffl mon:1540
daf : a tambourine made of
animal skin on a frame
Persian ffl mon:1540
daf : tambourine (fcjjjjju) uSO
See "Deru 1" for another possible root
ill
Dumb | Pup
W
Indo-European 03 pok:227
~X
Dumb, Dhumbhma:
Avestan 03 POK:227; HRN:128
duma : tan
V*
Germanic 03 POK:227
tappa, tuppa:p/»g
Persian 03 bqt:876,882
dom, donb:fa// (tjlj> ) yji < fi
donbeh : fatty tail of a lamb <u5;s
W
Persian 03 FVF:258; MON:1563
donbal : abscess
donbalan : animal testicles
w
Arabic 03 fvf:258
domal : abscess
Persian
UJ MON:1561
domal :
abscess
p
See "Dus
for another
possible root of "domal"
Persian UJ bqt:878
Damavand : a mountain north of Tehran
originally a village at the mountain "tail"
MON5:536 derives this word from the root "Dhem"
AylO
Persian UJ mon:1563
donbak, tonbak : a long tailed drum
uXtafc) t lXihO
Persian UJ nyb:82
Kazdom : scorpion, literally "stinging tail"
rf
English 03ahd
tap, top, tip, tattoo, tampon
Pup
see root.
Dub
112
Dus Dvei
W
Indo-European 03 pok:227
DUS : bad, evil
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:227; FSF:179, 183
dus, duz, duzdaO: bad, evil
dllS-manah : with evil thoughts^" Men 1
dllS-nama : bad name^*" Nomn
duS-Vare : difficult to carry®" Bher 1
dus-xv-athra, duz-athra:nofeasy
^Eter
W
Persian 03 BQT:850,853,867; HRN:126; MON:1536
dozd : thief
dosman : enemy
dosnam : insult
dosvar : difficult ( j,^ ) jl^iu
dosxar -. difficult jljjiii
Ferdowst j|j> jljAii **l9ji iSjU <0
Avestan 03 BQT:897; VIE:31; TZF:22
dus-haem : dad fempered^*" Hasm
dus-yata : rjacMj/te^Yem
daos-ahva, duz-axva : evil world
^Anl
dus-pithwa : bad fat, abscess
W
Pahlavi 03 sbk:214
duzax : hell
Persian 03 BQT:896; HRN:129
; VIE:31; TZF:21
doZxTm : bad tempered
dosyad : humiliation of
< \ p < %
people in their absence
dlJZaX : hell
dozpTh : abscess
<.<£
JuUJ
f^'j^ Zj> <^U jfyA ^U£
Ferdowsf
JuUJ
pi )' .H oU' j*^ 3)3
See "Dumb" for another possible derivation of "domal"
w
Avestan ffl BRT:755; BQT:1063
ClUZ-aka : with bad sting hooks, porcup/ne^Ang
BRT:755 is not quite certain about this derivation.
W
Pahlavi
03 SNS:168; BQT:1063
zuzag, zuzag, jujag:
porcupine, chicken
Persian
03 BRT:755; BQT:1063; HRN:152; MON:1250,1320; IEC:1391
ZUZ : porcupine
jljjeh : chicken
/ A A \ A A
< °J3J > J3J
^►l Avestan 03/
dus-kareta : ill-done ®"Kwer
dus-cithra, dus-citra : ofevil seed (raceJ®"Skai
duS-UXta : ill-spoken^' Wegwh
dliS-daena -.ofevil conscience^ Dheye
W
^
Greek 03ahd
dus : bad
Latin
dyS- : faulty, diseased
English
dysfunction, dystrophy
Dvei
see root.
Dwei
113
D.v.r Dwei
Arabic 03 KLN:397; FVA:146
D.v.r:
to turn, go around, encircle
^►l Arabic ffl
FVA:146; KLN:108,397
datrah : circle
dar : house, originally surrounding a court
dahf : a round of (long) time
dar-aS-Saricf : house of construction,
facfo/y^S.n.'a
V*
~X
Persian 03
-VA:146
dowr
: around
perimeter
T J>>
^ '
<>/)> <
7i'-> <
o'jj-*
< °jJ->
j>M
, 0;W
< jl-^
< Jjj*
< /$>
darl
: house
< »
< J^
)^b
dahr
a long time, world
fortune
/i
j-*-
O3 j_fl ^) V s .j' ^^"
M 3j-"
Hafez
WwjI
0-^.3^
(jlj*. J-
Cwv»»"J»\£
?dS <0
^
Greek 03 kln:108
arsonalos : factory,
workshop
Italian 03 AHD:74; KLN:108
darsena, arsenale : naval dockyard
English 03 ahd:74
arsenal
Indo-European 03 pok:227
Dwei, Dvei : to fear
Avestan 03 POK:228; KLN:454
dvaetha : threat, menace
dvaes, tbaes : sick, hi
Sogdian 03 S0D:138
db yS : enmity, harm
Latin 03ahd
dims : horrible
Greek 03 kln:451
deinOS : dreadful
deinOS-Saura: dreadful lizard
Pahlavi 03 pok:228
beS 1 : sorrow
See "Weis" for an
alternative root.
Persian UJ mon:627
blS 2 : a poisonous plant
iW
English
dire
English
dinosaur
114
Dwo Dwo
W
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:230;
~X
DWO:
Avestan 03 POK:230; KLN:440,1669; SOD:145
dva, duva : two
duva-dasa : twelve ®"Dskm
d Ve-Sate : two hundred^ Dskm
duvitya-kara : the other one
blS : more
Persian 03 bqt:888,902,914
HRN:132; HUB:65
do : two
V
devTst : two hundred
C-wU O
digar, degar : other
j> i , yji
bTs 1 : more
iW
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:175
bi, biS:(wo
bis-COCtUS : cooked twice (biscuit) ** Pskw
dU0 : two
dU0-decem : two ten (dozen) *" Dskm
French 03 kln:175
biscuit, douzaine
t
Persian 03 mon:1572
■VC>0 i C-JqX**)
English 03 kln:175
biscuit, dozen
English 03 ahd
bicycle, binary
Greek 03 ahd
di, diS:(wo
dia : through, across, apart
di-pl00S : twofold, pamphlet
<+
W
► — Greek 03 ahd
dia-dein, dia-dema : a head-
band tied on two sides^^ De 1
Persian
03 MON:1603; BQT:921
dayhim : c
(•eK-*
Greek 03 ahd
di-ploOS : twofold, pamphlet,
diploma
French
diplome, diplomate
Persian UJ mon:1590
Uu>.L»0 i
$-> < r^?
English 03 ahd
diploma, diplomat
Greek 03 kln:440
dia-bainein : going across (liquid in diabetic patients)^^ Gwa
dia-luein, dialuses : to loosen (filter) apart, dialysis ^Lsu
dia-phragna : completely enclosed
dia-metfOS : (diameter line) that measures across ^^ Me
French
W
Persian 03 mon
diyabet
diyaliz
diyafragm
Jlji^i
^ I Latin 03 ahd \>-
English 03 ahd
diabetes, dialysis, diameter
V*
Greek 03 KLN:440; AHD:361
dia-ballein : to throw across, slander
®"GwsI 1
diabolos : slanderer, devil
Arabic
03 BQT:83; FVQ:48
eblis, ibliS:dew/
Wl
Latin 03 ahd
Persian UJ bqt:83
eblis ^.J^l
English 03 ahd
devil
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
twai : two
English
two, twelve, twenty, twice, twin, between
115
Dye | Dyeu
Dye
Dyeu
see root: Dei
see root: Dei
IK
E
Ed
Ebhi
see root: 12
see root: Ambhi
W
Indo-European 03 pok:287
Ed : to eat
A
Avestan 03 POK:287; BQT:44,1624 ►
adaiti : to eat
asa 1 : food
Xarka-asa : eating tj/rd^*" Ksr 3
W
Avestan 03bqt:119
aspa-asa : horse food^ ^ Ekwos
Persian 03 bqt:2099
as : a kind of soup Jj I
nasta : not eaten \iji\i
karkas : vulture ^ $
Pahlavi 03 bqt:119,1624
aspast, aspasti : a/fa/fa
Persian 03bqt:119
aspast : a/fa/fa ( C»»~» ) i
1 <
Jj j^ y*/**/*H ^ wwJ ^
j *5u
.3J-
■Jj^
w
Syriac
03 BQT:119
pes pes ta
Arabic
al-fesfeseh : a/fe/fe
L
Persian 03 bqt:1624
fesfeseh : a/fe/fe
^.■. ^A '. ^ < *L*JU3
Spanish
W
Sogdian 03 SOD:70
'sp'dy :fcod, d/sh
English 03 ahd
alfalfa
^
L
^
Germanic 03 ahd
it-an : to eat
tanth-UZ, tunth-sk : eater (tooth, tusk)
English 03 ahd
eat, etch
tooth, tusk
Latin 03 ahd
ed-ere : to eat
dent : tooth
English
edible
dental, denture
117
w
Eg I Ei
Indo-European 03 pok:291
Eg/
~X
Avestan / Old Persian 03 kln:763; pok:291; tlm:62
azem, adam, mana 1, maiy:
W
Sogdian 03 SOD:93,223
zw
my : me, my
V
Germanic 03 ahd
eg, ic:;
Latin 03 ahd
ego:/
Persian 03 BQT:2036; SNS:221
man 1 :/
<y
English
I
English
ego
w
Indo-European 03 POK:293,501; KLN:825
Ei, Ey, I 1, la 1 :to g0
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan
03 POK:293-296; KLN:825
ya 1 : to go
yaiti : goes
aeiti, yeinti:gone
a-aiti, aiti 2
dllZ-ita: hard motion
yah 1 : road, motion
Pahlavi 03 BQT:551; ISS:252
giyak, givak : location
givak-r6p : "room sweeper",
broom Raup
Persian 03 HRN:94; BQT:551
ja : place, location v>
ja-riib -.broom (jjl?) yjjW
Old Persian 03 POK:293; FFD:35
ay : to move
aitiy : gone, went
upa-aitiy, upa-ay-a:ougwto
^Upo
Pahlavi 03 AEF:234; FFD:35
Upayat : have to, must
apayistan : have to, must
abayist : have to, must
Persian 03 aef:234
bayad : must jjb
Sanskrit
03 KLN:825
yana : path
Persian 03 bqt:589
jan : side, path
Ferdowst C-J^> 3 Po y^i «*> y )\ JjJ J <0 .
<>?
OS iSj\y & 'J> jl j^Jjj>
Sanskrit 03 OEW:78
jadoO : going against someone's wishes, sorcery
Compare with root "Ya".
^
Latin 03 ahd
ire: to go
tranS_Tre : to go over®" Ter 1
ambi-Tre : to go around, ambient^
Circum-Tre : to go around, circuit
eX-Tre : to go out, exit
in-itium : to go in, start, initiate
French
transit
Persian 03 mon:1061
transit : transit
^'j 3
English
transit, ambient, circuit, exit, initial
Hi
Ei Eis 1
W
W
Indo-European 03 POK:293,501; KLN:825
Ei, Ey, I 1, la 1 : fo g o
PART 2
~x
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03 ahd
leani : to go
ion 2 : going particle
French
Persian
yon : ion ^
^
Indo-European 03 pok:296; kln:1761
Ye, Yero.year
le, lero, \aro. y ear
English 03 ahd
Mf-Avestan 03 POK:296; KLN:1796
W
yar, yara : year
yah 2, jar, jaitkyear
Pahlavi 03 hrn:249
yairka: one year old.
Persian UJ bqt:2406
hirak : a baby animal O -J&
Latin 03 ahd
ya-mO : beginning of year,
god of doors
French
Janiver: January
h
Persian ffl mon:1775
'
ZanvTyeh : January <Uy| j
English
January, janitor
Germanic 03 ahd
yeram, jeram:year
English
year
V*
Greek 03 ahd
horOS : time
hora : season
English
hour, horoscope
v*
Indo-European 03 kln:1743
Wi-itos:
to go (gone) apart, wide Wi
L
Germanic
wit, widaz :
English
wide
Eik
see root: Aik
Indo-European 03 pok:299
A
Eis 1:
Avestan 03 POK:299; BQT:754
aes-ma, aes-ma : anger
h
Persian UJ hrn:109
Xesm (xasm) : anger J&
Germanic 03 ahd
IS-arenO : holy metal
English
115
Eis 2 I Eis 2
Indo-European 03 pok:301
EiS 2: ice
~~\
V
Avestan 03 HRN:252; POK:301
ISaV : frosty
aexa : ice
Persian 03 bqt:2427
yax : ice
Old Persian 03 S0D:452
viyaxna : ice
Sogdian 03 S0D:452
yxn : ice
Germanic 03 ahd
English
120
Ekwos Ekwos
W
Indo-European 03 pok:301
EkWOS : horse
"~X
Avestan 03 POK:301; DVS:42; BQT:1819
as pa : horse
aspa-bara : horse load, rider'^' Bher 1
^
Pahlavi 03bqt:119
asp : horse
asbar: rider
Persian 03 mon; bqt
asb : horse
Savar : rider
yy
Avestan
03 BQT; POK:1082; KNT; HRN:206; AEF:324
tum-aspa : (with) strong horses ^Tsu
keresa-aspa : (with) lean horses ^Ksrk
Vista-aspa : (with) gray or old horses
baevare-aspa : (with)io.ooo horses
Baevare
Persian
Tahmasb : with strong horses
U-v«JMjA)
Garsasp : with lean horses
Gostasp : with old Horses
V
BTvarasp : with 10,000 horses
U-v«jI jy*J
(— -**>l jowO 3 (jjSj&
d-v)Jj> Jjj <Gu*9l
Khaqant C~J ySi j*£tfi <U
44
obv &j
^
Avestan
03 BQT; POK:1082; KNT; HRN:206; MON5:419
arsan-aspa : (with) male horses^' Eras 1
aurvat-aspa : (with) swift horses^ Er 1
arejat-aspa : (with) valuable horses
^Algwh
jam-aspa : owning horses
Persian LLI mon
Arsasp : "with male horses"
Gosnasp : "with male horses"
Lohrasb : "with swift horses"
U-v«jIj4J
Afjasp : "with valuable horses"
JamaSD : "owning horses"
Km^f*>\fi\i>
**~?**^)> <J>¥% ^S^ ^P if^^
Qa'anf ato <C_JO y>
cu*_Jb jl jiJl>
w
Avestan 03 bqt:1819
aspa-asa : horse fcod^* Ed
W
Pahlavi 03bqt:119
aspast : horse food, a/fa/fa
Persian
aspast
: a/fa/fa
(jl <U>3j jl
Ci"vW.D Jj
| \30 'yjSeuJ* <J (J-* 1 ^
Sanaf
Jta) fi JAWWWlJ
.3 .j*** .3
Cr**U*MM |^X>
jjJJO
w
Syriac 03bqt:119
pes pes ta : a/fa/fa
Arabic
alfesfeseh : a/fa/fa
Persian UJ mon:2547
fasfaseh t»gLa3 , <ui»i
English 03ahd:32
alfalfa
W
L
^
Sanskrit 03 MON:246; BQT:125
aSVa-tara : related to a horse
Pahlavi
Persian
astar : mule
j~"'
Greek 03ahd
hippos : horse
philo-hippOS : horse
foi/er^Bhili
Latin
French 03 ahd
Persian 03 mon
FTITp : "horse lover"
English 03 ahd
hippopotamus, Philip
121
El 2 | Elu-ephas
W
Indo-European 03 pok:302; kln:509
~X
El 2, Elk, Eln
red or brown used in animal and tree names
Avestan 03 pok:302
aurUSa : pale red, white
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:55
Persian 03 BQT:55; MON:80
< ){\ t JS\ t <>S\ ) MT
al : pale red, pink
alguneh : a pinkish face powder
Germanic 03 ahd
elmo, almo, elwa : red, brown
Germanic 03 kln:860
lambiz : lamb
English
elm, alder, elk
English 03 kln:860
lamb
w
Indo-European 03 pok:308; kln:509
~X
tl O : to bend, elbow
Elei, Lei, Plena
Avestan 03 pok:308
arethna : arm, elbow
► —
Persian 03 mpp:79
arysnug : elbow
► —
Persian 03 BQT:32; MPP:79
arenj : elbow ( Si j 1 < ^l j 1
• o/>
ffj"
Avestan 03 pok:308
fra-rathni : forearm®" Par 1
Old Persian 03 mpp:79
arasni : elbow
Germanic 03 ahd
alino : forearm
English
elbow
Elei
Elk
Eln
Elu
Elu-ephas
see root: El 3
see root: El 2
see root: El 2
see root: Yb
see root: Yb
122
Embhi Emos
Indo-European 03 pok:311; wld1:125
tlTIDnl : honey, honeybee
~~\
Avestan 03 S0D:42
ang, angu: honey
angu-paena : sweet sap
^Pet
Pahlavi 03wld1:125
ang, angubin : honey
Persian 03 BQT:174; HRN:254
ang : honey
Sogdian 03 S0D:42
'nkwpyn: honey
Sanskrit 03pok:311
hingu:
Sogdian 03 S0D:87
inku, 'ynkw:
Latin 03wld1:125
apiS : oee
Greek 03pok:311
ampiS : honey
English 03 kln:89
apiary, apiology
Indo-European 03 IEC:257
t IT1 OS : a suffix meaning most or last
<+
W
^
Avestan 03 IEC:257
-emO : most or extreme
Latin 03 IEC:257
-imus
inf-imUS : fowesf
pOSt-OmUS : fowesf
maX-imUS : maximum
min-imUS : minimum
A
h
Persian LLI IEC:257
'
-Om : a suffix indicating the order of a number fl £
English 03 ahd
maximum
minimum
123
En Enomn
Indo-European 03 P0K:31 1
~X
t n : in, inside
Ndher, Ndhos, Ndhi -.in, under
Avestan / Old Persian 03 P0K:31 1 ; dza:57
an-tar, an-tare, antara :
Persian UJ HRN:27; BRT:132
andar : inside ( ^ jjjl < ^l jjjl ) ^ jjjl
Avestan 03 kln:1677
haca-adairi : from under®"S8kw
Pahlavi
azir, BZer: under
h
Persian UJ bqt:1051
'
ZIP : under jj j
Old Persian 03pok:311
adi, adyi: /n
adi-Sta : in standing^" Sta
adi-Var : in truth, indeed
Pahlavi 03 hrn:6,20
6-Statan : to be in standing
e-Var : indeed
e-var: ?
e-van: ?
Persian UJ hrn
Tstadan : to stand ?\}\l»A
an : yes, indeed ^ ) I
Greek 03ahd
en-, eiS- : /n, /ns/de
para-en-tithenai : put in besides ®" Dhs 2
epi-eis-hodos : com/ng /n besides^ Sed
French
paranthese
^
W
L
Germanic 03 ahd
in, innera, anda
Latin 03 ahd
intra, intra, inter
^
Persian 03 mon:652
parantez : parenthe.
'r> ] A
English
parenthesis, episode
English
in, and, under
English
inter-, international, interest,
interface, intestine, intimate
in- 1 , en-, inferior
Enek
Enk
Eno
Enomn
see root: Neku
see root: Neku
see root: An 2
see root: Nomn
124
Ens | Epi
^
Indo-European 03wld1:134
~X
t IIS : meet with hostile intent
WLD expresses uncertainty about derivation of these words
Avestan
03 WLD1:134; BRT:361
ans-tha, asta 1 : enmity
astai : to hate
ans-ra, as-ra,
anra, angra : devilish
Avestan 03 POK:726; KGW:46; SIN:1179; ETM:35
anra-mainyu, angra-manyu, ahra-manyurew/sp/rif^Men 1
L
Persian 03 BQT:2083; FSF:36
ahnman : devil
W
^
Old Persian 03wld1:134
arika, ahrika : adversely disposed
Indo-European 03 pok:323; kln:1065
tpi, Up I : at, near, against
~~\
Avestan / Old Persian 03 kln:530; pok:57
aipi : to, toward, also
aipi-areta : set determined^ Ar
apiy, ape, apaya
Latin 03ahd
OD : to against, before
English
obtain, offer, oppose, omit
Greek 03ahd
epi : on, over, among
epi-skopOS : one rank
above bishop ^^Spek
Old Persian
03 MON:1901; FSF:228
Skuba : bishop, priest
Persian UJ MON:1901; FSF:228
Sekuba : a Christian bishop [><&«»
Ferdowst l5j-+" J> J Jir*! 3 ^J^*
V
w
Arabic
03 MON:270; TAD:3
OSqof : bishop
Persian 03 MON:270; FSF:44
OSqof : bishop
j** i*5-^£ -^-^5^ V 3 u^*^ " i)/ **$) c^«o vu oi-Jy ^j£L*»
J'
Ferdowsf
^
Latin 03ahd
episCOpUS, bisCOpUS -.priest
epi-demia : (illness) among peopfe^Da
epi-lepsia : hold upon
English 03 ahd
Episcopal, bishop
epidemic, epilepsy
125
w
^
Er 1 | Er 1
Indo-European 03 pok:327
Er1, Or
PART 1
~X
to set in motion, excite
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:327; BRT:184,368; FSF:105
ar, ra 1 : to move
ras 1 , rasa : to come, arrive
paity-ara : against progress, ugly^" Per 3
pati-ara : challenge, f/ghf ^ Par 3
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
► Persian 03 HRN:137; BQT:374,950; FSF:107; FFD:56
reSldan : to arrive, to ripe ( oX**u ja3 < ir" ) ) AX*^ )
patyareh : enemy, ugly e^Sj , 8jLl>
pazireh : to challenge an enemy, fight o jj^j
Ferdowst (Jjj 4j Xol jjjl lSjjj? I J V"
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:331; IRN:112; KNT:170
aurva, aurvant:sw/s, fast
auruma : wiidiy
aurvat-aspa : (with) fast
horses Ekwos
Persian UJ BQT:111,160,1918; IRN:114
Arvand : Tigris river J»bj'
Alvand : name of a mountain with many springs Jjajl
Lohrasp : "with fast horses", a male name u-w«l At
Fsrdowst ^|yV <dp-i lj Jjljj! y iSjto
"Arvand:swift" is a translation of "Dejleh:swift". See Root "Steig"
Sanskrit 03 pok:330
rad, radati:
scrapes, scratches
Persian 03 MON:964; HRN:138
randidan ( 8 jjj ) ^Jjjjj
Avestan 03 BQT:987; SYN:278; HRN:142
PI, fae, raec 1 : to release, discharge, defecate
W
Pahlavi 03 HRN:142; BQT:987; SNS:235
ritan : to defecate
reman : dirty discharges from eyes etc.
Persian 03 HRN:142; BQT:987,990
ridan : defecate
rim : dirt, evil
dirty discharge from the eye
W
Avestan / Sanskrit
03 WLD1:136; AEF:20
ari, arika, araeka:
enemy, hostility, hatred
Persian
ffl BQT:33; AEF:20,21
arig : hostility, hatred
<&'>
CP T
fig : animosity, also hated, enemy,
dung
e?j
Ferdowsf
kij oU Jji <0
<yj
ijb
u
. i-J qJS j j> <0
^JojiS
oW
w
Avestan 03 pok:327-331
arati : energy
aranu, ham-aranu : hostile coincidence, fight, competition^ Sem 1
ham-ara, ham-aratha -.opponents ®"sem 1
rana 1 : fighter
artha : affa/r
Latin 03ahd
Oriri : to appear, rise (sun)
rivUS : stream
English
orient, origin, abort
rival, derive
Germanic 03 ahd
n-nwan : to run
art : to be
English
run
are
Indo-European 03 pok:327
Er1, Or
Er1 Ere 2
PART 2
~X
to set in motion, excite
SEE OTHER PART ( S ) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
Indo-European
03 POK:339
Ergh :to excite,
tremble
r
Avestan 03 pok:339
eregant : angry,
evil
Sogdian 03 S0D:57
'rgnt: greedy
Persian 03 bqt:32
argandeh : angry ojjfjl , oJJJjjT , oJJijI
Greek 03ahd
org-eyo, orxeisthai : to dance
I
French
orchestre
^
Persian 03 mon:205
orkestr:
j*») j
English 03 ahd
orchestra
Er2
Erdh
see root : Ere 1
see root: Ered
Indo-European 03 pok:332
Ere 1, Re, Er 2
: to split, loosen
Avestan 03 POK:332; SYN:863; BRT:193
areda, aredha : side, half
^
Latin 03 ahd
rams : having intervals between, full of empty spaces, sparse
rete, retis : net
English 03 ahd
rare
retina
Ere 2
see root : Eres 1
127
Erebu Ered
W
Akkadian 03 akd:64; kln:550
~X
Erebu
to enter, to go down (sunset)
Arabic 03 akd:640,854
gj.b-.tosetfsun)
magreb : sunset west
Magreb al aqsa : "wast of the extreme", Morocco
Persian 03 mon
garb : west ( ^ j. t ^>Jjt ) ^>J.
w
Italian 03 ahd:854
MarOCCO : Morocco
Arabic
Marakes
Persian
Marakes : Morocco J^\j*>
MON6:1946 derives this from a different Arabic root.
v»
w
Hebrew 03 AKD:64; KLN:550
'erebh: sunset west
English 03 AHD:854; NAT:163
Morocco
I,
(•Greek 03 KLN:550; AHD:452
europa : land of sunset
Latin 03ahd:452
europa : Europe
I
French
Europe
h
Persian
'
W
^
English 03 ahd
Europe
^
Indo-European 03 POK:339,1167; KLN:1097
A
Ered, Erdh, Weredh, Werdh : to grow, high
Avestan 03 P0K:339,1167
eredva : high
vared, vard, ward : up,
high, growing
Persian UJ HRN:39,210; BQT:227,1848; FFD:35
Vala : great, high
balTdan : to grow, boast
Sana? ' J^\[> j} jljj Xol ' Jiiii - ' J^J^ji <t>lj>
See root "Bhel" for derivation of Persian "balesh 1: pillow".
Avestan / Sanskrit
03 POK:1167
Vi-Vard : to grow out®" Wi
Persian UJ BQT:1848; HRN:210; MON:3427
govalidan : to grow ( J|^ ( &i)l\f ) ^1/
Tfyai
FFD:75 derives these words from Old Persian "wi-ward"
Old Persian 03 ffd:75
Ward : to grow
Wi-Ward : to grow out
Greek 03 POK:1167; KLN:1097
OrthoS : correct, right
English
Ortho- -.correct
orthodox, orthogonal, orthodontics, orthopedics
12S
Erek Erek
Indo-European 03 pok:335
Erek:ffea, mite
^\
W
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:335
liksa : louse, flea €
Latin 03 pok:335
nanus : flea
Persian 03 HRN:137; BQT:952
resk : flea eggs Sjij
English 03ahd:1116
ricin : a poisonous protein
125
Eres 1 Eres 1
W
V
W
Indo-European 03 pok:335
~X
tTGS 1 : to flow, to be wet
trSGIl: ejector of semen, male
r\ OS : dew
C. TS : to be in motion
tTG £. : to have bad will
Avestan / Old Persian
ffl POK:336; AHD:1480; SOD:414
arsan, varesna : man, hem
XSaya-arsan : hero among kings or king of men
^ Ksei 1
arsan-aspa : (with) male horses ^Ekwos
Syava-arsan : (with) black male animals^ Kei 1
Persian 03 BQT:1119; FNI:34
AfSan : "man, masculine"
lW
Xasayar: "king of men"
j\At>
Arsasp : "with male horses"
STyavaS : "with black horses"
J*y***>
w
Pahlavi 03 mon:3329
VUSn, gUShn -.male
gusn-asp : (with) male
horses Ekwos
Sogdian 03 S0D:414
Persian 03 BQT:1821; HRN:206; MON6:1706; FSF:297
gOSn, gOSan : male, strong, husband, big, wide
gOSni : insemination
Gosnasp : "with male horses", a male name (u-w^w&S ) u-wJjiS
Avestan 03 POK:336; AHD:1115; SOD:339
ranha : vein
ranha : a mystical river. Former name of Volga was Rha.
raevaS : rhubarb, grown on Rha (Volga) banks.
Pahlavi
03 SOD:339
rahg : vein
rag : vein
Persian
03 SOD:339
rag : vein ^5 )
w
Persian 03 bqt:991
rivand : rhubarb
< 0*'#J > ^J
W
Greek
03 AHD:1115
rha : rhubarb
rheon
Latin 03ahd:1115
rha : rhubarb
rheu-barbarum : foreign rhubarb^ Baba
English
rhubarb
W
Avestan 03 pok:337
araska : enmity
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:56
'r'sk:6
Persian 03 bqt:952
arask, Task : envy, zeal Sji~) , Sjij\
Fairokht JU*al 4ji jj_3l i_w« «j_J 4j _ j>jL3 ^Jji y lSjJ Sji") jl 'y
Latin 03ahd
rOS-mariS : sea dew
English 03 ahd
Rosemary
Germanic 03 ahd
res : rushing
English
race : compete
Latin 03 AHD; POK:336
errare : to wander
English
130
Eres 2 Es-ti
Indo-European 03 pok:335
Eres 2:
~X
to pierce
W
^
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:335; KNT:172; TZF:31
arsti, astra 2 : a short spear
arsti-bara : spear man (carrier) ** Bher 1
U-arstika : good spear man ^Su 1
Persian 03 bqt:751, tzf:31
Xest 2 : a short s
r,.
C-J>-U ? jj> O fij* ^ I j^ 3 yj» ^>
vrs-o-Ramm C-J>-ljjL) I ) i'}lx*0 £~&> J <U*>
lU) I j O 1 -^ 3 *"
Ergh
Ers
Ersen
Es 1
see root: Er 1
see root ; Eres 1
see root ; Eres 1
see root: Aidh
^
Indo-European 03 POK:340,341,342; IEC:254
A
Es 2, Es-ti :
Avestan 03 POK:340; KNT:214; IEC:254 ►
ahmi: lam
asti : It is
hant, hat : true, real
haithya : true
Persian UJ
IEC:250,254; MON:260,345
astan
ast 1
: to be
is
Or-* 1
-am:
(1) am
r'-
Hafez
^ )3/'
Old Persian 03 POK:340,341; KNT:214
amiy:;am
hasiya : true
Germanic 03 ahd
IZmham
isti : is
Sljai : may it be so, yes
English
03
AHD
am
IS
yes
Latin 03 ahd
French 03 ahd ►-
Persian 03 V0P:43
esans : essence
0~"
3UI
v»
English 03 ahd
v»
English 03 ahd
absent, interest, present, entity, proud
V*
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:254, AHD:1298
asti : is
SU-asti, SVasti : well being, goodluck^'Su 1
English 03ahd:1298
SWastica, Swastika : an ancient religious symbol
adopted in 1935 as an emblem of Nazi Germany
Es-ti
see root: Es 2
131
Esu Eu 1
Esu
see root : Su 1
Indo-European 03 POK:344; IEC:1347; WLD1:264
tlGT : internal (insignificant) organs
v*
Avestan
03 POK:344
XV-athra: insignificant, low in
dllS-athra : not insignificant,
difficult^ Dus
su-athra:? ®"su 1
value
Pahlavi
03 HRN:110,127
xar
dusxvar
^
h
Persian
03 BQT:780,866; HRN:
10,127
Xar 1 : of low value
M
dosvar : difficult
vy* 1 ^
See root "Xwar" for
a different derivation
E-tero
see root: 12
Indo-European 03 pok:344; kln:545
~X
Eti
: above, beyond
Avestan 03 KLN:545; KNT:166
aiti 1 : over, beyond
Old Persian 03 knt:166
ati : beyond
Latin 03 kln:545
et : and
et-Ce-terT : :and other things^ I 2, Ki 2
English 03 ahd
et cetera
Germanic 03 kln:545
ith : back, again, water flowing back, whirlpool
English 03 ahd
eddy, eddy current
W
Indo-European 03 pok:345
~X
Eu 1, Ewan, Wa
: to be empty
Avestan 03 POK:345; KLN:1687
Una, Una, Uyamna : empty, needing
h
Persian ffl POK:345; HRN:243; BQT:2293
'
Vang 1 : empty, poor ' J^o
Mansur Shfrazf S$$ ^ fS <£**A 3 iJjlLp fiJJ O0 5
HUB:105 has doubts about this etymology.
Latin 03 ahd
Vastus : empty, waste
Vacare : to be empty, vacant
VanUS : empty, vain
English 03 ahd
waste
vacate, vacuum, vacation, void, avoid
vain, vanity, vanish
Germanic 03 ahd
Wanaton : lacking, needing
English 03 ahd
want
Eueguh | Ey
Eueguh
Eu-es
Ewan
Ewegwh
Ew-es
_Ey
see root: Wegwh
see root: Wes 3
see root : Eu 1
see root: Wegwh
see root: Wes 3
see root: Ei
133
Frankon | Fra-sanga
F
Old French ffl ahd:522,1515
nrSnKOn : free people, conquerors,
referring to the Germanic tribe
which conquered Gaul about 500 AD.
This is a Frankish word.
W
Old French 03 ahd:522
franc : free
France : land of free people
W
Arabic 03 hjb:352
faranji, al-faranji : French, European
V k
^
A
Persian 03 mon:2528
Faranseh : France ( fr}$i\j$ , Si\ji ) <Uilji
Persian 03 bqt:1471
farangT : European ( jiijil , i)\lSiji ) Sij
Bahar JJ^ ^u**Si jB {)y%<J> Zy» 0' JV ^ ^-^'^
English 03 AHD; KLN:614
Frank, Franc, France, Franklin, franchise
Old Persian 03 hrn:182
rra~SanC|a : a distance of about five kilometers
W
W
^
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1462
farsang
Persian 03 MON:743,2517; BQT:1462
farsang : a distance of about 5 kilometers
farsaX : Arabic pronunciation of "farsang"
Greek
03 KLN:1127
parsanges
Latin 03ahd:952
parsanga
English 03 ahd:952
parsang : an ancient Persian unit of distance (3.5 miles)
134
F.r.q | Fsan
Arabic 03 kln:1637
~X
r . T. C| : to split, divide
Taf rtq : distribution
h
Persian LLI fva:313
'
farq : difference, dividing line <3 J
3\ji , <&fi , $Jj , £ 3J \i , &J&
«ji < «}ilfl < i3}^ < cJjU*
TOrqan : aM/fy to distinguish (between good and bad), Koran \\& A
Molavt (JX* y^ji jl }l !_) jJ^U J j? ■ (JX* ^l)b J jS ji>jS ji> jy
V*
^
Italian 03 kln:1637
traffico : traffic
traficare : to trade
KLN:1637 claims "traffico" is possibly from
Arabic "tafrfq: distribution", influenced
by Latin "traficere: to take over".
French 03 kln:1637
trafic
Persian
trafiC : traffic S»s\j>
English 03 kln:1637
traffic
Avestan 03 hrn:24
Flair
spread, sprinkle
W
Avestan ffl hrn:24
aiwi-fsan : spread over,
spread around ^ Ambhi
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1492
afsantan : to sprinkle
^
~x
Persian 03 HRN:24; BQT:1492; AEF:137
afsandan : to sprinkle, scatter ( AX^lii ) ^\ii\ii'
afshan : scattered \\&}'
afsun : rake (for spreading sand, etc.) i\«d<$
Hafez Ob <l> j^ 4j Xoj l5j^> <0 «u5 ^l j
135
Gabbah | Galgh
G
Iranian 03afm:123
A
Gabbah
dome, vault, blister
*■ I Persian UJ MON:2894,2898
kobbeh : pile, heap (£$)£$
kapTdan : to pile up < ^x^S
^ I Arabic 03 fvf:520; /
qabbah : it was arched, bent
al-qubbah : the arch, vaulted tent
q.b.b : to be bent, crooked, vaulted
KLN:46 claims these words are from
the Semitic root "q.b.b: to be bent"
h
Persian ffl MON:2637; VGH:94; FVA:323
p
qobbeh : dome, vault ( u*>U ) CS
w
^
Spanish 03 kln:46
alcoba : arched a
French 03 kln:46
alcove
English 03 KLN:46; TYL:567
alcove : a recessed section in a r
Gag
see root: Kak4
W
Indo-European 03 pok:351
~X
Gal, Galgh, Galagh -.to shout, compiai
Avestan 03 pok:351
gareZ : to complain
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1832
gilak : complaint
Persian 03 bqt:1832
geleh : complaint i}$
Hafez 1 -j5 J «JJj>-j3 jJUj <L*X* ^1 l)
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
kail : to shout
English
call
Galagh
Galgh
see root: Gal
see root: Gal
136
Indo-Schythian ffl ISS:27
o3n : to seize
w
W
^
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:27
Uysgani : vulture
Sogdian 03 ISS:27; SOD:163
gnw, gan : power, force, skill
Gan Garenu
~x
Persian 03 ISS:27; BQT:1023
Zagan : a black bird (kite) •A\
Rudakt • Ij ^L<jJ Sy i Syw j£ U
Indo-European 03 pok:352
oanC| : to mock, hum
v*
Sanskrit
03 POK:352
gunj : to hum
w
Pahlavi
03 MON:3418; BQT:1844
gung : dumb
^
A
Persian 03 HRN:209; BQT:1844
gong : deaf, dumb Sj$
Fairokht jljf Jj-> y ij" /■ jJJI <0 jjAil il) jS
Avestan 03 HUB:95; SYN:516
Gantuma : wheat
Cognate with Sanskrit "godhuma".
v*
Pahlavi 03 hrn:209
gantum : wheal
^
~x
Persian 03 BQT:1842; MON:3411
gandom : wheaf ( iX^liS , Sj>11$ ) fliS
gandomgunrivheafco/ored^^Geu AaXflJJO
gandom-ba : wheaf soup ^Pekw ( L PliS ) [>?liS
Hafez o^wql U (Ol <^j-&) jjj <0 <GD ^l ^
Avestan 03 bqt:1779
Garenu :
scab oh animal skih
W
Pahlavi 03mon:3211
gar 2 : scad
^
Persian 03 HRN:200; BQT:1779; MON:3211
gar 3 : scab on skin (causing baldness) ( L5 r ) r
gargen : one who has scab, bald ( >yj J ) *3 J
Naser-Khosrow ' j> cji'j \ij 'S 'jjiji j*J l_5 1 ii*J ' jS J^J-
137
Gargelos | Gei
Gargelos
see root: Gwer3
Akkadian 03 hrn:199
Gassu:
► Avestan 03 hrn:199
1
VlCICa : mortar, gypsum
^ I Old Persian 03 hrn:199
gac : chalk
MON and HUB:90 derive this word from Arabic word
"jass" which is derived from the same Akkadian root.
Persian 03 SNS:310
gac : chalk J)
w
Greek 03 AHD:588; AKD:32
gupSOS : gypsum
Arabic 03 BQT:1776; TAD:20
jabsin, jass, jafsin -.chalk
Persian 03 bqt
jabsin : chalk
(yS*"*r>
^
Latin 03ahd
gypsum
English
gypsum
Indo-European 03 IEC:388
~X
Gaulos :
w
^
Greek 03 AHD:539; IEC:388
gaulos, galea : merchant ship
Latin 03ahd:539
galeota, galea : ship
Persian 03 AEC:388; BQT:1044
ZOWraq : boat 3jij
ZOWraqT : a boat-shaped hat J ,« j
►
English 03 ahd:539
galleon, galiot, galliot, galley
Ge
Gebh
see root: Gei
see root: Geph
Indo-European 03 pok:355
~X
Gei, Ge, Gh
to sing, song
W
W
Avestan 03 POK:355; KLN:169
ga 1 : to sing
gata : song, religious hymn
Persian UJ MON6:1648; MON:3190; KLN:169
gat : Zoroasfrian religious songs (W*0 ) Ou
gah 1 : music, tune ( o0 )\Ai> t OU <W ) OU
Sanskrit 03 pok:355
ga : to sing
gayatT : sings
bhagavant-gita : sound
of sublime Bhag
Old Persian 03 mon:4878
nigay: praise
Pahlavi 03 mon:4878
nigayisn:pra/se
Persian UJ bqt:2224
niyayes : praise L>\
u
^
^
English 03 kln:169
Bhagavad-Gita
138
Gel Gem
W
W
Indo-European 03 POK:357-364, SYN:908; IEC:303
Gel, Geli, Gelu, Glue, Geleb, Gelu
to form into a ball, stick together
^\
Persian UJ IEC:303
guy : ball, also competition in any game
Hafez ei-JsiJi |*jt> VJ yJ> J >yS yJ> J*%*& - J^l
i <6 *,
>Ua9 (Jy y j^j Ja9u>
Sanskrit 03 pok:357, 361
glav, gula, glau-h : parcel, ball
h
Persian 03 POK:361; MON:3382; BQT:1861
gulleh : ball, bullet i\£
goluleh : burnt t}J$
Latin 03ahd;
globus : ball
gluten : glue
French
globule
Persian 03 mon:3363
golobiil : globule Jyj£
^
English 03 ahd
globe, globule
glue
Germanic 03 ahd
klukjan : to clutch
English 03 ahd
clutch
h
Persian UJ mon:3015
kelac : clutch r %
&
Germanic 03 ahd
klub : a lump or group
French
club
h
Persian UJ mon:3039
'
klub : a club or association u->*J5
English
club
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
kling : to cling
klimban : to hold on, climb
klud : , a hill, rock, cloud
klamp, klump, klut : a wooden shoe, clumsy person
klaijo : sticky mud
Geleb
Geli
Gelu
Gelu
Gem
see root: Gel
see root: Gel
see root: Gel
see root: Gel
see root: Geme
139
Geme Gen
Indo-European 03 pok:369
GeiTie, Gem : to marry
Avestan
03 POK:369; HRN:117; IEC:402
jama : kinship (daughter)
Zama-tar : son-in-law ®"Tsr 3
Sanskrit 03 IEC:402
jama : daughter
Greek 03ahd
gamOS : wedding
Pahlavi 03 mon:1487
damat : bride c
Persian 03 bqt:817
English 03 ahd
~X
damad : son-in-law, iUb
bride groom
-gamy, gamo-, polygamy
Geme-tar
Gen
see root: Ter3
see root: Gno
140
Gene 1 Gene 2
W
^
^
Indo-European 03 pok:373
~X
Gene 1 : to give birth to
Avestan 03 POK:373; SOD:462
Zan 1 : to give birth to
Zata 1 : born
a-Zata 1 : free born, noble
ni-Zati : race, generation
fra-Zaintis : offspring, child cr Pev 1
W
Sogdian ffl sod:462
Zfl : to give birth to
h
Persian 03 POK:373; BQT:34,995,1459,2134; HRN:181,231
'
zadan, zaTdan : to give birth to ( y| \ , ^Xol j ) ,vl j
mirzai: Nobel born, title of respect^ K .m.r \)yJ>
azad:free i\)\
nezad:race i\\i
farzand : child jjj i
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:376; knt:21 1
Zana 1 : human being
Sanskrit 03 pok:375
ja : made of
krmi-ja : a red dye "made of worms''^ War 2
h
Persian 03 bqt:1527
qermez : red y> 1
w
Arabic 03 kln:373
qirmiz:rerf
English 03 kln:373
crimson, carmine, kermes
W
Latin 03ahd
gener, gent, genius,
ingenium, germen,
natus (gnatus), prae-gnas
French
Persian 03 mon
^
English 03 ahd
genius, engine, engineer, general, gentle
pregnant, generation, nation, nature, Noel
W
Greek 03 ahd
genOS : race, family
eU-genOS : wellborn cr Su 1
French
Persian 03 mon
UJjV < Ot*"^' < Oj
0J3J'
^
English
gene, oxygen, hydrogen, Eugene
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
kundjaz : family
kundigaz : royal born, king
English
kind, king
Gene 2
see root.
Gno
141
Genu 1 | Geph
Indo-European 03 pok:381
GenU 1 -.angle, knee
Avestan 03 POK:381; SOD:184
ZnU, Znum:knee
Sogdian 03 S0D:184
jnwwq : knee
Greek 03 pok:381
gonia : angle, corner
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
kniwam : knee
^\
Persian 03 bqt:1000
ZanU : knee
y'J
Persian UJ mon
9Unia : set-square, right angle wy
English 03 ahd
diagonal, pentagon, polygon
English
knee, kneel
Indo-European 03 pok:381
Genu 2:
chin, jaw bone
W
Avestan
03 POK:381;SYN:221
zanu, zanva-. chin
Sanskrit 03 pok:381
hanU : jaw, chin
Germanic 03 ahd
kinnUZ : chin
^\
h
Persian 03 SYN:221; BQT:1036; HRN:148; VIE:12
'
zanax : chin ( /\|j3sij ) «j
caneh : chin <oU
i
Hafez A ji 4j ^L<vwi) ij j (Jjj <0 U>ji>
English
chin
W
Indo-European 03 pok:382
Geph, Gebh:
~X
Avestan
03 POK:382; KLN:833; SYN:221; DZA:58
Zaf- : mouth
Zaf-an : mouth
Zaf-ar : mouth
h
Persian 03 BQT:1024; HRN:589,663
'
dahan : mouth ■*[&}
Zafar : mouth i j
«L» ^j-^ 0^~i j^k)
Ferdowsf ol ) <0 O-US.9 0^5 } U 3 }
v*
^
Germanic 03 ahd
kabal :jaw
kaf : to chew
English 03 KLN:264,833
jowl :jaw
Chafer : a beetle
142
Ger 1 Ger 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:385
u6r 1 '.crooked, curved, round object
Sanskrit 03 pok:386
grath, granth: knot
Old Persian 03bqt:1803
gratha : knot, tie
gravatha : assemblage, group
W
Pahlavi 03vfO:25
groh : s
w
w
Italian 03 ahd:582,1516
grappo : assemblage
French
groupe
Germanic 03 ahd
grappon : a hook used for harvesting grapes
W | Old English 03 ahd | »-
~x
Persian 03 BQT:1803; MON:3280
gereh : knot
"J
h
Persian 03 mon
goruh : group oji
English
group
English
grape
English
cripple, creep, crutch, crank, crumb, crop, crib, cradle, cart
^
Dutch 03 AHD
crulle
This is a Middle Dutch word.
English
curl
143
Ger 2 Ger 2
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:390
~X
o6r £, oTGnO : to become ripe, grow old
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:390
Zar 2 : to grow old
Zarman : old man
zaryyan, zaurya:o«fi
a-Zarema-dligeda : ageless woman
^Ne 1 & Dheugh
Zara-UStra : "with old came/s' ,c *"wes 1
Some references (BQT:1011) link "zara" to
the Indo-European root "Ghel:yellow", thus
"zara-ustra" means (with) yellow camels.
Persian 03 hrn:143
POK:390
BQT:36,1015,1017
zar 2 : old
<i>^jj
) r ;3
zal : old
Jlj
Zar 1 : ///, weak
'h
zarvan : time
objj
AzarmTdoxt :
"ageless woman"
C-J*-Xjfl)jl
ZartOSt : Zoroaster
Gm*W j) i
U-vWjJ
Pahlavi 03 mon:199
arzan : m///sf
Persian 03 IEC:406
arzan :mmet < 0;; 1 > Ojj 1
W
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:406
jirna : caraway seed
Persian 03 IEC:406
zireh : c
/seed ( 1)8 jj )
>.°ji)>°ji)
Latin 03ahd
granum : grain
Italian
granitO : grained,
grained rock
French
03 KLN:674
ranite
qrar
Persian 03 mon:3223
geranTt : hard rock c^j\ S
English 03 kln:674
granite
V»
English 03 ahd
grain, granule, gravy, pomegranate
W
Middle German 03 ahd
Karl : (grown and mature) man
| French / English
Persian 03 mon
i/^J^ < WiJ^ ' JM '^-M "-^
English
Carl, Karl, Carolina, Charles
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
karnam : c
English
144
Ger 3 Ger 4
Indo-European 03 pok:391
u6r O : to awaken
~~\
Avestan 03 pok:391
gar 1 : to wake up
a-gara-yeiti : wakes up
Pahlavi 03 pok:391
VigraS : to awaken
Wigrad : awake
h
Persian 03 mon:621
b\dar: awake jlxo
Greek 03ahd
gregoriOUS : awake, watchful
Latin
gregonous
English
Gregory, Gregorian
Indo-European 03 pok:383; ieC:308
~X
Ger 4, Gurr, Gur6:
to cry hoarsely, growl
Sanskrit 03 pok:383
W I Germanic 03 ahd
jarate : to cry loudly
kre, kr6, kur : to cry, growl
kranu : crane
Greek 03ahd:1516
geranOUS : crane
Latin 03 AHD; IEC:308
grUS : crane
gurriO : churr, croon
Persian 03 MON:2411; IEC:308
gorridan : to grow/ ( Jiy> , ^|^£ , j; ) ^i/Ji
Persian 03 HRN:143; BQT:995
zar2:
<tsj'j> t j'j
English 03 IEC:308; AHD
crow, crack, croon, cur
crane
English 03 ahd
geranium
145
Geu 1 Geu 1
^
W
Indo-European 03 POK:394-398; POK:588-592
GeU 1, GU: to bend
Keu 1, Keup, Kumb, Kub,
KeLlb, KeUK 2 : to bend, curved, hump
Compare with root "Karri 2:to bend"
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 pok:398
gaosaka : c
Persian UJ bqt:1859
guseh:c
Uy
Persian UJ bqt:1731
KUSK : a room at the top corner of a castle, castle
{Wy ) u2*«y
W
Turkish
03 KLN:847
kiosk -.pavilion
French
kiosque
Persian UJ mon:3160
kTusk : kiosk S*»y$
English 03 kln:847
kiosk
Avestan 03 SYN:1051; SNS:90
gaona : hair, hair color
hamo-gaona: a// co/ors (everyone,) ^Sem 1
nT-gaona : downward^ NT 1
Sogdian 03 SQP:174
gwn'k:ha/r
W
Pahlavi
03 BQT:671
gon : color
Cigon: how
hamogen : an
ni-kun : downward
Persian 03 BQT:1861; MON:3473
gun : color ( XoA < ^^J , 4j£?; ) ^
negun : downward ( jLiyi , btfij»> ) 0^
Zargun : golden, a yellow mineral GY\e\ \S y \
W
French
jargon : a yellow
mineral
English
03 AHD:1489
zircon, zirconium
Persian
^yyj
w
W
Avestan
03 POK:394
gunda:oa// of dough
Pahlavi
03 POK:396
gumbat
dome
Persian 03 HRN:209; BQT:1843
gondeh : a lump of dough, I
o«LO
Persian 03 MON:3396; BQT:1836
gonbad : dome
Persian 03 POK:395; POK:589; LAT:488
gUZ : a lump on the back bone
giJZak : anMe
^
L
^
Old Persian 03 knt:178
kaufa : mountain
Greek 03ahd
gurOS : ring
14!
English
gyroscope
Geu 1 Geu 2
W I Avestan 03 POK:591 ,592; KLN:391
Indo-European 03 POK:394-398; POK:588-592
GeU 1, GU: to bend
Keu 1, Keup, Kumb, Kub,
KeLlb, KeUK 2 : to bend, curved, hump
See and compare with root "Kam:to bend"
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
kaofa : mountain
XUmba : bent container, pot
W
Pahlavi 03 hrn:195
Kof : mountain
XOmbak:ajar
Persian 03 BQT:768,1739;
WLD1:376
kuh : mountain
•/
kohan : camel's hump
( i&f ) $*$
XOm :jar
Ferdowst ^ J_^
43y j JiJil^J
w
^
Avestan 03 POK:395,588
kava : humped
fra-kava : humped front
apa-kava : humped back
Latin 03ahd
CUppa : curved-in pot
Cymbalon : curved-in
plate
Arabic
03 ARK:223; TAD:44
koab : cup
akvab : cups
Sanj : cymbal
Persian
03 MON:332,1336
TAD:44
akvab
cups, jars
V>ly I
Sanj : cymbal ( m^ ) m^
See root "Keg" for another possible derivation.
English
cup, hump, cymbal
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
haup : heap
English
heap, hip, high, height
W
Indo-European 03 pok:399
GeU 2, GeUa: to hasten
A
Avestan 03 POK:399; BQT:148 ►
Zavah, Zavar : power, force
api-zawar : tool
Persian ffl pok:399
BQT:148
HRN:149
ZUf 1 : force, power
S M
Zavar : power, force
ji'j
ZaV : powerful, strong
&
abzar, afzar : tools
jl>l
M
For a different derivation of "abzar & afzar" see
rool
"Ghe
2".
w
Avestan 03 POK:399; HUB:16
Zava : haste
aiwi-Zavayeiti : adds up^Ambhi
Persian 03 POK:399; BQT:1043; HRN:149; HUB:16
ZUfJ : fast soon
afzudan : to increase
03? < itfj* 1 < uM? 1
W
^
Old Persian 03 SOD:103
abi-javaya : to increase ^Ambhi
Sogdian 03 SOD:103
bj'w : to ii
147
Geu 3 Ghaise
Indo-European 03 pok:400
~X
Geu 3, Gyeu, Gieu -.to chew
W
W
^
Old Persian 03 pok:400
jutan : to chew
h
Persian ffl kln:275
'
javidan : to chew < (j^J\% , ^ fe ) ^jj^
Germanic 03 ahd
kewwan : to chew
English 03 kln:274
chew
Geua
Geulo
see root: Geu 2
see root: Dhogh
Indo-European 03 pok:399
~X
Geus
to love, favor, choose
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:399; knt:189 ►
ZaOSO : to agree
ZUStO : favorite
daUStar : friend
Persian 03 HRN:130; BQT:897
dlJSt: friend
C-w«0
Germanic 03 ahd
kiusan : to choose
English
choose, choice
^
Latin 03ahd:377
gUStUS : fasfe
dis-gOUSt:d/s/*e
English
disgust
Indo-European 03 pok:409; CEL5:7
Ghaido:
A
goaf
W
L
^
Armenian 03 CEL5:7; mon:1712
jag : young beast
Persian 03 CEL5:7; MON:1712
Zaq : young of any animal (J| \
Zciq-dan : womb^ See Dh8 2 Jjilj
Germanic 03ahd:1517
gat : goat
English 03 ahd
goat
Ghaise
see root: Ghei 2
14S
Ghait Ghdes
W
Indo-European 03 pok:410
Ghait, Ghaita :iraj/i«
~X
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:410; kln:264
gaesa, gaesu : hair
ges, gesuk-.hair
Persian 03 POK:410; BQT:1870
giS : hair ( yj) ) )J ^S
Hafez }y} y (^yi <U^L> 'j\ <J»^ < r J^ Jj> U
W
^
Greek 03ahd
Xaite : long hair
English 03 ahd
Chaeta : bristle v
Ghaita
see root: Ghait
Indo-European 03 pok:412; ieC:314
GhanS: goose
A
Persian ffl IEC:314; MON:2375
gaz : goose
Sanskrit 03 UEC:314; POK:412
hamsih :
Germanic 03ahd:1517
gans, ganr, ganoton : goose
English 03 ahd
goose, gander, gannet
Latin 03 ahd
anser, hanser:
Greek 03 IEC:314
khen:c
Ghau
Ghazal
Ghdes
see root : Gnu 1
see root: G.z.l
see root: Ghdies
145
Ghdhem Ghdhem
W
Indo-European 03 POK:414; SYN:16; AHD:1513
Ghdhem, Dhehem: earth
~x
Avestan / Old Persian 03 ahd; bqt:1032; knt:177
Zam : earth
w
Persian
Zamin: earth
C^J
Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:177
U-Vara-Zm\ : good ... land^ Su 1
The meaning of "vara" is not clear
W
Avestan / Old Persian ffl BQT:22(lntroduction),781; MON5:488
huvarazmis, xvarazmis, xvarizem:
An ancient city believed to be one of the original residences of the
Aryan people (Airyanemwaejo). Now it is known as "Khiva" in central
Asia between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, along the Amu Darya
L.
Persian UJ BQT:781,805; MON5:488,491; KLN:49
Xarazm , Kharazm : a city in central Asia, modern Khiva
fjj'j*
XarazmT : from Kharazm
yiM
XTveh, XTvaq : Kharazm
i3 v** * by*?*
Hafez JJjsc* U fjj'^ V {£& CUwbo JO - Jjww>5 0.3~^
OjJ y> b&\&
Kharazmf is surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammad ebn Musa, the great
mathematician of the ninth century. His great work "Al-Jabrwal
Moqabeleh" introduced the Arabic numerals and Algebra in Europe.
w
Arabic
AI-AWarazmT : the ninth century mathematician
W
Middle Latin 03 ahd:33; kln:49
algorismUS : the Arabic systi
'em of numerals
W
French
03 AHD:33
algorisme,
algorithme
Persian 03vop:17
algoritm : a type of computational
procedure
pijjyJI
^
English 03 kln:49
algorism, algorithm
W
Old Persian 03 knt:177
Ufj-Zma, UZma : grown up from ground^" 'ud 1
W
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
humUS : earth
homo : man
humanUS : kind
English
humble, humility
human, homicide
humane
Greek 03 ahd
gumon:man
English
bridegroom
150
Ghdies Ghe 2
Indo-European 03 pok:416
~X
Ghdies, Ghdes, Ghies, Ghes
yester
Avestan 03 POK:416; KLN:1762
Zy6 : yester
Pahlavi
dik
Persian 03 mon:1588
dl : yester ( l _JSjO < jj j£i ) ^ [Si
Sogdian 03 S0D:94
'zyy-myd: yesterday
Germanic 03 ahd
ges-ter : yestei
English
yester, yesterday
^
Indo-European 03 pok:418; kln:666
~X
Ghe 1, Ghei 3:togo, to let go, also to go without (lack)
Ghj-ghe-me : ; reach, meet with
Avestan 03 POK:418; KLN:666
Za 1 : to go
a-Za : go to, go near^^ Apo
UZ-Za, UZayantO : to spring up, burst open ^Ud 1
ZazatTH : 1 dismiss
ava-Zazami : ; let off (remove),^ Au 2
fra-zazami, upa-zazami : to let to, forward®" upo
Par 1
w
L
^
Germanic 03 ahd
gee-n : to c
English
go, ago, forego
Latin 03 ahd
hereS : one who goes without parents, orphan
English
heir, heredity, heritage, inherit
Ghe 2
see root: Ki 2
151
Ghebh-el Ghei
W
Indo-European 03 pok:423
Ghebh-el : head, top
Greek
03 POK:423; KLN:259
kephale : head
w
Italian 03 tad:65
CUffia : headband, scarf
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
gabl : top
Arabic 03 MON:2769; KLN:259
qiphaleh, al-qiphal : head
KLN:259 claims this is of an unknown
origin and is mistaken with the Greek
word by translators of Avicena
W
Latin 03 kln:259
CephalicUS : head
Arabic 03 tad:65
kufiyyah : scarf
^\
Persian 03 mon:2769
qTfal : head JliJ
English 03 ahd
cephalic
h
Persian ffl mon:3127
'
kufiyyeh : scarf CsS
English
gable
Indo-European 03 pok:419; ieC:418
Ghei, GhT, Ghia-.toyawn
Germanic 03ahd:1517
ginon:yawn
Greek 03ahd:1517
Persian UJ IEC:418; MON:2470; FRS:120
faZ : yawn
fazTdan : to yawn
Labfbf yj£\ 45 jl^J ^jli> eZj^jy <0 - }yi <Gy
Old English 03 ahd:1517
geonian:yaivn
khasma : yawning (wide open) gulf
Old Norse 03ahd:1517
gap : chasm
gapa : to open mouth
geispa : to yawn
English 03 ahd
yawn
English 03 ahd
chasm
English 03 ahd
gap, gape, gasp
152
Ghei 1 Ghei 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:425
~X
Ghei 1, Ghiem, Ghi, Khai, Kheh
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:425
Zem : cold
Zya 1 , ZyaO, Zimo : winter
w
w
Avestan 03 POK:425; KLN:728; SYN:1014
zaem, zyam -.winter
Sanskrit 03 pok:425
hima: snow
hima-alaya: home of s
^
Persian ffl BQT:1028,1032; FVF:320
Zam : cold p\
Zemestan : winter®* S& d^^J
areas with cold winters t , t
Zamhanr : a very cold place j> y&j& \
Jiw 0JJ» \3*U 'yi {j>t¥> AJhJCJ <J> ji
Manuchehrf jij^i iS^jtt+i ^J'^J^T" ^"^^ )^
W
^
Latin B3ahd
hibemUS : pertaining to winter
Persian ffl POK:425; SYN:1014
day : (first month of) winter
BQT:907 derives this word from the
Avestan root "datus: creator". See root "Do 2".
] tji
h
Persian ffl MON6:2320
'
himalaya : Himalayan mountains wU-J&
English
Himalayan
English
hibernate
153
Ghei 2 Ghei 3
^
Indo-European 03 P0K:41 0,424
~X
OilGI £: to propel, move forward
GhaJSe: spear
Avestan ffl POK:424; KLN:666; SYN:1384
Zaena 1 : weapon
Zaya : tools, equipment
Zayan : equipped, armed
Zaen6-hara : hold (your) weapon,
be care/u/^Dher 1
^
Pahlavi
03 ISS:16
abzar : tools
Persian UJ ISS:16
abzar, afzar : tools
jl>l.
W
For a different derivation of
these words see root "Geu 2".
'ersian ffl BQT:1054; PLA:162; FVF:2
Zin -.saddle
ab-Zin : water saddle, bath tub, ship
apsan : grinding stone
W
Arabic
03 PLA:162; FVQ:171; VDQ:260
Safari : to peel
safineh : ship
AFA:216 disagrees with this derivation
Persian 03 mon; vgh:74
Safineh : ship, book (of poems) <UwjLu
IJ^L-
jU
l/u^-*
Persian 03 HUB:60; HRN:116; BQT:1055
Zenhar: beware ( jujo} ) )\sj)
w
Avestan 03 HRN:149; DRM:290
Zaena 2 : chain ?
Zaena-dana : house of chains, prison^ Dhe 2
Persian 03 hrn:149
Zanj I r : chain -^3 )
zendan : prison tin)
Avestan 03 pok:424
Zaemi : eager
zaeman : active
zaenah-vant : watchful
Germanic 03 ahd
gaizaz : spear
English
garlic : (due to its spear shaped leaves)
auger, garfish
Oscar, Edgar, Roger, Gerald
Ghei 3
see root : Ghe 1
154
w
Indo-European 03 pok:427
GheiS, GheJZCj: to frighten,
to be angry
Avestan 03 POK:427; KLN:655
Zaesa, Zaesta : terrible, ugly
ZOisnU : shuddering
ZOizd-ista : most abominable ** Isto
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:472
Zyst : ugly
Germanic 03 ahd
gaistaz : a ghost
Gheis Ghel
~X
h
Persian ffl BQT:1021; HRN:147
'
Zest : ugly cJij
English
ghost
Gheizd
see root: Gheis
W
Indo-European 03 pok:429
Gheh
to shine, also a bright yellow color
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 POK:429; KLN:667; SOD:411
zarena, zari, zaranya, zairita, zareta : golden, yeiio-
W
Persian
03 HRN:145; BQT:1012
zar1: go « ^jj
• ^
Zard : yellow
*jj
Zardak : carrot
^jj
ZarniX : arsenic
JVJJ
Persian 03 HRN:145; BQT:1012
Zargun : go/den^* Gsu 1
i>y.
oyjj
w
French
jargon : a yellow
mineral
English
03 AHD:1489
zircon
zirconium
Persian
^yyj
W
Arabic 03 SKT:26; KLN:108
az-zarmx^Ai3
W
Greek
03 KLN:108
arsenikon
I Latin
I French
Persian UJ V0P:41
arsenik :
lXn^M )
^
English 03 kln:108
W
Sogdian 03 SQP:471
Zym : gold
w
w
^
Old Persian 03 knt:189
daraniya : gold
daraniya-kara : goldsmith^ Kwer
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:429
zahr, zara 1 : Me
Persian
Zahreh : bile, courage *}^J
155
Ghel Gheled
W
^
Indo-European ffl pok:429
OllGl : to shine, also a bright yellow color
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03ahd:236
xl6l"OS : greenish yellow color
xlorOS-phullon : green leaf (chlorophyll)
^Bhel
French
Persian 03 mon
kolor : chlorine J$
^
English
chlorine, chlorophyll
Greek 03ahd:817
XOle : bile
melan-XOlia : black bile, a disease 1 -^" 'Mel 1
W
Latin
melancholia
Persian 03 bqt:795,1947
mallXUlia : me/ancho/y ( \Jj> ) U&JiJU
W
Arabic
03 AFM:59; FVF:223
Xiyal : imagination
Arabic "xfyal" is a
distorted form of Persian
"xulfa:imagination".
Persian 03 mon:1466
Xiyal : imagination ( IXxi ) ijvj*
0'
uSji 3 ^w j-A-9 JiS 'j
J3
^+- I French
English
melancholy
Wl
Germanic
^
English 03 ahd
gold, yellow, glass,
gloss, glow, glad
h
Persian ffl mon:3513
gilas : a glass drinking cup ' iT^/US
Indo-European 03 pok:435
Gheled: ice, ha//
w
w
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:435
jada : hail, also cold and dry
Greek 03 ahd
Persian 03 BQT:1057; MON:1775; FSF:216
Zaleh : hail, dew <JK
Ferdowsf
Xalaza : hail stone, also any lump sum object, tumor
English
Chalazion : an eyelid tumor
15*
Ghen | Ghengh
Indo-European 03 pok:436
Gheil : to Me, chew
~~\
Avestan 03 pok:436;
gnixta : chewed
aiwi-gnixta : eaten up, eroded^ Ambhi
Germanic 03 ahd
gnag : to Me
gnatt : a biting insect
English
gnaw, gnat
W
Indo-European 03 POK:438; IEC:414,571
Ghengh : to proceed, step
KsengiOj ■ e
A
Avestan 03 POK:438; KLN:639; IEC:414
Zanga : ankle
ZangO : upper part of the foot
h
Persian 03 hrn:302
Zang : fcof (obsolete) Si)
w
w
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:414,571
janh : dash around
jangha: tower /eg
xanjami : amp
Persian 03 IEC:414
Jang : fight Si?
Xeng : (white) horse SlJ>
Germanic 03 KLN:639; AHD:542
gang : going, journey, passage
(a group of people going together)
English 03 kln:639
gang
gangster
Persian 03vop:303
gangester : gangster Z»SS6
157
Gher 1 Gher 2
Indo-European 03 pok:442, 444
~X
Gher 1, Gherd :to grasp, enclose
onOrdnO : an enclosed land, yard, garden
Avestan / Old Persian
03 WLD1:603; HRN:6; HUB:6; FFD:25
Zar 1 : to harm
a-Zcir : harm^ Apo
azara : oppressed
Persian UJ WLD1:603; FFD:25
azar:narm ( J 1 ^ ) J^
azordan : to harm ( «i jjl < O^j' j ' ^ CPjj '
Sogdian 03 S0D:55
pz m : to harm
Greek 03ahd
XOfUS : an enclosed
dancing group
I Latin
I French
Persian UJ mon:2927
kor:
a singing group
J
English
chorus, choir
W
Greek 03 kln:284
gr-on-os, chronos, xronos :
that which encloses all things, time
Arabic
03 TAD:56
qam : a century
Persian 03 mon:2665
qam : a century ( £y j& ) ^j}
W
Latin 03ahd:240
chronicUS : time
French 03 ahd; kln
chronique
English 03 ahd; kln
chronic, chronicle, chronological,
chronometer, synchronize
Germanic
English 03 ahd
yard, orchard, garden, kindergarten
^
Latin 03 ahd
hortUS : gardei
English
horticulture, court, courtesy, curtain
Gher 2
see root: Ghlad
15E
Gher 3 Gher 4
Indo-European 03 OEW:120; POK:439,457
onGT O : to scratch, scrape away
Ghrei, Ghreu -.tomb, grind
^\
Sanskrit 03 OEW:120
ghat : a place where sins are wiped away, a shrine
Greek 03 OEW:120
xriein, khriein: anoint
Christ: the anointed
English 03 OEW:120
Christ,
Christian, Christmas
Persian 03vop:281
krismas : Christmass
tr***ir
W
Turkish 03 OEW:120
XOrOZma : anointment
Old French
03 OEW:120
French
03 KLN:369
Persian 03vop:280
kerem : c
fi
^
V
English 03 kln:369
Greek 03ahd:240
XrOS : skin, rough surface
Xroma : complexion, color
French 03 ah D: 240
chrome
Persian 03vop:281
korom : chromium
koromOSOm : chromosome
fW
v»
English 03 ahd:240
chrome, chromium, chromosome
Greek 03ahd
kharax, XaraX : a pointed stake, character
Germanic 03 ahd
grautaZ : coarse, large
Celtic 03 ahd
graW : rough surface, gravel
English
03
AHD
character
English
03
AHD
great
English
03
AHD
gravel
Indo-European 03 pok:440
A
Gher 4:
to wish, desire, want
V
Avestan 03 pok:440
Zara 2 : desire, aim, target
Germanic 03 ahd
gernjan : want
gredllZ : hunger
English 03 ahd
yearn
greed, greedy
Latin 03 ahd
hortari
to urge
English 03 ahd
exhort
Greek 03 ahd
khoris. xoris:c
English 03 ahd
charisma, charismatic
155
Gherd Ghes
Gherd
see root: Gher 1
Indo-European 03 pok:445
Ghers:
to be horrified, to stare
Avestan 03 POK:445; KLN:744
ZrS, ZarS : to be horrified
Zarsayamna : ruffling one's feathers
Latin 03 pok:445
horrere : to be horrified
English
horror
Indo-European 03 pok:446
GhertO : milk, butter
W
Sanskrit ffl POK:446; AEF:40
gar : milk, also anything wet
a-gar : to soak, also to swallow
AEF:40 lists the Latin word
"Vorare:to swallow" as a cognate.
See root "Gwer 3:to swallow".
v.
^
h
Persian ffl POK:446; HRN:9; AEF:41; BQT:47
agar : wetness, humidity A& \
agarfdan : to soak ( ^jk~\ , ^ jUT) 0-^J^"
agestan : to soak in (mix with) 'Zjle I
agar : water puddles in a dried river x I
^V+U 3 ji) j' cT* A y?* <?/ )'
Naser-Khosrow j^| Jjto ^Jj-O J Jjl ^JjJ j^> ^lj
h
Persian 03 BQT:1465; FRS:98; MON:2520
'
fargaridan:tosoak cB "p8r 1 lPj*j*< lP^J^j*
fargar : soaked j\± i
fargar : little puddles of water in a dried river x 3
fargan : new river *-£ 3
fargandeh : roffen oJJii
Fairokht ji-ji •y ^ jy Uji IjUj^aS _ Ju° I J^yJ ^J> -iiS Uji ol jl
Ghes
see root: Ghdies
160
Gheslo Ghesto
Indo-European 03 pok:446
GheSlO thousand
Avestan 03 pok:446
hazanrem, hazangra : thousand
^
Greek 03 pok:446
Xilio : thousand
French 03 ahd
kilo-
V.
MrLatin 03 AHD; KLN:979; BQT:2080
SmT-gzlT : one thousandth^ Sam 1
milia paSUUm : thousand steps
milie : a measure of distance
Derivation of "millia" or "millie"
from "smf-gzir is not quite certain.
► French 03 ahd
v»
I Arabic
~X
h
Persian 03 POK:446; BQT:2331
hezar : thousand ,|y&
Persian 03 mon:3156
Kilo : thousand A£
English 03 ahd
kilo, kilogram, kilometer, kilowatt
Persian UJ MON:4505; BQT:2080
mil : a mile, a road marker L.A
«&j ^jJ-Jjjl ijS J^a Jwj
Persian UJ mon:4507
mill- : one thousandth A^ja
English
mile, millimeter, milligram, million, milliard
W
Indo-European 03 pok:447
Ghesto, Ghosto :/n/M
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:447; KLN:707; KNT:190
Zasta : hand
dasta : hand
dasta-karta : hand-made ^Kwer
abi-dasta, a-dsta: over hands, sleeve^
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:144
dst:hand
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:447
hastah : hand
h
Persian ffl BQT:854; AHM:220; MON
'
dast: hand C*0
Q\X*wvO i jVwO
astm:sfeere ( -^l ( ji»| ) ^z^\
Hafez ;> $ 'j\j^ 0U*O 3 4jy (V^l i^')
English ffl KLN:707
hasta : symbolic position of the hands in dancing
161
Gheu 1 Gheue
Indo-European 03 pok:447
Gheu 1 -.topour
^\
Avestan 03 pok:447
zaothra, zaothar, zaothr :/?o/y water
Avestan 03 POK:447; SOD:184
'
aZUtay : melted butter or fat
ZaV 2 : a kind of alcoholic beverage
Pahlavi
ZOt : holy water
Germanic 03 ahd
Latin 03 ahd
fundere :
to pour
English
funnel, fuse
French 03 ahd
refuse : poured back, rejected
W
Greek ffl OEW:124; FSD:66
Xymeia : infusion by pouring (mixing) liquids
KLN:45 does not accept this derivation {folk etymology)
W
Arabic 03 OEW:124; FSD:66
al-kimya : chemistry
KLN:45; OEW:182 & AHD:30 derive
this word from the Egyptian word
"khem: black". See root "Kers 2".
W
Latin 03 ahd
alchymia
French
^
Persian 03 MON:1761; BQT:1043
Zawr : holy water
(in Zoroastrian religion)
JSJ
English 03 kln
geyser, gust, ingot, nugget
h
Persian UJ mon:2599
fiyUZ : fuse \y3
Persian UJ mon:1665
reflJZeh : failed
V^J
English 03 ahd
refuse, confuse, refund, font
Persian 03 bqt:1759
kimiya ( ^y^S ) Lwi"
Hafez d-wJUb^ O C^ O <0 CwJuw
See "Kers 2" for another possible root.
h
Persian 03mon:2115
simT j^Ji
English 03 kln:45
alchemy, chemistry, chemical
Gheu 2
Gheu-bh
Gheue
see root : Ghu 1
see root : Ghu 1
see root : Ghu 1
162
Gheugh | Ghosto
Indo-European 03 pok:450
~X
Gheugh, Ghugh
to hide, conceal
Old Persian
03 POK:450; KNT:182; SOD:50; SYN:852
gaud : to hide
a-gaud : cover
apa-gaudaya : to uncorer^Apo
Sogdian 03 S0D:3,5
a-gaud, 'g'wd: cover,
barn, shelter
'g'wnd: to cover
Persian
03 MON:6
agol : barn Ai \
Avestan 03 POK:450; KNT:182; SYN:852
gUZ, gaOZ : to conceal
fra-gauzayanta : to conceal
Sanskrit 03 POK:450; KNT:182
giihati : conceals
Ghi
GhT
Ghia
Ghiem
Ghies
Ghi-ghe-me
see root : Ghei 1
see root: Ghei
see root: Ghei
see root : Ghei 1
see root: Ghdies
see root : Ghe 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:451
onlcld : to sound, to ring
Avestan 03 pok:451
Zrada : linked a
Pahlavi 03vdQ:257
zrih
h
Persian ffl POK:451; HRN:146; BQT:1019
Zereh : armor j»j
Arabic 03 VDQ:257
Zard, Sarad: armor
Zarrad : armor maker
Persian 03 mon:1729
Zarrad : armor maker
W
Indo-European 03 pok:439,451
Gher 2-.tocaiiout
^
r
Germanic 03 ahd
gretan : to moan
grotjan : to speak
English
regret
greet
Ghordho
Ghosh
Ghosto
see root: Gher 1
see root : 6us 1
see root: Ghesto
163
Ghou-ro-s Ghreu
Indo-European 03 pok:453
GllOU-rO-S : terrifying
W
Sanskrit 03 pok:453
G6rah : terrifying
^
"~X
►
Persian 03 hrn:210
gUf: grave
gurab : the dome built over a grave
jy
w
Indo-European 03 pok:455
Ghrebh: seize
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:455; SOD:237
grab : to grab
paiti-grab : accept^ Pev 3
gerew-aiti, gerewn-aiti : he seized
gauru-ayeiti, garb-ayaiti : he seized
ni-gereptO: to he pressed down ^Ni 1
W
W
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:167
gfb : to grab, understand
Germanic 03 ahd
grab : to c
Persian 03 BQT:374,1797,1802
gereftan : to grab, take !y^j>
paziroftan : accept ( ^i^ ( ^ ) tfij^
gem : collateral ( $*$ ) « $
jIXm£ \#y% £*»~3 ^Ua >jJ> <Ui>jJ>
Hafez jb- j^ji j siU jji jb- <Ujj>-
SNS:322 claims that Persian "gero: collateral"
is derived from "garfveh: neck" meaning to
accept responsibility. See root "Gwer 3".
English
grab, grasp
Ghrei
see root: Gher3
Indo-European 03 pok:458
GhreiTl: anger
Avestan
03 POK:458
gram : anger
Germanic 03 ahd
gnmmaz, grum
Persian UJ POK:458; MON:2413; FRS:187
gOZm, gOZm : anger f'x , f Sp
Rudakt i^jsjijl Ij Ji>£ j> ^1 Xolj _ ,p*i<p" (jl> )l oiw^j- j ijjl f'ji j^J:
English
grim, grumble
Ghreu
see root: Gher3
164
Gh.r.f Ghua
Arabic 03 KLN:237; SAP:1152
~x
Gh.r.f
to draw water
w
Arabic 03 kln:237
gharraf : drinking jug
I
h
Persian ffl FVA:296; MON:308
'
egteraf : to draw water by hands ^j\ £s\
► | Spanish 03 ahd:201
French 03ahd:201
^
English 03 kln:237
Carafe : a glass bottle
^
Indo-European 03 pok:413
A
GIlU 1, GhaU, GheUe, GheU 2: to call for help, appeal
Indo-European 03 ahd
O n U "tO : God, one who is called upon for help
W
Avestan 03 WLD:599; KLN:413
Zavaiti : invoked, God
W
Pahlavi 03 hub:54
XVatay : God
See root "Aiw" for a
different derivation
Persian 03 BQT:718; HRN:104; FSF:159
Xoda : God (who is called upon for help)
Xadieve : governor, king
Xajeh : master
Ferdowst jjjj» j (V^fj' JJW J £■>« *+>
See above references for more details
\1>
W
Germanic 03 ahd
Gudam : God
English 03 ahd
God, good-bye, good-night
v*
Indo-European 03 knt:182
Gheu-bh:
to speak
C
Old Persian
03 BQT:1821; FFD:75; KNT:182
gaub, gub : to speak
w
Pahlavi
03 FFD:75; MON:3333
guftan : to tell
^
Persian 03 FFD:75; HRN:206; BQT:1775,1821; MON:3195
goftan : to tell
goptan : to tell, say
gap : gossip
Ghu2
Ghua
see root: Dinghw
see root: Dinghw
165
Ghuel Gieu
W
Indo-European 03 pok:489
~X
Ghueh
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:489
ZUrah : lie, cheat
Pahlavi
I
h
Persian ffl HRN:147; ETM:67; POK:489
'
zur2:/» r j5 .
w
L
Greek 03 pok:489
phalos : lie
Arabic 03 ETM:67; VDQ:240
ZUf : lie (against God)
taZVtr : pretence
mozavver : nar
Persian 03 etm:67
taZVtr : pretence
mozavver : nar
Jto's
^
Latin 03 pok:489
fall6-ere : to falsify
falsUS : lie
English 03 AHD:470,473
false, fail, failure
Ghugh
see root: Gheugh
Indo-European 03 IEC:347
Ghuk, Ghukos :
hoot, whoop
^
L
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:347
ghukah:ow/
Persian 03 IEC:347; MON:2454
giik : frog ( ^ ) Oj*
Middle German 03 IEC:347
gUCken: a kind of bird
Ghukos
Ghumbo
Ghu-to
GT
Gieu
see root: Ghiik
see root: Gwa
see root : Ghu 1
see root: Gei
see root: Geu 3
166
Glei Glue
^
Indo-European 03 pok:401; knt:192
olGI :to swell, Increase
GreJOS: expanse
Old Persian 03 pok:401; syn:37
drayah :
I,
(•Pahlavi 03 MON:1730; BQT:847
drai-ap : sea wafer, sea^Ab 1
W
Avestan 03 POK:401; SYN:37
zrayah, zarayah -.body of water, :
^
Sogdian 03 SQP:465
Zry : sea
"~X
Persian 03 MON:37; BQT:847; HRN:125; POK:401
darya : s
k}>
Pahlavi
03 MON:1730; BQT:1010
Persian 03 bqt:1010
zrah : s
"JJ
Glue
see root: Gel
167
Gno | Gogelos
W
Indo-European 03 pok:376
~X
Gno, Gen, Gene 2.
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:376; BQT:1298
zan 2, zana 2 : to know
dan, dana-. to know
Persian 03 bqt; ffd:53
Zand : interpretation of the Avesta book Jj V
Zandiq : familiar with the Zand book (non-Moslem) *i>JJ )
danestan : to know ( ^b < bb ) ,y»ib
dan : with knowledge in ( ^b j0 < ^IJJc**) ) " £)0 _
Daqfqf
j>. 3' f ] s*j>. b ^J '
><6
-43Jj' pb '^-"jj
^.
Old Persian
03 POK:376; BQT:1298
XSna : to know
Persian 03 SPG:216
senaxtan : to r
Vajdt
I y ,iJc>w> ^>y* *^y J^ J^" )^ - I ) y ^Jc>UJU y jjjl )-wi> VM .■
Sanskrit 03 pok:377
pra-jan : one who knows in advance,
one who has perception, wise ^^ Perl
Pahlavi
03 BQT:1459; HRN:181
farzanak : v
Persian
Farzaneh
^b?
Germanic 03 ahd
know, kunnan
English
know, can
Latin 03 ahd
gnocere, nocere 1 -.get to know
T-gn6rare :not to know, ignore^ Ne 1
ndb\\\S : well known
norma : rule, pattern
L
French
h
Persian ffl mon:4704
p
normal : normal \j\fi3
p
not: a tone 0<J * C-j
nobel: noble U-j
English
note, notify, notorious, acquaint, recognize
ignore, noble, norm, normal, abnormal, enormous
W
Greek 03 ahd
gignoskein: to know
^
English 03 ahd:563
gnosis : intuitive apprehension of spiritual truths
diagnosis
Indo-European 03 IEC:287
~X
Gogel, Gogelos : knob.
tapering object
w
^
Armenian 03 IEC:287
kakgi : lime tree (from the fruit shape)
Persian 03 IEC:287; MON:3306
gazar: carrot
$
Gogelos
see root: Gogel
168
Gotra Guel
Sanskrit 03hrn:211
Gotra:
race, origin, substance
W
Pahlavi ffl hrn:211
gohar : substance, material
^
~X
Persian ffl BQT:1862; PLA101; ARK:249; FSF:302
gohar : substance, anything of value, gem
Ferdowsr ^'^ y^^ j 3 j'-^5 3 -U^ 1 ^ >> - ^'y^- 3 J^3""^ 3 3 ^M 0' V?"
Indo-European 03 pok:404
GraS:toea(
W
Greek 03 pok:404
gangraina, gagrajna
decay of tissue (in a limb)
I Arabic 03 bqt:1339
Persian 03 mon:2383
ganqraya : gangrene
i\i , [>)Jo\i
w
^
Latin 03ahd:542
gangraena
English
gangrene
W
Indo-European 03 pok:456
~X
Gredh:
to walk, go
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:456: FFD:71
aiwi-grad-mahi : we begin
gerezdi : agreement
gra : to lean toward
Pahlavi
03 FFD:71
gray : to lean
toward
Persian 03 FFD:71; BQT:1783; VSF:16
grayTdan : to be inclined hi*>\S
Nezamt Xo jSUJUw «*> \j ysloj* ^5
v*
Latin 03 pok:456
gradi, gressus : to walk, ,
gradus : step
French 03 ahd
grade, congres
Persian 03 mon:3102,3212
kongereh 2 : congress ' ajc$
.M jX^w i 2>p
v»
^
■*
English 03 ahd
grade, congress, centigrade, degree, gradient
English 03 ahd
aggressive, progress, regression, ingredient, graduate
Greios
Greno
Gu
Guel
see root: Glei
see root: Ger2
see root : Geu 1
see root: Dhogh
169
Guha Gurdos
Guha
Guheguh
Guhei
Gul
Gulgul
Gumnos
Gunos
see root: Gwhi
see root: Dhogh
see root: Gwhi
see root: Dhogh
see root: Gwer3
see root: Nogw
see root: Nogw
Persian 03 mon:3434
Gurb, Kurb
: stocking
W
( v* Jx •* V*Jx
Arabic ffl FVF:177; ARB:101
jaurb, jaurab : stocking, sock
J.f.b : he wears socks
h
Persian ffl mon:3434
JUrab : stocking, sock ^j\ **p
w
Portuguese ffl kln:678
greba : leg or shin protection
^
Old French 03 kln:678
greve : shin armor, shin
English 03 kln:678
g reave : leg armor
AHD:577 derives this word
from a different root.
Indo-European 03 IEC:307
Gurdos, Gurdus:
brave, proud
<+
w
^
Old Persian
03 BQT:1786; HUB:91
Vtra, Vurt:hero
Pahlavi 03 BQT:1786
gort, gurt:hero, strong
Armenian 03 IEC:307
kord : rough
Persian 03 HRN:200; BQT:1786; IEC:307
gord : strong, hero <iljij> ( ^taj> ) >J>
Ferdowst ijJLrf JjLu Ji jl <lij_Jjl t$
Indo-European 03 IEC:373
A
Gurdos, Gurdus : sluggish,
stupid
w
L
^
Latin 03 IEC:373
gurdus : stupid
Persian 03 IEC:373; MON:3470
gul : stupid ( ^jf- Jy , ^j Jy ) Jy
Moiavr ;> A Jy [Sy" <£■£> -^ y ^^ - ^^ Jy 1 H ^ ou^laiwi oJj ^1
Greek 03 IEC:373
bradus : sluggish
Latin 03 IEC:373
bardus : stupid
170
Gurdus G.v.l
Gurdus
Guro
Gurr
see root: Gurdos
see root: Ger4
see root: Ger4
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:74
GCiySna:deer, sfag
W
Avestan 03 ISS:74
gavasna : deer
Pahlavi 03 ISS:74; BQT:1754; UNV:56
gwzn, gavazan
Persian UJ bqt:1754
gavazn:deer \\£
^
Sogdian 03 SOD:180
gwzn : deer
Semitic 03 fva:304
~X
U.V.I : to take suddenly
^ I Arabic ffl fva:304
gala : he took suddenly
gul : one who attacks suddenly, demon
Umme-gTIan : "mother of demons",
referring to desert bushes
believed to nourish demons. ^ Umm
Persian ffl FVA:304; MON:4261; BQT:2023
gul : demon, large person (J^p
gaeleh : difficulty <JJU
mogTIan : desert thorn bushes (ii^fi
Hafez jj%ji A ^A^J-fi jl> JJO y l$JUj>^
V k
^
English 03 KLN:48,655
algol : the demon star
ghoul : demon
111
Gwa Gwa
Indo-European 03 pok:463
Gwa, Gwa, Gwen 2 : to walk,
to step, to come, to go
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
v*
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:463; kln:318
gam : to come, step
jam, jantu:togo
w
^
w
Avestan 03 pok:463
gaman : step
a-gam : to come ^Apo
ni-gama : come down (in sheath) ** NT
paiti-gama : come forth (with a message)
®"psr3
Persian
03 HRN:11;
BQT:434,1765,2223; SPG:217
gam : step
r*
amadan : to come
( oJ»*{
)0^ 1
niyam :
sheath
fLj
payam
Molavf
message
Avestan 03 bqt:166,1451
f ra-jama : gone forward (to a destination) ** Par 1
han-jama : conclusion ^Ssm 1
han-jamana : coming together'^' Sam 1
Persian UJ etm; ffd
farjam : end ( ^xJbtjB ) flj-ji
anjam : conclusion ( AX^lp^l ) f lp*3l
anjoman : society, meeting
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:463; knt:183
gat, gathu, gav, gatUS -.place, seat, throne
Cja{U-bar : (baby) carriage ^Bhsr 1
Persian 03 bqt:1771,1773
gah 2 : place, position, rank ' o\)
W
Arabic
03 FVF:144
jah : rank
Persian 03 mon
jah : position q\?-
W
^
Old Persian 03 BQT:2368; KNT:212
ham-gmatana, hangmatana : (a place for) coming together
®"Ssm1
Persian 03 bqt:2368
Ekbatan (^Ij^a) ^tiLS"!
Avestan / Old Persian
03 PLA:146; NYB:228; SBK:203
jamana : a step (period) of time
thaman : time
h
Persian 03 mon:1746
zaman : time aUj
Fsrdowst j^jj j jl *)b; i^U} ^^ ^
w
Arabic ffl PLA:146; NYB:228
Zaman : time
KLN:951 derives this from Akkadian "Simanu:
appointed time". NYB:228 claims they are
ultimately from Old Persian "jamana:time".
h
Persian 03 mon:1746
'
mozmen : old .j,j*
azmaneh : times ojl
w
Avestan / Old Persian 03 bqt:2383
gama : a step (period) of time
han-gama : at the same time, during ^Ssm 1
^
h
Persian 03 bqt:2383
'
hengam : during plSjj&
172
Gwa Gwadh
W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:464,465
^
Indo-European 03 pok:463
Gwa, Gwa, Gwen 2 : to walk,
to step, to come, to go
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
aiwi-gaiti : to come here^Ambhi
ni-jama : birth, origin, race
gemton : to give birth to
gimsenin : birth
gemmons : born
Greek 03 ahd;KLN
bainein : to go, walk, step
dia-bainein : going across (referring to excessive
thirst and urination due to diabetes) ^^ Dwo
akro-bates : stepping on tiptoe^ Ak
French
Persian 03 mon:75,1588
olyy I < C*>W
English 03 ahd
diabetes, acrobat
French 03ahd:110
basse, baSSin : base, bottom
I
Persian 03 V0P:83
basan : buttock, hip
Cr*^
English 03ahd:110
base, basic
Latin 03 ahd
Venir: to come
English
avenue, event, prevent, invent
Germanic 03 ahd
kuman : to c
English
come, become, welcome, income
Indo-European 03 IEC:425
Ghumbo
: start, move, jump
r
Pahlavi 03 mon:1244
junbitan : to r
^
Persian 03 MON:1244; IEC:425
jonbtdan : to move qj
Gwa
see root.
Gwa
Indo-European 03 pok:465
~X
Gwadh:
Avestan 03 pok:465
Vi-gath6 : ravine, canyon^ Wi
Sanskrit 03 pok:465
gahate : immersed
Vi-gaha : depth
Greek 03ahd:1519
buSSOS 2 : bottom of the s
Latin 03 ahd
abyssus
English 03 ahd
abySS : a bottomless void or pit, hell
173
Gwag | Gweguos
Gwag
Gwak
see root: Wag 2
see root: Wag 2
^•Avestan
Indo-European 03 pok:465
A
Gwebh 1 : to dip, sink
03 POK:466
jafra : deep
Pahlavi
03 FVA:293
zafr
Persian UJ BQT:1059; HRN:152
Zarf: deep ( Ujj ) Jjjj
w
^
Greek 03 pok:466; ahd
baptein : to dip
English
Baptist
Indo-European 03 pok:466
Gwebh 2 :
slime, sliminess, toad
Old Persian 03 pok:466
gabawo : toad
Germanic 03ahd:1519
quabbeln : to shake like jelly, tremble
English
quaver, quiver
^
Indo-European 03 pok:466
A
GWGClh : to injure, destroy
Avestan 03 POK:466; SYN:1024
gantay, ganti, gainti: bad smeii
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:164
gnC : bad smelling
Persian UJ BQT:1841; HRN:208; SYN:1179
gand : stink
gandidan : to rot
AM
\MAM
W
Old Persian ffl SYN:1024; KNT:183
gasta : offensive, evil
w
^
Pahlavi 03 mon:3314
gasta : ugly
Persian 03 MON:3314; SYN:1024
gast : bad, ugly CnS
£-w» <l> </*&£ jjj\ jjju /y»\& tjr
Gweguos
see root: Wag 2
174
Gwei Gwei
W
Indo-European 03 pok:467
Gwei : to live
~~\
Avestan / Old Persian
03 KLN:1288; POK:467,750; SNS:173; SOD:91
jiva, jlta, jva : living
mereZU-jlta : short lived, short
hu-jyati : healthy, prosperous^" Su 1
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:606,1038
Zivastan : to live
Zivandak : mercury, "living (metal)"
Persian 03 mon
ZlStan : to live
{/***&
zendegT : life ( 8 jjj ) ? jjj
jlVeh : mercury (o^jpf) >J>J
W
Arabic 03 pla:102
zibaq
Persian UJ mon:1768
zibaq : r,
&IJ
V
L
Avestan 03 bqt:1872
gay6-maretan : perishable life (man) cr Mer 2
Persian UJ BQT:1872; ZMA:21
K\UmarS : "mortal r.
,J fy?
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:467
gaetha : to exist
gaetha-nam : existing things
gaitha : living property, cattle
Pahlavi 03 hrn:212
getik, gete : world
gehan : world
Persian UJ bqt:1868
gitl : world lS
keyhan : world (^l^») ^\%S
w
Avestan 03 pok:468
zira, a-zira: alert
h
Persian ffl faf:28
'
Ztrak : alert, smart
^jti
aZI f : alert, warning siren, smart
<J*J> j£} ]
Ferdowst Ji\j ^ j j£ j 1; jjj j ^
& - J^u jij* 3 Li'jW ' ) ^^
w
Latin 03ahd
Viva, VIVere : to live, life
French
vitamine
h
Persian 03 mon
Vitamin : vitamin !r^>, 9
English
vital, survive, vitamin
W
Greek 03ahd
bios : life
mikro-bios : little creature
hu-gies : good life, good health *" Su 1
French
microbe
Persian
03 MON:4500
mikrob :
microbe
u#> jXya
English
microbe
, biology, hygiene
^
w
^
Greek 03 ahd; oew:135
ZOe : life
ZOidion : carved animal figure
English 03 0EW:135
zoo, zoology
zodiac
Germanic 03 ahd
kwi-kwaz : living, full of energy
English
quick
175
Gweie Gwel 1
Indo-European 03 pok:469
~X
Gweie, Gweye :to overpower, defeat
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:469; SOD:470
Z\nat: to injure
zya 3, zyani : injury
Avestan
03 POK:470; HRN:197; FFD:70
ga 2 : to rape
gamO : sexual intercourse, rape
Pahlavi 03 hrn:197
gatan : to engage ir
sexual intercourse
Persian
UJ
BQT:1050
ziyan : loss,
damage
ckj
Persian
UJ
HRN:197; FFD:70
gadan
Avestan 03 pok:469
Zayai : to defeat.
Zya 4 : defeated, diluted
Old English 03 ahd:1070
aCWencan : to quench
English 03 ahd
quench
Indo-European 03 pok:472
~X
Gwel 1 :
to throw, reach
W
W
Avestan 03 POK:472; KLN:143
ni-gra-ire : they are thrown down 1 * NT 1
ni-gar
Greek 03 ahd
ballein : to throw
para-ballein : to throw (set) beside,
to talk to a group ^^ Perl
SUm-ballein : throw together, compare ** Sam 1
dia-ballein : to throw across, slander'^' Dwo
dia-bolos : slanderer, daw/** Dwo
French 03 ahd
parler : to talk
Symbole : signs
(used for comparison)
I,
Persian
03 MON:1981
\jef*&»> < O^jH
English
parliament
W | Latin 03 ahd
English
ballistic, parabola, hyperbola, metabolism, problem, symbol, devil
Arabic 03 FVQ:47; KLN:496
eblis, iblis:dsw/
Persian 03 bqt:83
ebllS : devil
\J~pV
W
Greek 03 ahd
ballizein : to dance
French
bal, ballet: dance
I
h
Persian 03 mon:466
balet:oa/fe( cJl>
English
ballet
V»
^
English
ballroom, ballad
17!
Gwel 2 Gwelbh
Indo-European 03 pok:470
Gwel 2 : to pierce
W
Greek ffl POK:470; KLN:1068
Obelos, Obolos : spike, nail,
also nail-shaped Greek coins, money
obeleKOS : a narrow pointed stone pillar
W
Arabic 03 ARK:232; TAD:52
fals : money, also the scales on fish skin
fluS : coins
eflas : poverty
mofles : poor
W
Latin ffl kln:1068
ODOluS : spike, a narrow pointed
stone pillar, also a Greek coin
^
~X
Persian ffl bqt:428
pul : money
^
Persian ffl FVA:319; BQT:428; ARK:232
fals : money, fish scales
eflas : poverty, not having money
mofles : poor, without money
English ffl KLN:1068; SKT:354
Obol : an ancient Greek coin
obelus : a line-shaped symbol (-)
used in marking manuscripts.
obellSK : a narrow pointed stone pillar
Indo-European 03 pok:473
Gwelbh -.womb
Avestan 03 POK:473; KLN:483
garewa : womb
garebllS : young animal
Greek 03 POK:473; KLN:483
delphllS : womb
delphlS : a marine mammal, dolphin
adelprlOS : born from same womb (brothers)
phil0-adelph0S:(jrofteriytoi/e®"Bhili
I Arabic 03 tad:28
W
English
dolphin, Philadelphia
- Persian UJ
MON:1552
dolfin
ifiF>
Persian
FTIadelfiya
UJiXJ
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
kilbur:
young animal
English
calf
177
Gwen 1 Gwer 1
Indo-European 03 pok:473
~X
Gwen 1, Gwena, Gwuna:
woman, female
Avestan 03 POK:473; SYN:82
gna, gena, zaini, jani : woman
h
Persian ffl POK:473; BQT:1033
Zan : woman, wife \ \
Sanskrit 03 pok:473
gna, guna, jani, kan, kanya:
Germanic 03 ahd
kweniz : v
English
queen
Greek
gune : woman
I Latin
English
gyno-, gynecology
Gwen 2
Gwena
see root: Gwa
see root : Gwen 1
Indo-European 03 pok:476
Gwer 1 : heavy
Avestan
03 POK:476
goum : heavy
h
Persian ffl BQT:1781; MON:3214
geran : heavy, expensive
Hafez *XS#+fl \J2> CUuwJ ^IjS jU /J>J 2>jfl m
Latin 03 ahd
gravis : heavy
English
grave : serious
gravity, grief
Greek 03 ahd
barUS : heavy
barOS : weight
French
h
Persian 03 mon:451,452
^
^
English
barium, barometer
Hi
Gwer 2 Gwer 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:478
Gwer 2, Gwere 1
to praise, welcome, sing
Avestan 03 pok:478
gar 2, gard, grad, grd, grnati : to can, pray
garo-gar : fulfiller of prayers, God
garo-demana : house of prayer, sky ** Dam
paiti-gar : to speak against, blame ** Par 3
W
Pahlavi ffl mon:3214
gar-amik : revered, respected
W
^
~X
Persian 03 HRN:202,204; BQT:1793-18
geristan -.to cry < tjj , \ ,jj> ) ^J
garogar:God J^J
garzman : sky O^jj^
paygareh : Name jjU^; , ojU^
5 3 5 ji^> Xwj -^wj^ ^ oo 3
Naser-Khosrow
h
Persian 03 MON:3214; IEC:376
geramT : dear, respected it\S
Latin 03ahd
gratUS : agreeable, grateful
gratia : favor
English
grace, gracious, grateful, agree, congratulate
175
Gwer 3 Gwer 3
W
WfOld
Indo-European 03 pok:474
~X
Gwer 3, Gwere 2 :
Avestan
03 POK:474; KNT:199
gar 3 : to swallow, devour
jaraiti : swallows
garah : throat
Pahlavi
03 HRN:207
gariik : throat
Persian 03 POK:474; BQT:1832; MON:3334
galu : throat J$
gal : throat, heck, a harrow pass ( U qA> ) ,0
Compare with "gal: mountain" from root "Gwer 4".
W
Avestan 03 knt:199
pati-gara : a cup "for drinking"
®"per3
Persian 03 knt:199
pTyaleh : drinking cup or bowl ( <JU*J ) <JL>
"V "V
MON:862 lists "pfyaleh" as a cognate of Greek "piale"
Persian 03 knt:199
gar : to devour
^ I Avestan 03 POK:475; BQT:1807
griva : neck, also a hump
griva-pan -.protector of neck, collar'^' Pa
For sense development from "neck" to "hump" compare
Indo-European roots "Men 3:to stand out" and "Mon:neck".
Also compare with derivatives of root "Gwer 4".
W
Greek 03ahd
bronXOS : throat
French
W
L
Latin 03ahd
VOrare : to swallow
Indo-European 03 IEC:265,305
Gargelos, Gulgulu/ue
]T
^
'
L
Sanskrit 03 IEC:265
gargarah : gargle
^
Latin 03ahd
gurges : throat
gurgulio : windpipe
Persian UJ SYN:233; BQT:1807
gariveh : mountain, hilly land jy j
gariban : co//ar O^Lr
Persian 03 mon:514
bronsit
'3/.
English
bronchitis
English 03 ahd
voracious, carnivorous
Persian 03 IEC:265,305; MON:1408
gergereh : gargle
xerxereh : throat
golgol : boil, gargle
English 03 ahd
gargle
180
Gwer 4 Gwhder
W
Indo-European 03 pok:477
Gwer 4 -.mountain
~~\
Ave stan
ffl POK:477; KLN:374; SYN:25
gain : mountain
Compare with derivatives
of the Indo-European
root "Gwer 3".
Pahlavi
B3SNS:318
gar 1 : mountain
Persian ffl MON:3212; SNS:318
gar 1 : mountain
garsah : a male
name
It literally means "king of mountains'
W
Old Slavic 03 kln:374
CUrva : mountain
CurvatinU : a mountainous
area in former
Yugoslavia, Croatia
French 03 kln:368
Chorwat : Croatina and its people
Cfavate : neckpiece worn by the
Croats, a fashion in Croatina
Persian 03 mon:2930
kravat : cravat
:\J
^
^
English 03 kln
Croat, Croatia, cravat
Gwere 1
Gwere 2
see root: Gwer 2
see root: Gwer 3
Indo-European 03 pok:479
A
GweS, ZgWeS : to extinguish
Sanskrit 03 pok:479
jaS : extinguished,
exhausted, wounded
Avestan 03 hrn:145
Zaxya : wound
h
Persian ffl bqt:1007
Zaxm : wound -J* \
Zaxmeh : plectrum A&p-j
Greek 03 kln:111
a-sbenunairnofexf/ngu/shaWe^^Ns 1
English 03 ahd:78
asbestos
Gweye
see root: Gweie
Indo-European 03 pok:487
Gwhder : to flow, run
^\
Avestan 03 pok:487
XSar : to flow
Sanskrit 03 pok:487
ksa : to flow
Persian 03 HRN:172; BQT:1223-1265
saridan : to flow ( ^XtJb ) &X>j\A
p p p —
181
Gwhedh Gwhen 1
Indo-European 03 pok:488
~X
Gwhedh:
to ask, wish, want
W
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:488; WLD:673; SYN:1471; HRN:470
Za 3, gad : to want, wish, beg
zaidhyemi, zadiyamiy : ; wish
hu-jasta : wett wished, blessed^" Su 1
a-zasta
Persian 03 BQT:717,1453,1776; HRN:470
geda : beggar | j£
XOJasteh : blessed C«^C> i < C-^C>
W
Arabic 03 fvf:565
kada:
^
^
Persian UJ FVF:565; FVA:349
takaddT
W
Indo-European 03 pok:491
Gwhen 1 : to swell, fill
PART 1
~x
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian 03 zma:49-51
San, Syangh : house, household
Cognate with "kan 1, xan, gan 1: to dig out an mound up {a shelter)"
W
Pahlavi 03 BQT:46; ZMA:49-51
San : house,
shelter
a-san-ak :
house
hu-sangh
with good
household^ Su 1
Persian 03 ZMA:49-50; BQT:46,2395
San : house ( V-UA /J" x>< <G W - i ^) W - ) /J"
4iLw£l <i3i~^I <4jud <^uo </Jy5
Sandaf : house tambourine ** Deru 1 ij JJwfc
HlJZSang: owner of good household^ Su 1 Sx&Jb
See "Kweye" for another possible root of "asfyan{eh)".
W
Sanskrit 03 prt:75
gana : ditch
Xanda : a broken
lump of sugar
Persian 03 bqt:1544
qand: sugar (^IjliS^bliS ^IjjJ ,f ljJ*S).uS
Hafez ilyi jjj j i_j^>IS r)U) cii?-u>- <0 _ v> Ja9u> ^L&3 jS_i <Cii j li_i
W
^
Arabic 03 kln:231
qandat : sugar candy
French
English 03ahd:196
candy
182
Gwhen 1 Gwhen 1
Indo-European 03 pok:491
Gwhen 1 : to swell, fill
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:491; HRN:194; BRT:583; ZMA:49
kan 1, Xan, gan 1 :to dig dirt out and mound it up
Cat : well
x;
^
Pahlavi
03 HRN:194; BQT:1707; SNS:8,155
kantan, xandan : to dig
kandak : a dug-in house
Xanig : spring, water pond
Cah : well
Persian 03 BQT; HRN:186; FVF:593
kandan : to dig ( $ ) ^jj£
kandak : places dug out in a house OJJ*5
kanduk : grain silo, bee hive O5JJO
^it-Greek 03:
konda, kondu : a drinking vessel
Derivation from Persian is debated.
Italian 03 SKT:217; PRT:260
gonda, gondola : gondola
(due to its shape)
English
03 SKT:217
gondola
V»
Persian ffl mon:3102
kanand : a tool for tilling earth JjJS"
Khojasteh
cAfe ■>/ jij j^
, -» a 3
bb
Persian 03 BQT; SYN:46; MON:1395
Xan I : spring, water pond
Cah : water well
</
\~>
^
Persian
03 HRN:194; BQT; ZMA:51; MON
Xaneh : house
«il>
(r^> < Cr" < 0^
«toy> < «ix5i>
ganeh : house
4jle
;>U*ta < o^ -
Persian UJ mon:465
balaxaneh : top room, balcony^
Bhergh
A3l>^U
Italian 03 lkt:17
barbacane, balcone
French
03 PHN:55
balcon
Persian 03 mon:467
balkon
<A
English 03 KLN:148; LKT:17
barbican, balcony
See AHD for different roots
W
Arabic 03pla:113
Xandaq : a dug out trench
Persian 03 mon:1443
xandaq
tj>JJc»
183
Gwhen 1 Gwhen 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:491
Gwhen 1 : to swell, fill
PART 3
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:491; hrn:194; brt:583
kan 1, Xan, gan 1 :to dig dirt out and mound it up
w
Avestan 03 POK:491; HRN:194
a-kand, a-gand : to ffl/^Apo
aiwi-kand : to throw away'-^' Ambhi
para-kan: spread around^ Par 1
paiti-kan : front digger, arrow
®"per3
Persian 03 BQT:1526; FFD:26
akandan : to m
kazakand : siik-med. ®" Kaz
afkandan : to throw, drop (,s5^l
parakandan : to spread around
paykan : arrow
«i
Old Persian 03 knt:178
ni-kan : dig down destroy^ NT 1
Vi-kan : dig apart, destroy^" Wi
Sogdian 03 bqt:1165,1703
kang, kanp :co/ony of houses, village
► I Pahlavi
Persian 03 bqt:1703
Samarqand (.uS^) .uS^**
Arabic
03 KLN:232; SAP:100; ARB:261; FVF:539,545
qanah : reed, cane
qanat : underground water way
q . n .V : to dig a well or water channel
These words reached Greek and
Latin through Semitic languages
W
Persian
03 MON; FVA:341; KLN:231; SNS:8
qanat : underground water way
moqannT : well digger
Greek 03 kln:232
kanon : rod, measuring stick
Arabic
03 BQT:1516
qanun:/aw
Persian 03 BQT:1516; MON:2875
qanun : rule, law ( T ^JS" ) ^\J
^
Latin 03 kln
CanaliS: water p
French
English 03ahd:197
canon : law
Persian 03 mon
kanal : canal, channel JblS"
English
canal, channel
W
Greek 03 AHD:1520; KLN:231
Canna : reed
English 03 ahd
cane, cannon, canyon
W
^
Sogdian B3sod:124
C t : water well
184
Gwhen 2 Gwhen 2
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:492
Gwhen 2 : to strike, hurt
~~\
Avestan
03 POK:492; HRN:204; BQT:324; FFD:25
zata 2, jan, gan 2, gaz.gas : to hit,
harm, bite
a-Za-ta 2 : harmed
Vl-jainti : to sting, harm^Wi
Varathra-gam : demon killed Wev 3
► Persian 03 HRN:204; BQT:324,1007,1812; FSF:26
Zadan : to hit, strike \} \
azdan : to poke A3 ) I
gazidan : to sting (jjjj ,f ^£ ,&$)* ^Jjj?
Bahram : "demon killer", a male name fi\ .a)
Old Persian
03 KNT:184,185
jan : to strike
Old Persian 03 hrn:231
ni-jan : to strike down,
to put (somebody) down
^NT1
Persian ffl BQT:2134; HRN:231; MON:4713
nazand : put down, feeling sad
X>'\> *j>\
iU-
jjJj *"■ >> <6 «^jU j>d ,v^>
W
V
Old Persian 03 knt:184
ava-jan, apa-jan:
to strike down, kill
Persian 03 BQT:184; FSF:55
OWZandan : to strike down < Oij' - ' CPji' ) 0-^Ji'
Ferdowsr jV.j4*^ )' ti'jyjlA "^7*5 - )"*> ,P 'j3 ^J^ 5 -^^y
Old Persian 03 pok:1170; bqt:1669
Vara-dna : lamb killer (falcon, crow) *
xf
Sogdian 03 S0D:398
W'rgn'k: fa/con
h
Persian 03 BQT:1669; SOD:398
vargeneh : falcon ^JS
kalag : crow 'c %
^ I Old Persian 03
^
KNT:184,185; HRN:231
pati-jan : fight against'-^' Par 3
fra-jan:cu( off®" Pari
Vi-jan : strike apart, Shaffer®" Wi
Avestan / Old Persian
03 AHD:1520; AEF:335
jatara : resin (obtained by striking a tree trunk)
jathra :po/son
paiti-jathra : anti-poison^ Per 3
Derivation of "jatara: resin" is not certain
Persian 03 MON:1776; BQT:175,1776
Zad : resin ( ' j j ( tn ) y\
angzeh:sivee(res/n®"Embhi n i Sj\
ojyii i ijyjl i yyi\
V
Persian
ffl BQT:1047
Zahr '.poison
j»j
padzahr
: antitoxin
</M<
M>
a>-^
Ferdowsf
A5 <^k J^- -^
/)
J*
_ J>$ <0 JA
ruj <o bw
KLN:168 derives this from Avestan
zahr
bile",
See "Ghel".
Arabic 03 fvf:50
badzahr
W
English 03 ahd
bezoar
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 520
guthjo :
English
gun
Latin 03 ahd
fendere, off-endere, de-fendere : to strike off, attack
English
fender, fence, offense, defense
185
Gwher Gwhi
Indo-European 03 pok:493
Gwher: warm
"~X
Avestan 03 POK:493; KNT:183
garema : warm
Persian 03 HRN:203; BQT:1800
garm : warm
Old Persian 03 pok:493
garma : warm
garma-pada : name of a (hot) month
Sogdian 03 S0D:169
grm : warm
Greek 03ahd
thermos : warm, heat
I
French
Persian 03 mon:1072
otUy y i j^y 1 y t ^y 1 y
English 03 ahd
thermometer, thermostat, thermos
V*
Latin 03 ahd
for-nus, fornax -.oven
for-ceps : fire tongs®" Kap
English
furnace
forceps
W
French ffl phn:187
four: oven
This word has possibly
reached French through
Arabic.
^
Persian ffl VOP:246; FVF:485,497; MON:2527,2529; PHN:187
fer : oven
Tom : a clay oven for baking bread
o>
farineh : a kind of thick bread ( <U> i 4 J i )
Cjjls
There is an indication that Latin word "forn:oven" reached (old) Persian
and then found its way back in Europe (France) through Arabic.
Indo-European 03 pok:481,489; ahd
~X
Gwhi, Guha, Guhei:
thread, string
Avestan ffl pok:481
Zya 2 : bow string
Persian ffl HRN:150; BQT:1046
Zeh 1 : bow string
\,
Latin 03 POK:489; ahd
filum : (hread
French 03 ahd
fil : thread (used to tie papers)
filet : a strip of boneless meat
Persian 03 mon:2599
flleh : filet
iLs
^
English 03 ahd
file, filament, filet
W
Italian 03 ahd
pro-filare : to draw
an outline
French
Persian 03vop:117
profll : shaped hollow metal extrusions
J**«
^
^
English 03 ahd
profile
186
Gwou | Gyeu
W
^
Indo-European 03 kln:364; pok:483
GWOU : cow, ox, hull
^\
Avestan 03 kln:364
gaus, gave, ga 3, gavo, gavam, gao:
cow, domestic animal
Persian 03
SYN:202; BQT:1856
HRN:210
MON:3430
gav : cow
^
gu-pan: one
who looks after cows ^^ Pa
0^
gu-saleh:ca/f®"KsM
<uUy
gUSt:meaf
C-wjy
w
Avestan 03 BQT:1855; POK:237
gaO-Spenta : holy farm animal, sheep ** Kwen
gao-di, gao-dana: milk container
Persian 03 hrn:210
guspand, gosfand: sheep jjJuy< JJw«y
Sanskrit 03 pok:482
gauh: cow
g6-pa-h, g6pa : shepherd, protector'^' Pa
I,
l -Avestan / Sanskrit ffl hrn:237
g6p, gON : to protect, preserve
See HRN:237 notes for discussion
I,
(fAvestan
03 HRN:237
ni-gop : to hide,
protect^ NT 1
Pahlavi 03 SNS:262
nihuftan : to hide
FFD:80 derives this word from
Old Persian "ni-thuf-ta: hide".
Persian 03 MON:4870; HRN:236
nehoftan : to hide ■si^i
Old Persian 03 SOD:180
gaitha : herd
Sogdian 03 SOD:180
gydh : herd
Germanic 03 kln; ahd; pok
kous:
English
Latin 03 ahd
bos, bov-:c
English
beef
Greek 03 ahd
bous:
English
buffalo, butter
Indo-European
03 AHD:1520; POK:483
GWOU:
dung
r
Avestan
03 POK:484
gutha : dung
^
Persian 03 BQT:1723,1863; HRN:211; SOG:57
goh : dung
CUd : fertilizer
tlideh : pile, heap
Gwou
Gwuna
Gyeu
see root: Gwou
see root : Gwen 1
see root: Geu 3
187
Gyuna | Gzn
Gyuna
see root.
Yau
Arabic 03 fva:209
G.z.l, Ghazah
a new born deer, a wild goat
Persian UJ fva:297
gazal : antelope J| •!
Gazaleh : a name <Jlji
Hatef Esfahant l^jjjji Jrf>t>»o J ^UU _) cji> /jjlj 'y _ IfiJ-uOj /y }l fii ji> J Jl j* j^J ^1 y
W
^
Spanish 03 skt:209
gacele
French 03 kln:644
gazel
English 03 ahd:547
Gazelle
W I Pahlavi 03 BQT:1841; FVQ:122
Parthian 03 S0D:182
Gzn : ti
ganj : treasure
FVQ indicates that this word is
possibly borrowed from a Median root
W
Arabic ffl FVQ:251 ; ARB:297
KanZ : treasure
W
Arabic 03 PLA:108; FVQ:122; DOZ:60
X.Z.n : he saves, stores
maXZan : storage
maxazin : storage
x;
Italian
mazaZZinO : storage
Persian UJ bqt:1838,1841
ganj : treasure ( isfiS , JffiS ) piS
gonjandan : to m in (jJb^S ) ^Jjl^
t:
English 03 fsd:1313
Jasper 1 : "treasurer", a male r
Persian 03 mon:3096
KanZ : treasure ( V-^5 ) 'yj
Persian 03 fva
«$}*• < ^l> < OJr*" < Oj^
French
magasin : storage, store
w
Turkish 03 etm:70
maghazeh : store
English 03 kln:922
magazine
Persian 03 etm:70
magazeh : shop, j}^
W
W
Arabic 03 KLN:648; FVA:82
j.n.Z : covers, hides
jenazeh : casket
h
Persian 03 fva:82
jenazeh : casket dead body «j^
w
^
Greek
03 KLN:644; FVQ:251
gaza : treasure
Sogdian 03 S0D:182
gzn : treasure
Latin
gaza : treasure, the smallest
Venetian coin paid for
a newspaper, newspaper
French
gazette
newspaper
English
03 KLN:644
gazette
Habl | Haya
H
Aramaic 03vdQ:176
A
Habh
V*
Arabic
03 KLN:216
habl : rope, cable
Persian UJ fva:89
J^
habl : rope
► Portuguese 03 kln:216
cable
KLN:216 claims this is a blend of Arabic "habl:
rope" and Latin "caplum: a halter for cattle".
AHD and FSD drive it from Latin (See "Kap").
French
03 KLN:216
kabl
Persian 03 mon:2777
kabl : cable
^
U
^
English 03 kln:216
cable
See root "Kap" for another possible root.
Avestan 03 HRN:114; FVS:168,179
A
HaeiTI, Haya : character, r
v*
Pahlavi
03 PHD:94; HRN:114
XI m : temper, nature
^
Persian UJ BQT:804; HRN:114; FSF:168,179
XI m : temper, nature
doZXim : bad tempered^ Dus
Avestan ffl mon:5095
A
Havana :
V*
Pahlavi
03 MON:5095
havan : mortar
^
Persian UJ BQT:2312; HRN:244
havan : mortar
Marzban Nameh
D3^» 3
03^
Haya
see root: Haem
189
Hebhel | H.j.r
Hebrew 03 kln:3
~X
rlGbllGl : breath, vanity, name of
the second son of Adam and Eve
W I Arabic
Persian LLI AKM:1 ; MON6:2237
HabTI : the second son of Adam and Eve
w
^
Greek 03 kln:3
Abel
Latin
English 03 kln:3
Abel
Egyptian 03ahd:411
~X
Hebni
: ebony tree (common in India)
W
Greek 03ahd:411
ebnOS : ebony tree
Pahlavi
03 MON:26
Persian 03 KLN:496; BQT:12
abnUS: ebony o*yj\
W
^
Latin 03ahd
ebeninUS : (made of) ebony
English
ebony
^
Semitic ffl kln:694
H .J . T : to emigrate
Arabic Q kln:694
h . j . r : to emigrate
w
^
Persiar
1 03 FVA:443
hejrat
departure, departure
of Mohammad from Mecca
Oj^sA
o't** ' J^W '
Hafez
O 0i-**O )\ &£ ,*>»
>J*)
i ji ji - ^lj-»t> p—t Xo
yZ »_JiLX9 ijlj jl
Hebrew ffl KLN:694; FSD:1101
Hagar : wandering
English P3fsd:1101
Hagaf: a Biblical name, mother of Ishmael
190
H.n.n H.n.n
W
Semitic 03 kln:701
~X
H . n . n : to have grace and kindness
Arabic ffl kln:701
H . n . n : to have grace
Hannaneh : gracious, kind, also sad
and sorry (possibly due to the
hard crying of "Hannaneh" after
the prophet Mohammad passed away).
Persian ffl mon; fva:115
hanan : kindness
hannan : kind, gracious, one who cries
hanin : sorrow, kindness
W
Hebrew ffl kln:701
hanan : was gracious
hannah : kindness, Anna
iO-hanan : 'The Lord is gracious', John
^
Persian 03 MON6:2343; AKM:36
ui»
•y.
Yuhanna :Sa/n( John
Yahya : "God is gracious, a male name" '*»&}
SohbatLart U^-jj jX«i> Jm <0 ,^jJSjl jX&it> J>sS
W
L
Old Persian 03 S0D:443
yana : grace
Sogdian 03 SQP:443
y n : grace
Greek 03 kln
Anna : gracious
IwannOS : gracious
W
I Latin
English 03 KLN:78,831
Anne, Ann, Anna
John, Jane, Jean, Joanne
Greek 03 KLN:813; OEW:x
Ion 1 : Hellenic people who settled in
the Mediterranean islands in 1100 BC.
The link between the tribe names "Iwnios, Iwn, Iwnos and lawn" and
"Iwannos: gracious", which is the root of many names, is not quite clear
Wold Persian 03
KLN:813; KNT:204
yauna : Greek
Persian UJ bqt:2549
yunan : Greece
b y.
W
Latin 03 kln:813
lonillS : Ionian
English
Ionian, Ionic
^ I Russian 03 kln:821 \>-
English 03 kln:821
Ivan
191
H.r.m H.s.n
W
Semitic 03 fva:98
~X
H.r.m:
Arabic 03 KLN:703; FVA:98
haram : forbidden
harim : forbidden area
harem : private quarters
\Uram : prohibition
Moharram : the month
of fasting
Persian
03 FVA:98
haram :
harim :
herman
forbidden
erritory, protected area
: prohibition, disappointment
( fy>A ,pj>Z ,f 3j M> )(■!/•
< f 'A > fJ-
hormat : dignity, respect
ehram : entering a respectful state, pilgrim's
Moharram : a month when certain acts are
dress fi\ p-\
forbidden P^pfA
Hafez
English ffl KLN:703, TYL:568
harem : women's quarters in a house
ihram : pilgrim's dress
Moharram : a lunar month
W
L
Spanish 03 kln:704
harmathan : forbidden, evil, a bad Sahara wind
English 03 kln:704
harmattan : a type of (bad) Sahara wind
Spanish 03 kln:941
marrano : forbidden, pork, t
English 03 kln:941
marrano : a Jew converted to Christianity
W
^
Hebrew 03 kln:723,937
herem : forbidden
mohoram-atta : you are under ban
English 03 KLN:723,937
herem : biblical ban, excommunication
maranatha : curse
Arabic 03 fva:101
H.s.n:
to be kind, to do good things
^ I Arabic ffl FVA:101; HJB:419
^
hosn : beauty, goodness
Hasan, Hosayn: names of Mohammad's
grandsons martyred in Karbala battle.
Ya-Hasan! Ya-Hosayn! : cry of
Moslems at procession of Moharram.
^ I Hindustani 03 t
Persian UJ fva:101
hosn : goodness, beauty, advantage 'y^>
Hasan : namefsj (^U?-l i>M t !fg^>) !f&
ahsan : (word of} admiration ( '-h**^ ) '«**^l
English 03 AHD:626; FSD:1166; KLN:735
Hobson-jobson : corruption of Arabic phrase
"Ya-Hasan Ya-Hosayn!" referring to a crowd excitement.
192
H.s.s | H.y.y
Arabic 03 FVA:102; KLN:706
~x
H.S.S : to dry (a vegetable or plant)
W
Arabic 03 FVA:102; KLN:706
hasTs : hemp
HasaSin : hemp users, referred to the followers of Hasan Sabbah
who used to kill their political enemies after using Hashish.
Persian 03 fva:102
hasTs : hemp
\J^ J ir"-~ r
English 03 kln:706
hasis
v*
^
Italian
aSSaSSinO : murder
English 03kln:115;
assassin, assassinate
W
Greek 03 AHD:644; KLN:752
~x
Hy3KI ntnOS : a bulbous plant with a cluster of very fragrant flowers.
The word is apparently a pre-Hellenic word of the Mediterranean origin.
BQT:2420 and SNS:299 interpret the Greek word as "a kind of poison".
Pahlavi
03 SNS:299
yakand : ruby
Persian
03 BQT:2420; MON:5247; MZF:340
yakand : ruby
JJOU
w
Arabic
03 BQT:2420; SNS:299
yaqut: ruby
Persian 03 SNS:299; FAF:712
yaqut : ruby, also red lips OqSv
Safaf QahfarrokTif
W
^
Latin 03 ahd:644
hyacinthUS : hyacinth
French
English 03 ahd
hyacinth
^ I Arabic 03 KLN:552; FVA:118 !►
Semitic 03 KLN:552; FVA:118
H.y.y:
h.y.y : to live
hayat : life
haWWa : the living being, Eve
W
^
Hebrew 03 kln:552
h
Persian 03fva:118
hayat : life
( ^3- ) oL?
ehya : to bring back to life, purify
f'V'l
hayavan : living creature, anima
o'j^
hawa : Eve
\y
£*Cryt JL&£ 'j Ja3U> 3
^ ji ji Ciij ^U-
Hafez JJ_S \_fl (jLw>l <0 li—wlaS ^O 5-"*^
haWWa : a living being, Adam's wife
Latin 03 KLN:552; AHD:453
Eve
English 03 ahd:453
Eve
193
1112
I
I 1
see root.
Ei
W
Indo-European 03 P0K:281 ; knt:203
I £, lO, t : pronominal stem
Avestan
03 POK:281,285; KLN:763
itha, itta, aeta-vant : here,
there, so, thus, then
Avestan
03 POK:283;
KNT:203
im
iyam
, imam
she
he,
then
it : that
yo
who, which, wha
ya
tara:
which one
(of two)
Germanic / Old English 03 ahd | ►-
Latin 03ahd
idem, idei"l:same
Tta-em : item
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
h
Persian 03 BQT:193,197; HRN:32
Tdar : here ,Jj|
idun : now, such l)^«UI
Fsrdowst ^j, JjLiijj Ji ^jj» n'y _ ^J> Jjtjj jjjj -jlp- j Ji
English
yet, yes, if
Indo-European 03 ahd:1520,1523
E-terO : the other
Ke-e-terO : other time, other part, again c '
c
^
Latin 03 KLN:545; POK:284
Ce-terUS : the other part
et-Ce-terT : and other things *" Eti
English
identify, identical, identity
item, iterate
r
Avestan 03 KLN:545; POK:284
a-tara: one of the two
at-zur
English
et cetera
194
1 2 laro
Indo-European 03 pok:281
I 2, lo, E
PART 2
~X
pronominal stem
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
^ Indo-European 03 pok:73,75,281,286
AU 3, AUO, 0\-r\0: one, this one
Ui, UO:or
^
W
W
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:73,75,286; BQT:2417; KNT:164
ava 2, aiva, aeva, aeva, aivaka : one
aeva-data, aeva-dasa:efewjn®"Dekm
aiva-ciy : nothing^ Kwo
va, va : or
w
Pahlavi 03 BQT; SNS:91; GPL41
evak, yak : one
yacdah : eleven
hec : nothing
ayab, aya, ayao : c
Persian 03 BQT:241 7,2446
SNS:86,91
yak, yek : one
uX>
yazdah : eleven
>*}k
NIC : nothing, no
ya: or
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:74
Uta, Uta, Uiti : and
Sogdian 03 SQP:72
'{y-.and
W
Pahlavi
03 SNS:256
Ud : and
Persian 03 BQT:2242; SNS:256; TZF:20; MON:4921
O, VB-.and i ,i
Ferdowsr ' > , > p j\jj y V*?.J-^ f J-^ - J^ JiA*~" 3 J^"^* 3 V"**' 3 <V
The Arabic "va" pronunciation has influenced the Persian pronunciation
W
Old Persian / Sanskrit
03 POK:75,286; BQT:199; TZF:13; SOD:85,220
aina, ena, aita, aeta : this one, this
ima, imam : this
Sogdian 03 SOD:85,220
'yd -.this
mw : this
^
(•Pahlavi 03 mon:345,421
en : this
im : this
Germanic 03 ahd
ainaz, ainigaz: one
Persian UJ mon; tzf:13
in : this •_>!
em : this (JLfll ,L-Jlfll tJsjA) (4
English
one, an, none, eleven, alone, any
Latin 03 ahd
UnUS: one
ne-ullllS:nofany, null
English
union, onion, ounce, inch, unique, unite, unit, universe
null
la 1
la 2
lag
laro
see root: Ei
see root: Ya
see root: Yag
see root: Ei
195
latis lo
latis
latom
see root: latos
see root: latos
Indo-European 03 IEC:441
A
latos, latom, latis
going, movement, crowd, turn, period
Avestan 03 IEC:441
yatem : road
Sanskrit 03 IEC:441
yatam : road
Persian UJ IEC:441
jaddeh : mad
MON:1202 claims "jaddeh" is an Arabic word while FVF:140 and
AFM:39 indicate that Arabic has borrowed it from Persian
le
lero
leu
see root: Ei
see root: Ei
see root: Yeu 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:512
leUO, YeWO:gra/n
"~X
Avestan
03 SYN:513; POK:512; KLN:1766
ava : grain
ya'
Pahlavi
03 BQT:594
jaV : grain, barley
Sogdian 03 S0D:448
yw : barley
Persian 03 bqt:594
JO : barley -?•
}yj» L5jlJi C-3U? <lx>l {£ yj*
Sa'dt ^^j^ Jj&loA5 PXo Cm y? <0
v*
^
Greek 03ahd
Zeiai : grain
English 03 kln:1766
Zea : a genus of grasses
Turkish 03 kln:656
A
Ijlak, Yelek :sfeerefessc
Persian 03 bqt:584
jalTtqeh : waist coat without sleeves
( <siLU ) ijiS*
w
Arabic 03 kln:656
jaleCO : coaf of Christians
| Spanish
French
Persian 03vop:206
zilet:
< ^J > ^J
^
English 03 kln:656
gilet
lo
see root: 1 2
196
Isto lu
w
Indo-European 03 kln:35
~X
IStO : a suffix meaning most or last
Avestan / Old Persian G3 knt:191,202
ISta : a superlative suffix
W
V
Avestan 03 KNT:202; TZF:26; BQT:2133
asa-vah-ista, arta-vah-ista : best justice^ Ar
Vah-ista : best place, heaven ^Su 1
ZOizd-ista : most abominable, ug/y^Ghsis
[ar\\-\s{a : most pulled together, tight^ Tank
Persian 03 mon; bqt; tzf
OrdTbehest: "best justice"
C-wi$*Jp )l
behest: "best place"
cJS+j
Zest : ugly
C-i^j
tang : tight ( <&o
W*v*) ) LXo
Avestan 03 KNT:202; TZF:26; BQT:2133
nazd-ista : c/osssf, (refused
f ra-ista : mosf plentiful^ Pal 1
mas-ista, math-ista, maz-ista : greatest
^Mak, Mag
kas-ista : feasf ®" Kak 3
Persian
ffl MON; BQT; TZF
naxost:
"closest", first (
.XOj3
) UwM
farhast
too much, magic
CwJ>i
mehast
: greatest
Cw^
kast : least, deficiency, lacking
C-wjO
iSy Jt^> -^
6*i
J Cww*»0
Abu-Nasr
Vlarghzf
Cww*»0
I J &*#+$>■
w
Avestan 03 BQT; KNT:191; POK:775
Spenta-ista : holiest^ Kwsn
duva-ista : farthesf away^*" Dsu 2
drUW-ista : healthiest^ Dsru 1
aS-istO:fas(es(®"0ku
Sra-esta : most beautiful, best^ Krai
W
Germanic
03 KLN:543; AHD:448
istaz, isto
^
Old English 03 KLN:1007; AHD:126
-est, -ost
lat-est : latest, last
bet-est : best
mae-st : most
fyr-St : first
lu
see root.
Yu
197
Jabra J.b.b
J
Jabra
see root: J.b.r
Arabic 03ahd:192
Jamah
W
^
Greek
03 AHD:192
kamelos
Latin
03 AHD:192
camelus
Old French 03 ahd:192
chamel, chameal
Persian 03 fva:81
jamal : camel Ao^-
English 03 ahd
camel
Sanskrit 03ahd:710
JanC|alan : wasteland covered with wild growths
W
Hindustani 03 kln:836
jangal : forest
A
Persian 03 bqt:592
jangal : forest jSjcj-
^
English 03 KLN:836; AID:140
jungle
Arabic 03 fva:67
~X
J . D. D : a long woolen
garment
Persian ffl fva:67
jobbeh : garment
W
^
Spanish 03 fsd:1333
JLlba : garment
French 03 phn:221
jupe, jupon : skirt
I
Persian 03 VOP:204
ZU P : skirt ( ^ , y^^jV) ^
English 03 KLN:836; FSD:1333
jupon, jupe, mini-jupe
198
J.b.l J.b.l
W
Semitic 03 kln:169
~X
J.b.l
Arabic 03 KLN:170; FVA:6
j.b.l, \aba\ : mountain
jabal-al-tariq : mountain of Tariq.
Tariq invaded Spain in 711.
Persian 03 fva:6
jabal : mountain ( JL^. ) J^.
jabal-Ottareq : Gibraltar |3jU»Jl Ac?
^
English 03 kln:655
Gibraltar
v*
Hebrew ffl kln:169
gebhal : mountain, frontier town, a Phoenician port where papyrus was sold
W
^
Greek ffl KLN:169; NAT:110
bublos : Greek name of the "Gebhal" port,
assimilated from Hebrew word "Gebhal".
Rolled paper from Gebhal.
Dlbua : collection of writings, book
Latin
03 KLN:169
►
English
03 KLN:169; AHD:129
Bible, biblical
bibliography
biblia : doc*
199
W I Arabic 03 KLN:633; FVA:67
J.b.r Jur
Aramaic 03 KLN:633; SOR:41
~x
J . D. I* : to reunite, join together, force
JdDTd : powerful, man
J . D . f : to reunite, force
AI-Jabr-w'al-Moqabalah : -Reunion
and Comparison", title of the first book
on Algebra. It was written in Arabic by
Al-Kharazmf, the ninth century Iranian
mathematician. ~^ Ghdhem
Persian UX fva:67
jabl": force, algebra ( j^j^o t jL»l t jfc>) ^j^-
jabarut : mightiness, celestial kingdom O5 **>
jobran : compensation "A y^-
"Jobran" is does not exist in Arabic.
^
French 03 phn:26
algebre
English 03 kln:48
algebra
Persian UJ MON:3193; SOR:41
gabf : man, referred to Zoroasthans, a non-believer (in Islam) ~J
BQT:1774 does not agree with this derivation.
v*
Hebrew 03 kln:633
gabhaf : was strong, man
Gabhri-el : "man of God",
Gabriel^ Layh
Arabic
JebraTI : Gabriel
Wl
Latin
French
h
Persian UJ mon:1215
'
JebreTI : Gabriel (man of God)
dtfj*?
Persian 03 mon
Gabfiyel : "man of God", a male name
d<J
^
English 03 kln:633
Gabriel
Jol
Jor
Jur
see root: Ul
see root: Ul
see root: Ul
200
Ka 1 K.a\b
K
^
Indo-European 03 pok:515
A
t\3 1 , (*23 : to wish, desire
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:515
ka 2, kam 2, kama : desire
Pahlavi
03 BQT:1578; SNS:209
kam : desire
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:186
k m : wish, desire
Persian UJ bqt:1578
kam 1 : desire (j\$J$ ^LMS") ^ ?\$
fo j Xm fjb ,vy^> ^>Ij> jj 4j
Asadt <>tj |tJw[»)
J y ^ i?) 6
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:515; knt:173
canah, cinah, cinman : desire
aspa-Canah : horse lover ^Ekwos
Germanic 03 kln:1743
horaZ : one who desires
English
whore
Latin 03 pok:515
CarUS : desire
English
caress, charity, cherish
Ka2
see root: Kwon
Arabic 03 FVA:353; KLN:380; PHN:131
A
K.a\b:
h
Persian ffl fva:353
ka D : ankle bone, cube root i—**5
Ka DQ\\ : Kaaba, center point 4yj£>
moka'ab : cube, cubic u-Jtlfl
Eraqf A 4jl> ^ j$ <0 lJ>S j> ^> fyy> j$ y> <0 _ JiJlljJ Jbj f j> <0 *l&j <U_*_5 ^J>\A> <0
w
^
Greek 03 KLN:380; PHN:131
kubos, kybos:cuoe
POK:589 & AHD:320 derive Greek "kubos:cube" from
Indo-European "Keube:hump, bent". See root "Geu 1"
fc
Kaaba, Caaba
Latin
03 WEB:441; FSD:626
► —
English
03 AHD:320
cube
CUbuS : cube
201
Kad 1 Kafa
Indo-European ffl pok:517
IacICi 1 : sorrow, hatred
^\
w
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:517
Sadra:pa/n, grief
Persian 03 BQT:1069; MON:1790
Sar : grief, pain
rp
Germanic 03 ahd
hatiz : hate
English
hate
^
Indo-European 03 pok:516
A
Kad 2:
Latin 03 POK:516; ahd
Cadentia : a fall, a chance
ob-cad-ere, occasio : to fa//
down as an opportunity, occasion
French 03 ahd
Persian UJ V0P:56,234
Cans : chance
Okazton : opportunity
lT*
,U
0#J
tfl
V*
English 03 ahd
chance, occasion
W
^
Latin 03 POK:516; ahd
cad-ere : to fail
ad-cad-ere, accidere : to fail upon, accident
in-cad-ere, incidere : to fail upon, incident
Casicare : to fall (cascade)
de-Cad-ere : to fall down, decay
English 03 ahd
accident
incident
cascade
decay
Avestan 03 HRN:192; KGW:281
Rata : foam
This is cognate with Sanskrit "kapha"
and Russian "kaplja: drops"
^
W
^
Pahlavi 03 mon:2997
kaf : froth, foam
Sogdian 03 S0D:199
kwb : foam
Persian UJ BQT:1658; MON:2997,3002
ka1: foam, froth,, ather ( gtf , >f\ JS ) JS
kafC-l IZ : a ladle for removing scum or foam from liquids wJw
MolavT J J? <JV o~i ^ Oj f sH*
IEC:481 derives Persian "kofc: ladle" from
Indo-European root "Kauks: shell, bowl, cup"
</* jUw y» J£# ;y\ ji y
202
Ethiopian ffl kln:309
Ia3TT3 : the plant or drink coming from Kaffa,
a district in southwestern Ethiopia
v*
Arabic
qahwah : a drink c
plant from Kaffa
W
Turkish
03 AHD:258
qahve' : coffee
Italian
^
French
Kaffa | Kagas
Cafe' : coffee,
also a coffee house
^
"~X
Persian UJ mon:2756
qahveh : coffee jaii
Persian 03 mon:2851
kafeh : coffee house
is*6
English 03 AHD:258; KLN:309
coffee, cafe', caffeine
Pahlavi 03 mon:3005
Kafl:,
V*
Persian UJ mon:3005
kafs : shoe
JM
I Arabic 03 mon:3005
Persian UJ mon:3000
KaffaS : shoe maker or mender
J>\&
^
W
Greek 03 I EC: 1628
kaukiS: a kind of shoe
kaukalon:(joo(sha*
^
Armenian 03 I EC: 1628
kaWSik : shoe
Iranian 03pla:11
A
Kaftan
a silk-filled war garment
Persian ffl BQT:759; MON:1431
Xaftan : armor
w
^
Arabic
03 PLA:111
qaftan :
Turkish
03 BQT:760
qaftan
Russian
03 AHD:187
kaftan
English 03 KLN:220; AHD:187
Caftan : a long-sleeved garment
Kag
Kagas
see root: Keg
see root: Kagas
203
Kagas | Kak 1
Turkish 03 SIN:559
~X
Kagas, Kagat, Kagas, Kagaz:
W
^
Pahlavi 03 SIN:559; PLA:225
kagad : paper
Chinese paper was imported in Iran {Samarghand)
as early as 650 AD but the word "kagaz" was
not borrowed from the Chinese word "Ku-Cih".
Persian 03 bqt:1569
kagaz : paper jj.\$
Sa'df JJJ^jj Jv ^J-* .3 *~ ^^^JS
Kagat
Kagaz
see root: Kagas
see root: Kagas
Avestan 03 BQT:1612; SOD:193
A
Kahrpu, Kharpuna: z.
^
Pahlavi 03 BQT:1612; SOD:193
karpu, krpwk : t/zarrf
Sogdian 03 S0D:193
krps'k://zard
Persian UJ mon:2933
karbaSU : lizard y^>,S
AzanTusr ybp 'j }yi y) Jifc O y» - y»\ j I j 0*X$5 *& jJ&~J*
Indo-European 03 pok:522
~X
Kak1
: to have power, help, enable
W
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:522; HRN:152; FFD:58 ►
Sak, Sac, Sax : to do, make
Sacaiti : able, qualified, deserving
Persian 03 HRN:152,160,162; BQT:1137; POK:522
saxtan : to bum ( J$ jL, , J> jL , 0-4J ^) tf*^
sezidan : to qualify ( j\j\y> , \y> ) 0-4>»
Avestan 03 pok:522
Cagad : helped
cageman : gift
Cagvah : offered
Sanskrit 03 pok:522;
Saknoti : he is able to do
Slksati : he helps, serves
Cakta : strong, hard
Pahlavi 03bqt:1106
Saxt : hard
h
Persian UsnS:173
'
Saxt : hard, difficult G*iw
^
English P3ahd:1205
Sikh : a follower of Sikhism (a Hindu religious community)
W
^
Old English 03 pok:522
haeCCan : to hatch
English 03ahd:603
hatch
204
Kak 2 KakTna
Indo-European 03 pok:523
~X
Kak 2, Kank, Kakha
twig, branch
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:523
Saxa, Caxa : branch
h
Persian ffl POK:523; BQT:1219; SYN:525
'
Sax : horn, branch ( 4>L& ) jfUi
Sanskrit 03 pok:523
Sakala : part, f
h
Persian ffl bqt:1280
'
Seklah : slice, piece, a torn piece of garment AjSJj
Sogdian 03 S0D:376
Snk : branch
Indo-European 03 pok:521
A
Kak 3
to become thin
v*
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:521; FFD:67
kaSU : small
KaS : to reduce
kas-yah:fess®"Yah5
kas-ista : smallest, least^ Isto
^
Persian UJ HUB:86; BQT:1564; HRN:185; FFD:67
-ak : suffix Indicating smallness
kastan : to reduce
( Siy ) S .
Cr* 1
tf
Forugh Farrokh-Zad
See "Akos" for another possible root of suffix "-ak"
W
Aramaic / Indo European 03 pok:349; bqt:1572; ahd:1520
A
Ia3K 4, udC| : a round object (loaf), cake
This word is apparently of Egyptian origin
Persian ffl bqt:1572
kak : dry hard bread, a dry cookie
S\$
W
Arabic 03 SDQ:71; PLA:233
ka' k : a dry bread
Persian 03 bqt:1572
ka' k : dry bread ^^
V
Germanic 03 pok:349; ahd
kakan
English
cake
Dutch 03 AHD
koek
English
cookie
Kakha
KakTna
see root: Kak 2
see root: Kakis
205
Kakis Kam 1
Indo-European 03 IEC:599
~X
Kakis, Kakus, Kak?na : P Ae
W
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:599
Sakulah : spur on cow's hoof
Persian 03 IEC:599
Sagak : buckle SSm
Kakus
Kal
Kalwo
see root: Kakis
see root: Kur
see root: Kelewo
Indo-European 03 IEC:466
Ram 1 : to restrain
A
Persian 03 IEC:466; MON:3076
kamand : halter JSjS
Hafez J^jL** jiSSjJ ola_j» J_> CPj-"^ "^— ^ - *— J -^>"* *— ^) )' ^ l/*-M OW 3 J*¥ c*
Greek 03 IEC:466
►
Latin 03 IEC:466
kemOS : halter
CamUS : halter, yoke
Dutch 03 IEC:466
fc
'
haam : halter
English ffl IEC:466
flame : part of a harness
206
Kam 2 Kam 2
W
W
Indo-European 03 POK:524,525
~X
KaiTI 2, Kamer, KaiTip:to(jend, also a cavity, vault
Qam, Qem
See and compare with "Geu 1: to bend"
Avestan 03 pok:524
kamara : waist,
belt, also a vault
Persian 03 BQT:1694; MON:3068
kamar : waist, belt
kamra : a room with high ceiling, also a stable
A'ma'q Boxaraf
c
■"»" "" "■ "'"" " " — 'S»
English 03 ahd
cummerbund, kummerbund
Old Persian 03 POK:524,525
kanpa : to bend
Cam : to bend,
move fluently
Compare with Avestan
"xumba: bent" from
Indo-European "Geu 1:to bend".
h
Persian ffl POK:525; BQT:620,658,661 ,768,1439; HRN:99; FFD:48
'
Capeh : turned over, bent 4_*_£
Cap : left i_-^
V If
Cafteh : bent ( ^ ) <£JL>
CamTdan 1 : walk flauntily ( J\^ ,^JiL> ) ^ ^Xy*|
Xam : a curve ( AJiU> , ^J^> ) ' Jr
Hafez ^JJOwii ( yi^ JiU e ^yt^J jS fXcJb
w
Greek 03 ahd
kamara : a vault
kaminOS : fire
for heating a room
Latin 03 ahd
camera : mom
CaminUS : hearth
French 03 ahd
cabaret
chambre
^
Persian 03 mon:2777
kabareh :
cabaret
w
\JS
English 03 ahd
cabaret, chamber
V»
English 03 ahd
camera, chimney
Germanic 03 ahd
himin, hibin : the vault (of heaven)
English
heaven
Latin 03 POK:525; AHD:193
CampUS : bent (land between
mountains), a valley, open field
Campania : (open fields) name of an
area in Italy famous for its scales
French 03 kln:266
champaigne
open country, also
name of a French district
famous for its wine
x^
Persian UJ mon:2001
sampayn : vl
Champaign
LflU
English 03 kln:266
Champaign, champion, camp
V.
^
h
Persian ffl MON:2896; ARK:222; PLA:216
Capan : a weighing scale ( Awl 4 Aw) ) Aw
207
Kamer | Kamp
Kamer
see root: Kam 2
Indo-European 03 wld:601; ieC:1044
Kamma, Quomn, Sqombh-no:
W
Avestan / Old Persian
03 WLD:601; KNT:179; IEC:1044
kamna, kamno : little
^
Persian UJ bqt:1689
kam : uttie
kamTn : least
»^**J& ^o JJj ^j&*& o u
Kamp
see root: Kam 2
208
Kand 1 Kank
W
Indo-European 03 pok:526
~X
Kand 1 , Qand : to shine, to be white
Sanskrit 03 pok:526
kandrak : shining
kandana, kundruka -.sandalwood
W
Pahlavi ffl sin:585
kundumk : sandalwood
Persian ffl SIN:552,585; BQT:664,1174,1705; MON:1930
kondor : incense ( ^JJ^ t JjJ^ ) jjjj
Sandal : sandalwood, sandal shoe yJJwtf
Sandall : chair (originally made of sandalwood) JjJw»
Asjadr Marvazf
I,
4-Greek
03 KLN:1380; SKT:462
Santalon : sandal tree
Santalion : sandal shoe
► Latin
I,
-( [•French "
English
sandal
W
Sanskrit 03ahd:1149
Candrah-raga : bright red (resin from tree)
W
Greek 03ahd:1149
sandarak, sandaraxe
a red resin from trees
Arabic 03 tad:37
sendarus :
a resinous tree
W
Persian UJ mon:1929
sandarus ( 8 j.Ui ) ^jiii
a resinous tree and its red resin
Latin 03ahd
Sandraca : red pigment, red r
English 03ahd:1149
sandarac
^
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:231
CandidllS : glowing white
Candidare : to make white or bright
CandidatllS : candidate (due to their
white toga)
French
candidat
Persian 03 MON:2874
kandTd : candidate Ijjjj^ ( Jjjj^
English
candid, candidate, candle, chandelier, incandescent
W
Greek 03ahd
kandhela : light,
lamp, candle
Arabic
03 TAD:59; BQT:1545
qandTI : light, lamp
^
Persian 03 MON:2734; ARK:235
qandTI : lamp iU^**
Manuchshrt lfr>l/« (J >J-XS ijJ Jj-9
Kand 2
Kank
see root: Skand
see root: Kak2
209
Kanunu | Kapastay
Akkadian 03 MON:2875; BQT:1580
Kanunu:sei i
^-» | Syriac B3 mon:2875 |
^ I Arabic 03 mon:2875
^
~X
Persian 03 BQT:1580; MON:2875
kanun : fireplace, hart ' \A\$
Anvarf <^yu ^3 pj\£- ^ 'j\ JjlJ - A U y *J£* J»3\ } ^O y>
Indo-European 03 pok:527
Kap, Qap :urap
Old Persian 03 bqt:636
Cifsati : attach
h
Persian LLI POK:527; HRN:98; IEC:473
'
CasbTdan : to attach ,'\Xw«^
Old Persian
03 POK:527; HUB:89
kapithe : a box for
measuring grain
Pahlavi
03 MON:3010
kapic
Greek
kapsa : box, i
I Arabic 03 mon:2700
Latin 03 pok:524
Capere : to take
Capsa : case, box
for-CepS : fire tongs ^Gwhei
French
t
Persian ffl mon:3010
kaVIZ : a measure of capacity Vj<J
Persian 03 bqt:1534
qafas : cage „Ju)
Persian 03 MON:1997,2777,2896
«m>U i AjW i Oy-^
English 03 ahd
case, capsule, cable, chassis
catch, receive, deceive, forceps
See root "Habl: rope" for another possible root for "cable".
v»
English 03 ahd
capstan, caption, captive, accept, except
V*
^
Germanic 03 ahd
haben : to have
hafigaZ : containing something, heavy
English
have, heavy
Old Persian / Avestan 03 brt:436
KapaStay, KapaStJ : poison, a bitter plant
V*
^
Pahlavi
03 HRN:187
kapast : poison
Persian UJ bqt:1588
kabast : poison ( y^S ) C-wW
Ferdowst C~*J> jii-O J ji>) iyi ^JU O - C~»±l r-^J^> JJ>) OiwiLS \ j%
210
Kapasti | Kapul
Kapasti
see root: Kapastay
^
Indo-European 03 pok:530
Kapho:/ioof
Avestan 03 pok:530
Safa : hoof
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
hofaz : hoof
Pahlavi 03 hrn:164
sumb 1 -.hoof
Persian UJbqt:1163
SOm : hoof ( lr> ii ) < J!,
Persian UJ MON:1825; SOD:65
Safal : hoof (of a camel) ( Jli , JJL& , Jii ) JJU
English
hoof
Greek 03 AHD:199; KLN:234
KappariS : a shrub
W
^
Latin 03 AFM:131; KLN:234
cappans
~X
Persian 03 KLN:234; SKT:75; BQT:1587; KGW:98; AFM:131
kabar : a shrub
KGW:98 indicates that this word reached
Europe from Old Persian through the Greek
( \J*iJ . ' j? ) jr
English
caper
Old Persian 03 M0N6:1487
lAapUl : city of Kabul lh Afgahlstah
v*
Pahlavi
03 MON6:1487
kapul
^
Persian UJ MON6:1487; AHD:589; VFO:24
Kabol : Kabul
kowll : gypsy
kabolT : a dried fruit from Kabul
Note that the English word "gypsy", short for "E-gypsi-an", is from
a different root but was used to refer to Kabul nomads who migrated
to Europe in the 14th & 15th century and were mistaken with Egyptians.
^
English 03 kln:272
Kabul
Chebule : a dried fruit (originally from Kabul)
211
Karl Karl
Indo-European 03 POK:531; IEC:1056,1632
~x
Kar 1, Qar 1, Quseros, Qhar/ .
KarKar, KOnC|ar : hardened or fortified, armor, fort
Avestan 03 POK:531; SYN:1201
XfatU : mental strength, intelligent work
Pahlavi
Xfat : intelligence
Persian UJ bqt:729
Xerad : intelligence
X 7t
Sanskrit 03 POK:531; KLN:703
Xara : hard, rough
karkarah : hard
karkatah : crab (hard body)
Pahlavi
03 BQT:697; WLD:355; SYN:173
Xar : hard, rough
kar-cang : crab
Persian 03 bqt; hrn
Xar 2 : thorn
,y>
Xara : a hard stone \<\->
xarcang : crab S^
^
Avestan
03SOD:166
Xara : a harsh
voiced animal,
donkey
Pahlavi 03 WLD:355; SYN:173
Xar : donkey, harsh
Xar-bara : donkey load
^Bhsr 1
Xar-bllZ : harsh melon
or cucumber
v*
Persian UJ BQT; HRN; FVF:190
Xar : donkey, symbol of harshness
Jr>
5a' dt Xkb ]_> 'jyj> JjL) (jy?
Sogdian 03 S0D:166
Xr : donkey
Xr-tr' k, Xara-tara : related to a donkey, mule
Persian UJ mon:2615
qater : mule ( J>\£ ) J»lS
V
w
Sanskrit 03 POK:531; IEC:1632
kankarta, kankatih : fortified,
armor
Persian UJ IEC:1632; MON:3102
kongareh : battlement on a castle wall ' ajc$
Molavt "Li^ •yij ^La j| £j$ y j j \j _ ,jj~X*X« jl J»j5 ^IjJJ SjSlS
Germanic
03 KLN:703; AHD
harduz : hard
Old French 03 ah d : 1 257
estandard : standing firm,
a flag or rule that
stands firm ^Sta
Persian 03 mon:239
estandard : standard
} )ljjw«l
English
standard
English
hard, Richard, Bernard
Leonard, Gerard
W
Greek 03ahd:351
keratOS : strength, government
demos-keratos : people's
government Da
karkanos : crab
French 03 ahd
Persian 03 mon:1561
demokrasT : democracy f»\$ yO
V*
^
English
democracy
English
carcinogen
Latin 03 kln:230
CarcrO : hard
Cancer : hard bodied animal, crab
English
Indo-European 03 IEC:1056
Qusero:
212
scrape, scratch
]T
Persian 03 I EC: 1056
XarTdan : to scratch, itch
< J>j& ) 0-4j^
Kar 2 | Karpurah
Turkish 03 TTS:79
~X
Kar 2, Qar 2 -.tiack, o«, badiuck
►— I Persian 03 mon:2650, 2670
qareh : Mat* ( | J ) 8 J
W
Turkish 03 FSD:398; AHD:201
kara-kulak, qara-qulaq :
a wild cat with "black ears"
h
Persian ffl mon:2670
'
qareh-qulaq : black-ear cat, caracal l3^9* i
Compare with "syah-gusri:caracal" from root "Kei 1"
► French 03ahd:202
^
English 03 fsd:398
Caracal : a wild cat with black ears
Karkar
see root.
Karl
Sanskrit 03 KLN:238; SYN:402
~x
Karpasah:
h
Persian ffl KLN:238; MON:2932
'
karpas : cotton cloth U^$
w
Arabic
03 MON:2932;KLN:238
karbas
Persian 03 mon:2932
WarbclS : cotton cloth lA*£
VahshT j\p ^ j| JjJ>J ^ ^lyj
v*
^
Greek 03 kln:238
karpasos : cotton
Latin 03 kln:238
English 03 kln:238
carbasus : tint
Sanskrit 03 kln:229
~X
Karpurah, Karpurah:
camphor tree
W
Pahlavi
03 VDQ:356; BQT:1571
kapUT: campho.
Persian 03 bqt:1571
kafUT: camphor <A\$
Manuchehrt ^p")| ^ ^Lw» j! i'j^-M - jj_90 ^jl £^r p j! ijJji
t:
(•Arabic 03 PLA:225; DOZ:47; VDQ:356
kafur
TAD:60 derives this from Greek "kafoura".
4-Middle Latin
03 KLN:229
camphora
► French
^
English 03 kln:229
camphor
AHD traces this to the
Malay word "kapur: chalk"
Karpurah
see root: Karpurah
213
Karsvar Katara
Avestan / Old Persian 03 brt:459; hrn:191
~X
Karsvar:
a "circle" of land, country
w
^
Pahlavi 03 brt:459
klSVar : country
Persian 03 BQT:1656; BRT:459
kesvar : country
js j£
Kas 1
see root : Kes 1
Indo-European 03 pok:533; wld1:358
Kas 2
~x
to direct, command
w
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:533; BRT:1574; SYN:1338; BQT:354
SaS 1 , Sah 1 : command
Sasta, Sastai": rater, oppressor
SaXVan, Sasna: instructions, teachings
paiti-Sahva : return of speech, answer^*" Per 3
^
^
Pahlavi
03 BQT:354,1573; MON:1843
Sastar : ruler, oppressor
Sastareh : bad domination
SOXVan : instructions, speech
paSSaXV, paSUX: answer
Persian
03 BQT:354,1072,1107; HRN:160; MON:1796; FSF:99
Sasta : oppressor, demon jU^Lu < w«w
SOXan : speech
paSOX : answer
See "Kens" for another possible root of "soxan".
See "Wegwh" for another possible root of "pasox"
Avestan 03 MON:2987; SOD:204; BQT:1651
Kasyapa : tortoise
Cognate with Sanskrit "kacyapa"
>— Persian 03 MON:2987; BQT:1651; HRN:191
W
^
Sogdian 03 SOD:204
kysf : tortoise
kasaf : tortoise
Rudak
Jj^l »J& <<^uo y 1 r j3 JxJo _ JjJj J\&y~ °y^' *— ^ t)y%
Sanskrit 03 bqt:1555
~X
Katara:
shy, disoriented, wandering
V k
^
Persian ffl bqt:1555
katureh : wandering, disoriented, dizziness
tf
Persian words may be cognates with rather than derivatives from Sanskrit
214
Kau Kavuta
W
Indo-European 03 pok:535; wld:331
KaU, QaU 1 : to strike, beat
~~\
Avestan
03 SYN:290; WLD:331; SNS:150
k6s : strike
fra-kosaiti : wis
kau-kusati : tries, fights
thwaxsa : try
Persian 03 bqt:1648, 1731
kostan : to km
kuSldan : to try, to fight
*jlojtxo Ow> 3 <£Jjy )' ^ - [*?,'
ljlo_?i_o_fc
£ 0\— UJ 'J>
tfM)
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
haujam : cut grass
English
hay, hoe
Indo-European 03 IEC:483; POK:434
A
Kau 2, Qau 2, Kaukos: / ,
raucous bird
w
^
Sanskrit 03ahd:1521
Cakora : partridge
Persian UJ IEC:1521; MON:2888
kabk : partridge S*£
Kaukos
see root: Kau 2
^
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:43
A
Kavuta :
gray, dark blue
Old Persian 03 ISS:43
kapautaka : gray, dove
Pahlavi
03 HRN:187; KNT:178
kapot, kapotar
V
Sogdian 03 ISS:43; SOD:191
kp'wtk:M/e
kp'wt'ychic/oi/e
Persian UJ BQT:1589; MON:2890
kabud : gray, dark blue, purple Ji ^
kabutar : dove ( jtf$ ) J^S
)W ?*j^ j-ij <0 *$ I C-X& fAt
Hafez cUwOljl 2> jiXi JLw OJj ^> Jb'j
CEL6:46 derives "kabutar" from
Indo-European "Kepro: a kind of bird"
Latin 03 ISS:43
Capotes : dove (a Latih-Armehiah word)
Greek 03 ISS:43
kapauta : dove (a Greek-Armehiah word)
Sanskrit 03 ISS:43
kapota : dark blue, dove
215
Kayik | Keanos
Turkish 03 kln:220
~X
Kayik :f) af
W
^
Italian 03 kln:220
French 03 phn:85
h
Persian 03 MON:2629; ARK:214
'
qayeq : boat 'i,l£
English 03 AHD:187; LKT:81; KLN:220; FWE:45
Caiique : a row or sail boat
Kaz
see root.
Kaz
Old Persian
Kaz, Kaz
: inexpensive silk
v*
Pahlavi
03 BQT:1637; PLA:218
kac, kac:an
inexpensive silk
^
Persian UJ mon:2963
kaz : inexpensive silk ( 9\£ A j£ < A j£ < A J ) y
kazakand : silk-filled^ Gwhen 1 ( JJ^W ) Jj6"l jS"
W
W
French 03 ahd:209
casaqueand, casaque : a kind
of silk-filled garment
English 03 kln:246
CaSSOCk : a long garment
worn by the clergy
Arabic
03 LKT:91; PLA:218; NFI:40
qaZ : a type of cloth
Persian 03 mon
qaZ : a kind of cloth
Jr*
French ffl nfi:40
gaze : a loosely woven
cotton fabric
AHD and KLN derive this from
Gaza in Palestine where the
fabric was supposed to be made
Persian ffl mon:3166
gaz : a surgical
dressing
$
English 03 kln
gauze
Ke1
Ke2
see root: Ak
see root: Ki 2
Greek 03 knt:164
Keanos :
lying, siting
W
Greek 03 knt:164
O-keanOS : lying around,
water surrounding the earth
FSD:1707 & TAD:5 derive this word from
Greek "6kys:swift". See Root "Oku:swift".
^
t;
21!
Latin 03ahd:909
OCeanUS : ocean
Arabic 03 tad:5
OqyanUS : ocean
Persian 03 mon:327
OqyanUS : ocean ^yl
Ail
English 03 ahd
Ke-e-tero Kei 1
Ke-e-tero
see root.
12
^
Indo-European 03 pok:537; ieC:458
Keg, Keng, Kek, Kenk 2, Kagi
Avestan
03 POK:537
cang : hook
Persian UJ POK:537; BQT:665
Cang : hook, paw, harp
( lX>Jc>- i JUJc* ) lSJc»
Arabic ffl pla:18
Sanj : harp, cymbal
'W-
Persian 03 mon:2165
Sanj, Ser\\: cymbal j^p
See root "Geu 1" for another possible derivation.
W
^
Persian UJ IEC:458; MON:2910
Kaj : bent, crooked, tilted, wrong ( (".Vy < 'y ) ?0
Hafez <_&]j jj; ^jVfc y^p *0 Jw> /jJ jJ> «0 0^ _ XiU ^-i^LiS 7J— J> f '3— ' l5^ ) J' f^ J3
Germanic 03 ahd
hoka : hook
hakkijan : to hack
English
hook, hack
W
Indo-European 03 pok:540
~X
Kei 1, Kiel:
gray or black color, dark
Avestan 03 POK:541; BRT:1631
Syava : black
Syava-arsan : (with) "black male"
animals^^ Eres 1
Sya-maka : owner of "black hair"
Persian 03 HRN:168; BQT:1199; SNS:172
Siyah : black
STyavaS, STyamak : male names
SiyahgUS : the caraca/®"6us 1
Compare "sfya-gus" with Turkish "kara-kulak: black ear"
which is the root of English "caracal". See Root "Kar 2".
^
Hindustani
English 03 kln:1554
SyagUSh : the caracal
Avestan 03 POK:541; KLN:288
Sama : black
h
Persian ffl bqt:1075
'
Sam : "black", a male name A^
Avestan 03 pok:541
Saena : gray, gray bird (falcon)
Saena-merega : dark bird cr Merega
Sogdian 03 SOD:370
S W : black
h
Persian ffl BQT:1237; HRN:169
'
SahTn : falcon 'wJ&Ui
Simorg : a legendary bird C yv^
Germanic 03 ahd
hiwan : color, hue
English
hue
Latin 03 pok:541
CimeX : black bug
English
cimex, chinch
217
Kei 2 I Kei 3
W
Indo-European 03 pok:539
~X
Kei 2, Kie 2, Ki 1
to set in motion
Old Persian ffl POK:539; HRN:172
SiyaV : to set in motion, march
Saw : to go
W
Pahlavi 03 hrn:172
SUtan : to become
Persian 03 BQT:1261; FFD:62
SOdan : to become
( ytv i yt ) ^}.W
W
V
Avestan 03 pok:539
SaV 2, SyaV : to go
Syaothna : conduct, effect
Syaoman : action, work
fra-SUte : put in motion, moved
Greek 03 pok:539
kinein : to move
kinema : motion
French 03 ahd:243
Cinema : motion
Persian UJ mon:1985
S\nema : cinema
English
V*
English
kinetic
W
^
Latin 03ahd
Ciere : to move
citare : to put in motion, summon
English
citation, excite, solicit
Kei 3
see root.
Ak
21S
Kei 4 Keku
^
Indo-European 03 pok:539
~X
Kei 4 : to lie, rest
IaOI"10 : bed, couch, home, domain
Greek 03 POK:539; TAD:2
koite, ari-koite : (decorated) bed
Wo\man : put to sleep
koimeterion : sleeping room
Arabic
03 TAD:2; FVA:30
arikeh : throne
a.r.k: bed
Persian UJ FVA:30; MON:210; BQT:112
arikeh : bed, throne, domain
araek : thrones, domains
W
Latin 03ahd:217
COemeterion : sleeping room, graveyard
English 03 ahd
cemetery
W
Sanskrit B3ahd:1196
SlVa : auspicious, dear
I
Persian 03 MON5:960
STva : one of the Hindu Gods
!&**«
English 03 ahd
Siva, Shiva : the God of destruction and reproduction in Hinduism
W
L
Latin 03 ahd
CIVIS : a member of the household, citizen
English 03 ahd
civil, civic, city, civilization
Old High German 03 ahd
nein
nein
heim : home
heimerich : house ruler
Old French 03 ahd
ham, hamlet -. village
English 03 ahd
hamlet, Hamlet
^
English 03ahd:615
Henry
Kek
see root: Keg
^,
Indo-European 03 WLD1:381; POK:543; IEC:1390
KekU, QeqUe : club, hammer
Teuk-os:
A
beak, peak, tip
t -Avestan 03 pok:543
kakus, cakus:£
hammer
Pahlavi
03 BQT:613
cakoc : s
Persian 03 POK:543; SYN:597; BRT:575; MON:1268; IEC:1390
CakkoS : hammer
CaqiJ : knife
IEC links "cakkos" to "cowgan". See root "Cop"
Old Persian 03 pok:543
queke : club, staff
Pahlavi 03 mon:1300
Cakat : peak, tip
Sanskrit 03 IEC:1390
COkah : peak, hammer
Persian 03 FRS:80; MON:1300
Cakad : peak, summit, high point ( fl^li^- ) ^li^-
N '1 ' '1
Ferdowst y{i j> J>Lw ^IjjJ jl Xol <0 _ iH> jl ^l) sjji ^Iji XoL)
215
Kel 1 I Kel 2
^
Indo-European 03 pok:551; syn:1078
~X
IaGI 1 : cold, also warm, warm season, a year
This root has two opposing meanings
Avestan 03 POK:551; SYN:1078
sareta : cold
Saretha : bringing cold
x;
Sogdian 03 S0D:362
Srt -.cold
Pahlavi 03 hrn:23
Sart : cold (adj.)
Sarmak : cold (noun)
aWSartan : to become
cold, to lose hope.
Persian
03 POK:551; SYN:1078; BQT:149;
sard : cold ( Uj-» ) ij-»
afsordan : to tose hope |Y>v»il
^
w
w
w
^
Avestan
03 POK:551;SYN:1012
sarez, sareda :
a warm season, a year
Pahlavi
03 HRN:153
salak, sal:
Persian 03 POK:551; SYN:1012
Sal : year JLu
gUSaleh : calf(one year old) ** Gwou <uL»o£
Old Persian
03 SYN:1012; KNT:188; BQT:7
thard, Sard: year
Upa-Sard : toward the year,
beginning of the year, spring
Persian 03 bqt:7
absal : spring
^)[Lm*)I ji-JI i^M ^Lm*)
Vfs-o-Ramfn
■s&
Latin 03ahd
CalOHfieaf
Calere : to be warm
Calefare : to warm up
French 03 ahd
calorie, chauffeur, chauffage
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:361
srd:
Persian 03 mon:2090,2860
jUy& , j$y& , LSjJ"
English 03 ahd
calorie, chauffeur
W I Pahlavi 03 HRN:192,193; t
Indo-European 03 pok:553
K©l 2 : to cover
A
kulaf : cover, hat
kurpak : shelter, hut
Persian 03 BQT:1671,1673; PLA:233
kolah : hat
kolbeh : hut
( SJS )oJS
w
Greek
03 AHD; SYN:460
kaluptein : to cover
kolba : shelter, hut
Latin 03 ahd
eU-CaliptUS : a plant
with "well covered"
flowers^Su 1
Persian 03 mon:404
okaliptUS : eucalyptus ^£*J\$\
English
eucalyptus
^
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
hallo : covered place
helmaZ: head cover
English
hall, hell, hole, hollow
helmet
Latin 03 ahd
Color : that which covers
Celare : to hide
220
English
color, conceal
Kel 3 I Kel 3
W
Indo-European 03 pok:548
Kel 3 : to shout call
~~\
Greek 03 POK:548; AHD:412
ek-kalein:toca//ou(
ekklesia : an assembly of people
Pahlavi
03 MON:3050
kiltsyiak : church
Persian 03 bqt:1688
kellSa : church ( L.JS' ) LwJS"
Kamal Esmafl
W
Aramaic 03 tad:65
kenUSta : assembly
of people
K.n.s, K.n.S:he
gathered
Arabic 03 sap:1448
k.n.S : he gathered,
collected, swept
kaniseh : Jewish
temple
► —
Persian 03 mon:3105,3096
kanS : sweeping of the house
^
kannaS : cleaning person
o*&
kanTseh : Jewish temple
<u^
Hebrew 03 kln:849
kanas : he gathered
keneseth : assembly
Pahlavi
03 MON:3096
kanasya :
Jewish
assembly
Persian UJ bqt:1709
kenest : Jewish assembly C-Jw < C-Jw
V*
English ffl AHD:724; KLN:849
Kneseth : Israeli parliament
W
Latin 03 POK:548; ahd
claSSIS : summons, a group of people
French 03 ahd:248
classe
h
Persian 03 mon:3015
kelas : class ^%
English
class
W
Latin 03 ahd
Concilium : a meeting
French 03 ahd:303
COncilie : assembly
I
Persian 03 mon:3097
konSLjl : council, consul iJ&*a3g3 < ijo^j
English
council, consul
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
clamare : to can
kalendae : first day of month (for announcements)
clarUS : clear
English
claim, calendar, clear, declare
221
Kel 4 I Kel 6
Indo-European 03 pok:546; kln:316
Kel 4, Qel : gray, black, dark
~~\
^
L
Greek 03 pok:547
k0lumb0S:agray(j/rd
Persian 03 pok:547
Carmeh : horse
Ferdowsf & ,
'> ^J"? J") j>
Latin 03ahd:264
COl-Umba:gray(j/rd,
pigeon, dove
^
English 03 ahd
Columbia, Colombia, Columbus, Columba, Colombo
Columbarium : a pigeonhole in a dovecote
These words reached English through Italian, Spanish and other languages
W
Indo-European ffl pok:550
IaGI 5 : cup, bowl
^\
Greek
03 POK:550
kalix:
|Syriac 03afm:131
W
Latin 03 pok:550
calix:c
Persian 03 afm:131; mon
kaseh : bowl ( S yJ6 , ' ,y>6 ) iJ6
klJZeh : pitcher, jug ( ' }aS ) o}y
W
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:550
kalasah :
Arabic 03 AFM:131; VDQ:355
ka's:c
Indo-European 03 pok:545
Kel 6:
A
to strike, cut, stab
Persian ffl MON:3037; IEC:464
kaland, kolang : spade S^iS < JjJ5
9
Moiavr jjjo ji JSj> \j <0 (VwcjJjJ - JjJ5 j^ 4JL3'j u c-^> y
w
Latin 03ahd:1521
gladiuS: sword
English 03 ahd
gladiator
W
French 03 VOP:307
gladiyator
Persian 03 VOP:307
geladiyator : gladiator j yUjlMS^
Latin 03ahd:1521
clamitas :
English 03 ahd
calamity
Greek 03ahd:1521
klon : twig
English 03 ahd
clone
222
Kelewo Kem 2
Indo-European 03 pok:554; kln:226
KeleWO, KalWO : lacking, bald
~^\
Sogdian 03 SLW:10.1.96
kfW : empty, lacking
the link is note quite certain
Persian 03 bqt:1631
karveh : tooth cavity T t *S
Avestan 03 POK:554; KLN:226
kaurva : bald
Persian 03 BQT:1665; POK:554
kal : bald
<y*><j>
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:226
CalvUS : bald
Calvaria : skull, smooth hill
English
Calvary : the hill where Jesus was crucified
Calvin : male name
Indo-European 03 pok:556
~X
Kem 1 =
W
^
Avestan ffl POK:556; AHM:274
Sima : yoke beam
SimOlthra : ring beneath horse's neck
h
Persian ffl HRN:168; BQT:1205; AHM:274
'
Sim 1 : yoke beam ' .^^
Indo-European 03 pok:556; cei_6:122
KeiTl 2 : to cover
~~\
W
Greek 03vdQ:352
kamision : shirt
W
Latin 03 pok:556
CamiSia : shirt
Arabic
03 VDQ:352; OXF:209
qam\S : cotton shirt
Persian UJ mon:2729
qamiS : cotton shirt <Ua**9 t d^ti
^
English 03 OXF:209
kameez : shirt
W
Old French 03 ahd:230
chemise : shirt, <
h
Persian UJ mon:2079
p
SOITlTz : file folder V^Ji
^
English 03ahd:193
camisa, chemise, chemisette
223
Ken Kenk 2
W
Indo-European ffl pok:563
lA©n : young, fresh
^\
Avestan 03 POK:563; SOD:190
kan 2, kaine, kainin, kaimya: young girl
kan-ya, kain-ika : small woman
Pahlavi
03 FSF:275; HRN:194
kanik: young girl
kanicak: young girl
Sogdian 03 SOD:190
knc : girl
knC k : young girl
Persian
03 BQT:1715; HRN:174
kaniz :
w
^
Latin 03 pok:563
re-CenS : fresh, new
English
recent
Keng
see root.
Keg
W
Indo-European 03 pok:566
A
Kenk 1 -.heel, knee
Koksa : N P
Avestan / Old Persian
03 KLN:735; BRT:456
kasa : arm pit
kars : to puii
h
Persian ffl HRN:191; BQT:1653,1657,1755
'
kesaleh : crutch
4\j£
kesidan : to puii
d xj6
kaSKLJI : Dervish's cup that is "carried by the shoulder"
JyJ*)
tlf-kas : bag for carrying arrows, gu/Ver^Steig
<^>^
klS 1 : distorted form of "tfr-kas", quiver
Jv
k I S 2 : a "kTs 1 "-looking island south of Iran
Jv
Anvarf Abfvardf ' J^S j^ 1$5 y j*iX> j*3 _
JiJJj fi 7" fLm ttf y |")U>— <*j|
^
Latin 03ahd:326
COXa : hip
COXinUS : hip rest
Old French 03 ahd
CUISSe, COISSin : cushion
h
Persian Uvop:296
'
kusan : cushion 'y^tS
English
cushion
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
hanhila:/?ee/
English
heel
Kenk 2
see root.
Keg
224
Kens Kens
Indo-European 03 pok:566; wld1:403
KenS : to speak solemnly, proclaim
~~\
W
^
W
Old Persian 03 pok:566; knt:18
than : to say, declare
thatiy : says
Persian 03 tzf:19
SOXan : speech . i,.
See "Kas 2" for another possible root of "soxan"
Avestan 03 POK:566; KNT:18
Sah 2 : to say, declare
Persian UJ IEC:6
afsaneh : labia ( <oLi ) liLil
Khayyam
Latin 03 POK:566; AHD:1522
CenS-ere : to judge, estimate, tax
I
French
CenSUI": censor
Persian 03vop:210
SanSOr : censor
V*
Greek ffl ahd:301,1522
KOS-mein : to arrange in order
k0S-metik0S : skilled in beautifying
koS-ITlOS : arrangement, world
A possible derivation from
Indo-European "Kens".
French ffl ahd:301
COSmetique : cosmetic
^
^
Jr u
>w
English 03ahd:1522
censor, census
Persian UJvop:321
matik : lipstick
S»3{/>
English 03ahd:301
cosmetic
English 03 ahd
cosmos, cosmic
225
Ker1 Ker2
W
W
W
Indo-European ffl POK:574; KLN:261,657
K©T 1 : head, horn
^\
Avestan 03 AHD; POK:574; KLN:261
sarah, sarah:nead
Pahlavi
Persian 03 bqt
Avestan
03 POK:574; BRT:1650; LEW:905
SriJ 1 , Srva 1 : head, horn, nail
sru-bhara, srvara : carried
on the head, horn Bbev 1
Persian 03 BQT:1130; HRN:162
SOm, Sariin: horn
\
osr 1 < sr 1
Nezamf
Greek 03 kln:237
keras, keration -. mie horn,
also referred to the horned-
shaped fruit of the carob tree
Arabic 03 KLN:237; TAD:60
qirat : fruit of the carob tree which
was used as a unit of weight.
Persian
qirat J,!^
Wl
Middle Latin
French
English
carat
V»
English
rhinoceros
W
Greek 03ahd:831
hemi-kranion:pa/n
in "one half of head"
Latin
hemi-crania
French 03 ahd:831
migrene : headache
L
Persian 03 mon:4503
migren
'Js%*
English 03ahd:831
migraine
^
L
Different Languages 03 ahd
English
carrot, cheek, corner, horn
Sanskrit 03 AHD:1522; KLN:657
Smga : horn
Sringa-Vera : horn-shaped
root of ginger
Pahlavi 03 VDQ:42
sanga-vir, singiber
Persian
03 MON:1751; VDQ:42
SangabTI : ginger \*&Xi
W
Pali 03 KLN:657
Singivera : ginger
w
Greek 03 kln:657
Ziggiberis : ginger
Arabic 03vdQ:238
ZanzabTI : ginger
From Greek through Syriac.
Persian
03 MON:1751; VDQ:238
ZanjebTI : ginger J~^0
'J
W
^
Latin 03 kln:657
gingiber, zingiber,
zinziber
Old French
03 KLN:657
gingiber, gingiver
English 03 AHD:667; KLN:657
ginger, gingerale
Ker2
see root: Sek
22!
Ker 3 Ker 3
W
V
Indo-European 03 pok:567
~X
Kef 3, Qer, Qor, Ql": /oud noise, noisy birds
Avestan 03 POK:571; KLN:1305
XraOS : loud noise
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:741
XrUSlten : yell, roar
XrOS : rooster
Persian UJ irt:44
xorusidan
to roar, scream
XOrUS : rooster
Avestan 03 pok:568
kahrkatat : some noisy birds
kahrka-asa : eating bird (vulture) *" Ed
Sogdian 03 S0D:128
Crks : vulture
Persian 03 BQT:1624,2268; MON:5001
karkas : vulture ^J $
kark, karak : poultry ( «p J5 ( Jj^ ) Jj
^J\y cJ 'y j^ <W»l> LJiXfc y&J> jJjuiu
Anvan o y CJjJSj^ <W»l> (V^W 3^>i> jjjuib
Persian 03 pok:569
SOffeh : cough 43 „»
Sanskrit 03 pok
krOSa : a loud sound,
also the distance reached
by such a loud voice
Germanic 03 ahd
hr : a ringing sound
skrainjan, skreki:
krik : to creak
Persian 03 BQT:1630; MON:2960
koruh : a unit of distance (about two miles) ' oo j
^l \_> (Jlo ^u JjJj J>^y ^ y - J*-#— 5 W o^y W^* v^ ^'^
Khaqanf
English
ringing, rook, raven
scream, screech
cricket
227
Ker 4 Kerb
W
Indo-European 03 POK:573,583
~X
Ker 4, Kers 1 , Kerb : dirt, dark, black
Pahlavi
03 POK:573
karic : dirt,
manure
h
Persian ffl POK:573; BQT:1631; MON:1281
'
kareh : dirt \ $$
Cardeh : a suffix indicating (dark) color ( &«• p- oLi) 0J> J>
d\ S" 4 *> J? 4 &S 3"
Naser-Khosrow
w
L
Old Persian 03 pok:583
kirsman : black
Persian 03 bqt:1619
kars : dirt (1 i^ St j^ $ ) j-" $
Sanskrit 03 pok:583
krsna : black
w
Persian 03 bqt:1619
karsneh : a black grain ( Sx£$ , ^~S) ^ C*j£
^
Hindustani 03 ahd:727
krisna : the black c
English 03 ahd:727
Krishna
Indo-European 03 pok:571; ieC:590
~X
Ker 5, Kur, Kerta : ,
Persian 03 IEC:590; MON:3121
kureh : fireplace, oven, kiln 0)V
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 522
hertho : hearth
Latin 03ahd:1522
Carb6 : charcoal
English 03 ahd
hearth
English 03 ahd
carbon, carburetor
French 03 ahd ►-
Persian 03 V0P:267,278
karbon : carbon ( . j X ) ,jj
w
L
Latin 03ahd:1522
cremare : to bum
English 03 ahd
cremate
Greek 03ahd:1522
keramOS : potter's clay
^ I French !►
English 03 ahd
^
Persian 03vop:211
SeramiC -.ceramic
Ow>l
r
Kerb
see root: Ker A
Kerd 1 Kerdho
W
Indo-European 03 pok:579; syn:251
~X
Kerd 1, Kred: heart
Avestan
03 POK:580; KLN:352; SYN:251; LAT:254
Zered, Zaredaya : heart, center
ZraZ-da, SraZ-da : to give heart, believe.
^06 2
Pahlavi
03 BQT:873
dll : heart
Persian 03 BQT:873; LAT:254
del : heart
The "z" sound is kept in
Kurdish "zanheart" and
Baluchi "zirde:heart".
Ji
Germanic 03 ahd
hert-On : heart
English
heart
Latin 03 AHD; POK:580
COr : heart
ad-COr : at heart, agreeable, in harmony
re-CCT : remind, remember, record
COm-CCTS : of same heart, in harmony
Credere : to put heart in something,
believe
► French 03 ahd
Persian 03 mon:76
akordTon : accordion
by^j^ '
English 03 ahd
accord, accordion, record
concord, courage, credit
^
English 03 ahd
core, cordial
V*
^
Greek 03 ahd
kardia : heart
English
cardiac, cardiovascular
Indo-European 03 pok:579
~X
Kerd 2, Kerdho, Kerdha :
W
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:579
Saredha : way, kind, race, breed
Pahlavi
Sartak : breed
Persian 03 BQT:1122; SNS:183
Sardeh : race, breed, kind
oi
r
Germanic 03 ahd
herdo : herd
English
herd
Kerdha
Kerdho
see root: Kerd 2
see root: Kerd 2
225
Kerk Kerta
W
Indo-European 03 pok:581
~X
Kerk, Kork, Krk ■. mm, slender
Avestan 03 POK:581; BQT:1795; KLN:672
keresa : thin, little
keresa-vazda : with "ante power
keresa-aspa : with "lean horses"
** Ekwos
Persian 03 bqt:1795
GarSIVaZ : "with little power", a male name
GafSasp : "with lean horses", a male name
v -/
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:32,195
'ks, ks : thin, small, weak
W
^
Latin 03 POK:581; KLN:672
gracilis : slender
English 03 ahd:570
gracile
Keros
Kers 1
see root: Sper
see root: Ker4
^ | Egyptian 03 AHD:30; OEW:182
Indo-European 03 0EW:182
~X
Kers 2-.t
khem : black
Criem : a native word for Egypt due to its black soil at Nile shores
W
Greek ffl AHD:30; KLN:45
Xema : black land, the former name of Egypt, the art
of transmutation practiced by the Egyptians.
W
Arabic 03 ahd
al-kimya, al-kimiya : the art of transmutation
OEW:124 & FSD:66 say it is possible this word is
derived from Greek "xymeia:infusion" from root
"Gheu:to pour". KLN:45, however, does not agree.
Persian 03 bqt:1759
kTmTya : chemistry, LfcJ"
any rare substance
Suzanf
V.
(•Latin 03 ahd
alchymia
French
alchemie, Chimie : chemistry
I
Persian ffl mon:2115
S I m I : chemistry
<y*v"
English 03 kln:45
chemistry, alchemist
W
^
Sanskrit 03 0EW:182
Krishna : the black one,
title of an Indian God
English 03 0EW:182
Krishna
Persian UJ M0N5:1572
KriSna : an old Indian god
Kerta
see root: Ker5
230
Kes 1 I Kes 2
Indo-European 03 pok:586
Kes 1 , Kas 1 : to cut
^\
W
Latin 03 ahd
Castrum, Castellum:an "isolated"
fortified place, camp, castle
castrare : to cut
Arabic 03 kln:45
al-qasr:cas»e
h
Persian ffl mon:2682
'
qaSf :casf/e ^&
w
v»
French 03 ahd
chateau
English
chateau, castle
^
English 03 ahd
castrate, chastity
W
^
Indo-European 03 pok:585; wld1:449
~X
Kes 2, Qseu : t
Avestan 03 POK:585; KNT:175
hu-XSnuta, hu-Sniita : well polished,
pleasant, happy Su 1
xsnavaya : to satisfy
h
Persian ffl HRN:113; BQT:755; FFD:52
'
XOSnud: happy ^ajji>
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:83
XSn W : to satisfy
Greek 03 POK:587; IEC:572
KSniO : to scratch, comb
kse6 : rake
Pahlavi 03 hrn:170
Sanak : comb
Persian UJ bqt:1230
Saneh : comb
\ iilb
^
English ffl KLN:1758
Xyster : bone scraper
Persian UJ POK:585; BQT:1307
SUP : with sharp taste, salty
shUf-ba : a salty soup ^Pekw
( Ojy*> ) jy*>
Mj5^
Khaqanf \ijyk 4X>I j^> jl JJJtO LSw C-J3I - (Jj-J j l^Xil jJi j> -Ajjj-ji (jjl >J y
v»
^
Persian 03 IEC:572
XaSldan : to chew
J llA**"**"
This word was not found in MON.
231
Ket Keu 2
Indo-European ffl pok:586
KOI, KOI : living room
^\
^ I Avestan ffl pok:586
kata : house
buiti-kata:/do//70(7se^ = Bheu 3
BQT:234 claims Avestan "kata: house, space, a dug-in place" is derived
from Avestan "kan: to dig" and is cognate with Persian "xaneh: house".
See Indo-European root "Gwhen 1" for more details.
C
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1604
katak : house
b6t-katak : temple
Persian UJ POK:586; BQT:1604
kad-: of the house ( ljj>ji" , yljiS" ) _ji"
-kadeh : house of ( 8 jjjw< oJJJiib ,iJ$l> ) Ojj" .
^+- I Hindustani I
I,
t f-Portugii
^
English
03 SKT:366; LKT:30; AID:233
pagoda
See HJB:652 for more details.
see root:
Keu 1
1
Geu 1
w
Indo-European ffl POK:592; IEC:589
KGU 2 : vault, hole, to swell
Kuur, Kuros. hole
rALinOS : lump, swelling, body
~^\
Avestan 03 POK:593; FFD:61
sura, suwra : hole
sufra, sufraka : to pio\
pierce
sub, sunb, saub:f
Pahlavi
03SNS:192
SUrak : hole
SUlak:/7ofe
SUmb 2 : ramrod
Persian
03 BQT:1185; HRN; ZAW:233; MON:1657
SUraX : hole
SOftan : to pierce
ramrod *U^«u< *UJw«
SOnbTdan : to pierce, ram '
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1738
kun : buttocks
Persian 03 IEC:589
kun : buttocks \S
Latin 03ahd
CaVUS : hollow
Cumulus : heap
English
cave, cage, jail, excavate
accumulate
Sanskrit 03 pok:592
sunya, sunyah : empty
Arabic 03 kln:290
Safara : was empty
Seff, siff : empty, zero, a loan translation
of the old Sanskrit word "Sunyah"
Persian 03 mon
sefr : z
/*
Spanish
03 AHD; KLN:290
cifra :
French
chiffre
English 03 ahd:243
cipher,
decipher
^
Latin 03 kln:290
Zephymm : empty
French
English
232
Keu 3 Keu 3
W
Indo-European 03 pok:587
~X
Keu 3, Kou, Skeu 3, Skou-. to watch, see, hear
Avestan
03 HRN:196; FAF:504
Kavi : sovereign
kava-USan : rich king
Pahlavi 03 hrn:196
kay : king
kayOS : rich king
Sogdian 03 SOD:202
C|Wy : giant, hero
Persian 03 BQT:1749-1751; MON:3147; FAF:491,504
kay 2 : king ( ,j»$J$ , %j»£«$ i >\J-S) J>.
KaVUS : "rich king", a male name ( ir^lS ) ir^^w
kiya : a respected person in a group ( ir^a3w ) w
kiyan : kings ( j\J ) ^LS"
5 «ilf3 jjL« ^LJ> Ji jj ijj . j^« ck%> Ji ijy ^l^ yji (j I
Osman Mokhtarf
Sanskrit 03 POK:587; HRN:196
kavi
wise, sovereign
Persian 03 POK:588; ZAW:81
SOkuh : glory
V
Avestan 03 WLD:1369; POK:587
CeVISI : attend, expect, hope
Old Persian 03 pok:588
au-saudihtwei : to trust
Greek 03ahd
akavein : to hear
kudos : glory
French
acoustique
h
Persian 03vop:15
aklJStTk : acoustic SjLuS I
^
English
acoustic
kudos : glory
^
L
Latin 03ahd
Cavere : to watch
English
caveat, caution, precaution
^
Germanic 03 ahd
haujjan : to hear
skaUUOn : to look, show
English
hear, show
Keu 3
see root: Skeu 2
233
Keu 4 Keued
W
Indo-European 03 pok:594
~X
KeU 4, KeU-bh : to shine, bright
Avestan
03 POK:594; BRT:221,1631; SYN:995
SUr, Savah 2 : morning
SUram : early morning
a-SUf : not (yet) morning,
dawn *" Ns 1
SUirya : breakfast
SavahT : the East
Pahlavi
03 HRN:166
SUI":(jreaMasf,
meal, festivity
Persian 03bqt:1185
HRN:237
SUP : festivity, party
jy
SUma : a horn played
at festivities
<Jvjy
vjy*>
^Nsdo
^ I Old Persian 03 pok:594
^
Caune : bright red, a plant with bright colored fruits
Keu 5
Keub
Keu-bh
Keud
see root : Ku 1
see root : Geu 1
see root: Keu 4
see root: Keued
Indo-European 03 pok:595
Keued, Keud, Qeud, Skeud 2.
to yell
W
L
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:595
kutsa : blame
Middle English 03 pok:596; syn:1251
SCUten : to yell
Persian UJ POK:595; WLD1:378; HUB:102
nekukTdan : to blame ( JiJbSj ) t)i«&£j
English
shout
234
Keukl Khai
W
Indo-European ffl pok:597
KG UK 1 : to shine, be white
^\
Avestan
03 POK:597; HRN:161,165; IRN:128
saoc, sauk, saux: to light up
Saoka : flame
SUXra : glowing red
SUXra-Vard : red rose®" Wrdho
aiwi-Saoka : burn in regref^Ambhi
upa-suxta, atra-saoka, saocint
V
Persian 03 BQT:1183,1189,1195; DRM:131; IRN:128; FFD:61
SUXtan : to burn
(r^y
)y&> i
Jy i wljyw i
£>' jy* * J^Jr 1
SLjk : sorrow, mourning
<
*J>y*> ) dy*>
SOrX : red
( U->l jfy<*> i
<y>\2>-y*> ) **• ytl
Sohrvard : a town near Tehrai
(Red Rose)
^iij**
afsUS : regret
ij^aiipfcwl
Avestan 03 hrn:167
Saokenta : a burning substance, sulfur
Saokenta-Vant : a drink mixed with sulfur
W
Sogdian ffl sod:365
swgnd, swk'nt:oaf/7
Persian ffl bqt:1190
sogand : oath
JwO a
Originally "sogand" was a sulfur filled drink
given to defendants to determine the truth
based on their body reaction to sulfur.
W
^
Greek 03 pok:597
kuknOS : white, white i
English
Cygnet: young £
Keuk2
Keup
see root : Geu 1
see root : Geu 1
Armenian 03 mon:1384
A
Khac, Xac 2.
V*
^
Persian UJ HUB:227; BQT:696; MON:1384
I*-
Xaj : cross, club suit in cards w-
Kamal Esmatl ij\ ^lj_> JuiS ji 4_wjJj> (JUj _ JjSj w<-J5 ijj-O rl> J i— vJw»
Indo-European 03 pok:634; wld1:341
~x
Khad, Qhad:
w
Sanskrit
03 POK:634
xad : to bits
Avestan
03 HRN:104
xad 1
^
Persian 03 bqt:712
XayTdan : to grind with teeth, chew ( (J^y ) AXoty
Khai
see root : Ghei 1
235
Khan Ki 1
Mongolian 03 kln:844
Khali : ruler
~~\
W
Turkish 03 kln:844
khan:
^
Persian ffl bqt:707; mon
Xan : sir, title of respect ( -3\i»' t /\vaUjU»- ) Q&
W
Arabic
03 KLN:844
English 03 kln:844
khan :mis of respect
AHD claims "khan" entered English
xan
from Turkish through Latin & French
Kharpuna
Khei
see root: Kahrpu
see root : Ghei 1
Mongolian 03 kln:251
~X
Khitan
: an area in north west China
^
L
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:174
gwdnyk : Khotanese
Persian 03 bqt:715
XOtan : poetic name for China
( n
Middle Latin 03 kln:251
cataya
English 03 kln:251
Cathay, Khitan, Khotan: poeti
fie names of China
Arabic 03 FVA:348; KLN:46
lA.n.l : very fine Antimony powder used for coloring eyelids.
W
Arabic 03 fva:348
kohl : powder for coloring eyelids, also
believed to cure certain eye diseases.
kahhal : eye doctor
al-kahl, alkoiil -.highly purified spirits
h
Persian ffl FVA:348; MON:2919
'
kohl : eye powder Vpw
kahhal : eye doctor J{p$
kohul: alcohol \}tf>$
A*** oJjl j i^uC> j^> y> t 4 wU <±*Ji &■') ji (Jjl
Vahshr C^Jj Uw> J^S <■ Gj Jiy jl ^k> »#> )>
w
Latin 03 kln:46
alcohol : sp/rif of «
L
French
alcool
^
h
Persian 03 mon:342
alkol : alcohol J$J|
English 03 KLN:46; AHD:30
alcohol
Ki 1
see root: Kei 2
23t
Ki 2 | Kiph
Indo-European 03 pok:417,609; kln:710
~X
Ki 2, Ko 2, Kyo, Ke 2, Ghe l-.mis
Avestan 03 KLN:735; POK:417
Zl : for, because, indeed
noit-zT
Germanic 03 ahd
hi
English 03 ahd
he, him, his, her, here, hence, it
Indo-European 03ahd:1523
Ke-e-terO : other pari,
other time, again ^^ I 2
t
Latin 03 AHD:1523; KLN:545; POK:284
Ce-terUS : the other part
et-Ce-terT : and other things^ Eti
English
et cetera
Kiel
Kie2
see root : Kei 1
see root: Kei 2
Indo-European 03 IEC:622
A
KieS : bug, t
W
L
^
Armenian 03 IEC:622
Persian 03 IEC:622; MON:1795
SaS : louse, bug
^L
Greek 03 IEC:622
SeS, SeOS:m/(e
Indo-European 03 pok:598
Kiph: thin flexible twig
A
W
W
^
Sanskrit 03 POK:598; WLD1:452
Sipha, Cipha : twig, hair
Persian 03 BQT:1272; MON:2052
Safs : twig, wire ( Uljyji , Dj&jb ) Ajufc
Safsahang : a tool for extruding thin silver and gold wires
Greek 03 pok:598
Xiphos : branch, rod
Arabic 03 tad:39,78
Sayf : sword
S.y.f : to strike with a sword
h
Persian LLI mon:1979
'
Sayf : sword uiu*w
237
KTru Klau
Akkadian 03akd:60
~X
KTru:
Latin 03 kln
CraSSUS : fat, oil
CraSSia : thickness (of liquids)
► Old French
English
03 KLN; AHD
grease
Persian 03 VFO:24
griS : grease < j^J)
Greek
03 AHD:718
keros :
Aramaic
qira:wax, tar
Arabic 03 akd:60
qir:(ar
tar : tar
► —
Persian 03 MON:2765; BQT:1550
qTr : tar J$
^
^
English 03 kln:843
kerosene
Kitintu
see root: Kitu
W
Akkadian 03 bqt:1594
Kitu, Kitintu, Kitunnu
: cotton clothing
Arabic
03 BQT:1594
qutun : cotton
Persian 03 BQT:1594; mon:3543
katan : cotton $$
Nezam Qan ^J>-ljil ^\y^S ^ Jaj Jws [S^j'j - ^>'-^l <^w cj Jw*> <0 <l> 5 I I y»
Spanish 03 ahd
coton
French
coton
English 03 kln:360
cotton
W
Hebrew 03 kln:1664
kuttoneth : cotton clothing
W
Aramaic
03 KLN:1664
kittuna
Latin 03 kln:1664
ctunica, tunica : cotton
clothing, tunic
h
Persian LLI mon:1154
'
tonekeh : underwear
*uJo
"tonekeh" is probably from "tonok: thin, soft".
See root "Ten 1".
^+- 1 French
English
tunic
Persian UJvop:154
tonic : a piece of uS-OaJf
women clothing
W
^
Greek 03 kln:1664
kiton : cotton shirt
English 03ahd:236
chiton
Kitunnu
Klau
see root: Kitu
see root: Kleu 2
23£
Klei Klem
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:600
Klei : to lean
~~\
Avestan 03 pok:600
sray-, snnav-, snnu- : to lean
Srita, Sray- : leaned
Greek 03 pok:600
klima : sloping surface or land
Arabic 03 tad:57
eqlTm : a zone on
earth, country
W
Latin 03ahd
cITma: a zone of earth
V
Greek 03ahd:1523
kline: bed
klimax : ladder
French 03 ahd
clinic
^
^
W
Latin 03ahd:1523
cITmare : to lean, bend
Cliens : dependent, client
^
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 523
hlinen : to lean
hlaider: /adder
rllid : that which bends over and covers, a lid
Persian 03 mon:326
eqlTm : country _JJ|
Sa'dt
English 03 ahd
climate
Persian UJ mon:3051
kelTnTk : clinic lXnIJS"
English 03 ahd
climax
English 03 ahd
decline, incline, recline
client
English 03 ahd
lean
ladder
lid
Indo-European 03 pok:602
KleiTI : tired, loose, dull
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:602
sramana, saman : dun, a dun
person who is not interested
in anything but worshipping,
a monk.
Pahlavi 03 tzf:77
saman : idol
worshipper
Persian 03 BQT:1296; ETM:37; TZF:77
Saman : idol worshiper
Cr***
235
Kleu 1 Kleu 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:605
KleU 1 : to hear
~~\
Avestan 03 hrn:177
sru 2, srav, xsnu, xsnaw:to/?ear
W
W
Pahlavi 03 ffd:64
asnudan : to hear
Persian 03 bqt:1304
SenTdan : to hear
y*Z *J5 j? i y*Z i {j^y**
Avestan
03 POK:605; KLN:1456; FFD:60
Sravah : word, speech
SrU-ta : speech
SraW : to read
SraW : to sing
Persian 03 BQT:1131,1302; MOM; FRS:27
Sarva: poem, story ( ti\^jm , i\^jm ) l^^
br* #' <y y. y ^3} -^ - 1/^ 'fj^ ^ ls^ "^
Ormazdr
Avestan 03 HRN:108; SNS:331
hu-SraV : well famed, famous ®"Su 1
daUS-Sravah : ///-famed®" Dus
w
Pahlavi ffl bqt:748
hu-SrOV: well-famed,
title of kings and
in-laws.
Persian ffl BQT:748,749
p
XOSrOW : (well famed) king, ruler
XOSOr : father-in-law
XOSU : mother-in-law
Farrokhi
W
Pahlavi 03 SNS:331
du-SraV : /// famed, /nfamous®" Dus
W
Avestan ffl pok:605
sraothra, sraosha:ear,
one who listens and
follows
Pahlavi ffl bqt:1132
Sr6sh:one who
obeys (God)
Persian ffl bqt
SOrUSrl : one of God's angels j-^g ^
J^.'P" $ "^-M e-4-^ ^-^J
Hafez J^^ Jitw J C-aP*j C>y\fl
^
Old Slavic
03 KLN:1456
SIOVO : word
Sloveninu : siav
Middle Greek 03 kln:1456
slabnOVUS : Slav, also slaves taken from the Slav.
W
Middle Latin
slaVOUS : Slav,
slave
► French
Persian 03 mon
{$yL»y yi.*,c 'y*"" t^ * $*"*
English
Slav, Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia, slave
Germanic 03 ahd
hllisinon : to listen
hliidaz : loud
English
listen, loud
Latin 03 ahd
Cluere : to be named
240
English
client
Kleu 2 Klis
W
Indo-European 03 pok:604
~X
Kleu 2, Klau
hook, peg used to lock doors
Greek 03 ahd
kleiein : to close
kleidos, kleiss:tey
Persian 03 BQT:1687; FVQ:268; ARK:236
kelld : key
jJS"
Wl
Aramaic
Arabic 03 FVQ:267
eqlld : key
meqlad, maqalid
FVF:35 claims "eqlfd" is from Persian "kelfdikey".
Persian 03 mon:4283
meqlad : key iXjla
JwJULa
w
L
Germanic 03 ahd
hluta : portion obtained
English
lot, lottery, lotto
Latin 03 ahd
Claudere : to lock up, close
^
English
close, closet, clause
include, exclude, conclude
W
Indo-European 03 IEC:1637
~X
KMS:
Old Iranian 03 ffd:60
SflS, SfaiS : a plant and its resin that was used for making glue.
^
W
Avestan
03 BQT:1136; FFD:60
SflS : to join, attach, glue
Pahlavi
03 FFD:60
Persian
03 BQT:1136; FFD:60; MON:1867,1880; IEC:1637
Sens : glue
( pi^ , ^j* ) jfy*
Avestan
03 HRN:162; HUB:75
SfaeS : mixture, nature
^ I Sanskrit 03 bqt:1134; iec:1
^
Slisyami: adhere
Cfl : bind, mix
Persian 03 BQT:1124; HRN:162
Serest : nature
serestan : to mix
241
Klou-ni Kork
Indo-European 03 pok:607
KlOU-ni : buttock, rump
~~\
W
Avestan
03 POK:607
sraoni : buttock
Pahlavi
03 HRN:162
saruk : buttock
Persian 03bqt:1134
SOrun : buttock
Ferdowsf
< Oir" > O^r*
X»l )JJI i
njjjji j,
I oj^j3^>
Old Persian 03 pok:6
Slaunis : buttock
Latin 03 pok:607
Clunis : buttock
Kmtom
Ko1
Ko2
Koi
Koi-to
Koksa
Kolema
see root: Dekm
see root: Ak
see root: Ki 2
see root: Ak
see root: Kei4
see root : Kenk 1
see root: Kolemos
Indo-European 03 pok:612
~X
KolemOS, Kolema -.grass, reed, cane
W
Greek 03 pok:612
kalamOS : a reed (used as a pen)
Arabic
03 TAD:57
qalam:f
Persian 03 mon:2715
qalam : pen, item
-*" ir - )*;
5 )jjl ,*_L3 ^y>-
ilSJj ^y>- ^ ^ -Lot JL&£ <o ^^>
W
L
Latin 03ahd:201
Calamus : reed, c
French 03 ahd
caramel : burnt c
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:612
kalama:
Persian 03 mon:2796
karamel : caramel
w
English 03 ahd
caramel
Kongar
Kork
see root: Karl
see root: Kerk
242
Korka Kormo
W
Indo-European ffl pok:615
KOTKcl : gravel
^\
Sanskrit 03 pok:615
Sarkarah : gravel, i
I,
• •Pali
sakkara : s
Persian 03 bqt:1279
sekar:s
jX^
I,
(•Arabic 03 pla:163
sukkar
I,
4-Middle Latin
03 AHD:1287
succarum
French
Persian UJ mon:1802
sakaroz
JJ
)0 w
English 03 kln:1539
sugar, sucrose
W-Greek
03 KLN:1370
sakkaron
Latin
saccharon
English 03ahd:1140
saccharin, saccharose
w
French B3vop:208
saccharine : sugar,
sweet bread
Persian B3vop:208
SaxarTn : a type of (tjj&yi) ^jU-U
sweet bread
MON:1945 derives "soxan" from
Russian "suxar: sweet bread"
W
^
Greek 03 kln:324
kroke : pebbles
krokodilos : pebble worm
Latin
crocodillus
English
crocodile
Indo-European 03 pok:615
A
lAOriTIO : pain, suffering
<+
w
^
Avestan
03 POK:615
fsarema : c
Persian UJ HRN:172; BQT:1264
Sarm : shame
fr 5
Hafez ijj jlxa jj J^fAi (JjjAj «JJjOj^ _ Jjjj Jji *iXJL> alS_i»0 <0 Oj_9
Germanic 03 ahd
harmaz : pain
English
harm
243
Koro koruos
^
Indo-European ffl POK:615; IEC:536
IaOTO : war, army, a large crowd
KOTOS : fighting, bullying, arrogance
Old Persian ffl POK:615; KNT:175
kar 2, Kara 2 : war, army, people
U-kara : good army ^Su 1
W
Germanic 03 ahd
harjaz, hari : army
harjon : to raid
harja-yyaldaZ: army commander
harja-bergaz : army h/7/®" Bherg
^ I Indo-European 03 IEC:538
koruos :
^
Germanic 03 IEC:538
if
hare, harwer, herwes : bitter
^\
h
Persian LLI BQT:1575; HRN:237; MON:2957
'
kar- : a prefix meaning war, army
<jij>
> r /
kar-dar : operations chief^DUev 1
»
kar-Van : army, caravan
M
k0l"-na : army horn^ Nedo
u;
kalenjar : fight
< ji*itf >
jt^Jo
w
French 03 kln:238
English
caravan, van
English
Oliver, Herbert, Herman, Walter.
Harry
Harold
harbor
Persian UJ IEC:538
Karb : sorrow
MON:2932 claims this is derived from Arabic
v/
Italian 03 IEC:538
garbo : bitter
Kor-ona
Koros
koruos
see root: Sker 1
see root: Koro
see root: Koro
244
Kost Krei
^
Indo-European 03 pok:616; ahd:1524
~X
IaOSI : bone, rib, side of anything
AHD claims that this may be related to the root "Ostbone".
Pahlavi
03 BQT:1643; AEF:261
kost : side
uparo-kusta-pama :
protection for the sides
^UpoS Pa
Persian UJ BQT:261, 1643, 1649
kostT : side, also a belt Sj)
kosti : belt, wrestling (by grabbing the opponent's belt) -*»&
bargOStOVan : armor (worn to protect the sides) \\ £„£ j
"^^ j^3 3 •f^ > y ji^ (--jfclj _ Jw <Ui> Jw» j <0 J^3 Oul J*)}
w
Latin 03ahd
COSta : rib, side
French 03 ahd:327
COtelette : cutlet (originally from rib meat)
Persian
kotlet:
G*W
English
cutlet
V k
^
English
coast
Kot
Kou
see root: Ket
see root: Keu 3
Sanskrit 03 BQT:724; MON:1406; HRN:104
~x
Kram, Kramati
: to walk, to step
v*
Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:50
Xram : to step, walk
w
^
Pahlavi 03 ffd:50
a-Xram : to walk flauntily
Persian UJ MON:1406; FFD:50; BQT:724
XaramTdan : to walk flauntily (aUI J> <f I J>) l}i*J\ J>
Sa'dt jS ja^aj <CjjU cJ^ _ J$ Cpu ^ J*\J*X*%
Kramati
Kred
see root: Kram
see root : Kerd 1
Indo-European 03 pok:618
A
Krei
shine, glow, beauty
^-*> I Avestan ffl POK:618; KLN:371
^
sn, srayan ■. beauty
SrTra : beautiful
Sra-yah : more beautiful, better^" Yah 5
Sra-esta : most beautiful, best^ Ista
245
Krep | Krk
Krep
Krep-ed-tro
see root: Kwer
see root: Kwer
W
^
Indo-European 03 pok:621; kln:252
A
Kreu, Qreu, Qreus, Qruwes, Qrus-. to be icy,
also anything solid, coagulated blood, bloody
Greek 03 kln:252
CaSOS : ice
kaU-CaSOS : shining
withice^'Ku 1
(mountains)
Latin 03 kln:252
Caucasus : a very
mountainous area
between Caspian
and Black seas.
I Arabic
Persian 03 M0N5:1474
qafqaz : Caucasia \\m$
English 03 kln:252
Caucasian
Greek
03 KLN:252,380
CrOS : frost
crystacus : /<
Latin
crystallum : ice,
gloss
French
crystal
L
Persian
kristal
crystal Jt~J/
English 03 kln:380
crystal
English
cryogenic
Avestan 03 POK:621; KLN:377
Xm, Xrum : bloody flesh
Xriira : bloody, cruel
Xriima, Xriita, XrUS : dreadful
XrCizdra : heart
Sogdian 03 S0D:432
Xrwm : earth, soil
Persian 03 IEC:562; MON:3040
kollJX : dried pieces of mud
Sa'dr JU«SJj c^'-^H ') ^3^" j— ^ - f^ )'-^' rjw wt^y y%
i^
Greek 03ahd
kreas : flesh
pan-kreas : an flesh
French
pancreas
Persian UJvop:108
pankras:;
a*'j%
^
English
pancreas
V*
^
Latin 03 kln:378
CrUSta : hardened by freezing
CnjduS : bloody, raw
English
crust
crude
Krk
see root: Kerk
24!
K.r.v K's
Arabic 03 fva:350
~X
w\. T.V : a ball, sphere
W
Arabic 03 fva:350
koreh : sphere,
planet, ball
Persian 03 fva:350
koreh : sphere, planet, ball ( ol $ ) $
W
Arabic 03 FSD:1312; PLA:85; AFM:39
jamah : a round gk
lass or earthen vessel
Persian 03 mon:1226
jarreh :ji
"f.
W
^
French
03 PHN:217; AHD:701
Jarre -jar
English 03 FSD:1312; TYL:568
jar : vessel
Sogdian 03 SOD:186; SLW:99
K S : pig
~~\
v»
^
Persian 03 BQT:1563; SLW:99
kas 2 : pig
Ezzeddfn Tabasf
-Lot ji j^S jB'j 'j\ OJU <0 y jJ6 - rb < r J^ oXj&j} k*> ^l J»&> jJj\
247
Ksei 1 Ksei 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:626; kln:272
~X
Ksei 1, Qsei
to be able to, to qualify, to rule
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:626; knt:181; SPG:215
XSay, XSi 2 : to rule, to qualify
XSaca : king, ruler
XSa-thra, XSathra : "having a king", kingdom
"-thra, -tra" are Avestan suffixes meaning "having, owner of.
W
V
Pahlavi
03 BQT:626; HRN:177; HUB:83
Sah : king
Ser : lion
Satf : kingdom, town
Persian 03 pok:626
BQT:648
ZMA:25
Sah : king
«Us
Sir 2 : lion
Sahl": town city
7**
CaK : a promissory note
check
LAS*
Ferdowsf
f'j+i'M
-^»
•^J tA-Si
u JlJL*_& j
Wl
Arabic 03 kln:272
^
-( [•French "
English 03 KLN:272,946
check, chess,
checkmate ®"M.v.t
Avestan 03 HRN:100,177; KLN:1110,1386; BQT:1316
arta-xsatra -.just king cr Ar
paiti-XSatra : protecting king^ Pa
XSathra-Vairya : choice kingdom^ Wei 1
xsathra-dara:hp«srofd^
XSatra-pavan: protector of k/ngdom^*" Pa
Persian 03 bqt; etm:67
ardesTr : the just king
padesah : protecting king
V
SahrTvar : desired kingdom
Sahrdar: mayor ( j[>j&&
Greek 03 etm:67
satrapes : £
French 03 etm:67
satrape : §
Persian 03 etm:67
satrap : £
v'y
J>Lw
w
Avestan 03 ahd:1480
XSaya-arsan : king of men 1 * Eres 1
Persian 03 bqt; zfS:52
Xasayar : "king of men"
JV.
i>lii>
Greek D3ahd:1400
XerexeS : a king of Persia who Invaded Greece 480 BC
English 03 ahd
Xerexes
W
Pahlavi 03 HRN:171; FFD:62
SayTtan : to be able to, deserve
Persian 03 bqt:1237
Sayestan : to deserve, qualify •jSojUi
W
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:26,28
XS y : to rule
XSae-Wan : title of some kings
Persian 03 S0D:26,28
af Sin : title of some kings, a male name
(/T^
ii\
24S
Ksei 2 | Ksengio
W
Indo-European 03 wld1:501; brt:541
Ksei 2: bright
^\
Avestan 03 WLD1:501; BQT:788,1320
xsae-ta, xsoithmi : bright
hvare-XSaeta : bright sun ®"Saw8l
yima-XSaetem : brilliant king^Yem
raoc-xsaena, raoxsna : bright tight
^Lsuk
drafsa : (bright) banner
h
Persian 03 BQT:756; MON:1425
'
Sid : bright ( e±Ji ) ±Ji
XOfSld : brilliant sun ( XJSjla ) X*Ji ja>
JamSICl : "brilliant king", a male name Xji^?-
draxsidan : to shine ( JSj , ^iJ^-j ) ^±J&j}
rowsan: bright <J^3J)&*}J
drafsidan : to shine ( ^ Ji$p ) ^xJup
jii^j ^j I; iy> ^j— * 3 *^ 0^*^
Fsrdowst ' ^.P D^J-* 3 L^**" D^J-*
w
Avestan
03 WLD1:501; BQT:1320; SYN:1053
a-XSae-na : not bright,
a dark color, green ^^Ne 1
W
^
Sogdian 03 SQP:27
axs'ynh:^
Persian 03 BQT:756; MON:1425; FRS:89
Xasan : dark blue
XasTsar : a blue bird with white head
Ferdowsf
Indo-European ffl pok:626
Ksei 3: to settle
^\
Avestan 03 pok:626
Saeiti, Shiti://wngp/acs
SOithra : land
Greek 03 POK:626; AHD:45
ktizein : to found, establish
amphi-ktUOneSS : established around each other'^' Ambhi
English 03 KLN:65; ahd
amphictyony : confederation
of states in ancient Greece
Ksengio
see root: Ghengh
245
Ksero Kseud
W
Indo-European 03 pok:625
Ksero : dry
^\
Greek
03 POK:625; AHD:424
XerOS : dry powder,
medicine
Arabic 03 ahd:424
al-iksir: e/ix/r®" AI3
Persian 03 mon:331
eksir :
'jyj> J J*s»U> XiU ?lJ> t»j*> < r SB V>
Hafez .LULwO j-ww I <0 JU>- £j\ ji jbl)
^ I French 03 dev:1
English 03 kln:509
elixir
V*
English 03 kln:1757
Xer-, XerO- : dry
Xeroderma : roughness of the skin
V*
Latin 03 kln:1422
SerenUS : clear, calm sky
English
serene, serenity
W
^
French
Serenade : music played at night
English
serenade
Indo-European 03 pok:625
~X
Kseubh:
to shake, rock, disturb
W
Avestan 03 POK:625; FFD:26
XSaob, XSUfsan : disturbance
XSaub : to shake
S-XSUf-ta : disturbed
a-XSaub-a : disturbance
Pahlavi
03lSS:11
asup
asuptak
^
► —
Persian
03 POK:625; BQT:45; MON:2988; FFD:26
as U b : disturbance \^t oju \
aSOftan : to be disturbed (Cjji I ) yi& I
kasoftan, kasaftan:tot*s(ur(j ■£>}$
VTs-o-Ramtn <CiS-i (Jjj j-O fljlj Si
Indo-European 03 pok:625; wld1:502
~X
Kseud, Qseud:
water, to clean by stamping in water
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:625; WLD1:502
xsaod, xsaud:f/ow
XSLldra : water, liquid, semen
XSaudra : male, husband
XSVld : milk
SVestaS : butter
h
Persian ffl HRN:172,177; BQT:1267,1312; FFD:63
'
SOStan : to clean, wash 'JLju
SUy : husband ( ^>y&bj t y& t Jbpk ) L5y^
250
KsTp | Ksiptom
^
Indo-European 03 IEC:573
~X
IaSIP, IaSIPII : strike, weapon, spike
Ksiptom, Ksiptis: stiii i-,ii»i:d
Avestan / Old Persian 03 hrn:178, ffd:65
XSip, XSWaip, XSWaif : movement, strike
XSVaepa : back, behind, slope
Pahlavi
03 HRN:178
Sip:s
Persian UJ BQT:1318; MON:2101
Sib:
y ..!:,
Avestan 03 BQT:2147; HRN:231
ni-XSVaepa : down slope-® Hi 1
h
Persian ffl bqt:2147
'
naSID : down slope, low land u-wJi3
Pahlavi 03 ffd:65
Stb : to be disturbed
Seb : whip
Persian 03 FFD:65; MON:2101
Stftan : to be agitated
sTbTdan : to be disturbed
(4*JU*3 ) •Jejuni
l-mUj y*%% jU— **-») j4— ° )' <0 - *— — "w*U 'y& j 5 $ O jl j5 1 l^Avj
v k
Sogdian 03 S0D:439
XWSyp : whip
Sanskrit 03 IEC:573
ksiptam : wound
W
L
^
Greek 03 IEC:573
ksiphos : thrusting sword
Latin 03 IEC:573
SipillUS: razor
Persian 03 mon:2101
stb : whip
KsTph
Ksiptis
Ksiptom
see root: KsTp
see root: KsTp
see root: KsTp
251
KsTro Ksudros
W
Indo-European 03wld1:503
KsTrO : milk
^\
Avestan
03 AHD:1175; HRN:178; SOD:29
xsira, xsvipata : milk
apa-xsira : m«k
Persian 03
SYN:385;
BQT:1322;
HRN:178;
MON:2108,5187
ETM:69
Sir 1 : milk
Sir-O-Sekar : milk and
ham-sireh : sister
Molavf
sugar, a kind of silk fabric $*&*} yjb
Wl
Hindustani
^
L
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:29,82
'xsy'bt: milk
Sanskrit 03 WLD1:503; SYN:385
ksira : milk
English 03 AHD:1175; KLN:1411
Seersucker : a cotton fabric
with a striped pattern
Indo-European 03 IEC:576,1060
~X
Ksudros, Qusudros:
coarse, granular, crushed in small pieces
Avestan
03 BQT:729; IEC:576,1060
XSUdram : seed
xvareta : small
Sanskrit 03 IEC:576
ksudrah : small
Armenian 03 IEC:576
XOrd : small
Pahlavi 03 bqt
kvart : small
Persian 03 BQT:729; IEC:576,1060
XOrd : small
( JLOji> < «iji> ) }j?
j^jjjD'jj^Dj
Lt>4
^lysC—wl
is"
Sa'dr ;> $ j\^s. jiSU>- <6 c-3yo ^u> J»Z J*
252
Ku 1 Ku 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:595
KU 1, KiU 5: to torn
~x
Greek 03 POK:595; WLD1:376; KLN:223
Kalo : to burn, firewood
kalo-podein : wooden foot, mold^ Pad
W
Pahlavi ffl bqt:1095
kal-pad : fabrication mold, shape, body
IEC:1049,1051 derives this word from
Avestan "kehrp: flesh", from Indo-European
root "Kwrp, Kwerp: shape, form body".
Persian
ffl MON:2858;
IEC:1047
kala : manufactured good
merchandise
%
(J}Xw> <W»^£ j\j$ jJ> 2ilS ^>
Assar
(JJjJj (Jjll J>\ u
oW
References not clear on the
exact path of derivation
v k
Persian 03 BQT:1075; MON:2859
kaleb : mold, body
JK
kalbod : body
jJlS"
Nezamt ei*J ,_JB ^J (J L_w.
j? yj* ?lJ>
- ^ V-^ &) .P ^ y &) 3 y &)
w
Arabic 03 KLN:223; PLA:215
qalib : mold
q . I . D : to make, turn around
Persian
03 MON:2621; FVA:337
qaleb:
void
JlS
>— JjiXo
< yX&l
, lJJ
yXii,
i_-iS i
_j jjjt=
w
Italian 03 kln:223
CalibrO : mold, size
French
Persian 03 mon:2621
English
caliber
W
Greek 03 kln:252
KaU : burning, shining
kau-casos :
(mountains) shining
with ice Kreu
Latin
Caucasus : a very
mountainous area
between Caspian
and Black seas
Arabic
Persian 03 M0N5:1474
qafqaz : Caucasia
J
w
English 03 kln:252
Caucasian
W
^
Greek 03 KLN:253; POK:595
kauma : burning heat
holo-kaUStOS : burnt whole cr So\
Latin 03 ahd:191,629
Cauma : heat of the day, resting period
holocaUStum : burnt whole
English
calm
holocaust
253
Ku 2 Kuei
Indo-European ffl pok:626
KG 2: spike
w
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:626
SU-ka : needle
Latin 03 pok:626
CUneUS : wedge
~~\
h
Persian 03 BQT:1187; HRN:167
'
SUZan:neec//e
SLJk : needle-like growth at the tip of wheat
O &*U
Oy*J
English
cuneiform, coin
Ku3
see root: Skeu 2
Indo-European 03 IEC:1021
Kuatos, Quatos, Quatis :
W
Sanskrit 03 hrn:186
Kaca : straw
^
(•Pahlavi 03 hrn:186
^
kah : straw
kah-mpati : amber^Leup
Persian 03 BQT:1583; IEC:1021
kah : straw \ e\$
kahroba : amber ( (jj£ ) I; Jb(£
Kub
Kue
see root : Geu 1
see root: Kwe
^
Indo-European 03 POK:629
Kuei, Kweit : white, shining
Sanskrit
03 POK:629
CVitra : white
SVeta : white
Old Persian 03 bqt:1092
Sipithra : white, bright sky
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1092
spihr: sky
V
Avestan 03 pok:629
Spaeta : white
Spiti-doithra : bright
w
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:64
'sp'yt: wh«B
Germanic 03 ahd
hwitaz : white
hwaitjaz : wheat
Persian UJ bqt:1092
Sepehr: sky, fate
( ^^l ) j^
Hafez 01-wjO jul>l (-~w> y> t JJJO y O
See "Spher" for another possible root
Persian UJ hrn:157
SepTd : white ( jJl« , i±~*» ) 1~»»
English 03 ahd
white, wheat
254
Kulanja | Kung
Sanskrit 03 SIN:545
~X
KUlSnjcl : a plant (alpina
v*
Persian 03 MON:1437; SIN:545
Xalanj, Xalang : galingale
OJJ^> i PM&-
Arabic 03pla:112
xalanj, xalanjan
Middle Latin
03 KLN:635
galinga
^
English 03 SIN:545; AHD:539; KLN:635
galingale
AHD:539 & KLN:635 derive it from Chinese
"KaO-Liang Caing: ginger from Kao-Liang".
SIN:545 calls this a translation error.
Kumb
see root : Geu 1
Indo-European 03 IEC:588,589
~X
Kund, Kundos
: blunt, stout, stocky, rough
h
Persian ffl IEC:588
'
kond 1, blunt, dull, not sharp ^ jj£
kondT : dullness ' {JxS
Sa'dr $& SXJ> j-^>l) {5)y <Vy <0 _ Jlu ' «U$ ' (yjy&S j*JuJ* <0
Sanskrit 03 IEC:588,589
kunthah : aunt, strong,
hero
Armenian 03 IEC:588
kunt, kund : stocky
h
Persian UJ mon:3088
'
kond 2 : a strong fighter, hero
T jJkS"
kondT 2 : courage
( Ijj£ Jjjj" ) p * (JjjS'
kondavar : fighter
j^lJJj i J^'JJw
FerdowsT ^l jjW &) ^^> 3 f l^> ^> .
.^Ij^iJJo 3 6 J 3™^ (Ir
Kundos
see root: Kund
Indo-European 03 IEC:588,1635
~X
Kung, Kunki, Kungios: ,
h
Persian ffl IEC:588,1635
'
konj : corner, hunchback
konj-kav : "digging into corners", curious
Sanaf J$ J\l njS w j\^ ^ — ^5 Ulv!
?l0
►
Sanskrit ffl IEC:1635
kunce : bend
Armenian 03 I EC: 1635
kncim : knot, twist
Dutch 03 I EC: 1635
konk
English 03 IEC:1635
hunch, hunch-back
KLN:750 claims it could be a deformation of "hump"
255
Kungios | Kupriti
Kungios
Kunki
Kunos
see root: Kung
see root: Kung
see root: Keu 2
Indo-European 03 pok:627
KUP 1, SUP 2 -.shoulder
V*
Avestan
03 POK:627
SUpti : shoulder
^
Persian UJ SYN:236; POK:627; BQT:1143; HRN:163
Soft : shoulder
Ferdowsf JJj (^u 4jic» ^)g^> <CJ-3 tj^j-^ - -U»*w 'wOvilA j^wm^^/j 0i-Ju> {j\ y> t
W I Sanskrit 03 pok:596; :
Indo-European 03 pok:596
~X
KDp 2, Kwep : to smoke, cook,
also move violently, be agitated
kapi : incense, smoke (color)
kapila : brownish / reddish color
Kapi : brownish animal, monkey
POK indicates that "kapi" is not verified.
Pahlavi
ffl HRN:87; SIN:581
kapik: monkey
Persian
ffl BQT:1593; FSF:268; HUB:87
kapi : monkey J^5 i **$
Old Persian 03 pok:597
kupsins : mists
Latin 03 POK:596; AHD:1524
Vapor : steam
English 03 ahd
vapor, evaporate
Latin 03ahd:1524
CUpere : desire
English
Cupid
Akkadian 03akd:60
~X
Kupriti -.sulfur
W
^
Aramaic 03 akd:60
gubrita, kubrita : sulfur
Arabic
03 AKD:60; BQT:1588
kibrit -.sulfur, match
Persian 03 BQT:1588; MON:2887
kebrit : sulfur, match
"1.JT
2b i
Kur Kur-wo
Indo-European 03 POK:524; IEC:591,1046
Kur, Quoros : da* w/nd
IacII '.prison
~~\
Avestan 03 IEC:1046
kaurVO : black
Pahlavi 03mon:3118
k6r : blind
Sanskrit 03 POK:524; IEC:1046
kara : r
Persian UJ MON:3118; IEC:1046
kur:Mnd
Greek ffl i EC: 1046
pOfOS : dark, blind
Kur
Kurb
Kurkana
see root: Ker5
see root: Gurb
see root: Kurkanu
Akkadian 03 akd:57
~X
Kurkanu, Kurkana:
W
Aramaic
03 KLN:375; AKD:57
kurkema
Arabic 03 akd:57
korkom
I
h
Persian ffl bqt:1624
'
korkom : Indian saffron S S
^
Late Latin 03 KLN:385; PHN:133
CUrCUm : saffron
English 03ahd:323
Akkadian 03 akd:51
A
Kurkizannu:
W
Syriac
03 AKD:51
karkedana
Arabic
03 AKD:51
karkadan
^
Persian 03 BQT:1622; FSF:270
karg, kargadan: rhinoceros &■&$ < ^S
Kuros
Kur-wo
see root: Keu 2
see root: Sker 1
257
Kut Kwe
Indo-European 03 IEC:594
KUl: small, short
W
Avestan 03 HUB:89; HRN:194; IEC:594
ku, kva, kutaka:sma//
kvataka, kautaka : child
^
~X
Persian 03 BQT:1721; IEC:594
kiitah : short
kudak : child
klJCak : small
Kut-no
Kuur
Ku-z-dho
Kwal
Kwalo
Kwalos
see root: Skeu 2
see root: Keu 2
see root: Skeu 2
see root: Skwalo
see root: Skwalo
see root: Skwalo
Indo-European 03 pok:635
Kwe, Qwe, Kue, Que, Kwi 2-. and
Avestan 03 POK:635; KLN:1425
Ca, Ca : and
cis-Ca 1 : any, whatever
cit 1
Old Persian 03 pok:635
Ca, Ca : and
ciy 1
A
Latin 03 pok:635
que: and
Semi-Sque : one half more
English 03 kln:1425
SesqUI- -.half more
sesqui centennial
25£
Kwei 1 Kwei 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:637
~X
Kwei 1, Qwei, Qwi
to pay back, revenge, punish
Avestan
03 POK:637; SYN:826,1447
Kay 1 : be punished
kaena : punishment
katha : revenge
Citha : penalty
ClSti : sorrow
Persian 03 POK:637; KLN:1759
kin : hostility, revenge ( A^J ) >^J
W
^
Sogdian 03 SOD:203
kyn, kynh : vengeance, hatred
Greek 03 kln:1447
pome : penalty
English 03 ahd
punish, penalty, pain
W
Indo-European 03 pok:637
A
Kwei 2, Kwoi
to pile up, build, make
Avestan 03 POK:637,638
kay 2, kaes, Cay, CI 1 : to select, prepare
Cayeiti, Cinyaiti ;. selects, sorts
pairi-Cayeti : set around®" Par 1
ham-ci, ham-Cay : to put togefher®"Sem 1
Vi-Cay, Vi-kay : to choose apart, sefecf®"wi
Persian
03 POK:637; BQT:167,380,676; HRN:204; AEF:152,582
^O^v ^"^?
Cldan : to put in order, arrange, cut
parcTn : fence y^ j
anjldan : to cut up in pieces, pierce C\X*2o\
gozidan : choose ( ^JjjJ^j ) ^ ^Jjj?
Labtbt Jjl sXwfXi) ijjj>- J OU>- ^jl jj
HUB:18 does not agree that
"cTdan" and "anjTdan" are related.
W
Avestan
03 HRN:90; FFD:47
taug, taUX: to pay
Pahlavi
03 HRN:90; FFD:47
toxtan : (o r
Persian UJ HRN:90; FFD:47
tozidan : to pay (jy> tx£ , jyi , jvij-y) 0-4jy
Ferdowst jbiLj L»j J>jIa_) \j «J_)
Old Persian 03 knt:209
S3 1 : to build, pile up
fra-Sa : build, erect
Avestan 03 knt:209
Spa 2 : throw away
Pahlavi 03 knt:209
pan-Sp : wall (built around) ^* Per 1
Avestan 03 pok:637
kaes : make
fra-kaes, Vi-kaes : to prepare, arrange
Greek 03 ahd
poiein : to create
English
poem, poet
255
Kweit Kwel
Kweit
see root.
Kuei
Indo-European 03 pok:638
Kwek, Qwek:
to appear, see, show
^ I Avestan 03 POK:638; KLN:42; SYN:1436
kas, CaS, CaS : to behold, see, taste
Casman : eyes
a-Kasat : he saw, is informed
ni-kasa:/ook®"Nti
Vi-kas, Vi-kaya, Vi-Ci : see apart, distinguish^
Persian UJ BQT:52,638,1849,2163; HRN:210
Casm : eye
agah : aware
negah : look
gOVah : witness
Pahlavi 03 ISS:98
CaSISn : taste
CaSltan : to taste
^
Persian UJ ISS:98
CasTdan : to taste ( Jjil» , JjJ^ ) V*?
Cast : morning meal C-Jul?-
Indo-European 03 pok:640
~X
Kwel, Qweh
to move around, dwell
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:640; BQT:629; SYN:725,905
caxra, cakra, caxra : wheel
h
Persian
'
CarX : wheel m j>.
Avestan 03 BQT:635; DRM; FFD:73
Car, Car : to move around, graze
wi-Car: to do ®"wi
W
Pahlavi
Car : to graze
Va-Car : place to
get together,
bazaar ^^ Aba
wizardan : to dc
, translate
Persian 03 MON:1268; BQT:614; FFD:73
0-4>?
CarTdan : to graze
Zar 2 : place of, home of r ) -
bazar : "place of assembly", bazaar ( AO ) JU ) }l JU
j\yi* ,j\^ ,j\^ja ,j\jJ6 ,j\-jS
gOZardan : to do, (rans/ate iPj'i^
^►1 Turkish 03ahd
\ —
^ I Italian
English 03 ahd
bazaar
Sanskrit 03 pok:639
cal:
Sogdian 03 S0D:131
h
Persian 03 bqt:639
'
CalTdan : to walk proudly
< o-y^ ) o-^
Calak : quick, fast
jt%
CaleS : struggle, quarrel
A
Nszamt ^|ji j*« lj JUJ J>U ajji
- o'j^% '-^-* b'J> jyj
Avestan
03 POK:639; SOD:203
kar 2, karsa : to plow
karaya : to sow
Pahlavi
03 SNS:220
kistan : to plow,
sow, plant
Persian 03 BQT:1567; HRN:185
kastan : to plant ())j\j£ , C*£$ , 'fj6 ) •jl&lS'
karidan 1 : to plant ( r X ) ^ ^jjji
260
Kwel Kwen 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:640
Kwel, Qwel : to, more around, dive//
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03 ahd
ku-klos : wheel
teloS : end of a cycle, far away
telesma : mystery
Arabic
Persian 03 mon:2232
telesm : mystery, spell
jl^rfj^jft
Wl
v»
French
Persian 03 mon
English
cycle, cylinder, encyclopedia
tele-, teletype, telescope, television, telegraph
Russian 03 syn:724; ahd
koleSO : wheel
kaljaska : carriage
Persian 03 mon:2861
kaleskeh:c
<6*J*6
German 03 ahd
hwe-hula : wheel
English
wheel
^
Latin 03 ahd
COl-ere : to inhabit
COl-lum : neck
English
colony, culture, clown
collar
W
Indo-European 03 pok:630
Kweil 1 : holy
^\
Avestan
03 KLN:746; SYN:1476; HRN:210; BQT:121,210
Spenta : holy, also an herb
SpentO-datO : holy creation^" D6 2
gaO-Spenta : holy domestic animal, sheep
®"Gwou
Persian
esfand : an aromatic plant
EsfandTyar : "n<
gCisfand : sheep
EsfandTyar : "holy creation", a name jUjjJu*!
JiijL«a}
" w
w
^
Greek 03 kln:7
apsinthion : an herb
Arabic 03 tad:4
afsantin
h
Persian ffl mon:316
'
afsantTn : an herb *wJU*JI
Germanic 03 ahd; kln:746
hun-slam :no/y
English
housel
communion
261
Kwen 2 Kwer
Indo-European 03 pok:640
KWGn 2 : sip, swallow
W
W
^
Old Iranian 03 ah m : 1 84
Cam : to sip, drink
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:640
camati, camati: to j
~X
Persian 03 POK:640; AHM:184
CamTdan 2 : to sip, drink (obsolete)
v r^ ) 0"^?*?
Persian 03 pok:640
kam 2 : palate V fllS"
Kwep
see root: Kup2
^,
Indo-European 03 pok:641
Kwer, Qwer: to make, form
(f-Avestan / Old Persian
03 NYB:157; HRN:80; ZAW:38; SYN:628
kar 1 , kara 1 : to work
paiti-kara : wo* aga/nsf, f/gfrf ^ Par 3
paiti-kara : form against (like) something^ Per 3
Wi-kar:tod/gesf®"wi
t^
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
►
Persian 03 BQT:1549,1617,1779
karidan 2 -.to do fl JS , ^iS ) ^ ^XiJS
gar 2 : a suff/x meaning worker ' J
/jj'/ 8 j/'r^*'
kahr-man : wise at work, hero ?Afl ^ *i")U* *&5
w
Persian 03 DM0:115; MON:2057,3426; FFD:68,75
paykar : fight
paykar : body, statue
sekar : hunt
govardan : digest
Avestan / Old Persian
03 HRN:201;ZAW:38
kfta : creation, city
yazato-karteta : God's
W
h
Persian ffl BQT:1787,2432; DM0:115
'
-Vard, -gard, -jerd : town, installations £c> - i^S - i 2j3 _
*> jXmO * *> J*>>***> &** 1 * ""j^SA * *^jy*}'
Yazdgerd : "God's creation", a male name^Yag Ji J Ji Vj
Lajvard : "ftome of Turkish Laj(in) tribe" 1 ^ La\\n Jlja^/
Avestan
03 BQT:173; ZAW:38,242; HRN:28,232; HUB:39
han-kar : to do (consider) all, imagine^" Sam 1
han-kareyemi. han-keretha:cpnsirf8r
hasa-kerta : one who pays attention
and follows, a student Sekw
pairi-kara : go (draivj around,
a compass Pev 1
^
Persian ffl BQT:173,2157,2164; ZAW:38,242
engardan : imagine ( fa\ t ^J&\ ) ^pj&l
Sagerd : student, follower } S\j>
pargar : compass, necklace, fortune »\$ .j
Ferdowsf
la )(JlO *.
HUB:39 is not sure about the derivation of "pargar"
262
Kwer Kwermi
W
Indo-European 03 pok:641
Kwer, Qwer: to make, form
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 pok:641
Cara: to mediate
Vi-Cir : to judge, judgment^ Wi
Persian 03 BQT:1778,1809,1814,2258; HRN:205,242
Careh : relief, solution
\/a£ar -.judgment
gOZIf : relief, remedy
<jij^) j>J
^ I Arabic
Persian UJ bqt:2279
VaZlf : judge, minister
MS
^
Sanskrit 03ahd
SamS-kfta : worked before, prepared
Persian UJ MON5:809
Sanskrit: Sanserif ( Cj£««3Li ) COjla^a
English
Sanskrit
W
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:32
kfty : work, manner
n -kftk : not done, uncoined
silver^ He 1
Persian 03 bqt:2157
noqreh : silver eSj
Compare with the etymology of Persian word "sfm: silver"
Indo-European 03 pok:620; kln:355
Krep : body
lAr©P"©Q"trO : body eaters, carnivorous creatures^^ Ed
W
W
Avestan 03 pok:620
kerefs : body
Xrafstra : carnivorous
creatures
Pahlavi 03 SNS:40
xrafstar : pests,
troublesome creatures
Persian 03 SNS:40; MON:1411,1419
xerafstar -.pest ( ji»> ) jLi^j
Latin 03ahd
COrpUS : form, body
French 03 AHD:300; KLN:355
COrS : body
Corset : little body, bra
Persian 03 mon
korset : bra
"J
^
^
English 03ahd:298
corpse, corporation, corset
Kwermi
see root: Wer2
263
Kwes Kwes
Indo-European ffl POK:631; CEL6:284
KWGS : to pant, to breathe fast
^\
Avestan 03 POK:631; SYN:260
SUSI, SUS : the lungs
Pahlavi 03 SNS:192
SUS : lung
h
Persian ffl HRN:173; BQT:1266
'
p
SOS : lung £J&
Persian 03 CEL6:284
hava:
V
Greek 03ahd
kustis : bladder, I
English
cyst
Latin 03ahd
queri : complain
English
quarrel
Old Norse 03 CEL6:286
hwosan : puff
264
Kwetwer Kwetwer
Indo-European 03 pok:642
~X
Kwetwer, Qwetwor -.tour
Avestan 03 pok:642
catwarao : four
Persian 03 pok:642
i>? < «->jW? < ^jW ' jW
Armenian 03 SNS:148
Catvar : one fourth
Persian 03 SNS:148
Katvar : one quarter of a kilogram (250 grams) ) v^"
MON:1273 claims this word has entered Persian through Russian.
Sanskrit 03 bqt:1254
Catur-anga : four members,
referring to the chess game ^^Ang
W
Pahlavi
catrang : chess
Persian
katrang : chess ( » Ji& , SiZJ> ) SifS
Najjar J\j jjj J*}\qJ £wl> ^ ^ -w ^ 3~^
^
Latin 03ahd:1068
quadrus : four
quadraginta : forty
French
h
Persian LLI mon
'
kadr : frame, framework 00
English 03 ahd
cadre, squad, square, quart, quarter
W
Italian 03ahd:1068
quadratina : forty, forty days of isolation
at the entry ports of a country enforced
upon people or products suspected of
carrying contagious diseases
Arabic 03 tad:62
karantina, qarantina : quarantin
W
Persian 03 mon:2666
qarantin : quarantine ( d,',,.,,^'* A ) » . U't A
English 03ahd:1068
quarantine
Germanic 03 ahd
petWOr : four
English
four, fourteen, forty
Greek 03ahd:1365
tra-peza : -four-it
table, trapezoid Ped
Arabic 03 mon:1481
dar-bezin : a seating area
between two doors of a room
Persian UJ mon:1481
darabzin : a seating area *j yl jO
► Latin 03 ahd \>-
^
English 03 ahd
trapezoid, trapeze
265
Kweye | K.w.n
Indo-European 03 kln:1740; pok:638
~X
Kweye, Qweye : quiet, comfortable
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:638; KLN:1740; KNT:210; ZFS:51
Sa 3, Sya 2 : to rest
ci-Sya : resting place, nest
Saiti 2, Syat\ : happiness, peace
Persian 03 HRN:6,169; BQT:46,1222
asiyaneh : nest < ^UsT ) 4>U;T
Sad : happy ( £,U>lfc , LSiUi ) iU&
See "Gwhen 1" for another possible root of "asfyan{eh)"
Latin 03ahd
quies : quiet
tranS-quillllS : calm
English
quiet, tranquil
Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1740
hwilo : resting period, a length of time
English
while
Kwi 1
Kwi2
see root: Kwo
see root: Kwe
W
Semitic ffl KLN:1433; SAP:716
K.w.n :
to be, to stand firm
Arabic ffl sap:1454
k.W.n : to become,
to be, to exist
h
Persian 03 MON; FVA:359; FSF:265
makan : place \\$j>
kaenat : beings, world Cj\iJ6 , Cj\ij6
takvTn : creation 'jSj
kon : short for Arabic phrase "kon fayakun" ( /\a3 q *J5D ) O
^y 3 u90 jl -Lot JjJj JUS ^
Ferdowst ^ H ji j| ^Uji) J \j>
w
Semitic ffl KLN:1433; AKD:30
S.K.n : to lay, set, deposit
V
^
Hebrew 03 kln:1433
Sekinah : standing calm,
dwelling place (of God)
I Arabic 03sap:716
► I Arabic 03 mon:1902
Persian 03 mon
Persian 03 mon:1902
SakTneh : "calm, peaceful"
a female name
kSa
w
w
Indo-European 03 POK:644,646; ahd
Kwo, Kwi 1
stem of interrogative and relative pronouns
Avestan 03 POK:644,648; BQT:1748; HRN:196
ko, ka 1 , ku 1 , ku-thra, ka-hya : who, which, where?
ka 3 : how?
kam 1 , kam-cit, katama : which?
kat : whether
ka-da, ka-tha : when? ®"ds 2
katara : which of the two? either
Avestan 03 POK:644,648; BQT:1748; HRN:196
C-, CU, C\2:how?
cis 2, Cis-Ca 2 : who?
CeC : whether
Clt : even, in any case
Caiti, cUvant: how many?
Ca-hya : who, which?
W
Old Persian 03 POK:644; SNS:86
ka 1 , kam 1 : if
kai-gi : what, how?
Ciy 2 : even, in any case
cis-ciy, kas-ciy : who?
aiva-ciy : nothing, none^
W
W
Germanic 03 pok:464; ahd
hwa, hwi : ?
hwatharaz
English
Kwo Kwoi
~X
Persian 03 bqt:672
ku : where?
4
koja : where?
\#
kodam : which?
Aj$
kay 1 : when?
V
\C\:who?
V
Persian 03
BQT:672
Ceh : what?
<ur?>^
CUn: how?
0^?
CIZ : thing
j«?
Cand : how many?
JJw>
If
Persian 03 BQT:1641; SNS:86
kaS : person
MIC : nothing, none
who, what, why, which, how, where, when
either, neither
^
Latin 03 ahd
qu-, quantis, qualis
English
quantity, quality
Kwoi
see root: Kwei 2
267
Kwon Kwon
W
Indo-European 03 POK:632; KLN:746; BQT:1155
Kwon, Ka 2, Sua : *, g
~x
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:632; kln:746
Spa 1, SUn6 :dog
Spaka : dog
w
Pahlavi 03 hrn:164
Sak : dog
Persian 03bqt:1155
Sag : dog
lX»"
Avestan 03 POK:632; FIB:207
Spada, Spatha : army
Spatha-paiti : army protector (leader)
®"psr3
Aspadana : city of the army (Isfahan)
I
► Persian 03 BQT:118,1087; HRN:155; POK:632
Sepah : army ( <U» ) oLo
1 1
Sepahbod : Lieutenant-general ( j J W4Lm« ) * • (1 • ■■'
Esfahan : Name of a city In central Iran huJLpt
Sogdian 03 S0D:94
sp'd, "spd:£
W
Old Persian 03 knt:210
spada :s
V
Old Persian 03 knt:209
Saka 2 : dog
Germanic 03 ahd
hundaz : dog
Latin 03 kln:746
CaniS : dog
insula Canaria : dog island, named after its large dogs
W
Spanish ffl kln:230
CanariO : from Canary Islands < a bird >
W
French
Canari : canary bird
I
^
English
hound
English
kennel
Canary Islands
Persian 03 mon:2730
qanari : canary (JlLS
English 03 ahd
canary
Kwri | Kyo
Indo-European 03 pok:648
Kwri, QwrLfotay
~X
Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:50
Xn : to buy
Sanskrit 03 POK:648; BQT:743
kri : to buy
Persian 03 POK:648; KLN:1241; SYN:817; BQT:743
XarTdan : to buy, accept
Abu-Sa'fd Abol-Khayr
Sogdian 03 S0D:167
Xr yn : to buy
Greek 03 kln:1241
priamUS : redeemed
English
Priam : king of Troy in Greek mythology
W
Indo-European 03 pok:649
~X
Kwsep : e
Avestan
03 POK:649; DRM2:161
XSap : night
XSafniy a : night meal
XSapan : nightly
w
^
Sogdian 03 SOD:29,432
XSp : night
XS m : evening
Persian 03 MON; BQT:1229,1239; HRN:169; SYN:992
Sab : night
U-w«
SabdTz : a "dark colored" horse ** Dsik
yijX***»
Sabestan : "place for holding the night", bed ^Sta
LJ
OJJ&w«
Si^.
>&&.j&&
Sam : dinner, night
< olxflUs ) Aa
Nezamt *»XjJj JO yj» j_jX*-3 (jy? <G - PJj}
3^
&js* j y &*£ ^
Kyo
see root: Ki 2
La Laid
L
Indo-European 03 IEC:659; pok:651
A
Lcl, LcllO : roar, bark, bellow
Persian LLI IEC:659; MON:3549
layidan : to express sorrow /\Xod
Molavr [qJ) A*J oJJj Jb- }*& iJisjS 4$ JiU _ [*->)!— jfl jl jJi jl i—wiw a *JL^)La
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 525
lollen : to lull
English 03 ahd
lull
Latin 03 ahd
lamentum : expression of sorrow
English 03 ahd
lament
^
Greek 03 ahd
lalein : to talk
lalos : talkative
English 03 ahd
glossolalia, echolalia
Akkadian 03 ahd:730
~X
Ladunu
: resin of a certain tree
^l
Arabic
Persian 03 KLN:855; MON:3523
ladan : lotus, its good smell \^j
W
^
Greek
03 BQT:1876; SKT:1286
ladon, lotos
Latin
03 AHD:771
lotus
English
lotus
Laid
see root: La
270
LajTn | Lakti
Turkish 03 M0N6:1773
~X
LajTn :
name of a Turkish tribe
v.
h
Persian ffl MON6:1773; KLN:137
'
LajTn : name of a Turkish tribe 'y&X
Laj-Vard : a city in Turkestan recorded by Marco Polo ^^ Kwer ' £ j <^-^j
laj Vard : lapis lazuli from city of Lajvard, its blue color * ) ^ ^
&*J&y**jffl
Khaqanf ^UwU J^Jt /J-J j> CU*-J>5 <j3 j J^Jt - 2> )*ffd ^~JJU* /J-J j> CUwl J^jflJ* 1 )^
I,
(•Arabic 03 PLA:240; AFM:141; AHD:737
al-lazaward : lapis lazuli
^
(•Latin 03 KLN; AHD; KGW:108
^
laZUlum : (stone of) lazuli
aZZUrum : tha blue color of lapis lazuli
The initial "L" was mistaken for the definite
article and consequently dropped in some words
English
03 AHD; KLN; WEB
lapis lazuli
azure
azulene
Lak
Lakat
Lakt
see root: Lek
see root: Lek
see root: Lek
Indo-European 03 wld2:443
Lakti, Ljakti-. stick, dub
W
W
^
Avestan 03 WLD2:443; SYN:525; BRT:1236
yaXSti, yaXStay : branch, twig
thri-yaXStay : with three branches
Sanskrit 03 wld2:443
yastih : branch, stick
Hindustani 03 hjb:510
lathi : stick, club
^\
English 03 kln:868
lathi : stick, club
271
Lai | Laqalaqa
Persian 03 BQT:1879; KLN:904
~x
Lah
jy
h
Persian ffl BQT:1879; MON:3536
'
laleh : a red flower (tulip) *J^
alaleh : a red flower 4J Yf
Onsorf iji <U 2 ^> e. J 3JI ^OJ&wi; j U ^> r j 3JI - r j** {j«*y* y% f" ) ^ *gXJ& jU ^> (-J <p
Persian ffl BQT:1880; MON:3536
lalak : red leather and shoes made from it ( iSJ j ) lSJ d
W
V*
Persian 03 bqt:1880
laleh-Sar : a red-headed ij/rd** Ker 1 jLi iM
lalas : a red s//k fabric J^
Badr Jajsrmt ^J")( y A> J^j jL^S j*t j>& - loi y J*a9 Jl» <■ I) j> 19 _p O
Arabic
03 AFM:142; PLA241; TAD:66
la I : red, a red stone, red ruby
Persian 03 bqt:1879
la I : red ruby, also used to describe lips Uj
Hafez y[i ^y {jM^y k-J )' J3"* - *"^ OW ^""»* v y J-*J
^
Hindustani 03 kln:904
lal : red
lal-Sarab : red imns t *"S.r.b
English 03 kln:904
loll Sharob : red wine
Indo-European 03 IEC:663
A
L3nC| : to droop, be sad, sorrow
Sanskrit 03 bqt:963
rdjyate : to be in pain,
disturbed
Pahlavi
03 BQT:963
ranz, ranj:pa/n,
suffering
Greek 03 IEC:663
laggazo, laggeo : to droop
Persian
UJ MON:1676; IEC:663
ranj : pain
suffering ( Ji^ij ,
7f*>J ' J*? 3 J
>gJj
ranjand.
an : to hurt ( ^Ifffij
< 0-^W^j )
JJujoj
i;T jL Ji ^6 4
l)Ww ^O
s-s-ji
Hafez
}j\ jL*i~o wj <o
CrS' c^ 1 -^
JW>
see root:
Lap-aro
1
Lep
Akkadian 03 akd:52
~X
Laqalaqa : flamingo, ■
W
^
Arabic 03 MON:3616; AKD:52
laqlaq : stork
laqlaqeh : stork's cry
Persian 03 bqt:1902
laklak, laqlaq : stork ( vjjj , jljd ) u£l5J
laqlaqeh : slang speech ( 4iUJ ) ijjjj
Sanat ejjl j j^j>- j Jjw _p jl _ ajjlo 4&UU JJjji CiwJ>
272
Layh | Layh
Semitic / Syriac 03 KLN:505; FVQ:66; VDQ:125
Layh : to be high
A. I . ll : to worship
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
^►l Hebrew 03
^
KLN:505,510
Eloh, Elohim, El: God
w
w
English 03 kln:505,510
Elohim, El: God
Hebrew 03 KLN:138,505; AHD:94
Babh-el : "gate to God", Babel, Babylonia^ N.b.b
Gebher-el : "man of God" Gabriel^' J. b.r
YTsma-el : "God hears", /shmae/^S.m.'a
MTxa-el : "who is tike God ?", Michael
Yisra-el : "soldier of God", Israel
Azra'-el : "God has helped", Azrael
Arabic 03 fvq
-el, el : a suffix meaning
"pertaining to God"
tl
Persian 03 FVQ; mon
Latin
I French
Persian UJ mon
Gabriel ,b»>&
V*
English 03 kln; ahd
Babel, Babylonia, Gabriel, Ishmael, Michael, Israel, Azrael
Hebrew 03 kln:1682
U ri-el : "flame of God" or "my light is God"
^
h
'
U re 1 1 : name of an angel l^j j a |
fc
English 03 kln:1682
Uriel
^
Hebrew 03 kln
DanT-el : "God is my judge", Daniel^ Dtnu
El-iyyah : "Lord is God", Elijah
ImmanU-el : "God is with us", Immanuel
Repha-el : "God has healed", Raphael^ R.f.a'
Eli-Sebha : "God is an oath", Elizabeth
SemU-el : "name of God", Samuel
I Arabic 03 fvq
W
Persian 03 fva; mon
Danyal : a prophet Jlota
ElyaS : a prophet (/'Ul
o j4-J 0i-3u ,'yvj d-w»^> j-LaXw
"jV'j
j^LJI 3 J-*&r JOji)
^ I Latin
French
V k
Persian UJ mon
English 03 kln; ahd
Elijah, Immanuel, Daniel, Raphael, Elizabeth, Samuel
W
Hebrew 03 kln; ahd
Beth-el : 'house of God; Bethel^ B.y.t
Y6-el : 'Lord is God'.Joel
El-ISa : God is salvation
Nethan-el : God has given, God given
Latin
English 03 kln; ahd
Bethel
Joel
Elisha
Nathaniel
273
Layh | Leb
Semitic / Syriac 03 KLN:505; FVQ:66; VDQ:125
Layh : to be high
A. I . ll : to worship
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
v*
Arabic
03 KLN:505; FVQ:33
Al-lah, Allah : (he God
A.l.h:God
I,
Persian UJ fva:33
Allah : God
>— English 03kln:51;AHD
^
Allah
Semitic 03 BQT:1886; KFL:430
~x
L.b.n:
^ I Arabic 03 bqt:
308; KLN:164,875
laban, l.b.n -.milk
luban : the white resih of sandalwood
luban jaw? : the resin of Java (Sumatra)
h
Persian ffl fva:363
'
labanTyyat : dairy products otxJ
w
Spanish
loben jui, benjui : balsamic r
French 03ahd:124
benjoin
I
Persian 03 bqt:308
benzTn : gasolin
&■>>■
^
English 03 AHD:124; OEW:61
benzoin, benzene
W
Indo-European 03 pok:655
Leb : up
A
Iranian
03 BQT: 1885
lap : lip
Pahlavi
03 MON:3551
lab : up
Persian 03 HRN:212; MON:3551
lab : lip, also side or edge of anything
J
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
lep : lip
English
NP
274
Legwh | Lei
Indo-European 03 pok:660
~X
Legwh : tight
in weight, quick ih movement
Persian 03 IEC:700, MON:3530
lagar : lean £j
Avestan 03 pok:660
ragu, rav\: quick
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 525
lihtjaZ://gW/n weight
English 03 ahd
light 2
Latin 03ahd:1525
leviS:of/oivive/gW
levar : im
Cami-levare : reduce weight, a feast before fasting^ Sek
English 03 ahd
leaven, lever, alleviate,
carnival, elevate, relieve
W
^
French
carnaval
Persian 03vop:269
kamaval : carnival
Jljbjtf
Indo-European 03 pok:662; ieC:706
~X
Lei, Loi
: slime, sticky
Sanskrit 03 IEC:706
layah : adherence
Persian 03 IEC:706
lay : mud, sediment ( J}j£l , tji J J? ) tji
Old English 03 ahd:1216
Slim: mud
English 03 ahd
slime
Latin 03 pok:662
limere : to smear
ITmUS : slime
Lei
see root: El 3
275
Leig | Leigh 1
Indo-European 03 pok:667
LGig : to leap, jump
~~\
h
h
Persian ffl POK:667; MON:86;
BQT:59
'
alTzTdan : to jump around
allZ : a "jumping" horse
Saraj-ed-Dm S'j-S\ y* j$i
Wl 'j^Jftj
_ *> yvttM^
w
^
Germanic 03 pok:667
laik
to jump
English
lark : a carefree i
^
Indo-European 03 pok:668
Leigh 1 :
Avestan
03 POK:668; KLN:886; SYN:267
leis, raez, reh:to//t*
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:348
rys : to lick
Germanic 03 ahd
likkon : to lick
A
Persian UJ BQT:1895; HRN:212; FFD:76
ITsTdan : to nek
ITstan : to nek ( ^^ ) ji&jj
j-mJ <^>0 *-~-Xj <CJj yJ )o (j&r - {j\ £$# J ^)U ) V CJU^I JJJviJ
English
lick
27!
Leigh 2 | Leikw
W
Indo-European 03 pok:669
~X
Leigh 2, Le\k\N. to leave
Avestan 03 POK:669; FFD:72; SOD:11
raexnah, raix, raik, raic, raec 2: to leave
rext, rez, haek 1 : to pour
paiti-raec : avoid, feawj^Psr 3
Vl-raeC : leave away, run away ^^Wi
I,
4-Pahlavi
03 BQT; HRN:141,203; FVQ:46; SNS:115
Ab 1
rextan : to pour
ap-reX: water pot, kettle c '
V-rextan : run away
par-hextan, pahrezisn : to avoid
Persian 03 POK:669; BQT; AEF:373
rixtan : to pour ( ^J\ ,J>^j , ^J > Cr*iJ
gorixtan -.tofiee (j>J>) 'r*°J>
parhixtan : to avoid ( \j, j ) yAJt j
Wl
Arabic 03 FVQ:46
Persian 03 mon:125
ebriC| : a water or wine container
&J&
J i3iH' J*^**) cf t - J "r - 'J iS^y s? •4.} 9 '*! /
Latin 03ahd
liquere : to be liquid
Germanic
03AHD
Germanic
03AHD
-NT: leftover
English
liquid, liquor
English
lend, loan
English
eleven, twelve
Greek 03ahd:413
ek-leipein : to leave out
ek-leipsiS: cessation (of light)
Arabic 03 tad:63
kosiif, XOSUf :
eclipse
Persian 03 mon:2975
koSLjf: eclipse ( 3awJ>- ) 3aw0
W
^
Latin 03ahd:413
eclipsis
English 03ahd:413
eclipse
Leikw
see root: Leigh 2
277
^
Leip I Lek
Indo-European 03 pok:670
~X
LGI p : to smear with oil,
cover, preserve
Sanskrit ffl bqt:991
rep : to deceive
pra-rep : cover, deceive
Persian UJ HRN:142,184; MON:1707
farib : deceit, trick
( «JJ>*jy i wy ) V"iy
fariftan : to deceive
< Jhij < £>htf.J> > CrV
riV : deceit
< 'fJ > fJ
Sa df o_Jj> o^> 'JU*w£j ^)lw^ (^Lx)
- 3i) 3 O^ .3 .£" tf) jl jV) ^
^-» [Germanic C3 AHD; KLN:874,887,899~
^
English
life, live, liver
W
Indo-European 03 pok:672
Leith : to go forth, die
A
Avestan 03 POK:672; WLD:401; ETM:66
raeth, ris 1, rith:tot*e
iris-ta, ris-ta:dead
I,
(•Pahlavi 03 NYB:170; HRN:103
rist : dead
rist-axez : rising dead^Swig
Persian UJ BQT:948; HRN:136; NYB:170
rastaxTz : rising of the dead ( 'yj£»j j ) \*>U*u)
ji> jsr*" 3 jy y y? l y^ 3 - yj*~*j ^ J3/' Cr" Cr? **
Ferdowsf
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
laipjan : to lead
laido : way
English
lead, load
Indo-European 03 pok:673; oew:217
~X
LGK : to leap, fly, kick
Old Iranian 03 ah m : 1 82
lakata, rakata : lot*
Persian 03 AHM:182; MON:3620
lagad : kick
< jjJ ) £\
Greek 03 OEW:217; POK:673
lagadon : a leap, kick
English 03 0EW:217
leg
Latin 03 0EW:217
loCUSta, lacertilia : leaping animals
English 03 ahd; kln
locust, lobster, lizard, alligator
27S
Lek Lesiom
Indo-European 03 POK:674; IEC:660,661
Lik, Lak:to(ear
LaKt, L3K31 : rag, scrap
~~\
h
Persian UJ IEC:661; MON:3563,3573
'
laxt : scrap, piece, rag
Ferdowst iyi cJv ^l "ji jl ,V"3J ^<4>
See "Letro" for another possible root.
( cJ ) G*xl
►
Armenian 03 IEC:661
lat : cloth, rag
Latin 03ahd:1526
lacer : torn
English 03 ahd
lacerate
Greek 03 IEC:660
lakiS:r
Sanskrit 03 IEC:661
laktakah : r
Leng
Lengho
see root: Longos
see root: Longos
Indo-European 03 IEC:680; POK:678; AHD:1526
Lep : to peel
LepOS : flap, skin
Lap-arO : soft, friendly
h
fc.
Persian 03 IEC:680; MON:3518,3530
laf : using soft and friendly words, bragging *J5^j
labeh : flattery iS$
Nezami ^jl jJjLa ijj ^j£ ailjji - ^IjS <J\4> Jj5y« <Wj ^l ji
►
Latin 03 IEC:680
lepos : wit
w
^
Greek 03ahd:1526
laparos : soft
English 03 ahd
laparotomy : surgical incision into abdominal wall
Lepos
see root: Lep
Indo-European 03 IEC:680
Les, Lesa, Lesos, Lesiom P
<ace, space, area
Old High German 03 IEC:680
gi-lafi : room, dwelling
Persian UJ IEC:680; MON:3522
lax : a suffix meaning place of m % _
Lesa
Lesiom
see root: Les
see root: Les
275
Lesos Leu
Lesos
Letra
see root: Les
see root: Letro
A
Indo-European 03 pok:681; ieC:681
Letro, Letros, Letra : skim.
; strip, piece
Persian UJ IEC:681; MON:3563
latreh : fragment, piece (of cloth)
Nezam Qart eij>-ljjl {fy^oi /, jJai >iw> iSjjj -
See "Lek" for another possible root.
w
^
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 526
lethram : leather
English 03 ahd
leather
Letros
see root.
Letro
W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:26
Indo-European 03 pok:681
LeU, LU : to smear, make dirty
m, raU: to be dirty
a-ru-ta, a-raw, aya : dirty
^
Pahlavi
ffl BQT:58,358; HRN:10,62; HUB:8,36
a-lutan : to make dirty^ Apo
palutan (pat-lutan):fo mer,
protect against dirt ^ Pa
HUB:36 does not agree with the link
between "aludan" and "paludan".
^
Greek 03ahd:364
dia-luein : to loosen apart
dia-lusis : filtering^ Dwo
French
L
Persian UJ AEF:340; FFD:26
aludan : to make dirty ( tj{\ ) £p J I
paludan : to clean ( ' AxJl) ) \} A[>
palayes : cleaning pSi[>
paludeh : cleaned, a dessert 0.S Jl£ < 0^ Jl)
paluneh : filter, pot used for cleaning &jA u
palan : a straw-filled saddle 'N\)
V
^
Latin 03 ahd
lutum : dirt
polluere : to pollute
h
Persian
diyallZ : dialysis \Jlo
English 03 ahd:364
dialyze, dialysis
English
pollution
280
Leudh Leudh
~X
W
Indo-European 03 POK:684; KLN:885; SYN:874; VDQ:39
Leudh, Rei:; groiv
Avestan
03 KLN:885; SYN:874
raod 1 , raoda, raodha :
growth, face
Persian 03 bqt:944
ruy-Tdan : to grow
riiy 1 : face
w
Persian ffl BQT:944; FSF:199
raz : garden, vineyard, vine
< tf JJ < iAijj )
^5
33 3 0^ kp 3 -^ - ./ ^ p-* p^j J jw) j?
jj
W
Arabic 03 pla:138
raUZa : garden
AFM:75 derives this from Persian "rfxtan: to pour";
see "Leigh 2". VDQ:226 derives it from Pahlavi
"rot: river"; see "Ser 1".
L
Persian ffl mon
TOWZeh : garden ( ^Uj ) Cp^j
l*J;Jj (*■&■> "^3J Ol<p* O V CUwJ ^l (wj-w)ifll
w
Persian
Arabic 03 afm:74
raonaq : beauty,
splendor
Persian 03 mon:1694
rOWnaq : growth,
success
&3J
Pahlavi 03 mon:1689
rOStak : village
Persian UJ IEC:1103; MON:1689
rUSta : village ( LjLu; j ) Ly j
Avestan 03 KLN:885; SYN:874
raodha-taxma : grown strong,
name of a legendary nero^^Tenk
h
Persian ffl bqt
Rostam : a legendary hero (t ^ i %
Avestan 03 VDQ:39; MAG:186
hava -rd : well grown, well built, beautiful^ Su 1
Pahlavi
03 MAG:186; VDQ:39
hu-rUSt:we//DU//(,
beautiful^" Su 1
Arabic
03 VDQ:39; MAG:186
huf: houries
of paradise
W
Persian ffl mon:1378
hur 1 : a heavenly woman **p
Sogdian 03 S0D:344
fwd : to grow
W
Indo-European 03 kln:885
leLldhO: leoie
leudherossee
t
Latin
liber: free
English
liberty, deliver, Latvia
281
leudheros Leuk
leudheros
leudho
see root: Leudh
see root: Leudh
^
Indo-European 03 pok:687; knt:205
A
Leuk, Leuqos : //g/it bright
Avestan
03 HRN:23,136,140; SYN:470,991; BQT:31
raocah : light
raoc-xsaema, raoxsna : bright
//g/jf ** Kssi 2
a-raXSa : bright
aiwi-raocya : light up®"Amt>hi
► —
Persian UJ BQT:97,147,976; FSF:176
™ Z:da y <tJ?'^J3?' ti J3j'> J3J
rOSan : bright 'j&SJ
raXS : bright(ness), white (^ jjj} ,JSj}) JSj
AaraS : "bright", a male name ^ j I
afrUXtan : to kindle lT**3^
jii^j ^i )ia_w ^j— * 3 *^ Ov?"
Ferdowst ' J^)^ lA**.)-? 3 lA"""* iA~^.P
w
Arabic 03 AFM:72; PLA:135
rezq : daily food
Derived from Persian "ruz".
W | Sogdian 03 SOD:146,345
^
dwk' : world
rWXSn : bright, light
W
W
Old Persian 03 knt:205
raucah : day
Latin 03ahd
ICistrare : to make bright, purify
French
^
W
^
Latin 03ahd
lumen, lux://gw
luna : moon
Germanic 03 ahd
liuhtam
Persian 03 mon
rezq : daily bread \ \ *
3jlj > d'jj > i3'jj'
h
Persian ffl mon:3650
'
ICJStr : chandelier il*J
English 03 ahd:776
luster, illustrate
English
illuminate, lunar
English 03 ahd
light 1, lightning, lighting
282
Leup | Limu
Indo-European 03 pok:690
LeUp : to break, peel off
~~\
W
W
W
Avestan / Old Persian
03 FFD:55
rup,rupa:torofi
Pahlavi 03 hrn:135
r6p 1 : to rob
kah-rupati : amber
** Kuatos
Persian 03 bqt:938
robudan : to steal ( ^J.jljj ) ^}yj
-roba : attracting \^j£ , Ij^T , \j'j _
Sanskrit 03 HRN:135; POK:690
I6p : to rob
I6tan : booty
Germanic 03 ahd
A group of words meaning bark peeled off trees,
roofs made of bark, roof or top of a high place
^ I Latin
^
English 03 kln:905
loot
English
leaf, lodge, loft
English
lobby
Leuqos
Liginnu
Ligittu
see root: Leuk
see root: Lignu
see root: Lignu
Akkadian 03 akd:21; bqt:1904
LignU, LiginnU, LigittU : a pot for measuring wheat
w
Aramaic 03 akd:21; bqt:1904
laqna, lakan, lagina:**
I
Arabic 03 bqt:1904
laqan : tub, basin
^
Greek 03 bqt:1904
lekane:
~X
h
Persian ffl mon:3621
'
lagan : tub . Jj
Limu
see root: NTmbu
283
Lithra | Longos
^
Indo-European 03ahd:1527
~X
LltrirB : a scale, balance
This is most likely a Mediterranean word
Greek
03 AHD:762; KLN:896
litra : a unit of weight,
also a unit of
liquid measure
Middle Latin
03 AHD:762; KLN:896
litra : a liquid measure
French
03 AHD:762
litre
Persian UJvop:318
ITtr : liter
j*v
^
English 03 ahd:762
litre, liter
V*
Arabic B3vgh:65
ITtr : liter
rati : a large liquid
container
"rati" is a distorted form of "ITtr"
► —
Persian UJ MON:1660; VGH:65
ITtr : liter
jW
rati : a large cup of wine
<>J
Vfs-o-Ramfn
jl J* <0 jji\i I j Gjl<pW> Jji
v*
^
Latin 03ahd:349
Libra : balance, Roman pound
De-ITberare : to weight well, pondei
English 03 KLN:886; AHD:349
Libra, deliberate, equilibrium
Ljakti
k
Loi
— [
Loik
~~i
Long
~~i
see root: Lakti
see root: Lei
see root: Uroiks
see root: Longos
Indo-European 03 IEC:678,709
LOngOS, LenghO, Leng, Long ://mp, lame, bent, also a low land, I
<+
L
^
Sanskrit 03 IEC:709
langah : lame
Persian 03
IEC:678,709
lang
Hafez
lame
ji \-°A 3
«bj_S \-a
imuWi/
■ j\p o~i
Jj^J
Greek 03 IEC:709
loggOS : grove
284
Indo-European 03 IEC:1640
Lrg : to tremble
Old Iranian
03 FFD:75
RarZ : to shake,
shiver
Pahlavi
03 FFD:75; BQT:1894
rrz, \arZ: shiver
Middle German 03 I EC: 1640
lurken, Ireken : shiver
Lrg | Lup
~X
Persian 03 BQT:1894; FFD:75
larzidan : to shiver ( ^Jj\jj) ^>l>jj
larzesh : shiver <ojJ C^j - >))) J-jJ
Saab j> jjLuO JU-«0 J (')/** f^-Z*-*?, )' &
Lu
Lup
see root: Leu
see root: Wei 2
285
Ma Ma
M
^
Indo-European 03 POK:694; PRT:386,863; SYN:103
A
Mel : breast
Mci-ter : feeder (of the family), mofter^Ter 3
This has probably started as a nursery word and
became a usual term in the Indo-European languages.
Avestan 03 POK:694; SKT:336
matar : mother
w
Pahlavi 03 BQT:1933; SNS:237
matar : mother
matak : female
madiyanag, mayag:
W
W
Germanic 03 ahd; kln
mothar
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:948
mamma : breast
mater : mother
matrix : pregnant animal, womb
materies, materia : tree's source of growth,
trunk, also hard wood, material
Greek 03 ahd
meter : mother, main, central
Persian
03 BQT:1933,1946,1964; HRN:213; MON:3716; SNS:237
madar : mother ( UU < fU ) pU
madeh:fema/e ( ^LS'U^loU^DiU ) OiU
mayeh : origin, originality, essence, value ej\/i
Haft Paykar
English
mother
French
Persian 03 mon:3679,3716
<Uj» I
■>UU
English 03 ahd
mammal, maternal, maternity,
matrimony, matrix, matter, material
English
metro, metropolitan
Mad | Maga
W
Indo-European 03 pok:694
Mad : wet, also food
~~\
Avestan ffl POK:694; SYN:184
masya 1 ;fe/7
mada : having too much liquid, drunk
mad : a water bird, mina
Persian 03 BQT:1961,2007; FRS:137
man?
fish
^
mast
drunk
GW>
mag : a black water bird, mina
CwjJww t»5y* )^ v 1 J"^ f
Rudakt
-jJ&f-
>yi y <6
Sanskrit / Armenian 03 pok:694
mastu, maccum: yogurt,
sour cream
Persian 03 HRN:215; POK:694; BQT:1941
mast : yogurt
( {jJ**»\a ) C-w«lfl
Sanskrit 03ahd:867
madati : a water bird, r
Hindustani
mama : mina
English
mina, myna : a bird
Germanic 03 ahd
English
meat, mate 1 :
^
Latin ffl POK:694; AHD:805
mattUS : drunk, not sober, dull
FSD:1526 derives Latin "mattus: drunk"
from Persian "mat: confused" which is
borrowed from Arabic. See "M.v.tto die".
► French
English ffl AHD:805
mat, matte : dull, also picture frame
KLN:946 derives these words from
a Semitic root. See root "M.v.t".
Avestan / Old Persian ffl hrn:227; hub:100
Madhaxa, Mazaxa -.grasshopper
MaCllKa : grasshopper
Page 18 in the introduction of BQT indicates that all these words
are from a Sogdian root and cognate with Armenian "marax".
W
Pahlavi 03 HRN:222,227; BQT:2031
madhax, mazax, matax : grasshopper
maig : a kind of grasshopper, shrimp
^
Persian 03 HRN:222,227; BQT:2031; MON:4503
malax : grasshopper
mayg : shrimp
( q\*A ) Ow
Madika
see root: Madhaxa
Avestan 03 HRN:221; MPP:85
Maga
: hole, recess
V*
^
Persian UJ BQT:2021; MPP:85; FRS:145
mag : hole, a place dug in ground Owl < OUj° < xja
287
Maghl | Maghl
W
Indo-European 03 pok:695
Maghl : might, power
~~\
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:695; ahd; kln:923
magus, maeg, megan.moghu -. zoroastrian priest
magUS : magician
Pahlavi 03 MON:4248,4421
magU : Zoroastrian priest
magu-pat : head priest^ Per 3
Persian 03 mon
mog : Zoroastrian priest ('u)u
mobad, mobed: head priesf J^jyi
Arabic 03 VDQ:374
majUS : Zoroastrian
Persian UJ mon:3884
majUS : Zoroastrian
iffi*
Greek
magos
Latin
magus
French
English
magic
W
L
Germanic 03 ahd; kln
mag, mahthf
^
Greek
03 KLN:919; AHD:780
mexana, maxana,
meXOS : means
maxanikon : a war
machine
W
Latin
macina : engine
I
English
main, might, may
Persian 03 BQT:2039; FSF:311; AFM:164; MON:4384
manjanTk : mangonel
Ferdowsf
AHD:793 and KLN:933 derive the English "mangonel" from the Greek word
"manganon:charm" which is from Indo-European root "Meng:to beautify".
French
Persian 03 mon:3701,4312
(" }«5\Afl < kXilXfl < ,y>«&w
English
machine, mechanic
Magh 2 | MagsTsa
Indo-European 03 pok:697
Magh 2 -.to tight
~X
W
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:697; ahd:1541
ha-mazan : the warrior®" So
w
Greek
03 AHD:40,1541; PRT:14
amaZOn : woman warrior
KLN:59 derives this
from Hebrew.
► I Latin
French
Persian 03 MON5:58
amaZOn : warrior
^
English 03 AHD:40,1541
Amazon 1 :
woman warrior
Spanish 03 kln:59
AmaZOnaS : referred to a tribe in South
America - a Spanish explorer found
their women helping men in battle.
I French
Persian UJ MON5:58
r ^UT
name of a river
uj
^
^
English 03 kln:59
Amazon 2 : name of a river
Indo-European 03 pok:696
MagPlOS: young
MagnU : boy, unmarried
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:696; KLN:924
magava : unmarried
Germanic 03 ahd
magadi: young girl
English
maid, maiden
Maghu
see root: Maghos
Aramaic 03 mon:4036
~X
MagsTsa : ■
W
Persian 03 SKT:314; KLN:937; BQT:1938; MON:4036
marqaSISa : an iron mineral (ore)
y
W
^
Arabic
03 KLN:937
marqasitha
Spanish
03 KLN:937
marcaxita
Middle Latin
03 KLN:937
marchasita
French
03 KLN:937
marcassite
English
03 KLN:937
marcasite
Mak Mana
^
Indo-European 03 pok:699
~X
MaK : long, thin, slender
This root may be related to "Meg: great"
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:699; KNT:201; SYN:880
mas : long
masah : length, size
mas-ya 2 : longer^ Yah 5
mas-yah : greater 1 ^ Yah 5
mas-ista : longest^ Isto
math-ista : the supreme
Compare with root "Meg: great".
Persian UJ HRN:224; BQT:2002,2058
meh 2 : great
mehast : greatest
mezna : balance, scale \j 'ya
Ferdowsf
"mezna" was not found in MON. Also see Root "Meg: great"
W
Greek 03ahd
makrOS : long
makedonios : tall ones, people from the highlanders
(an area north of Greece), Macedonia
Persian 03 MON5:2007
MaqdunTyyeh : Macedonia
O^J^xLa
W I Latin
L
English
Macedonia
English
macro-, macron
W
^
Latin 03ahd
macer : thin
English
meager
Indo-European 03 pok:699
A
MakO : house fly
Avestan 03 POK:699; SYN:193
maXSI : house fly
SYN:193 claims an imitative
origin {Indo-European "Mu", "Mus")
Pahlavi
03 HRN:221; SNS:238; ISS:278
maXS : house fly
makas, magas:f/y
Persian
03 BQT:2029; HRN:221
magas : house fly
<A*
Sogdian 03 ISS:278
mwgsk : house fly
Sumerian 03 akd:20,21; kln:982
~X
Mdnd : an ancient unit of weight
W
Akkadian
03 AKD:20,21
mar\U : unit of weight
Sanskrit
03 KLN:949
W
Greek
Latin
^
Persian ffl bqt:2035
man 2 : a unit of weight equal to 3 kilograms
V
English ffl AHD:834; KLN:982
mina, mine : old units of weight and money
290
Mantellum Masakah
^
Latin 03 SYN:417; KLN:932
"~X
MantellUm : cloak, towel
Mantih «.A
Arabic 03 kln:932
mandTI
turban, napkin
Persian UJ mon:4389
mandTI : napkin, turban
<yj* ji
w
French 03 kln:934
manteau : cloak
English 03 kln:932
mandil : turban
Persian 03 mon:3718
mantO : manteau «ljU
^
English
manteau
Mantil
Manu
Manus
see root: Mantellum
see root : Men 1
see root : Men 1
Avestan 03 bqt:1990
~X
Marega:
EAV:866 indicates that this word is related
to the Greek word "amorphous: shepherd".
** Persian ffl BQT:1990; MON:4019
W
^
Sogdian B3sod:216
mrg : meadow
marg : grass, a kind of fast growing weed
margzar : meadow^ Kwel
j* y° )£ 3 3y O CUm*> -«jb - jUJj yfyi\ (JjJJc> Jl<j_ wW
W
Sanskrit 03 kln:1018
Masakah
: animal skin used for carrying water
Pahlavi 03 bqt:2014
mask : leather
h
Persian 03 MON:4147; BQT:2014
mask : animal skin for carrying water ' \SJ&
masklJ : (royal) tent V £j&
Fsrdowst aUw <_X_ &o j j_w jj r b Ju - «U (J oSjli <U Xo I j£ ^U»i3
v*
L
Hindustani 03 kln:1018
masak : animal skin for carrying water
English 03 kln:1018
mUSSUCk, mUSSUk : animal skin for carrying water
291
Masgda | Me 1
W
Aramaic 03 KLN:1007; VDQ:379
~x
Masgda :p/ace of
worship
Arabic ffl kln:1007
masjed : mosque
S.J.d : to prostrate,
pray to God
FVF:638 claims that
Arabic "masjed" is
from Persian "mazget"
h
Persian ffl fva:185
'
SOJLJd '.prostration ( qXpw ) JloPuw
SajSCl : one who prays to God ( oJll?uw i Jllpuw ) J^Lw
masjed : place of prayers, mosque ,Xp*wi
Cw> A% j jLiij ^> Ji jU i-Jli? j«S <w&
Hafez C-_iUJ ^> Jj*_W> 4% CU*JL1p ^CU* b" <W&
w
Spanish 03 kln:1007
mesquita : mosque
Italian
moschea
French 03 kln:1007
mOSquee : mosque
English
03 KLN:1007
mosque
V*
^
Persian 03 BQT:2001; FVF:638; MON:4063
mazget : mosque
Asadt JJ^ J*
Massa
Ma-ter
Mazaxa
Mbh
Mbhi
see root: M.s.s
see root: Ma
see root: Madhaxa
see root: Nobh
see root: Ambhi
Indo-European 03 pok:703; knt:210
~X
Me1:
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:703; KNT:201
ma 2 : no, not
ma-tya : that not, lest
Persian 03 mon:3677
ma- : a prefix negating verbs ( ^ wo < JXfl < q y° ) - (*
Qabfaht ;>UI,pU jjj iSAJJ^ J-> )' j»»> _ iuLojO JS i!)^'}? '-"'/' )' lW
Sanskrit 03 pok:703
Greek 03 pok:703
292
Me 2 I Me 2
^
Indo-European ffl pok:703, 731
M© £ : to measure
MGnOt : moon used to measure time
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:703,731; SYN:54,877,1010
ma 1 : to measure
mah, mahya : moon, also month
mah-tab : moonshine^ Tap
Persian UJ POK:731; BQT:1956,1958; SNS:37,113
marl : moon, also month
mahtab : moonshine
w
v*
Old Persian 03 knt:201
f ra-ma-na : to measure beforehand, decide, order^^ Per 1
a-ma : extend
Persian 03 BQT:1470; FFD:66
farman: order iA".^
Avestan 03 HRN:80,233; BQT:37; FFD:25
paiti-ma : measure ®" Per 3
aiz-ma, UZ-ma-ta : measure, test
ni-ma : measure down, display Ni 1
Persian UJ
BQT:37,448,2171
paymudan
: to measure, walk
&3~A
azmudan :
o test
<0yj'
< j4*$ > 0->yj"
nomudan:
o show
CPy^
oJJol*j i
)OmJ ^iJ-wJmjJ j MjJ
V
Greek 03ahd
metron : measure
dia-metrOS : (tine) that measures across,
diameter Dwo
French 03 ahd:865
metre
^l
H
^
Latin
Germanic 03 ahd ►-
Persian UJ mon:3800
metr
f*
English 03 ahd
meter, diameter, geometry
English
measure, dimension, semester
English
meal, moon, month, Monday
293
Me 2 Medhu
Indo-European ffl pok:703, 731
Me £ : to measure
Me nOt : moon used to measure time
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
v*
Indo-European 03 pok:705
Med
to take appropriate measures, to cure
Avestan ffl POK:705; SYN:307
vi-mad : care giver, physician ^ Wi
Avestan / Old Persian ffl pok:705
W | Latin CJahd \ >-
Pahlavi
Vimar:pa(/en(
Persian 03 BQT:340; HRN:59
bTmar : patient
)Ufc*J
azda : indicator, hint, t
English
medicine, remedy, moderate
Latin 03ahd
modus : size
I
French
Persian 03 mon
"^ ' 0j"^° ' ^"^°
English
mode, model, modern, modest, module, turmoil, mold, mood, commode
^+- 1 Germanic
^
English
must 1 : have to
empty
Med
see root: Me 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:707
MedhU : honey
Avestan 03 pok:707
madhu : honey
madha : wine
Persian 03 BQT:2071; HRN:225 ;SYN:389
may : wine j
mol : wine Afl
Onsort J> y jj jj iSi ^j> ajjjj j3 _ JjO J*J ^JjJJI fu» ^j) <*■!
For another possible root of "mol" see Mer 2
V
Sogdian 03 SOD:220
mwd:
Greek 03ahd:1524
methu :
French 03ahd:826 ►-
English
methylene
294
Indo-European
Medhyo:m/ddfe
Avestan 03 KLN:954; HRN:225
maidyana : middle
Pahlavi
Sogdian 03 S0D:223
myd'n:m/ddfe
Germanic 03 ahd; kln
midja : middle
Latin 03 ahd
medius : middle
medi-terraneous : in land sea Q
I,
French
^
English
Medhyo | Meg
~X
h
Persian
miyan : middle \\*ji
English
middle
Persian UJ mon:3974
<GljljJu» < ("»jJj
immediate, median, medium, mean 1
Mediterranean
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:708; kln:958
Meg, Megh: great
This root may be related to "Mak:long, slender"
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:708; KLN:958; SYN:878
maz, mazant: great
maz-yah, mathi-yah:greafer®"Yah5
maz-ista : greatest^ Isto
mazah, mazan : size, greatness
Compare with the AV/OPR word
from Root "Mak: long"
Sanskrit 03 ahd
maha : greaf
maha-raja : great king cr R
^ I Hindustani !►
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
mikila
Latin 03 ahd
maXimUS : greafesf
I French
English
Pahlavi
meh : greaf
h
Persian
03 HRN:224; BQT:2002,2058
meh 2 : greaf
' <U
mehast : greatest
C-WA^
mezna : balance, scale
^Ji
"mezna" was not found in MON.
See Mak for another possible
root.
h
Persian ffl mon:4458
'
maharajeh : great king (of India) 4?>IjIa*
English 03 ahd
maharajah, mahatma
English
much, more
Persian UJ mon
-^l
magnitude, majesty, major, magnum, master, maximum, May, mayor
W
^
Greek 03 ahd
megas : greaf
English
omega, mega-
295
Megh | Mei 2
Megh
see root: Meg
^
Indo-European 03 P0K:71 1
Mei 1 : so*, mild
Avestan
03 POK:712; MON:4494
mayazda : a special meal
of Zoroastrians, guests
guests invited to a meal
Latin 03ahd:1528
mitis : soft
Pahlavi
03 BQT:2076; VDQ:370
mayazd, maz: feast
W
Arabic
03 AFM:148; VDQ:370
ma' da : food, food table
Persian UJ BQT:2076; MON:4494
mayazd : feast gues(s }'yji
mizban : host^ Pa {jk.W'
Persian 03 mon:3674
maedeh:fcod <oJt>U) oJjU
English
mitigate : soften, moderate
Indo-European 03 pok:709
Mei 2
: to fix, build, fence
Old Persian 03 BQT:2073; KNT:202
maixa : nail
may UXa : door knob
Latin 03ahd
muni re: to fortify
^\
Persian 03 pok:709
miX:na// m^ja
mixak : carnation l$*W>
English
ammunition
Mei 3 I Mei 4
W
W
Indo-European 03 POK:710,713,715; AHD:1528
Mei 3, Meih; g
MGIC|W : to move, change
Moiri: common
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:710,715; KLN:953
maeni -.punishment
mitho : false
mithwara: pa/red
mithahya : evil
Latin 03 kln:1767
se-mitita:paft
Arabic 03 kln:1767
Samt : way, path, direction
aS-SUmut : directions
Persian 03 mon:1919
Samt : path, direction
Wl
French
English 03 kln:1767
zenith, azimuth
^
Latin 03ahd
Communis : common
migare : change one's place of living
French 03 ahd
communisme
Persian 03 MON6:1603
r^yS.^yS
English 03 ahd
communism, communist
common, communicate
V»
English 03 ahd
migrate, immigration
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
ga-maid-az : changed for worse (mad)
miSSa : in a changed manner, wrongly
gamainiz : common, ordinary, low value (mean)
English 03 ahd
mad
mis-, mistake, misfortune
mean 2 : inferior
Indo-European 03 pok:710
Mei 4 : to bind, tie
^\
W
Avestan / Old Persian ffl pok:710; knt:203
mithra : bond, friendship, kindness, angel of light guarding the truth.
Persian LLI BQT:2060; MON5:2056; KNT:203
mehr : angel of light, sun, a month in the Persian calendar
j*i
IjV < >\>jV > 0«t*" < oW
Mas' Cid Sa'd Salman ^Uj4_fl ji> j4_fl jOJ (jjl l\jb s£A -
$.}¥ £ j* Cr*3 j+» <>\* .3 j+» J3J
w
^
Greek 03 KLN:989; AHD:841
mithraS:Godof//gW
Latin
English
Mithras: God of light
297
Meig | Meik
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:712-714; ahd
~X
Meig, Meik:;,™
Meigh 1 :to sprinkle, urinate
Meigh 2 : to blink, cover, darken
Avestan 03 POK:714; BQT:1835
minasti : to mix, mixed
vi-maik, vi-minasti : to mix®" wi
h
Persian 03 hrn:12
'
amiXtan : to mix ( Ji^jil ) y3w«T
gomTxtan : to mix up •,Ixm>£
Avestan
03 POK:713; BQT:62; SYN:273
maez : urine
Sogdian 03 S0D:227
myz y : urine
h
Persian ffl BQT:1 835,2073; MON:4493
'
m IZ : urine 'yj&
ITlTxtan : to urinate yA*A
Vmw i ol j \*a
Sanaf JJoJ ^Jb *£ J j J . CUwl ^l jU (J?L> ^> Jji (Vy^S
w
Avestan
03 POK:712; BQT:2079
maega : cloud
Pahlavi
03 ISS:285
mig -.cloud
Persian 03 HRN:226; ISS:285
mig -.cloud
meh 1 : tog
c**
i^i ojju <ojJj ^1^5 c-jbU <o
Persian 03 POK:712; HRN:219; BQT:2006
mOZeh, mOZgan: eye/ashes |WV> i «V>
Latin 03 ahd
miscere : to mix
English
mix, miscellaneous
Germanic 03 ahd
mih-StU : fine rain, mist
English
mist
Meigh 1 |
Meigh 2 ^
Meigw |
Meih |
Meik |
see root: Meig
see root: Meig
see root: Mei 3
see root: Mei 3
see root: Meig
Meit Mel 2
Indo-European 03 pok:715
Meit, Meith : to stay
^ I Avestan 03 pok:715
maet : to s(ay
maethman : guest, one who stays
maethanam : staying place, house, homeland
^
"~X
Persian 03 bqt:2069,2084
mehman, mThman: guest
mThan : homeland
f ' ^3 A <y 3 C^ oW" 3 a"y^ f I ^
Meith
see root: Meit
Indo-European 03 pok:720
Mel 1 : black, dirty
W
Greek
melan-xole : Mat* Me,
mental disorder^^ Ghel
Latin 03ahd:817
melancholy:
mental disorder
Persian 03 bqt:1947
malTxulia : me/ancho/y UjJsJU
^
^
English
melancholy
Indo-European 03 pok:71 9,724
~X
Mel 2, MelO, SmelO -.small, insignificant, also bad and harmful
These words may be related to root "Mer 2: harm, die".
^
W
Avestan 03 POK:719; SYN:1177; PRT:374; HRN:283
mairya : harmful, evil
HRN:283 ,BQT:1934 and SNS:239 link this word
to the Indo-European root "Mer 2:to harm, die".
Persian 03 HRN:283; BQT:1934
mar : snake ,U
Latin 03ahd
male, malus : harmful
mal-aria : bad (sick) air®" We 1
► Italian
► French
Persian 03 mon:3709
malariya : ma/aria bj'iU
^
English
malfunction, malicious, malady,
malaria, malignant, dismal
W
^
Germanic 03 kln:1461
Smal : small animal
English
small
Mel 3 Melo
W
Indo-European 03 pok:716
Mel 3:
soft, soft material
Greek 03 pok:719
malaxos : soft
malagma : soft material
W I Germanic 03 ahd
meltan : to melt
milks : mulch
smelt, malta, mildja, milks
Latin 03 ahd
l
mollis: soft
Celtic 03 ahd
moltO : sheep
~x
Arabic 03 kln:58
al-malagma : the ■■soft-
material
Persian 03 mon:4345
malgam : paste, ointment _jjjj
French 03 kln:58
amalgame
English 03 ahd
amalgam
English 03 ahd
melt, smelt, malt, mild, mulch, enamel
English 03 ahd
mollusk
English 03 ahd
mutton
^
Indo-European 03 pok:722
Melg : to wipe off, to milk
Avestan 03 POK:722; FFD:77
marz, marez, mrz, mard :
to wipe, sweep, rub
V
Persian
03 BQT:1948,2010; HRN:214
SYN:569; MON:4010; SNS:245; FFD:77
malidan
: to rub
JU <u iJU , <JU)
CjaJU
mostan :
to rub, massage
( ' cJifl
>Cr^
mOfZ : intercourse, also the
inus, bottom
<0-4j^
Molavf
. I j. . '
^j'j / r*/!
- iM),P ^"4*^j - 1 -
y> JJw>
Avestan 03 POK:722; BQT:1448; HRN:12
a-mafZ : wipe out the sins, forgive
fra-a-marZ : one who forgives all sins
®"psr1
Persian
amorzidan : to forgive ( J*),* I ) 0-4jy '
FaramarZ : "one who forgives", male name \ ya| A
Germanic 03 ahd
milkan : to milk
English
milk
Latin 03 ahd
mulgere : to milk
English
emulsion
Melo
see root: Mel 2
300
Men 1 Men 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:726
Men 1 : to think
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan
03 POK:726,727; BQT
manah, maiti -.mind,
manners
-man 1 : to be similar to
mathro, mathra : holy
instructions
W
Pahlavi
03 SNS:240,254
menism: manners
mansr :no/y
instructions
Persian 03 bqt
manes : manners
manastan : to resemble (JJoU ) •,l»iU
mandan 1 : to resemble fl ^U _) ^ ^JjU
Avestan 03 pok:726; bqt
Vahu-man : well mannered®" Su 1
dllS-manah : with unfriendly
fhoughfs^Dus
haxa-manah : with friendly
fhoughfs®"S8kw
hu-man : with good manners ®"Su 1
Persian 03 BQT:1949, 2316; HRN; ZMA:19
Bahman : "with good manners"
irv.
HaxamaneS : "with friendly thoughts"
JiiM-A
dosman : "with unfriendly thoughts"
,'ysw»J
Human : "well mannered"
(^5*
V
Avestan 03 pok:726; bqt
kara-manah : with knowledge of
work Kwer
Vi-manah : to think apart, guess ®"wi
naire-manaw : with manly manners
®"N8r1
v*
Avestan 03 pok:726; bqt
prati-man : with opposite fhoughfs®"P8r 3
dereza-man : like (for) a seam, thread
®"Dh8r 1
as-man : like (a big) stone, sky^" Ak
ham-mana : like that^Sem 1
,^
w
Old Persian 03 knt:202,212
man 1 : to think
manah : thinking power
manis : manner
haxa-manis : with friendly manners
Avestan 03 POK:726; AHD:26; KLN; KGW:46
mainyu : spirit, heaven
anra-mainyu, angra-manyu:ew/sp/rif c8 *Ens
^ I Germanic 03 ahd; h
^
Persian LLI BQT:1949, 2316; HRN
qahreman : "with skillful manners"
d^jP
Nanman : "with manly manners"
d^ij
goman : "a distinguishing thought"
i)W
Persian 03 bqt
pasiman :
"with regretting mind"
<oHi>
ll)W"H
Sadman : "with happy thoughts"
i^iou
darzman : "like a seam"
d^jp
asman : "like a (big blue) stone"
^)U^«I
haman : "like same"
o^
Persian 03 BQT2083; HRN:227
T^
minU: heaven
mina : blue (skylike) gloss, glass \*wt
ahriman : evil yKj*'
English
mind
301
Men 1 Men 1
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:726
Men 1 : to think
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03 KLN:947; AHD:864
mOUSa: protector of arts
matOS : mind, will
autOS-matOS : has mind
of itself^ Autos
► Latin
French
musique
I
Persian 03 mon:4063, 4433
d^y < $y < ^yy
Persian 03 BQT:2052; MON:4432
uXJvayl i \S*j\ jy> i ojy>
w
English 03 ahd
music, museum, mosaic, amnesty, maniac, automatic
Latin 03 ahd
ment, mens : mind
English 03 ahd
mental, mention, monitor, monster
monument, comment, demonstrate
^ Indo-European 03 kln:930; pok:700
Manu, Manus:
one who thinks, man
W
W
Avestan
03 POK:700; KLN:930; BQT:2047; SNS:241
manu, manus, mainyus : man(iy)
manUS-citra : with manly face,
or of "Manush" race ^^ Skai
Persian 03 bqt:2047
ManCicehr : "from Manush family"
a male name
jvtr*
Germanic 03 ahd
manna : man
French
mannequin : manikin
Persian 03 mon:3721
mankan : manikin
^u
English 03 kln:930
man, Norman, Herman, manikin
Indo-European 03 pok:730
Men-dh:
W
Avestan 03 ahd; kln:1095
ma[n]dz-dha, mazdha : learned,
wise^ Dhe2
ahura-mazdha : wise sp/r/(®"An 1
mazda-yasna : God worshipper^" Yag
Persian UJ bqt:109
Mazda : "wise"
\>y
Ahuramazda : "wise spirit"
< ?/ ) I^IjjaI
mazdTsna : God worshipper
VwaO \fi
w
^
Greek 03 ahd
manthanein : to learn
English
mathematics
302
Men 2 Menot
W
Indo-European 03 pok:729
~X
Mel! 2 :to remain
BQT:1949 claims this word is
ultimately from root "Dem:house"
Avestan / Old Persian
03 KLN:934; HRN:215; KNT:202
man 2 : await
Pahlavi 03 hrn:215
man-stan : to stay
Persian 03 bqt:1950
mandan 2 : to remain, stay
r ,'_)jjU
W
Avestan 03 SNS:74
Upa-mati : remain, endure,
keep the hopes up Upo
Pahlavi
03 SNS:74
6med : hope
Persian ffl
MON
OmTd : hope
(jW )
»Ua|
AEF:147 offers
a few
possible
roots for this word
and concludes that th
e root is
not quite clear.
w
^
Latin 03 ahd; kln
manere : to remain
English
mansion, permanent, remain
Indo-European 03 pok:726
~X
Men O : to stand out, project
Avestan 03 POK:726; KLN:1009
mati, mnti : sticking out, prominent
fra-manyente : they get a head start
Latin 03 ahd
mont : mountain
French
Persian 03 mon
English 03 kln:1009
mount, mountain, amount, paramount, piedmont
Latin 03 ahd
minere : to project
English
prominent, eminent, imminent
Indo-European 03 POK:726,747; KLN:932
Mon, MonO : neck, throat
r
Avestan 03 pok:747
minu : throat
manaothri, moneutro : neck, throat
^
Germanic 03 ahd
mono : neck
English 03 kln:932
Men-dh
Menot
see root : Men 1
see root: Me 2
303
Menth Mer 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:732
~X
Menth:
mouth, to chew
Greek 03 POK:732; AHD:1529
math-ya : to chew
mUStaX: upper lip
mastax : mouth
mastixan : to grind the teeth
mastixe : chewing gum
Arabic 03 tad:69
mastakT : a resinous
plant and its resin
used for chewing
Persian 03 mon:4173
mastakT : a resinous plant \L'.^i fl
and its chewable resin
English 03 ahd
mustache
Germanic 03 ahd
muntha : mouth
English 03 ahd
mouth
W
Indo-European 03 pok:732
~X
Menth, Meth:
Ave stan
ffl POK:732; BQT:2040; FSF:311
mant 1 : to stir, turn
mant 2, Vant : in control,
owner
The link of "mant 2: owner" and
"mant 1 : stir" is unclear unless
"stir" means "to be in control".
Pahlavi
ffl BQT:2040
mand, omand:
owner, with, like
Persian ffl BQT:2040; FSF:311
mand : (suffix) owner of with JJji _
Manuchehrf
W
^
Latin 03 pok:732
manphur, manfur : lathe, a lathed object
French 03 ahd:793
mandrin : lathe
English 03 ahd:793
mandrel, mandril
W
Indo-European 03 pok:969
~X
Mer 1, Smer:
to remember, be anxious about
Avestan 03 MON; KLN:961; FFD:64
mar 1 , Smer : to remember
mar-aiti, his-mar-aiti : counted for
a-mar : (count) to remember
Vi-mar : designate (off) cr Wi
V
Sogdian ffl sod:69
SID r : thought, imagination
h
Persian ffl HUB:95; HRN:208; BQT:1834,1978
'
mar : account, count, number Ja
amar: census jUl
semordan : to count ( ojUi , JtjlJ* , jl»i) ^j***
gomardan : designate ( <£J\J i tfJhS ) (j£j\J
<L>vA yJ-J -«*J \A U JJc> y I
Asadr ^y j ^ &j Jj 1 ) ^J 1
Latin 03 ahd
me-mor : mindful
English 03 ahd
memory, remember
^-» | Different Languages 03 ahd; kln:943
^
English
martyr, mourn
304
Mer 2 Mer 2
^
Indo-European 03 POK:735,970; AHD:1529
MGr £ : to rub away, harm, die
Mer-d, Mer-k:desf roy
Mor-tO : mortal man
Smerd : painful
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan
03 POK:735; BQT:1872,1934,1982-6; KLN:1005
mar 2 : to die
mahrka, marathyu : death
mareta, masa : mortal man
mardta : everyone
gayo-mereta : perishable life, human ^Gwei
a-mereta, amasa : eternal
Persian UJ bqt; hrn:218-9
ZMA:21
mordan : to die
( Sy ) £)}jfl
mard : mortal man
<fV> V
KlUmarS : "mortal world, man'
it>j/>yS
amordad : "not mortal"
( i\iy>) }\}j»\
w
w
Pahlavi 03 SOD:219; BQT:2017
murdyanag, masyanag : mortal man
masa : Adam
masyoi : Eve
Persian 03 SOD:218; BQT:2017
masya : Adam
masyaneh : Eve
Avestan 03 AEF:378; HRN:69
aWIS-mar, WIZmar : to fade, wither
HUB:41 does not agree with this derivation
Persian 03 bqt:400
pajhmordan : to fade, wither ( AJjyi'V) ) \} yi'V)
W
W
W
W
Avestan 03 POK:737; KNT:203
morandat, marencaiti -.destroys
maraxs : spoil
mared : destroy
Old Persian 03 KNT:202,203; SOD:218,225
mar, mariya : to die
marta : dead
martiya : mortal man
Sogdian 03 S0D:218
marty :
Old Persian 03 knt:203
mard : crush
mard-Una : crusher of grapes
into wine, wine merchant
Persian 03 knt:203
^
mol : wine
Onsort J> i jj jj iSi ^j> «Jjjjj3 _ JjO J*J ^JjJJI fu» ^j) <*■!
For another possible root of Persian "mol: wine" see root "Medhu".
Greek 03 pok:736
maraino : rub off
marmarOS : polished stone, rock
marmaron : marble
Persian 03 MON:4045; BQT:1996
marmar : marble stone ( *j yo yo ) Jo Jo
w
Latin 03ahd:797
marmor : marble
French 03 ahd:797
marbre
English 03 ahd:797
marble
V*
^
Germanic 03 ahd
maron : goblin
mur-thra : murder
English 03 ahd
nightmare
murder
305
Mer 2 | Merega
Indo-European 03 POK:735,970; AHD:1529
MGr £ : to rub away, harm, die
Mer-d, Mer-k:desf roy
Mor-tO : mortal man
Smerd : painful
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W I Latin 03
AHD
mors : death
mor-tarilim : ground down, mortar
mordere : to bite
morbus : disease
English 03 ahd
mortal, mortuary, mortgage
mortar
remorse
morbid
W
^
Old High German 03 ahd; kln:1461
smerzan:pa/nfe/
English 03 kln:1461
smart
W
Indo-European 03 pok:737
Mer 3 : to disturb
A
Sanskrit 03 hrn:101,181
a-mars : to tolerate, be quiet
pra-mars : to forget
h
Persian 03 bqt:706,1448
XamUS : quiet, turned off J**/^
W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:65
mUS, fra-a-mUS : to forget
w
Pahlavi 03 ffd:65
framUStan : to forget
Persian UJ FFD:65; MON:2506
faramusidan : to forget
Naser-Khosrow
^ | Germanic Mahd \ >~
\
English
mar : to damage
Mer-d
Mereg
see root: Mer 2
see root: Merg
Avestan 03 BQT:190; KLN:959
Merega : a large bird
Saena-merega : dark hawk bird cr Ksi 1
w
w
^
Pahlavi 03 bqt
murg, merv: bird
Sen-murV : hawk bird
Sogdian 03 SQP:217
mrg : bird
306
Persian 03 BQT:1211,1990; SYN:183
morg : bird
Stmorg : a legendary bird
V
Merg | Meth
Indo-European 03 pok:738
~X
Merg, Mereg : mark, border
Avestan 03 POK:738; KLN:940
mereza : boundary
Persian 03 bqt:1986
marz : border
jy
Germanic
mark : to mark
English
mark, remark, march
Latin 03ahd
margo : border, i
English
margin
Mer-k
see root: Mer2
^
Indo-European 03 pok:739
Merk:to(ake, grasp
Latin 03 pok:739
merx, comerx :
merchandise
Italian 03 mon:3392
COmmerCI : commerce
W
Portuguese
CUmerX : trade
Persian 03 MON:3392; HJB:384
gomrok : customs duties O y»5
gambrOOn : former name A. j^S
of port "Bandar Abbas".
V k
English 03 ahd
commerce, merchant, market
W
Latin 03 ahd
merces : pay, reward, kindness
MerCUrillS : god of commerce
French
h
Persian ffl mon:4015
'
mere? : thanks -, j
English 03ahd:821
mercy : kindness
^+- 1 French
Persian UJ mon
f/j/y ' J$J*
V*
^
English
mercury
Meth
see root: Menth
307
Meu 1 | Meug
Indo-European 03 pok:741
MeU 1 : damp, dirty
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:741; HRN:285; KLN:1008
muthra : dirty liquid, urine
Germanic 03 ahd
meUS : damp
English
Latin 03 ahd
mUStUS : wet, I
English
must 2 : damp
mustard
Middle Greek 03 ahd
mudde:we( earth
English
mud
Meu 2
see root.
Mew
W
Indo-European 03 pok:744
MeUg : wet, slippery,
also to give up, let go, flee, deliver, describe
Avestan 03 POK:744; FFD:27
fra-mUXti : open up, describe, clarify
a-maUX-ta : learned
Persian 03 FFD:27; MON:91
amUXtan : to learn
amuzandan : to teach
JS^jy\, JS jy>l i J>jy\ i jy I
Old Persian 03 POK744
a-mutha, a-muntha : tied
Sanskrit 03 pok:744
mCikti : slipped out, lost,
anything thrown away (worthless)
munthate : untie, describe, explain
Persian 03 BQT:2024; HRN:221
moft : worthless, free
Germanic 03 ahd
Smug : wetness, figurative slipperiness
English
smuggle
Greek
mUXa : lamp wick
Latin
'
mUCUS : moist
English
match 1 : a piece of wood that catches fire by friction
English
moist, mucus
308
Meuk Mew
Indo-European 03 pok:745
MeLlk: scratch, rub
~~\
W
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:745
musti : fist
Persian 03 BQT:2010; HRN:220
most : fist
K-
Latin 03 pok:745
mucro : sharp point
English 03ahd:860
mUCrO : sharp point of plants
^
Indo-European 03 IEC:1643
A
MeLlk : stocking, boot
Avestan 03 hrn:223
maOC : shoe, boot
Pahlavi 03 bqt:2051
mozag, mucak: shoe,
boot
Persian UJ mon:4432
mCizeh : boot, shoe
dip 4 )y
<0 <UiwM>i>
(3w Jw
W
Avestan 03 SNS:247; HRN:223
paitis-mUXta : to put on (shoes) ®" Par 3
fra-mUXti : to take out (shoes) ®" Par 1
W
L
^
Sanskrit 03 hrn:223
mOC : shoe
Old English 03 IEC:1643
meo, meon : shoe sole
Indo-European 03 pok:743
Mew, Meu 2
: to push away, move
Avestan 03 POK:743; ISS:331
mivamahi : (we) eliminate
a-muyamno : not movable Q
Latin 03ahd
mOVere : to move
Pahlavi 03 ISS:331
mCitak : move
parmutan : to move
English 03 ahd
mobile, momentum, motion, motive, motor, move,
commotion, emotion, promote, remote, remove
309
Mizdho Moiso
W
Indo-European 03 pok:746
MizdllO reward
"~X
Avestan 03 POK:746; KLN:957
mTzda : reward
mizda-Vare : wage earned Bhev 1
W
Sogdian 03 sqd:227
myZCl : reward, salary
Persian ffl BQT:2000; HRN:219
mOZCieh : reward, worthy news
mOZU : wage, pay, salary
mOZuUr : wage earner, mercenary
9
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
medo:
English
meed:
Semitic 03 KLN:928; FVA:384
A
M.l.h:
^
w
Arabic 03 kln:928
m.l.h, milh:
Persian UJ fva:384
melh
-.salt ( £>UI ) wb
Hebrew 03 kln:928
melah : salt
malluh:ma//oivp/an(
Latin 03 kln:928
malva : mallow
English 03 kln:928
mallow, mauve
W
Greek
malaxe : mallow
English 03ahd:1527
malachite : a dark green mineral, copper carbonate
W
Semitic ffl kln:926
malha : salt Name of a Phoenician colony given to a Spanish port.
W
Spanish 03 kln:926
Malaga : a Spanish port
I
French
Malaga
h
Persian ffl M0N6:1883
'
malaga : a Spanish port tS^U
^
English 03 kln:926
Malaga : a Spanish port and its famous v
Moin
see root: Mei 3
Indo-European 03 pok:747
~X
Moiso
: sheep
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:747; SYN:158
maesa : ram
maesT : sheep
Persian UJ BQT:2078; HRN:226
miS : ram h*ja
gavmTS:(juffato®"Gwou J*-"^
310
Mon | Mozgho
Mon
Mono
Mor-to
Morui
see root: Men 3
see root: Men 3
see root: Mer2
see root: Morwi
Indo-European 03 pok:749
A
Morwi, Morui:
Avestan 03 pok:749
maoiri:an(
Pahlavi 03 BQT:2049; SNS:248
mor, morcag : ant
Persian UJ bqt:2049
mur : ant ( <Gl>jy> , <^jy ) jy>
Latin 03ahd
vormica, formica :
French
Persian UJ mon
*Swi3 X~»\ i P3jj5
^
English 03 ahd
formic [acid]
chloroform
^
Indo-European 03 IEC:802
Moudh, Moudhio :
Avestan 03 hrn:224
m6y : groaning
a-mayava : grief
^
4-Pahlavi
03 HRN:224; FFD:77; MON
m6y, moyak : groan/ng
must : groaning, complaint
W
^
Old Iranian 03 ffd:77
maud, mauda : to cry, to
cry, to groan
Persian 03 HRN:224; FFD:77; MON:4080,4433,4455; IEC:802
muy-Tdan : to cry
most : groaning, complaint, sorrow
< 8 jy V '^y '^ 0-^.y
\ ■L-vtya^W* )
r,.
Vfs-o-Ramfn
ib lj ilXo
#'<y
HRN:223 links these to Avestan "ama-yava:grief. See root "Ome".
Moudhio
Mozgho
see root: Moudh
see root: Mozgo
311
Mozgo | M.s.h
Indo-European 03 pok:750; kln:941
MOZgO, MOZghO: marrow
"~X
W
W
^
Avestan
03 POK; KLN; SYN:367
mazga : marrow
Pahlavi
03 BQT:2021
mazg : brain
Persian 03 BQT:2021; SYN:215; MON:4063
magz : brain
mazg : brain
Germanic
mazga
English 03 ahd
Indo-European 03 pok:750
Mregu, Mrgu : < ,t
A
Avestan 03 POK:750; KLN:18
merezu, marazu : short
mereZU-jlti : short lived, fas(®"Gw8i
berez 2 : in short time, fast
bereZ-Caxra : with fast wheels^ Kwsl
Russian 03 syn:969
DOrZOy : a fast running wolfhound
English 03 KLN:188; AHD:153
borZOI : a large slender wolfhound
Latin 03 syn:969
brevis : short
English
brief, abbreviate, abridge
Germanic 03 ahd
miirgja : short, a joy which makes time pass faster
English
merry
^
Greek 03 ahd
braXUS : short
braXOn : upper arm which is shorter than the lower arm
English
brace, embrace, pretzel
Mrgu
see root: Mregu
W I Arabic 03sap:15
Semitic 03 kln:969
~X
M.s.h
: to touch, rub, anoint
masaha : he wiped with hand, covered an area
MaSlh : anointed
masahat : area (covered or wiped)
Persian ffl fva:381
MasTh : the Messiah, Jesus
masahat : surface area
mas-h : to wipe with wet hand
Hebrew 03 kln:969
masiah : anointed
Aramaic
English 03 ahd
Messiah : Jesus
312
M.s.s Mu
Arabic 03 fva:381
~X
M.S.S: to touch
MaSSa : he touched
Persian UJ mon; fva:381
mass : to touch ( ^tj ( ^Ua ) JJi
^ I French 03 F
Persian UJ mon:3697
masaZ : massage \uulfl
^
English 03 kln:944
massage
W
Indo-European 03 pok:752
~X
Mu, Mus
: a mouse, muscle
Sanskrit
mUS : mouse
mUSka : testicle
Persian 03 POK:752; BQT:2053
mUS : mouse
o*y
W
h
Persian 03 POK:752; BQT:2053; MON:4147
mOSk : musk ( SmA ) ^ Sj&
mesk : musk ( SjMtf ) ^ S&A
meskl : musk color, black ( , r *$JL° ) -SjLa
Wl
Greek
Latin
muskus
I French
English
03 AHD:865
musk
W
L
^
Germanic 03 ahd
mUS : mouse
English
Latin 03 ahd
mUS : mouse, muscle
English
muscle
313
Muk Mura
Indo-European 03 pok:752; ieC:814
M U K : pile, peak, spike
~~\
Persian 03 IEC:814; MON:4445
muk : sting
J,
r
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 530
mugon, muhonrheap
English 03 ahd
mOW : heap of grain
OldNorse 03ahd:1530
mugi : heap
Dutch 03aHD:1530
mOCke : thing
male-mOCke : "silly thing", a bird
English 03 ahd
mogul : a mound on a ski slope
English 03 ahd
'
mallemuck: a kind of bird
Persian 03 bqt:2055
A
Mum:
(Y
W
^
Arabic 03 PLA:254; AFM:148
mumiya: wax used
in embalming
Latin
03 SKT:340
French
English 03 kln:1014
mummy, mummery
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:283
~X
Mura
: seal, coin, jewel
Pahlavi 03 KLN:993; ISS:284
mutrak, mudrak:nng
mudar, muhr:sea/
Sogdian 03 ISS:284
mwhrg'n
h
Persian ffl HRN:224; BQT:2062,2068; ISS:284
'
mohr: seal, coin ( Q >&fl i ) Hffonfi ) j**
Hafez jJAi ^\ij ji jfyti J^ly JL^i ^xXp ^>
Sanskrit 03 kln:993
mudra : coin, seal
314
MurvarTt M.v.t
Pahlavi 03 PLA:247; FVQ:261
"~X
MurvarTt:
small pearl
Wl
W
Persian 03 BQT:1997; FVQ:261; KGW:112
morvarid : peari Jjjl « jt
Hafez jjjl ^ ji ^> O <j^y jJ> 3 <J**>^ V O'VM - "^ li j*— ^ £— £y Ja3u> &Jt J-*-J (3$— ^)
BQT derives this word from Greek
Aramaic 03 FVQ:261
W
Arabic
03 FVQ:261; PLA:247
mardjan : pearl, coral
Persian 03 bqt:1981
marjan : coral a(^. j
Hafez }y&$ ^l> yi 3 J J J5 3 0*Xw Jt» <Gj^
Greek
03 AHD:1527; KGW:111; FVQ:261
margarites : pearl
Latin
Wl
Old French
^
English
margarite, margarine,
Margaret, Marjorie,
Margarita, Maggie, Rita
Mus
see root.
Mu
Arabic 03 FVA:384; KLN:946
~x
M.V.t:
W
Arabic
03 FVA:387
maot : death
h
Persian 03 FVA:387; MON:3678,4421
'
mawt, mOWt:deaft
( OW> ) Oy>
mayyet : dead person
CW)
mat : dead, dull, confused
oU
kTs-mat : "king is dead", checkmate ** Ksei 1
Ova J»tf
Molavt OW [»jU U J WjJai <U; j?- .
oLi ^y ^j y j»jjl j> <y
t:
Latin 03 fsd:1526
mattUS : dull, dead
POK:694 derives Latin "mattus" from Indo-European root "Mad: wet".
French
03 FSD:1526
mat : dull
English 03 fsd:526
mat 1 : dull
AHD:805 derives English "mat" from root "Mad".
French 03 PHN:257; DEV:159
mat : defeated
e'chec et mat : checkmate
"checkmate" reached Europe
through debatable paths
English 03 LKT:115; KLN:946
mate 2 : to overcome
checkmate
W
Spanish
03 KLN:946
matar : to km
matador : (bull) killer
French 03 mon:3678
matador
h
Persian ffl mon:3678
'
matador otU
^
English 03 kln:946
matador
315
Na 1 Na 2
N
^
Indo-European 03 pok:755
A
Na 1, Nau, Naus : ■;
Avestan / Old Persian
03 PRT:429; HRN:229; IRN:123
nau, naviya : ship. Also any
groove, line, cavity or trench
used as a guide for carrying
water, grain, arrow, etc.
nav-dan : water path, gutter
^09 2
^
Persian UJ BQT:2110; MON:4644
naV : ship, water path, pipe, river
nav-dan : water way, gutter'^' Da 2
O 1 ^
Persian UJ MON:4645,4650
navanTdan : to bend something (shape like a boat)
ovb^
naVldan : to walk while moving to the sides (like a ship)
0-4 ^
Molavf (_ rw ^a ^C^M-^ C*)y {jy$ CU^iS (--Jj <0 - L^U ^ ^ *-*9 ^ e^J-^ fi
— *&
v k
Persian ffl MON:4649; BQT:2112; FSF:321
naveh : a guide for feeding grains to a mill, a hollow piece of
wood used for carrying mud and cement, the groove on grains, the
hole or guide used for shooting small arrows, the arrow shot this way.
fiavak : a small arrow (shot through a guide)
lS^U
(j;l <c3*yil <o j Jxo ^W •yJS -ijjl <c3*<p Ul> $> ! y 03U jl Jj*
Latin 03ahd
naVIS : ship
English
navy, navigate
Greek 03ahd
naUS : ship
English
nautical, nausea, noise, nautilus, astronaut, cosmonaut, aeronaut
Indo-European 03 pok:754
Na 2 : to help
^\
w
^
Avestan / Old Persian 03 hub:43; hrn:72
pa-natha, pati-natha, pa-nah -. protection help, shelter^ Pa
Persian 03 HRN:72; BQT:418
panah : shelter
tw
316
Nabatu Naema
Akkadian 03akd:60
~X
NabatU : to shine
NabtU, NaptU : light, lamp oil
v*
Aramaic
03 KLN:1027
nafta : on
Arabic
03 KLN:1027
naft : on \aii
V
Persian LLI KLN:1027; BQT:2155; AKD:60; MON:4777
naft : oil, kerosene
cJLi , mj
Khaqanf C*J J>jij y> I J li> J2& - Jiy& ^> O I
j ia^J bo >&
POK:316 & HRN:232 derive "naft" from "Nebh:cloud".
Greek 03 FSD:1649; KLN:1027
naphta : on
SKT:344 derives the Greek
word from Persian "naft: oil".
I
French 03 phn:283
^
Persian 03 mon
naftalin : Naphthalene •_Jkii
^
Latin 03 kln:1027
naphtha
English
naphthalene, naphthol
Indo-European 03 ahd
Nabja : beak
A
^
Persian 03 ISS:143; MON:4857
w
nok, niik : tip, beak Sp
r\u\:beak Jy
Molavt ,V»W "4V^ ^^ J-* 3 / J-* - iVf") J-* lA^V <0 JjiI k) J^ f
Sogdian 03 mon
nwk : beak
w
^
Old English 03 ISS:143
nebb : nose, beak
English 03 ahd
neb, nib, nipple, nibble
Nabtu
see root: Nabatu
Avestan / Old Persian 03 hrn:239; syn:936; brt:1036
Naema : half
This word is cognate with Sanskrit word "nema:half
W
^
Pahlavi
03 BQT:2233; SNS:290
Persian 03 BQT:2233; BRT:1036
Hafez
317
Naeza Namra
Avestan 03 bqt:2226
Na§Za : sharp
point
W
Pahlavi 03 mon:4884
nezak :
^
~X
Persian 03 BQT:2226; PLA:265; SDQ:73; FSF:336
nayzeh : spear, also a flag post ( o'VJ ) o \*3
Old Persian 03 bqt:2107
Nagan, Nagan:
W
Pahlavi
03 BQT:2107; SNS:223
nan : bread
^
Persian LLI BQT:2107; HRN:229; HUB:101
nan : bread, food, sustenance
Nagan
see root: Nagan
Indo-European 03 IEC:825
Naks, Nask:
Avestan 03 IEC:825
naska : thread
Pahlavi 03 mon:4683
h
Persian ffl IEC:825; MON:4683
nax : thread, string «y
Latin 03 IEC:825
naxae: bonds
w
Avestan / Sanskrit 03 hrn:230
Namra:
Pahlavi 03 hrn:230
namr, narm : soft
namrak, narmak: soft
thing, pillow
Persian 03 bqt:2130
narm : soft
Sana? p")) K
^\
W
Arabic 03vdQ:403
namraq:p///ow
namareq : puiows
Persian UJ mon:4815
namraq : piiiow ( ^jUi ( 4^ ) <$y£
W
^
Avestan 03 hrn:230
namra-VaXS : soft sound (voice) ^ Wskw
318
Nana Narda
Indo-European 03 pok:754
~X
Nana, Nena
a child word for mother a nurse
Sanskrit 03 POK:754; KLN:1062
nana : mother
Persian 03 KLN:1062; POK:754; HRN:234
naneh : a slang word for mother or nurse
■Cj
English 03 ahd
nana, nanny
Late Latin 03 ahd
English 03 kln:1062
nun, nunnery
^
Greek 03 pok:754; ahd
nana : aunt
nannus : little old
man, a dwarf
Latin 03ahd:872
nanus : dwarf, short
English 03 AHD:872; KLN:1027
nanO- : a prefix meaning a small amount,
one billionth of a specified unit.
nanosecond, nanometer
Naptu
see root: Nabatu
Sanskrit 03 hjb:642
NarailC|a : orange tree
V k
^
Persian 03 HJB:642; BQT:2095
nareng : a citrus fruit Sij\$
narengT : tangerine S^J^
anar : pomegranate (see SKT:360) J ,^1
IEC:1645 derives "anar" from Indo-European roots "Nor, Anor: juicy"
W
Arabic
naranj
v*
Persian 03 mon
b
narenj : a citrus fruit nj j
Spanish
naranja
Italian
French
English 03 skt:360
orange
Narda
see root.
Nedo
319
Narikelah N.b.b
Sanskrit 03 kln:1028
~X
Narikelah, Narikerah:
W
Pahlavi 03 pla:256
anargTI
Persian 03 AHD:873; BQT:2095
nargTI : coconut \$ M
narg I leh : a water pipe made with coconut shell AJ^J M
W
French 03 ahd:873
narguile: water pipe
^
English
nargeela, narghile:
water pipe
Narikerah
see root: Narikelah
Indo-European 03 POK:755,768
Nas : ,
Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:193
nah, naham:^
Sanskrit 03 knt:193
Germanic 03 ahd
naSO : nose
Latin 03 ahd
naSUS : nose
^\
English 03 knt:193
nose, nostril
English 03 ahd
nasal, naso-
Nask
Nau
Naus
see root: Naks
see root : Na 1
see root : Na 1
Semitic 03 kln:138
N.b.b
: to make hollow, dig a hole
W
Akkadian 03 kln:138; akd:30
nebaba : hole
imbubU: hollow tube
babu : door
bab-ilu : gate to gods^Layb
Aramaic 03 akd:30
Wl
Arabic
► I Hebrew
^
~X
Persian 03 mon
bab 2 : door ' ^j[i
anbub : pipe, flute uJyjl
Babel : Babylonia A)l>
English 03 kln:138
Babel, Babylonia
320
Ndher Ne 1
Ndher
Ndhi
Ndhos
see root: En
see root: En
see root: En
W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:756
W
Indo-European 03 pok:756; knt:167
Ne 1, Nei 3, An A.r
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
na 1, ni 3, naiy : no, not
m-US-tavah: not out of power, strong 1 -^" 'ud 1, Tsu 1
Persian UJ bqt:2210
na : no ( _ to ) 43
nastuh : energetic (fighter) 8al«i
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:757; KNT:167
a- 2, a- 2, an-:
^
Pahlavi 03 BQT:264; KNT:209
a-purn-ay : -not fun ofnfe;
young Aiw
Persian 03 bqt:264
borna:>
b
'/■
Avestan / Old Persian 03 bqt:36,72,788
an-ahita : not dirty, innocent^ Ahu
an-aOSa : not mortal^" 6us 1
a-Zarema-dugeda : ageless woman
a-XSae-na : not bright, dark blue
®"Kssi2
Persian UJ mon, bqt
anahlta : "innocent, pure"
anUSeh : eternal
azarmTdoxt : "ageless woman
( AJkb ) \lfA\i~
xasan :
a blue bird^ Kssi 2
{ }w*wV*iW*' i IwnvSv** / 'luftdfliil*'
w
Avestan / Old Persian 03 bqt:46; pok:594,743
a-karana : endless *" Karana
a-muyamn6 : not movable 1 -^" 'Maw
a-SUf: not morning yet, dawn Keu 4
an-USant : nof raffing, reluctant^ Wsk
Sanskrit 03ahd
a-, an- : nof
Germanic 03 ahd
ne, na, un-
English
no
none
not,
nothing,
nor
neither,
never,
un-
undo
Sogdian 03 S0D:32
n : no, not
n -Krtk : "not done", uncoined silver^^ Kwer
Persian 03 bqt:2157
noqreh : silver 8 ii
Latin 03 ahd
ne : not
ne-ullus : not any, nu//®"l 2
ni-SCtre : not knowing, silly
nek, neg:nof
negare : to negate, deny
Arabic 03 tad:73
naker, n.k.r: to negate,
deny, not recognize
Persian 03 FVA415
enkar: denial j\$j\
^
English 03 ahd
null, nice, negative, neglect, negotiate, deny
321
Ne 1 Ne 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:756; knt:167
Ne 1, Nei 3, An 4 mo, not
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03 ahd
a-, an- : no, not
a-Sema : unstamped (silver) ** Ssma
a-tomOS : "not breakable", atom
a-Sphallein, asphaltOS : "not slippery", aspha/f^Sphallsin
a-sbenunai : "not extinguishable", asbestos ^Gwss
W
Pahlavi 03 knt:209
asem : silver
sTm : silver
Persian 03 KNT:209; BQT; mon
Sim 2 : silver, also referring to
mercury and electric iv/re^^Sema
^ I Latin
French
Persian 03 vop
atom : "not splittable", atom
asfalt : "not slippery" ( cJlLul ( cJlLul ) cJlL»
«il
V k
English 03 ahd
a-, an-, atom, asphalt, asbestos
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
English 03 ahd
in- 2, ineffective
Indo-European 03 pok:758
Ne 2, Nes 2 : our, us
Avestan 03 POK:758; KLN:1683
na 2 : us
ahma, ahmaka
Pahlavi 03 BQT:1931; SNS:232
amag, amah:»
Old Persian 03 SOD:209
amaxam : we
Sogdian 03 sod:206,209
m x, m gw : we
Germanic 03 ahd
uns : us
unsara : our
A
Persian 03 bqt:1931
English
us, our, ours
322
Nebh Nebh
W
Indo-European 03 pok:315
~X
Nebh : cloud
Nembh : moisture
Ombhl"0:ra/n
Avestan 03 pok:316
nab, napta ■. humidity,
moisture
Pahlavi
03 HRN:232; SNS:282
namb : moisture
Persian 03 POK:316; BQT:2167; HRN:232
nam : moisture
£,
Persian ffl SNS:282; HRN:232; BQT:2155; POK:316
naft : oil, kerosene ( laiti ) C-Ju
Ferdowsr Jjji j y^ j cU*0 ^uJJJb <W& _ Jjji 'j jjjl Jz3\ CU&Xj J t— -**jO
See BQT:2155 and Akkadian root "Nabatu:to shine" for another derivation.
v*
Avestan 03 BQT:2170; MON:4818
nemadhka:
W
Persian UJ BQT:2170; MON:4818
namak : salt, charm ( ^liiej < ,VX«5 , lX«51> ) lX«5
Sogdian 03 SQP:239
nm'dk:sa/f
w
w
Avestan 03 KLN:772; POK:316; SNS:11
awrem, awra, awar -.ctoud
BQT:79 derives these from Sanskrit
"ab-bhra: water carrier".
See roots "Ab 1"&"Bher 1"
Pahlavi 03snS:11
awr, avr, abr : ctoud
abr-amun-. cloudy
Persian 03 POK:316; SNS:11
abr : cloud
abramun : cloudy
Latin 03ahd
NeptunUS : sea god
French
H
^
Latin
Persian 03 mon
Neptune ^^
English
Neptune
English
nebula, nimbus
323
Ned Nedo
W
Indo-European 03 pok:758
~X
Ned:
Avestan
03 POK:759
naska : book
Pahlavi
03 MON
nask : book
W | Germanic 03ahd \ >-
Persian ffl BQT:2140; MON:4727
naSK : Zoroastrian book or any section of it lS*«3
Arabic B3vdq:400
naSX : written text
Persian ffl fva:399
nOSXeh : copy, prescription (' «^J ) aJu^
English
net 2 : mesh
^
Latin 03ahd
nodus : knot
nectere : to tie
English
node, annex, connect
W
Indo-European 03 pok:759; bqt:2221
NedO, Narda : reed, pipe, flute
^\
Old Persian
03 HRN:237
nada : flute
►
Persian 03 POK:759; BQT:1185,2104,2221; MON:2957
nai, nay, nal -.flute, windpipe
Jb < jj < Lib
SUmay , Soma : a ftute played at festivities^' Ksu 4
U W« *(JjjU)tt*tf
koma : a horn played at war^^ Koro
(Lib/ > b/
qaraney : black flute ®" Kar 2
Molavt <$ tjj It <ulj «it> I j U Ji jj_w_L . <\^
f"i/
4^jU
t
w
Sanskrit
03 POK:759; HRN:237
nadah : reed
naladam, nalada
Persian 03 SKT:344; HRN:237; BQT:2093
nard 2 : spikenard . j^ M i } M i ' } y
W
Arabic 03 pla:257
nard
W
^
Greek
nardos
Latin
nardus
English 03 kln:1028
nard, spikenard
324
Nei 1 I Nei 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:760
Nei 1, Ni 2
PART 1
~X
to shine, to be excited
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Old Persian 03 POK:760; KNT:192; AIN:59; SPG:227
ni 3, naiba : beautiful, brave, good
W
W
^
Pahlavi 03 SNS:291; BQT:2237; AIN:60
nev : brave
nev-ak : good
U
Persian 03 KLN:1033; BQT:2127; TZF:20
NlV : brave
nard 1 : backgammon, distorted form of "Nfv ArdeshTr"^^ Ar
nik : good, pure ( ^XJ ) S*j
Ferdowsr w-i n j%> 3 JiWj_3 3 <v$ j-> ^> - W 3 ^l^iS ) j^y y% 3 ^w ¥£
w
Persian 03 pla:27
abnik : good (distilled) water?^ Ab 1
uXo ^
Greek 03 web:44
ambix : a cup used
in distilling water
Arabic 03 WEB:44; PLA:27
al-anbTq, al-ambTq : distilling apparatus
May have been derived from Greek "ambix" which
is related to the Persian word (WEB:44 & TAD:4).
Persian UJ mon:362
anbTq : distilling 'L*j\
apparatus
W
Spanish 03 kln:47
alambique:
distilling apparatus
French 03 kln:47
alambic
May be through
Latin "alambicum"
English
alembic
W
Persian
runikrbeauf/fa/^Leudh ( « £j ) lSLJjj
W
Arabic ffl AFM:74; FVF:297
fc
'
raonaq : beauty, splendor
Persian ffl mon:1694
rOWnaq : splendor, success
&3J
Latin 03 kln:1033
ni-tere : to shine
English
neat
net 1 : pure
325
Nei 1 Neia
Indo-European 03 pok:760
Nei 1, Ni 2
PART 2
~X
to shine, to be excited
SEE OTHER PART ( S ) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
Sanskrit
03 POK:760; UNV:51
nili, nilah : da* Mue
nilotpala : blue lotus
Persian 03 bqt:2231
nil : Indigo
ITIak : lilac
Farrokhf Sfstanf
Arabic
laylak
| Spanish
^+- 1 French
Arabic
03 AHD:52
al-nil : the indigo
► | Portuguese
W
^
French
03 AHD:52
aniline
English
03 AHD:757
lilac
- Englisr
03 AHD:52
anil, aniline
Persian
03 MON:98
analin
CfifM"
Indo-European 03 pok:760
~X
Nei 2, Neia, NT 3:
to lead, guide
W
^
Avestan / Old Persian
03 KLN:1026; HRN:265; SYN:712; POK:760; KNT:193
ni 2, nay : to guide
nayeiti : leads
f ra-nay : leads forward^ Par 1
Pahlavi 03 hrn:265
nitan : to lead
anTtan : to bring
Nei 3
Neia
see root : Ne 1
see root: Nei 2
32!
Nek1 Neks
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:762
~X
Nek 1 : to destroy
Sanskrit ffl POK:762; BQT:1471; HRN:285
fiasa : to disappear
pra-naca : to be finished
pra-nac : absent, absent minded
Persian ffl HRN:182; BQT:1471
famas : dumb, crazy
Onsorf Balxf
l**tf
iUJlj <w
5?
Avestan
03 POK:762; KLN:1059; SYN:290; KNT:192
nasayeti, nashta: disappear
naSU, naS 1 : corpse, decayed body
naSU-paka : corpse burner'^' Pskw
Pahlavi
03 SNS:272
nasa, nasay:
corpse
Persian 03 BQT:2136; MON:4714
nasa : corpse, corruption V*J
Jj )JjU >
Zartosht-Nameh
4^
^
Old Persian
03 KNT:192,193
nath : perish
Vi-nath : injure,
harm^'wi
Pahlavi 03 BQT:1836; SNS:282; MAG:186
vinas, vinah, gunah : destruction, £
h
Persian 03 bqt:1836
gonah : sin t\£
Arabic 03 VDQ:38; MAG:186
Jonah :
W
W
Latin 03ahd
nOCere 2 : to harm
nOXa : injury
^
Greek 03ahd
nek-tar : death overcoming drink^Tev 1
Persian 03 mon:1243,1245
Jonah :
( <toi? ) T W»
English
nuisance, innocent
noxious, obnoxious
English
nectar, nectarine
Nek 2
see root.
Neku
Sanskrit 03 hrn:238
Neks:
to pierce
W
^
Pahlavi
03 BQT:2228; HUB:104
nes : sting
nes-tar : a sharp,
pointed too^ Der 1
Persian 03 BQT:2228; SYN:565
i/*S>
n\S: sting
nTstar : a sharp tool, tooth
Ferdowst 'j\ A tj^i J*o ^jjj } ;IJ - ;l 5 (jy? y**~£ 3 •"> J'^ 3 r*
327
Neku Nekwt
W
Indo-European 03 pok:316; kln:524
~X
Neku, Nokut, Nek 2, Nk, Enek, Enk:to reach,
Avestan
03 KLN:524; SYN:707; BRT:1067
naS 2 : to attain, reach
nas : to carry
nasaiti : he reaches
fra-nas : to tang ®" Par 1
asnaoti : he arrives at
asa 2 : parcel, shipment
W
W
L
^
Old Persian 03 tzf:62
as 2, asa : to arrive, come
It is not certain if these words
belong to this family of words.
Persian 03 tzf:62
aSldan : to arrive, come /\»L**u I
Fakhr Gorganf
Germanic 03 ahd
ga-noga : not little, sufficient
English 03 kln:524
enough
Germanic 03 ahd
bher-nk : to arrive carrying (something), bring Bbev 1
English
bring
Nekw
Nekwt
see root: Noktis
see root: Noktis
32S
Nem 1 Nemata 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:763
NeiTI 1 : to assign, take
~~\
Avestan
03 POK:763; KLN:1048
nemah 1 : loan,
what is given
back, a prayer
Pahlavi 03 brt:1070
namac : prayer
BQT:2167, POK:764 and SYN:544
derive this word from Old Persian
"nam: to bow in respect". See "Nem 2"
Persian 03 bqt:1070
namaz : prayer jt^J
V
w
Greek 03ahd
nomOS : law
I
Arabic
03 BQT:2106; MON:4629
namUS : law, rules
Persian
namUS : rules, dignity, family
i/yls
Latin 03ahd
numerUS : a portion, a number
English 03 ahd
-nomy, economy, astronomy
Italian
Arabic 03 M0N:4815
nomreh
Persian 03 M0N:4815
nomreh : number
( Ol j*)j ) o j*)j
French 03 ahd
nombre
English 03 ahd
number, numerous
Wl
Different Languages 03 ahd
^
English 03 ahd
numb, nomad
Indo-European 03 pok:764
A
NGITI £ : to bend, bow in respect,
also brush wood and twigs
W
^
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:764; WLD2:234; SYN:544
nam : to bend, bow
nemah 2 : bowing in respect
namaiti : bends
fra-namaiti, apa-namaiti
nemata 1 : twigs
Pahlavi 03 bqt:2167
namac : bowing, prayer
BRT:1070 derives it from
Avestan "nemah: what one
owes." See root "Nem 1".
Persian 03 BQT:2167; FSF:328
namaz : prayer
Ferdowsf
Avestan ffl nyb:135
~X
Nemata 2, Nimata
: straw, grass
Pahlavi 03 NYB:135; HRN:233
namat : felt rug or cloth
Sogdian 03 SOD:240
nmt:fe/(
Persian 03 BQT:2169; KLN:1026
namad : a thick felt cloth
■Lh>
325
Nembh | Neptis
Nembh
Nena
see root: Nebh
see root: Nana
A
W
Indo-European 03 pok:764; ieC:836
Nep6t: grandson
NeptiS : grand daughtei
Avestan / Old Persian
03 KLN:1039; POK:764; KNT:193; MFL:102; IEC:836
napat, napa : grandson
naptis : grand daughter
W
Pahlavi 03 phd:57
nab : grandchild
W
^
Latin 03 KLN:1039; POK:764
nepOS : grandson
Old French 03 ahd
neveu : nephew
Persian
03 BQT:21 17,2208; HRN:234; IEC:836; MON
naveh : grandchild ay
nabas : daughter's child ( <U„J ) y**j
Amfr Khosrow
English
nephew, niece
Neptis
see root: Nepot
330
Ner1 Ner1
W
Indo-European ffl pok:765
NOP 1 : vital energy, man
^\
Avestan 03 POK:765; SYN:81; HRN:238
nar, nairya : man, male
nake-manaw : manly mannered^ Men 1
nairyava : manliness, strength
Persian 03 BQT:1796,2126,2132,2225
nar : male
y
Nanman : "like a man", a male name
d^ij
niru : strength
iT* 5
Avestan 03 pok:765
naif! : female, lady, woman
Pahlavi 03 SNS:264
nayfig : (pious) woman
Avestan 03 pok:765
hu-nara : good virtue, sM/^Su 1
Persian 03 bqt:2381
honar : skill, virtue, art
r*
Greek 03 ahd; kln:47
a-ner, andros : man
a\ex-ar\dms : protector of men^ Mak
philo-anthropOS :fond of people^ Bhili
W|Syriac 03 \
English 03 ahd
android
Alexander, Andrew
philanthropy
Arabic 03vdQ:108
EdrTs : name
of a prophet
Persian 03 MON5:109
EdrTs : a prophet J-iJ^i
V*
^
Arabic
Eskander : Alexander
Persian UJ M0N5:144
Eskandar jjj,Sw»l
331
Ner 2 Nes 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:975; kln:1028
~X
Ner 2, Nerq, Sner, Snerq
to turn twist
Greek 03 POK:975; KLN:1028; SKT:344; PRT:427
narke : cramp, numbness
narkisSOS : a beautiful flower plant known
for the seductive properties of its flowers
WPahlavi 03 bqt:2129
narkis :
narcissus
Persian 03 bqt:2129
nargeS : narcissus ^5 j
nargeseh : star, sky &J$ i
nargesT : a food ^o i
A'mfd Lobakf
W | Latin 03 kln:1028 \ >-
v
' ' ^ | French | ►
M
English 03 ahd:872
narcissus
English
narcotics
^
Germanic 03 ahd
Snarwa : cord, trap
narwa : narrow
English
snare, narrow
Nerq
see root: Ner 2
Indo-European 03 pok:766
A
NGS 1 : to join, reunite, return, be safe
Avestan ffl pok:766
asta 2 : home, residence
Greek ffl pok:766
naOS : temple, sanctuary
W
Syriac
03 MON:4649
naUSa : grave,
cemetery
Arabic 03 mon:4649
naVUS : tomb,
underground
cemetery
Persian
UJ MON:4649; BQT:2086
navus
temple,
cemetery,
church
^\i , ^\i , ^b
d^i
L«XJ>- j Uj-> j ij"/) f <-"~i
Khaqanf
,_j)y>-
g t\ Jwi 3 ^33w 3 ou ^r^.
Greek 03 ahd
nOStOS : a return home
English 03 ahd
nostalgia
Germanic 03 ahd
naS-ja : food for journey
English 03 ahd
harness
Nes 2
see root.
Ne2
332
Neu Newn
Indo-European 03 pok:767
NeU : to cry
"~X
W
^
Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:77
nard : to cry
Persian 03 ffd:77
nalTdan : to moan ( Jte ( i]\j ) AxJb
HUB:103 derives "nalfdan" from Sanskrit "nard: to cry".
Sanskrit 03 pok:767
nav, navate, nauti :
to cry
Persian UJ HRN:149,236; BQT:2209; MON:4859
nOVtdan : to cry i)M&
Zenudan : to cry, moan ( Ajyj , ^Ajjyj ) (j^yj
Labfbr JjyM j>&JkJ> i J»\ <UU jl <0 _ Jjy ^L> ^\±i < r J^ ^l Jj> ^J^'j
w
^
Latin 03 pok; ahd
nuntium:
English
announce, pronounce
Neudh
see root: Sneudh
Indo-European 03 pok:318
Newn :
Avestan 03 pok:318
nava 1 , nauma : nine
navaiti : ninety
nava-dasa : nineteen ^Dekm
Old Persian 03 bqt:2210
navama : ninth
Germanic 03 ahd
niWUm : nine
Latin 03 ahd
nOVem : nine, ninth month
nona : ninth hour after sunrise (noon)
Pahlavi 03 bqt:2210
~x
h
Persian ffl bqt:2195
'
noh : nine 43
English
nine, ninety, nineteen
English
November
noon
333
Newo Newo
^
Indo-European 03 POK:769,770; AHD:1531
~x
NeWO : new
N U : new time, now
Avestan 03 POK:769,770; KLN:1059; KNT:194; IEC:854
nava 2 : new
nu, nurem: now
Persian UJ BQT:2173; HRN:236
nOW : new
aknun, knun: now
,^
V*
Pahlavi
03 MON:4859
nTved : good r,
Persian 03 IEC:842; MON:4859
nOVtd : good r,
■H? 3
XyM j oU> j jfyj* <0 CUjlii j ?C& Jjy - Xww) oLJOo jfwaXfl CU>I j <6 w
Sogdian ffl sod:246
Old Persian 03 pok:770; knt:194
nuram: now
Germanic 03ahd:1531
neuja : new, now
Greek 03ahd
Latin 03ahd
nOVUS : new
English
new, now
English
neo-, neon
English
nova, novel, novice
innovate, renovate
334
NT 1 Nimata
W
Indo-European ffl kln:1042
Nil: down, below
Avestan / Old Persian ffl kln:1042
ni 1 : down
w
w
Avestan / Old Persian
03 BQT:2134,2145,2147,2201; POK:884
ni-jan : put down, sad 1 * Gwhsn 2
ni-had, ni-shidhaiti : to sit down ®"ssd
ni-XSVaepa : down slope ^Xshvaspa
ni-pais : write down ^Psig
ni-part : fight down®" Par 3
ni-Vart : roll down®" War 2
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:235,454; BQT:2211; HRN:238
ni-da: to lay down, hide^Dhel
ni-gaosa : to listen ®"0us 1
ni-gama : (place for) inserting down ^Gwa
ni-kasa:/ook®"Kwsk
ni-aZ : that which pushes you down, need
^Angh
W
Avestan / Old Persian
03 BQT:2171; HRN:233
m-ma : measure down, show Me
nT-gaona : downward^" Gsu 1
W
Avestan 03 SOD:237,244,252
ni-gerepta : pressed down ^Ghrebh
ni-yastaya : to settle down establish^" Sta
ni-paidhya : to lie down (step down) *" Pad?
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1042
nith : below
nist : place to sit down, nest
~~\
Persian 03 bqt
nazand : sad, put down Jj'U
nesastan : to sit down ( _Ji3 ( • fa ^£i ) • JUJij
naSID : down slope u-wji3
nevestan : to write down y-""V
nabard : fight .> „j
navardidan : to mil ( $ ^ ) ^jj ^ ^
h
Persian
nahadan : to lay down
<oW>) CPW>
niUSldan : to listen
[1»LmW6bO
mam : sheath
fLj
negah : look
«lSj
ntaz : need
j^ 5
J»y Cj Ju- ^ 3 (V )' J*y£ J*$& J*y M
Hafez '
jA— w ' J^_w vj V
Persian 03 mon:4812
nemudan : to display \i y,i
nemaTdan : to represent AXoUi
(jvlai 1 oJJoU5 , JiJloi 1 U5
negun : downward (^y\jj^i , jLiyi ) ^yi
English
beneath, underneath
nest
Ni 2
NT 3
Nimata
see root,
see root,
see root.
Nei 1
Nei2
Nemata 2
335
Nimbu Nis
Sanskrit / Malaysian 03 skt:295; hjb:514
NTlTl b U , L\mU : lemon, lime
W
Persian ffl BQT:1922; MON:3671
ITmU : lemon, lime
yj-J
r
Turkish
► —
limon
^
Arabic
ITmah
\
^»
•Spanish
lima
French 03vop:319
limon, limonad
I
French
^
English
03 KLN:890; AHD:758
lime : a citrus fruit
~~\
h
Persian B3vop:319
'
ITmonad : lemonade JlbwsJ
English 03 KLN:878; AHD:748
lemon, lemonade
Persian UJ V0P:314
laym : a drink
ri*
Indo-European 03 kln:1049
Nis
W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:193; kln:1049; dza:57 !►
niS, nij:away, off out
nis-bar : to carry out^ Bhsr
W
Sanskrit 03 AHD:889; KLN:1049
nir-Vanah : blowing out, extinction^ We 1
v»
^
Persian ffl mon:4882
English P3AHD:889
nirvana : extinction of soul by absorption wU wj
into the Supreme Being
Nirvana : extinction of soul by absorption into the Supreme Being
336
Nitiru Nobh
Akkadian 03akd:61
~X
Nitiru :
natron; carbonate of soda
W
Hebrew
03 AKD:61; KLN:1031
nither, nether:
natron
Greek
03 KLN:1049
natron
Arabic
03 KLN:1031
natrun
Persian 03 mon:4745
natrun : sodium
OX
Jai
W
Spanish 03 kln:1031
natron
English
natron
W
Latin 03 kln:1049
nitrum : natron
natrium : sodium
w
French 03 kln
nitre : nitrate
of potassium
Persian 03 mon:4880
nitric : nitric
nitrat : nitrate
nitrogen : nitrogen
I ^X> >
^
^
English 03 ahd; kln
nitre, nitrate, nitric, nitrogen, nitroglycerine
Nk
see root.
Neku
Indo-European 03 pok:314
Nobh, Ombh, Mbh:
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:314
naf, nafah, nafa, naf6:r
Sanskrit 03 SNS:258; POK:314
nabh, nabhi : nave, family, race
h
Persian 03 KLN:1032; HRN:228; BQT:2100
naf : nave 3b
nafeh : musk bag 43b
Germanic 03 ahd
nabo
Latin 03 ahd
umbilicus:
English
nave, navel, auger
English
umbilicus
337
Nog | Nogh
W
Indo-European 03 IEC:848, 1236
~X
N6g, Sndg : whim, triviality, fancy
Old Iranian 03 ffd:77
naZ : happiness, pride
W
Pahlavi 03 ffd:77
naZ : to be happy, mince
naCUk : delicate
Persian 03 FFD:77; HRN:228
naZ : affected manners, pride
naZOk : thin, delicate
j*Ofl '£)£■ (jy% jXi <0 *!&]£ <0 lj} jU
v*
^
Greek 03 IEC:848,1236
nogla : snacks
Latin 03 IEC:848,1236
nugae, nogae: trifles
Indo-European 03 pok:780
Nogh, Onogh, ■
~X
W
W
^
Sanskrit
03 POK:780; SNS:258
nakha, naxa:
Pahlavi
03 SNS:258; HRN:228
naxun : nail
Persian
03 POK:780; BQT:2089; SYN:245; KLN:1028
naxon : nan
Cr^
Germanic 03 ahd
nagla : nan
English
nail
338
Nogw | Nokut
Indo-European 03 pok:769
NogW : naked
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:769; KLN:1026; SYN:325
magna : naked
See "Bunai: naked" for another possible root
Pahlavi 03 ISS:256
brahnak : naked
Persian 03 ISS:256; MON:517
berehneh : naked
See "Bunai: naked" for
another possible root.
&&j>
Germanic 03 ahd
nakw-eda
Latin 03 ahd
fc
'
nUfJUS : naked
English
naked
English
nude
Indo-European 03 IEC:364
Gumnos, Gunos
beautiful, naked
r
^
L
Latin 03 IEC:364
VinnUS : wanton
Persian
UJ IEC:364
; MON:4760
na-gam : not beautiful, ugly^ Ne 1
Naser-Khosrow | * .£_aIjL5
3 Oj y> ^
Greek 03 ahd
gumnOS : naked
gumnazein : to train naked
French
Persian UJ mon:1779
Zimnasttk : gymnastics lXnL*»U*>j
^
^
English
gymnasium, gymnastics, gym
Indo-European 03 POK:762; AHD:1530; IEC:850; SYN:992
Noktis, Nekw, Nekwt,™:;
A
V
Old Persian 03 IEC:850
naktin : night
Sanskrit 03 IEC:850; KLN:1047
naktih : night
naktam : at night
Germanic 03 pok:762
naht : night
English 03 KLN:1047; ahd
night, nightingale
Latin 03 pok:762
nOX, nOChl: night
nOCtua : night owl
English 03 ahd
nocti-, nocturnal
noctule
Greek 03 pok:762
nUX, nukti : night
English 03 ahd
nyctalopia
Nokut
see root.
Neku
339
Nomn Nu
W
Indo-European 03 pok:321
Nomn, Enomri: I™
~X
Avestan 03 POK:321; KNT:193
nama, naman : name
dus-naman: dad name ®"Dus
Persian 03 BQT:2106; HRN:229
nam : name
dosnam : a curse
nameh : letter, book
f b
Old Persian 03 knt:193
naman : name
Germanic 03 ahd
English
Latin 03 ahd
English
noun, nominal, nominate, denominate, pronoun, nomenclature
Greek 03 ahd
Onoma : name
English
synonym, antonym, anonymous
Indo-European 03 IEC:1645
N6r, AriOT : watery, juicy
A
Pahlavi 03 I EC: 1645
anar : pomegranate
Armenian 03 I EC: 1645
num, nran:pomegranafe
Persian ffl MON:4557; IEC:1645
anar : pomegranate
< jb > p
Ferdowsr Jj^l jU^> O^jJ (JlJ>
-Jij^l juol U Jlyijjli
SKT:360 links this word to Sanskrit "Naranga
orange tree"
Nu
see root: Newo
340
w
Semitic 03 kln:982
N . W. T : to shine, light up
Arabic 03 KLN:963,982
mir: light
nar : fire
manareh : candlestick, lighthouse, minaret
V k
W
^
Hebrew 03 kln:963
menorah : candlestick
ab-ner : my father is light^ Ab 2
N.w.r | Nyaka
~X
h
Persian 03 MON; SAP:1734; FVA:418
'
nUT: light (jy\, jljjl) jy
manar : minaret ( ojUjo ) jUja
nar : fire M
English 03 kln:982
minaret
English
menorah, Abner
Avestan / Old Persian 03 syn:110; knt:194
Nyaka, Nyaka : grand parent
w
~x
Pahlavi 03 BQT:2221; UNV:52
niyak, niyakan : grandparents
Persian 03 BQT:2221; HRN:238
niya : ancestor
•tfl>.
yovHyy-^ 1 ? yy /<;<"- yo*
'A
'jU LJ |W> ) 5 O ,'r^t
^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:16
^
apa-nyaka : great grandfather, ancestor'^' Apo
Nyaka
see root: Nyaka
341
Obhi Okto
o
Obhi
see root: Ambhi
Indo-European 03wld1:167
Oies -.poie
W
^
Avestan 03 SYN:496; BRT:32
► —
Persian 03 HRN:114; BQT:803; MON:1465
aesa 2 : pole, plow shaft
XIS 2 : plow or wagon pole ' i*>&> < y**S>
xTskai": farmer ' jl$JSjJ>- < jl$JSwJ>-
Fsrdowst j\$ i_J» fij-f (US jSjIy _ jlji>J-p JjJJI *-*! «t> [US
Oi-no
see root: 1 2
Indo-European 03 pok:775
Okto
: e/g/7f
Sanskrit 03 DVS:130
astau : eight
^\
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:775; kln:504; gpl:41
h
Persian 03 bqt:2238
hast : eight cJiA
asta 3 : eight
asta-dasa : s/g/jtesn t **Dekm
astati, astaiti : e/ghfy
Germanic 03 ahd
fc fc
English
eight, eighteen, eighty
ahto
Greek 03 ahd
►
French
h
Persian 03 mon:164
Okto : eight
0kt6-p0US : eight legged^ Pad
octopode
Latin 03 ahd
fc fc
English
October, octagon, octave
octo
342
Oku Olena
W
Indo-European 03 pok:775
~X
OkU:
Avestan 03 pok:775
asya : faster
aS-istO : fastest^ Isto
Pahlavi 03 BQT:71; SOD:10
ahiik 1, ahiig: a fast running
animal, deer
Persian 03 mon:109
ahlJ 1 : deer \ ,
W
Sogdian 03 SOD:10
as'wk' : deer, gazelle
^
Avestan / Old Persian
03 BRT:458
karsi-ptan : swil f/y/ng®" Pat 1
Compare with Latin "acu-pedius"
Pahlavi 03 hrn:191
karsift: a fast 6/rcf
Persian
03 BQT:1652; MON:2988; HRN:191
kasak : a bird, I
"'e Sj6
W I Latin 03 AHD; POK:775,826
acu : swift
aCU-pediuS, aCCi-piter : fast flying (bird), fa/con®" Pat 1
English 03ahd:9
aCCipiter:ahau*
w
Greek
03 FSD:1707?
6kys : swift
Greek
03 FSD:1707; TAD:5
6keanOS : swift, ocean
KNT:164 derives this word from
Greek "Keanos:lying, siting".
See Root "Keanos".
Arabic 03 tad:5
OqyanUS : ocean
^
Persian 03 mon:327
OqyanUS : ocean .fyUI
W
^
Latin 03ahd:909
OCeanUS : ocean
English 03 ahd
Indo-European 03 pok:775
L/KW : eye, to see
A
W
W
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:775
as I, aXSI: eyes
aiwi-aXSi : to oversee ^Ambhi
Pahlavi
ni-as, niS:to ivafch
Persian 03 bqt:2143
nesan : a mark,
sign, medallion
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 467
augon : eye
Vind-auga:w/ndeye (opening) ** We 1
English
eye
window
Greek 03 ahd
OpSIS : sight
English 03 ahd
optic, autopsy, synopsis
Ol 1
OI2
Olena
see root : Al 1
see root: Ul
see root: El 3
343
Ombh | Opi
Ombh
Ombhro
see root: Nobh
see root: Nebh
Indo-European 03 pok:778
A
Ome :
to move with energy
<+
W
Avestan ffl POK:778; SYN:298
ama : strength, attack (injury) force
ama-yava : injury, annoyance, grief
arsa-ama : with power of a bear^Rktho
Persian UJ bqt:31
AfSam : "strong as a bear",
a male name
((-Us/) fiA,
^
Sogdian 03 SQD:e
am n : power, force, strength
Ono
Onogh
see root: An 2
see root: Nogh
W
Indo-European 03 pok:780
L/p : work, produce in abundance
Avestan 03 pok:780
hu-apah, hv-apah : good wo*®"su 1
afnah : possessions
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:436
XWp : good
V
Germanic 03 ahd
oft : frequently
^►l Latin 03/
OpUS : work
OptimUS : with most production or possessions
CO-Op : plenty
OptlO : choice (from abundance)
Opi-facium : work to be done, dufy^Dhs 2
Wl
French
^
~X
Persian 03hrn:111
XLjb : good, nice
Uj>
English
often
Persian UJ mon
Jf^ ' U'
Opi
see root.
Epi
344
Opop | 6s
Indo-European 03 pok:325
OpOp : a bird sound
~~\
Persian 03 POK:325; BQT:424; IRT:46
pupil : a bird with tall crown and long beak (<U V < ^S^eS) a^a^
W
^
Latin 03 POK:424; AHD:633
upupa
English
hoopoe
Or
see root: Er 1
Indo-European 03 pok:782
A
Org hi -.testicle
Avestan 03 POK:782; KLN:1092; SYN:257
erezi, arazi : fesfc/es
Greek 03 pok:782
OrXIS : orchid flower
named after its
testicle-shaped root
Latin
orchis
French
h
Persian
Orkldeh : orchid e±£s\
*— English 03 AHD:924; KLN:1092
^
orchid
Os
see root: Ous 2
345
Ost Ous 1
^
Indo-European 03 pok:783
~X
Ost : bone
See the note under root "Kostrib bone"
Avestan
03 SYN:207; POK:783; KLN:1099
ast, aSCU : bone
aSCa : shin bone
Pahlavi
03 BQT:124; HRN:20
astag, astak: bone
astUXan : bone
Persian UJ mon
ast 2 : bone
V .. I
OStOXan : bone
q\&£>&**>\
hasteh : core
C#*&
XastU : core
^
Old Persian 03 tzf:26
ast : bone
Sogdian 03 S0D:67
'stk: bone
Latin 03ahd
OS 1 : bone
English
os, ossify
^
Greek 03ahd
Osteon : bone
OStreon : oystei
English
osteo- , oyster
Indo-European 03 POK:78,785; KLN:126,494
~x
OUS 1, AU 1, AUS 1 :e
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
W
Avestan 03 POK:78; HRN:8; KLN:126
aVIS, aVISiya : heard,
known, clear
Persian
askar:c/ear, c
j\SS\
Avestan 03 pok:785
USI : two ears, intelligence, mortal life
USi-data : intelligent^' D6 2
Persian 03 pok:785
hlUS 1 : intelligence ' l^'A
Uusyar : intelligent jL&Jfc
Avestan 03 BQT:178; FSF:51
an-aOSa : without a mortal life
w
Pahlavi 03 bqt:178
anOSak : eternal life
anosak-ruvan : with
eternal spirit
Persian ffl BQT:178; FSF:51
anUSeh : eternal, happiness, wine
Oyl
AnOSiravan : "with eternal spirit"
ob.wM
jUj4^ ijjl <0
^l wo c-i£ 3X3
Ferdowsf j0 j« j J1&.J
[>
(£Jj 4_Jjyl
^
^
Persian UJ ARM:206; HRN:30
nUS : drink (for eternal life)
r\USm : sweet drink
nUSldan : to drink
34!
Ous 1 Ous 1
W
Indo-European 03 POK:78,785; KLN:126,494
OUS 1, AU 1, AUS 1 -.ear
PART 2
"~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Indo-European
03 POK:457
GPlOSh: ear
Derivation from this
root is not certain.
r
W | Greek 03/
Avestan
03 POK:457; BQT:1858
gaOSa : ear
gaOSa-Vare : carried by trie ear
^Bher 1
Persian
gUS:ear
gUSVareh : earrings
W
Avestan 03 pok:454
ni-gaOSa : to listen
Persian 03 BQT:2239; MON:4746
nTusTdan : to listen ( ijiyi ) AXw&aJ
nagusidan : to listen (ejiyo) ^xJiyo
Ferdowst JZjb yS (JlaXJjl) Am\ jX)
V*
Pahlavi ffl etm:71
ni-gOSag : one who listens, referred to the followers of
the Mam religion. It was later used to mean a "non-Moslem"
^
Persian 03 ETM:71; MON:4746
naghusa : ( Jbjw ) Uyu
The followers of Mam religion
Daqfqf
W I Germanic B3ahd I*-
English
English
anesthesia
w
^
Latin 03ahd
audire : to hear
English
audio, audience, audit, obey
347
Ous 2 | Ozgho
W
Indo-European 03 pok:784
~X
OUS 2, OS, AUS 3 : mouth, lip
Avestan
03 POK:785; SYN:228; KLN:1091; BQT:1049
ah : mouth
aosta, aostra : up
UZ-ah, Za 2 : push out of opening,
give birth^" Ud 1
Za-dhana : child holder, wom(j c *"Dh82
Za-ap : spring, river'^' Ab 1
Persian 03 MON:1763; IRN:108
Zeh 2 : to give birth ( ^XJt\ j , {)i~Aj ) ' oj
zehdan : womb o'-^j
Zahab : river, spring ( u*>l j ) u*>U& j
•^V ^ L?i j' J^ "^ J^ P^ ^ f J^
W
^
Latin 03 AHD:929; kln
OS 2, 6r -.mouth, face
OSClllum : a face mask fjung from a free
to swing(oscillate) in the wind
English
oral, orifice, oscillate; usher
Ow
i
Owo
~~i
Owyo
~~i
Ozdo
~~i
see root: Aw
see root: Aw
see root: Aw
see root: Ozgho
Indo-European 03 pok:786
~X
OzgPlO, OzdO : branch, bud, offspring
Pahlavi 03 POK:786; IEC:863
azg : branch, offspring
Sanskrit 03 IEC:863
adgah : sfaft
h
Persian 03 BQT:114,115; IEC:863; MON:218
'
azg : branch, shoot ^ S)\ , f )\ t ? M < fjl
azm : child (>j|
Old Norse 03ahd:910
Oudi : bud, point, triangle,
third or any odd number
English
odd
34S
Pa Pa
P
^
Indo-European
03 POK:787,842; SYN:103; KAS:10
r3 : to protect, to feed
r3"lGr : protector, feeder (of the family),
father^" Ter 3
Poti, Potil: protector,
husband, power, also self
This has probably started as a nursery word
and became a usual term in the Indo-European
languages. Compare with the root "Baba".
Avestan / Old Persian
03 HRN:41,72; KLN:114; AHD:1532
pa 1 : to guard
<,
4-Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:842; HRN:41; KLN:144,157; AHD:1532
paiti 1, patiy, pavan, pana: master,
protector
pathra: protection
fsu-paiti : cattle protector,
shepherd^ Pek
paiti-XSathra : protecting king cr Ksei 1
W
Avestan 03 POK:842; SNS:267
PART 1
A
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Persian
03 BQT:358,1069; KLN:169; FSF:335; TZF:21
payidan : to watch <^, r J^.&ty ^±Jb f
ban : a suffix meaning protector ' \\i _
paludan : not to contaminate, clean /o &J u
< r J^ <Ui> *-~Jj A oJj» QZ ?p* ^l^w
Hafez j>j| j\3 jl <Ubjjl y> «ijj £j\ ji X>
XVae-pati, XVae-paithya : one's own se/f®°"Seu 1
"pati, paithya" means self or own in this combination
Persian 03 POK:842; SNS:267
XIS 1 : self
^■f-
V
Avestan / Old Persian 03 hrn:72
athur-pat-gan : fire protector 1 ^ Ater
pa-nah : protecting help,
shelter^ Na 2
paiti-dama : (jodyprotecfron^Dhe 2
Persian UJ BQT:418
Azarbayjan : A city in Iran
I^UJoljji I
panah : shelter
«b s
panam : mouth guard used by Zoroastrians
f b ,
w
Pahlavi ffl irn:119
6-pat-an : city with protected waterways
^Abl
arta-pan : protector of jusfce^^Ar
Persian 03 IRN:119; BQT:98,101
Abadan : a port city at Persian Gulf l}'^ '
Afdavan : "protector of justice" i")^ ^
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:829; SYN:104
pitar : fafter
Persian
pedar : fafter ,Jj
345
w
Pa | Pak
Indo-European
ffl POK:787,842; SYN:103; KAS:10
r3 : to protect, to feed
r3"tGr : protector, feeder (of the family),
father^ Ter 3
Poti, PotJS: protector,
husband, power, also self
This has probably started as a nursery word
and became a usual term in the Indo-European
languages. Compare with the root "Baba".
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Pahlavi 03 bqt:202
pap, Papak : father. Suffix -k
indicates respect and love.
BQT claims these are cognates with
Latin "papa" but does not give details.
Persian 03 BQT:202; HRN:34; NYB:150; MON:428; AEF:197
bab 1 : father (J&fo , J^j ( jjlj ( Ijlj ) ^ y lj
Ferdowsf
The words "bab" and "babu" as a title of respect may be from a
different root and mixed up with "baba:father" See root "Baba".
W
^
W
Germanic 03 ahd
f6d -.food
fadar : feeder, father
English 03 AHD; DVS:142
food, feed, fur
father, pattern
Latin 03 POK:847; ahd
potere (potis) : to be able
pascere : to feed
pater : feeder, father
English 03 AHD; DVS:142
potent, potential, power, possible, possess
pasture, pantry, company
paternal, patronage
^
Greek 03 ahd
pater, pappas
English 03 AHD; DVS:142
patriot, Pope, papa
Pag
Pais
Paita
see root: Pak
see root: Pis
see root: Pele
Indo-European 03 pok:787
Pak, Pag: to fasten
~x
w
Avestan 03 POK:787; KI_N:1110
pas : to fie, fetter
^ I Latin 03 kln; ahd
^
pangere : to fasten
pacTcT : to agree
palus : stick, pole
pagUS : boundary staked out on ground
pr6-pages : offspring
English 03 ahd
pact, compact
peace, pace, Pacific, pacify
pole, palette
peasant
propagate
350
Pambak Parni
W
Iranian 03 syn:402
~X
Pambak, Bambak:
Pahlavi
03 BQT:419; MON:814
panbak, pambak:
cotton
Persian 03 BQT:419; MON:814
panbeh : cotton, to have cotton in ears means to be ignorant 4^J^>
W
Greek 03 kln:185
bombax : silk c
W
W
^
Aramaic 03 syn:402
bambak : cotton
Latin
03 KLN:185
bombyx
French
W
English 03 kln:185
bombast, bombazine: soft padding
W
Indo-European 03 pok:789
ParTka :
~X
sweet heart, fairy
Avestan ffl POK:789; KLN:1115
pairika : beautiful woman
AEF:375 has a discussion on the original
meanings of "pairika" as a seducer.
W
Pahlavi
03 POK:789; KLN:1115
parik : fairy
Persian 03 POK:789; KLN:1115; HRN:69; BQT:396,864
pan : fairy; beautiful woman
oSw* j&$<A< ^Ha< ^
V
English 03 KLN:1158; SKT:384
Peri : fairy
Wl
Semitic
Arabic ffl kln:1115
BilqTs : queen of Saba (Saba)
KLN links this word to the
other words in the chart but
does not provide details.
Persian ffl MON5:277
BelqiS : queen of Saba y^>Mji
Molavf \_S (j\ JiUwj3 j* OW^ jt
Greek 03kln:1115
pallas : maiden
Pallas : a Greek goddess protecting Troy
Latin 03kln:1115
English 03kln:1115
palladium : a metallic
element
Parni
see root.
Parth
351
Parsa Partia
Old Persian 03 knt:196
~X
r 3TS3 : name of an Aryan (Indo-European) tribe who migrated south
to Persia (Iran) about 4000 years ago. Also name of a province
south of the Persian Empire
Persian 03 BQT; MON5:322; IRN:63
Pars, FarS: Persia
^j\$ 4 ^ ^
Pasargad : home of the Pars people
JiO *Uw)U i JiO jUwu
Pasargad was also name of an early Iranian
tribe.
w
Greek
03 SYN:377
perSIS : Persia
Latin
perSIS : Persia, Persian
malus persica : Persian apple (peach)
English Q3ahd:963
Persia, peach
W
^
French 03vop:120
peches : peach
peches melba : peach ice cream
Persian UJvop:120
pesmelba : a fancy
peach ice cream
Old Persian 03 knt:196
~X
rSrtn, rSmi : the name of a tribe in Khorasan who rose
to power and pushed the Greeks out of Iran in 250 BC.
r3rtrl3V3, r 3TII3 : the province of Parths in N.E. of the Persian Empire.
Persian 03 bqt; mon; fsf:117
part : an ancient Iranian dynasty
pahloV : a Parthian, a strong and brave hero
Ferdowst -jj j ciwii 3 JLlf ^-S j
English 03 AHD:955; WEB:1306
Parthia
parting Shot : thrusts delivered in retreat as Parthian archers used to do
W
^
Latin 03ahd:952
pertica pellis : Parthian leather
particaminum
Old French
parchemin
English
parchment
Parthava
Partia
see root: Parth
see root: Parth
352
Parvan Ped
Sanskrit 03 syn:26
~X
Parvan : knot
Parvata : knotty.
V*
Avestan 03 SYN:26; BQT:401
paurvata : mountain range
paurvata-VaC : sound of mountains,
ecfto^Wekw
^
h
Persian UJ BQT:345,399,401
'
paZ : rough terrain, mountain
^
papaz : mountain range, rough terrain
&
pazvak, pezvak -.echo
^3'A
Jiu JilyiuO lj gJ>
<±*vA (J M ^>' )&#*
Khosravanf J^j ^ J^Xi) ^_> 3 C
y>
j— ttfl ww y I
Parvata
Pa-ter
see root: Parvan
see root: Pa
^
Indo-European 03 pok:790
PART 1
A
Ped, Pod:
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian 03kln:1112
pad, padha, pad, pada : foot, step
W
Persian
03 BQT:344,367; HRN:63
pa : foot,
base
<
^,
4^U <
If V
(jV
^> k
pay-in:
towards the feet, down
w.k
pa-jameh : pants, pajamas ^Yos
Ferdowsf
"\j ,3c 3 ck*j y. V '
Jur*i
- illwJ
wjI WJ Jw^l
jijl j^i;
w
Hindustani
03 HJB:748
pae-jama
English
03 AHD:943; KLN:1112; AID:234
pajamas
Persian UJ mon:868,902
pijameh ( tj,\^ ) tA> ^
W
Avestan 03 pok:790
padika : walker
padataka : pedestrian
h
Persian ffl BQT:434; NYB:147
'
payk : messenger lS**>
piyadeh : pedestrian o^L)
cu^<p fU*o yj ^uluiu Ovo (J I U> y>
Hafez CUw<p fu ijjlii CUwtj j** 'j\ ^L> |*JsS U
w
w
^
Sogdian
03 SOD:270,273
pd : foot
pdny : heel
Persian 03 SOD:270; FRS:173; SLW:98
pal : heel U
Ma'ruff 5-*JU «J»J6 Ji Jib J jiiS l5<^i - <V° *!<*) 4J-J6 I j il) J Jijo Ai^jt)
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:1166
ped : foot
ped-yOS : lowest, worst
English
dispatch, impede, pedestrian,
pessimism, pedicure
353
w
Ped | Ped
Indo-European 03 pok:790
Ped, Pod:fc (
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03 AHD:1365; KLN; POK:790
pous, peza-.foot
kalo-podion : wooden foot, mold^ Ku 1
0kt6-p0US : eight legged, octopus ^Okto
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1075
kal-pad : mold, shape, body
IEC:1049,1051 derives this word from
Avestan "kehrp: flesh", from Indo-European
root "Kwrp, Kwerp: shape, form body".
Persian 03 MON:2858; IEC:1047
Kala : manufactured good, merchandise ^w
Assar l5-4-M l5JH j^"' « 0'-S c
References are not very clear on the derivation paths.
W
h
Persian 03 BQT:1075; MON:2859
'
kaleb : mold
JK
kalbod : body
jJlS"
Nezamt <i*J s—Jls •Jl Ji-J.
j? yj* ?lJ> .
^ V-^ tf) .P <$ y #' 3 y #'
w
Arabic 03 KLN:223; PLA:215
qalib : mold
q . I . D : to make, turn around
Persian UJ MON:2621; FVA:337
qaleb : moid JlS
W
Italian 03 kln:223
CalibrO : mold, size
French
Persian 03 mon:2868
English
caliber
French
octopode
Persian 03 mon:164
oxtapus ^h>l
English
octopus, pilot, podium
V*
Greek 03 ah D: 1365
tra-peza : "four-it
table, trapezoid ^ Kwetwer
Arabic £Q mon:1481
dar-bezin : a seating
area between two
doors of a room
tl
Persian UJ mon:1481
C^b'-
darabzm :
a seating area
W)j |j <&J\p •&$h>
Latin 03ahd \>-
English 03 ahd
trapezoid, trapeze
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
fot : foof
English
foot, fetch
354
w
Indo-European 03 pok:792
Peg : breast
Sanskrit 03 ahd
paksa : breast, wing
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
pectus : breast
Peg | Pet
~X
Hindustani ffl ahd; kln:1272
panka : a curtain used to fan a r
I
h
Persian ffl mon:824
'
pankeh:/an 4&0
English 03 AHD:1060; KLN:1272; FWE:233
punka : curtain used for fanning a room
English 03 ahd
pectoral
W
^
Indo-European 03 pok:793
PeT
: sap, fat
Avestan 03hrn:81,181
pitU, pithwa : food, fat
fra-pithwa : fat (adjective)
®"psr1
dus-pithwa:(jadfa(,
abscess Dus
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1450
pTh : fat (noun)
fra-pTh : fat (adjective)
Persian 03 BQT:1450; MON:844
pTh : fat (noun) (' <U ) to
V "V
farbeh : fat (adjective) 4j i
Jy Jt>) Xm )U yc> Xp
Nszamt jjjj <0 _4_) Xoljiti
ji>
ij-H
Persian UJ BQT:852; MON:1523
dospTh : abscess ( <U>*0 ) Oi
Avestan 03 pok:793
payah : milk
paeman : mother's
milk
Persian UJ MON:969; BQT:449;
3NS:141
pTnCi : dried whey,
sour milk
rsi
panTr : cheese
t*H
Naser-Khosrow
rrtJ
J
'■*? 3 >) 0*3; ■
. fc>
^bb
<U Jj
3 w& J*
w
Avestan 03 S0D:42
angu-paena : sweef sap,
honey Embhi
Pahlavi
03 BQT:174
angubin : honey
Sogdian 03 SOD:53,109
pt : meat
' pt-XW' r : meat eater
brpyg : fat
► —
Persian 03 bqt:174
angabin : sweet sap, honey '.•■^Sjl
^pb ( ^Jj! cuaS^^I
Attar V ^Jj y v^lj )' *"" "^^ l*"** 3 j^
Germanic 03 ahd
faitaz : faf
English
fat
Latin 03 ahd
pinUS : a resinous tree (pine)
English
pine
355
w
Peig | Peig
Indo-European 03 pok:794
Peig: to ma*
"~X
Avestan
03 POK:794; SYN:1284; SNS:143
paes, paes : to decorate,
mark
paesah, pistra : decorated,
skilled
Persian 03 BQT:440, 443; MON:904;
HRN:80
piseh
black and white markings
Wl
pisT : a
disease identified with markings
on skin
(5***»
piseh
skill, job skill, job
<&»J
Sa'dt
cuwl Ji> <o
j^^U
W) Jb
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:794; syn:1284
ni-paiS : mark down, write 1 * NT 1
W
Pahlavi
03 BQT:2201; UNV:54
nipistan : to write
nibistan : to write
nipek, n\beg-. book,
written material
Persian UJ ZFS:37; MON:4669
nevestan : to write (V-&V
p
nODI : book, the holy Koran ^j
JJiu Jin y? iSy^ 3 <^u*>y>
Khosrovam ^ ^ JjJ> ^ r j|
Old Persian 03 SNS:164; KNT:194
paith : to mark, decorate
ni-paith : mark down, write^" 'NT 1
Latin 03ahd
pingere : paint, picture, tattoo
Germanic 03 ahd
fihla : cutting tool
English
paint, picture, pigment
English
file : grinding tool
3bt
Pek Peku
^
Indo-European 03 pok:797
r©K : wool, to pluck wool
rGKU : woolly animals, cattle, property
Avestan 03 pok:797
pasu, pasman: wool
fsu : cattle
fsu-pait : protector of cattle, shepherd^ Pa
W
Sogdian P3SOD:51,298
pS : sheep
Germanic 03 ahd
feht : to pluck out wool, fight
Germanic 03 ahd
fehu '.property
felag : partner sharing property
Latin 03 ahd
feudum : property, feudal state
I
French
feodal
~X
Persian UJ POK:797; SNS:123,125
pasm : wool Ji>
Saban, CUpan -.shepherd 0^9^ < iA*^
English
fight
English
fellow
Persian 03 mon
feodal : owner of large land
Jbyi
^
English
feudal
Peku
see root.
Pek
357
Pekw Pekw
W
Indo-European 03 pok:798
PekW : to cook
Avestan 03 POK:798; BQT:370; SYN:336; FFD:40
pax, pac, pacaiti : to cook
-paka : a suffix referring to the cook.
naSU-paka : corpse burner^" Nek 1
I,
(-Pahlavi 03 SNS:137; FFD:40
pUXtag : cooked
paZ : cook
^
Latin 03ahd
COquere : to cook, ripen
bis-COCtUS : twice cooked bread^ Dwo
W
French 03ahd:135
beSCUit : a thin cracker
I
v*
Arabic ffl ahd:65
al-birC|IJC| : early ripening (plum)
w
^
~x
Persian ffl BQT:370; AEF:195; IEC:920
pOXtan : to cook, bake ( y i \Jj'3 ) 'J&»
Da, Va : suffixes referring to | o _ t u _
the cook or how something is cooked.
$Jj aSjI o >^> )l JJJiO UXw cJ^I
Khaqanf
UjyJ <Ool j^> jl
English
cook, cuisine,
kiln, kitchen
Persian 03 mon:626
bTskuTt :6/scu*
C^L~>
English
biscuit
English 03 ahd:65
apricot
Greek 03ahd:1059
peptein : to cook
pepon : a large melon (edible only when ripe)
French
pompon -.pumpkin
English
pumpkin
35£
Pel 1 Pel 1
^
W
Indo-European 03 pok:799
~X
Pel 1, Ple : to mi
r el U : a quantity of, a group of
Avestan 03 pok:799
par 1 , perana : fun
ham-par : to fill together, store *" Sam 1
perana-ayu : fun of //fe c8 *Aiw
h
Persian UJ BQT:163,264; FFD:31
'
por : full y
anbar: storage ( ^lil , |>>jM ) jM
boma: young (jj
w
Avestan
03 AEF:175; BQT:180
ava-par : m down
Persian 03 BQT:180; AEF:175; FFD:31
obardan : to swallow ( \$ ,(j«| ) Ai jl>l
Obastan : to siva/tow ( -Jjilyl ) •Jj&ljl
obaSM : a tot/g/7 or rowdy fellow, a gangster C*^T
Fsrdowst t^y jlw Ol> ^l j> j j^oj _ (Ji jUw I j j<5 O y> jS I
Avestan 03 pok:800
f ra 1 , f ra 1 : plenty,
fra-yah : more cr Yah 5
fra-esta:mosf®"isto
w
Pahlavi 03 SNS:126; BQT:1479; MON:2538
fray, freh -.plenty
freh-est : most plenty
Persian UJ BQT:1479; M0N:2537,2538
fereh, fareh : plenty, good si , si
farh-ast : too much, magic C-wJ& 3
Abu-Nasr Marghzf
V
^
Avestan 03 pok:800
paoiry-aenini :
a cluster of stars
Persian 03 BQT:395; AEF:372
parvin : a cluster of stars ( yfi , ^ ) ^ ^
Ferdowst e^*wj 3 J lA^ yj^*"J 3*^ " '-"•^ 3 r* (V** )•> V L5^H ^
Avestan 03 KNT:196; POK:800; IEC:974
pouru, paOUrUS : much, many
h
Persian ffl IEC:956,974; MON:2508
'
faravan : p/enfy l)'s'j^
Old Persian 03 knt:196; pok:800
paru,parav : much, many
parU-Zana : many kinds of men^ Gene 1
Germanic 03 pok
ful-naz : to m
English 03 ahd
full, to fill
Latin 03 pok
pla-no : mi
pl-US : more
English 03 ahd
plenty, plus, manipulate
Greek
pol-US : many
French
poly- : multiple, many
Persian 03 mon
<^ 3 Ji ' J$ Ji
English 03 ahd
poly-, polygon, polygamy, polynomial
355
Pel 2 I Pel 3
^
Indo-European 03 pok:804; ieC:977
~X
r©l £ : pale, gray
PorkWOS : bright, clean, pure
Avestan ffl pok:807
pourusa, parya:
gray, old
Persian LLI bqt:436
pif : old, aged, spiritual leader ^
Hafez cU*-o OU 3 CU**Jj o0 Jj&l jj ^i kjuJ <C jj
W
L
Sanskrit 03 IEC:978
parusah : colorful
Persian 03 MON:653; IEC:977
parsa : chaste ( (jLujl) ) L>jl>
^
Latin 03ahd
pallere : to be pale
falcO: gray bird
English 03 ahd
pale, appall
falcon
Indo-European 03 pok:802
Pel 3 : dust flour
W
Latin 03 ahd
pulvis, pollen -.dust
French 03ahd:1024
pOUdre : dust powder
Persian UJ mon:827
poudr: powder Oy
W | Turkish 03 BQT:216; TAD:6~
L
Persian UJ bqt:216
barut : gun powder
°WH
English 03 ahd
powder, pulverize
V k
^
English 03 ahd
pollen
360
Pele Pen
W
Indo-European 03 POK:805; IEC:918; CEL2:3
~x
Pele, Pelt, Paita:
to spread, make flat
Iranian 03 IEC:918
partaka-. flap of cloth,
curtain
WPahlavi 03 F
pardag : curtain, veil
Persian 03 lat:853
pardeh : curtain (S ;j ,iiji\j^ ,j\i iiy ) iiy
Ferdowst JJJJ>-Lj ^Lwl) (J I «ijj ji> <U _ JJjJ>-b ^Jjj «_w ji> j <u)uj
LKT:131 claims this has reached Europe through Arabic.
W
W
W
Sanskrit 03 IEC:918
patah : cloth, screen
garment, canvas
Hindustani
03 HJB:744; AID:242
pardah : curtain, veil
English
03 AHD:1061; KLN:1273; FWE:233
pardah, purdah: veil
Sogdian 03 S0D:284
prd'nk, prd'nkh, prthynq : curtain
W
Greek 03 AHD:1533; IEC:918
plan-asthai : to wander around
plaS-Sein : to spread out in a mold
French B3vop:120
plasma
plastique
Persian 03vop:120
plasma -.plasma Urf)L)
plastlk : plastic S^lJAl
English 03 ahd
planet, plasma, plaster, airplane, plastic
W
V
L
Germanic 03 pok:805
fel-thuS:f/a(/and
fl6-rUZ : floor
English 03 ahd
field
floor
Latin 03ahd:1533
pla-nUS : flat
pal-ma : palm of hand
English 03 ahd
plane, plain, plan, explain
palm
Indo-European
03 POK:833
Avestan
03 POK:833; KLN:1192
^
h
Persian ffl BQT:1444; HRN:180
'
farax : wide, large *m \ A
English
flat
Persian 03vop:120
pelatTn : platinum
o*h
English 03 ahd
plate, place, plaza, plateau, platinum
Pelt
Pelu
Pen
see root: Pele
see root : Pel 1
see root: Spen
361
Pend Pent
Pend
see root: Spen
^
Indo-European 03 pok:8
Penkwe:
Avestan 03 pok:8
panca : five
pancasas : my
Sogdian 03 S0D:276
pncw, pnz, pnc:»ve
pnc'S:My
V
Persian UJ bqt:419; mon
panj : five ( y> \^X> , !rs°Zf*l ' r^i ' d^f^i> R*±
panjeh : hand (five fingers) ( A&p&i < \S*x*i ) 4aX>
panzdahrMeen^Dskm a}'j[>
pansad : five hundred^" Dskm Jwsul)
Sanskrit 03ahd
panca : five
K
English 03 ahd
punch: drink
Punjab^Ab 1
h
Persian ffl mon:822
'
pane : a drink made of several (five) fruits ( mXi ) 7o\i
^ I Germanic 03 ahd
finfi : five
fingwraz : one of the five, finger
funh-Stiz : five fingers, fist
English 03 ahd
five, fifty, fifteen
finger
fist
W
^
Greek 03 ahd
pente : five
English 03 ahd
penta-, pentagon
^
Indo-European 03 pok:8
A
Pent
to go, pass
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:808; KNT:195
pant, panta, path, pathi, patha:
way, path, advice
Persian UJ bqt:422
pand : advice JJj
Khaqant .'iljji .j'. «J_i) Ajljji
0>-
>tfj
j_w ,
^-» | Scythian 03ahd:1533
Germanic 03 ahd:1533; kln:1139
patha : v
English
path
Germanic 03 ahd
finthan : to discover
English
find
Latin 03 ahd
pont : bridge, path over water
English
pontoon
Russian 03 ahd
put : way
English
Sputnik
362
Per 1 Per 1
^
Indo-European 03 pok:810
PART 1
~X
Her 1 : around, forward.
Also see roots "Per 2", "Per 3" and "Per 4".
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 pok:244,810
pairi, pari, para 3, para 3: around, perimeter
pain-Vara : sheltered from all around, a (jam 1 * Wer 3
pairi-vaz : ffy around^ Wegh
pairi-Sta : stand around, nurse ^Sta
pairi-Cayeiti : sort around, divider^ Kwei 2
Persian UJ HRN:66; BQT:376-91 ,437
piramun : perimeter l) V 1 ' y*>
Cff?/,' J* 1 *'/,' OV*/,
Greek 03ahd:950
paradeisOS : paradis
Avestan
03 POK; HUB:39; HRN:6
para-kan : spread around^Gwhen
para-tab : shine to/ward^ Tep
para-tak : run around, to do^Teku 1
V.
4-Avestan
03 POK; HUB:39; HRN:6
par-Sti : back (causing to stand up)
^sta
pari-bar, pari-bahr: carry around,
develop^" Bher 1
pairi-kara : go (draw) around,
a compass Kwer
^
Avestan 03 HRN:184; BQT:1442-82
fra 2, frank : forward
i^ r ih^nQ-.pullfqrward [culture),^ Jen ^
fra-Sta : sfand (send) fcnvard^Sta
fra-Ms,.fraM!3..;..^n^*™a/!);j(ang8/J^S!a
fra-Var : protecting all around, Farvahar^Wev 3
fra-Var-tinam : month ofFarvahar
W
Sogdian B3sod:155
fftr : more, better
y>
^
Avestan 03 HRN:184; BQT:1442-82
f ra-a-marz : one who forgives all ** Melg
fara-mana:pre-eyaluate,order^Me
f ra-data : promotion, call for help
fra-jama : eno [01 'going [(destination)^ *Gwa
fra-VaXS : ca// ouf to seff^Wekw
English
paradise
Persian UJ BQT; HUB:39; SNS:133
parakandan : spread (■£ \ y , ^siS \y) ^liS \y
partOW : beam of light Jj
pardaxtan : to do • J I>b y
Persian 03 BQT; HUB:39; SNS:133
post : back
parvardan : develop
&>J3A
pargar : compass, fortune, necklace
$a
C^wJ ;D y y )UJy 01-wjI ,'r^t
Ferdowst C-^3 J6 y ^
iA
j> j'j?
HUB:39 is not sure about the derivation of
'pargar"
Persian UJ BQT:1446,1482
fara : forward, more ( y| A ) I A
Persian UJ bqt:1482
363
Per 1 Per 1
^
W
Indo-European 03 pok:810
PART 2
~X
rer 1 : around, forward.
Also see roots "Per 2", "Per 3" and "Per 4".
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Old Persian 03 POK:813; KNT:198,200
f fa : forward
frava, fravata : forward, downward
f ra-bar : offer, granf ®" Bher 1
Pahlavi
03 KNT:198
frot : downward
Persian
03 KNT:198; BQT:1473; HRN:183
foru : down ( 3 « i ) « i
forutan : down to earth . jj i
Avestan 03 POK:810,813,815; HRN:61; AEF:376
paurva, paro, para 4, para 4 : former,
earlier
par6-ayare : last day®" Ayer
Persian 03 BQT:349,397; AEF:331 ,368,376; ZMA:55
V
Old Persian 03 knt:195,196
paruva : early
pariy : around
para : later, beyond
para : a/ong
Sanskrit 03 pok:813
pra-jan : with perception,
one who understands
beforehand Gno
Pahlavi 03 bqt
farzanak :
h
Persian 03 BQT:1459; HRN:181
Farzaneh ( ^j* ) <ul jji
Germanic 03 ahd
fer, fruma, furista
English
far, for, former, first
Latin 03 ahd
per, pro : first, forward, along
pr6-tahere : to draw forward
primO-CapUS : first in rank, prince
para-meter : measure along
French 03 ahd
L
h
Persian ffl mon
'
\J™*A ' Wv ' J^M
English 03 ahd
per, perimeter, parameter, portrait, prince
^
Greek 03 ahd
protO- : first
para : along with
para-bolare : to throw (talk) around^ Gwel 1
protO-inin : of prime value
protO-kolla : the first attached (page)
para-sitOS : (uninvited guest) along for food
French 03 ahd
Persian UJ mon
v»
English 03 ahd
parasite, parallel, protein, parabola,
parliament, protocol, paragraph
V*
^
Indo-European 03 pok:810,811; ieC:927
Per-per-OS : flighty, giddy
C
]T
Latin 03 IEC:927; POK:811
perperUS : rashly
Persian UJ IEC:927; MON:2521
farfar : in hurry i i
Anvart jljijl f J-Ja» «i-~«9 <vl JjiJI J
364
Per 2 Per 2
^
Indo-European 03 pok:817
Her £ : to lead or fly across.
Related to the Indo-European root "Per 1".
Avestan
03 POK:817; KLN:1220
peretU : bridge
Pahlavi
03SNS:137
puhl : bridge
W
Avestan 03 POK:817; AHD:452
hu-parathwa : good to cross over, ^Su 1
Euphrates river in Iraq.
W
Greek 03ahd:452
Euphrates
I Latin
V
^
Avestan 03 pok:816
par 2 : there, over there
para 2 : end, shore
Pahlavi 03aef:209
bar 2 : shore, t
~~\
Persian UJ bqt:414
pol : bridge jj
Saeb J^ij^- lSjj-jI j' iSjJ-M & t_S' i ^> Jj
h
Persian
'
p
TOrat : Euphrates river £j\ A
English
Euphrates
Persian 03 aef:209
bar 3 : a suffix meaning shore ;U _
Avestan 03 P0K:81 7,850
parena : feather, wing
h
Persian ffl BQT:397; DRM:286
'
par : fearer, wing «j|^ t (j^ ) ^
Latin 03ahd
porta : gate
portare : to carry
French 03 ahd
h
Persian ffl mon
'
■**>***'' * O jo«m.)1 y i O j^***^
English 03 ahd
port, passport, transport, report, support, sport
365
Per 3 Per 3
^
Indo-European ffl pok:815-818
r©T O : opposite, against, in front of, strike
Related to the Indo-European root "Per 1".
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:815
paiti 2, paitT 3, pati, patiy :
opposite, in front of, against
W
W
Pahlavi ffl bqt:440
paitis, pat, pes
in front of, before,
leader
Persian UJ
BQT:242,440,2405
pTs : front, ahead
( *U**W ) <J**£
K ^*J**$ )
'yv»<
**( ,f', - *
bod, bad 2
(suffix) leadership
M-
•My
■Mts*
Xk^««>^
Pahlavi 03 HRN:33; AEF:190
pad, pa: to, toward
HRN:33 claims these prefixes are combinations
of Avestan "upa" and "paiti". See root "Upo".
Persian 03 aef:190,191
be[h] : to, toward ( ' t> ) t>
The "b-" and "p-" prefixes
have lost their original meaning.
Avestan 03 hrn:6
8; BQT:400-445
paiti-kan : front digger®" Gwhen 1
paitl-gar : say against someone,
Mame ®^Gwer 2
paiti-gama : bring forward (a message)
®"Gwa
paiti-kara : do (fight) against^ Kwer
W
Avestan 03 hrn:6
; BQT:400-445
paiti-band:to(jondaga/nsfw/ft®"Bhendh
paiti-man : to think against, regret^ Men 1
W
Avestan
03 HRN:68
; BQT:354,400-434; FSF:99; POK:243
paiti-ma : to measure against^ Me
paiti-raec : to leave, ara/d®" Leigh 2
paiti-dahisn : given back, reward®" D6 2
paiti-Sahva : answer to speech ®*Kas 2
paiti-raman : well arranged,
pleasant Rem
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:818
peret : fight against
ni-part : fight down cr Ni 1
a-part:Da«fe®"Apo
Persian 03 bqt; hrn
paykan : arrow tip
paygareh : blame
«i
paygam : message
paykar : fight
(■sArt,
fa
Persian 03 bqt; hrn
payvastan -.pin ( jj^ ) tf*>^
pazman : regretting ( Juj^ ) ^U^
Ferdowst J^j/" 3 4 ,)>*£> JJ-* j' )'
Persian 03 bqt; hrn
paymudan : to walk,
parhixtan : to avoid
padas : reward
paSOX : answer
Pedram : "pleasant"
're CPy^,
f'j-H
Persian 03 BQT:2115; HRN:230
nabard : battle .> „j
avard : battle ( i6ij S ~ ) i j 5 T
366
Per 3 Per 3
W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 aef:336
W I Avestan / Old Persian 03 fsf:107; bqt:374; knt:194
Indo-European 03 pok:815-818
rer O : opposite, against, in front of, strike
Related to the Indo-European root "Per 1".
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
paiti-jathra : anf/-tox/n®"Gwhen 2
KLN:169 derives the first part from the
Indo-European root "Pa:protect" but HUB:36
and MON:648 do not agree with him.
► I Persian UJ AEF:334; MON:648; FVF:50
padzaUr : antitoxin (A}b ) AP^>
w
Arabic 03 fvf:50
bezoar
English 03ahd:1520
bezoar
paiti-grab, pati-grab : to accepf®"Ghrebh
paiti-ar, pati-ara : challenge, fight^Ev 1
paity-ara : against progress, enemy, ugly^^ Er 1
pati-kara : form against, body^ Kwer
W
Pahlavi
03 FSF:107; BQT:374; MON
padiraftan : accept
patirak : to fight, confront
patyarak : ugly
patkar : body, bundle
W
Sogdian 03sod:311
ptkr' k : image
v*
^
Latin B3ahd
premere : to strike or press against
preSSUSS : press, pressure
h
Persian ffl bqt; hrn; mon
'
paziroftan : accept
(pjiM
paztreh : confront
8 j*H
patyareh : ugiy
°jvi < 8 jVi
paykar : image, statue
<^,)^
(J}<j_2aJw> I
&_ O ^Jta-uJ 0j_3jj
Ferdowsf (JU j <0 Xal
jJ3\
LSj j j£ I j <Urf
French
Persian UJ mon
0*j$*> < ifj\
English 03 ahd
press, compress, print, express
367
Per 4 Perk 1
Indo-European 03 pok:817
~X
Per 4, Pera : to assign, to trade.
Related to the Indo-European root "Per 1".
^
W
W
^
Avestan
03 POK:817
para 1 : debt
Pahlavi
03 NYB:150
parak : debt,
bribe, gift
Persian UJ MON; BQT:351; AEF:333
pareh : money, gift, a piece of something
dj\^iS\) ojl$
Naser-
-Knosrow
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:1133
portio, pars: part
pertum: price, worth
English
part, parcel, portion, compare
price, prize, prison
Greek 03 POK:817; AHD; KLN:1219
pome : "purchased", prostitute
English
pornography
Pera
see root: Per 4
W
Indo-European 03 pok:821
~X
Perkl
Avestan
03 POK:821; SNS:141; AEF:205
f ras : to ask
frasa,frasna : question
prs-sa, pere-sa : to as*
peresaiti : he asks
paiti-frasna : interrogation,
punishment Per 3
Pahlavi 03 bqt:206,385
porsitan : to ask
patT-f ras : punishment
Persian
03 BQT:385; AEF:205; ETM:62
porsidan : to as* (J~»f) O-^rVl
padafrah : punishment ol ibl)
Vfs-o-Ramfn
See derivation through Old Persian
^
W
^
Old Persian 03 POK:821; TZF:26; KNT:176
pare-sa : to as*
aparsam : ; asked
frasta, frasta : interrogated
Pahlavi
03 TZF:26
purs : to ask
Persian UJ tzf:26
porsidan : to as* ( Ji^y ) 0->><rV»
See the derivation through Avestan.
Latin 03 pok; ahd
precan : to pray, ask from God
prex : prayer
English 03 ahd
pray, prayer
368
Perk 2 Pesteno
W
Indo-European 03 pok:820
Perk 2 : rib, chest
Avestan 03 pok:820
paresu, peresu : rib, side
Pahlavi 03snS:114
pahlug : side
w
Sogdian ffl sod:289
prs : side, hour, time
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:820
parsu, parsu, parsva : rib, side
^\
h
Persian 03aef:415
pahlU:s/de V JjJ
Per-per-os
see root: Perl
W
Indo-European 03 pok:823
Persna:hee/
Avestan 03 pok:823
pasna : heel
Pahlavi 03 bqt:355
pasnak : heel
w
Sogdian 03 SOD:301
psn :heel
W
^
Latin 03ahd
pema : ham, a sea mussel
pernilla: peart
Indo-European 03 pok:990
PeStenO : breast
a
Avestan 03 KLN:1513; POK:990
fstana : breast
Sogdian 03 SOD:70
"stnh:(jreas(
Greek 03 pok:990
SthethoS : breast
h
Persian
pasneh : heel Cji[>
English
pearl
Persian 03 POK:990; BQT:405
pestan : breast
English 03 kln:1513
stethoscope
369
Pet 1 Pet 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:825
Pet 1 : to fly, to fall
~~\
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:825; HRN:22
ptata, tata : falling
ava-pat : to fall down ^Au 2
Pahlavi 03 bqt:145
Oftatan : to fall down
Persian 03 bqt:145
Oftadan : to fall down
Oikil
w
Avestan ffl AEF:382; HUB:41
patta : fallen, low, inferior
HRN:70 claims it is from a different root.
Persian ffl aef:382
past 1 : low, inferior
K--
Avestan 03 pok:825
pataiti, patayeiti : ftes
patareta : flying
Avestan 03 pok:825
fra-ptarazat : bird cr Per 1
paiti-pasti : approach, step ** Par 3
Old Persian
03 POK:825; KNT:194
pat : to fly
Old Persian 03 POK:825; KNT:194
Ud-pat : rise up, rebel^ Ud 1
Ud-a-pat-ata : arose, rose up^Ud 1
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:825; BRT:458
karsi-ptan : swil flying (bird)
Compare with Latin "acu-pedius"
Pahlavi 03 hrn:191
karsift: a fast 6/rcf
Persian UJ BQT:1659; HRN:191
Kasak : a fast bird, magpie \SJ&
Germanic 03 ahd
fethro : feafter
English
feather
Latin 03 AHD; BRT:458
petere : to go forward
piter : fly
aCCi-piter, aCU-pediuS : a swift flying bird, falcon cr 6ku
English 03 ahd
compete, repeat
accipiter
Greek 03 ahd
petron : wing
helik-pter : spiral wing
French 03ahd:611
helicopter
Sanskrit 03 pok:825
patita : fallen, low
Persian 03 mon:5165
helicopter : helicopter JoXJa
English 03 ahd
helicopter
Greek 03 ahd
pipo : to fall
potamOS : falling water, river
hipOS ho potamios : river horse, hippopotamus^ Ekwos
English
hippopotamus
370
Pet 2 Peue
Indo-European ffl pok:824
r©t £ : to spread
^\
Avestan 03 pok:824
pathana, perethu : wide
Latin 03 pok:824
pandere : to spread out (walk)
paSSUS : step, pace
French
v»
w
^
Greek 03ahd:980
petalon : leaf
patane : platter, a wide plate or pot (pan)
Persian 03 bqt:433
paUn: wide <<U^,L^) ^
h
Persian ffl mon
'
passage *jj^
paspOft: passport £j jfcuwxtfU
English 03 ahd
pass, passage, passport
compass, pace
English
petal, pan
Indo-European
Peu, Peue, Pu A-.topumy
W
W
^
Avestan 03 hrn:62
pavaka : pure, clean
Pahlavi
Latin 03 ahd; kln
purUS : clean
~~\
h
Persian
pak : clean, pure ^j\j
English
pure
Peua
see root: Pu4
W
Indo-European 03 pok:998
PeUd, SpheUd: to press, hasten
Old Iranian 03 ffd:44
paud, paud-a:tor
~X
W
Pahlavi 03 ffd:44
poy : to run
W
^
Greek 03 pok:998
Speudo : hasten
Persian 03 POK:998; ISS:130; MON:826
pU : running
pCiyTdan : to walk fast
pijya : runner
pCiyanTdan : to make animals go fast
Fsrdowst (JyiJyjIijJ 5-0 *ZJ&
Peue
see root: Peu
371
Peuk Piko
W
Indo-European 03 pok:828
Peuk, Pug -.to prick
^\
Avestan ffl SNS:175; HUB:73
SpOZ : to pull out, remove, also hesitate
Wl Pahlavi ffl
HRN:156
SpOZ, SpOXtan : to pierce,
pull out
HRN is not certain about the
link with Latin word "pungere"
Persian G3 BQT:1091; FSF:221
sepuxtan : ( ^«Uj**<« * iy^jv* 1 * ) ty^y^* 1
to pierce, throw in, pull out
w
Pahlavi 03 SNS:175
SpOZed : hesitate
Persian 03 BQT:1091; FSF:221
SepUXtan : to hesitate, delay (J ■Zjry* »| ) ' ■JU>-y*i
SepUZ-gar:one who hesitates^" Kwsr jlSj&«« u
W
^
Latin 03ahd
pungere : to prick
English 03 ahd
puncture
pivot, point, punctuate
Persian 03 mon:822
pancar : punctured, flat (tire)
Tfi
PT
Pikho
see root: P6 2
see root: Piko
Indo-European 03 pok:830; wld2:70
PJkO, P\khO: lump, knot
^ I Avestan 03 POK:830; WLD2:70
^
pixa : knot, ball
nava-pixem : a stick with nine knots used in Zoroastrian ceremonies.
Pahlavi 03 SNS:143
pexaK : a stick with none knots
Sogdian 03 S0D:335
pyx : knot
Persian UJ mon:880
pixtan : to wrap up in a bundle * JJiw
372
Pilo | PippalT
Indo-European 03 pok:830; ieC:940,1650
PilO, PislOS: hair
~~\
Persian ffl iec:940,1650
pileh : cocoon
Mas' Cid Sa'd Salman
«lo
1 3 ^> J»yy o jJo e*d> <6 - j_xjl> s^-ki —*d> <u_£i ?J>
^
'
L
^
Latin 03 AHD:1535; IEC:1650
pilus : hair
pileUS:feffcap
Greek 03 IEC:1650; AHD:1535
pilos : felt
English 03 ahd
pile, pluck, plush, caterpillar, pillage
English 03 ahd
pilocarpine
Indo-European 03 pok:830
r I n : wood, tree stump
v*
Greek 03 POK:830; SYN:345
pinakx : board, platter
^
Persian UJ bqt:1502
pangan : cup aISjJ
^l
Arabic
Persian UJ mon
fenjan : c
O^f
X*1S
W
Sanskrit 03 AHD:1535; KLN:1154; SYN:382
PippalT:
Persian 03 BQT:1499; FVF:503
pelpel: pepper
w
Arabic 03 fvf:503
felfel :
W
^
Greek 03ahd:972
peperi
Latin
Persian 03 bqt:1499
felfel
pepper
JW
English 03kln:1154
pepper
373
Pis | Poin
Indo-European 03 wld2:1
rIS, r BIS : crush, grind
~~\
Avestan 03 wld2:1
pisant : crushing, grinding
piStra : flour
Sanskrit 03 wld2:1
pinasti : crushed
piStah : flour
Persian 03 HUB:42; MON:782
pest, past 2 : flour, crushed roasted wheat ' C-wU
Pislos
Plat
Pie
Pneu
P6 1
see root: Pilo
see root: Pele
see root ; Pel 1
see root ; Skeu 1
see root: Apo
Indo-European 03 pok:839
A
P6 2, P6J, Phtorfrinfc
Sanskrit ffl pok:839
pati : drinks
patlla : a large drinking vessel
The link between "pati" and "patila" is not certain.
Persian LLI mon:643
patll : a large liquid container
For another possible root of
"patfl" see root "Batiaxe".
( <dJlj ) JJb s
Avestan 03 POK:839
VJSpO-pitay : drunk
Greek 03ahd
pUSIS : drunk
sun-posion:a
drinking party Sem 1
I Latin
French
03 VOP:216
symposium
Persian 03vop:216
sampoziyom :
a "drinking party"
ry^*"*
v»
English 03 kln:1557
symposium
v*
^
Latin
03 POK:839
bibere : to drink
potUS : drunk
English 03 ahd
potion, poison
beer, beverage
Pod
Poi
Poin
see root: Ped
see root: P6 2
see root: Spen
374
Pol Potis
Indo-European 03 pok:847
~X
P6I
Persian 03 POK:841; MON:680
palldan : to touch a surface in search of something
^■VkJli
W
v*
^
Greek 03ahd
psallein : to touch,
play harp
Arabic 03 kln:1382
SantTl": a land of harp
h
Persian ffl mon:1927
'
SantUf : a stringed music instrument
Jb*^nXM
Germanic 03 ahd
foljan : to feel
English
feel
Porkwos
P-os
Pos
see root: Pel 2
see root: Apo
see root: Apo
Pahlavi 03 ffd:44
Pos
cover, clothes
v»
Persian 03 ffd:44
pus : cover (iXSiy , S\Jiy , Sjiy , dy ) Jby
pLJSldan : to cover, to wear ( W^J ) /\»L*Juq^
pa-pUS -.foot wear, shoe ** Pad J^Jb
Hafez .Lot J^y- > 43 ,_> <0 ^LJjW <UL*0 ,_*> - j^' J"^*?* Cwwl ? ,-XAU CA0 (*5*-> ^
W
Arabic 03 kln:138,1573
ba-bus : shoe
tar-bus : sweat cap
"tar: sweat" is from a Turkish root.
French
03 KLN:138,1573
babouche
tarbouche
English 03 KLN:138,1573
babouche : shoe
tarboOChe : a brimless cap
W
^
Turkish 03 syn:428
babuc : shoe
Greek 03 syn:428
papOUtsi : shoe
~~\
Poti
Potis
see root: Pa
see root: Pa
375
w
Pou I Pou
Indo-European 03 pok:842
rOU: small, young
~~\
Avestan 03 pok:842
pu 1 , pu-thra, puthra : son, child
XSathra-puthra : son ofking cr Ksei
baga-puthra : son of God®" Bhag
a-puthra-tanu : having a child in body,
pregnant Ten 1
Persian 03 bqt; aef:384
pesar : hoy, son ( w? , jy, , T ^ ) j-J
abestan : "with a child in the body" y^ I
Molavf )'/£ *^** a ^~" )' J-" j'j °-' w ' *"
Old Persian 03 tzf:13; mfl:102
pUCa : son
Greek 03ahd
pais : child
English
pediatrics, encyclopedia
Latin 03ahd
parrum-affinis : with ante
similarity to other materials,
referred to paraffin
French
paraffine
Persian UJ mon
paraffn ^s\j\^
^
English
paraffin
W
W
^
Latin 03ahd
pau-per : with little, poor
pil-llllS : young, youngster
English
poor, poverty
pony, pupil, puppet, puppy
Germanic 03 ahd
fawaz : few, little
English
few
37!
PrT Pu 1
W
Indo-European ffl pok:844
r Tl : to love, praise
^\
Avestan 03 pok:844
afritan : to create
a-fn-nami: /pra/se
^Apo
► —
Persian 03 bqt:51
afarin : pra/se 'r'M
afaridan : to create ( J\$x> i I ) \±i i I
nefrin : curse V)^
Hafez l^ t_> 5wJ <J*J (--J XUj— jfl WJ yil y?
w
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:3
pryn : to praise
'prytyy: created
'fryn, 'frywn: pra/se
Arabic 03 AHD:23; PLA:203
if fit : demon creature
RCH:lxxvii derives it
from Arabic "A.f.r"
Persian 03 mon
ef rit : demon (^ji*) CjjAf
Germanic 03 ahd
f fi : friend, free, good
English
free, fresh, friend, Friday
Indo-European 03 pok:823; ieC:1003
~X
Prs:
speck, spot, sprinkle
V
Avestan 03 IEC:1003; POK:823
pares : drip
parsuya: of water
h
Persian ffl IEC:1003; MON:665
'
pasidan : sprinkle, scatter ( ^{j t \X*sA> ) AXJuU
Sanskrit 03 IEC:1003
parsami -.sprinkle
Greek 03 I EC: 1003
pardakos : wet
Medit
03 PRT:349; IEC:998,1003
parnas, pard:a
spotted animal
Sanskrit
03 PRT:349; KLN:1129
pardaku : panfte.
Persian 03 HRN:72; SKT:372; BQT:416
pard : panther
palang : leopard
yuspalang :
a kind of leopard^^ Yeu 3
V
W
^
Greek
03 KLN:1129; PRT:349
pardos : panfte.
Latin 03ahd:952
parduS:panfte
English 03 KLN:1129; PRT:349; SKT:372
pard, leopard
Pu 1
see root: Peu
377
Pu 2 I Puk
Indo-European 03 pok:847
rU £:to blow, swell
~~\
Persian 03 POK:847; HRN:75
puk : empty
Oq.
W
^
Latin 03ahd
pUStula : blister
English
pus, pustule
Pu3
see root.
Apo
W
Indo-European 03 pok:848
~X
Pu 4, Peua
: to decay, rot
Avestan 03 POK:849; SNS:137
pu 2, pav, puyeiti : to decay
piitay, piiiti : rotten
W
Pahlavi 03 POK:849; SNS:137
pUSltan : to rot
pudag, piitak: rotten
Persian 03 BQT:425,429; FFD:44; BLY:73
pusidan : to rot ( ^ ) ^l^
piideh : rotten si y
Ferdowsf
This poem is about the wooden cross of Jesus.
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
fij-faz : rotten
fiilitho : foulness
TaUSa : spongy, rotten
English 03 ahd
foul
filth
fuzzy
Pug
see root: Peuk
W
Indo-European ffl pok:849
rUK: bundled together
^\
Avestan 03 POK:849; SOD:298
pUSa : crown made of
bundled twigs and flowers
pUSa-ka : garland, crown
Pahlavi
03 MON:779
pUSag : crown
W
Sogdian ffl sod:298
ps'k:
Persian ffl MON:779; FRS:146
pasak :
crown of flowers
^
L
^
Greek 03 ahd
puknOS : strong, thick, dense
English 03 ahd
pycnometer : a device for measuring density
Greek 03 pok:849
am-pUS : headband
31 1
Sanskrit 03kln:1185
Pulaka:
V*
^
Pulaka Pwt
~X
Persian 03 KLN:1185; HJB:710; MON:810
polow : cooked rice ( % , ,Xj ) Aj
W
Turkish 03 KLN:1185; DEV:186
► —
pilaw : cooked rice
\
^
French 03 dev:186
pilau
English 03 lkt:132
pilau, pilaf, pilaff
Sogdian 03 SOD:332; SLW:94
rWt : Buddha, also used to mean an idol
According to SLW:94, this word has a Chinese / Indian root.
W
Pahlavi
03BQT
b6t:
^
Persian ffl MON:472; BQT:234; SLW:94
bot : idol
bot-kadeh : idol house, prayer house
Emad Khorasanf
See "Bheu 3" for another possible root.
Wi
Hindustani
Wl
Portuguese
English 03 SKT:366; LKT:30; AID:233
pagoda : prayer house
See HJB:652 for a discussion on this word.
375
Qa I Qer
Qa
Qam
Qand
Qap
Qar 1
Qar 2
Qau 1
Qau 2
see root : Ka 1
see root: Kam 2
see root ; Kand 1
see root: Kap
see root: Karl
see root: Kar2
see root: Kau
see root: Kau 2
W
Semitic 03 kln:219
A
CJ.U.m : to step, proceed,
also the East where sun comes from
Arabic ffl kln:219
q.d.m:tostep,
proceed, advance
h
Persian 03 fva:327
'
qadam : sfep ( MjJI
Cjedam : forward, getting ahead, advancement
p
< j^ji ) ("IS
C*flA8 i *jl£ i ffJ-^-S
A^jjlo i fjJLa
Molavr | 3 fwy^j ^5 f J^3 «0 u> Jb _ 1 J *_aXj,3 J^j^Jj CUw^JjJ
v*
Greek ffl kln:219
KadmOS : a man who came
from the East (mythology)
kadmia : Kadmian earth,
Latin 03 ah D: 186
CadmTa:z/nc ore,
often mixed with
cadmium.
^
English 03ahd:186
cadmium, Camille, Camilla
V^
Persian
kadmTom : cadmium
wjOD
Qel
Qela
Qely
Qem
Qeque
Qer
see root: Kel4
see root: Q.l.y
see root: Q.l.y
see root: Kam 2
see root: Keku
see root: Ker3
380
Qeud I Qreus
Qeud
Qhad
Qhar
see root: Keued
see root: Khad
see root: Karl
Arabic 03 ahd:202
Qirbah, Qirrabah:
a leathern bottle
V*
Persian UJ AHD:202; FVA:328; MON:2651
Qarrabeh : a glass bottle (for wine) ( ul i ) ij\"3
Hafez JZA <oL) Zkfi J iji JtS <Ulji JaJb- _ jSj-J fj-?- iA) lk> aLjul) 1$* _p
^
^
English 03 WEB:272; KLN:238; AHD:202
Carboy : large glass bottle
Qirrabah
see root: Qirbah
Arabic 03 sap:93
~X
Q. 1 -Y : to cook or barbecue meat
Qely, Qela : alkaline material
obtained from wood ash
Persian 03 SAP:94; MON:2724
qalya : alkaline UJ
qalyeh : a food made with meat <ulS
v*
^
French 03 kln:50
alcali : alkali
English 03 kln:50
alkali, alkaline
Qor
Qr
Qreu
Qreus
see root: Ker3
see root: Ker3
see root: Kreu
see root: Kreu
381
Q.r.m I Quseros
Arabic 03 fva:330
~X
CJ.r.tTl : a fabric with colored patterns
W
Arabic 03 fva:330
miqrameh : embroidered cloth
I
h
Persian ffl FVA:330; MON:4296
'
meqrameh : embroidered cloth <U"Xo
Turkish
03 AHD:781
makrama :
towel, napkin
Italian
macrame
French
macrame
h
Persian
'
makromeh : <^^
an ornamental lacework
v*
^
English 03ahd:781
macrame : coarse lacework used to trim furniture
Qrus
Qruwes
Qsei
Qseu
Qseud
see root: Kreu
see root: Kreu
see root : Ksei 1
see root: Kes 2
see root: Kseud
Semitic 03 kln:255
Q.t.l":
to smoke, exhale
Arabic 03 KLN:255; SAP:1272
Q.t.T : to smoke, smell
Hebrew
03 KLN:255
qater : smoke,
incense
Greek 03 kln:255
KedrUS : a tree
(wood) used
for burning
sacrifices
Latin 03 kln:255
CedrUS: cedar tree
I
Persian 03 mon:1846
Sedr: cedar tree
)Jta«u
^
French
03 FSD:428
cedre
English 03 FSD:428; KLN:255
cedar, citric, citrus
Quatis
Quatos
Que
Quomn
Quoros
Qusero
Quseros
see root: Kuatos
see root: Kuatos
see root: Kwe
see root: Kamma
see root: Kur
see root: Karl
see root: Karl
382
Quseros I Qwri
Quseros
Qusudros
Qwe
Qwei
Qwek
Qwel
Qwer
Qwetwor
Qweye
Qwi
Qwri
see
root :
Sper
see
root :
Ksudros
see
root :
Kwe
see
root :
Kwei 1
see
root :
Kwek
see
root :
Kwel
see
root :
Kwer
see
root :
Kwetwer
see
root :
Kweye
see
root :
Kwei 1
see
root :
Kwri
383
Raga | Ragamu
R
^
Old Persian / Avestan 03 MON5:636
A
r\3C|cl, r\3C|cl : city of "Ray" south of Tehran.
Persian LLI BQT:985; FVF:278
> —
Ray : a city south of Tehran
lSj
razT : from Ray
^'h
razeg 1 : a famous type of grape from Ray
Jh
"razegf was not found in MON.
Arabic ffl fvf:278
razeq I : a type of grape
U
Persian ffl fvf:278
razeqT : a type of grape
Jh
Greek 03 MON5:636
RazeX : city of Ray
razakene : from Ray
Raga
see root: Raga
Akkadian 03 KLN:1573; AHD:396
~x
Ragarnu:s):,]:i
TargUtnanU : interpreter
^ I Aramaic 03 AHD:396; KLN:1573
turgemana : interpretei
w
Arabic 03 KLN:1573; DOZ:35
tarjama, tardjama : he translated
v*
Middle Greek 03 ahd:396
dragoumanos
Persian 03 MON:1064; SOR:37
tarjomeh : translation
motarjem : translator
tarjom : speech, statement ( l)1*?" >> ) <*?" S
w
Latin 03ahd:396
dragumanus
Old French 03 ahd:396
drugeman
English Q3ahd:396
dragoman : an interpretei
W
^
Hebrew 03 kln:1573
targum : translation
(of the old testament)
English 03 KLN:1573; AHD:1316
Targum : Aramaic translations of the Old Testament
Targumist
384
Raika Re
Old Persian 03 hrn:142; brt
~X
Raika:
sand, gravel
W
Pahlavi 03 phd:73
reg : sand
^
Persian 03 HUB:68; BQT:989; HRN:142
fig : sand, gravel
Rudakl
Raud
see root: Raup
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:251
~X
Raup, Raud:
to sweep away
Pahlavi 03 ISS:252
ropet, r6p 2 : sweep
givak-r6p : "room sweeper", broom^ Ei
Sogdian 03 ISS:251
fWp : to sweep
Persian 03 ISS:252
roftan : to sweep ( ^J^y j , tfi)j ) tfij
^
Semitic 03 VDQ:214; KLN:1293
R.b.b
: to be great, large or numerous
Arabic
ffl KLN:1293; VDQ:214
r.b.b : to be great,
also to be thick
and dense
^
V*
Aramaic ffl kln:1293
rabb : great, chief, master
^
Hebrew 03 kln:1293
► —
Persian UJ VDQ:214; FVA:153,155
fab, rabb : master, teacher, developer, God
morabba : developed (food), jam
^
robb : concentrated (dense) juice
w P
Vajdf | jy *X>U> ;>y» 4jy Ss Jj> j^ -
I j y .iJ^UJ-5 y ji3 jJJii uj U
f.b.b : to be great or numerous
rabh : great, master
rabbi : my master
Pahlavi B3vdq:215
raba : great respectful
This word had entered Pahlavi
language in pre-lslamic era.
► Greek
► Latin
English 03 kln:1293
rabbi : my master, my teacher,
a Jewish title of respect.
Re
see root : Ere 1
385
Redh Redh
W
Indo-European 03 knt:205
Redh, Regh : to separate, isolate
Old Persian
03 KNT:205; BQT:949
rad 2, radh, ras 2 -.set free
ava-rad : abandon
~x
h
Persian ffl BRT:1505; KNT:205; BQT:949; FFD:55
'
rahldan : escape, become free ( 'Jmam ) /)*LJ& )
J6^j 4 C^jlj < <y-*j'3 * O^j'5
CUwl -X>j /J-0 <■ J> y^> (J I Jj J U wiJ
Sa'df C-**J) i^'^W *-** J— *"i V?" d) 0UiJ_-M>> jl V
Avestan 03 KNT:205; NYB:167
rah : to escape, set free
razah : isolation
Persian 03 BQT:926; HRN:134
J'J
386
Reg 1 | Reg 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:854; knt:206
Reg 1 , RektO : move straight, right
~~\
Avestan 03 pok:854
rasta : right
ereZU : straight (line)
razma : lined up
(for a fight)
aiwi-reg : to
straighten up Ambhi
Persian ffl BQT:134,944,946; HRN:136
rast : right, straight
C-wjI J
raj : line, row
V
radeh : a row of soldiers
<«!)> °->j
razm : battle (with rows of soldiers)
fjj
afrastan : to elevate
<0-4j!>> ^/ < cr-^ 1
Asadr C-JhSj ^Oy r y? (jy%
Ci"W-X)l &J
_ W-wJl w
jJj-LS^j IjcM
Old Persian 03 knt:171,206
arsta : rectitude
ardu : upright
rasta : right, true
Sanskrit 03 ahd:785
maha-raja : great rule^ Meg
Persian
Maharajeh
^'JM
Germanic 03 ahd
rehtaz : right
rak6 : rake
English
right, rich, rake
Latin 03 ahd
regere : to guide
regu\a : straight bar
SUrgere : to surge
French
Persian 03 mon
oV'
ad res : address
rezim : government, diet -j'\ *
v»
English 03 ahd
escort, address, regime, regular, rail, rule
V k
English 03 ahd
direct, dress, correct, source
V
Latin 03 ahd
rex : ruler, king
V
Spanish 03 ahd
real : royal c
Persian 03 bqt:985
nyal : unit of money lju )
Currency after the Spanish domination of the Persian Gulf.
French 03 ahd
Persian 03vop:193
royal : royal Jl>J J
English 03 ahd
royal
^
English 03 ahd
Rex
387
Reg 2 | Rei
Reg 2
see root.
Rek
W I Sanskrit 03 syn:1051
^
^
Indo-European ffl pok:854
r\GC| O : to dye, color
raj, raga, ranga : be colored,
grow red
W
Pahlavi
03 HRN:138; BQT:964; PHD:72
rang : color
Persian UJ mon:1677
rang : color (lS}#° ' Sij < jy^j < Sij> ' ) Sij
rang-a-rang : colorful (^Sij < Siy, Sij) SijSij
rangTn kaman : rainbow
Persian UJ IEC:1065; MON:1640
rajtdan : to color to paint ( \ J>j * t (\X>\) ) AXc*- j
Sanskrit 03 OEW:333; AHD:1536
raksa, laksa : (red) color
lac : an Insect with red eyes,
a swarm of such insects,
a large number (100,000).
POK:32 and KLN:47,856 derive
these words from the Indo-European
root "Alek:to protect".
Persian UJ KLN:856; BQT:1878
lak : red resin, lacquer JJj
ol> ji^ y t -Lew 3 £*j& ^J>
Onsort Si ojj_o_it> J>U» Jiii ^j>j
See "Alek" for another possible root.
W
| Portuguese |
^
French |
English 03 skt:281
lacquer, Shellac
^(•Persian 03 KLN:856; BQTilQOcT
lak : hundred thousand (soldiers)
SI
.1^5 ol> fij <0 JL& 3I yJj 'j JxJ <p _ ol> j> jl J\x> <G SAfi A*! <G (j\ j^>
0'
See "Alek" for another possible root.
I,
4* Arabic
G3 AFM:141; FVF:613
lajj : a large number of people,
also the deepest point of sea.
Persian ffl mon:3569
lojjeh : the deepest point of sea 4J3J
p '
See "Alek" for another possible root.
W
^
Greek 03 SYN:1051; OEW:333
rhegOS : color, dye (red)
rego-lith: red stone
English 03 syn:333
regolith
Regh
Rei
see root: Redh
see root: Leudh
388
Rei 1 | Reig
Indo-European 03 pok:860
KG I 1 '.possession
~~\
W
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:860
fa 2 : to give
raiti, a-raiti 2: generous Q
raevant : rich
Apo
Persian 03 bqt:926
rad:
Latin 03ahd
res : thing
English
real, republic
^
W
Indo-European 03 pok:857; ieC:1067
~X
Rei 2, Re'\Q : to scratch, tear, cut
Rekp : to pull, break
Avestan
03 POK:858
raesah, raes : wound,
injury
Persian UJ bqt:988
riS 1 : wound, wounded
Baba Taher
O^J
*>)>% fJ^j J^> J*v >Sa$ _ I j »}} p^j {£' & r^y 1 ^ y
Avestan / Old Persian
03 FFD:56
ris 2, HZ : to spin threads
Persian 03 BQT:951; HUB:12; FFD:56
ristan : to spin threads ( Cjij , \1&) ) 'r~*>J
riSldan : to spin threads ( i^JJ^j ( ^Iwj ) ^-^r^J
abrisam : silk JSj J
Hafez •■!»•■• • ■. • l_
V
Persian ffl I EC: 1067
'
nzeh : fragment, small piece
8 X>
HZ 2 : small (piece)
X;
Hafez cUwl Vjy ?b J ijj >w j^i J^l GjJ>j <0
_ i^LJisi l)^* ci-w-o y_5 y fiXJi j— 3 )—%"$'" j
Sanskrit 03 POK:858; HRN:17,137
res, ricate:totear
lekha : to sketch, design
Sogdian 03 S0D:148
dykh : letter
Germanic 03 ahd
raigwa : row
raipaz : rope
rip : ready to be reaped
English
row
rope
ripe
Latin 03 ahd
ripa : land cut by water flow
English
river, arrive
^
Greek 03 ahd
replon : to
remove seeds
English
ripple
Reig
see root.
Rei 2
389
Rek Rem
Indo-European 03 POK:863; WLD2:362
Rek, Reg 2 : to m
~X
W
Sanskrit
03 WLD2:362; POK:863
racana, rasana:rope,
strap, belt
^
(•Pahlavi 03 SNS:227
^
rasan : rope
Persian
ffl HRN:137;
SNS:227
rasan :
rope, string
iW
to measure with a rope
Ferdowsf • 1 J J '<
(tape)
^ <j>J ?-
• j) JJJW&
>.
3 ^jCj w
MON:1654 & AFM:72 claim "rasan" is th
3 Arabic pronunciation of Persian
"rfsman".
PLA:138 claims Arabic "rasan
is from Pahlav
"rasan".
Rekp
Rekto
see root: Rei 2
see root : Reg 1
^
Indo-European 03 pok:864
Rem : to rest
Avestan
03 POK:864; KLN:1335; SYN:841; AEF:351
raman : quiet
airime : gu/effy
hu-rama : well rested®"Su 1
paiti-raman : well arranged,
pleasant^ Par 3
Old Persian 03 knt:206
ram : to be at peace
Old High German 03 kln:1335
rasta : to rest
Persian
03 BQT:737,960; HRN:5; AEF:351; FAF:251; FFD:25
ram : quiet < ^ , ^|j , ^Ij , ^ ) (*lj
aram : quiet ( ^l^lj , OVj" '(/*"' j"^ f 'j~
XOfram : fresh, pleasant, cheerful
pedram : "pleasant", a male name
f'j-H
English
rest
390
w
Indo-European 03 pok:865
KGp : to crawl
Avestan 03 HUB:67; HRN:137
rap : to c
w
^
Latin 03 AHD; POK:865
repere : to creep
Rep | Rep
~x
Persian
03 BQT:955
raftan : tc
go
C^J
^3J • Aj
^
l«
J^J
Ferdowsf
zzy Ojb ji3-U^
)' *$ - ^ d'jj v^
$ WwjI
jljjMJP" ^UJt
w
Arabic 03 afm:74
ravaj : circulation
Persian 03 hrn:137
ravaj < g,| J( ^\j , gpjs ) ^\ }J
English
reptile
391
w
Ret | Ret
Indo-European 03 pok:866
Ket : to roll, run
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:866; LEW:904 ►
rad 2 : to run
ratha : chariot
ratha-estra : standing on
the chariot, soldier^^ Sta
Persian 03 BQT:97,1895; MON:191; ARB:203
arradeh : chariot
artestar : chariot rider, soldier
laskai":army
Pahlavi
03 BQT:934
fas : path, way
Persian UJ HUB:66; BQT:984; PLA:133; FFD:56
rah : path,
way, manner
< Jj*'j ' Jj*J ' 8 J >
h
Persian UJ HUB:66; BQT:984; PLA:133
'
rahbar:gu/de
( ioM j , Wifcj ) j*&J
raygan : "found on the road", free
o&Jj
tahban : road guard
iMj
raheb : one who watches his manners, monk
( 4Jbl j ) L-fcl j
w
Arabic 03 tad:17
torrahat : minor paths,
insignificant things
W
v*
Old Persian 03 knt:176
ratha : chariot
U-ratha : having good chariots ^Su 1
Latin 03 ahd
rota : wheel
ret-undus : wheel
I French B3ahd
V k
^
Persian
03 MON:1074
torrahat
Molavf
: worthless things
0^ J^
Persian 03 mon
Jjl» , cJ^ j
English 03 ahd
round, roll, roulette, control
English 03 ahd
rotate, rotary
392
Reu 1 Reud 2
Indo-European 03 pok:867
Reu 1, Reu 3, Ru 1, Reud 1
to cry, roar
Avestan 03 pok:867
raod 2 : to weep
Sogdian 03 S0D:346
Latin 03ahd
mgire:toroar
ru-mor : common talk
^-» | Germanic 03 kln:1352,1364~
^
~X
English
riot
rumor
English
roar, rumble
Indo-European 03 pok:869
ReU 2, ReUa, RU 2, ReUp: to dig up, tear out, snatch
ReUdh 2 : to clear land
ReUd 2: rough
W
^
W
v„
Avestan 03 KLN:1347; POK:869
raoidya : to cultivate land,
to be fit for cultivation
Latin 03 POK:870; AHD:1537
rumpere : to break
rudis : rough
English 03 AHD:1133,1537
rupture, abrupt, bankrupt, corrupt, disrupt, interrupt
rough
Germanic 03 KLN:1347; POK:869; AHD:1537
rutjan : to clear land, get rid of
rupja : to rip up
raubon : to rob
raubo : clothes taken as booty
English 03 AHD; POK:870; kln
rid
rip
rob, robber, rover, rubbish, rubble
robe
^
Old Norse 03 pok:868
ryja : to pluck wool from sheep
rogg : wool, hair
English 03 AHD:1077,1134; KLN:1363; POK:868
rug, rugged,
rag, ragged
Reu 3
Reua
Reud 1
Reud 2
see root : Reu 1
see root: Reu 2
see root : Reu 1
see root: Reu 2
393
Reudh 1 | Reup
Indo-European 03 pok:872
Reudh 1 -.red
^\
W
W
Avestan
03 POK:872
raoidita :
Pahlavi
03 MON:1695
rodtk, roy:
Persian 03 BQT:980,981; HRN:141; MON:1696
ruy 2 : zinc ( ^ j . ^3 j . jLj ; ) r (Jj j
ronas : a plant used for dying (^Sjoj ) . 0^*>3 1 ) L^J 1
Latin 03ahd
robeus :
French 03ahd ►-
Persian 03 mon
fUZ : red, lipstick \q j
English
rouge, ruby
^ | Germanic Q3ahd \ >-
^
English
red, rust
Reudh 2
see root: Reu 2
Indo-European 03 pok:871
KeUC| : to vomit, belch, produce smoke or vapor
Persian 03 POK:871; MON:44
rog: belch (fjj'tty
arog: belch i3jjT.j_jjT.jjT
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
riukan : to produce vapor, smell, stink
English
reek
Indo-European 03 pok:837
A
Reughmeri:
Avestan
03 POK:837; KLN:1307
raogna : oil
Pahlavi 03 bqt:978
rogn : on
rovn : on
Sogdian 03 S0D:345
rwgn : fat, on
Persian UJ bqt:978
rogan:o// ^
Molavr fi\J, j m^g, fjUl Oj^ 3 (S^JJ
Germanic ffl kln:1307; ahd
raugna: cream, oil
^
English 03 AHD; KLN:1307
ream 1 : cream
ramekin
Reup
see root: Reu 2
394
Reuto R.f.a"
W
Indo-European 03 pok:873
~X
ReUtO, ROUtO, Rut:/ntesf/nes, bowels
Avestan 03 pok:874
uruthwara, uruthwan, uruthwasca : abdomen, beiiy
W
Pahlavi 03 SNS:36
askumb : abdomen
Persian 03 SNS:36
eskam : abdomen, belly ( <UeSji i iSji ) Sji\
W
^
Pahlavi 03 pok:874
r6t 1 : Intestine
Persian UJ POK:874; HRN:139; BQT:970
rudeh :
"^SJ
Indo-European 03 pok:874
A
Rewe, Ru 3:
to open, open space
Avestan 03 POK:874; SYN:465; KLN:1356
ravah : space
ravaS-Carat : moves in free space (freely) ** Kwsl
Germanic 03 ahd
rumaZ : space, room
English 03 ahd
room
ream 2 : to widen
reamer
Latin 03 pok:874
rUS : open land
English 03 ahd
rural
Semitic 03 kln:1301
~X
R.f.a'
: to repair
W
W
Arabic ffl kln:1301
r.f.a', rafU:torepa/r
(damaged cloth)
Persian ffl fva:167
POT U : to repair torn cloth ^ j
Yaghma Jandaghf
Hebrew G3 KLN:1301; FSD:2051
rapha : he repaired, healed
rapha-e'l : God has healed or is a healer 1 ^ Layh
W
Greek
03 KLN:1301
Raphael
Latin
French
Persian
Rafael : "God is a healer"
jMj
^
English 03 kln:1301
Raphael, Raffael
395
Rk-so | R.y.m
Rk-so
see root: Rk-tho
W I Avestan 03 pok:875
Indo-European 03 pok:875; sod:70
Rk-tllO, Rk-SO : bear (animal)
aresa : bear
aresa-ama : with power
of a bear^^ Ome
Persian UJbqt:31,733
XerS : bear
Arsam : "with power of a bear", a male name
Greek 03ahd
arktOS : bear
arktlCOS : northern bear-shaped constellation
Latin
arcticUS : north pole
Celtic 03ahd
artho : bear
Sogdian 03 SOD:70
'ssh:(jear
<fbjT> fbjl
English
Arctic
English
Arthur
Ros
Routo
Ru 1
Ru2
Ru3
Rut
see root : Eres 1
see root: Reuto
see root : Reu 1
see root: Reu 2
see root: Rewe
see root: Reuto
Syriac 03 sap:617
R.y.ITl :to depart
W
W
Arabic 03 FVQ:262
r.y.m: to depart
Maryam : mother of Jesus
Persian 03 mon:4053
~X
Maryam : Mary ^ ,#
Moiavt j**/ 8 J-* *jj>v- jlft-wj y - vO ^l l5I19 iiy S rjj
Hebrew 03 AHD:802,1530; FVQ:262; KLN:943
Miryam : "rebellion", sister of Moses, mother of Jesus
I,
( 'Aramaic
Maryam
Greek
Maria, Mariam
^
English 03 AHD:802; KLN:943
Mary, Marilyn, Maria, Marvin
Marianne, marijuana, marihuana
396
Arabic ffl fva:161
rx.Z.ITI : to bundle up, collect
W
Arabic 03 fva:161
rezmeh : bundle
I
^
Spanish
03 KLN:1307; FSD:2060
resma : bundle
French 03 lam : 199
rame, rayme : bundle
R.z.m R.z.m
~X
Persian 03 FVA:161; MON:1649
rezmeh : bundle
^h
English 03 AHD:1086; KLN:1307
ream 3 : bundle of paper
(500 sheets)
397
Sabatu Sai 2
s
A
^
Akkadian 03 akd:67; bqt:1300
Sabatu :
to cut, stop working
Hebrew 03 bqt:1300
sabat:
to stop work
Persian UJ MON:2081; BQT:1300
Sanbeh : Saturday, day of rest
► Greek
I Latin
English 03 KLN:1369; AHD:1139
sabbatical, Sabbath
W
^
Arabic ffl bqt:1300
S.D.t : to cut, day of stopping the work, Saturday
h
Persian ffl mon:1815
Sabt : Saturday C-wU"
Sabha
Saen
Saena-merega
Sai 1
see root: Aba
see root: Se2
see root: Merega
see root: Se 1
A
Indo-European 03 pok:977; kln:1448
Sai 2, Sei 3, ST 3 : to bind
SneU, SneU, SllU: cord, band, tendon
Avestan 03 POK:977; KLN:1448
Snavar:(jand, sinew
h
Persian ffl hrn:291
'
Snavar : cord, band (obsolete) jaJw^
Germanic 03 ahd
SenaWO : tendon
English
Latin 03 pok:977
nerVUS : sinew
English 03 ahd
nerve, nervous
Greek 03 pok:977
neuron : sinew
English 03 ahd
neuron, neurology
398
Saka Sali
W
Indo-European 03 MON5:772; bqt:1158
~X
oaKa : name of an Aryan tribe N.E. of Iran, Scythians
Avestan / Old Persian B3bqt:1158
Saka 1 : Scythians
Saka-Stana : "land of Sakas", referring
to an area S.E. of Iran after Sakas
defeated its native people in 130 B.C.
Persian 03 BQT:1158; iuiON5:772
Saka : Scythians (' ^L» < oL» < <Ui ) l$w»
SagZI : of or pertaining to Scythians ( tC >Pw ) LS 'S*>»
SlStan : an area in S.E. Iran ( J\l*£wi ) ^llw-»
W
^
Greek 03 BQT:1158; iuiON5:772
Scythe : Scythia
English 03ahd:1169
Scythia, Scythian
Sanskrit 03 kln:1578
~X
Sakah :
W
W
^
Hindustani 03 hjb:910
Sagun : teak
Arabic 03 HJB:910; KLN:1578
Saj : teak
h
Persian ffl mon:1783
'
Saj : teak tree m [^
Malaysian 03 kln:1578
tekka : teak
Portuguese
teca : teak
English 03 ahd
teak
Greek 03 FSD:2161; AHD:1144
A
Salamandra
h
Persian UJ FSD:2161; BQT:1166; MON:1921
'
Samandar : a lizard-like amphibian believed not to burn in fire jJJwj^u
Rudakf ^l\X$5 Jua j> ()^jJj\ y 1 ' <0 - j-Ua-w Jw> j> {j$)S Jz£> <0
►
Arabic ffl tad:37
samandar
w
^
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:1374
salamandra
French 03 ahd
salamandre
English 03 AHD; FSD:2161
salamander
Sanskrit 03 bqt:1229
Sali:
grains, cereals
v*
^
Persian UJ BQT:1229; MON:2000
Sail : rice, especially in the husk j\£>
h
Persian UJ bqt; mon:2070
SallZar : rice field cr Kwsl j'}"^
Saltiik : rice in the husk ( Sy\s> ) SySji
399
Saliba | Sarpu
Aramaic 03 BQT:656; MON:1310
~x
Saliba:
Arabic
03 MON:1310,2161
salib :
Sogdian 03 S0D:126
clyb' :c
Persian 03 MON:1310; BQT:656
CalTpa : cross ( .Li? ) LI?
Farrokhr wJ-£ iy> Lwjj <lLs b _ CJiXfri iyi ^Ujl <ul° b
Persian 03 mon:2161
Sallb : cross ( y^Lafl ) l-J-p
Hafez C-wJj (-^Jw** ?b 3 v^' j ^ ^3^^ - -^-^ «Jv> I j ^jyiw yS <0 bo I
Arabic 03 sap:818
OBl |3 : to paralyze (hand)
V*
^
Persian UJ bqt:1287
Sal 2 : lame, crippled
SalTdan : to lame
Sam
Samser
see root: Sem 2
see root: Sfsyr
W
Akkadian 03 AHD:1206; KLN:1445
A
03fcipU : to melt, refine
OdfpU : refined silver
Arabic ffl kln:1445
S . f.f : to purify silver
Sarraf : coin and money exchanger
Persian ffl mon:2144
sarraf
31%
money exchanger ^i ^p
f" J** )') i)y% '-^ <s -*"^ £)v 3 *^^ > J^y^"
w
^
Old English 03 ahd:1206
Seolfor : silver c
English
silver
Sarpu
see root: Sarapu
400
Saus Savala
W
Indo-European 03 pok:881
Saus, Sus: ,y
~x
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:881; SOD:373; ETM:64
haUS : to dry
haus-a, huska :t*y
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:373
Skw : dry
Persian 03 BQT:752; MON:1461; ETM:64
XOSk : dry
<+
L
^
Old Persian 03 knt:178
USka : dry
Greek 03ahd
aUSterOS : harsh
English
austerity
Avestan 03 HRN:166; NYB:181
~x
SaV 1 : to benefit
SaVah 1 : welfare
Pahlavi 03 hrn:166
SLjt : benefit, interest
Sogdian 03 S0D:366
SWt : interest, benefit
Persian 03 hrn:166
SLJCj : interest, benefit, advantage ( JJ^Oa^u ) }&»>
Khaqanf Shervanf
Savah 1
see root : Sav 1
Sanskrit 03 hjb:824
~X
SSVB\B: (a fabric)
marked with colors
V k
Persian 03 HJB:824; KLN:1432; MON:2000; FRS:171; BQT:1228
Sal 1 : scarf ( jXS" JUs ) ^ JU
Sal 2, Salang : a thin rough and inexpensive rug lSJjUu 4 ' iJuS
Onsorf CU3U LjjO 3 C^_**> ' JL£ _*-5 <0 _ CU31JU 3 £*J&> ^ JL> J-la ^l j
KLN:1432 derives these from "Saliat" an Indian town famous for its shawls
W
W
Hindustani 03ahd:1192
Sawl : shawl
Through Urdu language
English 03 AHD:1192; KLN; SKT
shawl
^
Arabic 03 BQT:1228; FVF:391
Sal : a rough rug or thick cloth
French 03 bqt:1228
chale
401
Sawel Sawel
W
Indo-European 03 pok:881
Sawel, Su 3 -.sun
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan
03 POK:881
hvare, xvar 1 :
sun, light
Persian 03 MON:5220; BQT:2389
hur 2 : sun, star
XOr : sun
J5*
w
Persian LLI FVF:189; AFM:50
hUT-ban : "sun guard", /y
chameleon, it is called
"aftab-parast: sun worshipper"
in modern Persian.
"hurban" was not found in MON.
ky*
Arabic ffl FVF:189; AFM:50
horba : chameleon gy ^
V^
Persian LLI mon:1347
herba : chameleon y ^
^
Avestan
03 POK:881; KLN:1469; HRN:111
h Vare-XSaeta : bright sun ®" Kssi 2
hvare-asan : sun rise, east
hvare-varan : where sun
goes, west ^^ Bher 1
Persian UJ BQT:723; MON:1395
XOrSld : sun
XOfasan : an eastern state in Iran
xavar[an] : west
Fakhr Gorganf
i-wl j<p* (J>yy ^3^0' cA^'j^*
v»
Persian UJ BQT:2220; IEC:1334
no-hur : sun light, sight, eye ja^n
p
bad-nohUT : unsightly, ugly ja#3 J*}
Sanayf Pjyfyi Xi "J* 3 Jij<p* ^> (ji&i) <0 - /JU-JU f J*-£> 0^ J J— 5 HO')'
W
Avestan 03 POK:881; BQT:1451
hvarenah, xvarenah, farnah:
brilliance, elegance
famavant : with bright fate,
blessed
V
Sogdian P3sod:155
fm : elegance
h
Persian ffl BQT:180,789,1443,1451; FSF:250
'
fam : elegance ( JJ^y < J&^i ()ji)y
faiTOX : blessed ( oji> i ) f "ji
FarTborZ : with elegant height, j W^
well posed^^ Bhergh
jU 3 i X*JZ> 3 i yJ& 3 i i>\j 3 i C-^J> >3
Ferdowsf
Avestan 03 pok:881
xvang : son
Germanic 03 ahd
SUnnon: sun
Latin 03 ahd
SOl : sun
English
sun, Sunday, south
English
'
solar
402
Sawel S.d.a'
W
Indo-European 03 pok:881
Sawel, Su 3 -.sun
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03 ahd
alos, helios:
Persian 03 MON:5091; TAD:75
haleh : halo, hue <J^
Saab ijj^i at> I Ji ^Jj-J ^U—wl jl _ JjU nXa JJbl jX) <UW> jUr> _p <ijO
English
helium
V*
Indo-European 03 pok:1045
Swel 2 :
r
Greek 03ahd:611
helene : torch
Helene : goddess of light
English 03 ahd
Helen, Aileen
^
Germanic 03 ahd
SWiltan : to perish from heat
English 03 ahd
swelter
Arabic 03 kln:1756
A
Say' : thing
Persian 03 mon; fva:223
Sey' : thing ( \ji\ lt U>l ) t J,
w
Spanish ffl PRT:813; KLN:1756
X a letter sounding "s,sh" used as a short
form for the Arabic word "say': thing"
^
English 03 kln:1756
X : used in mathematics to mean an unknown "thing"
X-ray : a kind of radiation that was not understood
well when named so
Arabic ffl SAP:857; KLN:1468
~X
S.d.a :
to split
W
Arabic 03 sap:857
SOda' : a head-splitting
headache
Persian 03mon:2137
SOda' : headache
Latin 03 kln:1468
SOda : headache
SOdanum : an alkaline used to cure headaches
Wl
French
^
English
soda
sodium
►
Persian UJ mon:1947
SOda : soda water O a*u
fc
Persian 03 mon:1847
'
SOdyom : sodium -jX»
403
Se 1 | Se 3
Indo-European 03 pok:891
Se 1 , Sei 1 , ST 1 , Sai 1 : to bind, tie
SoitO : band, dam
<+
W
Avestan
03 POK:891,892; BRT:1800; FFD:74
sa 1 , ha 1 , hay : to tie
hinu, haetU : band, dam
Wi-Sa, Vi-hay : untie, let go, open ^Wi
^
Latin 03 pok:892
Saeta:sW/7a/r
Pahlavi
03 BQT:1818
visatan : to c
~X
Persian
03 BRT:1801; HRN:205; FFD:74
gOSadan : to open iVUS'
English 03ahd:1186
seta, setae -.stiff hair
Indo-European 03 pok:889
Se 2, Sei 2, ST 2 : to throw, leave
Ocien : release, relax, be late, do slowly, a period of time
Avestan 03 pok:890
hati : a piece
hathra : a time period
Pahlavi 03 SNS:3
hasr, hasar : a unit of time,
one and a half to two hours.
Persian 03 hrn:280
haSf: a unit of time (obsolete) ««U&
Germanic 03 ahd
sTdo : long part, side
Slth : later
English
side
since
Indo-European 03 pok:889; ahd:1537
Se 3 : to sift
^\
Latin
03 POK:889; WLD2:459
Situla : a sift, bucket, pail
Greek 03 ahd
ethein : to sift
ethmoeides : perforated
Persian / Arab 03 ARK:221; TAD:35; FVF:361
Satl : bucket, pail iLi-'
MON believes it is Arabic but PLA:160 claims it is borrowed from Persian.
► I French
English 03 ahd
ethmoid bone : a spongy bone in the nasal cavity
404
Sed Sed
^
Indo-European ffl POK:884,887; KLN:1075
OGQ : to sit, to place
also to place a step, to go
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 POK:884-887; FFD:78
had, hd, zd, sas 2: to sit
sadayeiti : sits
ni-Sadaiti : sits down cr Ni 1
ni-Sasti: mating®" NT 1
Persian UJ BQT:2145-7; HRN:231
nesastan : to sit down ( yjij ) ■s^Ji
nasim : place where birds sit down, nest ( 'yo*J& ) ~Ji3
Hafez cUwl ^ul '^jKfi tuS /ul <G y <y*~^
W
V
,^
^
w
V*
Avestan 03 HRN:71; FFD:43
Sad, Sand : settlement, agreement
Upa-Sad : (good for) agreement'^" Upo
avara-Sad : settle down, satisfy^ Au 2
Avestan 03 POK:886-887
nazdyO : sat very close, near
asna : near
asnaoiti : to get close to
Avestan 03 POK:885-887
hastra : assembly, meeting
hadlS : residence, palace
pasus-hasta: ?
apo-had : to put away®" Apo
Avestan 03 POK:885-887
Syazd : to step back
sTzdyamna : recess
Stzdyo : to give up
Sizdra : shy
Old Persian 03 knt:212,213
had : to sit
had-is : seat pa/ace
ni-had : set down, established^ NT 1
Greek 03ahd
hodos : way, path
ana-hodoS : up way (for electric charges), anode
Kata-hodoS : down way (for electric charges), cathode
met-hodos : (path) for proceeding, method
epi-eis-hodos : going in besides, episode^ En
v»
Persian 03 bqt:406
pasandTdan : to admire, select
p s n d , d I p s n d
XOrsand : satisfied, happy
Persian 03 BQT:2117-33; HRN:230
nazd : near ( Slip ) 3)3
naXOSt : closest, first C«jj
► I French
W
Persian UJ MON:2782,3797
anod : "up way"
JjT
Katod : "down way"
JjlS"
metod : "proceeding way"
ilfl
^
English
anode, cathode, method, episode, period
405
Sed Sei 3
Indo-European ffl POK:884,887; KLN:1075
OGQ : to sit, to place
also to place a step, to go
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W | Germanic B3ahd | »-
W I Greek 03 ahd ►
English
sit, set, settle, nest, seat, saddle
English
chair
^ | Latin 03 ahd \ >-
^
English
sedan, soil, session, hostage, president
Akkadian 03akd:69
A
Sedu
devil, mad person
V*
Aramaic ffl bqt:1320
Seda, Satan : demon
Persian UJ bqt:1320
Seyda : crazy, frenzied (with love)
jIXmw <jwj\£ Oy I 'y& *w>
w
L
Arabic 03 bqt:1320
seytan : dew/
Persian 03 mon
seytan : dew/
' j ' JjXv J *'
^
Hebrew 03 kln:1385
Satan : adversary
English
Satan
Indo-European 03 pok:888
OGC|n : to hold, overrule
A
W
W
Avestan 03 pok:888
haZ : to gain
hazah : victory
^
Greek 03 pok:888; ahd
SXema : a holding, form, shape
SXOle : a holding back, stop, rest
I Latin
English 03 ahd
scheme, sketch
school, scholar
Sei 1
Sei 2
Sei 3
see root: Se 1
see root: Se2
see root: Sai 2
406
Seiku | Seip
Indo-European 03 OEW:340; pok:893
Seiku, Seikw: to now
^\
Avestan 03 pok:893
haek 2, hincaiti, hicaiti: flows from
hixra : liquid increment
fra-saekam : spilling ®" Par 1
Sogdian 03 SOD:303
psync : to sprinkle
Latin 03ahd
Siccus : flowed out, dry
Persian 03 AEF:391; MON:799
pasanjidan : sprinkle ( <6JJSj , Sxti ) ^X>?w£j
French B3ahd:1141
Sec : without water
h
Persian Uvop:213
'
Sek : non-diluted drink <Jk*i
English ffl AHD:1141; OEW:346
Sack : a dry strong v
V k
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:893
Sincati : flows from
English 03 ahd; oew
desiccate: to dry out
Seikw
see root: Seiku
Indo-European 03 pok:894
~X
OGI p : to pour out, drip
w
Latin
03 POK:894; AHD
SapO : soap
Greek
03 BQT:1330
Sapon : soap
Arabic 03 tad:43
saboun :
Persian 03mon:2118
sabun:
0^>U
^ | Germanic 03 ahd \ >-
^
English
soap, sip, sieve
407
^
w
Sek | Sek
Indo-European
03 AHD; POK:920,926,930,931,941; IEC:640,1155
OGK : to cut, scrape, separate, tear, etc.
Sked 1, Sker 2, Skei, Skhed,
Skep, Skel 2, Skaf, Ker 2
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan
03 POK:919,930; SOD:61
SCand : to break
Skenda : crippled, broken
SCapti : to split
kaf , kaf : to break
> —
Persian UJ BQT:1275, 1279; HRN:175
Sekastan : to break
sekaftan : to spin
kaftan, koftan : to break open, split
Rudakf y^ )^"^ <JCw> Sy» oXjy .
Avestan 03 pok:919
Sa 2, Sana, Sya 1 : to sharpen ?
fra-Sanam : destruction
Compare with the Avestan
words from root "Ak"
Persian 03 BQT:1184, 1462
Sudan : to rub, grind
farSLidan : to wear out, rub off
CI-wjO kjvo oJiyw t\$r~ > c'.Y V
w
Avestan
03 POK:941; KLN:1432; HRN:188; SYN:321
kereta : knife, a cut trench
kareman, careman : hide cut off animals
karena_OSa : cut from hearing, deaf
ha-keret : cut once ®" Sem 1
skarena:cu( round
w
Sogdian 03 SOD:128,193,19
Crm : leather
km : deaf
krt : knife
Persian
03 BQT:1559; HRN:25,98,221,244
MON:2935; SYN:321
kard : knife
>JS
kart : a trench cut for irrigation
CJJ>
Carm : hide (cut from animals)
f>?
kaf : deaf (with cut hearing)
}
agar : if "cut once"
<j?j» « jk>j?l
w
v*
^
Avestan 03 POK:578,920,947
Sari, Sari, Said, Sid: fragment
Wi-Sis, Vi-Saed : cut apart, send away^Wi
Sairi-gaona : like cut (dropped) from the body,
dung^Geu 1
Persian 03 HRN:205; BQT:1816; POK:578,947
gOSIXtan : cut apart ( J^ ( ^J$ ) ,yA~«£
Sargin, Sergin: an/ma/ dung ■-£ yti
yil 3 Jij>jo_> LaS o_jM ^)yS $}>-&
Molavt y)U Ojla ^ I j ^ jjj ( vS «*> Sj'yij'j
Latin 03 AHD; IEC:1155
secare : to cut
re-Secare : cut against
riseCUm : rock at sea that cuts ships,
danger, risk
COrtUS : short
French 03 ahd
risque : danger
Persian
UJ MON:1703
risk : risk
lX*jj
English
03 AHD
section
insect, risk
408
Sek Seks
^
W
Indo-European
03 AHD; POK:920,926,930,931,941; IEC:640,1155
OGK : to cut, scrape, separate, tear, etc.
Sked 1, Sker 2, Skei, Skhed,
Skep, Skel 2, Skaf, Ker 2
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 pok:926
Xerpta : cut, shaped
hu-Xerpta, hu-kehrpta : shaped like a boar, p/g®"Su 2
Persian UJ bqt:794
XUK : "boar-shaped animal", pig
J,
f
Persian ffl IEC:640; MON:1982
SIM : slap, blow
Jv*
Germanic 03 ahd
skith : a cut branch or piece of wood
used for walking on snow, snow ski
French
ski
h
Persian ffl mon:272
'
eskT:sw S*J
^
English 03 ahd
ski
Latin 03 ahd
CrT-bellare : to sieve, separate
Arabic 03 ahd:543
garbala : a s
Persian 03 mon:2397
garbal : a i
< <Jsij* > J^ij*
Germanic 03 ahd
words meaning to cut,
shape, peel or skin, etc.
English 03 ahd
shelf, half, shape, shave, skin, skirt, saw,
scrap, sharp, shirt, shears, score, short
Latin 03 ahd
SCire : to know, distinguish
English 03 ahd
science, conscience, nice
Latin 03 ahd
CarO : flesh
Cami-levare : reduce flesh,
a festivity before fasting,
carnival Legwh
French 03 ahd
carnaval
h
Persian B3vop:269
'
kamaval : carnival \)\*\jj6
English 03 ahd
carnival, carnivorous
V
Indo-European ffl ieC:1155
OKGl : division, part, thought
c
Old Iranian 03 ffd:61
kar 3, kar 3 : to think
US-kar-a : to think
W
^
Pahlavi 03 ffd:61
uskar, uskard : thought
Persian UJ FFD:61; MON:1903
Segal : thought, (a bad) idea ( JISL* ) JSm
Nezamf Ganjavf
Seks
see root: Sweks
409
Sekw Sekw
Indo-European 03 pok:896
SekW:tofc//ow
~X
W
W
W
W
Avestan 03 ZAW:38,242; POK:896
hasa-kerta, asa-gerd : follower^ Kwev
haxay, nasi : follower, companion, friend
haxa-manis : friendly mannered^" Man 1
Persian 03 MON:1999; BQT:2316
Sagerd : student, "follower"
Haxamanes :
"with friendly thoughts and manners"
Avestan 03 pok:896
haca : followed from
haca-adairi : from unde^ En
Pahlavi 03 hrn:12,150
aj : from
azef : from under, under
Persian 03 bqt:113,1051
az : from
Zl f : under
J'
jii
Old Persian 03 knt:212
haca : follow, from
haxa : friend
haxa-manis : with friendly manners^
Latin 03ahd
Signum : sign, mark
sigillatUS : a record
Arabic
03 AHD:1159
siqillat:w/ft
little images
Sejell : a sealed
record
Persian
03 AHD:1159; ARK:221
saqarla
: a type
of cloth
o ii JL*>
Sejel : a record
A^UW
(l^W
sM
yS- <J w? j— ?* yS-
Molavf
Jiji
y* oWj 3 o'j'j* J-*
v*
English 03 ahd
seal, sign, resign, assign
U
Latin 03ahd:1159
SCarlatum : a purple cloth
English
scarlet
w
French
aSSignat: assigned
bonds
Russian 03 DMO:220
aSSignatsia : money bill
v*
^
Latin 03 ahd
SOCiUS : companion
Sequi : to follow
SeCOnduS : coming next
Persian
03 DMO:220
ARK:239
eskenas : money bill
^UX«I
English
03 AHD
society,
pursue,
second
association
sequence, execute
410
Selg | Sem 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:900
~X
OGlC| : to let go, release
Avestan
03 POK:900; HRN:245
harz, herezaiti : to allow, release
h
Persian ffl BQT:2361, 2339
'
hastan, hestan : to let go >zj&
halTdan : to let go AJulfc
J— J <Ow»fl C-_ii^Jji )l CUiOo ,\— 4— >
Hafez C-Jl$J jJ£-> 3 Jjys> <U*J <0 CUwl JsW <G
v*
^
Germanic 03 ahd
Sulk : to become sluggish
English 03 ahd
sulk, sulky
W
Indo-European 03 pok:902-904
Sem 1, Srri: one
Avestan 03 pok:902-904
ham 1 : with, also, too
hamo-gaona : everyone ^Gsu 1
ham-mana : like that^Men 1
ha-karat : one cut, once^'Sek
han-dama : put together, shaped^" Dhs 2
hama 1 : same, equal, fiat level
y>
Pahlavi 03 mon:5176
ham-emal, hamahl : equal, simitar
W
Avestan 03 pok:902-904
ham-par : store together^ Pal 1
ham-tax : throw together,
compare Teku 1
han-kar:todo®"Kwsr
hama-baga : share w/fh^Bhag
^
~x
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Persian 03 bqt; hrn
ham : too, together ( S*A , <UA ) J>>
ham-sTreh : sibling, sister 8 .JieA
haman : same thing ( bleA ) JUA
agar:,f (§J><£*)$\
andam : shape (put together) Ajj\
hamun : land with same (flat) elevation
oy"
h
Persian UJ IEC:1244; MON:5167
hamal : hub ( JUU ) JU*
farrOX-hamal : auspicious, prosperous \j\tsJb t"'&
Persian 03 bqt; hrn
( jLil ) /j*^M'
(^ll^fl <^»JJ>A <ojlJjl) jvij-ljjl
anbastan : to store
andaxtan : throw
engastan : think ( j&| ( ^ j&| ) ^Sil
anbaz, anbag: partner (*L5l)jLjl
411
Sem 1 Sem 1
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:902,904
Sem 1, Sm
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03 POK:902-904; HRN:30
han-jamana : come together'^' Gwa
han-jama : come to end^*" Gwa
han-gmatana : place to get together'^' Gwa
han-Vaeg : swing together, exc/te^Wsik 1
Persian 03 bqt:166,167,2368
anjoman : association
Cr**>'
anjam : ending, conclusion
( ("U>Olj*» ) ("u>ol
Ekbatan : name of a city
( (j\±«A ) i^tiloi
angixtan : to excite (
DjSil ) jyA^Sjl
Avestan 03 bqt:172
han-davatha : depressed^ Dhsu 2
han-du : to smear together'^' Dhsu 3
Uan-dareza: pull together, fortify, advise^ Dher 1
han-gama : af fte same (/me, during ^Gwa
Persian 03 bqt; mon
anduh : sorrow
O^Jjl
andudan : to smear
CP.S-^1
andarz : aov/ce
h^
hengam : time
fDJA
<+
w
Old Persian 03 knt:211,212
ha 1 : one, with
ha-da : with
ham : together
ham-karta : cooperation^ Kwsr
Greek 03 AHD; KLN:1557; IEC:1246
homOS, homalos :same
SUn : together
SUn-phonOS : harmonious sound^ Bha 2
SUn-ballein : throw together,
compare, symbol^^ Gwel 1
SUn-pOSion : drink together^ P6 2
French
homogene
symphonie
symbole
symposium
Persian 03 mon:1921
VOP:372
homozen
Ojr*
samfonT
(/J***
sambol
(Joaq^
sampoziyom
p0$$**'
English 03 ahd
symphony
^ I Latin
English
homogenous, symbol, symposium
Russian 03ahd:1148
samo-war, samo-vari, samo-varitT:se/fco/fer®"wsr5
Persian UJ mon:1918
Samavar:"se/fDO//er"
J2
UhW
Germanic 03 ahd
Latin 03 ahd \>-
English
same, some, seem
English 03 ahd
single, simple, sincere, similar
simulate, simultaneous, resemble, assemble
412
Sem 2 Sen 1
Indo-European 03 pok:905
SeiTI 2, Sam : summer
^\
Avestan 03 POK:905; KLN:1541
ham 2, hama 2:
Persian 03 hrn:280
hamin : summer (obsolete)
(>***
Sanskrit 03 kln:1541
Sama : half-year
Germanic 03 pok:905; ahd
SUmaraZ : summer
English 03 ahd
^
Greek 03 KNT:209; MON:1982
~x
OGITId : marked, stamped (coin)
A"S©fTI3 : unmarked, unstamped (silver)
Pahlavi ffl knt:209
asem, S\m: silver
SI men : made of or shining
like silver, white
Persian UJ BQT:1212; KNT:209; MON:1982
sTm 2 : silver
S I m 3 : electric wire (originally made of silver)
Sim 4 : mercury (due to Its white shiny color)
Tafisr Vahtd
r
&9w> I j {j\L*y Loj j) q *****
w
^
Old Persian 03 knt:209
Siyaman : made of silver
Indo-European 03 pok:907
Sen 1, Seno: M
Avestan 03 pok:907
hana, hana:o«
Latin 03 POK:907; ahd
senex : old
Senior :o«, old man
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:907
French 03 ahd
monsieur -.sir
Seinat : an assembly of old wise men
SenateUT: a member of the senate
V k
Persian UJ hrn:280
han : old (obsolete)
Persian UJ mon:1925,4125
mosyo : sir
p
Sena : senate
L»
Senator : senator
ja3Uiww
English 03 ahd
sir, senior, senile, senate, senator
413
Sen 2 Ser 1
Indo-European 03 pok:907
~X
Sen 2, Seni
apart, separated, without
Avestan 03 pok:907
hanare :
Sanskrit 03 pok:907
SanU-tar : apart from
Latin 03 pok:907
Sine : without
sincerUS : not affected, pure
^
English 03 kln:1447
Sans : without
sans serif
sincere
Seni
Seno
see root: Sen 2
see root : Sen 1
Indo-European 03 pok:909
Septm : seven
A
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:909; kln:1426; gpl:41
hapta : seven
hapta-dasa : seventeen^ Dskm
haptaiti : seventy
Persian 03 bqt:2341
haft:
( ikia , «ji& , &a ) cia
Germanic 03 ahd
sibum:
English
seven, seventeen, seventy
Latin 03 ahd
septem :
English
September
Indo-European 03 pok:909
Ser 1 : to flow
PART 1
A
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
^
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:909
hareva, haraiva : name of a river in Afghanistan
h
Persian
harat : "the flowing" ol >A
Latin 03 ahd
Serum : liquid from animal tissue
French
Persian 03 mon
Serom : liquid from animal tissue
fa
English 03 ahd
414
Ser 1 Ser 1
Indo-European 03 pok:909
Ser 1 : to flow
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
^
Indo-European 03 POK:1003; KNT:205; IEC:1276
Sreu, Sru:tof/ow
OTGni : flow, running
W
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:1003; HRN:139
rautah, raodah : river,
flow
raodaiti : flows
Pahlavi 03 mon
r6t 2 :r
V
Persian 03 bqt:969
md:r
rud-bar : riverside ®" Par 2
Arabic 03 VDQ:226
faUZa : land of rivers, garden
PLA:138 derives it from Persian "raz: garden". See "Leudh".
^
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:346
fWt:r
Persian 03 mon
rOWZeh : garden ^SJ
Hafez C-wjUj^j^ C-^jJ* ^o-ilXxA <ola
W
V
w
Avestan 03 pok:1003
ravan : river
raonami : the rivers
urvant, sru-vant:f/uen»y
Germanic 03 ahd
StraU-maZ : stream
English
stream
Greek 03 ahd
rhein : to flow
rheuma : stream
rhutmOS : rhyme
French
h
Persian ffl mon:1693,1701
'
fOmatlSm : rheumatism fWAwJlflg )
ntm : rhythm, rhyme ^^j j
v k
^ I Latin
fc
English 03 ahd
'
rheumatism, rhythm
English 03 ahd
diarrhea, hemorrhoid, rhyme
v*
Persian UJ I EC: 1276
ram : flight
ramTdan : to shy, to be scared
Hatef Esfahant l^jjjji Jrf>UX^)J ^UU _) cjii /jjlj 'y _ IfiJ-uOj /y }l fii j-it> J Jlji J>J ^l y
415
Ser 2 Sero
Indo-European 03 pok:910
Ser 2 -.protect
^\
Avestan 03 POK:910; KLN:338
haraiti, haurvaiti -.protects
haurva 2: protecting
Latin 03 kln:724
SefVare : to keep, preserve
French 03 ahd
conserver, observer, etc.
Persian 03 mon:3097
konserv : c
}j»M
English 03 ahd
conserve, observe, reserve, preserve
W
Greek 03 kln:724
herOS : protector
Heracles : a legendary strong man
French
Persian 03 MON5:2269
herkiil : "protector
J//
^
^
English 03 ahd
hero, Hercules
Indo-European 03 pok:911; ieC:1131
~X
Ser 3, Ser6:
to line up, arrange, sort
Sanskrit
03 IEC:1131; MON:5081
Sarat : thread
hara : string of beads
Persian 03 IEC:1131; MON:5081
har : string of beads, necklace, neck Afo
Fsrdowst jU<Cxjt>l ^UU ill ^l j s _ jLa-S jl C>3j-5 O'j S*" '"'"i/
Avestan B3ieC:1131
hara : mountain range
Latin 03ahd:1538
Serere : to arrange, join
SOrS : lot, fortune
English 03 ahd
series, assert, insert
sort, sorcerer, assort, consort
W
^
French 03vop:212
seri, seriyal
Persian UJvop:212
Seri : series ( Ju ** ) \Sr»
Sero
see root: Ser 3
41!
Seu 1 Seu 1
W
Indo-European ffl POK:882; AHD:1538
OGU 1 : one's own self
^\
Avestan
03 POK:882; BQT:718; BRT:1862;
hva, hava, xva, xvaothra : self
xvajo-ayao, xvadaya :
alive from self, self destined,
with eternal //fe^^Aiw
I
Pahlavi
03 HUB:54; SNS:79
XVat, XVeS : self
Xvatay : God
Persian 03 BQT:779; HRN:104
>p
XOd : self \
Xoda : "alive from self (jljj> < ljj>
See "Ghu" for another possible root
Avestan 03 POK:842; SNS:267; IEC:1351
XWa-tam, XWa-t6 : the self, character, habit
XVae-pati, XVae-paithya : one's own se/f®"pa
"pati, paithya" means self or own in this combination
Persian 03 POK:842; SNS:267; IEC:1351
XU : character, habit (aX&a> < &>.U) a>
XIS 1 : self \ J*>&>
Germanic 03 ahd; kln ►-
Latin 03ahd \>-
Greek 03 ahd \>-
^
Indo-European ffl syn 85,108
OWG'SOr : one's own female
W
Avestan
xvan-har:
W I Germanic 03 ahd !►-
^ I Latin
English 03 ahd
so, such, also, self, sibling
English
solo, sole, secret, secure, separate, seduce,
select, sure, custom, suicide, segregate
English 03 ahd
ethics, ethnic
Persian
Xahar : "one's own female relative"
J* 1 ^
English
sister
English
sorority, cousin
417
Seu 2 Sew
Indo-European 03 pok:912
~X
OGU £ :juice, to take liquid, squeeze
Avestan 03 POK:912; KNT:211
hail 1 : to press, squeeze
haoma : ephedra plant, mahuang shrub
Persian 03 HRN:249; BQT:2398
rlOWm : a juicy plant which was considered very A -&
holy by the ancient Aryan people
Germanic 03 ahd
SUp : soup
French 03ahd:1234
soupe
Sanskrit 03knt:211
SU '.press
^
Germanic 03 ahd
SLik : suck
SUk : soak
Indo-European 03 pok:913
Seu 3, Su 4, Sutus:
to give birth
Avestan 03 POK:913; KLN:1473
hav, hunami : to give birth
hunUS: son
Germanic 03 kln:1473
h
Persian LLI mon:1944
SUp: soup '•mJtuM
English 03ahd:1234
soup
English 03 ahd
suck, soak
English
Indo-European 03 pok:914
Seu 4, Sew ■. to boa
Avestan 03 POK:914; KLN:1411
havayan : they boil, roast
havayeiti : roasts
Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1411
Siuthan : to boil
SUth : swamp
A
English
seethe, sod
Sew
see root: Seu 4
41S
S.f.f I Sfsyr
Semitic 03 kln:275
O.T.T : it is transparent
w
Arabic ffl kln:275
Saffa : to be transparent
I
Persian 03 mon
Saffaf : clear, transparent ( C-iXS lil& ) *j&lil&
Arabic 03 kln:275
Slff : light garment
French
chiffe :
^
English 03 kln:275
chiffon : silk fabric used for women's dresses
AHD derives this word from a different root.
W I Arabic 03 fsd:2
Arabic 03 fva:232
~X
O.T.T: (to be) yellow
Asfar -.yellow
Za faran : saffron, a plant with purple flowers and orange stigmas
PLA:145 claims "za'faran" is from Persian "zar-paran:with gold petals".
CEL6:185 derives it from Indo-European "Kesuro: hair" {hairy plant).
CEL6:233 claims that Arabs imported it from Kashmir in the 9-10th century
Persian LLI mon:1739
za'faran :
saffron
o'Ai
W
Middle Latin
03 DEV:199; PRT:581; KLN:1372
Safranum : saffron
Old French 03 ah d : 1 1 42
safron
English 03 ahd
saffron, safranine
W
Arabic 03 fsd:2157
Safra : yellow, bile
I
Persian 03 fva:232
safra : bile
fc \jD*P i >jf*0
^
Italian
03 AHD:1142; KLN:1372
Saf-fior : yellow flower
Old French
saflor
English 03 ahd
Safflower : a plant with orange flowers
Pahlavi 03 MPP:88; BQT:1294; NYB:186
"A
Sfsyr, Sypsyr, Samser :
V k
Persian ffl bqt:1294
SamsTr : sword yJUJ>
Asjadr Marvazr j-*— £ **& \tyJ& 'j JJXjLaJ p- *-J )' - j*JuJ* jiil ^XKi 2> >A> oU (jy%
BQT rejects derivation of "samsTr" from "sam-sfnlion's paw" by SKT:468.
^
^
English 03 KLN:1397; SKT:468; HJB:804
scimitar, cimetar
415
S.h.r Skaf
Arabic 03 kln:1373
~X
O . n . r : a yellowish r
W
^
Arabic
ffl KLN:1373; FVA:226; AHD:1143
as-har : yellowish red
Sahra : anything which has a
yellowish red (sand) color,
desert (due to its color)
h
Persian ffl fva:226
'
Sahra : desert ( ijj\^p ) \ J p t ^ s
English 03 AHD:1143; KLN:1373
Sahara
Shu-shu
ST1
ST 2
ST 3
Sindhu
see root: Chou-shu
see root: Se 1
see root: Se2
see root: Sai 2
see root: Syand
Old Persian 03 mon:2083
~X
Sinkadrus:
the red ore of mercury (mercuric sulfide) used as a pigment
V k
Persian ffl MON:2083; BQT:1302
Sangarf : red lead, cinnabar, red pigment ( <Jj& p^\ ) <Jj& Ajju
Kasaf Marvzr OS jSjJi X& jij'j J U<p C-i6 jU> - jj <0 j0 jj j Xm&W j\'j AjtilXi
W
Greek 03 kln:289
kinnabari:red/ead
^
Latin
03 AHD:243
cinnabaris
French
03 KLN:289
cinbare
English
03 AHD:243
cinnabar
^
Indo-European 03 pok:916
A
Skabh
to support
Avestan 03 POK:916; SOD:152
skambem : support
Upa-Skambem : for support, a pi/far*" Upo
fra-SCimbana : universe, world cr Pev 1
► I Persian UJ POK:916; BQT:410; MON:798; FRS:183
W
Sogdian 03 SQP:152
fcmbd : world
peckam: a roof on ( £&> , £&> , S?p) Slji
pillars, a room open all around, a pdrch ""
RQdakf
X) y t t»Xj& ujJ> J» jB - |W> <Gl> jlSi Jl> y
W
^
Latin 03 AHD; KLN:1430
SCamnum : a support (for seating), bench
English
Shamble : bench
Skaf
see root: Sek
420
Skai Skaivos
W
Indo-European ffl pok:917
OK3I : shining, bright
^\
Avestan
03 POK:700,916; BQT:2047,674; KNT:184
Cltra : clarity, face, also race and origin
hu-citra : with nice face®"Su 1
manUS-citra : with a manly face,
or from the race of "Manush"^^ Men 1
Persian 03 BQT:674, 2047, 2336; MON:5140
cehreh : face
hozir : beautiful
ManUCehr : "from Manush family"
Daqtqt jj*jt> lijldlj jbM /jJJ ^U> ^j£ O^** t_S '
»7*|
W
W
Avestan 03 POK:917; SOD:367
caya, asaya : shade
Sogdian 03 S0D:367
Sy ' k : shade
Persian 03 hrn:154
Sayeh : shade <t>L»
Greek 03 pok:917; ahd
skena : tent
w
Latin 03 ahd
SCaena : sfage
French
^
Persian ffl mon
SenariO : scenario y )U*u
English
scene, scenario
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
Sktnan : to shine
English
shine
Old Iranian 03 ffd:63
A
Skaif, Skaip : ;
W
Pahlavi 03 ffd:63
Skeb:pa(/en(
^
Persian 03 ffd:64; mon
Saklb : patient ( jL«*$J" i w»$J" ) u-**Sj"
SakTbTdan : to he patient ( yjliji ) ^XsoiLi
Skaip
see root.
Skaif
Indo-European 03 wld2:537; ieC:1146
A
Skaivos :
sinister, odd, strange
W
L
^
Greek 03ieC:1146
Skaios : awkward
Latin 03ieC:1146
SCaeVUS : sinister
Persian UJ IEC:1146; MON:2085
SUX : vulgar, rude, a joker, also beautiful ( J>aJ« ) p aju
Hafez iij>-ljjl ^IjJiLS jlj \-A ^L> X,f? « ;
421
Skand Skel
^
Indo-European 03 wld:540; ahd:1539
~X
Skand, Skend, Sqand, Kand 2 -.tocumb.ieap
Skand -Sl a : step, ladder
Latin 03 wld:540
scandere : to climb
SCalae : step, ladder
Italian
SCalo : ladder,
platform, wharf
Arabic 03 tad:4
eskeleh : ladder,
wharf
Persian UJ mon:271
eskeleh : wharf <J5w»l
w
v..
French
aSCenseur : elevator
eSChelle : ladder
Persian 03mon:51,288
asanSOr : elevator
esel : scale
w
L
^
Sanskrit 03 wld:540
Skandati -.jumps, speeds
English 03 ahd
scan, ascend, descend, escalator, scale
Greek 03 wld:540
Skandalon : stumbling block, trap
English 03 ahd
scandal
Skand-sla
Skarna
Sked 1
see root: Skand
see root: Sukurna
see root: Sek
Indo-European 03 pok:919
~X
Sked 2-.t,
Sanskrit 03 pok:919
Cadaiti : to cover
Cattfa : cover, umbrella
Persian 03 bqt:609,622
Cador : veil
Catr : umbrella
Avestan 03 pok:919
SadayantT : an article of clothing
Skei
Skel
see root: Sek
see root: Sek
422
Skel 1 | Skeng
Indo-European 03 pok:928
OKGl 1 : bent, curved
~~\
h
Persian ffl HRN:175; BQT:1288
'
Sal 1 : leg, thigh
^
Salvar : "like legs", pants^We\ 3
jliW
Selang : step, also a leg exercise
L^jJwwS
Salpuy : sound from foot steps
({Jsy&Jj tiSyy***) C?W-^
Bushakur Balkhr y^J, \J>y y, ijyjji ol<p jl (j'j
_ j*&_i <C_&> ^j Jkp V-Xj jXJly
Greek 03 pok:928
skelos : /i
English 03 ahd
isosceles
Greek 03 WLD:597; OEW:363
Skhelos, kellos : crooked
h
Persian ffl WLD:597; HRN:192; MON:3012
'
kol : crooked jj
Greek 03 pok:928; ahd
kulindein : oend, roffi,
French
h
Persian ffl mon
'
sTIandf : cylinder jjjj^u
English 03 ahd
cylinder, calender
V*
Greek 03 ahd
kolon : limb, part,
member, large intestine
I
I Arabic 03 tad:59
Persian
03 MON:2749; BQT:1548; ETM:45
qulun ( gJ^S" ( gjy ) ^y
► I Latin 03 ahd \>-
^
English 03 ahd
colon, semicolon
Skel 2
Skend
see root: Sek
see root: Skand
Indo-European 03 pok:930
Skeng : crooked, bent
~~\
Avestan 03 pok:930
haxti : that which bends,
leg, shank
Pahlavi 03 SNS:2
haxt : thigh
h
Persian ffl hrn:279
'
hax : foot sole (obsolete) mjb
Sanskrit 03 POK:930; SNS:2
Sakthi : leg, shank
Germanic 03 pok:930; ahd
Skanko : that which bends, leg
English 03 ahd
shank
423
Skep | Sker 2
Skep
see root.
Sek
^
W
Indo-European 03 pok:935
Sker 1 : to turn, bend
Indo-European 03 pok:935; ieC:535
KOI"-6na : bent
W
Avestan / Old Persian
03 SYN:857; BRT:46,451
Karana : end, <
Pahlavi
03 BQT:1611,1699; HRN:189
kanar : edge, side
V
Persian
03 BRT:451; SYN:857; IEC:535
karan : e
1 /
Avestan / Old Persian 03 brt:46
a-karana : end/ess®" ns 1
W
Greek 03 IEC:535; POK:935
koeonOS : curved
English 03 ahd
crown, corona
Indo-European 03 pok:935
Kur-WO : bent, curly
W
Old Persian ffl FAF:513; KNT:180
KufU : "curly hair", name of the founder of
Persian empire who was born in 559 BC
Kurus, Kuraus, Ku-ras, Ku-ra-as
Persian ffl bqt; knt:180
KurOSrl : "sun", a male name j-^g )V < if** )V
W
Greek 03 fsd:644
Kuros
Persian UJ faf:513
J"3jV" < o"Sjy
English 03 fsd:644
Cyrus
W
Latin 03 pok:935
CUrVUS : bent
Crista : crest
CrispUS : curly
English 03 ahd
curve, curb, curvature
crest
crisp, crepe
W
L
Greek 03 pok:935
krikos :
Latin 03 pok:935
CirCUS : circle
English 03 ahd
circus, circle, search
^
Germanic 03 pok:935
sWrinW: to shrivel up
hringaz : circle
hrugjaz : edge
English 03 ahd
shrink
ring, ranch, range, rink, arrange, derange, ribbon
ridge
Sker 2
see root.
Sek
424
Skeu 1 Skeu 3
Indo-European 03 POK:838,953
OKGU 1 : to sneeze
Pneil: to breathe
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 535
fniu:
Greek 03ahd
pneuma : wind, breath
~~\
>— IPersian UJ POK:953; BQT:1102,1304
SOnUSeh : sneeze ( i^iyji) , t^iyji ) tjiyji
Rudakf tjiyj, \j ^IJJjO j^ ^^> ^U> _ ^ jO } y» <Oy J^/ 1 ' '/
English
English
pneumatic, pneumonia
Indo-European 03 POK:952,953; IEC:1193AHD:1540
Skeu 2, Sku, Keu 3, Ku 3: to cover
Skur, Ku-z-dho, Kut-no : cover .sheii
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:952; knt:180; bqt:785
Xa6da, Xauda : helmet
tigra-Xauda : pointed (sharp) helmet^S
Persian 03 POK:952; KNT:180; BQT:785
XLid -.helmet ( }JpJt,% ) ^J>
>— Persian 03 BQT:1562; MON:2821; SOD:187
V
Greek 03 IEC:595
kutOS : hollow, belly, body
kaz : hut, cover ( t,\\$ , \\$ , t,\\$ ) \\$
Molavt J_?u> <GjJL> ^IkLw ^U-O «)IS _p
BQT claims these words are cognates of the Sogdian word "k'zk'kh".
Avestan 03 pok:953
kusra : vault, hole, cavity
h
Persian ffl pok:953
KOS : external female genitalia ' ^
Germanic 03 pok:953; ahd
huson, Uud'pn : cover
hudiz, hudjan : skin, hide
skuma : foam or scum covering water
English 03 ahd
hose, hut
hide : skin
skim, scum
Latin 03 POK:953; IEC:595
CUtis : skin
0b-SCUrUS : covered, unclear
English 03 ahd
curium, cutis,
obscure
^
Persian ffl IEC:594,1193; MON:1899,3114
SKUreh : earthen bowl (<^ S^i 4 $ )S*&\ <0 $*& ) )<&*&
klJC : household, family, tribe m S
Skeu 3
see root: Keu 3
425
Skeud 1 Skeud 2
Indo-European 03 pok:955
SkeUd 1 : to throw, shoot
Sanskrit 03 POK:955; HRN:99
COdatT : to hurry, propel
^
Germanic 03 ahd
skiutan, skuttjan : to shoot
Skutilaz : dart, shuttle
skutjon : comer of sail, a sheet of cloth
~~\
Persian 03 POK:955; BQT:636
COSt : quick, fast
English
shoot, shot, shut
shuttle
sheet
Skeud 2
see root: Keued
42!
Skhai Skhai
Indo-European 03 pok:917
OKllBI : to cut, strike
~~\
W
Old Persian
03 ISS:84
kai, ci:
Pahlavi 03 ISS:84
Celan : metal objects
Celankar : metal worker
Persian 03 mon:1327
Cllan : small objects made of Iron ,'s/L?-
Ctlangar : metal worker ( ijjjj ) ijj^jj
^ I Latin 03 POK:917; AHD:186,217; ISS:84
^
caedere : to cut
a CaeSO matris Utere : "from the incised womb of his mother",
Julius Cesar (or his ancestor) was born by this operation.
Caementum : stone chips used to make lime
Caelum : chisel
^
Greek 03 ahd; kln:839
kaisar : Caesar, born by
"cesarean" section
Wl
Arabic
03 BQT:1551
qaysar : Caesar
Persian
UX BQT:217
qeysar
Caesar
j'j2,*#
Jw <0 Jw <W& 2> jlww wfl^S <0
Ferdowsf
Ov>
j .iWw'wWjjl A^J»<^> y*i 'yi\ jl
French 03 bqt:1551
Persian 03 bqt
Sezar: Caesar ( ^jljrf ) jljrf
English 03 kln:839
Caesar
W
Russian 03 bqt:1551
tsar
I
French
Persian 03 bqt
tezar : Russian e
j ] y
English 03 ahd
czar, tsar, tzar
^l
French 03ahd:217
Persian UJ mon:1983
Sement : cement ( ^U~» ) Cmaki
English 03 ahd
cement
V
English 03 ahd
scissors, chisel, concise, precise, circumcise, incision
Latin 03 FSD:1317; AHD:186
Caesaria : an ancient
seaport in Roman Palestine
French
03 AHD:703; FSD:1317; NAT:166
Jersey : name of an Island north of
France famous for its wool clothes
Persian 03vop:203
zerseh :
^JJ
English 03 FSD:1317; NAT:166
Jersey, New Jersey
jersey : originally a woolen sweater peculiar to fishermen of Jersey Isle
427
Skhed Skwalos
Skhed
Skou
Sku
Skur
see root: Sek
see root: Keu 3
see root: Skeu 2
see root: Skeu 2
A
^
Indo-European 03 pok:958
Skwalo, Skwalos, Kwalo, Kwalos, Kwal : a / g fen, wn a/e
Avestan 03 POK:958; SOD:194
kara 2 : whale
w
Sogdian 03 S0D:194
krw : big fish, whale
Germanic 03 ahd
hwaliz : whale
Latin 03 ahd
SqualuS: a land of fen
Persian UJ S0D:194
karv : a kind of fish
>J
English 03 ahd
whale, walrus
English 03 ahd
squalene
Skwalos
see root: Skwalo
42S
S.l.m Sm
W
Semitic 03 KLN:1430; AHD:1541
~x
S.l.m, S . I . fTl : to be healthy and intact
Arabic ffl KLN:1430; SAP:726; AHD:1541
Salam : good health, peace (greetings)
taslim : surrendering (for peace)
Islam : surrendering (to will of God)
W
Malaysian ffl oew:451
Salang : peace, greetings, fare well
W
Hebrew 03 KLN:828,1430,1471; AHD:1541
Sal6m : peace, good health (greetings)
ytTU-Sa\6m : city of peace (Jerusalem)^ Yarah
Ab-Sal6m : father is peace (Absalom)^ Ab 2
^
W
^
Greek B3ahd:1541
Salome : peace
Salome : a female name
Persian ffl mon; fva:196
Salam : peace (greetings) f Aw
jj^^U Oi-A^w <0 ',-qJwj O'y** -Lpl3
Hafez Jj5 iU U Ji 5AW jS ijji <l>
English 03 ahd
Islam, Moslem
English 03OEW:451; FSD:2316
SO long : fare well
Started as a colloquial among British soldiers.
French
Persian 03 M0N5:195
UrsalTm: «,Ujjl
"city of peace"
English 03 kln:828
salom, Jerusalem, Absalom, Solomon
English 03ahd:1145
Salome : an old female r
S.l.m
Sm
see root: S.l.m
see root : Sem 1
425
S.m/a Smer
W
Semitic 03 kln:1434
~X
S.m/a:
Arabic 03 kln:1434
Sami a: he heard
Persian 03 mon; fva:197
Sam a : hearihg *q*i
Molavt -^5 ^1&3I ^tj-jjyl ^ui*W (JI19 *JU»
V*
Hebrew 03 kln:817,1434
Shama' : he heard
Sriema : sound, a prayer
Yishma'-el : God hears
^Layh
Arabic 03 kln:817
Isma'TI: "God hears",
name of son of Abraham
Persian 03 mon
Esma'TI : "God hears", .LeLJ
a male name, son of Abraham
^
V^
Sam Un : Shimeon, Simeon, a follower of Jesus [")<**■**"
Sorush JbU ^ j| &J}Xi ^a_JU— £ <0 - oLl |J}L**££ <0 jL&jIj ^LcJfc
^ ►
English ffl kln
Shema, Simon, Simeon, Shimeon, Ishmael
w
Indo-European 03 pok:968
A
Smeit:
to throw, send forward
Avestan
03 POK:968; KLN:988
maeth : to send, throw
hamista : thrown down,
put down
hamaestar : one who
throws down, enemy
Pahlavi 03 SNS:53
hamestar : enemy
hamestagan : awkward situation
L.
Persian UJ HRN:279; MON:5185
hamTstar : enemy
hamTstakan : a place between hell and heaven
Almost obsolete words.
ofc^
w
Latin 03ahd
mithere: to send off
French 03 ahd
V
Persian 03 mon:3079
komTsiyon :
commission
<^>0^
^
English 03 AHD; KLN:988
commit, emit, omit, remit, submit, admit, permit, transmit,
mission, commission, committee, missile, promise
Smelo
Smer
see root: Mel 2
see root: Mer 1
430
Smerd Sna
Smerd
see root: Mer2
Semitic 03 kln:1379
S.m.S:s
^
w
Arabic
03 KLN:1379
Sams : sun
Persian UJ mon:2075
Sams : sun ( -wX*iA t &**j&» t ^o^u ) .**«*"
Hebrew
03 KLN:1379
semes : sun
simSOn:aname
Greek
03 KLN:1379
Samson
Latin
03 KLN:1379; AHD
Samson
French
W
V k
^
Persian
03 MON5:719
Samson ^yjL,
a male name
English
03 KLN:1379
Samson
, Sampson
Arabic 03 fva:236
~X
S.n/a:
to make, manufacture
W
^
Arabic 03 kln:108
dar-as-sana' : house of
construction, factory
^D.v.r
Greek
Persian 03 mon; fva:236
San at : industry £****p
W
Italian 03 KLN:108; LAM:95
darsena, arsenale : naval dockyard
English 03 ahd
arsenal
W
Indo-European ffl pok:971
Ollcl : to flow, swim
A
Ave stan
ffl POK:971; KLN:1030; HUB:15
Sna : wash, swim
US-Sna: wash ^Ud 1
Persian ffl BQT:1298; HRN:176; AEF:118
Sena : swim (jjs
p
OSnan : an alkaline plant used in washing, soap ( 'L&\ ) AwJul
Ferdowsf
W
^
Greek 03 ahd
neSOS : is/and
English
Polynesia, Indonesia
431
Sneigwh | Snu
Indo-European 03 pok:974
SnGIC|Wn : snow, to snow
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:974; KLN:1466
snaez, snaej, snaeza : to snow
h
Persian ffl hrn:292
'
Snehr : snow (obsolete) j&Jwtf
Sogdian 03 S0D:376
SneS : to snow
Germanic 03 pok:974
SnaiWaZ : snow
English 03 ahd
Sner
Snerq
Sneu
Sneu
see root: Ner2
see root: Ner2
see root: Sai 2
see root: Sai 2
Indo-European 03 pok:978
Sneudh, Neudh:
Avestan 03 pok:978
snaoda : cloud
Latin
03 KLN:1059; AHD
nubes : cloud
^
French 03 kln:1059
nue : cloud
nuance : shade, a slightly different
meaning of a word
English
03 AHD; KLN:1059
Snog
Snu
see root: Nog
see root: Sai 2
432
So Soito
W
Indo-European 03 pok:979
So, To : this, that
^\
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:979; ZFS:51
ha 2, ho, hau 2, hauv, hya : it,
that, the
ava-hya, awa, awam : he, she
Sim, Sam : him, her
Pahlavi 03 bqt:197
ke : that
ava : he, she
ava-Sam : plural form
used as a sigh of
respect for he/she
Persian 03 BQT:1230; HRN:31,170
Keh : that ( <&T < *SjjJ ) 4
OU : he, she
Tsan : he/she, him/her
3'
W
Avestan 03ahd:1541
ha-mazan : the warrior
^Magh 2
I Latin
Wl
v»
French
Persian ffl MON5:58
woman warrior (obsolete)
name of a river
English 03 AHD:40,1541
Amazon 1 : woman warrior
Amazon 2 : name of a river
^► [Germanic
^
Eng
lish
03 ah:
the
this
they,
there
than
then
that,
them,
she
Arabic 03 kln:1468
A
Soffeh
seat saddle, varendah
Persian ffl mon:2156
SOffeh : seat saddle, varendah Aj^p
Tahereh GhazvTnT A <0 y 6} j> <0 oJly 2 ^ij 4jL,# <0 4jL,# _ ly ^> Jj-Ji 3 &*j£ \ jMh jl><p" 0^ )^
Turkish 03 kln:1468
sofa
English 03 AHD:1227; KLN:1468
sofa
French 03 kln:1468
sofa
Soito
see root: Se 1
433
Sol | Sophos
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:979
Sol, SolO:»/ro/e
"~X
Avestan 03 pok:979
haurva 1 : whole, all, each
haurvatat : completeness, perfection
h
Persian 03 bqt:729,2318
har : each Jb
Xordad : "perfect" ib J>
Greek
03 POK:979; AHD; WEB:286
holos : whole
kata-holos : whole,
universal
holo-kaUStOS : burnt
Greek 03ahd
katholicos :
whole
undivided
church of
Christ
I
French
03 AHD
catholique
^
Persian 03 mon:2783
katolik :
"general"
\S*j<£v
English
Catholic
Arabic 03 tad:19
jaselTq : universal,
a rank in the
Catholic church.
Persian 03 MON:1199; FSF:141
jaselTq
a Catholic rank
v»
English 03 ahd
holograph, hologram, holocaust
v*
^
Latin 03 ahd
SOliduS : intact, solid
SallJS : whole condition, good health (salutation)
SalvUS : healthy, safe
English 03 ahd
solid
salute
safe, save, salvation
Solo
see root.
Sol
Greek 03ahd:1232
SophOS :
W
Greek 03ahd:1232
SOphisma : a skilled but false
reasoning, fallacy
philo-SOphoS : fond of wisdom
^Bhili
L
Latin
French
^
Arabic 03 tad:35,53
Safsatah : fallacy
falsafah : philosophy
Persian 03 mon:1889,2567
Safsateh : fallacy <da«x»
falsafeh : philosophy <w»Ji
English 03ahd:1332
sophist, sophism, sofist, sofism, Sophia
sophisticated, sophomore, philosophy,
434
Sosen Sosen
W
Egyptian 03 kln:1548
Sosen : lotus
^\
Arabic
03 KLN:1548
sausan : my
Pahlavi 03 mon:1954
sawsan, susan:///y
Persian 03 mon:1954
SUSan : lily
a
Hafez jJ;U ;JO J j^>> J^ly JL^i ^xXp ^>
Hebrew
03 KLN:1548
sosannah : my
Greek
03 KLN:1548
sousanna
Late Latin
03 KLN:1548; AHD:1296
sausanna
English
03 AHD:1296; KLN:1548
Susan : a female r
Akkadian 03 kln:1548
Aramaic 03 kln:1548
435
Spek | Spek
W
Indo-European ffl pok:984
OpGK : to look, examine
^\
Avestan 03 pok:984
Spasyeiti : to observe, watch, wait on (serve)
Spas, SpasanO -.guard, watcher
Pahlavi 03 hrn:154
Spas : to serve,
wait on
Persian 03 bqt:1086
SepaS : (hanks
(/'V*
w
Pahlavi 03snS:117
pasban : guard, polic
h
Persian B3sns:117
pasban : policeman ,*)L*l)
Hafez Cw> ^> j jw&y*> ^> ^uaLw ^>^ ^^w ^>
Latin 03ahd
Specere : to look at
English
respect, suspect, expect, inspect
specimen, spectrum, special, species
Greek 03ahd
skopOS : one who watches
epi-SKOpOS : one who oversees, a bishop^^ Epi
Old Persian 03 mon:1901; fsf:228
Skuba : bishop, priest
Persian UJ MON:1901; FSF:228
Sekuba : a Christian bishop IjjSwj
(J j«Ji$ j& M ^^ -Ul£y
Fsrdowst l5j-+" J> J Jir*! J ^)J^<"
Arabic 03 mon:270
OSqof : bishop
Persian 03 MON:270; FSF:44
OSqof : bishop
Fsrdowst j^ii p>j^. f\j Cj ^| jjj j _ jjXLui (JO £-J& <Vy^> i-iiLol <U
Latin 03ahd
miCrO-SCOpiUm : showing small objects^ Gwsi
tele-SCOpium : showing far objects^ Kwsl
peri-SCOpium : showing around^ Per 1
French
Persian 03 mon
^
English 03 ahd
scope, microscope, telescope, periscope
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
spehon
English
spy, espionage
43*
Spelgh | Sper
Indo-European 03 pok:987
~X
Spelgh, Sphelghen
spleen
Avestan 03 POK:987; KLN:1492
Sperezan : spleen
h
Persian 03 HRN:155; MON:1827
SeporZ : spleen \ **,
Sanskrit 03 SNS:176
splThan : spfa
Greek 03ahd
Splen : splei
English
spleen
Indo-European 03 IEC:971; pok:988
Spen, Pen, Poiri: twist
Peild : turn, spin
"~X
h
Persian LLI IEC:971; MON:970
'
pineh : patch of cloth, calluses &X*jj
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 542
spinnan : to spin
Spithra : spinner, spider
Spin-il6n : spindle
Spannjan : to bind, span
English 03 ahd
spin, spider, spindle, span
Latin 03ahd:1542
pendere : to hang
English 03 ahd
pendant, pension, append, compensate, depend,
expend, perpendicular, suspend, pendulum
Latin 03ahd:1542
pondo : by weight
English 03 ahd
pound
Indo-European 03 POK:997; IEC:613,1056
Sper, Quseros, Keros: sparrow
Pahlavi ffl mon:1789
Sar : sparrow
h
Persian 03 IEC:613,1056; MON:1789
Sar-.sparrow (4^-jLu ( t jL» <(JjL»<0 jL») ' jL»
Sanskrit 03 IEC:1056
carah :
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 542
Sparwan : sparrow
English 03 ahd
sparrow
Greek 03 IEC:613,1056
psarOS, pser : starling
437
Spereg | Spergh
W
Indo-European 03 POK:996,998; OEW:337
~x
Spereg, Sphereg, Spergh -.tosweii, sprout, jump, begin
Avestan
03 PRT:645; KLN:1481; SYN:525
Sparega : a kind of sprout
fra-sparega : twig cr Per 1
Pahlavi
03 SNS:175,177
Sparm : a plant
Speg : blossom
Persian 03bqt:1118
espargam : a p/an( -i^^ul
sah-esperam : * „„| 8 Us
an aromatic plant
^
W
Greek 03 FSD:168; PLA:18
asparagos : a sprout
Arabic 03 pla:18
esferaj : asparagus
Persian 03 MON:268; BQT:130
esferaj : asparagus
T I Ju*l
Sogdian 03 S0D:63,94
sp rgmy: sprout
'sprXS:fw/gs
English 03 ahd
asparagus, sparse, spark
Avestan 03 pok:998
a-sperez-ata, a-speren-ah : result of efforts, prize
Sogdian 03 SOD:10
asp nh : compensation, prize
Germanic 03 ahd
Spreg : sprinkle
English
sprinkle
Middle German
03 POK:997; KLN:1481; AHD:1542
Spar : bird, a bird's sound, bird's trap ?
Middle English
03 KLN:1481; AHD:1542
Sparwe:asma//(j/rd
English 03 kln:1481
sparrow
W
German 03 kln:1481
Sperling :s
h
Persian ffl MON:232; AEF:105; HRN:19; HUB:13
'
espamd: sparrow ( ^^J^>\ t $j»J ) ^j*d
Loghatnameh Jl-jyul JljLl £ ^U ij _ J^joI Jj_U> £ qU& JL^
These are cognates with the German word "Sperling:sparrow".
w
v*
Germanic 03 POK:998; OEW:337
springan: to jump
See "Spher" for another possible root
English 03 POK:998; OEW:337
spring
^
Indo-European ffl KLN:1483; POK:996
OpTGK, OpTGC| : to cry out, make noise, speak
T
Germanic 03 ahd
Sprek : to speak
English
speak,
speech
Spergh
see root.
Spereg
43£
Sphallein | Sphelghen
Greek 03 KLN:114; AHD:78
~x
Sphallein : cause to fall, slip
From an unknown Semitic root
v*
Greek 03ahd:78
a-Sphallein : not slippery, a bonding agent^ Ns 1
asphaltos : tar
h
Persian UJ bqt:1024
Zeft : tar C-S)
Wl
Latin 03ahd
French
Persian UJ MON:264; VOP:12
asfalt ( <ci\LA , cJlL»l ) cJlL»T
V»
^
English 03 ahd
asphalt
Indo-European 03 pok:985
~X
Sphel: to split
Avestan 03 pok:985
spara : shield
Persian 03 hrn:155
separ : shield
JT"
Sanskrit 03 pok:985
sphal : to c
Persian 03 bqt:1085
Spar : the cutting tip of plow
Latin 03 pok:986
spelta : split c
^
jV"
English
Spelter :zinc ore
pewter : tin alloys
Sphelghen
see root: Spelgh
435
Spher | Spinakion
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:992
~X
opnGT : ankle, also to move fast, spread
Avestan 03 POK:992; BQT:1086; HRN:154
Spar: to walk
apa-Spar : walk up to, trust (BQT:1086) *" Apo
US-Spar : to walk away, trust (HRN:154) *" Ud 1
Persian 03 BQT:1086; SNS:19
separdan : walk, trust ( ^ ^j** ) ^ ^ jL»
SeparT : past walked by ^ wm«
Greek 03 pok:992
Spairen : to walk In a bouncing manner
Sphaira : a bouncing object, ball
► French
Persian 03 mon:32
atmOSfer : "sphere of v
1$iMitJfin} 1
English 03 ahd
sphere, atmosphere
v*
Pahlavi
03 ETM:6(
Spihr: sphere,
sky
Persian UJ ETM:68, MON:1827
Sepehr: sky, fate { See "Kuei" for another possible root) A*&
Hafez 01-wjO jul>l j—il O JJJO y O - jul>l <L> I ) y>& jO Q j^*^ y^
W
^
Germanic 03 kln:1497
spnngan: to jump
English 03 kln:1497
spring: to jump
AHD & POK:998 claim this is from root "Spereg: to jump"
Sphereg
Spheud
Sphieu
see root: Spereg
see root: Peud
see root: Spyeu
Greek 03 MON:227
Spinakion: iii f:
V*
Arabic
03 MON:227
spanaj
^
Persian UJ mon:227
espenax : sp/nach ( *bL»l< rliiul ) fL~»l
W
Arabic 03 KLN:1489; SKT:507
isbanax : spinach
w
Spanish 03 kln:1489
espinacia
W
Middle Latin
03 KLN:1489
spinachia
French
03 KLN:1489
espinard, epinard
English
03 SKT:507; AHD
spinach
440
Avestan ffl bqt:1249
O piS : an insect, bug, flea
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1249
SpiS : flea
^
Spis | Sqombh-no
~X
Persian 03 BQT:1249; mon:2022
Sepes : flea ( J^Ji\ , Sjy& , <Uy& ) Jy&
Molavr *j£j*j* (£\ Pjj I cJ^> >a_£ - *m& £*A$JiwJj f^3^ *** ) ' ^ .
Indo-European 03 wld2:621
SpOngO -.fluffy, empty
v*
Greek
03 WLD2:621
SpongOS : sponge
SpoggOS -.sponge
Pahlavi
03 SOD:64
Spynj : sponge,
hollow, a
temporary
house, Inn
Persian UJ VFO:22; BQT:1090
S6panj : hollow, worthless material world, Inn «^«
Fsrdowst ^y, /jAoi ^*9jy V OS"? c"~i
W
Sogdian 03 sqd:64
SpnC : inn, rest house
Arabic 03 tad:35
al-esfanj : s
Persian 03 BQT:130; MON:269
esfanj : j
PG*JL«I
^
Latin 03 kln:1494
spongia, fungus
English
sponge, fungus
Spreg
Sprek
see root: Spereg
see root: Spereg
Indo-European 03 pok:1000
~X
Spyeu, Sphieu
to spit
fc
h h
Persian UJ POK:1000; BQT:502
p
tof : spit kUHj
tofang : "spitter", gun l5*j&3
►
Sanskrit ffl iec:1005
sthivamT : spit
H
L
^
Germanic
Greek 03 I EC: 1005
ptuo : spit
English 03 ahd
spit, sputter
Sqand
Sqombh-no
see root: Skand
see root: Kamma
441
S.r.b Sreu
Arabic 03 fva:208
S.r.b:
W
Arabic 03 fva:208
Sarab : a drink
W
^
Latin 03 kln:1450
SiripUS : a drink
~~\
h
Persian ffl mon; fva:208
'
Sarab : w/ne ( ^jk 4 ^Sj&fl ) yl^i
Sarbat : sherbet c*> «&
2> jljjl pjji Oj_i jji <UA I j j^w jit - Ji jljjl ftxi CU*0 ^J-I jl aOu jl JU
Hafez ' " '
Wl
Turkish
French
English 03 kln:1434
sherbet
English
syrup
Srem
see root: Ser 1
Indo-European 03 pok:1002
SriinO : thigh, hip
V*
Avestan 03 pok:1002
rana 2 : thigh
W
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:339
Persian UJ BQT:932; HRN:135
ran : thigh
O'J
Indo-European 03 pok:1002
SresW: to drip
W
Avestan 03 pok:1002
Srask: (eardrop
^
Pahlavi
03 BQT:1124;SNS:183
Sresk : drop
Persian 03 POK:1002; BQT:1124
Seresk: (eardrop
lXm
'J»
Hafez c$ j A) ^liy^ q Xal oi «*> j)L
Sreu
see root: Ser 1
442
Sanskrit 03 KLN:823; MON:2050
Srgala, Crgala:/ . e
BQT:1270 indicates the root may be from Babylonia
v*
Pahlavi 03 mon:2050
Sagal : coyote
^
Srgala | Srva 2
~X
Persian UJ kln:823
sagal, sogal : coyofe ( J^ , JlSjs ) J^
Wl
Turkish
English 03 kln:823
jackal
Avestan 03 bly:78
O Tl ra : satisfied
Avestan "srfra" was found in POK:618
with the meaning of "pretty".
W
"A
Pahlavi ffl bly:78
Ser : satisfied, not hungry
^
Persian 03 bly:78
SIT : not hungry, satisfied, full ( ^| y^» ) y^»
Attar to j| Js\( jA*A <Uax) Jw _ U jl Ji IjJ X&j j^ti jS
Indo-European 03 IEC:1277
Srisa, Srisna: me, saw
Persian
UJ
IEC:1277;
MON:209
arreh :
Anvarf
saw
(JuL> <G
3 i^Xwiu
•3
J.^
<0
-iiW
•Uljb-j
(^5-Lw
o j^Xfl
;i
•3'
Latin 03 I EC: 1277
Greek 03 I EC: 1277
rhine : file
English 03 AHD; KLN:1424
Serra : a saw-iike organ
Serrate : notched
serradela, serranoid, serriferous, serriform, serrulate
Srisna
Sru
see root: Srisa
see root: Ser 1
Avestan 03 BQT:1116; SYN:617; BRT:1649; SNS:183
"A
STL! 3, SrVa 2:lead(metal)
W
^
Pahlavi 03 HRN:161; BQT:1116; SNS:183
SrpTn, Sruben : lead, made of lead
h
Persian ffl MON:266,1854; BQT:1116; SNS:614
'
SOrb : lead ( kJ& P )**>\ t u-> P w«l ) u-> **>
Srva 2
see root: Sru 3
443
w
Sta | Sta
Indo-European 03 pok:1008,1009
Sta, Stha, StaW-. to stand
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian
03 BQT:123; HRN:20; POK:1008
Sta 1 : to stand, to set
sta 1 , stata, sta 1 , sti
W
Persian ffl BQT:289,1097, HRN:20
- Stan : location of
center of
£}W«-
bagstan : location
(mountain) ofgoc/^Bhag (A
fwrf)
o^
Setak : branch
( T W«l <utUI i
fw
I UUiM
'wMWwW ijjw AjveJp |")<^> i *y},y*£>
I ^xJ^,
lr*y
Kasaf Marvzf
'J5* .3 jy £j>, 05? ^r 3
OlwJ
3 £u
Avestan / Old Persian
03 BQT:123; HRN:20; POK:1008; KNT:210
adi-Sta : in standing^" En
tap-Stana : place (time) of heat^Tap
a-Stana : entrance
Stuna, Stuna : column, pillar
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:67
"st'wn:p///a/
h
Persian 03 bqt; mon
'
Tstadan ( ^L. , J\l*\ ) ^\l^>\
tabestan : "heat season" ^jZ^JC
astan : entrance ( {i\ij\ ) \\ij\
p
SOlUU: pillar ( ^\ ) ^f^
V
Avestan
03 KLN:1222; POK:1008; SYN:1376; SOD:439
ava-Stata, hv6-ISta : standing in front (of students)
f ra-Sta : "stand forward", send^ Par 1
fra-ais, fraesta -."sent forward' '®"psr1
par-Sta ifstend around], worship'^' Per 1
par-Sti : "stand up", back *" Par 1
a-X-Sta, aXStl : puf in place, put in peace
Persian UJ bqt:1463;
HRN:66,182
OStad : teacher
ferestadan : send
parastTtan : worship"
post : back cJSj
astT : peace Zji I
w
Old Persian 03 knt:210
ava-Sta : set down, restore
ni-Sta, nista : command
W
Avestan
03 POK:1009,1011; KLN:1508; HRN:205
Sta-Xra : firm, hard
Sta-Xma, Sta-mba : hardship, cruelty
vi-Sta-ka : harsh, rude^Wi
Stura : thick, large, husky
h
Persian 03 HRN:158-9,205; BQT:1099,1816
estaxr : "firm" A^J
Setam : "hardship" J^
gOStaX : "hard mannered" ( * tj ) * t»5
SOtorg : "large and strong" Ct y**»
Ferdowsi
w
^
Avestan
03 POK:866; MON:191; AVG:237; LEW:904
ratha-estra : "standing o,
a chariot", warrior Ret
h
Persian 03 BQT:97, 1895; ARB:203
'
artestar:so«/er (J^>jh j^jl
laskar : army ( ^SLj= ) jSjil
444
Sta Stak
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1008,1009
Sta, Stha, Stak -.to stand
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Latin 03 ahd
Stabulum : standing plai
I
Arabic 03 mon ►-
Persian 03 mon:266
establ : stable jjjj
English 03 ahd
Stable 1 : horse shelter
^
Germanic
Standan : to stand
French 03ahd:1257
estandard : (a nag)
standing firmly Kar 1
h
Persian ffl mon:239
'
estandard : standard, ^jljjh^l
a hard standing rule"
English 03 ahd
standard
V»
English 03 ahd
stand, station, steel
^ I Latin 03 ahd \>-
^
English 03 ahd
constant, cost, distance, exit, instant, substance
store, resist, statistics, system,
Stable 2 : steady
Indo-European 03 pok:1010
Stai 1 , Tai : to steal
A
Old Persian
03 FFD:59
Stan, Sta 3:tostea/
Persian 03 HRN:157; BQT; FFD:59
Setadan : to grab, steal ( ^XLu , £)Jud ) fr&*i
Fsrdowst J_j 4 |j j| ^y, (Jjj 4j Xol Is - llf Jjl&j I j •JjS cJS <Vy^>
Avestan 03 pok:1010
tayu : thief
Sogdian 03 S0D:384
t'y -.thief
^
Sanskrit 03 POK:1010; SYN:790
Stena, Sta : to steal, t
stayu, tayu:ft/ef
Stai 2
Stak
see root: Stei
see root: Sta
445
Stebh Stebh
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1012
OtGDn : support, stem
Avestan 03 POK:1012; BQT:1098; SOD:363
Stawra : firm
stambana : support
Stembya : hard
W
W
Pahlavi
03 BQT:1098; FVQ:59; MON:261,262
Stapr, Stawr : strong
hostubar, asto-bar: firm®" Bhsr
asto-ban:f/rm®"pa
Sogdian 03 S0D:63
stmb:
Old Persian 03 bqt:1100; knt:210
Stambaka : strong
Stamb : stand firm, revolt
Sogdian 03 S0D:66
St np : strong, violent
Germanic 03 ahd
^*- 1 Greek
~X
Persian 03 BQT:127, 1098; FVQ:59; MON:240
Setabr : strong, thick
estabrak : strong cloth
OStOVar : firm, an army rank
OStOVan : firm, an army rank
/ T • I » ' \T • I » I
Persian 03 bqt; fsf:223
Setonbeh : strong, violent, ugly
VTs-o-Ramtn <t CJiy>i <l> j>Jj yii
English
stamp, stump, staple, step, staff
^
English 03 ahd
Steven , Stephen
44!
Steg | Stei
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1013
Steg, Teg: to cover
~x
Old Persian ffl knt:186
tacara : cover, house, castle
Persian ffl HRN:84; BQT:472
tajar : winter house, castle
Nazan Qahestanf
Persian
03 AHD:1543; KLN:1510
taj:c
W
Persian 03 hrn:81
; BQT:458
Tajik
<
^w«Xc>-u )
lX^U
taZI : /Iran
Lijtf
Sa'dt (As- jiSu
0^> J y 0*^/3
■ f 3J 3
Ovw>U
j Jjjj gJjO o >p
Originally, "tazf, tajT: royal" referred to Iranians in Yemen
. Later it
referred to Arabs. MON:996 derives "tajfk" from Turkish
:tat: farmer".
Persian ffl mon:996
taj-Var : crown wearer, king ^^ Bher 1
j*r
b
W
Greek 03 PRT:719; SHP:358
tiara : a head dress (crown)
English 03 prt:358
tiara, tire, attire
Persian UJ mon:1014
tayer:»re,", j>
"wheel crown"
■b
^+- 1 Hindustani
English 03 prt
Taj Mahal : royal place (palace), a mausoleum In India
Germanic 03 pok:1013; ahd
thakjan : to cover
thakam : roof
English 03 ahd
thatch : foliage used for building roofs
deck
Latin 03 ahd
tegere : to cover
tegula : tile
English 03 ahd
tile, toga
detect, protect
^
Old Irish 03 ahd
tech : house
Irish 03ahd:1191
Sean tig : old house
English Q3ahd:1191
Shanty : cabin
Indo-European 03 pok:1010
Stei, Stai 2 -.stone
Avestan 03 POK:1010; KLN:1518
Sta 2, Stay : heap
Germanic
03 AHD
StainaZ : stone
Stlfaz : stiff
x —
Swedish
03 AHD:1381
tung-sten :
heavy stone
I French
Persian UJ amd:628
tangstan : "heavy stone"
jJx
English 03 ahd
stone, tungsten, stiff
447
Steig | Steig
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1016
~X
Steig, Stig, Teig ■. pointed, sharp
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:1016
tigra : sharp, pointed
taeza, taega : sharp
tigra : Tigris,
"fast moving" river
<,
Persian ffl BQT:543,1104,1105
tir : "pointed" thing, sharp, arrow («J t V^jJJt wj
tlf-kas : a bag for carrying arrows, gu/Ver^Kenk 1 ( A$ S) $»5 y3
S61IZ : "sharp" ( jCwmw i &%****> i A.U Vwm« ) \****>
setThTdan : to fight ( ax^£U« ) ax*&*1*
* ►Semitic G3irn:112
Diglat: 7/gris
w
Arabic
03 IRN:112
DTjIat
Persian 03 MON5:520; IRN:112
De'\\eh : "fast river", Tigris &h>}
Diyaleh : name of another river in Iran <uto
Ferdowst ^|jj>- iX^i I j J_3j jl y lj)l*> - Os) c^'-^ s-^'S^fr' J"*'
"Arvand :swift (river)" is translation of "Dejleh: fast (river)".
W
Greek ffl prt:667
tigriS : fast running
English ffl PRT:667
tiger : a fast running animal
Tigris : a fast moving river
W
Greek 03ahd
Stizein : to prick
a-Stigmat : without a (focal) point
French
Persian 03 mon:54
astigmat olXl*T
^
English
astigmatism
W
Germanic 03 ahd
Stik : to prick, attach
French 03 ahd:451
etiquette : label, a set of instructions
Persian 03 mon:140
etiket : n
C^Xol
English
etiquette
V*
English
stick, ticket
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
Stinguere : to separate, distinguish
English
distinguish, extinguish, instinct
44S
Steigh | Ster 1
Indo-European 03 pok:1017
~X
Steigh, Stoigh
to stride, step, rise
Greek 03 pok:107; ahd
Stoixeion : shadow line, element
Arabic 03 tad:3
estoqOS : element
^
Persian 03 mon:266
OStoqOS : substance, strength ..'a'U.M
Sanskrit 03 pok:1017
Stignoti : he climbs
English 03ahd:1269
Stoichiometry : determining different elements in a chemical compound
Greek 03 ahd
StiXQS : row, line
English 03ahd:1268
stitch
Germanic 03 ahd
Staigrf :sfa/r, step
English 03 ahd
stair
Stena
see root: Ten 2
^
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1029
~X
Ster 1, Stor, Stn
to spread
Avestan
03 KLN:1522; FFD:73
Star 1 : to spread
Wi-Star : to spread
apart^Wi
Pahlavi
03 BQT:278,1816; HRN:205
Vi-Startan : to spread
out^Wi
Vi-Starak : bed (spread
for sleeping) ^^ Wi
Xak-astar : spread dust
(fire ashes)
Latin
03 KLN:1522
Strata : paved
path
► Greek 03 kln
Persian UJ BQT:702,1816; SNS:273; FFD
gOStardan : to spread \} jl«0
bastar : bed i«j
Xakestar : ashes Z»S\*
Fsrdowst ( vuO j jj, ^i^i I jXa ZJ& <0
Aramaic 03 kln:56
israta: paved paft
w
Arabic
03 POK:56; FVQ:195; TAD:34
Serat : paft, way
\*
Persian 03 mon
Serat : road |j| ^
Mjub CO y> t y C-3 j«u y C-**0
Molavf
English 03 ahd; kln
stray, street
Latin 03 ahd
Struere : to construct
industria : activity
English
construct, destroy, instruction
industry, structure
Greek 03ahd:1273
StratOS : multitude, army
StratOS-agein : army feader®" Ag
French 03ahd:1273
Strategie : a military plai
^
Persian 03 mon:246
esteratezT
Li^iljl-I
English 03ahd:1273
strategy
Germanic 03 ahd
Strawam : scattered
English
straw
445
Ster 2 Ster 3
Indo-European 03 pok:1027
Ster 2: ster
~x
Avestan 03 pok:1027
star 2
h
Persian 03 ahd
'
setareh : star qM^
Farrokhzad ^U— wl CU*0 j<p 'j\ Olfi\ _ ^U3 j'j Ju <p U GjUw ^^>
IEC:260 derives "setareh" and "axtar" from the same root. See "Apanak".
Germanic 03 ahd
sterron : star
English
star
Greek 03ahd:81
aster
aster-lambanein : taking (measuring) stars
Persian 03 mon:248; etm:45
OStor\ab : astrolabe ( t_»^f i»»iil ) t_»^f i»»l
" ^
English 03 ahd
asterisk, astrolabe, disaster
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
sterron : star
English
constellation
Indo-European 03 pok:1022
Ster 3, Sterp : s»
Pahlavi 03 hrn:86
turUS : sour (stiff) taste
Persian UJ POK:1022; BQT:485
torOS, tors: sour ( i,3 , U J ) ^jbj
Latin 03 ahd
torpere : to be stiff
English
torpedo
Germanic 03 ahd
Sterk : to move stiffly
Staren : to look with stiff eyes (stare)
Strut : to stand firm
starkjan : to stiffen
Sterben : to become rigid (die)
h
Persian 03 mon:238
estart : start O jt<«l
w
^
Greek 03 ahd
SterOS : solid
English 03 ahd
stereo
cholesterol
Persian
estenyO : "solid, three dimensional" -j ^m\
kolestrol : "hard gall, first found in gallstones" J. Z^iS
450
Ster 4 Steu 1
Indo-European 03 pok:1031
Ster 4: barren
~~\
Sanskrit 03 pok:1031
Stari : infertile, barren
Persian 03 BQT:1100; MON:1833
Satarvan : sterile ( fo j=J ) fo p,
Latin 03ahd
Sterilis : unfruitful
French
h
Persian ffl mon:249
'
esterTITzeh : sterilized ovJjjld
^
English 03 ahd
sterile, sterilize
Sterp
see root: Ster 3
Indo-European 03 pok:1035
~X
Steu 1 :
to praise
W
Avestan
03 POK:1035
StaV : to praise
Staoiti : praised
Pahlavi
03 BQT:747,1098; SNS:31
StayTtan : to praise
astvan : believer,
trusted
astoban : confessor
^
Persian
ffl BQT:1101
HRN:159; NYB:180; SNS:31; MON:261
setayidan
to praise
*.l}"^ 5^* u * |JiJwrf) /}«LOWm
OStOVan : believer, confessor
XastU : believer, confessor
(£}l y-#*>) y-#*>
CwW*»"«XJ
5 Ci-*«jk V 1 y 1 y£ <w»*> aJ>
Ferdowsf
CI^mvO C
'j ,yJ K 'j ■>> 3 d'jj
451
Steu 2 | Stoigh
Indo-European 03 pok:1032
~X
SteU 2, TeU 2, Teiip-.topush, beat, hit, also throw
Avestan 03 SNS:147
tap 1 : to hit,
hurt, destroy
Persian 03 SNS:147
tabah : ruined, destroyed, bad ( ^ ) j^Jf
IEC:1365 derives these words from Indo-European root "Tabh: to rot"
Sanskrit 03 POK:1034; SNS:147
tup, tub : to hurt, destroy
Sanskrit 03 pok:1032
tuj : to press, push, throw
W
Old Persian 03 bqt:172; ffd:32
ham-tauj, ham-taug, ham-taUX : to throw together, pile up, store ®"Sem 1
w
Pahlavi
03 BQT:172; AEF:159
ham-toxtan, han-dozh:
to store, add up, save
Persian UJ BQT:171; AEF:159
andlJXtan : to save, store
Sa'dt JiiqJil <&£
JjjjJ
3 ***** /jJIh> _ -^jy 1 ' f^y* M V^ y
W
W
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 543
Staup : deep , projecting
Stubb : stump, stub
StUKKjam : fragment, covering
English 03 ahd
steep
stub
stucco
^
Latin 03ahd:1544
Stupere : to be stunned, stupid
Studere : pressing forward, study
English 03 ahd
stupid, stupendous,
study, student
Indo-European 03 pok:1035
otGWG : to cluster, condense
~~\
W
W
^
Sanskrit 03 pok:1035; ahd
Stupa : a round mass, ball
Turkish 03 hjb:933
top, tob : ball, c
Persian 03 HJB:933; BQT:526
tup : ball, cannon
vy
Greek 03 ahd
Stuppe : tuft, toe
Latin 03 ahd
Stuppare : to stop with toe
English
stop, stuff
Stha
Stig
Stoigh
see root: Sta
see root: Steig
see root: Steigh
452
Stomen Str
Indo-European 03 pok:1035
StOmen : mouth
w
w
^
Avestan 03 POK:1035; KLN:1518
Staman : mouth (of a dog)
Greek 03 pok:1035
Stoma, StomaXOS : mouth, throat
^\
h
Persian ffl hrn:267
'
astam : mouth (obsolete) J^,|
Latin 03 kln:1518
stomachus :
taste, stomach
English 03 ahd
stomach
Stor
Str
see root: Ster 1
see root: Ster 1
453
Su 1 I Su 1
Indo-European 03 POK:342,1037,1174; KLN:548
SU 1, ESU, WeSU:ira//,good
PART 1
~x
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
^
Avestan
03 POK:1037
hu 1 : good
V
w
Avestan
03 POK:780,1037; HRN:111; HUB:57
hu-apah : good deed®"Op
hu-citra : nice faced®"Skai
hu-nara : good virtue, art^Nsr 1
hu-Vaeda : well known ^Wsid
Avestan
03 POK:780,1037; HRN:111; HUB:57
hu-nivak : nice sound^Wskw
hu-Snuta : well satisfied^ Kss 2
Avestan 03 BQT:71 7,737,748,2365; HRN:108
hu-jasta : well wished, cfessed^Gwhsdh
hu-parathwa : good to be crossed^ Par 2
hu-rama : well rested^' Ram
hu-SraV : well famed, famous (ruler)
** Klsu 1
hu-maya : well, blessed
W
Greek 03ahd
Euphrates : Euphrates r
W
W
Avestan 03 BQT; FAF:708; ZMA:48
hu-mana:ive//mannered c *"M8n 1
hav-sivanga, hao-syangh : good
builder, with good household
Avestan 03 VDQ:39; MAG:186
hava-rd : well grown, well-builfi
W
Pahlavi 03 MAG: 186
hu-rUSt:we//du//(,
beautiful
Persian 03 BQT:21 74,2297,2401
XLib : good
Ujj>
hozTr : "well faced"
&
honar : "nice work"
r*
hovayda : "well apparent"
Ijjyt
w
Hindustani
03 AHD:328
XUSI : pleasant
English
cushy
Persian
UX BQT:21 74,2297,2401
xonya :
nice sound"
(j> wi*) wi*
xosnud
: "well satisfied"
(J^j?) JlaJwi>
U-W& <W*.
U JiJi j<p* cOo -«jb
Ferdowsf
t-J <p
oJiLiS j^^'y *■**■>)
Persian 03 bqt
XOJasteh : "blessed"
4*.**JC>-
Feral : a river "to cross over"
olji
XOrram : "well rested"
f>
XOSCT : "well known" king
(tjj»$) ^j»J>
XOSrOW : "famous" in-law
(o jy*>< JY^^J*^
homa : blessed ( ^U* ( tJUA ) U*
ijb^Sji^lj
yi-f <Uit>jJ (jLiti
Sa'dt ijljLs jjiU j
^ )*& {j\&2£—»*\ <0
English
Euphrates
Persian
ffl BQT; FAF:708; ZMA:48
Human
'We// mannered" 'wa<JS
Husang
: "good builder" lSJw&<JS
Farrokhf
Arabic
03 VDQ:39; MAG:186
hur : heavenly women
Persian 03 mon:1378
hur 1 : heavenly women \&p
454
Su 1 I Su 1
Indo-European 03 POK:342,1037,1174; KLN:548
SU 1, ESU, WeSU:ira//,good
PART 2
~x
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
^
Old Persian 03 knt:175
hu, U, UV:good
^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:177
U-Vara-Zmi : good ... land-^ Ghdhem
The meaning of "vara" is not clear
^
Avestan / Old Persian ffl BQT:22(lntroduction),781; MON5:488
huvarazmiS, XVarazmiS, XVarizem : One of the original residences of the
Aryan people (Airyanemwaejo). Now it is known as "Khiva" in central
Asia between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, along the Amu Darya
W
Persian 03 BQT:781,805; MON5:488,491; KLN:49
Xarazm , Kharazm : a city in central Asia, modern Khiva
OM
XarazmT : from Kharazm
yiM
XTveh, XTvaq : Kharazm
i3 v** * by*?*
Hafez JJjsc* U fjj'^ V {£& OUwbo JO - Jjww>5 0.3~^
OjJ y> b&\&
Kharazmf is surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammad ebn Musa, the great
mathematician of the ninth century. His great work "Al-Jabrwal
Moqabeleh" introduced the Arabic numerals and Algebra in Europe.
ll
( 'Arabic
AI-XwarazmT : the
ninth century
mathematician
Middle Latin 03 ahd:33; kln:49
algorismUS : the Arabic systi
'em of numerals
W
French
03 AHD:33
algorisme,
algorithme
Persian 03vop:17
algoritm :
algorithm
pijjyJI
English 03 kln:49
algorism, algorithm
^
Old Persian 03 knt:175,176,177
U-VaXStra : well grown, former king of Media^^ Aueg
U-XSnaV : well satisfied, happy
U-kara : good army'-^' Koro
U-Cara : well done *" Kwer
U-tana : with good extension (children) ^^ Ten 1
UV-aspa : with good horses ** Ekwos
Persian UJ knt:177
Hovaxsatar: j«&>5&
a former king of Media
vroid
Persian 03 knt:175,176,177
U-f rasta : well investigated^ Perk 1
U-barta : well born, esfeemed^*" Bher 1
U-martiya : containing good men ** Mer 2
UV-nara : having good men ** Ner 1
U-ratha : having good chariofs^*" Ret
UV-aSStika : good spearmen ** Eres 2
455
w
Su 1 I Su 1
Indo-European 03 POK:342,1037,1174; KLN:548
SU 1, ESU, WeSU:ira//,good
PART 3
~x
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan 03pok:1174
VOhu, VahU:good
vahya, vahisto
W I Avestan 03 SYN:1176; KLN:169, 401
Vahu-man : well mannered^ 'Man 1
Vah-ista : best (place), heaven ^Isto
vau-misa: ?
^ I Avestan 03
SYN:1176; KLN:169, 401
asa-vahista, artha-vahista : best justice
^Ar
daraya-vaus, darayat-vahu -.beholds
goodness^^ Dher 1
W
Greek 03ahd
hu, eUS-.good
w
Greek 03 KLN:548,549; ahd
eU-kaliptOS : well covered (flowers) *
eU-klid0S : well famed,
(a 300 BC. mathematician)
ev-angelion : good news (Bible) ®" Ac
eU-genOS : wellborn ®"Gsn8 1
hu-gies : living in good hea/ft^Gwsi
v»
Persian 03 BRT:1405; BQT:322
beh : good ( ^^ , jl^> ) ij t
Persian UJ BQT:101,326,328,1819; MON:327; ZMA:19
Bahman : "well mannered"
behest : Tjesf"
gOStay : "best", heaven
jl<p- Ja> '-J& <iL_>
Persian
ffl BQT:101 ,326,328,1819; MON:327; ZMA:19
OrdTbehest: "best justice"
DariUS : "he holds goodness"
Persian UJ MON:404; MON5:165,190
okaliptUS : a type of plant ^slj^al
OqlTdoS : "famous" ^xjil
Angelyun : Bible ( j^| ) ^^J&l
English 03 ahd
eucalyptus, Euclid, Evangelical, Eugene, hygiene
W
^
Sanskrit 03ahd:1298
SU : good
SU-asti, SVasti : well being, goodluck^Es 2
English 03ahd:1298
SWastica, Swastika : an ancient religious symbol
adopted in 1935 as an emblem of Nazi Germany
45*
Su 2 | Sutg
W
W
Indo-European ffl pok:1038
bU Z: wild boar, pig
^\
Avestan 03 pok:1038
nU 2 : wild boar
hu-Xerpa : boar-shaped, pig t **Sek
Persian 03hrn:113
XUk:
J,
f
Greek
03 ahd
SUS : swine
SUS-phil0S : friend
of swine^^ Bh\\\
huaina : hyena
Latin 03 AHD:1306; KLN:1561
SyphiluS : name of a shepherd in
a poem by a physician (1530)
who was the first victim of
a disease that was later named
after his poem hero, Syphilis.
hyaena : hyena
► French
Persian
03 MON:1979
siflis
seflis
English 03 ahd; kln
hyena, syphilis
Germanic 03 ahd
SWinam:sw/ns
English
Celtic 03 ahd
SUkkO:hog
English
hog
^
Latin 03 ahd
SUS : pig, anything dirty
English
soil
Su3
Su4
Sua
see root: Sawel
see root: Seu 3
see root: Kwon
W
Indo-European 03 IEC:1354
A
OUIC| :jump, dance
Avestan / Old Persian
03 HRN:103; ETM:66
haiz : to rise
XVISat : he rises
Xaezanuha : raise, rise
pairi-xaezanuha:
raise, rise ^^ Perl
Pahlavi
03 NYB:39; FVS:199
xastan, xezistan:
to rise
rist-axez : (the day of)
rising dead Leith
Persian 03 BQT:700,745,948; HRN:103; IEC:1354
Xastan : to r
rastaxtz : rising of the dead \*£>ll*j
w
L
^
Avestan 03 hrn:102
haXS : to r
Middle German 03 I EC: 1354
SWicken : to jump, dance
457
Sukurna Sus
Avestan 03 hrn:164
~X
Sukurna, Skarna:
W
Pahlavi
03 MON:1905
SUkur:a/a
porcupine
^
Persian ffl BQT:1157; HRN:164; MON:1905; FRS:100
SOgOf : a large porcupine
5* 5*
Sanskrit 03 bqt:1310
~X
Sulaka:
c
^
Persian 03 MON:2092; BQT:1310; FSF:242
SUlak : wild or fast horse
OJq
Fsrdowst jljuau jX&J Ji-mi jl <^-3jJ _ jUjJJul ojjj: jj
Syriac 03 kln:1541
A
Summaq:
W
Arabic 03 kln:1541
SUmmaq : the sumac tree
(has red fruit that is dried and used as a spice)
Persian 03 mon:1917
SOmaq : sumac ( jJUrf ) 3L*
SOmaK : sumac ( Lo us^u ) O U*u
SOmaq-pala : sumac shaker ^[> ^[^a
W
^
Middle Latin 03 kln:1541
sumach
Old French 03 kln:1541
English 03 kln:1541
sumac, sumach
Sup 1
Sup 2
see root: Swep
see root : Kup 1
Akkadian 03 bqt:1130; akd:53
A
Surmenu
cypress tree
v*
Aramaic 03 akd:53; bqt:1130
surbina, sarwaina:
W
Arabic
03 BQT:1130
SafV : cypress
Pahlavi 03bqt:1130
sarv, sarb:c
^
Persian UJbqt:1130
SafV : cypress tree, also referred to o J»
a tall and well-built lover
Sarvestan : cypress garden ** Sta d^S r"
Hafez JJjw>5 /**>**> ^w ^«J~w>5 J5 ?.Ui>
Sus
see root: Saus
45£
Sutus Sweib
Sutus
see root: Seu 3
Indo-European 03 syn:510
OV3S : thresh, beat grain
v*
Avestan 03 syn:510
XVasta : threshed
a-XVasta : unthreshed^ He 1
^
Persian LLI SYN:510; M0N:1455
XOSt : pressed, squeezed, mashed ( C-wJ* ) C^ai*
Indo-European ffl pok:1039
~X
Swad : -
Avestan 03 POK:1040; FFD:51
XWaS, XWad : to desire
XVastO : sweetened by cooking
XVand : sweet taste
XVandra-kara : pleasing^ Kwer
Pahlavi
03 HRN:110; BQT:783
XVastan : to desire,
want
Sanskrit 03 POK:1039; KLN:1552
SVad : sweet desirable
SVadati : to desire, want
Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1552
SWOtja : sweet
^
Latin 03 ahd
SUadere : to advise as good (sweet) option
pGr-SUadGfG : to advise intensively, persuade
Persian 03 bqt:783
Xastan : to want
Cr* 1 ^
>!&> <^*&lai»- i JWalai* <C-w«l&i»-
English
sweet
English
persuade
Indo-European 03 pok:1041
Swei : to bend, twist
OWGI D : move swiftly like a snake
W
W
^
Avestan 03 pok:1041
XSVira : swil
xsvaewa : si*
Pahlavi 03 BQT:1319,1329
sepak : fast
easy to understand
Persian
03 BQT:1319,1329; HRN:178,179; MON:2115
Slba : a large snake
S I Va : easy to understand, clear
^ I
Germanic 03 ahd
SWip: sweep
SWtf : fast move
&**«
English
sweep
swift, swap, sway, swivel
Sweib
see root: Swei
455
Sweid Swekwo
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1043
Sweid -.sweat
^\
Avestan 03 pok:1043
XVaeza : sweat
Persian 03 bqt:797
Xay, XOy : sweat saliva (J J>
Ferdowsr xj& [S^ <-^ M $ 7V) M . ') - "^"^ ^j {5y* <^w*tfO l/^3
v>
^
Persian 03 HRN:114; BQT:805; MON:1472
^
XeyU : saliva ( ' 0&*> ) &*>
Fsrdowst Jjjjli^ljj l^J jjj yS _ JJJjU Jj3 i)' JH 1 j'-^.-*)
Sogdian 03 SOD:180
XWyS : to sweat
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
SWaidaZ : swea(
English
sweat, sweater
Indo-European 03 pok:1044
Sweks, Seks: «
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1044; GPL41
XSVaS : six
XSVaS-dasa : sixteen ^Dskm
XSVasti : sixty
Germanic 03 ahd
seks:
Latin
Greek
hex:
~X
h
Persian ffl bqt:1266
'
SeS : six ( c^Jk t o^^U ) JbJ>
English
six, sixteen, sixty
English
'
semester
English
hexagon, hexadecimal
Indo-European 03 pok:1044
Swekwo : r-
w
Greek 03 ahd
hopOS, OpOS:ju/ce
Opion : poppy juice
Wl
Latin
^
~X
Persian 03 bqt:86
apyun : opium ( ^\ ) ^l
English
opium
460
Swel 1 Swen
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1045
Swel 1 : to eat
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:1045; AEF:10
xvar 2, xwar: to eat
aVO-XVarena : animal shelter
for drinking and eatlng^^ Ab 1
I,
4-Pahlavi
03 MON:1455; BQT:788
XVartan : to eat
XVaris : stew
aV-XUr : stable
Persian 03 MON:1455; FVF:221
XOrdan : to eat
XOreS : stew
XOrangah : dining room ^Gwa
Xavamag : royal dining room (castle)
aXOf : animals' "drinking place"
Son bat Larf
IEC:1348 derives "xoreh: leprosy" from
Indo-European root "Swer: to cut".
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
SWel-han : to swallow
English
swallow
Swel 2
see root: Sawel
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1046
Swen : t,
Avestan 03 pok:1046
XVan, XWan : to call, sound
w
Pahlavi 03 bqt:784
XVantan : to read,
sing, call
W
L
^
Latin 03 ahd
SOnUS : sound
Germanic 03 ahd
SWanon : singer
^\
Persian 03 HRN:110; BQT:784
Xandan : to read, sing, call
XanTdan : to echo, to be famous
aXUnd : preacher
Fsrdowst U> j| jjij jji Jua^kl j _ L9j J j^fi <U JUS <U aJ_Jj»
English
sound, sonic
English
461
Swep | Swe-sor
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1048
Swep, SUP 1 :to sleep
~~\
Avestan
03 POK:1048; HRN:107; FFD:50
XWap, XVap, XWaf: to sleep
xvafna, xwafsa : sleep
hufsa : to sleep
Pahlavi 03 ffd:50
XWab, XUft: sleep
Persian 03 BQT:746,760,780; HUB:56; MON:1431
Xab : sleep, dream
XOftan : to sleep
XOftak : nightmare
Xafj : nightmare
p p
Sogdian 03 S0D:173
XWbn : dream
'wbs : to sleep
W
Greek 03ahd
hupnOS : sleep
French
h
Persian 03 am D: 1985
hipnotlSm : hypnotism (**h*3&X**&
^
English 03 ahd
hypnotism
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1050; ieC:1348
~X
Swer :
to press, cut, hurt
Avestan
03 POK:1050; KLN:1554
XVara : thorn, to pierce
Persian 03 HRN:109; BQT:766; DMO:110
Xalldan : to pierce, dip In water
Xaleh : thorn, also an oar
Xale-ban : pilot, originally one who rows a boat
Cv^o i-JJ* <6 l5jI> - i j £-5j> y <l& 5 <6 Jy»
w
L
^
Avestan 03 IEC:1348
XWarO : wound
Persian 03 I EC: 1348
XOfeh : gangrene, leprosy, corruption
MON:1455 derives this from Persian "xordan: to eat". See Swel 1.
•jy
Germanic 03 kln:1554; ahd
swerdam : sword
English
sword
Swer
Swe-sor
see root: Wer6
see root : Seu 1
462
S.x.r | Sypwr
Arabic 03 sap:683
~X
S.XT:
w
Arabic 03 sap:683
maSXarah : mockery
I
Persian 03 mon:4109
maSXareh : funny, clown
jAW>
Italian 03 kln:944
maSChera : mockery
French 03 kln:944
masque : mas*
I
h
Persian ffl mon:3699
'
mask :mask SJu
^
English
mask, masque, masquerade, mascara
Sanskrit 03 SKT:260; HJB:433
A
Syand : to tow
SindhU:S:e ei
^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 kln:787
hend : India (a name due to
the river Indus in India)
hendT : Indian
Persian
Hend : India ( ^L^JJ,* ) JJ.A
hendevaneh : watermelon "from India" <uLjJ>A
V
English 03 ahd
Hindu, tamarind
W
^
Greek 03 ahd
Indos
Latin
Indus
English
India, Indian, indigo, indium
Sypsyr
see root: Sfsyr
Syriac / Aramaic 03 tzf:77
SypWr : trumpet
W
^
Pahlavi 03 tzf:77
sayfur
Persian 03 TZF:77; MON:2101; BQT:1319
Saypiir : trumpet ( jy^Ji ) JJ*J<
Fsrdowst ijlji (JJJjtiJ JJ*~*J si*" 0^** - ^^ JJJ— wiLS j_) b iyAj-i-i
463
Tabaco Taburak
T
Caribian 03 kln:1623
A
I 3D3CO : a pipe for smoking, roll of tobacco leaves
W
L
Hindustani 03 kln:1623
tambaka :
Persian UJmon:1147
tanbaku :
( a} Wh> ) V Wh^)
Portuguese
03 KLN:1623
tabaco
Spanish 03 kln:1623
tabaco
AHD:1350 claims this Spanish word is probably
from Arabic "tabaq: a euphoria-causing herb".
English
03 KLN:1623; AHD:1350
tobacco
W
^
French 03 kln:1623
tabac : tobacco
tabaquiere : snuffbox
English 03 kln:1563
tabatiere : snuffbox
Pahlavi 03 mon:1025
~X
Taburak:
^►|| Persian 03
MON:1025
taburak : a kind of drum ( «*o < »**; ) Ol \e*S
Rudakt e^Xw 3 X3 ^w^X) A-Jw C"#*"^ J^ 5 - *~^ )** i-S ^,-^j > -^ >-^ L5 j ^ J-* j»— 3
^
Arabic
ffl DEV:215; AHD:1313
[anbur : a drum, also
a kind of stringed
musical instrument
Persian LLI mon:1147
tanbur : a stringed musical instrument ( jaajjp ) jo*Jo
tonbak : a musical drum ( iJxJjl 4 lSwJP ) l5wJ>
V
Arabic 03 dev:215
tabiil : drum
tabbal : drummer
h
Persian UJ VFO:23; MON:2211
tabl : drum ( Jti ) jJsJ
V I Old French
Wl
Old French 03 ah d : 1 303
English 03ahd:1025
tambour, tambourine, tambour
^
English 03ahd:1303
tabor: a kind of drum
taboret : a round low stool
464
Tafriq | Tannur
TafrTq
Tai
see root: F.r.q
see root : Stai 1
Indo-European 03 pok:1055; wld1:705
A
I ell : to grow, growth, twig, wood,
a piece of wood used as a unit of length
W
W
L
^
Latin 03 POK:1055; ISS:88
talea : a (wooden) rod
Armenian 03 ISS:88
talauar : tent
Sanskrit 03wld1:705
tala : vine
Persian 03 ISS:E
talar : a roof or room on top of (wooden) pillars
m
Persian 03 MON:1133; BQT:509
A
I 3l K : a mineral, talc, talcum powder lSJJ
v*
Arabic 03 MON:1133; SHP:349; AHD:1312
talq : talc
Persian UJ MON:2232; BQT:1358
talq : n
jLk
Middle Latin 03ahd:1312
talcum
^
French B3ahd:1312
talc
^
Persian UJvop:135
talk : talcum powder uSJw
English 03ahd:1312
talc, talcum
Tannur
see root: Taniir
465
Tanur Tat
^
Indo-European 03 FVQ:92-94
~X
Tanur, Tannum™ oven
ARB:84 claims it is an Iranian word. TAD:18 and FSD:178 derive it
from root "N.w.nlight, fire". FVQ:92 claims it is a word from the
pre-lndo-European and pre-Semitic tribes. See FWK for more details.
Avestan
03 FVQ:94; BQT:523
tanura :
Pahlavi 03 FVQ:94
tanur: oven
Henning (MPP:88) gives "tnwr" as a Parthian form.
Persian UJ bqt:523
tanur :c
jr>
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:388
tn'wr:c
Hebrew
03 KLN:121
tannur:
Arabic 03 tad:18
ai-iannur: the oven
used by alchemists
I French
English 03 FSD:178; KLN:121
athanor : a self feeding furnace
Arabic 03 FVQ:92
tannur :c
^
Akkadian 03 kln:121; fvq:94
tinnura:c
Tar
Targumanu
Ta>Tf
see root: Ter3
see root: Ragamu
see root: A'.r.f
Greek 03 kln:1574
A
I 3rt3TOS : hell, a place of punishment
KLN indicates it is a word of imitative origin but DEV:218,
SHP:351 , SKT:543, and FSD:2468 all indicate that the Greek
word is taken from the Arab/Persian word "dord:sediment"
W
Arabic ffl tad:27
durdi : sediment,
an acid salt in casks
Persian ffl fsf:175
dord : sediment in casks
Ferdowsf cU**Xfl Jb'j 3 2> ji> y J^y <W& _ CU**Xfl jty> OJw>
Latin 03 KLN:1574; SKT:543
tartarum : potassium bitartate,
so called due to its burning effect
FSD:2468 & SKT:543 derive it
from Arabic "durdi: sediment"
Arabic 03 tad:46
tarteer : tartaric acid
Persian 03 mon:2221
tartir : tartaric acid
w
^
French 03 AHD:1317; DEV:218
tartre : tartaric acid
English 03 AHD:1317; SKT:543; FSD:2468
tartar : tartaric acid, a hard deposit on the teeth
Tat
see root: Atos
Tata Teks
Turkish 03 kln:1574
~X
I 313 : Name of a Mongol tribe
Persian ffl mon:994
tatar : a Mongol Tribe ( j£ t jCS ) jfe
Hafez cU-»*JjlJlJ (jjlfc <*3li (j^'j P> |J}L> 4- > - CUw<p 0^1? 'j ^'j^ <--w«3 <0 /wj*} 0' J" 1
^
^-» | Sogdian C3 S0D:392
^
tt'r
English 03 AHD; KLN:1574
Tatar : a Mongol tribe
Tata
Tauro
see root: Atos
see root : Teu 1
Pahlavi 03 MON:1131; BQT:508
TaXl : bitter
I clXl I K : bitterness
v»
^
Persian ffl MON:1131; BQT:508
talx : bitter ( aJS^JJ < ^&Jj t ^Jj ) *b
talx-Sakuk : a bitter herb (chicory) ( lS *?• «Jj ) lS yju njS
Moiavr | ^ y f^,y^ 3j-# w r^w ] u - I j y piy-^ f*-*—> cujJj> ^l j
Note the change of the last two letters and compare with "magz / mazg"
W
Arabic 03 BQT:508; KLN:1573
tarax-saquq : chicory
English 03 KLN:1573; WEB:1865
taraxacum : a kind of chicory
Taxlik
Tebh
Tebhos
Teg
Teig
Teks
see root: Taxi
see root: Teub
see root: Teub
see root: Steg
see root: Steig
see root: Tex
467
Teku 1 Tekw
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1059
~X
Teku 1, Tekw:
Avestan
03 POK:1059; BQT:503
tak, taka, tac : to run
tacaiti : runs
w
w
Persian 03 BQT; MON:5176; IEC:1372
Sharif iUJI jji U jt>ljAit>j JJjJ JJ3 _ *)i») 3j *£> Oil) «jj Oj^* 3 ^
taxtan : to ride fasf
taZldan : to ride fast
takldan : to run
ham-tak : road companion
Avestan
03 BQT:380; HRN:66
pairi-tak : to run
around Per 1
Persian
pardaxtan : to pay, to do, to attend ( jli J ) y>b y
Ferdowsr Jc»D y VJ ^U^l O {jy$ - c^*"w /^J** 6"^) *-^*?" ^
Avestan 03 BQT:128; HRN:27
ham-tac, ham-tak : to throw cr sem 1
w
Pahlavi
handacak : throw, i
Persian
andaxtan : to throw, measure, think
<y
IjjI
Sa'dt Cjr\X**$ ^)Jj ji Jj\J£ - <CJ»wl) £*J& \iw Jj_U3
andazeh : size
"J
IjjI
I,
t f-Arabic
Persian 03 BQT:2379; HRN:27
hendeseh : science of "size measurements"
O^JJJb
mohandes : engineer
(/'•^f
Fsrdowst <C>b y Oj\jl jj ^JJ+a
..c^Ljjj <y>l j >> jSj
w
w
Avestan 03 pok:1059
Vi-taxti : to msff (run apart) cS "wi
Persian 03 NYB:217; BQT:1777
godaxtan : to melt %I>lj^
Compare with derivations from root "Dhogh:to heat"
Avestan 03 pok:1059
tacar : road
tacan : haste, hurry
tahra : si*
W
Old Persian ffl pok:1059
taXSa : a type of
bow & arrow
Persian ffl bqt:476
taXS : bow and a
arrow j^j
£ H , f
Ferdowsi JJJ^i ijy <j *^ <C**> yc> - JJJ^ ,&>J j^ j^ oJJo <W&
^
Greek 03ahd:1545
tOXOn : bow and a
Latin 03ahd:1359
tOXICUm : poison for arrows
English
toxic
Teku 2
Tekw
see root: Tex
see root : Teku 1
Tel Tel
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1060; kln:122
~X
Tel:
Sanskrit 03 pok:1060; ahd
tula, tulya : balance weight
W
Avestan 03 pla:194
tara-az, tara-aZU : balance, scafe®"A
Persian 03 bqt:480
taraZ : level, balanced, nice
taraZU : scale, balance
<6 1
j
■UJ oJo <Cu u
J-*
! i ^T il il
Greek 03 ahd
a-tla : lift together
Atlas : a titan holding the heavens
I Arabic
Persian 03 BQT:143; M0N5:5155
atlas : world
atlas : world ma
atlas : Atlantic c
wi
v k
French
h
Persian ffl MON5:8
'
AtlantTk : "(ocean) by the Atlas mountain" dL*S$3 1
w
L
^
Greek 03 ahd
telos : charge, toll
talanton : weight of gold
Latin 03 ahd
tolere : carry, bear
IStUS : carried
tranS-latUS : carried across, translated^
English 03 ahd
atlas 1 : world, map
Atlantic
English
toll
talent
English
tolerate
relate
translate
w
Tern | Temp
Indo-European 03 pok:1063
TeiTl : dark
~~\
Avestan 03 pok:1063
temah : darkness
tethra : dark
Persian 03 bqt:456,51 1 ,544
tam : dark
< "j^ ' ^ilft • ft > f-*
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:387
tm : hell
V
Latin 03ahd
temere : to fear
English 03 ahd
timid, temerity
Sanskrit 03 kln:1626
tam-rah : dark red, ,
w
^
Malaysian
03 KLN:1626
tambaga : copper
Portuguese
03 KLN:1626
tombac
French
03 KLN:1626
tombac
English
03 OXF:435; KLN:1626
tombac, tambaga
Aramaic 03 kln:948
A
Temar:
he concealed
V*
Arabic 03 kln:948
temara, t.m.r: he concealed
matmurah : a hiding place, storage
Persian UJ fva:251 ; mon
matmureh : an underground storage place jo^httfl
W
^
French 03 kln:948
matamore : a dwelling plai
English 03 kln:948
mattamore : a sub-terranian dwelling
Temp
see root : Ten 1
470
Ten 1 Ten 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1064,1067
Ten 1, Tengh, Temp-.to stretch, pun
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan
03 BQT:1481 ,2376,2381; SNS:7
thang, a-thax, hanc -.to putt,
also a path, way
far-thang : pull forward,
educate^ Pev 1
Persian 03 BQT:70,516,2381; MON; HRN:14; SNS:126; FFD:28,67
hanjldan : to pull or dig out ( /\X*Pu& I ) i^X»^UJ&
hanjar : path < j\^Jt>\j ) j\^ca
ahang : intention Sm I
farhTxtan : to educate ( 7iifc i , SiAJ ) 'jliuA i
<u xo I ji jSji j'^f^j
W
Persian 03 BQT:70, 516, 2381; HRN:14; SNS:126
ahixtan : to putt out yAJfc I
( vS «*o o$ y JjKJ>\^jji /uO _ £*«$ ,_& u /y <UL^> (V^—* y*^
Naser-Khosrow
Avestan
03 SNS:147
tan : to pull,
stretch
Persian 03 pok:1064
tabidan : to sp/n ( ^ .p[i ) ^j^ti
Hafez o^wJ (*5 V*£ c2 3"* 0*-"*?.y *— ^) 0' V*^ - ^"•^ ^J^ c2 3"* ^ J"^ / & \>\^
^ | French |» 1 English 03 skt:542; kln:572
taffeta, tape, tapestry
W
Avestan
03 KLN:1585
tauruna : stretched,
tender, young
► —
Persian 03 HRN:90; BQT:217, 532; FIB:217
tar 2: wet T y
taraneh : "a tender" love song 4j\ J
tuleh : "a tender" animal baby <J -jf
turah:/acka/ jjy
Qatran Tabrfzf
w
Avestan 03 pok:1065
tathra : sfring
thri-thatra : s/far a
Persian
tar : a stringed ( j\3 <U ) jti
musical instrument
t:
Hindustani 03ahd:1210
English
sitar
Greek
03 KLN:687
kithara : s/far
Arabic
03 SAP:1381
qitar,
qetarah
► | Spanish
U
French 03 kln:687
uitare
quit
Persian 03 mon:3502
gitar
J
wO
English 03 kln:687
guitar
W
^
Latin 03ahd
cithara
English 03 ahd
zither, zithern, cither, cittern
471
Ten 1 Ten 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1064,1067
Ten 1, Tengh, Temp-.to stretch, pun
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Latin 03 ahd; pok
tendere : to stretch
tenere : to hold, keep
ana-tempa : stretched sail,
antenna
x^.
► French 03 kln:1587
Persian
anten : "stretched out (sail)"
tents
English
tent, contain, tennis, antenna, temperature, tension
W
Indo-European 03 ahd; pok
Tenu:ft/n
W
W
Avestan 03 POK:1069; BQT:41 1,515
tanu : body
a-puthra-tanu : with child in body^ Pou
taxma-tanu : with strong (jody^Tenk
peSO-tanU : with condemned body
Persian 03 HRN:88; BQT:524; VSF:16
tanidan : to stretch, pull ( kij
) (jlyJ
tan : "stretched" body
<y
abestan : "holding child in body"
0****<
Tahamtan : "with strong body"
Cr**"
PaSUtan : "with condemned body"
(fyh
^U%> 3 J!) y l5.J j*5 J
ij>d6
Qaant (V'H* ! 3 JxA^— " °"*i
; 3 Ai
Sanskrit 03 pok:1069
tanuka : thin, soft
h
Persian ffl HRN:89; BQT:519; MON:1154
tonok : thin, little
fcJJv*)
tonekeh : underwear from thin soft cloth
*uJo
See root "Kitu" for another possible root of "tonekeh"
w
Greek 03 ahd
tonOS : string
French 03 ahd
h
Persian LLI mon:1145
p
ton : tone y
English 03 ahd
tone
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
thunw : stretched, thin
English
thin
Indo-European 03 pok:1021
~X
Ten 2, Stenas
Parthian 03 pok:1021
tndwr : thunder
Persian 03 BQT:517; KLN:1613
tondar : thunder
J'
■Lo
Germanic 03 ahd
thunaraz
English 03 ahd
thunder
Latin 03 ahd
tonare : to thunder
English 03 ahd
tornado, detonate, astonish
472
Tengh | Tep
Tengh
see root : Ten 1
^
Indo-European 03 pok:1068
Tenk
: to become firm and thick
Avestan
03 POK:1068; KLN:1617; MON5:405; BQT:511
tanj-ista : most pulled together, strongest^ Isto
taxma : putted together, strong
taxma-tanu : (with) strong body cr Jen 1
taxma-Urupa : (with) strong dogs cr We\ 2
raodha-taxma : grown sfrong®" Lsudh
Persian UJ
BQT:491 ,51 9,538;
POK:1068
tang : tight
fcJJvO
tanjidan : to
squeeze, pull
(XcjJ y) ^)XcjJo
tahamtan :
'with strong body"
tf*V
Tahmuras
"with strong dogs'
&>jy*%»
Rostam : "grown strong"
Ovw> (j\
$j$ ^> I jJx XwxXl;
Ferdowsf
JxXj JxXj J) ju
J Xw\> y
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
thinhatZ : f/ghf
thangul : thick n
English
tight, thick,
tangle
Tenu
see root : Ten 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1069
I Gp : to be warm
Avestan 03 POK:1069; KLN:1589
tap 2, tab : v
h
Persian 03 bqt; hrn; ffd:46
tab : fever ( ij\j , yiti ) i_J
tabidan : shine ( ^ ( j^j ) T ^J^ti
tapidan : beat ( ^1^ ) ^j^f
^ I Avestan 03 BQT:49,453,1252,1958
tab-Stana : place (time) of heat, summer'^' Sta
ap-tab : heat emitting glitter, sun^ Ab 1
mah-tab : moonshine ** Me
para-tab : shine forward, light ray^*" Par 1
aiwis-tap : in heat, in hurry ^Ambhi
^
L
^
Sogdian 03sod:11
atp'W-.heat
> —
Persian UJ bqt; hrn
tabestan : summer
^)W^)U
aftab : sun
ujkiT
mahtab : moonshine
y>U$A
partO : light rays
yy,
Setaftan : to hurry
( utU
)^s\H
Latin 03 kln:1589
tepere : to be warm
English
tepid
473
w
Ter 1 | Ter 2
Indo-European 03 pok:1075; kln:1639
~X
Ter1,Tr :
to cross over, surpass, overcome
Avestan 03 POK:1075; KLN:1639
taro, tarya, tar -.surpass
thra : shelter, cover
Vi-tar : to pass by^" Wi
Persian 03 BQT:1778; HRN:161; TLM:92; MON:1790
tar 1 , tarin : more, most
\
Sara : house, place (jL&y ,' jLi . ,' <j\jte ) \j*
gozastan : to pass by ( cJii) < ji) ) ( slAi>
^p )IJ3 < /Juuljj
w
V
Old Persian
03 MON:1850; VDQ:255
srad, srada : house,
shelter
Arabic
03 VDQ:255; MON:1850; MAG:189
soradeq : tent
This word may have been borrowed
from Persian "sara-pardeh: tent".
Persian 03 mon:1850
SOradeq : tent, house
Latin 03ahd
trans : across
terminus : boundary
trunCUS : overcome
I French
Persian UJ mon; amd
^
English 03 ahd
trans-, transport, transform, transistor, transfer, translate
term, terminate, determine
trunk, truncate, trench
Germanic 03 ahd; kln
thr : bore through, drill
English
drill, through, thorough, nostril
Greek 03 ahd
nek-tar : overcoming death ^ Nek 1
English
nectar, nectarine
Indo-European 03 IEC:27
An-teros :
second, other, step parent AN 2
^
^
Persian 03 IEC:27; MON:373
andar : a suffix meaning step as In step father ' *Jj| _
►
Sanskrit 03 IEC:27; POK:37
antarah : other
Ter 2
see root: Tres
474
Ter 3 | Terp
Indo-European 03 PRT:863; KAS:10; POK:369; AHD:1500
"~X
I ©T O, I 3T : a kinship term, a suffix indicating
someone who performs the action indicated by the root verb
v*
Indo-European 03 pok; syn:103-107
Mci-ter : feeder (of the family). ®" Ma
Pa-ter : protector/ feeder (of the family). *" Pa
DhUgh-tar:m/ftsrfof(/i8fem//y;. t **DhBugh
B h Pa-ter : load carrier (of the family). *" Bhsr 1
GeiTie-tar : married (to the family) ^Gsms
W
Avestan 03 kln; syn:103-107
ma-tar : mother
pi-tar : father
dlig-dar: daughter
bra-tar : brother
Zama-tar : son-in-law
w
^
Germanic 03 ahd
mothar, fadar, dohter, brothar
Persian 03 bqt
madar : "feeder", mother
pedar : "protector", father
doxtar : "milker", sister
baradar : "load carrier" brother
damad : "married", in-law
English 03 ahd
mother, father, daughter, brother
^
Indo-European 03 pok:1077; kln:1592
Terp, Trep 2, Trp : to satisfy
Avestan 03 POK:1077; KLN:1592
thrafza, thrafda : satisfied
tarep : to steal
w
Pahlavi 03 pok:1077
tirft:fte«
Sogdian 03 POK:1077; SOD:125
Cft, Cf : to steal
Cftu : stolen
Sanskrit 03 pok:1077
trpti : satisfied
A
h
Persian LLI pok:1077
'
tulf : fully satisfied (obsolete) fc_jj <J
Greek 03 pok:1077; ahd
terpo : to fill, satisfy
Latin 03 pok:1077
terpsi-chore : satisfaction
from dancing
English 03 AHD; KLN:1592
terpsichore, euterp
475
Ters Teter
W
^
Indo-European 03 pok:1078
TerS : dry, to dry
~~\
Avestan 03 POK:1078; KLN:1592
tarSU : dry
tarsna : thirst
Pahlavi
tisn : thirst
tisnak : thirsty
h
Persian ffl bqt:499
'
tesneh : thirsty ( JcJS ) c£3
Molavr XJ!> Jj-U SXJ$ jjJil o*J
Latin 03 ahd; kln
terra : dry land, earth
medi-terraneOUS : midland (sea)
^Medhyo
turrere : to dry, toast
French B3ahd:1329
terraSSe : pile of earth
Mediterranee
I
Persian
03 MON:1060; MON6:1941
<GljljJu» < l /'lji
" V
English 03 ahd
terrace
English 03 ahd
terrain, terrestrial, territory
Mediterranean, subterranean
toast
Germanic 03 ahd
thurs : thirst
English
thirst
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1079
~X
Teter:
Pahlavi
03 POK:1079; KLN:1596
titar : pheasant
W
Sogdian 03 SQP:392
tt rW : pheasant
Persian 03 BQT:478; IEC:1388
tazarv : pheasant q , jj
.3J-*-' O^J "^ .3 .Md^fcjM -3j— * -^j' J^j-^-i ^-) M
V
Medit 03 I EC: 1388
tetatos, taturaS:pheasan(
Sanskrit 03 IEC:1388
tittirah:pheasanf
Greek 03 POK:1079; KLN:1596
tetraon : a bird
POK claims this is derived from Persian
Latin
tetrao, turtur, turtura
English
turtle, tortoise
47!
Teu 1 Teu 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1082
~X
Teu 1:
Avestan
03 POK:1082; HRN:89; NYB:196
taV : power, to be powerful
tavant : fast quick
tum-aspa : (with) strong horses ^Ekwos
US-tavah : out of power, fired** Ud 1
ni-US-tavah : not tired (of fighting) cr Ne 1
Persian 03 BQT:517,526,1102,1362,2138
tavan : power
tond : fast
Tahmasb : "with strong horses"
(u^muk4^) ^—m^usA*
SOtiih : tired
nastuh : energetic in fighting
Persian 03 IEC:1450,1458
tubreh : t
W
Latin 03ahd
tumere : to swe//
tuber :/ump, dag
English 03 ahd
tumor
Greek 03 ahd
tUTUS : coagulated milk, cheese, butter
tumbus : mound of earth, tomb
English
butter, tomb
Germanic 03 ahd
thumon : fat finger, thumb
thus-hundai : swollen hundred, thousand
thiuham:fa!partoffeg, thigh
English
thumb
thousand
thigh
Indo-European 03 pok:1085
I GUK : egg, seed, offspring
r
Avestan 03 pok:1085
taOXman : seed, i
w
Sogdian ffl sod:387
txm : seed, family
Persian ffl HRN:84; MON:1052
lOXm : egg, seed, testicle
*2Q
w
Old Persian 03 KNT:185; HID:211; BST:233
tauma : family
w
Indo-European
03 POK:1083; AHD
Tauro:
r
Avestan
staura, staora : strong
domestic animals
Persian 03 BQT:1102; HRN:152
SOtur : load carrying animals
• JS
jr*
US)
f>
w
w
L
Arabic 03 POK:1083; KLN:1509
thwr : bull
Persian 03 bqt:550
SOWr : cow, bull
jy
Latin 03 pok:1083
taurUS : bull
English
Taurus
^
Germanic 03 ahd
situraz : ox
English
steer
477
Teu 2 Teus
Teu2
see root: Steu 2
Indo-European 03 IEC:1371,1676
Teub, Tebh, Tebhos:s/ne
Persian UJ IEC:1371,1676; MON:1158
tlJ : fold, plait, inside ( ay ( (_5y ) " y
Tahsrt GhazvM y> ij y> Di ji ij Di ji 2 iJ2 ik^o <U ik^o _ I y y> JjJi J £~i£ I ji>U» j^iV* J^ ,P
W
Pahlavi
ffl HRN:165; MON:1942
SUk, SOk: side,
direction
Persian ffl BQT:1182; MON:1942; IEC:1371,1676
SU : direction, path
w
w
^
Armenian
03 IEC:1371,1676
k0V:
Arabic
03 FVF:380
SOq : path
Persian UJ BQT:1182; MON:1955
suq
inroads of a bazaar
suqi
: bazaar man, businessman
(&*3y») 3 y»
Teuk
Teuk-os
Teup
see root : Teu 1
see root: Keku
see root: Steu 2
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1085
~X
Teus:
empty
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:1085; SYN:933
taOS, tUS, tUSen, tUSSya: empty
I,
(•Pahlavi 03 BQT:539; SNS:151
tihlk, tuhlk : empty
w
^
Persian 03 BQT:539,537; HRN:90
tah : bottom <0>
p
tahl -.empty ( ^ ) ^
0'
lil^ jjj <l> 0j> W < ^Um*) Jw» ^ 0^ JO
Latin 03 pok:1085
tesqua : empty
47S
Tex | Tiegu
^,
Indo-European 03 pok:1058
~X
Tex, Text, Teks, Teku 2 -.to bum from wood, to bum
4-Avestan
03 KLN; HRN; POK:1058
taS : to cut, carve
tasa : ax
tasta : cup
Persian 03 IEC:1374,1409; MON
tTseh : hatchet ij^j
taxteh : board, plank, lumber <&x>
tast : a flat wash tub C-Ji5
taS : cup ( .wu ) i^Up
Zahfroddoleh
Wl
Arabic
I French
English 03 kln:1575
tass : cup
^
L
Avestan 03 FFD:46; MON:1060
tras 2, tras 2 :
Persian 03 ffd:46
tarasTdan : to cut, shave, scrape
< J>\J> ) <
Ay
Sogdian 03 S0D:384
t'S:tocuf, tablet
^
Greek 03ahd
texne : art
tekton : carpenter
arxi-tekt6n : master builder
Arxein
French 03 ahd
Persian 03 AMD:25; MON:1128
arsTtekt : "master builder" cSlJi) I
teknik : technique u$w*X>
V*
English 03 AHD:68,1321
architect, technique
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
texere : to weave
tes turn -.pot
English
context, test, text, textile, tissue
Text
see root: Tex
Indo-European 03 pok:1086
A
I IGC|U : to approach shyly
v*
^
Avestan 03 pok:1086
ithyajah, ithyejah : abandonment
w
Pahlavi ffl SNS:314
Sej : trouble, pain
Persian UJ SNS:314; BQT:1202
S I j : suffering, pain
Ardavfraf-Nameh
475
Tien | Togei
Chinese 03 etm:63
~X
Tien
store, shop
W
Sogdian
03 ETM:63; SOD:394
bazaar, inn
^
Persian 03 ETM:63; MON; BQT:547
tim : bazaar, caravansary ( 4puW ) ***>
Farhang Fors \ y, j | ' ^j, j{i J^o jU«i) J> - f X* jUSjS jU~0 «3 |t^J j <y>
Indo-European 03 pok:1086
I III, I Itll : imitation of a bird song
Sanskrit 03 pok:1086
tittibha : a water bird
Persian UJ bqt:1364
tTtU : a water bird ( o**Jp) o**3
Latin 03 pok:1086
titio : j
Titil
see root: Titi
Avestan 03 BQT:1755; HRN:196
A
Tkaesa :
agreement, commitment
W
Pahlavi ffl mon:3153
kes : religious
belief, religion
^
Persian 03 HRN:196; BQT:1755; MON:3153
k?S 3 : religion ' i^S
Arabic 03 KLN:122; SAP:964
"A
T.L.S
: to iv/pe out, clean
W
Arabic ffl sap:964
atlas : a wiped, clean silk cloth
I
h
Persian ffl mon
'
atlas : s/Wc or saiVn c/offt t ^Jl^ I
^
English 03 kln:122
atlas 2 : s//k, satin
To
Togei
see root: So
see root: Tokei
480
Tokei Trei
Tamil 03 KLN:1143; SKT:378
"~X
Tokei, Togei
peacock
Tanil is a Dravidian language spoken in south India
^►l Sanskrit ffl bqt:1
^
Arabic
03 BQT:1346
taWOOS : peacock
Persian UJ BQT:1346; mon:2203
taVUS : peacock ( l^55^ ) l^5^
taVOSI : a plant ( ^L^U» ) jrfjlk
Hafez civwibi! jwJU f I) _p <0 ^Jjlt >iw«^>
v*
^
Aramaic
03 MON:2203
taUSa : peacock
W
W
Latin 03 skt:378
paUO, paVO: peacock
paVOnTs : peacock
Old English
03AHD
pea : peacock
Greek 03 KLN:1143; SKT:378
taWS, taOS: peacock
English
03 SKT:378
peacock
peafowl
Tr
see root: Ter 1
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1090
Trei : three
^\
Avestan / Old Persian 03 POK:1090; SYN:941; KLN:1611; GPL:41
thri, thrayo : ftree
thrisat -.thirty
thri-dasa : thirteen^ Dskm
thri-thatra : a three-stringed musical instruments^ Ten 1
h
Persian ffl bqt: 1194
'
Seh : three ^
9w> \»miW i -nW
L
Persian ffl bqt:1096
Se-tar : a musical instrument,
originally with only three strings
W
Greek
03 KLN:687
kithara :
Sogdian 03 S0D:143
dry : three
Arabic
03 SAP:1381
qitar
qeetarah
I Hindustani
| Spanish
English 03ahd:1210
sitar
W
French
03 KLN:687
guitare
Persian UJ mon:3502
gitar j'vJ
English 03 kln:687
guitar
Germanic 03 ahd
thrijiz : three
English
three, thirty, thirteen
Latin
teri, trhftree
teS-tis : third person, witness
tribllS : third class citizens
in Roman empire, tribes
English 03 ahd
tertiary, tricycle
testimony, contest, protest
tribe, tribune, tribute
481
Trenk | Trep 2
Indo-European 03 pok:1093
Trenk: (o pus/?
I rOnKUS '.pressed, oppressed
Avestan 03 POK:1093; KLN:1612
traxtanam : pressed logelhe.
Germanic 03 kln:1612
dringan:to
press on, oppress
^
Latin ffl POK:1093; KLN:1660
tranCUS : tree stem
AHD:1546 derives this word from the
Indo-European root "Ter 1:to overcome".
~X
English
throng
English
trunk, truncate, trench
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1094
I TGp 1 : to tremble, be restless
May be related to the root "Tres:to tremble"
Old Iranian 03 bqt:1083
thrapu : restless, quick
W
Old Persian 03 bqt:1083
CapU-ka : restless, quick
<+
L
^
Pahlavi
03 BQT:607, 1083
capiik : swil
Sapiik : light, swift
Sanskrit 03 POK:1094; BQT:1083; KLN:1646
trprah : hasty
Latin 03 pok:1094
trepifJUS : agitated, alarmed
Persian 03 bqt:607, 1083
cabok : si* lX>U
Sabok : light, fast SL»
Ferdowst q\ j JJ^uS j£i>W 5'3 Owj
English
trepid
Trep 2
see root: Terp
482
Tres Tu
^
Indo-European 03 pok:1095
~X
TreS, Ter 2 : to tremble
May be related to the root "Trep:to tremble"
Avestan
03 KLN:1592; HRN:86; NYB:172
tras 1 : fear
tarsta, thrasa : frightened
Persian UJ BQT:484; FFD:81
tarsTdan : to be afraid ( .w y ) \X^» J
tarsa : one who is afraid (of God), Christian \^i J
harastdan : to be afraid ( (/*' y ) i^Xwol >&
w
w
Old Persian 03bqt:1197
thrah : fear
thrah-man, thras-man, cah-man, cath-man : afraid
Persian 03bqt:1197
sanm '. fear ( i_j ' ■ * f ■■' i '^j^^tAjij ) ^.ajju
Latin 03 ahd; kln
terer : to frightei
French
terreur: terror
^
Persian 03 amd:569
[—*■«/ ' c ^JSj> < J3j>
^
English
terrible, terror, tremble, terrific
Arabic 03 fva:247
~X
T.r.h:
W
Arabic ffl kln:949
tarh : a plan laid out for discussion
matrah : place where something is laid
Persian ffl MON; FVA:246
tarh : plan, idea, program
matrah : set forth for discussion
( f ft Jfafi ) f Jfafi
^
Italian
materaSSO : mattress
I French
English
mattress
Tronkus
Trp
see root: Trenk
see root: Terp
Indo-European 03 pok:1097
TU, TU : you
A
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1097; bqt:525
taiy, tu, turn, tuvam, tava, tvam -.you
Sogdian 03 S0D:383
ty, tW: you
Germanic 03 ahd
thCi: you
thCimaZ: yours
Persian 03 bqt:525
to : you ' ajf
English
thou, thee, thy, thine
483
Tu Turt
Tu
see root.
Tu
Indo-European 03 wld1:747; ieC:1472
TuardO: quartz
Turd, Tuft: hard, strong
Old Persian 03 I EC: 1472
sparda, sfard : stiff, hard
Latin 03 I EC: 1472
tardus : thick, sluggish
Greek 03 I EC: 1472
Sard : hard
Persian 03 IEC:1472; MON:1066
tord : brittle, stiff
>?
Chinese 03 PRT:743; SKT:578
Tu-kue
: strong people
V.
~x
h
Persian ffl bqt:487
'
tOfk : a Turk, a beautiful woman
*^.^.J
Sa-dt j.jLf ^L ^^Jj ji j*-^ j_it>)
- fjj 3 Oww>U 3 u J 3 ai_p yJj_P
PHN:363 derives these from Arabic "T.r.k: to leave",
as Turks were originally nomads
Wl
Greek
Latin
turcus
French
^
English 03 KLN:1665; AHD:1382
Turk, Turkey,
turkey, turquoise
Indo-European 03 IEC:1455
TulUpOS: lump,
ball, mass, crowd
W
^
Greek 03 I EC: 1455
tolupe:(ja//offtread
Persian 03 I EC: 1455
torob, torb : radish
w
w
Turkish 03 IEC:1455
turp : radish
Turd
Turt
see root: Tuardo
see root: Tuardo
484
Twerk Twrk
Indo-European 03pok:1102
Twerk, Twrk: to™*
Avestan 03pok:1102
thwares :
Sanskrit B3pok:1102
tvasta, tvastar:cu(
^
Greek 03 POK:1102; KLN:1383
Sarkh, SarX : a cut of meat, flesh
Sarca-Sein : to tearflesh like
dogs, to speak bitterly
SarcasmOS : bitter talk, mockery
~~\
Latin
03 KLN:1383
►
French
03 KLN:1383
►
English 03 kln:1383
sarco- -.fiesh
sarcology, sarcoma,
sarcasm, sarcastic
sarcasmos
sarcasme
Twrk
see root: Twerk
485
Ud 1 I Ud 2
u
^
Indo-European 03pok:1103
A
Ud 1
up, out, away
Avestan
03 POK:1103; HRN:154; BQT:1049; DZA:57
Ud, US, UZ: up, out
US-tavah : out of power, f/red^Tsu 1
ni-US-tavah:no( fired fof(ig/iffng; t **NB 1, Tsu 1
US-Spar l walk away, trust^Spher
UZ-ah, Za 2 : push out of opening, give birth^^ Ous 2
UZ-ah-ap : where water comes out, spring ^^Ab 1
Persian
03 BQT:1049,1086,1102; IRN:108; MON:1763
SOtiih : (/red
nastljh : energetic in fighting
Separdan : to entrust T ^}J^ ( T ^3jt»»
Zeh 2 : to g/Ve 6/rt/j (^AJt j< ^AJM j) ' j
zehdan:wom(j c *"Dh8 2 o' Jl *J
Zahab : spring, river'^' Ab 1 ( j_j| j ) ^^j
Ow>
> J-MW 09*£
jjjLo
*JXX> O^wW ^O y t } y l)1&^"
Avestan 03pok:1104
US-tema : outmost, extreme
USCa : above, overhead, on top
Old Persian 03 knt:176
ud:up
Ud-Zma, UZma: grown up from ground^Ghdhsrr
Sanskrit
03 POK:1104
ucca, ucca:
high, top
Arabic 03 mon:399
awja : tip, high top
I
h
Persian 03 mon:399
OWJ:top 7., |
Spanish
03 SKT:357
auge : top
French
03 SKT:357
ogive, ogee
English 03 SKT:357; TYL:568
Ogee, Ogive : a pointed
double-curved arch
Germanic 03 ahd
Lit : out
English
out, but, about
^
Greek 03 ahd
huS-terOS : later
English
hysteresis
Ud2
see root.
Wed
Indo-European 03pok:1104
Udero, Uedero
abdomen, stomach, womb
Avestan 03pok:1104
Udara : abdomen
Latin B3pok:1104
UterUS : womb
Udero | Ulp
~X
English
uterus
Ue
Uedero
Ues
ug
Ugw
Uks
Uksen
see root: 1 2
see root: Udero
see root: Yu
see root: Aueg
see root: Wegw
see root: Wegw
see root: Wegw
Turkish 03 KLN:857; TTS:134
Ul, Ol 2, Jol, Jor, Jur :
to go, to step
^ I Turkish ffl KLN:857; TTS:134
ulak : runner, courier, messenger, donkey
Persian LLI MON:3334; BQT:157
olag : courier, load carrier, donkey
&
^
Greek
03 KLN:857
oulakis:c
I Italian
Spanish
French 03 kln:857
laquis : courier,
footman
English
lackey : servant
Ulp
see root: Wei 2
487
Umm | Uper
Semitic 03 kln:160
Umm:
W
Arabic ffl kln:160
Umm : mother
umme-gilan : -mother of
demons", referring to
desert bushes believed
to nourish demons ^G.v. I
W
Turkish 03 kln:160
beg-Umm : mother of ruler,
a female title of respect^^ Bhag
Xan-Umm : mother of Khan ?,
a female title of respect
x^
^\
h
Persian 03 fva:34
'
Omm : mother
< O^l ) f I
Ommi : as If just born from the mother, illiterate
<£\) y\
mogTIan : desert bushes
O^s*"
PJ3 ij J"^ 4 -»" (3y*i y iAw,P
Hafez JS-^ p* D-*^* J^* ^
jS l^-iJjj-'
Persian 03 bqt:339
baygom : a female title of respect
Xanom : a female title of respect
l«5l>
^
English ffl KLN:160
begum : a female title of respect
Uo
Uog
Uper
see root: 1 2
see root: Aueg
see root: Upo
Upo | Upo
W
Indo-European ffl pok:1106; kln:1105
U pO : to, from below
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1106; kln:1105
Upa, Upa : to, toward
WlPahlavi 03
^
HRN:33; AEF:190,191
pat, pa, pad : to, toward
HRN:33 claims these prefixes are a combination of Avestan
"upa" and "paiti". See AEF:190,191 for further discussion.
Persian 03 MON:605; AEF:190,191
beh : to, toward ( ' <U ) <U
See "Per 3" for a different derivation
Avestan 03 HRN:41, 65,71 ,72,73
Upa-diti : to (in) sight, apparent^ Dheye
Upa-Sad: to agreement sefecfron^Sed
Upa-Var : in belief 1 * Wer 1
Upa-d ray a: to good heaffh 1 *" Deru 1
lipa-gah : to time, morning
Upa-ni-da : hidden ®"Dhe 2
Persian UJ BQT:2230,373,406
padTd : apparent (
pasand : selection
iIJjJj i oJjJj ) JjJj
bavar : belief
bedriid : farewell
pegah : early morning
penhan : hidden
Ferdowsf oww
w
Avestan 03 pok:916
upa-skambem : for
support, a column
or pillar^" Skabh
Persian 03 POK:916; BQT:410; MON:798; FRS:183
peckam : roof on columns,
a room open all around, porch
w
W
Germanic 03 ahd
upp : up
UpanaZ : open up
LlbilaZ: over limit, evil
English
up
open
evil
Latin 03 ahd
S-Up : to below, under
I
French
sujet, sublime'
Persian 03 mon:1944,1952
Ui'
%y> i OJy 1
^
English 03 ahd
SUb- : under
subject, sublime, submarine
Upo | Urigh
Indo-European 03 pok:1106; kln:1105
U pO : to, from below
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
Indo-European ffl pok:1105; kln:1105
U P©T : over, above, beyond
W
W
Avestan
03 POK:1105; KLN:1105
Upairi : above,
over, beyond
Pahlavi
03HRN
apar: on,
over, more
than
Persian 03 bqt:79
abar : super ( o jJSji) , >jfij>) ) J>)
bar 2 : ow^Bhergh ( ^ , pjj , fj ) ^
See root "Bhergh" for another possible derivation.
Latin 03ahd
Super: over
I
French
h
Persian ffl AMD:1242; VOP:220
'
Super: super ( C^jUrf^ ) jfy*
English 03 ahd
super, supreme, superior, sirloin
Latin 03 kln
s-upper-mo, summus:pea*
English
sum, summit
Greek 03 ahd
huper:
English
hyper
^
Germanic 03 ahd
uberhc
English 03 ahd
Urdu
see root: Urmak
Indo-European 03 IEC:1681
~X
Urigh:
W
Sanskrit
03 AHD:1116
Vrihi:.
Avestan / Old Persian
03 KLN:1346
brtzi, vriz, urvinj:r
W
Greek
03SYN:519; AHD:1116
Persian 03 BQT:265; MON:198,5014; IEC:1681
OrOZ : rice
VarTzeh : rice
berenj 2 : rice
JJ'
w
Latin
oryza
Italian
French
ns, nz
^
English
03 AHD:1116
490
Urmak Urvan
Mongolian 03 kln:742
~X
Urmak: to strike
U TCl U : camp of strikers, army camp
v*
Turkish
03 KLN:742,1861
ordu : c
Persian UJ KLN:1861; MON:197; NAT:14
OruU : camp, army , also a "camp language" that was originally
spoken by an Indian army of Hindi, Persian, Turkish and Arab soldiers.
^j>
^irf^j' • uT^j' ' 8 «3->j'
W
Hindustani 03 kln:1681
Urdu : Hindustani language
English 03 kln:1681
Urdu : an Indian language
^►l French 03
KLN:742; AHD
^
English ffl AHD:634; KLN
hoard : a wandering tribe,
group, camp
W
Indo-European 03 IEC:704,1593
~X
U TOI KS, LOI K : twist, twine, wicker, beard
Avestan
03 HRN:142; IEC:104,1593
raesa : hair, beard
[
V
Sogdian 03 S0D:348
rys'kk:deard
Latin 03 IEC:704
ITcium : woof, yarn
Pahlavi
03 BQT:988; SOD:348
res : beard
resak : (hairy) root
Persian
03 BQT:988,989; HRN:142; IEC:704,1593
ris 2 : beard
riseh : root
i/<;
<*•&*!
Avestan 03 SYN:1088; BQT:967
~x
Urvan :sp/rit soui
w
Pahlavi 03 bqt:967
ruvan : spirit
Persian 03 bqt:967
ravan : spin ( S£tf\ 3J , 3 \$i\ 3J ) r (>\ 3 j
^-» | Sogdian 03 SQP:59
^
rw n : spirit
This may be a cognate rather than a derivative of Avestan "urvan".
491
Vaena 1 Varekahe
V
Avestan 03 aef:323
A
Vaena 1 , Vaena 1 :
W
^
Pahlavi 03aef:323
h h
Persian UJ bqt:341
Din I : nose J^o
venik, benik: nose
Vaena 1
Vaidurya
see root: Vaena 1
see root: Velur
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:234
V ar : to cover, enclose
W
^
Pahlavi ffl ISS:234
.
.
Persian UJ ISS:234; MON:511
barm : reservoir, pool fl J
Varm 1 : container, reservoir
Varaka
see root: Varekahe
Avestan 03 BQT:1779
V araZa : boar (animal)
Cognate with Sanskrit "varaha"
W
Pahlavi
03 MON:3212
VaraZ : boar
^
Persian 03 MON; HRN:200; BQT:1780,2263
VOraZ : boar )\jl
gOfaZ : boar, also a bold and strong person \\ J
Amfd Lobakr y 5 y -A^l ^ y\^ £**&> £*JSjb y _ J> j^U-J y J> y J£a ,_$_*_*> j^
Avestan 03 SNS:281; SYN:525; EAV:86
A
Varekahe, Varaka:
W
^
Pahlavi
03 BQT:260; AEF:259
► —
Persian 03 MON:571; AEF:259
barg : leaf, page, sustenance (<0 J < &Xi < lXu) lS *>
Molavt 3jJ 0" f y o^-f J*Y >y£> - & j-f LSv_Aji ^l ?U3 i_Jj i_Jj
varg, valg
492
Vareta | Vatin-ganah
Avestan 03 bqt:253
~X
Vareta :
W
Pahlavi
03 BQT:253; HUB:26
Vartak 1 : slave
Persian 03 HUB:26; BQT:253
bardeh : slave
^A
w
Arabic
03 KLN:148
bardaj
^
| Italian 03 kln |
W
French
03 KLN:148
bardache
English 03 kln:148
bardash : slave
Vata
see root.
Bata
Sanskrit 03 KLN:125; AHD:86
A
Vatin-ganah : eggplant
POK:383 shows "ganah: bundle, group" from the
Indo-European root "Ger: to tie together".
W
Persian 03 KLN:125; BQT:213; MON:444
badengan : eggplant
( ^\Sjol> ) ^ISiil)
w
Arabic 03 kln:125,165
badenjan, al-badenjan : eggplant
Persian 03 BQT:213; MON:444
badenjan : eggplant ( ^lyol) ) O^^i
Spanish 03 kln:125
berengina, au-berengina : eggplant
French 03 ahd:86
aubergine
English Q3ahd:86
aubergine : eggplant
^
^
English 03 kln:165
berengina : eggplant
493
Velur Vrsna
Sanskrit 03 KLN:166; AHD:126
~x
VGlUr, DGlUT: a city in southern India (from a Dravidian root)
Vaidurya, Veluryia : a crystal -from year.
V*
Greek
03 AHD:126; KLN:166
beryllos, berullos:
the beryl crystal
Arabic 03 mon:575
bolur : crystal
tabalvor
motebalver
Persian UJ mon:575
bolur : crystal, clear ( jyLlfl < j^Lii ) j^!>
Mas'ud Sa'd Salman
V*
Latin 03ahd:126
beryllus : beryl
French 03 ahd:126,166
beryl, brillat
Persian UJmon:511
berelyan : cut diamond aU
OVji
^
English 03 AHD:126,166; KLN:200
beryl, beryllium, brilliant
Veluryia
Veno
Vesno
Veso
see root: Veliir
see root: Wes 5
see root: Wes 5
see root: Wes 5
Old Persian 03 bqt:1794
A
VrSa, VrSna: hunger
Pahlavi 03 bqt:1794
gursak : hungry
gursaklh : hunger
gursTtan : to be hungry
Sogdian 03 S0D:79,414
WS y : to be hungry
WSn, 'wsnty : hungry
Persian 03 BQT:1794; HUB:92
gors 1 : hunger (S^jS , l S^»>j> i t?"JX ■* 'ff
goresneh : hungry ( ci£ ) i^»J
Bes-haq eivwji JU>- jl iU9 Cjij JU>- l) ^U>
Vrsna
see root: Vrsa
494
Wa W.a\m
w
Wa
Wag
see root : Eu 1
see root: Wegh
Indo-European 03 pok:1110; ieC:351,354
WaCJ 2, oWaC|, G\N3K: cry, quack, squeak, squeal
GwegUOS : a cracking bird
Sanskrit 03pok:1110
VagnU : tone, call, cry
Greek 03 IEC:351
bazo : talk
bagma : talking
Latin 03 IEC:351
Vagi re: scream
Vagio : scream
Persian 03 IEC:351 ,352,354; BQT:1057; MON:1742
ZaZ : worthless speech
Zag : crow
ZaKldan : bluster, rage, talk to oneself in rage
A
Farrokhf
Indo-European 03pok:1110
Wai:
~x
Avestan fflpOK:mo
h
^
Vay : alas, woe (Jj|g
vayoi, avoya: aias
Germanic ffl kln:1749
fc fc
English
woe
wai
Semitic 03 kln:1609
W.a\m
: to match, agree, pair up
W
W
^
Arabic 03 kln:1609
h
Persian 03mon:1159
tOVl' am -.together with, twin »|y
tow'aman: twins 0^'y
taw am : twin child, accompanying
Syriac 03 kln:1609
* —
Greek 03 kln:1609
►
English 03 kln:1609
Thomas, Tom
t6ma : twin
tomas
495
Wag | We 2
Wag
Was
see root: Wegh
see root : Wes 1
^
^
Indo-European 03 pok:81
A
We1, Aue1:
Avestan 03 POK:81; KLN:1745; BQT:170
Vata : wind
Vaiti : blows
Vat-aS : wind mill^' Ak
antara-vayu : in the wind,
wandering, poor En
Persian UJ bqt:170,205
bad : wind ( ^il) ( L&lplj , ,)lpl> ) ^ il>
badas : wind mill j" I il>
andarva : wandering, poor (jl^jjjl , jljj-tfl < IjjJjl
Sanskrit 03 kln:1049
nir-Vanah : blowing out, extinction^" N\s
Persian 03 mon:4882
nirvana : extinction of soul by
absorption into the Supreme Being
*ij#
\*
English 03ahd:889
Nirvana : extinction of soul by
absorption into the Supreme Being
Germanic 03 ahd
windaz, wedram : wind
Vind-auga : wind eye (window) c *
we-ingia : wing
English
wind, weather
window
wing
Latin 03 ahd
l
'
VentUS : wind
Greek 03 ahd
atmo : air
English 03 ahd
vent, fan
I Latin
I French
Persian 03 MON:32
atmOSfer : atmosphe,
1$iMitJfin} 1
English
atmosphere
W
Greek 03 ahd
English
W
Latin
mal-aria : bad
(sick) air
®"M8l2
► Italian
French 03 mon:3709
Persian 03 mon:3709
malariya : malaria [i ,^U
^
English 03 ahd
malaria
We 2
see root: Au 2
Webh Wed
Indo-European 03pok:1114
Webh : to weave
~~\
Avestan 03pok:1114
Ubdaena : woven fabric
Persian 03 HRN:38; BQT:2461; MON:1462; POK:1114; OEW:424
baftan
Raf at Semnanf
Germanic 03 ahd
weban, wefta, wabila
English 03 KLN; OEW:425
weave, web, wave 1 , Webster, wafer, woof, wobble
Indo-European 03 AHD:1550; POK:1179; KLN:1731; OEW:425
WOpScI : insects with web-shaped nests, wasps
Iranian 03pok:1179
VaWZa : wasp
Avestan 03pok:1179
vawzaka :
Pahlavi 03pok:1179
VaSSZ : wasp
Germanic 03 kln:1731; oew:425
Wafsa, WOSp : wasp
English 03 kln:1731
wasp
^
Latin 03 KLN:1731; OEW:425
Vepsa, Vespa: "weaver" insect, wasp
English 03 kln:1731
vespiary
W
Indo-European 03 POK:78; AHD:1547,1549; KLN:1732
Wed, Wer 4, Aue 2, Ud 2. water, wet
1
PART 1
~X
^^)THER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan
03 POK:78; KLN:1682
var 1 , war, vara 1 : r
^
4-Pahlavi
03 BQT:218; AEF:209
varan, varitan
Persian 03 BQT:218; AEF:209
baran : mm ( Jii^ , ,>U)l> . J>& ) o'j^i
bargin : pond, storage of rain water ( >yj Xj ) >yj Xj
Avestan 03 pok:78
Udra : otter, water bird
Pahlavi 03 hrn:242
Vartak 2 : a water bird
Persian 03 MON:5001; BQT:2262
Vardlj : a water bird ( ,yj>-i^ ) «> jy
Avestan 03 pok:78
aoda : fountain
Vaidi : waterway
Vairi : sea
varasnT: fesfcfes
Old High German 03 ahd
WaZZar : water
French
Vaseline : moisturizing oil
^
Persian UJ mon:4944
VazelTn : Vaseline
*J.
j'i
English
Vaseline
497
Wed Wedh 1
W
Indo-European 03 POK:78; AHD:1547,1549; KLN:1732
Wed, Wer 4, Aue 2, Ud 2. water, wet
I
PART 2
~X
^^)THER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Greek 03 ahd
hudor: water
I
French
hydrogene : water maker'^' Gene 1
h
Persian ffl mon:5230
'
hidrogen ^jXJfc
English
hydrogen, hydrant, hydro
,^
^
Old Irish 03ahd:1410
UlSCe : water
uisce beathadh : water
of life
English B3ahd:1460
usquebaugh, usquabae,
whiskey, whisky
Persian 03 mon:5072
Viskl: "water of life"
J^iS
Russian 03 ahd
VOda : water
VOdka : a drink
t. —
Persian UJ mon:4994
VOdka : "water, drink"
>>3
English 03 ahd
vodka
Germanic 03 ahd
Water : water
Wed : wet
Wat-Skan : wash
wintrUZ : wet season, winter
English
water, wet, wash
winter, otter
Latin 03 ahd
unda:*
Latin 03 ahd
SUper-Undere : wave around
red-undare : overflow
English 03 ahd
surround
redundant
Latin 03 ahd
Unna: urine
English
Wedh
see root: Wen
Indo-European 03pok:1115
A
Wedh 1
to marry
<+
W
^
Avestan 03pok:1115
Vadhu, VadlJ 1 : marry
Vadhu-Upa : to marry
^Upo
Sogdian 03 SOD:403
Wd : wife
Persian UJ BQT:342; FRS:160; AEF:264
bayiig : bride
bayugam : marriage
( &*} i O &*} ) Jam)
Wedh 2 | Weg 1
Indo-European 03pok:1115
Wedh 2 : to push, strike, hit
~~\
W
W
Avestan 03pok:1115
Vadaya : push, push back
Vada : wedge
Vadar : weapon for striking
vadhgan : ax
Greek
03 POK:1115; AHD
Othein : to push
6smOS:ac(of
pushing (liquids)
Latin
French
03 KLN:1100
Persian 03 V0P:52
OSmOZ : osmosis ( (J yj ) jj^ul
V*
^
English 03 ahd
Indo-European 03 pok:1117, 1180
Weg 1 : to weave
WOKSO : woven (by the bees), wax
)-->■ | Russian ta?| »-
Germanic 03 ah d : 1 550
wahsam, weke
W
^
Latin 03 kln:1695
Velum : woven fabric
~~\
Persian UJ mon:4958
vaks:
^3
English
wax, wick
English
veil, reveal
Weg 2 | Weg 2
W
Indo-European 03pok:1117
Weg 2 : to be lively, strong
~~\
Iranian
ffl AEF:201; IEC:1499
VaZ, WaZ: a root
indicating power,
largeness, being
active or rising.
W
Old Persian
03 POK:1117
vazraka :
Pahlavi 03 hrn
vajarg, bazurk:
W
Persian
03 BQT:272; POK:1117
bozorg :
s
JJ>.
Sogdian 03 S0D:429
wz'rk:t
Avestan 03pok:1117
Vazra : a club
Pahlavi 03 hrn:202
Vazr : a club
h
Persian 03 bqt:1793
gorz : a club j S
^ I Pahlavi 03 HUB:22; AEF:
201
VaZltan : to rise up, be active, play
baxtan : to rise up, play
HUB:22 doss not accept
the "baxtan" form
Sanskrit 03pok:1117
Vaja : power, to rise up
Persian 03 AEF:201; HUB:22; IEC:1499
bazidan : to play ( ,jfe , 8 jjjl, ) ^jjjl,
baxtan : to play, also to lose in a game ' J»>U
Manuchehi-r jU x3jja_i , I j x3jja_i ,y-?-l) Jjly S
Germanic 03 ahd
Waken : wake
Wakjan : watch
Waht : wait
English
wake, awake
watch
wait
Latin 03 ahd
vegere, vigere : to be lively
Vel0X : lively
English
vegetable, vigor, vigilant
velocity
500
Wegh | Wegw
W
Indo-European 03pok:1119
~X
Wegh, Wag, Wag:
to go, carry
Avestan 03pok:1119
VaZ : fly
Vaza 1 : a bird, hawk
pairi-Vaza:f/y around
®"psr1
Vaza 2, Vazista : travel
Vazya : load
Persian 03 BQT:21 7,391 ,2279; MON:4949
DaZ : hawk, falcon
( ijils , iji[> ) ^ jl>
parvaz : flight
foj\
VazTdan : to blow (wind)
0-4J5
Ferdowsf jt$ -j^&LJj j r j> j 4_3l^ Ul .
jO ' jU Jwa*&& ^'^ )•&< j^
Wl Avestan 03pok:1119
Vasta 2 : curved
Vastar : load carrying animal
UZdar, UZdri : carrier
W I Latin 03 ahd
Vehere : to carry
VectUS : carried
COn-VeXUS : carried to a point, curved
English
vehicle, vector, convection, convex
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
WegaZ : course of travel
Wigan : to carry a load
English
way, away, always, wagon, wave 2, Norway
weigh, weight
Indo-European 03 IEC:1499
W6gO : lizard?
"~X
W
Avestan 03 IEC:1499
Vazagha : lizard, i
^
h
Persian ffl IEC:1499; BQT:2278; HRN:242; MON:5018
'
vazag: frog < J^ t ^ > ^33
Vazageh : a small lizard iijj
Indo-European 03pok:1118
A
Wegw, Ugw, Uks: wet
UKSGn : to make wet, inseminate
Avestan 03 POK:1118; KLN:1106; SYN:153
UXSan : ox, bull,
inseminating animal
Germanic 03 ahd
uhson:
English
Latin 03 ahd
humere : to be wet
English
humid, humor
501
Wegwh | Wei 1
Indo-European 03 pok:348
~X
Wegwh, Ewegwh, Eueguh
to speak solemnly
Old Persian 03 tzf:29
aok : to speak
paiti-aOK : counter speech, response ^^ Per 3
Connection to this root is doubtful
Persian 03 tzf:29
paSOX : response *"UuU
See Root "Kas 2" for another possible derivation
Avestan 03 POK:348; KLN:1722; SYN:1256; AVG:237
aog, aoj, aOX : to speak
aojaiti, aoxia, aogeda
fJUS-UXta : ill-spoken ®"dus
Latin 03ahd
English
vote, devote, vow
W
Indo-European 03pok:1120
Wei 1
~X
to bend, turn, twist
Avestan 03 KLN:1749; ISS:42
vay 3 : twist
Vaeiti : willow tree
Varasa : tree
w
Pahlavi 03 MON:58; SNS:287; BQT:338; ISS:42
Vet : willow
VlSag, VlSak : wooded a
Persian 03 BQT:332,338; SNS:287; ISS:42
bed : willow tree
blSeh : grove, woods
w
L
^
Germanic 03 ahd
Greek 03 ahd
English
wire
English
iris
502
Wei 2 I Wei b
^
Indo-European 03 P0K:1123,1177; kln:1714
Wei 2 : vital force
W\rOS:man
Avestan
03 POK:1177; KLN:1714
Vlfa : man, (his mind)
Pahlavi
03 BQT:334;ZAP:159
VII": awareness
Varm 2 : memory
varm kartan : to
memorize
W
Avestan 03pok:1123
voi, vay 2, vivaiti, vayeiti 2-.to chase
vyana 1 : followed
Vatay : persecution
Vltar 1 : persecutor
VOi-thwa : chased
W
L
Germanic 03 ahd
Weraldh : man's world
~~\
^
Latin 03 AHD; POK:1123,1177
VIT : man
Violere : treat with force
Persian
ffl MON:489
BQT:2298; ZAP:159; BQT:262
VI f : memory,
intelligence ( ^ ) ^ a
bar 1 : memory ( A J ) ' J
wwXib r "]B 'j J^fib Xyw wO
Ferdowsf
jhj <0 ^IJj i^U ci-^S 3X3
English
world
English
virtue
violent
Weib
see root: Weip
503
Weid Weid
W
W
Indo-European 03pok:1125
~X
Weid, Woid, Wid: to see, to know
Avestan 03 pok:1125, 1126
vaeda, vidada :; know
Vld- : knowing
Vidya : knowledge
Vista- : well known
hu-Vaeda : well known, apparent^ Su 1
I
Persian ffl MON:5069,5669; BQT:2297,2401
Vlda : apparent
1^45
Avesta : well known, knowledge,
WW*jl
Holy Book of Zoroastrians
hovayda : apparent
l»by&
Avestan 03 POK:1121; AEF:379; HRN:70
vidaiti, vinosti, vivaeda : find, finds
paitis-Vaed : to search for
HUB:41 does not agree with this etymology.
Persian 03 aef:379
paZUhldan : search ( y^ ( jAjfy ) OV^Ti
Latin 03ahd
Videre, visUS : to see, look
French
television
visite
t
Persian 03 mon:1136,5071
televizion : television
VlZlt: visit ( |^,j ) CjjJi^
English
view, review, interview, advice, envy, evident,
vision, television, visa, visit, provide, survey, video
Persian
vTdTyO : video j»Jt> •
W
W
Welsh 03ahd
pen-gwyn : white-headed (bird), penguin
French
Greek
03 POK:1127; AHD
hist6r:w/se
istoria : history,
historical tales
idea : form
Arabic 03 TAD:3; FVQ:56
OStlireh : historical tale
asatTr : fables, myths
FVQ:56 & VDQ:113,257 derive these
from Arabic "s.t.r: write"; from
Akkadian "sataru:to write".
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
Wttan : to look after, guide
Wtssaz : wisdom
Wit : wit
Persian 03 amd:487
pangUWan : penguin
(frH
Persian 03 mon:225
OStlireh : myfh «..U.„I
asatTr : myfhs, fahfes J»L»I
Jjj3 <Gu*9l 3 <l~A j^wl <0
JjJj
* ,jh? M 3 <j^
English
story, history, idea
English
wit, wise, wisdom
guide
504
Weidh Weik 1
Indo-European 03pok:1127
Weidh : to separate, divide
~~\
Avestan 03pok:1127
Vidhava : separated, widow
Persian 03 brt:1443
biveh :
8 *rf
Germanic 03 ahd
widewaz :
English
widow
Latin 03 ahd
dTvidere : to separate
English
divide
W
Indo-European 03pok:1130
Weik 1 : to bend, swing
Avestan / Old Persian 03pok:1130
waix, waik, waig.vaeg, vaeca : to swing
Vyaxa, Vyaxman : assembly, collection
w
Pahlavi 03 AEF:169; HRN:30
han-VeXt-an : to motivate, exc/te^Ssm 1
Sogdian 03 S0D:417
Wye : to stir, shake
Germanic 03 ahd
wik : willow twig (soft and bending), wicker
WaikwaZ : bent, soft, weak
wikon : a turning (of time), week
Latin 03 ahd
VICIS : turn, change, substitute
Persian 03 BQT:67,333; HRN:14; MON:620
VlXtan : to sling
aVIXtan : to hang
avang : pendulum
bTxtan : to sieve
parvizan : sieve
Persian 03 BQT:178; AEF:169
angiXtan : to excite, motivate
English
wicker
weak
week
English 03 ahd
vice-versa
vice president, viceroy
505
Weik2 | Weip
Indo-European 03pok:1131
Weik2
clan, a social club above the household
Avestan 03 POK:1131; KLN:1708
VIS : family
VlS-paiti, VlS-pati : clan protector, chief
Old Persian 03 knt:208
Vlth : house, royal house
Vitha : royal
Latin 03ahd
villa : country house
vicUS : neighborhood
French
villa
^
W
^
Greek 03ahd
Oikos : house
~~\
h
Persian UJ mon:5073
Vila : villa % 5
English 03 kln:1710
villa, village
vicinity
English
eco-,
ecology, economy
Indo-European 03pok:1131
Weip, Weib:
to go back and forth
Avestan 03pok:1131
Vip : to send, dispatch
Germanic 03 ahd
wipjan
Latin 03 ahd
Vibrare : to vibrate
^\
English
wipe, whip
English
vibrate
506
Weis Wek
Indo-European ffl pok:1134
WGIS : to rot, melt away, flow
^\
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:1134; KLN:1714
Vaesa : mold
Vis 1 , Visa : rotten food, poison
Pahlavi 03 bqt:338
beS 2 : a poisonous plant
See "Dwei" for an alternative root.
Persian 03 bqt:338
bis 2
a poisonous plant
Latin 03ahd
VITUS : slime, poison
Viscum : slime
French
Persian UJ mon:5070
VITUS: virus
0*3 j>. 3
^
English
virus
viscous
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
WISOn : slime
wisolon : stinking animal, weasel
wisand : a bison with musky smell
English
OOZe 2 : mud, sediment
weasel
bison
^►fOld
Indo-European 03 pok:1135; knt:207
A
Wek
to wish, desire
Persian 03 KNT:207; BST:234
VaS : to wish, desire
Vasna : will, desire
Vasiy: at will
^
Pahlavi 03 MON:537; KNT:207; BQT:276
VaS : enough
VaS-yar : plenty
Persian UJ KNT:207; BQT:276; MON:537
baS : enough, sufficient ( -*j) y*5
basand : sufficient («JJ»»>) JJ»»>
besyar : plenty, many <L5jL»>) jL»>
Ferdowst ijj C~$X> jj J (Jjj jljl J-CW)
Avestan 03pok:1135
vasami, usamahi : ; wish
an-USant : not willing, reluctant^ Ne 1
Vasah : desired
vasnah : wish
Greek 03pok:1135
eXOn : willing
a-ex6n : not willing, reluctant
507
Wekw Wekw
W
Indo-European 03pok:1135
~X
Wekw, Weqw:
voice, to speak
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:1135
vak, vacah, vaxs 1 :
word, voice, sound
W
Persian 03 BQT:204,21 8,2260; FSF:64; ZMA:28
Vak : sound
A S
Vazeh : word
"%
Vazgan : any word (original or borrowed) used in a language
Mi
VaZ : quietly said prayers T w *
f ft.fo
Ferdowst cJUi f*> £ J JU U *S«S j -eA - C~£&i jj _p
oJJw»—wy
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:1135; KLN:1719; SYN:26
a-VaC : voice, song
f ra-VaXS : call out, se//®" Par 1
paurvata-VaC : mountain voice,
echo Parvan
Vi-Vacah : to speak out ironically^ Wi
Persian 03 BQT:401, 1473,2260; HRN:263
ava : voice, song
<;b~> IjT
foruxtan : to sen
Cr^>
pazvak : echo
^jfc
govazeh : blame
sarcasm
< 0-4j'/ ) °j'/
•>3j-* 3 1 tri •>) ^ °j'/
Ferdowsf
i«j«i>
j o'jV, jy^ &) <$
w
Avestan 03 hrn:241
VaXS-6-bara : voice carrier'^' Brier 1
W
Pahlavi 03 mon:4992
VaXS-War : messenger
Persian
03 MON:4992
BQT:2260
HRN:241; VSF:17
vaxsur
prophet,
Zoroaster
jy^3
(JjP- «lj
J>oj» j3^3 J*"^ ^
Ferdowsf
(^yS <^_J
^jj l$*$ >J jl Jj>
w
Avestan 03 bqt:2174
ni-Vak : sound, music
hU-ni-Vak:goodsound cS "Su 1
Persian 03 BQT:21 74,21 78
nava : sound, melody \ o3
XOnya : melody, music ( J) UJc* ) UJc*
V
Old Persian
03 ETM:61
Wak : to speak
Wank : call, called
Pahlavi 03 bqt:229
Vang : call, loud sound, crying
Persian 03 ETM:61; BQT:229
Vang 2 : call, crying T Jtf.
bang : call, loud sound lSJw
Avestan / Old Persian 03 etm:72
UX : word
hu-UX-tay : good words ®"Su 1
Persian UJ ETM:72; BQT:2388
rlUXt : good words,
prayer, prayer house
( c™J>yt < fyt ) cJ>yfc
Latin 03ahd
VOX, VOC : voice
vocare : to can
English
voice, vocabulary
508
w
Indo-European 03pok:1137
Wei 1 : to wish, desire
Avestan 03 POK:1137; DVS:198
var 2, ver 1 , varena : to wish
Upa-Var: to believe^ Upo
ad\-Var : in truth cr En
XSatra-Vairya : desired city,
heavenly country Ksei 1
I,
(-Pahlavi 03 bqt:1316,1303
Varavistan : to believe
paver : belief
evar : indeed
Satri-Var : name of a month
Sogdian 03 S0D:412
Germanic 03 ahd ►-
Latin 03 ahd
Velle, VOl : desire
Wei 1 I Wei 1
~X
Persian 03 BQT:1316,1803; HRN:203; MON:2098
geravidan : to believe
0-4 xP
bavar : belief
j&
an : yes, indeed
lSjT
SahriVar : name of a Persian month,
jfy*^
also the forth day of each month
Ferdowsf ^O j[i \j Ol jO jljil^> _ $\xAi
)' 0**! jyi..j*^ M
See "Wer 1" for another possible root of "bavar"
English 03 ahd
Well 1 : good
wealth, will, William
English
volunteer
509
Wei 2 I Wei 2
Indo-European 03pok:1144
Wei 2 : to tear, pull, wound
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Sanskrit 03 bqt:2253
vrana : wound
Persian 03 MON:4966; POK:1145
valaneh, valaneh:
<G^ , toils
Latin 03ahd
VUlmUS : wound
Vellere : to tear
English
vulnerable
vulture
Indo-European 03pok:1139
Wela, Wlna, Wolko: plucked on (wool)
Avestan
03 POK:1139
varesa : hair
Pahlavi
03 HRN:202
VarS : curly hair
Sogdian 03 SQP:412
Persian 03 MON:5004; SNS:285; BQT:1794; KLN:856
VareS : a string used In
Zoroastrian ceremonies
gors 2 : curly hair
p
Germanic 03 ahd
WUlla : wool
English
wool
Latin 03 ahd
Villus: shaggy hair
English
velvet
V*
Indo-European ffl kln:1750
W I KWO : tearing animals, wolf
Avestan 03 KLN:1750; SOD:423
vherka, vehrka : wolf
Pahlavi 03 hrn:202
gurg
Persian 03 bqt:1797
gorg : wolf
s;
Old Persian
03 KNT:206
varkana:wo/f/and
Pahlavi
03 KNT:206
gorgan
Persian 03 knt:206
Gorgan : a district S.E. of the Caspian i
$f
Sogdian 03 S0D:423
wyrk : wolf
^
Germanic 03 ahd
WUlfaz : wolf
English
wolf
510
Wei 2 I Wei 3
Indo-European 03pok:1144
Wei 2 : to tear, pull, wound
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
W
Indo-European 03pok:1179
Wlp, Ulp, LUp-. wolf, dog
W
Avestan ffl pok:1179
urpa, urupis,
lupis, raopias: c/og
taxma-urupa:(Wffi7j
strong dogs ^ Tenk
Persian ffl BQT:968; MON5:405
gorbeh : "an animal that tears up" ( ^\ja ) ) <U 5
TahmureS : "(with) strong dogs" ( & )<wrf«L> ) ^ )<ws&3
Ferdowsf JJwjJSyb ^Jjya^jff 4j.WSl 5> _ JJ^yb Jo I j jl jj Jj >**J
W
^
Old High German C3 kln:27
athal-WOlf : noble wolf (Adolph)^ Atos
English 03 kln; ahd
Adolph
W
W
Indo-European 03pok:1140
Wei 3:*
Avestan 03pok:1140
Var 3 : turn, time (as in one tine)
varemi, varamis : wave
varanavaity : covered
Avestan 03pok:1140
-Var 4 : similar to, like
Var 5 : ceremony
W
Pahlavi
03 HRN:241; BQT:2373
Varisn : conduct,
way of living
W
W
v*
^
Germanic 03 ahd
Wel : willow tree (bending branches)
welk : walk
Wall : rolling water, a cavity, wallet
Latin 03 ahd
VOlvere : to roll, make cavity
ValleS : valley
Greek 03 ahd
hel-ix
~X
Persian ffl POK:1140; SNS:98; MON:51 1 ; SOD:41 1
bar 2 : time (as in two times), it also refers
to time of admission as in the following words.
darbar : court
barm : pool, pond, wave
( jl) JJc») ' jl)
^j|a3"V y*s ^| ji yOO)U $ Vj -
"J 1
/. ^-^. >; D 1
,ut
Persian 03bqt:1137
Var 2 : like
J'J-
ham-VW : like each other, even^" Sam 1 )'?«*
r
Var 3 : a custom or ceremony
Rudakt Xal /tLo') I) <u")f <lU^
■J
4Jauj -
English
revolve, involve, evolution,
valve, vault, volume, valley
English
helix
511
Wela Wen
Wela
see root: Wei 2
Indo-European 03pok:1146
Weill : to spit, vomit
Avestan 03 POK:1146; KLN:1722
Vam : to spit, vomit
Latin 03ahd
vomere : to vomit
Pahlavi 03 POK:1146; HRN:296
vamitan : to vomit
Vatak : saliva
English
vomit
W
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1146; oew:434
Weil : to wish, desire
This root has derivative related
to sexual or hunting desires
Avestan 03 POK:1146; KLN:1697
Vanaiti : he wishes
vantar : victorious
Vayeiti 1 : he hunts
Vital" 2 : pursuer
Vyana 2 : pursued
Vati : persecution
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Pahlavi 03pok:1146
VanTtan : to be victorious
Avestan 03wld1:259
Vana : woods, tree
(hunting place)
OEW:434 explains that Indian
hunters used to trade animal
skins under "banyan" trees.
Pahlavi
03 WLD1:259
v*
Avestan B3aef:291
Vana-VaXSa : grown in the woods,
wild pansy, violet^ Aueg
W
Pahlavi 03aef:291
Vana-Vasak : pansy, violet
HUB:33 doubts this derivation
Avestan / Old Persian 03 knt:260
Van : overpower, win
Sanskrit 03 OEW:434; AHD:1549; WLD1:259
Van Ija : Hindu trader of animal skins (obtained from hunting)
Vana : forest, trees (place of hunting or trading animal skins)
Persian UJ WLD1:259; AEF:287
Van : tree Aj
bon 2 (ban) : tree, tree stump ' >J
Ferdowst |V*— <• ,vj t-w Jjljj ti jSj
Persian 03aef:291
banafseh : pansy <i£o
banafsh : violet, blue ,****■>
z j£ ***** <U2 [5$ j ^ ')$) j&
Khayyam
English 03ahd:104
banian : Hindu trader
banyan : a large type of
tree in tropical India
512
Wen | Weqw
W
Indo-European ffl POK:1146; OEW:434
Wen : to wish, desire
This root has derivative related
to sexual or hunting desires
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Latin 03ahd
vener : to love
VenUS : love
venerium : love potion
VenetT : beloved people
(of Venice)
French
Venus
Venezia : (through Italian)
Vennezuela : ante Venice
(through Spanish)
Persian 03 MON6:2222,2223
VenUS : Venus o"^!
VenTz : Venice yj.
Venezuela : Venezuela %* U?
^
English
venereal, Venus
venom, Venice
Germanic 03 ahd
Winnan : seek to gain, overpower, win
WUnsk : desire
English
win
wish
Latin 03 kln:1697
venan : to hunt
English 03 kln:1697
Venery : hunting
Indo-European 03 kln:1697
Wedh:
^
r
Avestan 03 kln:1687
Vadu 2:tolead
vadayeiti : leads
Indo-European 03pok:1149
Wep : to throw, spray ?
~~\
Avestan 03pok:1149
vaf ra : s
Pahlavi 03pok:1149
vafr
Sogdian 03 SOD:401
wfr:j
Persian 03 POK:1149; AEF:258
barf: snow 3y
Sanskrit 03pok:1149
Vapati : throws
Latin 03pok:1149
VepreS : a kind of bushy plant
Weqw
see root: Wekw
513
Wer1 Wer2
W
Indo-European 03pok:1162
Wer 1 : to speak
"~X
Avestan 03 POK:1162; KLN:1751; SYN:1254
Ver 2 : to decide, command
verata, urvata, vrvata, varah, wrvata
Upa-Var : in belief^ Upo
Persian ffl MON:4995; BQT:230
Var : tests, such as passing through fire, used
to judge the innocence of a defendant
bavar : believing as true
See root "Wei 1" for another possible root of "bavar"
Germanic 03 ahd
WUrdam : word
English
word
Latin 03 ahd
Verbum : word
English
verb, adverb, proverb
Greek 03 ahd
eirein : to say
English
irony
W
Indo-European 03 pok:1142-1157
~X
Wer 2 : to turn, bend
Werb, Werq 3, Wermi,
Kwermi, Werp, Wert, Wrei
PART 1
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian
03 KLN:1703; ISS:223; KNT:207
varet, wars, vart : to turn
ni-Vart : roll down cr NT 1
Persian 03 HRN:198,201; BQT:1820,1787; BLY:75
gardTdan : to turn i3JwO S
gardan : neck ( j£ii$ , &}$ ) ^i_f
^y tij* jt* )' 4 -vJr* - ^ &■>/ .3 3^ *-> ^y.jM
V k
h
Persian 03 HRN:198, 201; BQT:1820, 1787
gerd : round 2$
gerdu : iva/nuf &}S
gard : dust, makeup powder ( 0^ J ) 2> 5
Fsrdowst i yj J» yi i £ Ll) ]\ y> _ i yS J'fM ji f J <U «iji j
w
L
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:176
gwrdtq : kidney
Avestan 03pok:1157
verdeka, veredka : kidney
(because of its round shape)
Persian 03 HRN:235; BQT:2186
Vardaneh : rolling pin
navardidan : to mil, travel
&*i -"jy J^ y A)
\4
Pahlavi 03 mon:3255
gurtak : kidney
Persian UJ mon:3255
gordeh : kidney t,}S
514
Wer2 Wer2
W
W
^
Indo-European 03 pok:1142-1157
Wer 2 : to turn, bend
Werb, Werq 3, Wermi,
Kwermi, Werp, Wert, Wrei
PART 2
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Sanskrit 03pok:1154
Varj : to turn around
Persian 03 BQT:258,2273; HRN:242
Varg : a dam made to turn water around
Farrokhf ;>
J-rfV' £_J.3
<6 *
< V^rf < '{/) \ji
iberf <l>jUiS - y yj& PS yjj )jlj;j } ji QZ
Avestan 03 KLN:1752,1755; pok
Urvisyeiti : turns
Varep : to mark
a-Vareta : a valuable object
Latin 03ahd
Vetere : to turn
vergere : to turn
Vermis : worm
French
vermicelle
h
Persian LLI mon:5011
'
VermTsel : vermicelli lV^JS
English 03 ahd
adverse, anniversary, convert, divert, invert,
version, versus, universe, university, vertebra,
vice-versa, vertical, transverse, verse, verge,
vermicelli, vermouth
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:649
kermi, kerma, karem:*
Sanskrit 03 pok:649
krmi : worm
krmi-ja : made from worms (a red dye)
Persian
U
BQT:1625
kerm : worm
fi
Persian
m
MON:2663
qermez
: red
JV
Sogdian 03 SOD:203
kyrm : worm, snake
Arabic 03 bqt:1527
qermez : red
English 03 AHD:205,303
kermes, carmine, crimson
V*
Indo-European 03 IEC:1596
WrOpal : club, mace
Persian 03 IEC:1596; MON:3109
kiipal : mace, club ( Jl»j> ) JbjS"
Ferdowst ;>A 3 JUy 3 j*JUJj Ji^ljJ* - **%)** f J-^ f *— ^ A ^n 3J3
W
^
Greek 03 IEC:1596; DEW:435; POK:1156
rhopalon : club, i
515
Wer 3 Wer 4
^
Indo-European 03 pok:1116; ieC:1599
~X
Wer 3: to cover
Werg 2, Wreg 2, Wrg : to enclose, constrict
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:1116; AEF:212; KNT:207; SPG:230
var 6, vara 2, vara 2 : cover, wan
Vardana, paru-zana : walled-in area, city
w
Persian UJ bqt:216, 254,
1473
Var 1 : wall
f jb-
baru : castle wall
<«j
lj)«lj
barzan : suburb, street
Ojj*
Ferdowsf
Jy>
jJ3\
'>
«jl) j*.
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:1116; AEF:268
dega-Vara : c/ay waff^Dhsigh
fra-varna, upairi-vara : w/ft waits
around or cover over Pev 1 & Upo
pairi-Vara : wa/fed around, barn *" Par 1
paiti-Vara : casffe (defense) wall^ Par 3
Persian
03 BQT:391,1473; AEF:268
divar : '
clay wall"
;'#•>
farvar : a summer house
with doors or windows on
all sides
«jb>> h}
parvar : barn, barn raised animal,
fat animal
hj\
JUjAijijS
,j*t> °^3 &)> ^£$
Rudakt
jljjjj ikj,
)\ j j <Gu;0
*■) .3<>i>
v*
Avestan / Old Persian 03 bqt:1476,1478
fra-Var, fra-Vahr, fravasi : a protecting angefi
fra-Var-tinam : descent of holy spirits
w
Pahlavi 03 bqt
farvahr : a guarding angel
farvartin : the month of
"Farvahar"
Persian UJ bqt:1476-1478
Farvahar : a protecting angel
FarvardTn : the first month of year
W
Avestan 03pok:1116
Varethra : defender,
also name of a demon
varethra-jan, varethra-gam :
demon killer Gwben 2
Pahlavi 03 bqt:324
varhram :
Persian
vahram : victorious
bahram : "demon killer",
a male name
Persian UJ IEC:1599; MON:3505
gij : dizzy, dumb ™^j
Molavt 7t*w*> T j% 'ji\ ^UU ^ «*> jJ> - TuS JlL> ^ Cv^S jU«*> AldS
w
V*
Latin 03ahd
Op-en re : to cover^ Epi
ap-erire : to uncover, open^ Apo
English
cover
aperture
^
Germanic 03 ahd
English
Wer 4
see root: Wed
51!
Wer 5 Werdh
Indo-European 03pok:1166
Wer 5 : to burn
~~\
W
^
Russian 03 POK:1166; AHD:1148
Varit : to boil, cook
SamO-Variti , SamO-War : self boiler used for
boiling water^^Sem 1
h
Persian ffl mon:1918
'
samavar: "seifboiier j^U^
Indo-European 03 POK:1150; IEC:1347; WLD1:264
Wer 6, Swer:
to bind, hang on the scale, heavy
Avestan 03 IEC:1347
XWairiS : blame, weight
*— I Persian UJ I EC : 1 348
XWar : indigent, low in value )' V*"
See root "Eter" for a different derivation
Latin 03ahd:1549
SeriUS : grave, serious
English 03 ahd
serious
Greek 03 IEC:1347; AHD:1150
aeirein : to raise
arteria : artery
AHD is not sure of this derivation
English 03 ahd
aorta, artery, meteor
W
^
French
aorte
Persian UJvop:1
a'ort: aorta
Ojyl
Indo-European 03 IEC:1577; pok:1151
A
Wer 6, Werd: raised point
Wordos, Worda, Wordia^art fr 0g
Persian 03 IEC:1577; MON:467; FRS:201
bald : wart
Shaker Bokharf
Germanic 03pok:1151
war, warton : wart
English 03 ahd
wart, warble
Latin 03 POK:1151; IEC:1577
verriika :
English 03 ahd
Werb
Werd
Werdh
see root: Wer 2
see root: Wer 6
see root: Ered
517
Weredh Weren
Weredh
see root: Ered
Indo-European 03pok:1170
Weren : iamb
^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1170
varnak : iamb
W
Pahlavi 03 POK:1170; BQT:268
varrak : iamb
vara-gna, vare-gna, varen-zar, varag : iamb
killer (referred to falcon or crow) ^^ Gwhen 2
Persian
03 BQT; POK:1170;
HRN:192
SOD:398
barreh : iamb
V
vargeneh : falcon
<u* J5
kalag : crow
t %
w
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:398
W'rgn'k: fa/con
51S
Werg 1 | Wert
W
Indo-European 03pok:116
~X
Werg 1 :
Avestan
03 POK:1168; KLN:1751; SYN:537
vareza : work
h
Persian ffl BQT:254,2268; MON:5002
'
varzidan : to work (^^ t ^^ ^ > ^j^
barz, VarZ : work, farming \ jo t \ J
barz-gar : fer^r <j^jjj - / j JS > /irf
Varzav : strong cow ( 5 j J5 , I jjj) jljjj
VarzeS 1 : activity, farming, occupation, sports J"**) )9
Jjy& Ji<p* J^) j3 Liy^ ji^l ) ty - *b V f >*" 3 -tow >p U-^
Ferdowsf
Old Persian 03 knt:207
Vard : work
Greek 03ahd
organon : toot
L
Arabic 03 mon:203 ►-
Persian 03 BQT:106; MON:203
arghanun
Or*j'
French 03ahd:296 \*-
Persian 03 mon:205
Org : organ S jl
English 03ahd:926
organ, organon
W
Middle German 03 kln:209; ahd:155
bolwerk : fortification work
French
h
Persian ffl mon
'
bolvar ( ; |^ ) ; |^
English 03ahd:155
boulevard
Germanic 03 ahd
werkam :
English
work
Greek 03 ahd
ergon : work
French
Persian 03 mon
l#/.l&»Jk.l#jjl
^
English
argon, energy, allergy, metallurgy, surgery, George
Werg 2
Werg 3
Wermi
Werp
Wert
see root: Wer3
see root: Wer2
see root: Wer2
see root: Wer2
see root: Wer2
515
Wes 1 Wes 2
W
Indo-European 03 P0K:1171,1172; ieC:1582
~x
Wes 1, Wesa, Was, Wos, Wosos
wet, also male animal
Avestan / Old Persian
03 POK:1172; DZA:59
us-tra, UStra:came/
Zara-UStra : (with) old camels^ Gev 2
W
Sogdian 03 SOD:30,439
- XWStr:came/
^
Avestan 03pok:1172
vanhu, vohnua, vohuni: blood
W
Sogdian 03 SOD:176,437
XWm : blood
Sanskrit 03 POK:1172; IEC:1582
UStra : camel
Vasa : liquid
^
Germanic 03 ahd
WOS -.juice
Persian 03 bqt:138
OStor : camel
ZartOSt: "owner of old camels", Zoroaster
Persian UJ BRT:1434; HRN:113; SYN:206
XUn : blood
bf
c ~" 'Pj >!$ j-i .3 j-8- 3 [/ ■>/ *->
Persian 03 IEC:1495,1525,1582; MON:470
bah : sperm, sexual drive j^j
MON:470 derives this word from Arabic
English 03pok:1172
OOZe 1 : to leak out slowly
Wes 2
see root: Aus 2
520
Wes 3 Wes 4
Indo-European 03pok:1172
~X
Wes 3, Ew-es, Eu-es
to wear, put on
Avestan 03 POK:1172; KNT:219
vastra 1 , vasta 1 : clothing
vaste, vasaiti, aothra,
vah, vahna.vanhna : cover
Sanskrit 03pok:1172
vasman, vasana : mot cover
Persian 03 aef:230
bam 2 : shelter, house, roof
< r oli)
T f l,
banu : house lady
yt*
Molavf
- t-X ^ j'
<jf~
^iif
ifr 1
HUB:25 does not agree with this derivation of "banC
".
Old Persian
03 HUB:32; AEF:305
vahana:
Pahlavi 03 hub:32
Vahanak : hidden
reason, excuse
Persian 03 aef:305
bahaneh :
<gI^>
Avestan / Old Persian 03 BRT:904; AEF:410; KLN:1223; KNT:196
apa-Vasta, pavasta, pastO -.outer cover, skin, bark^" Apo
Pahlavi 03 SNS:410; SNS:139
post : skin, bark, cover
Sogdian 03 S0D:331
pWSt : skin
pWSt' k : writing tablet
Persian 03 BQT:427; AEF:410; MON:830
pUSt : skin, hide ( ^pL»yl , C^iyl ) C~»yl
Ferdowsf £***ji <CJ6 q <1~A 'pj> <CJ6 y***
Avestan 03 BRT:904; AEF:410
pastO-fratha : as wide as the skin gefs^*" Par 1
Germanic 03 ahd
Wazjan : to wear
English
^
Latin 03 ahd
Vestis : garment
English 03 ahd
vest, divest, invest
Indo-European 03 pok:1171; wld1:307
WeS 4 : eat, feed
Compare with "Ed:to eat".
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:1171; WLD1:307
vastra 2, vastra 2 : food, feed,
fodder, also a lining and cover
Pahlavi 03 SNS:260
Vastr : farm, meadow
VastriuS : farmer
Persian 03 SNS:260; MON:4946
Vastar : meadow, farm
VastriyUS : farmer
I; , I
The relationship of the Persian word
"vas:wheat" to these words is not clear
521
Wes 5 Wet
Indo-European 03 POK:1173; OEW:440; AEF:302
~x
WeS 5: to buy
WeS"nO: buying price, value
WeSll:se//
Veso, Veno, Vesno
^
Pahlavi 03aef:302
Vah-ak : value
Persian UJ AEF:302; FSF:91
baha : value
baha-gTr : valuable
Fsrdowst •,[> j£[%-1 ^l
-W <^JK> ji *,
>
w
^
Latin 03 AHD:1550; OEW:440
venum : safe
ven-dere : to sen
English 03 OEW:440
vend, vendor
Wesa
Wesn
Wes-no
We-spero
Wesr
Wesu
see root : Wes 1
see root: Wes 5
see root: Wes 5
see root: Au 2
see root: Aus 2
see root : Su 1
Indo-European 03 pok:1175; oew:441
Wet : year, also referring to things with
few years {young) or many years {old)
Iranian 03 hrn:43
Vasa : one year old,
young child
Pahlavi 03 HRN:43; HUB:26
Vhat-Cak, Cacak : one year old, child
Sanskrit 03 skt:592
vasta :
Latin 03 OEW:441; AHD
VltuluS : having few years, young cow, calf
VetUS : having many years, old
VetennUS : old cattle
Persian 03 BQT:237; HRN:26
baceh : child, baby
English 03 ahd
veal
veteran
veterinary
522
Indo-European 03 P0K:1175,1176
Wj : part, apart
^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:1175; knt:204
Wl, VI 2, VI 3 : apart, away, opposite
^
W
W
Avestan 03 hrn:205
Vl-Cira, VICara: to judge ^^Kwsr
Wi-Car : to move, do ®" Kwer
^
Pahlavi 03 ffd:73
VICir: judge
Wi-Zarisn : to do, to translate
W
Arabic 03 kln:1718
^
Avestan 03 hub:95
Vi-mad: to cure®" Ms
Vi-radh, Vi-raiti : to set separate,
ed/f®"Ar
Vi-manah : think apart, guess
®*Men 1
Vi-mar : to designate ®" Mer 1
W
Wi Wi
PART 1
~X
SEE OTHER PART(S) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Persian UJ BQT:1809,2258; MON:4988
Vacar -.judgment frt,
vacargar: judge y r^.3
gOZardan : to (rans/ate iPj'i^
Labtbt ji j->J ) Va <vl ji fjO Cicso
Persian 03 bqt:2279
VaZir -.minister
AJ3
Avestan
03 HRN:205
vi
-Star : to spread ouf®"ster 1
vi
-staka
: to stand against,
rude
V
sta
vi
-saed :
to cut off®*Sek
vi
-sa, vi-
sa, vi-hay : to
open
ca-
Se1
Avestan 03 POK:1176; HRN:199,203
Vi-kas : see apart®" Kwek
Vi-raec : run away®" Leigh 2
Vi-Saiti i: (two) separate tens®^* Dekm
Vi-tar : to go further, cross ®*Ter 1
W
Avestan 03 NYB:217; FFD:75
Vi-Cay, Vi-kay : choose apart
®"Kwei2
Vi-Zainti : to hit against, harm
®"Gwhen 2
Vi-maik : mix different things
®*Meig
Persian 03 bqt:1800,1816,1818
gostardan ( ji^> , J>J^S ) ^iJi^S
gOStaX : "(one who) stands against" m 1^5
gOSastan : "cut apart" ( L„£ , • JU^^S ) ■£**»£
gosadan ^U^
►
Persian UJ bqt:437,834
bimar
J**"*i
Virastan : "to set apart", edit
< j^-U s ) cr»U 3
goman : "think apart", guess
i)W
gomardan : "to designate"
(4lJ>w t fSJtw ) ^p j uw
Persian 03 BQT:1776,1778,18
govah ( <l,Lj»I/ ) t \£
gorixtan : run away ( y$ ) 'jlx>5
DlSt : fivo "separate" tens
gozastan ( ^jl jj ( tfj,\j$ ) ^jjT
Persian 03 BQT:1813,1835; FFD:75
gOZldan : "choose apart" (^JjJ> j>, JiXlJ) ) ' ^Jj)>
gazTdan : "h/( aga/nsf" (Jjji ) ' AJjj>
gomTxtan : "mix different things" ( ^eS ) 'jIXmjJ
523
w
^
Wi | Wlp
Indo-European 03 P0K:1175,1176
Wi
PART 2
~X
part, apart
SEE OTHER PART ( S ) FOR MORE DERIVATIVES
Avestan / Old Persian ffl pok:1175; knt:204
WI, VI 2, VI 3 : apart, away, opposite
W
Avestan 03 NYB:217; FFD:75
Vi-Vacah : to speak against
^Wskw
Vi-taxtl : melt apart^*" Dhogh
Vi-kar : to digest^ Kwsr
Persian 03 BQT:1813,1835; FFD:75
govazidan : "to speak against" ( M & ) AJjM &
godaxtan : "to meit apart" (ajljO < ^Jjjljj ) /jl>ljj
govardan : to digest ( J>j\£ , I jl^ ) O^j'/
Avestan 03pok:1175
Vis 3, Vlt: apart,
away, opposite
V
Avestan 03 POK:1176; KNT:208
Vis-patha : a// around
Vis-pat : depart
VIS pa : all
vispa-dahyu:a//proi
'Wnces Dhfs
Avestan 03 POK:1176; KNT:208; SOD:73
vTtarem : sideways
Vltara : further, later, tomorrow, morning
Vithra : separate
Oithara : lonely
Old Persian 03 knt:208
visa, vispa:a//
Sogdian 03 S0D:73
WC C| : tomorrow
'yW-WSy -.lonely
Germanic 03 ahd; kln:1748
Withro : apart with
Indo-European 03 kln:1743
Wi-itos:
to go apart (wide)
L
Germanic
WldaZ : wide
English
with
English
wide
Wid
Wi-itos
Win
Wiros
Wlkwo
Wlna
Wlp
see root: Weid
see root: Wi
see root: Woin
see root: Wei 2
see root: Wei 2
see root: Wei 2
see root: Wei 2
524
Woid Wosos
Woid
see root: Weid
Indo-European 03 ahd:1547; roe:265
Woin, \N\n.wine
This is probably a Mediterranean word.
Persian 03 FVF:695; AFM:159; BQT:2302; FSF:341
VI n : black grape, color, vineyard (world ?)
&3
,\ji pjL; (>}» tfj tf\y, - jL> y>J> if, ^g-Uj /I
w
^
Latin 03ahd:1547
Vinum:w/ne
vTnum-acer: sharp (sour) wine, vinegar'^' Ak
English 03 ahd
wine, vinegar, vine
Wokso
Wolko
Wopsa
Worda
Wordia
Wordos
Wos
Wosos
see root : Weg 1
see root: Wei 2
see root: Webh
see root: Wer6
see root: Wer6
see root: Wer6
see root : Wes 1
see root : Wes 1
525
Wrdho Wrdho
W
Indo-European 03 kln:1357; syn:527
WrdhO, \NrOd: thorn, flower
~~\
Avestan / Old Iranian 03 kln:1357; bqt:1822
wrda, varedha : rose
SUXra-Vard: red rose, town near Tehran ^Keuk 1
W
Pahlavi
varda, vard, vart
Persian 03 MON:5000; AHD:1550; SYN:527
Vard : rose
SOrirvard : red rose, name of a town
•>j3
Khaqanf
l5*0'3 3 Cyr^ A 1 *-****? -iS^j^Q^'^yfi)^
v.
h
Persian 03 BQT:2290; IRN:129
'
Val, Vel, VOl : flower, rose
J^ ' ^3 ' ^3
Valguneh : (red cheeks), facial powder
OjiJlj, tiyi 3
BabaTaher L$j-}-> ****! rt-J Jr— "* J Jj
_ (.5 j_Jj> -0 J j ^j j^ >— £jj J**w»
This pronunciation change took place in early Askanf era.
w
Persian 03 SKT:454; AHD:129,1550
gol : flower ^ ( >j£ ) jj
Hafez X*l) <yjij 6ij> <VJ LS j'ju Jjt>W $ - i «J <yj J jl A> JS 3 i_W fS ji
ll
(•Arabic 03 pla:8
julab : rosewater
English 03 ahd
julep^Abi
w
Greek
03 SYN:527; KLN:1357;
rhodon : ,
Latin
W
^
Sogdian 03sod:411
Wrd : rose
French
Persian 03 mon:1647
JJ
English
52!
Wreg 1 | W.s.m
Indo-European 03pok:1181
Wreg 1 : to push, drive
~~\
W
W
Sanskrit 03pok:1181
Vraj : to walk, go
Persian 03 HRN:200; BQT:1781
goraztdan : to walk proudly, stride &Mj\ $
Germanic 03 ahd
Wrekjan : wreck
WrakjO : exile
French 03 kln:640,642
garCOn : waiter
garcette : waitress
h
Persian 03 mon:3164
garson ^.jS
^
English
gasket
W
^
Latin 03 ahd
Urgere : to urge
English
urge
Wreg 2
Wrei
Wrg
Wrod
Wropal
see root: Wer3
see root: Wer2
see root: Wer3
see root: Wrdho
see root: Wer2
Arabic 03 kln:1000
A
W.S.ITl:
V*
Arabic 03 kln:1000
Wasama : he marked
mOUSim : marking
of the year, season
Persian UJ FVA:430; MON:5026
Vasm : mark, brand
Vasmeh : eyebrow makeup, the plant used in producing it
Semat : marking, rank, position
mOWSem : season
J^'j-i C-J<p \A\y C-3 jJ> Jilftl) jmS
W
Portuguese
03 KLN:1000; AHD:850
moncao : season
^
Dutch
03 KLN:1000; AHD:850
monSSOen : seasonal
winds (obsolete)
English
03 KLN:1000; AHD:850; OXF:269
monSOOn : the seasonal
winds of the Indian ocean
527
Xac 1 Xak
X
Sanskrit 03 syn:620
A
XdC 1 : shine through
v*
^
Sanskrit 03 SYN:620; BQT:1556
h
Persian UJ MON:2834 BQT:1556,1568
KaC : glass, pearl w-
&
kaCI : a thin glazed tile ( Ji\$ ) ^\S
Kaca : glass, pearl
Xac 2
see root: Khac
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:60
X3d : to beat, to wound
X3S13 : beaten
A
W
^
Avestan 03 ISS:60; FFD:50
►
Pahlavi 03 ISS:60
h
Persian 03 ISS:60; BQT:747
Xastan : to beat . JLJ>
Xasteh : beaten, (/red CJ>
Vi-Xada : beaten
Xad 2, XaS : to tear, beat
XVastan : to beat
Xastak : beaten
Pahlavi 03 bqt:701
A
Xak:
dust, soil, earth
V k
Persian 03 mon:1390
Xak : dust, earth, country
w
^
Hindustani 03 AHD:719; KLN:844
►
English 03 AHD:719; KLN:844
khaki : dust-colored (clothes)
xakT, khaki
52S
Xalen XsT 1
Chinese 03 SIN:552
~X
XBlGII : birch tree, birch wood
A common tree in north China and Tabarestan.
The artifacts from this wood were exported to Iran.
Wl
Altaic 03 SIN:553
^
Persian 03 SIN:553; BQT:719; FSF:158
Xadang : hard wood, arrow made of this wood lSJJJ*-
Ferdowst JvjJ* jj J iiy> (J6^J <U . O^J <U »iij-i S^S^ d^"
Xartes
Xasta
see root: Cartes
see root: Xad
Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:35
~X
JvSad : to forgive
^ I Avestan / Old Persian 03 ffd:35
apa-XSad-a : to forgive^ Apo
w
Pahlavi 03 ffd:35
abaxsay, abaxsaytd
^
Persian 03 ffd:35
baXStdan : to forgive AXji3i>
Due to the similarity in sounds / meanings of
"baxsudan: to forgive" and "baxsfdan: to give",
these words are often confused with each other.
Xsaivan
see root: XsT 1
Old Iranian 03 bly:75
~X
Xsarta
to press, squeeze
W
Pahlavi 03 BLY:75; PHD:5
afsartan, assardan
to squeeze
^
Persian 03 bly:75
afsardan : squeeze, crush
fesaf : pressure
afSOreh : juice (squeezed out of a fruit)
Avestan / Old Persian ffl bqt:1329
XSI 1 : grief, poverty
XSaiVan : grief, crying
w
^
Pahlavi
Sevan : crying
Persian 03 bqt:1329
SWan : crying
oy?»
525
"Xsnk Xvaini
Sogdian 03 S0D:28
XS n K : nice
W
Sogdian 03 S0D:28
gasnaka : nice
^
~X
Persian 03 S0D:28; mon
qasang : beautiful SlJiS
Bahar OJi^ ^U«*Si 3 ^^XoiOaJj 0' J*?. <^~m<&
Avestan 03 SNS:59; HRN:110
Xvaini:
cover, carpet
^►iPahlavi 03hrn:110;
AEF:640 ►
XVan : table cloth, food table
Hubshman does not agree
with this derivation
^
Persian 03 bqt:783
Xan : food table, table cloth ( Ajjjl J> ) ' \\ J>
Sa'dt
530
Ya Yah 5
Y
^
Indo-European 03 pok:501
A
Ya, la 2
to be aroused
Avestan
03 POK:501
ya-tU : magic
yasa : wish
Pahlavi
03 BQT:553,2419
Zatuk : magic
yasak : wish
h
Persian LLI BQT:553,2419; HRN:92; HUB:107
ARP:218
'
jadu :magic
p\%
yaseh : wish
4*«U
Compare with the root "Ei" from which the
Sanskrit word "jadoo: sorcery" is derived.
w
^
Greek 03ahd
ZeloS : zeal
English
zeal, jealous
see root:
Ya3
1
Yah 5
w
Indo-European 03 pok:501
~X
Yag, lag
to worship
Avestan
03 POK:501; HRN:95,252; KLN:1759; ZAW:38
yaZ : to worship
yazatanam : God
yesnya : worship
mazda r yasna: God worshiper^ Men -\
yazatO-kerata : God's creation **Kwer
Persian 03 BQT:752,2432; ETM:64
lzad <■>>.« o'^. ) ^
yasna : worship ceremony ( w«*0 ya ) w*J
» , ,f', ~r
jasn : celebration
Yazdgerd : "God's creation"
zjijt
v*
^
Greek 03ahd
hagnOS : sacred, holy
English
Agnus
Avestan 03 POK:521, 61 8,699,708,800
~x
Y3h 5, Ycl O : comparative suffix
W
^
Avestan 03 POK:521,618,699,708,800; KLN:371,958; SYN:880
maz-yah, mathi-yah: greater®" Mag
mas-yah, mas-ya 2®"Mak
f ra-yah : more plentiful^' Pal 1
kas-yah : sma/fer®" Kak 3
Sra-yah: defter®" Krei
531
Yarah Yavarena
W
Semitic / Hebrew 03 kln:828
~X
Yarah
he threw, cast
Hebrew 03 kln:828
yarah, yeru : foundation, base, city
yeru-sala'yim : c/fy of peace cr s.\.
Persian 03 MON5:195; IRN:28
UrsalTm : "city of peace", Jerusalem
U rm Tyeh : "city of water", a city north of Iran
W
^
Arabic 03 arb:32
al-avara : place, location
English 03 kln:828
Jerusalem
Hebrew 03 BQT:2434; KLN:826
~x
Yasfa, Yasfeh:
an opaque variety of quartz
Arabic 03 bqt:2434
yasb : a kind of quartz
h
Persian ffl bqt:2434
'
yasm : a grayish green quartz ( _&i^j 4 i_-J*> ) ,*J+i
Greek
03 KLN:826
laspis
Latin
03 KLN:826
laspis
Old French
03 KLN:826
jaspe, jaspre
Middle English
03 KLN:826
laspre, jaspre
English 03 kln:826
jasper 2 : a kind
of quartz
Yasfeh
see root: Yasfa
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:91
YaU : move, movement
oyUna : gait (of a lion or horse)
Old Persian 03 ISS:91; knt:204
yaUViya : channel (to move water)
Pahlavi
03 BQT:602
yOl, JOI -.stream
Avestan 03 ISS:91
yaona : movement
Sogdian 03 SOD:450
ywn : place
Persian 03 ISS:91; BQT:602
JU : stream
jiiy-bar:
river bank Per 2
_«i> Is) ^Uy lS fi iSj-i
Avestan 03 hrn:252
~X
Yavarena
a stone or tool for beating and crushing grains
v»
^
Persian ffl bqt:2422
yavai": stone or other objects used for crushing grains *a\y
(jyJb 2 J> y **&? y^y UaS - jyj CU>w y j y j** y jJS
Nazarf Qahestanf
532
Yb Yelek
Egyptian 03 KLN:507,821; AHD:423
"~X
YD, AbU : elephant, ivory
ElU, EIU-ephaS:e/ep/7anf
These words had appeared in the Hamitic {old Egyptian) language
Old Persian 03 knt:197; pla:214
piru : ivory
Aramaic 03 mon:953
p-ila, piila, pila : efephanf
Hebrew 03 kln:507
el-eph : ox, elephant
p-l I : elephant
yebh : elephant
Persian 03 PLA:214; BQT:446; MON:953; KLN:507
pTI : elephant
pil-aS : "elephant's bone", Ivory ^^Ost
"r
**J ji CO a— w I i^yW ^5 - oLj j]
Greek 03 AHD:423. SYN:189
el : Indian elephant
elephas : elephant
WEB & FSD suggest that these
words may have been taken
through Hebrew "eleph: ox"
Latin 03 KNT:507; AHD:423
elephantUS : elephant
W
Latin 03 kln:507
elepantum : ivory (principal) letters
e\ementum -. principal
w
^
Latin 03 AHD:697; KLN:821
ebUT: ivory
eboreUS : made of ivory
Old French 03 kln:821
English 03 ahd; kln
elephant
English
03 AHD; KLN:507
element
English 03 kln:821
ivory
Ye
see root: Ei
^
Indo-European 03 POK:504
Yekwer:
Avestan 03 pok:504
yakara : nver
W
Pahlavi 03 SNS:317
jakar, jagar : nver
W
L
^
Greek 03 ahd
heepar : nver
Latin 03 ahd
jecur -.liver
Persian UJ BQT:579; POK:504
jegar : uver S^>
jegar-band : a dear person, child JJo \^
Ferdowst ^y, JJj jx? |j ^j, C*~0 _ 'y Jj)j3 aujl j*J JjL)
w
Latin 03 ahd
gigena : bird's stomach
English
gizzard
English
heparin, hepatic
English 03 kln:827
jecoral
Yelek
see root.
Ijlak
533
w
Yem | Yes
Indo-European 03 pok:505
~X
YeiTl : restrain, hold together (pair)
Avestan 03 KLN:1763; BRT:1301; IRN:5
yemo, yema, yima : twin, also a king.
y ima-XSaetem : brilliant king, title of king Jamshid. *" Ksei 2
King Jamshfd had a twin sister who was nicknamed "Yima:twin".
W
Pahlavi 03 bqt:587
yam : king
yam-sTt : shining king
Persian ffl BQT:587; MON5:433; TZF:28
jam : king
JamSICl : "brilliant king", a male name
P
Avestan 03 pok:505
yata, yata, ya 2 : hold,
keep, remember
Pahlavi 03 hrn:250
yat, ayat
Persian 03 BQT:2412; SNS:85; TZF:22
yad : memory }{}
ddSyad : backbite^ Dus iL&i
Latin 03 AHD; POK:505
geminUS : twin (stars)
English
Gemini
Yero
see root: Ei
W I Avestan 03 POK:506; KLN:1761 !►
w
Indo-European 03 pok:506
YeS : to boil
yah 3 : to bou
yaesyaiti : boils
Greek 03 KLN:1761; POK:506
zein, zee\r\ -.to bou
ek-Zema : boiling out (pimples),
a skin disease
W
Swedish B3ahd:1488
Zeollt : boiling stone,
an aluminum silicate mineral
^
W
^
Germanic 03 ahd
jest : yeast
French
French 03vop:197
zeolite
*■ I Persian 03 BQT:571
jastan : to jump up '£»£
\an\dan : to jump up \ i . g -»
Persian 03 mon:331
ekzema :
ty
Persian 03vop:197
Zeolyt : a mineral C-wJ a^ )
English 03 ahd
zeolite
English
yeast
534
Yeu 1 Yeu 2
Indo-European 03 pok:509
Yeu 1, Yeug:to J0 /n
~X
Avestan 03 BQT:577,1228,2458; POK:509
yaoj, yuj :/ harnessed
y UXta : harnessed, joined
Greek 03 POK:509; AHD; VDQ:346
ZUgon, ZygOS, SextariOLIS : yoke, arm of a pair of balances, scale
Persian
yug : yoke a^,
JOTt : pair (union) C-Ji?-
W
W
Arabic B3vdq:239
ZaWJ : yoke, pair, couple, spouse
This apparently reached Arabic
through another language.
Persian ffl fva:180
ZOWJ : pair, even, spouse, couple m e \
Arabic 03vdQ:346
qest : balance,
scale, justice
Persian 03 mon:2674
qest '.justice, loan payment
( isLSI ) k«S
qestas : balance, scale
^Ua»*5
Khaqant BjJ (JUa^i }ji J&^i jp- <0
- ^W 1 y) /W^WkJ »Av> ...g*
Germanic 03 ahd
yukam
English
yoke
Sanskrit 03 ahd
yuga : yoke
yoga : union
English
yoga
^
Latin 03 ahd
jungere: to jo/n
jugum: yoke
yugista : nearby
English
join
conjugate
adjust
Indo-European 03 pok:510
~X
Yeu 2, Yuwn, Yuwnkos, leu -.young
Compare with root "Aiw: vitality"
Avestan 03 POK:510; KLN:1764; hrn
yuvan, yvan: young
Sanskrit 03 kln:1764
yavan : young
yuvasah : youth
Persian 03 bqt
javan : young \\ tp-
Shahrtyar |j _j|y» >}J S j |j J\S Jjj -JU»AJ
Germanic 03 ahd; kln
juncaz, jungaz
English
young, youth, youngster
Latin 03 ahd; kln
jUVeniS: young
jUVenCUS : young man
jUVenca : young woman
English
junior, juvenile
535
Yeu 3 Yewo
Indo-European 03 pok:507
YeU 3 : to mix, blend
~~\
Sanskrit 03 pok:507
yUS : juice, broth
made by boiling in water
h
Persian ffl BQT:600; MON:1254
'
jusidan : to boa ( JJ>f? , J*f? ) (j&~kf»
Avestan 03sod:117
yaes : to boa
Sogdian Q3sod:117
byes : to boil
Greek 03ahd
ZUme : leaven
en-ZUme : leavened
French
ensyme : enzyme
h
Persian ffl amd:57
anZI m : enzyme ^ 'A \
^
English
enzyme
W
L
Latin 03ahd
JUS : juice
English
juice
Indo-European 03 kln:833; pok:512
yeU-dh : shaken, active, fight
yeiAQ : ready to fight
W
Avestan
03 KLN:833; POK:512; IEC:446
yaod, yaosti ■. active,
searching
yaOZ, yaozaiti : search,
fight
Pahlavi
03 BQT:571
joysn -.search
Persian 03 BQT:571; FFD:47
jOStan : search ( ^Ajjyj- ) ■JLjf
W
^
Sogdian 03 S0D:15
a-ywdy : to struggle, try
Persian 03 BQT:2457; MON:5272
yUZ : hunting dog, fighting
yUZpalang:a small fast leopard'-^' Pard
OJJj
jy.
S
w*
jy.< 8 jy.
yLJZldan : to be active, to search \Xi V-j
yeu-dh
Yeug
yeug
Yewo
see root: Yeu 3
see root : Yeu 1
see root: Yeu 3
see root: leuo
53*
Y.m.n Y.m.n
W
Semitic 03 kln:164
~X
Y . fTI . n : south, right hand (prosperous) side, prosperity
Arabic ffl kln:164
yam in : right hand, south side,
fortunate and happy
Yemen : the southern country
maymun : blessed, fortunate, monkey
Arabs used "maymun" euphemistically
to denote the monkey whose sight is
supposed to bring misfortune.
W
Persian
03 FVA:453
yomn : good fortune
<
,'jiO-O i 'ta-WJ-^
> &1
Yaman
Yemen
iM
meymun, maymun
monkey, blessed
Oy^
(V^3 J l)w^jI
ft&*^t_s}
jl Xuj
Hafez
J>o*— w
jJU,
3 ^3-w 1 j&< ^
Cn"J
Turkish 03 PRT:413; KLN:164,997
maymun : monkey
w
Italian 03 KLN:997; PRT:413
monna : monkey
Several references, including AHD,
derive "mona" from "Moneke", name of
a monkey in a famous story in Europe.
Middle German
03 KLN:997
meneke:
English
03 KLN:997; PRT:413
monkey, mona
V*
English 03 kln:1762
Yemen
W
Hebrew 03 kln:164
yamm: right hand
Ben-yamin : son of
the right (fortunate)
s«s t **B.n.v
Persian 03 MON5
BenyamTn : Benjamin
/j-^UX)
Hadrqat-ol-Haqrqat
^
^
English 03 kln:164
Benjamin
537
Yos Yuwnkos
W
Indo-European 03 pok:513
YOS : to gird, belt
^\
Avestan / Old Persian 03 pok:513; kln:1770; syn:434
yah 4 : to put belt on
yahma : cover, clothes
yasta, yanhaeiti : belted
W
Pahlavi
03 HUB:49; HRN:93
yamak : clothes
W
Greek 03ahd
Zone : girdle
ZOnarion : a girdle
worn by non-Moslems
to be identified
^
^
Persian 03 bqt:556, 660
jameh : clothes tji\^
pa-jameh : pants, pajamas ** Pad <t«Ul>
jameh-dan : su/fcase^Dhs 2 ^b tjh?
W
Hindustani 03 hjb:748
pae-jama
W
English 03 ahd; kln
pajamas
Wl
French 03 etm:63
Persian 03 mon:868,902
pijameh <u^ .
V
Russian 03 etm:64
camadan :
Persian 03 etm:64
camedan :
y<k^>
Persian 03 bqt:1033; mon
ZOnnar : belt worn by non-Moslems
J U J
ijljji <0 lijj /> |JW _p y lijj jj . lijbj <0 4 j? -U> Ojl jl) j*. j> lil
English
Indo-European 03 pok:513
YU, lU, UeS: you
Avestan 03 pok:513
yds, yusmat: you
h
h
Persian LLI HRN:176; BQT:1291
Soma : you {&&
Germanic 03 ahd
JUZ: you
English
you, your
Yuwn
Yuwnkos
see root: Yeu 2
see root: Yeu 2
53£
Zarafah | Zay
z
Arabic 03 KLN:657; AHD:558
A
Zarafah : giraffe
This word is of an African root.
Persian 03 bqt:1009
zarrafeh : giraffe ( 31 jj ) <si'
JJ > W JJ
w
^
Italian 03 KLN:657; AHD:558
giraffa
Note the "z" to "j, g" sound change in Italian.
French
03 KLN:657
girafe
English 03 KLN:657; AHD:558
giraffe
Avestan 03 ahm:220
Zausa
raising a noise, being violent or bad tempered
v»
^
Persian 03 AHM:220; BQT:1044; MON:1762
ZOS : talk loudly, be violent, a bad tempered person
Rudakt Jljj ^JxOljj j>Jjlj> jijj - ,V-~
"~X
Indo-Schythian 03 ISS:16
Zay, Zi : to adorn
AySail : to decorate
h
h
Persian 03 ISS:16
ZI D : beauty
< Wj ) v>0
zTbTdan : to befit, deserve
( «ii*y ) O-^ftfj
ZI Vaf : ornament
J#j
^►iPahlavi ffl ISS:16
depak : a beautiful cloth, brocade
BQT:908 indicates that it may have
come from Sanskrit "dfp:to shine".
W
^
Sogdian 03 iss:16
ZyWf : ornament
h
Persian UJ bqt:908
'
dTba : a colorful cloth Lo
r Lo i *UO
Ferdowsf
See root "Dei" for another possible derivation.
535
Z.b.d Zi
Arabic 03 fva:176
~X
Z.b.d
to extract butter from milk (or foam from liquid)
^ I Arabic ffl f
ZObd : butter or milk fat, best of anything
ZObdeh : best of anything, skilled, talented
Zabad : foam or froth on liquid
Persian ffl mon:1722
ZObdeh : milk fat, best of anything, talented jj^j \
Zabad : foam or froth on top of liquid jj j
W
Arabic ffl kln:293
Zabad : musk cat and its foam like musk
I
^
Italian 03 kln:293
Zibetto : musk cat
and its musk
French 03 kln:293
civette
Persian 03 mon:1718
Zabad : musk cat and its musk 2>\i)
English 03 KLN:293; TYL:568
Civet, Zibet : musk cat and its musk
Zgwes
see root: Gwes
Semitic 03 kln:816
~X
Z.h.k:
he laughed
W
W
Arabic 03 kln:816
Z.h.k, ZaU\Wa: he laughed
mOZhek : laughable, funny
Persian 03 fva:239
mOZhek : funny
0*?UAA
Hebrew 03 kln:816
tzahaq : he laughed
Yitzhaq, Yisaq:/?e
laughts
► Arabic
Persian 03 akm:31
Es-haq : "he laughs", a biblical name ( ap^l ) ijlpwil
MolavT
y jA*J» ^1 )' i^A^i 5y& (3bs— ^1 y% U
W
^
Greek 03 kln:816
Isaak
Late Latin 03 kln:816
Isaacus
English 03 kln:816
Isaac
Zi
see root: Zay
540
Z.k.r | Z.n.y
W
Semitic 03 kln:1766
~X
Z.k.r:
to remember, mention
Arabic ffl kln:1766
Z.KT : to remember, mention
Persian ffl fva:150
Zekf : mention, remembrance (of God)
w
Hebrew ffl kln:1766
Zakar : he remembered
zekhar-yah : God /?as
(is) remembered
Arabic B3vdq:233
ZakarTa
It is not quite clear through
what language this word
has reached Arabic.
Persian
Zakarfya : -God it
remembered"
^Jj
^
Greek 03 kln:1766
zakaris
Latin 03 kln
zacharias
English 03 ahd
Zachary, Zacharias, Zachariah
Arabic 03 fva:180
~X
Z.n.y.he
commits adultery
W
Arabic 03 lkt:44
Zina : adultery
abu-zTna : father of whoredom
(referring to gibbons)^^ Ab 2
V
Persian ffl MON:602; FVA:180
Zena : adultery gti) t \$\
Molavf
•>3* *m I; ^ f •>) (/ <y j' -4^
Persian 03 MON:602; FVA:180
buzTneh : gibbon ( ij) ^> ) <Uoj j>
Molavt ( i IS ^jl _)!}-?■ J—* ^L!»Jjj_J Ji jl _ iJi ^l iij— > 4_i_jj«_) Ji ^«_ >
I,
( -Hindustani 03 prt:253
bojTna : g/M>o,
French 03 kln:655
This monkey was brought to France
from India in the early 18th century.
English 03 kln:655
gibbon
W
^
Turkish 03 syn:18
ebuzine : gibbo
541
2uU o
♦♦♦
•J*
,jla o^'jh
( [&> 4<2.Jj ^>ftJ^ ^3^ v*ft'*j , * , J '
ROOX
1
542
WORD INDEX
for Various L anguages
543
544
WORD INDEX
FOR VARIOUS LANGUAGES
LANGUAGE
PAGE
547
LANGUAGE
PAGE
ROOTS
ITALIAN
677
AKKADIAN
563
LATIN
678
ARABIC
564
- Latin (Late)
687
ARAMAIC
570
- Latin (Middle)
687
ARMENIAN
571
MALAYSIAN
688
AVE STAN
572
MEDIT
689
CARIBIAN
596
MONGOLIAN
690
CELTIC
597
NORSE (Old)
691
CHINESE
598
PAHLAVI .
692
DUTCH
599
PALI
700
EGYPTIAN
600
PARTHIAN
701
ENGLISH
601
PERSIAN
- English (Middle)
632
- (in Persian Alphabet) ^jls
825
- English (Old)
633
- (in English Alphabet)
702
ETHIOPIAN
634
- Persian (Middle)
FRENCH
635
{ See Pahlavi & Sogdian }
- French (Old)
639
- Persian (Old)
730
GERMAN
640
PORTUGUESE
739
-German (Middle High)
641
RUSSIAN
740
-German (Old High)
642
- Russian (Old)
740
GERMANIC
643
SANSKRIT
741
GREEK
648
SEMITIC
745
- Greek (Middle)
655
SLAVIC (Old)
746
HEBREW
656
SOGDIAN
747
HINDUSTANI
658
SPANISH
750
INDO-EUROPEAN
659
SUMERIAN
751
INDO-SCYTHIAN
673
SWEDISH
752
IRANIAN
674
SYRIAC
753
- Iranian (Old)
675
TAMIL
754
IRISH
676
TURKISH
755
-Irish (Old)
676
WELSH
756
545
546
ROOTS
A - A
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOTS
Aleio
Al 4/18
Apu
Apo/ 29
Alek
19
Apo/ 30
A
Aleuos
Al 4/18
Aq
Ak/12
Algwh
20
Ak/13
Ab1
1
A.l.h
Layh/2 73
A\q.b
30
2
Layh/2 74
A.q.r
31
Ab2
3
Alu
20
Ar
31
Aba
4
Amalaka
20
32
A\b.r
4
Ambhi
21
Araq
A.r.q/ 34
Abu
Yb/533
Ambho
Ambhi/ 21
Ardha
33
Adhamah
5
AmTr
A' .m.r/23
Are
Ar/31
Ag
5
Amlak
Amalaka/20
Ar/32
Agaru
6
A\m.m
22
A\r.f
33
Agaruh
6
A.m.n
22
Arg
34
Agh
7
Amon
23
Arkhein
Arxein/35
Aghlo
Agh/ 7
A'.m.r
23
A.r.q
34
Agros
Ag/5
An 1
24
Arxein
35
A-gur-ru
Agurru/ 7
An 2
24
As
35
Agurru
7
An 3
25
A-sema
Sema/413
Ahu
8
An 4
Ne 1/321
Asfar
S.f.r/419
Ai
8
Ne 1/322
A\s.r
36
Aidh
9
A.n.b
25
Asu
36
Aien
Ayer/44
anbar
A.n.b/ 2 5
Ater
37
Aier
Ayer/44
Andho
25
Athal
Atos/38
Aig-
9
Ang
26
Ato
Atos/38
Aik
10
Angh
27
Atos
38
Aios
10
Angwhi
27
Atr
Ater/ 37
Aiw
11
Ank
Ang/ 2 6
Atta
Atos/38
Ak
12
Ano
An 3/25
Au 1
Ous 1/346
13
Anor
Nor/ 34
Ous 1/347
Aken
Ak/12
Anq
Ang/ 2 6
Au2
39
Ak/13
Ansu
An 1/24
Aue 1
We 1/496
Akos
13
Ap1
Ab 1/1
Aue2
Wed/ 4 97
Akos
Akos/ 13
Ab 1/2
Wed/ 4 98
Akru
14
Ap2
28
Aueg
40
Akwa
14
Apa
Apo/ 2 9
Aug
Aueg/ 4
AI 1
15
Apo/ 30
Aus 1
Ous 1/346
AI2
16
Apank
28
Ous 1/347
AI3
17
Apo
29
Aus2
41
AI4
18
30
Aus 3
Ous 2/348
547
ROOTS
A - C
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Ausus
Aus 2/41
Bhel
54
Bhru 1
67
Autos
42
55
Bhru2
Bher 5/61
Aw
43
Bhelgh
Bh
sl/54
Bhu
Beu 1/48
'Awar
43
Bh
sl/55
Bhudh
Bhun/ 68
Awei
Aw/43
Bhen
56
Bhugo
68
Awes
Aus 2/41
Bhendh
57
Bhun
68
Awi
Aw/43
Bhengh
58
Bistak
69
Ayer
44
Bher 1
58
B.k.r
69
Ayos
Aios/10
59
B.n.v
70
Aysan
Zay/539
Bher2
59
Boqca
70
Bher 3
60
B.r.k
71
B
Bher 4
60
B.r.q
71
Bher 5
61
Bu
72
Baba
45
Bhereg
61
Bunai
72
Balbarah
Baba/45
Bhereu
Bher
5/61
Buqca
Boqca/70
Balut
46
Bhergh
62
Busma
72
Bamb
46
63
B.w.s
B.y.z/73
Bambak
Pambak/351
Bheru
Bher
5/61
B.y.t
73
Bambo
Bamb/ 4 6
Bheu
Bh
5u/67
Byurru
73
Barbarah
Baba/45
Bheu 1
Beu
1/48
B.y.z
73
Bata
46
Bheu 2
Beu
2/48
Batiaxe
47
Bheu 3
64
c
Bazda
47
Bheudh
65
Belur
Velur/494
Bheug
65
C'a
74
Berenza
47
Bheugh
Bheug/ 65
Cairya
Cirya/76
Besma
Busma/72
Bhili
66
Car
74
Beu 1
48
Bhilo
Bhi
li/66
Cartes
74
Beu2
48
Bhlei
Bh
31/54
Carya
Cirya/76
Bha
Bhe/53
Bh
31/55
Cexara
Cixa/76
Bha
Bhe/53
Bhleu
Bh
31/55
Char
Car/74
Bha 1
49
Bhleu
Bh
31/54
Chiang-yu
75
Bha 2
50
Bho
Bhe/53
Chou-shu
75
Bhad
50
Bhoi
67
CTrag
75
Bhag
51
Bhombhos
Bamb/ 4 6
Cirya
76
52
Bhou
67
Cirya
Cirya/76
Bhaghu
52
Bhra-tar
Bher
1/58
Ctxa
76
Bhe
53
Bher
1/59
Cixa
Cixa/76
Bhe
53
Bhreg
Bhereg/ 61
Cop
77
Bhegh
Bhe/53
Bhrei
Bher
3/60
Cop-gan
Cop/ 7 7
Bhegh-iks
Bhe/53
Bhreu
Bher
5/61
Crgala
Srgala/443
54S
ROOTS
D - E
ROOT
Page
D
Da 1
78
Da 2
79
Dabhar
D.b.r/80
Dai
Da 1/78
Dakru
Akru/14
Danu
Da 2/79
Daqal
79
Dayanu
Dinu/108
D.b.r
80
Del
80
De2
80
Dei
81
Deik
82
Deiw
Dei/81
Dek
83
Dekm
84
85
Del
86
Dem
86
Dema
87
Denk
87
Denu
Dinu/108
Deph
88
Der 1
89
Der2
90
Derk
90
Dero
Der 1/89
Deru 1
91
Deru2
Der 2 /90
Deu 1
92
Deu2
92
Deuk
92
Dhars
93
Dhe1
93
Dhe2
94
95
Dhedh 2
95
Dhegh
Dhogh/104
Dhehem
Ghdhem/150
ROOT
Dheigh
Dhem
Dhe-mna
Dhen
Dher 1
Dher2
Dherabh
Dhers
Dheu 1
Dheu2
Dheu 3
Dheugh
Dheye
Dhigha
DhTs
Dhogh
Dhont
Dhrabh
Dhragh 1
Dhragh 2
Dhe 1
Page
96
97
/93
97
99
Dher 2/99
Dhars/93
99
100
101
101
102
Dheigh/ 96
103
104
Dhen/ 97
Dher 2/99
105
Dher 2/99
Dhreg Dhragh 1/105
Dhreugh
Dhrugh
Dhu
Dhu-bh
Dhugh
Dhus
Dhwer
Dhwor
Di
Dibber
Dinghw
DTnu
Dlgho
D.I.I
Dnghu
Do1
Do 2
105
Dhwer/ 10 6
Dheu 2/100
Dheu 2/100
Dheugh/ 101
Dhumbhma
Dumb/ 112
106
106
Dhwer/ 10 6
Da 1/78
D.b.r/80
107
108
Del/86
108
Dinghw/ 107
De 2/80
109
ROOT
Dolmak
Domu
Dous
Drassoman
Dregh
Drtis
Drtos
Dub
Dumb
Dup
Dus
Dvei
D.v.r
Dwei
Dwo
Dye
Dyeu
E
Ebhi
Ed
Eg
Ei
Eik
Eis 1
Eis2
Ekwos
El 2
El 3
Elei
Elk
Eln
Elu
Elu-ephas
Embhi
Emos
Der
Der
Page
109
Dem/ 8 6
110
110
110
1/89
1/89
111
112
Dub/ 111
113
Dwei/ 114
114
114
115
Dei/81
Dei/81
I 2/194
I 2/195
Ambhi/21
117
118
118
119
Aik/10
119
120
121
122
122
El 3 /122
El 2/122
El 2/122
Yb/533
Yb/533
123
123
545
ROOTS
E - G
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
En
124
Fra-sanga
134
Geu 3
148
Enek
Neku/328
F.r.q
135
Geua
Geu 2/147
Enk
Neku/328
Fsan
135
Geus
148
Eno
An 2/24
Ghaido
148
Enomn
Nomn/34
G
Ghaise
Ghei 2/154
Ens
125
Ghait
149
Epi
125
Gabbah
136
Ghaita
Ghait/ 149
Er1
126
Gag Kak 4/205
Ghans
149
127
Gal
136
Ghau
Ghu 1/165
Er2
Ere 1/127
Galagh
Gal/ 13 6
Ghazal
G.z. 1/188
Erdh
Ered/128
Galgh
Gal/ 13 6
Ghdes
Ghdies/151
Ere1
127
Gan
137
Ghdhem
150
Ere 2
Eres 1/130
Gang
137
Ghdies
151
Erebu
128
Gantuma
137
Ghei
151
Ered
128
Garenu
137
Ghe2
Ki 2/237
Erek
129
Gassu
138
Ghebh-el
152
Eres 1
130
6aulos
138
Ghei
152
Eres2
131
Ge
Gei/138
Ghei 1
153
Ers
Eres 1/130
Gebh
Geph/ 142
Ghei 2
154
Ersen
Eres 1/130
Gei
138
Ghei 3
Ghe 1/151
Es 1
Aidh/9
Gel
139
Gheis
155
Es2
131
Geleb
Gel/139
Gheizd
Gheis/155
Es-ti
Es 2/131
Geli
Gel/139
Ghei
155
Esu
Su 1/454
Gelu
Gel/139
156
Su 1/455
Gelu
Gel/139
Gheled
156
Su 1/456
Gem
Geme/ 140
Ghen
157
Eter
132
Geme
140
Ghengh
157
Eti
132
Gen
Gno/168
Gherl
158
Eu 1
132
Gene 1
141
Gher3
159
Eueguh
Wegwh/502
Gene 2
Gno/168
Gher4
159
Eu-es
Wes 3/521
Genu 1
142
Gherd
Gher 1/158
Ewan
Eu 1/132
Genu 2
142
Ghers
160
Ewegwh
Wegwh/502
Geph
142
Gherto
160
Ew-es
Wes 3/521
Ger1
143
Ghes
Ghdies/151
Ey
Ei/118
Ger2
144
Gheslo
161
Ei/119
Ger3
145
Ghesto
161
Ger4
145
Gheu 1
162
Geu 1
146
Gheu2
Ghu 1/165
F
147
Gheue
Ghu 1/165
Frankon
134
Geu2
147
Gheugh
163
550
ROOTS
G - I
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Ghi
Ghei 1/153
Gurdos
170
184
GhT
Ghei/ 152
170
Gwhen 2
185
Ghia
Ghei/ 152
Gurdus
Gurdos/ 170
Gwher
186
Ghiem
Ghei 1/153
Gurdos/ 170
Gwhi
186
Ghies
Ghdies/151
Guro
Ger
4/145
Gwou
187
Ghi-ghe-me
Gurr
Ger
4/145
Gwuna
Gwen 1/178
Ghe 1/151
Guysna
171
Gyeu
Geu 3/148
Ghlad
163
G.v.l
171
Gyuna
Yau/532
Ghordho
Gher 1/158
Gwa
172
G.z.l
188
Ghosto
Ghesto/161
173
Gzn
188
Ghou-ro-s
> 164
Gwa
Gwa /I 72
Ghrebh
164
Gwa/1 73
H
Ghrei
Gher 3/159
Gwadh
173
Ghrem
164
Gwag
Wag
2/495
Habl
189
Ghreu
Gher 3/159
Gwak
Wag
2/495
Haem
189
Gh.r.f
165
Gwebh 1
174
Havana
189
Ghu 1
165
Gwebh 2
174
Haya
Haem/ 189
Ghu2
Dinghw/107
Gwedh
174
Hebhel
190
Ghua
Dinghw/107
Gweguos
Wag
2/495
Hebni
190
Ghuel
166
Gwei
175
H.j.r
190
Ghugh
Gheugh/1 63
Gweie
176
H.n.n
191
Ghuk
166
Gwel 1
176
H.r.m
192
Ghukos
Ghuk/ 166
Gwel2
177
H.s.n
192
GT
Gei/138
Gwelbh
177
H.s.s
193
Gieu
Geu 3/148
Gwen 1
178
Hyakinthos 193
Glei
167
Gwen 2
Gwa/1 72
H.y.y
193
Glue
Gel/139
Gwa/1 73
Gno
168
Gwena
Gwen
1/178
I
Gogel
168
Gwer 1
178
Gogelos
Gogel/ 168
Gwer2
179
1 1
Ei/118
Gotra
169
Gwer 3
180
Ei/119
Gras
169
Gwer 4
181
12
194
Gredh
169
Gwere 1
Gwer
2/179
195
Greios
Glei/167
Gwere 2
Gwer
3/180
la 1
Ei/118
Greno
Ger 2/144
Gwes
181
Ei/119
Gu
Geu 1/146
Gweye
Gweie/ 17 6
la 2
Ya/531
Geu 1/147
Gwhder
181
lag
Yag/531
Guha
Gwhi/186
Gwhedh
182
latis
Iatos/196
Guhei
Gwhi/186
Gwhen 1
182
I atom
Iatos/196
Gurb
170
183
latos
196
551
ROOTS
I - K
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
leu
Yeu 2/535
Kak4
205
Kaz
Kaz/ 216
leuo
196
Kakha
Kak
2/205
Kaz
216
Ijlak
196
KakTna
Kakis/ 20 6
Ke2
Ki 2/237
lo
I 2/194
Kakis
206
Keanos
216
I 2/195
Kakus
Kakis/ 20 6
Keg
217
Isto
197
Kal
Kur/257
Kei 1
217
lu
Yu/538
Kalwo
Kelewo/223
Kei2
218
Kam 1
206
Kei 4
219
J
Kam2
207
Kek
Keg/ 21 7
Kamer
Kam
2/207
Keku
219
Jabra
J.b.r/200
Kamma
208
Kei 1
220
Jamal
198
Kamp
Kam
2/207
Kei 2
220
Jangalah
198
Kand 1
209
Kei 3
221
J.b.b
198
Kand2
Skand/422
Kei 4
222
J.b.l
199
Kank
Kak
2/205
Kei 5
222
J.b.r
200
Kanunu
210
Kei 6
222
Jol
Ul/487
Kap
210
Kelewo
223
Jor
Ul/487
Kapastay
210
Kern 1
223
Jur
Ul/487
Kapasti
Kern 2
223
Kapast
3y/210
Ken
224
K
Kapho
211
Keng
Keg/ 21 7
Kapparis
211
Kenkl
224
Ka 1
201
Kapul
211
Kenk2
Keg/ 21 7
Ka2
Kwon/268
Karl
212
Kens
225
K.a\b
201
Kar2
213
Ker1
226
Kad 1
202
Karkar
Kar
1/212
Ker2
Sek/408
Kad2
202
Karpasah
213
Sek/409
Kafa
202
Karpurah
213
Ker3
22 7
Kaffa
203
Karpurah
Ker4
228
Kafs
203
Karpurah/ 213
Ker5
228
Kaftan
203
Karsvar
214
Kerb
Ker 4/228
Kag
Keg/ 21 7
Kas 1
Kes
1/231
Kerd 1
229
Kagas
Kagas/204
Kas2
214
Kerd2
229
Kagas
204
Kasyapa
214
Kerd ha
Kerd 2/229
Kagat
Kagas/204
Katara
214
Kerd ho
Kerd 2/229
Kagaz
Kagas/204
Kau
215
Kerk
230
Kahrpu
204
Kau2
215
Keros
Sper/437
Kak1
204
Kaukos
Kau
2/215
Kers 1
Ker 4/228
Kak 2
205
Kavuta
215
Kers2
230
Kak3
205
Kayik
216
Kerta
Ker 5/228
552
ROOTS
K - K
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Kes 1
231
Klei
239
Ksudros
252
Kes2
231
Klem
239
Ku 1
253
Ket
232
Kleu 1
240
Ku2
254
Keu 1
Geu 1/14 6
Kleu 2
241
Ku3
Skeu 2/425
Geu 1/147
Klis
241
Kuatos
254
Keu 2
232
Klou-ni
242
Kub
Geu 1/14 6
Keu 3
233
Ko2
Ki 2/237
Geu 1/147
Skeu 2/425
Koi-to
Kei 4/219
Kue
Kwe/ 2 58
Keu 4
234
Koksa
Kenk 1/224
Kuei
254
Keu 5
Ku 1/253
Kolema
Kolemos/242
Kulanja
255
Keub
Geu 1/146
Kolemos
242
Kumb
Geu 1/146
Geu 1/147
Kongar
Kar 1/212
Geu 1/147
Keu-bh
Keu 4/234
Kork
Kerk/230
Kund
255
Keud
Keued/234
Korka
243
Kundos
Kund/ 2 55
Keued
234
Kormo
243
Kung
255
Keukl
235
Koro
244
Kungios
Kung/ 2 55
Keuk2
Geu 1/14 6
Koros
Koro/244
Kunki
Kung/ 2 55
Geu 1/147
Kost
245
Kunos
Keu 2/232
Keup
Geu 1/14 6
Kot
Ket/ 2 32
Kup1
256
Geu 1/147
Kou
Keu 3/233
Kup2
256
Khac
235
Kram
245
Kupriti
256
Khad
235
Kramati
Kr am/245
Kur
257
Khai
Ghei 1/153
Kred
Kerd 1/229
Kur
Ker 5/228
Khan
236
Krei
245
Kurb
Gurb/1 70
Kharpuna
Kreu
246
Kurkana
Kahrpu/204
Krk
Kerk/230
Kurkanu/ 2 57
Khei
Ghei 1/153
K.r.v
247
Kurkanu
257
Khitan
236
ICs
247
Kurkizannu 257
K.h.l
236
Ksei 1
248
Kuros
Keu 2/232
Ki 1
Kei 2/218
Ksei2
249
Kut
258
Ki 2
237
Ksei 3
249
Kut-no
Skeu 2/425
Kiel
Kei 1/217
Ksengio
Ghengh/157
Kuur
Keu 2/232
Kie2
Kei 2/218
Ksero
250
Ku-z-dho
Skeu 2/425
Kies
237
Kseubh
250
Kwal
Skwalo/428
Kiph
237
Kseud
250
Kwalo
Skwalo/428
KTru
238
KsTp
251
Kwalos
Skwalo/428
Kitintu
Kitu/ 238
KsTph
Ksip/251
Kwe
258
Kitu
238
Ksiptis
Ksip/251
Kwei 1
259
Kitunnu
Kitu/ 238
Ksiptom
Ksip/251
Kwei2
259
Klau
Kleu 2/241
KsTro
252
Kweit
Kuei/254
553
ROOTS
K - M
ROOT
Kwek
Kwel
Kwen 1
Kwen 2
Kwep
Kwer
Kwermi
Kwes
Kwetwer
Kweye
Kwi 1
Kwi2
K.w.n
Kwo
Kwoi
Kwon
Kwri
Kwsep
Kyo
La
Ladunu
Laio
LajTn
Lak
Lakat
Lakt
Lakti
Lai
Lang
Lap-aro
Laqalaqa
Layh
L.b.n
Kup
Page
260
260
2 61
2 61
2 62
2/256
2 62
2 63
Wer 2/514
Wer 2/515
2 64
2 65
266
Kwo/ 2 67
Kwe/258
266
267
Kwei 2/259
2 68
2 69
2 69
Ki 2/237
270
270
La/2 70
2 71
Lek/2 79
Lek/2 79
Lek/2 79
2 71
2 72
2 72
Lep/2 79
2 72
2 73
2 74
2 74
ROOT
Leb
Legwh
Lei
Lei
Leig
Leigh 1
Leigh 2
Leikw
Leip
Leith
Lek
Lek
Leng
Lengho
Lep
Lepos
Les
Lesa
Lesiom
Lesos
Letra
Letro
Letros
Leu
Leudh
Leuk
Leup
Leuqos
Liginnu
Ligittu
Lignu
Limu
Lithra
Ljakti
Loi
Loik
Long
Longos
Lrg
Lu
El
Page
2 74
2 75
2 75
3 /122
276
276
277
Leigh 2/277
2 78
2 78
2 78
279
Longos/284
Longos/284
279
Lep/2 79
279
Les/ 27 9
Les/ 27 9
Les/ 27 9
Letro/280
280
Letro/280
280
281
282
283
Leuk/282
Lignu/283
Lignu/283
283
Nimbu/336
284
Lakti/271
Lei/ 27 5
Uroiks/491
Longos/284
284
285
Leu/280
ROOT
Page
M
Ma
286
Mad
287
Madhaxa
287
Madika
Madhaxa/ 2 87
Maga
287
Maghl
288
Magh2
289
Maghos
289
Maghu
Maghos/289
MagsTsa
289
Mak
290
Mako
290
Mana
290
Mantellum 291
Mantil
Mantellum/ 291
Marega
291
Masakah
291
Masgda
292
Massa
M.s.s/313
Ma-ter
Ma/286
Mazaxa
Madhaxa/ 2 87
Mbh
Nobh/337
Mbhi
Ambhi/21
Me1
292
Me 2
293
294
Medhu
294
Medhyo
295
Meg
295
Megh
Meg/295
Mei 1
296
Mei2
296
Mei 3
297
Mei 4
297
Meig
298
Meigh 1
Meig/298
Meigh 2
Meig/298
554
ROOTS
M - N
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Meigw
Mei 3/297
Moiso
310
Nas
320
Meih
Mei 3/297
Mor-to
Mer 2/305
Nask
Naks/ 31 8
Meik
Meig/298
Mer 2/306
Nau
Na 1/316
Meit
299
Morui
Morwi/ 311
Naus
Na 1/316
Meith
Meit/ 299
Morwi
311
N.b.b
320
Mel 1
299
Moudh
311
Ndher
En/124
Mel 2
299
Moudhio
Moudh/ 311
Ndhi
En/124
Mel 3
300
Mozgho
Mozgo/312
Ndhos
En/124
Melg
300
Mozgo
312
Ne1
321
Melo
Mel 2/299
Mregu
312
322
Men 1
301
Mrgu
Mregu/ 312
Ne2
322
302
M.s.h
312
Nebh
323
Men 2
303
M.s.s
313
Ned
324
Men 3
303
Mu
313
Nedo
324
Menot
Me 2/293
Muk
314
Nei 1
325
Me 2/294
Mum
314
326
Menth
304
Mura
314
Nei2
326
304
MurvarTt
315
Nei 3
Ne 1/321
Mer 1
304
Mus
Mu/313
Ne 1/322
Mer2
305
M.v.t
315
Neia
Nei 2/326
306
Nek1
32 7
Mer 3
306
N
Nek 2
Neku/328
Mer-d
Mer 2/305
Neks
32 7
Mer 2/306
Na 1
316
Neku
328
Mereg
Merg/ 307
Na2
316
Nekw
Noktis/339
Merega
306
Nabatu
317
Nekwt
Noktis/339
Merg
307
Nabja
317
Nem 1
329
Mer-k
Mer 2/305
Nabtu
Nabatu/ 31 7
Nem2
329
Mer 2/306
Naema
317
Nemata 2
329
Merk
307
Naeza
318
Nembh
Nebh/323
Meth
Menth/ 30 4
Nagan
318
Nena
Nana/319
Meu 1
308
Nagan
Nagan/ '318
Nepot
330
Meu2
Mew/ 30 9
Naks
318
Neptis
Nepot/ 330
Meug
308
Namra
318
Ner1
331
Meuk
309
Nana
319
Ner2
332
309
Naptu
Nabatu/ 31 7
Nerq
Ner 2/332
Mew
309
Naranga
319
Nes 1
332
Mizdho
310
Narda
Nedo/324
Nes2
Ne 2/322
M.l.h
310
Narikelah
320
Neu
333
Moin
Mei 3/297
Narikerah
Na
rikelah/320
Neudh
Sneudh/432
555
ROOTS
N - P
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Newn
333
Op
344
Pekw
358
Newo
334
Opi
Epi/125
Pel 1
359
NT1
335
Opop
345
Pel 2
360
Ni 2
Nei 1/325
Or
Er 1/126
Pel 3
360
Nei 1/326
Er 1/127
Pele
361
NT 3
Nei 2/326
Orghi
345
Pelt
Pele/361
Nimata
Os
Ous 2/348
Pelu
Pel 1/359
Nemata 2/329
Ost
346
Pen
Spen/437
NTmbu
336
Ous 1
346
Pend
Spen/437
Nis
336
347
Penkwe
362
Nitiru
337
0us2
348
Pent
362
Nk
Neku/328
Ozdo
Ozgho/348
Per 1
363
Nobh
337
Ozgho
348
364
Nog
338
Per 2
365
Nogh
338
P
Per 3
366
Nogw
339
367
Noktis
339
Pa
349
Per 4
368
Nokut
Neku/328
350
Pera
Per 4/368
Nomn
340
Pag
Pak/350
Perk 1
368
Nor
340
Pais
Pis/ 374
Perk 2
369
Nu
Newo/334
Paita
Pele/361
Persna
369
N.w.r
341
Pak
350
Pesteno
369
Nyaka
341
Pambak
351
Pet 1
370
Nyaka
Nyika/341
ParTka
351
Pet 2
371
Parni
Parth/352
Peu
371
o
Parsa
352
Peua
Pii 4/378
Parth
352
Peud
371
Obhi
Ambhi/21
Parthava
Parth/352
Peue
Peu/ 371
Oies
342
Partia
Parth/352
Peuk
372
Okto
342
Parvan
353
PT
P6 2/374
Oku
343
Parvata
Parvan/353
Pikho
Piko/ 372
Okw
343
Pa-ter
Pa/349
Piko
3 72
Ol 1
Al 1/15
Pa/350
Pilo
373
OI2
Ul/487
Ped
353
Pin
373
Olena
El 3 /122
354
PippalT
373
Ombh
Nobh/ 337
Peg
355
Pis
374
Ombhro
Nebh/323
PeT
355
Pislos
Pilo/ 37 3
Ome
344
Peig
356
Pie
Pel 1/359
Ono
An 2/24
Pek
357
Pneu
Skeu 1/425
Onogh
Nogh/338
Peku
Pek/ 357
P6 1
Apo/29
55*
ROOTS
P - R
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Apo/30
Qem
Kara 2/207
Qwri
Kwri/2 69
P6 2
374
Qeque
Keku/219
Pod
Ped/353
Qer
Ker 3/227
R
Ped/354
Qeud
Keued/234
Poi
P6 2/374
Qhad
Khad/235
Raga
384
Poin
Spen/437
Qhar
Kar 1/212
Raga
Ra
ga/384
Pol
375
Qirbah
381
Ragamu
384
Porkwos
Pel 2/360
Qirrabah
Qirbah/ 381
Raika
385
Pos
375
Q.l.y
381
Raud
Ra
up/ 385
Poti
Pa/349
Qor
Ker 3/227
Raup
385
Pa/350
Qr
Ker 3/227
R.b.b
385
Potis
Pa/349
Qreu
Kreu/246
Re
Ere
1/127
Pa/350
Qreus
Kreu/246
Redh
386
Pou
376
Q.r.m
382
Reg1
387
PrT
377
Qrus
Kreu/246
Reg 2
Rek/390
Prs
377
Qruwes
Kreu/246
Reg 3
388
Pu 1
Peu/371
Qsei
Ksei 1/248
Regh
Redh/ 38 6
Pu2
378
Qseu
Kes 2/231
Rei
Leuc
ih/281
Pu3
Apo/29
Qseud
Kseud/250
Rei 1
389
Apo/30
Q.t.r
382
Rei 2
389
Pu4
378
Quatis
Kuatos/254
Reig
Rei
2/389
Pug
Peuk/372
Quatos
Kuatos/254
Rek
390
Puk
378
Que
Kwe/258
Rekp
Rei
2/389
Pulaka
379
Quomn
Kamma/208
Rekto
Reg
1/387
Pwt
379
Quoros
Kur/257
Rem
390
Quseros
Kar 1/212
Rep
391
Quseros
Sper/437
Ret
392
Q
Qusudros
Reu 1
393
Qa
Qam
Qand
Qap
Qar 1
Qar 2
Qau 1
Qau 2
Q.d.m
Qel
Qela
Qely
Ka 1/201
Kara 2/207
Kand 1/209
Kap/210
Kar 1/212
Kar 2/213
Kau/215
Kau 2/215
380
Kel 4/222
Q.l.y/381
Q.l.y/381
Qwe
Qwei
Qwek
Ksudros/252
Kwe/258
Kwei 1/259
Kwek/2 60
Reu 2
Reu 3
Reua
Reud 1
Reu
Reu
Reu
393
1/393
2/393
1/393
Qwel
Qwer
Qwetwor
Kwel/2 60
Kwel/2 61
Kwer/2 62
Kwer/2 63
Kwetwer/265
Reud 2 Reu
Reudh 1
Reudh 2 Reu
Reug
Reughmen
Reup Reu
2/393
394
2/393
394
394
2/393
Qweye
Qwi
Kweye/2 66
Kwei 1/259
Reuto
Rewe
395
395
557
ROOTS
R - S
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
R.f.a'
395
Se2
404
Shu-shu
Chou-shu/75
Rk-so
Rk-tho/396
Se3
404
ST1
Se 1/404
Rk-tho
396
Sed
405
ST 2
Se 2/404
Ros
Eres
1/130
406
ST 3
Sai 2/398
Routo
Reut
-.o/395
Sedu
406
Sindhu
Sy and/ 463
Ru 1
Reu
1/393
Segh
406
Sinkadrus
420
Ru2
Reu
2/393
Sei 1
Se
1/404
Skabh
420
Ru3
Re
we/395
Sei2
Se
2/404
Skaf
Sek/408
Rut
Reut
-.o/395
Sei 3
Sai
2/398
Sek/409
R.y.m
396
Seiku
407
Skai
421
R.z.m
397
Seikw
Seih
:u/407
Skaif
421
Seip
407
Skaip
Skaif/421
s
Sek
408
Skaivos
421
409
Skand
422
Sabatu
398
Seks
Sweb
is/ '4 60
Skand-sls
Skand/422
Sabha
Aba/4
Sekw
410
Skarna
Sukurna/458
Saen
Se
2/404
Selg
411
Sked 1
Sek/408
Saena-m
erega
Sem 1
411
Sek/409
Me ret
ja/306
412
Sked2
422
Sai 1
Se
1/404
Sem 2
413
Skei
Sek/408
Sai 2
398
Sema
413
Sek/409
Saka
399
Sen 1
413
Skel 1
423
Sakah
399
Sen 2
414
Skel2
Sek/408
Salamandra
399
Seni
Sen
2/414
Sek/409
Sali
399
Seno
Sen
1/413
Skend
Skand/422
SalTba
400
Septm
414
Skeng
423
Salla
400
Ser1
414
Skep
Sek/408
Sam
Sem
2/413
415
Sek/409
Samser
Sfsyr/419
Ser2
416
Skerl
424
Sarapu
400
Ser3
416
Sker2
Sek/408
Sarpu
Sarapu/400
Sera
Ser
3/416
Sek/409
Saus
401
Seu 1
417
Skeu 1
425
Sav 1
401
Seu2
418
Skeu2
425
Savah 1
Sav
1/401
Seu 3
418
Skeu 3
Keu 3/233
Savala
401
Seu 4
418
Skeud 1
426
Sawel
402
Sew
Seu
4/418
Skeud 2
Keued/234
403
S.f.f
419
Skhai
427
Say'
403
S.f.r
419
Skhed
Sek/408
S.d.a'
403
Sfsyr
419
Sek/409
Se1
404
S.h.r
420
Skou
Keu 3/233
55£
ROOTS
s - s
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Sku
Skeu 2/425
Sphelgher
l
Steu 2
452
Skur
Skeu 2/425
Spelgh/ 437
Stewe
452
Skwalo
428
Spher
440
Stha
Sta/444
Skwalos
Skwalo/428
Sphereg
Spereg/ 438
Sta/445
S.l.m
429
Spheud
Pe
jd/371
Stig
Steig/448
S.l.m
S.l.m/429
SphTeu
Spye
u/441
Stoigh
Steigh/449
Sm
Sem 1/411
Spinakion
440
Stomen
453
Sem 1/412
Spis
441
Stor
Ster 1/449
S.m.'a
430
Spongo
441
Str
Ster 1/449
Smeit
430
Spyeu
441
Su 1
454
Smelo
Mel 2/299
Sqand
Skar
d/422
455
Smer
Mer 1/304
Sqombh-no
456
Smerd
Mer 2/305
Kamma/208
Su2
457
Mer 2/306
S.r.b
442
Su3
Sawel/402
S.m.s
431
Sreno
442
Sawel/403
S.n/a
431
Sresk
442
Su4
Seu 3/418
Sna
431
Srgala
443
Sua
Kwon/2 68
Sneigwh
432
SrTra
443
SuTg
457
Sner
Ner 2/332
Srisa
443
Sukurna
458
Snerq
Ner 2/332
Srisna
Srisa/443
Sulaka
458
Sneu
Sai 2/398
Sru 3
443
Summaq
458
Sneu
Sai 2/398
Srva2
Sru
3/443
Sup 1
Swep/ 4 62
Sneudh
432
Sta
444
Sup 2
Kup 1/256
Snog
Nog/338
445
Surmenu
458
Snu
Sai 2/398
Stai 1
445
Sus
Saus/401
So
433
Stai 2
St
ei/447
Sutus
Seu 3/418
Soffeh
433
Stak
Sta/444
Svas
459
Soito
Se 1/404
Sta/445
Swad
459
Sol
434
Stebh
446
Swei
459
Solo
Sol/434
Steg
447
Sweib
Swei/459
Sophos
434
Stei
447
Sweid
4 60
Sosen
435
Steig
448
Sweks
4 60
Spek
436
Steigh
449
Swekwo
4 60
Spelgh
437
Stena
Ten
2/472
Swel 1
4 61
Spen
437
Ster 1
449
Swen
4 61
Sper
437
Ster2
450
Swep
4 62
Spereg
438
Ster 3
450
Swer
4 62
Spergh
Spereg/ 438
Ster 4
451
Wer 6/517
Sphallein
439
Sterp
Ster
3/450
S.x.r
4 63
Sphel
439
Steu 1
451
Syand
4 63
555
ROOTS
§ - v
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Sypsyr
Sfsyr/419
Tep
4 73
Twerk
485
Sypwr
4 63
Ter1
Ter 2
4 74
Tres/483
Twrk
Twerk/ 4 85
T
Ter 3
Terp
4 75
4 75
u
Tabaco
4 64
Ters
476
Ud 1
486
Taburak
4 64
Teter
476
Ud2
Wed/ 4 97
TafrTq
F.r.q/135
Teu 1
477
Wed/ 4 98
Tai
Stai 1/445
Teu2
Steu 2/452
Udero
487
Tal
4 65
Teub
4 78
Uedero
Udero/ 487
Talk
4 65
Teuk-os
Keku/219
Ues
Yu/538
Tannur
Tanur/ '4 66
Teup
Steu 2/452
ug
Aueg/4
Tanur
466
Teus
4 78
Ugw
Wegw/501
Tar
Ter 3/475
Tex
479
Uks
Wegw/501
Targumanu
Text
Tex/4 79
Uksen
Wegw/501
Ragamu/384
Tiegu
479
Ul
487
Ta>Tf
A' .r.f/33
Tien
480
Umm
488
Tartaros
466
Titi
480
Uog
Aueg/4
Tata
467
Titil
Titi/480
Upo
489
Taxi
467
Tkaesa
480
490
Taxlik
Taxi/ 4 67
T.L.S
480
Urdu
Urmak/ 4 91
Tebh
Teub/478
To
So/433
Urigh
490
Tebhos
Teub/478
Togei
Tokei/481
Urmak
491
Teg
Steg/447
Tokei
481
Uroiks
491
Teig
Steig/448
Tr
Ter 1/474
Urvan
491
Teks
Tex/4 79
Trei
481
Teku 1
4 68
Trenk
482
V
Teku2
Tex/4 79
Trep 1
482
Tekw
Teku 1/4 68
Trep2
Terp/ 4 75
Vaena 1
492
Tel
4 69
Tres
483
Vaena 1
Vaena 1/492
Tern
470
T.r.h
483
Vaidurya
Velur/ 4 94
Temar
470
Tronkus
Trenk/ 4 82
Var
492
Temp
Ten 1/471
Trp
Terp/ 4 75
Varaka
Ten 1/472
Tu
483
Varekahe/492
Ten 1
4 71
Tu
Tu/483
Varaza
492
4 72
Tuardo
484
Varekahe 492
Ten 2
4 72
Tu-kue
484
Vareta
493
Tengh
Ten 1/471
Tulupos
484
Vata
Bata/46
Ten 1/472
Turd
Tuardo/484
Vatin-ganah 493
Tenk
4 73
Turt
Tuardo/484
Velur
494
560
ROOTS
v - x
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Veluryia
Velur/494
Wei 1
509
Wes-no
Wes
5/522
Veno
Wes
5/522
Wei 2
510
Wesu
Su
1/454
Vesno
Wes
5/522
511
Su
1/455
Veso
Wes
5/522
Wei 3
511
Su
1/456
Vrsa
494
Wem
512
Wet
522
Vrsna
Vrsa/494
Wen
512
Wi
523
513
524
w
Wep
513
Wid
We
id/504
Weqw
Wekw/ 508
Win
Wo
in/525
Wa
Eu
1/132
Wer1
514
Wiros
Wei
2/503
Wag
Wegh/ 501
Wer2
514
Woid
We
id/504
Wag 2
495
515
Woin
525
Wai
495
Wer3
516
Wokso
Weg
1/499
W.a\m
495
Wer4
Wed/ 4 97
Worda
Wer
6/517
Waq
Wegh/ 501
Wed/ 4 98
Wordia
Wer
6/517
Was
Wes
1/520
Wer5
517
Wordos
Wer
6/517
We1
496
Wer6
517
Wos
Wes
1/520
We 2
Au 2/39
517
Wosos
Wes
1/520
Webh
497
Werb
Wer
2/514
Wrdho
526
Wed
497
Wer
2/515
Wreg 1
52 7
498
Werd
Wer
6/517
Wreg2
Wer
3/516
Wedh 1
498
Werdh
Ered/128
Wrei
Wer
2/514
Wedh2
499
Weredh
Ered/128
Wer
2/515
Weg 1
499
Weren
518
Wrg
Wer
3/516
Weg2
500
Werg 1
519
Wrod
Wrdho/ 52 6
Wegh
501
Werg2
Wer
3/516
W.s.m
52 7
Wego
501
Werg 3
Wer
2/514
Wegw
501
Wer
2/515
X
Wegwh
502
Wermi
Wer
2/514
Wei 1
502
Wer
2/515
Xac1
528
Wei 2
503
Werp
Wer
2/514
Xac2
Kh
ac/235
Weib
Weip/ 50 6
Wer
2/515
Xad
528
Weid
504
Wert
Wer
2/514
Xak
528
Weidh
505
Wer
2/515
Xalen
529
Weikl
505
Wes 1
520
Xartes
Cartes/74
Weik2
506
Wes 3
521
Xasta
Xad/528
Weip
506
Wes 4
521
Xsad
529
Weis
507
Wes 5
522
Xsaivan
Xsi
1/529
Wek
507
Wesa
Wes
1/520
Xsarta
529
Wekw
508
Wesn
Wes
5/522
XsT1
529
561
ROOTS
A - Z
ROOT
Page
'Xsnk
Xvaini
530
530
ROOT
Page
ROOT
Page
Z.n.y
541
Ya
531
Ya3
Yah 5/531
Yag
531
Yah 5
531
Yarah
532
Yasfa
532
Yasfeh
Yasfa/532
Yau
532
Yavarena
532
Yb
533
Yekwer
533
Yelek
Ijlak/196
Yem
534
Yes
534
Yeu 1
535
Yeu2
535
Yeu 3
536
Yeug
Yeu 1/535
Yewo
Ieuo/196
Y.m.n
537
Yos
538
Yu
538
Yuwn
Yeu 2/535
Yuwnkos
Yeu 2/535
Zarafah
539
Zausa
539
Zay
539
Z.b.d
540
Zgwes
Gwes/181
Z.h.k
540
Zi
Zay/539
Z.k.r
541
562
Akkadian
A - T
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Akkadian
Kitu
Kitunnu
Kitu/238
Kitu/238
Sedu Sedu/406
sesanu Sosen/435
A
Kupriti
Kupri ti/256
Surmenu
Kurkana
Surmenu/458
Agaru
Agaru/ 6
Kurkanu/ 2 57
A-gur-ru
Agurru/ 7
Kurkanu
T
Agurru
Agurru/ 7
Kurkanu/ 2 57
Asu
Asu /36
Kurkizan
nu
Targumanu
Kurkizannu/257
Ragamu/384
B
tinnura Tanur/466
L
tuppu Dub/ 111
bab-ilu
N.b.b/320
babu
N.b.b/320
Ladunu
Ladunu/ 270
baraqtu
B.r.q/71
Laqalaqa
Laqalaqa/272
D
Liginnu
Ligittu
Lignu/283
Lignu/283
Dayanu
Dinu/108
Lignu
Lignu/283
Denu
Dinu/108
DTnu
Dinu/108
M
duppu
Dub/ 111
manu
Mana/290
E
N
Erebu
Erebu/128
Nabatu
Nabatu/ 317
Nabtu
Nabatu/ 317
G
Naptu
Nabatu/ 317
Gassu
Gassu/138
I
nebaba
Nitiru
N.b.b/320
Nitiru/337
R
imbubu
N.b.b/320
Ragamu
Ragamu/384
K
s
Kanunu
Kanunu/ 21
karabu
B.r.k/71
Sabatu
Sabatu/398
KTru
Kiru/238
Sarapu
Sarapu/400
Kitintu
Kitu/238
Sarpu
Sarapu/400
563
Arabic
A - A
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Arabic
Ed/ 117
Su 1/455
alfesfeseh
Ekwos/121
amin
A.m.n/22
A
A.l.h
Layh/2 74
AmTr
A' .m.r/23
±.
al-iksir
Al 3/17
Amir al-bahr
ab
Ab 2/3
Ksero/250
Al 3/17
abara
A* .b.r/4
al-ithmud
Al 3/17
AmTr-al-bahr
ab-baha
Ab 1/2
AI-Jabr-w'al-Mo
A' .m.r/23
abboha
Ab 1/2
J.b.r/200
AmTr-ar-rahl
a\b.r
A* .b.r/4
al-jabr-w'a
1- m
A' .m.r/23
Abrahim
Ab 2/3
Al 3/17
amlaj
Amalaka/20
abu
Ab 2/3
al-kahl
Al 3/17
amm 1
A' .m.m/22
abu-araq
A.r.q/34
K.h. 1/236
amm 2
A' .m.m/22
Ab 2/3
al-kTmTya
Al 3/17
ammah
A' .m.m/22
abu-zma
Ab 2/3
al-kTmTya
a.m.n
A.m.n/22
Z.n.y/541
Kers 2/230
A'.m.r
A' .m.r/23
a.b.v
Ab 2/3
al-kimya
Gheu 1/162
A.n.b
A.n.b/ 2 5
adab
Dub/ 111
Kers 2/230
anbar
A.n.b/ 2 5
Adam
Adhamah/5
alkoul
K.h. 1/236
a\q.b
A' .q.b/30
afsantTn
Kwen 1/2 61
Al-lah
Al 3/17
a'qeb
A' .q.b/30
a'jara
Agaru/6
Layh/274
aqrab
A.q.r/31
ajur
Agurru/7
Allah
Layh/274
a>ab
A* .b.r/4
akvab
Geu 1/147
al-lazaward
Araq
A.r.q/34
AI3
Al 3/17
La j in/271
a\r.b
A* .b.r/4
al-ambTq
Ab 1/1
al-malagma Al 3/17
arbah
Ar/32
Nei 1/325
al-malagma
A\r.f
A' .r.f/33
al-anbTq
Ab 1/1
Mel 3/300
ankeh
Kei 4/219
Al 3/17
al-nil
Al 3/17
a.r.k
Kei 4/219
Nei 1/325
Nei 1/326
arobeh
Ar/32
al-a'sarah
Al 3/17
al-oud
Agaruh/6
A.r.q
A.r.q/34
A' .s.r/36
Al 3/17
a'sarah
A' .s.r/36
al-avara
Yarah/532
al-qadus
Al 3/17
asatTr
We id/504
al-badenjan Al 3/17
al-qasr
Kes 1/231
Asfar
S.f.r/419
Vat in
-ganah/493
al-qela
Al 3/17
as-har
S.h.r/420
al-bakrah
B.k.r/69
al-qTphal
asTr
Aidh/9
al-bTrquq
Al 3/17
Ghebh-el/152
A\s.r
A' .s.r/36
al-birquq
Pekw/358
al-qubbah
Al 3/17
as-sumut
Al 3/17
al-esfanj Spongo /441
Gabbah/136
Mei 3/297
al-faranji
al-XwarazmT
atlas
T.L.S/480
Frankon/134
Al 3/17
at-tannur
Tanur/4 66
al-fesfeseh
Al 3/17
Al-XwarazmT
'awar
*Awar/43
Ghdhem/150
564
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Arabic
A - H
Root/Page
'Awar 'Awar/43
'awanyah 'Awar/43
awja Ud 1/486
az-zarmx Al 3/17
Ghel/155
B
ba-bus
badenjan
Vati
badzahr
balaxs
balluth
balsam
barakat
bardaj
basam
bayt
bayzeh
bent
bezoar
bTkr
BilqTs
B.k.r
b.n.v
bolur
bouqceh
b.r.k
b.r.q
buq
burq
b.y.t
b.y.z
Pos/375
dabbur
daf
n-ganah/493
Gwhen 2/185
Apank/28
Balut/46
Busma/72
B.r.k/71
Vareta/493
Busma/72
B.y. t/73
B.y.z/73
B.n.v/70
Per 3/367
B.k.r/ 69
Pariki/351
B.k.r/ 69
B.n.v/70
Velur/494
Boqca/70
B.r.k/71
B.r.q/71
Beu 2/48
Bher 4/60
B.y. t/73
B.y.z/73
D
D.b.r/80
Deru 1 /91
Dub/ 111
daf tar Deph/88
dahr D.v.r/114
daTrah D.v.r/114
daqal Daqal/79
dar D.v.r/114
dar-as-sana'
D.v.r/114
S.n. 'a/431
darb Dhwer/106
dar-bezin
Kwetwer/265
Ped/354
dayn Dlnu/108
derham
Dr as soman/ 1 1
DTjIat
dm 1
dm 2
dTnar
dTwan
domal
dr-as-sana
durdi Tartaros/466
D.V.r D.v.r/114
dz.l.l D. 1.1/108
Stei<
Dheye/102
Dlnu/108
Dekm/84
Dub/ 111
Dumb/ 112
Al 3/17
E
eblis
Ed ns
eflas
-el
el
enjTI
eqlTd
eqlTm
esferaj
Eskandar
Eskander
Dwo/115
Gwel 1/176
Ner 1/331
Gwel 2/177
Layh/2 73
Layh/2 73
Agaru/6
Kleu 2/241
Klei/239
Spereg/438
Alek/19
Ner 1/331
eskeleh Skand/422
esrag Clrag/75
estoqos Steigh/449
fals
Gwel 2/177
falsafah
Bhili/66
Sophos/434
faranji
Frankon/134
felfel
Pippali/373
flus
Gwel 2/177
fostoq
Bistak/69
F.r.q
F.r.q/ 135
fustug
Bistak/69
gala
G.v. 1/171
garbala
Sek/409
gharraf
Gh.r.f/165
Ghazal
G.z. 1/188
Gh.r.f
Gh.r.f/165
g.r.b
Erebu/128
gul
G.v. 1/171
G.z.l
G.z. 1/188
H
habl
Habl/ 189
Hannaneh
H.n.n/191
haram
H.r.m/192
harem
H.r.m/192
harTm
H.r.m/192
Hasan
H.s.n/192
HasasTn
H.s.s/193
hasTs
H.s.s/193
hawwa
H.y.y/193
hayat
H.y.y/193
h.j.r
H.j.r/190
565
Arabic
H - M
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
H.n.n
horba
Hosayn
hosn
H.s.n
H.s.s
hur
h.y.y
iblis
ibn
ifnt
H.n.n/191
Sawel/402
H.s.n/192
H.s.n/192
H.s.n/192
H.s.s/193
Leudh/281
Su 1/454
H.y.y/193
I
Dwo/115
Gwel 1/176
B.n.v/70
Apo/29
Pr -1/377
H.r.m/192
A.m.n/22
ihram
iman
isbanax
Spinaki on/440
Islam S.l.m/429
Ismail S.m. 'a/430
jabal
Jabal-al
jabal-al-
jabsTn
jafsTn
jah
jaleco
Jamal
jarrah
jaselTq
jass
jaurab
J.b.l /199
Tariq
Al 3/17
tariq
J.b.l /199
Gassu/138
Gassu/138
Gwa/1 72
Ijlak/196
Jamal/ 198
K.r.v/247
Sol/434
Gassu/138
Gurb/1 70
jaurb
J.b.b
j.b.l
J.b.r
JebraTI
jenazeh
j.n.z
Jonah
j.r.b
julab
Gurb/1 70
J.b.b/ 198
J.b.l /199
J.b.r/200
J.b.r/200
Gzn/188
Gzn/188
Nek 1/327
Gurb/1 70
Wrdho/52 6
K
K.a' .b/201
Gwhedh/182
Karpurah/213
K.h. 1/236
Kak 4/205
Kel 3/221
Gzn/188
K.a\b
kada
kafur
kahhal
ka'k
kanTseh
kanz
karantTna
Kwetwer/265
karbas Karpasah/213
karkadan
Kurkizannu/257
B.r.k/71
Kel 5/222
K.h. 1/236
Kupri ti/256
Kel 3/221
Geu 1/147
K.h. 1/236
K.r.v/247
Kurkanu/257
Leigh 2/277
K.r.v/247
karubiyy
ka's
K.h. I
kibrit
k.n.s
koab
kohl
koreh
korkom
kosuf
K.r.v
kuffyyah
Ghebh-el/152
k.W.n K.w.n/266
laban
L.b.n/274
lajj
Alek/19
Reg 3/388
\a\
Lai/ 2 72
laqan
Lignu/283
laqlaq
Laqalaqa/272
laqlaqeh
Laqalaqa/272
laylak
l.b.n
ITmah
ITtr
luban
Nei 1/326
L.b.n/2 74
Nimbu/336
Lithra/284
L.b.n/2 74
luban jaw? L.b.n/274
M
ma'da Mei 1/296
madTneh Dlnu/108
magreb Erebu/128
Magreb al aqsa
Erebu/128
majus Maghl/288
manareh N.w.r/341
mandTI
Mantellum/291
maot M.v.t/315
maqalTd Kleu 2/241
Marakes Erebu/128
mardjan
Murvarit/315
marqasTtha
Magsisa/289
Maryam R.y.m/396
masaha M.s.h/312
masahat M.s.h/312
MasTh M.s.h/312
masjed Masgda/292
Massa M.s.s/313
Arabic
M - S
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
mastakT
Menth/304
o
qirat
Ker 1/22 6
masxarah
matmurah
matrah
S.x.r/463
Temar/470
T.r.h/483
oqyanus
osqof
ostureh
Keanos/21 6
Oku/343
Epi/125
Spek/436
We id/504
Qirbah
qirmiz
Qirrabah
Qirbah/381
Gene 1/141
Qirbah/381
maxazin
maxzan
maymun
Gzn/188
Gzn/188
Y.m.n/537
qTtar
q.l.b
Ten 1/471
Trei/481
Ku 1/253
meqlad
Kleu 2/241
Ped/354
milh
M.l.h/ 310
Q
Q.l.y
Q.l.y/381
miqrameh
Q.r.m/382
q.n.v
Gwhen 1/184
m.l.h
M.l.h/ 310
qabbah
Gabbah/136
Q.r.m
Q.r.m/382
mofles
Gwel 2/177
qaftan
Kaftan/203
Q.t.r
Q. t.r/382
Moharram
qahwah
Kaffa/203
qutun
Kitu/238
H.r.m/192
qalam
Kolemos/242
motebalver
qalib
Ku 1/253
R
Velur/494
qalib
Ped/354
mousim
W.s.m/527
qamTs
Kern 2/223
rafu
R.f.a'/395
mozavver
Ghuel/166
qanah
Gwhen 1/184
raonaq
Leudh/281
mozhek
Z.h.k/540
qanat
Gwhen 1/184
Nei 1/325
M.s.s
M.s.s/313
qandat
Gwhen 1/182
rati
Lithra/284
mumTya
Mum/314
qandTI
Kand 1/209
rauza
Leudh/281
M.v.t
M.v. t/315
qanun
Gwhen 1/184
Ser 1/415
qarantmc
i
ravaj
Rep/ 3 91
N
Kwetwer/265
razeqT
Ragi/384
-
qarn
Gher 1/158
r.b.b
R.b.b/385
naft
Nabatu/317
qaysar
Skhai/427
rezmeh
R.z.m/397
naker
Ne 1/321
qaz
Kaz/216
rezq
Leuk/282
namareq
Namra/318
q.b.b
Gabbah/136
r.f.a'
R.f.a'/395
namraq
Namra/318
q.d.m
Q.d.m/380
r.y.m
R.y.m/396
namus
Nem 1/329
qeetarah
Trei/481
R.z.m
R.z.m/397
nar
N.w.r/341
Qela
Q.l.y/381
naranj Naranga/319
Qely
Q.l.y/381
s
nard
Nedo/324
qentar
Dekm/85
nasx
Ned/ 32 4
qermez
Wer 2/515
saboun
Seip/4 07
natrun
Nitiru/337
qertas
Cartes/74
safan
Ghei 2/154
navus
Nes 1/332
qest
Yeu 1/535
safara
Keu 2/232
n.k.r
Ne 1/321
q eta rah
Ten 1/471
saffa
S.f.f/419
nomreh
Nem 1/329
qTphaleh
saffneh
Ghei 2/154
nur
N.w.r/341
Ghebh-el/152
safra
S.f.r/419
qTr
Kiru/238
safsatah
Sophos/434
567
Arabic
S - Y
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
sahra
S.h.r/420
S.n/a
S.n. 'a/431
t.m.r
Temar/470
saj
Sakah/399
soda'
S.d.aV403
torrahat
Ret/392
sal
Savala/401
Soffeh
Soffeh/433
T.r.h
T.r.h/483
salam
S.l.m/429
soq
Teub/478
tufan
Dheu 2/100
salTb
Saliba/400
soradeq
Ter 1/474
Salla
Salla/400
spanaj Spinaki on/440
u
samandar
S.r.b
S.r.b/442
Salamandra /399
s.r.f
Sarapu/400
umm
Umm/ 4 88
samfa
S.m. 'a/430
sukkar
Korka/243
umme-g'
Ian Umm/ 4 88
sams
S.m.s/431
summaq
Summaq/ '458
G.v. 1/171
samt
Mei 3/297
S.x.r
S.x.r/463
sanj
Geu 1/147
s.y.f
Kiph/237
V
Keg/ 21 7
santTr
Pol /375
T
vazTr
Wi/523
sarab
S.r.b/442
sarad
Ghlad/163
tabalvor
Velur/494
w
sarq
Cirag/75
tabbal
Taburak/464
sarqTyTn
Cirag/75
tabul
Taburak/464
wasama
W.s.m/ 527
sarraf
Sarapu/400
TafrTq
F.r.q/135
wazu
Asu /36
sarv
Surmenu/458
talq
Talk/ 4 65
wodu
Asu /36
satl
Se 3/404
tamaddon Dinu/108
W.s.m
W.s.m/ 527
sausan
Sosen/435
tanbur
Taburak/464
w.z.a'
Asu /36
Say'
Say'/403
tannur
Tanur/466
sayf
Kiph/237
tar
Kiru/238
X
s.b.t
Sabatu/398
tarax-saquq
S.d.a'
S.d.aV403
Taxi/ 4 67
xalanj
Kulanja/255
sefr
Keu 2/232
tar-bus
Pos/375
xalanjan
Kulanja/255
sejell
Sekw/410
tardjama
Ragamu/384
xan
Khan/236
sendarus
Kand 1/209
tarh
T.r.h/483
xandaq
Gwhen 1/183
serat
Ster 1/449
Ta>Tf
A' .r.f/33
xTyal
Ghel/156
seytan
Sedu/406
tarjama
Ragamu/384
xosuf
Leigh 2/277
S.f.r
S.f.r/419
tarteer Tartaros/466
x.z.n
Gzn/188
S.h.r
S.h.r/420
tarxun
Derk/90
siff
S.f.f/419
taslTm
S.l.m/429
Y
sifr
Keu 2/232
taw'am
W.a* .m/495
sijjTI
Ak/12
tawoos
Tokei/481
Ya-Hasa
n! Ya-Ho
sTma
Dheye/102
tazvTr
Ghuel/166
H.s.n/192
siqillat
Sekw/410
temara
Temar/470
yamTn
Y.m.n/537
sTraj
Cirag/75
thwr
Teu 1/477
Ya'qub
A' .q.b/30
s.j.d
Masgda/292
T.L.S
T.L.S/480
yaqut
Hyakinthos/193
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Arabic
Y - Z
Root/Page
yasb Yasfa/532
yawm-ed-dm
Dinu/108
Yemen Y.m.n/537
zabad
Z.b.d/540
zabad
Z.b.d/540
za'faran
S.f.r/419
zahika
Z.h.k/540
ZakarTa
Z.k.r/541
zaman
Gwa/1 72
zanzabTI
Ker 1/22 6
Zarafah
Zarafah/539
zard
Ghlad/163
zarrad
Ghlad/163
zawj
Yeu 1/535
Z.b.d
Z.b.d/540
z.b.n
D.b.r/80
z.h.k
Z.h.k/540
zTbaq
Gwei/175
zTna
Z.n.y/ 541
z.k.r
Z.k.r/541
Z.I.I
D. 1.1/108
Z.n.y
Z.n.y/ 541
zobd
Z.b.d/540
zobdeh
Z.b.d/540
zunbur
D.b.r/80
zur
Ghuel/166
Aramaic
A - T
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Aramaic
K
R
Kak 4
Kak 4/205
rabb
R.b.b/385
A
kenusta
Kel 3/221
A-gur-ru
Agurru
Agurru/ 7
Agurru/ 7
kittuna
K.n.s
K.n.s
Kitu/238
Kel 3/221
Kel 3/221
SalTba
s
Saliba/400
kubnta
Kupri ti/256
sarwaina
B
kurkema
Surmenu/458
bambak
Besma
bucina
Busma
Pambak/351
Busma/72
Beu 2/48
Busma/72
lagTna
lakan
Kurkanu/257
L
Lignu/283
Lignu/283
satan
seda
surbTna
susan
Sypwr
Sedu/406
Sedu/406
Surmenu/458
Sosen/435
Sypwr/4 63
D
laqna
Lignu/283
T
dappa
dm
dup
Dub/ 111
Dinu/108
Dub/ 111
MagsTsa
M
tausa Tdkei/481
Temar Temar/470
turgemana
Magsisa/289
Ragamu/384
G
Maryam
R.y.m/396
Masgda
Masgda/292
Gag
Kak 4/205
medhmah Dlnu/108
gubnta
Kupri ti/256
H
N
nafta
Nabatu/317
Habl
Habl/ 18 9
I
P
p-ila
Yb/533
Ibhray
A* .b.r/4
pTIa
Yb/533
israta
Ster 1/449
J
pula
Yb/533
Q
Jabra
J.b.r
J.b.r/200
J.b.r/200
qTra
Kiru/238
570
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Armenian
B - X
WORD Root/Page
Armenian
B
ba Bhe/53
biur Byurru/73
catvar Kwetwer/265
cec Kies/237
jag
lat
Ghaido/141
K
kakgi
Gogel/168
kawsik
Kafs/203
Khac
Khac/235
kncirn
Kung/255
kord
Gurdos/170
kov
Teub/478
kund
Kund/ 2 55
kunt
Kund/ 2 55
Lek/2 79
M
maccum Mad/28 7
mastu Mad/287
N
nran
nurn
Nor/ 34
Nor/ 34
talauar
Xac2
xord
Tal/4 65
X
Khac/235
Ksudros/252
571
Avestan
A - A
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Avpstai
a-fn-nami
Apo/29
aiwi-axsi
Okw/343
xn t V/kj^4*
a-fn-nami
Pri/377
aiwi-fsan
Ambhi/21
A
a-fritan
Apo/29
Fsan/135
Jr^
afritan
Pri/377
aiwi-gaiti
Gwa/1 73
a 1
Apo/29
aga
Agh/7
aiwi-gnixta
Ghen/157
a- 2
Ne 1/321
a-gam
Apo/29
aiwi-grad-mahi
a- 2
Ne 1/321
a-gam
Gwa/1 72
Gredh/1 69
a-aiti
Ei/118
a-gand Gwhen 1/184
aiwi-kand
Ambhi/21
ab
Ap 2/28
a-gara-yeiti
Gwhen 1/184
a-bereg
Bhergh/62
Ger 3/145
aiwi-raocya
abhi-cana
Ak/13
ago
Agh/7
Leuk/282
abi
Ambhi/21
ah
Ous 2/348
aiwi-reg
Ambhi/21
abi-af
Ap 2/28
ahita
Ahu/8
Reg 1/387
abi-ap
Ap 2/28
ahma
Ne 2/322
aiwi-ruc
Ambhi/21
abi-cana
Ak/13
ahmaka
Ne 2/322
aiwis
Ambhi/21
abi-dasta
Ambhi/21
ahmi
Es 2/131
aiwi-saoka
Ambhi/21
Ghesto/161
ahra-manyu Ens/125
Keuk 1/235
adaiti
Ed/ 117
Ahu
Ahu/8
aiwi-sara
Ambhi/21
adam
Eg/ 118
ahu
An 1/24
aiwi-sara
Ambhi/21
a-dasta
Ambhi/21
ahura
An 1/24
aiwis-kar
Ambhi/21
adi-sta
Sta/444
ahura-mazdha
Kwer/2 62
adi-var
Wei 1/509
An 1/24
aiwis-tap
Ambhi/21
a-dsta
Ambhi/21
Dhe 2/94
Tep/4 73
Ghesto/161
Men 1/302
aiwi-zavayeiti
aeiti
Ei/118
ahva
An 1/24
Ambhi/21
aesa 1
Aik/10
aibi
Ambhi/21
Geu 2/147
aesa 2
Oies/342
aimya
An 2/24
aiz-ma
Me 2/293
aes-ma
Eis 1/119
aipi
Epi/125
ajras
Ag/5
aes-ma
Eis 1/119
aipi-areta
Ar/31
aka
Ang/2 6
aesmo
Aidh/9
Epi/125
a-kand
Apo/29
aeta
Ai/8
airime
Rem/ 3 90
Gwhen 1/184
aeta-vant
I 2/194
airiyava
Al 1/15
a-karana
Ne 1/321
aeva
I 2/195
airya-man
Al 1/15
Sker 1/424
aeva
I 2/195
aiti 1
Eti/132
a-kasat
Kwek/2 60
aeva-dasa
Dekm/84
aiti 2
Ei/118
ama
Ome/344
I 2/195
aiva
I 2/195
a-mar
Mer 1/304
aeva-data
I 2/195
aiva-ciy
I 2/195
a-marz
Mel g/ 300
aexa
Eis 2/120
aivaka
I 2/195
amasa
Mer 2/305
af
Ap 2/28
aiwi
Ambhi/21
a-maux-ta
Meug/308
afnah
Op/ 34 4
aiwi-axs
Ambhi/21
a-mayava
Moudh/311
572
Avestan
A - A
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
ama-yava
Ome/344
anuv
An 3/25
apiy
Epi/125
a-mereta
Mer 2/305
anya
An 2/24
api-zawar
Geu 2/147
a-muyamno Mew/309
aoda
Wed/ 4 97
apo-had
Sed/405
Ne 1/321
aog
Wegwh/502
ap-tab
Tep/4 73
an-
Ne 1/321
aogah
Aueg/4
a-puthra-tanu
ana
An 3/25
aogeda
Wegwh/502
Pou/376
an-ahita
Ahu/8
aoj
Wegwh/502
Ten 1/472
Ne 1/321
aojah
Aueg/4
ar
Er 1/126
an-aosa
Ne 1/321
aojaiti
Wegwh/502
a-rad
Apo/29
Ous 1/346
aora
Au 2/39
Ar/31
anda
Andho/25
aosta
Ous 2/348
aradra
Ar/31
ando
Andho/25
aostra
Ous 2/348
araeka
Er 1/126
ang
Embhi/123
aothra
Wes 3/521
a-raiti 1
Apo/29
angra
Ens/125
aox
Wegwh/502
Ar/31
angra-manyu
aoxia
Wegwh/502
a-raiti 2
Rei 1/389
Ens/125
ap
Ab 1/1
aram
Ar/32
Men 1/301
Ab 1/2
arante
Ar/32
angu
Embhi/123
ap 1
Ap 2/28
aranu
Er 1/126
angu-paena
ap2
Apo/29
a-ras-
Ar/31
Embhi/123
apa
Apo/29
araska
Eres 1/130
Pei/355
apa-dana
Apo/29
arata
Ar/31
angusta
Ang/ 2 6
Dhe 2/94
arati
Er 1/126
anhu
An 1/24
apa-kava
Geu 1/147
a-raw
Leu/280
anhuyat-haca
apama
Apo/29
a-raxsa
Leuk/282
An 1/24
apa-namaiti
arazi
Orghi/345
anku
Ang/ 2 6
Nem 2/329
a red a
Ere 1/127
anra
Ens/125
Apank
Apank/ 2 8
aredha
Ere 1/127
anra-mainyu Ens/125
apa-nyaka
Nyaka/341
arej
Algwh/20
Men 1/301
a-part
Apo/29
arejah
Algwh/20
ans-ra
Ens/125
Per 3/366
arejat-aspa Algwh/20
ans-tha
Ens/125
apa-spar
Apo/29
Ekwos/121
an-tar
En/124
Spher/44
arem
Ar/32
antara
En/124
apatama
Apo/29
aresa
Rk-tho/396
antara-vayu
apa-vasta
Wes 3/521
aresa-ama
We 1/496
ap-avaya
Aw/43
Rk-tho/396
an-tare
En/124
apa-xsad-a Xsad/529
areta
Ar/31
anu
An 3/25
apa-xsTra
Ksiro/252
arethna
El 3 /122
anu-i
An 3/25
apaya
Epi/125
ari
Er 1/126
an-usant
Ne 1/321
apayeiti
Ap 2/28
arika
Er 1/126
Wek/507
ape
Epi/125
arsa-ama
Ome/344
573
Avestan
A - A
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
arsan Eres 1/130
asenga
Ak/12
asvan
Ar/31
arsan-aspa
asi
Okw/343
a-sya
Kweye/2 66
Ekwos/121
as-isto
Isto/197
asya
Oku/343
Eres 1/130
Oku/343
a-tara
I 2/194
arsti Eres 2/131
as-man
Ak/12
atars
Ater/37
arsti-bara
Men 1/301
athagaina
Ak/12
Eres 2/131
as-mana
Ak/12
athanga
Ak/12
arta 1
Al 2/16
asna
Sed/405
athangaina
Ak/12
arta2
Ar/31
asnaoiti
Sed/405
a-thax
Ten 1/471
arta-aran
Ar/31
asnaoti
Neku/328
athoya
Atos/38
arta-pa
Ar/31
aspa
Ekwos/121
athra
Ater/37
arta-vah-ista
Ar/31
aspa-asa
Ed/ 117
athur-pat-gan Pa/349
Isto/197
Ekwos/121
athwya
Atos/38
arta-xsathra
Ar/31
aspa-bara
Bher 1/58
atra-saoka
arta-xsatra
Ekwos/121
Keuk 1/235
Ksei 1/248
aspa-canah Ka 1/201
at-zur
I 2/194
artha
Er 1/126
Aspadana
Kwon/2 68
auruma
Er 1/126
artha-vahista
a-speren-ah
aurusa
El 2/122
Su 1/456
Spereg/438
aurva
Er 1/126
a-ru-ta
Leu/280
a-sperez-ata
aurvant
Er 1/126
arva
Akwa/14
Spereg/438
aurvat-aspa
arva
Akwa/14
as-ra
Ens/125
Ekwos/121
as 1
Ak/12
asraka
Akru/14
Er 1/126
asa 1
Ed/ 117
asru
Akru/14
ava 1
Au 2/39
asa 1
Al 2/16
ast
Ost/346
ava 2
I 2/195
asa 2
Neku/328
asta 1
Ens/125
a-vac
Wekw/508
asa 3
Ar/31
asta2
Nes 1/332
ava-hya
So/433
asa-gerd
Sekw/410
asta 3
Okto/342
ava-par
Au 2/39
asan
Ak/12
asta-dasa
Okto/342
Pel 1/359
Ak/12
astai
Ens/125
ava-pat
Au 2/39
asanam
Ak/13
asta-iti
Dekm/84
Pet 1/370
asa-vah-ista
astaiti
Okto/342
avara
Au 2/39
Isto/197
a-stana
Sta/444
avara-sad
Au 2/39
asa-vahista
Ar/31
astati
Okto/342
Sed/405
Su 1/456
asti
Es 2/131
a-vare
Apo/29
asa-van
Ar/31
astra 1
Ag/5
a-vareta
Wer 2/515
asaya
Skai/421
astra 2
Eres 2/131
ava-stata
Sta/444
asaya
Ag/5
asu
Oku/343
avaya
Aw/43
asca
Ost/346
a-sur
Keu 4/234
a-vayeiti
Aw/43
ascu
Ost/346
Ne 1/321
ava-zazami
Ghe 1/151
574
Avestan
A - B
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
avis
Ous 1/346
a-zata 1
Gene 1/141
bara-s-man Bhel/54
avisiya
Ous 1/346
a-za-ta 2
barasnav
Bhel/54
avo-xvarena
Gwhen 2/185
barazis
Bhel/54
Swel 1/4 61
azda
Me 2/294
bares
Bhergh/62
avoya
Wai/495
azem
Eg/ 118
baresa
Bhergh/62
awa
So/433
azi
Angwhi/2 7
barez
Bhel/54
a warn
So/433
azi-dahako Angwhi/2 7
bars
Bhergh/62
awar
Nebh/323
a-zTra
Gwei/175
barz-ahva
An 1/24
awis-mar
Mer 2/305
azutay
Gheu 1/162
Bhergh/62
awra
Nebh/323
barzman
Bhergh/62
awrem
Nebh/323
B
basta
Bhendh/57
a-xsae-na
baud-a
Bheudh/65
Ksei 2/249
ba
Bha 1/49
bav
Bheu 3/64
Ne 1/321
Bhe/53
bawraini
Bher 4/60
a-xsaub-a
badra
Bhad/50
bawri
Bher 4/60
Kseubh/250
baesaza
Bha 2/50
baxadra
Bhag/51
axsi
Okw/343
baevar
Byurru/73
bax-ta
Bhag/51
a-x-sta
Sta/444
baevare
Byurru/73
baxto-datc
Bhag/51
axstT
Sta/444
baevare-
aspa
bay
Bhoi/67
a-xsuf-ta
Kseubh/250
Ekwos/121
bazah
Bhengh/58
axva
An 1/24
baga
Bhag/51
bazau
Bhaghu /52
a-xvasta
Svas/459
baga
Bhag/52
Bazda
Bazda/ 47
ay
Ai w/1 1
baga
Bhag/51
bazu
Bhaghu /52
aya
Leu/280
baga-dugdar Bhag/51
be
Bhe/53
ayah
Aios/10
baga-dugdar
bet
Bhe/53
ayanh
Aios/10
Dheugh/101
bereg
Bhergh/62
aya re
Ayer/44
baga-puthra Bhag/51
Berenza
Berenza/ 4 7
ayo
Aios/10
Pou/376
berez 1
Bhergh/62
ayu
Ai w/1 1
bama
Bha 1/49
berez 2
Mregu/312
az
Ag/5
bamya
Bha 1/49
berezant
Bhergh/62
a-za
Ghe 1/151
ban
Bhen/56
berez-caxra
azaehe
Angh/27
banay
Bhen/56
Mregu/312
azaiti
Ag/5
banda
Bhendh/57
berezi
Bhergh/62
a-zar
Gher 1/158
banta
Bhen/56
berezra
Bhergh/62
azara
Gher 1/158
baodhi
Bheudh/65
bhayaka
Bhoi/67
a-zarema
-dugeda
baog
Bheug/65
bis
Dwo/115
Ger 2/144
baoidi
Bheudh/65
bisazka
Bha 2/50
Ne 1/321
baoxtar
Bheug/65
bowra
Bher 4/60
Dheugh/101
bar
Bher 1/58
bra-tar
Ter 3/475
a-zasta
Gwhedh/182
baraiti
Bher 1/58
bratar
Bher 1/59
575
Avestan
B - D
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
bray
Bher 3/60
car
Kwel/2 60
da 3
Dheye/102
braz
Bhereg/61
cara
Kwer/2 63
da 4
Do 2/109
brTzi
Urigh/490
careman
Sek/408
-da 5
De 2/80
brvat
Bhru 1/67
Carya
Cirya/76
da-dhmainya Dhem/97
bucahin
Beu 1/48
cas
Kwek/2 60
daeman
Dheye/102
buiti
Bheu 3/64
cas
Kwek/2 60
daena
Dheye/102
buiti daevo
casman
Kwek/2 60
daenu
Dhe 1 /93
Bheu 3/64
cat
Gwhen 1/183
daes
Deik/82
buiti-kata
Bheu 3/64
catvare-sat Dekm/84
daev
Dei/81
Ket/232
catwarao
daevoh
Dei/81
bum?
Bheu 3/64
Kwetwer/265
daeza
Dheigh/96
bumT-mathan
caxra
Kwel/2 60
daga
Dhogh/104
Bheu 3/64
caxra
Kwel/2 60
dagah
Dhogh/104
buna
Bhun/68
cay
Kwei 2/259
dahyu
Dhis/103
bunja
Bheug/65
caya
Skai/421
dai
Dheye/102
buno
Bhun/68
cayeiti
Kwei 2/259
dainhu
Dhis/103
busyant
Bheu 3/64
cec
Kwo/2 67
dais
Dheye/102
busyeity
Bheu 3/64
cevTsT
Keu 3/233
daitika
Denk/87
buta
Bheu 3/64
chvant
Kwo/2 67
daivis
Da 1/78
buxti
Beu 1/48
cT1
Kwei 2/259
dam
Dhem/97
buza
Bhugo/68
cT2
Kwo/2 67
daman 1
Dema/87
buza
Bhugo/68
cinah
Ka 1/201
daman 2
Dhe 2/94
cinman
Ka 1/201
dan
Gno/168
c
cinvaiti
Kwei 2/259
dana
Gno/168
Cirya
Cirya/76
Danavo
Da 2/79
c-
Kwo/2 67
Cirya
Cirya/76
danaxe
Dhe 1 /93
ca
Kwe/258
cis2
Kwo/2 67
dano
Dhe 1 /93
ca
Kwe/258
cis-ca 1
Kwe/258
danta
Denk/87
cagad
Kak 1/204
cis-ca 2
Kwo/2 67
danu
Da 2/79
cageman
Kak 1/204
cisti
Kwei 1/259
danuva
Da 2/79
cagvah
Kak 1/204
cit
Kwo/2 67
daos
Dous/110
ca-hya
Kwo/2 67
cit 1
Kwe/258
daos-ahva
An 1/24
Cairya
Cirya/76
citha
Kwei 1/259
Dus/113
caiti
Kwo/2 67
citra
Skai/421
dao-satara
Deu 1/92
cakra
Kwel/2 60
cu
Kwo/2 67
dar 1
Der 1/89
cakus
Keku/219
dar2
Dher 1/98
cana
Ak/13
D
daraga
Del/86
canah
Ka 1/201
daraga
Del/86
cang
Keg/ 21 7
da 1
Dhe 2/94
darayat-vahu
car
Kwel/2 60
da 2
Dhe 2/94
Su 1/456
57(
Avestan
D - D
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
daraya-vaus
derezda
Deru 1 /91
dus-daena
Dus/ 113
Su 1/456
dhana
Dhe 2/94
dus-haem
Dus/ 113
darena
Der 1/89
dT
Dheye/102
dus-kareta
Dus/ 113
dareta
Der 1/89
dim
De 2/80
dus-manah
Dus/ 113
dars
Dhars/93
dit
De 2/80
Men 1/301
darsam
Dhars/93
dr
Dher 1/98
dus-nama
Dus/ 113
darug
Deru 1 /91
drafsa
Der 1/89
dus-naman
Nomn/34
dasa
Dekm/84
drafsa
Ksei 2/249
dus-pithwa
Dus/ 113
dasina
Dek/83
drafso
Der 1/89
Pel/355
dasta
Ghesto/161
dragvant
dus-uxta
Dus/ 113
dasta-karta
Dhreugh/1 05
Wegwh/502
Ghesto/161
drajah
Del/86
dus-vare
Bher 1/58
data 1
Dhe 2/94
drang
Del/86
dus-vare
Dus/ 113
data 2
Do 2/109
draoga
Dhreugh/1 05
dus-xv-athra Dus/ 11 3
data 3
Dhe 2/94
draonah
Der 2 /90
dus-yata
Dus/ 113
datar
Do 2/109
drauga
Dhreugh/1 05
duva
Dwo/115
dathra
Do 2/109
draxta
Deru 1 /91
duva-dasa
Dwo/115
dathus
Do 2/109
dregu
Dregh/110
duva-ista
Deu 2/92
dato
Dhe 2/94
drigu
Dregh/110
Isto/197
dato-vare
Dhe 2/94
driwi 1
Dher 2/99
duvara
Dhwer/106
dauru
Deru 1 /91
driwi 2
Dregh/110
duvitya-kara Dwo/115
dausa
Deu 1/92
dru
Deru 1 /91
duye-saite
Dekm/85
daus-sravah
druw-ista
duz
Dus/ 113
Kleu 1/240
Deru 1 /91
duz-aka
Ang/26
daustar
Geus/148
Isto/197
Dus/ 113
dav 1
Dheu 2/100
drva
Deru 1 /91
duz-athra
Dus/ 113
dav2
Dheu 3 /1 01
drva-asti
Deru 1 /91
duz-axva
Dus/ 113
daw
Dheu 1/99
drvant
Dhreugh/1 05
duzdao
Dus/ 113
daxma
Dhogh/104
du
Dheu 3 /101
duz-ita
Ei/118
daxs 1
Dek/83
dug-dar
Ter 3/475
dva
Dwo/115
daxs 2
Dhogh/104
dugdar
Dheugh/101
dvaes
Dwei/114
daxsa
Dhogh/104
dugeda
Dheugh/101
dvaetha
Dwei/114
daxsta
Dek/83
duma
Dumb/ 112
dvaidi 1 i
Dheu 2/100
day
Dheye/102
dura
Deu 2/92
dvaidi 2 j
Dheu 2/100
dega-var£
i Wer 3/516
durae
Deu 2/92
dvar
Dhwer/106
demana
Dem/86
durat
Deu 2/92
dve-sate
Dekm/85
dereta
Der 1/89
dus
Dus/ 113
Dwo/115
dereto
Der 1/89
dus-athra
Eter/132
dereza
Dher 1/98
dus-cithra Dus/ 113
dereza-man
dus-citra
Dus/ 11 3
Men 1/301
577
Avestan
E - G
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
E
-emo
eredva
eregant
erezata
erezi
erezu
Emos/123
Ered/128
Er 1/127
Arg/34
Orghi/345
Reg 1/387
ara-mana Per 1/363
arnah Sawel/402
arnavant Sawel/402
ar-thang Ten 1/471
ra 1 Pel 1/359
ra 1 Pel 1/359
ra2 Per 1/363
ra-ais Per 1/363
Sta/444
ra-a-marz Mel g/ 300
Per 1/363
ra-a-mus Mer 3/306
ra-data Per 1/363
ra-daxsana
Dhogh/104
ra-daxs-tar Dek/83
ra-esta Pel 1/359
raesta Per 1/363
Sta/444
ra-gauzayanta
Gheugh/1 63
ra-ista Is to/ 197
ra-jama Gwa/l 72
Per 1/363
ra-kaes Kwei 2/259
: ra-kava Geu 1/147
ra-kosaiti Kau/215
ra-manyente
Men 3/303
: ra-muxti Meug/308
Meuk/309
ra-namaiti
Nem 2/329
ra-nas Neku/328
ra-nay Nei 2/326
rank Per 1/363
ra-pithwa Pel/355
ra-ptarazat
Pet 1/370
ra-rathni El 3 /122
ras Perk 1 /368
rasa Perk 1 /368
ra-saekam
Seiku/407
ra-sanam Sek/4 08
ra-scimbana
Skabh/420
rasna Perk 1 /368
ra-sparega
Spereg/438
ra-sta Per 1/363
ra-sta Sta/444
ra-sute Kei 2/218
rathah Pele/361
ra-thang Per 1/363
ra-vahr Wer 3/516
ra-var Per 1/363
Wer 3/516
ra-varna Wer 3/516
ra-var-tinam
Wer 3/516
ra-var-tinam
Per 1/363
ravasi Wer 3/516
ra-vaxs Per 1/363
Wekw/508
ra-yah Pel 1/359
Yah 5/531
ra-zaintis
Gene 1/141
fra-zazami Ghe 1/151
Fsan Fsan/135
fsarema Kormo/243
fstana Pesteno/369
fsu Pek/357
fsu-pait Pek/357
fsu-paiti Pa/349
ga 1 Gel/138
ga2 Gweie/176
ga 3 Gwou/187
gad Gwhedh/182
gaesa Ghait/149
gaesu Ghait/149
gaetha Gwei/175
gaetha-nam Gwei/175
gainti Gwedh/1 74
gairi Gwer 4/181
gaitha Gwei/175
gam Gwa/l 72
gama Gwa/l 72
gaman Gwa/l 72
gamo Gweie/176
gan 1 Gwhen 1/183
Gwhen 1/184
gan 2 Gwiien 2/2 85
gantay Gwedh/1 74
ganti Gwedh/1 74
Gantuma
Gantuma/137
gao Gwou/2 8 7
gao-dana Dhe 2/94
Gwou/187
gao-di Dhe 2/94
Gwou/187
gaona Geu 1/14 6
gaosa Ous 2/34 7
gaosaka Geu 1/14 6
57S
Avestan
G - H
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Roo
b/Page
gaosa-vare
gaz
Gwhen 2/185
Haem
Ha
em/189
Bher 1/58
gemmons
Gwa/1 73
haetu
Se
1/404
Ous 1/347
gemton
Gwa/1 73
haithya
Es
2/131
gao-spenta Gwou/187
gena
Gwen 1/178
haiz
Suig/457
Kwen 1/261
gerew-ait
ha-karat
Sem
1/411
gaoz
Gheugh/1 63
Ghrebh/1 64
ha-keret
Sek/408
gar 1
Ger 3/145
gerewn-a
iti
ham 1
Sem
1/411
gar 2
Gwer 2/179
Ghrebh/1 64
ham 2
Sem
2/413
gar 3
Gwer 3/180
gerezdi
Gredh/1 69
hama 1
Sem
1/411
garah
Gwer 3/180
ges
Ghait/149
hama 2
Sem
2/413
garb-ayaiti
gesuk
Ghait/149
hama-baga Bhag/51
Ghrebh/1 64
gimsenin
Gwa/1 73
hama-baga
gard
Gwer 2/179
gna
Gwen 1/178
Sem
1/411
garebus
Gwelbh/177
gnixta
Ghen/157
hamaestar
Smei
t/430
garema
Gwher/186
goh
Gwou/187
ham-ara
Er
1/126
Garenu
Garenu/ '137
gop
Gwou/187
ham-aranu
Er
1/126
garewa
Gwelbh/177
gouru
Gwer 1/178
ham-aratha Er
1/126
garez
Gal/ 13 6
gra
Gredh/1 69
ha-mazan
garo-demana Dem/86
grab
Ghrebh/1 64
Magh
2/289
Gwer 2/179
grad
Gwer 2/179
So/433
garo-gar
Gwer 2/179
gram
Ghrem/1 64
ham-basta
Bher
idh/57
gas
Gwhen 2/185
grd
Gwer 2/179
ham-cay
Kwei
2/259
gat
Gwa/1 72
grTva
Gwer 3/180
ham-ci
Kwei
2/259
gata
Gei/138
grTva-pan
Gwer 3/180
ham-dais-a
gathu
Gwa/1 72
grnati
Gwer 2/179
Dheye/102
gatu-bar
Gwa/1 72
gunda
Geu 1/14 6
ham-du Dheu
3 /101
gatu-bara
Bher 1/58
gutha
Gwou/187
hamista
Smei
t/430
gatus
Gwa/1 72
guz
Gheugh/1 63
ham-mana
gauru-ayeiti
Men
1/301
Ghrebh/1 64
H
Sem
1/411
gaus
Gwou/187
hamo-gaona
gav
Gwa/1 72
ha 1
Se 1/404
Geu
1/146
gavam
Gwou/187
ha 2
So/433
Sem
1/411
gavasna
Guysna/1 71
haca
Sekw/410
ham-par
Pel
1/359
gave
Gwou/187
haca-ada
ri En/124
Sem
1/411
gavo
Gwou/187
haca-ada
ri Sekw/410
ham-tac
Teku
1/468
gayo-maretan
had
Sed/405
ham-tak
Teku
1/468
Gwei/175
hadis
Sed/405
ham-tax
Sem
1/411
gayo-mereta
haek 1
Leigh 2/277
hana
Sen
1/413
Mer 2/305
haek2
Seiku/407
hana
Sen
1/413
575
Avestan
H - H
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
hanare Sen 2/414
harz
Selg/411
hend
Sy and/ 463
hanc Ten 1/471
hasa-kerta
Kwer/2 62
hendT
Sy and/ 463
han-dama Dhe 2/94
Sekw/410
herezaiti
Selg/411
Sem 1/411
hasi
Sekw/410
hezum
Aidh/9
han-dareza
hastra
Sed/405
hicaiti
Seiku/407
Dher 1/98
hat
Es 2/131
hincaiti
Seiku/407
Sem 1/412
hathra
Se 2/404
hinu
Se 1/404
han-davatha
hati
Se 2/404
his-mar-aiti
Sem 1/412
hau 1
Seu 2/418
Mer 1/304
han-davathe
hau2
So/433
hixra
Seiku/407
Dheu 2/100
haurva 1
Sol/434
hizu
Dinghw/107
han-du Dheu 3 /101
haurva 2
Ser 2/416
hizva
Dinghw/107
Sem 1/412
haurvaiti
Ser 2/416
ho
So/433
han-gama Gwa/l 72
haurvatat
Sol/434
hu 1
Su 1/454
han-gama Sem 1/412
haus
Saus/401
hu2
Su 2/457
han-gmatana
haus-a
Saus/401
hu-apah
Op/ 34 4
Sem 1/412
hauv
So/433
Su 1/454
han-jama Gwa/l 72
hav
Seu 3/418
hu-badra
Bhad/50
Sem 1/412
hava
Seu 1/417
hu-citra
Skai/421
han-jamana Gwa/l 72
Havana
Havana/189
Su 1/454
Sem 1/412
hava-rd
Leudh/281
hufsa
Swep/4 62
han-kar Kwer/2 62
Su 1/454
hu-jasta
Gwhedh/182
Sem 1/411
havayan
Seu 4/418
Su 1/454
han-kareyemi
havayeiti
Seu 4/418
hu-jyati
Gwei/175
Kwer/2 62
hav-sivanga
hu-kehrpta Sek/409
han-keretha
Su 1/454
hu-man
Men 1/301
Kwer/2 62
haxa-manah
hu-mana
Su 1/454
hant Es 2/131
Men 1/301
hu-maya
Su 1/454
han-vaeg Sem 1/412
haxa-manis Sekw/410
hunami
Seu 3/418
haoma Seu 2/418
haxay
Sekw/410
hu-nara
Ner 1/331
hao-syangh Su 1/454
haxs
Suig/457
Su 1/454
hapta Septm/414
haxti
Skeng/423
hu-ni-vak
Wekw/508
hapta-dasa
hay
Se 1/404
hu-nivak
Su 1/454
Septm/414
Haya
Haem/189
hunus
Seu 3/418
hapta-iti Dekm/84
haz
Segh/406
hu-parathwa
haptaiti Septm/414
hazah
Segh/406
Per 2/365
hara Ser 3/416
hazangra
Gheslo/161
Su 1/454
haraiti Ser 2/416
hazanrem
hu-rama
Rem/ 3 90
haraiva Ser 1/414
Gheslo/161
Su 1/454
hareva Ser 1/414
hd
Sed/405
huska
Saus/401
580
Avestan
H - K
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
hu-snuta
Kes 2/231
it
I 2/194
kaf
Sek/408
Su 1/454
itha
I 2/194
Kafa
Kafa/202
hu-srav
Kleu 1/240
ithyajah
Tiegu/479
kahrka-asa
Su 1/454
ithyejah
Tiegu/479
Ker 3/22 7
hu-ux-tay
Wekw/508
-iti
Dekm/84
kahrkatat
Ker 3/22 7
hu-vaeda
Su 1/454
itta
I 2/194
Kahrpu
Kahrpu/204
We id/504
iyam
I 2/194
ka-hya
Kwo/2 67
huvarazm'
s
iza
Aig-/9
kaimya
Ken/224
Ghdhem/150
izaenem
Aig-/9
kaine
Ken/224
Su 1/455
kain-ika
Ken/224
hu-xerpa
Su 2/457
J
kainTn
Ken/224
hu-xerpta
Sek/409
kakus
Keku/219
hu-xsnuta
Kes 2/231
jafra
Gwebh 1/174
kam 1
Kwo/2 67
hva
Seu 1/417
jaiti
Ei/119
kam2
Ka 1/201
hv-apah
Op/ 34 4
jam
Gwa/1 72
kama
Ka 1/201
hvare
Sawel/402
jama
Geme/140
kamara
Kam 2/207
hvare-asan
jamana
Gwa/1 72
kam-cit
Kwo/2 67
Sawel/402
jam-asps
Ekwos/121
kamna
Kamma/208
hvarenah
Sawel/402
jan
Gwhen 2/185
kamno
Kamma/208
hva re-varan
jani
Gwen 1/178
kan 1
Gwhen 1/183
Sawel/402
jantu
Gwa/1 72
Gwhen 1/184
hvare-xsaeta
jar
Ei/119
kan2
Ken/224
Ksei 2/249
jaraiti
Gwer 3/180
kan-ya
Ken/224
Sawel/402
jatara
Gwhen 2/185
kaofa
Geu 1/147
hvo-Tsta
Sta/444
jathra
Gwhen 2/185
kar 1
Kwer/2 62
hya
So/433
jTta
Gwei/175
kar2
Kwei/ 2 60
jiva
Gwei/175
kara 1
Kwer/2 62
T
jva
Gwei/175
kara2
Skwalo/428
_
kara-manah
im
I 2/194
K
Kwer/2 62
imam
I 2/194
Men 1/301
iris-ta
Leith/278
ka 1
Kwo/2 67
Karana
Sker 1/424
Ts
Aik/10
ka2
Ka 1/201
karaya
Kwei/ 2 60
isav
Eis 2/120
ka3
Kwo/2 67
karem
Wer 2/515
Tse
Aik/10
ka-da
De 2/80
kareman
Sek/408
ista
Isto/197
Kwo/2 67
karena_osa Sek/4 08
Tsti
Aik/10
kaena
Kwei 1/259
kars
Kenk 1/224
istya
Aidh/9
kaes
Kwei 2/259
karsa
Kwei/ 2 60
Tsvan
Aik/10
kaes
Kwei 2/259
karsi-ptan
Oku/343
isvan
Aik/10
kaf
Sek/408
Pet 1/370
581
Avestan
K - M
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Karsvar
ko
Kwo/2 67
magus
Maghl/288
Karsvar / '214
kos
Kau/215
magus
Maghl/288
kas
Kak 3/205
krta
Kwer/2 62
man
Me 2/293
kas
Kwek/2 60
ku
Kut/258
mahrka
Mer 2/305
kasa
Kenk 1/224
ku 1
Kwo/2 67
man-tab
Me 2/293
kas-ista
Isto/197
kusra
Skeu 2/425
Tep/4 73
Kak 3/205
kutaka
Kut/258
mahya
Me 2/293
kasu
Kak 3/205
ku-thra
Kwo/2 67
maidyana Medhyo/295
kas-yah
Kak 3/205
kva
Kut/258
mainyu
Men 1/301
Yah 5/531
kvataka
Kut/258
mainyus
Men 1/302
Kasyapa
mairya
Mel 2/299
Kasyapa/ '214
L
maiti
Men 1/301
kat
Kwo/2 67
maiy
Eg/ 118
kata
Ket/232
leis
Leigh 1/276
-man 1
Men 1/301
katama
Kwo/2 67
lupis
Wei 2/511
man 2
Men 2/303
katara
Kwo/2 67
man 3
Dem/86
ka-tha
De 2/80
M
mana 1
Eg/ 118
Kwo/2 67
manah
Men 1/301
katha
Kwei 1/259
ma 1
Me 2/293
manaothri
Men 3/303
kau-kusati Kau/215
ma 2
Me 1/292
ma[n]dz-dha
kaurva
Kelewo/223
mad
Mad/28 7
Dhe 2/94
kaurvo
Kur/257
mada
Mad/28 7
Men 1/302
kautaka
Kut/258
madha
Medhu/294
mant 1
Menth/304
kava
Geu 1/147
Madhaxs
i
mant 2
Menth/304
kava-usan Keu 3/233
Madhaxa/287
manu
Men 1/302
kavi
Keu 3/233
madhu
Medhu/294
manus
Men 1/302
kay 1
Kwei 1/259
Madika
Madhaxa/287
manus-citra
kay2
Kwei 2/259
maeg
Maghl/288
Men 1/302
kerefs
Kwer/2 63
maeni
Mei 3/297
Skai/421
keresa
Kerk/230
maesa
Moiso/310
maoc
Meuk/309
keresa-aspa
maesT
Moiso/310
maoin
Morwi/311
Ekwos/121
maet
Meit/299
mar 1
Mer 1/304
Kerk/230
maeth
Smeit/430
mar 2
Mer 2/305
keresa-vazda
maethanam Meit/299
mar-aiti
Mer 1/304
Kerk/230
maethman Meit/299
marathyu
Mer 2/305
kereta
Sek/408
maez
Meig/298
maraxs
Mer 2/305
kerma
Wer 2/515
Maga
Maga/ 287
marazu
Mregu/312
kermi
Wer 2/515
magava
Maghos/289
mard
Mel g/ 300
Kharpuna
magna
Bunai/72
mardta
Mer 2/305
Kahrpu/204
magna
Nogw/339
ma red
Mer 2/305
582
Avestan
M - N
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Marega
Marega/291
Meg/295
nafah
Nobh/337
marencaiti
maz-yah
Meg/295
naf 6
Nobh/337
Mer 2/305
Yah 5/531
nan
Nas/ 320
mareta
Mer 2/305
megan
Maghl/288
naham
Nas/ 320
marez
Mel g/ 300
Merega
Merega/306
naire-manaw
marz
Mel g/ 300
mereza
Merg/307
Men 1/301
mas
Mak/290
merezu
Mregu/312
Ner 1/331
masa
Mer 2/305
merezu-jTta
nairT
Ner 1/331
masah
Mak/290
Gwei/175
nairya
Ner 1/331
mas-ista
Isto/197
merezu-jTt
nairyava
Ner 1/331
Mak/290
Mregu/312
naiy
Ne 1/321
masya 1
Mad/28 7
minasti
Meig/298
nam
Nem 2/329
mas-ya 2
Mak/290
minu
Men 3/303
nama
Nomn/34
Yah 5/531
mithahya
Mei 3/297
namaiti
Nem 2/329
mas-yah
Mak/290
mitho
Mei 3/297
naman
Nomn/34
Yah 5/531
mithra
Mei 4/297
Namra
Namra/ 318
ma-tar
Ter 3/475
mithwara
Mei 3/297
namra-vaxs
matar
Ma/286
mivamahi
Mew/ 30 9
Namra/ 318
math-ista
Isto/197
mTzda
Mizdho/310
napa
Nepot/330
Mak/290
mTzda-vare
napat
Nepot/330
mathi-yah
Meg/295
Mizdho/310
napta
Nebh/323
Yah 5/531
mnti
Men 3/303
naptis
Nepot/330
mathra
Men 1/301
moghu
Maghl/288
nar
Ner 1/331
mathro
Men 1/301
moneutro
Men 3/303
nard
Neu/333
mati
Men 3/303
morandat
Mer 2/305
nas
Neku/328
ma-tya
Me 1/292
moy
Moudh/311
nas 1
Nek 1/327
maxsi
Mako/290
mrz
Mel g/ 300
nas 2
Neku/328
mayazda
Mei 1/296
mus
Mer 3/306
nasaiti
Neku/328
maz
Meg/295
musti
Meuk/309
nasayeti
Nek 1/327
mazah
Meg/295
muthra
Meu 1/308
nashta
Nek 1/327
mazan
Meg/295
naska
Naks/318
mazant
Meg/295
N
Ned/ 32 4
Mazaxa
j
nasu
Nek 1/327
Madhaxa/287
na 1
Ne 1/321
nasu-paka
Nek 1/327
mazda-yasna
na2
Ne 2/322
Pekw/358
Men 1/302
nab
Nebh/323
nau
Na 1/316
Yag/531
Naema
Naema/ 31 7
nauma
Newn/333
mazdha
Men 1/302
Naeza
Naeza/ 31 8
nava 1
Newn/333
mazga
Mozgo/312
naf
Nobh/337
nava 2
Newo/334
maz-ista
Isto/197
nafa
Nobh/337
nava-dasa
Dekm/84
583
Avestan
N - P
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Newn/333
nava-iti Dekm/84
navaiti Newn/333
nava-pixem Piko/372
nav-dan Da 2/79
Na 1/316
naviya Na 1/316
nay Nei 2/326
nayeiti Nei 2/326
nazd-ista lsto/197
nazd-Tsta Sed/4 05
nazdista Sed/4 05
nazdyo Sed/4 05
nemadhka Nebh/323
nemah 1 Nem 1/329
nemah 2 Nem 2/329
nemata 1 Nem 2/329
Nemata 2
Nemata 2/329
ni 1 Ni 1/335
nT2 Nei 2/326
ni 3 Ne 1/321
ni-az Angh/2 7
Ni 1/335
ni-da Dhe 2/94
Ni 1/335
ni-gama Gwa/1 72
ni-gama Ni 1/335
nT-gaona Geu 1/14 6
Ni 1/335
ni-gaosa Ni 1/335
Ous 1/347
ni-gar Gwel 1/176
ni-gerepta Ni 1/335
ni-gerepto
Ghrebh/1 64
ni-gop Gwou/187
ni-gra-ire Gwel 1/176
ni-had Ni 1/335
nij Nis/336
ni-jama Gwa/1 73
ni-jan Ni 1/335
ni-kasa Kwek/2 60
Ni 1/335
ni-ma Me 2/293
Ni 1/335
Nimata
Nemata 2/329
ni-paidhya Ni 1/335
ni-pais Ni 1/335
Peig/356
ni-part Ni 1/335
Per 3/366
nis Nis/336
ni-sadaiti Sed/405
ni-sasti Sed/405
nis-bar Nis/336
ms-dar Der 1/89
ni-shidhaiti Ni 1/335
ni-us-tavah Ne 1/321
Teu 1/477
Ud 1/486
ni-vak Wekw/508
ni-vart Ni 1/335
Wer 2/514
ni-xsvaepa Ksip/251
Ni 1/335
ni-yastaya Ni 1/335
ni-zati Gene 1/141
nmana Dem/86
n6it-zT Ki 2/237
nu Newo/334
nurem Newo/334
Nyaka Nyaka/341
Nyaka Nyaka/341
o
pa 1
pac
pacaiti
pad
pad
pada
padataka
padha
padika
Pa/349
Pekw/358
Pekw/358
Ped/353
Ped/353
Ped/353
Ped/353
Ped/353
Ped/353
oithara
Wi/52^.
paeman Pei/355
paes Peig/356
paes Peig/356
paesah Peig/356
pairi Per 1/363
pairi-aojastara
Aueg/4
pairi-cayeiti
Per 1/363
pairi-cayeti
Kwei 2/259
pairi-daeza
Dheigh/96
Per 1/363
pairika Parika/351
pairi-kara Kwer/2 62
Per 1/363
pairi-sta Per 1/363
pairi-tak Teku 1/4 68
pairi-vara Per 1/363
Wer 3/516
pairi-vaz Per 1/363
pairi-vaza Wegh/501
pairi-xaezanuha
Suig/457
paiti 1 Pa/349
paiti 2 Per 3/366
paitT 3 Per 3/366
paiti-ar Per 3/367
paiti-band Bhendh/57
584
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Avestan
p - p
Root/Page
Per 3/366
paiti-dahisn
Per 3/366
paiti-dama Dhe 2/94
Pa/349
paiti-frasna
Perk 1 /368
paiti-gama Gwa/1 72
Per 3/366
paiti-gar Gwer 2/179
Per 3/366
paiti-grab Ghrebh/164
Per 3/367
paiti-jathra
Gwhen 2/185
Per 3/367
paiti-kan
Gwhen 1/184
Per 3/366
paiti-kara Kwer/2 62
paiti-kara Kwer/2 62
Per 3/366
paiti-ma Me 2/293
paiti-ma Per 3/366
paiti-man Per 3/366
paiti-pasti Pet 1/370
paiti-raec
Leigh 2/277
Per 3/366
paiti-raman
Per 3/366
Rem/ 3 90
paiti-sahva
Kas 2/214
Per 3/366
paitis-muxta
Meuk/309
paitis-vaed Weid/504
paiti-vara Wer 3/516
paiti-xsathra Pa/349
paiti-xsatra
Ksei 1/248
paity-ara Er 1/12 6
Per 3/367
-paka Pekw/358
pana Pa/349
pa-nah Na 2/316
Pa/349
pa-natha Na 2/316
panca Penkwe/362
pancasas Penkwe/362
panca-sat Dekm/84
pant Pent/ 3 62
panta Pent/ 3 62
paoiry-aenini
Pel 1/359
paourus Pel 1/359
par 1 Pel 1/359
par 2 Per 2/365
para 1 Per 4/368
para 2 Per 2/365
para 3 Per 1/363
para 3 Per 1/363
para 4 Per 1/364
para 4 Per 1/364
para-kan
Gwhen 1/184
Per 1/363
para-tab Per 1/363
Tep/4 73
para-tak Per 1/363
parena Per 2/365
pares Prs/377
paresu Perk 2 /369
pari Per 1/363
pari-auzah Aueg/4
pari-bahr Per 1/363
pari-bar Bher 1/58
Per 1/363
pari-bhar Bher 1/58
paro Per 1/364
paro-ayare
Per 1/364
par-sta Sta/444
par-sti Per 1/363
Sta/444
Prs/377
Wer 3/516
Pel 2/360
Pak/350
parsuya
paru-zana
parya
pas
pasa
pasca
pasca
paskat
pasman
pasna
pasto
Apo/30
Apo/30
Apo/30
Apo/30
Pek/357
Persna/369
Wes 3/521
pasto-fratha
Wes 3/521
pasu Pek/357
pasus-hasta Sed/405
pataiti
patareta
patayeiti
path
patha
pathana
pathi
pathra
pati
pati-ara
pati
pati
pati
pati
pati
pati
pati
■baus
■gara
■grab
■kara
■natha
■rad
Pet 1/370
Pet 1/370
Pet 1/370
Pent/ 3 62
Pent/ 3 62
Pet 2/371
Pent/ 3 62
Pa/349
Per 3/366
Er 1/126
Per 3/367
Bheudh/65
Gwer
Per
Per
Na
3/180
3/367
3/367
2/316
Ar/31
Pa/349
Per 3/366
585
Avestan
P - R
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
patta Pet 1/370
paurva Per 1/364
paurvata Parvan/353
paurvata-vac
Parvan/353
Wekw/508
pav Pu 4/378
pavaka Peu/371
pavan Pa/349
pavasta Wes 3/521
pax Pekw/358
payah Pel/355
perana Pel 1/359
perana-ayu Aiw/11
Pel 1/359
pere-sa Perk 1 /368
peresaiti
Perk 1 /368
peresu Perk 2 /369
peret Per 3/366
perethu Pet 2/371
peretu Per 2/365
peso-tanu Ten 1/472
pisant Pis/374
pistra Peig/356
pTstra Pis/ 37 4
pi-tar Ter 3/475
pitar Pa/349
pithwa Pei/355
pitu Pei/355
pixa Piko/372
pouru Pel 1/359
pourusa Pel 2/360
prana An 1/24
prati-man Men 1/301
pro-ayare Ayer/44
prs-sa Perk 1 /368
ptata Pet 1/370
pu 1 Pdu/376
pu 2 Pu 4/378
puiti
pusa
pusa-ka
putay
pu-thra
puthra
puyeiti
Pu 4/378
Puk/378
Puk/378
Pu 4/378
Pdu/376
Pdu/376
Pu 4/378
R
ra 1 Er 1/126
ra2 Rei 1/389
rad 1 Ar/31
rad 2 Ret/392
rae Er 1/126
raec 1 Er 1/126
raec2 Leigh 2/277
raes Kei 2/389
raesa Uroiks/491
raesah Kei 2/389
raeth Leith/2 78
raevant Rei 1/389
raevas Eres 1/130
raexnah Leigh 2/277
raez Leigh 1/276
ragu Legwh/275
rah Redh/386
raic Leigh 2/277
raik Leigii 2/2 77
raiti iRei 1/389
raix Leigh 2/277
rak Dhogh/104
raman Rem/390
rana 1 Er 2/226"
rana 2 Sreno/442
ranha Eres 2/230
ranha Eres 2/230
raocah Leuk/282
raoc-xsaema
Leuic/282
raoc-xsaena
Ksei 2/249
raod 1 Leudh/281
raod 2 iReu 2/393
raoda Leudh/281
raodah Ser 1/415
raodaiti Ser 1/415
raodha Leudh/281
raodha-taxma
Leudh/281
Tenk/473
raogna Reughmen/394
raoidita Reudh 1/394
raoidya Reu 2/393
raonami Ser 1/415
raopias Wei 2/511
raoxsna Ksei 2/249
Leuk/282
rap Rep/ 3 91
ras 1 Er 1/126
rasa Er 1/12 6
rasta Reg 1/387
ratha Ret/392
ratha-estra Ret/392
Sta/444
ratu Ar/32
rau Leu/280
rautah Ser 1/415
ravah Rewe/395
ravan Ser 1/415
ravas-carat Rewe/395
ravi Legwh/2 75
rax Dhogh/104
razah Redh/386
razma .Reg 1/387
reh Leigii 2/2 76"
rext Leigii 2/2 77
rez Leigii 2/2 77
M Er 1/126
ris 1 Leith/2 78
Avestan
R - S
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Roo
t/Page
WORD
Root/Page
ris 2
Rei 2/389
sama
Kei
1/217
scand
Sek/408
ris-ta
Leith/278
san
Gwhen
1/182
scapti
Sek/408
rith
Leith/278
sana
Sek/408
shiti
Ksei 3/249
nz
Rei 2/389
sand
Sed/405
sid
Sek/408
ru
Leu/280
sang
Ak/12
sim
So/433
rup
Leup/283
saoc
Keuk
1/235
sima
Kern 1/223
rupa
Leup/283
saocint
Keuk
1/235
simoithra
Kern 1/223
saoka
Keuk
1/235
sTzdra
Sed/405
s
saokenta
Keuk
1/235
sTzdyamna Sed/405
saokenta
■vant
sTzdyo
Sed/405
sa 1
Se 1/404
Keuk
1/235
skairya
Dhogh/104
sa2
Sek/408
sarah
Ker
1/22 6
skamberr
Skabh/420
sa3
Kweye/2 66
sarah
Ker
1/22 6
skarana
Dhogh/104
sac
Kak 1/204
sareda
Kei
1/220
skarena
Sek/408
sacaiti
Kak 1/204
saredha
Kerd
2/229
Skarna
Sukurna/458
sad
Sed/405
sareta
Kei
1/220
skenda
Sek/408
sadayant'
'
saretha
Kei
1/220
smer
Mer 1/304
Sked 2/422
sarez
Kei
1/220
sna
Sna/431
sadayeiti
Sed/405
sari
Sek/408
snaej
Sneigwh/432
sadra
Kad 1/202
sari
Sek/408
snaez
Sneigwh/432
saeiti
Ksei 3/249
sas 1
Kas
2/214
snaeza
Sneigwh/432
saena
Kei 1/217
sas 2
Sed/405
snaoda
Sneudh/432
saena-merega
sasna
Kas
2/214
snavar
Sai 2/398
Kei 1/217
sasta
Kas
2/214
soithra
Ksei 3/249
Saena-m
3rega
sastar
Kas
2/214
spa 1
Kwon/2 68
Merega/306
sat
Dekm/84
spa 2
Kwei 2/259
saeni
Ak/13
sata
Dekm/85
spada
Kwon/2 68
saenis
Ak/13
satam
Dekm/85
spaeta
Kuei/254
safa
Kapho/211
saub
Keu
2/232
spaka
Kwon/2 68
sah 1
Kas 2/214
sauk
Keuk
1/235
spar
Spher/44
sah2
Kens/225
saux
Keuk
1/235
spara
Sphel/439
said
Sek/408
Sav 1
Sav
1/401
sparega
Spereg/438
sairi-gaona Sek/408
sav 2
Kei
2/218
spas
Spek/436
saiti 1
Dekm/84
Savah 1
Sav
1/401
spasano
Spek/436
saiti 2
Kweye/2 66
savah 2
Keu
4/234
spasyeiti
Spek/436
saiti-man
Men 1/301
savahT
Keu
4/234
spatha
Kwon/2 68
sak
Kak 1/204
sa-vant
Ar/31
spatha-paiti Kwon/2 68
saka 1
Saka/399
sax
Ak/12
spenta
Kwen 1/2 61
saka-stana Saka/399
sax
Kak
1/204
spenta-ista isto/197
sam
So/433
saxvan
Kas
2/214
spento-dato Do 2/109
587
Avestan
S - T
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Kwen 1/261
sta 1
Sta/444
Wrdho/52 6
sperezan
Spelgh/437
sta 2
Stei/447
svestas
Kseud/250
Spis
Spis/ 441
staman
Stomen/453
sya 1
Sek/408
spiti-doithra Kuei/254
sta-mba
Sta/444
sya 2
Kweye/2 66
spoz
Peuk/372
stambana
Stebh/446
sya-maka
Kei 1/217
sraes
Klis/241
staoiti
Steu 1/451
syangh
Gwhen 1/182
sra-esta
Isto/197
staora
Teu 1/477
syaoman
Kei 2/218
Krei/245
star 1
Ster 1/449
syaothna
Kei 2/218
sraoni
Klou-ni/242
star 2
Ster 2/450
syatT
Kweye/2 66
sraosha
Kleu 1/240
stata
Sta/444
syav
Kei 2/218
sraothra
Kleu 1/240
staura
Teu 1/477
syava
Kei 1/217
srask
Sresk/442
stav
Steu 1/451
syava-arsan
srav
Kleu 1/240
stawra
Stebh/446
Eres 1/130
sravah
Kleu 1/240
sta-xma
Sta/444
Kei 1/217
sraw
Kleu 1/240
sta-xra
Sta/444
syazd
Sed/405
sraw
Kleu 1/240
stay
Stei/447
sray-
Klei/239
stembya
Stebh/446
T
sray-
Klei/239
sti
Sta/444
sra-yah
Krei/245
stuna
Sta/444
tab
Tep/4 73
Yah 5/531
stuna
Sta/444
tab-stana
Tep/4 73
srayan
Krei/245
stura
Sta/444
tac
Teku 1/4 68
sraz-da
Kerd 1/229
su-athra
Eter/132
tacaiti
Teku 1/4 68
srT
Krei/245
sub
Keu 2/232
tacan
Teku 1/4 68
srinav-
Klei/239
sufra
Keu 2/232
tacar
Teku 1/4 68
srinu-
Klei/239
sufraka
Keu 2/232
taega
Steig/448
srTra
Krei/245
suirya
Keu 4/234
taeza
Steig/448
SrTra
Srira/443
su-ka
Ku 2/254
tahra
Teku 1/468
sns
Klis/241
Sukurna
taiy
Tu/483
srita
Klei/239
Sukurna/458
tak
Teku 1/468
sru 1
Ker 1/22 6
sunb
Keu 2/232
taka
Teku 1/468
sru2
Kleu 1/240
suno
Kwon/2 68
tan
Ten 1/471
Sru 3
Sru 3/443
supti
Kup 1/256
tanj-ista
Isto/197
sru-bhara
Ker 1/22 6
sur
Keu 4/234
Tenk/473
sru-ta
Kleu 1/240
sura
Keu 2/232
tanu
Ten 1/472
sru-vant
Ser 1/415
suram
Keu 4/234
tanura
Tanur/466
srva 1
Ker 1/22 6
sus
Kwes/2 64
taos
Teus/478
Srva2
Sru 3/443
susi
Kwes/2 64
taoxman
Teu 1/477
srvara
Ker 1/22 6
suwra
Keu 2/232
tap 1
Steu 2/452
sta 1
Sta/444
suxra
Keuk 1/235
tap 2
Tep/4 73
sta 1
Sta/444
suxra-vard
tap-stana
Sta/444
Keuk 1/235
Avestan
T - U
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
tar
Ter 1/474
thri
Trei/481
uiti
I 2/195
tara-az
Ag/5
thri-dasa
Trei/481
una
Eu 1/132
Tel/4 69
thri-sat
Dekm/84
una
Eu 1/132
tara-azu
Ag/5
thrisat
Trei/481
upa
Upo/489
Tel/4 69
thri-thatra
Ten 1/471
upa
Upo/489
tarep
Terp/4 75
Trei/481
upa-dTta
Dheye/102
taro
Ter 1/474
thri-yaxstay
upa-diti
Upo/489
tarsna
Ters/476
Lakti/271
upa-drava
tarsta
Tres/483
thwares
Twerk/485
Deru 1 /91
tarsu
Ters/476
thwaxsa
Kau/215
Upo/489
tarya
Ter 1/474
-ti
Dekm/84
upa-gah
Upo/489
tas
Tex/4 79
tigra
Steig/448
upairi
Upo/490
tasa
Tex/4 79
tigra
Steig/448
upairi-vara
tasta
Tex/4 79
tigra-xauda
Wer 3/516
tata
Pet 1/370
Skeu 2/425
upa-mati
Men 2/303
tathra
Ten 1/471
Tkaesa
Tkaesa/480
upa-ni-da
Dhe 2/94
taug
Kwei 2/259
tras 1
Tres/483
Upo/489
tauruna
Ten 1/471
tras 2
Tex/4 79
u pa-sad
Sed/405
taux
Kwei 2/259
tras 2
Tex/4 79
Upo/489
tav
Teu 1/477
traxtanam
Trenk/482
upa-skambem
tava
Tu/483
tri-dasa
Dekm/84
Skabh/420
tavant
Teu 1/477
tu
Tu/483
Upo/489
taxma
Tenk/473
turn
Tu/483
upa-suxta
taxma-tan
U
tum-aspa
Ekwos/121
Keuk 1/235
Ten 1/472
Teu 1/477
upa-var
Upo/489
Tenk/473
tus
Teus/478
Wei 1/509
taxma-un
pa
tusen
Teus/478
Wer 1/514
Tenk/473
tussya
Teus/478
upa-zazami
Wei 2/511
tuvam
Tu/483
Ghe 1/151
tayu
Stai 1/445
tvam
Tu/483
urpa
Wei 2/511
tbaes
Dwei/114
urupis
Wei 2/511
temah
Tem/470
u
uruthwan
Reuto/395
tethra
Tem/470
uruthwara
thaman
Gwa/1 72
u-arstika
Eres 2/131
Reuto/395
thang
Ten 1/471
ubdaena
Webh/497
uruthwasca
thra
Ter 1/474
ube
Ambhi/21
Reuto/395
thrafda
Terp/4 75
ud
Ud 1/486
Urvan
Urvan/ 4 91
thrafza
Terp/4 75
udara
Udero/487
urvant
Ser 1/415
thrasa
Tres/483
udra
Wed/ 4 97
urvara
Bheu 3/64
thrayo
Trei/481
ugra
Aueg/4
urvata
Wer 1/514
Avestan
u - v
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
urvinj
Urigh/490
uz-ma-ta
Me 2/293
vam
Wem/512
urvisyeiti
Wer 2/515
uz-za
Ghe 1/151
van
Wen/512
us
Ud 1/486
vana
Wen/512
usa
Aus 2/41
V
vanaiti
Wen/512
usaiti
Aus 2/41
vana-vaxsa Aueg/4
usamahi
Wek/507
va
I 2/195
Wen/ 512
usas-tara
Aus 2/41
va
I 2/195
vanhar
Aus 2/41
usca
Ud 1/486
vacah
Wekw/508
vanhna
Wes 3/521
usi
Ous 1/346
vada
Wedh 2/499
vanhu
Wes 1/520
usi-data
Do 2/109
vadar
Wedh 2/499
vanri
Aus 2/41
Ous 1/346
vadaya
Wedh 2/499
vant
Menth/304
us-sna
Sna/431
vadayeiti
Wen/513
vantar
Wen/512
us-spar
Spher/44
vadhgan
Wedh 2/499
var 1
Wed/ 4 97
Ud 1/486
vadhu
Wedh 1/498
var2
Wei 1/509
us-tavah
Teu 1/477
vadhu-upa
var 3
Wei 3/511
Ud 1/486
Wedh 1/498
-var 4
Wei 3/511
us-tema
Ud 1/486
vadu 1
Wedh 1/498
var 5
Wei 3/511
us-tra
Wes 1/520
vadu 2
Wen/513
var 6
Wer 3/516
ustra
Wes 1/520
vaeca
Weik 1/505
vara 1
Wed/ 4 97
uta
I 2/195
vaeda
We id/504
vara 2
Wer 3/516
uta
I 2/195
vaeg
Weik 1/505
vara 2
Wer 3/516
u-vara-zmi
vaeiti
Wei 1/502
varah
Wer 1/514
Ghdhem/150
Vaena 1
Vaena 1/492
Varaka
Su 1/455
Vaena 1
Vaena 1/492
Varekahe/492
uwa
Ambhi/21
vaena 2
Dheye/102
varamis
Wei 3/511
ux
Wekw/508
vaesa
Weis/507
varanavaity
uxs
Aueg/4
vafra
Wep/513
Wei 3/511
uxsan
Wegw/501
vah
Wes 3/521
varasa
Wei 1/502
uxsyeiti
Aueg/4
vah-ista
Isto/197
varasnT
Wed/ 4 97
uyamna
Eu 1/132
Su 1/456
varathra-
gam
uz
Ud 1/486
vahisto
Su 1/456
Gwhen 2/185
uz-ah
Ous 2/348
vahna
Wes 3/521
Varaza
Varaza/492
Ud 1/486
vahu
Su 1/456
vard
Ered/128
uz-ah-ap
Ud 1/486
vahu-man Men 1/301
vardana
Wer 3/516
uzayanto
Ghe 1/151
Su 1/456
varecah
Algwh/20
uzdar
Wegh/501
vahya
Su 1/456
vared
Ered/128
uz-davayati
vaidi
Wed/ 4 97
varedha
Wrdho/52 6
Dheu 3 /101
vairi
Wed/ 4 97
varejah
Algwh/20
uzdri
Wegh/501
vaiti
We 1/496
Varekahe
uz-du
Dheu 3 /1 01
vak
Wekw/508
Varekahe/492
590
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Avestan
v - v
Root/Page
varemi Wei 3/511
varena Wei 1/509
varep Wer 2/515
varesa Wei 2/510
varesna Eres 1/130
varet Wer 2/514
Vareta Vareta/493
varethra Wer 3/516
varethra-gam
Wer 3/516
varethra-jan
Wer 3/516
vareza Werg 1/519
varnak Weren/518
vart Wer 2/514
vasah Wek/507
vasaiti Wes 3/521
vasami Wek/50 7
vasar Aus 2/41
vasnah Wek/507
vasri Aus 2/41
vasta 1 Wes 3/521
vasta 2 Wegh/501
vastar Wegh/501
vaste Wes 3/521
vastra 1 Wes 3/521
vastra 2 Wes 4/521
vastra 2 Wes 4/521
vata We 1/496
vat-as We 1/496
vatay Wei 2/503
vati Wen/512
vau-misa Su 1/456
vawzaka Webh/497
vaxs 1 Weicw/508
vaxs 2 Aueg/4
vaxsaiti Aueg/4
vaxs-6-bara
Weicw/508
vay 1 Aw/43
vay 2
vay 3
vayeiti 1
vayeiti 2
vayoi
vayu
vaz
vaza 1
vaza 2
vazagha
vazista
vazra
vazya
vehrka
ver 1
ver2
verata
verdeka
veredka
vherka
vi 1
vT2
vi 3
vTcara
vi-cay
vi-ci
vTcica
vi-cir
vT-cira
vTd-
vTdada
vTdaiti
vidhava
vidya
vi-gatho
vi-hay
Wei 2/503
Wei 1/502
Wen/512
Wei 2/503
Wai/495
Aw/43
Wegh/501
Wegh/501
Wegh/501
Wego/501
Wegh/501
Weg 2/500
Wegh/501
Wei
Wei
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wei
2/510
1/509
1/514
1/514
2/514
2/514
2/510
Aw/43
Wi/523
Wi/524
Wi/523
Wi/524
Wi/523
Kwei 2/259
Wi/523
Kwek/2 60
Gassu/138
Kwer/2 63
Wi/523
We id/504
We id/504
We id/504
Weidh/505
We id/504
Gwadh/1 73
Se 1/404
Wi/523
vT-jainti Gwhen 2/185
Vi-kaes Kwei 2/259
vi-kar wi/524
vi-kas Kwek/2 60
Wi/523
vi-kay Kwei 2/259
Wi/523
vi-kaya Kwek/2 60
vi-mad Me 2/294
Wi/523
vi-maik Meig/298
Wi/523
vi-manah Men 1/301
Wi/523
vi-mar Mer 1/304
Wi/523
vi-minasti Meig/298
vTnosti Weid/504
vip Weip/506
vTra Wei 2/503
vi-radh Ar/31
Wi/523
vi-raec Leigh 2/277
Wi/523
vi-raiti Ar/31
vi-raiti Wi/523
vTs Weik 2/506
vis 1 Weis/507
vTs 2 Aw/ 43
vis 3 Wi/524
vi-sa Wi/523
vi-sa Wi/523
visa Weis/507
visa-dahyu Dhis/103
vi-saed Sek/4 08
Wi/523
vi-saiti Dekm/84
Wi/523
vTspa Wi/524
vTspa-dahyu
Dhis/103
591
Avestan
v - x
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Wi/524
vyaxman
Weik 1/505
xratu
Kar 1/212
vTs-paiti
Weik 2/506
xrT
Kwri/2 69
vis-pat
Wi/524
w
xru
Kreu/24 6
vis-patha
Wi/524
xrum
Kreu/24 6
vTs-pati
Weik 2/506
waig
Weik 1/505
xruma
Kreu/24 6
vispo-pitay Pd 2/374
waik
Weik 1/505
xrura
Kreu/24 6
vista-
We id/ 504
waix
Weik 1/505
xrus
Kreu/24 6
vista-aspa
Ekwos/121
war
Wed/ 4 97
xruta
Kreu/24 6
vi-sta-ka
Sta/444
ward
Ered/128
xruzdra
Kreu/24 6
vi-staka
Wi/523
wars
Wer 2/514
xsaca
Ksei 1/248
vi-star
Wi/523
wi
Wi/523
Xsad
Xsad/529
vTt
Wi/524
Wi/524
xsae-ta
Ksei 2/249
vi-tar
Ter 1/474
wi-car
Kwel/2 60
xsafniya
Kwsep/2 69
Wi/523
Wi/523
Xsaivan
Xsi 1/529
vTtar 1
Wei 2/503
wi-kar
Kwer/2 62
xsaob
Kseubh/250
vTtar 2
Wen/512
wi-sa
Se 1/404
xsaod
Kseud/250
vTtara
Wi/524
wi-sis
Sek/408
xsap
Kwsep/2 69
vTtarem
Wi/524
wi-star
Ster 1/449
xsapan
Kwsep/2 69
vi-taxti
Teku 1/468
wizmar
Mer 2/305
xsar
Gwhder/181
vi-taxtT
Wi/524
wrda
Wrdho/52 6
xsa-thra
Ksei 1/248
vithra
Wi/524
wrvata
Wer 1/514
xsathra
Ksei 1/248
vi-vacah
Wekw/508
xsathra-dara
Wi/524
X
Ksei 1/248
vTvaeda
Wei d/ 504
xsathra-puthra
vTvaiti
Wei 2/503
xad 1
Khad/235
Pou/376
vi-vard
Ered/128
xad2
Xad/528
xsathra-vairya
vi-xada
Xad/528
xaezanu
ia Suig/457
Ksei 1/248
vi-zainti
Wi/523
xan
Gwhen 1/183
xsatra-pavan
vohnua
Wes 1/520
Gwhen 1/184
Ksei 1/248
vohu
Su 1/456
xaoda
Skeu 2/425
xsatra-vairya
vohuni
Wes 1/520
xara
Kar 1/212
Wei 1/509
voi
Wei 2/503
xar-bara
Bher 1/58
xsaub
Kseubh/250
voiced animal
xarka-asa Ed/ 117
xsaud
Kseud/250
Kar 1/212
xas
Xad/528
xsaudra
Kseud/250
voi-thwa
Wei 2/503
xauda
Skeu 2/425
xsay
Ksei 1/248
vriz
Urigh/490
xaya
Aw/43
xsaya-arsan
vrvata
Wer 1/514
xerpta
Sek/409
Eres 1/130
vyana 1
Wei 2/503
xrafstra
Kwer/2 63
xsaya-arsan
vyana 2
Wen/512
xram
Kr am/245
Ksei 1/248
vyaxa
Weik 1/505
xraos
Ker 3/22 7
XsT1
Xsi 1/529
592
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Avestan
X - Y
Root/Page
XSi 2 Ksei 1/248
XSip Ksip/251
xsTra Ksiro/252
xsnavaya Kes 2/231
xsnaw Kleu 1/240
xsnu Kleu 1/240
XSOithmi Ksei 2/249
xsudra Kseud/250
xsudram
Ksudros/252
xsufsan Kseubh/250
xsvaepa Ksip/251
xsvaewa Swei/459
xsvas Sweks/4 60
xsvas-dasa Dekm/84
Sweks/4 60
XSVas-ti Dekm/84
xsvasti Sweks/4 60
xsvTd Kseud/250
XSVipata Ksiro/252
xsvira Swei/459
xswaif Ksip/251
xswaip Ksip/251
xumba Geu 1/147
xva Seu 1/417
xvadaya Seu 1/417
xvae-paithya Pa/349
Seu 1/417
xvae-pati Pa/349
Seu 1/417
xvaeza Sweid/4 60
xvafna Swep/4 62
Xvaini Xvaini/530
xvajo-ayao Seu 1/417
xvan Swen/4 61
xvand Swad/459
xvandra-kara
Swad/459
xvang Sawel/402
xvan-har Seu 1/417
xvaothra Seu 1/417
xvap Swep/4 62
xvar 1 Sawel/402
xvar2 Swel 1/4 61
xvara Swer/462
xvarazmTs
Ghdhem/150
Su 1/455
xvarenah Sawel/402
xvareta Ksudros/252
xvarizem Ghdhem/150
Su 1/455
xvasta Svas/459
xvasto Swad/459
xv-athra Eter/132
xvato-ayao Ai w/1 1
xvTsat Suig/457
xwad Swad/459
xwaf Swep/4 62
xwafsa Swep/4 62
xwairis Wer 6/51 7
xwan Swen/4 61
xwap Swep/4 62
xwar Swel 1/4 61
xwaro Swer/4 62
xwas Swad/459
xwa-tam Seu 1/417
xwa-to Seu 1/417
ya 1
Ei/228
ya2
Yem/534
Ya3
Yah 5/531
yaes
Yeu 3/536
yaesyaiti
Yes/534
yah 1
Ei/118
yah 2
Ei/119
yah 3
Yes/534
yah 4
Yds/538
Yah 5 Yah 5/531
yahma Yds/538
yaiti Ei/118
yakara Yekwer/533
yanhaeiti Yds/538
yaod Yeu 3/536
yaoj Yeu 1/535
yaona Yau/532
yaosti Yeu 3/536
yaoz Yeu 3/536
yaozaiti Yeu 3/536
yar Ei/119
yara Ei/119
yasa Ya/532
yasta Y6s/538
yata Y em/ 534
yata Y em/ 534
ya-tara I 2/2 94
yatem latos/196
yathat De 2/80
ya-tu Ya/532
yava leuo/196
Yavarena
Yavarena/532
yave Ai w/1 1
yaxstay Lakti/271
yaxsti Lakti/271
yaz Yag/532
yazatanam Yag/531
yazato-karteta
Kwer/2 62
yazato-kerata
Yag/531
yeinti Ei/118
yema Yem/534
yemo Yem/534
yesnya Yag/531
yeth De 2/80
yTma Yem/534
yima-xsaetem
Ksei 2/249
593
Avestan
Y - Z
WORD
Roo
t/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
yima-xsaetem
zaini
Gwen 1/178
zav 1
Dinghw/107
Y em/ 534
zairita
Ghel/155
zav2
Gheu 1/162
yo
I
2/194
zam
Ghdhem/150
zava
Geu 2/147
yuj
Yeu
1/535
zama-tar
Geme/140
zavah
Geu 2/147
yus
Yu/538
Ter 3/475
zavaiti
Ghu 1/165
yusmat
Yu/538
zan 1
Gene 1/141
zavar
Geu 2/147
yuvan
Yeu
2/535
zan2
Gno/168
zaxya
Gwes/181
yuxta
Yeu
1/535
zana 1
Gene 1/141
zaya
Ghei 2/154
yvan
Yeu
2/535
zana 2
Gno/168
zayai
Gweie/176
zanga
Ghengh/157
zayan
Ghei 2/154
z
zango
Ghengh/157
zazami
Ghe 1/151
zanu
Genu 2/142
zba
Dinghw/107
za 1
Ghe
1/151
zanva
Genu 2/142
zd
Sed/405
za2
Ous
2/348
zaoso
Geus/148
zem
Ghei 1/153
Ud
1/486
zaothar
Gheu 1/162
zered
Kerd 1/229
za3
Gwhe
dh/182
zaothr
Gheu 1/162
zT
Ki 2/237
za-ap
Ous
2/348
zaothra
Gheu 1/162
zimo
Ghei 1/153
za-dhana
Ous
2/348
zar 1
Gher 1/158
zinat
Gweie/176
zadiyamiy
zar2
Ger 2/144
zTra
Gwei/175
Gwhe
dh/182
zara 1
Ghel/155
znu
Genu 1/142
zaem
Ghei
1/153
zara 2
Gher 4/159
znum
Genu 1/142
zaeman
Ghei
2/154
zaranya
Ghel/155
zoisnu
Gheis/155
zaemi
Ghei
2/154
zara-ustrs
zoizd-ista
Gheis/155
zaena 1
Ghei
2/154
Ger 2/144
Isto/197
zaena 2
Ghei
2/154
Wes 1/520
zrada
Ghlad/163
zaena-dana
zarayah
Glei/167
zrayah
Glei/167
Ghei
2/154
zaredaya
Kerd 1/229
zraz-da
Kerd 1/229
zaenah-vant
zarena
Ghel/155
zrs
Ghers/1 60
Ghei
2/154
zareta
Ghel/155
zurah
Ghuel/166
zaeno-hara
zari
Ghel/155
zusto
Geus/148
Dher 1/98
zarman
Ger 2/144
zya 1
Ghei 1/153
zaeno-hara
zars
Ghers/1 60
zya2
Gwhi/186
Ghei
2/154
zarsayam
na
zya 3
Gweie/176
zaesa
Gheis/155
Ghers/1 60
zya 4
Gweie/176
zaesta
Gheis/155
zarwan
Ger 2/144
zyam
Ghei 1/153
zaf-
Geph/142
zasta
Ghesto/161
zyani
Gweie/176
zaf-an
Geph/142
zata 1
Gene 1/141
zyao
Ghei 1/153
zaf-ar
Geph/142
zata2
Gwhen 2/185
zyo
Ghdies/151
zahr
Gh
el/155
zaurva
Ger 2/144
zaidhyem
Gwhe
dh/182
Zausa
Zausa/539
594
Caribian
T - T
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Caribian
Tabaco Tabaco/464
595
Celtic
A - S
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Celtic
artho Rk-tho/396
B
bukkos Bhugo/t
graw Gher 3/159
M
molto Mel 3/300
sukko Su 2/457
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Chinese
C - x
WORD Root/Page
Chinese
C'a C'a/74
Chiang-yu
Chiang-yu/75
Chou-shu
Chou-shu/75
Shu-shu Chou-shu/75
t'a C'a/74
Tien Tien/480
Tu-kue Tu-kue/484
X
Xalen Xalen/529
597
Dutch
B - T
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Dutch
B
bluyster Bhel/55
crulle Ger 1/143
H
haam Kam 1/206
K
koek
konk
Kak 4/205
Kung/255
M
male-mocke Muk/314
mocke Muk/314
monssoen w.s.m/52 7
SOJa Chiang-yu/75
thee
C'a/74
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Egyptian
A - Y
WORD Root/Page
Egyptian
Abu
Yb/533
chem Kers 2/230
E
Elu
Elu-ephas
Yb/533
Yb/533
H
Hebni Hebni/190
K
khem Kers 2/230
Sosen Sosen/435
Yb
Yb/533
English
A - A
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
English
act
Gwa/1 73
Ag/5
alarm
Al 1/15
Ar/32
A
acute
Ak/12
albacore
B.k.r/69
Adam
Adhamah/5
albatross
Al 3/17
a-
Ne 1/322
Adams
Adhamah/5
Albert
Atos/38
abandon
Bha 2/50
adapt
Ap 2/28
Bhereg/61
abbreviate
add
Do 2/109
alchemist
Kers 2/230
Mregu/312
address
Reg 1/387
alchemy
Al 3/17
Abel
Hebhel/190
adept
Ap 2/28
Gheu 1/162
Abigail
Ab 2/3
adjust
Yeu 1/535
alcohol
Al 3/17
Abner
Ab 2/3
admiral
A' .m.r/23
K.h. 1/236
N.w.r/341
Al 3/17
alcove
Al 3/17
abnormal
Apo/29
admit
Smelt/ 430
Gabbah/136
Gno/168
Adolph
Atos/38
alder
El 2/122
abort
Er 1/126
Wei 2/511
ale
Alu/20
Abot
Ab 2/3
Adrian
Ater/37
alembic
Ab 1/1
about
Ud 1/486
Adriatic
Ater/37
Al 3/17
Abraham
Ab 2/3
adverb
Wer 1/514
Nei 1/325
Abram
Ab 2/3
adverse
Wer 2/515
alert
Al 1/15
abridge
Mregu/312
advice
We id/504
aleurone
Al 2/16
abrupt
Reu 2/393
aego-
Aig-/9
Alexander
Alek/19
Absalom
Ab 2/3
aeronaut
Na 1/316
Ner 1/331
S.l.m/429
affect
Dhe 2/95
alfalfa
Al 3/17
absent
Es 2/131
affiliation
Dhe 1 /93
Ed/ 117
abyss
Gwadh/1 73
after
Apo/30
Ekwos/121
accept
Kap/210
age
Ai w/1 1
algebra
Al 3/17
accident
Kad 2/202
agency
Ag/5
J.b.r/200
accipiter
Oku/343
agent
Ag/5
algol
G. v. 1/171
Pet 1/370
aggressive
algorism
Ghdhem/150
accord
Kerd 1/229
Gredh/1 69
Su 1/455
accordion
Agnus
Yag/531
algorithm
Al 3/17
Kerd 1/229
ago
Ghe 1/151
Ghdhem/150
accumulate
agony
Ag/5
Su 1/455
Keu 2/232
agree
Gwer 2/179
alien
Al 1/15
achar
Ak/12
agriculture
Ag/5
alizarin
Al 3/17
acid
Ak/12
ail
Agh/7
A' .s.r/36
acoustic
Keu 3/233
Aileen
Sawel/403
alizarine
A' .s.r/36
acquaint
Gno/168
ailment
Agh/7
alkali
Al 3/17
acre
Ag/5
air
We 1/496
Q.l.y/381
acrobat
Ak/12
airplane
Pele/361
alkaline
Al 3/17
soo
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
English
A - A
Root/Page
Q.l.y/381
Allah Al 3/17
Layh/274
allergy Werg 1/519
alleviate Legwh/2 75
alley Al 4/18
alligator Al 1/15
Lek/2 78
aloe Agaruh/6
Al 3/17
alone I 2/195
along Del/86
also Seu 1/417
alternate Al 1/15
alum Alu/20
alumina Alu/20
aluminium Alu/20
aluminum Alu/20
always Wegh/501
am Es 2/131
amalgam Al 3/17
Mel 3/300
Amazon 1
Magh 2/289
So/433
Amazon 2
Magh 2/289
So/433
ambassador Ag/5
Ambhi/21
amber A.n.b/25
ambient Ambhi/21
El/118
ambulate Al 4/18
Amen A.m.n/22
ammunition
Mei 2/296
amnesty Men 1/302
amount Men 3/303
amphibious Ambhi/21
amphictyony
Ksei 3/249
amphitheater
Ambhi/21
an I 2/195
an- Ne 1/322
analogy An 3/25
analysis An 3/25
anatomy An 3/25
anchor Ang/2 6
and En/124
Andrew Ner 1/331
android Ner 1/331
anesthesia 6us 1/347
angel Agaru/6
anger Angh/2 7
angle Ang/2 6
Anglo- Ang/2 6
Anglo-Saxon Ang/2 6
anguine Angwhi/27
anguish Angh/2 7
anil Al 3/17
Nei 1/326
aniline Al 3/17
Nei 1/326
animal An 1/24
animosity An 1/24
Ann H.n.n/191
Anna H.n.n/191
Anne H.n.n/191
anneal Aidh/9
annex Ned/324
anniversary
Wer 2/515
announce Neu/333
anode Sed/4 05
anonymous
Nomn/34
antenna Ten 1/472
antimony Al 3/17
antonym Nomn/34
anxious Angh/2 7
any I 2/195
aorta Wer 6/517
aperture Wer 3/516
apex Ap 2/28
apiary Embhi/123
apiology Embhi/123
appall Pel 2/360
append Spen/437
apricot Al 3/17
Pekw/358
apt Ap 2/28
aptitude Ap 2/28
aqua Akwa/14
aquarium Akwa/14
aquatic Akwa/14
Arab A\b.r/4
arbor Bheu 3/64
arch- Arxein/35
archaeo- Arxein/35
archaeology
Arxein/35
archaic Arxein/35
archbishop
Arxein/35
architect Arxein/35
Tex/4 79
archive Arxein/35
Arctic Rk-tho/396
are Er 1/126
area As/35
argent Arg/34
Argentina Arg/34
argon Werg 1/519
argue Arg/34
arithmetic Ar/32
arm Ar/32
arms Ar/32
army Ar/32
601
English
A - B
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
arrange
Sker 1/424
athanor
Tanur/466
avoid
Eu 1/132
arrive
Rei 2/389
Atlantic
Tel/ 4 69
awake
Weg 2/500
arsenal
Al 3/17
atlas 1
Tel/ 4 69
away
Wegh/501
D.v.r/114
atlas 2
T.L.S/480
awe
Agh/7
S.n. 'a/431
atmosphere
awesome
Agh/7
arsenic
Al 3/17
Spher/44
awkward
Apo/30
Ghel/155
We 1/496
axis
Ag/5
arson
As/35
atom
Ne 1/322
axle
Ag/5
art
Ar/32
atrium
Ater/37
azimuth
Al 3/17
artery
Wer 6/517
atrocity
Ater/37
Mei 3/297
arthritis
Ar/32
attire
Steg/447
Azrael
Layh/2 73
Arthur
Rk-tho/396
attitude
Ap 2/28
azulene
Lajin/271
artist
Ar/32
aubergine
Al 3/17
azure
Lajin/271
Aryan
Al 1/15
Vat in
-ganah/493
asbestos
Gwes/181
auction
Aueg/40
B
Ne 1/322
audience
Ous 1/347
ascend
Skand/422
audio
Ous 1/347
babble
Baba/45
ash
As/35
audit
Ous 1/347
babe
Baba/45
Asia
Asu /36
auger
Ghei 2/154
Babel
Layh/2 73
asparagus
Nobh/337
N.b.b/320
Spereg/438
augment
Aueg/40
baboon
Baba/45
asphalt
Ne 1/322
August
Aueg/40
babouche
Pos/375
Spl-
iallein/439
aurora
Aus 2/41
baby
Baba/45
assassin
H.s.s/193
austerity
Saus/401
Babylonia
Layh/2 73
assassinate
Australia
Aus 2/41
N.b.b/320
H.s.s/193
Austria
Aus 2/41
baggage
Boqca/70
assemble
Sem 1/412
authentic
Autos/42
bahadur
Bhag/52
assert
Ser 3/416
author
Aueg/4
balalaika
Baba/45
assign
Sekw/410
auto-
Autos/42
balas
Apank/28
association Sekw/410
autobahn
Bhen/56
balcony
Bhergh/62
assort
Ser 3/416
automatic
Autos/42
Gwhen 1/183
asterisk
Ster 2/450
Men 1/302
baleen
Bhel/54
asthma
An 1/24
automobile
Autos/42
ballad
Gwel 1/176
astigmatism
autopsy
Okw/343
ballet
Gwel 1/176
Steig/448
auxiliary
Aueg/4
ballistic
Gwel 1/176
astonish
Ten 2/472
avenue
Gwa/1 73
balloon
Bhel/54
astrolabe
Ster 2/450
average
'Awar/43
ballot
Bhel/54
astronaut
Na 1/316
aviation
Aw/43
ballroom
Gwel 1/176
astronomy
Avicena
B.n.v/70
balm
Busma/72
Nem 1/329
Avicenism
B.n.v/70
balsam
Busma/72
602
English
B - B
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
balsamine
Busma/72
Ben
B.n.v/70
birch
Bhereg/61
ban
Bha 2/50
bench
Bhe/53
birth
Bher 1/59
band
Bhendh/57
bend
Bhendh/57
biscuit
Dwo/115
banian
Wen/512
beneath
Ni 1/335
Pekw/358
bank
Bhe/53
benefit
Dhe 2/95
bishop
Epi/125
bankrupt
Bhe/53
Benjamin
B.n.v/70
bison
Weis/507
Reu 2/393
Y.m.n/537
bittern
Beu 1/48
banner
Bhendh/57
benzene
L.b.n/2 74
blade
Bhel/55
banquet
Bhe/53
benzoin
L.b.n/2 74
blister
Bhel/55
banyan
Wen/512
berengina
bloom
Bhel/54
Baptist
Gwebh 1/174
Vatir
-ganah/493
blossom
Bhel/55
Barbara
Baba/45
Bernard
Bher 4/60
board
Bher 3/60
barbarian
Baba/45
Kar 1/212
boast
Beu 2/48
barbarous
Baba/45
beryl
Velur/494
boil
Beu 2/48
barbican
Bhergh/62
beryllium
Velur/494
bold
Bhel/55
Gwhen 1/183
best
Bhad/50
bomb
Bamb/4 6
bard ash
Vareta/493
Isto/197
bombast
Pambak/351
barium
Gwer 1/178
Beth
B.y. t/73
bombazine
barometer
Bethel
B.y. t/73
Pambak/351
Gwer 1/178
Layh/273
bond
Bhendh/57
base
Gwa/1 73
Bethleherr
1 B.y. t/73
boom
Bheu 3/64
basic
Gwa/1 73
better
Bhad/50
booth
Bheu 3/64
basket
Bhendh/57
between
Dwo/115
borage
A.r.q/34
bazaar
Aba/4
beverage
Po 2/374
Ab 2/3
Kwel/2 60
bezoar
Swhen 2/185
borax
Bher 4/60
be
Bheu 3/64
Per 3/367
border
Bher 3/60
be-
Ambhi/21
Bhagavad-Gita
bore
Bher 3/60
beacon
Bha 1/49
Bhag/52
boric
Bher 4/60
beam
Bheu 3/64
Gei/138
Boron
Bher 4/60
bear 1
Bher 1/59
Bible
J.b.l /199
borough
Bhergh/63
bear 2
Bher 4/60
biblical
J.b.l /199
borzoi
Mregu/312
beaver
Bher 4/60
bibliography
bosom
Beu 2/48
become
Gwa/1 73
J.b.l /199
both
Ambhi/21
beef
Gwou/187
bicycle
Dwo/115
bottom
Bhun/68
beer
Po 2/374
bid
Bheudh/65
boulevard
Bhel/54
begum
Umm/488
big
Beu 2/48
Werg 1/519
bellote
Balut/46
Big Ben
B.n.v/70
bourgeois
Bhergh/63
bellows
Bhel/55
binary
Dwo/115
boutique
Dhe 2/95
belly
Bhel/55
bind
Bhendh/57
bow
Bhaghu /52
belong
Del/86
biology
Gwei/175
bower
Bheu 3/64
603
English
B - C
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
bowl
Beu 2/48
bulk
Bhel/54
calm
Kii 1/253
Bhel/55
bull
Bhel/55
calorie
Kel 1/220
brace
Mregu/312
bullet
Beu 2/48
Calvary
Kelewo/223
Brahma
Bhergh/63
bullion
Beu 2/48
Calvin
Kelewo/223
Brahman
Bhergh/63
bully
Beu 2/48
camel
Jamal/198
braise
Bher 5/61
bundle
Bhendh/57
camera
Kara 2/207
brand
Bher 5/61
burden
Bher 1/59
Camilla
Q.d.m/380
Brandy
Bher 5/61
burg
Bhergh/63
Camille
Q.d.m/380
brave
Baba/45
burglar
Bhergh/63
camisa
Kern 2/223
bravo
Baba/45
burn
Bher 5/61
camp
Kam 2/207
bread
Bher 5/61
buss
Bu/72
camphor
breath
Bher 5/61
but
Ud 1/486
Karpurah/213
breed
Bher 5/61
butcher
Bhugo/68
can
Gno/168
breeze
Bher 5/61
butter
Gwou/187
canal
Gwhen 1/184
brew
Bher 5/61
Teu 1/477
canary
Kwon/2 68
bridegroom
buzzard
Beu 1/48
Canary Islands
Ghdhem/150
byssus
B.y.z/73
Kwon/2 68
bridge
Bhru 1/67
cancer
Kar 1/212
brief
Mregu/312
c
candid
Kand 1/209
bright
Bhereg/61
candidate
brilliant
Velur/494
Caaba
K.a* .b/201
Kand 1/209
bring
Bher 1/59
cabaret
Kara 2/207
candle
Kand 1/209
Neku/328
cable
Habl/189
candy
Gwhen 1/182
bronchitis
Kap/210
cane
Gwhen 1/184
Gwer 3/180
cadmium
Q.d.m/380
cannon
Gwhen 1/184
bronze
Berenza/4 7
cadre
Kwetwer/265
canon
Gwhen 1/184
broth
Bher 5/61
Caesar
Skhai/427
Canterbury
brother
Bher 1/59
cafe'
Kaffa/203
Bhergh/63
Ter 3/475
caffeine
Kaffa/203
canyon
Gwhen 1/184
brow
Bhru 1/67
caftan
Kaftan/203
caper Kapparis/211
brown
Bher 4/60
cage
Keu 2/232
capstan
Kap/210
brunet
Bher 4/60
caiique
Kay ik/ 216
capsule
Kap/210
buck
Bhugo/68
cake
Kak 4/205
caption
Kap/210
bucket
Beu 2/48
calamity
Kel 6/222
captive
Kap/210
buckle
Beu 2/48
calendar
Kel 3/221
caracal
Kar 2/213
bud
Beu 2/48
calender
Skel 1/423
carafe
Gh.r.f/165
Buddha
Bheudh/65
calf
Gwelbh/177
caramel
Kolemos/242
budget
Bhel/54
caliber
Kii 1/253
carat
Ker 1/226
buffalo
Gwou/187
Ped/354
caravan
Koro/244
build
Bheu 3/64
call
Gal/ 13 6
carbasus
Karpasah/213
604
English
c - c
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
carbon
Ker 5/228
caviar
Aw/43
chassis
Kap/210
carboy
Qirbah/381
cedar
Q. t.r/382
chastity
Kes 1/231
carburetor
cement
Skhai/427
chateau
Kes 1/231
Ker 5/228
cemetery
Kei 4/219
chauffeur
Kel 1/220
carcinogen
censor
Kens/225
chebule
Kapul/211
Kar 1/212
census
Kens/225
check
Ksei 1/248
card
Cartes/74
cent
Dekm/85
checkmate
cardiac
Kerd 1/229
centenary
Dekm/85
Ksei 1/248
cardiovascular
centennial
Dekm/85
M.v. t/315
Kerd 1/229
centigrade
cheek
Ker 1/22 6
caress
Ka 1/201
Gredh/1 69
chemical
Gheu 1/162
Carl
Ger 2/144
centimeter
Dekm/85
chemise
Kern 2/223
carmine
Gene 1/141
centrifugal
Bheug/65
chemisette
Wer 2/515
century
Dekm/85
Kern 2/223
carnival
Legwh/27 5
cephalic
chemistry
Al 3/17
Sek/409
Ghebh-el/152
Gheu 1/162
carnivorous
ceramic
Ker 5/228
Kers 2/230
Gwer 3/180
chaeta
Ghait/149
cherish
Ka 1/201
Sek/409
chafer
Geph/142
cherub
B.r.k/71
Carolina
Ger 2/144
chair
Sed/406
chess
Ksei 1/248
carrot
Ker 1/22 6
chalazion
Gheled/156
chew
Geu 3/148
cart
Ger 1/143
chamber
Kam 2/207
chibouk
Cop/ 7 7
carton
Cartes/74
Champaign
chicane
Cop/ 7 7
cartoon
Cartes/74
Kam 2/207
chicanery
Cop/77
cartridge
Cartes/74
champion
Kam 2/207
chiffon
S.f.f/419
cascade
Kad 2/202
chance
Kad 2/202
chimney
Kam 2/207
case
Kap/210
chandelier
chin
Genu 2/142
cassock
Kaz/216
Kand 1/209
chinch
Kei 1/217
castle
Kes 1/231
channel Gwhen 1/184
chisel
Skhai/427
castrate
Kes 1/231
character
chiton
Kitu/238
catch
Kap/210
Gher 3/159
chlorine
Ghel/156
caterpillar
Pilo/373
charades
Car/74
chloroform
Cathay
Khitan/236
charisma
Gher 4/159
Morwi/311
cathode
Sed/405
charismatic
chlorophyl
Bhel/55
Catholic
Sol/434
Gher 4/159
Ghel/156
Caucasiar
Kreu/24 6
charity
Ka 1/201
choice
Geus/148
Kii 1/253
charlatan
Car/74
choir
Gher 1/158
caution
Keu 3/233
Charles
Ger 2/144
cholestero
cave
Keu 2/232
chart
Cartes/74
Ster 3/450
caveat
Keu 3/233
chasm
Ghei/152
choose
Geus/148
605
English
c - c
WORD
Roo
t/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
chorus
Gher
1/158
clause
Kleu 2/241
committee
Christ
Gher
3/159
clay
Gel/139
Smeit/430
Christian
Gher
3/159
clear
Kei 3/221
commode
Me 2/294
Christmas
client
Klei/239
common
Mei 3/297
Gher
3/159
Kleu 1/240
commotior
1 Mew/309
chrome
Gher
3/159
climate
Klei/239
communicate
chromium
climax
Klei/239
Mei 3/297
Gher
3/159
climb
Gel/139
communism
chromosome
cling
Gel/139
Mei 3/297
Gher
3/159
clone
Kei 6/222
communis
t
chronic
Gher
1/158
close
Kleu 2/241
Mei 3/297
chronicle
Gher
1/158
closet
Kleu 2/241
compact
Pak/350
chronolog
cal
cloud
Gel/139
company
Pa/350
Gher
1/158
clown
Gel/139
compare
Per 4/368
chronometer
Kwel/2 61
compass
Pet 2/371
Gher
1/158
club
Gel/139
compensate
cimetar
Sfsyr/419
clumsy
Gel/139
Spen/437
cimex
Kei
1/217
clutch
Gel/139
compete
Pet 1/370
cinema
Kei
2/218
coal
Dhogh/104
compose
Apo/30
cinnabar
coast
Kost/245
compress
Per 3/367
Sinkadrus/420
coffee
Kaffa/203
conceal
Kei 2/220
cipher
Keu
2/232
coin
Ku 2/254
concise
Skhai/427
circle
Sker
1/424
collar
Kwel/2 61
conclude
Kleu 2/241
circuit
Ei/118
Colombia
Kei 4/222
concord
Kerd 1/229
circumcise
Colombo
Kei 4/222
condemn
Da 1/78
Skhai/427
colon
Skel 1/423
condominium Dem/86
circus
Sker
1/424
colony
Kwel/2 61
conduct
Deuk/92
citation
Kei
2/218
color
Kei 2/220
cone
Ak/13
cither
Ten
1/471
Columba
Kei 4/222
confess
Bha 2/50
citric
Q.t
r/382
columbarii
jm
confirm
Dher 1/98
citrus
Q.t
r/382
Kei 4/222
confuse
Gheu 1/162
cittern
Ten
1/471
Columbia
Kei 4/222
congratulate
city
Kei
4/219
Columbus
Kei 4/222
Gwer 2/179
civet
Z.b
d/54
come
Gwa/1 73
congress
Gredh/1 69
civic
Kei
4/219
comfort
Bhergh/63
conjugate
Yeu 1/535
civil
Kei
4/219
comment
Men 1/302
connect
Ned/ 32 4
civilization
Kei
4/219
commerce
Merk/307
conscience Sek/409
claim
Kei
3/221
commission
conserve
Ser 2/416
clamp
Gel/139
Smeit/430
consort
Ser 3/416
class
Kei
3/221
commit
Smeit/430
constant
Sta/445
S06
English
C - D
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
constellation
crack
Ger 4/145
curcuma
Ster 2/450
cradle
Ger 1/143
Kurkanu/257
construct
Ster 1/449
crane
Ger 4/145
curium
Skeu 2/425
consul
Kel 3/221
crank
Ger 1/143
curl
Ger 1/143
contain
Ten 1/472
cravat
Gwer 4/181
curtain
Gher 1/158
contest
Trei/481
cream
Gher 3/159
curvature
context
Tex/4 79
credit
Kerd 1/229
Sker 1/424
contribute
Bheu 3/64
creep
Ger 1/143
curve
Sker 1/424
control
Ret/392
cremate
Ker 5/228
cushion
Kenk 1/224
convection Wegh/501
crepe
Sker 1/424
cushy
Su 1/454
convert
Wer 2/515
crest
Sker 1/424
custom
Seu 1/417
convex
Wegh/501
crib
Ger 1/143
cutis
Skeu 2/425
cook
Pekw/358
cricket
Ker 3/22 7
cutlet
Kost/245
cookie
Kak 4/205
crimson
Gene 1/141
cycle
Kwel/2 61
coordinate
Ar/32
Wer 2/515
cygnet
Keuk 1/235
copy
Op/ 34 4
cripple
Ger 1/143
cylinder
Kwel/2 61
cordial
Kerd 1/229
crisp
Sker 1/424
Skel 1/423
core
Kerd 1/229
Croat
Gwer 4/181
cymbal
Geu 1/147
corn
Ger 2/144
Croatia
Gwer 4/181
Cyrus
Sker 1/424
corner
Ker 1/22 6
crocodile
Korka/243
cyst
Kwes/2 64
corona
Sker 1/424
croon
Ger 4/145
czar
Skhai/427
corporation Kwer/2 63
crop
Ger 1/143
Czechoslovakia
corpse
Kwer/2 63
crow
Ger 4/145
Kleu 1/240
correct
Reg 1/387
crown
Sker 1/424
corrupt
Reu 2/393
crude
Kreu/24 6
D
corset
Kwer/2 63
crumb
Ger 1/143
cosmetic
Kens/225
crust
Kreu/24 6
dad
Atos/38
cosmic
Kens/225
crutch
Ger 1/143
daddy
Atos/38
cosmonaut Na 1/316
cryogenic
Kreu/24 6
dairy
Dheigh/96
cosmos
Kens/225
crystal
Kreu/24 6
damage
Da 1/78
cost
Sta/445
cube
K.a* .b/201
damn
Da 1/78
cotton
Kitu/238
cuisine
Pekw/358
damp
Dhem/97
council
Kel 3/221
culture
Kwel/2 61
Dan
Dinu/108
couple
Ap 2/28
cummerbund
danger
Dem/86
courage
Kerd 1/229
Kara 2/207
Daniel
Dinu/108
court
Gher 1/158
cuneiform
Ku 2/254
Layh/2 73
courtesy
Gher 1/158
cup
Geu 1/147
Danube
Da 2/79
cousin
Seu 1/417
Cupid
Kup 2/256
dare
Dhars/93
cover
Wer 3/516
cur
Ger 4/145
dark
Dher 2/99
cow
Gwou/187
curb
Sker 1/424
data
Do 2/109
607
English
D - D
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
date 1
Daqal/79
denominate Nomn/34
difficult
Dhe 2/95
date 2
Do 2/109
dental
Ed/117
digit
Deik/82
daughter
Dheugh/101
denture
Ed/ 117
dignity
Dek/83
Ter 3/475
deny
Ne 1/321
dim
Dhem/97
dawn
Dhogh/104
depend
Spen/437
dime
Dekm/84
day
Dhogh/104
derange
Sker 1/424
dimension
Me 2/293
deaf
Dheu 2/100
derive
Er 1/126
Dinar
Dekm/84
Debbie
D.b.r/80
-derm
Der 1/89
dinosaur
Dwei/114
Deborah
D.b.r/80
derma
Der 1/89
diphtheria
Deph/88
debris
Bher 3/60
Der 1/89
diploma
Dwo/115
deca-
Dekm/84
descend
Skand/422
diplomat
Dwo/115
decade
Dekm/84
desiccate
Seiku/407
dire
Dwei/114
decay
Kad 2/202
desk
Deik/82
direct
Reg 1/387
deceive
Kap/210
destroy
Ster 1/449
disaster
Ster 2/450
Decembe
Dekm/84
detect
Steg/447
disc
Deik/82
decent
Dek/83
determine
Ter 1/474
disciple
Dek/83
deci-
Dekm/84
detonate
Ten 2/472
discipline
Dek/83
decimal
Dekm/84
devil
Dwo/115
discuss
Deik/82
decipher
Keu 2/232
Gwel 1/176
disgust
Geus/148
deck
Steg/447
devote
Wegwh/502
dismal
Mel 2/299
declare
Kel 3/221
dew
Dheu 1/99
dispatch
Ped/353
decline
Klei/239
dexter
Dek/83
disrupt
Reu 2/393
decorate
Dek/83
dextro-
Dek/83
distance
Sta/445
deed
Dhe 2/95
diabetes
Dwo/115
distinguish
Steig/448
deer
Dheu 2/100
Gwa/1 73
divert
Wer 2/515
defeat
Dhe 2/95
diadem
De 1/80
divest
Wes 3/521
defense
Gwhen 2/185
diagnosis
Gno/168
divide
Weidh/505
defer
Bher 1/59
diagonal
Genu 1/142
divine
Dei/81
degree
Gredh/1 69
dial
Dei/81
dizzy
Dheu 2/100
deity
Dei/81
dialysis
Dwo/115
do
Dhe 2/95
deliberate
Leu/280
doctor
Dek/83
Lithra/284
dialyze
Leu/280
document
Dek/83
Delilah
D. 1.1/108
diameter
Dwo/115
dolman
Dolmak/109
deliver
Leudh/281
Me 2/293
dolman sleeve
democracy Da 1/78
diamond
Dema/87
Dolmak/109
Kar 1/212
diarrhea
Ser 1/415
dolphin
Gwelbh/177
demography Da 1/78
diary
Dei/81
domain
Dem/86
demon
Da 1/78
dictate
Deik/82
dome
Dem/86
demonstrate
diet
Ai/8
domestic
Dem/86
Men 1/302
differ
Bher 1/59
dominate
Dem/86
)08
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
English
D - E
Root/Page
donate Do 2/109
door Dhwer/106
Dorothy Do 2/109
dose Do 2/109
douche Deuk/92
dough Dheigh/96
dove Dheu 2/100
dozen Dekm/84
Dwo/115
draft Dhragh 1/105
drag Dhragh 1/105
dragoman
Ragamu/384
dragon Derk/90
drape Der 1/89
draw Dhragh 1/105
dream Dhreugh/105
dress Reg 1/387
drill Ter 1/474
drink Dhragh 1/105
-drome Der 2 /90
droshky
Dhragh 1/105
drown Dhragh 1/105
duct Deuk/92
dull Dheu 2/100
dumb Dheu 2/100
dungeon Dem/86
duration Deru 1 /91
dust Dheu 2/100
dysfunction Dus/113
dystrophy Dus/113
E
eagle Akwa/14
ear Ous 1/347
early Ayer/44
east Aus 2/41
Easter Aus 2/41
eat Ed/117
ebony Hebni/190
echolalia La/270
eclipse Leigh 2/277
eco- Weik 2/506
ecology Weik 2/506
economy Nem 1/329
Weik 2/506
eddy Eti/132
eddy current Eti/132
Edgar Ghei 2/154
edge Ak/12
edible Ed/ 117
edit Do 2/109
educate Deuk/92
effect Dhe 2/95
effort Bhergh/63
egg Aw/ 4 3
ego Eg/2 2 8
eight Okto/342
eighteen Okto/342
eighty Okto/342
either Kwo/2 6"7
El Layh/2 73
elbow El 3 /122
element Yb/533
elephant Yb/533
elevate Legwh/275
eleven I 2/195
Leigh 2/277
Elijah Layh/2 73
Elisha Layii/2 73
elixir Al 3/17
Ksero/250
Elizabeth Layh/273
elk El 2/122
elm E2 2/122
Elohim Layii/2 73
else A2 1/15
embalm Busma/72
embassy Ag/5
Ambhi/21
emblic Amalaka/20
embrace Mregu/312
emerald B.r.q/71
eminent Men 3/303
emit Smeit/430
Emmanuel
A' .m.m/22
emotion Mew/309
emphasis, phos
Bha 1/49
empty Me 2/294
emulsion Melg/300
en- En/124
enamel Mel 3/300
encyclopedia
Kwel/2 61
Pou/376
energy Werg 1/519
engine Gene 1/141
engineer Gene 1/141
England Ang/2 6
English Ang/26
enormous Gnd/168
enough Neku/328
entity Es 2/131
envy Weid/504
enzyme Yeu 3/536
epidemic Da 1/78
Epi/125
epilepsy Epi/125
Episcopal Epi/125
episode En/124
Sed/405
equilibrium
Lithra/284
era Aios/10
ere Ayer/44
error Eres 1/130
609
English
E - F
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
erst Ayer/44
escalator Skand/422
escort Reg 1/387
esophagus Bhag/52
Spek/436
Es 2/131
Isto/197
Aidh/9
Eti/132
I 2/194
Ki 2/237
Ed/ 117
Ai w/1 1
Seu 1/417
ethmoid bone
Se 3/404
Seu 1/417
Steii
espionage
essence
-est
estuary
et cetera
etch
eternity
ethics
ethnic
etiquette
eucalyptus
Kel 2/220
Su 1/456
Euclid Su 1/456
Eugene Gene 1/141
Su 1/456
Euphrates Per 2/365
Su 1/454
Europe Erebu/128
euterp Terp/4 75
Evangelical Agaru/6
Su 1/456
Kup 2/256
evaporate
Eve
evening
event
ever
every
evident
evil
evolution
exact
H.y.y/193
Apo/30
Gwa/1 73
Ai w/1 1
Ai w/1 1
We id/504
Upo/489
Wei 3/511
Ag/5
excavate
except
excite
exclude
execute
exhale
exhort
exile
exit
expect
expend
explain
express
extinguish
eye
eyebrow
Keu 2/232
Kap/210
Kei 2/218
Kleu 2/241
Sekw/410
An 1/24
Gher 4/159
AI 4/18
Ei/118
Sta/445
Spek/436
Spen/437
Pele/361
Per 3/367
Steig/448
Okw/343
Bhru 1/67
face
Dhe 2/95
facility
Dhe 2/95
fact
Dhe 2/95
factor
Dhe 2/95
factory
Dhe 2/95
faculty
Dhe 2/95
fail
Ghuel/166
failure
Ghuel/166
falcon
Pel 2/360
false
Ghuel/166
fame
Bha 2/50
familiar
Dhe 2/95
family
Dhe 2/95
fan
We 1/496
far
Per 1/364
farm
Dher 1/98
fascism
Bhendh/57
fat
Pei/355
fate
Bha 2/50
father
Pa/350
eather
eed
: eel
: ellow
: emale
ence
: ender
: erment
ertile
ervent
etch
etus
: eudal
ever
ew
iction
ield
ifteen
ifty
ight
igure
ilament
ile
'Net
ilth
ind
inger
irm
irst
1st
istic
ive
lat
loor
Florence
lorist
lourish
Ter 3/475
Pet 1/370
Pa/350
Pol /375
Pek/357
Dhe 1 /93
Gwhen 2/185
Gwhen 2/185
Bher 5/61
Bher 1/59
Bher 5/61
Ped/354
Dhe 1 /93
Pek/357
Dhogh/104
Pou/376
Dheigh/96
Pele/361
Penkwe/362
Penkwe/362
Pek/357
Dheigh/96
Gwhi/186
Gwhi/186
Peig/356
Gwhi/186
Pu 4/378
Pent/ 362
Penkwe/362
Dher 1/98
Isto/197
Per 1/364
Penkwe/362
Bistak/69
Penkwe/362
Pele/361
Pele/361
Bhel/55
Bhel/55
Bhel/55
610
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
English
F - G
Root/Page
flower. Bhel/55
fluent Bhel/55
fluid Bhel/55
fluorescent Bhel/55
fluoride Bhel/55
flush Bhel/55
flute Agaruh/6
Al 3/17
flux Bhel/55
foliage Bhel/55
font Gheu 1/162
food Pa/ 350
foot Ped/354
for Per 1/364
forbid Bheudh/65
force Bhergh/63
forceps Gwher/186
Kap/210
forego Ghe 1/151
foreign Dhwer/106
forest Dhwer/106
former Per 1/364
formic [acid]
Morwi/311
fort Bhergh/63
fortify Dhe 2/95
forty Kwetwer/265
foul Pu 4/378
foundation Bhun/68
fountain Dhen/97
four Kwetwer/265
fourteen
Kwetwer/265
Franc Frankon/134
France Frankon/134
franchise
Frankon/134
Frank Frankon/134
Franklin Frankon/134
fraternity Bher 1/59
free Prl/377
fresh Prl/377
friction Bher 3/60
Friday Prl/377
friend Prl/377
fry Bher 2/59
fugitive Bheug/65
full Pel 2/359
fume Diieu 2/2 00
fundamental Bhun/68
fungus Spongo /441
funnel Gheu 1/162
fur Pa/350
furnace Gwher/186
fuse Giieu 2/2 6"2
fustic Bistak/69
future Biieu 3/6"4
fuzzy Pu 4/378
-fy Dhe 2/95
gable Ghebh-el/152
Gabriel j.&.r/200
Layh/2 73
galingale
Kulanja/255
galiot Gaulos/138
galleon Gaulos/138
galley Gaulos/138
galliot Gaulos/138
gamo- Geme/140
-gamy Geme/140
gander Ghans/149
gang Ghengh/157
gangrene Gras/169
gangster Ghengh/157
gannet Ghans/149
gap Ghei/152
gape Ghei/152
garden Gher 1/158
garfish Ghei 2/2 54
gargle Gwer 3/180
garlic Ghei 2/254
gasket Wreg 1/527
gasp Ghei/152
-gate Ag/5
gauze Kaz/22 6"
Gazelle G.z. 1/188
gazette Gzn/188
Gemini Yem/534
gene Gene 1/141
general Gene 1/141
generation
Gene 1/141
genius Gene 1/141
gentle Gene 1/141
geometry Me 2/293
George Werg 1/519
Gerald Ghei 2/154
geranium Ger 4/145
Gerard Kar 1/212
geyser Gheu 1/162
ghost Gheis/155
ghoul G. v. 1/171
gibbon Ab 2/3
Z.n.y/541
Gibraltar Al 3/17
J.b.l /199
gilet Ijlak/196
ginger Ker 1/22 6
gingerale Ker 1/22 6
giraffe Zarafah/539
gizzard Yekwer/533
glad Ghel/156
gladiator Kel 6/222
glass Ghel/156
globe Gel/139
globule Gel/139
gloss Ghel/156
)11
English
G - H
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
glossolalic
i La/2 70
griffin
B.r.k/71
hatch
Kak 1/204
glow
Ghel/156
grim
Ghrem/1 64
hate
Kad 1/202
glue
Gel/139
group
Ger 1/143
have
Kap/210
gnat
Ghen/157
grumble
Ghrem/1 64
hay
Kau/215
gnaw
Ghen/157
guide
We id/504
he
Ki 2/237
gnosis
Gno/168
guitar
Ten 1/471
heap
Geu 1/147
go
Ghe 1/151
Trei/481
hear
Keu 3/233
goat
Ghaido/148
gun
Gwhen 2/185
heart
Kerd 1/229
God
Ghu 1/165
gust
Gheu 1/162
hearth
Ker 5/228
gold
Ghel/156
gym
Nogw/339
heaven
Kam 2/207
gondola
Gwhen 1/183
gymnasium Nogw/339
heavy
Kap/210
good-bye
Ghu 1/165
gymnastics Nogw/339
Hebrew
A* .b.r/4
good-night Ghu 1/165
gynecology
hectare
As/35
goose
Ghans/149
Gwen 1/178
Dekm/85
grab
Ghrebh/1 64
gyno-
Gwen 1/178
hecto-
Dekm/85
grace
Gwer 2/179
gypsum
Gassu/138
heel
Kenk 1/224
gracile
Kerk/230
gyroscope Geu 1/14 6
heir
Ghe 1/151
gracious
Gwer 2/179
Helen
Sawel/403
grade
Gredh/1 69
H
helicopter
Pet 1/370
gradient
Gredh/1 69
helium
Sawel/403
graduate
Gredh/1 69
hack
Keg/ 21 7
helix
Wei 3/511
grain
Ger 2/144
Hagar
H.j.r/190
hell
Kel 2/220
granite
Ger 2/144
half
Sek/409
helmet
Kel 2/220
granule
Ger 2/144
hall
Kel 2/220
hemorrhoid
grape
Ger 1/143
hame
Kara 1/206
Ser 1/415
grasp
Ghrebh/1 64
hamlet
Kei 4/219
hence
Ki 2/237
grateful
Gwer 2/179
Hamlet
Kei 4/219
Henry
Kei 4/219
grave
Gwer 1/178
hammer
Ak/12
heparin
Yekwer/533
gravel
Gher 3/159
harbor
Bhergh/63
hepatic
Yekwer/533
gravity
Gwer 1/178
Koro/244
her
Ki 2/237
gravy
Ger 2/144
hard
Kar 1/212
herb
Bheu 3/64
grease
Kiru/238
harem
H.r.m/192
Herbert
Koro/244
great
Gher 3/159
harm
Kormo/243
Hercules
Ser 2/416
greave
Giirb/1 70
harmattan H.r.m/192
herd
Kerd 2/229
greed
Gher 4/159
harmony
Ar/32
here
Ki 2/237
greedy
Gher 4/159
harness
Nes 1/332
heredity
Ghe 1/151
greet
Ghlad/163
Harold
Koro/244
herem
H.r.m/192
Gregorian
Ger 3/145
Harry
Koro/244
heritage
Ghe 1/151
Gregory
Ger 3/145
hasis
H.s.s/193
Herman
Koro/244
grief
Gwer 1/178
hasta
Ghesto/161
Men 1/302
S12
English
H - I
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
hero
Ser 2/416
horticulture
iceberg
Bhergh/63
heterodox
Dek/83
Gher 1/158
idea
We id/504
hexadecimal
hose
Skeu 2/425
identical
I 2/194
Sweks/4 60
hostage
Sed/406
identify
I 2/194
hexagon
Sweks/4 60
hound
Kwon/2 68
identity
I 2/194
hibernate
Ghei 1/153
hour
Ei/119
if
I 2/194
hide
Skeu 2/425
housel
Kwen 1/2 61
ignore
Gno/168
high, height
how
Kwo/2 67
ihram
H.r.m/192
Geu 1/147
hue
Kei 1/217
illuminate
Leuk/282
him
Ki 2/237
human
Ghdhem/150
illustrate
Leuk/282
Himalayan
humane
Ghdhem/150
Immanuel
A' .m.m/22
Ghei 1/153
humble
Ghdhem/150
Layh/2 73
Hindu
Sy and/ 463
humid
Wegw/501
immediate
hip
Geu 1/147
humility
Ghdhem/150
Medhyo/295
hippopotamus
humor
Wegw/501
immigration
Ekwos/121
hump
Geu 1/147
Mei 3/297
Pet 1/370
hunch
Kung/255
imminent
Men 3/303
his
Ki 2/237
hunch-back Kung/255
impede
Ped/353
history
We id/504
hundred
Dekm/85
impose
Apo/30
hoard
Urmak/491
husband
Bheu 3/64
in
En/124
Hobson-jobson
hut
Skeu 2/425
in- 1
En/124
H.s.n/192
hyacinth
in- 2
Ne 1/322
hoe
Kau/215
Hyak
inthos/193
inaugurate
Aueg/4
hog
Su 2/457
hydrant
Wed/ 4 98
incandescent
hole
Kel 2/220
hydro
Wed/ 4 98
Kand 1/209
hollow
Kel 2/220
hydrogen
Gene 1/141
inch
I 2/195
holocaust
Ku 1/253
Wed/ 4 98
incident
Kad 2/202
Sol/434
hyena
Su 2/457
incision
Skhai/427
hologram
Sol/434
hygiene
Gwei/175
incline
Klei/239
holograph
Sol/434
Su 1/456
include
Kleu 2/241
homicide
Ghdhem/150
hyper
Upo/490
income
Gwa/1 73
homogenous
hyperbola
indemnify
Da 1/78
Sem 1/412
Gwel 1/176
index
Deik/82
hone
Ak/13
hypnotism
Swep/4 62
India
Sy and/ 463
hoof
Kapho/211
hysteresis
Ud 1/486
Indian
Sy and/ 463
hook
Keg/ 21 7
indigo
Sy and/ 463
hoopoe
Opop/345
I
indium
Sy and/ 463
horn
Ker 1/22 6
Indonesia
Sna/431
horoscope
Ei/119
1
Eg/ 118
induce
Deuk/92
horror
Ghers/1 60
ice
Eis 2/120
induction
Deuk/92
613
English
I - K
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
industry
Ster 1/449
iris
Wei 1/502
Jim
A' .q.b/30
ineffective
Ne 1/322
iron
Eis 1/119
Joanne
H.n.n/191
inept
Ap 2/28
irony
Wer 1/514
Joel
Layh/2 73
infant
Bha 2/50
is
Es 2/131
John
H.n.n/191
inferior
En/124
Isaac
Z.h.k/540
join
Yeu 1/535
infest
Dhars/93
Ishmael
Layh/2 73
journal
Dei/81
influence
Bhel/55
S.m. 'a/430
journey
Dei/81
ingot
Gheu 1/162
Islam
S.l.m/429
jowl
Geph/142
ingredient
Gredh/1 69
island
Akwa/14
judge
Deik/82
inhale
An 1/24
isosceles
Skel 1/423
juice
Yeu 3/536
inherit
Ghe 1/151
Israel
Layh/2 73
julep
Ab 1/1
initial
Ei/118
it
Ki 2/237
Wrdho/52 6
innocent
Nek 1/327
item
I 2/194
Julian
Dei/81
innovate
Newo/334
iterate
I 2/194
Julius
Dei/81
insect
Sek/408
Ivan
H.n.n/191
July
Dei/81
insert
Ser 3/416
ivory
Yb/533
jungle Jangalah/198
inspect
Spek/436
junior
Yeu 2/535
instant
Sta/445
J
jupe
J.b.b/198
instinct
Steig/448
Jupiter
Dei/81
instruction
Jack
A' .q.b/30
jupon
J.b.b/198
Ster 1/449
jackal
Srgala/443
juvenile
Yeu 2/535
inter-
En/124
Jacob
A' .q.b/30
interest
En/124
Jacqueline
K
Es 2/131
A' .q.b/30
interface
En/124
jail
Keu 2/232
Kaaba
K.a' .b/201
interfere
Bher 3/60
James
A' .q.b/30
Kabul
Kapul/211
international En/124
Jane
H.n.n/191
kameez
Kern 2/223
interrupt
Reu 2/393
janitor
Ei/119
Karl
Ger 2/144
interview
We id/504
January
Ei/119
kennel
Kwon/2 68
intestine
En/124
Jaob
Ab 2/3
kermes
Gene 1/141
intimate
En/124
jar
K.r.v/247
Wer 2/515
introduction Deuk/92
Jasper 1
Gzn/188
kerosene
Kiru/238
invent
Gwa/1 73
jasper 2
Yasfa/532
khaki
Xak/528
invert
Wer 2/515
jealous
Ya/531
khan
Khan/236
invest
Wes 3/521
Jean
H.n.n/191
Khitan
Khitan/ 236
involve
Wei 3/511
jecoral
Yekwer/533
Khotan
Khitan/ 236
ion
Ei/119
jersey
Skhai/427
kidney
Aw/43
Ionian
H.n.n/191
Jersey
Skhai/427
kiln
Pekw/358
Ionic
H.n.n/191
Jerusalem s.l.m/429
kilo
Gheslo/161
Ireland
Al 1/15
Yarah/532
kilogram
Gheslo/161
)14
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
English
K - M
Root/Page
kilometer Gheslo/161
kilowatt Gheslo/161
kind Gene 1/141
kindergarten
Gher 1/158
kinetic Kei 2/218
king Gene 1/141
kiosk Geu 1/14 6
kitchen Pekw/358
knee Genu 1/142
kneel Genu 1/142
Kneseth Kel 3/221
know Gnd/168
Krishna Ker 4/228
Kers 2/230
kudos Keu 3/233
kummerbund
Kara 2/207
lacerate Lek/279
lackey ui/487
lacquer Alek/19
Reg 3/388
ladder Klei/239
lady Dheigh/96
lamb El 2/122
lament La/270
language Dinghw/107
laparotomy Lep/2 79
lapis lazuli Lajin/271
lark Leig/276
last lsto/197
lathi Lakti/271
Latvia Leudh/281
lead Leith/2 78
leaf Leup/283
lean Klei/239
leather Letro/280
eaven Legwh/275
eg Lek/2 78
emon Nimbu/336
emonade Nlmbu/336
end Leigh 2/277
Leonard Kar 1/212
eopard Prs/377
etter Deph/88
ever Legwh/275
iberty Leudh/281
Libra Lithra/284
ick Leigii 2/2 76"
id Klei/239
ife Leip/2 78
ight 1 Leuk/282
ight 2 Legwii/2 75
ighting Leuk/282
ightning Leuk/282
ilac Afei 1/326
ime Nimbu/336
ip Lab/2 74
iquid Leigh 2/277
iquor Leigh 2/277
isten KJeu 1/240
iter Lithra/284
iterature Deph/88
itre Lithra/284
ive Leip/278
iver Leip/278
izard Leic/2 78
oad Leith/278
oan Leigh 2/277
obby Leup/283
obster Leic/2 78
OCUSt Leic/2 78
odge Leup/283
oft Leup/283
ogarithm Ar/32
oil sharob Lal/2 72
ong Del/86
longitude Del/86
loot Leup/283
Los Angeles Agaru/6"
lot KJeu 2/242
lottery Kieu 2/242
lotto Kleu 2/241
lotus Ladunu/270
loud Kleu 2/240
lull La/270
lunar Leuk/282
luster Leuic/282
lute Agaruh/6
Al 3/17
M
Macedonia Mak/290
machine Maghl/288
macrame Q.r.m/382
macro- Mak/290
macron Mak/290
mad Mei 3/297
Madame Dem/86
Madonna Dem/86
magazine Gzn/188
Maggie
Murvarit/315
magic Maghl/288
magnitude Meg/295
magnum Meg/295
maharajah Meg/295
mahatma Meg/295
maid Maghos/289
maiden Maghos/289
main Maghl/288
majesty Meg/295
major Meg/295
malachite M.l.h/310
malady Mel 2/299
Malaga M.l.h/310
>15
English
M - M
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
malaria Mel 2/299
margin
Merg/307
mattress
T.r.h/483
We 1/496
Maria
R.y.m/396
mauve
M.l.h/310
malfunction
Marianne
R.y.m/396
maximum
Emos/123
Mel 2/299
marihuana
Meg/295
malicious Mel 2/299
R.y.m/396
may
Maghl/288
malignant Mel 2/299
marijuana
R.y.m/396
May
Meg/295
mallemuck Muk/314
Marilyn
R.y.m/396
mayor
Meg/295
mallow M.l.h/310
Marjorie
meager
Mak/290
malt Mel 3/300
Mu
rvarlt/315
meal
Me 2/293
mammal Ma/286
mark
Merg/307
mean 1
Medhyo/295
man Men 1/302
market
Merk/307
mean 2
Mel 3/297
mandil
marrano
H.r.m/192
measure
Me 2/293
Mantellum/291
marrow
Mozgo/312
meat
Mad/28 7
mandrel Menth/304
martyr
Mer 1/304
mechanic
Maghl/288
mandril Menth/304
Marvin
R.y.m/396
median
Medhyo/295
mane Men 3/303
Mary
R.y.m/396
medicine
Me 2/294
maneuver Op/344
mascara
S.x.r/463
Mediterranean
maniac Men 1/302
mask
S.x.r/463
Medhyo/295
manifest Dhars/93
masque
S.x.r/463
Ters/476
manikin Men 1/302
masquerade
medium
Medhyo/295
manipulate
S.x.r/463
meed
Mizdho/310
Pel 1/359
massage
M.s.s/313
mega-
Meg/295
mansion Men 2/303
master
Meg/295
melancholy Ghel/156
manteau
mat
Mad/287
Mel 1/299
Mantellum/291
mat 1
M.v. t/315
melt
Mel 3/300
mar Mer 3/306
matador
M.v. t/315
memory
Mer 1/304
maranatha
match 1
Meug/308
menorah
N.w.r/341
H.r.m/192
mate 1
Mad/28 7
mental
Men 1/302
marble Mer 2/305
mate 2
M.v. t/315
mention
Men 1/302
marcasite
material
Ma/286
merchant
Merk/307
Magslsa/289
maternal
Ma/286
mercury
Merk/307
march Merg/307
maternity
Ma/286
mercy
Merk/307
Margaret
mathematics
merry
Mregu/312
Murvarlt/315
Men 1/302
Messiah
M.s.h/312
margarine
matrimony
Ma/286
metabolism
Murvarlt/315
matrix
Ma/286
Gwel 1/176
Margarita
mattamore
metallurgy
i
Murvarlt/315
Temar/470
Werg 1/519
margarite
matte
Mad/28 7
meteor
Wer 6/517
Murvarlt/315
matter
Ma/286
meter
Me 2/293
616
English
M - N
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
method
Sed/405
model
Me 2/294
motor
Mew/ 30 9
methylene
Medhu/294
moderate
Me 2/294
mount
Men 3/303
metro
Ma/286
modern
Me 2/294
mountain
Men 3/303
metropolitan Ma/286
modest
Me 2/294
mourn
Mer 1/304
Michael
Layh/273
modify
Dhe 2/95
mouse
Mu/313
microbe
Gwei/175
module
Me 2/294
mouth
Menth/304
microscope Spek/436
mogul
Muk/314
move
Mew/ 30 9
middle
Medhyo/295
Moharram
mow
Muk/314
might
Maghl/288
H.r.m/192
much
Meg/295
migraine
Ker 1/226
moist
Meug/308
mucro
Meuk/309
migrate
Mei 3/297
mold
Me 2/294
mucus
Meug/308
mild
Mel 3/300
mollusk
Mel 3/300
mud
Meu 1/308
mile
Gheslo/161
momentum Mew/309
mulch
Mel 3/300
milk
Mel g/ 300
mona
Y.m.n/537
mummery Mum/ 31 4
milliard
Gheslo/161
Monday
Me 2/293
mummy
Mum/314
milligram
Gheslo/161
monitor
Men 1/302
murder
Mer 2/305
millimeter
monkey
Y.m.n/537
muscle
Mu/313
Gheslo/161
monsoon
W.s.m/527
museum
Men 1/302
million
Gheslo/161
monster
Men 1/302
music
Men 1/302
mina
Mad/28 7
month
Me 2/293
musk
Mu/313
Mana/290
monument
mussuck
minaret
N.w.r/341
Men 1/302
Masakah/291
mind
Men 1/301
mood
Me 2/294
mussuk
Masakah/291
mine
Mana/290
moon
Me 2/293
must 1
Me 2/294
mini-jupe
J.b.b/198
morbid
Mer 2/306
must 2
Meu 1/308
minimum
Emos/123
more
Meg/295
mustache
Menth/304
mis-
Mei 3/297
Morocco
Erebu/128
mustard
Meu 1/308
miscellaneous
mortal
Mer 2/306
mutton
Mel 3/300
Meig/298
mortar
Mer 2/306
myna
Mad/28 7
misfortune
mortgage
Mer 2/306
Mei 3/297
mortuary
Mer 2/306
N
missile
Smeit/430
mosaic
Men 1/302
mission
Smeit/430
Moslem
S.l.m/429
nail
Nogh/338
mist
Meig/298
mosque
Masgda/292
naked
Nogw/339
mistake
Mei 3/297
moss
Meu 1/308
name
Nomn/34
Mithras
Mei 4/297
most
Isto/197
nana
Nana/319
mitigate
Mei 1/296
mother
Ma/286
nanny
Nana/319
mix
Meig/298
Ter 3/475
nano-
Nana/319
mobile
Mew/ 30 9
motion
Mew/ 30 9
nanometer Nana/ 31 9
mode
Me 2/294
motive
Mew/ 30 9
nanosecond
Nana/ 31 9
)17
English
N - N
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
naphthalene
nephew
Nepot/330
noctule
Noktis/339
Nabatu/317
Neptune
Nebh/323
nocturnal
Noktis/339
naphthol
Nabatu/317
nerve
Sai 2/398
node
Ned/ 32 4
narcissus
Ner 2/332
nervous
Sai 2/398
Noel
Gene 1/141
narcotics
Ner 2/332
nest
Ni 1/335
noise
Na 1/316
nard
Nedo/324
Sed/406
nomad
Nem 1/329
nargeela
net 1
Nei 1/325
nomenclature
Na
rikelah/320
net 2
Ned/ 32 4
Nomn/34
narghile
neurology
Sai 2/398
nominal
Nomn/34
Na
rikelah/320
neuron
Sai 2/398
nominate
Nomn/34
narrow
Ner 2/332
never
Ai w/1 1
-nomy
Nem 1/329
nasal
Nas/320
Ne 1/321
none
I 2/195
naso-
Nas/320
new
Newo/334
Ne 1/321
Nathaniel
Layh/2 73
New Jersey
noon
Newn/333
nation
Gene 1/141
Skhai/427
nor
Ne 1/321
natron
Nitiru/337
nib
Nabja/317
norm
Gno/168
nature
Gene 1/141
nibble
Nabja/317
normal
Gno/168
nausea
Na 1/316
nice
Ne 1/321
Norman
Men 1/302
nautical
Na 1/316
Sek/409
Norway
Wegh/501
nautilus
Na 1/316
niece
Nepot/330
nose
Nas/320
nave
Nobh/337
night
Noktis/339
nostalgia
Nes 1/332
navel
Nobh/337
nightingale
nostril
Nas/320
navigate
Ag/5
Noktis/339
Ter 1/474
Na 1/316
nightmare
Mer 2/305
not
Ne 1/321
navy
Na 1/316
nimbus
Nebh/323
note
Gno/168
neat
Nei 1/325
nine
Newn/333
nothing
Ne 1/321
neb
Nabja/317
nineteen
Newn/333
notify
Gno/168
nebula
Nebh/323
ninety
Newn/333
notorious
Gno/168
nectar
Nek 1/327
nipple
Nabja/317
noun
Nomn/34
Ter 1/474
Nirvana
Nis/336
nova
Newo/334
nectarine
Nek 1/327
We 1/496
novel
Newo/334
Ter 1/474
nitrate
Nitiru/337
Novembe
■ Newn/333
negative
Ne 1/321
nitre
Nitiru/337
novice
Newo/334
neglect
Ne 1/321
nitric
Nitiru/337
now
Newo/334
negotiate
Ne 1/321
nitrogen
Nitiru/337
noxious
Nek 1/327
neighbor
Bheu 3/64
nitroglycerine
nuance
Sneudh/432
neither
Kwo/2 67
Nitiru/337
nude
Nogw/339
Ne 1/321
no
Ne 1/321
nugget
Gheu 1/162
neo-
Newo/334
noble
Gno/168
nuisance
Nek 1/327
neon
Newo/334
nocti-
Noktis/339
null
I 2/195
618
English
N - P
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Ne 1/321
omit
Epi/125
osmosis
Wedh 2/499
numb
Nem 1/329
Smeit/430
ossify
Ost/346
number
Nem 1/329
on
An 3/25
osteo-
Ost/346
numerous
Nem 1/329
one
I 2/195
ostrich
Aw/43
nun
Nana/319
onion
I 2/195
Oswald
An 1/24
nunnery
Nana/319
ooze 1
Wes 1/520
other
An 2/24
nyctalopic
i
ooze 2
Weis/507
otter
Wed/ 4 98
Noktis/339
open
Upo/489
ought
Aik/10
opera
Op/ 34 4
ounce
I 2/195
o
operate
Op/ 34 4
our
Ne 2/322
opium
Swekwo/460
ours
Ne 2/322
obelisk
Gwel 2/177
oppose
Apo/30
out
Ud 1/486
obelus
Gwel 2/177
Epi/125
over
Upo/490
obey
Ous 1/347
optic
Okw/343
ovule
Aw/43
oblong
Del/86
optimum
Op/ 34 4
owe
Aik/10
obnoxious Nek 1/327
option
Op/ 34 4
own
Aik/10
Obol
Gwel 2/177
oral
Ous 2/348
ox
Wegw/501
obscure
Skeu 2/425
orange
Naranga/319
oxygen
Ak/12
observe
Ser 2/416
orchard
Gher 1/158
Gene 1/141
obtain
Epi/125
orchestra
Er 1/127
oyster
Ost/346
occasion
Kad 2/202
orchid
Orghi/345
ocean
Keanos/21 6
order
Ar/32
P
Oku/343
ordinary
Ar/32
octagon
Okto/342
ore
Aios/10
pace
Pak/350
octave
Okto/342
organ
Werg 1/519
Pet 2/371
October
Okto/342
organon
Werg 1/519
pachy-
Bhengh/58
octopus
Ped/354
orient
Er 1/126
pachyderm
odd
Ozgho/348
orifice
Ous 2/348
Bhengh/58
of
Apo/30
origin
Er 1/126
Der 1/89
off
Apo/30
ortho-
Ered/128
Pacific
Pak/350
offense
Gwhen 2/185
orthodontics
pacify
Pak/350
offer
Bher 1/59
Ered/128
pact
Pak/350
Epi/125
orthodox
Dek/83
pagoda
Bheu 3/64
office
Dhe 2/95
Ered/128
Ket/232
Op/ 34 4
orthogonal Ered/128
Pwt/379
often
Op/ 34 4
orthopedics Ered/128
pain
Kwei 1/259
ogee
Ud 1/486
OS
Ost/346
paint
Peig/356
ogive
Ud 1/486
Oscar
An 1/24
pajamas
Ped/353
Oliver
Koro/244
Ghei 2/154
Yds/538
omega
Meg/295
oscillate;
ush
Ous 2/348
palankee
Ang/2 6
619
English
p - p
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
palanquin
Ang/2 6
pass
Pet 2/371
perpendicular
pale
Pel 2/360
passage
Pet 2/371
Spen/437
palette
Pak/350
passport
Per 2/365
Persia
Parsa/352
palladium
Parika/351
Pet 2/371
persuade
Swad/459
palm
Pele/361
pasture
Pa/350
pessimism
Ped/353
pan
Pet 2/371
paternal
Pa/350
petal
Pet 2/371
pancreas
Kreu/24 6
path
Pent/ 3 62
pewter
Sphel/439
pantry
Pa/350
patriot
Pa/350
phagocyte
Bhag/52
papa
Pa/350
patronage
Pa/350
phagoman
ia Bhag/52
parabola
Gwel 1/176
pattern
Pa/350
phagophobia Bhag/52
Per 1/364
peace
Pak/350
-phagos
Bhag/52
paradise
Dheigh/96
peach
Parsa/352
-phagy
Bhag/52
Per 1/363
peacock
Tokei/481
phantom
Bha 1/49
paradox
Dek/83
peafowl
Tokei/481
phase
Bha 1/49
paraffin
Pou/376
pearl
Persna/369
phenomenon
paragraph
Per 1/364
peasant
Pak/350
Bha 1/49
parallel
Al 1/15
pectoral
Peg/355
Philadelph
a
Per 1/364
pedestrian
Ped/353
Bhili/66
parameter
pediatrics
Pou/376
Gwelbh/177
Per 1/364
pedicure
Ped/353
philanthropy
paramount
penalty
Kwei 1/259
Bhili/66
Men 3/303
pendant
Spen/437
Ner 1/331
parasite
Per 1/364
pendulum
Spen/437
philharmor
lie
parcel
Per 4/368
pension
Spen/437
Bhili/66
parchment
penta-
Penkwe/362
Philip
Bhili/66
Parth/352
pentagon
Genu 1/142
Ekwos/121
pard
Prs/377
Penkwe/362
philology
Bhili/66
pardah
Pele/361
pepper Pippali/373
philosophy
Bhili/66
pardon
Do 2/109
per
Per 1/364
Sophos/434
parenthesis Dhe 2/95
percent
Dekm/85
phone
Bha 2/50
En/124
perfect
Dhe 2/95
phosphor
Bher 1/59
parliament
perforate
Bher 3/60
photo
Bha 1/49
Gwel 1/176
perfume
Dheu 2/100
physics
Bheu 3/64
Per 1/364
Peri
Parika/351
picture
Peig/356
parsang
perimeter
Per 1/364
piedmont
Men 3/303
Fra
-sanga/134
period
Sed/405
pigment
Peig/356
part
Per 4/368
periscope
Spek/436
pilaf
Pulaka/379
Parthia
Parth/352
permanen
t
pilaff
Pulaka/379
parting shot
Men 2/303
pilau
Pulaka/379
Parth/352
permit
Smelt/ 430
pile
Pilo/373
620
English
p - p
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
pillage
Pilo/373
Polynesia
Sna/431
pretzel
Mregu/312
pilocarpine Pilo/373
polynomia
prevent
Gwa/1 73
pilot
Ped/354
Pel 1/359
Priam
Kwri/2 69
pine
Pel/355
pomegranate
price
Per 4/368
pistachio
Blstak/69
Ger 2/144
prince
Per 1/364
pivot
Peuk/372
pontoon
Pent/ 3 62
print
Per 3/367
place
Pele/361
pony
Pou/376
prison
Per 4/368
plain
Pele/361
poor
Pou/376
prize
Per 4/368
plan
Pele/361
Pope
Pa/350
problem
Gwel 1/176
plane
Pele/361
pornography
produce
Deuk/92
planet
Pele/361
Per 4/368
profile
Gwhi/186
plasma
Pele/361
port
Per 2/365
profit
Dhe 2/95
plaster
Pele/361
portfolio
Bhel/55
profound
Bhun/68
plastic
Pele/361
portion
Per 4/368
progress
Gredh/1 69
plate
Pele/361
portrait
Per 1/364
prolong
Del/86
plateau
Pele/361
possess
Pa/350
prominent
Men 3/303
platinum
Pele/361
possible
Pa/350
promise
Smeit/430
plaza
Pele/361
postpone
Apo/30
promote
Mew/ 30 9
plenty
Pel 1/359
posture
Apo/30
pronoun
Nomn/34
pluck
Pilo/373
potent
Pa/350
pronounce
Neu/333
plus
Pel 1/359
potential
Pa/350
propagate
Pak/350
plush
Pilo/373
potion
Po 2/374
prophet
Bha 2/50
pneumatic
pouch
Beu 2/48
propose
Apo/30
Skeu 1/425
pound
Spen/437
protect
Steg/447
pneumonia
poverty
Pou/376
protein
Per 1/364
Skeu 1/425
powder
Pel 3/360
protest
Trei/481
pocket
Beu 2/48
power
Pa/350
protocol
Per 1/364
podium
Ped/354
pray Perk 1 /368
proud
Es 2/131
poem
Kwei 2/259
prayer Perk 1 /368
prove
Bheu 3/64
poet
Kwei 2/259
preamble
Al 4/18
proverb
Wer 1/514
point
Peuk/372
precaution
provide
We id/504
poison
Po 2/374
Keu 3/233
puff
Beu 2/48
pole
Pak/350
precise
Skhai/427
pulverize
Pel 3/360
pollen
Pel 3/360
preface
Bha 2/50
pumpkin
Pekw/358
pollution
Leu/280
prefer
Bher 1/59
punch
Penkwe/362
poly-
Pel 1/359
pregnant
Gene 1/141
punctuate
Peuk/372
polygamy
Geme/140
present
Es 2/131
puncture
Peuk/372
Pel 1/359
preserve
Ser 2/416
punish
Kwei 1/259
polygon
Genu 1/142
president
Sed/406
Punjab
Ab 1/1
Pel 1/359
press
Per 3/367
Penkwe/362
621
English
P - R
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
punka
pupil
puppet
puppy
purdah
pure
pursue
pus
pustule
pycnometer
Peg/355
Pou/376
Pou/376
Pou/376
Pele/361
Peu/371
Sekw/410
Pu 2/378
Pu 2/378
Puk/378
Q
quality
Kwo/2 67
quantity
Kwo/2 67
quarantine
Kwetwer/265
quarrel
Kwes/2 64
quart
Kwetwer/265
quarter
Kwetwer/265
quaver
Gwebh 2/174
queen
Gwen 1/178
quench
Gweie/176
quick
Gwei/175
quiet
Kweye/2 66
quiver
Gwebh 2/174
rabbi
race
Raffael
rag
ragged
rail
rake
ramekin
ranch
range
R
R.b.b/385
Eres 1/130
R.f.a'/395
Reu 2/393
Reu 2/393
Reg 1/387
Reg 1/387
Raphael Layh/2 73
R.f.a'/395
rare Ere 1/127
rate Ar/32
ratio Ar/32
raven Ker 3/227
read Ar/32
real Rei 1/389
ream 1 Reughmen/394
ream 2 Rewe/395
R.z.m/397
Rewe/395
Re
ughmen/394
Sker 1/424
Sker 1/424
ream 3
reamer
reason
receive
recent
recline
recognize
record
rectangle
red
reduce
redundant
reek
refer
refuge
refund
refuse
regime
regolith
regression
regret
regular
relate
relieve
remain
remark
remedy
remember
remit
Ar/32
Kap/210
Ken/224
Klei/239
Gno/168
Kerd 1/229
Ang/2 6
Reudh 1/394
Deuk/92
Wed/ 4 98
Reug/394
Bher 1/59
Bheug/65
Gheu 1/162
Gheu 1/162
Reg 1/387
Reg 3/388
Gredh/1 69
Ghlad/163
Reg 1/387
Tel/ 4 69
Legwh/27 5
Men 2/303
Merg/307
Me 2/294
Mer 1/304
Smelt/ 430
remorse
remote
remove
renovate
rent
repeat
report
reptile
republic
resemble
reserve
resign
resist
respect
rest
retina
Reuben
reveal
review
revolve
Rex
rheumatism
Mer 2/306
Mew/ 309
Mew/ 309
Newo/334
Do 2/109
Pet 1/370
Per 2/365
Rep/ 3 91
Rei 1/389
Sem 1/412
Ser 2/416
Sekw/410
Sta/445
Spek/436
Rem/ 3 90
Ere 1/127
B.n.v/70
Weg 1/499
We id/504
Wei 3/511
Reg 1/387
Ser 1/415
rhinoceros
rhubarb
rhyme
rhythm
ribbon
rice
rich
Richard
ricin
rid
ridge
right
ring
ringing
Ker 1/22 6
Baba/45
Eres 1/130
Ser 1/415
Ser 1/415
Bhendh/57
Sker 1/424
Urigh/490
Reg 1/387
Kar 1/212
Erek/129
Reu 2/393
Sker 1/424
Reg 1/387
Sker 1/424
Ker 3/22 7
622
English
R - S
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
rink
Sker 1/424
rupture
Reu 2/393
Satan
Sedu/406
riot
Reu 1/393
rural
Rewe/395
save
Sol/434
rip
Reu 2/393
rust
Reudh 1/394
saw
Sek/409
ripe
Rei 2/389
scale
Skand/422
ripple
Rei 2/389
s
scan
Skand/422
risk
Sek/408
scandal
Skand/422
Rita i
Murvarit/315
Sabbath
Sabatu/398
scarlet
Sekw/410
rival
Er 1/126
sabbatical
scenario
Skai/421
river
Rei 2/389
Sabatu/398
scene
Skai/421
roar
Reu 1/393
saccharin
Korka/243
scheme
Segh/406
rob
Reu 2/393
saccharose
scholar
Segh/406
robber
Reu 2/393
Korka/243
school
Segh/406
robe
Reu 2/393
sack
Seiku/407
science
Sek/409
Robert
Bhereg/61
saddle
Sed/406
scimitar
Sfsyr/419
Roger
Ghei 2/154
safe
Sol/434
scissors
Skhai/427
roll
Ret/392
safflower
S.f.r/419
scope
Spek/436
rook
Ker 3/22 7
saffron
S.f.r/419
score
Sek/409
room
Rewe/395
safranine
S.f.r/419
scorpion
A.q.r/31
rope
Rei 2/389
Sahara
S.h.r/420
scrap
Sek/409
rose
Wrdho/52 6
salamander
scream
Ker 3/22 7
Rosemary
Salamandra /399
screech
Ker 3/22 7
Eres 1/130
salom
S.l.m/429
scum
Skeu 2/425
rotary
Ret/392
Salome
S.l.m/429
Scythia
Saka/399
rotate
Ret/392
salute
Sol/434
Scythian
Saka/399
rouge
Reudh 1/394
salvation
Sol/434
seal
Sekw/410
rough
Reu 2/393
same
Sem 1/412
search
Sker 1/424
roulette
Ret/392
Sampson
S.m.s/431
seat
Sed/406
round
Ret/392
Samson
S.m.s/431
second
Sekw/410
rover
Reu 2/393
Samuel
Layh/2 73
secret
Seu 1/417
row
Rei 2/389
sandal
Kand 1/209
section
Sek/408
royal
Reg 1/387
sandarac
Kand 1/209
secure
Seu 1/417
rubbish
Reu 2/393
sans
Sen 2/414
sedan
Sed/406
rubble
Reu 2/393
Sanskrit
Kwer/2 63
seduce
Seu 1/417
ruby
Reudh 1/394
sans serif
Sen 2/414
seem
Sem 1/412
rug
Reu 2/393
Saracen
Cirag/75
seersucker
rugged
Reu 2/393
sarcasm
Twerk/485
Ksiro/252
rule
Reg 1/387
sarcastic
Twerk/485
seethe
Seu 4/418
rumble
Reu 1/393
sarco-
Twerk/485
segregate
Seu 1/417
rumor
Reu 1/393
sarcology
Twerk/485
select
Seu 1/417
run
Er 1/126
sarcoma
Twerk/485
self
Seu 1/417
623
English
s - s
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
semantics
Dheye/102
shanty
Steg/447
sincere
Sem 1/412
semester
Me 2/293
shape
Sek/409
Sen 2/414
Sweks/4 60
sharp
Sek/409
sinew
Sai 2/398
semicolon
shave
Sek/409
single
Sem 1/412
Skel 1/423
shawl
Savala/401
sip
Seip/4 07
senate
Sen 1/413
she
So/433
sir
Sen 1/413
senator
Sen 1/413
shears
Sek/409
sirloin
Upo/490
senile
Sen 1/413
sheet
Skeuol 1/426
sister
Seu 1/417
senior
Sen 1/413
shelf
Sek/409
sit
Sed/406
separate
Seu 1/417
Shellac
Alek/19
sitar
Ten 1/471
Septembe
Reg 3/388
Trei/481
Septra/ 414
Shema
S.m. 'a/430
Siva
Kei 4/219
sequence
Sekw/410
sherbet
S.r.b/442
six
Sweks/4 60
serenade
Ksero/250
Shimeon
S.m. 'a/430
sixteen
Sweks/4 60
serene
Ksero/250
shine
Skai/421
sixty
Sweks/4 60
serenity
Ksero/250
shirt
Sek/409
sketch
Segh/406
series
Ser 3/416
shish kebab Cixa/76
ski
Sek/409
serious
Wer 6/517
Shiva
Kei 4/219
skim
Skeu 2/425
serra
Srisa/443
shoot
Skeuol 1/426
skin
Sek/409
serradela
Srisa/443
short
Sek/409
skirt
Sek/409
serranoid
Srisa/443
shot
Skeuol 1/426
Slav
Kleu 1/240
serrate
Srisa/443
shout
Keued/234
slave
Kleu 1/240
serriferous
show
Keu 3/233
slime
Lei/ 27 5
Srisa/443
shrink
Sker 1/424
small
Mel 2/299
serriform
Srisa/443
shut
Skeud 1/426
smaragdite B.r.q/71
serrulate
Srisa/443
shuttle
Skeud 1/426
smart
Mer 2/306
serum
Ser 1/414
sibling
Seu 1/417
smelt
Mel 3/300
sesqui-
Kwe/258
side
Se 2/404
smuggle
Meug/308
sesqui centenni
sieve
Seip/4 07
snare
Ner 2/332
Kwe/258
sign
Sekw/410
sneeze
Skeu 1/425
session
Seal/ 406
Sikh
Kak 1/204
snow
Sneigwh/432
set
Seal/ 406
silver
Sarapu/400
so
Seu 1/417
seta
Se 1/404
Simeon
S.m. 'a/430
soak
Seu 2/418
setae
Se 1/404
similar
Sem 1/412
soap
Seip/4 07
settle
Seal/ 406
Simon
S.m. 'a/430
society
Sekw/410
seven
Septra/ 414
simple
Sem 1/412
sod
Seu 4/418
seventeen
Septra/ 414
simulate
Sem 1/412
soda
S.d.a' /403
seventy
Septra/ 414
simultaneous
sodium
S.d.a' /403
shamble
Skabh/420
Sem 1/412
sofa
Soffeh/433
shank
Skeng/423
since
Se 2/404
sofism
Sophos/434
624
English
s - s
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
sofist
Sophos/434
spelter
Sphel/439
step
Stebh/446
soil
Sed/406
sphere
Spher/44
Stephen
Stebh/446
Su 2/457
spider
Spen/437
stereo
Ster 3/450
solar
Sawel/402
spikenarc
Nedo/324
sterile
Ster 4/451
sole
Seu 1/417
spin
Spen/437
sterilize
Ster 4/451
solicit
Kei 2/218
spinach
stethoscope
solid
Sol/434
Spinaki on/440
Pesteno/369
solo
Seu 1/417
spindle
Spen/437
Steven
Stebh/446
Solomon
S.l.m/429
spit
Spyeu/441
stick
Steig/448
so long
S.l.m/429
spleen
Spelgh/437
stiff
Stei/447
some
Sem 1/412
sponge
Spongo /441
stitch
Steigh/449
son
Seu 3/418
sport
Per 2/365
stoichiometry
sonic
Swen/4 61
spring
Spereg/438
Steigh/449
Sophia
Sophos/434
Spher/44
stomach
Stomen/453
sophism
Sophos/434
sprinkle
Spereg/438
stone
Stei/447
sophist
Sophos/434
Sputnik
Pent/ 3 62
stop
Stewe/452
sophisticated
sputter
Spyeu/441
store
Sta/445
Sophos/434
spy
Spek/436
story
We id/504
sophomore
squad
Kwetwer/265
strategy
Ag/5
Sophos/434
squalene
Skwalo/428
Ster 1/449
sorcerer
Ser 3/416
square
Kwetwer/265
straw
Ster 1/449
sorority
Seu 1/417
stable 1
Sta/445
stray
Ster 1/449
sort
Ser 3/416
stable 2
Sta/445
stream
Ser 1/415
sound
Swen/4 61
staff
Stebh/446
street
Ster 1/449
soup
Seu 2/418
stair
Steigh/449
structure
Ster 1/449
source
Reg 1/387
stamp
Stebh/446
strut
Ster 3/450
south
Sawel/402
stand
Sta/445
stub
Steu 2/452
soy Chiang-yu/75
standard
Kar 1/212
stucco
Steu 2/452
soya Chiang-yu/75
Sta/445
student
Steu 2/452
span
Spen/437
staple
Stebh/446
study
Steu 2/452
spark
Spereg/438
star
Ster 2/450
stuff
Stewe/452
sparrow
Sper/437
starch
Ster 3/450
stump
Stebh/446
Spereg/438
stare
Ster 3/450
stupendous
sparse
Spereg/438
start
Ster 3/450
Steu 2/452
speak
Spereg/438
starve
Ster 3/450
stupid
Steu 2/452
special
Spek/436
station
Sta/445
sub-
Upo/489
species
Spek/436
statistics
Sta/445
subject
Upo/489
specimen
Spek/436
steel
Sta/445
sublime
Upo/489
spectrum
Spek/436
steep
Steu 2/452
submarine Upo/489
speech
Spereg/438
steer
Teu 1/477
submit
Smeit/430
625
English
S - T
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
substance
Sta/445
sway
Swei/459
:
Vaburak/4 64
subterranean
sweat
Sweid/4 60
tambourine
Ters/476
sweater
Sweid/4 60
:
Taburak/464
such
Seu 1/417
sweep
Swei/459
tame
Dema/87
suck
Seu 2/418
sweet
Swad/459
tampon
Dumb/ 112
sucrose
Korka/243
swelter
Sawel/403
tangle
Tenk/473
suffer
Bher 1/59
swift
Swei/459
tap
Dumb/ 112
sugar
Korka/243
swine
Su 2/457
tape
Ten 1/471
suicide
Seu 1/417
swivel
Swei/459
tapestry
Ten 1/471
sulk
Selg/411
sword
Swer/4 62
taraxacum
Taxi/ 4 67
sulky
Selg/411
syagush
Kei 1/217
tarbooche
Pos/375
sum
Upo/490
symbol
Gwel 1/176
Targum
Ragamu/384
sumac
Summaq/458
Sem 1/412
Targumist
sumach
Summaq/458
symphony Bha 2/50
Ragamu/384
summer
Sem 2/413
Sem 1/412
tariff
A' .r.f/33
summit
Upo/490
symposium P6 2/374
tarragon
Derk/90
sun
Sawel/402
Sem 1/412
tartar Ta
rtaros/466
Sunday
Sawel/402
synchronize
tass
Tex/4 79
super
Upo/490
Gher 1/158
Tatar
Tata/467
superb
Bheu 3/64
syndrome
Der 2 /90
tattoo
Dumb/ 112
superior
Upo/490
synonym
Nomn/34
Taurus
Teu 1/477
support
Per 2/365
synopsis
Okw/343
tea
C'a/74
supreme
Upo/490
syphilis
Bhili/66
teach
Deik/82
sure
Seu 1/417
Su 2/457
teak
Sakah/399
surface
Dhe 2/95
syrup
S.r.b/442
team
Deuk/92
surgery
Werg 1/519
system
Sta/445
tear 1
Akru/14
surrender
Do 2/109
tear 2
Der 1/89
surround
Wed/ 4 98
T
technique
Tex/4 79
survey
We id/504
teen
Dekm/84
survive
Gwei/175
tabatiere
Tabaco/464
tele-
Kwel/2 61
Susan
Sosen/435
tabor
Taburak/464
telegraph
Kwel/2 61
suspect
Spek/436
taboret
Taburak/464
telescope
Kwel/2 61
suspend
Spen/437
taffeta
Ten 1/471
Spek/436
swallow
Swel 1/4 61
Taj Maha
Steg/447
teletype
Kwel/2 61
swan
Swen/4 61
talc
Talk/ 4 65
television
Kwel/2 61
swap
Swei/459
talcum
Talk/ 4 65
We id/504
swastica
Es 2/131
talent
Tel/ 4 69
temerity
Tem/470
Su 1/456
tamarind
Sy and/ 463
temperature
swastika
Es 2/131
tambaga
Tem/470
Ten 1/472
Su 1/456
tambour
Taburak/464
ten
Dekm/84
626
English
T - T
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
tennis
Ten 1/472
thirst
Ters/476
toll
Tel/ 4 69
tension
Ten 1/472
thirteen
Trei/481
Tom
W.a* .m/495
tent
Ten 1/472
thirty
Trei/481
tomb
Teu 1/477
tepid
Tep/4 73
this
So/433
tombac
Tem/470
term
Ter 1/474
Thomas
W.a* .m/495
tone
Ten 1/472
terminate
Ter 1/474
thorough
Ter 1/474
tongs
Denk/8 7
terpsichore
Terp/4 75
thou
Tu/483
tongue
Dinghw/107
terrace
Ters/476
thousand
Teu 1/477
too
De 2/80
terrain
Ters/476
three
Trei/481
tooth
Ed/ 117
terrestrial
Ters/476
throne
Dher 1/98
top
Dumb/ 112
terrible
Tres/483
throng
Trenk/482
tornado
Ten 2/472
terrific
Tres/483
through
Ter 1/474
torpedo
Ster 3/450
territory
Ters/476
thumb
Teu 1/477
tortoise
Teter/476
terror
Tres/483
thunder
Ten 2/472
tough
Denk/87
tertiary
Trei/481
thy
Tu/483
tow
Deuk/92
test
Tex/4 79
thyroid
Dhwer/106
toward
Wer 2/514
testimony
Trei/481
tiara
Steg/447
toxic
Teku 1/4 68
text
Tex/4 79
ticket
Steig/448
trachoma
Dher 2/99
textile
Tex/4 79
tide
Da 1/78
trade
Der 2 /90
than
So/433
tie
Deuk/92
tradition
Do 2/109
that
So/433
tiger
Steig/448
traffic
F.r.q/135
thatch
Steg/447
tight
Tenk/473
tranquil
Kweye/2 66
the
So/433
Tigris
Steig/448
trans-
Ter 1/474
thee
Tu/483
tile
Steg/447
transduce
Deuk/92
them
So/433
timber
Dem/86
transfer
Bher 1/59
theme
Dhe 2/95
time
Da 1/78
Ter 1/474
then
So/433
timid
Tem/470
transform
Ter 1/474
Theodore
Do 2/109
tip
Dumb/ 112
transistor
Ter 1/474
there
So/433
tire
Deu 2/92
transit
Ei/118
thermometer
Steg/447
translate
Tel/ 4 69
Gwher/186
tired
Deu 2/92
Ter 1/474
thermos
Gwher/186
tissue
Tex/4 79
transmit
Smeit/430
thermostat
to
De 2/80
transport
Per 2/365
Gwher/186
toast
Ters/476
Ter 1/474
thesis
Dhe 2/95
tobacco
Tabaco/464
transverse
i
they
So/433
toe
Deik/82
Wer 2/515
thick
Tenk/473
to fill
Pel 1/359
trap
Der 2 /90
thigh
Teu 1/477
toga
Steg/447
trapeze
Kwetwer/265
thin
Ten 1/472
token
Deik/82
Ped/354
thine
Tu/483
tolerate
Tel/ 4 69
trapezoid
Kwetwer/265
627
English
T - V
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
tray
tread
tree
tremble
trench
trepid
triangle
tribe
tribune
tribute
tricycle
trim
trip
true
truncate
trunk
trust
truth
tsar
Tuesday
tug
tulip
tumor
tungsten
tunic
turban
Turk
Turkey
turkey
turmoil
turquoise
turtle
tusk
twelve
Ped/354
Deru 1 /91
Der 2 /90
Deru 1 /91
Tres/483
Ter 1/474
Trenk/482
Trep 1/482
Ang/2 6
Bheu 3/64
Trei/481
Bheu 3/64
Trei/481
Trei/481
Trei/481
Deru 1 /91
Der 2 /90
Deru 1 /91
Ter 1/474
Trenk/482
Ter 1/474
Trenk/482
Deru 1 /91
Deru 1 /91
Skhai/427
Dei/81
Deuk/92
Bhendh/57
Teu 1/477
Stei/447
Kitu/238
Bhendh/57
Tu-kue/484
Tu-kue/484
Tu-kue/484
Me 2/294
Tu-kue/484
Teter/476
Ed/ 117
Dwo/115
twenty
twice
twin
two
typhoid
typhoon
typhus
tzar
Leigh 2/277
Dwo/115
Dwo/115
Dwo/115
Dwo/115
Dheu 2/100
Dheu 2/100
Dheu 2/100
Skhai/427
u
Ukraine
ultimate
ultra-
umbilicus
umbrella
un-
under
underneath
undo
union
unique
unit
unite
universe
Au 2/39
Al 1/15
Al 1/15
Nobh/337
Andho/25
Ne 1/321
En/124
Ni
Ne
I
I
1/335
1/321
2/195
2/195
I 2/195
university
unless
up
upon
Urdu
urge
Uriel
urine
us
usquabae
usquebaugh
I 2/195
I 2/195
Wer 2/515
Wer 2/515
An 3/25
Upo/489
An 3/25
Urmak/491
Wreg 1/527
Layh/2 73
Wed/ 4 98
Ne 2/322
Wed/ 4 98
Wed/ 4 98
uterus
Udero/487
vacate
Eu 1/132
vacation
Eu 1/132
vacuum
Eu 1/132
vain
Eu 1/132
valley
Wei 3/511
valve
Wei 3/511
van
Koro/244
vanish
Eu 1/132
vanity
Eu 1/132
vapor
Kup 2/256
Vaseline
Wed/ 4 97
vault
Wei 3/511
veal
Wet/ 52 2
vector
Wegh/501
vegetable
Weg 2/500
vehicle
Wegh/501
veil
Weg 1/499
velocity
Weg 2/500
velvet
Wei 2/510
vend
Wes 5/522
vendor
Wes 5/522
venereal
Wen/513
venery
Wen/513
Venice
Wen/513
venom
Wen/513
vent
We 1/496
Venus
Wen/513
verb
Wer 1/514
verge
Wer 2/515
vermicelli
Wer 2/515
vermouth
Wer 2/515
vernal
Aus 2/41
verruca
Wer 6/517
verse
Wer 2/515
version
Wer 2/515
versus
Wer 2/515
vertebra
Wer 2/515
vertical
Wer 2/515
vespiary
Webh/497
628
English
v - w
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
vest
Wes 3/521
vulnerable Wei 2/510
well 1
Wei 1/509
veteran
Wet/ 52 2
vulture
Wei 2/510
well 2
Wei 3/511
veterinary
Wet/ 52 2
west
Au 2/39
vibrate
Weip/506
w
wet
Wed/ 4 98
vice president
whale
Skwalo/428
Weik 1/505
wafer
Webh/497
what
Kwo/2 67
viceroy
Weik 1/505
wagon
Wegh/501
wheat
Kuei/254
vice-versa
waist
Aueg/4
wheel
Kwel/2 61
Weik 1/505
wait
Weg 2/500
when
Kwo/2 67
Wer 2/515
wake
Weg 2/500
where
Kwo/2 67
vicinity
Weik 2/506
walk
Wei 3/511
which
Kwo/2 67
video
We id/504
wallet
Wei 3/511
while
Kweye/2 66
view
We id/504
walrus
Skwalo/428
whip
Weip/506
vigilant
Weg 2/500
Walter
Koro/244
whiskey
Wed/ 4 98
vigor
Weg 2/500
want
Eu 1/132
whisky
Wed/ 4 98
villa
Weik 2/506
warble
Wer 6/517
white
Kuei/254
village
Weik 2/506
warn
Wer 3/516
who
Kwo/2 67
vine
Woin/525
warp
Wer 2/514
whore
Ka 1/201
vinegar
Ak/12
wart
Wer 6/517
why
Kwo/2 67
Woin/525
wash
Wed/ 4 98
wick
Weg 1/499
violent
Wei 2/503
wasp
Webh/497
wicker
Weik 1/505
virtue
Wei 2/503
waste
Eu 1/132
wide
Ei/119
virus
Weis/507
watch
Weg 2/500
Wi/524
visa
Wei d/ 504
water
Wed/ 4 98
widow
Weidh/505
viscous
Weis/507
wave 1
Webh/497
will
Wei 1/509
vision
We id/504
wave 2
Wegh/501
William
Wei 1/509
visit
We id/504
wax
Weg 1/499
willow
Wei 3/511
vital
Gwei/175
way
Wegh/501
win
Wen/513
vitamin
Gwei/175
weak
Weik 1/505
wind
We 1/496
vocabulary Wekw/508
wealth
Wei 1/509
window
Okw/343
vodka
Wed/ 498
wear
Wes 3/521
We 1/496
voice
Wekw/508
weasel
Weis/507
wine
Woin/525
void
Eu 1/132
weather
We 1/496
wing
We 1/496
volume
Wei 3/511
weave
Webh/497
winter
Wed/ 4 98
volunteer
Wei 1/509
web
Webh/497
wipe
Weip/506
vomit
Wem/512
Webster
Webh/497
wire
Wei 1/502
voracious
week
Weik 1/505
wisdom
We id/504
Gwer 3/180
weigh
Wegh/501
wise
We id/504
vote
Wegwh/502
weight
Wegh/501
wish
Wen/513
vow
Wegwh/502
welcome
Gwa/1 73
wit
We id/504
629
English
w - z
WORD
Roo
t/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
with
Wi/524
Yemen
Y.m.n/537
wobble
Webh/497
yes
Es 2/131
woe
Wai/495
I 2/194
wolf
Wei
2/510
yester
Ghdies/151
woof
Webh/497
yesterday
wool
Wei
2/510
Ghdies/151
word
Wer
1/514
yet
I 2/194
work
Werg
1/519
yoga
Yeu 1/535
world
Wei
2/503
yoke
Yeu 1/535
worm
Wer
2/514
you
Yu/538
worry
Wer
2/514
young
Yeu 2/535
worship
Wer
2/514
youngster
Yeu 2/535
worth
Wer
2/514
your
Yu/538
wrangle
Wer
2/514
youth
Yeu 2/535
wrap
Wer
2/514
Yugoslavia
wrench
Wer
2/514
Kleu 1/240
wrestle
Wer
2/514
wrinkle
Wer
2/514
7
wrist
Wer
2/514
r
wrong
Wer
2/514
Zachariah
Zacharias
Z.k.r/541
Z.k.r/541
X
Zachary
zea
Z.k.r/541
Ieuo/196
X
Say' / '403
zeal
Ya/531
xer-
Ksero/250
zenith
Mei 3/297
Xerexes
Ksei
1/248
zeolite
Yes/534
xero-
Ksero/250
zero
Keu 2/232
xeroderma
Zeus
Dei/81
Ksero/250
zibet
Z.b.d/540
x-ray
Say'/403
zinc
Denk/87
xyster
Kes
2/231
zircon
Geu 1/146
Ghel/155
Y
zirconium
Geu 1/146
Ghel/155
yard
Gher
1/158
zither
Ten 1/471
yawn
Gh
ei/152
zithern
Ten 1/471
year
Ei/119
zodiac
Gwei/175
yearn
Gher
4/159
zone
Yds/538
yeast
Yes/534
zoo
Gwei/175
yellow
Gh
el/156
zoology
Gwei/175
630
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
English (Mid)
i - s
WORD Root/Page
English (Mid)
I
iaspre Yasfa/532
J
jaspre Yasfa/532
scuten Keued/234
sparwe Spereg/43t
631
English (Old)
A - S
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
English (Old)
A
nebb
N
Nabja/317
acwencan Gweie/176
o
Angle
B
Ang/2 6
-ost
Isto/197
P
bet-est
botm
E
Isto/197
Bhun/68
pea
Tokei/481
s
eglan
Agh/7
seolfor
Sarapu/400
Engle
Ang/2 6
slim
Lei/2 75
-est
F
Isto/197
fyr-st
G
Isto/197
geonian
H
Ghei/152
haeccan
Kak 1/204
L
lat-est
M
Isto/197
mae-st
Isto/197
meo
Meuk/309
meon
Meuk/309
S32
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Ethiopian
K - K
WORD Root/Page
Ethiopian
K
Kaffa Kaffa/203
633
French
A - C
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
French
avane
' Awar/43
acide Ak/12
acoustique
Keu 3/233
acrobate Ak/12
agence Ag/5
agent Ag/5
aigle Akwa/14
alambic Ab 1/1
Nei 1/325
alcali Q.l.y/381
alchemie Kers 2/230
alcool K.h. 1/236
alcove Gabbah/136
Alexandre Alek/19
algebre j.b.r/200
algorisme
Ghdhem/150
Su 1/455
algorithme
Ghdhem/150
Su 1/455
alizari A* .s.r/36
aluminium Alu/20
amalgame Mel 3/300
angle- Ang/2 6
aniline Nei 1/326
aorte Wer 6/517
aquarium Akwa/14
architecte Arxein/35
archive Arxein/35
are As/35
arthrose Ar/32
ascenseur Skand/422
assignat Sekw/410
aubergine
Vatin-ganah/493
B
babouche Pds/375
bagage Boqca/70
bal Gwel 1/176
balcon Bhergh/62
Gwhen 1/183
ballet Gwel 1/176
ballon Bhel/54
bannier Bhendh/57
bardache Vareta/493
basse Gwa/1 73
bassin Gwa/1 73
benjoin L.b.n/274
beryl Velur/494
bescuit Pekw/358
biscuit Dwo/115
bombe Bamb/4 6
borax Bher 4/60
botica Dhe 2/95
boulevard Bhel/54
bravo Baba/45
brillat Velur/494
budget Bhel/54
cabaret Kam 2/207
cafe' Kaffa/203
calorie Kel 1/220
candidat Kand 1/209
caramel Kolemos/242
caravane Koro/244
carnaval Legwh/275
Sek/409
carte Cartes/74
casaque Kaz/216
casaqueand Kaz/216
catholique Sol/434
cedre Q.t.r/382
censur Kens/225
chale Savala/401
chambre Kam 2/207
champaigne
Kam 2/207
charlatan Car/74
charra Car/74
charrado Car/ 74
chateau Kes 1/231
chauffage Kel 1/220
chauffeur Kel 1/220
chibouque Cop/ 7 7
chicaner Cop/ 7 7
chiffe S.f.f/419
chiffre Keu 2/232
chimie Kers 2/230
chloro-phylle Bhel/55
Chorwat Gwer 4/181
chrome Gher 3/159
chronique
Gher 1/158
cinbare
Sinkadrus/420
cinema Kei 2/218
civette z.b.d/54
classe Kel 3/221
clinic Klei/239
club Gel/139
communisme
Mei 3/297
concilie Kel 3/221
congres Gredh/1 69
conserver Ser 2/416
cors Kwer/2 63
corset Kwer/2 63
cosmetique Kens/225
cotelette Kost/245
coton Kitu/238
S34
French
C - M
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
cravate
Gwer 4/181
F
Ghel/155
creme
Gher 3/159
Jarre
K.r.v/24 7
crystal
Kreu/24 6
fantome
Bha 1/49
Jersey
Skhai/427
fascism
Bhendh/57
journal
Dei/81
T%
feodal
Pek/357
jupe
J.b.b/198
J
fil
Gwhi/186
jupon
J.b.b/198
Danube
Da 2/79
filet
Gwhi/186
datte
Daqal/79
flute
Agaruh/6
K
deca
Dekm/84
four
Gwher/186
deci
Dekm/84
kabl
Habl/189
democratie Da 1/78
G
kilo-
Gheslo/161
diphterie
Deph/88
kiosque
Geu 1/14 6
diplomate
Dwo/115
garcette
Wreg 1/527
diplome
Dwo/115
garcon
Wreg 1/527
L
douche
Deuk/92
gaze
Kaz/216
douzaine
Dekm/84
gazel
G.z. 1/188
laquis
Ul/487
Dwo/115
gazette
Gzn/188
limon
Nimbu/336
girafe
Zarafah/539
limonad
Nimbu/336
F
gladiyator Kel 6/222
litre
Lithra/284
^
globule
Gel/139
logarithme Ar/32
eau
Akwa/14
grade
Gredh/1 69
luth
Agaruh/6
eau de Cologne
granite
Ger 2/144
Akwa/14
groupe
Ger 1/143
M
e'chec et mat
guitare
Ten 1/471
M.v. t/315
Trei/481
macrame
Q.r.m/382
eczema
Yes/534
ma-dame
) Dem/86
ensyme
Yeu 3/536
H
magasin
Gzn/188
epinard
Malaga
M.l.h/310
Spi
nakion/440
harmonic
i Ar/32
mandrin
Menth/304
eschelle
Skand/422
hect-are
As/35
mannequin
espinard
hectare
Dekm/85
Men 1/302
Spi
nakion/440
helTcopter Pet 1/370
manteau
estandard
Sta/445
homogene Sem 1/412
Mantellum/291
etc.
Ser 2/416
hydrogene Wed/ 4 98
marbre
Mer 2/305
ether
Aidh/9
marcassite
etiquette
Steig/448
J
Magsisa/289
Europe
Erebu/128
masque
S.x.r/463
Janiver
Ei/119
mat
M.v. t/315
Jaques
A' .q.b/30
M.v. t/315
jargon
Geu 1/14 6
matador
M.v. t/315
j35
French
M - V
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
matamore Temar/470
Mediterranee
Ters/476
metre Me 2/293
microbe Gwei/175
migrene Ker 1/22 6
monsieur Sen 1/413
mosquee Masgda/292
musique Men 1/302
N
narguile
Narikelah/320
nitre Nitiru/337
nombre Nem 1/329
nuance Sneudh/432
nue Sneudh/432
o
observer Ser 2/416
octopode Okto/342
Ped/354
ogee Ud 1/486
ogive Ud 1/486
orchestre Er 1/127
orthodoxe Dek/83
osmose Wedh 2/499
oxygene Ak/12
pancreas Kreu/24 6
paraffine Pdu/376
paranthese Dhe 2/95
En/124
parler Gwel 1/176
peches Parsa/352
peches melba
Parsa/352
phase
phosphore
photo
pilau
plasma
plastique
platine
poche
pocket
pompon
poudre
Bha 1/49
Bha 1/49
Bher 1/59
Bha 1/49
Pulaka/379
Pele/361
Pele/361
Pele/361
Beu 2/48
Beu 2/48
Pekw/358
Pel 3/360
R
rame R.z .m/397
rayme R.z .m/397
refuse Gheu 1/162
ris Urigh/490
risque Sek/408
riz Urigh/490
saccharine
Korka/243
salamandre
Salamandra /399
sarcasme Twerk/485
satrape Ksei 1/248
scorpion A.q.r/31
sec Seiku/407
seinat Sen 1/413
senateur Sen 1/413
serenade Ksero/250
seri Ser 3/416
seriyal Ser 3/416
ski Sek/409
sofa Soffeh/433
soupe Seu 2/418
strategie Ag/5
Ster 1/449
sublime' Upo/489
sucre Korka/243
sujet Upo/489
symbole Gwel 1/176
Sem 1/412
symphonie Bha 2/50
Sem 1/412
symposium P6 2/374
Sem 1/412
Syphilis Bhili/66
tabac Tabaco/464
tabaquiere
Tabaco/464
talc Talk/ 4 65
tarbouche Pds/375
tartre Tartaros/466
telephone Bha 2/50
television Weid/504
terrasse Ters/476
theme Dhe 2/95
these Dhe 2/95
tombac Tem/470
trafic F.r.q/135
transit Ei/118
vaseline Wed/ 4 97
Venezia Wen/ 51 3
Vennezuela Wen/ 51 3
Venus Wen/513
vermicelle Wer 2/515
villa Weik 2/506
vinaigre Ak/12
virus Wei s/ 507
636
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
French
v - z
Root/Page
visite Weid/504
vitamine Gwei/175
zeolite
zero
Yes/534
Keu 2/232
537
French (Old)
A - S
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
French (Old)
A
amiral A' .m.r/23
franc
France
Frankon
F
Frankon/134
Frankon/134
Frankon/134
safron
Saracin
S.f.r/419
Cirag/75
B
G
Ker 1/22 6
Ker 1/22 6
Gurb/1 70
B.r.k/71
H
Kei 4/219
Kei 4/219
babine Baba/45
balais Apank/28
baleine Bhel/54
borrace A.r.q/34
Ab 2/3
bougette Bhel/54
bourg Bhergh/63
bourrache A.r.q/34
Ab 2/3
burgeis Bhergh/63
gingiber
gingiver
greve
grifion
ham
hamlet
C
I
chameal
chamel
chemise
coissin
cresme
cuisse
Jamal/198
Jamal/198
Kern 2/223
Kenk 1/224
Gher 3/159
Kenk 1/224
D
ivurie
jaspe
jaspre
Yb/533
J
Yasfa/532
Yasfa/532
N
drugeman
Ragamu/384
neveu
Nepot/330
E
esmeralde B.r.q/71
estandard Kar 1/212
P
parchemin
Parth/352
s
saflor
S.f.r/419
638
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
German
A - S
WORD Root/Page
German
auto-bahn Autos/42
Bhen/56
D
dolman Dolmak/109
Sperling Spereg/438
639
German (Mid H)
B - S
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
German (Mid H
(
B
balle
bane
bole
bolwerk
Bhel/54
Bhen/56
Bhel/54
Werg 1/519
G
gucken
Ghuk/166
K
karl
Ger 2/144
L
Ireken
lurken
Lrg/285
Lrg/285
M
meneke
Y.m.n/537
s
spar
swicken
Spereg/438
Suig/457
640
German (Old H)
A - W
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
German (Old H )
A
adal Atos/38
adel-beraht Atos/38
athal-wolf Atos/38
Wei 2/511
gi-lari
Les/279
H
heim Kei 4/219
heimerich Kei 4/219
o
ostar Aus 2/41
R
rasta Rem/390
smerzan Mer 2/306
tar
Dhars/93
w
wazzar Wed/ 4 97
341
Germanic
A - F
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Germanic
banon
banwan
Bhen/56
Bha 2/50
D
A
batiso
beran
Bhad/50
Bher 1/59
dagaz
daigaz
Dhogh/104
Dheigh/96
adel-beraht
bergaz
Bhergh/63
dauwaz
derk
Dheu 1/99
Dher 2/99
af
afug
ahto
Bhereg/61
Apo/30
Apo/30
Okto/342
berhtaz
berkjon
bero
bher-nk
Bhereg/61
Bhereg/61
Bher 4/60
Neku/328
dTg
dohter
Dheigh/96
Dheugh/101
Ter 3/475
ahwjo
Akwa/14
binda
Bhendh/57
dohtor
don
Dheugh/101
Dhe 2/95
aigan
ail
Aik/10
Aidh/9
bladaz
bios
Bhel/55
Bhel/55
dragan
Ohragh 1/105
ainaz
ainigaz
I 2/195
I 2/195
boog
boron
Bhaghu /52
Bher 3/60
drauma
dringan
drinkan
Dhreugh/1 05
Trenk/482
airiz
Ayer/44
brandaz
Bher 5/61
aiwi
Ai w/1 1
braudam
Bher 5/61
Ohragh 1/105
ajjam
Aw/43
brengan
Bher 1/59
durunz
Dhwer/106
ak-jo
Ak/12
brenw
Bher 5/61
alino
El 3 /122
bres
Bher 5/61
E
al-jas
Al 1/15
brethaz
Bher 5/61
almo
El 2/122
breuwan
Bher 5/61
eben
Apo/30
Eg/ 118
Aw/43
ana
An 3/25
brad
Bher 5/61
e 9
anda
En/124
brothar
Bher 1/59
e 99
elmo
El 2/122
Angul
Ang/26
Ter 3/475
elwa
El 2/122
ano
An 3/25
brudam
Bher 5/61
ansu
An 1/24
brugjo
Bhru 1/67
apo-tero
Apo/30
brunaz
Bher 4/60
F
art
Er 1/126
brus
Bhru 1/67
askon
As/35
bukkaz
Bhugo/68
fadar
Pa/350
augon
Okw/343
bul
Bhel/55
Ter 3/475
aujo
Akwa/14
bullon
Bhel/55
faitaz
Pei/355
aust
Aus 2/41
bund
Bhendh/57
fausa
Pu 4/378
Austron
Aus 2/41
bur
Bher 1/59
fawaz
Pou/376
BURD
Bher 3/60
feht
Pek/357
B
burgs
Bhergh/63
fehu
Pek/357
burthiz
Bher 1/59
felag
Pek/357
balgTz
Bhel/55
fel-thus
Pele/361
balthaz
Bhel/55
c
fer
Per 1/364
band
Bhendh/57
fethro
Pet 1/370
bankon
Bhe/53
chol
Dhogh/104
fihla
Peig/356
342
Germanic
F - I
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
finfi
Penkwe/362
greduz
Gher 4/159
himin
Kara 2/201
fingwraz
Penkwe/362
gretan
Ghlad/163
hi wan
Kei 1/211
finthan
Pent/ 362
grimmaz
Ghrem/1 64
hlaider
Klei/239
flataz
Pele/361
grotjan
Ghlad/163
hlid
Klei/239
flo-ruz
Pele/361
grum
Ghrem/1 64
hlinen
Klei/239
fniu
Skeu 1/425
Gudam
Ghu 1/165
hludaz
Kleu 1/240
fod
Pa/350
guthjo
Gwhen 2/185
hlusinon
Kleu 1/240
foljan
Pol /375
hluta
Kleu 2/241
fot
Ped/354
H
hofaz
Kapho/211
fri
Pr 1/311
hoka
Keg/ 21 1
fruma
Per 1/364
haben
Kap/210
horaz
Ka 1/201
fu-faz
Pu 4/318
hafigaz
Kap/210
hr
Ker 3/221
fulitho
Pu 4/318
haino
Ak/13
hringaz
Sker 1/424
ful-naz
Pel 1/359
hakkijan
Keg/ 21 1
hrugjaz
Sker 1/424
funh-stiz
Penkwe/362
hallo
Kel 2/220
hudiz
Skeu 2/425
furista
Per 1/364
ha-maraz
Ak/12
hudjan
Skeu 2/425
hanhila
Kenk 1/224
hudjon
Skeu 2/425
G
harduz
Kar 1/212
hundan
Dekm/85
hare
Koro/244
hundaz
Kwon/2 68
gabl Ghebh-el/152
hah
Koro/244
hun-slam
Kwen 1/2 61
gaistaz
Gheis/155
harja-bergaz
huson
Skeu 2/425
gaizaz
Ghei 2/154
Bhergh/63
hwa
Kwo/2 61
ga-maid-
az
Koro/244
hwaitjaz
Kuei/254
Mei 3/291
harja-waldaz
hwaliz
Skwalo/428
gamainiz
Mei 3/291
Koro/244
hwatharaz Kwo/2 61
gang
Ghengh/151
harjaz
Koro/244
hwi
Kwo/2 61
ga-noga
Neku/328
harjon
Koro/244
hwTIo
Kweye/2 66
ganoton
Ghans/149
harmaz
Kormo/243
hwTtaz
Kuei/254
ganr
Ghans/149
harwer
Koro/244
gans
Ghans/149
hatiz
Kad 1/202
I
gat
Ghaido/148
haujam
Kau/215
gee-n
Ghe 1/151
haujjan
Keu 3/233
ic
Eg/ 118
gernjan
Gher 4/159
haup
Geu 1/141
in
En/124
ges-ter
Ghdies/151
helmaz
Kel 2/220
innera
En/124
ginon
Ghei/ 152
herdo
Kerd 2/229
Ts
Eis 2/120
gnag
Ghen/151
hertho
Ker 5/228
is-areno
Eis 1/119
gnatt
Ghen/151
hert-on
Kerd 1/229
istaz
Isto/197
grab
Ghrebh/1 64
herwes
Koro/244
isti
Es 2/131
grappon
Ger 1/143
hi
Ki 2/231
isto
Isto/197
grautaz
Gher 3/159
hibin
Kara 2/201
it-an
Ed/ 117
j43
Germanic
i - p
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
ith
Eti/132
kuman
Gwa/1 73
mildja
Mel 3/300
izmi
Es 2/131
kundigaz
Gene 1/141
milkan
Mel g/ 300
kundjaz
Gene 1/141
milks
Mel 3/300
J
kunnan
Gno/168
Mel 3/300
kur
Ger 4/145
missa
Mei 3/297
jeram
Ei/119
kusjan
Bu/72
mono
Men 3/303
jest
Yes/534
kweniz
Gwen 1/178
mothar
Ma/286
juncaz
Yeu 2/535
kwi-kwaz
Gwei/175
Ter 3/475
jungaz
Yeu 2/535
mugon
Muk/314
juz
Yu/538
L
muhon
Muk/314
muntha
Menth/304
K
laido
Leith/2 78
murgja
Mregu/312
laik
Leig/2 76
mur-thra
Mer 2/305
kabal
Geph/142
laipjan
Leith/2 78
mus
Mu/313
kaf
Geph/142
lambiz
El 2/122
kakan
Kak 4/205
langaz
Del/86
N
kail
Gal/ 13 6
lep
Leb/274
karnam
Ger 2/144
lethram
Letro/280
na
Ne 1/321
kewwan
Geu 3/148
-lif
Leigh 2/277
nabo
Nobh/337
kilbur
Gwelbh/177
lihtjaz
Legwh/27 5
nagla
Nogh/338
kinnuz
Genu 2/142
likkon
Leigh 1/276
naht
Noktis/339
kiusan
Geus/148
liuhtam
Leuk/282
nakw-eda Nogw/339
klaijo
Gel/139
lollen
La/2 70
namon
Nomn/34
klamp
Gel/139
narwa
Ner 2/332
klimban
Gel/139
M
nas-ja
Nes 1/332
kling
Gel/139
naso
Nas/320
klub
Gel/139
mag
Maghl/288
ne
Ne 1/321
klud
Gel/139
magadi
Maghos/289
neuja
Newo/334
klukjan
Gel/139
mahti
Maghl/288
nist
Ni 1/335
klump
Gel/139
malta
Mel 3/300
nith
Ni 1/335
klut
Gel/139
manna
Men 1/302
niwum
Newn/333
kniwam
Genu 1/142
mark
Merg/307
know
Gno/168
maron
Mer 2/305
o
kolam
Dhogh/104
mazga
Mozgo/312
kolo
Dhogh/104
medo
Mizdho/310
oft
Op/ 34 4
kous
Gwou/187
meltan
Mel 3/300
kranu
Ger 4/145
meus
Meu 1/308
P
kre
Ger 4/145
midja
Medhyo/295
krik
Ker 3/22 7
mih-stu
Meig/298
patha
Pent/ 3 62
kro
Ger 4/145
mikila
Meg/295
petwor
Kwetwer/265
544
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Germanic
P - T
Root/Page
puk
Beu 2/48
Q
quabbeln
Gwebh 2/174
R
raigwa Rei 2/389
raipaz Rei 2/389
rako Reg 1/387
raubo Reu 2/393
raubon Reu 2/393
raugna Reughmen/394
rehtaz Reg 1/387
res Eres 1/130
ri-nwan Er 1/12 6
np Rei 2/389
riukan Reug/394
rumaz Rewe/395
rupja Reu 2/393
rutjan Reu 2/393
eks
Sweks/4 60
enawo
Sai 2/398
ibum
Septm/414
Tdo
Se 2/404
ijai
Es 2/131
Tth
Se 2/404
ituraz
Teu 1/477
iuthan
Seu 4/418
kanko
Skeng/423
kauuon
Keu 3/233
km an
Skai/421
kith
Sek/409
kiutan
Skeud 1/426
krainjan
Ker 3/22 7
skreki
skrink
skuma
Ker 3/22 7
Sker 1/424
Skeu 2/425
skutilaz Skeud 1/426
skutjon Skeud 1/426
skuttjan Skeud 1/426
smal Mel 2/299
smelt Mel 3/300
smug Meug/308
snaiwaz Sneigwh/432
snarwa Ner 2/332
spannjan Spen/437
sparwan Sper/437
spehon Spek/436
spin-ilon Spen/437
spinnan Spen/437
spithra Spen/437
spreg Spereg/438
sprek Spereg/438
springan Spereg/438
Spher/44
staigrT Steigh/449
stainaz Stei/447
standan sti/445
staren Ster 3/450
starkjan Ster 3/450
staup Steu 2/452
sterben Ster 3/450
sterk Ster 3/450
sterron Ster 2/450
stTfaz Stei/447
stik Steig/448
strau-maz Ser 1/415
strawam Ster 1/449
strut Ster 3/450
stubb Steu 2/452
stukkjam Steu 2/452
suk Seu 2/418
suk Seu 2/418
sulk Selg/411
sumaraz
sunnon
sunuz
sup
suth
swaidaz
swanon
swel-han
swerdam
swTf
swiltan
swTnam
swTp
swotja
tahr
taikjan
tamaz
tangus
tanhuz
tanth-uz
tappa
taumaz
tehan
tehun
teng
teran
thakam
thakjan
thangul
thinhatz
thiuham
thr
thrijiz
thu
thumaz
thumon
thunaraz
Sem 2/413
Sawel/402
Seu 3/418
Seu 2/418
Seu 4/418
Sweid/4 60
Swen/4 61
Swel 1/4 61
Swer/4 62
Swei/459
Sawel/403
Su 2/457
Swei/459
Swad/459
Akru/14
Deik/82
Dema/87
Denk/8 7
Denk/8 7
Ed/ 117
Dumb/ 112
Deuk/92
Dekm/84
Dekm/84
Denk/8 7
Der 1/89
Steg/447
Steg/447
Tenk/473
Tenk/473
Teu 1/477
Ter 1/474
Trei/481
Tu/483
Tu/483
Teu 1/477
Ten 2/472
545
Germanic
T - Y
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
thunw
Ten 1/472
waht
Weg 2/500
wTt
Ei/119
thurs
Ters/476
wai
Wai/ 4 95
wit
We id/504
thus-hundai
waikwaz
Weik 1/505
wTtan
We id/504
Teu 1/477
waken
Weg 2/500
withro
Wi/524
tTdiz
Da 1/78
wakjan
Weg 2/500
wos
Wes 1/520
tTmo
Da 1/78
wall
Wel 3/511
wosp
Webh/497
tiuhan
Deuk/92
wanaton
Eu 1/132
wrakjo
Wreg 1/527
tiuzon
Deu 2/92
war
Wer 6/517
wrekjan
Wreg 1/527
tiwaz
Dei/81
war-n
Wer 3/516
wulfaz
Wel 2/510
to
De 2/80
warton
Wer 6/517
wulla
Wel 2/510
tred
Der 2 /90
water
Wed/ 4 98
wunsk
Wen/513
tugon
Deuk/92
wat-skan
Wed/ 4 98
wurdam
Wer 1/514
tungon
Dinghw/107
wazjan
Wes 3/521
tunth-sk
Ed/ 117
weban
Webh/497
Y
tuppa
Dumb/ 112
wed
Wed/ 4 98
twai
Dwo/115
wed ram
We 1/496
yeram
Ei/119
wefta
Webh/497
yukam
Yeu 1/535
u
wegaz
we-ingia
Wegh/501
We 1/496
uberi
Upo/490
weke
Weg 1/499
ubilaz
Upo/489
wel
Wel 3/511
uhson
Wegw/501
welk
Wel 3/511
un-
Ne 1/321
weraldh
Wei 2/503
uns
Ne 2/322
werkam
Werg 1/519
unsara
Ne 2/322
westo
Au 2/39
upanaz
Upo/489
wTdaz
Ei/119
upp
Upo/489
Wi/524
ut
Ud 1/486
widewaz
wigan
Weidh/505
Wegh/501
V
wik
Weik 1/505
wikon
Weik 1/505
vind-auga Okw/343
windaz
We 1/496
We 1/496
winnan
wintruz
Wen/513
Wed/ 4 98
w
wTpjan
wi-ra
Weip/506
Wei 1/502
wabila
Webh/497
wisand
Weis/507
wafsa
Webh/497
wisolon
Weis/507
wahsam
Weg 1/499
wison
Weis/507
wahsan
Aueg/4
wTssaz
We id/504
Greek
A - B
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Greek
andros
Ner 1/331
aster-lam
Danein
a-ner
Ner 1/331
Ster 2/450
A
angelos
Agaru/6
a-stigmat
Steig/448
i
ankura
Ang/2 6
astma
An 1/24
a-
Ne 1/322
Anna
H.n.n/191
a-tla
Tel/ 4 69
Abel
Hebhel/190
apo-tithenai Dhe 2/95
Atlas
Tel/ 4 69
a-damas
Dema/87
apsinthion
atmo
We 1/496
adelphos
Gwelbh/177
Kwen 1/2 61
a-tomos
Ne 1/322
aeirein
Wer 6/517
archaios
Arxein/35
austeros
Saus/401
aer
We 1/496
ari-koite
Kei 4/219
authentes
Autos/42
a-exon
Wek/507
arithmus
Ar/32
Autos
Autos/42
afendis
Autos/42
arkh
Arxein/35
autos-matos
agein
Ag/5
Arkhein
Arxein/35
Men 1/302
aigis
Aig-/9
arkht
Arxein/35
aither
Aidh/9
arkticos
Rk-tho/396
B
akavein
Keu 3/233
arktos
Rk-tho/396
akro-bates
Gwa/1 73
arma
Ar/32
bagma
Wag 2/495
akrobates
Ak/12
arsenikon
Ghel/155
bainein
Gwa/1 73
akros
Ak/12
arsonalos
D.v.r/114
ballein
Gwel 1/176
alein
Al 2/16
arteria
Wer 6/517
ballizein
Gwel 1/176
al-euron
Al 2/16
arthro-itis
Ar/32
balsamon
Busma/72
alex-andros Alek/19
arx
Arxein/35
baptein
Gwebh 1/174
Ner 1/331
arxaios
Arxein/35
barbaros
Baba/45
alexein
Alek/19
Arxein
Arxein/35
barbitos
Baba/45
alios
Al 1/15
arxeion
Arxein/35
baros
Gwer 1/178
alos
Sawel/403
arxi-tekton
Tex/4 79
barus
Gwer 1/178
alphein
Algwh/20
arxt
Arxein/35
bazo
Wag 2/495
amazon
Magh 2/289
arx-tekton
Arxein/35
berullos
Velur/494
ambix
Nei 1/325
a-sbenuna
Gwes/181
beryl los
Velur/494
amen
A.m.n/22
Ne 1/322
bibua
J.b.l /199
amphi
Ambhi/21
a-sema
Ne 1/322
bios
Gwei/175
amphi-ktuoness
A-sema
Sema/413
bombax
Pambak/351
Ksei 3/249
asia
Asu /36
bom bos
Bamb/4 6
ampis
Embhi/123
asparagos
bous
Gwou/187
am-pus
Puk/378
Spereg/438
bradus
Gurdos/170
an-
Ne 1/322
a-sphallein
Ne 1/322
braxon
Mregu/312
ana-
An 3/25
Sph
allein/439
braxus
Mregu/312
ana-hodos
Sed/405
asphaltos
Ne 1/322
bronxos
Gwer 3/180
analogos
An 3/25
Sph
allein/439
bublos
J.b.l /199
ana-luein
An 3/25
aster
Ster 2/450
bussos 1
B.y.z/73
j47
Greek
B - G
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
bussos 2
Gwadh/1 73
Dwo/115
ek-leipsis
dia-dema
De 1/80
Le
igh 2/277
c
Dwo/115
ek-zema
Yes/534
dia-ithan
Ai/8
el
Yb/533
canna
Gwhen 1/184
dia-luein
Dwo/115
elephas
Yb/533
Cartes
Cartes/74
Leu/280
en-
En/124
casos
Kreu/24 6
dialuses
Dwo/115
en-druon Deru 1 /91
Christ
Gher 3/159
dia-lusis
Leu/280
en-zume Yeu 3/536
chronos
Gher 1/158
dia-metros
Dwo/115
epi
Epi/ 12 5
cros
Kreu/246
Me 2/293
epi-demos
Da 1/78
crystacus
Kreu/246
dia-phragna Dwo/115
epi-eis-hodos En/124
didonai
Do 2/109
Sed/405
D
dikein
Deik/82
epi-skopos
Epi/ 12 5
diphtera
Deph/88
Spek/436
daimon
Da 1/78
di-ploos
Dwo/115
ergon Werg 1/519
daktulus
Daqal/79
Dwo/115
ethein
Se 3/404
daman
Dema/87
dis
Dwo/115
ethmoeides
Se 3/404
Danao
Da 2/79
dokein
Dek/83
eu-angelos
Agaru/6
dein
De 1/80
doron
Do 2/109
eu-genos Gene 1/141
deinos
Dwei/114
drakoon
Derk/90
Su 1/456
deinos-saura
Drassomar
1
eu-kaliptos
Su 1/456
Dwei/114
Dra
ssoman/11
eu-klidos
Su 1/456
deka
Dekm/84
draxme
Euphrates Per 2/365
delphis
Gwelbh/177
Dra
ssoman/11
Su 1/454
delphus
Gwelbh/177
draxmon
europa Erebu/128
demos
Da 1/78
Dra
ssoman/11
eus
Su 1/456
demos-keratos
dromos
Der 2 /90
ev-angelion
Su 1/456
Da 1/78
drus
Deru 1 /91
evangelion
Agaru/6
Kar 1/212
dus
Dus/ 113
exon
Wek/507
denarion
Dekm/84
der-ma
Der 1/89
F
di
Dwo/115
j.
F
dia
Dwo/115
ebnos
Hebni/190
for heating a
dia-bainein Dwo/115
Gwa/1 73
Ebraios
eirein
A* .b.r/4
Wer 1/514
r
'am 2/207
dia-ballein Dwo/115
eis-
En/124
Gwel 1/176
ek-kalein
Kel 3/221
G
dia-bolos
diabolos
dia-dein
Gwel 1/176
Dwo/115
De 1/80
ekklesia Kel 3/221
ek-leipein
Leigh 2/277
gagrajna Gras/1 69
galea Gaulos/138
gamos Geme/140
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Greek
G - K
Root/Page
gangraina Gras/169
gaulos Gaulos/138
gaza Gzn/188
genos Gene 1/141
geranous Ger 4/145
gignoskein Gnd/168
gonia Genu 1/142
gregorious
Ger 3/145
gr-on-os Gher 1/158
gruphos B.r.k/71
grups B.r.k/71
gumnazein Nogw/339
gumnos Nogw/339
gumon Ghdhem/150
gune Gwen 1/178
gupsos Gassu/138
guros Geu 1/14 6
H
hagnos Yag/531
harmos Ar/32
heepar Yekwer/533
hektaton Dekm/85
Helene Sawel/403
helene Sawel/403
helik-pter Pet 1/370
helios Sawel/403
hel-ix Wei 3/511
hemi-kranion
Ker 1/22 6
Heracles Ser 2/416
heros Ser 2/416
hex Sweks/4 60
hipos ho potami
Pet 1/370
hippos Ekwos/121
histor We id/504
hodos Sed/4 05
holo-kaustos
Ku 1/253
Sol/434
holos Sol/434
homalos Sem 1/412
homos Sem 1/412
hopos Swekwo/460
hora Ei/119
horos Ei/119
hu Su 1/456
huaina Su 2/457
hudor Wed/498
hu-gies Gwei/175
hu-gies Su 1/456
huper Upo/490
hupnos Swep/4 62
hus-teros Ud 1/486
Hyakinthos
Hyakinthos/193
I
iaspis
Yasfa/532
idea
Wei d/ 504
ieani
Ei/119
Indos
Sy and/ 463
Ion 1
H.n.n/191
ion 2
Ei/119
iris
Wei 1/502
Isaak
Z.h.k/540
istoria
We id/504
Iwannos
H.n.n/191
Jacobos A' .q.b/30
K
kadmia Q.d.m/380
Kadmos Q.d.m/380
kaisar Skhai/427
kalamos Kolemos/242
kalix Kel 5/222
Kalo Ku 1/253
kalo-podein Ku 1/253
kalo-podion Ped/354
kaluptein Kel 2/220
kamara Kam 2/207
kamelos Jamal/198
kaminos Kam 2/207
kamision Kem 2/223
kandhela Kand 1/209
kanon Gwhen 1/184
kapauta Kavuta/215
Kapparis
Kapparis/211
kapsa Kap/210
kardia Kerd 1/229
karkanos Kar 1/212
karpasos
Karpasah/213
kata-hodos Sed/4 05
kata-holos Sol/434
katholicos Sol/434
kau Ku 1/253
kau-casos Kreu/24 6
Ku 1/253
kaukalon Kafs/203
kaukis Kafs/203
kauma Ku 1/253
Keanos Keanos/216
Kedrus Q.t.r/382
kellos Skel 1/423
kemos Kam 1/206
kentmnarion Dekm/85
kephale
Ghebh-el/152
keramos Ker 5/228
keras Ker 1/226
Greek
K - N
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
keration
Ker 1/22 6
krokodilos Korka/243
maraino
Mer 2/305
keratos
Kar 1/212
kseo
Kes 2/231
margarites
keros
Kiru/238
ksiphos
Ksip/251
Mu
rvarit/315
kharax
Gher 3/159
ksnio
Kes 2/231
Maria
R.y.m/396
khasma
Ghei/152
ktizein
Ksei 3/249
Mariam
R.y.m/396
khen
Ghans/149
kubos
K.a' .b/201
marmaron
khoris. xoris
kudos
Keu 3/233
Mer 2/305
Gher 4/159
ku-klos
Kwel/2 61
marmaros
Mer 2/305
khriein
Gher 3/159
kuknos
Keuk 1/235
mastax
Menth/304
kinein
Kei 2/218
kulindein
Skel 1/423
mastixan
Menth/304
kinema
Kei 2/218
Kuros
Sker 1/424
mastixe
Menth/304
kinnabari
kustis
Kwes/2 64
math-ya
Menth/304
Si
nkadrus/ 420
kutos
Skeu 2/425
matos
Men 1/302
kithara
Ten 1/471
Trei/481
kybos
K.a' .b/201
maxana
maxanikon
Maghl/288
kiton
Kitu/238
L
Maghl/288
kleidos
Kleu 2/241
me
Me 1/292
kleiein
Kleu 2/241
ladon
Ladunu/2 70
megas
Meg/295
kleiss
Kleu 2/241
lagadon
Lek/2 78
melan-xole
kITma
Klei/239
laggazo
Lang/272
Mel 1/299
kITmax
Klei/239
laggeo
Lang/272
melan-xolia Ghel/156
kline
Klei/239
lakis
Lek/2 79
meter
Ma/286
klon
Kei 6/222
lalein
La/2 70
met-hodos
Sed/405
koeonos
Sker 1/424
lalos
La/2 70
methu
Medhu/294
koiman
Kei 4/219
laparos
Lep/2 79
metron
Me 2/293
koimeterion
lekane
Lignu/283
mexana
Maghl/288
Kei 4/219
litra
Lithra/284
mexos
Maghl/288
koite
Kei 4/219
loggos
Longos/284
mikro-bios
Gwei/175
kolba
Kei 2/220
logos-arithmus Ar/32
mithras
Mei 4/297
kolon
Skel 1/423
lotos
Ladunu/2 70
mna
Mana/290
kolumbos
Kei 4/222
mousa
Men 1/302
konda
Gwhen 1/183
M
mustax
Menth/304
kondu
Gwhen 1/183
muxa
Meug/308
konos
Ak/13
magos
Maghl/288
kos-mein
Kens/225
makedon
OS Mak/290
N
kos-metikos Kens/225
makros
Mak/290
i
kos-mos
Kens/225
malagma
Mel 3/300
nana
Nana/319
kreas
Kreu/24 6
malaxe
M.l.h/310
nannus
Nana/319
krikos
Sker 1/424
malaxos
Mel 3/300
naos
Nes 1/332
kroke
Korka/243
manthanein
naphta
Nabatu/317
Men 1/302
650
Greek
N - P
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
nardos
Nedo/324
ostreon
Ost/346
peza Ped/354
narke
Ner 2/332
othein
Wedh 2/499
phagein Bhag/52
narkissos
Ner 2/332
oulakis
Ul/487
phalos Ghuel/166
natron
Nitiru/337
oxus
Ak/12
phanein Bha 1/49
naus
Na 1/316
phanos Bha 1/49
nek-tar
Nek 1/327
P
pherein Bher 1/59
Ter 1/474
philo-adelphos
neos
Newo/334
pais
Pou/376
Bhili/66
nesos
Sna/431
Pallas
Parika/351
Gwelbh/177
neuron
Sai 2/398
pallas
Parika/351
philo-anthopos
nogla
Nog/338
pan-kreas
Kreu/24 6
Bhili/66
nomos
Nem 1/329
papoutsi
Pos/375
philo-anthropos
nostos
Nes 1/332
pappas
Pa/350
Ner 1/331
nukti
Noktis/339
para
Per 1/364
philo-armonica
nux
Noktis/339
para-allelon Al 1/15
Bhili/66
para-ballein
philo-hippos Bhili/66
o
Gwel 1/176
Ekwos/121
para-bolare
philo-logos Bhili/66
obelekos
Gwel 2/177
Per 1/364
philos Bhili/66
obelos
Gwel 2/177
paradeisos
philo-sophos
obolos
Gwel 2/177
Dheigh/96
Bhili/66
oikos
Weik 2/506
Per 1/363
Sophos/434
o-keanos
Keanos/21 6
para-en-tithena
phone Bha 2/50
okeanos
Oku/343
En/124
phos Bha 1/49
okto
Okto/342
Dhe 2/95
phos-phoros
okto-pous
Okto/342
para-sitos
Per 1/364
Bha 1/49
Ped/354
pardakos
Prs/377
Bher 1/59
okys
Oku/343
pardos
Prs/377
phuein Bheu 3/64
onoma
Nomn/34
parsanges
phullon Bhel/55
opion
Swekwo/460
Fra-sanga/134
pilos Pilo/373
opos
Swekwo/460
patane
Pet 2/371
pinakx Pin/373
opsis
Okw/343
pater
Pa/350
pipo Pet 1/370
organon
Werg 1/519
paxus
Bhengh/58
pistake Bistak/69
org-eyo
Er 1/127
pente
Penkwe/362
pistakion Bistak/69
orthos
Ered/128
peperi
Pippali/373
plan-asthai Pele/361
oruza
Urigh/490
pepon
Pekw/358
plas-sein Pele/361
orxeisthai
Er 1/127
peptein
Pekw/358
platus Pele/361
orxis
Orghi/345
persis
Parsa/352
pneuma Skeu 1/425
osmos
Wedh 2/499
petalon
Pet 2/371
poiein Kwei 2/259
osteon
Ost/346
petron
Pet 1/370
poine Kwei 1/259
351
Greek
P - T
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
pol-us
porne
poros
potamos
pous
priamus
proto-
proto-inin
proto-kolla
psallein
psaros
pser
ptuo
puknos
pusis
Pel 1/359
Per 4/368
Kur/257
Pet 1/370
Ped/354
Kwri/2 69
Per 1/364
Per 1/364
Per 1/364
Pol /375
Sper/437
Sper/437
Spyeu/441
Puk/378
P6 2/374
R
Raphael
razakene
Razex
rego-lith
replon
rha
rhegos
rhein
rheon
rheuma
rhine
rhodon
rhopalon
rhutmos
R.f.a'/395
Raga/384
Raga/384
Reg 3/388
Rei 2/389
Eres 1/130
Reg 3/388
Ser 1/415
Eres 1/130
Ser 1/415
Srisa/443
Wrdho/52 6
Wer 2/515
Ser 1/415
sakkaron Korka/243
Salamandra
Salamandra /399
Salome s.l.m/429
salome s.l.m/429
Samson s.m.s/431
sandarak Kand 1/209
sandaraxe
Kand 1/209
santalion Kand 1/209
santalon Kand 1/209
sapon Seip/4 07
Sarakenos Cirag/75
sarca-sein Twerk/485
sarcasmos
Twerk/485
sard Tuardo/484
sarkh Twerk/485
sarx Twerk/485
satrapes Ksei 1/248
Scythe Saka/399
sema Dheye/102
Sema Sema/413
seos Kies/237
ses Kies/237
sextarious Yeu 1/535
skaios Skaivos/421
skandalon Skand/422
skelos SiceJ 1/423
skena Skai/421
skhelos SiceJ 1/423
skopos Spek/436
skorpios A.q.r/31
smaraldos B.r.q/71
sophisma Sophos/434
Sophos Sophos/434
sousanna Sosen/435
spairen Spher/440
speudo Peud/371
sphaira Spher/440
Sphallein
Sphallein/439
Spinakion
Spinaki on/440
splen Spelgh/437
spoggos
Spongo /441
spongos Spongo /441
steros Ster 3/450
sthethos Pesteno/369
stixos Steigh/449
stizein Steig/448
stoixeion Steigh/449
Stoma Stomen/453
stomaxos Stomen/453
stratos Ster 1/449
stratos-agein Ag/5
Ster 1/449
stuppe Stewe/452
sum-ballein
Gwel 1/176
sun Sem 1/412
sun-ballein Sem 1/412
sun-phone Bha 2/50
sun-phonos
Sem 1/412
sun-posion P6 2/374
Sem 1/412
SUS Su 2/457
SUS-philos Bhili/66
Su 2/457
sxema Segh/406
sxole Segh/4 06
Tel/4 69
Tokei/481
talanton
taos
Tartaros
Tartaros/466
tarxun Derk/90
taws Tokei/481
tekton Tex/4 79
telesma Kwel/2 61
S52
Greek
T - Z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
telos
Kwel/2 61
xloros
Ghel/156
Tel/ 4 69
xloros-ph
ullon
terpo
Terp/4 75
Bhel/55
tethe
Atos/38
Ghel/156
tethe 2
Dhedh 2/95
xole
Ghel/156
tetraon
Teter/476
xorus
Gher 1/158
texne
Tex/4 79
xriein
Gher 3/159
thema
Dhe 2/95
xroma
Gher 3/159
thermos
Gwher/186
xronos
Gher 1/158
thornus
Dher 1/98
xros
Gher 3/159
thura
Dhwer/106
xymeia
Gheu 1/162
thuroides
Dhwer/106
tiara
Steg/447
z
tigris
Steig/448
tithenai
Dhe 2/95
zakaris
Z.k.r/541
tolupe
Tulupos/484
zeein
Yes/534
tomas
W.a* .m/495
zeiai
Ieuo/196
tonos
Ten 1/472
zein
Yes/534
toxon
Teku 1/4 68
zelos
Ya/531
tra-peza
Zeus
Dei/81
Kwetwer/265
ziggiberis
Ker 1/22 6
Ped/354
zoe
Gwei/175
traxus
Dher 2/99
zoidion
Gwei/175
tumbus
Teu 1/477
zonarion
Yds/538
tuphein
Dheu 2/100
zone
Yds/538
tuphos
Dheu 2/100
zugon
Yeu 1/535
tuphun
Dheu 2/100
zume
Yeu 3/536
turus
Teu 1/477
X
zygos
Yeu 1/535
xaite
Ghait/149
xalaza
Gheled/156
xarax
Gher 3/159
Xartes
Cartes/74
xema
Kers 2/230
xerexes
Ksei 1/248
xeros
Ksero/250
xilio
Gheslo/161
xiphos
Kiph/237
j53
Greek (Mid)
D - S
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Greek (Mid)
D
dragoumanos
Ragamu/3t
M
mudde Meu 1/308
slabnovus
Kleu 1/240
S54
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Hebrew
A - R
Root/Page
Hebrew
abh
abhar
Abh-igayil
Abh-ner
Abh-raham
Abh-ram
ab-ner
Ab-salom
Ab-salom
Adam
Adam
Adhamah
aloth
am
amen
a.m.n
aqebh
aqrabh
Azra'-el
Ab 2/3
A* .b.r/4
Ab 2/3
Ab 2/3
Ab 2/3
Ab 2/3
N.w.r/341
Ab 2/3
S.l.m/429
Adhamah/ 5
Adhamah/ 5
Adhamah/ 5
Agaruh/6
A' .m.m/22
A.m.n/22
A.m.n/22
A' .q.b/30
A.q.r/31
Layh/2 73
B
Babh-el
baith
basam
ben
Ben-yamTn
Ben-yamin
berakah
Beth-el
Beth-lexem
butz
buz
Layh/273
B.y. t/73
Busma/72
B.n.v/70
B.n.v/70
Y.m.n/537
B.r.k/71
B.y. t/73
Layh/2 73
B.y. t/73
B.y.z/73
B.y.z/73
D
dan
DanT-el
Davora
Debhorah
delilah
dm
Dinu/108
Dinu/108
Layh/2 73
D.b.r/80
D.b.r/80
D. 1.1/108
Dinu/108
E
El
Layh/273
el-eph
Yb/533
El-Tsa
Layh/2 73
Eli-sebha
Layh/2 73
El-iyyah
Layh/2 73
Eloh
Layh/2 73
Elohim
Layh/2 73
'erebh
Erebu/128
gabhar j.b.r/200
Gabhri-el J.b.r/200
gebhal J.b.l /199
Gebher-el Layh/2 73
H
Hagar
hanan
hannah
hawwa
Hebhel
herem
ibhri
H.j.
H.n.
H.n.
r/190
.n/ 191
.n/ 191
H.y.y/193
Hebhel/ 190
H.r.m/192
A' .b.r/4
im A' .m.m/22
lmmanu-el 7T .m.m/22
Layh/2 73
K
kanas Kel 3/221
keneseth Kel 3/221
kerubh B.r.k/71
kuttoneth Kitu/238
M
malluh M.l.h/310
masiah M.s.h/312
melah M.l.h/310
menorah N.w.r/341
Miryam R.y.m/396
MTxa-el Layh/273
mohoram-atta
H.r.m/192
N
Nethan-el Layh/273
nether Nitiru/337
nither Nitiru/337
p-TI
qater
rabbi
rabh
Yb/533
Q
Q. t.r/382
R
R.b.b/385
R.b.b/385
j55
Hebrew
R - Z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
rapha
R.f.a'/395
Yisaq z.h.k/54
rapha-e'l
R.f.a'/395
Yishma'-el
r.b.b
R.b.b/385
S.m. 'a/430
Repha-el
Layh/2 73
YTsma-el Layh/2 73
Reu-bhen B.n.v/70
Yisra-el Layh/2 73
Yitzhaq z.h.k/54
s
Yo-abh Ab 2/3
Y6-el Layh/2 73
sabat
Sabatu/398
Y6-hanan H.n.n/191
salom
S.l.m/429
yrru-salom s.l.m/429
satan
Sedu/406
sekinah
K.w.n/266
z
semes
S.m.s/431
Semu-el
Layh/273
zakar z.k.r/541
shama'
S.m. 'a/430
zekhar-yah
shema'
S.m. 'a/430
Z.k.r/541
simson
S.m.s/431
sosannah Sosen/435
T
tannur
Tanur/4 66
targum
Ragamu/384
tzahaq
Z.h.k/540
u
UrT-el
Layh/2 73
Y
Ya'aqobh A\q.b/30
yamm
Y.m.n/537
Yarah
Yarah/532
yarah
Yarah/532
Yasfa
Yasfa/532
Yasfeh
Yasfa/532
yebh
Yb/533
yeru
Yarah/532
yeru-sala
'yim
Yarah/532
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Hindustani
A - X
WORD Root/Page
Hindustani
achar
Ak/12
B
babu Baba/45
bahaudur Dher 1/98
bojTna Ab 2/3
Z.n.y/541
jangal Jangalah/191
K
khaki Xak/521
krisna Ker 4/228
lal Lai/ 272
lal-sarab Lal/ 27 2
lathi Lakti/271
sagun Sakah/399
sawl Savala/401
tambaka Tabaco/464
u
Urdu Urmak/491
M
maina Mad/28 7
masak Masakah/291
pae-jama
Ped/353
pae-jama
Yds/538
panka
Peg/355
pardah
Pele/361
X
xakT Xak/528
xusi Su 1/454
j57
Indo-European
A - B
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Indo-
■European
Ambhor
Ambhi/ 21
Bher 1/59
Atos
Atr
Atos/38
Ater/37
A
An 1
An 1/24
Atta
Atos/38
An 2
An 2/24
Au 1
Ous 1/346
Ab1
Ab 1/1
An 3
An 3/25
Ous 1/347
Ab 1/2
An 4
Ne 1/321
Au2
Au 2/39
Ag
Ag/5
Ne 1/322
Au3
I 2/195
Agh
Agh/ 7
Andho
Andho/25
Aue 1
We 1/496
Aghlo
Agh/ 7
Ang
Ang/ 2 6
Aue 2
Wed/ 4 97
Agros
Ag/5
Angh
Angh/ 27
Wed/ 4 98
Ai
Ai/8
Angwhi
Angwhi/ 27
Aueg
Aueg/ 4
Aidh
Aidh/ 9
Ank
Ang/ 2 6
Aug
Aueg/ 4
Aien
Ayer/44
Ano
An 3/25
Auo
I 2/195
Aier
Ayer/44
Anor
Nor/ 34
Aus 1
Ous 1/346
Aig-
Aig-/9
Anq
Ang/ 2 6
Ous 1/347
Aik
Aik/10
Ansu
An 1/24
Aus2
Aus 2/41
Aios
Aios/ 10
An-teros
An 2/24
Aus 3
Ous 2/348
Aiw
Ai w/1 1
Ter 1/474
Ausus
Aus 2/41
Ak
Ak/12
Ap1
Ab 1/1
Aw
Aw/43
Ak/13
Ab 1/2
Awei
Aw/43
Aken
Ak/12
Ap2
Ap 2/28
Awes
Aus 2/41
Ak/13
Apa
Apo/ 2 9
Awi
Aw/43
Akos
Akos/ 13
Apo/ 30
Ayer
Ayer/44
Akos
Akos/ 13
Apo
Apo/ 2 9
Ayo
Aw/43
Akru
Akru/ 14
Apo/ 30
Ayos
Aios/ 10
Akwa
Akwa/ 14
Apu
Apo/ 29
AI 1
Al 1/15
Apo/ 30
B
AI2
Al 2/16
Aq
Ak/12
AI4
Al 4/18
Ak/13
Baba
Baba/45
Aleio
Al 4/18
Ar
Ar/31
Balbarah
Baba/45
Alek
Alek/ 19
Ar/32
Bamb
Bamb/ 46
Aleuos
Al 4/18
Are
Ar/31
Bambo
Bamb/ 46
Algwh
Algwh/ 20
Ar/32
Barbarah
Baba/45
Alu
Alu/ 20
Arg
Arg/ 34
Beu 1
Beu 1/48
Ambhi
Ambhi/ 21
Ario
Al 1/15
Beu2
Beu 2/48
Ambho
Ambhi/ 21
Aryo
Al 1/15
Bha
Bhe/53
Ambho-bhor
As
As/35
Bha
Bhe/53
Ambhi/ 21
Ater
Ater/37
Bha 1
Bha 1/49
Ambho-Bhor
Athal
Atos/38
Bha 2
Bha 2/50
Bher 1/59
Ato
Atos/38
Bhad
Bhad/ 50
Indo-European
B - D
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Bhag
Bhag/ 51
Bhleu
Bhel/55
Deik
Deik/82
Bhag/52
Bhleu
Bhel/54
Deiw
Dei/81
Bhaghu
Bhaghu /52
Bho
Bhe/53
Dek
Dek/83
Bhag-los
Bhag/52
Bhoi
Bhoi/67
Dekm
Dekm/84
Bhag-mos
Bhag/52
Bhombhos Bamb/4 6
Dekm/85
Bhe
Bhe/53
Bhou
Bhou/67
Deks
Dek/83
Bhe
Bhe/53
Bhra-tar
Bher 1/58
Del
Del/86
Bheg
Bhe/53
Bher 1/59
Dem
Dem/ 8 6
Bhegh
Bhe/53
Bhra-ter
Bher 1/58
Dema
Dema/ 87
Bhegh-iks
Bhe/53
Bhra-ter
Ter 3/475
Denk
Denk/ 87
Bhel
Bhel/54
Bhreg
Bhereg/ 61
Deph
Deph/ 88
Bhel/55
Bhrei
Bher 3/60
Der 1
Der 1/89
Bhelgh
Bhel/54
Bhreu
Bher 5/61
Der2
Der 2 /90
Bhel/55
Bhru 1
Bhru 1/67
Derk
Derk/90
Bhen
Bhen/ 56
Bhru2
Bher 5/61
Dero
Der 1/89
Bhendh
Bhendh/ 57
Bhu
Beu 1/48
Deru 1
Deru 1 /91
Bhengh
Bhengh/ 58
Bhudh
Bhun/ 68
Deru2
Der 2 /90
Bher 1
Bher 1/58
Bhugo
Bhugo/68
Deu 1
Deu 1/92
Bher 1/59
Bhun
Bhun/ 68
Deu2
Deu 2/92
Bher2
Bher 2/59
Bu
Bu/72
Deuk
Deuk/92
Bher 3
Bher 3/60
Dhars
Dhars/93
Bher 4
Bher 4/60
c
Dhe1
Dhe 1 /93
Bher 5
Bher 5/61
Dhe 2
Dhe 2/94
bherd
Bher 3/60
Car
Car/74
Dhe 2/95
Bhereg
Bhereg/ 61
Char
Car/74
Dhedh
Atos/38
Bhereu
Bher 5/61
Dhedh 2
Dhedh 2/95
Bhergh
Bhergh/ 62
D
Dhegh
Dhogh/104
Bhergh/ 63
Dhehem
Ghdhem/150
Bheru
Bher 5/61
Da 1
Da 1/78
Dheigh
Dheigh/ 96
Bheu
Bhou/67
Da 2
Da 2/79
Dhem
Dhem/ 97
Bheu 1
Beu 1/48
Dabh
Da 1/78
Dhe-mna
Dhe 1 /93
Bheu 2
Beu 2/48
Dabh
Da 1/78
Dhe-mo
Dhe 2/95
Bheu 3
Bheu 3/64
Dabhn
Da 1/78
Dhen
Dhen/ 97
Bheudh
Bheudh/65
Dai
Da 1/78
Dher 1
Dher 1/98
Bheug
Bheug/ 65
Dakru
Akru/14
Dher2
Dher 2/99
Bheugh
Bheug/ 65
Danu
Da 2/79
Dherabh
Dher 2/99
Bhili
Bhili/66
Dap
Da 1/78
Dhers
Dhars/93
Bhilo
Bhili/66
Del
De 1/80
Dheu 1
Dheu 1/99
Bhlei
Bhel/54
De2
De 2/80
Dheu2
Dheu 2/100
Bhel/55
Dei
Dei/81
Dheu 3
Dheu 3 /1 01
Indo-European
D - G
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Dheugh
Dheugh/ 101
Drtis
Der 1/89
Erdh
Ered/128
Dheye
Dheye/ 102
Drtos
Der 1/89
Ere1
Ere 1/127
Dhigha
Dheigh/96
Dumb
Dumb/ 112
Ere 2
Eres 1/130
DhTs
Dhis/103
Dus
Dus/ 113
Ered
Ered/128
Dh-mo
Dhe 2/95
Dvei
Dwei/ 114
Erek
Erek/129
Dhogh
Dhogh/ 104
Dwei
Dwei/ 114
Eres 1
Eres 1/130
Dhont
Dhen/97
Dwo
Dwo/ 115
Eres2
Eres 2/131
Dhrabh
Dher 2/99
Dye
Dei/81
Ergh
Er 1/127
Dhragh 1
Dyeu
Dei/81
Ers
Eres 1/130
Dhragh 1/105
Ersen
Eres 1/130
Dhragh 2
Dher 2/99
E
Es 1
Aidh/9
Dhreg Dhragh 1/105
Es2
Es 2/131
Dhreugh
E
I 2/194
Es-ti
Es 2/131
Dhreugh/ 1 05
1 2/195
Esu
Su 1/454
Dhrugh
Dhwer/ 10 6
Ebhi
Ambhi/21
Su 1/455
Dhu
Dheu 2/100
Ed
Ed/ 117
Su 1/456
Dhu-bh
Dheu 2/100
Eg
Eg/ 118
Eter
Eter/132
Dhugh
Dheugh/ 101
Ei
Ei/118
E-tero
I 2/194
Dhugh-tar
Ei/119
Eti
Eti/132
Dheugh/ 101
Eik
Aik/10
Eu 1
Eu 1/132
Ter 3/475
Eis 1
Eis 1/119
Eueguh
Wegwh/502
Dhumbhma
Eis2
Eis 2/120
Eu-es
Wes 3/521
Dumb/ 112
Ekwos
Ekwos/121
Ewan
Eu 1/132
Dhus
Dhus/ 10 6
El 2
El 2/122
Ewegwh
Wegwh/502
Dhwer
Dhwer/ 10 6
El 3
El 3 /122
Ew-es
Wes 3/521
Dhwor
Dhwer/ 10 6
Elei
El 3 /122
Ey
Ei/118
Di
Da 1/78
Elk
El 2/122
Ei/119
Dinghw
Dinghw/107
Eln
El 2/122
Dkm-tom
Dekm/85
Embhi
Embhi/ 12 3
Dlgho
Del/86
Emos
Emos/123
G
Dnghu
Do1
Do 2
Domu
Dous
Drap
Drapses
Dregh
Drep
Drop
Dinghw/107
De 2/80
Do 2/109
Dem/86
Dous/110
Der 1/89
Der 1/89
Dregh/ 110
Der 1/89
Der 1/89
En
Enek
Enk
Eno
Enomn
Ens
Epi
Er1
Er2
En/124
Neku/328
Neku/328
An 2/24
Nomn/34
Ens/125
Epi/125
Er 1/126
Er 1/127
Ere 1/127
Gag
Gal
Galagh
Galgh
Gang
Gargelos
6aulos
Ge
Gebh
Gei
Kak 4/205
Gal/ 13 6
Gal/ 13 6
Gal/ 13 6
Gang/ 137
Gwer 3/180
Gaulos/138
Gei/138
Geph/142
Gei/138
S60
Indo-European
G - G
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Gel
Gel/139
Ghei 2
Ghei 2/154
Ghreu
Gher 3/159
Geleb
Gel/139
Ghei 3
Ghe 1/151
Ghu 1
Ghu 1/165
Geli
Gel/139
Gheis
Gheis/155
Ghu 2
Dinghw/107
Gelu
Gel/139
Gheizd
Gheis/155
Ghua
Dinghw/107
Gelu
Gel/139
Ghei
Ghel/155
Ghuel
Ghuel/ 166
Gem
Geme/ 140
Ghei/ 15 6
Ghugh
Gheugh/ 1 63
Geme
Geme/ 140
Gheled
Gheled/ 156
Ghuk
Ghuk/ 166
Geme-tar
Ter 3/475
Ghen
Ghen/ 157
Ghukos
Ghuk/ 166
Gen
Gno/168
Ghengh
Ghengh/ 157
6humbo
Gwa/1 73
Gene 1
Gene 1/141
Gherl
Gher 1/158
Ghu-to
Ghu 1/165
Gene 2
Gno/168
Gher2
Ghlad/ 163
GT
Gei/138
Genu 1
Genu 1/142
Gher3
Gher 3/159
Gieu
Geu 3/148
Genu 2
Genu 2/142
Gher4
Gher 4/159
Glei
Glei/167
Geph
Geph/ 142
Gherd
Gher 1/158
Glue
Gel/139
Ger1
Ger 1/143
Ghers
Ghers/ 1 60
Gno
Gno/168
Ger2
Ger 2/144
Gherto
Gherto/ 160
Gogel
Gogel/ 168
Ger3
Ger 3/145
Ghes
Ghdies/151
Gogelos
Gogel/ 168
Ger4
Ger 4/145
Gheslo
Gheslo/ 161
Gras
Gras /I 69
Geu 1
Geu 1/14 6
Ghesto
Ghesto/ 161
Gredh
Gredh/ 1 69
Geu 1/147
Gheu 1
Gheu 1/162
Greios
Glei/167
Geu2
Geu 2/147
Gheu2
Ghu 1/165
Greno
Ger 2/144
Geu 3
Geu 3/148
Gheu-bh
Ghu 1/165
Gu
Geu 1/146
Geua
Geu 2/147
Gheue
Ghu 1/165
Geu 1/147
Geulo
Dhogh/104
Gheugh
Gheugh/ 1 63
Guel
Dhogh/104
Geus
Geus/ 148
Ghi
Ghei 1/153
Guha
Gwhi/186
Ghaido
Ghaido/148
GhT
Ghei/ 152
Guheguh
Dhogh/104
Ghaise
Ghei 2/154
Ghia
Ghei/ 152
Guhei
Gwhi/186
Ghait
Ghait/ '149
Ghiem
Ghei 1/153
Gul
Dhogh/104
Ghaita
Ghait/ 149
Ghies
Ghdies/151
Gulgul
Gwer 3/180
Ghans
Ghans/ 149
Ghi-ghe-me
Gumnos
Nogw/339
Ghau
Ghu 1/165
Ghe 1/151
Gunos
Nogw/339
Ghdes
Ghdies/151
Ghlad
Ghlad/ 163
Gurdos
Gurdos/ 170
Ghdhem
Ghdhem/ 150
Ghordho
Gher 1/158
Gurdos/ 170
Ghdies
Ghdies/151
Ghosh
Ous 1/347
Gurdus
Gurdos/ 170
Ghei
Ghe 1/151
Ghosto
Ghesto/ 161
Gurdos/ 170
Ghe2
Ki 2/237
Ghou-ro-s
Guro
Ger 4/145
Ghebh-el
Gh
ou-ro-s/1 64
Gurr
Ger 4/145
Ghebh-el/152
Ghrebh
Ghrebh/ 1 64
Gwa
Gwa/1 72
Ghei
Ghei/ 152
Ghrei
Gher 3/159
Gwa
Gwa/1 72
Ghei 1
Ghei 1/153
Ghrem
Ghrem/ 1 64
Gwa/1 73
661
Indo-European
G - K
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Gwa
Gwa/1 73
Gyeu
Geu 3/148
Kal
Kur/257
Gwadh
Gwadh/ 1 73
Kalwo
Kelewo/223
Gwag
Wag 2/495
I
Kam 1
Kam 1/206
Gwak
Wag 2/495
Kam2
Kam 2/207
Gwebh 1
1 1
Ei/118
Kamer
Kam 2/207
Gwebh 1/174
Ei/119
Kamma
Kamma/ 20 8
Gwebh 2
12
I 2/194
Kamp
Kam 2/207
Gwebh 2/174
I 2/195
Kand 1
Kand 1/209
Gwedh
Gwedh/ 1 74
la 1
Ei/118
Kand2
Skand/422
Gweguos
Wag 2/495
Ei/119
Kank
Kak 2/205
Gwei
Gwei/ 17 5
la 2
Ya/531
Kap
Kap/ 210
Gweie
Gweie/ 17 6
lag
Yag/531
Kapho
Kapho/ 211
Gwel 1
Gwel 1/176
laro
Ei/119
Karl
Kar 1/212
Gwel2
Gwel 2/177
latis
Iatos/196
Karkar
Kar 1/212
Gwelbh
Gwelbh/ 17 7
I atom
Iatos/196
Kas 1
Kes 1/231
Gwen 1
Gwen 1/178
latos
Iatos/196
Kas 2
Kas 2/214
Gwen 2
Gwa/1 72
le
Ei/119
Kau
Kau/ 215
Gwa/1 73
I era
Ei/119
Kau2
Kau 2/215
Gwena
Gwen 1/178
leu
Yeu 2/535
Kaukos
Kau 2/215
Gwer 1
Gwer 1/178
leuo
Ieuo/196
Ke1
Ak/13
Gwer2
Gwer 2/179
lo
I 2/194
Ke2
Ki 2/237
Gwer 3
Gwer 3/180
I 2/195
Ke-e-tero
I 2/194
Gwer 4
Gwer 4/181
Isto
Isto/197
Ki 2/237
Gwere 1
Gwer 2/179
lu
Yu/538
Keg
Keg/ 21 7
Gwere 2
Gwer 3/180
Kei 1
Kei 1/217
Gwes
Gwes/ 181
K
Kei2
Kei 2/218
Gweye
Gweie/ 17 6
Kei 3
Ak/13
Gwhder
Gwhder/ 181
Ka 1
Ka 1/201
Kei 4
Kei 4/219
Gwhedh
Gwhedh/ 182
Ka2
Kwon/2 68
Kek
Keg/ 21 7
Gwhen 1
Kad 1
Kad 1/202
Keku
Keku/ 219
Gwhen 1/182
Kad2
Kad 2/202
Kei 1
Kei 1/220
Gwhen 1/183
Kag
Keg/ 21 7
Kei 2
Kei 2/220
Gwhen 1/184
Kak1
Kak 1/204
Kei 3
Kei 3/221
Gwhen 2
Kak 2
Kak 2/205
Kei 4
Kei 4/222
Gwhen 2/185
Kak3
Kak 3/205
Kei 5
Kei 5/222
Gwher
Gwher/ 186
Kak4
Kak 4/205
Kei 6
Kei 6/222
Gwhi
Gwhi/ 18 6
Kakha
Kak 2/205
Kelewo
Kelewo/223
Gwou
Gwou/ 187
KakTna
Kakis/ 20 6
Kern 1
Kern 1/223
Gwou
Gwou/ 187
Kakis
Kakis/ 20 6
Kern 2
Kern 2/223
Gwuna
Gwen 1/178
Kakus
Kakis/ 20 6
Ken
Ken/ 22 4
662
Indo-European
K - K
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Keng
Keg/ 21 7
Khad
Khad/235
Kreu
Kreu/ 246
Kenkl
Kenk 1/224
Khai
Ghei 1/153
Krk
Kerk/ 230
Kenk2
Keg/ 21 7
Khei
Ghei 1/153
Ksei 1
Ksei 1/248
Kens
Kens/225
Ki 1
Kei 2/218
Ksei2
Ksei 2/249
Ker1
Ker 1/22 6
Ki 2
Ki 2/237
Ksei 3
Ksei 3/249
Ker 2
Sek/408
Kiel
Kei 1/217
Ksengio
Ghengh/157
Sek/409
Kie2
Kei 2/218
Ksero
Ksero/ 2 50
Ker3
Ker 3/22 7
Kies
Kies/ 2 37
Kseubh
Kseubh/ 2 50
Ker 4
Ker 4/228
Kiph
Kiph/ 237
Kseud
Kseud/ 2 50
Ker5
Ker 5/228
Klau
Kleu 2/241
KsTp
Ksip/251
Kerb
Ker 4/228
Klei
Klei/239
KsTph
Ksip/251
Kerd 1
Kerd 1/229
Klem
Klem/ 239
Ksiptis
Ksip/251
Kerd2
Kerd 2/229
Kleu 1
Kleu 1/240
Ksiptom
Ksip/251
Kerd ha
Kerd 2/229
Kleu 2
Kleu 2/241
KsTro
Ksiro/252
Kerd ho
Kerd 2/229
Klis
Klis/241
Ksudros
Kerk
Kerk/ 230
Klou-ni
Klou-ni/242
Ksudros/252
Keros
Sper/437
Kmtom
Dekm/85
Ku 1
Ku 1/253
Kers 1
Ker 4/228
Ko1
Ak/13
Ku2
Ku 2/254
Kers2
Kers 2/230
Ko2
Ki 2/237
Ku3
Skeu 2/425
Kerta
Ker 5/228
Koi
Ak/13
Kuatos
Kuatos/254
Kes 1
Kes 1/231
Koi-to
Kei 4/219
Kub
Geu 1/14 6
Kes2
Kes 2/231
Koksa
Kenk 1/224
Geu 1/147
Ket
Ket/ 2 32
Kolema
Kolemos/242
Kue
Kwe/258
Keu 1
Geu 1/146
Kolemos
Kuei
Kuei/254
Geu 1/147
Kolemos/242
Kumb
Geu 1/14 6
Keu2
Keu 2/232
Kongar
Kar 1/212
Geu 1/147
Keu 3
Keu 3/233
Kork
Kerk/ 230
Kund
Kund/ 2 55
Skeu 2/425
Korka
Korka/243
Kundos
Kund/ 2 55
Keu 4
Keu 4/234
Kormo
Kormo/ 24 3
Kung
Kung/ 2 55
Keu 5
Ku 1/253
Koro
Koro/244
Kungios
Kung/ 2 55
Keub
Geu 1/14 6
Kor-ona
Sker 1/424
Kunki
Kung/ 2 55
Geu 1/147
Koros
Koro/244
Kunos
Keu 2/232
Keu-bh
Keu 4/234
koruos
Koro/244
Kup1
Kup 1/256
Keud
Keued/234
Kost
Kost/245
Kup 2
Kup 2/256
Keued
Keued/234
Kot
Ket/ 2 32
Kur
Ker 5/228
Keukl
Keuk 1/235
Kou
Keu 3/233
Kur
Kur/ 2 57
Keuk2
Geu 1/14 6
Kred
Kerd 1/229
Kuros
Keu 2/232
Geu 1/147
Krei
Krei/ 24 5
Kur-wo
Sker 1/424
Keup
Geu 1/14 6
Krep
Kwer/2 63
Kut
Kut/258
Geu 1/147
Krep-ed-tro
Kut-no
Skeu 2/425
Kwer/2 63
663
Indo-European
K - M
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Kuur
Keu 2/232
Lang
Lang/272
Lup
Wei 2/511
Ku-z-dho
Skeu 2/425
Lap-aro
Lep/ 2 79
Kwal
Skwalo/428
Leb
Leb/ 27 4
M
Kwalo
Skwalo/428
Legwh
Legwh/ 27 5
Kwalos
Skwalo/428
Lei
El 3 /122
Ma
Ma/286
Kwe
Kwe/ 2 58
Lei
Lei/ 27 5
Mad
Mad/28 7
Kwei 1
Kwei 1/259
Leig
Leig/ 27 6
Maghl
Maghl/288
Kwei2
Kwei 2/259
Leigh 1
Leigh 1/276
Magh2
Magh 2/289
Kweit
Kuei/254
Leigh 2
Leigh 2/277
Maghos
Maghos/289
Kwek
Kwek/ 2 60
Leikw
Leigh 2/277
Maghu
Maghos/289
Kwel
Kwel/ 2 60
Leip
Leip/ 27 8
Mak
Mak/ 2 90
Kwel/ 2 61
Leith
Leith/ 27 8
Mako
Mako/290
Kwen 1
Kwen 1/2 61
Lek
Lek/ 27 8
Manu
Men 1/302
Kwen 2
Kwen 2/2 62
Lek
Lek/279
Manus
Men 1/302
Kwep
Kup 2/256
Leng
Longos/284
Ma-ter
Ma/286
Kwer
Kwer/ 2 62
Lengho
Longos/284
Ter 3/475
Kwer/ 2 63
Lep
Lep/ 2 79
Mbh
Nobh/337
Kwermi
Wer 2/514
Lepos
Lep/ 2 79
Mbhi
Ambhi/21
Wer 2/515
Les
Les/ 27 9
Me1
Me 1/292
Kwes
Kwes/ 2 64
Lesa
Les/ 27 9
Me 2
Me 2/293
Kwetwer
Lesiom
Les/ 27 9
Me 2/294
Kwetwer / 2 65
Lesos
Les/ 27 9
Med
Me 2/294
Kweye
Kweye/ 2 66
Letra
Letro/280
Medhu
Medhu/294
Kwi 1
Kwo/ 2 67
Letro
Letro/280
Medhyo
Medhyo/ 2 95
Kwi2
Kwe/ 2 58
Letros
Letro/280
Meg
Meg/295
Kwo
Kwo/ 2 67
Leu
Leu/280
Megh
Meg/295
Kwoi
Kwei 2/259
Leudh
Leudh/281
Mei 1
Mei 1/296
Kwon
Kwon/ 2 68
leudheros Leudh/281
Mei2
Mei 2/296
Kwri
Kwri/ 269
leudho
Leudh/281
Mei 3
Mei 3/297
Kwsep
Kwsep/ 2 69
Leuk
Leuk/282
Mei 4
Mei 4/297
Kyo
Ki 2/237
Leup
Leup/ 283
Meig
Meig/298
Leuqos
Leuk/282
Meigh 1
Meig/298
L
Lithra
Lithra/ 284
Meigh 2
Meig/298
Ljakti
Lakti/271
Meigw
Mei 3/297
La
La/2 70
Loi
Lei/ 27 5
Meih
Mei 3/297
Laio
La/2 70
Loik
Uroiks/491
Meik
Meig/298
Lak
Lek/2 79
Long
Longos/284
Meit
Meit/ 299
Lakat
Lek/2 79
Longos
Longos/284
Meith
Meit/ 299
Lakt
Lek/2 79
Lrg
Lrg/ 285
Mel 1
Mel 1/299
Lakti
Lakti/271
Lu
Leu/280
Mel 2
Mel 2/299
Indo-European
M - O
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Mel 3
Mel 3/300
Moudhio
Moudh/ 311
Nekwt
Noktis/339
Melg
Melg/ 300
Mozgho
Mozgo/312
Nem 1
Nem 1/329
Melo
Mel 2/299
Mozgo
Mozgo/312
Nem2
Nem 2/329
Men 1
Men 1/301
Mregu
Mregu/ 312
Nembh
Nebh/323
Men 1/302
Mrgu
Mregu/ 312
Nena
Nana/319
Men 2
Men 2/303
Mu
Mu/313
Nepot
Nepot/ 330
Men 3
Men 3/303
Muk
Muk/ 314
Neptis
Nepot/ 330
Men-dh
Men 1/302
Mus
Mu/313
Ner1
Ner 1/331
Menot
Me 2/293
Ner2
Ner 2/332
Me 2/294
N
Nerq
Ner 2/332
Menth
Menth/ 30 4
Nes 1
Nes 1/332
Menth/ 30 4
Na 1
Na 1/316
Nes2
Ne 2/322
Mer 1
Mer 1/304
Na2
Na 2/316
Neu
Neu/333
Mer2
Mer 2/305
Nabja
Nabja/ 31 7
Neudh
Sneudh/432
Mer 2/306
Naks
Naks/ 318
Newn
Newn/333
Mer 3
Mer 3/306
Nana
Nana/319
Newo
Newo/334
Mer-d
Mer 2/305
Narda
Nedo/324
NT1
Ni 1/335
Mer 2/306
Nas
Nas/ 320
Ni 2
Nei 1/325
Mereg
Merg/ 307
Nask
Naks/ 31 8
Nei 1/326
Merg
Merg/ 307
Nau
Na 1/316
NT 3
Nei 2/326
Mer-k
Mer 2/305
Naus
Na 1/316
Nis
Nis/ 33 6
Mer 2/306
Ndher
En/124
Nk
Neku/328
Merk
Merk/ 307
Ndhi
En/124
Nobh
Nobh/ 337
Meth
Menth/ 304
Ndhos
En/124
Nog
Nog/338
Meu 1
Meu 1/308
Ne1
Ne 1/321
Nogh
Nogh/338
Meu2
Mew/ 30 9
Ne 1/322
Nogw
Nogw/339
Meug
Meug/308
Ne2
Ne 2/322
Noktis
Noktis/339
Meuk
Meuk/309
Nebh
Nebh/323
Nokut
Neku/328
Meuk/309
Ned
Ned/ 32 4
Nomn
Nomn/ 34
Mew
Mew/ 30 9
Nedo
Nedo/324
Nor
Nor/ 34
Mizdho
Mizdho/ 310
Nei 1
Nei 1/325
Nu
Newo/334
Moin
Mei 3/297
Nei 1/326
Moiso
Moiso/ 310
Nei2
Nei 2/326
o
Mon
Men 3/303
Nei 3
Ne 1/321
Mono
Men 3/303
Ne 1/322
Obhi
Ambhi/21
Mor-to
Mer 2/305
Neia
Nei 2/326
Oies
Oies/342
Mer 2/306
Nek1
Nek 1/327
Oi-no
I 2/195
Morui
Morwi/ 311
Nek 2
Neku/328
Okto
Okto/342
Morwi
Morwi/ 311
Neku
Neku/328
Oku
Oku/343
Moudh
Moudh/ 311
Nekw
Noktis/339
Okw
Okw/ 34 3
Indo-European
O - Q
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
01 1
Al 1/15
Peig
Peig/ 35 6
Pislos
Pilo/373
Olena
El 3 /122
Pek
Pek/ 357
Plat
Pele/361
Ombh
Nobh/337
Peku
Pek/ 357
Pie
Pel 1/359
Ombhro
Nebh/323
Pekw
Pekw/ 358
Pneu
Skeu 1/425
Ome
Ome/ 34 4
Pel 1
Pel 1/359
P6 1
Apo/29
Ono
An 2/24
Pel 2
Pel 2/360
Apo/30
Onogh
Nogh/338
Pel 3
Pel 3/360
P6 2
Po 2/374
Op
Op/ 34 4
Pele
Pele/361
Pod
Ped/353
Opi
Epi/125
Pelt
Pele/361
Ped/354
Opop
Opop/ 34 5
Pelu
Pel 1/359
Poi
Po 2/374
Or
Er 1/126
Pen
Spen/437
Poin
Spen/437
Er 1/127
Pend
Spen/437
Pol
Pol /375
Orghi
Orghi/ '3 45
Penkwe
Penkwe/ 3 62
Porkwos
Pel 2/360
Os
Ous 2/348
Pent
Pent/ 3 62
P-os
Apo/30
Ost
Ost/346
Per 1
Per 1/363
Pos
Apo/30
Ous 1
Ous 1/346
Per 1/364
Poti
Pa/349
Ous 1/347
Per 2
Per 2/365
Pa/350
Ous 2
Ous 2/348
Per 3
Per 3/366
Potis
Pa/349
Ow
Aw/43
Per 3/367
Pa/350
Owo
Aw/43
Per 4
Per 4/368
Pou
Pou/ 37 6
Owyo
Aw/43
Pera
Per 4/368
PrT
Pri/377
Ozdo
Ozgho/348
Perk 1
Perk 1 /368
Prs
Prs/ 377
Ozgho
Ozgho/348
Perk 2
Perk 2 /369
Pu 1
Peu/ 371
Per-per-os
Pu2
Pu 2/378
P
Per 1/364
Pu3
Apo/29
Persna
Persna/369
Apo/30
Pa
Pa/349
Pesteno
Pesteno/369
Pu4
Pu 4/378
Pa/350
Pet 1
Pet 1/370
Pug
Peuk/372
Pag
Pak/350
Pet 2
Pet 2/371
Puk
Puk/ 37 8
Pais
Pis/ 374
Peu
Peu/ 371
Paita
Pele/361
Peua
Pu 4/378
Pak
Pak/350
Peud
Peud/ 371
Q
ParTka
Parika/351
Peue
Peu/ 371
Qa
Qam
Qand
Qap
Qar 1
Qau 1
Qau2
Qel
Ka 1/201
Kara 2/207
Kand 1/209
Kap/210
Kar 1/212
Kau/215
Kau 2/215
Kel 4/222
Pa-ter
Ped
Peg
PeT
Pa/349
Pa/350
Ter 3/475
Ped/353
Ped/354
Peg/355
Pei/355
Peuk
PT
Pikho
Piko
Pilo
Pin
Pis
Peuk/372
P6 2/374
Piko/372
Piko/372
Pilo/373
Pin/ 373
Pis/ 374
Indo-European
Q - S
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Qem
Qeque
Qer
Qeud
Qhad
Qhar
Qor
Qr
Qreu
Qreus
Qrus
Qruwes
Qsei
Qseu
Qseud
Quatis
Quatos
Que
Quomn
Quoros
Qusero
Quseros
Quseros
Qusudros
Qwe
Qwei
Qwek
Qwel
Qwer
Qwetwor
Qweye
Qwi
Qwri
Kara 2/207
Keku/219
Ker 3/227
Keued/234
Khad/235
Kar 1/212
Ker 3/22 7
Ker 3/22 7
Kreu/24 6
Kreu/24 6
Kreu/24 6
Kreu/24 6
Ksei 1/248
Kes 2/231
Kseud/250
Kuatos/254
Kuatos/254
Kwe/258
Kamma/208
Kur/257
Kar 1/212
Kar 1/212
Sper/437
Ksudros/252
Kwe/258
Kwei 1/259
Kwek/2 60
Kwel/2 60
Kwel/2 61
Kwer/2 62
Kwer/2 63
Kwetwer/265
Kweye/2 66
Kwei 1/259
Kwri/2 69
R
Re
Redh
Reg1
Reg 2
Reg 3
Regh
Rei
Rei 1
Rei 2
Reig
Rek
Rekp
Rekto
Rem
Rep
Ret
Reu 1
Reu2
Reu 3
Reua
Reud 1
Reud2
Ere 1/127
Redh/ 38 6
Reg 1/387
Rek/390
Reg 3/388
Redh/ 38 6
Leudh/281
Rei 1/389
Rei 2/389
Rei 2/389
Rek/390
Rei 2/389
Reg 1/387
Rem/ 3 90
Rep/ 3 91
Ret/392
Reu 1/393
Reu 2/393
Reu 1/393
Reu 2/393
Reu 1/393
Reu 2/393
Reudh 1 Reudh 1/394
Reudh 2 Reu 2/393
Reug Reug/394
Reughmen
Reughmen/394
Reu 2/393
Reuto/395
Rewe/395
Rk-tho/396
Rk-tho/396
Eres 1/130
Reuto/395
Reu 1/393
Reu 2/393
Rewe/395
Reuto/395
Reup
Reuto
Rewe
Rk-so
Rk-tho
Ros
Routo
Ru 1
Ru2
Ru3
Rut
Saen
Sai 1
Sai 2
Saka
Sam
Saus
Sawel
Se1
Se2
Se3
Sed
Segh
Sei 1
Sei2
Sei 3
Seiku
Seikw
Seip
Sek
Seks
Sekw
Selg
Sem 1
Sem2
Sen 1
Sen 2
Seni
Seno
Septm
Ser1
Ser2
Ser3
Sera
Seu 1
Se 2/404
Se 1/404
Sai 2/398
Saka/399
Sem 2/413
Saus/401
Sawel/402
Sawel/403
Se 1/404
Se 2/404
Se 3/404
Sed/405
Sed/ 406
Segh/ 406
Se 1/404
Se 2/404
Sai 2/398
Seiku/407
Seiku/407
Seip/ 4 07
Sek/408
Sek/409
Sweks/4 60
Sekw/ 410
Selg/411
Sem 1/411
Sem 1/412
Sem 2/413
Sen 1/413
Sen 2/414
Sen 2/414
Sen 1/413
Septm/ 4 14
Ser 1/414
Ser 1/415
Ser 2/416
Ser 3/416
Ser 3/416
Seu 1/417
Indo-European
s - s
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Seu2
Seu 2/418
Skur
Skeu 2/425
Spyeu
Spyeu/441
Seu 3
Seu 3/418
Skwalo
Skwalo/428
Sqand
Skand/422
Seu4
Seu 4/418
Skwalos
Skwalo/428
Sqombh-
no
Sew
Seu 4/418
Sm
Sem 1/411
Kamma/208
ST1
Se 1/404
Sem 1/412
Srem
Ser 1/415
ST 2
Se 2/404
Smeit
Smeit/ '430
Sreno
Sreno/442
ST 3
Sai 2/398
Smelo
Mel 2/299
Sresk
Sresk/442
Skabh
Skabh/420
Smer
Mer 1/304
Sreu
Ser 1/415
Skaf
Sek/408
Smerd
Mer 2/305
Srisa
Srisa/443
Sek/409
Mer 2/306
Srisna
Srisa/443
Skai
Skai/421
Sna
Sna/431
Sru
Ser 1/415
Skaivos
Skaivos/421
Sneigwh
Sta
Sta/444
Skand
Skand/422
Sneigwh/432
Sta/445
Skand-sla Skand/422
Sner
Ner 2/332
Stai 1
Stai 1/445
Sked 1
Sek/408
Snerq
Ner 2/332
Stai 2
Stei/447
Sek/409
Sneu
Sai 2/398
Stak
Sta/444
Sked2
Sked 2/422
Sneu
Sai 2/398
Sta/445
Skei
Sek/408
Sneudh
Sneudh/432
Stebh
Stebh/446
Sek/409
Snog
Nog/338
Steg
Steg/ 447
Skel
Sek/409
Snu
Sai 2/398
Stei
Stei/447
Skel 1
Skel 1/423
So
So/433
Steig
Steig/448
Skel 2
Sek/408
Soito
Se 1/404
Steigh
Steigh/449
Sek/409
Sol
Sol/434
Stena
Ten 2/472
Skend
Skand/422
Solo
Sol/434
Sterl
Ster 1/449
Skeng
Skeng/423
Spek
Spek/ 436
Ster2
Ster 2/450
Skep
Sek/408
Spelgh
Spelgh/ 437
Ster3
Ster 3/450
Sek/409
Spen
Spen/ 437
Ster4
Ster 4/451
Skerl
Sker 1/424
Sper
Sper/ 437
Sterp
Ster 3/450
Sker2
Sek/408
Spereg
Spereg/ 438
Steu 1
Steu 1/451
Sek/409
Spergh
Spereg/ 438
Steu2
Steu 2/452
Skeu 1
Skeu 1/425
Sphel
Sphel/439
Stewe
Stewe/452
Skeu2
Skeu 2/425
Sphelghen
Stha
Sta/444
Skeu 3
Keu 3/233
Spelgh/ 437
Sta/445
Skeud 1
Skeud 1/426
Spher
Spher/ 440
Stig
Steig/448
Skeud 2
Keued/234
Sphereg
Spereg/ 438
Stoigh
Steigh/449
Skhai
Skhai/427
Spheud
Peud/371
Stomen
Stomen/453
Skhed
Sek/408
SphTeu
Spyeu/441
Stor
Ster 1/449
Sek/409
Spongo
Spongo /441
Str
Ster 1/449
Skou
Keu 3/233
Spreg
Spereg/ 438
Su 1
Su 1/454
Sku
Skeu 2/425
Sprek
Spereg/ 438
Su 1/455
Indo-European
s - v
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Su 1/456
Teks
Tex/4 79
Tres
Tres/483
Su2
Su 2/457
Teku 1
Teku 1/4 68
Tronkus
Trenk/ 4 82
Su3
Sawel/402
Teku2
Tex/4 79
Trp
Terp/ 4 75
Sawel/403
Tekw
Teku 1/4 68
Tu
Tu/483
Su4
Seu 3/418
Tel
Tel/ 4 69
Tu
Tu/483
Sua
Kwon/2 68
Tern
Tem/470
Tuardo
Tuardo/484
SuTg
Suig/457
Temp
Ten 1/471
Tulupos
Tulupos/484
Sup 1
Swep/ 4 62
Ten 1/472
Turd
Tuardo/484
Sup 2
Kup 1/256
Ten 1
Ten 1/471
Turt
Tuardo/484
Sus
Saus/401
Ten 1/472
Twerk
Twerk/ 4 85
Sutus
Seu 3/418
Ten 2
Ten 2/472
Twrk
Twerk/ 4 85
Svas
Svas/459
Tengh
Ten 1/471
Swad
Swad/459
Ten 1/472
u
Swei
Swei/459
Tenk
Tenk/ 47 3
Sweib
Swei/459
Tenu
Ten 1/472
Ud 1
Ud 1/486
Sweid
Sweid/ 460
Tep
Tep/ 4 73
Ud2
Wed/ 4 97
Sweks
Sweks/ 4 60
Ter1
Ter 1/474
Wed/ 4 98
Swekwo
Swekwo/ 4 60
Ter 2
Tres/483
Udero
Udero/ 487
Swel 1
Swel 1/4 61
Ter 3
Ter 3/475
Ue
I 2/195
Swel2
Sawel/403
Terp
Terp/ 4 75
Uedero
Udero/ 487
Swen
Swen/ 4 61
Ters
Ters/ 47 6
Ues
Yu/538
Swep
Swep/ 4 62
Teter
Teter/ 47 6
ug
Aueg/4
Swer
Swer/ 4 62
Teu 1
Teu 1/477
Ugw
Wegw/501
Wer 6/517
Teu 2
Steu 2/452
Uks
Wegw/501
Swe-sor
Seu 1/417
Teub
Teub/478
Uksen
Wegw/501
Teuk
Teu 1/477
Ulp
Wei 2/511
T
Teuk-os
Keku/219
Uo
I 2/195
Teup
Steu 2/452
Uog
Aueg/4
Tai
Stai 1/445
Teus
Teus/ 47 8
Uper
Upo/490
Tal
Tal/ 4 65
Tex
Tex/4 79
Upo
Upo/489
Tannur
Tanur/ 466
Text
Tex/4 79
Upo/490
Tanur
Tanur/ 466
Tiegu
Tiegu/ 47 9
Urigh
Urigh/490
Tar
Ter 3/475
Titi
Titi/480
Uroiks
Uroiks/491
Tat
Atos/38
Titil
Titi/480
Tata
Atos/38
To
So/433
V
Tauro
Teu 1/477
Tr
Ter 1/474
Tebh
Teub/478
Trei
Trei/481
Veno
Wes 5/522
Tebhos
Teub/478
Trenk
Trenk/ 4 82
Vesno
Wes 5/522
Teg
Steg/447
Trep 1
Trep 1/482
Veso
Wes 5/522
Teig
Steig/448
Trep2
Terp/ 4 75
Indo-European
W - Y
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
w
Wa
Eu 1/132
Wag
Wegh/ 501
Wag 2
Wag 2/495
Wai
Wai/ 4 95
Waq
Wegh/ 501
Was
Wes 1/520
We1
We 1/496
We 2
Au 2/39
Webh
Webh/ 497
Wed
Wed/ 4 97
Wed/ 4 98
Wedh
Wen/513
Wedh 1
Wedh 1/498
Wedh 2
Wedh 2/499
Weg 1
Weg 1/499
Weg2
Weg 2/500
Wegh
Wegh/ 501
Wego
Wego/ 501
Wegw
Wegw/ 501
Wegwh
Wegwh/ 502
Wei 1
Wei 1/502
Wei 2
Wei 2/503
Weib
Weip/ 506
Weid
We id/504
Weidh
Weidh/ 50 5
Weikl
Weik 1/505
Weik2
Weik 2/506
Weip
Weip/ 506
Weis
Weis/ 507
Wek
Wek/ 507
Wekw
Wekw/ 508
Wei 1
Wei 1/509
Wei 2
Wei 2/510
Wei 2/511
Wei 3
Wei 3/511
Wela
Wei 2/510
Wem
Wem/ 512
Wen
Wen/512
Wen/513
Wep
Weqw
Wer1
Wer2
Wer3
Wer4
Wer5
Wer6
Werb
Werd
Werdh
Weredh
Weren
Werg 1
Werg2
Werg 3
Wermi
Werp
Wert
Wes 1
Wes 2
Wes 3
Wes 4
Wes 5
Wesa
Wesn
Wes-no
We-spero
Wesr
Wesu
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wep/ 51 3
Wekw/ 508
Wer 1/514
Wer 2/514
Wer 2/515
Wer 3/516
Wed/ 4 97
Wed/ 4 98
Wer 5/517
6/517
6/517
2/514
2/515
6/517
Ered/128
Ered/128
Weren/518
Werg 1/519
3/516
2/514
2/515
2/514
2/515
2/514
2/515
2/514
Wer 2/515
Wes 1/520
Aus 2/41
Wes 3/521
4/521
5/522
1/520
5/522
5/522
2/39
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wes
Wes
Wes
Wes
Wes
Au
Aus 2/41
Su 1/454
Su 1/455
Su 1/456
Wet
Wi
Wid
Wi-itos
Win
Wiros
Wlkwo
Wlna
Wlp
Woid
Woin
Wokso
Wolko
Wopsa
Worda
Wordia
Wordos
Wos
Wosos
Wrdho
Wreg 1
Wreg2
Wrei
Wrg
Wrod
Wropal
Ya
Yag
Ye
Yekwer
Yem
Yero
Yes
Yeu 1
Wet/ 52 2
Wi/523
Wi/524
We id/504
Ei/119
Wi/524
Woin/525
Wei 2/503
Wei 2/510
Wei 2/510
Wei 2/511
We id/504
Woin/525
Weg 1/499
Wei 2/510
Webh/ 497
Wer
Wer
Wer
Wes
Wes
6/517
6/517
6/517
1/520
1/520
Wrdho/ 52 6
Wreg 1/527
Wer 3/516
Wer 2/514
Wer 2/515
Wer 3/516
Wrdho/ 52 6
Wer 2/515
Ya/531
Yag/ 531
Ei/119
Yekwer/533
Yem/ 534
Ei/119
Yes/534
Yeu 1/535
670
Indo-European
Y - Z
WORD
Root/Page
Yeu2
Yeu 2/535
Yeu3
Yeu 3/536
yeu-dh
Yeu 3/536
Yeug
Yeu 1/535
yeug
Yeu 3/536
Yewo
Ieuo/196
Yos
Yds/538
Yu
Yu/538
Yuwn
Yeu 2/535
Yuwnkos
Yeu 2/535
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Zgwes
Gwes/181
571
Indo-Scythian
A - Z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Indo-
Scythian
A
Xad
Xasta
X
Xad/528
Xad/528
Aysan
Zay/539
B
Yau
Y
Yau/532
Bata
Bunai
Byurru
Bata/46
Bunai/72
Byurru/ 7 3
G
Zay
Zi
Z
Zay/539
Zay/539
Gan
Guysna
Gyuna
Gan/ 137
Guysna/ 1 71
Yau/532
K
Kavuta
Kavuta/215
M
Mura
Mura/ 314
R
Raud
Raup
Raup/ 38 5
Raup/ 38 5
u
Uysgani
Gan/ 137
V
Var
Vata
Var/ 4 92
Bata/46
372
Iranian
B - W
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Iranian
w
B
waz
Weg 2/500
Bambak
Pambak/351
D
daux
Dheugh/101
dauxs
Dheugh/101
davc
Deuk/92
dhaug
Dheugh/101
due
Deuk/92
duk
Deuk/92
G
Gabbah
Gabbah/ 136
K
Kaftan
Kaftan/203
L
lap
Leb/274
P
Pambak
Pambak/351
partaka
Pele/361
V
vasa
Wet/ 52 2
vata
Bata/46
vawza
Webh/497
vaz
Weg 2/500
j73
Iranian (Old)
c - x
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Iranian (Old)
SMS Klis/241
suxra-vard
c
Wrdho/52 6
cam
Kwen 2/2 62
K
T
thrapu Trep 1/482
kar3
Sek/409
u
kar3
Sek/409
L
us-kar-a Sek/4 09
V
lakata
Lek/2 78
M
varedha Wrdho/526
w
maud
mauda
Moudh/311
Moudh/311
N
wrda Wrdho/526
X
naz
Nog/338
P
Xsarta Xsarta/529
paud
Peud/371
paud-a
Peud/371
R
rakata
Lek/2 78
Rarz
Lrg/285
s
Skaif
Skaif/421
Skaip
Skaif/421
sraTs
Klis/241
574
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Irish
s - u
WORD Root/Page
Irish
sean tig Steg/447
Irish (Old)
tech Steg/447
u
uisce Wed/ 4 i
uisce beathadh
Wed/ 4 i
j75
Italian
A - Z
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Italian
F
R
A
fascismo Bhendh/57
riso
Urigh/490
arancia Naranga/319
G
s
arsenale D.v.r/114
S.n. 'a/431
assassino H.s.s/193
garbo Koro/244
giraffa Zarafah/539
gonda Gwhen 1/183
saf-fior
scalo
S.f.r/419
Skand/422
B
balcone Bhergh/62
Gwhen 1/183
gondola Gwhen 1/183
T
grained rock
Ger 2/144
granito Ger 2/144
traffico
traficare
F.r.q/135
F.r.q/135
ballotta Bhel/54
grappo Ger 1/143
bambino Baba/45
z
barbacane
Bhergh/62
M
zibetto
Z.b.d/540
Gwhen 1/183
macrame Q.r.m/382
bronzo Berenza/47
ma-donna Dem/86
Marocco Erebu/128
c
maschera s.x.r/4 63
materasso T.r.h/483
ca i ceo Kay ik/ 216
mazazzino Gzn/188
calibro Ku 1/253
monna Y.m.n/537
Ped/354
moschea Masgda/292
Cerretano Car /1 4
Cerreto Car /1 4
N
ciarlatano Car /1 4
commerci Merk/30 7
numero Nem 1/329
cuffia Ghebh-el/152
D
P
palla Bhel/54
darsena D.v.r/114
pallone Bhel/54
S.n. 'a/431
pistacchio Bistak/69
doccia Deuk/92
pro-filare Gwhi/186
doccione Deuk/92
don Dem/86
donna Dem/86
Q
quadratina
Kwetwer/2 65
Latin
A - C
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Latin
ambractus
Ei/118
Ag/5
azzurum
La j in/271
A
amb-ulare
Al 4/18
B
amen
A.m.n/22
ab
Apo/29
ana-tempa
ballaena
Bhel/54
abyssus
Gwadh/1 73
Ten 1/472
balsamun
Busma/72
a caeso matris
anguis
Angwhi/2 7
barbaria
Baba/45
Skhai/427
angulus
Ang/2 6
barbarus
Baba/45
accidere
Kad 2/202
anima
An 1/24
bardus
Gurdos/170
acci-piter
Oku/343
anser
Ghans/149
beryl 1 us
Velur/494
Pet 1/370
apere
Ap 2/28
bi
Dwo/115
acere
Ak/12
ap-enre
Wer 3/516
bibere
Po 2/374
acetum
Ak/12
apex
Ap 2/28
biblia
J.b.l /199
acu
Oku/343
apis
Embhi/123
bis
Dwo/115
acu-pedius
Oku/343
aptus
Ap 2/28
bis-coctus Dwo/115
Pet 1/370
aqua
Akwa/14
Pekw/358
acus
Ak/12
aqualius
Akwa/14
biscopus
Epi/125
adamas
Dema/87
ara
As/35
bombus
Bamb/4 6
ad-apt-are
Ap 2/28
architectus
bombyx
Pambak/351
ad-cad-ere
Arxein/35
bos
Gwou/187
Kad 2/202
archivum
Arxein/35
bov-
Gwou/187
ad-cor
Kerd 1/229
arcticus
Rk-tho/396
brevis
Mregu/312
ad-eptus
Ap 2/28
ardere
As/35
bronzium
Berenza/4 7
Adriaticus
Ater/37
arere
As/35
bucina
Beu 2/48
aera
Aios/10
argentum
Arg/34
bulca
Beu 2/48
aes
Aios/10
arguere
Arg/34
bulga
Bhel/54
aether
Aidh/9
ars
Ar/32
bulla
Beu 2/48
agens
Ag/5
asetus
Aidh/9
burgus
Bhergh/63
agere
Ag/5
ater
Ater/37
buteo
Beu 1/48
ag-sla
Ag/5
atrium
Ater/37
butio
Beu 1/48
aither
Aidh/9
atrox
Ater/37
butTre
Beu 1/48
alchymia
Gheu 1/162
audire
Ous 1/347
Kers 2/230
augere
Aueg/4
c
alcohol
K.h. 1/236
augur
Aueg/4
Alexander
Alek/19
augustus
Aueg/4
cadentia
Kad 2/202
alius
Al 1/15
aurora
Aus 2/41
cad-ere
Kad 2/202
alter
Al 1/15
australis
Aus 2/41
cadmTa
Q.d.m/380
Alumen
Alu/20
authenticus Autos/42
caedere
Skhai/427
ambactus
Ambhi/21
auxilium
Aueg/4
caelum
Skhai/427
ambi-Tre
Ambhi/21
avis
Aw/43
caementu
m
Skhai/427
577
Latin
c - c
WORD
Roo
t/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Caesaria
Skhai/427
Caucasus
Kreu/24 6
col-lum
Kwel/2 61
calamus
Kolemos/242
Ku 1/253
color
Kel 2/220
calefare
Kel
1/220
cauma
Ku 1/253
col-umba
Kel 4/222
calere
Kel
1/220
cavere
Keu 3/233
com-cors
Kerd 1/229
calix
Kel
5/222
cavus
Keu 2/232
comerx
Merk/307
calor
Kel
1/220
cedrus
Q. t.r/382
communis
Mei 3/297
calvaria
Kelewo/223
celare
Kel 2/220
concilium
Kel 3/221
calvus
Kelewo/223
cens-ere
Kens/225
con-vexus
Wegh/501
camelus
Jamal/198
centenarium Dekm/85
co-op
Op/ 34 4
camera
Kara
2/207
centum
Dekm/85
coquere
Pekw/358
caminus
Kara
2/207
cephalicus
cor
Kerd 1/229
camisia
Kern
2/223
Ghebh-el/152
corpus
Kwer/2 63
Campanic
Kam
2/207
ce-terus
I 2/194
cortus
Sek/408
campus
Kara
2/207
Ki 2/237
costa
Kost/245
camus
Kara
1/206
charta
Cartes/74
coxa
Kenk 1/224
canalis
Gwhen
1/184
chronicus
coxTnus
Kenk 1/224
cancer
Kar
1/212
Gher 1/158
crassia
Kiru/238
candidare
ciere
Kei 2/218
crassus
Kiru/238
Kand
1/209
cimex
Kei 1/217
credere
Kerd 1/229
candidatus
cinnabaris
cremare
Ker 5/228
Kand
1/209
Sinkadrus/420
cn-bellare
Sek/409
candidus
Kand
1/209
circum-Tre
Ei/118
crispus
Sker 1/424
canis
Kwon/2 68
circus
Sker 1/424
crista
Sker 1/424
capere
Kap/210
citare
Kei 2/218
crocodillus
capotes
Kavu
ta/215
cithara
Ten 1/471
Korka/243
capparis
cTvis
Kei 4/219
crudus
Kreu/24 6
Kapparis/211
clamare
Kel 3/221
crusta
Kreu/24 6
capsa
Kap/210
clamitas
Kel 6/222
crystallum
Kreu/24 6
carbo
Ker
5/228
clarus
Kel 3/221
ctunica
Kitu/238
carcro
Kar
1/212
classis
Kel 3/221
cubus
K.a' .b/201
carni-levare
claudere
Kleu 2/241
cumulus
Keu 2/232
Legwh/275
cliens
Klei/239
cuneus
Ku 2/254
carni-levare Sek/409
cITma
Klei/239
cupere
Kup 2/256
caro
Sek/409
cITmare
Klei/239
cuppa
Geu 1/147
carta
Cartes/74
cluere
Kleu 1/240
curvus
Sker 1/424
carus
Ka
1/201
Clunis Klou-ni/242
cutis
Skeu 2/425
casicare
Kad
2/202
co-apere
Ap 2/28
cymbalon
Geu 1/147
castellum
Kes
1/231
coemeterion
castrare
Kes
1/231
Kei 4/219
castrum
Kes
1/231
col-ere
Kwel/2 61
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Latin
D - F
Root/Page
D
dactylus Daqal/79
damnum Da 1/78
dare Do 2/109
de-cad-ere
Kad 2/202
decern Dekm/84
decere Dek/83
decimus Dekm/84
decus Dek/83
de-fendere
Gwhen 2/185
De-ITberare
Lithra/284
den Dekm/84
den-arius Dekm/84
dent Ed/ 117
deus Dei/81
dexter Dek/83
diadema De 1/80
diamas Dema/8 7
dTcere Deik/82
dies Dei/81
digitus Deik/82
dignus Dek/83
dingua Dinghw/107
dTrus Dwei/114
discere Dek/83
dis-goust Geus/148
dTvidere Weidh/505
docere Dek/83
domina Dem/86
dominus Dem/86
donum Do 2/109
dracu Derk/90
dracunem Derk/90
dragumanus
Ragamu/384
drappus Der 1/89
ducere Deuk/92
duco Deuk/92
duo Dwo/115
duo-decem Dekm/84
Dwo/115
durus Deru 1 /91
dys- Dus/113
E
ebeninus Hebni/190
eboreus Yb/533
ebur Yb/533
eclTpsis Leigh 2/277
ed-ere Ed/ 117
educare Deuk/92
ego Eg/1 1 8
elementum Yb/533
elepantum Yb/533
elephantus Yb/533
epi-demia Epi/125
epi-lepsia Epi/125
episcopus Epi/125
errare Eres 1/130
esse Es 2/131
et Eti/132
et-ce-ten Eti/132
I 2/194
Ki 2/237
eu-caliptus
Kel 2/220
europa Erebu/128
Eve H.y.y/193
ex-Tre Ei/118
ex-ul A 1 4/18
facere
Dhe
2/95
fades
Dhe
2/95
facilis
Dhe
2/95
: alco Pel 2/360
: allo-ere Ghuel/166
: alsus Ghuel/166
: amilia Dhe 2/95
: amul Dhe 2/95
: amulus Dhe 2/95
art Bha 2/50
: ascis Bhendh/5 7
: ebris Dhogh/104
: emina Dhe 1 /93
: endere Gwhen 2/185
erTre Bher 3/60
: er-mentum
Bher 5/61
■erre Bher 1/59
: ervere Bher 5/61
e-tus Dhe 1 /93
: eudum Pek/357
igura Dheigh/96
ilius Dhe 1 /93
Hum Gwhi/186
irmus Dher 1/98
lor Bhel/55
16s Bhel/55
luere Bhel/55
luere-escent Bhel/55
blium Bhel/55
bnt Dhen/97
brare Bher 3/60
bras Dhwer/106
br-ceps Gwher/186
Kap/210
brctus Bhergh/63
bris Dhwer/106
brmica Morwi/311
brnax Gwher/186
br-nus Gwher/186
ortis Bhergh/63
rater Bher 1/59
ricare Bher 3/60
Latin
F - L
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
fngere
Bher 2/59
gurges
Gwer 3/180
ndex
Deik/82
fugere
Bheug/65
gurgulio
Gwer 3/180
ndus
Sy and/ 463
fumus
Dheu 2/100
gurrio
Ger 4/145
ndustria
Ster 1/449
fundere
Gheu 1/162
gustus
Geus/148
nfestare
Dhars/93
fundus
Bhun/68
gypsum
Gassu/138
nf-imus
Emos/123
fungus
Spongo /441
n-fluentia
Bhel/55
fusus
Dhus/106
H
ngenium
Gene 1/141
futurus
Bheu 3/64
n-itium
Ei/118
Hadriaticus Ater/37
nsula canaria
G
hanser
Ghans/149
Kwon/2 68
Hebraeus
A* .b.r/4
nter
En/124
galea
Gaulos/138
hemi-crania
ntra
En/124
galeota
Gaulos/138
Ker 1/226
ntro
En/124
gangraena Gras/169
heres
Ghe 1/151
onius
H.n.n/191
gaza
Gzn/188
hibernus
Ghei 1/153
Ye
Ei/118
geminus
Y em/ 534
holocaustum
la-em
I 2/194
gener
Gene 1/141
Ku 1/253
genius
Gene 1/141
homo
Ghdhem/150
J
gent
Gene 1/141
horctus
Bhergh/63
germen
Gene 1/141
horrere
Ghers/1 60
ecur
Yekwer/533
gigeria
Yekwer/533
hortarT
Gher 4/159
ovis
Dei/81
gingiber
Ker 1/22 6
hortus
Gher 1/158
udex
Deik/82
gladius
Kel 6/222
humanus
Ghdhem/150
ugum
Yeu 1/535
globus
Gel/139
humere
Wegw/501
ulius
Dei/81
gluten
Gel/139
humus
Ghdhem/150
ungere
Yeu 1/535
gnatus
Gene 1/141
hyacinthus
us
Yeu 3/536
gnocere
Gno/168
Hyakinthos/193
uvenca
Yeu 2/535
gracilis
Kerk/230
hyaena
Su 2/457 j
uvencus
Yeu 2/535
gradi
Gredh/1 69
uvenis
Yeu 2/535
gradus
Gredh/1 69
I
granum
Ger 2/144
K
gratia
Gwer 2/179
iaspis
Yasfa/532
gratus
Gwer 2/179
Tdem
I 2/194
calendae
Kel 3/221
gravis
Gwer 1/178
iden
I 2/194
gregorious
T-gnorare
Gno/168
L
Ger 3/145
ille
Al 1/15
gressus
Gredh/1 69
-imus
Emos/123
acer
Lek/2 79
grus
Ger 4/145
in-
Ne 1/322
acertilia
Lek/2 78
gryphus
B.r.k/71
in-cad-ere
Kad 2/202
amenturr
1 La/2 70
gurdus
Gurdos/170
incidere
Kad 2/202
atus
Tel/ 4 69
)80
Latin
L - N
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
lazulum
La j in/271
margo
Merg/307
mordere
Mer 2/306
lepos
Lep/2 79
marmor
Mer 2/305
mors
Mer 2/306
levar
Legwh/275
mater
Ma/286
mor-tarium
levis
Legwh/275
materia
Ma/286
Mer 2/306
liber
Leudh/281
materies
Ma/286
movere
Mew/ 30 9
Libra
Lithra/284
matrix
Ma/286
mucro
Meuk/309
ITcium
Uroiks/491
mattus
M.v. t/315
mucus
Meug/308
limere
Lei/ 27 5
Mad/28 7
mulgere
Mel g/ 300
ITmus
Lei/ 27 5
max-imus
Emos/123
mumia
Mum/314
lingua
Dinghw/107
maximus
Meg/295
munTre
Mei 2/296
liquere
Leigh 2/277
medi-terraneous
mus
Mu/313
litera
Deph/88
Medhyo/295
muskus
Mu/313
locusta
Lek/2 78
Ters/476
mustus
Meu 1/308
longus
Del/86
medius
Medhyo/295
lotus
Ladunu/2 70
melancho
ia
N
lumen
Leuk/282
Ghel/156
luna
Leuk/282
melancholy
nanus
Nana/319
lustrare
Leuk/282
Mel 1/299
naphtha
Nabatu/317
lutum
Leu/280
me-mor
Mer 1/304
nardus
Nedo/324
lux
Leuk/282
mens
Men 1/302
nasus
Nas/320
ment
Men 1/302
natrium
Nitiru/337
M
merces
Merk/307
natus
Gene 1/141
Mercurius
Merk/307
navis
Na 1/316
macer
Mak/290
merx
Merk/307
naxae
Naks/318
macina
Maghl/288
micro-scopium
ne
Ne 1/321
magus
Maghl/288
Spek/436
nectere
Ned/ 32 4
mal-aria
Mel 2/299
migare
Mei 3/297
neg
Ne 1/321
We 1/496
milia pasu
um
negare
Ne 1/321
male
Mel 2/299
Gheslo/161
nek
Ne 1/321
malus
Mel 2/299
milie
Gheslo/161
nepos
Nepot/330
malus persica
mina
Mana/290
Neptunus
Nebh/323
Parsa/352
minere
Men 3/303
nervus
Sai 2/398
malva
M.l.h/310
min-imus
Emos/123
ne-ullus
I 2/195
mamma
Ma/286
miscere
Meig/298
Ne 1/321
manere
Men 2/303
mithere
Smeit/430
ni-scTre
Ne 1/321
manfur
Menth/304
mitis
Mei 1/296
ni-tere
Nei 1/325
manphur
Menth/304
modus
Me 2/294
nitrum
Nitiru/337
Mantellum
mollis
Mel 3/300
nobilis
Gno/168
Mantellum/291
mont
Men 3/303
nocere 1
Gno/168
Mantil
morbus
Mer 2/306
nocere 2
Nek 1/327
Mantellum/291
681
Latin
N - P
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
nocht
Noktis/339
oryza
Urigh/490
perna
Persna/369
noctua
Noktis/339
OS 1
Ost/346
pernula
Persna/369
nodus
Ned/ 32 4
6s 2
Ous 2/348
perperus
Per 1/364
nogae
Nog/338
oscillum
Ous 2/348
persis
Parsa/352
nomen
Nomn/34
ovum
Aw/43
per-suadere
nona
Newn/333
Swad/459
norma
Gno/168
P
pertica pellis
novem
Newn/333
A
Parth/352
novus
Newo/334
pacTcT
Pak/350
pertum
Per 4/368
nox
Noktis/339
pagus
Pak/350
petere
Pet 1/370
noxa
Nek 1/327
pallere
Pel 2/360
pileus
Pilo/373
nubes
Sneudh/432
pal-ma
Pele/361
pilus
Pilo/373
nudus
Nogw/339
palus
Pak/350
pingere
Peig/356
nugae
Nog/338
pandere
Pet 2/371
pinus
Pei/355
numerus
Nem 1/329
pangere
Pak/350
pistacia
Bistak/69
nuntium
Neu/333
parallelum
Al 1/15
pistacium
Bistak/69
para-meter
piter
Pet 1/370
o
Per 1/364
pla-no
Pel 1/359
pardus
Prs/377
pla-nus
Pele/361
ob
Epi/125
parrum-affi
nis
plattus
Pele/361
ob-cad-ere
Pdu/376
pl-us
Pel 1/359
Kad 2/202
pars
Per 4/368
pollen
Pel 3/360
obolus
Gwel 2/177
parsanga
polluere
Leu/280
ob-SCUrus Skeu 2/425
Fra
-sanga/134
pondo
Spen/437
occasio
Kad 2/202
particaminum
ponere
Apo/30
oceanus
Keanos/21 6
Parth/352
pont
Pent/ 3 62
Oku/343
pascere
Pa/350
porta
Per 2/365
octo
Okto/342
passus
Pet 2/371
portare
Per 2/365
off-endere
pater
Pa/350
portio
Per 4/368
Gwhen 2/185
pauo
Tokei/481
post
Apo/30
op-enre
Wer 3/516
pau-per
Pdu/376
post-omus
Emos/123
opi-facium Dhe 2/95
pavo
Tokei/481
potere
Pa/350
Op/ 34 4
pavonTs
Tokei/481
potis
Pa/350
optimus
Op/ 34 4
pectus
Peg/355
potus
Po 2/374
optTo
Op/ 34 4
ped
Ped/353
prae-gnas
opus
Op/ 34 4
ped-yos
Ped/353
Gene 1/141
or
Ous 2/348
pendere
Spen/437
precarT
Perk 1 /368
orchis
Orghi/345
per
Per 1/364
premere
Per 3/367
ordo
Ar/32
per-centurr
Dekm/85
pressuss
Per 3/367
oriri
Er 1/126
peri-scopium
prex
Perk 1 /368
Spek/436
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Latin
p - s
Root/Page
pnmo-capus
Per 1/364
pro Per 1/364
pro-bhwo Bheu 3/64
pro-pages Pak/350
pro-tahere Per 1/364
pu-llus Pou/376
pulvis Pel 3/360
pungere Peuk/372
purus Peu/371
pustula Pu 2/378
Q
qu- Kwo/2 67
quadraginta
Kwetwer/265
quadrus Kwetwer/265
qualis Kwo/2 67
quantis Kwo/2 67
que Kwe/258
queri Kwes/2 64
quies Kweye/266
R
rarus Ere 1/127
re-cens Ken/224
re-cor Kerd 1/229
red-undare Wed/ 4 98
regere Reg 1/387
regula Reg 1/387
repere Rep/ 391
reri Ar/32
res Rei 1/389
re-secare Sek/4 08
rete Ere 1/12 7
retis Ere 1/12 7
ret-undus Ret/392
rex Reg 1/387
rha Eres 1/130
rheu-barbarum
Baba/45
Eres 1/130
ricinus Erek/129
npa Rei 2/389
risecum Sek/4 08
rivus Er 1/12 6
robeus Reudh 1/394
rosa Wrdho/526
ros-maris Eres 1/130
rota Ret/ 3 92
rudis Reu 2/393
rugTre Reu 1/393
ru-mor Reu 1/393
rumpere Reu 2/393
rus Rewe/395
saccharon Korki/243
saeta Se 1/404
salamandra
Salamandra /399
salus Sol/434
salvus Sol/434
Samson s.m.s/431
sandraca Kand 1/209
sapo Seip/4 07
Saracenus Cirag/75
sarcasmos
Twerk/485
scaena Skai/421
scaevus Skaivos/421
scalae Skand/422
scamnum Skabh/420
scandere Skand/422
scarlatum Sekw/410
scire Sek/4 09
SCOrpius A.q.r/31
secare Sek/4 08
secondus Sekw/410
semi-sque Kwe/258
se-mitita Mei 3/297
senex Sen 1/413
senior Sen 1/413
septem Septm/414
sequi Sekw/410
serenus Ksero/250
serere Ser 3/416
serius Wer 6/51 7
serra Srisa/443
serum Ser 1/414
servare Ser 2/416
sex Sweks/4 60
siccus Seiku/407
sigillatus Sekw/410
signum Sekw/410
sincerus Sen 2/414
Sine Sen 2/414
Sipillus Ksip/251
Siripus S.r.b/442
situla Se 3/404
smaragdus B.r.q/71
smT-gzlT Gheslo/161
socius Sekw/410
soda S.d.aV403
sodanum S.d.aV403
sol Sawel/402
solidus Sol/434
Sonus Swen/4 61
sors Ser 3/416
specere Spek/436
spelta Sphel/439
spongia Spongo /441
squalus Skwalo/428
stabulum Sta/445
sterilis Ster 4/451
sterron Ster 2/450
stinguere steic
683
Latin
s - v
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
stomachus
terra
Ters/476
urgere
Wreg 1/527
Stomen/453
tesqua
Teus/478
urTna
Wed/ 4 98
strata
Ster 1/449
tes-tis
Trei/481
uterus
Udero/487
struere
Ster 1/449
testum
Tex/4 79
studere
Steu 2/452
tetrao
Teter/476
V
stupere
Steu 2/452
texere
Tex/4 79
stuppare
Stewe/452
titio
Titi/480
vacare
Eu 1/132
suadere
Swad/459
tolere
Tel/ 4 69
vagio
Wag 2/495
summus
Upo/490
tonare
Ten 2/472
vagTre
Wag 2/495
s-up
Upo/489
torpere
Ster 3/450
valles
Wei 3/511
super
Upo/490
toxicum
Teku 1/4 68
vanus
Eu 1/132
super-bhwo
trancus
Trenk/482
vapor
Kup 2/256
Bheu 3/64
trans
Ter 1/474
vastus
Eu 1/132
super-undere
trans_fre
Ei/118
vectus
Wegh/501
Wed/ 4 98
trans-latus Tel/ 4 69
vegere
Weg 2/500
s-upper-mo Upo/490
trans-quil
US
vehere
Wegh/501
surgere
Reg 1/387
Kweye/2 66
velle
Wei 1/509
sus
Su 2/457
trepidus
Trep 1/482
vellere
Wei 2/510
Syphilus
Su 2/457
tri
Trei/481
velox
Weg 2/500
tri-bhu
Bheu 3/64
velum
Weg 1/499
T
tribus
Trei/481
venarT
Wen/513
truncus
Ter 1/474
ven-dere
Wes 5/522
talea
Til/ 4 65
tuber
Teu 1/477
venenum
Wen/513
tardus
Tuardo/484
tulipa
Bhendh/5 7
vener
Wen/ 51 3
tartarum
tumere
Teu 1/477
venetT
Wen/513
Tartaros/466
tunica
Kitu/238
venTr
Gwa/1 73
tata
Atos/38
turcus
Tu-kue/484
ventus
We 1/496
taurus
Teu 1/477
turrere
Ters/476
venum
Wes 5/522
tegere
Steg/447
turtur
Teter/476
venus
Wen/513
tegula
Steg/447
turtura
Teter/476
vepres
Wep/513
tele-scop
um
vepsa
Webh/497
Spek/436
u
ver
Aus 2/41
temere
Tem/470
verbum
Wer 1/514
tendere
Ten 1/472
ulare
Al 4/18
vergere
Wer 2/515
tenere
Ten 1/472
ultra
Al 1/15
vermis
Wer 2/515
tepere
Tep/4 73
umbilicus
Nobh/337
verruka
Wer 6/517
terer
Tres/483
umbra
Andho/25
vespa
Webh/497
teri
Trei/481
unda
Wed/ 4 98
vestis
Wes 3/521
terminus
Ter 1/474
unus
I 2/195
vetere
Wer 2/515
terpsi-chore
upupa
Opop/345
veterinus
Wet/ 522
Terp/4 75
Latin
v - z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
vetus
Wet/ 52 2
z
vibrare
vicis
vicus
videre
vTgere
Weip/506
Weik 1/505
Weik 2/506
We id/504
Weg 2/500
zacharias z.k.r/541
zephyrum Keu 2/232
zingiber Ker 1/226
zinziber Ker 1/22 6
villa
Weik 2/506
villus
Wei 2/510
vinea
Woin/525
vinnus
Nogw/339
vTnum
Woin/525
vinum-acer Ak/12
vmum-acer
Woin/525
violere
Wei 2/503
vir
Wei 2/503
virus
Weis/507
viscum
Weis/507
visus
We id/504
vitulus
Wet/ 52 2
viva
Gwei/175
vivere
Gwei/175
voc
Wekw/508
vocare
Wekw/508
vol
Wei 1/509
volvere
Wei 3/511
vomere
Wem/512
vorare
Gwer 3/180
vormTca
Morwi/311
vovere
Wegwh/502
vox
Wekw/508
vulmus
Wei 2/510
Y
ya-mo
Ei/119
yugista
Yeu 1/535
Latin (Late)
A - T
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Latin (Late)
admiralis A' .m.r/23
amiralis A' .m.r/23
curcum Kurkanu/257
I
Isaacus z.h.k/54
J
Jacobus A* .q.b/30
N
nun
Nana/ 31 9
sausanna Sosen/435
Latin (Mid)
A
algorismus
Ghdhem/150
Su 1/455
B
borraco Ab 2/3
borrago A.r.q/34
camphora
Karpurah/213
cataya Khitan/236
E
emblica Amalaka/20
galinga Kulanja/255
litra Lithra/284
M
marchasita
Magsisa/289
safranum s.f.r/419
slavous Kleu 1/240
spinachia
Spinaki on/440
succarum Korka/243
sumach Summaq/458
talcum Talk/ 4 65
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Malasian
L - T
WORD Root/Page
Malasian
Limu Nimbu/336
N
NTmbu Nimbu/336
salang s.l.m/429
tambaga Tem/470
teh C'a/74
tekka Sakah/399
Medit
P - T
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Medit
pard
parnas
Prs/377
Prs/377
taturas Teter/476
tetatos Teter/476
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Mongolian
B - U
WORD Root/Page
Mongolian
B
bahadur Dher 1/98
K
Khan Khan/236
Khitan Khitan/236
u
Urdu Urmak/491
Urmak Urmak/491
Norse (Old)
A - R
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Norse
j (Old)
A
agi
Agh/7
ajjam
Aw/43
B
blom
Bhel/54
blomi
Bhel/54
bulki
Bhel/54
E
egg
Aw/43
G
gap
Ghei/152
gapa
Ghei/152
geispa
Ghei/152
H
hwosan
Kwes/2 64
M
mugi
Muk/314
o
oddi
Ozgho/348
R
rogg
Reu 2/393
ryja
Reu 2/393
)90
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Pahlavi
A - A
Root/Page
Pahlavi
abaxsay
abaxsayTd
abayist
abr
abr-amun
abzar
adenak
adhvenak
afdom
afsantan
afsartan
ag
agur
ahen
ahrav
ahru
ahug
ahuk 1
ahuk2
aj
-ak
ak
almas
aluh
a-lutan
amag
amah
Amon
anar
anargTI
Na
ang
angubin
Xsad/529
Xsad/529
Ei/118
Nebh/323
Amon/ 23
Nebh/323
Ghei 2/154
Dheye/102
Dheye/102
Apo/29
Fsan/135
Xsarta/529
Agh/7
Agurru/7
Aios/10
Ar/31
Ar/31
Oku/343
Oku/343
Ahu/8
Sekw/410
Akos/13
Agh/7
Dema/87
Akwa/14
Leu/280
Ne 2/322
Ne 2/322
Amon/ 23
Nor/ 34
anTtan
rikelah/320
Embhi/123
Embhi/123
Pel/355
Nel 2/326
anosak Ous 1/34 6
anosak-ruvan
Ous 1/346
Ab 1/1
ap
a-pac
apam
apar
aparon
apaxtar
apayistan
ape
ape
ap-rex
ap-tab
a-purn-ay
ars
arta-pan
arus
arzan
arzok
arzyz
as
a-san-ak Gwhen 1/182
Ab 1/2
Bhe/53
Ap 2/28
Upo/490
Apo/29
Ardha/33
Apank/28
Ei/118
Apo/29
Apo/29
Ab 1/1
Leigh 2/277
Ab 1/1
Ai w/1 1
Ne 1/321
Akru/14
Pa/349
El 2/122
Ger 2/144
Bhergh/62
Arg/34
Ak/12
as-ap
asbar
asem
asm
askumb
as-man
asnudan
asog
asp
aspast
aspasti
Ak/12
Ekwos/121
Ne 1/322
Sema/413
Aios/10
Reuto/395
Ak/12
Kleu 1/240
Ar/31
Ekwos/121
Ed/ 117
Ekwos/121
Ed/ 117
Aspiyan
assardan
astag
astak
astar
asto-ban
astoban
asto-bar
astr
astuxan
astvan
asup
asuptak
as-vahist
atur
atur-pat
ava
avam
ava-sam
avr
av-xur
awanos
awarzog
awdum
awr
awsartan
a-xram
axtar
aya
ayab
ayaf
ayao
ayat
azak
azer
azg
azTr
Atos/38
Xsarta/529
Ost/346
Ost/346
Ag/5
Stebh/446
Steu 1/451
Stebh/446
Ag/5
Ost/346
Steu 1/451
Kseubh/250
Kseubh/250
Ar/31
Ater/37
Ater/37
So/433
Ap 2/28
So/433
Nebh/323
Ab 1/1
Swel 1/4 61
Hebni/190
Bhergh/62
Apo/29
Nebh/323
Kel 1/220
Kr am/245
Apank/28
I 2/195
Ap 2/28
I 2/195
Ap 2/28
I 2/195
Y em/ 534
Aig-/9
En/124
Sekw/410
Ozgho/348
En/124
691
Pahlavi
B - E
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
B
balen
balTsn
balut
balx
bandak
bar 1
bar 2
barbut
barsum
barut
barzax
batak
bavarak
baxr
baxtan
baxtri
bazm
bazurk
benTk
bes 1
bes 2
besazak
bevar
bevar-asp
Bistak
bot
bot-katak
boxtan
bozisn
brahnak
brejan
bndan
bristag
bruk
buc
bum 1
bum 2
bumahan
Bhel/54
Bhel/54
Balut/46
Apank/28
Bhendh/57
Bher 1/58
Per 2/365
Baba/45
Bhel/54
Balut/46
An 1/24
Batiaxe/47
Bher 4/60
Apank/28
Weg 2/500
Apank/28
Bhag/52
Weg 2/500
Vaena 1/492
Dwei/114
Weis/507
Bha 2/50
Byurru/73
Byurru/73
Bistak/69
Pwt/379
Ket/232
Bheug/65
Bheug/65
Bunai/72
Nogw/339
Bher 2/59
Bher 3/60
Bher 2/59
Bhru 1/67
Bhugo/68
Beu 1/48
Bheu 3/64
Bheu 3/64
bun
bun-dat
burtan
buz
cacak
cah
cakat
cakoc
capuk
car
casisn
casTtan
catrang
celan
celankar
cer
cerTh
cigon
CTrag
Bhun/68
Bhun/68
Bher 1/58
Bhugo/68
Wet/ 52 2
Gwhen 1/183
Keku/219
Keku/219
Trep 1/482
Kwel/2 60
Kwek/2 60
Kwek/2 60
Ang/2 6
Kwetwer/265
Skhai/427
Skhai/427
Cirya/76
Cirya/76
Geu 1/14 6
Cirag/75
D
dadar
dah
dahisn
damat
dantan
dart
das
dasn
dasr
dastan
dast-war
datan
datastan
davTtan
Do 2/109
Dekm/84
Do 2/109
Geme/140
Der 1/89
Der 1/89
Da 1/78
Dek/83
Do 2/109
Dher 1/98
Dhe 2/94
Do 2/109
Dhe 2/94
Dheu 1/99
debag Dei/81
deh Dhls/103
deman Dheye/102
denar Dekm/84
depak Dei/81
Zay/539
dih Dhis/103
dTk Ghdies/151
dTI Kerd 1/229
dm Dheye/102
diram Drassoman/110
dTtan Dheye/102
doc Deuk/92
doxtan Deuk/92
Dheugh/101
drai-ap Glei/167
dram Drassoman/110
driyos Dregh/110
drag Dhreugh/105
druvand Dhreugh/105
dud Dheu 2/100
dusitan Dheugh/101
du-srav Kleu 1/240
dusxvar Eter/132
dutak-man Dem/86
Dheu 2/100
duxtan Dheugh/101
duzax An 1/24
Dus/113
E
en
evak
e-van
e-var
e-var
evar
I 2/195
I 2/195
En/124
En/124
En/124
Wei 1/509
Pahlavi
F - K
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
F
groh
Ger 1/143
hu-rust
Leudh/281
guftan
Ghu 1/165
Su 1/454
farsang
gumbat
Geu 1/146
hus
Aus 2/41
Fra-sanga/134
gunah
Nek 1/327
hu-sangh
farvahr
Wer 3/516
gung
Gang/ 137
Gwhen 1/182
farvartin
Wer 3/516
gurg
Wei 2/510
hu-srov
Kleu 1/240
farzanak
Gno/168
gursak
Vrsa/494
Per 1/364
gursakTh
Vrsa/494
I
framustan Mer 3/306
gursTtan
Vrsa/494
fra-pTh
Pel/355
gurt
Gurdos/170
im
I 2/195
fraron
Ardha/33
gurtak
Wer 2/514
fray
Pel 1/359
gushn
Eres 1/130
J
freh
Pel 1/359
gusn-asp
Eres 1/130
freh-est
Pel 1/359
gw'zn
Guysna/1 71
jagar
Yekwer/533
frot
Per 1/364
gyan
Dheye/102
jakar
jan
Yekwer/533
Dheye/102
G
H
jav
J6T
Ieuo/196
Yau/532
ganj
Gzn/188
hamahl
Sem 1/411
joysn
Yeu 3/536
gantum
Gantuma/137
hambag
Bhag/51
jujag
Ang/2 6
gar 1
Gwer 4/181
ham-ema
Sem 1/411
Dus/113
gar 2
Garenu/137
hamestagan
junbTtan
Gwa/1 73
gar-amTk
Gwer 2/179
Smeit/430
garuk
Gwer 3/180
hamestar
Smeit/430
K
gasta
Gwedh/1 74
hamogen
Geu 1/14 6
gatan
Gweie/176
ham-toxtan
kac
Kaz/216
gavazan
Guysna/1 71
Steu 2/452
kac
Kaz/216
gehan
Gwei/175
handacak
Teku 1/4 68
kaf
Kafa/202
gete
Gwei/175
handam
Dhe 2/94
Kafs
Kafs/203
getTk
Gwei/175
handes
Dheye/102
kagad
Kagas/204
gilak
Gal/ 13 6
han-dozh
Steu 2/452
kah
Kuatos/254
givak
Ei/118
han-vext-an
kah-rupati
givak-rop
Ei/118
Weik 1/505
Kuatos/254
Raup/385
hasar
Se 2/404
Leup/283
giyak
Ei/118
hasr
Se 2/404
kal-pad
Ku 1/253
gohar
Gotra/169
havan
Havana/189
Ped/354
gon
Geu 1/14 6
haxt
Skeng/423
kam
Ka 1/201
gorgan
Wei 2/510
hayTk
Aw/43
kanar
Sker 1/424
gort
Gurdos/170
hec
I 2/195
kanasya
Kel 3/221
gray
Gredh/1 69
hostubar
Stebh/446
kandak
Gwhen 1/183
693
Pahlavi
K - N
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
kanicak Ken/224
kanik Ken/224
kantan Gwhen 1/183
kapast Kapastay/210
kapTc Kap/210
kapik Kup 2/256
kapot Kavuta/215
kapotar Kavuta/215
kapul Kapul/211
kapur Karpurah/213
kar-cang Kar 1/212
karic Ker 4/228
karpu Kahrpu/204
karsift Oku/343
Pet 1/370
katak Ket/232
kay Keu 3/233
kayos Keu 3/233
ke So/433
kes Tkaesa/480
kilTsyTak Kel 3/221
kistan Kwel/2 60
kTsvar Karsvar/214
kof Geu 1/14 7
kor Kur/25 7
kost Kost/245
krpwk Kahrpu/204
kulaf Kel 2/220
kun Keu 2/232
kunduruk Kand 1/209
kurpak Kel 2/220
kvart Ksudros/252
lab
larz
Lab/2 74
Lrg/285
M
madhax Madhaxa/287
madiyanag Ma/286
magas Mako/290
magu Maghl/288
magu-pat Maghl/288
maig Madhaxa/287
makas Mako/290
man Dem/86
mand Menth/304
mansr Men 1/301
man-stan Men 2/303
masa Mer 2/305
mask Masakah/291
masyanag Mer 2/305
masyoi Mer 2/305
matak Ma/286
matar Ma/286"
matax Madhaxa/287
maxs Mako/290
mayag Ma/286
mayazd Mei 1/296
maz Mei 1/296
mazax Madhaxa/287
mazg Mozgo/312
meh Meg/ 295
memsm Men 1/301
merv Merega/306
mTg Meig/298
mor Morwi/311
morcag Morwi/311
moy Moudh/311
moyak Moudh/311
mozag Meuk/309
mucak Meuk/309
mudar Mura/314
mudrak Mura/314
muhr Mura/314
murdyanag
Mer 2/305
murg Merega/306
MurvarTt
Murvarlt/315
must Moudh/311
mutak Mew/309
mutrak Mura/314
N
na-ap Ab 1/1
nab Nepot/330
nacuk Nog/338
namac Wem 1/329
namac Wem 2/329
namat Nemata 2/329
namb Nebh/323
namr Namra/318
namrak Namra/318
nan Nagan/318
narkis Ner 2/332
narm Namra/318
narmak Namra/318
nasa Afeic 1/32 7
nasay Afeic 1/32 7
nask Ned/324
naum Newn/333
navasdah Dekm/84
nax Naks/318
naxun Nogh/338
nayrig Ner 1/331
naz Nog/338
nem Naema/31 7
nes Weics/32 7
nes-tar Der 1/89
Weics/32 7
nev Wei 1/325
nev-ak Wei 1/325
nezak Naeza/318
ni-as Oicw/343
nibeg Peig/356
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Pahlavi
N - S
Root/Page
nibistan
nigayisn
ni-gosag
nihuftan
ni-kun
nipek
nipistan
nis
nTtan
nTved
niyak
niyakan
niyaz
Peig/356
Gei/138
Ous 1/347
Gwou/187
Geu 1/14 6
Peig/356
Peig/356
Okw/343
Nei 2/326
Newo/334
Nyaka/341
Nyaka/341
Angh/2 7
o
oftatan Pet 1/370
omand Menth/304
omed Men 2/303
6-pat-an Ab 1/1
Pa/349
6-statan En/124
pa Per 3/366
Upo/489
pad Per 3/366
Upo/489
pa-dam Dhe 2/94
pad-en-dastan
Dher 1/98
padiraftan Per 3/367
pa-dTt Dheye/102
pahlug Perk 2 /369
pahrezisn
Leigh 2/277
paiti-dahisn Do 2/109
paitis Per 3/366
palutan Leu/280
pambak Pambak/351
panbak Pambak/351
panum Dhe 2/94
pap Pa/350
Papak Pa/350
parak Per 4/368
pardag Pele/361
parer Ayer/44
par-hextan
Leigh 2/277
parTk Parika/351
pari-sp Kwei 2/259
parmutan Mew/309
pasban Spek/436
pasnak Persna/369
passaxv Kas 2/214
pasux Kas 2/214
pat Per 3/366
Upo/489
patT-fras Perk 1 /368
patirak Per 3/367
patkar Per 3/367
pat-lutan Leu/280
patyarak Per 3/367
paver Wei 1/509
payos Bheudh/65
paz Pekw/358
pes Per 3/366
pexak Piko/372
pTh Pei/355
porsitan Perk 1 /368
Pos Pos/375
post Wes 3/521
poy Peud/371
pudag Pu 4/378
puhl Per 2/365
purs Perk 1 /368
pusag Puk/378
pusTtan Pu 4/378
putak PU 4/378
puxtag Pekw/358
R
raba R.b.b/385
rad Ar/32
rag Eres 1/130
rahg Eres 1/130
rang Reg 3/388
ranj Lang/272
ranz Lang/272
ras Ret/392
rasan Rek/390
reg Raika/385
reman Er 1/12 6
res Uroiks/491
resak Uroiks/491
rextan Leigh 2/277
rist Leith/2 78
rist-axez Leith/278
Suig/457
rTtan Er 1/12 6
rodTk Reudh 1/394
rogn Reughmen/394
rop 1 Le up/2 8 3
rop 2 iRaup/385
ropet Raup/385
rostak Leudh/281
rot 1 iReuto/395
rot 2 Ser 2/425
rovn Reughmen/394
roy Reudh 1/394
rrz Lrg/285
ruvan Urvan/491
sagal
sah
sak
Srgala/443
Ksei 1/248
Kwon/2 68
Pahlavi
s - v
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
sal
Kel 1/220
singiber
Ker 1/22 6
Taxi
Taxi/ 4 67
salak
Kel 1/220
sTp
Ksip/251
Taxlik
Taxi/ 4 67
saman
Klem/239
skeb
Skaif/421
tihTk
Teus/478
Samser
Sfsyr/419
sok
Teub/478
tirft
Terp/4 75
san
Gwhen 1/182
soxvan
Kas 2/214
tisn
Ters/476
sanak
Kes 2/231
sparm
Spereg/438
tisnak
Ters/476
sancdah
Dekm/84
spas
Spek/436
titar
Teter/476
sang
Ak/12
speg
Spereg/438
toxtan
Kwei 2/259
sanga-vTr
Ker 1/22 6
spihr
Kuei/254
tuhTk
Teus/478
sang-gil
Ak/12
Spher/44
turus
Ster 3/450
sapuk
Trep 1/482
spis
Spis/ 441
sar
Sper/437
spoxtan
Peuk/372
u
sarb
Surmenu/458
spoz
Peuk/372
sarmak
Kel 1/220
spozed
Peuk/372
ud
I 2/195
sart
Kel 1/220
spynj
Spongo /441
uparo-kusta-pam
sartak
Kerd 2/229
sresk
Sresk/442
Kost/245
saruk
Klou-ni/242
sris
Klis/241
upayat
Ei/118
sarv
Surmenu/458
srosh
Kleu 1/240
urt-vahist
Ar/31
sastar
Kas 2/214
srpTn
Sru 3/443
urvar
Bheu 3/64
sastareh
Kas 2/214
sruben
Sru 3/443
uskar
Sek/409
satr
Ksei 1/248
stapr
Stebh/446
uskard
Sek/409
satri-var
Wei 1/509
stawr
Stebh/446
uzvan
Dinghw/107
sawsan
Sosen/435
stayTtan
Steu 1/451
saxt
Ak/12
suk
Teub/478
V
Kak 1/204
sukur
Sukurna/458
sayfur
Sypwr/4 63
sulak
Keu 2/232
va-car
Aba/4
sayTtan
Ksei 1/248
sumb 1
Kapho/211
Kwel/2 60
seb
Ksip/251
sumb 2
Keu 2/232
vafr
Wep/513
sej
Tiegu/479
sur
Keu 4/234
vah-ak
Wes 5/522
sen-murv
Merega/306
surak
Keu 2/232
vahanak
Wes 3/521
sepak
Swei/459
sus
Kwes/2 64
vahar
Aus 2/41
ser
Srira/443
susan
Sosen/435
vajarg
Weg 2/500
ser
Ksei 1/248
sut
Sav 1/401
valg Varekahe/492
sevan
Xsi 1/529
sutan
Kei 2/218
vamTtan
Wem/512
Sfsyr
Sfsyr/419
Sypsyr
Sfsyr/419
van
Wen/512
sTb
Ksip/251
vana-vasak Aueg/4
sTkdah
Dekm/84
T
Wen/512
sTm
Ne 1/322
vang
Wekw/508
Sema/413
Taburak
Taburak/ 4 64
vanTtan
Wen/512
sTmen
Sema/413
tanur
Tanur/ 466
varag
Weren/518
Pahlavi
v - z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Roo
t/Page
WORD
Root/Page
vara-gna
Weren/518
vTgras
Ger
3/145
xist
Aidh/9
varan
Wed/ 4 97
vTmar
Me
2/294
xombak
Geu 1/147
varavistan
Wei 1/509
vinah
Nek
1/327
xrafstar
Kwer/2 63
varaz
Varaza/492
vinas
Nek
1/327
xrat
Kar 1/212
vard
Wrdho/52 6
vTr
Wei
2/503
xros
Ker 3/22 7
varda
Wrdho/52 6
vTsag
Wei
1/502
xrusTten
Ker 3/22 7
vare-gna
Weren/518
vTsak
Wei
1/502
xuft
Swep/4 62
varen-zar
Weren/518
visatan
Se
1/404
xvan
Xvaini/530
varg Varekahe/492
vi-starak
Ster
1/449
xvantan
Swen/4 61
varhram
Wer 3/516
vi-startan
Ster
1/449
xvaris
Swel 1/4 61
varisn
Wei 3/511
voi
Aw/43
xvartan
Swel 1/4 61
vantan
Wed/ 4 97
v-rextan
xvastan
Swad/459
varm 1
Var/492
Leigh
2/2 77
xvastan
Xad/528
varm 2
Wei 2/503
vusn
Eres
1/130
xvat
Seu 1/417
varm kartan
xvatay
Ai w/1 1
Wei 2/503
w
Ghu 1/165
varrak
Weren/518
Xvatay
Seu 1/417
vars
Wei 2/510
wigrad
Ger
3/145
xves
Seu 1/417
vart
Wrdho/52 6
wTzardan
Kwel/2 60
xwab
Swep/4 62
vartak 1
Vareta/493
wi-zarisn
Wi/523
vartak 2
Wed/ 4 97
Y
vas
Wek/507
X
vassz
Webh/497
yacdah
Dekm/84
vastr
Wes 4/521
Xak
Xak/528
I 2/195
vastrius
Wes 4/521
xak-astar
Ster
1/449
yairka
Ei/119
vas-yar
Wek/507
xandan
Gwhen
1/183
yak
1 2/195
vat
Bata/46
xanTg
Gwhen
1/183
yakand
vatak
Wem/512
xar
Et
er/132
Hyakinthos/193
vat-as
Ak/12
Kar
1/212
yam
Y em/ 534
vaxs-war
Wekw/508
xar
Kar
1/212
yamak
Yds/538
vay
Aw/43
xar-bara
Kar
1/212
yam-sTt
Y em/ 534
vayandak
Aw/43
xar-buz
Kar
1/212
yasak
Ya/531
vazTtan
Weg 2/500
xastak
Xad/528
yat
Y em/ 534
vazr
Weg 2/500
xastan
Suig/457
yave-tan
Ai w/1 1
ven-ag
Dheye/102
xayak
Aw/43
yoT
Yau/532
ven-ak
Dheye/102
xayak-bar
Aw/43
venTk i
Jaena 1/492
xayak-bar
Aw/43
z
vet
Wei 1/502
Bher 1/58
vhat-cak
Wet/ 522
xezistan
Suig/457
za-ap
Ab 1/1
vicir
Wi/523
xTm
Ha
em/189
zafr
Gwebh 1/174
Pahlavi
z - Z
WORD
Root/Page
zatuk
Ya/531
zivandak
Gwei/175
zivastan
Gwei/175
zot
Gheu 1/162
zre
Glei/167
zrih
Ghlad/163
zur
Ghuel/166
zuzag
Ang/2 6
Dus/113
zuzag
Ang/2 6
Dus/113
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Pali
s - s
Root/Page
Pali
sakkara Korki/243
singivera Ker 1/22 6
Parthian
G - T
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Parthian
Gzn Gzn/188
tndwr Ten 2/472
700
Persian
A - A
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Persian
AdrTatTk
afandT
Ater/37
Autos/42
agol
agur
Gheugh/1 63
Agurru/7
A
afandan
Prl/377
Ahan
Aios/10
afann
Apo/29
ahang
Ten 1/471
-a-
Apo/29
Prl/377
ahTxtan
Ten 1/471
a-
Apo/29
afdom
Apo/29
ahnman
Ens/125
a-
Apo/29
afkandan
Ambhi/21
Men 1/301
Aaras
Leuk/282
Gwhen 1/184
ahsan
H.s.n/192
ab
Ab 1/1
afrastan
Ambhi/21
ahu 1
Oku/343
Ab 1/2
Reg 1/387
ahu2
Ahu/8
Abadan
Pa/349
afruxtan
Ambhi/21
Ahuramazda An 1/24
abar
Upo/490
Leuk/282
Dhe 2/94
aberu
Ab 1/2
afsandan
Ambhi/21
Ahuramazda
abestan
Pou/376
Fsan/135
Men 1/302
Ten 1/472
afsaneh
Kens/225
am
Dheye/102
abnTk
Ab 1/1
afsantm
Kwen 1/2 61
ajor
Agurru/7
Nei 1/325
afsar
Ambhi/21
ajr
Agaru/6
abnus
Hebni/190
afsar
Ambhi/21
-ak
Akos/13
abr
Nebh/323
afsardan
Xsarta/529
Kak 3/205
abr-amun
Amon/23
afshan
Fsan/135
ak
Agh/7
abramun
Nebh/323
afsTn
Ksei 1/248
ak
Agh/7
abnsam
Rei 2/389
afsordan
Kel 1/220
akandan
Gwhen 1/184
abrTz
Ab 1/1
afsoreh
Xsarta/529
aknun
Newo/334
abru
Bhru 1/67
afsun
Ambhi/21
akordTon
Kerd 1/229
absal
Kel 1/220
Fsan/135
akrobat
Ak/12
AbtTn
Atos/38
afsus
Ambhi/21
akustTk
Keu 3/233
abu
Ab 2/3
Keuk 1/235
akvab
Geu 1/147
abzar
Geu 2/147
aftab
Ab 1/2
akvanum
Akwa/14
Ghei 2/154
Tep/4 73
al
El 2/122
ab-zTn
Ghei 2/154
afzar
Geu 2/147
alaleh
Lai/ 2 72
acar
Ak/12
Ghei 2/154
aleh
Akwa/14
adab
Dub/ 111
afzudan
Ambhi/21
Alexandr
Alek/19
adabiyyat
Dub/ 111
Geu 2/147
alfalfa
Al 3/17
Adam
Adhamah/5
agah
Kwek/2 60
algoritm
Al 3/17
adams
Adhamah/5
agar
Sek/408
Ghdhem/150
admen
Dheye/102
Sem 1/411
Su 1/455
admTral
A' .m.r/23
agar
Gherto/160
alguneh
El 2/122
admiral
Al 3/17
agar
Gherto/160
alTz
Leig/2 76
ad res
Reg 1/387
agandan
Gherto/160
alTzTdan
Leig/2 76
Ad nan
Ater/37
agestan
Gherto/160
alkalT
Al 3/17
701
Persian
A - A
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
alkol Al 3/17
K.h. 1/236
Allah Layh/274
almas Dema/8 7
aludan Leu/280
alummiyom Alu/20
Alvand Er 1/12 6
-am Es 2/131
am A* .m.m/22
amadan Gwa/l 72
amanat A.m.n/22
Amanoel A\m. m/22
amar Mer 1/304
amazon Magh 2/289
Magh 2/289
ambor Bher 1/59
amen A.m.n/22
amTxtan Meig/298
ammareh A' .m.r/23
amn A.m.n/22
amoleh Amalaka/20
amordad Mer 2/305
amorzTdan Mel g/ 300
amr A', m.r/23
amu A* .m.m/22
amudan Amon/23
amuxtan Meug/308
amuzandan Meug/308
an An 2/24
AnahTta Ahu/8
anahTta Ne 1/321
analm Nei 1/326
anar Naranga/319
Nor/ 34
anbag Bhag/51
Sem 1/411
anbar A.n.b/25
anbar Pel 1/359
anbast Bhendh/57
anbastan Sem 1/411
anbaz Bhag/51
Sem 1/411
anbTq Ab 1/1
Nei 1/325
anbor Ambhi/21
anbub N.b.b/320
andam Dhe 2/94
Sem 1/411
andar An 2/24
En/124
Ter 1/474
andarva We 1/496
andarz Dher 1/98
Sem 1/412
andaxtan Sem 1/411
Teku 1/4 68
andazeh Teku 1/4 68
andTsTdan Dheye/102
andudan Dheu 3 /101
Sem 1/412
anduh Dheu 2/100
Sem 1/412
anduhgm Dheu 2/100
anduxtan steu 2/452
anfast Bhendh/57
anfluanza Bhel/55
ang Embhi/123
angabTn Pel/355
Angelyun Agaru/6
Su 1/456
angTxtan Sem 1/412
Weik 1/505
angost Ang/ 26
angzeh Gwhen 2/185
anjam Gwa/l 72
Sem 1/412
anjTdan Kwei 2/259
anjoman Gwa/l 72
Sem 1/412
anod Sed/4 05
AnosTravan
Ous 1/346
anten Ten 1/472
antTmoan Al 3/17
anuseh Ne 1/321
anuseh Ous 1/346
anzTm Yeu 3/536
a'ort Wer 6/517
apadana Apo/29
Dhe 2/94
apsan Ghei 2/154
apyun Swekwo/460
aqab A* .q.b/30
aqrab A.q.r/31
ar 1 As/35
ar2 *Awar/43
Arab A\b.r/4
araek Kei 4/219
Arak Al 1/15
aram Rem/390
Aran Al 1/15
Araq Al 1/15
araq A.r.q/34
arask Eres 1/130
arastan Ar/31
ard Al 2/16
ard Ar/31
Ar/31
Ardalan Al 1/15
Ar/31
Ardavan Ar/31
Pa/349
ArdesTr Ar/31
ardesTr Ksei 1/248
arenj El 3 /122
arezu Bhergh/62
argandeh Er 1/127
arghanun
Werg 1/519
art En/124
702
Persian
A - B
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Wei 1/509
asTr
Aidh/9
Per 3/366
ang
Er 1/126
AsTya
Asu /36
avareh
Al 4/18
ankeh
Kei 4/219
asiyab
Ak/12
Avesta
We id/504
ArTya
Al 1/15
asTyaneh
Kweye/2 66
avTxtan
Weik 1/505
arj
Algwh/20
ask
Akru/14
ax
Agh/7
Arjasp
Algwh/20
askar
Ous 1/346
ax
Agh/7
Ekwos/121
asm
An 1/24
axor
Swel 1/4 61
arog
Reug/394
asman
Ak/12
axtar
Apank/28
arrabeh
Ar/32
Men 1/301
axund
Swen/4 61
arradeh
Ret/392
asoftan
Kseubh/250
az
Sekw/410
arreh
Srisa/443
aspast
Ed/ 117
azad
Gene 1/141
ars
Akru/14
Ekwos/121
azan
Ag/5
Arsam
Ome/344
ast 1
Es 2/131
azans
Ag/5
Rk-tho/396
ast2
Ost/346
azar
Ater/37
Arsan
Eres 1/130
astam
Stomen/453
azar
Gher 1/158
Arsasp
Ekwos/121
astan
Es 2/131
Azarbayejan Ater/37
Eres 1/130
astan
Sta/444
Azarbayjan Pa/349
arsenTk
Al 3/17
astar
Ekwos/121
AzarmTdoxt
Ghel/155
astar
Ag/5
Dheugh/101
arsTtekt
Arxein/35
astT
Sta/444
Ger 2/144
Tex/4 79
astTgmat
Steig/448
azarmTdoxt Ne 1/321
arsTv
Arxein/35
astTn
Ambhi/21
azdan
Gwhen 2/185
artestar
Ret/392
Ghesto/161
azdar
Angwhi/2 7
Sti/444
asu
Ar/31
azg
Aig-/9
artTst
Ar/32
asub
Kseubh/250
azg
Ozgho/348
artotoz
Ar/32
atabak
Bhag/51
azTn
Dheye/102
Arvand
Er 1/126
atas
Ater/37
azTr
Gwei/175
arysnug
El 3 /122
AtlantTk
Tel/ 4 69
azm
Ozgho/348
arzan
Ger 2/144
atlas
T.L.S/480
azmaneh
Gwa/1 72
arzTz
Arg/34
Tel/ 4 69
azmudan
Me 2/293
as
Ak/12
Tel/ 4 69
azordan
Gher 1/158
as
Ed/ 117
Tel/ 4 69
asansor
Skand/422
atmosfer
Spher/44
B
asatTr
We id/504
We 1/496
asb
Ekwos/121
atom
Ne 1/322
ba
Pekw/358
aseton
Ak/12
ava
Wekw/508
babl
Pa/350
asfalt Sphallein/439
avam
Ap 2/28
bab2
N.b.b/320
asfalt
Ne 1/322
avang
Weik 1/505
bab3
Baba/45
asTd
Ak/12
avar
' Awar/43
babar
Bher 4/60
asTdan
Neku/328
avard
Apo/29
Babel
N.b.b/320
703
Persian
B - B
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
baceh
Wet/ 52 2
baleh
Bhe/53
barazandeh
bad
We 1/496
bales
Bhel/54
Bhereg/61
bad 1
Bata/46
balet
Gwel 1/176
barazTdan
Bhereg/61
bad 2
Per 3/366
balT
Bhe/53
barbat
Baba/45
badas
Ak/12
balTdan
Ered/128
bardeh
Vareta/493
We 1/496
balkon
Bhergh/62
Bardiyeh
Bhergh/62
badeh
Batiaxe/47
Gwhen 1/183
bareh
Bher 1/58
badengan
balon
Bhel/54
barekat
B.r.k/71
Vat in
-ganah/493
Bhel/54
barf
Wep/513
badenjan
balsam
Busma/72
barg Varekahe/492
Vat in
-ganah/493
balu
Wer 6/517
bargTn
Wed/ 4 97
badTyeh
Batiaxe/47
balut
Balut/46
bargostovan
bad-nohur
Sawel/402
balva
Bher 5/61
Kost/245
baftan
Webh/497
balx
Apank/28
band
Bher 1/58
bag
Bhag/51
bam
Bamb/4 6
barm
Var/492
bag
Bhag/52
bam 1
Bha 1/49
Wei 3/511
Bagdad
Bhag/51
bam 2
Wes 3/521
barmanes
Bhergh/62
Do 2/109
bamdad
Bha 1/49
barq
B.r.q/71
bag-stan
Bhag/51
ban
Pa/349
barreh
Weren/518
bagstan
Sta/444
ban
Wen/512
barsam
Bhel/54
bah
Wes 1/520
banafs
Aueg/4
baru
Wer 3/516
baha
Wes 5/522
banafseh
Aueg/4
barut
Pel 3/360
bahador
Bhag/52
Wen/512
barx
Bhag/51
Dher 1/98
banafsh
Wen/ 512
barz
Werg 1/519
baha-gTr
Wes 5/522
band
Bhendh/57
barzan
Wer 3/516
bahaneh
Wes 3/521
bandar
Bhendh/57
barzax
An 1/24
bahar
Aus 2/41
Dhwer/106
Bhergh/62
Bahman
Men 1/301
bandeh
Bhendh/57
barz-gar
Werg 1/519
Su 1/456
bang
Wekw/508
barzoy
Bhergh/62
bahr
Bhag/51
bant
B.n.v/70
bas
Wek/507
Bahrain Gwhen 2/185
banu
Wes 3/521
basam
Busma/72
bahram
Wer 3/516
bar 1
Bher 1/58
basan
Gwa/1 73
baj
Bhag/51
bar 1
Wei 2/503
basand
Wek/507
bak
Bhag/51
bar 2
Bhergh/62
basTdan
Bheu 3/64
bak
Bhoi/67
Upo/490
bastan
Bhendh/57
bala
Bhergh/62
bar 2
Wei 3/511
bastar
Ster 1/449
balalayka
Baba/45
bar 3
Per 2/365
batzeh
B.y.z/73
bala-xaneh Bhergh/62
baradar
Bher 1/59
bavar
Upo/489
balaxaneh
Ter 3/475
Wei 1/509
Gwhen 1/183
baran
Wed/ 4 97
Wer 1/514
704
Persian
B - B
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
baxs
Bhag/51
benzTn
L.b.n/2 74
bod
Per 3/366
baxsTdan
Bhag/51
berehneh
Bunai/72
boland
Bhergh/62
Xsad/529
Nogw/339
bolur
Velur/494
baxt
Bhag/51
berelyan
Velur/494
bolvar
Werg 1/519
baxtan
Weg 2/500
berenj 1
Berenza/4 7
bomb
Bamb/4 6
baxtar
Apank/28
berenj 2
Urigh/490
bon 1
Bhun/68
bayad
Ei/118
beresteh
Bher 2/59
bon2
Wen/512
baygom
Bhag/51
berijab
Bher 2/59
boneh
Bhun/68
Umm/488
beryan
Bher 2/59
bonyad
Bhun/68
bayt
B.y. t/73
besyar
Wek/507
boqceh
Boqca/70
bayug
Wedh 1/498
bT
Apo/29
bor
Bher 3/60
bayuganT
Wedh 1/498
bT-
Bhe/53
bordan
Bher 1/58
bayyaz
B.y.z/73
bTdar
Ger 3/145
bondan
Bher 3/60
bayza
B.y.z/73
bT-das-tar
Da 1/78
borna
Ai w/1 1
bayzT
B.y.z/73
bT-dastar
Apo/29
Ne 1/321
baz
Bhe/53
BTdoxt
Bhag/51
Pel 1/359
Bhengh/58
Dheugh/101
boru
Bhru 1/67
Wegh/501
bTI
Bher 3/60
borz
Bhergh/62
bazar
Aba/4
bTm
Bhoi/67
bot
Bheu 3/64
Kwel/2 60
bTmar
Wi/523
Pwt/379
bazargan
Aba/4
bTmar
Me 2/294
bot-kadeh
Pwt/379
bazTdan
Weg 2/500
bTmeh
Bhoi/67
bovesh
Bheu 3/64
bazleh
Bhag/52
bTna
Dheye/102
boxt
Bheug/65
bazm
Bhag/52
bTnT
Vaena 1/492
boz
Bhugo/68
bazu
Bhaghu /52
bTs 1
Dwo/115
bozorg
Weg 2/500
be-
Bhe/53
bT§2
Dwei/114
brahman
Bhergh/63
bed
Wei 1/502
Weis/507
bravo
Baba/45
bedrud
Deru 1 /91
bTseh
Wei 1/502
bronsTt
Gwer 3/180
Upo/489
bTskuTt
Pekw/358
bronz
Berenza/4 7
beh
Su 1/456
bTst
Wi/523
buda
Bheudh/65
Upo/489
bTstun
Bhag/51
budan
Bheu 3/64
be[h]
Per 3/366
bTvar
Byurru/73
budjeh
Bhel/54
behest
Isto/197
BTvarasp
Byurru/73
bulvar
Bhel/54
Su 1/456
Ekwos/121
bum 1
Beu 1/48
bejoz
Bhe/53
bTveh
Weidh/505
bum 2
Bheu 3/64
bekr
B.k.r/69
bTxtan
Weik 1/505
bummahan
BelqTs
Parika/351
bTyusandeh
Bheu 3/64
bent
B.n.v/70
Bheudh/65
buq
Beu 2/48
BenyamTn
B.n.v/70
bTyusTdan
Bheudh/65
bur
Bher 4/60
Y.m.n/537
blunt
Kund/255
bureh
Bher 4/60
705
Persian
B - D
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
burzua
Bhergh/63
carm
Sek/408
dah
Dekm/84
bus
Bu/72
carmen
Kel 4/222
dahan
Geph/142
bu-stan
Bheudh/65
carx
Kwel/2 60
dahr
D.v.r/114
butTk
Dhe 2/95
casbTdan
Kap/210
dahreh
Da 1/78
bu-tTmar
Beu 1/48
casTdan
Kwek/2 60
DalTleh
D. 1.1/108
buy
Bheudh/65
casm
Kwek/2 60
dam
De 1/80
buyeh
Bhou/67
cast
Kwek/2 60
Dema/87
buy-yTdan
Bheudh/65
catr
Sked 2/422
dam
Dhem/97
buzTneh
Ab 2/3
cay
C'a/74
dama
Dhem/97
Z.n.y/541
ceh
Kwo/2 67
damad
Geme/140
cehreh
Skai/421
Ter 3/475
c
cera
Ar/32
Damavanc
Dhem/97
cerag
Cirag/75
Dumb/ 112
cabok
Trep 1/482
cTdan
Kwei 2/259
damTdan
Dhem/97
cador
Sked 2/422
cTlan
Skhai/427
dan
Dhe 2/94
cafteh
Kam 2/207
cTlangar
Skhai/427
dan
Dhen/97
cah
Gwhen 1/183
cTr
Cirya/76
dan
Gno/168
cak
Ksei 1/248
cTz
Kwo/2 67
danan
Dhen/97
cakad
Keku/219
copoq
Cop/ 7 7
dandan
Denk/8 7
cakkos
Keku/219
cost
Skeud 1/426
dandeh
Denk/8 7
calak
Kwel/2 60
cowgan
Cop/ 7 7
daneh
Dhe 1 /93
cales
Kwel/2 60
cub
Cop/ 7 7
danestan
Gno/168
calTdan
Kwel/2 60
cud
Gwou/187
dang
Dhe 1 /93
calTpa
Saliba/400
cun
Kwo/267
damdan
Dhen/97
camedan
Yds/538
cupan
Pek/357
Danub
Da 2/79
camTdan 1 Kam 2/207
Danyal
Layh/2 73
camTdan 2
D
daqal
Daqal/79
Kwen 2/2 62
dar
Dhwer/106
cand
Kwo/2 67
dabestan
Dub/ 111
dar 1
D.v.r/114
caneh
Genu 2/142
dabTr
Dub/ 111
dar 2
Deru 1 /91
cang
Keg/ 21 7
dad
Denk/8 7
-dar 3
Dher 1/98
cans
Kad 2/202
dad
Dhe 2/94
darabgard
Dher 1/98
cap
Kam 2/207
dadan
Do 2/109
darabzm
capan
Kam 2/207
dadar
Do 2/109
Kwetwer/265
capeh
Kam 2/207
dadeh
Atos/38
Ped/354
caqu
Keku/219
Dhedh 2/95
darb
Dhwer/106
cardeh
Ker 4/228
daf
Deru 1 /91
darband
Bhendh/57
careh
Kwer/2 63
Dub/ 111
Dhwer/106
candan
Kwel/2 60
daftar
Deph/88
darbar
Wei 3/511
carlatan
Car/74
dag
Dhogh/104
dard
Der 1/89
706
Persian
D - D
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
daridan
Der 1/89
degar
Dwo/115
dTs
Deik/82
Darius
Dher 1/98
deh2
Dhis/103
dTv
Dei/81
Su 1/456
deh3
Do 2/109
dTvan
Dub/ 111
dariyeh
Deru 1 /91
dehat
Dhis/103
dTvaneh
Dei/81
darkub
Deru 1 /91
dehgan
Dhis/103
dTvar
Dheigh/96
darman
Dher 1/98
dehxoda
Dhis/103
Wer 3/516
darreh
Der 1/89
Dejleh
Steig/448
dTyabet
Dwo/115
daru
Deru 1 /91
deka-
Dekm/84
dTyafragm
Dwo/115
Dher 1/98
dekor
Dek/83
DTyaleh
Steig/448
darun
Der 2 /90
del
Kerd 1/229
dTyalTz
Dwo/115
daruneh
Deru 1 /91
demokras
"
dTyalTz
Leu/280
darvTs
Dregh/110
Kar 1/212
dTz
Deik/82
darya
Glei/167
derafs
Der 1/89
do
Dwo/115
darz
Dher 1/98
deram
dojTn
Dekm/84
darzan
Dher 1/98
Dr as soman/ 1 1
doktor
Dek/83
darzT
Dher 1/98
derang
Del/86
dolfTn
Gwelbh/177
darzman
Dher 1/98
deraxt
Deru 1 /91
dolmeh
Dolmak/109
Men 1/301
deraz
Del/86
dom
Dumb/ 112
das
Da 1/78
dero
Der 1/89
domal
Dumb/ 112
dasan
Do 2/109
desT-
Dekm/84
donb
Dumb/ 112
dasn
Dek/83
devTst
Dekm/85
donbak
Dumb/ 112
dast
Ghesto/161
Dwo/115
donbal
Dumb/ 112
dast
Dek/83
dez
Dheigh/96
donbalan
Dumb/ 112
dastan
Dhe 2/94
dez-pol
Dheigh/96
donbeh
Dumb/ 112
dastan
Dher 1/98
dT
Ghdies/151
dord Tartaros/466
dastur
Dhe 2/94
dTba
Dei/81
dorga
Deru 1 /91
dav
Da 1/78
Zay/539
doroskeh
davar
Dhe 2/94
dTbaceh
Dub/ 111
Dhragh 1/105
davTdan
Dheu 1/99
dTdan
Dheye/102
dorost
Deru 1 /91
dav-talab
Da 1/78
dTfterT
Deph/88
dorost
Dhars/93
daxmeh
Dhogh/104
dTg
Dheigh/96
dorud 1
Deru 1 /91
daxs 1
Dek/83
dTgar
Dwo/115
dorud 2
Deru 1 /91
daxs 2
Dhogh/104
dTktator
Deik/82
dorudan
Der 1/89
day
Do 2/109
dTkteh
Deik/82
dorudgar
Deru 1 /91
Ghei 1/153
dTm
Dheye/102
dorug
Dhreugh/1 05
daye
Dhe 1 /93
dTmeh
Dheye/102
dorvand
Dhreugh/1 05
dayeh
Dhe 1 /93
dm 1
Dheye/102
dosman
Dus/113
day htm
De 1/80
dm 2
Dinu/108
Men 1/301
Dwo/115
dmar
Dekm/84
dosnam
Dus/113
dayn
Dinu/108
dTr
Del/86
Nomn/34
707
Persian
D - F
WORD
Root/Page
dospTh
Pel/355
dosvar
Dus/ 113
Eter/132
dosxar
Dus/ 113
dosyad
Dus/ 113
Yem/534
dowr
D.v.r/114
doxtar
Dheugh/101
Ter 3/475
dozd
Dus/ 113
dozpTh
Dus/ 113
dozxTm
Dus/ 113
Haem/189
drafsTdan
Ksei 2/249
draxsTdan
Ksei 2/249
dud
Dheu 2/100
dudeh
Dheu 2/100
dudman
Dem/86
Dheu 2/100
dug
Dheugh/101
duk
Dhus/106
dul
Der 1/89
dul-band
Bhendh/57
dull
Kund/255
dur
Deu 2/92
dus
Deu 1/92
dus
Deuk/92
dus
Dous/110
dusTdan
Dheugh/101
dusTzeh
Dheugh/101
dust
Geus/148
duxtan 1
Deuk/92
duxtan 2
Dheugh/101
duzax
An 1/24
Dus/ 113
duzTdan
Deuk/92
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
E
eblTs Dwo/115
eblTs Gwel 1/176
ebn B.n.v/70
Ebne-STna B.n.v/70
EbrahTm Ab 2/3
ebranT A* .b.r/4
ebn A\b. r/4
ebrTq Ab 1/1
Leigh 2/277
ebtekar B.k.r/69
EdrTs Ner 1/331
eflas Gwel 2/177
efrTt Apo/29
Prl/377
egteraf Gh.r. f/l 65
ehram H.r.m/192
ehya H.y.y/193
ejareh Agaru/6
Ekbatan Gwa/1 72
Ekbatan Sem 1/412
eksTr Ksero/250
ekzema Yes/534
Elyas Layh/2 73
em I 2/195
emarat A' .m.r/23
engardan Kwer/2 62
engastan Sem 1/411
EngelTs Ang/2 6
enjTI Agaru/6
enkar Ne 1/321
eqlTm Klei/239
erfan A\r.f/33
esans Es 2/131
esel Skand/422
Esfahan Kwon/2 68
esfand Kwen 1/2 61
EsfandTyar Do 2/109
Kwen 1/2 61
esfanj Spongo /441
esferaj Spereg/438
Es-haq z.h.k/54
eskam Reuto/395
Eskandar Alek/19
Eskandar Ner 1/331
eskeleh Skand/422
eskenas Sekw/410
eskT Sek/409
Esma'TI S.m. 'a/430
espargam
Spereg/438
esparud Spereg/438
espenax
Spinaki on/440
esrag Clrag/75
establ Sta/445
estabrak Stebh/44 6
estandard Kar 1/212
Sta/445
estart Ster 3/450
estaxr Sta/444
esteratezT Ag/5
Ster 1/449
esterTITzeh
Ster 4/451
estenyo Ster 3/450
eter Aidh/9
etTket Steig/448
ezdeha Angwhi/2 7
ezdehak Angwhi/2 7
fag Bhag/51
fagpur Bhag/51
falaxon Dhogh/104
fals Gwel 2/177
falsafeh Bhili/66
Sophos/434
fam Bha 1/49
708
Persian
F - G
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
fanus
Bha 1/49
farsudan
Sek/408
foruxtan
Wekw/508
fara
Per 1/363
Farvahar
Wer 3/516
fosfor
Bher 1/59
Faramarz
Mel g/ 300
farvar
Wer 3/516
fostog
Bistak/69
faramusTdan
FarvardTn
Wer 3/516
frarun
Ardha/33
Mer 3/306
farxar
Aus 2/41
fsan
Ak/13
farangT ,
Frankon/134
farzand
Gene 1/141
Faranseh
Farzaneh
Gno/168
G
j
Frankon/134
Per 1/364
fara van
Pel 1/359
fas
Bhergh/62
gabr
J.b.r/200
fa rax
Pele/361
fasfaseh
Ekwos/121
Gabriel
Layh/2 73
farbeh
Pel/355
fasTsm
Bhendh/57
Gabriyel
J.b.r/200
fareh
Pel 1/359
faz
Bazda/47
gac
Gassu/138
farfar
Per 1/364
faz
Ghei/152
gadan
Gweie/176
fargan
Gherto/160
fazagand
Bazda/47
gaeleh
G.v. 1/171
fargandeh
fazak
Bazda/47
gah 1
Gei/138
Gherto/160
fazTdan
Ghei/152
gah2
Gwa/1 72
fargar
Gherto/160
f elf el Pippali/373
gal
Gwer 3/180
fargar
Gherto/160
fenjan
Pin/ 37 3
galu
Gwer 3/180
fargaridan
feodal
Pek/357
gam
Gwa/1 72
Gherto/160
fer
Gwher/186
gambroon Merk/30 7
farh-ast
Pel 1/359
ferdows
Dheigh/96
gand
Gwedh/1 74
farhast
Isto/197
fereh
Pel 1/359
gandTdan
Gwedh/1 74
farhTxtan
Ten 1/471
ferestadan
Sta/444
gandom
Gantuma/137
farTb
Leip/2 78
fesanTdan
Ak/13
gandom-
3a
FarTborz
Bhergh/62
fesar
Xsarta/529
Gantuma/137
Sawel/402
fesfeseh
Ed/ 117
gandomgun
fariftan
Leip/2 78
FTIadelfTya
Bhili/66
Gantuma/137
farineh
Gwher/186
Gwelbh/177
ganeh
Gwhen 1/183
farjam
Gwa/1 72
fTleh
Gwhi/186
gangester
farman
Me 2/293
FTITp
Ekwos/121
Ghengh/157
farnas
Nek 1/327
fiyuz
Gheu 1/162
ganj
Gzn/188
farq
F.r.q/135
fluoresant
Bhel/55
ganqraya
Gras/1 69
farr
Sawel/402
foluor
Bhel/55
gap
Ghu 1/165
farrox
Sawel/402
folut
Agaruh/6
gar 1
Gwer 4/181
farrox-hamal
forat
Per 2/365
gar 2
Kwer/2 62
Sem 1/411
Forat
Su 1/454
gar 3
Garenu/137
Fars
Parsa/352
forn
Gwher/186
garb
Erebu/128
farsang
forqan
F.r.q/135
garbal
Sek/409
Fra-sanga/134
foru
Per 1/364
-gard
Kwer/2 62
farsax
forutan
Per 1/364
gard
Wer 2/514
Fra-sanga/134
709
Persian
G - G
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
gardan
Wer 2/514
gergereh
Gwer 3/180
gorg
Wei 2/510
gardTdan
Wer 2/514
genstan
Gwer 2/179
Gorgan
Wei 2/510
gargen
Garenu/137
gero
Ghrebh/1 64
gonxtan
ganban
Gwer 3/180
gu
Wer 3/516
Leigh 2/277
ganveh
Gwer 3/180
gTlas
Ghel/156
gorixtan
Wi/523
garm
Gwher/186
gTs
Ghait/149
gorridan
Ger 4/145
garogar
Gwer 2/179
gTtar
Ten 1/471
gors 1
Vrsa/494
garsah
Gwer 4/181
Trei/481
gors 2
Wei 2/510
Garsasp
Ekwos/121
gitt
Gwei/175
goruh
Ger 1/143
Kerk/230
godaxtan
Teku 1/4 68
gorz
Weg 2/500
GarsTvaz
Kerk/230
Wi/524
gosadan
Wi/523
garson
Wreg 1/527
godazTdan
Dhogh/104
gosadan
Se 1/404
garzman
Dem/86
goftan
Ghu 1/165
gosan
Eres 1/130
Gwer 2/179
goh
Gwou/187
gosastan
Wi/523
gast
Gwedh/1 74
gohar
Gotra/169
gosfand
Gwou/187
gat
Gei/138
gohar-amud Amon/23
gosTxtan
Sek/408
gav
Gwou/187
gol
Wrdho/52 6
gosn
Eres 1/130
gavazn
Guysna/1 71
golgol
Gwer 3/180
Gosnasp
Ekwos/121
gavmTs
Moiso/310
golobul
Gel/139
Gosnasp
Eres 1/130
gaz
Kaz/216
goluleh
Gel/139
gosnT
Eres 1/130
gaz
Ghans/149
goman
Men 1/301
gostardan
Wi/523
gazal
G.z. 1/188
Wi/523
gostardan
6azaleh
G.z. 1/188
gomardan
Mer 1/304
Ster 1/449
gazar
Gogel/168
Wi/523
Gostasp
Ekwos/121
gazTdan
Gwhen 2/185
gomTxtan
Meig/298
gostax
Sta/444
Wi/523
Wi/523
Wi/523
geda
Gwhedh/182
gomrok
Merk/307
gostay
Su 1/456
geladTyator
gonah
Nek 1/327
govah
Wi/523
Kel 6/222
gonbad
Geu 1/14 6
govah
Kwek/2 60
geleh
Gal/ 13 6
gondeh
Geu 1/14 6
govalTdan
Ered/128
"general"
Sol/434
gong
Gang/ 137
govardan
Kwer/2 62
geramafon Bha 2/50
gonjandan
Gzn/188
Wi/524
geramT
Gwer 2/179
goptan
Ghu 1/165
govazeh
Wekw/508
geran
Gwer 1/178
goraz
Varaza/492
govazTdan
Wi/524
geranTt
Ger 2/144
gorazTdan
gozardan
Kwel/2 60
geravTdan
Wei 1/509
Wreg 1/527
Wi/523
gerd
Wer 2/514
gorbeh
Wei 2/511
gozastan
Ter 1/474
gerdu
Wer 2/514
gord
Gurdos/170
Wi/523
gereftan
Ghrebh/1 64
gordeh
Wer 2/514
gozTdan
Kwei 2/259
gereh
Ger 1/143
goresneh
Vrsa/494
Wi/523
710
Persian
G - H
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
gozTr
Kwer/2 63
hamTstar
Smelt/ 430
hendeseh
Teku 1/4 68
gozm
Ghrem/1 64
ham-sTreh
hendevaneh
gozm
Ghrem/1 64
Kslro/252
Sy and/ 463
grayTdan
Gredh/1 69
Sem 1/411
hengam
Gwa/1 72
grTs
Kiru/238
ham-tak
Teku 1/4 68
Sem 1/412
guk
Ghuk/166
hamun
Sem 1/411
herba
Sawel/402
gul
Gurdos/170
ham-var
Wei 3/511
herkul
Ser 2/416
gul
G.v. 1/171
han
Sen 1/413
herman
H.r.m/192
gulleh
Gel/139
hanan
H.n.n/191
hestan
Selg/411
gun
Geu 1/14 6
hanTn
H.n.n/191
hezar
Gheslo/161
gunia
Genu 1/142
hanjar
Ten 1/471
hTc
I 2/195
gu-pan
Gwou/187
hanjTdan
Ten 1/471
Kwo/2 67
gur Gh
ou-ro-s/1 64
hannan
H.n.n/191
hTdrogen
Wed/ 4 98
gurab Gh
ou-ro-s/1 64
har
Ser 3/416
hTmalaya
Ghei 1/153
Gurb
Gurb/1 70
har
Sol/434
hTmeh
Aidh/9
gus
Ous 1/347
haram
H.r.m/192
hTpnotTsm
Swep/4 62
gu-saleh
Gwou/187
harasTdan
Tres/483
hTrak
El/119
gusaleh
Kel 1/220
harat
Ser 1/414
hTzom
Aidh/9
guseh
Geu 1/146
harTm
H.r.m/192
homa
Su 1/454
gusfand
Kwen 1/2 61
harmonT
Ar/32
homozen
Sem 1/412
guspand
Gwou/187
Hasan
H.s.n/192
honar
Ner 1/331
gust
Gwou/187
hasTs
H.s.s/193
Su 1/454
gusvareh
Ous 1/347
hasr
Se 2/404
hormat
H.r.m/192
guy
Gel/139
hast
Okto/342
hosn
H.s.n/192
guz
Geu 1/14 6
hastan
Selg/411
Hovaxsatar Aueg/4
guzak
Geu 1/14 6
hasteh
Ost/346
Su 1/455
hava
Kwes/2 64
hovayda
Su 1/454
H
havan
Havana/189
We id/504
havva
H.y.y/193
howm
Seu 2/418
HabTI
Hebhel/190
hax
Skeng/423
hozTr
Skai/421
habl
Habl/ 18 9
Haxamanes
Su 1/454
haft
Septm/414
Men 1/301
hozvan
Dinghw/107
haleh
Sawel/403
Sekw/410
Human
Men 1/301
halTdan
Selg/411
hayat
H.y.y/193
Su 1/454
ham
Sem 1/411
hayavan
H.y.y/193
hur 1
Leudh/281
hamal
Sem 1/411
hectar
As/35
Su 1/454
haman
Men 1/301
Dekm/85
hur2
Sawel/402
Sem 1/411
hejrat
H.j.r/190
hur-ban
Sawel/402
hamTn
Sem 2/413
helicopter
Pet 1/370
hus 1
Ous 1/346
hamTstakan
Hend
Sy and/ 463
hus2
Aus 2/41
Smelt/ 430
111
Persian
H - K
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Husang Su 1/454
husbam Aus 2/41
husyar Do 2/109
Ous 1/346
huxt Wekw/508
Huzsang
Gwhen 1/182
I
Tdar
I 2/194
Tdun
I 2/194
Tman
A.m.n/22
Tn
I 2/195
Traj
Al 1/15
Iran
Al 1/15
Tranvej
Al 1/15
Trland
Al 1/15
Trim an
Al 1/15
Tsan
So/433
Tstadan
Sta/444
Tstadan
En/124
Tzad
Yag/531
ja Ei/118
jabal J.b.l /199
jabal-ottareq
J.b.l /199
jabarut J.b.r/200
jabr J.b.r/200
jabsTn Gassu/138
jaddeh latos/196
jadu Ya/531
jah Gwa/1 72
jahTdan Yes/534
jak A\q.b/30
jalTtqeh ljlak/196
jalTz Dheigh/96
jam
jamal
Jamasb
jameh
Yem/534
Jamal /1 98
Ekwos/121
Yds/538
jameh-dan Yds/538
JamsTd Ksei 2/249
Yem/534
jan Dheye/102
jan Ei/118
Jang Ghengh/157
jangal Jangalah/198
jarreh K.r.v/247
ja-rub Ei/118
jaselTq Sol/434
jasn Yag/531
jastan Yes/534
javan Yeu 2/535
javTd Aiw/11
javTdan Geu 3/148
JebreTI J.b.r/200
jegar Yekwer/533
jegar-band
Yekwer/533
jenazeh Gzn/188
-jerd Kwer/2 62
jTveh Gwei/175
jo Ieuo/196
jobbeh J.b.b/198
jobran J.b.r/200
joft Yeu 1/535
Jonah Nek 1/327
jonbTdan Gwa/1 73
jostan Yeu 3/536
ju Yau/532
jujeh Dus/113
jurab Gurb/1 70
jusTdan Yeu 3/536
juy-bar Yau/532
K
ka'b K.a\b/201
kabar Kapparis/211
kabareh Kam 2/207
kabast Kapastay/210
Ka'beh K.a\b/201
kabk Kau 2/215
kabl Habl/189
Kabol Kapul/211
kabolT Kapul/211
kabud Kavuta/215
kabutar Kavuta/215
kac Xac 2/528
kacT Xac 2/528
kad- Ket/232
-kadeh Ket/232
kadmTom Q.d.m/380
kadr Kwetwer/2 6"5
kaenat K.w.n/2 6"6"
kaf Kafa/202
kafc-ITz Kafa/202
kaf eh Kaf fa/2 03
kaffas Kafs/203
kafs Kafs/203
kaftan Sek/4 08
kafur Karpurah/213
kagaz Kagas/204
kah Kuatos/254
kahhal K.h.I/23ff
kahr-man Kwer/2 6"2
kahroba Kuatos/254
kaj Keg/ 21 7
kak Kaic 4/205
ka'k Kaic 4/205
kal Ke2e wo/223
kala Ku 1/253
Ped/354
kalag Gwiien 2/2 85
Weren/518
kaland Ke2 6"/222
712
Persian
K - K
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
kalbod
Ku 1/253
kargadan
kay 2
Keu 3/233
Ped/354
Kurkizannu/257
kaz
Kaz/ 216
kaleb
Ku 1/253
kandan 1
Kwel/2 60
kaz
Skeu 2/425
Ped/354
kandan 2
Kwer/2 62
kazakanc
Kaz/ 216
kalenjar
Koro/244
kark
Ker 3/22 7
kazakanc
kaleskeh
Kwel/2 61
karkas
Ed/ 117
Gwhen 1/184
kam
Kamma/208
Ker 3/22 7
kazdom
Dumb/ 112
kam 1
Ka 1/201
karnaval
Legwh/27 5
kebnt
Kupri ti/256
kam 2
Kwen 2/2 62
karnaval
Sek/409
Keh
So/433
kamand
Kam 1/206
karpas Karpasah/213
kelac
Gel/139
kamar
Kam 2/207
karrubT
B.r.k/71
kelas
Kel 3/221
kamTn
Kamma/208
kars
Ker 4/228
kelTd
Kleu 2/241
kamra
Kam 2/207
karsneh
Ker 4/228
kelTnTk
Klei/239
kanal
Gwhen 1/184
kart
Cartes/74
kelTsa
Kel 3/221
kanand
Gwhen 1/183
kart
Sek/408
kenest
Kel 3/221
kandak
Gwhen 1/183
karv
Skwalo/428
kerem
Gher 3/159
kandan
Gwhen 1/183
kar-van
Koro/244
kerm
Wer 2/515
kandTd
Kand 1/209
karveh
Kelewo/223
kesaleh
Kenk 1/224
kanduk
Gwhen 1/183
kas
Kwo/2 67
kesTdan
Kenk 1/224
kanTseh
Kel 3/221
kas2
K' s/247
kesvar
Karsvar/214
kanTz
Ken/ 22 4
kasaf
Kasyapa/214
keyhan
Gwei/175
kannas
Kel 3/221
kasaftan
Kseubh/250
Kharazm
Ghdhem/150
kans
Kel 3/221
kasak
Oku/343
Su 1/455
kanun
Kanunu/21
Pet 1/370
kT
Kwo/267
kanz
Gzn/188
kaseh
Kel 5/222
kTIo
Gheslo/161
kapT
Kup 2/256
kaskul
Kenk 1/224
kTmTya
Gheu 1/162
kapTdan
Gabbah/136
kasoftan
Kseubh/250
kTmTya
Kers 2/230
kar
Sek/408
kast
Isto/197
kTn
Kwei 1/259
kar-
Koro/244
kastan
Kak 3/205
kTs 1
Kenk 1/224
karak
Ker 3/22 7
kastan
Kwel/2 60
kT§2
Kenk 1/224
karamel
Kolemos/242
katan
Kitu/238
kTs 3
Tkaesa/480
karan
Sker 1/424
katod
Sed/405
kTs-mat
M.v. t/315
karb
Koro/244
katolTk
Sol/434
KTumars
Gwei/175
karbas Karpasah/213
katrang
Kwetwer/265
Mer 2/305
karbasu
Kahrpu/204
katureh
Katara/214
kTusk
Geu 1/14 6
karbon
Ker 5/228
katvar
Kwetwer/265
kTya
Keu 3/233
kard
Sek/408
kavTz
Kap/210
kTyan
Keu 3/233
kar-dar
Koro/244
Kavus
Keu 3/233
klub
Gel/139
kareh
Ker 4/228
kay 1
De 2/80
knun
Newo/334
karg Kurkizannu/257
Kwo/2 67
kobbeh
Gabbah/136
713
Persian
K - L
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
kodam
Kwo/2 67
kos
Skeu 2/425
LajTn
Lajin/271
koftan
Sek/408
kostan
Kau/215
Laj-vard
Lajin/271
kohan
Geu 1/147
kostT
Kost/245
Lajvard
Kwer/2 62
kohl
K.h. 1/236
kosti
Kost/245
lajvard
Lajin/271
kohul
K.h. 1/236
kosuf
Leigh 2/277
lak
Alek/19
koja
Kwo/2 67
kotlet
Kost/245
lak
Alek/19
kol
Skel 1/423
kowIT
Kapul/211
Reg 3/388
kolah
Kel 2/220
kravat
Gwer 4/181
lak
Reg 3/388
kolang
Kel 6/222
knsmas
Gher 3/159
laklak Laqalaqa/272
kolbeh
Kel 2/220
KrTsna
Kers 2/230
Lai
Lai/ 27 2
kolestrol
Ster 3/450
knstal
Kreu/246
\a\
Lai/ 27 2
kolor
Ghel/156
ku
Kwo/2 67
lalak
Lai/ 27 2
koloroffl
Bhel/55
kuc
Skeu 2/425
lalas
Lai/ 27 2
kolux
Kreu/24 6
kucak
Kut/258
laleh
Lai/ 27 2
komTsTyor
kudak
Kut/258
laleh-sar
Lai/ 27 2
Smelt/ 430
kuffyyeh
lang
Longos/284
kon
K.w.n/266
Ghebh-el/152
langar
Ang/2 6
kond 1
Kund/255
kuh
Geu 1/147
laqlaq Laqalaqa/272
kond2
Kund/255
kun
Keu 2/232
laqlaqeh
kondavar
Kund/255
kupal
Wer 2/515
Laqalaqa/272
kondT
Kund/255
kur
Kur/ 2 57
larzesh
Lrg/285
kondT 2
Kund/255
Kurb
Gurb/1 70
larzTdan
Lrg/285
kondor
Kand 1/209
kureh
Ker 5/228
laskar
Ret/392
kongareh
Kar 1/212
Kurosh
Sker 1/424
Sta/444
kongereh
2
kusan
Kenk 1/224
latreh
Letro/280
Gredh/1 69
kusTdan
Kau/215
lax
Les/2 79
konj
Kung/255
kusk
Geu 1/146
laxt
Lek/2 79
konj-kav
Kung/255
kutah
Kut/258
lay
Lei/ 27 5
konserv
Ser 2/416
kuzeh
Kel 5/222
layTdan
La/2 70
konsul
Kel 3/221
laym
Nimbu/336
kor
Gher 1/158
L
ITIak
Nei 1/326
koreh
K.r.v/247
ITmonad
Nimbu/336
korkom
Kurkanu/257
lab
Leb/274
ITmu
Nimbu/336
kor-na
Koro/244
labamyyat L.b.n/274
ITsTdan
Leigh 1/276
korna
Nedo/324
labeh
Lep/2 79
ITstan
Leigh 1/276
korom
Gher 3/159
ladan
Ladunu/270
ITtr
Lithra/284
koromosom
laf
Lep/2 79
Lithra/284
Gher 3/159
lagad
Lek/278
logantm
Ar/32
korset
Kwer/2 63
lagan
Lignu/283
Lohrasb
Ekwos/121
koruh
Ker 3/22 7
lagar
Legwh/27 5
Lohrasp
Er 1/126
714
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Persian
L - M
Root/Page
lojjeh
lustr
Alek/19
Reg 3/388
Leuk/282
M
ma Ne 2/322
ma- Me 1/292
madam Dem/86
madar Ma/286
Ter 3/475
madeh Ma/286
madTneh Dinu/108
maedeh Mei 1/296
mag Mad/287
mag Maga/287
magas Mako/290
magazeh Gzn/188
magz Mozgo/312
mah Me 2/293
Maharajeh
Reg 1/387
maharajeh Meg/295
mahT Mad/28 7
mahtab Me 2/293
Tep/4 73
majus Maghl/288
makan K.w.n/266
makromeh
Q.r.m/382
malaga M.l.h/310
malanya Mel 2/299
We 1/496
malax Madhaxa/287
malgam Mel 3/300
malTdan Melg/300
malTxulia Ghel/156
malTxulia Mel 1/299
ma'mur A' .m.r/23
man Dem/86
man 1 Eg/ 118
man 2 Mana/290
manar N.w.r/341
manastan Men 1/301
mand Menth/304
mandan 1 Men 1/301
mandan 2 Men 2/303
mandTI
Mantellum/291
manes Men 1/301
manjamk Maghl/288
mankan Men 1/302
manto
Mantellum/291
Manucehr Men 1/302
Skai/421
MaqdunTyyeh
Mak/290
mar Mel 2/299
mar Mer 1/304
Marakes Erebu/128
mard Mer 2/305
marg Marega/291
margzar Marega/291
marjan Murvarit/315
marmar Mer 2/305
marqasTsa
Magsisa/289
Maryam R.y.m/396
marz Merg/307
masahat M.s.h/312
masaz M.s.s/313
mas-h M.s.h/312
MasTh M.s.h/312
masjed Masgda/292
mask S.x.r/4 63
mask Masakah/291
masku Masakah/291
mass M.s.s/313
mast Mad/287
mast Mad/28 7
mastakT Menth/304
masxareh s.x.r/4 63
masya Mer 2/305
masyaneh Mer 2/305
mat M.v.t/315
matador M.v.t/315
matTk Kens/225
matmureh Temar/470
matrah T.r.h/483
mawt M.v.t/315
maxTmom Meg/295
may Medhu/294
mayazd Mei 1/296
mayeh Ma/286
mayg Madhaxa/287
maymun Y.m.n/537
mayyet M.v.t/315
Mazda Dhe 2/94
Men 1/302
mazdTsna Men 1/302
mazg Mozgo/312
mazget Masgda/292
meh 1 Meig/298
meh 2 Mak/290
Meg/295
mehast lsto/197
Mak/290
Meg/295
mehman Meit/299
mehr Mei 4/297
melh M.l.h/310
meqlad Kleu 2/241
meqrameh
Q.r.m/382
mere? Merk/307
mesk Mu/313
meskT Mu/313
metod Sed/4 05
metr Me 2/293
715
Persian
M - N
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
meymun
Y.m.n/537
morg
Merega/306
naftalm
Nabatu/317
mezna
Mak/290
morvand
na-gam
Nogw/339
Meg/295
Murvarit/315
naghusa
Ous 1/347
mTg
Meig/298
morz
Mel g/ 300
nagusTdan dus 1/347
mTgren
Ker 1/226
mosk
Mu/313
nahadan
Dhe 2/94
mThan
Meit/299
most
Moudh/311
Ni 1/335
mThman
Meit/299
most
Meuk/309
nahan
Dhe 2/94
mTkrob
Gwei/175
mostan
Mel g/ 300
NahTd
Ahu/8
mTI
Gheslo/161
mosyo
Sen 1/413
nai
Nedo/324
mTIT-
Gheslo/161
motarjem
nal
Nedo/324
mma
Men 1/301
Ragamu/384
nalTdan
Neu/333
mTnu
Men 1/301
mowsem
W.s.m/527
nam
Nebh/323
mTrza
A' .m.r/23
mowt
M.v. t/315
nam
Nomn/34
Gene 1/141
mozavver
Ghuel/166
namad Nemata 2/329
mTs
Moiso/310
mozd
Mizdho/310
namak
Nebh/323
mTx
Mei 2/296
mozdeh
Mizdho/310
namaz
Nem 1/329
mTxak
Mei 2/296
mozdur
Mizdho/310
Nem 2/329
mTxtan
Meig/298
mozeh
Meig/298
nameh
Nomn/34
miyan
Medhyo/295
mozgan
Meig/298
namraq
Namra/318
mTz
Meig/298
mozhek
Z.h.k/540
namus
Nem 1/329
mTzban
Mei 1/296
mozmen
Gwa/1 72
nan
Nagan/318
mobad
Maghl/288
muk
Muk/ 31 4
naneh
Nana/319
mobed
Maghl/288
Mum
Mum/314
nar
N.w.r/341
mofles
Gwel 2/177
mur
Morwi/311
nar
Ner 1/331
moft
Meug/308
mus
Mu/313
nard 1
Ar/31
mog
Maghl/288
muy-Tdan
Moudh/311
Nei 1/325
mogTIan
Umm/488
muzeh
Meuk/309
nard2
Nedo/324
G. v. 1/171
nareng
Naranga/319
mohandes
N
narengT
Naranga/319
Teku 1/468
narenj
Naranga/319
Moharrarr
na
Ne 1/321
narges
Ner 2/332
H.r.m/192
nab
Ab 1/1
nargeseh
Ner 2/332
mohr
Mura/314
nabard
Ni 1/335
nargesT
Ner 2/332
moka'ab
K.a* .b/201
Per 3/366
nargTI Na
rikelah/320
mol
Medhu/294
nabas
Nepot/330
nargTIeh
Mer 2/305
na-bTyusan Bheudh/65
Na
rikelah/320
moqannT
naf
Nobh/337
NarTman
Men 1/301
Gwhen 1/184
nafeh
Nobh/337
Ner 1/331
morabba
R.b.b/385
naft
Nabatu/317
narm
Namra/318
mordan
Mer 2/305
Nebh/323
nasa
Nek 1/327
in
Persian
N - O
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
nasTb
Ksip/251
nemudan
Ni 1/335
nosxeh
Ned/ 32 4
Ni 1/335
Neptune
Nebh/323
not
Gno/168
nasim
Sed/405
nesan
Okw/343
not sharp
Kund/255
nask
Ned/ 32 4
nesastan
Ni 1/335
novTd
Newo/334
nasta
Ed/ 117
Sed/405
novTdan
Neu/333
nastuh
Ne 1/321
nevestan
Ni 1/335
now
Newo/334
Teu 1/477
Peig/356
nuk
Nabja/317
Ud 1/486
nezad
Gene 1/141
nul
Nabja/317
natrun
Nitiru/337
mam
Ni 1/335
nur
N.w.r/341
nav
Na 1/316
niaz
Angh/2 7
nus
Ous 1/346
nava
Wekw/508
nTaz
Ni 1/335
nusTdan
Ous 1/346
navak
Na 1/316
nTazT
Angh/2 7
nusTn
Ous 1/346
navamdan
Na 1/316
nTk
Nei 1/325
nuzdah
Dekm/84
navardTdar
Nl 1/335
ml
Nei 1/326
Wer 2/514
mm
Naema/31 7
o
nav-dan
Na 1/316
nTru
Ner 1/331
navdan
Da 2/79
nTrvana
Nis/336
o
I 2/195
naveh
Na 1/316
We 1/496
obardan
Au 2/39
naveh
Nepot/330
nTs
Neks/ 327
Pel 1/359
navTdan
Na 1/316
nTsdar
Der 1/89
obash
Au 2/39
navus
Nes 1/332
nTstar
Neks/ 327
Pel 1/359
nax
Naks/318
nTtrat
Nitiru/337
obastan
Pel 1/359
naxon
Nogh/338
nTtnc
Nitiru/337
obbohat
Ab 1/2
naxost
Isto/197
nitrogen
Nitiru/337
obur
A* .b.r/4
Sed/405
nTusTdan
Ni 1/335
odokolon
Akwa/14
nay
Nedo/324
Ous 1/347
of tad an
Au 2/39
nayzeh
Naeza/318
NTv
Nei 1/325
Pet 1/370
naz
Nog/338
nTya
Nyaka/341
ojrat
Agaru/6
nazand Gwhen 2/185
nTyam
Gwa/1 72
okalTptus
Kel 2/220
Nl 1/335
nTyayes
Gei/138
okalTptus
Su 1/456
nazd
Sed/405
nobel
Gno/168
okazTon
Kad 2/202
nazok
Nog/338
nob?
Peig/356
oksTzen
Ak/12
nefnn
Pri/377
noh
Newn/333
olag
Ul/487
negah
Kwek/2 60
no-hur
Sawel/402
-om
Emos/123
Ni 1/335
nok
Nabja/317
omTd
Men 2/303
negun
Geu 1/14 6
nomreh
Nem 1/329
omm
Umm/488
Nl 1/335
nomudan
Me 2/293
ommT
Umm/488
nehoftan
Gwou/187
noqreh
Kwer/2 63
OqlTdos
Su 1/456
nekukTdan
Keued/234
Ne 1/321
oqyanus
Keanos/21 6
nemaTdan
Nl 1/335
normal
Gno/168
Oku/343
111
Persian
o - P
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
OrdTbehest Ar/31
padTd
Upo/489
papaz
Parvan/353
Isto/197
padzahr
Gwhen 2/185
pa-pus
Pos/375
Su 1/456
Per 3/367
par
Per 2/365
ordu
Urmak/491
pahlov
Parth/352
paraftn
Pou/376
org
Werg 1/519
pahlu
Perk 2 /369
parakandan
orkestr
Er 1/127
pahn
Pet 2/371
3when 1/184
orkTdeh
Orghi/345
pa-jameh
Ped/353
Per 1/363
oroz
Urigh/490
Yds/538
parantez
Dhe 2/95
ortodox
Dek/83
pajhmordan
En/124
osarah
A' .s.r/36
Mer 2/305
parastTtan
Sta/444
osareh
A' .s.r/36
pak
Peu/371
pa rem
Kwei 2/259
osmoz
Wedh 2/499
pakat
Beu 2/48
pard
Prs/377
osnan
Sna/431
pal
Ped/353
pardaxtan
Per 1/363
osqof
Epi/125
palan
Leu/280
Teku 1/4 68
Spek/436
palang
Prs/377
pardeh
Pele/361
ostad
Sta/444
pal ayes
Leu/280
pardTs
Dheigh/96
ostoqos
Steigh/449
pa ltd an
Pol /375
pareh
Per 4/368
ostor
Wes 1/520
palTz
Dheigh/96
pargar
Kwer/2 62
ostorlab
Ster 2/450
paludan
Leu/280
Per 1/363
ostovan
Stebh/446
paludan
Pa/349
parhTxtan
Steu 1/451
paludeh
Leu/280
,
Leigh 2/277
ostovar
Stebh/446
paluneh
Leu/280
parhTxtan
Per 3/366
ostoxan
Ost/346
panah
Na 2/316
part
Parika/351
ostureh
Wei d/ 504
Pa/349
parTr
Ayer/44
otoban
Autos/42
panam
Dhe 2/94
Pars
Parsa/352
Bhen/56
Pa/349
parsa
Pel 2/360
ou
So/433
panamTdan Dhe 2/94
part
Parth/352
owj
Ud 1/486
panbeh
Pambak/351
parto
Tep/4 73
owzandan
pane
Penkwe/362
partow
Per 1/363
Gwhen 2/185
pancar
Peuk/372
parvar
Wer 3/516
oxtapus
Ped/354
pand
Pent/ 3 62
parvardan
Per 1/363
pangan
Pin/ 373
parvaz
Wegh/501
P
panguwan Weid/504
parvin
Pel 1/359
panTr
Pei/355
parvTzan
Weik 1/505
pa
Ped/353
panj
Penkwe/362
pas
Apo/30
pad af rah
panjeh
Penkwe/362
pasak
Puk/378
Perk 1 /368
pankeh
Peg/355
pasand
Upo/489
padas
Do 2/109
pankras
Kreu/24 6
pasandTdan Sed/405
Per 3/366
pansad
Penkwe/362
pasanjTdan
padesah
Ksei 1/248
panzdah
Penkwe/362
Seiku/407
Hi
Persian
P - Q
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Pasargad
Parsa/352
Per 3/367
pTxtan
Piko/372
pasban
Spek/436
pazman
Per 3/366
piyadeh
Ped/353
pasTdan
Prs/377
pazuhTdan
We id/504
pTyaleh
Gwer 3/180
pasTman
Men 1/301
pazvak
Parvan/353
plasma
Pele/361
pasm
Pek/357
Wekw/508
plastTk
Pele/361
pasneh
Persna/369
peckam
Skabh/420
pol
Per 2/365
pasox
Kas 2/214
Upo/489
polow
Pulaka/379
Per 3/366
pedar
Pa/349
por
Pel 1/359
Wegwh/502
Ter 3/475
porsTdan
pasport
Pet 2/371
Pedram
Per 3/366
Perk 1 /368
passage
Pet 2/371
pedram
Rem/ 3 90
Perk 1 /368
past 1
Pet 1/370
pegah
Upo/489
post
Per 1/363
past 2
Pis/ 374
pelatTn
Pele/361
Sta/444
Pasutan
Ten 1/472
pelpel Pippali/373
poudr
Pel 3/360
patTI
P6 2/374
pendastan
Dher 1/98
poxtan
Pekw/358
patTleh
Batiaxe/47
penhan
Upo/489
proffl
Gwhi/186
patyareh
Er 1/126
pesar
Pou/376
pu
Peud/371
Per 3/367
pesmelba
Parsa/352
pudeh
Pu 4/378
payam
Gwa/1 72
pest
Pis/ 374
puk
Pu 2/378
paygam
Per 3/366
pestan Pesteno/369
pul
Gwel 2/177
paygareh
Gwer 2/179
pesteh
Bistak/69
pupu
Opop/345
Per 3/366
pezesk
Bha 2/50
pursantaz Dekm/85
payTdan
Pa/349
pezvak
Parvan/353
pus
Pos/375
pay-Tn
Ped/353
pTh
Pei/355
pusTdan
Pu 4/378
payk
Ped/353
pTjameh
Ped/353
pusTdan
Pos/375
paykan
Swhen 1/184
Yds/538
pust
Wes 3/521
Per 3/366
pTI
Yb/533
puya
Peud/371
paykar
Kwer/2 62
pTI-as
Yb/533
puyamdan Peud/371
paykar
Kwer/2 62
pTIeh
Pilo/373
puyTdan
Peud/371
paykar
Per 3/366
pTneh
Spen/437
puzTdan
Bheug/65
paykar
Per 3/367
pTnu
Pei/355
paymudan
Me 2/293
pTr
Pel 2/360
Per 3/366
pTramun
Per 1/363
Q
payvastan
paz
pazTreh
Bhendh/57
Per 3/366
Parvan/353
Er 1/126
pTrar
pTrastan
pTruz
pTs
Ayer/44
Ar/31
Aueg/4
Per 3/366
qadam
qafas
qafqaz
Q.d.m/380
Kap/210
Kreu/24 6
Ku 1/253
1 Men 1/301
Kaffa/203
Kolemos/242
pazTroftan
Per 3/367
Ghrebh/1 64
pTseh
pTseh
pTsT
Peig/356
Peig/356
Peig/356
qahrema
qahveh
qalam
11[
Persian
Q - R
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
qaleb Ku 1/253
Ped/354
qalya Q.l.y/381
qalyeh Q.l.y/381
qamTs Kern 2/223
qanarT Kwon/2 68
qanat Gwhen 1/184
qand Gwhen 1/182
qandTI Kand 1/209
qanun Gwhen 1/184
qaraney Nedo/324
qarantTn
Kwetwer/265
qareh Kar 2/213
qareh-qulaq
Kar 2/213
qarn Gher 1/158
Qarrabeh
Qirbah/381
qasang *Xsnk/530
qasr Kes 1/231
qater Kar 1/212
qayeq Kay ik/ 216
qaz Kaz/216
qedam Q.d.m/380
qentar Dekm/85
qermez Gene 1/141
Wer 2/515
qertas Cartes/74
qest Yeu 1/535
qestas Yeu 1/535
qeysar Skhai/427
qTfal Ghebh-el/152
qTr Kiru/238
qTrat Ker 1/22 6
qobbeh Gabbah/136
qulun SiceJ 1/423
R
ra Ar/32
rab R.b.b/385
rabb R.b.b/385
rad Ar/32
rad Ar/32
rad Kei 2/389
radeh iReg 2/38 7
Rafael R.f.a'/395
raftan Rep/391
rag Eres 2/230
rah iRet/392
rahban Ret/392
rahbar iRet/392
raheb iRet/392
rahTdan Redh/386
raj iReg 2/387
rajTdan Reg 3/388
ram Rem/390
ram Ser 2/425
ramTdan Ser 1/415
ran Sreno/442
randTdan Er 1/12 6
rang iReg 3/388
rang-a-rang
Reg 3/388
rangTn kaman
Reg 3/388
ranj Lang/272
ranjandan Lang/2 72
rasan Rek/390
rask Eres 2/230
rast Reg 1/387
rastaxTz Leith/278
Suig/457
rati Lithra/284
ravaj Rep/ 3 91
ravan Urvan/491
raxs Leuic/282
Ray Raga/384
raygan iRet/392
raz Leudh/281
raz Redh/386
razegT Raga/384
razeqT Raga/384
razT Raga/384
razm iReg 1/387
refuzeh Giieu 2/2 6"2
resTdan Er 1/12 6
resk Erek/129
rezTm .Reg 1/387
rezmeh iR.z.m/397
rezq Leuk/282
rTdan Er 2/22 6"
ng Raika/385
ng Er 2/226"
rim Er 1/126
MS 1 iRei 2/389
MS 2 Uroiks/491
rTseh Uroiks/491
nsTdan iRei 2/389
nsk Sek/4 08
nstan iRei 2/389
Ntm Ser 2/425
MV Leip/2 78
nvand Eres 2/230
nxtan Leigh 2/277
rTyal iReg 1/387
nz2 iRei 2/389
rTzeh iRei 2/389
-roba Leup/283
robb R.b.b/385
robudan Leup/283
roftan Raup/385
rofu iR.f".a'/395
rog Reug/394
rogan Reughmen/394
romatTsm Ser 2/425
ronas Reudh 1/394
rosan Leuk/282
720
Persian
R - S
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Rostam
Leudh/281
safsateh
Sophos/434
sarrfa
S.m. 'a/430
Tenk/473
sag
Kwon/2 68
saman
Klem/239
rownaq
Leudh/281
sagak
Kakis/206
samanda
Nei 1/325
sagal
Srgala/443
Salamandra /399
rowsan
Ksei 2/249
sagerd
Kwer/2 62
Samarqand
rowzeh
Leudh/281
Sekw/410
Gwhen 1/184
Ser 1/415
sagzT
Saka/399
samavar
Sem 1/412
royal
Reg 1/387
sah
Ksei 1/248
Wer 5/517
roz
Wrdho/52 6
sah-esperam
sambol
Sem 1/412
rud
Ser 1/415
Spereg/438
samfonT
Bha 2/50
rud-bar
Ser 1/415
sahTn
Kei 1/217
Sem 1/412
rudeh
Reuto/395
sahm
Tres/483
sampayn
Kam 2/207
runTk
Leudh/281
sahr
Ksei 1/248
sampozTyom
Nei 1/325
sahra
S.h.r/420
P6 2/374
rusta
Leudh/281
sahrdar
Ksei 1/248
Sem 1/412
ruy 1
Leudh/281
SahrTvar
Wei 1/509
sams
S.m.s/431
ruy 2
Reudh 1/394
sahnvar
Ksei 1/248
samsTr
Sfsyr/419
ruy-Tdan
Leudh/281
saj
Sakah/399
Samson
S.m.s/431
ruz
Leuk/282
sajed
Masgda/292
samt
Mei 3/297
ruz
Reudh 1/394
saka
Saka/399
Sarrfun
S.m. 'a/430
rzan
Algwh/20
sakaroz
Korka/243
san
Gwhen 1/182
sakTb
Skaif/421
sarfat
S.n. "a/431
s
sakTbTdan
Skaif/421
sanbeh
Sabatu/398
SakTneh
K.w.n/266
sandaf
Deru 1 /91
sab
Kwsep/2 69
sal
Kel 1/220
Gwhen 1/182
saban
Pek/357
sal 1
Skel 1/423
sandal
Kand 1/209
sabdTz
Kwsep/2 69
sal 1
Savala/401
sandal?
Kand 1/209
sabestan
Kwsep/2 69
sal 2
Salla/400
sandarus
Kand 1/209
sabok
Trep 1/482
sal 2
Savala/401
saneh
Kes 2/231
sabt
Sabatu/398
salam
S.l.m/429
sang
Ak/12
sabun
Seip/4 07
salang
Savala/401
sangabTI
Ker 1/22 6
sad
Dekm/85
salt
Sali/399
sangarf
sad
Kweye/2 66
salTb
Saliba/400
Si
nkadrus/ 420
sadman
Men 1/301
salTdan
Salla/400
sanj
Geu 1/147
safal
Kapho/211
salTzar
Sali/399
Keg/ 21 7
saffaf
S.f.f/419
salpuy
Skel 1/423
sanjes
Ak/12
saffneh
Ghei 2/154
saltuk
Sali/399
sanjTdan
Ak/12
safra
S.f.r/419
salvar
Skel 1/423
sansknt
Kwer/2 63
safs
Kiph/237
sam
Kei 1/217
sansor
Kens/225
safsahang Kiph/237
sam
Kwsep/2 69
santTmetr
Dekm/85
721
Persian
s - s
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
santur
Pol /375
sefr
Keu 2/232
seporz
Spelgh/437
sanzdah
Dekm/84
segal
Sek/409
sepuxtan
Peuk/372
saqarlat
Sekw/410
seh
Trei/481
Peuk/372
sar
Kad 1/202
sejel
Sekw/410
sepuz-gar
Peuk/372
Sper/437
sek
Seiku/407
seraj
Cirag/75
sara
Ter 1/474
sekaftan
Sek/408
seramTc
Ker 5/228
sarab
S.r.b/442
sekar
Dhogh/104
serat
Ster 1/449
sarbat
S.r.b/442
sekar
Ambhi/21
seresk
Sresk/442
sard
Kel 1/220
sekar
Korka/243
serest
Klis/241
sardeh
Kerd 2/229
sekar
Kwer/2 62
serestan
Klis/241
sargin
Sek/408
sekar ahanj
sergin
Sek/408
sandan
Gwhder/181
Dhogh/104
sen
Ser 3/416
sarm
Kormo/243
sekaru
Dhogh/104
sens
Klis/241
sarq
Cirag/75
sekastan
Sek/408
serom
Ser 1/414
sarraf
Sarapu/400
seklah
Kak 2/205
ses
Sweks/4 60
sarun
Ker 1/22 6
sekuba
Epi/125
setabr
Stebh/446
sarv
Surmenu/458
Spek/436
setadan
Stai 1/445
sarva
Kleu 1/240
selang
Skel 1/423
setaftan
Ambhi/21
sarvestan
semat
W.s.m/527
Tep/4 73
Surmenu/458
sement
Skhai/427
setak
Sta/444
sas
Kies/237
semordan
Mer 1/304
setam
Sta/444
sasta
Kas 2/214
sena
Sen 1/413
se-tar
Trei/481
satarvan
Ster 4/451
sena
Sna/431
setareh
Ster 2/450
satl
Se 3/404
senarTo
Skai/421
setayTdan
satrang
Ang/2 6
senator
Sen 1/413
Steu 1/451
satrap
Ksei 1/248
senaxtan
Gno/168
setMdan
Steig/448
savar
Ekwos/121
senTdan
Kleu 1/240
setTz
Steig/448
sax
Kak 2/205
senj
Keg/ 21 7
setonbeh
Stebh/446
saxann
Korka/243
sepah
Kwon/2 68
sey'
Say'/403
saxt
Kak 1/204
sepahbod
Kwon/2 68
seyda
Sedu/406
saxtan
Ak/12
sepanj
Spongo /441
seytan
Sedu/406
saxtan
Kak 1/204
separ
Sphel/439
sezar
Skhai/427
sayeh
Skai/421
separdan
Spher/440
sezTdan
Kak 1/204
sayestan
Ksei 1/248
Ud 1/486
shur-ba
Kes 2/231
sayf
Kiph/237
sepan
Spher/44
sTb
Ksip/251
sayTdan
Ak/13
sepas
Spek/436
Ksip/251
saypur
Sypwr/4 63
sepehr
Kuei/254
sTba
Swei/459
sedr
Q. t.r/382
Spher/44
sTbTdan
Ksip/251
seflTs
Bhili/66
sepes
Spis/441
sTd
Ksei 2/249
Su 2/457
sepTd
Kuei/254
sTfTITs
Bhili/66
722
Persian
S - T
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
sTflTs
Su 2/457
sodyom
S.d.aV403
Kens/225
sTftan
Ksip/251
soffeh
Soffeh/433
soya Chiang-yu/75
sTj
Tiegu/479
soft
Kup 1/256
spar
Sphel/439
sTIandr
Skel 1/423
softan
Keu 2/232
- stan
Sta/444
sTIT
Sek/409
sogal
Srgala/443
su
Teub/478
sTm 1
Kern 1/223
sogand
Keuk 1/235
sud
Sav 1/401
sTm 2
Ne 1/322
sogor
Sukurna/458
sudan
Sek/408
Sema/413
Sohrvard
Keuk 1/235
suk
Keuk 1/235
sTm 3
Sema/413
sohrvard
Wrdho/52 6
Ku 2/254
sTm 4
Sema/413
sojud
Masgda/292
sulak
Sulaka/458
sTma
Dheye/102
sokuh
Keu 3/233
sup
Seu 2/418
sTmT
Gheu 1/162
som
Kapho/211
super
Upo/490
sTmT
Kers 2/230
soma
Yu/538
suq
Teub/478
sTmorg
Kei 1/217
somak
Summaq/458
suqT
Teub/478
Merega/306
somaq
Summaq/458
sur
Keu 4/234
sTnema
Kei 2/218
somaq-pala
sur
Kes 2/231
sTr
Srira/443
Summaq/458
surax
Keu 2/232
sTr 1
Ksiro/252
sombeh
Keu 2/232
surna
Keu 4/234
sTr2
Ksei 1/248
somTz
Kern 2/223
surnay
Nedo/324
sTr-o-sekar
sonbeh
Keu 2/232
susan
Sosen/435
Ksiro/252
sonbTdan
Keu 2/232
susu
Chou-shu/75
sTskabab
Cixa/76
sonuseh
Skeu 1/425
sux
Skaivos/421
sTslTk
Cixa/76
soradeq
Ter 1/474
suxtan
Keuk 1/235
sTstan
Saka/399
sorb
Sru 3/443
suy
Kseud/250
§Tva
Kei 4/219
sorfeh
Ker 3/22 7
suzan
Ku 2/254
sTva
Swei/459
soma
Nedo/324
sTvan
Xsi 1/529
soru
Ker 1/22 6
T
six
Cixa/76
sorun
Klou-ni/242
sTyah
Kei 1/217
sorush
Kleu 1/240
tab
Tep/4 73
sTyahgus
Kei 1/217
sorx
Keuk 1/235
tabah
Steu 2/452
STyamak
Kei 1/217
SOS
Kwes/2 64
tabestan
Sta/444
STyavas
Eres 1/130
soso
Chou-shu/75
Tep/4 73
Kei 1/217
sostan
Kseud/250
tabTdan
Ten 1/471
sTzdah
Dekm/84
sotorg
Sta/444
Tep/4 73
skureh
Skeu 2/425
sotuh
Teu 1/477
tabl
Taburak/ 4 64
snavar
Sai 2/398
Ud 1/486
taburak
Taburak/ 4 64
snehr
Sneigwh/432
sotun
Sta/444
tadvTn
Dub/ 111
soda
S.d.aV403
sotur
Teu 1/477
tah
Teus/478
soda'
S.d.aV403
sowr
Teu 1/477
Tahamtan Ten 1/472
sod an
Kei 2/218
soxan
Kas 2/214
tahamtar
Tenk/473
723
Persian
T - U
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
tahT
Teus/478
tarh
T.r.h/483
tTtu
Titi/480
Tahmasb
Ekwos/121
tarTn
Ter 1/474
to
Tu/483
Teu 1/477
tarjom
Ragamu/384
tof
Spyeu/441
Tahmuras
Tenk/473
tarjomeh
Ragamu/384
tofang
Spyeu/441
Tahmures
Wei 2/511
tarsa
Tres/483
ton
Ten 1/472
taj
Steg/447
tarsTdan
Tres/483
tonbak
Dumb/ 112
tajar
Steg/447
tartTr Tartaros/466
Taburak/464
TajTk
Steg/447
tarxun
Derk/90
tond
Teu 1/477
taj-var
Steg/447
tas
Tex/4 79
tondar
Ten 2/472
takaddT
Gwhedh/182
tast
Tex/4 79
tonekeh
Kitu/238
takTdan
Teku 1/468
tatar
Tata/467
Ten 1/472
takvTn
K.w.n/266
tavan
Teu 1/477
tome
Kitu/238
talar
Til/ 4 65
tavosT
Tokei/481
tonok
Ten 1/472
Talk
Talk/ 4 65
tavus
Tokei/481
torb
Tulupos/484
talk
Talk/ 4 65
taxs
Teku 1/4 68
tord
Tuardo/484
talq
Talk/ 4 65
taxtan
Teku 1/4 68
tork
Tu-kue/484
talx
Taxi/ 4 67
taxteh
Tex/4 79
torob
Tulupos/484
talx-sakuk
Taxi/ 4 67
tayer
Steg/447
toros
Ster 3/450
tarn
Tem/470
tazarv
Teter/476
torrahat
Ret/392
tan
Ten 1/472
tazT
Steg/447
tors
Ster 3/450
tanbaku
Tabaco/464
tazTdan
Teku 1/4 68
tow'am
W.a* .m/495
tanbur :
Vaburak/464
tazvTr
Ghuel/166
tow'aman
tang
Isto/197
teknTk
Tex/4 79
W.a* .m/495
Tenk/473
telefon
Bha 2/50
toxm
Teu 1/477
tangstan
Stei/447
telesm
Kwel/2 61
tozTdan
Kwei 2/259
tanTdan
Ten 1/472
televTzion
We id/504
traffc
F.r.q/135
tanjTdan
Tenk/473
tern
Dhe 2/95
transit
Ei/118
tanur
Tanur/ '4 66
tents
Ten 1/472
tu
Teub/478
tapTdan
Tep/4 73
tesneh
Ters/476
tubreh
Teu 1/477
tar
Ten 1/471
tez
Dhe 2/95
tudeh
Gwou/187
tar 1
Ter 1/474
tezar
Skhai/427
tufan
Dheu 2/100
tar 2
Ten 1/471
tTfoTd
Dheu 2/100
tuleh
Ten 1/471
taraneh
Ten 1/471
tTfus
Dheu 2/100
tulf
Terp/4 75
tarasTdan
Tex/4 79
tTm
Deuk/92
tup
Stewe/452
taraxom
Dher 2/99
Tien/480
turah
Ten 1/471
taraz
Ag/5
tTr
Steig/448
Tel/4 69
tTr-kas
Kenk 1/224
u
tarazu
Ag/5
Steig/448
Tel/4 69
tTroTd
Dhwer/106
ud
Agaruh/6
taVefeh
A' .r.f/33
tTseh
Tex/4 79
UreTI
Layh/2 73
724
Persian
u - x
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
UrmTyeh
Yarah/532
varun
Apo/29
vodka
Wed/ 4 98
UrsalTm
S.l.m/429
Ardha/33
vol
Wrdho/52 6
Yarah/532
varz
Werg 1/519
voraz
Varaza/492
urvar
Bheu 3/64
varzav
varzes 1
Werg 1/519
Werg 1/519
vozu
Asu /36
V
varzTdan
vasm
Werg 1/519
W.s.m/527
X
va
I 2/195
vasmeh
W.s.m/527
xab
Swep/4 62
va
Pekw/358
vastar
Wes 4/521
xadang
Xalen/529
vacar
Kwer/2 63
vastriyus
Wes 4/521
xadieve
Ghu 1/165
Wi/523
vaxsur
Wekw/508
xadTv
Ai w/1 1
vacargar
Wi/523
vay
Aw/43
xafj
Swep/4 62
vad
Bata/46
Wai/495
xaftan
Kaftan/203
vahram
Wer 3/516
vaz
Wekw/508
xahar
Seu 1/417
vak
Wekw/508
vazag
Wego/501
xaj
Khac/235
vaks
Weg 1/499
vazageh
Wego/501
xajeh
Ai w/1 1
val
Wrdho/52 6
vazeh
Wekw/508
Ghu 1/165
vala
Ered/128
vazelTn
Wed/ 4 97
xak
Xak/528
valaneh
Wei 2/510
vazgan
Wekw/508
xakestar
Ster 1/449
valaneh
Wei 2/510
vazTdan
Wegh/501
xalang
Kulanja/255
valguneh
Wrdho/52 6
vazTr
Kwer/2 63
xalanj
Kulanja/255
vam
Ap 2/28
Wi/523
xale-ban
Swer/4 62
van
Wen/512
vel
Wrdho/52 6
xaleh
Swer/4 62
vang 1
Eu 1/132
Venezuela Wen/ 513
xalTdan
Swer/4 62
vang 2
Wekw/508
VenTz
Wen/ 513
xam
Kara 2/207
var
Wer 1/514
Venus
Wen/513
xamus
Mer 3/306
var 1
Wer 3/516
vermTsel
Wer 2/515
xan
Khan/236
var 2
Wei 3/511
vTda
We id/504
Xvaini/530
var 3
Wei 3/511
vTdTyo
We id/504
xandan
Swen/4 61
-vard
Kwer/2 62
vTIa
Weik 2/506
xandaq
Gwhen 1/183
vard
Wrdho/52 6
vTn
Woin/525
xaneh
Gwhen 1/183
vardaneh
Wer 2/514
vTr
Wei 2/503
xam
Gwhen 1/183
vardTj
Wed/ 4 97
vTrastan
Ar/31
xanTdan
Swen/4 61
vares
Wei 2/510
Wi/523
xanom
Umm/488
varg
Wer 2/515
vTrus
Weis/507
xar
Kar 1/212
vargeneh
vTs
Aw/43
xar 1
Eter/132
Gwhen 2/185
vTskT
Wed/ 4 98
xar 2
Kar 1/212
Weren/518
vTtamTn
Gwei/175
xara
Kar 1/212
vanzeh
Urigh/490
vTxtan
Weik 1/505
xaramTdan Kram/245
varj
Algwh/20
vTzTt
We id/504
Xarazm
Ghdhem/150
725
Persian
X - Y
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Su 1/455
XTvaq
Ghdhem/150
xosu
Kleu 1/240
XarazmT
Ghdhem/150
Su 1/455
xotan
Khitan/236
Su 1/455
XTveh
Ghdhem/150
xoy
Sweid/4 60
xarcang
Kar 1/212
Su 1/455
xu
Seu 1/417
xandan
Kar 1/212
xTyal
Ghel/156
xub
Op/ 34 4
xandan
Kwri/2 69
xod
Seu 1/417
Su 1/454
xasan
Ksei 2/249
Xoda
Ai w/1 1
xud
Skeu 2/425
Ne 1/321
Ghu 1/165
xuk
Sek/409
Xasayar
Eres 1/130
Seu 1/417
Su 2/457
xasayar
Ksei 1/248
xoftak
Swep/4 62
xun
Wes 1/520
xasTdan
Kes 2/231
xoftan
Swep/4 62
xwar
Wer 6/517
xasTsar
Ksei 2/249
xojasteh
Gwhedh/182
xasm
Eis 1/119
Su 1/454
Y
xastan
Suig/457
xom
Geu 1/147
Swad/459
xonya
Su 1/454
ya
I 2/195
xastan
Xad/528
Wekw/508
yabTdan
Ap 2/28
xasteh
Xad/528
xor
Sawel/402
yad
Y em/ 534
xastu
Ost/346
xorangah
Swel 1/4 61
yaftan
Ap 2/28
xastu
Steu 1/451
xorasan
Sawel/402
Yahya
H.n.n/191
xavar[an]
Sawel/402
xord
Ksudros/252
yak
I 2/195
xavarnag
Swel 1/4 61
Xordad
Sol/434
yakand
xavTyar
Aw/43
xordan
Swel 1/4 61
Hyak
inthos/193
Bher 1/58
xoreh
Swer/4 62
Yaman
Y.m.n/537
xay
Sweid/4 60
xores
Swel 1/461
Ya'qub
A' .q.b/30
xayeh
Aw/43
xorram
Rem/ 3 90
yaqut
xayTdan
Khad/235
Su 1/454
Hyak
inthos/193
xeng
Ghengh/157
xorsand
Au 2/39
yaseh
Ya/531
xerad
Kar 1/212
Sed/405
yasm
Yasfa/532
xerafstar
Kwer/2 63
xorsTd
Ksei 2/249
yasna
Yag/531
xers
Rk-tho/396
Sawel/402
yavar Ya
varena/532
xerxereh
Gwer 3/180
xorus
Ker 3/22 7
yax
Eis 2/120
xesm
Eis 1/119
xorusTdan
Ker 3/22 7
yazdah
Dekm/84
xest 1
Aidh/9
xosk
Saus/401
yazdah
I 2/195
xest 2
Eres 2/131
xosnud
Kes 2/231
Yazdgerd
Kwer/2 62
xeyu
Sweid/4 60
Su 1/454
Yag/531
xTm
Haem/189
xosor
Kleu 1/240
yek
I 2/195
xTs 1
Pa/349
Su 1/454
yomn
Y.m.n/537
Seu 1/417
xosrow
Kleu 1/240
yon
Ei/119
xTs2
Oies/342
Su 1/454
yug
Yeu 1/535
xTskar
Oies/342
xost
Svas/459
Yuhanna
H.n.n/191
72(
Persian
Y - Z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
yunan
H.n.n/191
zang
Ghengh/157
zendan
Ghei 2/154
yuspalang Prs/377
zanjebTI
Ker 1/22 6
zendegT
Gwei/175
yuz
Yeu 3/536
zanjTr
Ghei 2/154
zenhar
Dher 1/98
yuzTdan
Yeu 3/536
zanu
Genu 1/142
Ghei 2/154
yuzpalang Yeu 3/536
ZanvTyeh
Ei/119
zenudan
Neu/333
zaq
Ghaido/148
zeolyt
Yes/534
z
zaq-dan
Ghaido/148
zereh
Ghlad/163
zar 1
Ger 2/144
zerseh
Skhai/427
zabad
Z.b.d/540
zar 1
Ghel/155
zest
Gheis/155
zabad
Z.b.d/540
zar 2
Ger 2/144
Isto/197
zaban
Dinghw/107
zar 2
Ger 4/145
zTb
Zay/539
zad
Gwhen 2/185
Kwel/2 60
zTbaq
Gwei/175
zadan
Gene 1/141
zard
Ghel/155
zTbTdan
Zay/539
zadan
Gwhen 2/185
zardak
Ghel/155
zTlet
Ijlak/196
zafar
Geph/142
zarf
Gwebh 1/174
zimnastTk
Nogw/339
za'faran
S.f.r/419
zargun
Geu 1/14 6
zTn
Ghei 2/154
zag
Wag 2/495
Ghel/155
zTr
En/124
zagan
Gan/137
zarnTx
Ghel/155
Sekw/410
zahab
Ab 1/1
zarrad
Ghlad/163
zTrak
Gwei/175
Ous 2/348
zarrafeh
zTreh
Ger 2/144
Ud 1/486
Zarafah/539
zTstan
Gwei/175
zahr
Gwhen 2/185
Zartost
Ger 2/144
zTvar
Zay/539
zahreh
Ghel/155
Wes 1/520
zTyan
Gweie/176
zaTdan
Gene 1/141
zarvan
Ger 2/144
zobdeh
Z.b.d/540
zak
A' .q.b/30
zav
Geu 2/147
zodudan
Dheu 3 /1 01
ZakarTya
Z.k.r/541
zavar
Geu 2/147
zogal
Dhogh/104
zakTdan
Wag 2/495
zawr
Gheu 1/162
zomorrod
B.r.q/71
zal
Ger 2/144
zaxm
Gwes/181
zonnar
Yds/538
zaleh
Gheled/156
zaxmeh
Gwes/181
zornal
Dei/81
zaITI
D. 1.1/108
zaz
Wag 2/495
zos
Zausa/539
zam
Ghei 1/153
zeft Sphallein/439
zowj
Yeu 1/535
zaman
Gwa/1 72
zeh 1
Gwhi/186
zowraq
Gaulos/138
zamhanr
zeh2
Ous 2/348
zowraqT
Gaulos/138
Ghei 1/153
Ud 1/486
zrah
Glei/167
zamm
Ghdhem/150
zehdan
Ous 2/348
zud
Geu 2/147
zan
Gwen 1/178
Ud 1/486
zup
J.b.b/198
zanax
Genu 2/142
zekr
Z.k.r/541
zur 1
Geu 2/147
zanbur
D.b.r/80
zemestan
zur2
Ghuel/166
Zand
Gno/168
Ghei 1/153
zuz
Ang/2 6
zandTq
Gno/168
zena
Z.n.y/541
Dus/113
727
Persian (Old)
A - A
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Persian (Old)
Epi/125
apa-dana
Apo/29
airyanam-
vaezo
apa-gaudaya
A
Al 1/15
Gheugh/1 63
aita
I 2/195
apa-had
Apo/29
a- 2
Ne 1/321
aitiy
Ei/118
apa-jan
Gwhen 2/185
a- 2
Ne 1/321
aiva
I 2/195
apa-namaiti
ab
Ap 2/28
aiva-ciy
I 2/195
Nem 2/329
Aba
Aba/4
Kwo/2 67
apa-nyaka
Apo/29
aba-cari
Aba/4
aivaka
I 2/195
Nyaka/341
a-bar
Bher 1/59
aiwi-gaiti
Gwa/1 73
apa-ra
Apo/29
abi
Ambhi/21
aiwi-grad-
mahi
aparsam
abi-af
Ap 2/28
Gredh/1 69
Perk 1 /368
abi-ap
Ap 2/28
aiwis-kar
Kwer/2 62
apa-taram
Apo/29
abi-dasta
Ghesto/161
a-karana
Ne 1/321
apa-vasta
Wes 3/521
abi-javaya
Geu 2/147
Sker 1/424
ap-avaya
Aw/43
abis
Ambhi/21
a-ma
Me 2/293
apa-xsad-
a Xsad/529
abiy
Ambhi/21
amaxam
Ne 2/322
apaya
Epi/125
adam
Eg/ 118
amiy
Es 2/131
apayeiti
Ap 2/28
adhi-vaina
Dheye/102
a-muntha
Meug/308
ape
Epi/125
adi
En/124
a-mutha
Meug/308
apiy
Epi/125
adi-sta
En/124
a-muyamno Ne 1/321
ar
Er 1/126
Sta/444
an-
Ne 1/321
aradra
Ar/31
adi-var
En/124
ana
An 3/25
aran
Al 1/15
a-dsta
Ghesto/161
an-ahita
Ne 1/321
arasni
El 3 /122
adyi
En/124
an-aosa
Ne 1/321
arata
Ar/31
aesmo
Aidh/9
an-tar
En/124
a-raw
Leu/280
aeta
I 2/195
antara
En/124
arda-
Arg/34
aeva
I 2/195
an-tare
En/124
arda-stana Arg/34
aeva
I 2/195
anu
An 3/25
ardata
Arg/34
aeva-dasa
Dekm/84
anu-i
An 3/25
Ardha
Ardha/33
I 2/195
an-usant
Ne 1/321
ardu
Reg 1/387
aeva-data
I 2/195
anuv
An 3/25
areta
Ar/31
af
Ap 2/28
anya
An 2/24
aria
Al 1/15
a-gaud
Gheugh/1 63
aok
Wegwh/502
arika
Ens/125
aguru
Agurru/7
aora
Au 2/39
arjana
Algwh/20
ahrika
Ens/125
ap 1
Ap 2/28
arsan
Eres 1/130
aimya
An 2/24
ap2
Apo/29
arsan-aspa
aina
I 2/195
apa
Apo/29
Eres 1/130
aipi
Epi/125
apa-ardha
Apo/29
arsta
Reg 1/387
aipi-areta
Ar/31
Ardha/33
arsti
Eres 2/131
72S
Persian (Old)
A -
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
arsti-bara
au-saudThtwei
Bardiya
Bhergh/62
Eres 2/131
Keu 3/233
barsan
Bhergh/62
arta2
Ar/31
ava 1
Au 2/39
basta
Bhendh/57
arta-aran
Ar/31
ava 2
I 2/195
Batiaxe
Batiaxe/ '47
arta-pa
Ar/31
a-vac
Wekw/508
baud-a
Bheudh/65
art-aran
Al 1/15
ava-hya
So/433
baug
Bheug/65
arta-xsathra
Ar/31
ava-jan
Gwhen 2/185
bav
Bheu 3/64
a-ru-ta
Leu/280
ava-pat
Pet 1/370
bax-ta
Bhag/51
as 1
Ak/12
avara
Au 2/39
baxto-data Bhag/51
as 2
Neku/328
ava-rad
Redh/386
bisazka
Bha 2/50
asa
Ak/13
ava-sta
Sta/444
braij
Bher 2/59
asa
Neku/328
avaya
Aw/43
braz
Bhergh/62
asa-daru Deru 1 /91
awa
So/433
brTzi
Urigh/490
asam
Ak/13
a warn
So/433
bum?
Bheu 3/64
asan
Ak/12
a-xsae-na Ne 1/321
bumT-mathan
Ak/12
ay
Ei/118
Bheu 3/64
asenga
Ak/12
aya
Leu/280
busyant
Bheu 3/64
as-man
Ak/12
a-zar
Gher 1/158
busyeity
Bheu 3/64
as-mana
Ak/12
azara
Gher 1/158
buta
Bheu 3/64
aspa-canah
Ka 1/201
a-zarema
-dugeda
ast
Ost/346
Ger 2/144
c
asta 3
Okto/342
Ne 1/321
asta-dasa
Okto/342
a-zasta
Gwhedh/182
ca
Kwe/258
asta-iti
Dekm/84
azda
Me 2/294
ca
Kwe/258
astaiti
Okto/342
azem
Eg/ 118
cah-man
Tres/483
a-stana
Sta/444
Cairya
Cirya/76
astati
Okto/342
B
cakra
Kwel/2 60
astra2 Eres 2/131
cam
Kara 2/207
a-sur
Ne 1/321
baesaza
Bha 2/50
canah
Ka 1/201
a-sya Kweye/266
baga
Bhag/51
capu-ka
Trep 1/482
athagaina
Ak/12
baga
Bhag/51
Carya
Cirya/76
athanga
Ak/12
baga-buxsa Bheug/65
cat
Gwhen 1/183
athangaina
Ak/12
Balut
Balut/46
cath-man
Tres/483
athur-pat-ga
n Pa/349
bandaka
Bhendh/57
catvare-sat Dekm/84
ati
Eti/132
baodhi
Bheudh/65
caune
Keu 4/234
auruma
Er 1/126
baoidi
Bheudh/65
caxra
Kwel/2 60
aurva
Er 1/126
bar
Bher 1/58
caxra
Kwel/2 60
aurvant
Er 1/126
Bher 1/59
ci
Skhai/427
aurvat-aspa
baraiti
Bher 1/58
cifsati
Kap/210
Er 1/126
bard-
Bhergh/62
cinah
Ka 1/201
12[
Persian
(Old)
C - G
WORD
Root/Page
cinman
Ka 1/201
Cirya
Cirya/76
Cirya
Cirya/76
cis-ciy
Kwo/2 67
ciy 1
Kwe/258
ciy2
Kwo/2 67
Cop
Cop/ 7 7
Cop-gan
Cop/ 7 7
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
D
dahyu Dhis/103
daika Dheigh/96
dainhu Dhis/103
dais Dheye/102
dan Gnd/168
dana Gnd/168
Danavo Da 2/79
danaxe Dhe 1 /93
dano Dhe 1 /93
danu Da 2/79
danuva Da 2/79
dao-satara Deu 1/92
dar Dher 1/98
dar2 Dher 1/98
daraniya Ghel/155
daraniya-kara
Ghel/155
darayat-vahu
Dher 1/98
darga Del/86
dars Dhars/93
darsam Dhars/93
daru Deru 1 /91
dasa Dekm/84
dasta Ghesto/161
dasta-karta
Ghesto/161
dausa Deu 1/92
daustar Geus/148
dav2 Dheu 3 /101
daw Dheu 1/99
day Dheye/102
dega-vara Dheigh/96
Wer 3/516
dT Dheye/102
dida Dheigh/96
dipi Dub/111
dr Dher 1/98
drayah Glei/167
du Dheu 3 /101
dura Deu 2/92
durae Deu 2/92
durat Deu 2/92
duruj Dhreugh/105
duva-ista Deu 2/92
duvara Dhwer/106
dvar Dhwer/106
E
ena
I 2/195
fra Per 2/36"4
fra-a-mus Mer 3/306
fra-ardha Ardha/33
fra-bar Bher 1/59
Per 1/364
fra-jan Gwhen 2/185
fra-ma-na Me 2/293
fra-namaiti
Nem 2/329
fra-nay Nei 2/326
frardha Ardha/33
frardha-van
Ardha/33
fra-sa Kwei 2/259
Fra-sanga
Fra-sanga/134
frasta Perk 1 /368
frasta Perk 1 /368
frava Per 1/364
fra-vahr Wer 3/516
fra-var Wer 3/516
fra-varna Wer 3/516
fra-var-tinam
Wer 3/516
fravasi Wer 3/516
fravata Per 1/364
fra-vaxs Wekw/508
fsu-paiti Pa/349
gabawo Gwebh 2/174
gac Gassu/138
gad Gwhedh/182
gaesa Ghait/149
gaesu Ghait/149
gaetha Gwei/175
gaetha-nam Gwei/175
gaitha Gwei/175
gaitha Gwou/187
gam Gwa/1 72
gama Gwa/1 72
gan 1 Gwhen 1/183
Gwhen 1/184
gar Gwer 3/180
garb-ayaiti
Ghrebh/1 64
garma Gwher/186
garma-pada
Gwher/186
gasta Gwedh/1 74
gat Gwa/1 72
gathu Gwa/1 72
gatu-bar Gwa/1 72
gatus Gwa/1 72
gaub Ghu 1/165
730
Persian (Old)
G - K
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
gaud
Gheugh/1 63
ham-tauj
Steu 2/452
mam
I 2/195
gauru-ayeiti
ham-taux
Steu 2/452
sta
Isto/197
Ghrebh/1 64
han-du
Dheu 3 /101
sti
Aidh/9
gav
Gwa/1 72
han-gama
Gwa/1 72
-iti
Dekm/84
gemmons
Gwa/1 73
hangmatana Gwa/1 72
gemton
Gwa/1 73
hapta
Septm/414
J
gerew-aiti
hapta-dasa
Ghrebh/1 64
Septm/414
am
Gwa/1 72
gerewn-aTti
hapta-iti
Dekm/84
amana
Gwa/1 72
Ghrebh/1 64
haptaiti
Septm/414
an
Gwhen 2/185
gerezdi
Gredh/1 69
haraiva
Ser 1/414
antu
Gwa/1 72
ges
Ghait/149
hareva
Ser 1/414
atara
Gwhen 2/185
gesuk
Ghait/149
hasiya
Es 2/131
athra
Gwhen 2/185
gimsenin
Gwa/1 73
hau2
So/433
Tta
Gwei/175
gra
Gredh/1 69
haus
Saus/401
iva
Gwei/175
grab
Ghrebh/1 64
haus-a
Saus/401
utan
Geu 3/148
gratha
Ger 1/143
hauv
So/433
va
Gwei/175
gravatha
Ger 1/143
haxa
Sekw/410
gub
Ghu 1/165
haxa-manis
K
Men 1/301
H
Sekw/410
ka 1
Kwo/2 67
hazana
Dinghw/107
ka2
Ka 1/201
ha 1
Sem 1/412
hend
Sy and/ 463
<ai
Skhai/427
ha 2
So/433
hendT
Sy and/ 463
kai-gi
Kwo/267
haca
Sekw/410
hezum
Aidh/9
kam 1
Kwo/2 67
had
Sed/405
hizana
Dinghw/107
kam2
Ka 1/201
ha-da
Sem 1/412
ho
So/433
(ama
Ka 1/201
had-is
Sed/405
hu
Su 1/455
<amna
Kamma/208
haiz
Suig/457
hu-jasta
Gwhedh/182
<amno
Kamma/208
ham
Sem 1/412
hu-jyati
Gwei/175
kan 1
Gwhen 1/183
ha-mazan
huska
Saus/401
Gwhen 1/184
Magh 2/289
hu-ux-tay
Wekw/508
can pa
Kam 2/207
ham-basta Bhendh/57
huvarazm
Ts
<apastay
ham-dais-
a
Ghdhem/150
Kapastay/210
Dheye/102
Su 1/455
<apasti
ham-du
Dheu 3 /1 01
hya
So/433
Kapastay/210
ham-gmat
ana
capautaka
Gwa/1 72
1
Kavuta/215
ham-karta
Sem 1/412
capithe
Kap/210
ham-taug
Steu 2/452
ima
I 2/195
<apul
Kapul/211
731
Persian (Old)
K - N
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
kar 1
Kwer/2 62
maeg
Maghl/288
mithra
Mei 4/297
kar2
Koro/244
magus
Maghl/288
moghu
Maghl/288
kara 1
Kwer/2 62
magus
Maghl/288
mus
Mer 3/306
kara2
Koro/244
mah
Me 2/293
kara-manah
mah-tab
Me 2/293
N
Kwer/2 62
mahya
Me 2/293
Karana
Sker 1/424
maixa
Mei 2/296
na 1
Ne 1/321
karem
Wer 2/515
maiy
Eg/ 118
nada
Nedo/324
kars
Kenk 1/224
man 1
Men 1/301
Naema
Naema/ 31 7
karsi-ptan Oku/343
man 2
Men 2/303
naf
Nobh/337
Pet 1/370
mana 1
Eg/ 118
nafa
Nobh/337
Karsvar
mana 2
Dem/86
nafah
Nobh/337
Karsvar / '214
manah
Men 1/301
naf 6
Nobh/337
kas
Kak 3/205
manis
Men 1/301
Nagan
Nagan/ 318
kasa
Kenk 1/224
manya
Dem/86
Nagan
Nagan/ 318
kas-ciy
Kwo/2 67
mar
Mer 2/305
nan
Nas/320
kas-ista
Kak 3/205
mard
Mer 2/305
naham
Nas/320
kasu
Kak 3/205
mard-una
Mer 2/305
naiba
Nei 1/325
kas-yah
Kak 3/205
mahya
Mer 2/305
naiy
Ne 1/321
kaufa
Geu 1/14 6
marta
Mer 2/305
naktin
Noktis/339
Kaz
Kaz/ 216
martiya
Mer 2/305
nam
Nem 2/329
Kaz
Kaz/ 216
mas
Mak/290
namaiti
Nem 2/329
kerma
Wer 2/515
masah
Mak/290
naman
Nomn/340
kermi
Wer 2/515
mas-ista
Mak/290
napa
Nepot/330
kirsman
Ker 4/228
mas-ya 2
Mak/290
napat
Nepot/330
krta
Kwer/2 62
mas-yah
Mak/290
naptis
Nepot/330
kupsins
Kup 2/256
math-ista
Mak/290
nard
Neu/333
Ku-ra-as
Sker 1/424
mathi-yah
Meg/295
nath
Nek 1/327
Ku-ras
Sker 1/424
ma-tya
Me 1/292
nau
Na 1/316
Kuraus
Sker 1/424
mayuxa
Mei 2/296
nava-dasa Dekm/84
Kuru
Sker 1/424
maz
Meg/295
nava-iti
Dekm/84
Kurus
Sker 1/424
mazah
Meg/295
navama
Newn/333
mazan
Meg/295
nav-dan
Da 2/79
M
mazant
Meg/295
Na 1/316
Mazaxa
naviya
Na 1/316
ma 1
Me 2/293
Madhaxa/ 287
nay
Nei 2/326
ma 2
Me 1/292
maz-ista
Meg/295
nayeiti
Nei 2/326
Madhaxa
maz-yah
Meg/295
nemah 2
Nem 2/329
Madhaxa/ 2 87
megan
Maghl/288
nemata 1
Nem 2/329
Madika
Madhaxa/ 2 87
merezu-jTta
ni 1
Ni 1/335
Gwei/175
732
Persian (Old)
N - P
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
nT2
Nei 2/326
pa 2
Apo/29
pare-sa i
Perk 1 /368
ni 3
Ne 1/321
pad
Ped/353
pari-bar
Bher 1/59
Nei 1/325
pad
Ped/353
pariy
Per 1/364
ni-az
Ni 1/335
pada
Ped/353
Parni
Parth/352
ni-da
Ni 1/335
padha
Ped/353
Parsa
Parsa/352
ni-gama
Ni 1/335
pairi-vara
Wer 3/516
Parth
Parth/352
nT-gaona
Ni 1/335
pairi-xaezanuha
Parthava
Parth/352
ni-gaosa
Ni 1/335
Suig/457
Partia
Parth/352
nigay
Gei/138
paith
Peig/356
paru
Pel 1/359
ni-gerepto
paiti 1
Pa/349
paruva
Per 1/364
Ghrebh/1 64
paiti 2
Per 3/366
paru-zana
Pel 1/359
ni-had
Ni 1/335
paitT 3
Per 3/366
Wer 3/516
Sed/405
paiti-aok
Wegwh/502
pasa
Apo/30
nij
Nis/ 33 6
paiti-ar
Per 3/367
pasca
Apo/30
ni-jama
Gwa/1 73
paiti-dama
Pa/349
pasca
Apo/30
ni-jan
Gwhen 2/185
paiti-grab
Ghrebh/1 64
paskat
Apo/30
Ni 1/335
Per 3/367
pasto
Wes 3/521
ni-kan
Gwhen 1/184
paiti-jathra
pat
Pet 1/370
ni-kasa
Ni 1/335
Gwhen 2/185
path
Pent/ 3 62
ni-ma
Ni 1/335
Per 3/367
patha
Pent/ 3 62
ni-pais
Ni 1/335
paiti-kara
Kwer/2 62
pathi
Pent/ 3 62
Peig/356
paiti-kara
Kwer/2 62
pathra
Pa/349
ni-paith
Peig/356
paiti-sahva
pati
Per 3/366
ni-part
Ni 1/335
Kas 2/214
pati-a-bar
Bher 1/59
nis
Nis/ 33 6
paiti-vara
Wer 3/516
pati-ara
Er 1/126
nis-bar
Nis/ 33 6
paiti-xsathra Pa/349
Per 3/367
ni-shidhaiti Ni 1/335
paity-ara
Er 1/126
pati-baus
Bheudh/65
ni-sta
Sta/444
Per 3/367
pati-grab
Per 3/367
nista
Sta/444
pana
Pa/349
pati-jan (
Swhen 2/185
ni-us-tavah Ne 1/321
pa-nah
Na 2/316
pati-kara
Per 3/367
ni-vart
Ni 1/335
Pa/349
pati-natha
Na 2/316
Wer 2/514
pa-natha
Na 2/316
patiy
Pa/349
ni-xsvaepa Ni 1/335
panca-sat
Dekm/84
Per 3/366
nuram
Newo/334
pan-s-dau
Apo/29
paurvata-vac
Nyaka
Nyaka/341
pant
Pent/ 3 62
Wekw/508
Nyaka
Nyaka/341
panta
Pent/ 3 62
pavan
Pa/349
para
Per 1/364
pavasta
Wes 3/521
P
para
Per 1/364
piru
Yb/533
para-bar
Bher 1/59
po
Apo/29
pa 1
Pa/349
parav
Pel 1/359
ptata
Pet 1/370
733
Persian (Old)
P - T
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
puca
queke
P6u/376
Q
Keku/219
R
ra 1
Er 1/126
rad 1
Ar/32
rad2
Redh/386
radh
Redh/386
radiy
Ar/32
Raga
Raga/384
Raga
Raga/384
Raika
Raika/385
ram
Rem/ 390
raodah
Ser 1/415
raodaiti
Ser 1/415
ras 1
Er 1/126
ras2
Redh/386
rasa
Er 1/126
rasta
Reg 1/387
ratha
Ret/392
rau
Leu/280
raucah
Leuk/282
rautah
Ser 1/415
ris 2
Rei 2/389
nz
Rei 2/389
ru
Leu/280
rup
Leup/283
rupa
Leup/283
sa 1
Kwei 2/259
sa3
Kweye/2 66
Sabha
Aba/4
sah 1
Kas 2/214
saiti 1
Dekm/84
saiti 2 Kweye/2 66
saka 1 Saka/399
saka 2 Kwon/2 68
saka-stana Saka/399
sam So/433
san Gwhen 1/182
sang Ak/12
sard Kel 1/220
sas 1 Kas 2/214
sasna Kas 2/214
sasta Kas 2/214
sastar Kas 2/214
sat Dekm/84
saw Kei 2/218
sax Ak/12
saxvan Kas 2/214
sfard Tuardo/484
sim So/433
Sinkadrus
Sinkadrus/420
sipithra Kuei/254
siyaman Sema/413
siyav Kei 2/218
skuba Epi/125
Spek/436
Slaunis Klou-ni/242
spa 1 Kwon/2 68
spada Kwon/2 68
spaka Kwon/2 6"8
sparda Tuardo/484
srad Ter 2/4 74
srada Ter 1/474
sta 1 Sta/444
Sta 1 Sta/444
Sta 1 Sta/444
Sta 3 Stai 2/445
stamb Stebh/44 6
stambaka Stebh/44 6
stan Stai 2/445
stata Sta/444
sti
stuna
stuna
suno
Sta/444
Sta/444
Sta/444
Kwon/2 68
sya 2 Kweye/2 6"6"
syangh Gwhen 1/182
syatT Kweye/2 6"6"
syava-arsan
Eres 1/130
acara
Steg/447
aega
Steig/448
aeza
Steig/448
aiy
Tu/483
aos
Teus/478
ap-stana
Sta/444
ata
Pet 1/370
auma
Teu 1/477
ava
Tu/483
axsa
Teku 1/4 68
hah
Kens/225
haman
Gwa/1 72
hard
Kel 1/220
hatiy
Kens/225
hrah
Tres/483
hrah-man
Tres/483
hras-man
Tres/483
hrayo
Trei/481
hri
Trei/481
hri-dasa
Trei/481
hri-sat
Dekm/84
hrisat
Trei/481
hri-thatra
Trei/481
ti
Dekm/84
igra
Steig/448
igra
Steig/448
igra-xauda
Skeu 2/425
734
Persian (Old)
T - W
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
tri-dasa
Dekm/84
uta
I 2/195
vard
Werg 1/519
tu
Tu/483
uta
I 2/195
vardana
Wer 3/516
turn
Tu/483
u-tana
Su 1/455
varesna
Eres 1/130
tus
Teus/478
uv
Su 1/455
varet
Wer 2/514
tusen
Teus/478
u-vara-zmi
varkana
Wei 2/510
tussya
Teus/478
Ghdhem/150
varnak
Weren/518
tuvam
Tu/483
Su 1/455
vart
Wer 2/514
tvam
Tu/483
uv-aspa
Su 1/455
vas
Wek/507
uv-asstika Su 1/455
vasiy
Wek/507
u
u-vaxstra
Aueg/4
vasna
Wek/507
Su 1/455
vaxs
Aueg/40
u
Su 1/455
uv-nara
Su 1/455
vaxs 1
Wekw/508
u-arstika
Eres 2/131
ux
Wekw/508
vazraka
Weg 2/500
u-barta
Su 1/455
u-xsnav
Su 1/455
ven-am
Dheye/102
u-cara
Su 1/455
uz-davayati
vT2
Wi/523
ud
Ud 1/486
Dheu 3 /101
Wi/524
ud-a-pat-;
ata
uz-du
Dheu 3 /101
vi 3
Wi/523
Pet 1/370
uzma
Ghdhem/150
Wi/524
ud-pat
Pet 1/370
Ud 1/486
vi-jan
Gwhen 2/185
ud-zma
Ghdhem/150
vi-kan
Gwhen 1/184
Ud 1/486
V
vi-nath
Nek 1/327
u-frasta
Su 1/455
visa
Wi/524
uiti
I 2/195
va
I 2/195
vi-saiti
Dekm/84
u-kara
Koro/244
va
I 2/195
vispa
Wi/524
Su 1/455
vacah
Wekw/508
vith
Weik 2/506
u-martiya
Su 1/455
vae
Dheye/102
vitha
Weik 2/506
upa
Upo/489
vaeca
Weik 1/505
vi-vacah
Wekw/508
upa
Upo/489
vaeg
Weik 1/505
viyaxna
Eis 2/120
upa-aitiy
Ei/118
vae-na
Dheye/102
vriz
Urigh/490
upa-ay-a
Ei/118
vaenami
Dheye/102
Vrsa
Vrsa/494
upairi-vara
vahana
Wes 3/521
Vrsna
Vrsa/494
Wer 3/516
vahara
Aus 2/41
Vtra
Gurdos/170
upa-sard
Kel 1/220
vaina
Dheye/102
Vurt
Gurdos/170
u-ratha
Ret/392
vainahiy
Dheye/102
vyaxa
Weik 1/505
Su 1/455
vak
Wekw/508
vyaxman
Weik 1/505
urvara
Bheu 3/64
van
Wen/512
urvinj
Urigh/490
var 6
Wer 3/516
w
uska
Saus/401
vara 2
Wer 3/516
us-tra
Wes 1/520
vara 2
Wer 3/516
wai
Dheye/102
ustra
Wes 1/520
vara-gna
Gwhen 2/185
waig
Weik 1/505
735
Persian (Old)
w - z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
waik
Weik 1/505
xswaip
Ksip/251
zarwan
Ger 2/144
waix
Weik 1/505
xvarazmTs
zasta
Ghesto/161
wak
Wekw/508
Ghdhem/150
zaurva
Ger 2/144
wank
Wekw/508
Su 1/455
zba
Dinghw/107
ward
Ered/128
xvarizem
Ghdhem/150
zem
Ghei 1/153
wars
Wer 2/514
Su 1/455
zimo
Ghei 1/153
wi
Wi/523
xvTsat
Suig/457
zurah
Ghuel/166
Wi/524
zusto
Geus/148
wi-kar
Kwer/2 62
Y
zya 1
Ghei 1/153
wi-ward
Ered/128
zyao
Ghei 1/153
yah 4
Yds/538
X
yahma
Yds/538
yana
H.n.n/191
xaezanu
na Suig/457
yanhaeiti
Yds/538
xan
Gwhen 1/183
yasta
Yds/538
Gwhen 1/184
yauna
H.n.n/191
xaoda
Skeu 2/425
yauviya
Yau/532
xauda
Skeu 2/425
yazato-karteta
xaya
Aw/43
Kwer/2 62
xram
Kr am/245
xrT
Kwri/2 69
z
xsaca
Ksei 1/248
Xsad
Xsad/529
za3
Gwhedh/182
Xsaivan
Xsi 1/529
zadiyamiy
xsa-thra
Ksei 1/248
Gwhedh/182
xsathra
Ksei 1/248
zahr
Ghel/155
xsay
Ksei 1/248
zaidhyem
xsaya-arsan
Gwhedh/182
Eres 1/130
zam
Ghdhem/150
XsT1
Xsi 1/529
zan2
Gnd/168
xsi 2
Ksei 1/248
zana 1
Gene 1/141
xsip
Ksip/251
zana 2
Gnd/168
xsna
Gno/168
zaoso
Geus/148
xsvaepa
Ksip/251
zar 1
Gher 1/158
xsvas
Sweks/4 60
zar2
Ger 2/144
xsvas-dasa Dekm/84
zara 1
Ghel/155
Sweks/4 60
zara-ustra
xsvas-ti
Dekm/84
Ger 2/144
xsvasti
Sweks/4 60
Wes 1/520
xswaif
Ksip/251
zarman
Ger 2/144
131
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Portugese
C - T
WORD Root/Page
Portugese
cable
cumerx
Habl/189
Merk/307
greba Gurb/1 70
M
moncao w.s.m/52 7
tabaco Tabaco/464
teca Sakah/399
tombac Tem/470
737
Russian
A - U
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Russian
assignatsia Sekw/410
B
balalayka Baba/45
borzoy Mregu/312
camadan Yds/538
D
drozki Dhragh 1/105
K
kaftan Kaftan/203
kaljaska Kwel/2 61
koleso Kwel/2 61
tata
tsar
put
Pent/ 3 62
samo-vari Sem 1/412
samo-varitT
Sem 1/412
samo-variti
Wer 5/517
samo-war Sem 1/412
Wer 5/517
Atos/38
Skhai/427
varit Wer 5/517
voda Wed/498
vodka Wed/498
Russian (Old)
U
u-
u-krai
Au 2/39
Au 2/39
13i
Sanskrit
A - G
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Sanskrit
bhagavant-gita
D
Bhag/52
da 4
Do 2/109
A
bha-la
Bhe/53
daman
De 1/80
bhavita
Bhou/67
datar
Do 2/109
a-
Ne 1/321
bhay
Bhoi/67
datra
Da 1/78
Aba
Aba/4
bhT-ma
Bhoi/67
dhaman
Dhe 2/95
adgah
aeta
Ozgho/348
I 2/195
bhu
bhuta
Bheu 3/64
Bheu 3/64
dhan
dhar
dhara
dhav
Dhen/97
Dher 1/98
Da 1/78
Dheu 1/99
a-gar
Gherto/160
bohyah
Bhe/53
Agaruh
Agaruh/ 6
brahman
Bhergh/63
aina
I 2/195
brhant
Bhergh/63
dhav
Dheu 3 /101
aita
I 2/195
budha
Bheudh/65
-akah
Akos/13
budhati
Bheudh/65
dhi
Dheye/102
Amalaka
Amalaka/20
dhyanah
Dheye/102
dT
Dei/81
a-mars
Amlak
Mer 3/306
Amalaka/20
c
dtp
Dei/81
an-
Ne 1/321
cadaiti
Sked 2/422
dTrga
Del/86
ancati
angam
Ang/2 6
Ang/2 6
cakora
cakta
Kau 2/215
Kak 1/204
druna
duhi-tar
Deru 1 /91
Dheugh/101
antarah
An 2/24
cal
Kwel/2 60
Ter 1/474
camati
Kwen 2/2 62
E
araeka
Er 1/126
camati
Kwen 2/2 62
ari
Er 1/126
candrah-
raga
ena
I 2/195
arika
Er 1/126
Kand 1/209
Arya
Al 1/15
carah
Sper/437
G
astau
Okto/342
cattra
Sked 2/422
asti
Es 2/131
catur-anga Ang/2 6
ga
Gei/138
asu
An 1/24
Kwetwer/265
gahate
Gwadh/1 73
asura
An 1/24
caxa
Kak 2/205
gana
Gwhen 1/182
asva-tara
Ekwos/121
Cexara
Cixa/76
gar
Gherto/160
cipha
Kiph/237
gargarah
Gwer 3/180
B
Ctxa
Cixa/76
gauh
Gwou/187
Cixa
Cixa/76
gayatT
Gei/138
bahis
Bhe/53
cod at?
Skeud 1/426
ghat
Gher 3/159
Belur
Velur/494
cokah
Keku/219
ghukah
Ghuk/166
bhaga
Bhag/52
Crgala
Srgala/443
glau-h
Gel/139
bhaga-dhara Bhag/52
crT
Klis/241
glav
Gel/139
Dher 1/98
cvitra
Kuei/254
gna
Gwen 1/178
bhagavant-gita
goh
Gwou/187
Gei/138
gop
Gwou/187
735
Sanskrit
G - M
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
gopa
Gwou/187
jarate
Ger 4/145
krsna
Ker 4/228
go-pa-h
Gwou/187
jas
Gwes/181
ksa
Gwhder/181
6orah Ghou-ro-s/164
jihva
Dinghw/107
ksiptam
Ksip/251
Gotra
Gotra/169
jTrna
Ger 2/144
ksTra
Ksiro/252
granth
Ger 1/143
ksudrah
Ksudros/252
grath
Ger 1/143
K
Kulanja
Kulanja/255
guhati
Gheugh/1 63
kunce
Kung/255
gula
Gel/139
Kaca
Kuatos/254
kundruka
guna
Gwen 1/178
kaca
Xac 1/528
Kand 1/209
gunj
Gang/ 137
kalama
Kolemos/242
kunthah
Kund/255
kalasah
Kel 5/222
kutsa
Keued/234
H
kan
Gwen 1/178
kandana
Kand 1/209
L
hamsTh
Ghans/149
kandrak
Kand 1/209
hanu
Genu 2/142
kankarta
Kar 1/212
lac
Reg 3/388
hara
Ser 3/416
kankatih
Kar 1/212
lak
Alek/19
hastah
Ghesto/161
kanya
Gwen 1/178
laksa
Alek/19
hima
Ghei 1/153
kapT
Kup 2/256
laksa
Reg 3/388
hima-alaya
kapi
Kup 2/256
laktakah
Lek/2 79
Ghei 1/153
kapila
Kup 2/256
langah
Longos/284
hingu
Embhi/123
kapota
Kavuta/215
layah
Lei/ 27 5
hu
Dinghw/107
kara
Kur/257
lekha
Rei 2/389
hva
Dinghw/107
karkarah
Kar 1/212
liksa
Erek/129
karkatah
Kar 1/212
Limu
Nimbu/336
I
Karpasah
lop
Leup/283
Karpasah/213
lotan
Leup/283
ima
I 2/195
Karpurah
imam
I 2/195
Karpurah/213
M
Karpurah
J
Karpurah/213
ma
Me 1/292
Katara
Katara/ 214
maccum
Mad/28 7
ja
Gene 1/141
kavT
Keu 3/233
madati
Mad/28 7
jada
Gheled/156
Kram
Kr am/245
maha
Meg/295
jadoo
Ei/118
Kramati
Kr am/245
maha-raja Meg/295
jama
Geme/140
krT
Kwri/2 69
maha-raja Reg 1/387
Jangalah
Krishna
Kers 2/230
mana
Mana/290
Jangalah/198
krmi
Wer 2/515
marakata
B.r.q/71
jangha
Ghengh/157
krmi-ja
Gene 1/141
Masakah
janh
Ghengh/157
Wer 2/515
Masakah/291
jani
Gwen 1/178
krosa
Ker 3/22 7
mastu
Mad/28 7
740
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Sanskrit
M - S
Root/Page
moc Meuk/309
mudra Mura/314
mukti Meug/308
munthate Meug/308
mus Mu/313
muska Mu/313
N
nabh
Nobh/337
nabhi
Nobh/337
nadah
Nedo/324
nakha
Nogh/338
naktam Noktis/339
naktih Noktis/339
nalada Nedo/324
naladam Nedo/324
Namra Namra/318
nana Nana/ 31 9
Naranga
Naranga/319
Narikelah
Narikelah/320
Narikerah
Narikelah/320
nas Nas/320
nasa Nek 1/327
nauti Neu/333
nav Neu/333
navate Neu/333
naxa Nogh/338
Neks Neks/ 32 7
nilah Nei 1/326
nili Nei 1/326
mlotpala Nei 1/326
NTmbu Nimbu/336
nir-vanah Nis/336
We 1/496
paksa
Peg/355
palyanka
Ang/2 6
panca
Penkwe/362
pardaku
Prs/377
pari-ancati Ang/2 6
parsamT
Prs/377
parsu
Perk 2 /369
parsu
Perk 2 /369
parsva
Perk 2 /369
parusah
Pel 2/360
Parvan
Parvan/353
Parvata
Parvan/353
pary-anka Ang/2 6
patah
Pele/361
pati
Po 2/374
patila
Po 2/374
patita
Pet 1/370
pinasti
Pis/ 374
PippalT
Pippali/373
pTstah
Pis/ 374
pra-jan
Gno/168
Per 1/364
pra-mars
Mer 3/306
pra-nac
Nek 1/327
pra-naca
Nek 1/327
pra-rep
Leip/2 78
Pulaka
Pulaka/379
punj-ab
Ab 1/1
R
racana
Rek/390
rad
Er 1/126
radati
Er 1/126
raga
Reg 3/388
raj
Reg 3/388
rak
Alek/19
raksa
Alek/19
raksa
ranga
rasana
rdjyate
rep
res
ricate
Reg 3/388
Reg 3/388
Rek/390
Lang/272
Leip/2 78
Rei 2/389
Rei 2/389
Sabha Aba/4
Sakah Sakah/399
sakala Kak 2/205
saknoti Kak 1/204
sakthi Skeng/423
sakulah Kakis/206
Sali Sali/399
sama Sem 2/413
saman Klem/239
sams-krta Kwer/2 63
sana Sen 1/413
sanu-tar Sen 2/414
sarat Ser 3/416
sarkarah Korki/243
Savala Savala/401
saxa Kak 2/205
siksati Kak 1/204
sincati Seiku/407
Sindhu Sy and/ 463
Sipha Kiph/237
Siva Kei 4/219
skandati Skand/422
slisyamT Klis/241
sphal Sphel/439
splThan Spelgh/437
sramana Klem/239
Srgala Srgala/443
sringa-vera
Ker 1/22 6
srnga Ker 1/22 6
741
Sanskrit
S - Y
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Roo
t/Page
sta
Stai 1/445
u
yastih
Lakti/271
stari
Ster 4/451
ucca
Ud 1/486
yatam
late
ds/196
stayu
Stai 1/445
ucca
Ud 1/486
yavan
Yeu
2/535
stena
sthTvamT
Stai 1/445
Spyeu/441
ustra
Wes 1/520
yoga
yuga
Yeu
Yeu
1/535
1/535
stignoti
Steigh/449
yus
Yeu
3/536
stupa
Stewe/452
V
yuvasah
Yeu
2/535
su
Seu 2/418
Su 1/456
vagnu
Vaidurya
Wag 2/495
Velur/ 4 94
su-asti
Es 2/131
Su 1/456
vaja
Weg 2/500
Sulaka
vana
Wen/512
Sulaka/458
vanTja
Wen/512
sunya
sunyah
Keu 2/232
Keu 2/232
vapati
Wep/513
svad
Swad/459
varj
Wer 2/515
svadati
Swad/459
vasa
vasana
Wes 1/520
Wes 3/521
svasti
Es 2/131
Su 1/456
vasman
Wes 3/521
vasta
Wet/ 52 2
sveta
Kuei/254
Syand
Syand/ 4 63
Vatin-ganan
Vatin-ganah/493
Velur
Velur/ 4 94
T
Veluryia
Velur/ 4 94
tela
Til/ 4 65
vi-gaha
vihara
Gwadh/1 73
Aus 2/41
tam-rah
Tem/470
vi-vard
Ered/128
tanuka
Ten 1/472
tata
Atos/38
vraj
Wreg 1/527
vrana
Wei 2/510
tata
Atos/38
tayu
Stai 1/445
Vrihi
Urigh/490
tittibha
Titi/480
tittirah
Teter/476
X
trprah
Trep 1/482
Xac1
Xac 1/528
trpti
Terp/4 75
xad
Khad/235
tub
Steu 2/452
xanda
Gwhen 1/182
tuj
Steu 2/452
tula
Tel/ 4 69
xanjami
xara
Ghengh/157
Kar 1/212
tulya
Tel/ 4 69
tup
Steu 2/452
tvasta
Twerk/485
Y
tvastar
Twerk/485
yana
Ei/118
742
Semitic
A - Z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Semitic
A
J.b.l
J
J.b.l /199
S.l.m
S.m.'a
S.m.s
S.l.m/429
S.m. 'a/430
S.m.s/431
Ab2
Ab 2/3
K
u
Umm/ 4 88
A\b.r
A.l.h
A* .b.r/4
Layh/273
K.w.n
K. w.n/266
Umm
Layh/274
A\m.m
A' .m.m/22
L
w
A.m.n
A.q.r
A.m.n/22
A.q.r/31
Layh
Layh/273
Layh/274
W.a\m
W.a' .m/495
B
L.b.n
L.b.n/ 27 4
Y
B.n.v
B.n.v/70
M
Yarah
Yarah/532
B.r.k
B.r.q
B.w.s
B.y.t
B.r.k/71
B.r.q/71
B.y.z/73
B.y. t/73
malha
M.l.h
M.s.h
M.l.h/ 310
M.l.h/ 310
M.s.h/312
Y.m.n
Y.m.n/537
z
B.y.z
B.y.z/73
Z.h.k
Z.h.k/540
N
Z.k.r
Z.k.r/541
D
N.b.b
N.b.b/320
Dabhar
D.b.r/80
N.w.r
N.w.r/341
Daqal
Daqal/79
D.b.r
D.b.r/80
Q
Dibber
D.b.r/80
Diglat
Steig/448
Q.d.m
Q.d.m/380
D.I.I
D. 1.1/108
G
Q.t.r
Q. t.r/382
R
G.v.l
G. v. 1/171
H
R.b.b
R.f.a'
R.b.b/385
R.f.a'/395
s
H.j.r
H.n.n
H.r.m
H.y.y
H.j.r/190
H.n.n/191
H.r.m/192
H.y.y/193
S.f.f
s.k.n
S.l.m
S.f.f/419
K. w.n/266
S.l.m/429
743
Slavic (Old)
c - s
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Slavic (Old)
curva Gwer 4/181
Curvatinu Gwer 4/181
Sloveninu Kleu 1/240
Slovo Kleu 1/240
744
Sogdian
A - D
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Sogdian f = a)
'sp'dy
asp'nh
Ed/ 117
Spereg/438
bgrfk
bgny
Bunai/72
Bunai/72
A
'spVgmy
Spereg/438
bfw
Geu 2/147
'sp'yt
Kuei/254
bns
Bhergh/62
'bj
Bazda/47
'spd
Kwon/2 68
bft
Bher 1/59
a-brxsy
Bhergh/62
'spnc
Spongo /441
brVnt
Bhereg/61
'byz
Bazda/47
'sprxs
Spereg/438
brg>
Aus 2/41
'bz
Bazda/47
'ssh
Rk-tho/396
brpyg
Pel/355
'bz
Bazda/47
'sfnp
Stebh/446
brywr
Byurru/73
'fryn
Prl/377
'sfwri
Sta/444
bwmb
Bheu 3/64
'frywn
Prl/377
'stk
Ost/346
bws
Bheudh/65
a-gaud
Gheugh/1 63
'stnh
Pesteno/369
bxs
Bhag/52
'g'wd
Gheugh/1 63
aTrh
Ater/37
bye
Bha 2/50
'g'wnd
Gheugh/1 63
atp'k
Tep/4 73
byes
Yeu 3/536
'ks
Kerk/230
'ty
I 2/195
'ksye
Ang/2 6
'wbs
Swep/4 62
c
am'n
Ome/344
'wcfq
Wi/524
'ngr
Apank/28
'wsnty
Vrsa/494
ct
Gwhen 1/184
'ngwst
Ang/2 6
'xs'y
Ksei 1/248
cf
Terp/4 75
'nkwpyn
Embhi/123
axs'ynh
Ksei 2/249
eft
Terp/4 75
W
Andho/25
'xsrfw
Kes 2/231
cftu
Terp/4 75
anxar
Apank/28
'Xsnk
^Xsnk/530
clyb'
Saliba/400
'pryn
Prl/377
'xsp
Kwsep/2 69
crks
Ker 3/22 7
>ytyy
Prl/377
'xsy'bt
Ksiro/252
crm
Sek/408
'ps
Pek/357
'xws'y
Aueg/4
cxr
Kwel/2 60
'pt
Pel/355
'xwstr
Wes 1/520
'pt-xw>
Pel/355
•yd
I 2/195
D
'pys
Apo/30
•ynkw
Embhi/123
'pzVn
Gher 1/158
a-ywdy
Yeu 3/536
d'n
Dhe 1 /93
Ysk
Eres 1/130
•yw-wsy
Wi/524
d>
Dher 1/98
>cyc
Arg/34
•yzn
Algwh/20
d'yh
Dhe 1 /93
>gnt
Er 1/127
'zb'k
Dinghw/107
db'nz
Bhengh/58
>rw
Ar/31
'zw
Eg/ 118
db'ys
Dwei/114
>tk
Al 2/16
'zyy-myd
Ghdies/151
dbr
Dhwer/106
'rw'n
Urvan/491
dgrrfy
Dhogh/104
Vy'n-wyj
n Al 1/15
B
dry
Trei/481
aJTkw
Ater/37
dst
Ghesto/161
aVwk'
Oku/343
b'm
Bha 1/49
dt
Denk/8 7
aVwr
An 1/24
bazaar
Tien/480
dwk'
Leuk/282
'sm'r'
Mer 1/304
bg
Bhag/52
dwr
Deu 2/92
745
Sogdian
D - R
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
dwyst
Dekm/85
K
N
dyb-yy
dykh
dyn
dyn-d>
dynh
dyz'
Dub/ 111
Rei 2/389
Dheye/102
Dheye/102
Dheye/102
Dheigh/96
k'm
kang
kanp
ICs
knc
Ka 1/201
Gwhen 1/184
Gwhen 1/184
K' s/247
Ken/224
n
n'-krtk
nrrfdk
nmt i
Ne 1/321
Kwer/2 63
Ne 1/321
Nebh/323
Nemata 2/329
kncfk
Ken/224
nwk
Nabja/317
kp'wfych
nwr
Newo/334
F
Kavuta/215
kp'wtk
Kavuta/215
P
fcmbd
Skabh/420
krn
Sek/408
frn
Sawel/402
krps'k
Kahrpu/204
pd
Ped/353
frtr
Per 1/363
krt
Sek/408
pdny
Ped/353
krty'
Kwer/2 63
pnc
Penkwe/362
G
krw
Skwalo/428
pncfs
Penkwe/362
krw'
Kelewo/223
pncw
Penkwe/362
gan
Gan/ 137
ks
Kerk/230
pnz
Penkwe/362
gasnaka
^Xsnk/530
kwb
Kafa/202
prd'nk
Pele/361
gnc
Gwedh/1 74
kyn
Kwei 1/259
prd'nkh
Pele/361
gnw
Gan/ 137
kynh
Kwei 1/259
prs'
Perk 2 /369
grb
Ghrebh/1 64
kyrm
Wer 2/515
prthynq
Pele/361
grm
Gwher/186
kysf
Kasyapa/214
ps
Apo/30
gwd'k
Dhe 2/94
ps'k
Puk/378
gwdnyk
Khitan/236
M
psn'
Persna/369
gwn'k
Geu 1/14 6
psync
Seiku/407
gwrdtq
Wer 2/514
rrfgw
Ne 2/322
ptkfk
Per 3/367
gwzn
Guysna/1 71
marty
Mer 2/305
pwst
Wes 3/521
gydh
Gwou/187
rrfx
Ne 2/322
pwsfk
Wes 3/521
gzn
Gzn/ 188
mrg
Marega/291
Pwt
Pwt/ 37 9
Merega/306
pyx
Piko/372
I
mw
I 2/195
mwd
Medhu/294
inku
Embhi/123
mwgsk
Mako/290
Q
inn
Tien/480
mwhrg'n
my'
Mura/314
Eg/ 118
qwy
Keu 3/233
J
myd'n
Medhyo/295
myz'y
Meig/298
R
jnwwq
Genu 1/142
myzd
Mizdho/310
rwd
Sreno/442
Leudh/281
74!
Sogdian
R - Z
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
rwgn
Reughmen/394
wfr
Wep/513
zyst
Gheis/155
rwp
Raup/385
wrd
Wrdho/52 6
zywr
Zay/539
rws
Reu 1/393
wrn
Wei 1/509
rwt
Ser 1/415
wrs
Wei 2/510
rwxsn
Leuk/282
ws'y
Vrsa/494
rys
Leigh 1/276
wsn
Eres 1/130
ryJTkk
Uroiks/491
wye
Vrsa/494
Weik 1/505
s
wyn
Dheye/102
wyrk
Wei 2/510
sw
Kei 1/217
wz>k
Weg 2/500
skw
Saus/401
snes
Sneigwh/432
x
snk
Kak 2/205
sp'd
Kwon/2 68
xara-tara
Kar 1/212
srd
Kel 1/220
xr
Kar 1/212
srt
Kel 1/220
xfyn
Kwri/2 69
stmb
Stebh/446
xr-tfk
Kar 1/212
swgnd
Keuk 1/235
xrwm
Kreu/24 6
swk'nt
Keuk 1/235
xsae-wan
swt
Sav 1/401
Ksei 1/248
sy'k
Skai/421
xJTm
xwbn
Kwsep/2 69
Swep/4 62
T
xwp
xwrn
Op/ 34 4
Wes 1/520
r§
Tex/4 79
xwsyp
Ksip/251
t'y
Stai 1/445
xwys
Sweid/4 60
tm
Tem/470
tn'wr
Tanur/4 66
Y
tt r
Tata/467
tfrw
Teter/476
y n
H.n.n/191
tw
Tu/483
yw
Ieuo/196
txm
Teu 1/477
ywn
Yau/532
ty
Tu/483
w
yxn
Eis 2/120
z
w>grfk
Gwhen 2/185
zn'
Gene 1/141
Weren/518
zry
Glei/167
wd
Wedh 1/498
zyrn
Ghel/155
141
Spanish
A - X
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Spanish
A
juba
J
J.b.b/198
alambique Ab 1/1
L
Nei 1/325
al-bacora B.k.r/69
alcoba Gabbah/136
lima
loben jui
Nimbu/336
L.b.n/2 74
alizari A* .s.r/36
Amazonas
M
Magh 2/289
au-berengina
Vatin-ganah/493
auge Ud 1/486
Malaga M.l.h/310
marcaxita
Magsisa/289
marrano H.r.m/192
matador
M.v. t/315
B
matar
M.v. t/315
belloth Balut/46
mesquita
Masgda/292
benjui L.b.n/274
berengina
N
Vatin-ganah/493
naranja
Naranga/319
c
natron
Nitiru/337
canario Kwon/2 68
R
cifra Keu 2/232
coton Kitu/238
real
Reg 1/387
res ma
R.z.m/397
E
espinacia
T
Spinaki on/440
tabaco
Tabaco/ '4 64
tariff
A' .r.f/33
G
X
gacele G.z. 1/188
X
Say' / 403
H
harmathan
H.r.m/192
74S
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Sumerian
D - M
WORD Root/Page
Sumerian
D
Dub
Dup
Dub/111
Dub/ 111
M
Mana Mana/290
745
Swedish
T - Z
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Swedish
tung-sten Stei/447
zeolit Yes/534
750
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Syriac
A - T
WORD Root/Page
Syriac
A.l.h Layh/2 73
Layh/2 74
A\q.b A\q.b/30
K
karkedana
Kurkizannu/257
Layh Layh/2 73
Layh/2 74
N
nausa Nes 1/332
pespesta Ed/ 117
Ekwos/121
R
R.y.m R.y.m/396
Summaq Summaq/458
Sypwr Sypwr/4 63
toma w.a ' .m/495
751
Tamil
T - T
WORD Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Tamil
Togei
Tokei
Tokei/481
Tokei/481
752
Turkish
A - Y
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
WORD
Root/Page
Turkish
A
Jol
Jor
J
Ul/487
Ul/487
qahve' Kaffa/203
Qar2 Kar 2/213
qara-qulaq Kar 2/213
afandi
Autos/42
Jur
Ul/487
s
Cixa/76
ata-bak
Bhag/51
K
sTs
B
babuc
bak
beg-umm
Boqca
Buqca
c
Pos/375
Bhag/51
Umm/488
Boqca/70
Boqca/70
Kagas Kagas/204
Kagas Kagas/204
Kagat Kagas/204
Kagaz Kagas/204
Kar 2 Kar 2/213
kara-kulak Kar 2/213
Kayik Kayik/ 216
khan Khan/236
kiosk Geu 1/14 6
sTs-kabob Cixa/76
sTslTk Cixa/76
sofa Soffeh/433
T
ta>ifa A\r.f/33
Tata Tata/4 67
tob Stewe/452
top Stewe/452
chTbuq
Cop/ 7 7
tulbend
Bhendh/5 7
cub
Cop/ 7 7
L
turp
Tulupos/484
cubuq
Cop/ 7 7
LajTn
La j in/271
D
limon
Nimbu/336
u
Ul
Ul/487
Dolmak
Dolmak/ 109
M
ulak
Ul/487
dolman
Dolmak/ 109
maghazeh Gzn/188
makrama Q.r.m/382
X
E
maymun
Y.m.n/537
xan-umm Umm/488
ebuzine
Z
.n.y/541
o
xorozma
Gher 3/159
H
012
Ul/487
Y
havyar
Aw/43
ordu
Urmak/491
Yelek
Ijlak/ 196
I
P
pilaw
Pulaka/379
Ijlak
Ijlak/ 196
Q
qaftan
Kaftan/203
753
Welsh
p - p
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
WORD Root/Page
Welsh
pen-gwyn We id/504
754
Index of
Persian
Words
(In Persian Alphabet)
<_?-->
li
-AJ /
°J'5
-AJ/
°J'5
HJ/
°J'5
7eu 3/536" O jo,
7eu 3/536" 0-^.3 ^.
Yeu 1/535
tfi
Kleu 1/240 <j 3 )L>3>3z
Ei/119
OSi
H.n.n/191 6 by„
75*
ur-J
Is
I 2/195
Ya/531
Ap 2/28
Ap 2/28
Hyakinthos/193
Hyakinthos/193
Yavarena/ 532
H.n.n/191
Eis 2/120
Yag/531
Yag/531
Kwer/2 62
Yag/531
Yag/531
Yasfa/532
Yasfa/532
Yasfa/532
A' .q.b/30
I 2/195
Y.m.n/537
Y.m.n/537
H.n.n/191
Yeu 3/536
Prs/377
Yeu 3/536
Yeu 3/536
4„»oU
9
tta*JSw*.»*W
v&
c3
..>>?.
-AJ/
°J'5
jUj^a^)
r
Do 2/2 09
Ous 1/346
Seu 2/418
Men 1/301
Su 1/454
Su 1/454
We id/504
Swep/4 62
Okto/342
I 2/195
Kwo/2 67
Ten 1/471
Gene 1/141 c>j3j-h A
Wed/ 4 98
Per 3/366 jj ^.a
Ei/119
Aidh/9
Ghei 1/153
Aidh/9
Ijj^a
l ^jZ.2K*.&>
c3
.«'
I 2/2 95
Ap 2/28
Ap 2/28
Yem/534
Dekm/84
°- > 3 ..
4^X3 j , 4^^2^3
°j'-3
Ten 1/4 71 ^J^-ptlA
Sya.nd/4 6"3 jj.a
Sem 1/411 <u>jj.a
Teicu 2/4 6"8
Syand/463 oI^jj-a
Syand/463 ^b.^ 5 JJ.A
Les/2 79 £Xjjj.A
Ner 2/332 y. A
Su 2/454
Menth/304 jj.* ,1A
Gwa/2 72
Sem 2/422
Kwes/2 6"4
Me 2/293
Wekw/508
Wekw/508
Wekw/508
Aueg/4
Su 1/455
Sawel/402
Sawel/402
An 1/24
Ous 1/346
Aus 2/41
Aus 2/41
flUlA
L..oiy&
O^A
J 3*
/*L.^j^A
Gwhen 1/182 S^Jiyb
Su 1/454
757
<_?-->
li
-AJ /
Dekm/85
Dekm/85
Selg/411
Pet 1/370
Sem 1/411
Su 1/454
Sem 1/411
Sem 1/411
Men 1/301
Sem 1/411
Su 1/454
Su 1/454
Teku 1/4 68
Teku 1/4 68
Sem 1/412
Gwa/1 72
Ksiro/252
Sem 1/411
Geu 1/14 6
Sem 1/411
Wei 3/511
Sem 1/412
Sem 1/411
Smelt/ 430
Smelt/ 430
Sem 2/413
Ten 1/471
oj\ 3
jlJy.^J>
£)A^lA
~&
L.A
JL.A
(3 L.&
UUa
l5Ua
lX) *,A
la) f*,A
^)lXo.A
a .r*'
4.«.A
^ISO^-o-A
Sol/434
Dheye/102
Ser 1/414
Tres/483
Tres/483
Ser 2/416
Sek/408
Sem 1/411
Men 1/302
An 1/24
An 1/24
Gheslo/161
Dinghw/107
Skai/421
Su 1/454
Ost/346
Okto/342
Dekm/84
Okto/342
Selg/411
Septm/414
Dekm/84
Septm/414
Septm/414
Septm/414
As/35
Dekm/85
oj\ 3
4.1jI 7 A
c^I^a
oi^aA
3b.AA
4.1AA
oAaA
jb.\A
Weis/50 7
We id/504
We id/504
Wed/ 498
Aw/43
Weik 2/506
Woin/525
Hebhel/190
H.j.r/190
Ser 3/416
Ar/32
Se 2/404
Sawel/403
Sem 1/411
Sem 1/411
Sen 1/413
Havana/189
H.j.r/190
H.j.r/190
H.j.r/190
H.j.r/190
Skeng/423
Men 1/301
Sekw/410
°j'3
<^-i>J3
i^***4 3
&3
->Ia
jIa
lyyj*-
>^jIa
4.JU
JUIa
<>
03 ^
sxA
J-
Cl> >^A
75£
ur-J
Is
4jijj , A^jL/3
a jh
^J/
A^jL/3
°jb
4jiw3 J , A^jL/3
°jb
Wego/501
^J3
Kwer/2 6"2
*J3 -
Wekw/508
jh
Wegh/501
6 J -i)3
Wrdiio/52 6"
>Sb
Wekw/508
6^') l 3
Kwer/2 63
.A) 3
Wer 2/514
03j3
Wekw/508
ojh
Wi/523
Ker 3/22 7
^j?33
Wes 4/521
jls,.**)! <•)
W.s.m/527
f3
Wed/ 4 97
Wes 4/521
j^J^&J >*.««.J1 *)
W.s.m/527
A-0.^*J *)
Werg
1/519
333
Wegh/501
<KJZ>\ *)
Asu /36
cyja *\
Werg
1/519
bj3
Wekw/508
<*j> 1 <•)
Wrdho/52 6
J3
Werg
1/519
3^333
Weg 1/499
0^\3
Wrdho/52 6
J3
Werg
1/519
J'JJS
Ered/128
^3
Wrdho/52 6
JS
Werg
1/519
J^JJ3
Wei 2/510
4.3^/1 5
Wei 2/510
4.ii/«)
Werg
1/519
yjjs
Wrdho/52 6
4,3<*,xJl «)
Wrdho/52 6
4.3 jk J 3
Werg
1/519
aXi JJ3
Ap 2/28
fb
Wen/512
63
Werg
1/519
3JJ3
Aw/43
tj\ 3
Wen/513
^3.>b
Werg
1/519
"JJ3
Wai/495
Eu 1/132
' uS^3
Werg
1/519
6-^JJ3
Kwer/2 63
.A73
Wekw/508
' (J\3'3
Werg
1/519
aX iJJ3
Wi/523
Wen/513
o"y.3
Wei 2/510
0»J3
Wi/523
y.y?3
Wen/513
> s 3
Wer 2/515
L»
Wekw/508
J3^~3
Wer 3/516
f 1 ^
Gwhen 2/185
*^J3
Bata/46
y 3
Gwei/175
6s* ^.3
Weren/518
Wed/ 4 97
Crt^^S
Weik 1/505
^po, 5
Wer 2/515
<yh A J3
Wed/ 4 98
D3j)
We id/504
IAj 5
JlAJj Jj J5
Wer 1/514
33
We id/504
O.AJ 3
Ghebh-el/152
Varaza/492
• 1 *
J\J3
Wei 2/503
7-?. 3
Urigh/490
a .ji.J3
Ker 3/22 7
S3j 3
Wi/523
j Us^*j 1 9
Wei 2/510
0~4J3
Algwh/20
Z->3
Wi/523
Cp~""ji3
Wego/501
&
Algwh/20
jj 5 U J5
Ar/31
Wego/501
Wego/501
^J3
<3)3
Algwh/20
A^,-o.P- ) ")
755
<_?-->
li
4jijj , 4^jL/3
°jb
4jij j , 4^jL/3
°jb
4jiw3 J , 4_>JL/3
°jb
Naema/31 7
js.r^ i
Ni 2/335
Ous 2/346"
(*).A»»»."J o3
Naema/31 7
v^s
Gei/238
whO \*r*Ji
Ous 1/346
Cx-.^3 i
Naema/31 7
4a*.3
Witiru/33 7
C*>l J.X.O
Nabja/317
*—>^3
Nei 1/325
^
Witiru/33 7
6.t>.37V
Nabja/317
(J^S
Nei 1/325
oW
Ni tiru/33 7i^»\ <_So, 7 ^S
Nepot/330
°y
Ous 1/347
4,."J tt»0
Wer 2/332
3s£
Newo/334
jj,y
Ous 1/347
/} tA.iA.ilWJ tt»0
We 1/496
\^3s£
Neu/333
6 J -*3 S
Ni 1/335
Nis/336
Ne 1/321
4.S
N.w.r/341
a Ji y
Newn/333
p
4.S
3
Naeza/318
°> s
Dhe 2/94
.>l$i
Naeza/318
<6s 3
Dhe 2/94
6- > W S
I 2/195
3
Neks/ 32 7
J^.i
Ni 1/335
I 2/195
9
3
Der 1/89
yxJ^i
Dhe 2/94
6W S
Pekw/358
\3-
Neks/ 32 7
Ni 1/335
Apo/30
Crs~V3
Der 1/89
) lA^"iiiiA.J>
Gwou/187
dr^* 3
Bher 1/58
VA-
Neks/ 32 7
Sawel/402
.P
J.3* s
Wei 3/511
r A-
Nei 1/325
tuJXiiO
Nedo/324
^ s
Wei 3/511
r j\3
Nei 1/325
.3.7^ S
Nyaka/341
L.s
Wer 3/516
f A-
Leudh/281
^3jr^
Angh/27
)W>
Redh/386
Cr-^J'3
Nei 1/325
5^» 3
Ni 1/335
Redh/386
A.!*.**** j 1 *j
Nei 1/326
J* s
Angh/27
^-X^> jUj3
Ardha/33
63 A
Nei 1/326
Menth/304
Apo/29
Nei 1/326
.~ p
Angh/27
^"°33 .^
Apo/29
^A
Nei 1/326
>^Lj
Menth/304
Ardha/33
Nei 1/326
4.1.0
Angh/27
i^jLs
Redh/386
6 J -a*jb
Naema/31 7
r s
Nyaka/341
6^\ s
Wed/ 4 97
Cwb'3
Naema/31 7
£ j r s
Gwa/1 72
f Ls
760
ur-J
Is
4jijj , 4^jL/3
a jh
4jiw3 J , 4_>JL/3
°3b
4jiw3 J , 4_>JL/3
°3b
Newo/334
y
Ni 2/335
Ous 2/347
{J)Jkm*.J*> Ojt.3
Wekw/508
\y
AfeMi/323
r
Nebh/323
o^a3
Wekw/508
Cr-^y
Me 2/293
loi
Nabatu/317
Nepot/330
o3lai
Ni 1/335
Nabatu/317
* yA J U»A3
Wekw/508
^y
Namra/318
<5jUi
Apo/29
(ji.^
Wekw/508
t .... i .
Nem 1/329
3 Us
Pri/377
Wekw/508
0-^.3 *y
Nem 2/329
Nabatu/317
hki
Nepot/330
4„**)l &5
Ni 1/335
L)^V S
Nebh/323
Nepot/330
&.JZA &3
Ni 1/335
j^o Lo.3
Kwer/2 63
oj&i
Gno/168
l>y
Me 2/293
Ne 1/321
Gno/168
d> a3
Ni 1/335
0JJ.A0.S
Ne 1/321
o^xS
Newn/333
3y
Me 2/293
Keued/234
Jl*&£}
Dekm/84
Ni 1/335
/)«LO W1..S
Keued/234
^)^j^^x3
N.w.r/341
jy
Nemata 2/329
Xo-S
Ne 1/321
s£*
N.w.r/341
^'jy
Nem 1/329
d«>i vo..s
Kwer/2 62
jlXs
Ni 1/335
3 jy
Namra/318
ijfj^i
Kwer/2 62
^3 j lXS
Wer 2/514
Namra/318
ASjm.5
Kwer/2 62
u^lSj
Ni 1/335
O-*-* 3 jy
Nem 1/329
oj^i
Kwer/2 62
(^Aj ) UO
Wer 2/514
Nebh/323
cJXo.^
Kwer/2 62
» .'.if*
Er 1/126
©<A.*..**> i a3
Nebh/323
/)l AX-o.^
Kwek/2 60
olxs
Dekm/84
o3)y
Nebh/323
* %•«*. iXi>0> 3
Ni 1/335
Newn/333
Ni 1/335
3 a-o-3
Kwer/2 62
Ous 1/346
u^y
Me 2/293
j 1 3 <j,.oi
Kwer/2 62
^Jj^XS
Ous 1/346
A,Jwja3
Ni 1/335
Kwer/2 62
Ni 1/335
Cr-^y
Me 2/293
^3 ^.3
Geu 1/14 6
0.J&
Peig/356
Ni 1/335
Ni 1/335
Ous 1/346
*) ) 1 A-uJ ttj
Nana/319
4.^3
Geu 1/14 6
jW a\j>
761
<_?-->
li
-AJ /
Gene 1/141
Ni 1/335
Gwhen 2/185
Nek 1/327
Ne 1/321
Teu 1/477
Ud 1/486
Ned/ 32 4
Ned/ 32 4
Ned/ 32 4
Ned/ 32 4
Okw/343
Neks/ 32 7
Ni 1/335
Sed/405
Ksip/251
Ni 1/335
Ni 1/335
Sed/405
Ni 1/335
Sed/405
Sed/405
Nitiru/337
Nogw/339
Ous 1/347
Ous 1/347
Ous 1/347
oj\ 3
JJ^S
L-5
^t^o
03 j^
"Us
f i
\*Me>.k
AJ
l3 Luj
Ataxia
Ni 1/335
Per 3/366
Nepot/330
Nepot/330
Peig/356
Nepot/330
Nebh/323
Gno/168
Naks/318
Isto/197
Sed/405
Ner 1/331
Ar/31
Nei 1/325
Nedo/324
Ner 2/332
Ner 2/332
Ner 2/332
Namra/318
Gno/168
Namra/318
Namra/318
Men 1/301
Ner 1/331
Sed/405
Isto/197
Sed/405
oj\ 3
C*
r >?
o^y
<_Sjo_ys
Nomn/34
Nem 1/329
Nomn/34
Nagan/318
Pekw/358
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Da 2/79
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Nes 1/332
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Nes 1/332
Nes 1/332
Na 1/316
Na 1/316
Ten 1/471
Gwa/1 72
Ne 1/321
Ahu/8
Nedo/324
0^
lyb
5 b
jb 5 b
^b 5 b
0\j3^
0*3^
jU^jejb
o^b
^ls 5 b
<J"33^
0*33^
o 5 b
0^3^
jbxl&b
flUlAb
J^.Ab
L5b
762
ur-J
Is
-AJ /
°J'5
3jb
^J 13
Nedo/324
Nedo/324
Narikelah/320jJ j\i
Narikelah/320dJ j\i
Naranga/319
£•->
b
Naranga/319 <_Scx>jb
Naranga/319 t yfij\i
Naranga/319 S3j\i
Naranga/319 Ssj b
Wen /5 2 2
Wen /5 2 2
Nog/338
Nog/338
Nog/338
Nog/338
Ned/ 32 4
Gene 1/141
Ed/ 117
Nobh/337
Nobh/337
Kwer/2 63
Kwel/2 60
Wi/523
Neu/333
Nedo/324
Neu/333
Neu/333
o jb
7»L«jb
<_3b
4.3 b
Jb
4.Jb
xJb
4^X3 j , "KzkSUjp
Madhaxa/287
Ker 1/226
Madhaxa/287
Gheslo/161
Gheslo/161
Gheslo/161
Gheslo/161
Gheslo/161
Gheslo/161
Y.m.n/537
Y.m.n/537
Men 1/301
Men 1/301
J.b.b/198 ,_
Meit/299
Meit/299
Ne 1/321
Ab 1/1
Bheudh/65
Na 1/316
Nogh/338
Nor/ 34
N.w.r/341
Pekw/358
P j.Swjl.jj.A
Jm*iii*0.iAiil*M*.i'**
'3') cr 1 ^
Oh* 10
_b
<_^b
ljj»b
^b
k>Vs
^j/
Mei 4/297
Mura/314
Isto/197
Mak/290
Meg/295
Ksei 2/249
Meit/299
Sem 1/411
Teku 1/4 68
Medhu/294
Medhyo/295
M.v. t/315
Mei 4/297
Mei 2/296
Meig/298
Mei 2/296
A' .m.r/23
Gene 1/141
Meig/298
Mei 1/296
Mei 1/296
Meig/298
Moiso/310
Meig/298
Layh/2 73
Gwei/175
Spek/436 ,_
763
<_?-->
li
4jijj , 4^jL/3
°jb
4jij j , 4^JL/3
°jb
4jiw3 J , 4^jL/3
°jb
Moudh/311
jy
Eg/2 2 8
V
Q.r.m/382
AAj'&A
Moudh/311
"jy
Maria/290
V
Kleu 2/241
3>tL<»
W.s.m/527
A„*A> tt„#
W. w.r/342
j\li
Ku 1/253
*m->e*XAA
Mu/313
uV>
W. vi. r/ 341
)U*/»
Ped/354
Muk/314
O a/»
Maghl/288
Oa^.P^/»
Gwhen 1/184
e? lH *
Mum/314
fy
Maghl/288
(— >SA,i.i>J»>>
K.w.n/266
£}VX»
A.m.n/22
d/'y 1
Menth/304
JJ-/> _
Maghl/288
f j*.i\&j*
Men 3/303
JljS.Sy
Mantel lum/ '291 JjJJ.*
Maghl/288
(JxoW.<>
Men 3/303
^J ) WS.3 e*A
Men 2/302
J~Xa
Q.r.m/382
<ka 9 J>J*
Men 3/303
{£ vo-XSJ^a
Kii 1/253
*~*XAZ*a
K.a* .b/201
*~*x.\a
Moudh/311
l5^
Ped/354
Sek/408
j\fi
Moudh/311
*jy
Ne 1/321
Sem 1/411
Moudh/311
/j^.jy
Men 1/302
.j^.r- fi
Mako/290
Meig/298
^ *£
Skai/421
Me 1/292
aX/»
Mak/290
^ *£
N.w.r/341
Sr- fi
Medhu/294
J^
Meg/295
N.w.r/341
9
Mer 2/305
H.j.r/190
>rW*
Maghl/288
X>yA
M.l.h/310
0^>>U
H.j.r/190
01> >:>l@.*a
Per 3/366
M.l.h/310
-7tX>>
Meg/295
4.P- 1 j l@.,o
M.v. t/315
d>a/»
Madhaxa/287
j*lX/»
Reg 1/387
Dub/ 111
*— >3 <&A
Mel 3/300
axI/)
Me 2/293
*—>U.^^
Morwi/311
J 5*
Mel 3/300
4,*oJt.l>»
Tep/4 73
Morwi/311
A.£> jyA
M.l.h/310
7*L*.Xj*
H.j.r/190
jy*^>
Morwi/311
43ujy>
M.l.h/310
4,pOjl/i
Mei 4/297
J*?
Men 1/302
(J Xo 1 j a/»
M.v. t/315
O«>vo.>>
Mura/314
.P
Men 1/302
°)y
M.s.s/313
L^U^
Mei 4/297
okj^
Meuk/309
x .
Ma/286
4-o./>
Mei 4/297
}\}jQA
Men 1/302
(J\£ j e*A
Mura/314
J^-W»
764
ur-J
Is
Z.h.k/540
T.r.h/483
T.r.h/483
Temar/470
.b.r/4
.b.r/4
.b.r/4
.r.f/33
.r.f/33
.r.f/33
Maghl/288
Maghl/288
Maga/287
Gzn/188
Maga/287
Maga/287
Erebu/128
Mozgo/312
Umm/488
G.v. 1/171
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t_flJ*£%£> ^l^Jbj j& OU) Owj^-d
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4,^A*2
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LANGUAGE
4^fl*^
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745
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ROOTS
547
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741
C.j_j£— iU>
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570
CS*'/
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747
^±\k~j
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640
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CELTIC
597
^Xiw
- German (Old High)
642
__-.O.J*A9 -
SWEDISH
752
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- German (Mid. High)
641
4JL.0 -
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753
l£jf
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634
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751
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571
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656
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750
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564
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746
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702
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563
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825
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601
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730
^.C»J*\9 -
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633
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632
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635
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572
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639
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677
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678
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627
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675
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687
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676
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689
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676
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688
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701
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600
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730
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630
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691
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598
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740
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740
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655
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Leave Blank
Leave Blank
^-.-Uol JUe
^r-J U
JtU>
laaJL) <-i$y i^^j^
^3^*
Far
ab
vT
a
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man
asb
WW*
a
1
glottal stop
ma'xaz
Jk»le
?
*■
boy
bar
^
b
«_>
pet
par
J*
P
s_>
toy
talatom
n>^
t
-fc>0
son
salam
joMw
S o^
o - *£»
joy
jabr
Jrt-
J
e:
church
Cah
ob-
c[ch]
£
hot
hadi
^gilft
h
*c
Scottish loch
xar
J«*
x [kh]
c
day
dast
1i_i »i>'V
d
^
zebra
zan
oj
Z JJ
J*j i
ray
rah
•b
r
J
vision
zarf
J i>
z [jh , zh]
J
shop
Sab
• - 1 - *
S[sh]
J 1
strong guttural sound
SaMT
^fcAftM*
"*
£
gargling sound
gaz
j*
g [gh]
<e
fun
fil
J^
f
»_9
emphatic k
qu
y
q[gh]
J
cake
ketab
V»t3"
k
O -
goat
go!
J*"
g
v_f
lip
lab
^
1
J
man
man
o*
m
r
noon
nan
o"
n
voice
vahed
J0-I3
V
3
yard
yar
jM
y
«^
boot
pul
J*
u (long)
v
old
ostad
ilxwl
(short)
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toe
owraq
JW
6, ow (long)
3''
machine
iman
oM
1 (long)
«5»
bee
Jebrael
J£r^
e (long)
^P
n
. Jj^L—s ,_, «*JiSJl l) 9~° J J Ow /~-5>jj c5' r* L J lt <-~2jj s *' ( '
.C— I aJJ> ejta OULJ ( ) C~*!>U- L (^jUu* CjUJ jj & <jjl-W» (Y
4*b »j?w JJ 4J^jcJ
Indo-European B3 POK:515
<Coj Oli)
^*£J v ^^ OU) v^ 1 ?
Ka, Qa : to wish, desire
V Avestan / Old Persian
CO POK:515
ka2, kam2,
kama : desire
Pahlavi
£QBQT:1578;SNS:209
kam : desire
Persian Pi BOT: 1 578
kam : desire \olr
l©b" 3**~et |°J^ O*^" O^jj? *V
AsadT
Avestan /Old Persian B3 POK:515, KNT:173
?
Canah, Cinah, Cinman : desire
aspa - canah : horse lover cS= Ekwos
English
'
whore
horaz : one who desires
English CO AHD
Latin G3 POK:515
caress, charity, cherish
carus : desire
./
<*>
OUJ t_^>jt> 4J^jcJ
Language CO Reference (s): page numbers
Word : meaning ,
"other roots, Persian words
ls-J u
Word : meaning , ^other roots, Persian words l ^w J U
One line of poem showing usage of Persian words.
Notes on other possible derivations or special discussion.
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u
i^ailA 3 ^giLJI ^l^jbjj
JtfiU
3 ^jU« ^gjl^a^l ,_gla <oU.j
ijlf a*«.jqj
^x>L»>'
KGW
Ibrahim J.
r»»"!y!
PLA
Asbaghi A.
^"f-'
SPG, ARP
Spiegel F.
jS-.il
BRT, HID, ZAW
Bartholomae C.
<u^l!ijlj
POK
Pokorny J.
y^lifii
FWK
Dvorak R.
O-ljji
DOZ
Dozy R. (Dutch)
^jj*
AKD
Zimmern H
Oj^iij
SDQ
Siddiqi A.
l^"-*-* 1
AFA
Frankel S.
JSJly
LAG
Lagarde P.
ijlfV
LKT
Lokotsch K.
S jjrjJ
AIN
Liden E
O^ft*
LEW, WLD
Walde A.
OJkJIj
TTS
Vambery H.
iSj*»l
HRN
Horn P.
Ojft
HUB
Hubschmann H.
^U.—jja
4-Jlj3 O^
Jk»U 3 ^jU« ^gjl-a^l ^5 la, <oU.j
jlfwU.
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«l«j'
DRM
DEV
EAV
LAT
LAM
PHN
Darmester J.
Devic L. M.
Duchesne -Guillemin
Ernout A.& Meillet
Lammens H.
Pihan A. P.
4JLdQ - jjj!
^j c O 1 ^
J^-U 3 £jUs ^gjl-a^l ^5 la <oU.j
£lf JU«»JqJ ^sL)!
AFM
Addi Shir J0 i ^al
ARB
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KFL
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TAD
UnaysT T. ^-«-<=
^A
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Jl>U
3 £jLU> ^jLaXsM (^Ia 4JL1J
jjirwV^wjji i _ s *u>(
OXF
Speake J.
wCmII
SKT
Skeat W. W.
C«^i
UNV
Unvala J. M.
Vljjl
SYN
Buck C. D.
o-b
NAT
Berlitz
j^J»
FWE
Bliss A. J.
*J*M
BLY, ISS, ZAP
Baily H.W.
J*
PRT
Partridge E.
&jjk
PE1
PeiM.
<sk
GPL
Platts J. T. & Ranking GSA.
yM
TLM
Tolman H. C.
O^Jy
TYL
Taylor W.
jj^
FVQ
Jeffrey A.
iSJ*
AVG
Jackson A. V.W.
03 '"*'?'
DVS
Davis P.
0""'!J'i' 3
RCH
Richardson J. ^^ijlxj
SHP, OEW
Shipley J. T.
JyS -
FSD
Funk I. K.
Oils
WEB
Collins W.
^
KLN
Klein E.
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Nyberg H.S.
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Widengren G.
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Withworth G. C.
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Horn P.
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Henning W. P.
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Yule H. & Burnel A. C.
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B
PH
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B
Bhue: to be
be
physics
future
budan: to be
O^
Bhudh: base
bottom
foundation
bon: base
&
D
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D
D
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3 a
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ten
dime
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oi
G
K
G
G
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club
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4)yr
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king
gene
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o-Vs>!j
GH
G
KH
H
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gold
chlorine
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jj
Y
J(Y)
H
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o'*=r
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yoke
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L
L
L
R
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P
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father
Pope
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pedar: father
J-V
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foot
podium
pedicure
pa: foot
b
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fat
pine
pih: fat
<U>
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full
poly-
plenty
por: full
Ji
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five
pentagon
panj: five
&i
S
S
H
S
H
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same
Homo-
single
ham: same
n*
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seven
September
haft: seven
wiflft
W
W
V
V (B in Persian)
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wind
vent
bad: wind
ib
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work
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