ArabicEnglishLexicon.CopiousEasternSources.EnlargedSuppl.K'amoos.Lane.Poole.1863-77-93.8vols.

AN

ARABIC-ENGLISH
LEXICON

AN

ARABIC-ENGLISH

LEXICON

BY
EDWARD WILLIAM LANE

IN EIGHT PARTS
PART 1

LIBRAIRIE DU LIBAN

Riad el - Solh Square

BEIRUT - LEBANON

19 6 8

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PUBLISHER'S NOTE

Edward William Lane's ARABIC -ENGLISH LEXICON
Book I contains all the classical words, their derivatives,
and their usages. It appears in eight separate volumes
and took the author more than thirty years to compile.

Book II, which Dr. Lane contemplated and which was
to contain rare words and explanations, was incomplete
at the time of his death in 1876 and therefore never
appeared.

In describing Lane's Lexicon, Dr. G. P. Badger wrote.
" This marvellous work in its fullness and richness, its
deep research, correctness and simplicity of arrangement
far transcends the Lexicon of any language ever pre-
sented to the world. »

Printed in Lebanon by OFFSET CONROGRAVURfc

Y -*■ S

AN

AEABIC-ENGLISH

LEXICON,

DERIVED FROM THE BEST AND THE MOST COPIOUS EASTERN SOURCES;

COMPRISING A VERY LARGE COLLECTION

OF WORDS AND SIGNIFICATIONS OMITTED IN THE KAMOOS,

WITH SUPPLEMENTS TO ITS ABRIDGED AND DEFECTIVE EXPLANATIONS,

AMPLE GRAMMATICAL AND CRITICAL COMMENTS,

AND EXAMPLES IN PROSE AND VERSE:

COMPOSED BY MEANS OE THE MUNIFICENCE OF THE MOST NOBLE

ALGERNON,
DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, K.G.,

ETC. ETC. ETC.,

AND THE BOUNTY OF

THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT:
BY BDWAHD WILLIAM LANE.

IN TWO BOOKS:

THE FIRST CONTAINING ALL THE CLASSICAL WORDS AND SIGNIFICATIONS COMMONLY KNOWN

TO THE LEARNED AMONG THE ARABS :
THE SECOND, THOSE THAT ARE OF RARE OCCURRENCE AND NOT COMMONLY KNOWN.

BOOK I.— PART 1.

WILLIAMS AND NORGATE,

14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON;

AND 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.

1863.

TO

THE MOST NOBLE

ALGERNON,
DUO OF NORTHUMBERLAND, K.G.,

ETC. ETC. ETC.,

THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS WOKK,
AND ITS CONSTANT AND MAIN SUPPORTER,
THE AUTHOR DEDICATES IT.

WITH

PROFOUND RESPECT

AND

GRATITUDE.

PREFACE.

In the year 1842, a most generous offer made to me by the present Duke of Northumberland (then Lord Prudhoe) enabled me
to undertake the composition of this work; and to His Grace's princely aid I have ever since been mainly indebted for
the means of accomplishing the project thus originated.

The object proposed was not to do in English little more than what Golius and others had already done in Latin, by
translating and composing from a few Arabic lexicons of the class of epitomes or abstracts or manuals; but to draw chiefly
from the most copious Eastern sources; one of which, comprising in about one seventh part of its contents the whole of the
celebrated Kiiinoos, I knew to exist in Cairo. There, also, I had reason to believe that I might find other sources unknown in
Europe, and obtain more aid ill the prosecution of my design than I could elsewhere; and thither, therefore, I betook myself
for this purpose.

On my arrival at Cairo, I first had recourse, for help in making my preparations, to an accomplished Arabic Scholar,
the late M. Fulgencc Fresnel, with whom, during a former residence in Egypt, I had contracted an intimate friendship.
Previously informed by mc of my project, he had tested the qualifications of several learned natives for the task of assisting
me in collecting, transcribing, and collating, the materials from which my lexicon was to be composed ; and he recommended
to me, as tbc person whom he esteemed the most fit, the shcykh Ibrahcem (surnamed 'Abd-el-Ghaffar) Ed-Dasookec. To have
engaged as my coadjutor ft shcykh respected for his character and learning, and to have been disappointed in him, and obliged
to dismiss him, might have made him my enemy, and enabled and induced him to baffle my scheme; but my experience led
mc to believe that a person better qualified for the services that I required of him, than the sheykh Ibrahcem Ed-Dasookce,
could not have been found by mc in Cairo; and I had no occasion to employ any other assistant, except, occasionally,
transcribers, under his supervision.

The assistance that I received from my friend M. Fresnel was not limited to the favour mentioned above. With a
generosity rarely equalled, he insisted upon transferring to mc the most valuable of his Arabic manuscripts, to remain with me
during the whole period of the composition of my lexicon, and in case of his death during that period to become my absolute
property. Most deeply do 1 deplore his not having lived to see how greatly those precious manuscripts have contributed to
the accuracy and value of my work, and to have them restored to him. They consist of two copies of the Sihah and a copy
of the Kiimoos. One of the copies of the former lexicon is a manuscript of extraordinary excellence : it was finished in the
year of the Flight 676 (a.d. 1277) ; and forms a large quarto-volume. The other copy of the same lexicon is in three
volumes : the second volume surpasses in accuracy every other copy of the same work that I have seen, and is enriched with
numerous important extracts, in its margins, from the celebrated Annotations of Ibn-Barree and El-Bustee: the first volume
is similarly enriched, and little inferior to the second in accuracy : the third is of the ordinary quality. The copy of the
Kamoos, which is written in a very small and compact hand, and forms a single octavo- volume, I believe to be unique : it
contains, in its margins, (with other annotations and with various readings,) copious extracts from the great work which is
the main source of my own lexicon; and its text, of which the transcription was finished in the year of the Flight 1120
(a.d. 1708-9), has been carefully collated. These valuable acquisitions I made almost immediately after my arrival at Cairo.

It was indispensable, I believe, to the success of my undertaking, that I should most carefully avoid whatever might
draw down disrespect from the 'Ulama of Cairo, or others of the Muslim inhabitants, either upon myself or upon the sheykh
Bk. I.

vi PREFACE.

who was to assist me in procuring the chief materials for the composition of my work. For it was only by his means that I
could reasonably hope to obtain the use of manuscripts in the libraries of mosques ; that is, by his borrowing those manuscripts
as though for his own use: and one of the librarians showed himself to be desirous of urging any pre.text in order to refuse the
loan of the work that I most needed. I therefore made my place of residence" to be as far as I could from the quarters
frequented by Franks, and conformed with such of the general usages of the Muslims as did not involve a profession of
their religion. But my precautions did not suffice to secure me from every difficulty. Even the Viceroy, Mohammad 'Alee
Pasha, though almost an absolute prince, could not enable me to overcome them. Hearing of my project, I know not how,
he spontaneously informed me, by his Prime Minister, that he was desirous of showing his respect for my Patron by rendering
me any assistance within his power. I replied that his Highness would very greatly aid me by granting me authority to
demand the loan of certain manuscripts in the libraries of mosques. But it was feared that the wardens of the mosques would
in this case urge the necessity of an order from the Sultan, or abstract considerable portions from those manuscripts and so
defeat my plan. I could therefore only endeavour to obtain, according to the usual custom, through the shcykh my assistant,
a small portion at a time of each of the required manuscripts: and even this I was unable to do until after the lapse of some
weeks. In the mean time, however, I had the good fortune to acquire a large folio-volume, consisting of nearly the whole of
the first tenth portion, of a copy of the great work to which I have alluded before as comprising in about one seventh part of
its contents the whole of the celebrated Kamoos. This work, entitled "Taj cl-'Aroos" (^-j^ill --U), a compilation from the best
and most copious Arabic lexicons, in the form of a running commentary on the Kamoos, with necessary critical and other
illustrations, original, and selected from various authors of high repute, fully justified my expectation. I found, from the
portion before me, that it would of itself alone suffice to supply the means of composing an Arabic lexicon far more accurate
and perspicuous, and incomparably more copious, than any hitherto published in Europe. But I should not have been satisfied
with making use of it for such a purpose without being able to refer to several of the most important of the works from which

it was compiled.

-

Of these works, and others particularly deserving of notice, as well as of the Taj cl-'Aroos itself, and of the principles of
Arabic lexicology, I must now endeavour to give a brief account. In doing this, I shall frequently have occasion to cite the
"Muzhir" of Es-Suyootee, a compilation of the utmost value to students in general, and more especially to lexicographers, of the
Arabic language. Its author died in the year of the Flight 911, a date to be borne in mind in perusing my extracts from it.
I possess a most excellent copy of it, (written by a learned man, the shcykh Nasr El-Hoorccncc, with the exception of a
portion which, while he was suffering from an attack of ophthalmia, was written for him by one of his disciples,) transcribed
from the best that is known to exist in Cairo, (namely, that of Es-Seja'ec, in the library of the great mosque El-Azhar,) and
enriched with copious marginal notes.

What is called the classical language of Arabia, often termed by the Arabs " the language of Ma'add," and " the
language of Mudar," is a compound of many sister-dialects, very little differing among themselves, which were spoken
throughout nearly the whole of the Peninsula before the religion of Mohammad incited the nation to spread its conquering
armies over foreign countries. Before that period, feuds among the tribes, throughout the whole extent of their territory, had
prevented the blending of their dialects into one uniform language; but this effect of disunion was counteracted in a great
measure by the institution of the sacred months, in which all acts of hostility were most strictly interdicted, and by the annual
pilgrimage, which had obtained from time immemorial, and the yearly fair held at 'Ok&dh, at which the poets of various
tribes, during a period of about a century before the birth of Mohammad, or perhaps during a somewhat longer period,
contended for the meed of general admiration.*

• Respecting this fair, sec sonic extracts from the first of M. Frcsnel's " Lettrcs sur 1'IIistoirc des Arabcs avant I'lslamisme" in Note 18 to the
first chapter of my Translation of the Thousand and One Nights.

PREFACE. vii

" Katiideh says that the tribe of Kureysh used to cull what -was most excellent in the dialects of the Arabs, so that their
dialect became the most excellent of all." (Taj el-'Aroos, in article ,_>;*: and the like is said in the 9th Section of the Muzhir.)
This assertion, however, is not altogether correct : for many of the children of the tribe of Kureysh, in the time of Mohammad,
were sent into the desert to be there nursed in order to their acquiring the utmost chasteness of speech. Mohammad himself
was sent to be nursed among the tribe of Saad Ibn-Bekr Ibn-Hawazin, descendants of Mudar, but not in the line of Kureysh :
and he is said to have urged the facts of his being of Kureysh and having grown up among the tribe of Saad as the grounds of
his claim to be tlic most chaste in speech of the Arabs. It is evident, therefore, that Kureysh, in his time, were less chaste
in spcecli than some other tribes ; though the truth of this asserted saying of his rests, I believe, only on the authority of a
Saadcc, who may have forged it in order to raise the reputation of his own tribe for purity of speech. From distant tribes,
Kureysh probably borrowed little. The dialect of Himycr, confined mainly to El- Yemen, and allied much more to the Ethiopic and
the Hebrew than to the language of Ma'add, contributed to this last language little more than a small proportion of words. For
our knowledge of it, which is very scanty, we are chiefly indebted to the researches of M. Fresnel, who discovered a surviving
idiom of it, spoken chiefly in the district of Mahreh, between Iladramowt and 'Oman : hence it has been termed " Mahrce ;"
and from the name of the tribe who speak it, M. Fresnel gave it the appellation of "Ehhkili," or "Ehkili." The author of
the " Misbah" (El-Fciyoomcc) says, in article ^,, " The language of the people of Mahreh, which is a district of 'Oman, is quick,
and scarcely, or not at all, intelligible [to other Arabs], and is of the ancient Ilimyerce."

The language of Ma'add was characterized by its highest degree of perfection, copiousness, and uniformity, in the time
of Mohammad; but it soon after declined, and at length lost almost all that constituted its superiority over the other branches
of the Semitic stock in the states in which these arc known to us. It is evident that all the Semitic languages diverged from
one form of speech : and the known history of the Arabic is sufficient, I think, to show that the mixture of the several
bianchrs of the Shcmites, in different degrees, with different foreign races, was the main cause, if not of the divergence, at least
of the decay, of their languages, as exemplified by the Biblical Hebrew and Chaldee, and the Christian Syriac. That their
divergence also was thus mainly caused, we cannot prove; but that this was the case I do not doubt, judging from the
differences in their vocabularies, more especially from the differences of this kind in the Hebrew and Phoenician from the other
Semitic languages. The existence of at least one language widely differing from the Semitic very long before the age of Moses
is proved by the remains of the ancient Egyptian, from the time of the Pyramids; a language predominantly Semitic in its
grammar, but predominantly Non-Semitic in its vocabulary; and evidently a compound of two heterogeneous forms of speech.
The opinion, common among the learned of the Arabs, that the Arabic is the offspring of the Syriac, apparently suggested by-
a comparison of their vocabularies and by false notions of development, is simply absurd, unless by "the Syriac" we
understand a lost language very different from that which is known to us by this appellation.* Every language without a
written literature tends to decay more than to development by reason of foreign influences ; and the history of the Arabic
exhibits an instance of decay remarkably rapid, and extraordinary in degree. An immediate consequence of the foreign
conquests achieved by the Arabs under Mohammad's first four successors was an extensive corruption of their language: for
the nations that they subdued were naturally obliged to adopt in a great measure the speech of the conquerors, a speech which
few persons have ever acquired in such a degree as to be secure from the commission of frequent errors in grammar without
learning it from infancy. These nations, therefore, and the Arabs dwelling among them, concurred in forming a simplified
dialect, chiefly by neglecting to observe those inflections and grammatical rules which constitute the greatest difficulty of the
classical Arabic: in the latter half of the first century of the Flight, this simplified dialect became generally spoken in the
foreign towns and villages inhabited by the Arabs ; and it gradually became the general language throughout the deserts, as
well as the towns and villages, of Arabia itself. That such a change took place, in the language of the Arabs inhabiting
foreign towns and villages, at this period, is shown by several anecdotes interspersed in Arabic works, and amply confirmed in

• Many among the Jews, the Syrians, and the Fathers of the Christian Church, held that the Aramaic or the Syriac was the language of Adam.

viii PREFACE.

the older Arabic lexicons and other lexicological works by instances of the necessity of appeals to contemporary Arabs of the
desert, respecting points of grammar, by learned men whose parents lived in the first century of the Flight The celebrated
lexicologist El-Asma'ee, who was born in the year of the Flight 123, and lived to the age of 92 or 93, was not a sound
grammarian. (See De Sacy's " Anthol. Gr. Ar." p. 49 of the Arabic text.) And even Seebaweyh, who was contemporary,
during the whole of his comparatively short life, with El-Asma'ee, appears to have erred in grammar. (See p. 133 of the
present work.) Ibn-Seedch says, in the " Mohkam," in art. fc^,, (voce ££-,) that El-Asma'ee was not a grammarian : and in
art. ^jZ, (voce 4>aP> as P^- °^ Vj^>) ^ e remarks that Ibn-El-Aarabee (who calls ^jl> pi. of 4>ji») was ignorant of grammar.
In short, not a single instance is known of any one's having acquired a perfect knowledge of the grammar of the classical
Arabic otherwise than by being brought up among Arabs who retained that language uncorrupted. The Khaleefeh El-Weleed
(who reigned near the close of the first century of the Flight), the son of 'Abd-El-Melik, spoke so corrupt a dialect that he
often could not make himself understood by the Arabs of the desert. A ridiculous instance of the mistakes occasioned by
his use of the simplified language which is now current is related by Abul-Fida. The rapid progress of the corruption of
the language among the learned is the more remarkable when it is considered that many of these, in the first and second
centuries of the Flight, were very long-lived: for in a list of the most celebrated Arabic lexicologists and grammarians,
in the 48th Section of the Muzhir, the first five whose lengths of life are defined attained the following ages : 92, 74, 93, 96
or 97 or 98 or 99, and 92 or 93 : the first of these (Yoonus) was born in the year 90 of the Flight; and the last, in the year
123; this being El-Asma'ee. This series of five is broken only by one, whose length of life is not known. In some
few spots, the language of Ma'add long lingered ; and it may perhaps even survive to the present day ; as appears from the
following curious statement in the Kamoos (article j£&): "'Akadis a certain mountain, near Zebeed, [a well-known city in
the western seaboard of El- Yemen,] the inhabitants of which retain the chaste language:" to which is added in the Tilj
el-'Aroos, that they retain this language "to the present time [the middle of the eighteenth century]: and the stranger remains
not with them more than three nights, [the period prescribed by the law for the entertainment of a stranger,] by reason of
[their] fear for [the corruption of] their language." But instances of the corruption of the classical Arabic are related (in the
44th Section of the Muzhir) as having occurred even in the life-time of Mohammad.

Such being the case, it became a matter of the highest importance to the Arabs to preserve the knowledge of that
speech which had thus become obsolescent, and to draw a distinct line between the classical and post-classical languages.
For the former language was that of the Kur-an and of the Traditions of Mohammad, the sources of their religious, moral,
civil, criminal, and political code: and they possessed, in that language, preserved by oral tradition, — for the art of writing,
in Arabia, had been almost exclusively confined to Christians and Jews, — a large collection of poetry, consisting of odes and
shorter pieces, which they esteemed almost as much for its intrinsic merits as for its value in illustrating their law. Hence
the vast collection of lexicons and lexicological works composed by Arabs, and by Muslims naturalized among the Arabs;
which compositions, but for the rapid corruption of the language, would never have been undertaken. In the aggregate of
these works, with all the strictness that is observed in legal proceedings, as will presently be shown, the utmost care and
research have been employed to embody everything that could be preserved or recovered of the classical language; the result
being a collection of such authority, such exactness, and such copiousness, as we do not find to have been approached in the
case of any other language after its corruption or decay.

The classical language they called, by reason of its incomparable excellence, * el-loghah," or " the language :" and the
line between this and the post-classical was easily drawn, on account of the almost sudden commencement, and rapid progress,
of the corruption. It was decided by common consent, that no poet, nor any other person, should be taken as an absolute and
unquestionable authority with respect to the words or their significations, the grammar, or the prosody, of the classical
language, unless he were one who had died before the promulgation of El- Islam, or who had lived partly before and partly
after that event; or, as they term it, unless he were a "Jahilee" or a "Mukhadram," or (as some pronounce it) "Mukhadrim,"

PREFACE.

or "Muhadram," or "Muhadrim." A poet of the class next after the Mukhadrams is termed an "Isldmee:" and as the
corruption of the language had become considerable in his time, even among those who aimed at chasteness of speech, he is not
cited as an authority absolutely and unquestionably like the two preceding classes. A poet of the next class, which is the hit,
is termed a "Muwelled:" he is absolutely postal assical ; and is cited as an unquestionable authority with respect only to the
rhetorical sciences. The commencement of the period of the Muwelleds is not distinctly stated: but it must have preceded
the middle of the second century of the Flight ; for the classical age may be correctly denned as having nearly ended
with the first century, when very few persons born before the establishment of El-Islam through Arabia were living. Thus
the best of the Islamee poets may be regarded, and are generally regarded, as holding classical rank, though not as being
absolute authorities with respect to the words and the significations, the grammar, and the prosody, of the classical language.
The highest of all authorities, however, on such points, prosody of course excepted, is held by the Arabs to be the Kur-dn.
The Traditions of Mohammad are also generally held to be absolute authorities with respect to everything relating to the prose
of the classical language; but they are excluded by some from the class of absolute authorities, because traditions may be
corrupted in language, and interpolated, and even forged. Women are often cited as authorities of equal rank with men : and
in like manner, slaves reared among the Arabs of classical times are cited as authorities equally With such Arabs. (See the
word **& in the present work; and see also ^ and^^ and ^*lt and Jfc.)

The poetry of the Jdhilees and Mukhadrams consists, first, of odes (termed j»2> plural of i*J), which were regarded
as complete poems, and which were all designed to be chanted or sung: secondly, of shorter compositions, termed pieces
(-Ll plural of a^5); many of which were also designed to be chanted or sung: and thirdly, of couplets, or single verses. In
thefirst of these classes are usually included all poems of more than fifteen verses : but few odes consist of much less than fifty
verses or much more than a hundred. Of such poems, none has been transmitted, and none is believed to have existed, of an
age more than a few generations (probably not more than three or four or five) anterior to that of Mohammad. It is said in
the 49th Section of the Muzhir, on the authority of Mohammad Ibn-Seldm El-Jumahee, that "the pristine Arabs had no
poetry except the few verses which a man would utter in his need: and odes (kaseedehs) were composed, and poetry made
long only [for the first time] in the age of 'Abd-El-Muttalib [Mohammad's grandfather], or Hashim Ibn-'Abd-Mendf [his
great-grandfather]." And shortly after, in the same Section of that work, it is said, on the same authority, that "the first
who composed poems of this kind was El-Muhelhil Ibn-Rabee'ah Et-Teghlibee, on the subject of the slaughter of his brother
Kuleyb •" - he was maternal uncle of Imra-el-Keys* Ibn-Hojr El-Kindee." - Or, according to 'Omar Ibn-Shebbeh, each tribe
claimed priority for its own poet; and not merely as the author of two or three verses, for such they called not a poem: the
Yemdnees claimed for Imra-el-Keys; and Benoo-Asad, for 'Abeed Ibn-El-Abras ; and Teghlib, for [E1-] Muhelhil; and Bekr,
for 'Amr Ibn-Ramee-ah and El-Murakkish El-Akbar; and Iydd, for Aboo-Du-dd: and some assert that El-Afwah El-Azdee
was older than 'these, and was the first who composed kaseedehs: but these for whom priority in poetry was claimed were
nearly contemporary; the oldest of them probably not preceding the Flight by a hundred years, or thereabout. Thaalab says,
in his 'Amdlee/ El-Asmaee says that the first of the poets of whom is related a poem extending to thirty verses is [E1-]
Muhelhil: then, Dhu-eyb Ibn-Kaab Ibn-'Amr Ibn-Temeem Ibn-Damreh, a man of Benoo-Kindneh ; and El-Adbat Ibn-Kureya:
and he says, Between these and El-Isldm was four hundred years: and Imra-el-Keys was long after these." But this is
inconsistent with the assertion of Ibn-Seldm mentioned above, made also by En-Nawawee in his " Tahdheeb el-Asma," p. 163,
that El-Muhelhil was maternal uncle of Imra-el-Keys: and as the majority refer El-Muhelhil to a period of about a century
before the Flight, we have a double reason for holding this period (not that of four hundred years) to be the more probably

• This name is generally pronounced thus, or " Imr-el-$eys," by the
learned among the Arabs in the present day; for most of them regard it as
pedantic to pronounce proper names in the classical manner. The classical
pronunciation is " Imraii-l-^eys" and » Imruu-l-^eys" and Imru-1-

Keys ;" in the last instance without hemzeh, because (as is said ;n the
Tahdheeb and the Taj el-'Aroos on the authority of El-Kisa-ee and El-
Farra) this letter is often dropped.

X PREFACE.

correct. According to Ibn-Kuteybch, the time of Imra-cl-Keys was forty years before that of Mohammad ; as is stated in the
Calcutta edition of the Mo'allakat. M. Fresnel contends that the honour commonly ascribed to El-Muhelhil is due to Zuhcyr
Ibn-Jemlb El-Kclbee, of whose poetry at least seventy-nine verses have been preserved, fragments of different poems, including
a piece of fifteen verses, of which the first hemistich of the first verse rhymes with the second hemistich, according to rule
But this Zuheyr, during a portion of his life, is related to have been contemporary with El-JfuheM. In a fragment ascribed
to him, he represents himself (if the fragment be genuine) to have lived two hundred years: and one tradition assigns to him
a life of two hundred and fifty years ; another, four hundred years ; and another, four hundred and fifty years!*— Upon the
whole, then, it seems that wo may with probability refer the first kasccdeh to a period within a century and a half, at the
utmost, before the Flight.

Mohammad said, on being asked, " Who is the best of the poets 1" " Imra-el-Keys will be the leader of the poets to

Hell." And in the general estimation of the Arabs, he is the most excellent of all their poets. II is Mo'allakah is most

especially admired by them. Of the pagan and unbelieving poets who flourished before and during the time of Mohammad, El-

Bcydawce sarcastically remarks (on chap. xxvi. verses 224 and 225 of the Kur-j'm, in which, and in the verse that next follows,

they arc censured as seducers, bewildered by amorous desire, and vain boasters,) " Most of their themes are unreal fancies, and

their words chiefly relate to the description of the charms of women under covert, and amorous dalliance, and false arrogations

or professions, and the rending of reputations, and the impugning of the legitimacy of parentages, and false threatening, and

vain boasting, and the praise of such as do not deserve it, with extravagance therein." The like is also said in the Kcshsluif,

(on the same passage of the Kur-iln,) and in too large a degree we must admit it to be just ; but it is very f:ir from being

unexceptionable. The classical poetry is predominantly objective, sensuous, and passionate ; witli little imagination, or fancy,

except in relation to phantoms, or spectres, and to jinn, or genii, and other fabulous beings ; and much less artificial than

most of the later poetry, many of the authors of which, lacking the rude spirit of the Bedawecs, aimed chiefly at mere

elegancies of diction, and plays upon words. Generally speaking, in the chissical poetry, the descriptions of nature, of the lifr

of the desert, of night-journeyings and day-journcyings, with their various incidents, of hunting, and stalking, and lurking for

game, of the tending of camels, of the gathering of wild honey, and similar occupations, are most admirable. And very curious

and interesting, as will be shown by many citations in the present work, arc its frequent notices (mostly by early Muslim

poets) of the- superstitions that characterized, in the pagan times, the religion most generally prevailing throughout Arabia ;

in which, with the belief in a Supreme Deity, with strange notions of a future state, and with angdolatry, sistrolatry, and

idolatry, was combined the lowest kind of fetishism, chiefly the worship of rocks and stones and trees, probably learned from

Negroes, of whom the Arabs have always had great numbers as slaves, and with whom they have largely intermixed.

Sententious language consisting of parallel clauses, like that of the so-called " poetical books" of the Bible, was probably often

employed by tho Arabs of every age. It seems to be almost natural to their race when excited to eloquence. But the

addition of rhyme in this style of language appears to have become common in the later times. Mohammad Ibn-Et-Teiyib

El-FAsee says (in article ^.Ua. of his Annotations on the Knmoos) that the oration termed *!&*., in the Pagan and the early

Muslim ages, was, in most instances, not in rhyming prose. The remains of classical prose are often used as authorities ; but

being more liable to corruption, they are regarded as less worthy of reliance than the poetry .t

• See the first nnd second and third of M. FrcsneFs " Lettrcs sur
l'Histoirc des Arabcs avant l'lslamisme:" the second and third in the
" Journal Asiatique," 3rd Series, vols. 3 and 5.

t Thoso who desire to pursue the study of the history of the classical
Arabic beyond tho limits to which I have here confined my remarks,
together with that of its sister-languages, will find much learned and
valuable information in M. Kenan's " Histoire Generate et Systeme
Compare des Langues Semitiques;" though his scepticism in relation to

questions merely philological (as well as to sacred mutters) is often, iu
my opinion, ill-grounded and unreasonable. I must particularly remark
upon his erroneous assertion that the poems of the U"c anterior to El-
Islam make no allusion to the ancient religions of Arabia, and hence
appear to have been expurgated by Muslims, so as to efface all traces of
paganism. Many of such allusions, by pagan poets, might be adduced
from lexicons, grammars, and scholia ; and some examples of them will
be found in the present work, in articles j^j and jc- and i« Sec. ; tho

[first

PREFACE.

XI

Such are the principal original sources from which the Arabic lexicons and lexicological works have been derived.
Another source consisted of phrases and single words transmitted from the Arabs of classical times, or from those later Arabs
of the desert who were believed (though they were not regarded as unquestionable authorities) to have retained the pure
language of their ancestors. The earlier of these are often called, by the lexicologists, fyii ^i\ J as in the 1st Section of the
Muzhir, where it is said that the transmission (JlSi) should be " from such as l^WI V> JI, like [the descendants of] Kahtan
and Ma'add and 'Admin; not from those after them; after the corruption of their language, and the varying of the
Muwelleds." El-Jowharee, as will presently be seen, applies the appellation a^Uii v> 0l even to desert-Arabs of his own time ;
but in doing so, he deviates from the general usage of the lexicologists. As is said in the 6th Section of the Muzhir, the
transmitter must be a trustworthy person ; but may be a woman, and may be a slave, as we have before stated. The degrees
of credit to which the phrases and words thus transmitted are entitled arc distinguished by ranging them in the following
classes: 1st, (as is stated in the 3rd Section of the Muzhir,) the term ^ is applied to that which has been transmitted by
such a number of persons as cannot be supposed to have agreed to a falsehood: 2ndly, Jul (plural of ±J), to what have been
transmitted by some of the lexicologists, but are wanting in that which is required to justify the application, thereto, of the
former term; and what is thus transmitted is also termed ^&.: 3rdly, (as is said in the 5th Section,) #f (plural of £), to
what have been transmitted by only one of the lexicologists; and what is thus transmitted, if the transmitter is a person of
exactness, as Aboo-Zcyd and El-Khaleel and others, is admitted: 4thly, (as is said in the 15th Section,) ' M £> (plural of
^yu), to words known to be spoken only by one Arab. It was only when all other sources failed to supply what was wanted,
that recourse was had, by the writers of lexicons and lexicological works, to contemporary Arabs of the desert ; and I do not
find that much reliance was often placed upon these after the end of the third century of the Flight El-Jowharee, who died
near the close of the next century, states, in the short preface to his "Sihah," that what he had collected in El-'Irak for his
lexicon he "rehearsed by Up to [those whom he terms] a^UJl v > in their abodes in the desert (aJ>00 :" but this he seems to
have done rather to satisfy any doubts that he may have'had, and to obtain illustrations, than with the view of taking such
persons as authorities for words or phrases or significations. It is related of Aboo-Zeyd, in the 7th Section of the Muzhir, that
he said, "I do not say 'the Arabs say' unless I have heard it from these: Bckr Ibn-Hawazin and Bcnoo-Kilab and Benoo-
Hihil ; or from [the people of] the higher portion of the lower region, or [of] the lower of the higher :"* and that Yoonus used
the expression "the Trustworthy (i&i) told me from the Arabs;" that being asked, "Who is the Trustworthy V he answered,
"Aboo-Zcyd;" and being asked, "And wherefore dost thou not name him?" he answered, "He is a tribe, so I do not
name him."t

Most of the contents of the best Arabic lexicons was committed to writing, or to the memories of students, in the latter
half of the second century of the Flight, or in the former half of the next century. Among the most celebrated lexicological

first of these from the Mo'allaknh of Imra-cWKeys. It would have been
strange, indeed, if this had not l»ecn the case : for, except the l£ur-an,
nothing was so highly prized by the lexicologists as the pagan poetry :
every fragment of it was most valuable in their estimation, and most
carefully sought after and preserved ; and the intentional corruption of it
they regarded as almost a crime.

• "Aboo-'Amr said, 'The most chaste in speech, of men, are the
higher [in respect of territory] of [the tribe of] Temeem, and the lower of
[the tribe of] £eys :' nnd Aboo-Zeyd said, ' The most chaste in speech, of
men, arc [the people of] the lower portion of the higher region, and the
higher of the lower,' meaning the rear of [the tribe of] Hawazin ; the
people of the higher region being the people of El-Medeeneh, and those
around it, and those next it, and those near it, whose dialect he held to be
not the same as that [of Hawazin]." (Muzhir, 49th Section.) According
to the £amoos, the higher region (ii»WI) is " what is above Nejd, to the

land of Tihimeh, to the part behind Mekkeh; and certain town., or
villages outside El-Medecneh."

t The exclusion of post-classical words and significations in the best
Arabic lexicons, or their specification as such when they occur therein, is
of very great importance to us in the use that wc are often obliged to
make of those lexicons in interpreting the Hebrew Scriptures. Thus the
triumph of El-Islam, by occasioning the corruption of the Arabic language
and the composition of such lexicons, has rendered us a most signal
service. I have seldom noticed correspondences between the Arabic on
the one side and the Hebrew and other Semitic languages on the other,
because, though these are often illustrated by means of the incomparable
copiousness of the Arabic, the Arabic is rarely illustrated by them, and
because we have no such authorities for the interpretation of those
languages as we have for the interpretation of the Arabic.

xii

PREFACE.

works, general and special, of this period, are the " 'Eyn," commonly ascribed to El-Khalcel, who died in the year of the Flight
160 or 170 or 175 (aged 74); the "Nawadir" of El-Kisa-ce, who died in 182 or 183 or 189 or 192; tho " Jeem" and the
"Nawadir" and the work entitled " El-Ghareeb el-Musannaf" of Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybance, who died in 205 or 206 or 213
(aged 110 or 111 or 118); the "Nawadir" and the " Logluit" of El-Farra, who died in 207 (aged 67); the "Loghaf of
Aboo-'Obeydeh, who died 1n 208 or 209 or 210 or 211 (aged 96 or 97 or 98 or 99); the "Nawadir" and the "Loghat"
of Aboo-Zeyd, who died in 214 or 215 or 216 (aged 93); the "Ajnas" of El-Asma'ee, who died in 215 or 216 (aged 92 or
93) ; the work entitled "El-Ghareeb el-Musannaf" of Aboo-'Obeyd, who died in 223 or 224 or 230 (aged 67); and the
".Nawadir" of. Ibn-El-Aardbee, who died in 231 or 233 (aged 81 or 83): all mentioned near the close of the 1st Section of
the Muzhir. From these and similar works, either immediately or through the medium of others in which they arc cited, and
from oral tradition, and, as long as it could be done with confidence, by collecting information from Arabs of the desert, were
composed all the best lexicons, and commentaries on the classical poets &c. The most authoritative of such works are the
lexicons; and the most authoritative of these are, of course, generally speaking, the later, because every succeeding
loxicographcr profited by the critical research of his predecessors, and thus avoided or corrected errors committed by earlier
authors. The commentaries on the poets and on the Traditions have contributed largely to the lexicons. They often present
explanations that have been disallowed or questioned by eminent lexicographers; and therefore their statements, when uncon-
firmed by other authorities, must be received with caution : but in many cases their explanations are unquestionably accurate,
and they afford valuable aid by giving examples of words and phrases of doubtful meanings. The danger of relying upon a
single early authority, however high that authority may be, in any matter of Arabic lexicology, will be shown by innumerable
instances in the present work. I here speak of errors of judgment. In addition to these, we have mistranscription*. A
word once mistranscribed is repeated in copy after copy ; and at length, from its having been found in several copies, is
confidently regarded as correct.* The value of the larger and later and more esteemed lexicons cannot, therefore, be too
highly rated.

The first of the general lexicons is that which is commonly ascribed to El-Khalccl, entitled the "'Eyn" (J^i\ v d£>) ;
and this has served in a great measure as the basis of many others. In it the words are mentioned according to their
radical letters, as in all the best lexicons; but the letters are arranged, with the exception of I and ^, which arc classed with ^
for obvious reasons, nearly in the order of their places of utterance, as follows ; commencing with * (whence the title) :

Under each of these letters, in the foregoing order, except the last three which arc necessarily chissed together, arc mentioned
all the words of which the roots contain that letter without any letter of those preceding it in this arrangement : first, tho
bilitcral-radical words : then, the trilitcral-radical ; of which arc placed first the sound ; secondly the unsound in one letter ;
and thirdly the unsound in two letters : next, the quadrilitcral-radical : and lastly, the quinquelitcral-radioal. Thus, under
the letter ^ are mentioned all the words of which the roots contain that letter: under -., all the words of which the roots contain
that letter without ^: under ., all of which the roots contain that letter without c or -. : and so on. For instance, in the
section of the letter J, we find, in the first division, first, ^j ; then, oU and jj ; and so on: and in the second division, first, ju

* For instance, M. Frcsncl quoted (in the second of his " Lcttrcs
sur l'Histoire des.Arabcsavant l'lslamisme," in the "Journal Asiatique,"
3rd Series, vol. iii. pp. 330 ct scq.,) an extract from the " Kitiib cl-
Aghdncc," as containing, in the phrases ^jj U-n' ^t Ij^lj c-JU »- U
W *3^» two words supposed by him, and by his and my learned friend
the sheykh Mohammad 'Eiyad E{-Tan{awcc, (see pp. 324 ct seq. of that
letter,) to be wanting in all the Arabic dictionaries. One of these words
is written U*u, as alwve, in one of M. Frcsncl's copies of the " Kitab el-
Aghancc," three in number; in another copy, '« v>~ ; and in the third
copy, U-iJ: the other is in all the- copies UJ, as above: and they are

explained in that work, on the authority of Abu-1-Yakdhan El-Joafee
as meaning ^^uaJt J-^.3 >vtJ' y.i \j mid *-jj J-» »^»j *-jU sj\.
The former word is correctly U^l* or lauaJ, both infinitive nouns of
oouij. Ihc other word is a mistranscription for lw. My lamented
friend M. Fresnel was always glad to receive and admit a correction of
any of his own rare mistakes; and in his " Fourth Letter" he announced
that the sheykh Mohammad had afterwards rectified these two errors.

PREFACE.

xm

and j>b ; then, ^j and jj ; and so on : all the combinations of the same radical letters being arranged consecutively; and
the same order of letters being observed in all cases. Respecting the question of its authorship, which is involved in
much uncertainty, I have gathered from the 1st Section of the Muzhir what here follows. Es-Scerafee says that El-
Khalecl composed the first part of the 'Eyn. But most men deny [absolutely] its being his composition. Some say
that it is by Lcyth [or El-Lcyth] Ibn-Nasr Ibn-Seiyar El-Khurasanoe. El-Azhercc says tbat El-Leyth composed it, and
ascribed it to El-Khalccl in order that it might bocome in much request. Some say that El-Khalecl composed the
portion from the beginning to the end of the letter e, and El-Leyth completed it ; and therefore it is that the first part
docs not resemble the rest. Ibn-El-Moatezz relates, on the authority of the " Moajam el-TJdaba " of Yitkoot El-
Hamawce, that El-Khalecl made himself solely and peculiarly an associate of El-Leyth ; and when he composed the
'Eyn, assigned it to him : that El-Lcyth held it in very great estimation, and gave him a hundred thousand [dirhems] ;
and committed the half of it to memory :* but it happened that he purchased a highly-prized female slave, who, be-
coming jealous of the daughter of his paternal uncle [i. c. of his wife], and desiring to enrage him, which sho could not
do with respect to money as he would not care for her doing this, burned that book : and as no one else possessed a copy
of it, and El-Khalccl had then died, El-Lcyth dictated the half that he retained in his memory, and employed persons
to complete it uniformly with that half: and they made this composition which is in the hands of men. To account for
the mistakes occurring in the 'Eyn, Thaalab says, " El-Khaleel sketched it out, but did not fill it up ; and had he filled
it up, he had spared nothing in it ; for El-Khalccl was a man of whom tho like has not been seen : certain learned men
filled it up, 011 whose authority nothing has been related." It is also said that El-Khalecl composed, of this book, only
the section of the letter c, and his companion El-Leyth composed the rest, and named himself " El-Khalecl " [i. c. " tho
friend "] ; and that when he says, in the book, " El-Khalecl Ibn- Ahmad says," it is El-Khaleel ; and when he says,
absolutely, " El-Khalccl says," he speaks of himself : and that every flaw in tho book is from him ; not from El-Khaleel.
En-Nawawcc says that [according to some of the learned] tho 'Eyn ascribed to El-Khaleel is only what El-Leyth oollcctcd
from El-Khalccl. + The mistakes in the 'Eyn arc numerous ; and there are many interpolations in oopies thereof. Several
authors have applied themselves to point out and correct these faults : some, in works specially devoted to this object :
some, in abridgments of the 'Eyn or in other lexicons. But in general the mistakes are confined to matters of inflec-
tion and derivation ; not extending to tho insertion of false or unknown words : and such mistakes arc of light account. J

The following notices of other celebrated lexicons, composed after the 'Eyn, so far as to include tho
Kamoos, I borrow chiefly from the same section of the Muzhir; distinguishing my own additions by enclosing
them within square brackets.

Among the celebrated lexicons composed after tho model of the 'Eyn, is the '* Jcmharah " of Ibn-Dureyd,
[who is said to have died in the year of the Flight 321, and to have lived 93 years.] Some say that it is one of tho
best of lexicons ; and it has been taken as an authority by Aboo-'Alee El-Fariseo and Aboo-'Alee Fi-Kalee and Es-
Sccrafec and other eminent authors. Ibn-Jinneo disparages it for faults similar to those of the 'Eyn : and Niftawcyh,
whom Ibn-Dureyd had satirized, pronounced it to be untrustworthy; but without justice.

* Many of the Arabs have been remarkable for a tenacity of memory
almost miraculous. Several of them are related to have composed and
dictated from memory large works, including even lexicons. At school,
they generally lenrn the whole of the Kur-;in by heart, aided to do so by
its being composed in rhyming prose: and many students, among them,
when unable to purchase works necessary to them, borrow such works, a
portion at a time, from the libraries of the mosques, and commit their
entire contents to memory. Hence, in numerous instances, the variations
in copies of the same Arabic work ; copies being often written from the
dictation of persons who have learned a work by heart.

t lin-Nawawee also says, (see the printed edition of his Biographical
fck. r.

Dictionary, page 231,) that, according to some of the learned, "much of
what El-Azheree has transcribed in the Tahdheeb el-Loghah from the
Eyn is of the mistakes of Lcyth :" but this is inconsistent with the
estimation in which the Tahdheeb is held by lexicographers of the highest
repute. El-Azheree often points out what he terms mistakes of El-
Leyth, and corrects them',

J In the present work, whatever is given as on the authority of El-
Leyth is from the 'Eyn ; I believe, through the medium of the Tahdheeb
of El-Azheree, except, perhaps, in a very few instances : and from the
'Eyn also is generally derived (probably in almost every instance) what
is given as on the authority of El-KhaleeL

» T PREFACE.

The " Tahdheeb " of El-Azheree, [who was born in the year of the Plight 282, and died in the year 370 or 371.
This is a very excellent lexicon, and one from which I have largely drawn, immediately and through the medium of
the Lisan el-' Arab and of the Taj-el-' Aroos. Its arrangement is the same as that of the 'Eyn, which it calls " the book
of El-Leyth," and from which its contents are in a great measure derived. I possess a large portion of this work in a
volume of the "Tahdheeb et-Tahdheeb ;" and a small portion, consisting of 193 pages, of a copy in large 8vo., cor-
responding to a part of the former.]

The " Mohcet " of the Sahib Ibn-'Abbad. [Ibn-Khillikan* states that he was born in the year of the Flight
326, and died in 385: and describes this work as "in seven volumes; arranged in the order of the letters of tho
alphabet; copious in words, but having few confirmatory examples :" thus resembling the Kiimoos. Much has been
drawn from it in my own lexicon.]

Tho " Mujmal " of Ibn-Faris, [who died in the year of the Flight 390 or 395.] He restricted himself, in his
lexicon, to tho mention of genuine words ; excluding the unfamiliar and ignored ; on the authority of oral tradition,
and from books of good repute; aiming, as he says, at abridgment and conciseness. [His work is highly esteemed.
Tho arrangement is that of the usual order of the letters of the alphabet.]

The " Sihah," or, as some call it, " Sahah," of El- Jowharee, [commonly, now, pronounced " El-Joharce," who
died, according to Abu-1-Fida, in tho year of the Flight 398, and " was from Firab, a city of the country of the Turks,
beyond tho river," that is, beyond the Seyhoon : or, according to Ibn-Esh-Shihnch, he died in the year 397, as I,find
in two copies of his history in my possession : or, according to Hajjec Khalccfeh, in 393.] Et-Tcbrcczec says that it is
commonly known by the title of the ^Lf, which is pi. of ^J, , but that some call it the ^.LLZ, which is synonymous
with ^Ja. As its title imports, the author restricted himself to the mention of genuine words, like Ibn-Faris, his
contemporary. [But his lexicon is far more comprehensive, and more excellent in every respect, than that of Ibn-
Faris.] As he says in his preface, he composed it in an order which none had before pursued, [mentioning each word
according to the place of the last letter of the root, and then the first and second, in the usual order of the alphabet,]
after collecting the contents in El-'Irak, and rehearsing them by lip [as I have before mentioned] to [those whom he
torms] a^wi ^\ in their abodes in the desert (a^ui). Eth-Tha'alibee says that ho was one of the wonders of the ago.
His lexicon, however, is not free from instances of inadvertence or mistakes, like all great books ; and such as cannot
bo attributed to the copyists. Yakoot says, in the " Moajam el-Udaba,» that the cause of the mistranscriptions in it
was this : when he had composed it, it was read to him as far as [the section of] the letter ,>, and an evil suggestion
occurred to his mind, in consequence of which he cast himself from a housetop, and died : so the rest of the book
remained a rough draught, not pruned, or trimmed, nor fairly copied out ; and his disciple Ibrahecm Ibn-Salih El-
Warrak made a fair copy of it, and committed mistakes in some places in it. Ibn-Barrcc wrote a commentary, or
series of annotations, (^£* plural of a^u.,) on the Sihah, [an extremely valuable work] in which ho reached tho
middle [of the section] of the letter ^ ; and the sheykh 'Abd- Allah Ibn-Mohammad El-Bustec completed it. [But I
have invariably found passages from every part of it cited as the sayings of Ibn-Barree.] And Es-Saghanec, or, as
he is called by some, Es-S&ghanee, wrote a Tekmileh (&JS, i. e. Supplement) to the Sihah ; exceeding it in bulk. [Some
further remarks on the Sihah (my own copies of which have been already described) will be found in my account of tho
Kamoos. The abridgment entitled " Mukhtar es-Sihah " is well known : it is too scanty to be of much use except to
those who desire to commit to memory the most usual words and significations. A very superior abridgment is tho
" Jami' " of the seyyid Mohammad Ibn-es-seyyid-Hasan, which was finished, according to Hajjee Khalecfeh, in the
year of the Flight 854. It is copious, well digested, and enriched with additions from the Mughrib of El-Mutarrizee,
the Fa'ik of Ez-Zamakhsheree, the Nihayeh of Ibn-El-Atheer, &c. Of this work I possess a very good copy.]

• I have the express authority of the Taj el-' Aroos (in art. iUU.) for thus writing the name of this author.

PREFACE. xt

The "Jami"' of El-Kazzaz, [who died in the year of the Flight 412. Hajjee Khaleefeh mentions it as "an esteemed
oook, but rare." It is not unfrequently c : ted in the Taj el-'Aroos.]

The "Moo'ab" (thus, with fet-h to the c,) of Aboo-Ghalib Ibn-Teniam, [or, according to Ibn-Khillikan, Aboo-Ghdlib
Temdm,] known by the appellation of Ibn-Et-Teiyanee, [who died in the year of the Flight 436 ;] a work of very great utility,
consisting of what is correct of the contents of the 'Eyn, not omitting anything of the confirmatory examples from the Kur-an
and the Traditions and the genuine poems of the Arabs, but rejecting what it contains of examples respecting which there is
disagreement, and of mistranscribed words, and faulty formations ; and adding what Ibn-Dureyd lias added in the Jcmharah.
It is rarely found; for people have not persevered in transcribing it, but have rather inclined to the Jcmharah of Ibn-Dureyd
and the Mohkam of Ibn-Sccdch and the Jami' of El-Kazzaz and the Sihah &c.

The " Mohkam" of Ibn-Seedeh the Andalusian, who was blind, [as was also his father; and who died in the year of the
Flight 458, aged about GO years.] This is the greatest of the lexicological books [i. e. of the lexicons] composed since the age
of the Siliiih [to the time of the author of the Muzhir, of those known to him. It follows the arrangement of the 'Eyn; and
it is held in very high estimation for its copiousness, its accuracy, its critical remarks, and its numerous examples from
classical poets. In copiousness and in some other respects, it is superior, and in others hardly (if at all) inferior, to the Sihah.
It is one of the two chief sources of the Kainoos; the other being the 'Obab of Es-Sagluincc : and I have drawn from it very
largely, both immediately and through the medium of the Lisan el-'Arab and of the Taj cl-'Aroos, for my own lexicon. I
I>ossess the last fifth part of it in a volume of the "Tahdheeb et-Tahdhecb ;" and another large portion, and a smaller portion,
of a most admirable copy which has been dispersed, written in the year of the Flight G75, for the library of a Sultan,
apparently the celebrated Beybars.]

[The " Asiis " of Ez-Zamakhshcrce, who was born in the year of the Flight 4G7, and died in 538. This lexicon is a
very excellent repertory of choice and chaste words and phrases ; and especially and peculiarly valuable as comprising a very
large collection of tropical significations, distinguished as such, which has greatly contributed, by indirectly illustrating proper
significations as well as otherwise, to the value of my own lexicon, as my numerous citations of it will show, although I have
generally been obliged to draw from it through the medium of the Taj cl-'Aroos, which often does not name it in quoting it.
Its order is the same as that of the Mujmal, apparently in most copies : but some, which arc said to be abridged, follow the
order of the Sihah. 1

• • • J

[The "Mughrib" of El-Mutarrizec, who was born in Khuwarczm, in the year of the Flight 53G, and died in G10.
This is a lexicon of select words and. phrases, and particularly of such as occur in books of Traditions, and other works relating
to the law. It forms a very valuable companion and supplement to the other lexicons; and I have constantly consulted it and
drawn from it in composing the present work. Its arrangement of the roots is that of the usual order of the alphabet, with
respect to the first, second, and third letters of each. I possess a very excellent copy of it, written in the year of the Flight
977, presented to me by the Rev. J. R. T. Licdcr, late of the English Church-Mission in Cairo.]

The " 'Obab" of Es-Saghancc, or Es-Sagh&nee, [who was born in the year of the Flight 577, and died in GGO, according to
the Muzhir (48th Section), or, as is said in the Taj el-'Aroos (art. o*-0> in ^ 5 » on tlie authority of one who attended his funeral.]
This, after the Mohkam, is the greatest of the lexicological works composed since the age of the Sihah [to the time of the
author of the Muzhir, of those known to him. It was left unfinished. If, as I believe is the case, it follow the order of
the Sihah, the portion completed was somewhat more than three fourths; for] the author reached, in it, to the section of^c,:
which occasioned the saying,

xn PREFACE.

[" Verily Es-Saghdnee, who mastered the sciences and the doctrines of philosophy, the utmost of his case was that he reached
to jjif" which signifies " dumbness," &c. — Though a man of extensive learning, he was opiniative, and addicted to unjust
criticism of his superiors. A copy of the 'Obdb, and a copy of the same author's Supplement to the Sihah, before mentioned,
used by the author of the Taj cl-'Aroos, belonged to the library of the mosque of the Emecr Sarghatmish, in Cairo ; but on my
causing an inquiry to be made for them, the librarian declared that they were no longer found there. They have probably
been stolen ; or had not been returned by the author of the Taj el-'Aroos when he died ; on which occasion, it is said, his house
was plundered of the books &c. that he left.]

[The "Lisdn el-' Arab" of Ibn-Mukarram, who was born in the year of the Flight 630, and died in 711. In the copy
of his lexicon in the library of the collegiate mosque called the " Ashrafecych," in Cairo, consisting of twenty-eight quarto-
volumes, he is styled " Jcmdl-ed-Dcen Mohammad Ibn-csh-sheykh-el-imam-cl-marhoom-JcIdl-cd-Decn-Abi-l-'Izz-Mukarrain Ibn-
esh-sheykh-Ncjecb-cd-Dcen-Abi-1-Hasan-El-Ansiirce:" but in tlie Tsij cl-'Aroos, lie is almost always called Ibn-Mandhoor
( mAIi ^t). I shall give an account of this great work in describing the Taj cl-'Aroos.]

[The " Tahdhccb ct-Tahdhceb" of Mahmood Et-Tanoolchw, who died in the year of the Flight 723. It is a combination
of the contents of the Mohkain and Tahdhccb (the former occupying the (ir^t place in each article) with a few additions from other
sources. Thus it forms one of the best and most comprehensive of the Arabic lexicons, without any exceptions known to me but
the Lisiin el-'Arab and the Taj cl-'Aroos. Of the original autograph copy of this work, in five full-paged, large quarto-volumes,
I possess the last volume, consisting of 501 pages. I made a diligent search for the other volumes, but, without success.]

[The "Misb;uY;of El-Feiyoomcc (Ahmad Jim- Mohammad Ibn-'Alec El-Mukri). Its full title is " Kl-Misbah cl-Munccr
fee Chareeb csh-Sharh cl-Kebcer." This is a lexicon similar to the Mughrib, above mentioned; but. much more comprehensive;
forming a most valuable companion and supplement to the larger lexicons. Notwithstanding its title, it comprises a very large
collection of classical words and phrases and significations of frequent occurrence ; in many instances with more clear and full
explanations than I have found elsewhere. I have therefore constantly drawn from it in composing my own lexicon ; possessing
a very accurate copy of it, a full-paged quarto-volume of 742 pages. Its author states in it that he finished its composition in
the year of the Flight 734.]

[The " Mughnec," as it is commonly called, or " Mughni-1-Lcbccb," of the celebrated grammarian Ilm-IIishsim, who was
born in the year of the Flight 708, and died in 761 or the following year. A large work, whereof a little more than one half
consists of an elaborate lexicon of the particles and similar words, for which it is my chief authority, as it was, also, that of the
author of the Kiimoos, whose explanations of the particles arc, however, very meagre and unsatisfactory. I am fortunate in
possessing a most excellent copy of it, a quarto-volume of GOO pages.]

The " Kdmoos " of El-Fcyroozabadee, [or, as some pronounce it, EI-Fccroozdbddce, (from the city of FcnSzdbdd, or
Feerdzdbdd, pronounced by the Arabs Fcyroozdbad, or Fecroozdbdd,) who was born in the year of the Flight 729, and died in
816.*] This, after the Mohkam and the 'Obab, is the greatest of the lexicological works composed since the age of the Sihdh
[to the time of the author of the Muzhir, of those known to him] : but none of these three [ho adds] has attained to be as
much used as the Sihtlh ; nor has the rank of the Sihdh, nor its celebrity, been diminished by the existence of these ; because
it is restricted to what is genuine, so that it is, among the books of lexicology, like the Saheeh of El-Bukhdrcc among the books

* It is stated at the end of article j*-) in the T;ij cl-'Aroos that the
author of the Kiimoos wrote at the end of the first .volume of the second
copy of that work made by his own hand, which volume ended with the

article above mentioned, that he finished the transcription of (hat volume
in Dhu-l-Itijjeh 7G8.

TREFACE. xvn

of traditions ; for the point upon which turns the title to reliance is not the copiousness of the' collection, but the condition of
genuineness, or correctness. [The judgment thus expressed, as to the rank and celebrity of the Sihah, in comparison with the
Kamoos, I have found to agree with the opinion of the most learned men among the Arabs with whom I have been acquainted.
But to insinuate that the words and significations added in the latter of these lexicons to those of the former are generally less
genuine, or less correct, is not just : they may be truly said to be generally less chaste, inasmuch as they are less usual : but
their collector has undoubtedly rendered a great service to the students of Arabic by these additions, which have of late years
caused the copies of his lexicon to become much more numerous than those of the Sihah. The value of the Sihah consists in
its presenting a very judicious collection of the most chaste words, with critical illustrations from the best of the lexicologists,
and examples from the best of the classical poets. The Kamoos is little more than what may be termed an enormous
vocabulary ; a collection of words and significations from preceding lexicons and similar works, (for otherwise, according to the
principles of Arabic lexicology as universally taught, they would be of no authority,) mainly from the Mohkam and the 'Obab;
with very few critical observations, many of which arc false,* and scarcely any examples from the poets. Thus it resembles
the Mohcct of Ibn-'Abbad, before mentioned. In order to make room for his numerous additions, desiring that the bulk of his
took should be nearly the same as that of the Sihah, the author has often abridged his explanations in such a manner as to
render them unintelligible to the most learned of the Arabs, and has omitted much of what is most valuable of the contents of
the latter work, But he has frequently deviated from this his usual practice for the purpose of inserting criticisms of others,
without acknowledgment, and apparently some few of his own, upon points in the Sihah in which its author is asserted to have
erred; and this he has often done so as to lead to the belief that the author of the Sihah has affirmed what he has merely
quoted from another. Many of these criticisms I havc^found to have been borrowed from the Annotations on the Sihah by
Ibn-Barrcc and El-Bust.ee, or from the Supplement to the Sihah by Es-Saghance: generally when they arc false, (which is
often the case,) though sometimes when they are correct, from the latter of these works. I have fell it to be my duty to make
thews remarks in defence of El-Jowharce, and for the sake of truth. Abundant proofs of their correctness will be found in my
own lexicon. They may surprise many, who have not known the fact that the Kamoos is very little more than an abridged
compilation from other works: and another fact, to be mentioned in the next paragraph, which will be in a measure
supplementary to this brief account of the Kamoos, will probably surprise them more. — This is the latest of the lexicons
noticed in the Muzhir: therefore I have no further occasion for the use of the square brackets to distinguish my own statements
or opinions from those of the author of that work, which has thus far afforded me so much aid in my account of the
principles of Arabic lexicology, and of the most celebrated Arabic lexicons, as well as in my remarks on the history of the
language. My own, most valuable, manuscript-copy of the Kamoos, which I have already described, has been of very great
use to me, though its text is generally most correctly given in the Taj el-'Aroos. I have also constantly had before me the
edition printed at Calcutta. This is certainly more accurate than most of the manuscript-copies; but it contains countless
false readings, which show that, in many instances, the editor, notwithstanding his unquestionable learning and his possession
of eleven copies, did not understand what he edited. It seems that he must often have given the worst of the readings of his
originals, from neglecting to study the passages in which they occur. I have not thought it necessary to mention all of the
false readings in his edition ; but I have mentioned many of them.]

The "Li'iini'" of El-Fcyroozabadee. Its full title is"El-Liimi' el-Moalara el-'Ojab cl-Jami* beyn el- Mohkam wa-1-
'Obiib." From some words in the preface to the Kamoos, it has been inferred that the author of that work had composed a
lexicon in sixty volumes, bearing the foregoing title, from which, chiefly, he composed, or abridged, the Kamoos, in two
volumes. But in a very learned work, of Annotations on the Kamoos, by Mohammad Ibn-Et-Teiyib El-Fasec, it is clearly

• The judgment and memory of its author are often in fault: for
instance, in article ^/^ he disallows the expression j^a-JI j^i^, and in
art. -— ?} he uses it ; and in article -— 6 he disallows ._~o as syn. with

a

~i>, and in article ~-~6 he authorizes it : and many similar instances
might be mentioned.

XV1I1

PREFACE.

shown that tho words from which this inference has been drawn really signify dt,t the author of the Lami' commenced (not that
he completed) this work, and made it, as far as it extended, to surpass every other work of a similar kind; but that he
imagined it would be, in sixty volumes, too large for students to acquire or read ; and, being requested to compose before it a
conc.se lexicon, he applied himself to the composition of the Kamoos, and abridged the matter of which the Lami' was to have
cons.sted, so a, to comprise the essence of each thirty of the intended volumes in one volume. Thus the words in question are
so far from b.ing a proof of the completion of the Lami', that their literal meaning indicates the very contrary of this. They
arc not, however, the only evidence that we have on this point : for the same eminent scholar to whose Annotations on the
Kamoos I have referred above quotes, from the biographical memoir of the author of the Lami* in the "Tabakat cn-Nohah" of
Es-Suyootcc, the direct assertion that this work was never completed. He also states, as docs likewise" the 'author of the Taj
cl-'Aroos, that more than one writer has transmitted, on the authority of the handwriting of its author, a proof of its non-
completion : for they relate the fact of his having written upon the back of the Lami' that, if he had been able to complete it,
.t wouhl have composed a hundred volumes, [of what size he does not give the least notion,] and that he completed Ave
volumes of it. This, it should be observed, is not inconsistent with what has been said before : it appears that the work would
have consisted of a hundred volumes, each of the size of one of the five volumes that were completed; or would have composed
sixty larger volumes. 13ut I rather incline to think that its author roughly calculated, at one time, that the whole would
consist of a hundred volumes; and at another time, that it would consist of sixty; and that both estimates are greatly beyond
the truth. The non-completion of the Lami' is therefore certain; but this is not so much to be regretted as some persons
might imagine from its author's statement respecting it in his preface to the Kamoos; for the work appears, from its title, to
have been, as far as it extended, with respect to the words ami significations, mainly a compilation uniting the contents of the
Mohkam and the 'Obab, and neither of these lexicons has been lost to the world. From a reference to it in article <* of the
Kamoos, (in which the author asserts his having disproved an opinion respecting the signification of ^ without stating
that El-Azherec had done so more than five centuries before,) it seems that the Lami' (seeing how small a portion of k
was completed) followed the order of the 'Eyn and the Mohkam ; for article <S is in tho third of the main divisions of these
two works, but in the last but two of those of the Kamoos. Considering this fact, and that the main divisions of the 'Eyn and
the Mohkam necessarily decrease in length from first to last, I suppose that the author of the five volumes of the Lami' wrote
them, agreeably with a common practice, with large margins for additions, and calculated that, with these additions, each of
the five volumes would form at least three.

The "Taj cl-'Aroos," the enormous extent of which I have mentioned in the second paragraph of this preface, is said to.
have been commenced, in Cairo, soon after the middle of the last century of our era, by the scyyid Murtada Ez-Zcbccdec. At
the end of a copy of it in his own handwriting, he states that it occupied him fourteen years and some days. According to
the modern historian of Egypt, El-Jabartcc, he was born A.D. 1732 or 1733 : came to Cairo A.D. 1753: finished the Taj
cl-'Aroos A.D. 17G7 or 17G8 : and died A.D. 1791 (in the year of the Flight 1205). And the same historian says that
Mohammad IJcy Abu-dh-Dhahab, for the copy of that work which is in tho library of his mosque, gave him a hundred
thousand dirhems (or drachms) of silver. It is a compilation from tho best and most copious of the preceding Arabic lexicons
and other lexicological works, in the form of an interwoven commentary on the Kamoos; exhibiting fully and" clearly, from the
original sources, innumerable explanations which are so abridged in the latter work as to be unintelligible to the most learned
men of the East; with copious illustrations of the meanings &c, corrections of mistakes in the Kamoos and other lexicons, and
examples in prose and verse ; and a very lanrc collection of additional words and significations, mentioned under the roots
to which they belong. Of the works from which it is compiled, though I believe that it was mainly derived in the first
instance from the Lisan el-' Arab, more than a hundred arc enumerated by the seyyid Murtada in his preface. Among these
arc— 1. The " Sihah," a copy in eight volumes, in the handwriting of Yakoot Er-lloomcc, with useful marginal notes
determining the corrcat readings &c. by Ibn-Barree [and El-Bustec] and Aboo-Zekcrceya Et-Tebrcczcc ; in the library [of the
collegiate mosque] of the Emeer Ezbck.— 2. The «• Tahdhceb" of El-Azhcree, a copy in sixteen volumes.— 3. The "Mohkam"

PREFACE. *i*

of Ibn-Seedeh, a copy in eight volumes.— 4. The " Tahdheeb el-Abniyeh wa-l-Af al," by Ibn-El-Kattda, in two volumes.—
5. The " Lisan el-' Arab," by the Imam Jemdl-ed-Deen Mohammad Ibn-'Alee El-Ifreekee, [whose appellations I have more
fully given before, commonly called (in the Taj el-'Aroos) " Ibn-Mandhoor,"] in twenty-eight volumes, the copy transcribed
from the original draught of the author, during his life-time: [of this copy I have often made use in composing my Own
lexicon; and I have found it very helpful, especially in enabling me to supply syllabical signs, which are too often omitted in
the copies of the Taj el-'Aroos :] its author followed closely, in its composition, the Sihdh, the Tahdheeb, the Mohkam, the
Nihdych, the Annotations of Ibn-Barree [and El-Bustce on the Sihdh], and the Jemharah of Ibn-Dureyd: [he also drew from
innumerable other sources, to which he refers in his work.] — 6. The "Tahdheeb et-Tahdheeb" of Abu-th-Thena Mahraood Ibn-
Abce-Bekr Ibn-Hdmid Et-Tanookhce, a copy in five volumes, [of which, as I have already mentioned, I possess the last,] the
original draught of the author, who closely followed, in its composition, the Sihdh, the Tahdheeb, and the Mohkam, with the
utmost accuracy: he died in the year of the Flight 723. — 7. The " Kitdb el-Ghareebeyn" of Aboo-'Obeyd El-Harawee.—
8. The "Nihiiyeh fee Gharecb cl-Hadceth," by Ibn-El-Athccr [Mejd-cd-Dcen] El-Jezeree.— 9. The " Kifdyet el-Mutahaffidh,"
by lbn-El-Ajddbcc, with Expositions thereof.— 10. The " Fascch" of Thaalab, with three Expositions thereof.— 1 1 und 12. The
"Fikh cl-Loghah" and the work entitled " El-Muddf wa-1-Mcnsoob," each by Aboo-Mansoor Eth-Tha'dlibee. — 13 and 14. The
" 'Obiib" and the " Tckmilch fi-fi-Rihdb," each by Er-Radcc Es-Saghdnee, in the library [of the mosque] of the Emeer
Sarghatmish.— 15. The "Misbah" [of El-Fciyoomce].— 1G. The "Takrccb" of Ibn-Khateeb.— 17. The " Mukhtdr es-Sihdh,"
by Er-Rdzco. — 18, 19, nnd 20. The "Asds" and the "Fdlk" and the " Mustakseen-1-Amthdl,'' all three by Ez-Zamakhsheree.—
21. The "Jemharah" of Ibn-Dureyd, in four volumes, in the library [of the mosque] of El-Mr-eiyad.— 22. The " Isldh cl-
Miintik" of Ibn-Es-Sikkect.— 23 and 24. The "Khasdi's" of Ibn-Jinnee, and the "Sirr cs-Sind'ah" of the same author. —
25. The " MujnuU" of Ibn-Fdris. — Many other works of great value arc included in the same list. And the Annotations on
the Kamoos by his preceptor, Mohammad Ibn-Et-Tciyib El-Fascc, (before mentioned, in my account of the Lami',) must be
especially noticed as a very comprehensive and most learned work, from which the seyyid Murtada derived much valuable
matter to incorporate in the Taj el-'Aroos. From these Annotations of 'Mohammad El-Fusee, which have often served to
explain to me obscure passages in the Taj el-'Aroos, and from several others of the most celebrated of the works used by the
scyyid Murtada, I have drawn much matter which he omitted as not necessary to Eastern scholars, but which will be found to
1)C highly important to the Arabic students of Europe. He made very little use of a commentary on the Kamoos entitled the
" Namoos," by Mulla 'Alec cl-Kdri, as it is not a work held in high estimation, and he was most careful to include among his
authorities none but works of high repute. It must also be mentioned that he has bestowed great pains upon the important
task of settling the true text of the Kamoos, according to the authorities of several celebrated copies; and that he has inserted
the various readings that he regarded as being worthy of notice. And here I may state that most of the illustrations of the
text of the Kamoos that arc incorporated in the Turkish translation of that work, whenever I have examined them, which has
often been the case, I have found to be taken from the Taj el-'Aroos, of which the Translator ('Asim Efcndee) is said to have
had a copy in the author's handwriting : but generally speaking, what is most precious of the contents of the latter work has
been omitted in that translation.

As the Taj el-'Aroos is the medium through which I have drawn most of the contents of my lexicon, I must more fully
state the grounds upon which I determined to make so great a use of it Not long after I had become acquainted with this
enormous work, I found it to be asserted by some persons in Cairo that the seyyid Murtada was not its author: that it was
compiled by a certain learned man (whose name I could not ascertain) who, coming to Cairo with this work, on his way from
Western Africa to Mekkch as a pilgrim, and fearing to lose it in the desert-journey, committed it to the seyyid Murtada to be
safely kept until his return: that he died during his on ward -journey, or during his return towards Cairo: and that the seyyid
Murtada published it as his own composition. This grave accusation brought against the reputed author of the Taj el-'Aroos,
unsupported by the knowledge of the name of the person whom he is thus asserted to have wronged, I did not find to be
credited by any of the learned, nor do I myself believe it : but it imposed upon me the necessity of proving or disproving,

XX

PREFACE.

not the genuineness of the book (a matter of no importance except as affecting the reputation of the seyyid Murtada*), but,
its authenticity. I was therefore obliged to make a most laborious collation of passages quoted in it with the same passages in
the works quoted: and in every instance I found that they had been faithfully transcribed. Thus the authenticity of the
Taj el-'Aroos was most satisfactorily established. But in comparing large portions of it with the corresponding portions of the
Lisan el-'Arab, I made the unexpected discovery that, in most of the articles in the former, from three-fourths to about nine-
tenths of the additions to the text of the Kamoos, and in many articles the whole of those additions, existed verbatim in the
Lisan el-'Arab. I cannot, therefore, acquit the seyyid Murtada of a want of candour, and of failing to render due honour to
one of the most laborious of compilers, by not stating either that the Taj el-'Aroos was mainly derived in the first instance
from the Lisan el-'Arab (which I believe to have been the case) or that the contents of the former are mainly found in the
latter. This circumstance has induced me very often to compose articles of my lexicon principally from the Lisan el-'Arab in
preference to the Taj el-'Aroos, comparing the contents afterwards with the latter ; and when they agreed, giving the latter as
my authority in most instances (though not alwaysf) because I could only undertake to have the latter transcribed. The only
copy of the Lisan el-'Arab known to me is that which I have already mentioned. It was lent to me, in successive portions,
from the library of the collegiate mosque called "the Ashrafeeyeh," in Cairo. It is written in several different hands, nearly
resembling one another, of a peculiar cursive kind, which none can correctly read without studying sufficiently to understand
thoroughly; for which reason, if I had been able to obtain any copy made from it (for it bears statements of its having been
several times partially or wholly transcribed some centuries ago) I could not have placed much reliance upon it. Since the
time of the seyyid Murtada, it has suffered much injury, chiefly from the rotting of the paper ; in many places, the whole of
the written portion of a page having fallen out, the margin only remaining.

Having fully satisfied myself of the authenticity of the Taj el-'Aroos, as well as of its intrinsic value, my next object was
to cause a careful transcription of it to be commenced without delay, although, while I remained in Cairo, I made use of copies
belonging to the libraries of mosques. The following are all the copies of that work, or of portions thereof, respecting which I
have been able to procure any information.— 1. The copy made use of by 'Asim Efendee in writing his Turkish Translation of
the Kamoos. This belonged, according to his own statement, made to me, to Yahya Efendee the Hakeem, who for many
years composed the annual Egyptian Almanac published by order of the Government. He said that it was in the handwriting
of the author, in two very larga volumes ; which, though hardly credible, is not absolutely impossible; for the handwriting of
the seyyid Murtada was small and compact : that the Grand Vezeer who was in Egypt during the contest between our own
forces in that country and the French borrowed it of him, and sent it to Constantinople without his permission: and that he
had caused many inquiries to be made for it there, but never learned any tidings of it.— 2. A copy believed to have been
in fourteen folio-volumes, in the handwriting of the author. Of this, the last volume and the last but two are in the library of
the Riwak of the Syrians in the great mosque El-Azhar. The rest of it seems to have been lost. It may be a portion of a
copy which the author retained for himself. When he died, his family kept his death secret for two days ; after which, the
officers of the Government Treasury plundered his house of much property, among which, perhaps, was this copy; and if so, it
may havo fallen into different hands; one person taking a portion ; and another person, another portion.— 3. A copy sent by
the author as a present to the King of San'a. So I was informed on the authority of a person living in Cairo, who asserted that
he conveyed it for the author, and who must have attained to manhood some years before the author's death. He may perhaps
be mistaken as to the work that he conveyed; but this is not probable.— 4. The copy in the library of the mosque of Mohammad
Bey Abu-dh-Dhahab, before mentioned ; said to be in eight thick, full-paged folio-volumes ;J not in the author's handwriting,

• By various other works, he earned a high reputation for learning ;
and I believe that his ability to compose such a work as the Taj el-'Aroos
was never called in question.

t In the articles of which the last radical letter is >, and in those of
which the last is J, I have generally deviated from my usual plan by

indicating the authority of the Lisan el-'Arab rather than that of the Taj
el-'Aroos in order to convey some notion of the value of the former work.
J I was informed that the number of its volumes is eight ; but I was
never allowed to see the whole copy, and, in the course of transcription, I
neglected to note where each volume ended.

PREFACE. xxl

but transcribed under his superintendence, and in part, and perhaps entirely, revised by him. This copy wants a portion from
the commencement of the first main division of the lexicon ; i. e., of W . ^ : it also wants some other, smaller, portions. I
shall have to say more respecting it in the next paragraph.-5. A portion in the handwriting of the author, in my possesion ;
from the commencement of W i V V to the words c4-» J, J W. » article %* »PP¥"g more ta the main P° rtl0n ** ,S
wanting in the copy of Mohammad Bey. It is of a small quarto-size, and ends in the middle of a page.-6. A copy in the
library of the late Ibraheem Pasha, transcribed from that of Mohammad Bey, and said to be incorrectly written.— 7. A large
folio-volume, in my possession, before mentioned, consisting of nearly the whole of the first tenth portion; evidently transcribed
from the copy of Mohammad Bey, for it wants what is deficient in iy^\ V V in the latter copy.

The copy transcribed for me, which is in twenty-four thick quarto-volumes, is partly from the portion, in the handwriting
of the author, in the great mosque El-Azhar; but mainly from the copy of Mohammad Bey ; what is wanting in this last,
in Wl ^ t*ing copied from the MS. No. 5 in the foregoing list ; and very nearly the whole of the other (smaller) portions
that are wanting therein being supplied from the principal source, namely, the Lisan el-'Arab. It is therefore far superior
to the other known copies, in respect of completeness, except the first and third of the copies mentioned in the next preceding
paragraph if these exist and be still entire. But it will not always serve as a perfect test of the correctness of my own
lexicon, although it has been carefully collated with its originals, as I made use of the copy of Mohammad Bey as long as I
remained in Egypt, and have used the Lisan el- 1 Arab and other lexicons for the supplying of syllabical signs &c. wanting
in that copy and in my own. In my copy, diacritical points have often been omitted when not thought by the transcriber to
be absolutely necessary; as is the case in almost all copies of lexicons: also syllabical signs that are in the originals are not
unfrequently omitted: and my copy is more irregular than its originals in the manner of writing the letter hemzeh. The
copy of Mohammad Bey will probably, in a few years, be in many places illegible ; for the ink with which it is written is of
a corrosive nature, and has already, in those parts, eaten through the paper, though hitherto not to such an extent as to present
any difficulty to the reader : or rather 1 should say that such was the case just before my own copy was made ; for while
I was translating from portions of it already transcribed for me, small pieces often dropped out from its leaves, in spite of my
utmost care, Itelieve that if I had not undertaken the composition of the present work, the means of composing such a work
would not much longer have existed. For not only was the sole copy of the Taj el-' Aroos that was nearly complete, and that wet
worthy of reliance, of those known to exist, rapidly decaying; but many of the most precious of the manuscripts from which
it was compiled have been mutilated; many are scattered, no one knows whither; and several, of which no other copies are
known to be in existence, and for which one would have to search from city to city, exploring the libraries of mosques, are
said to have perished. The transcription of my own copy, and its collation, extended over a period of more than thirteen
years. It might have been accomplished in much less time, had less care been bestowed upon it: but for several years I could
find no competent and willing transcriber except the sheykh Ibraheem Ed-Dasookee, who was unable to devote the whole of his
time to this object. Upon him the task of transcription mainly devolved; and the collation was performed wholly by him in
conjunction with myself or with another sheykh.

As soon as a few pages of my copy of the Taj el-' Aroos had been transcribed, I commenced the work of translation and
composition from its originals. I did not hesitate to write my lexicon in English rather than in Latin, because the latter
language is not sufficiently perspicuous nor sufficiently copious. For several years I continued to collect all that I required
for a lexicon as complete as it was possible for me to make it. But I then considered that about one third of what I had
compiled consisted of the explanations of words rarely occurring ; many of them, words that no one student was likely ever to
meet with; and not a few, such as are termed «& or ><fi or M f> (before explained, in page xi. of this preface);
these last being words known only as having been spoke.i, each by a single Arab, or as only once occurring in any writing.
I considered also that the undertaking which I had £ us long been prosecuting was one which would require many more
years for its completion ; and that it was incumbent on me to take into account the uncertain duration of my appointed term
Bk. I.

xxu

PREFACE.

of life, and to occupy myself first with what was most important. I therefore finally determined to divide my lexicon into two
Books : the first to contain all the classical words and significations commonly known to the learned among the Arabs : the other,
those that are of rare occurrence and not commonly known. And I have made such subdivisions as will enable the purchaser
of a copy to bind it in the manner that he may deem most convenient : in two volumes, or in four, or in eight; each to consist
of a portion of Book I. with the corresponding portion of Book II.; or so that all the words in Book I. of which the roots
commence with one letter may be immediately followed by the words in Book II. of which the roots commence with the same
letter. The Second Book will be small in comparison with the First, of which the Part to be first published (i to ± inclusive) will
form about one eighth. In order that it may be possible to bind the whole work in two volumes, I have chosen for it a thin paper.

Nearly twenty years have now elapsed since I commenced this work. Had I foreseen that the whole labour of the
composition must fall upon me or the project be abandoned, and had I also foreseen the length of time that it would require
of me, unaided, I should certainly not have had the courage to undertake it. I had hoped that I should have at least one
coadjutor: and I continued to hope for some years that such might be the case; but by no one have I been aided in the least
degree, except, occasionally, in discussions of difficult points, by the sheykh Ibrahcem Ed-l)asookce ; who has written the
results of some of these discussions on the margins of pages of my copy of the Taj el-'Aroos, generally in his own words, but
often in words dictated by me. For seven years, in Cairo, I prosecuted my task on each of the work-days of the week, after
an early breakfast, until within an hour of midnight, with few and short intervals of rest, (often with no interruption but that
of a few minutes at a time for a meal, and half an hour for exercise,) except on rare occasions when I was stopped by illness,
and once when I devoted three days to a last visit to the Pyramids: I seldom allowed myself to receive a visiter except on
Friday, the Sabbath and leisure-day of the Muslims : and more than once I passed a quarter of a year without going out of
my house. But I must not be supposed to claim much credit for the exercise of self-denial with respect to the pleasures of
society ; for during those seven years passed in Cairo, I had my wife and sister and the hitter's two sons residing with me.
Nor w6uld I here make mention of the severe labour which this work has cost me but for the purpose of guarding against the
imputation of my having been wanting in energy or industry. To convey a due idea of the difficulties of my task would be
impossible. While mainly composing from the Taj el-'Aroos, I have often had before me, or by my side, eight or ten other
lexicons, (presenting three different arrangements of the roots, and all of them differing in the order, or rather disorder, of the
words explained,) requiring to be consulted at the same time. And frequently more than a day's study has been necessary to
enable me thoroughly to understand a single passage: for the strict rules of Arabic lexicology demand that every explanation
be given as nearly as possible in the words in which some person of authority has transmitted it; and many explanations
perfectly intelligible when they were first given became less and less so in succeeding ages, and at length quite unintelligible
to the most learned of living Arabs. Even Ibn-Seedeh often confesses, in the Mohkam, his inability to understand an
explanation or some other statement that he has transmitted. Many explanations, moreover, present instances of what is
termed ^Ci; and instances of a worse kind of license, termed ji£>, are not of unfrequent occurrence: by the former term is
meant a deficiency in what an author writes relying upon the understanding of the reader; and by the latter term, a
deficiency in what he writes without relying upon the reader's knowledge. Often, two synonymous words arc used to explain
each other. Numerous cases of this kind occur in the Kamoos: such, for instance, are ILL and j£>, i^C and % ji^t
and ,ifc»1, and ^jfi and ^j- : and in these cases I have not always found the information that I required by referring to
other lexicons. More frequently, in lieu of an explanation, we find merely the word J^, meaning "well known:" and in a
very large proportion of such cases, what was once " well known" has long ceased to be so. Still more frequently, significations
arc only indicated by the context: in many instances, as clearly as they could be expressed by any words of explanation: but
in many other instances, very obscurely. Many words are rendered by others which are not elsewhere explained in the same
lexicon; many, by words meant to be understood in senses not elsewhere explained in that lexicon; many, by words meant to
be understood in tropical senses; and many, by words meant to be understood in post-classical senses. In these last cases, I
have often found in my knowledge of modern Arabic a solution of a difficulty : but without great caution, such knowledge would

PREFACE. xxiii

frequently have misled me, in consequence of the changes which have taken place in the applications of many words
since the classical age. Great caution is likewise requisite in the attempt to elicit the significations of words by means of
analogy ; as I could easily show by giving all the principal words of one article with their significations, and then requiring
any student to divine the significations of the other words of the same article by such means, and comparing his explanations
with those that have been authoritatively transmitted. Perfect reliance is not to be placed upon vowel-signs and the like when
they are merely written, without their being either described in words or shown by the statement that the word of which the
pronunciation is to be fixed is similar to some other word well known. Even when they are described, one has to consider
what rule the author follows ; and in some lexicons the rules followed by the authors are not explained. For instance, when
a noun of three letters is said to be with fet-h, if in the Eamoos, tne meaning is that it is of the measure Jii : but in some
other lexicons it means that it is of the measure Jii. If we find such a noun in the Ramoos written as of the measure jii and
said to be Avith fet-h, we must infer that jZS (not jii) is the correct measure : and if in the same lexicon we find such a noun
that is to be explained written otherwise than as of the measure Jai, without its being followed by any indication of its
measure, we must infer that J*i is probably its true measure, unless it be a word commonly known. But these and other
technical difficulties arc comparatively small, or become so after a little time spent in the study of different lexicons with a
previous knowledge of the principles of Arabic lexicology and lexicography. Among the graver difficulties arc those which arc
often presented by verses cited as confirmatory examples, or as illustrations, without either context or explanation ; many of
which I have inserted in my lexicon as being either absolutely necessary or such as I could not omit with entire satisfaction.
Various other obstacles that I have had to encounter I refrain from mentioning, hoping that I shall be deemed to have said
enough to excuse myself for the length of timo that has elapsed since the commencement of my work. I have, however,
been unusually favoured by circumstances; and especially by my having acquired, in familiar intercourse with Arabs, an
acquaintance with their manners and customs, and their mental idiosyncrasies, indispensably requisite to success in my
undertaking. Encouraged by these circumstances, I applied myself to the working of the rich mine that I had discovered,
with the resolution expressed in the saying of a poet,*

When I had prosecuted my task in Cairo during a period of nearly six years, I understood it to be the desire of my
Patron that the British Government might be induced to recognise the importance of my work by contributing to the expense
of its composition. I therefore submitted to the Head of Her Majesty's Government a request that my undertaking mi"ht
be thus honoured and promoted : and I did so in a time peculiarly auspicious ; the Premier being Lord John Russell, now
Earl Russell. His Lordship graciously and promptly replied to my appeal by granting me an annual allowance from the Fund
for Special Service; and through his recommendation, this was continued to me by one of his successors in office, another
Nobleman who added eminence in letters to elevation of birth and station, the late Earl of Aberdeen. And here I must
especially and gratefully acknowledge my obligations to the learned Canon Cureton, for his friendly offices on these and other
occasions. I must also add that Professor Lepsius and Dr. Abeken, and the late Baron Bunscn, kindly exerted themselves
to obtain permission for my lexicon to bo printed at Berlin, at the joint expense of the Prussian Government and the Academy
of Sciences; and several of the learned Orientalists of Germany seconded their endeavours; but conditions were proposed to
me to which I could not willingly accede.

After a stay of somewhat more than seven years in Cairo, a considerable portion of which period was spent by me in
collecting and collating the principal materials from which my lexicon is composed, I returned to England; leaving to
the sheykh Ibraheem Ed-Dasookee the task of completing the transcription of those materials, a task for which he had become
fully qualified.

* Cited in page 123 of this work.

xxiv PREFACE.

I must now add some explanations necessary to facilitate the use of my lexicon.

The arrangement that I have adopted is, in its main features, the same as that of Golius : the words being placed
according to their radical letters; and the roots being arranged according to the order of their letters (commencing with the
first of those letters) in the usual alphabet.

Words of three different classes, in which the radical letters are the same, but different in number, I place in the same
article. The first of these classes consists of words of two radical letters ; as jj : the second class, of reduplicative triliteral-
radical words, in which the first and second radical letters are the same as those of the first class, and the third the same as
the second of that class ; as J^' and ji and JiJ &c. : and the third class, of reduplicative quiulriliteral-radical words, in
which the first and third radical letters are the same as the first of the first class, and the second and fourth the same as the
second of that class ; as Jj^ and aJL& and j(l( &c. These three classes are included in the same article in all the best
Arabic lexicons ; and two reasons may be given for my following the same plan. One reason is similarity of signification.
Words of the first and second corresponding classes very seldom exhibit an alliance in signification; but instances of such
alliance in words of the first and third classes are less rare ; and instances of alliance in signification in words of the second
and third classes are very numerous. The other reason is, that such words arc generally held to be derived from the same
root. Some of the Arabian lexicologists hold that a word of the class of jj is a bilitcral-radical word ; so that the letters of
its root are represented by ** : but most of them regard it as, absolutely, a trilitcral-radical word ; so that the letters of its
root arc represented by j«j. With respect to a word such as jjb, the opinion held by El- Farm and others, and ascribed to
EI-Khalcel, is, that it is to be represented by iju*; so that the letters of its root are represented by «*: another opinion,
ascribed to El-Khalccl and his followers among the Basrces and Koofecs, is, that it is to be represented by jiJ>i; so that the
letters of its root are represented by j*i : another, ascribed to Secbaweyh and his companions, is, that it is originally a word
to be represented by jJb, and that the third radical letter is changed, and made the same us the first; so that the letters of
its root arc represented by the same letters as if the word itself were to be represented by jAni' the opinion commonly
obtaining among the Basrecs is, that it is to be represented by jj&; so that the letters of its root are represented, in tin's case
also, by J*» ; and as the last of these modes of representing the word is the one most usual, I generally adopt this mode
in my lexicon, except in quoting from an author who uses another mode. The triliterul root, in both of these classes
of words, is that which is preferred in the Muzhir, where, in the 40th Section, not fur from the commencement, these
different opinions arc stated.

Agreeably with the same principle, quasi-quadrilitcral-radieal words (the conjugations and varieties of which will be
found in a table inserted in this preface) I class with the triliteral-radical words from which they are derived by the Arabian
lexicologists and grammarians.

What is commonly called " the Verb of Wonder" I mention among the verbs. The Koofees say that it is a noun,
meaning an epithet. (See li^j L£»\ u, in article -JU.)

Dialectic variants, synonyms, and words nearly synonymous, from the same root, are mentioned and explained in one
paragraph : but every word thus explained in a paragraph headed by another word is also mentioned by itself, or accompanied
by a word or words nearly resembling it in form, with a reference to that paragraph. (In order to facilitate the reference, an
arrow-head (*) is inserted to render conspicuous a word explained in a paragraph headed by another word.) Several obvious
advantages result from this arrangement; not the least of which is a considerable saving of room. In these cases, when I
have found it possible to do so, I have placed the most common word first, or otherwise distinguished it from the rest:
sometimes I have shown which words are more or less common by the authorities that I have indicated for them.

PREFACE. m

When a noun is not found at the head of a paragraph, or by itself, or with another nearly resembling it in form, it is to
be looked for among the infinitive nouns, which are mentioned with their respective verbs. And plurals are to be found under
their singulars.

Words that arc regularly formed, ad libitum, (such as active and passive participial nouns, and nouns denoting the
comparative and superlative degrees, Ac.,) are not mentioned, unless for special reasons.

In respect of the places which I have assigned to arabicized words, I have generally followed the usual practice of the
Arabian lexicographers; that is, I have generally placed them as though they were derived from Arabic roots; because most
students look for them under the headings beneath which I have mentioned them, and because many of them have derivatives
formed from them in the regular Arabic manner. Bnt, properly speaking, every letter in an arabicized word is regarded by
most of the Arabian lexicologists as radical.

When several significations arc assigned to one word &c, connected by "or," it is often the case that one is right in
one instance, and another in another; and not unfrequcntly, that all arc correct in different instances.

Whenever I have found it possible to do so. I have distinguished (by the mark t) what is affirmed to be tropical from
what is proper ; generally on the authority of the Asas. I have also generally distinguished (by the mark t) what I regard
as evidently, or probably, tropical, when I have found no express authority for asserting such to be the case. Thus I have
often l»ccn enabled to draw clearly what may be termed the "genealogies" of significations. Always, in the arrangement
»f significations, I have, to the utmost of my ability, paid attention to their relations, one to another. The mark — is used
to denote a break in the relations of significations &c. ; and= denotes an extraordinary, or a complete, dissociation.

Numerous words in the Siluih and K.imoos and most other Arabic lexicons arc merely said to be the names of certain
plants or animals. Of these I have generally found and given explanations which have either enabled me to determine the
particular species to which they apply or may enable others to do so, and which will show that, the applications of many of
these words have been changed in post-classical times. For the names and descriptions of plants, my chief authority is
Aboo-Hanecfch Ed-Bccnawarcc, who is generally held to have adhered to the original nomenclature more accurately than
any other writer on the Arabian flora, enabled to do so in many cases by his own careful investigations, and by consulting
Arabs of the desert, at a sufficiently early period, in the third century of the Flight. I have been induced to mention the
properties commonly attributed by the Arabs to plants and drugs &c, though they are generally fanciful, because they
.sometimes help to point out what is meant by an explanation otherwise vague, and sometimes elucidate far-fetched comparisons
or allusions.

The explanations of the particles are extremely defective in almost all the Arabic lexicons ; but of this very important
class of words, generally more difficult to explain than any other class, I have found, in the Mughnee, illustrations even more
ample than I required. Though I have generally omitted the statement of opinions evidently erroneous, and refuted in the
Mughnee, I have in some degree imitated the author of that work by endeavouring to treat such words rather too largely
than too scantily.

Of the learning of Golius, and the industry of Freytag, I wish to speak with sincere respect, and with gratitude for
much benefit derived by me from their works before circumstances gave me advantages which they did not enjoy. But lest
I should be charged with omitting important matters in some of the originals from which my work is composed, it is necessary
for me to state that, in countless instances, both of those lexicographers have given explanations, more or less full, as from

XXVI

PREFACE.

the Sihah or Kamoos or both, when not one word thereof, nor even an indication, is found in either of those originals:* and
that much of what Freytag has given as from the Kamoos is from the Turkish Translation of that lexicon, of which I have
before spoken, a work of considerable learning, but of no authority when no voucher is mentioned in itt I have myself
occasionally cited the Turkish Translation of the Kamoos, but only when I have not found what I wanted in any other work,
and, in a case of this kind, only when I have felt confidence in its correctness, or when I have desired a confirmation of my
own opinion. In very few instances have I adopted its explanations; having often found them to be glaringly incorrect; in
some cases, from its author's having partially misunderstood what he had to translate ; but in more cases, from his having
altogether failed to understand, and therefore having given literal renderings which are far from conveying the meanings
intended.

Proper names of persons and of places, and post-classical words and significations, I have, with very few exceptions,
excluded from my lexicon. A dictionary of words of the former class, such as would satisfy the wants of students, would of
itself alone form a large volume; for the sources from which it might be drawn arc abundant, and not difficult of access. A
dictionary of post-classical Arabic, worthy of being so called, could not be composed otherwise than by a considerable number
of students in different cities of Europe where good libraries of Arabic manuscripts arc found, and by as many students in
different countries of Asia and Africa; partly from books, and partly from information to be acquired only by intercourse with
Arabs; and several of those who should contribute to its composition would require to be well versed in the sciences of the
Muslims. In excluding almost all post-classical words and significations, I have followed the example of every one of the most
esteemed Arabian lexicographers; and the limits that I have assigned to my labours have certainly been rather too wide than
too narrow, ns will be sufficiently shown by the fact that the quantity of the matter comprised in the fust eighth part of my
First Book (l to & inclusive) is treble the quantity of the corresponding portion of Frcytag's Lexicon, although I leave rare
words &c. for my Second Book.

I have inserted nothing in my lexicon without indicating at least one authority for it, except interwoven additions of
my own which I have invariably distinguished by enclosing them between square brackets. Throughout Part 1 of the First
Book, I have generally made the indications of the authorities as numerous as I conveniently could; but I have not thought
it desirable to do so throughout, as these indications occupy much space, and what is most important is to note the oldest
authority mentioned in any of my originals, with one or more of good repute to confirm it. A table of the authorities inserted
in this preface will show which of them I have cited through the medium of the Tiij el-'Aroos or the ListUi cl-'Arab. Such
authorities I have often indicated without any addition.} When two or more indications of authorities arc given, it is to be
understood that they agree essentially, or mainly ; but not always that they agree in words. When any authority is, in an important
degree, less full, or less clear, than another or others by which it is accompanied, I distinguish it by an asterisk placed after the initial

• By this remark, I may perhaps provoke the retort that, in composing
an Arabic-English lexicon wholly from Arabic sources, I am myself
doing what may be resolved into something like reasoning in a circle.
But such is not the case ; for the words employed in explanations in the
Arabic lexicons arc generally still used in the senses in which they are
there employed ; and the intended meanings of words that arc not still
used in such senses arc, with few exceptions, easily determined by
examples in which they occur, or by the general consent of the learned
among the Arabs in the present day. Of the exceptional difficulties of
interpretation, I have already said enough ; and for my own sake, as
well as for the sake of truth, I by no means wish to underrate them.

t In Freytag's first volume, the authorities are seldom indicated. —

Sometimes explanations given by Golius ns from the Siluili or Kamoos or
both, and not found in cither of those works, are copied by Freytag without
his stating such to be the case, and without his indicating the authorities
or authority assigned by Golius : for example, three such instances occur
in the short article •_/,>.

I In a few instances, in the Taj el-'Aroos, where its author has drawn
from the Tahdhceb or the Mohkam through the medium of the Lisan
el-'Arab, I have found the Tahdhceb erroneously named as his authority
instead of the Mohkam, or the Mohkam instead of the Tahdhceb.—
Sometimes an authority is mentioned by a surname borne by two or
more, so that the person meant is doubtful.

PREFACE. xxvii

or initials &c. by which it is indicated. Frequently it happens that an explanation is. essentially the same in the Lisan
el-' Arab and the Taj cl-'Aroos, but more full, or more clear, in the former: in cases of this kind I have generally indicated
only the latter as my authority.

Sometimes I have been obliged to employ English terms which have not, to my knowledge, been used by any other
writer; but I have been careful to invent only such as will, I believe, be easily understood. For example, I have applied the
epithet "auroral" to certain risings and settings of stars or astcrisms, to denote the restriction of those risings and
settings to the whole period of the morning-twilight: the epithet "heliacal," applied to such risings, would restrict them
overmuch. Lexicological and grammatical terms employed in my lexicon will be found in one of the tables inserted in
this preface.

I have supposed the student who will make use of this work to be acquainted with the general rules of grammar. These
he must bear in mind when he meets with 'particular rules mentioned by me. For instance, from his finding it stated, in
page 77 of this lexicon, that, when *j)i is used in the sense of J^£, the noun which follows it is put in the same case as that
which precedes it, he must not imagine that exceptions to this rule are presented by such phrases as «iT ^l <J1 ^ ( There is no
deity other than, i. e. but, God) and „1»U£» •$ t£i I jl C> ( This is not anything but a uniting) and Jjj y\ j^.1 ^» ;£». U {No one came
but Zeyd) and ^U£» *jji /JL| \jl J4> (which means the same as the second of these phrases) : for in each of these examples the
noun preceding y\ is regarded as being virtually in the same case as the noun following it. (See a note in Dc Sacy's Arabic
Grammar, 2nd ed., vol. ii. p. 404.)

Considering the size of this work, the quantity of Arabic type that it comprises, the minuteness of many of the
characters employed in it, and the excessive care required in the placing of those small characters, no student can reasonably
hope to find it entirely free from typographical faults, whether they be such as have originated from the compositors and have
escaped the scrutiny of the author, or such as are almost inevitable in the process of printing. I shall use my utmost
endeavours to detect such faults, and to note them for correction.

The following tables will, I believe, supply all further explanations that will be needed.

XXV1U PREFACE.

I.— Table of the Conjugations of Arabic Verbs.

1. (1st variety) J*, J£ , (2nd) J3, J£ : (3rd) JZ, jX : (4th) Jji, J£ , (5th) J3, J£ : (Gtb) J*, JJ£

2. J«i : variations ^li (for Jv2i) and the like.

3. JtU.

. ••••

4. J*il.

8. jft ^variations jSj, i„ the eases of verbs of which the J is O, *, ^ ,, >,;, ^ ^ ^ ^ t , or * , als0 Jfc (for ^ ^ ^ ^ ;
J-A3 &c. (for jJUii & c .)

6. J*U3 : variations Jiui, in cases like those in which jjui sometimes becomes j%\ : also JiU3 kc. (for J^ufj & c .)

7. jiLl : variations j^il (for j^Jil) and the like ; and JJut (for JJL^il) and the like.

8. J3l : variation, J& ji, Ji, or J^, in dlc „*, of verbs of which thc £ j, 0> ^ ^ fc fc ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ fc ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

(for £%, >& and >Jj and #1 (for >L S .), ££l (for £%, j£t (for J>#1), >} and >Jj and >& (for #>]), ftjl (for $.),
<***! and j£t (for ^1), ^Lil and J^\ (for v>£t), ">3Uj («« *j£% £tl (for £&), J#J and ^ILfcl Rnd J#| (for Jj&l), J&
(for ^iijl), j!5l (for jl^fl) : j&| and JJel (for Jji^l).

9. Jm»\ : variations JUil, in the case of a verb of which thc J is unsound j as ^jl : and JjJiil ; as JLhyi

■• * ■»

10. J w L 7 . n l : variations clk_>t and et-l (for clki*l).

- '* " '*

11. JU*I : variation JJUij, in tlic case of a verb of which thc J is unsound ; as jjjl^-t.

12. J*y6l.

13. J^ll

Q- L #* Q 2. J&5. q. 3. JiSA.

Q. 4. Jjbel.

It. Q. 1. Verbs of thc classes of j£ (in which thc first and third radical letters are thc same, and thc second and fourth,) and ^^. (in which lite
third and fourth radical letters arc the same).

11. Q. 2. Verb* of the classes of JJLJ and i r '}L ~

It. Q. 3. Verbs of the class of JJJ£\.

It. Q. 4. Verbs of the class of jU^ mentioned above, (sec 9,) as variations of jiil, may be ch.sscd utidcr this head.

Q.Q.I. Ji*;^; & (as o& according to some, and '&£). J&: jfc. J^ ; j£; j£ ; j£ ; j£ : jifcj j£; j£; j£ ;

J#5 JV: Jtfj JX, J*U; j£; Jiuij JSfc
Q. Q. 2. >£i£ ; J&: j£j ; J^, J^: J#i ; j£S: j£3.
Q. Q. 3. [», jSfy jU,, jti,. J^j, ^, : J^, : ^
Q. Q.4. JUfc, J^Jl: Jja*,; J^|,, ^ l: ja,.

** ** * *

Beside these, there are some other forms of Q. Q. verbs, not to be classed with any of the foregoing. And probably there are some other varieties of
Q. Q. 2 ; each quasi-passive of Q. Q. 1.

PREFACE.

XXIX

II.— Table of Lexicological and Grammatical Terms #c. used in the following work.

Accord., for according.
Accub. case, for accusative case, v
Act, for active, J*ui) ^» or>ji*iA).
Act. part. n.,for active participial noun, ^cM^X.
Adv. n., for adverbial noun, «j£l», and some-
times iLe; of place, J& <*>j*i a nd of

• *t*

time, oW *-*>*•
Agent, J*U.
Analogous, or regular, ^W* and wrtf*«

Analogy, l*\i.

Anomalous, or irregular, LS -»l e J ^ and ,^*»* ^

or id (sec " Dcv.") or j 3 U (see " Extr.").
Aor., for aorist, c jU>-o.

Aplastic, applied to a noun and to a verb, «***» «
App., /or apparently.

Appositivc, ^13.

Attribute, or predicate, jo— « and j^.
Drokcn pl.,/or broken plural, j-X* *-»»••
Coll. gen. n., for collective generic noun, ^-1
-*4 u -— ; also called a lexicological

plural, ,*$,*) £♦». #

Complement of a ))rcfixcd noun, *JI *_JLa*.

S ' • •
Complete, t. c. attributive, verb,>U J«*.

Conj., for conjugation, ^>\f.

* i , , ■•»•*•#

Conjunct, Jyoy*: conjunct noun, Lr «-'l Jy*** '•
• i ■ ' .* ' •••••* '

conjunct particle, ^j»- yjyoyt.

■-' • » •• -

and oJoVt

J, or

icrm, *-

.^UjuoI. _ Conventional

Conjunction,

Contr., ./or contrary

Conventional term,
in
language, «J>j«.

• *» • »-

Corroborative, ju£»U and J^=»y-

Decl., />r declinable, «_>«»o : perfectly decl.,

yjj^a^, and wycu«: imperfectly decl., j*b.

, ^ * »j ^ •'

Oj_^a-<> and \j g0i* j&.

Defective verb, i. c. having « or iC for the last
• * «•
radical letter, ^aiU cJ***

Dcv.,, /or deviating; as in the phrase, Deviating

from the constant course of sjiecch (with

respect to analogy, or rule, or with respect

2 , • *

to usage) ; ili. This term and jiU (sec
" Extr.") are often used in the lexicons in-
discriminately.
•'»
Dial., for dialect, ii).

Dial. var. of, for dialectic variant of, . J <UU.

•* » *
Dim., for diminutive, j*~a-».

Enunciativc, %Jl.

Epithet, and epithctic phrase, c-j«j and oLoj

and *io.
Ex.,/>r example.
Expl., for explained.
Expos., for exposition, ~.ji, and j~-i3 : the latter

particularly applied to an exposition of the

I£ur-an.
Extr.,/or extraordinary (with respect to analogy,

or rule, or with respect to usage), jjU. (See

« Dev.")
Bk. I.

Fern., for feminine, si~>y».
Fnt., for future, J..i. T *. a ^

Gen. case, for genitive case, t>»*». andj^
Gen. n.,/or generic noun, br ^ > »wt.

Hollow verb, «-Jy»-l J«».

Homonym, i)^£~*, for a^i J)jZZ~t.

I. q.,/>r idem quod.

Ideal (as opposed to real) subst, VJ i«-» ,

simply ^yii. ( ^
Imitative sequent, cUI.

• •I v.

Imperative, *•!.

Inchoative, Ijl^-«.

Incomplete, i.e. non-attributive, verb, ^aJU J«*,
. » »•» *» ' '

qtjMjJs- J*i.

Indecl.,/>r indeclinable, ^^-^ *.

Inf. n., /»• infinitive noun, jjuo*. Inf. n. of

unity, S^JLI jj-ai. Inf. n. of modality,
»a •» * »

•" * ♦

Instrumental noun, <UI >0 -(J.

* « ,-j j»» • ■-

Intrans.,/or intransitive, jjCU^ and^^.

Irreg.,/or irregular: see "Anomalous."

Lit., /or literally.

Mahmooz verb, jvov° J***

Mansoob aor., /or mansoob aorist, v* - *'* - W

Masc, /or masculine, y=»Xe.

• • *
Measure, ££%•

* > * » •
Mejzoom aor., /or mcjzoom aorist,>^>^-« Pj

Metaphor, 5jU^-.l.

Metaphorical, ^,Ui-»V

Metonymy, <bU£a.
• •'
N., /or noun, —A

N. un.,/or noun of unity, »>^.lj and «x»t>

Nom. case, /or nominative case, *ij.

Objective complement of a verb, J>««-» or
• *»'

Part.'n. : see "act. part, n." and " pass. part, n."

••#
Particle, «-»»»•. ,

Pass., /or passive, J y U>. U ^^i-* or Jjt " - »"• Jt

Pass. jmrt. n., //r passive participial noun, ^^.1

J>»^-

Perfect pi., for perfect plural, ^JU £*»- ; also
• » • • #
called a sound pi., » t * * f*"

Perfect verb, /'. ''. one which has not two radical
letters alike, nor has » nor « nor ij for one
of its radical letters, ^L- J«4. (See also
"Sound verb.")

Vers., for person (of a verb).

VI., for plural, »i».. PI. of pauc, for plural of
paucity, il» >«»• PL of mult., for plural of
multitude, £& £**. PI. pi., /or plural of

a plural, gU- fU-
Possessive noun or epithet (such as^»l3 and ^"9
&c.), v-llil ,ji« ^^»l (a kind of relative
noun).

• ,S " i ' ' *

Post-classical, jJ^» and «_>j
Predicate : see " Attribute."
Prefixed noun, JU«.

Prep., for preposition,

^Jjm-, and sometimes

Pret,/or preterite, yoU.

Prov., for proverb, Jl». s

Q.,/or quadriliteral-radical verb, ^eWj J«*. <#
Q. Q-, />»• quasi-quadriliteral-radical verb, J«*
" ^i * ' \'

Q. v.^/or quod vide.

Quasi-coordinate, j « JU : see art. i>*J. • #

Quasi-inf. n., for quasi-infinitive noun, ,J-a-» ^J

and jj. o « » ~w».

Quasi-pass., />r quasi-passive, pjUx«-

Quasi-pl. n.,/or quasi-plural noun, g^-^-V

Quasi-sound verb, i. e. one having jor^ for its
* ' *•
first radical letter, Jtt* J*J.

R. Q.,/or reduplicative quadriliteral-radical verb,

•' - * ' i" *i*i

Real (as opposed to ideal) subst., £** jr*\ or)

simply j>U, and OliJ^or simply Ol'i.

f * * *i
Receptacular noun, V»«>r*'*

Reg.,/or regular: see "Analogous."

Rel. n.,/or relative noun, w»^—u^-^, or 4-J.

Simple subst. (as opposed to inf. n.),^!.

Sing., for singular, }jk* and «x»-lj.

Sound pi., /or sound plural : see " Perfect pi."

Sound verb, t. e. one which is not of the class
termed " perfect," but which has not ^ nor
(j for one of its radical letters : or, as used
in the 'Eyn and several other lexicons, one
that has not ^ nor i_$ nor . for one of its
radical letters : L f J *$*. (Sec " Perfect
verb.")

Specificativc, or discriminative, J««&

State, denotative of, JW.

Subject (as correlative of attribute or predicate),

•- < • >

' * . • •

Subst.,/or substantivej^o-il.
• -' '

Substitute, Jj^.

Syll. 8igns,/or syllabical signs, Jiiii.

Syn.,/or synonym and synonymous, «_»>j^» and

*3i\£». Syn. with, for synonymous with,

J Hi.
Trad.,/>r tradition, w»jj».

Trans., for transitive, jmi* and J»'5-
Transposition, « T Jl*. Formed by transposition,

Tropical, JWh* an " LSiV-*-
Unsound verb, t. «. one having ^or ^ for one
of its radical letters : or, as used in the 'Eyn

and several other lexicons, one having j or

%**•* •»
i< or • for one of its radical letters : J-j-> ^}*i.
*^ •» '

V., for verb, J*i.

• #•
Verbal noun, J*i^l.

X means asserted to be tropical.
Jt „ asserted to be doubly tropical,
f „ supposed by me to be tropical.

PKEFACE.

I II.— Chronologic al list of the more celebrated of the Lexicologists and Grammarians cited in the following work, extracted from the 48<A Section of

the Muzhir : with some additions, which are marked with an asterisk.

208 or 209 or 210 or 211

. 205 or 206 or 213
. 214 or 215 or 21G

•Ibn-'Abbds: died in the year of the Flight 08

•Mujdhid : said to have lived 83 years ; and

to have died in 100 or 101 or 102 or 103

*#atadeh : born in GO : died in 117 or 118

Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Ala: (*born atMckkeh,
in the year of the Flight 70 or 68 or

65 :) died in 151 (»or 154) or 159

El-Khaleel : lived to the age of 74 .... 160 or 170 or 175
•El-Leyth Ibn-Nasr Ibn-Seiyar El-Khurii-
sdnee : contemporary with, and com-
panion of, El-Khalcel.

Yoonus : born in the year 90 182 *or 183

•Ahu-d-Dukeysh: contemporary with Yoonus.

EI-Kisd-ce 182 or 183 or 189 or 192

Seebawcyh : lived 32 years, or 40 and odd

years: died in . . . 101 (»or 177) or 180 or 188 or 194

Aboo-Mohammad El-Yezeedee: lived 74

years : died in 202

En-Nadr Ibn-Shumeyl : died in 203 or 204

S"tnib 206

Et-Farra : lived 67 years 207

Aboo-'Obcydeh (*Maamar Ibn-El-Muthenna

Et-Teymoe) : born in 112: died in .
Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybdnce : lived 110 (*or

111) or 118 years : died in
Aboo-Zcyd(*El-Ansdrce:) lived 93 years: died in
El-Asma'ee : born in 123 (»or 122) : died in (»214 or) 215 or 216 *or 217
•El-Lihydnce: contemporary with El-Kisa-ee
and Aboo-'Obeydeh and Aboo-Zeyd and
El-Asma'ee.
Abu-1-flasan El-Akhfash . .

* Abu-1-Hey them : apreccptorof Aboo-'Obeyd.
•Ibn-Buxurj : contemporary with Abu-1-Heythem
Aboo-'Obeyd : lived 67 years : died in
Ibn-El-Aardbce : born in 150: died in
•Shemir: contemporary with Ibn-El-Aarabee.

Ibn-Es-Sikkcet ('Yaakoob) 244

Aboo-IIittim Es-Sijistanee : lived nearly 90

years : died in 248 or 250 or 254 or 255

•Ea-Sukkarco (author of an " Exposition of
the Deewdn El-Hudhaleeyeen ") : bora

in 212: died in 270 or 275

Ibn-#uteybch : [also called El-Kutabee, and
by some, (among whom is the author of
the Tdj-cl-'Aroos,) less properly, EI-
K u toy bee : (see the Biogr.Dictionary of En-

Nawawee, p. 771 :)] born in 213 : died in 267 *or 270 or 271 or 276
•Aboo-IIancefch Ed-Deenawaree (author of

the " Book of Plants ") 282

El-Mubarrad : born in 210 : died in . . . 282 or 285 *or 286

Thaalab (•Abu-l-'Abbds Ahmad Ibn-Yahya,
author of the " Fascch") : born in 200 :

died in 291

Kurds. cir. 310

Ez-Zcjjnj (•Aboo-Is-hak) 311

•Ibn-Dureyd (author of the "Jemharah"):
born in 223, or [about five years later,
for] it is said that he lived 93 years, not

more, and died in . , , 321

'Ibrahcem I bn- Mohammad Ibn-'Arafch(Nif-

taweyh) : born in 244 or 250 : died in 323

210 or 215 or 221

223 or 224 or 230
. 231 or 233

(•327 or) 328

(•337 or) 339 or 340

. . 343

. 347

. . 367

. 368

. . 370

. »370or371

(•376 or) 377

379

Aboo-Bckr Ibn-El-Ambaree : born in 271 :

died in

Ez-Zcjjiijee

•El-Farabee .......

lbn-I)urustawcyh: born in 258: died in

Ibn-El-Kootocyeh

Es-Seenifee : born before the year 270 : died in

Ibn-Khalaweyh

El-Azherco (author of the "Tahdhecb"):

•born in 282: died in

Aboo-'Alcc El-Fdriscc : (*livcd more than 90

years:) died in

Aboo-Bekr Ez-Zubeydcc (author of an abridg-
ment of the " 'Eyn" ....
•Ibn-'Abbdd (the Sahib, author of the " Mo-

hect"): born in 326: died in 385

•El-Khattiibeo 300

Ibn-Jinnce (•Abu-1-Fet-h 'Othman): born

before the year 330 : died in 392

Ibn-Faris ("390 or) 395

El-Jowharec (author of the " Sihah ") . . . »393 or 397 or 398

El-IIarawcc (author of the " Gharccbeyn ") 401

•Mohammad Ibn-Jaafar El-Kazzaz 412

El-Jawaleckcc 425

•Ibn-Et-Tciyancc (author of the "Moo'ab") 43G

Ibn-Secdch ('author of the "Mohkam"):

lived about GO years : died in 458

El-Khatccb Et-Tcbrcczcc : born in 421: died in 502

*Er-Itaghib El-Isfahanec : died in the early
part of century five.

Ibn-El-Kattsia : born in 433: died in 515

•EI-Mcydance: died in 513

Ibn-Es-Sccd El-Batalyowscc : born in 444:

died in 521

Ez-Zamakhsherce (•author of the " 'Asds" and

" Keshsbaf," &c.) : born in 467 : died in 538

•Es-Suhcylee (author of the " Ilowd") 581

Ibn-Barree ('author of " Annotations on the

Sihah") . . 582

•Ibn-El-Atheer El-Jezeree, (Mcjd-ed-Deen,

author of the " Nihdych ") 606

•El-Fakhr Er-Razee GOO

•El-Mutarrizee (author of the " Mughrib ") :

born in 536 : died in G10

Es-Saghanec (*or Es-Saghanee, author of the
'"Obdb" and of the " Tekmileh fi-s-

Sihdh ") : born in 577 : died in 660

Er-Radce Esh-Shdtibee : born in 601 : died in ... 684

•El-Beyddwee 685 or 690 or 691

El-Jcmdl Ibn-Mdlik : born in 600 : died in 692

•Ibn-Mukarram (author of the "Lisdn

el-' Arab "): born in 630 : died in 711

•El-Fciyoomee (author of the " Misbdli,"
which he finished in 734).

Aboo-Heiydn : born in 654 : died in 745

•Ibn-Hisham (author of the "Mughnee"):

born in 708 : died in 761 or 762

El-Feyrooadbadee (author of the " £dmoos "

•and the" Basdi'r"): born in 729: died in . . . .816
•The seyyid Murtada Ez-Zebeedee (author of

the"TajekAroos"): died in 1205

PREFACE.

XXXI

+A,
AA,

AAF,

ADk,

A Hut,

AHci,

AHcyth,

AHn,

tAM,

AO,

A'Obeyd,

AZ,

Ad,

Akh,

As,
tAz,

B,

tBO.

Ilkh,

mi,

JCK,

Dmr,
J KM,
+F,
tFtf,

Fr,

P?,

tHam,

jHur,

Hr,

lAnr,

I'Ah,

Jl'Ak,

I A in b,

I All.,

IB,

tTDrd,
1 Dnt,
IF,

tlllsl.,

IJ,

1Kb,
IKoot,
IKt,
IKtt,
tIM,

10,
tI8d,

ISh,

ISk,

JlbrD,

+J,
JJK,

IV. — Indications of Autlioritie*.

From all these authorities I have drawn through the medium of the Taj el-'Aroos or the Lisan el-'Arab, except those
distinguished by the mark J, which denotes those whence I have always drawn immediately : from many of them I have also
drawn through the medium of some other lexicon than the two above named : and from those distinguished by the mark 1 1 have
often, or generally, drawn immediately. What is meant by an asterisk placed after any indication of an authority in my lexicon
has been explained in page xxvi.

Jm, The " Jemharah " of Ibn-Dureyd.

+K, The " Kamoos."

KI, The kddee Mydd. .

t KL, The " Kenz cl-Loghah," of Ibn-Maaroof ; an Arabic-Persian

Dictionary.

J KT, The " Kitab et-Taarcefat."

Kf, The " Kifayet el-Mutahaffidh."

Kh El-Khaleel, commonly supposed to be the author of the
« 'Eyn."

|Kr, Kurda, author of the " Munjid."

Ks, El-Ki'sd-ee.

fKsh, The " Kcshshaf " of Ez-Zainakhsherce.

Kt, El-Kuteybce.

Ktr, Kutrub.

J Kull, the " Kullccyiit " of Abu-1-Baka.

+Kur, The " Kur-an."

Kz, El-Kazzdz.

-tKzw, El-Kazwcenee.

+L, The'" Lisan el-'Arab."

Lb, El-Lcblec.

Lh, El-Li hyiince.

Lth El-Lc'yth Ibn-Nasr Ibn-Scivdr, held by El-Azhcrce to be Uie
author of the'" 'Eyn," which he calls " Kitab Lcyth."

+M, The " Mohkam."

J M A The " Mukaddamet el-Adab " of Ez-Zamakhshercc

fMF, Mohammad lbn-Et-Teiyib El-Fdsec, author of "Annotations

on the Kdmoos."

fMS, The " Mukhtur cs-Sihah."

Mbr, El-Mubarrad.

tMeyd, El-Mcyddnee's " Proverbs."

tMgh. The " Mughrib " of El-Mutarrizec.

Mf, The " Mujmal " of Ibn-Faris.

tMsb, The " Misbdh " of El-Feiyoomec.

fMtr, El-Mutarrizec, author of the " Mughrib. "
tMiighnec, The " Miighni-l-Lebceb " of Ibn-Hishdm.

tMz,° The " Muzhir " of Es-Suyootcc.

Nh, Tlic "Nihaych" of Ibn-El-Athcer El-Jezorec (Mcjd cd-

Decn).
Ns, En-Ncsa-cc.

( ), The " 'Obab " of Es-Saghance.
t PS, The " Persian Translation of the Sihah."

It,' The " Rowd " (" Er-Rowd cl-Unuf ") of Es-Suheylcc.

fS,' Tlic " Sihah."

JSM, The seyyid Murtada, author of the " Taj cl-'Aroos.

8b, Seebaweyh.

Seer, Es-Seerdfce. , . , , _ , ...

S"h, Es-Sn<'hancc, author of the " 'Obab" and of the " Tckmikh

' fi-s-Sihah."
Sll, Shemir. , . „.

tSkr, Es-Sukkarcc, author of an " Exposition ot the Dccwan ti-

ll udhalccveen."
Suh", Es-Suhcylce, author of the " Rowd."

fT, The " Tahdhecb " of El-Azhcrec.

IT A, The " Taj cl-'Aroos."

JTK, The " Turkish Translation of the Kamoos."

TS, The " Tekmileh fi-s-Sihah " of Es-Saghance.

tT'f, The " Tahdhecb et-Tahdhceb."

Th, Thaalab, author of the "Faseeh." ,«., ,, „

fW, El-Wahidee's " Exposition of the Deewan of El-Mulanebbce,

edited by Dr. Dietcrici.
Yoo, Yoonus.

Yz, El-Yczcedce.

fZ, Ez-Zamakhsherce.

Zbd, Ez-Zubeydee, author of an " Abridgment of the Eyn.

+Zj, Ez-Zejjaj.

tJM,

JJcl,

The " Asds " of Ez-Zamakhshcree.

Aboo-'Ainr Ibn-El-'Ala, and Aboo-'Amr Esh-Shcybanee :

cacli being cited simply by the name of" Aboo-'Amr."
Aboo-'Alce El-Farisee.
Abu-d-Dukeysh.
Aboo-IIdtim Es-Sijistance.
Aboo-Heiydn.
Abu-1-ilcythem.
Aboo-Hancefch Ed-Dccnawarcc, author of the "Book of

Plant*."
Aboo-MaiiHoor (same as Az).
Aboo-'Obeydeh.
Aboo-'Olicyd.
Aboo-Zeyd.
El-Aalam.
Kl-Aklifash.
El-Asma'co.

Kl-Azhme (same as AM), author of the "Tahdhecb."
The " Basdir," by the author of the " Kdmoos."
El-Bcyddwcc's " Exposition of the Kur-an."
El-Bukharec.
El-Batalyowsce.

The Calcutta edition of the "Kdmoos."
Ed-l)einccrcc.

The " Imposition of the Mo'allakdt," printed at Calcutta.
El-I'Vyroozdbddce, author of the " Kamoos."
KI-l'Yivnoincc, author of the " Misbdh."
El- Farm.

The " Fi.seeh" of Tbaalab.
The " Imposition of the Ilamdsch," (" Hamasa; Carmina,")

by Kt-Tebrcezce.
El-llaivcrcc's " Makdmdt," the Commentary on ; 2nd edit

of Paris.
El-Harawce.
llm-Kl-Aardbcc.
Ibn-'Abbd*.
Ibn-'Akeers"Ex|iositionofthc Alfccych of Ibn-Mdhk," edited

by Dr. Dictcrici.
Ilm-KI-Aiiihiircc.
lbn-El-Atheer El-Jezcrcc, (Mejd-cd-Dcen,) author of tlie

"Nihaych."
Ibn-Barreo, author of the "Annotations on the Sihah," with

El-Bustec.
Ibn-Durcyd, author of the " Jemharah" &c.
Ibn-Durustaweyh.
Ibn-lYiris, author of the "Mujmal."
Ibu-llisham, author of the " Mughncc."
Ibn-.Iinnce.
Ihii-Klnilawcyh.
Ibn-El-Koojeeyeh.
Ibn-Kutcybch.
Ibn-Kl-Kattda.
Ibn-Mukarram, (commonly called in the Taj cl-'Aroos " Ibn-

Mandhoor,") author of the " Lisan el-'Arab."
Ibn-'Odeys.

Ibn-Secdeh, author of the " Mohkam."
Ibn-Slmmcyl (En-Nadr).
Ibn-Es-Sikkcet (Yaakoob).
Ibrahecm Ed-Dasookce.
El-.Iowharcc, author of the " Sihdh."

A MS. supposed to be the " Jdmi'" of El-Karmdnee: a lexicon
founded upon the "'Eyn," with additions from the
" Tckmilet cl-'Eyn " of El-Khdrzcnjee.
The " Jdmi' " of the seyyid Mohammad.
The " Exposition of the" ]£ur-dn " by the Jeldleyn.

XXXII

PREFACE.

I have now, to the best of my ability, supplied all the necessary apparatus for the use of my lexicon, except, only, such
information as I suppose the student to have acquired from other sources.

The Arabic title ^>-UJl jU (which the Arabs in general, in the present day, the learned as well as the unlearned, would
pronounce "Medd el-Kamoos," as they deem it pedantic to pronounce the titles of books in the classical manner,) I have
adopted in imitation of that given to his lexicon by EI-Feyroozabddee. It has two meanings: "The Flow of the Sea" and
" The Extension of the Kamoos."

Not only the main expenses incurred in the composition of this work, but also the cost of the printing, and that of the
Arabic type, have been defrayed by the munificence of His Grace the Duke of Northumberland. The Arabic characters have
often been considerably altered by the Arabs themselves and by other Easterns; and still more by Europeans, to adapt them to
the purpose of printing. For this purpose, I have myself innovated a modification of one medial form and one final form,
and r . My Nephew, Mr. Edward Stanley Poole, who possesses unusual skill in Arabic caligraphy, designed, under my
superintendence, the whole of the Arabic type employed for this work ; and has also assisted me occasionally in the collation of
the proofs, previously to my own examination and correction of them; and often in other affairs connected with the printing
of my lexicon.

E. W. L.
December, 1802.

A calamity that has recently befallen me, in common with multitudes of other persons, — the decease of the Illustrious Duke
by whom this work was originated, and whose munificence has constantly supplied the chief means of its support, — requires me
to announce that the event so widely and deeply deplored will not cause any interruption of the publication.

His princely patronage, granted spontaneously, and with a kindness and delicacy not to be surpassed, has l)een continued
during nearly a quarter of a century. The carrying-out of his intentions, with respect to my Lexicon, now devolves upon
His Widow, Her Grace the Duchess of Northumberland, by her own particular desire.

The intense interest that has ever been felt by Her Grace in all the great deeds whereby the departed Duke has
established countless claims upon the gratitude of his country is well known ; and it is, to me, a source of the utmost thankfulness
and pride that my own undertaking is included among the objects that have been honoured by the patronage, and stamped
with the approval, of them both.

E. W. L.

March, 1865.

POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE.

Since the publication of the foregoing Preface, two occurrences have induced me to append to it this Postscript,
without waiting for the completion of my work.

The first of these occurrences was my receiving the unexpected information that the copy of the 'Obdb which I
had sought, without success, to discover in Cairo had been found and purchased, had been brought to London, and
was offered to me for sale. A most exorbitant price was demanded of me for it, and refused by me : but my late
lamented Patron, by means of a person employed to treat for it by my Nephew Mr. Reginald Stuart Poole, bought it,
for a sum which, though large, was not greater than that which I would myself willingly have paid for it if I had been
a man of wealth ; and most kindly entrusted it to me, for my use during the progress of the printing of my Lexicon.

The 'Obdb is, as I supposed it to be, and as I have since found to be stated by Hdjjee Khalecfeh, composed in
the order of the Sihah, ending in article ^ ; so that its author completed a little more than three fourths of his
intended work. To what he has borrowed from the Sihah, which he ha* freely and literally copied throughout the
'Obdb, but usually without acknowledgment, he has made large additions, with duo acknowledgments, chiefly from
the Jcmharah of Ibn-Durcyd and the Mohcct of Ibn-' Abbdd. Whether his less numerous additions be from the
original sources or from citations in other lexicons, I have not been able to determine. Of all the lexicons of earlier
authors his work most resembles the Mohkam ; which, though it is in my opinion decidedly superior to the 'Obdb in
critical accuracy and in other respects, ho seems to have strangely neglected; thereby suggesting to the author of
the Kdmoos the project of composing the Ldmi', and subsequently the composition of the Kdmoos itself.' In a notice
of its author and of his other works, in article ^ in the Tdj el-'Aroos, the 'Obdb is said to be « in twenty volumes;
and the same is said by Hdjjec Khalecfeh : but the copy of it mentioned above is in ten large quarto volumes, written
iu a very lar-o hand, and generally with all the vowel-signs and the like that are absolutely requisite. Several
portions of it°, not, however, amounting to much in proportion to the rest, had been lost when it was brought to
England : but as the work was never completed, this is less to be regretted than it would be otherwise. In many
parts it has been injured by worms ; and in some parts, by larger vermin. In other respects, it is in good preserva-
tion. I have often found it very useful in the cases of doubtful passages in the Tdj el-Aroos ; and not unfrcqucntly
in its affording me valuable additions to the contents of the latter work, though notes in its margins in the hand-
writing of thc°Scyyid Murtada show that he consulted it with much careful and critical consideration.

The second reason for my appending here this Postscript to my Preface is to correct the dates of the birth and
death of El-Azhcree. The paragraph relating to his Lexicon, the "Tahdheeb," I had inserted in its right relative
place ; but I was afterwards led to transpose it, while the Preface was in type, by observing that the place was
inconsistent with the dates of his birth and death which I had there given on the authority of two most excellent
copies of the Muzhir and had repeated in another page ; and I did not discover that these dates were incorrect until
it was too late to rectify the mistakes otherwise than by reprinting two leaves, after the Preface had been published.
El-Azheree, as is stated by Ibn-Khillikan, was born in the year of the Plight 282 ; and died in the latter part of 370,

• Throughout Part V. of my Lexicon, I have generally endeavoured to show (by the indications of my authorities) the degrees in which the
'Obdb haa borrowed from the contents of the Sihah and contributed to the contents of the £amoos.

XXX1Y

POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE.

or as some say, 371 ; so that he liyed 88 or 89 years (lunar reckoning). In the year 811, heing then about 20 years
old, he became a pnsoner among the Karmatees, felling to the lot of a party of Arabs of the Desert. Among these
people he appears to have remained several years ; for he is related to have mentioned las having passed two winters
with them a Es-Samman, but usually to have wintered with them in the Dahna. And while wandering and
sojourning with them in these and other parts of Central and Northern Arabia, he collected many words and
phrases, winch he has mentioned in his Lexicon ; but expressly distinguishing them as having been heart by him
from the Arabs or from Arabs of the Desert (in both eases meaning the same) or as having been heard by him in the
Desert, lest he should be supposed to claim for them less questionable authority. His opinion of these additions to
the Tahdheeb is shown by his insertion of them, and also by a citation from a statement in his own handwriting
that m the speech of the people among whom he was in captivity, themselves Arabs of the Desert, a gross inaccuracy
or nustakc was seldom or never found. Thus we learn a very important fact respecting the gradual corruption of
the dialects of Arabic : the utmost that can be said of the dialect spoken by the wandering tribes more than nine
centuries ago in the North-Central region, where the vernacular language has continued to the present day to bo least
exposed to foreign influences and therefore least affected thereby, is, that it was free from gross inaccuracies. That
the language of the settled inhabitants throughout Arabia had long before become too much corrupted for their words
or phrases to be cited in lexicons,. unless for the purpose of discriminating them as post-classical, is admitted and
nfhrmed by all the lexicologist, who have had occasion to mention the subject: but the language now spoken in the
towns of the North-Central region (which language is well known by reason of that region's being still traversed by
one ol the great pilgrim-routcs and often visited by learned men from Egypt and from Syria) is said to be less corrupt
than arc the dialects of tho Bcdawccs of the same and of other parts.

More than seventeen hundred printed pages of my Lexicon arc now before me; and when it is considered
that this portion comprises about thrice as much matter as the corresponding portion (one half) of Frcytae's
unabridged Lexicon, I hope that the time which the printing has occupied will not be thought unreasonably'lon^.
Notwithstanding the time and pains that I have devoted to the scrutiny necessary for the detection and correction of
typographical and other errors, the errata that I have since casually observed and noted down arc not so few as I
hoped and expected them to bo : but I have generally found them to be such as any one qualified to make a pro-
litablc use of my work may easily discover and rectify without my aid.

December, 18G9.

E. W. L.

[Book L]

\

The first letter of the alphabet [according to the
order in which the letters are now commonly
disposed ; and also according to the original
order, which sec in art. j^-jI] : called oUI.
[This name, like most of the other names of
Arnhic letters, is traceable to the Phoenician
language, in which it signifies "an ox;" the
ancient Phoenician form of the letter thus called
being a rude representation of an ox's head.] It
is, of all the letters, that which is most frequent
in speech : and some say that, in jj\, in the Kur
[ch. ii. &c], it is a name of God. (TA.) Its
name is properly fern., as is also that of every
other letter ; [and hence its pi. is Olill;] but it
may be made masc. : so says Ks : Sb says that
all the letters of the alphabet arc masc. and fern.,
like as ^jl_ X3I is masc. and fein. (M.) As a letter
of the alphabet, it is abbreviated, [or short, and is
written I, as it also is generally when occurring in
a word, except at the end, when, in certain cases,
it is written ^g,] and is pronounced with a pause
after it: and it is also prolonged: (S, K,* TA:)
[in the latter case, it is written l\; and] this is the
case when it is made a subst. : and when it is not
called a letter, [i.e. when one docs not prefix to
it the word s^j—,] it is [properly] fern. (S.) Its
dim. is i-jt, meaning an .1 written small, or
obscure, (S, IB,) according to those who make
it fern, and who say, L>lj Owj and ^IJ CJbi ; but

♦ 3.1 „ , , «- * »S-

ijjl according to those who say, blj wojj.
(ITl ) ill [properly so called] is oneqftlie letters
of prolongation and of softness and of augmenta-
tion; the letters of augmentation being ten, which
are comprised in the saying, oL-3 j>^\ [" to-day
thou wilt forget it"]. (S.) There are two species
of »JUI; namely, iijJ [or soft], and i»js* it [or
movent]; the former of which is [properly] called
oUI; and the latter, »>»*; (S, TA;) which is a
fkucial letter, pronounced in the furthest part of
the fauces [by a sudden emission of the voice after
a total suppression, so that it resembles in sound
a feebly-uttered e, whence the form of the cha-
racter (.) whereby it is represented]: but this
latter is sometimes tropically called oUI ; and both
[as shown above] arc of the letters of augmenta-
tion. (S in art. }\, and TA.) There arc also two
other species of oOl; namely, ^-o^ »JUI [the alif
of conjunction or connexion, or tlie conjunctive or
connexive alif]; and *I»5 «JUI [the alif of disjunc-
tion, or the disjunctive alif]; every one that is
permanent in the connexion of words being of the
latter species ; and that which is not permanent,
[i. c. which is not pronounced, unless it is an alif
of prolongation,] of the former species ; and this
is without exception augmentative ; [but it is some-
times a substitute for a suppressed radical letter,
as in £n\, originally ^yi oryj;] whereas the alif of
Bk I.

disjunction is sometimes augmentative, as in the
case of the interrogative alif [to be mentioned
Ih;1ow, and in other cases] ; and sometimes radical,
as in SL\ and '£&: (S, TA:) or, according to
Ahmad Ibn-Yahya and Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed,
(T, TA,) the primary OUJI arc three; the rest
being subordinate to these: namely, i~Let t_AM

[radical alif], (J, K, TA,) as in Jut and J£s>\
(T) and jyA.1; (K;) and ilaOai UM [disjunctive

alif], as in J^jU (T, K) and j^-l (T) and
v >l^.l; (T,K;) and £x!o') oUI [conjunctive or
connexive alif], (T, K,) as in »-1p»~.1 (T) and

1 jL ill! (T, K.) Tho uUI which is one of the

letters of prolongation and of softness is called

,. , ,t 1.3*1

£>i\)\ *-^' ['*• quiescent alif, andi£»LJI oU^I,
which signifies the same]: (MP, TA:) it is an
aerial letter, (Mughnec, MF, TA,) merely a
sound of prolongation after a fet-hah; (T, TA;)
and cannot have a vowel, (I B r Mughnec, MP,)
wherefore it cannot commence a word: (Mugh-
nec:) when they desire to make it movent, if it
is converted from _j or ^j, they restore it to its
original, as in (jl^aft and O^J? nnd 'f ' l IS not
converted from y or ^, tlicy substitute for it hem-
zch, as in ^p'-y, in which the hemzch is a suli-
stitute for the I in [the sing.] SiCj. (IB.) IJ
holds that the name of this letter is *^, [pro-
nounced Id or le, without, or with, imalch, like the
similar names of other letters, as and 13 and b
ice.,] and that it is the letter which is mentioned
[next] before ^ in reckoning the letters ; the J
being prefixed to it because it cannot be pro-
nounced at the beginning of its name, as other
letters can, as, for instance, ^jo and »-; and he
adds that the teachers [in schools] err in pro-
nouncing its name «JJI >»*j}. (Mughnec.)— The
grammarians have other particular appellations
for alifs, which will be here mentioned. (T, TA.)

n+tm n" «JU*9I [The unknown alif] is such as

that in J*U [or J*l»] and Jyl» ; i. c., every \,
(T, K.,) of tliosc having no original [from which
they are converted, not being originally I nor_j
nor (^, but being merely a formative letter, and
hence, app., termed " unknown"], (T,) inserted
for the purpose of giving fulness of sound to the
fet-hah in a verb and in a noun ; (T, K ;) and this,
when it becomes movent, becomes j, as in the'
case of ^5U- and ^\y*-, becoming ^ in this case
because it is movent, and followed by a quiescent
I, which I is the I of the pi., and is also 3J j t » » « .

(T.) OUJI oWI [The alifs of prolongations]

arc such as those [which arc inserted for the same
purpose of giving fulness of sound to the fet-hah] in
Jl£ii>, for jii£>, and J&&, for JiU., and ju'lj,
for Jj\*. (T, K.) In like manner, « is inserted
after a dammeh, as in j^Ou 1 ; and i_£ after a kesrch,

as in JU-i. (TA.) An alif of this species is
also called *W-*^' »-*H [The alif added to give
fulness of sound to a fet-hah preceding it]: and so
is the alif in Uo used in imitation [of a noun in
the accus. case ; as when one says, ^t-j <^\j (l"'°"
nounced ^U-j) " I saw a man," and tlie person
to whom these words arc addressed says, L«

Whom?]. (Mughnec.) 1UJI Jj\ [The alif of

annexation, or the annexed alif,] is that which is
an annex to tlie fet-hah of a rhyme, (T, K,)and to
that of the fern, pronoun U: in the former case as in

* UImuI IvJL- { _ r ~*\ ) il«- CJU *

in which I is made an annex to the fet-hah of tho
c [of the rhyme]; and in tlie saying in the Kur
[xxxiii. 10], UyJaJl Jft* £>y&3j, in which the I
after the last ,j is an annex to the fct-hnh of that
,j; and in other instances in the final words of
verses of the Kur-:'m, as UiiW and •^■ J ...A..> [in
Ixxvi. 15 and 18]: in the other case as in V^j-=>
and \i C>)y*. (T.) The difference between it and
J^yi >Jui is, that the latter is in the beginnings
of nouns and verbs, and the former is in the end-
ings of nouns [and verbs]. (T, K.) It is also
culled J^NI <JM [Tlie alif of unbinding, because
the vowel ending a rhyme prevents its being J«&*>,
i. e. "bound" by the preceding consonant]:
(Mughnec;) and iJUUJI will [tlie alif of the final
word of a verse of poetry or of a verse of the
Kur-an or of a clause of rhyming prose], (TA.)
[This last appellation must not be confounded
with that which here next follows.] 3>.r»UUI iju^l
[The separating alif] is the I which is written after
the j of the pi. to make a separation lictwccn that

J * *

« and what follows it, as in \<ySi> (T, K) and
\}ji£>, and in the like of IjjAj and I^*jj [and
Syb^i]; but when a pronoun is affixed to the verb,
this I, being needless, docs not remain: (T:) also
the I which makes a separation between the ,J
which is a sign of tlie fern, gender and the heavy
[or doubled] \j [in the corroborated form of the
aor. and imjHsrativc], (T, K,) localise a triple
combination of & is disliked, (T,) as in [^LUA^

and oUaUi * nd ] 0&*\ ( T > K ) and O 1 ^ 3 ^-
(T.)__aUuL>» oyJI Jul [The alif of the light, or
single, noon in the contracted corroborated form
of the aor. and imperative], as in tlie phrase in
the Kur [xcvi. 15], <UoUW Ui-J [explained in
art. *i-], (T, Ki) and t,,c phrase [in xii. 32],
J^jcLaM '^y» lij£jj [And he shall assuredly be
of those in a state of vileness, or ignominy],
in both of which instances the pause is made with
I [only, without tenween, so that one says U i ; )
and Uy4>, and this seems to be indicated in Expo-
sitions of tlie Kur-a n as the proper pronunciation
of these two words in the phrases hero cited, the
former of which, and the first word of the latter,

1

I find tints written in an excellent copy of the
Mughncc, with a fct-hnh only instead of tenween,
though I find them written in copies of the Kur-tin
nnd of the K with tenween, and for this reason
only I have written them therewith in the first
places above], this I being a substitute for the
1'ght ,j, which is originally the heavy ^ : and
nmong examples of the same is the saying of

El-Anslm,

» # • *** * ' <•* * • i * * * * *

• JjlvU «Dbj 0i £ t i\ JK-J % *

[And praise not thou the T>pulent, but God do

thou praise], the poet meaning ^jj^mJi, but

pausing with nn I: (T:) and accord, to 'Ikrimeh

Ed-Dabbcc, in the saying of Imra-cl-Kcys,
. 9 * * * * 9 • »^*

• J>iy ^~*. ^^J ^ jU UJ •

[what is meant is, Do thou pause that we may
weep by reason of the remembrance of an object
of love, and of a place of abode., for] the poet
means J^iS, but .substitutes 1 for the light ,j !
(TA ;) or, accord, to some, U5 is in this case [a
dual] addressed to the port's two companions.

(EM p. 4.) — »>y«M wit [Thealif of exchange]
is that which is substituted for the tenween (T, K)
of the accus. case when one pauses U]XHI it, (T,)
us in Ij^j o*lj (T, K [and so in the copy of the
Mughncc mentioned above, but in the copies of
the T I find IjJj,]) and \jlL *~J& and the like.
(T.) — ijiUai Jo\ [The alif of inability to ex-
press what one desires to soy], (T,) or ,«jU31 vJUl
[the alif of feiynimj negligence or heedlessness],
{K.,) [but the former is evidently, in my opinion,
the right ap|K'llation,] is that which is added when

one says j«£ ^1, and then, being unable to finish

■ « * ** j a

hw saying, pauses, saying U»* r%\, [in the CK

l^««,] prolonging it, desiring to be helped to the
speeeb that should reveal itself to him, (T, K,)
and at length saying Jjlhio, meaning to say, if
he were not unable to express it, JJUk~o j+s. ^j\
[Verily 'Omar is going away], (T.) The I in a

i *A

case of this kind is [also] said to Ihj ^£>JuU [for

the. piirjHise of endeavouring to remember]; and

in like ninuner, «, when one desires to say,

joj jtyii, and, forgetting j^j, prolongs the sound

in endeavouring to rcmemlier, nnd says yo^u.

(Mughncc in the sections on I and j.) It is also

added to a curtailed proper name of a person called

* J * » * > *
to, or hailed, as in L»t Ij for j^i. \j [which is an

ex. contrary to rule, ns

■ is mnsc. and consists
of only three letters]. (T.) i^Jjl Jul [The alif

of lamentation], as in eljuj bj [Ala*, Zeyd!],
(T, £,) i. e. die I idler the i ; (T ;) and one may

say I ju j lj, without the » of pausation. (Alfecych

of Ibn-Miilik, and I 'Ak p. 272.) ^l&l^l Jul

[The alif of disapproval], (T,) or jbu^) JU^'

[which means the same], (Mughncc,) is similar to

v * * t fit
that next preceding, as in •b r »fi ^11 [TI hat! Aboo-

Omur?] in reply to one who says, " Aboo-'Omar

came;" the* being added in this case after the

letter of prolongation like as it is in »UNi lj said

in lamentation. (T.) [The ex. given in the

Mughncc is *\j+t. I, as said in reply to one who

says, " I met 'Amr;" and thus I find it written,

with I j fit this is a mistranscription of the inter-

rogative I, which see below.] In this case it is
only added to give fulness of sound to the vowel ;

for you say, ajJU-jJI [What I the man? for

i iji **t

ojAo.pt I,] after one has said "The man stood;"

I '191 t £ fl I

and »"$-cf-ji I in the accus. case ; and «eJle»j)l in the

gen. case. (Mughncc in the section on _j. [But

in my copy of that work, in these instances, the

incipient I, which is an 1 of interrogation, is written

F.]) 4iU.NI iC ±jL JjJUJt Ju^l [Thealif that

is converted from the affixed pronoun ^j], as in
• »t * * j * * > *

J-51 UN* \j[Omy boy, advance thou, ]\or ^y/^i-h;

(TA in art. j^*.;) [and jJjj U^i C (I 'Ak

p.271) my wonder at Zeyd ! forjuj) ^jja-* k'<]

and in U^l U for ^J^\ b, and Ub} U for ^jAjj W>

and Ci £ and «W'W ^ for ,wW C- ( T an <l TA in
art.b.) [This is sometimes written i_£, but pre-
ceded by a fct-hnh.] il^l^l JuNI [The trans-

muted alif, in some copies of the K 3Uj» «)l <_*)!,
which, as MF observes, is put for the former,] is
every I that is originally ^ or i_j (T, K) movent,
(T,) ns in Jl» [originally Jy],and c^ [originally

J^]» (T, K,) and \ji [originally 3 'ji], and ^iJ
[originally ig-ai], and the like of these. (T.)_
i-iiSI iJUt [The alif of the dual, or rather, ofduali-
zation], (T, K,) in verbs, (TA,) as in ^jLJjLj
and ^jLaJu, (T, K,) and in nouns, (T,) as in

OlJupl (T, K) and o'j^" 5 (T;) [i. e.] the I
which in verbs is a dual pronoun, as in ^Ijw and
O^oUi , and in nouns a sign of the dual and an

9 *» J «•

indication of the nom. case, as in ijforj. (S.)_

It is also indicative of the accus. case, as in c-jIj

»U [I saw his mouth]. (S:) £^JI Jt\ [The

alif of the plural, or of plurulization] , as in j,nX Lt

and jCof (T, K) and J>Cy and J*iy. (T.)

t' ' i *

>lwU)l \Ji\ [The alif denoting the fern, gender],

as in .j^a. (Mughncc, K) and (j?jx-> [in which
it is termed SjyeJU *hortened], and the meddeh
in ttj^o- (K) nnd ^U-j and iUJu [in which it is

termed S)jj**» lengthened]. (TA.) JjUJNI ^AJI

[The alif of adjunction, or quasi-coordituition ;
that which renders a word an adjunct to a par-
ticular class, i. c. quasi-coordinate to another
word, of which the radical letters are more in
number than those of the former word, (see the
sentence next following,)], (Mughnce, TA,) as
in U»jl (Mughncc) [or j^jl ; and the meddeh

in TULc&c] j-^&JI Jo\ [The alif of multipli-
cation, i. e. that merely augments the number of
the letter* of a word without making it either

fern, or quasi-coordinate to another, unaugmented,

*****
word], as in jj^jlj (Mughncc, TA) [correctly

^j2jl3], in which the I [here written i_£] is not

to denote the fcm. gender, (S and K in art.jJouS,)
• ** ***

because its fcm. is '6\j*ji*j, ns Mbr. sayB ; (S and

TA in diat art. ;) nor to render it quasi-coordi-
nate to another word, (K and TA in that art.,)
as is said in the Lubsib, because there is no noun
of six radical letters to which it can be made to be

[Book I.

so; but accord, to Ibn-Miilik, a word is some-
times made quasi-coordinate to one comprising

* * »*• * #>t

augmentative letters, as u ,. JnH is to^aJj*.!. (TA

in that art.) = J-o^J I wU)l [The alifs of conjunc-
tion or connexion, or the conjunctive or connexive
alifs], (T, K,) which are in the beginnings of
nouns, (T,) [as well as in certain well-known

• »*f \*a*i

cases in verbs,] occur in ^1 (T, K) and^l (K)

and io I and ^jUJ t and ,jU>J I and 3j>* I and i\y» I

• *■* • **»

and jfJ\ and c~« I, (T, ^,) which have a kesreh

to the I when they commence a sentence, [or occur
alone, i. c, when immediately preceded by a
quiescence,] but it is elided when they arc con-
nected with a preceding word, (T,) [by which term
" word" is included a particle consisting of a single

letter with its vowel,] and k>»jl and_^l [nnd
variations thereof, which have cither a fct-hah or
a kesreh to the I when they commence a sentence,
or occur alone], (K,) and in the article Jl, the I
of which has a fct-hah when it commences a sen-
tence. (T.)=£Lbl Jut [The alif of disjunction,

or the disjunctive alif,] is in the beginnings of
sing, nouns and of pi. nouns : it may be known
by its permanence in the dim., and by its riot

being a radical letter : thus it occurs in v >— »-t, of

j • * i
which the dim. is ^>..».l : (I Amb, T :) in pis.

it occurs in (jiyi and *-tjjl (I Amb, T, K) and

** •£ »

<U~Jt [&c.]: (I Amb, T:) [it also occurs in verbs

" **H **» I %

of the measure ^*i\, as j*j£=>\ ; in which cases it

is sometimes i-JLJJ, i. c. privative, (like the

*-> ' ' t * it

Greek alpha,) as in Jx~»l " he did away with in-

justice," which is termed Js^-J nnd L_3, inf. ns.
of huJ :] it is distinguished from the radical I, as
shown above : (I Amb, T :) or it is sometimes
augmentative, as the interrogative I [to be men-
tioned below] ; and sometimes radical, as in jta.1

"*

nnd j*»\ ; and is thus distinguished from the con-
junctive I, which is never other than augmentative.
(S.) j.. a i S )\^ J yA fcill iJJI [7Vic alif denoting

excess and deficiency, i. e., denoting the compara-

. f » t **% f * t J

tive and superlative degrees], as in jtj£s\ ^yii

[Such a one is more generous, or noble, titan
thou], (T, K,*) and ■£)**» >»NI [wio? - c ungenerous,

£ j * • I

or ignoble, than thou], (T,) and ^^.UJI J./»-t [the

it
most ignorant of men], (T, K.*)__SjU*JI Jjl

[77*c alif of signification], (T, K,) as though,

(T,) or because, (TA,) significant of the speaker,

(T, TA,) also called <ULoU)l [the operative], as in

'iil^iiill Ul [J beg forgiveness of God], (T, K,)

nnd I jia Jiil lif [J do thus]. (T.) *f\LL^\ Ji\

* * * *
[The alif of interrogation, or the interrogative

alif], (T, S, Msb in art. }+*, Mughncc,) as in

f * *e*l

^JAS j^jl [Js Zeyd standing?], (Mughncc,) and

f * ti * -> *t.t
jj*)*>l Jju* j*jjl [Is Zeyd with thee, or at thine

rt&or/e, or '.4w?r?], (.S,) and juj ^Ul [Did Zeyd

stand?], said when the askcr is in ignorance, and

* »**
to which the answer is N or ^*j ; (Msb ;) and in

9 * m* 9*1

a negative phrase, as 9-ji-i ^ [Did we not dilate,
or enlarge? in the £ur xciv. 1]. (Mughncc.)

Book I.]

When this is followed by another hemzch, an 1 is
interposed between the two hemzchs, [so that you

» •* * . ' '*' . .

say oJllt, also written wJH,] as in the saying

of Dhu-r-Rummch,

T *

, it 0« »« ( i . s ,

[0 tlwu doe-gazelle of El-Waasd between Jeldjil
and the oblong gibbous hill of sand, is it thou, or
Umm-Sdlim ?] ; (T, S ;) but some do not this.
(T.) [It is often conjoined with jjl, as in the

Kur xii. 90, iju>^,j C-J"^ OU>1 Art thou indeed
Joseph ?] It is sometimes used to make a person
acknowledge, or confess, a thing, (T, Msb in
art. j+A, Mughnec,) and to establish it, (Msb,) as

in the phrase in the Kur [v. 110], ^->UU oJl* w«Jlt
. >t- * * * »• » »-t

or Oo 1 1 [ Didst thou sag to men?], (T,) and m.j£j^\

[explained above], (Msb in art. >«*,] and in

(J- * * * I * 0y * * 0M T% 1

ljuj C~/j~9l or £~/j*o «_uill [Didit thou beat
Zeyd?], and <^ij-o Ijjjt [Zegd didit thou beat?].
(Mughnce.) And for reproving, (T, Mughnec,)
as in the phrase in the Kur [xxxvii. 153], .-aJxol
i^JI 1-X* OUJI [Hath lie chosen daughters in
preference to sons?], (T,) [but sec the next scn-
tence,] and [in the same eh., verse 93,] U ^jjjtoLil
(j^Tjfc, 3 [Do ye worship what ye hem out?].
(Mughnec.) And to express a nullifying denial,
as in [the words of the Kur xvii. 42,] ^-aU-alsl
UOI a&^JT ^y> JlSTj J^t^j [//«</, */«cn
your Lord preferred to give unto you sons, and
gotten for himself, of the angels, daughters?].
(Mughnec.) And to denote irony, us in [the Kur

xi. 89,] tjvT JJJu U i)p ,j\ i£id iSJl^Uj'l [Do
thy prayers enjoin thee that ice should leave what
our fathers worshipped?]. (Mughnec.) And to

denote wonder, as in [the Kur xxv. 47,] y j£\

JJaJI j-c ou£> Jbj iJI [Hast thou, not considered

the work of //*y Lord, how lie hath extended the
shade?]. (Mughnec.) And to denote the deeming
a thing slow, or tardy, as in [the Kur lvii., 15,]

UJUl _>jJJU oW >«" [Hath not the time yet come
for those who hare believed?]. (Mughnec.) And
to denote a command, as in [the Kur iii. 19,]

jj+LM, meaning lyjud [Enter ye into the reli-
gion of El-Islam]. (Mughnce, and so Jel.) And
to denote equality, occurring after Jl^_» and jJVjI U

c I - # 0- , "

and i_fji' U mid \^£j*i> C-j), und the like, as in

0. ef OJ' * 0' 3 ~ f 0- ~ £"

[the Kur lxiii. (),] ^ ^»l _^y) OjAJu-l^oy-l* Jl^_.

Jeyi Juu...!i [It will be <;//««/ <o (//o« whether thou

beg forgiveness for them or do not beg fargiveness
- ,, it . hi A ,

^br t/iim], and in Ojl*5 >l w~»sl ^jIU U [/rare

wot whether thou stand or sit] : and the general
rule is this, that it is the hemzch advening to a
phrase, or proposition, of which the place may be
supplied by the inf. n. of its verb ; for one may

say, a-ojii} jUjv...i*JI j$*£& l\y~> [Equal to them
will be the begging of forgiveness and the not doing

so], and •uojktj iLeUu ^\j\ U [I care not for
thy standing and thy not doing so], (Mughnec.)
___»! jJI will [The alif of calling, or vocative alif],

1-V<
(T, S,* Mughnee,* K,) as in »wjl, meaning jjj I*
[0 Ztyd], (T, K,) and in j£\ j$ [0 Zeyd,
advance], (S,) used in calling him who is near,
(S, Mughnee,) to the exclusion of him who is
distant, because it is abbreviated. (S.) I, with medd,
is a particle used in calling to him who is distant,
(Mughnce, K,) as in J^SI JLJT [Ho there, or soho,
or holla, Zeyd, advance]. (TA.) Az says, You
say to u man, in calling him, (J'iHit and ^jy^i\ and
jyl C\ (TA) or Ct. (S and K in art. \j\.) —

*bTl, for aDTj yj\i sec ^1 In a dial, of some

of the Arabs, hemzch is used in a case of pausing

at the end of a verb, as in their saying to a
> it t

woman, ^Jy [Say thou], and to two men, *^y
•* 0> j

[Say ye two], and to a pi. number, $Jy [Say ye];

but not when the verb is connected with a word
following it : and they say also *^, with a hemzch,
[for %] in a case of pausation. (T.) But Ahmad
Ibn-Yuhya says, All men say that when a hemzch
occurs at the end of a word, [i. c. in a case of
pausation,] and has a quiescent letter before it,
it is elided in the nom. and gen. eases, though
retained in the aceus. case [because followed by a
quiescent 1], except Ks alone, who retains it in
all cases : when it occurs in the middle of a word,
all agree that it should not be dropped. (T.) AZ
[however] says that the people of El-Hijiiz, and
Hudhcyl, and the people of Mckkeh and El-
Medecnch, do not pronounce hemzch [at all] : and
'Eesa Ibn-'Omar says, Temeem pronounce hem-
zch, and the people of El-IIijdz, in cases of
necessity, [in poetry,] do so. (T.)__Ks cites, [us

exhibiting two instances of a rare usage of II, or I,
in a case of pausing, in the place of a suppressed
word,]

10 o» "^1 J--I -Hj» *))

[written without the syll. signs in the MS. from
which I transcribe this citation, but the reading
seems to be plain, and the meaning, Ouch a one
supplicated his Lord, and made his words to be
heard, saying, Good is double good; and if evil
lie my lot, then evil; but I desire not evil unless
Thou will that it should befall me]: and he says,

he means, A£i _jl *^l ; this being of the dial, of
Bcnoo-Saud, except that it is [with them] U, with
a soft I [only] : also, in replying to a person who

says, " Wilt thou not come?" one says, \i, mcan-

ing l~/ w-Aili [Then go thou with us]: and in

like manner, by IU, in the saying above, is meant

3--

jLi. (TA.)= Ilcmzeh also sometimes occurs as

a verb; »l, i. e. I with the » of pausation added,

being the imperative of i^fj as syn. with j^_j.
(Mughnce.) =_= [As a numeral, I denotes One.]

1. Z>\, (T, §, M, &c.,) aor. - , (M, K,) agree-
ably with analogy in the case of an intrans. verb

of this class, (TA,) and '- , (AZ, T, S, M, K,)

2 i
contr. to analogy, (TA,) inf. n. «_>l (T, S, M, K)

and 4-rfl (M, K) and libl and %C\ (S, M, K)

and ijlil ; (M ;) and t»_«i5T [written witli the dis-
junctive alif J^j\] ; (T, K ;) He prepared him-
self, (AZ, S, M, A, K,) and equipped himself,
(AZ, S, A,) for (J) departing, or going away,
(AZ,S,) or for journeying: (M,A, K:) or he
determined upon journeying, and prepared him-
self. (T.) El-Aasha says,

00 $0 * I* # » - ♦ - • *

• UJJ v lj U-JL_» ^> ji rf-l

(T, S, M, TA,) i. c. I cut [in effect, while I did
not really cut] you : for like one who cuts is a
brother who has determined and prepared to go
away. (TA.) [Hence,] 4»W' *& V 1 ** % [or
vW' *)) w'W* ^t] a prov. [which sec explained in
art. w*]. (TA.) [And hence the saying,] ^y yh
^y, (S, M, K,) and a-M and *-)Cl, (M,) He
is in his [state of, or he is engaged in his,] pre-
paration or equipment [for departing or journey-
ing]. (S, M, K.) The hemzch in w»l is sometimes
changed into ^ ; and thus «j^, inf. n. w<j, signi-
fies lie prepared himself to assault, or charge, in

battle. (T, TA.) -i)^l i^l, and i-JWJ, His

way, or course, of acting, or conduct, or the like,
was, or became, rightly directed, or ordered. (M,

K.)_"<vl «->' '• '/• *>>- a * J~°*> (K>) which signi-
fies lie tended, repaired, betook himself, or di-
rected his course, towards him, or it : (S and Msb
in art. j~oi :) and also, he pursued his (another's)
course, doing as he (the latter) did. (L in art.

j_=^.)__^ Ji Vt ( M ' s ^') nor - ■ ( Il)nl -

M, K) and i , (K,) inf. n. ^J\ (A A, S, M, K)
and iJCl and \£\ (M, K) and 1$, (TA,) Jle
yearned for, longed for, or longed to see, his home.
(AA, S, M, K-)

8 : sec 1, first signification.

10. tvl""*' *L* adopted him as a father ; an

S>
cxtr. form; (IAar, M ;) from ,_il, a dial. var. of

I*; (TA:) regularly, »Wull. (M.) And Jj^-i

Cl and Cl v^-V-l He adopted a father. (TA in

art. y\.)
• i
»_>l : sec art. yp.

It

«_il Herbage, (M, K,) whether fresh or dry :

(M,* K,* TA :) or pasture, or herbage which
beasts feed upon, (Fr, AHn, Zj, T, S, M, A,
MkI>, K,) of whaterer kind, (AHn, Zj,) [or]
not sown by men : (Msb :) it is, to cattle and
other beasts, what fruit is to men : (Mujiihid,
T, Msb:) or whatever grows upon the face of
the earth ; (' Ata, Til, T, M ;) whatever vegeta-
ble the earth produces: (K,* TA :) and also,
green herbage, or plants: (K,* TA:) and, as
some say, straw, (Jel in lxxx. 31, and TA,) be-
cause cattle cat it: (TA :) or herbage prepared
fir pasture and for cutting : (TA :) accord, to
IF, (Msb,) dried fruits; because prepared for
winter (Bd in lxxx. 31, und Msb) and lor jour-

3 '« ....
ncying : (Msb :) pi. [of pauc] _yj'» originally

44»- (I 'Ak p. 3G7.) Yousay,_^-JI iS clj J&

^•^l «U clij, meaning <S«c/i a one's seed-produce

[or grain] increased, and hit pasture became
ample. (A.)m Also a dial. var. of ^A, A father.

(T, and MF from the Tes-heel of Ibn-Malik.)

jM at
^*yl ^>l : SCO 1.

*' 't , • ' '

4/1/1 and i/l/l A mat/, or course, of acting, or

conduct, or the like. (M, K.) [See L]

O^i The f »'me, or season, of a tiling : (Msb :)
or the time of the preparing, or making ready, of
n thing : (Mgh :) as, for instance, of fruit : (Mgh,

Msb :) it is of the measure t>^*», (Mgh, Msb,)

a * •
from s^l in the first of the senses assigned to it

above, (Mgh,) the ,J being augmentative ; (Msb;)

or of the measure JUi, (Mgh, Msb,) from ^>Jl

"he watched" or "observed" a thing, (Mgh,)
the ^ being radical : (Msb :) hut the former
derivation is the more correct. (Mgh.) [Sec also
art. ^1.]

/I Tlie first of a series of eight words com-
prising the letters of the Arabic alphabet [in the
order in which they were originally disposed,
agreeing with that of the Hebrew and Aramaic,
but with six additional letters : they arc variously
written and pronounced; generally as follows:

* * * ' i •''' § * # m * , * ft f > mi* ft - tl

£li-» J*i~> C~ijS (^jjbfc- ^>JL£» ^Jam. jyk Jl»»jI :

but the Arabs of Western Africa write the latter

four thus: J-*±> J^J C~>y Jauw]: (K and

TA in art. J^-f. [in both of which arc related

several fables concerning the origin of these

words :]) accord, to the general opinion, the word

J— jI is of foreign origin, [like each of the words

following it,] and therefore its first letter [as well

us each of the others] is a radical. (TA.) [Hence,
> - »f »»,

jk»^)t signifies The alphabet. You say iJm*.

-xj^JI The letters of the alphabet.— It is proba-
ble (as l)c Sacy has observed in his Ar. Gram.,
'2nd cd., i. 8,) that the Arabic alphabet originally
ei insisted of only twenty-two letters : for some of
the ancient Arabs called Saturday jut^t, Sunday
jyk, and so on to £*JiijS inclusive ; calling Friday

ijj^- In the lexicon entitled " El-'Eyn," the

letters of the alphabet are arranged nearly ac-
cording to their places of utterance ; as follows :

£ ' C' *' C' t' ^' ^' C *^' w *' KJ °' yja> }* **'

>» <->> •*, J, i>, j, J, o» <-*» V* >» it l> vi :
and this order has l>cen followed in the Tahdhcch
and Mohkam and some other lexicons.]

V t — j*l

meaning wild :] took fright, and fled, or ran away
at random: (Mgh:) took fright at, and shunned,
mankind. (T, Msb.) \#\ also signifies The
shrinking from a thing, or shunning it ; syn. j^jS.
(Kull pp. 30 and 31.) And j*t, (S, K,) aor. ' ;
(K;) and 1j$; (A, K;) He (a man, S, A)
became unsocial, unsociable, unfamiliar, or shy ;

like a wild animal; syn. JL^y. (S, A, K.)

[Hence,] j#, (K,) aor. ; , inf. n. \#\, (TA,) \He
(a poet) made use, in his verses, of words, or
phrases, strange, unusual, unfamiliar, or far from
being intelligible, (K,* TA,) such as were not
understood (K) at first sight., or on first con-
sideration. (TA.) — [And perhaps from jj\ in
the sense explained above, but more probably, I
think, by the substitution of 1* for j,] j^f, aor, - ,
(T, S, &c.,) inf. n. j^t, (L,) He (a man, S) was
ongry ; (T, S, M, L, K ;) as also j*t\ and Jy^ and
j-j and ^f. (T, L.) You say, <& jj He was
angry with him. (L.)

■f • • *'

2. j*\, inf. n. j^D, He made, or rendered,

perpetual. (S, K.) [See also the pass. part. n.

- . * t. « , ft£ o,

below.] \j~f\i JjoI^ is a phrase used as though

meaning TJj^V ^Jj [I did not a deed ever to

* ' ' '
be remembered, or mentioned], (Ham p. 191.)

He, or it, made [a beast] to take fright; to be-
come wild, or shy. (KL.)

0. «vU : see 1, in two places He (a man)

was long distant from his home ; expl. by oilt
*^iji. ; (K ;) or was long in a state of celibacy ;
*^>* CJU>, as in one copy of the K ; (TA ;) and
became little in need, or little desirous, of women.
(K.)__ Jt (a place of abode or sojourning) be-
came deserted [by mankind]: (T, M, K:) and
became inhabited by wild animals. (T, M, A.)

see j^l.

1. jk/l, aor. ; , inf. n. >yl, He remained, stayed,
abode, or dicelt, (T, S, M, K,) constantly, con-
tinually, or permanently, without quitting, (T,
L,) O^W »'* a place ; (T, S, M, K ;) and so J^l
having for its aor. I . (TA.) — J^f, (S, M, A, &c.,)
aor. z and '- , (T, S, M, L,' Msb, K,) inf. n. jjyj ;
(M, L.Msb;) and * j^3; (T, M, A, Mgh, L;)

He (a beast) became wild, or shy ; syn. l> A a ->' s
(S, M, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K:) [because wild
animals live long, unless killed by accident ; ac-
eord. to what is said by As and others in explana-

+/i Time, syn. ^hy, (S, M, Msb, K,) in an
absolute sense : (TA :) or a long time, syn. jM*
Jj>t : (A, and Mgh : [and this may be meant
in the S &c. by the syn. jh) alone, q. v.:]) or,
properly, a long time ( Jjj!» jM*) that is unlimited:
(Msb, TA :) or an extended space of time tliat
is indivisible ; for you say \jj» ^Uj " the time
of such a thing," but not \J£a jl/I : (Er-Raghib :)
[and generally, time, or duration, or continuance,
or existence, without end ; endless time, &c. ; pro-
spective eternity; opposed to Jjl, which signifies
" time, or duration, &»., without beginning :" (see
the latter word for further explanations, &c. :) each
of these significations may be meant by the ex-
planation in the S and M and K, which is also
given in the Msb : each correctly applies in par-
ticular instances :] pi. [of pauc] >l/T (S, M, Msb,

K) and [of mult.] \#\ (S, M, K) [and £,3$, of
which an ex. will be found below] : but the use
of these pis. is restricted to particular cases, to
signify portions of time, or to serve as corrobora-

tives to the sing.: (MF:) as signifying an ex-
tion of .»y\ji (sing. Mft) applied to animals, as J tended indivisible space of time, [or the like,]

[Book I.

j^\ should have neither dual nor pi. ; but jl/t is
sometimes said, when the sing, is restricted to
denote a particular part, or portion, of the whole
of that to which it applies, in like manner as a
generic noun is restricted to a special and partial
signification: some, however, have mentioned
jl/l as being post-classical ;' not of the language
of the Arabs called ."l£«Jt ^>^*i\. (Er-Rughib.)
J-J ^yi* J^"i)t JU» [The time became long to
Lubad, the last, and the longest of life, of Luk-
mdn's seven vultures, to the term of the life of
which his own term of life was decreed to extend,]
is a proverb applied to any thing that has been of
long duration. (M.) And you say, \^ti jXM J3jj
iU^)l j^*/ >l^| Jjjl, [May God grant thee a
life long in duration (lit. durations, the pi. form
being used not in its proper sense, but to give
intensiveness of signification), and remote in limit
(lit. limits)]. (A.) And jLSi\ jtf ^ \J± J&,
This was a long time ago. (Mgh.) And ♦ j^l jjl

(TA) and tju/l J#. (S, M, TA,) meaning J^b
[in an intensive sense] ; (TA ;) [A long, or an
endless, period of time ;] like as you say, 1*1^ 1*>
(S) or j»k} j*). (M.) [In each of these phrases,
the latter word is added as a corroborative, or to
give intensiveness to the signification.] j^^L) and
*K/*$ and [in an intensive sense, as will be seen
below,] j^l j^-n) and j^t j^, accord, to different
recitals of a trad., signify To the end of time ;for
ever; and for ever and ever. (TA.) I jyl is an adv. n.,
of which the signification includes all future time ;
[meaning Ever; like Li in relation to past time ;]
(El-Khafajee, El-Bedr Ed-Dcmamccncc, MF;)
and jl/^I ^U. signifies the same. (TA.) [So, too,
docs ju^JI, unless used in a limited sense known
to the hearer.] When you say, Ij^l a^I&I ^,
you mean, [/ will not speak to him as long as I
live, or henceforth, or ever ; or i" will never speak
to him; i. e.,] from the time of your speaking to
the end of your life. (Msb.) [In this case, Ij^l
may also be considered as a mere corroborative. It
is used in both these ways d^^LU and jufcyjj)
in affirmative as well as negative sentences. For
cxs. of its use in affirmative sentences, sec the
Kur xviii. 2 and iv. 60, &c] One also says,
a*3l % (S, M, A,) and 4^', (T, K,) >&\ j^'l',
(T, M, A, K,) which, though of classical autho-
rity, is said to be no evidence of the use of jl/Tas
a pi. of *j^l in a general way by the Arabs of the
classical ages, as it is here added merely as a cor-
roborative, as JljT is in the phrase Jlj^l j)\ ;
(MF;) and ^.A&l JJ, (M, A, K,) in which the
latter word is not a rel. n., for if so it would be
Oii±fl\, but app. a pi., (M,) like o^jl ; (M,
K;) and * £hj>£)\ +/\, (S, K,) like as you say,
Oi£&\ % ; (S;) and ti!^| J^f ; (M, K;)
andtj^i $. (T, S, M, A, K;) and J«l
1*J$i (M,K;) and^l j^f; (Kj) and X'l

Book I.]

jijjt; (M,K; [in the T >kjjt j*';]) all of
which phrases arc the same in meaning; (K;)
[i. e. I will not do it, and / will not come to him,
(or <t-3l *) may here mean the same as aJLwI *),)
during the endless space of all future times, or time;
or the like ; or for ever and ever ; cU a'tuva ruv
aluvwv, in seculum seculorum ; in omne a>vum ;]
the last word in every case being a corroborative.

(MF.)__Also, [for jul ji, and (applied to a
fern, n.) Jul Oli,] Lasting : or everlasting. (S,

A, K.) So in the saying, jul ijA-*)^ jujI-LjjJI
[7%* present state of existence is limited in dura-
tion, but the final state of existence is everlasting'].
('Obeyd Ibn-'Omeyr and L.) And ju*})t signifies
[The Everlasting ; i. c. God ; because He alone
is t^ju^t i^UI The Enduring without end or
cessation; for the Muslims hold that all living
creatures (even the angels) must die, and be
raised again to life : or] The Ancient without
beginning. (K.) = Also Offspring that is a year

old. (¥.)
« i

Jul Unsocial, unsociable, unfamiliar, or shy;
like a wild animal ; applied to a man, and to a
young camel: (S, L:) and tjyif applied to a
female slave, and to a she-ass, signifies shunning
mankind, shy, or wild. (K.) [See also jul.] =
Sec also jut, in four places.

■*« — „1

for the Arab in ancient times was considered ns
dishonoured by his having a child by a slave].

(S.) The Arabs also said, j&\ J*JI £*-i O*
*J^"^I S?l> meaning Nothing will attain to the
object of removing hard fortune save female
sialics a7id beasts or cattle which breed, or bring
forth. (M, L : [in the latter of which is added,
jjj >U J£> ,-i in every year bringing forth.])

sec jut.

(^jul : see jul, last sentence but one.

Sjj^I [The quality, or attribute, of unlimited,
indivisible, or endless, duration; everlastingness],

(M, K.) See jul «l»Cjyt a term applied^to

Sayings of which the following is an ex. : .±1^31 •$
ji U. (M in art. <Jyo [q. v.]; &c.)

#*■ J | • *

i^l : see jut,

j-jt : see jul, in three places.

*i

see jul.

i This word, (Lth, ISJi, S, £,)

said by Lth and ISh to be the only word of its
measure heard from the Arabs except JjI and
mSi and ^..U*., but Az says that he had not
heard the last two from any person worthy of
reliance, and that they arc pronounced mSi and

^Lm*., (L,) [sec Jj| f ] and » jyl and tj^ (£,)

which are thought by Az to be dial. vars. of the
first, (L,) applied to a female slave, and to a
she-ass, signify Prolific; that breeds, or brings

forth, plentifully ; (S,KL;) and ♦ jut and tijul
(Aboo-Malik, TA) and tjju], (Aboo-Malik, $,')
applied to a she-camel, signify the same : (Aboo-
Malik, $,TA:) and jul (Lth, ISh, L) and tj^f,

tt *

(M, L,) applied to a female slave, (M, L,) and
to a she-ass, (Lth, ISh, M, L,) and to a mare,
(M, L,) that brings forth every year; (Lth, ISh,
L ;) or applied as a pi. to the female slave and
the mare and the she-ass, that breed, or bring
forth: (M,L:) and ijljyNI the female slave and
the mare. (K, TA.) In the following saying,

• +*y\j\*+*.\ • id» j^JI ££ £j •
Jju>u U JM» ,v

[Hard fortune will not depart save with the for-
tune which is the necessary attendant of the pos-
sessor of the female slave, as long as he possesses
her, (or, if we take ^j in the sense of » jj», save
with the fortune of this female slave,) who every
year (U being redundant) brings forth,] ju*^l
means the female slave because her being prolific
is an obstacle to prosperity, and is not good for-
tune ; i. e., she only increases evil [and brings
reproach upon her master by bearing hiin children;

jul Remaining, staying, abiding, or dwelling,
constantly, continually, or permanently, in a place;
applied to a man [and to a bird]. (L.) And jul^t
[pi. of I juT] Birds tliat remain in a country con-
stantly, winter and summer ;' (T,~L;) contr. of
ai>ty. (A, L.)_For the phrases juT ju I and

J>JJu*9l Jul, see jul A wild animal; (M, L,

Msb ;) that shuns, and takes fright at, mankind,

4r. : (L, Msb :) fem. with 5: pi. [properly fem.]
j *% ***

jul«l, (M, Mgh, L,) and [masc. and fem.] jut :

(M, L:) and * }y\ is syn. with Jul; (M;) as
also * julio. (A.) Wild animals are called juljl
(S,M,L,K) and £\ (M,L,K) because tliey
endure for a long, or [naturally] unlimited, time ;
(M, L ;) because they do not die a natural death,
(As, M, L, K,) but from some evil accident ; and
the same is asserted of the serpent. (Af , M, L.)
[See also j*!.] [Hence,] july^l X? t The light,
or active, horse, which overtakes the wild animals,
and which they can hardly, or never, escape : so
called because he prevents their escaping the
pursuer like a shackle. (Msb.) [See also art. j^J.]
[Hence also the saying,] jiiJlu Ujj-ii jul^l ^jUI
^[Benefits are fugitive, or fleeting; therefore de-
tain ye them by gratitude], (A trad.)

5 jut fem. of jut, q. v. _ Also, [as a subst.,]
\A deed, (Har p. 364,) or a calamity, (S, M,
K,) ever to be remembered, or mentioned, (S, M,
K, Har,) by reason of its extraordinary nature,
and its grievousness : (Har :) or a great, or
formidable, event, at which people take fright, or
are alarmed: (TA:) or a strange, abominable,
or evil, thing: (Ham p. 627:) pi. juljl. (K.)
You say, Sjuly £f±s ;U- Such a one did, or brought
to pass, [a deed or] calamity ever to be remem-
bered, or mentioned. (S.) See also 2. _ \A
strange, an unusual, or an unfamiliar, word or
saying; one far from being intelligible; (M ;)
pi. July, signifying expressions af subtile mean-
ings ; so called because remote from perspicuity.
(Msb.) _ The pi. also signifies I Strange, un-
usual, unfamiliar, or extraordinary, rhymes, or

verses, or poems; syn. ^lyU' O* >j*y*> (?,) or
j£i >J\£. (1$..) El-Farez'dak says,

^L-*i^i ju*^ tjjuiyj

[Ye will not attain to my nobility with the igno-
bleness of your father, nor to my extraordinary '
verses by arrogating to yourselves the verses of
other men]. (S ) [See Jul.]

j^o [Made, or rendered, perpetual]. You
say, I Sjyt US) a-o;I iJiJj He made his land an
unalienable bequest for pious uses in perpetuity,
not to be sold nor to be inherited. (T.) — Also,
with 5, A she-camel that is mild, and intractable,

or unmanageable ; syn. i-oU*e i x, — j . (!£•)
•.i-j • -

julie : sec jut.

JV«
1. ^&\ 'Ji, (S,K,) aor. -, and -' , (?,) inf.
n. JJf, (TA,) He gave the dog, to eat, a needle in
bread: (S,I£:) and [app., in like manner, ji\
i\li\ he gave the sheep, or goat, to eat, a needle in
its fodder : for you say,] i\li\ w.^1 the sheep, ^or
goat, ate a needle in the fodder. (A.) _ *3jyl
J r j J l*)\ \The scorpion stung him with the ex-
tremity of. its tail. (S, M,A,£-) — «k« I He
spoke evil of him behind his back, or in his absence,
or otherwise, with truth, or though it might be
with truth; or defamed him; (IAar,T, A,$ ;)
and annoyed him, or hurt him. (IAar, T, A.)
==$, (T,S,A,Msb,$,) aor. - and '- , inf. n.
JJl (M,Msb,K) and Jwj and Jjljl, (M,£,) He
fecundated a palm-tree [by means of the spadix of
the male tree, which is bruised, or brayed, and
sprinkled upon the spadix of the female ; or by
inserting a stalk of a raceme of the male tree into
the spathe of the female, after shaking oflf the
pollen of the former upon the spadix of the female
(see ^i)1)]; (T, S, A, Msb ;)" as also *,?, (S,
A,) inf. n. J^13 : (S :) or the latter has an inten-
sive and frequentative signification [meaning the
doing so much, or frequently, or to many palm-
trees] : (Msb:) and the former (S, M, A,£)
and Matter, (M,A,K,) he dressed, or put into a
good or right or proper state, a palm-tree, (S, M,
A, K,) and sccd-producc, (M, K,) or any thing,
as, for instance, a snare for catching game. (A

Hn, M.) You say also, iJUi-JI ojyl, and *OjjI,
and Ojjj, The palm-tree was fecundated. (Aboo-
'Amr Ibn-El-'Ali, L.)« jyl, aor. : , He, (a man,
TA,) or it, was, or became, in a good or right or
proper state. (T, K.)

2 : see 1, in three places.

5. jvk I* ( a palm-tree, A and Msb, or a young
palm-tree, S) admitted, or received, fecundation :
(S, A, Msb:) it became fecundated of itself . (S.)

8. »J3l [written with the disjunctive alif *j*i\]
He asked him to fecundate, or to dress, or put
into a good or right or proj>er state, his palm-
trees, or hit seed-produce. (T, S, M, *"§..) am See
also jO.

Ijjj A needle ; (T, Msb ;) an iron ill* : (M,

¥ P«- ^1 ( T » 9. M, Msb, K) and JWI. (M, K.)
_ J Tlic sting, or extremity of the tail, of a
scorpion ; (S,* M, A, £. ;) as also *^U ; of which

latter tlic pi. is ^U : (A:) und of a bee. (A.)

J The extremity of a horn. (A.) _ t The [privy]
member of a man. (TA.)__ »lJJJI i^t J The ex-
tremity of the elbow ; (Zj in his Khalk el-Insan ;
and A;) the extremity of the clji [here mean-
ing the ulna] of the arm, (K,) from which the
measurer by the cubit measures ; (TA ;) [this
Ix-ing always done from the extremity of the
'IIkjw ;] the extremity of the bone from which the
measurer by the cubit measures : the extremity of
Iho os humeri which is next to the elbow is called

the

c^ ;

and tlic m.j of tlic elbow is between the

*-«i mid the p'jJJI «jj\ : (T :) or a small bone,
the head of which is large, and the rest slender,
comjrartly joined to the m-~3 : (TA voce -»«5 :)
or the slender part of the clji : (S, M : or a
bone, (as in some copies of the K,) or small bone,
(as in other copies of the K and in the M,) which
latter is the right reading, (TA,) even with the
extremity of the jJj [which is applied to the ulna
and to the radius] of, or from, (,>»,) the elji [or
fore arm] to the extremity of the finger. (M,K.)
— S*^ 1 «dso signifies t The bone of what is
termed ^>^jai\ iy$ [i. e. of the heeUcndon of a
man, or of the hock of a beast], (M, K,) which is
a small bone adhering to the v -nA [i. c. to the
anhle or to the hock] : (M, TA :) and [app. more
correctly " or"] the slender part of the ^^jt-
[or/*oc/<] of the horse: (M,»K;,»'tA :) in the
OW>*>* [or two hocks] arc [what are termed]
0^j*\t which are the external extremity of each
hoch. (S.) — Sec also i^JL.

3 • l it

^1 : sec jl^f.

• -

jl^t a subst. [signifying The fecundation of a

imlm-trec] : (S :) or it is an inf. n. : [sec 1 :] or
it signifies a palm-tree whereof the spadix is used

for the jmrjtote offecundution. (Msb.)

• »i *.»
j*l = sec j£a.

• st

jlyl A maker of needles: (T, M,£:) and a

seller thereof: or tlic latter is called f^ftjL of

which J^J is a corruption. (KL.) f The flea.

(K.) am See alsojlv, in art. jl^.

j*\ One who fecundates a palm-tree, or palm-
trees : who dresses, or puts into a good or right or
projrer state, a palm-tree, or palm-trees, or seed-
produce ; (T, TA;) or any work of art; and
hence applied to the fecundater of tho palm-tree.
(Aboo-'AI>d-Er-Riihman, TA.)__J/ W I* t There
is not in it [namely the house (jljJI)'] any one.
(TA from the Expositions of the Fs.)

^»U : sec jJU-

• ••
j*U Tlic place [or case] of the neeaYe. (£.)__

fTho rom7Kc.(L.)__.See also S^l :_and M». =
Also, (T,L,£,) and *j£, (T,L,) and tjjf,
(Msb,) That, (Msb, £,) [namely] what is called

termed) JUJt," thus written with tlic unpointed

C, and without any syll. signs, perhaps a mis-
transcription for j^-, and doubtless meaning the
anthers, or the pollen,] with which palm-trees are
fecundated. (T, L, Msb, £.)

iJjL (Lh,S,M,K;) and *jlL and ♦Ij^'l (M,
K) t Malicious and mischievous misrepresenta-
tion; calumny; or slander; (Lb, S, M, K ;)
and the f marring, or disturbance, of the state of
union or concord or friendship or love between a
people or between two par-ties: (Lh, S, K, TA :)
pi. ^U. (S, M.) You say, J^U^Jt ^L l£i.

y\o^% yt^ti ^ "'»i % [Their internal states, or
qualities, became bad, or evil, or corrupt, and
in consequence calumnies became current among
them]. (A.)

see what follows.

,1.

j^U A dog that has had a needle given him,
to eat, in bread : (S :) and, with 5, applied to n
sheep or goat (»ti) that has eaten a needle in its
fodder, and in whose inside it has stuck fast ; in
consequence of which the animal cats nothing, or,
if it cat,. the eating does it no good. (TA.) It is

said in a trad., j^jIJI ^JlOtfe t>»jjl The believer-
is like the dog that has had a needle given to him,
to eat, in bread. (S.) [Accord, to Ibr D, the
meaning is, that he is generous and incautious, so
that he is easily deceived.] = Also, (T,S,A,)
and 1j&*, (S,) A palm-tree fecundated : (T,S,
A :) and the same, und seed-produce, dressed, or
put into a good or right or proper state. (T, TA.)

The former is tlic meaning in the phrase &Li
»- it, '

»jV^> (T>S,) occurring in a trad., [q. v. voce
• it ,
j^-oU,] i. c. A row of palm-trees [or perhaps a

tall palm-tree] fecundated : or, as some say, this

phrase means a plouglishare properly prepared

for ploughing. (TA.)

1. 0$, aor. ; (S, A, £) and '- , (L,) inf. n.

* ° £ * ''

sji>^\ (S) and ^o^l, (L,) He tied, or bound, the

pastcr-n of his (a camel's) fore leg to his (the
camel's) juafr [or arm], so that his fore leg became
raised from the ground; (S, A, K;) as also
" xjxiG : (S, K:) and accord, to IAar, u iu\ sig-
nifies [simply] tlic act of tying, or binding. (TA.)
= [Also, inf. n. ^^ut, He loosed him, or it : for]
cut also signifies the act of loosing ; syn. i»"

-, (T, TT,) or JL^., (go in a copy of the T,)
[in the L and TA it is said to be " like (what is

i. e. contr. o/'jlA: (IAar, K:) thus bearing two
contr. significations. (TA.)^Also, (K.,) inf. n.
l>»jI, (TA,) He hit, or hurt, his vein called the
^W'f. (K, TA.) { = J*1, (S, L,K,) inf. n. JJl ;
(TA ;) and ,Jyl ; (S, L, K ;) It (the vein called
LjJI) became contracted, (S, L, K,) and strength-
ened the kind legs; (L ;) as also ♦ l^oj'J : (S, L :)

• it'

and ^c^Ij in the hind legs signifies their being
contracted (A,TA) and tense: (TA:) ^0 of
the hind legs of a horse, and -.,:,'■'» [or contrac-
tion] of the vein above mentioned, are qualities
approved ; and the latter is known by means of
the former. (AO, TA^ssaa^l also signifies
The being in a state of rest, or motionless. (IAar,
KOsasAnd The being in a state of motion: (I

[Book I.

Aar.K:) thus, again, having two contr. signifi-
cations. (TA.)

5. c^U He (a camel) had his pattern of hit
fore leg tied, or bound, to hit arm, so that hit
fore leg became raised from the ground. .(S, K.)
You say, ^^ojU I^Jl^ i»A««5 [He contracted him-
self as though he had his leg thus bound], (A,
TA.) — C AjO She (a woman) tat in tke posture
of the Vi^uU* [app. meaning having her shanks

pressed back against her thighs], (TA.)_Sce
■ "{ . . ' «• * ' -i

also yiul, in two places. s= <ueuU : sec &<\>\.

i »-' * it * *i'. * I,

t^ul, or t^ul, or t^'» or ^aj\ : see ^ojU.^

Also, the first, »'. q. Jaj [Time; or a long period
of time ; or a jreriod of time whether- long or short ;

&c] : pi. JLC\. (S, K.)

• -
uo\j\ The cord, or rope, with which the pastern

of a earners fore leg it tied, or bound, to his arm,

so that his fore leg is raised from the ground:

(A?,S,A,K:) pl.^l. (K.) Thcdim.ist^i^'f'.

(S.)__ A certain vein (Jj>*) in the hind leg (AO,

K) of a horse. (AO.)

* at *Z t it

uoy>\, (K,) or Udl v6}j\, (ISh,) A very sn-ifl
horse: (ISh, K.:) as though he bound up his hind
legs by the quickness with which he raised them
when he [ait them down. (ISh.)

u^til : sec ,^«WI'

%'t.
i>U The inner side of the knee (S, A, K) of

any thing : (S :) or tho inner sides of the two
knees arc called j>iLJI tLU : (T, TA :) or any
part upon which a man bends, or folds, his thigh :
or rohat is beneath each thigh, in the prominent
places of the lower parts thereof: or tlic inner
side of each thigh, as far as the belly: and also
the wrist ; the joint of the hand in the fore arm :
(TA:) and in the camel, (K,) [i. c.] in each of
the fore legs of the camel, (T,TA,) the inner side
of the elbow: (T,K,TA :) as also t^| ; (IDrd,
KL ;) or, as in [some of] tlic copies of the S in

* *. '{ !-• • . .. * •**

art. ,_*»*», T »>vl; ["> one copy of the S * ^a>\ ;

and in another, imperfectly written ;] but Borne
write it T^o^t : and one says, a^yl* Sa-\, mean-
ing He put his hands, or arms, Iteneath his knees,
from behind, and then carried him. (TA.) The

* ?' * •**

pi. of t^cyU is t^o^U. (S.)

• A.'

u^yU A camel having the pastern of his fore

leg tied, or bound, to his arm, so that his fore leg
is raised from the ground; (A,*TA;) as also
T cAjUo : (S :) or the latter, having kit fore shank
bound to his arm with the »_*iW'- (K..)ss Hit, or
hurt, in the vein called the ^L't. (TA.)

I— J I ±ja~>yo The crvw: because it hops as
though it were ^oyilt. (I£.)

u**->\~-* '■ see ,_f0^>U : and sec 5. = Also Having
the vein called i^o^t in a tense state. (TA.)

1. Aiaj' i- 1- o^Jb, q. v. : (IAar, Az, Sgh, K :)
said of God. (K.)

5. *M3 He put it (a thing, S, Mgh, Msb)
beneath hit hu\ [or arm-pit] ; (S, Msb, J$. ;) or in

Book I.]

hit J»Jl. (Mgh.) —Hence, (K,) £i ±4*0, the
surname of Thabit the son of Jabir (S, K) El-
Fahmee: (S:) because they assert that the sword
never quitted him: (S:) or because he put be-
neath his arm-pit a quiver of arrows, and took a
bow, or put beneath his arm-pit a knife, and came
to an assembly of Arabs, and smote some of them.
(K.) It is invariable : but if you desire to express

the dual or pi., you say, ip JUjU \)i and Jajb j^l
\jL, or you say UV*£» and ^JM>. (S.) It docs
not admit of the formation of a dim., nor is it
abridged : (S, K :) but some of the Arabs used
to say JkfU [so written with refa], using a single
word, accord, to Sb, as is said in the L. (TA.)
Its rcl. n. is v \J*$- (?,K.) — [Hence also]
k$i O*^ ^^ t Much a one placed such a otic
under hi* protection. (TA.)_Jat?tf also signifies
He put hit Aij, (S,) or garment, (Mgh, K,)
under his right arm, and then threw [a portion
of] it over his left shoulder, (S, Mgh, K,) in

•» • * * f *

pniycr, or in j>\j~-\ ; (Mgh;) as also jJa-il.
(S.) [Sec also jlEyi'.]

LJ\ [The armpit ;] the inner side of the shoulder-
joint: (lSd,K:) or the part beneath the *-U»-
[wliich signifies the arm, upper arm, armpit, and
wing, &c.]: (S, Msb:) also written ▼ Joul ; (Msb,
K ;) which is said to be a dial. var. by some of
the moderns ; but this is strange, on account of
what is said respecting Jjj ; (Msb;) for Sb says
that there arc only two substs. of the measure J»i,
which arc JjI and j*- ; and one epithet, namely
jXj : other instances have been mentioned, but
their transmission from Sb is not established :
(Msb. in art. JjI :) it is also said that there is no
other word like JjI ; but this means, in its origi-
nal form, and does not deny that there arc words
like it by the insertion of a second vowel like the
first, such as this and many other words : (TA :)
[see also Xf\ :] it is fern. ; (Mgh ;) or masc. and
fern. ; (S, Msb;) sometimes the latter; (Lh,K;)
but the making it mow. is more approved : (TA:)
Fr cites, from certain of the Arabs, the phrase,
(S,) aL*\ JJi^i uf±~ ijllt *±j* [And he raised
the whip so that his armpit shone] : (S, Msb :)
the pi. is Ufl. (S,Msb,K.) — [Hence,] Jj-i

l^LOti^ jy*"^' ^*W 1 [H* '"' '*" wc, ' c< an< l occult
particulars of the affairs]. (A, TA [followed by
the words Q>\&} U^Ci J^->> a pleonastic
addition, merely explaining what goes before.])

And SJUJI i»Wl vj-^ t \jH* traversed the

recesses of the desert]. (TA.) — And J^L. L/\ f
t The foot, or bottom, or lowest j>a}-t, (~L,,)ofa
mountain. (TA.) — And J*j JajJ t The place
where the main body of sand ends: (S:) or what
is thin, of sand: (K:) or the lowest part of an
oblong tract of sand collected together and elevated,
where the main body thereof ends, and it becomes

thin. (TA.) And jCiJt XJl t Evil fortune ;

ill luck. (TA.)

JajI : Bee iul.
.* *
S •
^jM [Of, or relating to, the armpit]

1*1 -JjI

"joty The axillary vein. (Golius, on the
authority of Meyd.)

^) i^l Jul) I The sword is beneath my J»jI [or

armpit] : and ^W'i t^^ , -* e ~ ,, * P ut ' or
place, the sword upon my side, and beneath my
±4l- (TA.) And ^>(j\ dijbu*. I put it (namely

the sword, TA) next my J^l. (K,TA.) The
Hudhalec, ($, TA,) El-Mutanakhkhil, describing
water to which he came to drink, (TA,) says,
(S, TA,) accord, to the Deew&n, but some ascribe
the words to Taiibbata-Sharra, (TA,)

+ t , * • - J <-•*'

meaning [I drank of the main body thereof, and
returned from it, and a sharp steel-edged sword
was] beneath my ±j\ : (S, TA :) or, accord, to one
relation, the poctsaid,^i>»jL» t^wW : and accord,
to another, _»jU» «^~afj : Skr says that the last
word of the verse is a contraction of ^^W '■ and

Ibn-Es-Scerafec, that it is originally *iJ»Wi an( ^
if so, it is an epithet. (TA.)

/jloljl : see what next precedes.
iJaJi : sec 5.

1. JJl, aor. ; , (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) which
is the most common form, (Msb,) and - , (S, TS,
Mgh, Msb,) and : , (K,) so in the copies of tlie

K in the place of '- ; (TA ;) and Jj, aor. - ;
(IDnl, Msb, K;) inf. n. JU (S, Mgh, Msb)

and J^l and JjI, (K,) or the first of these is a
simple subst., and the second and third are the
inf. ns. ; (Msb ;) He (a slave) ran away, or fled,
(T, S, Mgh, Msb,) or went away, (K,) from his
master, (T, Msb,) without [being induced to do
m by] fear, or severity of work : (Msb, K :)
thus the signification is restricted in the 'Eyn :
(Msb :) and in this case, the law ordains that the
slave shall be restored ; but if the act arise from
severity of work or from fear, he is not to be
restored : (Lth, TA :) in the Kur xxxvii. 140, it
is said of Jonas, (T, Bd,) because he fled from his
people without the permission of his Lord : (Bd :)
and it is also, tropically, said of a fish : (Mgh :)
or he (a slave) hid kimxelf, and then went away :
(M, K :) as also tJ^O: (M :) or thid signifies,
simply, he hid, or concealed, himself: or he con-
fined, restricted, limited, restrained, or withheld,
himself: (S, K :) or it has both of the last two
significations: (Sgh:) and he abstained from a
thing, as from a sin, or crime. (IAar, EL*.)
A poet says, (S,) namely, 'Amir Ibn-Kaab,
(AZ,) or 'Aman Ibn-Kaab, or, as some say,
(•human, (AA,)

[Kow surely Bahani said, and she did not hide
herself, or did not restrain herself, Thou hast
qrown old, and enjoyment doth not befit thee] :
(S :) or she did not hide herself [or Iter mind],
but said openly: (TA:) or she did not go far

see JjI.

[from the person whom she addressed, or from
the truth] ; so says AZ, taking it from Jljl as
relating to a slave : (TA :) or site did not abstain
from her speech, as from a sin, or crime : (IAar:)
or she did not disdain, or scorn. (TA.) AHat
says that he asked As respecting *JjU, and he
answered that he knew it not. (TA.)

5: see 1, in three places. — C**j9 Slie (a
camel) withheld her milk. (TA.) — iJX\ JyU
[or *^£jl J>jj] He denied, or disachnowledged, the
thing. (K.) One says to a man, " Verily in thee
is such a quality;" and he replies, jjul U I do
not deny, or disachnowledge : and one says, " O
son of such a woman;" and the man replies,
\ij» JjOI U I do not deny, or disachnowledge,

her'. (IF.)
« it

< u

JWJ:

JjT A slave running away, or fleeing, &c. ; a
runaway, or fugitive, slave ; part. n. of JjI ;
(Mgh, Msb,K;) as also * J^l [but in an inten-
sive, or frequentative, scnBe, i. e. who runs away,
or flees, &c, much, or often; and so t JVj'»
occurring in the K, in art. 9-J-0] : (IF, K:)

pi. JU (Mgh, Msb, K) and JJl. (K.)

1. Jv', aor. '- ; (S, M, K ;) and JJl, aor. -' ;

(K;) inf. n. aj'w'l, (S, M, K,) of the former verb,
(S, M, TA,) or, accord, to Sb, ai'VJ, because it
denotes an office, and, if so, of the latter verb,
(TA,) and jJl, (M, K,) "which is of the former
verb, (M,TA,) and iM [like &*];(T;)7/c
(a man, S) was, or became, skilled in the good
management of camels (S, M, K) and of sheep
or goats. (M, K.) ailjl, like <^U£» [in measure],
signifies The management, or tending, (A, K, TA,)
of JU [meaning camels or other beasts], (A,
TA.) You say, ajlj^l J-Li. y* He is good in the
management, or tending, of his JU [or camels,
&c.]. (A, TA.) — Jjl, aor. -: sec 2, second

signification JjNI C-XjI The camels mere

gotten, or acquired, as permanent property. (S,

TA.) JjNI oijl, aor. '-; and C-ij!, aor. -' ;

(K ;) inf. n. [of the former] JjI and [of the
latter] J^Jl; (TA;) The camels became many, or
numerous. (K.)_ Also jV^I <~$, (?, M, K,)
and the like is said of wild animals, (S, M,) or
others, (K,) aor. - and - , inf. n. J^jI (S, M, K)
and JJl; (M, ¥.;) andoiyl; and*c-M3; (M,
K ;) The camels were content, or satisfied, with
green pasture, so as to be in no need of water :
(S, M, K :) the last verb is mentioned by Z, and
he says that it is tropical, and hence J*jI applied
to "a monk." (TA.) — [Hence,] j4jjl J^l
aStJIT ,jk, and * JjU, (S, M,K,) ; The man was
content to abstain from conjugal interconrxe with
hi* wife; syn. \j* lj^.1 ; (M;) themanabst,ii>ud
from conjugal, or carnal, intercourse with his
wife. (S, K, TA.) — [Hence also] j$, (K,)

8

inf. n. jjl, (TA,) J He devoted himself to reli-
gious exercises; or became a devotee; (K, TA;)
as also J^f, like uli, inf. n. Sll/I : or this signifies
he became a monk. fTA.)_ And J^t, aor. ; ,
(Kr, M, K,) inf. n. JJI, (Kr, M,) t He over-
came, and resisted, or withstood; (Kr, M,K;)
as also t j£ (K,) inf. n. jjt ; (TA ;) but the

word commonly known is Jyl. (M, TA.)

Also (K, TA, but in the CK " or") JyNI cJj
signifies The camels were left, to pasture at liberty,
and went ami;/, having with them no pastor:
(K :) or the;/ became, wild, or shy. (K,* TA.)
— And The camels sought by degrees, or step by
step, or bit by bit, after the J^l [q. v.], i. c. the

*

4AA*. of the herbage or pasture. (TA.) And,

inf. n. J^l, The camels remained, or abode, in
the place: (M, K:) or remained, or abode, long
in the pasturage, and in the place. (El-Mohcct,
TA.) — 4JL*» jf\ f i„f. n . J^l, The herbage
became tall, so that the camels were able to feed
upon it. (K.) — 'j^li\ j$, inf. n. J^l, The
trees had green [such, app., as is termed J^l]
growing in its dried parts, mixing therewith,
upon which camels, or the lihe, fatten. (Ibn-
'Abb4d.)w dfl, inf. n. J$\, He assigned to him,
or gave, him, (*) Jj«*-,) past uring camels, or camels
pasturing by themselves. (K.)

2 - JA (8> K,) inf. n. jj§, (K,) Jle took for
himself, got, gained, or acquired, camels ; he ac-
quired them as permanent property. (S, K.)
[Sec also 5.]— He was one whose camels had
become numerous; (T, M, K;) as also t J^T,
(M, K,) inf. n. Jl^J; (TA ;) and » Jyl, aor. - ,
(K,) inf. n. jX (TK.)_'J^t -Jjj The
managing, or taking good care, of camels; (M ;)
and the fattening of them : (M, K :) mentioned
by AHn, on the authority of Aboo-Ziyad El-
Kilal.cc. (M.)«— Sec also" 1.

4 : sec 2.

: sec 1, in two places : __ and see 8. =
>yj J**3 He took for himself, got, gained, or
acquired, camels ; (AZ, T, M, K ;) like C^ ^Ju.
(AZ, T.) [Sec also 2.]

8- J/W <), (S, M, K,) in U.e O ♦ J^J %
(TA,) Jle does not, or will not, keep firmly, or
steadily, to the pasturing of camels,nor tend them
well ; (M, K ;) he does not, or mill not, manage
them, or take care of them, in such manner as to
put them in good condition : (As, A'Obcyd, T,
S :) or it signifies, (M, K,) or signifies also, (S,)
he does not, or will not, keep firmly, or steadily,
upon them when riding them ; (T, S, M, K,
TA ;) used in this sense by a man excusing him-
self for not putting on a camel his aged father
who was walking. (T.)

JJl : sec J^l : — and Jyl.

(Fr, M, Kp as also * jS\, (M, K,) similar to
j+ti and &<), (Ham p. 714,) but this is disap-
proved by Fr; (TA;) and t jfy (S, M, O.)
with fet-h to the ^>, (S, O,) because several
kesrehs together are deemed uncouth ; (O ;) in

the K, erroneously, t^t, with two fet-hahs ;

2
(TA ;) and t^| a lso, (M, K,) with two kesrehs.

(K.)^J^I jt*i A fleshy he-camel. (Ibn-
'Abbad, K.) — iLt aiU A she-camel blessed,
prospered, or made to have increase, in respect
"J 'offspring. (Ibn-'Abbad, K.) In one place in
the K, jjyi '<y> is put for jJ^JI ^j. (TA.)

J^f : sec itf.

Ji\ Skilled in the good management of camels
(S, M, K) and of sliecp or gouts; (M, K;) as
also t J^f: (S, M, K:) and JySW J*t, and in

• '•• i \ * * "

poetry " J^l, skilled in the management, or care,

if camels. (T.)_A man possessing camels;

Jj\ [mentioned in two places in the latter part
of the first paragraph,] The alio- of herbage,
(K,) i. c, of dry herbage; [app : meaning what
grows in the season called oua)I, or summer,
among herbage that has dried up;] growing after
a year; upon which camels, or the like, fatten.
(TA.)

S>\, (T, S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) said by Sb to be

the only subst. of this form except j^m., and to

have none like it among epithets except Jjb ; for

though other instances arc mentioned, they are

not of established authority; (Msb;) but IJ

mentions, with these, JL». and JJjI [which may

bo of established authority]; (TA;) [and to these

may be added lul and jjI, and perhaps -X and

• • t" ,

^Jai. ; respecting which see jul ;] and for JjI

one says also * J£l, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) sometimes,
by way of contraction ; (S, Msb ;) or this may be
a dial. var. of the former; (Kr, MF ;) [Camels:
and a herd of camels : or] at the least, applied to
a 2*0^0 ; i. e. a numbm- [of camels] more than a
Aji [which is at least nine,] up to thirty ; after
which is the < i.» fc , i. e. forty and upwards ; and
then, S^tiM, which is a hundred of JjI : (T :) or,
accord, to Ibn-'Abbad, a hundred of JjI: (TA:)
it is a quasi-pl. n. ; (Az, S, ISd, Z, O, Msb, &c.;)
a word having no proper sing. ; (S, M, 6, Msb;)
and is of the fern, gender, because the quasi-pl. n.
that has no proper sing, is necessarily fcm. (S, O,
Msb) when not applied to human beings, (S, O,)
or when applied to irrational beings', (Msb,) and
has S added in the dim.; (S, Msb;) the dim. of
Jyl being TiXol: (S, Msb, K. :) it is said in die
K that it is a sing, applied to a pi. number, and
is not a pi., nor a quasi-pl. n. ; but in this asser-
tion together with the saying that the dim. is as
above is a kind of contradiction ; for if it be a
sing., and not a quasi-pl. n., what is the reason
of its being fcm.? (TA:) the pi. is jtf (S, M,
Msb, K) and J&\ [like Xtf pi. of Jle, q. v.] ;
(Msb, TA ;) the pi. meaning herds [of camels] ;
and in like manner >»Uil and jU^t mean flocks
of sheep or goats and herds of bulls or cows :
(Msb, TA:) and the dual, 0^'» means two
herds [if camels], (Sb, T, S, M^ M'sb,) each with
its pastor; (T;) like as oC^ means two flocks
of sheep or goats : (S:) or, accord, to Ibn-'Abbad,
the dual means two hundreds of JA. XTA.)_
jj^A^JI J/}M [The smaller camels] is an appclla-

[Book I.

tion applied to sheep ; because they cat more than
goats. (IAarin TAart. .kj-9.)_Itis8aid in the
Kur [lxxxviii. 17], JL£» J^\ J\ Oj^lL' !*il
CJLU., meaning, accord, to 'Aboo-Amr Ibn-El-
'Ala, (T, TA,) t[Will they not then consider]
the clouds that bear the water for rain, [how they
are created?] (T, K, TA:) but accord, to him
who reads J^\, the meaning is, tke camels. (T,
TA.)

ii^l A blight, blast, taint, or the like: (T, K:)
thus written by IAtli, agreeably with the authority
of Aboo-Moosa; (TA ;) occurring in a trad., in
which it is said that one should not sell dates
until he is secure from Ub^l ; (T, TA;) but
accord, to a commentary on the Nh, it is correctly
written *ii^l [q. v.] (TA.)

4^1 Knmity; hostility. (Kr, M, K.)

5JjI Jhnrholesomcness and heaviness of food ;
(S, M, K ;) originally aA^j, like as o*.l is origi-
nally JU-j ; (S ;) as also * Jjf. (K.) It is said
in a trad, that this departs from every projierty
for which the poor-rate has been |>aid. (S, M.)
—. See also iXf\. __^» evil quality of herbage or

inwturo. (AHn, TA ia art. j±j.) 1 cause.

of harm or injury; evil; mischief. (TA.)

A consequence of an netion, or « claim which
one seeks to obtain for an injury ; and a cause
of blame or dispraise : having these meanings in
the saying, *«ij| ^ c4-ji» Jii jli ^J*i ,j\
[If thou do that, thou tcUt escape from its con-
sequence, &c.]. (T.) — A fault, vice, or tke like.
(Aboo-Malik, T.) So in the saying, ^» jJLUU
il^l jr»*5)t IJjb [77ie»-c M not to be charged against
thee, in this affair, any fault, &c.]. (T.)^yl
crime; a sin; an unlawful action. (K.)__

Rancour, malevolence, mulice, or spite. (113.)
I -t « t ' J

^jl*>\ : sec JjI.

i 't * I

^X>\ : sec J^l.

T *

^^1, with fet-h to the w», because several
kesrehs together are deemed uncouth, Of or
relating to, camels. (S.) _ See also J^t.

S, .<

^1 : sec Jvl.

• <

Jti} t A Christian monk ; (S, M, Msb, K ;)

so called because of his abstaining («JU3) from
women : (TA :) or the chief monk : (T :') or «
derotee : (TA :) or an olil man, or eliler : (M :)
or the chief, or head-man, of the Christians: (M,
K :) or the man who culls them, to prayer by
means of the ^y U ; (A Hcyth, M,» K ;) the
beater of the ^y U : (IDrd:) as also *^j£l,
(M and K, but according to the M as meaning
" a monk,") which is either a foreign word, or
enraged by the relative ^, or of the same class
as JaLfcl [in which the first letter as well as th
second is augmentative], for Sb says that there is
not in the language an instance of the measure
wW 5 (M ;) and *^'f, and J^l>, and t^f f
and *Jrtl, (K,) which last is disallowed bySb

for the reason stated above; (TA;) and *J^I
... •"« , * S, .« ^^ '

like ,^1 ; and ? ,^1 ; (K ;) the last with fct-h

to the hemzeh, and kesr to the ^>, and with the

Book I.]

s -*

[first] ij quiescent; or <j Lj\ [app. a mistranscrip-
tion for^jJLjl] is used by poetic licence for t/JL^I,
like J# for Jyi: (TA:) pi. jtf (M, £) and

^jjHf or Jyt, [accord, to different copies of the
K>] w 'tl> damm [which indicates that the former
ii meant, though it is irregular]. (K.) By
O^tt*)* J**' is meant 'Eesd [or Je«/*], (S, £,)
(A* Messiah. (S.)_Tn the Syriac language it
signifies Mourning, or sorrowing. (K.) ass Also
-I jsrrtjf, or rft'cA. (M, K.) See also IjU.

ill^l : see the next paragraph.

SU : see J^>l. = Also A bundle of firewood;
(T, S, Msb;) and so *ajfy: (T, S:) or o <7»-ea<
bundle of firewood; and so "<Ul/l and aJl> (K)
and " iJV : (Bd in cv. 3 ; but there explained
only as signifying a great bundle :) or a bundle
of dry herbage; (M, TA;) and so *«$ (£)
and t jj and * iij (M, K) and * SiQ\, ($, [in

the C]£ 4JL0I,]) with on* of the two ^s changed
into ^j, and mentioned by Az, but it is said in the
S and O that this is not allowable, because this
change may not be made in a word of the measure
aJlaj, with S, but only in one without », as in
the cases of jLjj and )o\j£ ; (TA ;) and il&j
signifies the same, (!£,) belonging to art. Jyj.
(TA.) Hence the prov., (S, TA,) ^J* ^Ju
3i(/\ t and *»&, (S, K, &c.,) but the former is the
more common, and *i)l~>t, which is nllowed by
Az but disallowed by J ; (TA ;) [lit. A handful
of herbage, or the like, vptm a bundle, or great
bundle, of firewood, or a bundle of dry herbage;]
meaning t a trial, or trying treat, upon another
(S, O, K) that had happened before : (S, O :)
or plenty (^....ai.) upon plenty ; as though bearing
two contr. significations. (K.)
aLjI : sec a)U.

I&tdimof J^l, q. v. (S, Msb, K.)

3 1 • 1

^jiuvt : see J^l.

J^y : see J^l.

Jijl A pastor of camels, (M, K, TA,) who

manages them, or takes care of them, well.

(TA.)
• a
JV1 : see the next paragraph.

J#\, (T, 8, M, Msb, £,) like JJ4*. (S,

Msb, ^C, [in the Cl£, erroneously, J>^*,]) A
separate, or distinct, portion of a number of birds,
and of horses, and of camels, (M, K,) and of such
following one another; (£;) as also ♦ J<jJ, and
tftjj, (M,$,) and *5iW1,andtJ£t: ($:) or
it signifies a bird separating itself from the row
of other birds; (T, TA;) accord, to IAar.
(TA.) It is said to be the sing, of * Je/jf : (T,
8, M, and Jel in cv. 3 :) Ks says, I used to
hear the grammarians say that this latter has for
its sing. Jyf\, like Jy^s., of which the pi. is
Jt*V»: (Mfb:) or its sing, is tjjt; (§,
Msb;) but he who says this adds, I have not
found the Arabs to know a sing, to it : (8 :) or
each of these is its sing. ; (M, Jel ;) and so is
Bk. I.

♦ JCj : (Jel :) or its sing, is t»Cl f (Bd in cv. 3,
and Msb,) originally signifying " a great bundle:"
(Bd :) it is said that this seems to be its sing. ;
and so * iJb! : or the sing, may be ♦ ilLjl , like as
jUjj is sing of j&Oi'. (T:) or it has no sing.,
(T, S, M, Bd, Msb, K,) accord, to Fr (T, Msb)
and Akh (S) and AO, (T, M,) like i^Ui (Fr,
T, Bd) and JljjU. (AO, M, Bd.) j*U
signifies, accord, to some, A company in a state
of dispersion : (M :) or dispersed companies, one
following another : (Msb :) or distinct, or sepa-
rate, companies, (Akh, S, Msb, K,) like leaning
camels : (Msb :) or companies in a state of dis-
persion. (AO, Msb.) One says, jiX/\ Oil*.

,J*^I Thy camels came in distinct, or separate,

j ~( it,
companies. (Akh, S.) And J^W >J» [in the

KLur cv. 3 means Birds in distinct, or separate,
flocks or bevies] : (Akh, S :) [or] birds in com-
panies from this and that quarter : or following
one another, flock after flock : (Zj, T:) or f birds
in companies; (Bd, Jel;) likened to great
bundles, in respect of their compactness. (Bd.)
[Respecting these birds, Fei, in the Msb, quotes
many fanciful descriptions, which I omit, as
absurd.]

* ■ '"

J^l : see ,M in two places.

iJl^l : sec JjjA*

i)bt : see SJbl, in three places : and Jy[, in

two places.

J^t More, and most, skilled in the good manage-
ment of camels. (S, M, K, TA.) Hence the
prov., ^3u»JI Jy > £y» ^\ [More skilled &c.
tlian Honeyf-el-Jlandtim]. (TA.) And the
phrase, ^Ul J^l ^>* y> [lie t* of the most
skilled &c. of men]. (S, M, I£.) Mentioned by
Sb, who says that there is no verb corresponding
to it. (M.) [But see 1, first signification.]

t '* •

Jtft: see Jvl, in two places JjI^I JJ, (S,

M, K,) and J^l, and Jl^l, (M,) [all pis. of JJT or
ii^\,] and v **£*, (M,) Many, or numerous,
camels : (S, M, K :) or this, [app. meaning the
last,] as some say, put in distinct herds; (M;)
and so J Wl: (TA:) or gotten, gained, or acquired,
for permanent possession: (M:) this last is the
meaning of the last of the epithets above. (S,
K) — Jb', applied to a camel, also signifies
Content, or satisfied, with green pasture, so as to
be in no need of water: pi. jQl : (S, K :) and so
luUi, applied to she-camels, (T,* TA,) and to wild

animals. (S in art. ,Jj.) And 4JL1I JjJ Camels

seeking by degrees, or step by step, or bit by bit,
after the Jj\ [q. v.], i. e. the iili. of the herbage

or pasture. (TA.) — And Jjl J^l Camels left
to themselves, (S, M, 1£, TA,) without a pastor.
(TA.)

J-jI and J-^l : see J^l.

I <ts s j.i a »« « c

LJ l^l and LJ X^I and ^^1 : see J4/I.

* - fli

Jlrtl : see J^.1.

ai^J : see <Ul^J, in two places :^ and see Jyl.

aXjIc ijoj\ A land having camels. (S, K.)
•1^* J^ = see Jjl.

1. <UjI, aor. - and ; , inf. n. ^j->t, //< made him
an object of impt'tation, or suspected him : and
he found fault with him, or blamed him : (M :)
or he cast afoul, or an evil, imputation upon him.
(IAar, T.) You say, ^ 2ft (S, ?,) or £4,
(as in one copy of the S,) or ^ij r^->, (Ln, M,)
aor. as above, (Lh, S, M, K,) and so the inf. n.,
(Lh, M,) lie made him an object of imputation,
or suspected him, (Lh, S, M, K,) of a thing, (S,
K,) or of evil, (S, accord, to one copy,) or of good,
and evil: (Lh, M :) and *4LJl signifies the same.
(M.) And jeti-t ' OHtyi O'**». 0r J^> Such a
one is made an object of imputation, or suspected,
of good, or of evil: (AA,* Lh, T [as in the TT ;
but perhaps ^j^t is a mistranscription for <j->yt ;
for it is immediately added, O^ 1 - 8 >v^ : ]) when,
however, you say ^^j [i. e. ^yi or ▼ sJi^i]
alone, it relates to evil only. (AA, T. [But

see 2.]) And lj& ^yj ^^, or ♦ i#yt, Such a
one is evil spoken of by the imputation of such
a thing. (S, accord, to different copies.) And
it is said respecting the assembly of the Prophet,
j>j>33J\ *e* » Ljtyi *), (T, and so in a copy of the

1 *»3

S,) or ,>£• ^), (so in some copies of the S,) i. e.
Women (T) shall not be mentioned in an evil
manner therein : (T, S :) or sliall not have evil
imputations cast upon them, nor be found fault
with, nor shall that which is foul be said of them,
nor that which ought not, of things whereof one
should be ashamed. (IAar, T.) _ Also, and

t i#, (M, ¥.,) inf. n. J^tf , (K,) He. found fault
with him, or blamed him, to his face; (M, !£;)
and he upbraided him, or reproached him. (M.)

2. ,^1 o?, (AZ, S,) inf. n. ^J\S, (K,) He
watcfied, or observed, the thing; or he expected it,

or waited for it. (AZ, S, K.) jj*$1 ^\, (M,)

inf. n. as above, (As, T, S, J£,) He followed the
traces, or footprints, or footsteps, (As, T, S, M,
K,) of a thing ; (As, S, JC ;) as also ♦ »^U.
(K.) And hence the next signification. (As,
T.)=s» jljjl J?\, (S, M,) inf. n. as above, (Sh,
T, S, If,) He praised the man, or spoke well
of him, (Sh, Th, T, 8, M, £,) after his death,
(Th, S, M, K,) or m death and in life, (Sh," T,)
used in poetry to signify praise of the living ;
(M ;) and wept for him : (S :) he praised him ;
and enumerated, or recounted, his good qualities
or actions: you say, ^^ ^1^1 £& j*J)
^£=>\jf [He ceased not to eulogize your living
and to praise your dead] : (Z, TA :) for he who
praises the dead traces his [good] deeds. (As,
T.)_ See also 1, in six places.

5: see 2.

^U see art. ^.

iol A knot in wood, or in a branch ; (8, M,
^ ;) or tn o staff, or stick ; (T ;) and in a bow,
(TA,) [i. e.] the place of the shooting forth of a
branch in a bow, (M,) which is a fault therein ;
(TA ;) and tn a rope, or cord : (M in art. JJl :)

2

10

• 4

pi. ^1. (T, S.) Hence, (M,) J A fault,

defect, or blemish, (T, M, 5, TA,) in one's
grounds of pretension to respect, (T, TA,) and in

speech, or language. (M, TA.) t Particularly

Tho enormity that it committed with one who is

termed C>yP-*- (TA.) _ And J Rancour, male-
volence, malice, or spite : (K, TA :) and enmity :

pi. as above. (TA.) You say, ^1 j^f J (S,

TA) Between them are enmities. (S.) Also

The [part called] 4« rJfc [meaning the epiglottis]
of a camel. (M, K.)

i^t : sec art. ^Vn.

O^J Tho time of a thing ; (T, S, M, K, and
MnI) in art. wj! ;) the season of a thing; (Msb in
that art. ;) the time of the preparing, or making
ready, of a tiling; (Mgh in that art.;) as, for
instance, of fruit, (S, Mgh, Msb,) of the fresh ripe
dates, and of the gathering of fruits, and of heat
or cold : (TO or the first of a thing. (M, K.)
You say, «Mdg t x j£i\ Jui-I lie took the thing in
it* time : or in, or with, the first thereof. (M.)
The & is radical, so that it is of the measure JU* ;
or, as some say, augmentative, so that it is of the
measure tfjJti. (TA.) [See art. ^1.]

CHy* occurs as meaning Dead, or dying ; i. e.,

[pro|)crIy,] wept for. (S.) [See 2.]

• »■ *

O&* A praiser of the dead; because he traces

his [good] deeds. (As, T.)

• *t,

\jyS° Made an object of imputation, or sus-
pected, of evil : thus when used alone : otherwise
you add m^ [of good], and ^ [of evil]. (M,
K .) — Hence, [A catamite;] one with whom

enormous wickedness is committed; (TA ;) *'. a.

* a- * * >>, ' *

w - ^. - ». (Idem, voce JL>y+).) Also One who

is imprisoned; because suspected of a foul fault,

or crime. (T.)

tr-yl) accord, to the Msb ; or ^j-^i, accord, to
theTA.

^y~>\, with medd to the I and kesr to the «_>,
(TA,) or with damm to the ^>, [i. e. vy*(\, and
by some written ^y^,] or with the ^> quiescent,
[i. e. ^.^y^l,] and without s , [app. tm pm^\,] (Msb,)
[Ebony;] a thing well known, which is brought
from India : an arabicized word : (Msb [in
which is added the proper Arabic appellation;
but the word in my copy of that work is imper-
fectly written ; app. jta*. ; which, however, does
not seem to be the word intended:]) some say
that it is the same as >r -L« : others, that it is
different therefrom : and respecting the measure
of the word, authors differ. (TA.)

*l

1. iii»,(JK,K,)and*/; (K;) and I,*; aor.

[of both] i& ; inf. n. I}', (JK, K,) of the former,

% *i
(TA,) and »y\, [also of the former,] (JK,) and

Ijl, (JK, K,) which is of the latter; (TA;) He
knew it ; or understood it ; or knew it, or under-
stood it, instinctively : or he recognised it readily ;
knew it, or understood it, readily, after he had

forgotten it. (K.) You say, it <cJ^\ U, (AZ,

JK,S,Mgh.) aor. *JT, inf. n. *Ji; (AZ,S;) and

*i c-y^l U, (JK, S,) aor. as above, inf. n. *y\ ;

(S ;) I did not know it, or understand it ; or did

not know of it ; was not cognizant of it : (JK,

Mgh :) or I did not have my attention roused to

it after I had forgotten it : (AZ, S :) the former

i *** * * *

is like C-vO ; (Mgh ;) and the latter, like [o*^

and] J^. (S.) It '*\% •} (Mgh,K,TA) He

will not be cared for, minded, or regarded, be-
cause of his lowness of condition, or abjectness.

' Z. *'**t

(Mgh, TA.) I JSL> *Zyf\ I imputed to him, or

suspected him of, such a thing. (JK, K, TA.)

2. <Cyjl, inf. n. AjjU, I roused his attention :
and I made him to know, or understand. (Kr,

K.) The two meanings are nearly alike. (TA.)

. *****
And " <L^il I made him to know ; mformed, ap-
prized, advertised, or advised, him ; gave him
information, intelligence, notice, or advice. (IB.)

4 : see 2.

5. a/0 He magnified himself ; behaved pi-oudly,
or haughtily. (JK,S,K.) You say, J^yJI '*&
O^* ^fi* The man magnified himself against
such a one, and held himself above him. (JK,*
TA.) And I Jj> i>« <oU He shunned, avoided, or
kept himself far from, such a thing ; (JK, Z, K ;)
he was disdainful of it, he disdained it, or held
himself above it. (Z, K.)

,*ai

i^l Greatness, or majesty ; (JK, S, K ;) a

quality inspiring reverence or veneration ; (TA ;)

goodliness and splendour; (K;) and goodliness

of aspect : (TA :) and pride, self-magnification,

or haughtiness. (JK,* S,* K.)

1. c£f, [third pers. $,] (T,S, M,K,) and
C-^l, [third pers. ^1,] (T, M, K,) the latter ac-
cord, to Yz, (T,) aor. £\, (TK,) inf. n. l#\, (Yz,
T, S, Msb,) or this is a simple subst., (M,) I be-
came a father. (T,» S,* M, K.):=i£{, (ISk, T,
M,K,) aor. ',#\, (IAar, ISk, T,) inf. n. Ijfr,
(M,K1,) / was, (IAar, ISk, T,) or became, (M,

K,) a father to him. (IAar, ISk, T, M, K.)

[Hence, I fed him, or nourished him ; and reared

him, or brought him up.] You say, \j*yC ^yjj
^m£)1, inf. n. SjW» Such a one feeds, or nourishes,
this orphan, like as the father does Aw children.

(Lth, T.) And iyt v' *> li (ISk, T, S) ife Ao«
nor a fattier to feed him, or nourish him, and to
rear Aim, or bring him up. (S.)

2. awI, inf. n. ioU, / <ata <o Aim i-jU [mean-
# x * » - •** -

ing ^L> Oo jj May est thou be ransomed with my

father! or the like: see ^jt, below], (K, TA.
[In the CK, erroneously, ^1 U.])

5. »<vU /Zc adopted him as a fatlier ; (M, K,
TA ;) as also * obU-l ; (M in art. ^>l ;) and so

9% tit

WJ »WO, accord, to A'Obeyd : (T A :) [or,] accord.

to A'Obeyd, you say, l/l C>^I3 I adopted a father :

(T :) and you say also, l/t w>Uwl and L>1 ^yUwl

A« adopted a father. (TA.)

10 : see 5.
• i »^»

w>l is originally y\, (S, Msb, K,) as is shown

by the first of its dual forms and of its pi. forms
mentioned below; (S, Msb;) and signifies A
father [in the ordinary sense : and also as mean-

[Book I.

ing f an ancestor] : (M :) as also T tjl, a dial, var.,
(M, K,) the same in the nom. and accus. and gen.

00 It

cases, like US : (M :) and w>l is a dial. var. of the
same, [the second letter being doubled to com-
pensate for the j suppressed, as is the case in —I,

(TA voce •»!,)] but is rare. (Msb.) Accord, to
the dial, commonly obtaining, when you use it as
a prefixed noun, you decline it with the letters %
and t and ^£, saying, »y\ I jjk [This is his father],
(Msb,) and S)#\ [thy father] ; (M ;) and »ljlc4lj
[I saw his father]; and 4-jb Ojj-o [I passed by
his father] : (Msb :) but accord, to one dial.,

« rt # I * *l

you say, »l^l IJjk, (Msb,) and iHfl; (M;) and
ol^l Oolj ; and »l^V ^jj* : (Msb :) and accord,
to one dial., which is the rarest of all, it is defec-
tive in every case, like ju and >.> ; (Msb ;) and
[thus] you say, JX^I IJjL [&c.]. (M.) The dual is
^jWyl, (S, M, Msb,) meaning [two fathers, and]

father and mother; and some say ^\ : (S, M :)

* "t » j "^

you say, »l^l Ua, meaning 2'A«y two are his

father and mother; and in poetry you may say,

*i"f i" • i-i •'* "' "'

obi U>; and in like manner, <^j I Ootj [/«» Aw

father and mother], (T,) and jL/I [thy father
and mother] ; (S ;) but the usual, or chaste, form

is a^I J^>\j. (T.) The pi. is iLi'\, (T, S, M, Msb,

K,) the best form, (T,) and ±>y\, (T, S, M, K,)

and y\, (M, K, [in the CK y*)\ is erroneously

put for *%]) and 5^1, (Lh, T, S, M, K,») like

i^c and ajj|*. : (T, S :) you say, ^L#\ ,S(V»,

• 9 * *-

meaning ^£>5W' [These are your fathers] ; (T ;)
and hence, in the Kur [ii. 127], accord, to one
reading, J^- .1 y Je**-^ J*e*ji\ ^ei} *JJ j [And
the God of thy fathers, Abraham and Ishmael
and Isaac], meaning the pi. of ^il, i. e. <iii^t, of
which the >j is suppressed because the noun is
prefixed [to the pronoun] ; (S ;) and some of the

Arabs say, f ^l jtj£s>\ U3^>l [Our fathers are the
most generous of fathers], (T.) The dim. is ♦ Jl ;
originally j^fi, with die final radical letter restored.
(Msb.) — ^»l yj* ti ijjj*i U, and ^>\ U, mean-
ing He knows not who is his father, and roAar w
Aw father, are sayings mentioned by Lh on tlie
authority of Ks. (M.) — M $ ^, (T,S,M,K,
ice.,) [accord, to the dial, of him who says 1/ in-
stead of ^>\,] as also JJU ^»\ ^,and Jl^l ^, (S,K,)
[the last, accord, to J, because the J (meaning
the J in ill] in the preceding phrases) is as though
it were redundant, but he seems not to have
known the dial. var. t^l, and I rather think that
ii<i\ •) is for JW1 Itlf ^i/l % or the like,] and
itf ^, (Mbr,Sgh,K,) and JU ^, (K,) which
is for iU ^>l *^, (M,) means Thou art, in my esti-
mation, one deserving of its being said to him,
Mayest thou have no father! it is used in the
manner of a proverb, is of frequent occurrence in
poetry, (M,) is said to him who has a father and
to him who has not a father, and is an impreca-
tion as to the meaning, of necessity, though enun-
ciative as to the letter; (M,K;) and hence the
saying of Jcreer,

J *' 't * ml ********

I

[0 Teym, Teym of Adee, may ye have no

Book I.]

father !] ; which is the strongest evidence of its
l>cing a proverb, and not having a literal meaning;
for all of [the tribe of] Teym could not have one
father, but all of them were fit objects of impreca-
tion and rough speech : (M :) it is an expression
of praise : (S :) [i. c.] it is an imprecation against
him to whom it is addressed, not, however., said
with die desire of its having effect, but on an

occasion of intense love, like JU j>\ *), &c. : (liar
p. 165:) and sometimes in dispraise, like Jlija ^):
and in wonder, like j)jj A) : (TA :) or, as A
Heyth says, on the authority of Aboo-Sa'ecd Ed-
Darecr, it expresses tlic utmost degree of reviling;
[meaning Thou hast no known father;] and

JU >>l *j expresses reviling also, but means Thou
hast no free, or ingenuous, mother : (Mcyd in

liar p. 1G5 : [see j*\ :]) sometimes it means
Strive, or exert thyself, in thine affair; for he
who hiis a father relics upon him in some circum-
stances of his csise : (TA :) accord, to Kb, it means
Thou hast none to stantl thee in stead of thyself:
(ISh, TA :) Fr says that it is a phrase used by
the Arabs [parenthetically, i. o.,] to divide their
speech : (TA :) [thus, for instance,] Zufur Ibn-
El-Hurilh says,

"» * ** <5 *•■*>■' * r a * *~t

W3U3 "ill >\& ^ v^-J' tJTj'

[Shorn thou me my weapons : (may est thou hare
no father ! or thou hast, no father : &c. :) verily
I see the. mar, or battle, increases not sore in per-
severance]. (TA.) [ A1mk>-' Alee, as cited in the M,
observes that the I (meaning the final I) in bl, in
the phrase jJO Gl "^, indicates that it is a prefixed
noun, and determinate; whereas the J in iU
together with the government exercised upon the
noun by *j indicates that it is, on the contrary,
indeterminate, and separate from what follows it:
but it seems that he was unacquainted with the

dial. var. U ; for Jii W' N in the dial, of him who

" . • '

uses the form bl instead of wjI is the same gram-
matically as JJ w .l •*} in the dial, of him who uses
die form «_jI.] Suleyman Ibn-'Abd-El-Melik
heard an Arab of the desert, in a year of drought,

»* Jt * * * » -0 - - a 6 i

say, .iW bl *v) w^JOt UJLfr JjjI, and Suleyman put
the best construction upon it, [as though it meant,
Send down upon un-rain : Thou hast no father],
and said, 1 testify that lie hath no father nor
female companion nor offspring. (TA.) They say
also, in paying honour [to a person], JUjLJ ^jI *^,
and .skjiij M "j, (TA,) i. c. May thy hater have

no father! or, accord, to ISk, each is a meto-

** *% * *

nymical expression for Jii W' *^. (S in art. Ui,

q. v.) One also says, on the occasion of an

occurrence that is approved and commended, by

way of expressing wonder and praise, i)yt <ui,

meaning To Ood, purely, is attributable [the

excellence of] thy father, seeing that he begat thee

a generous ton, and produced the like of thee !

(TA ;) [or to God be attributed (the excellence

of) thy father!] it means that to God [alone]

belongs the power to create the like of this man

[to whom it relates], from whom has proceeded

this wonderful action. (Har p. 44.) __ And
* t » * * *

W' ^Smt ^5*1 meaning She resemble* her fal/ier

in strength of mind, or sjririt, and sharpness of
disposition, and in hastening, or striving to be
first, to do things : said of Hafsah, by 'Aisheh.
(TA.) — fJt, (TA,) or iJl ^l, (T in art. W,)

[said to a person,] means [,_yW w-i<>» Mayest
thou be ransomed with my father I (see the next
sentence but one ;) or] ^W «iWj>»l [I will ran-
som thee with my father] ; (T ubi supra ;) or

I i ** * tt
. wW iCja* C-il Thou art, or shall be, ransomed
*■*' - * t * j> * * ,

with my father]; or ,^W «ik-!J>» [I have in my

heart ransomed thee, or / would ransom thee, with
my father] ; the ^> being dependent upon a word
suppressed, which, accord, to some, is a [pass,
participial] noun, and accord, to others, a verb ;
and this word is suppressed because of the fre-
quent usage of the phrase. (TA.) You say also,

ie»\} wJl iy»W [With my fat Iter mayest thou be
ransomed, and with my mother!]. (TA.) And

ii ,* * * I ji ** • <■ « ' 'i r tr

Ac whom 1 love be ransomed with my father !],
meaning may he [my father] be made a ransom
for him [whom I love] ! (El-Wahidcc on the
Deewan of El-Mutanebbcc, in De Sacy's Chrcst.
Arabe, sec. ed. vol. iii. p. 35 of the Arabic text.)
Sometimes they change the \£ into I : a poet
says,

* ** * J • *t ******

[And they have asserted that I have become im-
patient on account of them two : but is it an evi-
dence of impatience that I said, Alas, with my
father may they two be ransomed?]; meaning

loJk ^g/if \j. (S.) And some of the Arabs used to

/ it i *
say, c~il WW '^ [Alas, with my father "mayest thou

be runsomed!] : this, says AM, being like ULj W

for ij^ii W ; aB a ' so W«V W> w 'th the hemzch

'-' ' . f -

changed into ^j, originally WW W> meaning ^W W :

and hence what is related, in a trad., of Umm-

'Ateeych ; that she used not to mention the Pro-

* * * j t

phet without saying, U-j [for •* iwW]- (TA in

art. W-) A woman said,

*. * * * * ** * tt t *

* v^*" iy vu **»' lj?V ** *

[O thou to whom I would say, With my father
mayest thou be ransomed ! and thou who art
above him to whom I would address the saying,
With my father mayest thou be ransomed !] ; re-
specting which Fr observes that the two words
[w> and w>l] are made as one [by prefixing the
article] because of their frequent occurrence ; (S ;)
and A boo-' Alee says that the ^£ in ^**~i is substi-
tuted for », not necessarily; but ISk quotes the
words as commencing with U*/ C, which is the
right reading, in order that this expression may
agree with «_-4JI, which is derived from it: Et-
Tebreezee, however, relates Abu-1-' Ala's reciting
the words as ending with ***Z*}\ ; saying that this
is compounded from the phrase '.yC, and that
therefore the ■ is preserved. (TA.) [See also the

first paragraph in art. WO — You say also, wyl W

' *$ *
[meaning O my father], (S, M, K,) as in «iyl W

Jj«il [0 my father, do thou such a thing] ; (S;)

11

and c^l W J (S,M,£;) and JL$ W ; (Z in the
Ksh xii. 4 ;) and <wj W (§, M, ^1) when you pause
after it (S, M.) The », [here written O,] (Kh,
M,) the sign of the fem. gender, (S, Z,) is substi-
tuted for the [pronominal] affix ^j, (Kh, S, M, Z,)

ft * *i*

aB in C~*t W 5 (? a "d is like the i in A*c and
****** . . ,

<UU., as is shown by your saying, in pausing,

aj\ b> like as you say, *)U- C : (^". M :)

the annexing of the fem. O to a masc. noun

f ***** *

in this case is allowable, like as it is in j&b i»U»-
* * * * * % * * ** * j * * * ** * * »

and j£-> j »Ur and ijuj J*j and ajUj >>"^c : its

being made a substitute for the affix ^j is allow-
able because each of these is an augmentative

added at the end of a noun : and the kesreh is the

i *
same that is in the phrase .wl W : (Z ubi supra :)

the <Sf does not fall from ^jI in the phrase wyl b
when there is no pause after it, though it [some-
times] does from j*\ in the like phrase in that
case, because the former word, being of [only]
two letters, is as though it were defective. (S.)
Ool W is for ȣ>! C> ( Aboo-'Othman El-Mazince,
S,* M, [the latter expression mentioned also in
the K, but not as being the original of the former,])

the I [and »] being suppressed ; (the same Aboo-

**t *
'Othman and M;) or for U*l Wi "• • "cing BU P-

prcssed, like as tlie ^ is in jt^k W ; or ' l mav be

after the manner of ^\ W- (Z ubi supra.) O^l W

is thus pronounced after the usual manner of a

noun ending with tlie fem. S, without regard to

tlie fact that die Ct is in die former a substitute

for the suffix ^j. (Z ubi supra.) <u\ b is said in a

case of pause, except in the Kur-an, in winch, in

this case, you say, w^l W> following the written

text ; and some of the Arabs pronounce the fem. »,

in a case of pause, O [in other instances], thus

saying, C-*..U> W- (?.) »Wt W ' 8 "l 80 **'«! > (M,
K;) though scarcely ever. (M.) A poet uses the

expi-cssion C»W» W> f° T »^r' W : (§» M :) IB says
that this is used only by poetic license, in a case
of necessity in verse. (TA^—^ 1 is tropically
applied to signify I A grandfather, or any ances-
tor. (Msb.)__It is also applied to signify f A
paternal uncle; as in the Kur ii. 127, quoted

before. (M.)^[It is also (like >l and &t\ and
O~o) prefixed to nouns of various significations.
Most of the compounds thus formed will be found
explained in die arts, to which belong the nouns
that occupy the second place. The following are
among the more common, and are therefore here
mendoncd, as exs. of different kinds.]— 21^)1 ^1
+ The woman's husband : (Ibn-Habecb, M :) it is
said in the TS that v^J'f m certain of the dials.,
signifies the husband: MF deems this meaning
strange. (TA.) \Jy^\ ^ iThe master of the
dwelling, or of the place of abode : (TA :) and
ithe guest. (K in art. ^y.) u»W-i"9l £ fThe
very hospitable man. (TA.)— w»jUJl yl fThe
lion. (TA.) ijil *1 \The wolf. (TA.) yf
Jj«L\\ i Tlie fox. (TA.V_yU.yl i Bread. (S

and K in art. j-»..)— JUU yt + Extreme old age:

(TA :) and t hunger. (MF in art. j**..)
tt * t

WI : see «_>t.

,,, *,*{ *iil

fly I or *lyl: see Syl.

12

li*' Oft or mating or belonging to, a father;
paternal. (S, TA.)

jj/t dim, of tjjf, q. v. (Msb.)

Jyl [in copies of the K * .l^>l, and in the CK
T .h>/I, both app. mistranscriptions for iy\, which
is well known,] Fathership; paternity; the rela-
tion of a father. (S,* M.) You say, ^j ^£
*yl j^U [i/ernwen me and tuch a one i* a tie
of faiherthip]. (S.)

-t t

1. ^yl, aor. ^yli, (S, M, Msb, K,) which is

anomalous, (S, M, Msb,) because it has no faucial
letter (S, Msb) for its second or third radical,
(Msb,) and ^Q, (M, Msb, K,) mentioned by IJ
as sometimes said, (M,) agreeably with analogy,
(TA,) and V>5 A, which is doubly anomalous first
because the pret. is of the measure J**, and this
pronunciation of the ^j of the aor. is [regularly
allowable only] in the cose of a verb of the
measure Jjti, aor. JjU^, and secondly because it
is only in an aor. like J-»-rt, (Sb, M,) i. e., of a
verb of which the first radical letter is ^ or ^,
(TA in art. J*.>) and ^Xi, (IB, [who cites as
an ex. a verse ending with the phrase a~Zj { J^,])
inf. n. IU (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and ifa, (K,)
or S^l, (so in a copy of the M,) or IM, (so in
the Msb,) lie refuted; or refrained, forbore,
abstained, or held bach ; syn. iw*t; (S, Msb, MF,

Bd in ii. 32, Kull p. 8,) voluntarily, or of his
own free will or choice : (Bd ubi supra, Kull :)
[thus when used intransitively : and it is also used
transitively :] you say, J^l ^1 he refused assent,
or consent, to the thing, or affair; disagreed to
it ; and did not desire [to do] it : (M{r in Har
p. 483:) he did not assent to, consent to, approve,
or choose, it; lie disallowed it ; rejected it: (Mgh:)
and ijylil ut jI he disliked, was displeased with,
disapproved of, or hated, the thing. (M, K.) Fr
says that there is no verb with fet-h to its medial
radical letter in the pret. and fut. [or aor.] unless
its second or third radical ia a faucial letter, except
^f : that AA adds O^J '• but iStat one says o£*\
with yj&ji for its fut., and O^i "'th O&ji for
its fut: (T:) so that the instance mentioned by
A A is one of an intermixture of two dial. vara. :
(TA:) Th adds ^JS and Ci and L-i ; and Mbr
adds L»- : but most of the Arabs say (JUL and
y-iu and y+li and ^^J. (T.) [Some other
instances are mentioned by other authors; but
these are verbs of which the aors. are rarely with
fet-h, or are instances of the intermixture of two
dial, vars.] ^soi\ owl is a greeting which was
addressed to kings in the time of ignorance;
meaning May est thou refuse, or dislike, (ISk,*
8,* M,« Har p. 491,) to do a thing that would
occasion thy being cursed! (ISk, S, M;) or, to
do that for which thou wouldst deserve the being
cursed I for it implies the meaning pf a prayer;

i. e., may Qod make thee to be of those who

dislike the being cursed! and hence it occurs

parenthetically. (Har ubi supra.) You say also,
■ .' > »t - «
*U* ^1 ^jf\ [He refuted, or did not submit, to

be- harmed, or injured]. (T.) [And sometimes
*9 is inserted after q\, and is either redundant, or
corroborative of the meaning of the verb, as in

e • t St '"

the case of *) ^1 or ^1 after «-^> .] It is said in

the Kunx. 32, tjy ^j ^1 •$ aSi\ ^ly, meaning
But God will not consent or choose [save to com-
plete, or perfect, kis light]. (Bd.) And in the
same xvii. 91, \jy\£> ^1 ^Cjt J&l ^U, i.e.
[But the greater number of men have not consented
to, or chosen, aught] save denying [its truth, or
disbelieving it] ; this phrase with *)\ being allow-
able because it is rendered by means of a nega-
tive. (Bd.) You also say, J^Ji\ JjC &\£> [He
used to refuse, or dislike, flesh-meat], (K,) or
j*Ji\ Ji>l [the eating of flesh-meat]. (Mgh.)
And cUH O^ ^' [Such a one refused, or dis-
liked, water, or the water]: (S:) or ^>ji> \^» .Jl
il»)l [he refused, or voluntarily refrained from,
the drinking of water, or the water], (AAF, M.)
AndjV^t xJLt ufl, (Mgh, and Mtr. [author of the
Mgh] in Har p. 483,) and alu ♦ »lju, both sig-
nify He refused him his assent, or consent, to the
thing, or affair. (Mtr ubi supra, in Har.) Hence,
(Mtr ubi supra,) jJs. { Jt\, (Mgh, and Mtr ubi

supra,) and j^it * ^U, (T, S, and Mtr ubi supra,)
He was incompliant, or unyielding, to him; he
resisted him, withstood him, or repugned him;
syn. «iUl (T, S, Mgh, and Mtr ubi supra) 4*U :
(T:) thus explained because the objective comple-
ment (j«o*9l) is suppressed. (Mtr ubi supra.) =
>li£j| C-J, (K,) or >tiijl ^yo, and ^Ji\, (M,
TA, [in a copy of the former of which the verb is
written c~-j1, but this I suppose to be a mistran-
scription, on account of what here follows,]) like
*-"**fj> (J£,) inf. n. ^1, (M, and so in some
copies of the If ,) or ,Jl, (so in some copies of the
K,) with kesr, and with the short final alif, (TA,
[i. e. like ^fbj, but perhaps this may have been
supposed to be the right reading only because the
verb is likened to <C^-ej, of which .««6j is the
most common inf. n.,]) / left, or relinquished, the
food, (M, K,) and tlie milk, (M, TA,) without
being satiated, or satisfied. (M,^.)__J e «aAJ| *Ji f

an< ^ ufi> inf n - {^ffK The young camel, or young
weaned camel, suffered indigestion from the milk,
and became affected with a dislike of food. (M,
^.) = C-e/t as syn. with O^l : see the latter.

J A j j •**

4. »LI awI [in the CK., erroneously, 4^\] J
made him to refuse it ; or to refrain, forbear,
abstain, or hold back, from it, voluntarily, or
of kis own free will or choice : (S: [this meaning
being there implied, though not expressed :]) or
/ made kim to dielike it, to be displeased with it,
to disapprove of it, or to hate it : (M, K :) namely,
water [&c.]. (S, M.) One says, ^'^WO'^,
(ISk,S,K,» [in the CK, erroneously, Ji l y\ %])

i. e., »\j\J J i Sit +4 ^ [Such a one is like a sea, or
great river, that will not make thee to refuse it,
or dislike it, &c] ; (K;) i. e., that will not fail,
or come to an end, (ISk, S, K,) by reason of its

[Book I.

abundance. (ISk, 8.) In like manner one says,
of any water, ^j/yj *$ tU [Water that will not
fail, or come to an end], (TA.) And U JU Uju»
^jipt With us, or at our abode, it water that does
not become scanty, or little in quantity. (Lh, T,
M.) And iUI i<jI The water decreased, or be-
came deficient. (AA, from El-Mufaddal.) And
^jiyi ) <-r~ M A well that will not become ex-
hausted : (IAar, M :) one should not say, ,_£;.

(M, TA.) In like manner, also, one says, "^£»
ufyi ^ Herbage, or pasture, that will not fail, or
come to an end. (S.) And ^wp "^ Ji*^j> *S'-r
He has dirliems, or money, that will not fail, or
come to an end. (TA.) And iUI ,wl signifies
also Tlie water [in a well] was, or became, diffi-
cult of access («^I*I), so that no one was able to
descend to it but by exposing himself to peril or
destruction : (M :) if a drawer of water descend
into the well, (T, TA,) and the water be altered
for the worse in odour, (TA,) he exposes himself
to peril, or destruction. (T, TA.)

r»l »,, it. »,. ««

5. j-*"}! a~U ^0 : and a*U ^13 alone : sec 1,
latter half of the paragraph.

!'•

<LvJ A paucity, or deficiency, and revulsion, of

the milk in the breast: (Fr, TS :) or a revulsion
of the milk in the udder; (K;) but the saying
" in the udder" requires consideration. (TA;)
You say to a woman, when she has a fever on die
occasion of childbirth, JJ^ju iyt | Jlll »Juk \£\
[This fever is only occasioned by the paucity, or
deficiency, and revulsion, of tlie milk in thy breast.]
(TA.)

vjVrfl and ,^1^1 and (jWI: see «_»t, in four
places.

HA (T,S, M,) or ^u£jl ^ (4, (K,) A dis-
like, or loathing, of food: (T,S,M,K:) of the
measure JUi, (S, M,) with damm, (S, K,) be-
cause it is like a disease, and nouns significant of
diseases arc generally of that measure. (M.) You
say, \<!\ ijll (T,S, M,K) >utjl ^ (K) He
was, or became, taken, or affected, with a dislike,
or loathing, of food. (T, S, M, K.)

&l inf. n. of J/\, q. v. (S, M, &c.) See also

fftai

I.

it •- i -

\jf\ and i.^1 : see «_»!, in tlirec places. __ Also,
'I I *
the former (^Q* She [app. a camel, or any

beast,] that refuses, or refrains from, fodder, by
reason of her suffering from indigestion : and she
that refuses, or refrains from, the stallion, by
reason of her having little appetency. (AA.)

[See also w>iy, voce ^jl.]

* t

rtt

JL>I A man who refuses, or does not submit, to
be harmed, or injured. (T.)

i-w>1, with damm, (K,) and kesr to the «_), and
with teshdeed of this letter and of the ^, (TA,)
[in the CK 2gA] Pride; self-magnification, or
greatness, or majesty : (K :) and ♦ »LJt [also] sig-
nifies pride, self-magnification, or haughtiness*
(Ham p. 118.)

^\, and t J,f, (S, M, Msb, K, TA,) and *oWV

Book I.]

(S,TA,) part, ns, of ^yl, signifying Refusing;
or refraining, forbearing, abstaining, or holding
back [voluntarily, or of his own free will or
choice] : (S, Ms b, TA :*) [refusing assent or con-
sent; &c. :] disliking, being displeased with a thing,
di*ap)>roving of it, or hating it : (M,* K,* TA :)
or the first and second, a man disliking, or loath-
ing, food : (M , K, TA :) and the third, (K,) and

*OWA («> > n a ^Py °f &• M,) or oW'» (K,) a
man wAo refuses, or refrains from, or dislikes, or

Aafrx, (.<&,) /00a*; or, tAt»<7« 'Aat are basotfor
mean, (M,K,TA,) a»d cawe« of dispraise or

Wamc : (TA :) or the second (^yt), a man n>Ao

refuses, or refrains, &c, vehemently, or much;

incompliant, unyielding, resisting, withstanding,

or repugning : (T :) and T oW and oW> a man

having vehement «L>I [app. .U, i.e. dislike, or

loathing, of food ; agreeably with a common

quality of words of the measure O^**] : (T» TA :

[but in copy of the T, accord, to the TT, Sfi

in this lost explanation is written .l>\ : in the TA

it is without any vowel-sign :]) the pi. of w»l is
. i~ % .1 3 1 *

tjyl\ and Sl^l (M, K) and ^t, (K,) with damm,

tlien kesr, and then teshdeed, (TA, [in the CK

.yl, and in a copy of the M »>eA]) an< ^ Wi (M,

TA,) or JWJ, (K, TA,) like Jt^: (TA: [in tlie

CK .VI 0) the pi. of t^f is o^l 5 (M,K ;) of
which an instance occurs wherein the pi. ^ is
likened to a radical ,j ; the gen. case being
written, at the end of a verse, v>erfl : (M :) the
pi. of ♦ £$» (M,) or oQl, (K,) is oQ. (Kr,

M,K.) [Hence,] .Jty The lion. (K.) And

& e >\, (M,) so in some copies of the K.» out " n
others T i^l, (TA,) She [app. a camel] tliat dis-
likes, or loathes, and will not drink, water: and
she that desires not the evening-food : and she (a
camel) that is covered and does not conceive, or
become pregnant: (M,K:) and w>l}*> [•*" P'v]

she-camels that refuse, or refrain from, the stal-

2 (
lion. (TA. [See also ,y1.]) It is said in a prov.,

aJ*$\ m^ty* i-il«JI [SAe (/tar w eating her evening-
food, or pasturing in the evening, excites her tliat
has no desire for that food]; i. e., when the
camels that desire not the evening-food see the
camels eating that food, they follow them, and
pasture with them. (M, and so in the S in art.

«_>!* [act part. n. of 4, q. v.] Water failing,
or coming to an end : (TA :) or water that is
scanty, or little in quantity.] (Lh, M, TA.)

SV'U JU, (M,) or 5VU S.U, (K,) Water which
the camels refuse, or dislike. (M, K.)

2. $1 Qi\, (M,K, [but in the latter the pro-
noun is masc.,]) and w-jI>, (M,) or simply ly-JI,

(S,) inf. n. w-~»Ij, (S, K,) lie put on Iter, or clad

Aer rct'A, an «_-ol : (S, M, K :) or lyJI signifies

Ac put on her, or c/art" her xith, a shift. (AZ, T.)

—^1, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) It (a

garment, or piece of cloth,) was made into an ^Jl.
(M,K.)

5. v^V v&> ( M » K ») and t ^ J ^ , » [written
with the disjunctive alif >^k\], (M,) or^^jl,
(K, [but this I think a mistranscription,]) He
put on himself, or clad himself with, an »,«3I :
(M,K:) or tc.."*t, alone, she put on herself,
or clad herself with, an ^Jl. (AZ, T, S, M.)_
I/£jJj cJjJI y^U f He put on (i. e. on himself)
the coat of mail, and the arms, or weapons. (A.)
And J*yM *r«3l3 \He put forth his shoulder-
joints from tlie belt of the bow, [tlie belt being
across his breast,] so that the bow was on his
shoulder-blades: (A:) accord, to AHn, (M,)

^JU signifies fa man's putting tlie suspensory
of tlie bow across tlie breast, and putting forth the
slwulder-joints from it, (M,K,) so that the bow is
on the shoulder-joints : (M :) and you say also,
s^i ,Ji <u.j5 ^«3U t [Ac put his bow in the
manner above described upon his back]. (S.) —
[And hence,] wJU signifies also f He prepared
himself, or made himself ready, (K,) j-»^W [for
the affair]. (TK.) And ^ He acted, or be-
haved, with forced liardness, firmness, strength,
hardiness, courage, or vehemence. (K.)

8 : see 5, in two places.
9 : see 5.

J^Jl (T, S, M, A, K) and * i^U (M, K) A jJ*,
(S,) o'r ijSi, (M,K,) i.e., (S,M, [but in theK
what here follows is given as a meaning distinct
from tliat of ijJn,]) a ijj [q. v.], (S, M, K,) or
piece of cloth, (S, A,) wAicA is slit (S, M, A, K)
in the middle, (S,) and worn by a woman, (A, K,)
who throivs it upon her neck, (S, M,) [putting her
head through the slit;] having neit/ier an opening
at the bosom (a v ^».), nor sleeves : (S, M, A, K :)
and a woman's shift : (T, M, K :) and, (K,) or
accord, to some, (M,) a garment that is short,
reaching half-way down tlie shank : (M, K :) or
[a garment like] drawers, or trousers, without
legs ; (M, K ;) t. q. i«*i : (M :) or a shirt with-
out sleeves, (S voce ^, M, K,) worn by women :
(S ubi supra :) the first explanation alone is given
in most lexicons : (TA :) some say that it is
different from the j\j\ ; tliat it Aa» no band like
tliat of drawers or trousers, and is not sewed
togctlier after the manner of drawers or trousers,
but is a shirt of which the two sides are not sewed
together : (M :) or t. q. iiJLt and jljuo and j$y* ;
all signifying one and the same tiling : (T :) pi.
[of pauc] v^T (M, K [in the CK and a MS.
copy of the K written «->UI]) [originally v^"
which is mentioned as one of the pis. by MF] and
«^«3I [originally ^^11 which is also mentioned as
one of tlie pis. by MF] and by transposition w>>n>

(MF,) and [of mult.] 4»A (§,) or vfy (M,)
or both. (K.) — [Hence,] v^t also signifies
t The A«»A of barley. (M, K.)

^Jfts A [wrapper, or wrapping garment, such
as is called] J^. * *. (T.)

sec

13

jltJt JJ^i t A man whose nail is crooked.
(KO

1. J5l, (M, K,) in, or in relation to, a .UL> [or
skin for? water or milk], (TA,) signifies The
having two punctures of a seam (,jUj^) rent so
as to become one. (M, K.) You say, i^U\ wo^l,
aor. z , inf. n. jj\, The water-shin had its two
punctures (UUj^i. [or rather two of its punctures,
agreeably with the explanation of the inf. n. in
the M and K, as given above,]) rent so that they
became one. (TK.) — [And hence,] The meeting
together of the pl&-.'« [or vagina and rectum] :

whence >yl [q. v.] as an epithet applied to a
woman. (Ham p. 373.) — [It seems to be indi-
cated in tlie T, that one says, iVlJl jjft, aor. -,
and jjftf aor. ; ; as meaning, or perhaps the former
only, The women assembled, or came together : for

•if* ...

I there find, immediately after ^U as signifying

" a place in which women assemble," " one says,
^>\, aor. - , and J£\, aor. - :" but it is then added
that, accord, to Khdlid Ibn-Yezeed, ^U is from
J3I, aor. i.]™J. q. JmJ [The act of rending,
rending asunder, ripping, or tAe like ; "or undoing
the sewing of a thing]. (TA.)_— The act of
cutting. (Sgh, K.) You say, *+J\ He cut it.
(TK.)=^'> aor. -, also signifies He brought
together, or united, two things. (T.) [See >yl,
and ^3U.] = ot&W $% (?gh,Msb,) with two
forms of aor., [app. ; and - ,] (M?b,) inf. n. jf\,
(Sgh, K,) or Jy I ; (Mfb ;) and Jfr aor. - ;
(Msb ;) He stayed, remained, dwelt, or abode, in
tlie place. (Sgh, Msb, K. )

2 : see 4.

4. lliJT, inf. n. j>\^\ ; and • l^JI, inf. n. ^U;
He rendered lier such as is termed j>y\, q. v.
(0,K.)

j>yi\ is primarily used in relation to the >Uu>
[or skin for water or milk ; as meaning] Having
two punctures of a seam (otijjA.) rent so that
they become one. (S.)__ And hence, (S,) or from
j£\ as meaning " he brought together, or united,"
two things, (T,) A woman whose ,jlCL-» [or
vagina and rectum] meet together in one, [by the
rupture of the part between them,] (T, M,) be-
coming conjoined, so that the —ji is enlarged
thereby, (TA,) on tlie occasion of devirgination ;
(M ;)i.q. luUi, (T,S,M,) as some say; (T ;)
or LiU* ; (K ; [said in the TA to be a mistake :
but Sl^uU and «L^UU are said in the M, in art.
uo^, to have the same signification ;]) a woman
whose ij&sl* have become one : (Ham p. 271 :)
or, as some say, small in the ~ji [or vagina] :
CM :) or it has these two contr. significations.
(K-)

^U is a quasi-inf. n. of j£\ in the last of the
senses explained above. (Msb.) [Thus it signifies
A staying, remaining, dwelling, or abiding, in
a place. But it more commonly signifies] The
assembling of women [and of men also] tn a case
of rejoicing and of mourning. (Har p. 234.) —

14

It is also a noun of time from the same. (Msb.)
[Thus it signifies A time of staying or remain-
ing, &(-.]__ Ami it is also a noun of place from
the same. (Msb.) [And thus it signifies A place
of staying or remaining, &c. But it more com-
monly signifies] A place of assembling of women
[and of men also] in a case of rejoicing and of
mourning: from J^\, aor. - , accord, to Khiilid
Ibn-Yczccd. (T.)^ And hence, tropically, (Msb,)
t Women assembling together (T, S, M, Mgh,
Msb, K) in a case of rejoicing and of mourning,
(T, M, Mgh, K,) or tu a case of good and of evil:
(S, Msb :) or any assembly, (M, K,) of men and
of women, (M,) in a case of mourning or of re-
joicing : (M, K :) or particularly of young women;
(M,K,) accord, to some; but it is not so: and
•omc assert that the word is derived from J£\ t in
the first of the senses explained in this art. ; and
from >»jjI, as an epithet applied to a woman ;
because it signifies women coming together, and
meeting face to face, in a case of good and of evil:
(M:) the pi. is JjU. (8, Mgh.) Abu-l-'Ata
Es-Sindcc says,

J j 3 # .to fit • it

>>>-*"} jtf^ (.J^V *t*yf* *

[In the evening when arose the wailing women to
wail, and openings at the necks and bosoms of
garments were rent with the hands of assembled
mourning women, and checks also were lacerated] :
(8, M, Mgh :) i. e., ;U ^jyV (S.) And
another says,

C5bl #h Sr~ uiP C^»

[<S'<i that thou secst them (referring to women)
standing in his presence, or at, or by, it, like as
thou scest the assembly of men around the prince,
or commander] : ^UM here necessarily denoting
men. (M.)__IKt says, (Msb,) it is used by
the vulgar to denote An affliction, or evil acci-
dent ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [and Mtr adds,] and a

wailing: (Mgh:) they say, ^"^j ^U .J ££>
[meaning We were present at the affliction of
tttch a one] : (S, Msb :) or &*& ^^U ^ U£b
[meaning We were present at the affliction, and
wailing, of the sons of such a one] : (Mgh :) but
the correct word in this case, (S, Mgh,) or the
better, (Msb,) is i».lU : (S, Mgh, Msb :) so says
IAmb. (Mgh.) But accord, to IB, nothing for-
bids that it may occur in the sense of A place
of wailing ; and in the sense of mourning, and
wailing, and weeping; for therefore do women
assemble : and thus it may be in the saying of
Et-Teymee, respecting Mansoor Ibn-Ziyad,

[The people's mourning, kc.,for him was one : in
ecery house was a moaning, and a sighing] : and
in the saying of another,

t t 1 >M , -t -

i.e. [TA« daughters of the captives, when they

were slain, became, in the early part of the day,]
in a state of mourning; and the beasts of prey,
in a state of rejoicing. (TA.)

1. O^W ^,(S,M,Msb,K,*) aor. '- ,(Msb,)

or ; , (K,) inf. n. ^!l (M, Msb, K) and Jpt,
(K,) //c remained, continued, stayed, or abode,
in the place ; (S, M, Msb, K ;") or became fixed,
or settled, therein. (M.)

10. ^>JU-I [lit.] He (an ass) became a she-ass.
(M.) The saying, ,jJtL.U ljl^». Jjl£», said of si
man, [lit.] signifies [He was a he ass,] and he
became a she ass; meaning f he was mighty, or
of high condition, [like the wild he-ass,] and he
became base, abject, or tv'fc. (S, TA.)_»Also, (8,
TA,) or UUI ^Iwl, (M,) He (a man) ;;>/>•-
chased a she-ass ; (S ;) he took for himself a she-
ass. (S*, M.)

OUI (T,S,M, Msb.K) and t^Ut, (K,) but
one should not say iiUl, (ISk, S, Msb,) or this
is of rare occurrence, (K,) occurring in certain
of the trads., (I Ath,) A shc-ass [domestic or wild]:
(S, M, Msb, K:) pi. (of pauc., T,S,M ? b) JpT and

(of mult., T, S, Msb) &3\ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and
• el ' I, A. ' '

^>j| and (quasi-pl. n., M) * ilJ^3U. (S, M, K.)

Hence, ,jlJI signifies \ A foolish and soft or

weak woman; as being likened to a she-ass.

(TA.) Also The station of the drawer of water

at the mouth of the well ; (S, M, K ;) and so
O^'- (M, K.) And A rock, or great mass of
stone, (AA,T,S, M,) in water; (AA, T, M;)
or, as some say, at the bottom of the casing of a
well, so that it it next the water. (AA, T.) And
A large, round mass of rock, which, wlien it is in
shallow water, is called Jp.,.aJI ,jt3l ; and a she
camel is likened thereto, in respect of her hard-
ness : (S :) or J«»^ J I ,jU1 signifies a large mass
of rock jrrojecting from the water . (T :) or a
mass of rock, (M,K, TA,) hirge and round, in
the water, (TA,) at the mouth of the well, over-
spread with [the green substance called] > r .JLall>,
so that it is smooth, (M, K, TA,) more smooth
than other parts: (M, TA :) or a ?nass of rock,
part of which is immerged ( j-«U-, M, K) M the
water, (K,) and part apparent. (M, K.) And
J«»JI fj\3\ signifies A large Tnass of rock in the
interior of the water-course, which nothing raises
or moves, of the measure of the stature of a man
in length and likewise in breadth. (ISh.)__Also
The [piece of wood called] Sj*\3 [which is one
of four forming the support] of the «oy [more
commonly called roy*, q. v.] : pi. £/3\, (K,
TA,) with medd. (TA : [but in the CK J>5i.])

[Book I.
to J tliat in which bricks are baked, and called in

»' J • # J # 9 1

Persian Jiiy and \Jjy2>\} [or simply ^y and
u-b]: (Mgh:) accord, to Az, (Msb,) it is that
of the hath, and of the place in which gypsum is
made : (T, Msb :) or the trench, hollow, or pit,
of the jU». [or lime-burner, (in the CK, crro-
ncously, the jUa.,]) and of the preparer of
gypsum; (M,K,TA;) and the like: (K:) the
pi. [said in the TA to be of the latter, but it is
implied in the T and M and Mgh that it is of the
former,] is ^Ul, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, [in
the CK, erroneously, sJ-&\,]) by common con-
sent of the Arabs, (Mgh,) with two Os, (T,)
accord, to Fr, who says that they sometimes
double a letter in the pi. when they do not double
it in the sing., (T,) and accord, to IJ, who says

that it seems as though they changed ,jyl to
* it * it

(j^il ; (M ;) and [of Qy\, as is said in the TA

and implied in the M,] jjjl. (M, K.) [J says
that] it is said to be post-classical ; (S ;) [and ISd
says,] I do not think it to be Arabic. (M.)

„ ,1.

sec ,jUI.

&

jjLil : see jjtfl, m two places.

Oy'l (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and o>3l, (K,) or,
accord, to J, (Msb,) it is thus, with teshdeed, but
pronounced without teshdeed by the -vulgar, (S,
Msb,) A certain place in which fire is kindled,
(S, Mgh,) called in Persian ^>i.X £- > [or (^jiJU],

1. lit, aor. j3b; (Msb;) and '££\, (T, S, M,
K,) aor. »^\ ; (S ;) inf. n. j5l, (M, Msb,) or Syl,
(S,) or the latter is an inf. n. of un. ; (T, TA ;)
He came; (Msb;) and / came to him, or it;

(S ;) the former a dial. var. of ^jJI, aor. ^30 ;

(Msb;) and the latter, of *£l. (T,S,M,K.)
[See art. ^1, to which, as well as to the present
art., belong several words mentioned in this.] =
ffl, aor. as above, (TK,) inf. n. jil, (M,K,TK,)
also signifies He pursued a right, direct, straight,
or even, course, in going, or pace. (M, K, TK.)
— And He (a man, TK) hastened, made haste,
or sjjed; or he was quick, hasty, speedy, rapid,

swift, or fleet. (M,K,TK.) And iSlJI Cjf,

inf. n. as above, The she-camel returned her fore
legs, [drawing tlie feet bach towards the body,
and lifting them high,] in her going. (M.)
You say, i»UI ejuk i<>j yl o-*-l <-, and

Vi«*i u 3 '. How good, or beautiful, is this she-
earners returning of her fore legs in her going !
i. c. UjlJ jj* £ju' juJj. (T,» S, M.)__ And j5l
signifies also The act of impelling, or propelling ;
particularly, of an arrow from a bow. (TA.) Sec
also this word below. = iSyil, (S, M, Msb,K,)
aor. '»J\, (S,M§b,) inf. n. IJOI, (S, M, Msb,K,)
so accord, to A'Obcyd, (M,) and mentioned by
Sgh on the authority of AZ, (TA,) and ^31, (S,
TA,) [J gave kim what is termed ijCil, as mean-
ing the tax called ->-\ja. : this is the signification
which seems to be indicated in the S : or] I bribed
him ; gave him a bribe. (M, Mjb, K.) [See also
lyil below.] =s sS1j)\ cJl, (T,S, M,K,) and

SJaJ-iil, (M,K,)aor. ^\j, (S,) inf. n. SOI , with
kesr, (Kr, M, K,) [in a copy of the T, and in two
copies of the S, !0I, but this is said in the M to
be a subst.,] and yl ; (M, K ;) and 3UA :ll » ool,

pertaining to a bath: and metaphorically applied inf. n. JtJt ; (T;) The palm-tree [and the tree]

Book I.]

bore: (S:) or put forth it* fruit : or showed its
being in a good state: (M,K:) or bore much:

(T, M, K :) and .131 signifies also the increasing,

or thriving, of socd-produce. (T.) — And o»3l

a^iU', inf. n. JUI, [in a copy of the M ,V3I,] The

cattle, or camels .jr., increased, or yielded increase.

(M, K. [In the CK, immediately before this

phrase, jU^-"^ is erroneously put for ,l»Jlj.])s=

.1- ' ' .1-
.-3U for i„£yl3 : see 1 in art. ^jl.

4 : sec 1, near the end of the paragraph.

y I an inf. n. of 1, q. v. = A way, course, mode,
or manner. (M, K.) You say, of speech, or
language, (M,) and of a speaker, or reciter of a
ilLL, (IAar, M,) j».lj yM ^ Jlj U It, and
he, ceased not to follow one [uniform] way, &c.
(M.)anavl7i impulsion; a propulsion; particu-
larly an act of shooting an arrow from a bow : so

* c-,»c - -o£ ft* it

in a trad., where it is said, CMy*^S y^l LS"*-^ ^£*
We used to shoot one shooting and two shootings ;
meaning, of arrows from bows, after the prayer
of sunset. (TA.) =s Death : or [so in the T,
but in the K "anil,"] a trial; or an affliction.
(T, K.) You say, yl o"^ \J* Jp Death came
upon such a one: or a trial; or an affliction.
(ISh,T.) And yl ^-& $ & J\ 0\ V I
die, [or if death befall vie,] my slave shall be free.
(T.)^A vehement sicliness or disease: (T, K:)
or the fracture of an arm, or of a leg. (T.) = A

gift. (S,K.) Butter; (S ;) as also 10, (A,)

or tfin, (TA: [in which it is said to be like
^VJ=> ; but this I think a mistake : sec «UI
below.]) You say, when a skin of milk is agitated,
and its butter comes, «yt ;U- »>i [Its butter has
come]. (S, TA.) And you say, "eUl ^J ,jj
i1/<7/t having butter. (A, TA.) = A flra/r body
or corporeal form or person (j k*} C ^irH *rj
(AZ,Sgh,K.)

Syl ./l .un/7/e coming ; as also i-31. (T.)

■» '•»

jjly'l a corroborative [or imitative sequent] of
> * 1 1
tjty-1, which signifies grieving mourning, or

sorrowful : (TA :) or »'. q. ^jajjm. [vehemently

desirous; eager; ice.]. (Mirkat el-Loghali, cited

by Golius.)

V0\, (T,S, M,) or fl3J, like ^1%, (K, [but it
is said in the M that the former is a subst. and
the latter an inf. n.,] Increase; syn. Il»j, (S, M,
K, [in the CK jUSlj is erroneously put for

iti^Jlj,]) and a£=>jj: (S :) increase, and produce,
or w<tf produce, of land; as though from SjUSI
signifying ».jj*-Jt : (TA :) gain, or revenue,
arising from the increase of land, or from the
rent thereof, or the lihe : (TA, and so in a copy
of the S :) the produce of land, and fruits, Sfc. :
(As, T :) what is produced of the fruits ( Jl£»l
[in the CK Jl£>l]) of trees: (M,K:) the fruit

of jfalm-trees. (S.) — — See also yl, in three
places.

S ( 11

,-31 (S, M, Sgh, K) and ,-31 [respecting which

see what follows] and ^Ji\ , (Sgh, K,) of all which,
the first is said by A'Obeyd to be the form used

by tlic Arabs, (TA,) [and all belong to^art. l Ji\,
as well as to the present art.,] and t^Ol (M,
Sgh, K) and ^131 and J^U! , (Sgh, K.) all these,
and the three preceding them, mentioned by Sgh
on the authority of A A, but the last of all said by
him to be strange, (TA,) A rivulet for which a
man makes a way or channel, or an easy course
or passage, to his land : (S, M, K :) or a torrent,
or flow of water, from another region or quarter:
(M, K: [both these meanings mentioned in the

M in art. yl, anil the former in art. ^1 also, of

2 c
that work:]) or ,-31 signifies a conduit of water;

and any channel in which water is made to have
an easy course; as also 7j\, mentioned by Sb ;
or, as some say, this is a pi. : (M :) or any
rivulet : (As, T :) or a rivulet less than the
[trench called] (jy" : (IB :) and ^yl J*w (Lh,

T, S, M) and \J$, (Lh, S, M.) a torrent, or
flow of water, that comes one hnows not whence :
(M :) or that comes when the rain tliat has pro-
duced it has not fallen upon the people to whom it
comes : (Lh, S, M :) or that comes from a land
upon which rain lias fallen to a land upon which
rain has not fallen. (T, Msb.) — Hence, (T, M,)
or the reverse is the case, (T, M, Msb,) all the

3 ( it

words above, (AA, T, K,) or ^y\ and ^jV51, (S,

M, Mgh, Msb, [the last said in the T to be the

most approved,]) A stranger; or a man not of

one's own people, or not of one's own kindred:

(A A, T, S, M, Mgh :) or a man who asserts his

relation to a people of whom he is not : (Msb :)

2 t
or ,.31 signifies one who is among a people of

3 -»
whom he is not : (As, T :) and (J'jOl, a stranger,

who is not in his own country ; or, accord, to Ks,

a stranger, who is not in his own home : (T :) the

pi. of this last is Oyi^ ' (9 t tne *" enK sin g' 18
iu,u1 :] and the pi. fem. 0W3UI. (T, S, M.)

S^tfl i. q. pAj*' [i. e. A tax, a tribute, or an
impost], (T, S, M, K,) such, for instance, as is
levied on land, (TA in the present art.,) and such
as is imposed on a slave ; (T A in art. -^ye ;) and
any tax or otlier exaction that is taken by com-
pulxion, or against the will, or that is apportioned
to a people : (M : [in the TA " to a place" instead
of " to a people : "]) and also, a bribe : or, (accord,
to some, M,) particularly, a bribe for water : (M,
K :) the pi. is ^juf, (T, M, K, TA, [but in some

i -I

copies of the K ^jl3', and accord, to copies of
the S it is jl3l, being written, with the article,
(^13^1 ; both of which appear to be wrong ; for
it is said to be] like ^/^* and \Jj\f*, pis- of
S^jLt and syj*, (M, TA,) and like ^Jj& ;
(TA;) changed, [in the accus. case, with the
article prefixed,] at the end of a verse, into Ij}13%
for the sake of the rhyme : (M, TA :) this occurs
in a verse of El-Jaadee : (S :) it has also for a

pi. OIJUI , (T,) and ^31, [in the CK, erroneously,
^31,] which is extr., (M,K,) as though its sing.
were Sj3l, being like ^j, pi. of i^i,, (M,) and
like \Jjb, pi. of i' Sj t\. (TA.) You say, SjUl (^jl
4-eyl [He payed the tax of his land] ; i. e. ^sfAjsi, :

15

» #'- » *

and 5«US1 LS^* ^Wj-» fA* tax, or tribute, or
impost, was imposed upon them] ; i. e. <oU-~)l :
and some assert it to be tropical. (TA.) You say
also, »^13NW «l* Jj& [He stopped (lit. bitted) hit
mouth with the bribe] ; i. e. »y*j^- (TA.)

j^UI and its vara. : see ^y\, above.

1. . Jl, aor. .JO, (Msb,) and, in the dial, of
Hudhcyl, oC, without ,J ; (S ;) and *^3I, (T, S,
M,i»f8b,K,) [aor. &,£•,] and in the imperative,
some of the Arabs say, O, suppressing the I, like

as is done in J*, and J^ and j+ ; (IJ, M ;) inf.
n. oyj, (T,S,*M,Mgh,M?b,K,) or this is a
simple subst., (Msb.) and h0\, (M,K,) which
should not be used as an inf. n. of un., unless by
a bad poetic licence, (Lth,T,) and ,_j3l (T,S, M,
Msb, K) and ^1 and ^1 and J13U ; (M, K ;) He
[or it] came; (Msb;) and I came to him, or it;
(S, M, Mgh,* Msb, JJL ;) or was, or became, present
at it, namely, a place : (Mgh :) as also 01, aor.
/C; (Msb;) and '£$', (T,S,M,K), aor. i^T:
(S :) for which reason, we assign the generality of
the words mentioned in art. y I to the present art
also. (M.) [Accord, to the authorities here indi.
catcd for the signification of ^yl, this verb and «U»
arc syn. : some attempt to distinguish them ; but
contradict one another in so doing: the slight
distinctions that exist between them will be best
seen by a comparison of the exs. in this art. with
those in art. L»- :] accord, to l£r-Raghib, the proper
[or primary] signification of ^l«3NI is The comxng
with ease. (TA.) — 1*131, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n.
*j\^\, (Msb,) [lit. He came to her,] means t '«<
lay with her ; syn. 1^>U- ; (Mgh, Msb ;) namely,
a woman, (Mgh,) or his wife. (Msb.) Hence
an expression in the Kur xxvi. 1C5. (TA.) —
^^ill^l [He came to the people: and hence,] he
asserted his relationship to the people, not being
of them. (Msb.) [See ^1 in art. yl.] — y ^1
[He came with, or brought, him, and it ; or] he
made him (a man), and t* (a thing, such, for in-
stance, as property), to come. (Kull.) [See also
4 : and see, in what follows, other significations
of ,«3t trans, by means of y. Hence, «»)y ^yl

He begot a child, or children. And *v w-5' Site
brought him forth ; gave birth to him.] Accord,
to Aboo-Is-hak, die meaning of the words in the
Kur [ii. 143] tL^ 'Jb\ J& w>W V^3 V^'l is,
Wherever ye be, God will bring you all back unto
Himself. (M.) [You say also, 1^ ^1 He ad-
duced a proof.] See also 3 ^\ ,yl [He

entered into, engaged in, or occupied himself with,
the thing, or affair : and, as also <v ^,] he did,
executed, or performed, the thing, or affair ; (M.
K;) and in like manner, ^JM, [and ^ij)^,]
tlic crime, sin, or offence. (M.) It is said in the
Kur [ix. 64], JCJ> ^ "§\ hU» OyV *%,
meaning And they do not enter into, or engage in,
prayer, unless when they are lieavy, or sluggish.
(TA.) And you say, ii^UJI ^l, [and *i*.WW,

16

(we Kur iv. 23 and Ixv. 1,)] /ft entered into,
engaged in, or occupied himself with, [or he did,
or committed,] that which mu excessively foul or
evil. (TA.) An«l ^J* jt J^ ^ j£j^ ^j{
[He said, gave utterance to, uttered, or expressed,
or Ac brought to pass, did, or effected, what teas
ijood, or excellent ; he saiil, or did, well, or excel-
lently]. (M|h in nit. >»*..) And j£ ^^Lj ^1
«J>^- [ lit (» horse) performed, or fetched, run
after run]. (§ in art.^0, 4c) — j^U| IjuJ ■£

'• ' •- ' ^"' j •

^51 »^!» [m tlio Kur xx. 72] moans J,l£> >««, »

[ Anrf /Ac enchanter shall not. prosper where he is
or wherever he may be]; (M,Bd,K;)and wAere
A« rr#m«<A; (Bd:) or tjl^j Jtt ol»- [where he
cometh with his enchantment ; or where he per-
formeth his enchantment] : (Jcl :) and it is said to
mean that where the enchanter is, lie must be
slain: such is the doctrine of the lawyers. (M.)
_— Z mentions that ^1 occurs in the sense of Ju»
[He, or it, became; like as we sometimes say,
Itt, or ft, came, or came to be] ; like <U. in the

8 ,T"?' }■*■*"• ^V' '^- ( Kull [ s< > you say,
**£»»■• <W' (_y»l JVi« building became, or fame to

*•» ■/»"»*•» *trong, or compact".] The saying, in

the Kur [xvi. 1], '» ^L CJ •£ aTiTJ^I Jll means
(TAc threatened punishment ordained of God hath
approached : therefore desire not ye to hasten it :]
iti coming hath approached. (TA.) [And in like
manner,] tf±i JjH, like ^ie, meains »S«rA a one
wvm approached by the enemy come in sight of
him. (K.) ^-^i c^j3| [Thou art approached
&c., O such a one,] is said when one is warned of
an enemy that has come in sight of him. (Sgh,
TA.) And i j^i\ y9 ^Xc ^jj \ means Tlie enemy came
to them, [or came down upon them, for, as MF
observes, ,^31 when trans, by means of ^J* seems
to imply the meaning of Jp,] overcoming, or

overpowering, them. (Bd in xviii. 40.) Hence,

*e** ^1 [and #01, as will be seen by what fol-
lows,] \ lie destroyed him, or it. (Bd ubi supra.)
And hence, from ^JJot j£\, (Mgh,) aJ*. ,J>\
j*j!\ J l'ime, or fortune, destroyed him. (M,
Mgh, Msb, K.) Destruction is meant in the Kur
[hx. l\, where it is said, ^ ,1 -__*- ^y» ^DI^aOU
'■ » ! ;" * t ' * [li»t Mod brought destruction upon them
whence they did not reckon, or exjtect], (Es-
Scmccn, TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xvi. 28],
■*?'*•» O? j**^ a1)\ Jili, i. e. + But God
removed their building from the foundations, and
demolished it upon them, so that He destroyed
them. (TA.) aJ* ^'l also signifies f He caused
it to come to an end; made an end of it; con-
sumed it; [devoured it;] exhausted it; came to,
or reached, the end of it; namely, a tiling; (Kull;)
as, for instance, what was in a bowl ; (K in art.
»J+ ») <"»d what was in a vessel ; (K* in art.
*r*-j+ >) hko *U ij* : (ISd cited, in the TA in
art ,^£i :) or i. q. k, y* [which .nay be rendered
A« went away with it ; but this, as an explanation
of *«Aft jjjl, has another meaning, which see in
what follows], (Kull.) And one says, J# Ji\
*~.U ,>» f Destruction came to such a one from

the quarter whence he felt secure. (TA.) And
0>» «V t^* ^1 t Property belonging to such a
one perished. (T.) And «j«j ^Jyj" + He is taken
away, or carried off, and oocrcome. (TA.) A
poet says,

[Book I.

• » * J

•/*' lt°" «-r e " M £**■ Oi> J>\

meaning f [Misfortunes, in the footsteps of which
were misfortunes,] took away [what was stceet, of
life, and rendered it bitter]. (TA.) One says
also, CjjI UyJb ^y>, [so I find it written, but I
think that the bist word should be C~3I, agreeably
with a preceding phrase from the T,] + Hence the
trial, or affliction, came in upon thee. (Mgh.)
And lji> i^ft. ^ 'J|, with the verb in the
passive form, t He missed [his object in respect of
such a thing] by laying hold upon it when it
was not Jit to be laid hold upon. (Msb.) And

c^v" ijjl, [also] like ^y^, t ?V/e man was
deceived, or deluded, and his faculty of sense
became altered to him, so that he imagined tluit to

be true which mas not true. (TA.) < ^± t ^\

is also syn. with <^ y> [meaning He, or it, (as,
for instance, a period of time,) passed by him, or
over him]. (Msb.) You say, J^L Z& Ji\ [A
year passed over him ; or Ac became a year old].

(S,K,Msb, in art. J«^-; &c.) «JU)| cjf.ud

a»UI tjj> ijjji ^31 ^^-..l U : sec art. yt.

2. ,UJ ,Ji, (T, S, M.) or ,WI, (K,) or both,
(TA,) inf. n. i-JO and ^,30, He smoothed, made
easy, oi prepared, ( J^,, S, K, or ^i, T,) the way,
course, passage, or channel, of the water, (T, S,
K,) in order that it might pass forth to a place;
(S ;) Ac directed a channel for it (M, TA) w that
it ran to tlie places wherein it rested or remained.
(TA.) And tjl 4-ij^ ^31 He made a rivulet, or

a cfiannelfor water, to run to his land. (M.)

\'jfii oW iW ^t, inf. n. 1^30, (T, M,» TA,) God
prepared, disposed, arranged, or put into a good
or right state, [and thus rendered feasible or
practicable or easy,] for such a one, his affair.
(M,»TA.)

3. #01, [inf. n. as below,] He requited, com-
pensated, or recomputed, him. (M, K.) The
saying, in the Kur [xxi. 48], JliJL, J& A),
V T W JAj*»- Cf* +f*i some read thus, (M,*

aj „ g ' \ /

TA,) meaning [Though it be the weight of a
grain of mustard,] we will bring it [forward for
requital] : others read l^ t \j^\ t meaning roe will
give [a recompense] for it; in which case the

... - * el

verb is of the measure J*il : or we will requite
for it ; in which case the verb is of the measure
JM. (M,TA.)__^l JU £$, (T,S,M,
Msb,) inf. n. SOlji, (T, S,) I agreed ivith him,
or was of one mind or opinion with him, upon, or
respecting, tlie thing, or affair; I complied with
him resjtecting it ; (T, S, M, Msb ;) m a good
manner : (T :) the vulgar say, *^3lj : (S :) this
is of the dial, of tlie people of El- Yemen, inf. n.
*0ly# ; and is the form commonly current : (Msb:)

but it should not be used, except in the dial, of

the people of EI-Yemcn. (T.) [Hence, app.,

^,31 as meaning He aided; a signification men-
tioned by Golius, on the authority of Z and Ibn-
Maaroof.]

4. #0T, (S,M, &c.,) inf. n. I^jj, (TA,) i. q.
aj ^Ji\ [He came with, or brought, him, or it] ;
(S;) Ac made it (a thing) to come, 4^1 to him;
(TA ;) he made, or caused, him, or it, to be present ;
(Ksh, TA;) Ac made, or caused, it (a thing) to
go, pass, or be conveyed or transmitted, (syn.
**t-0 *JI to him. (M,K.) It is stiid in the
Kur [xviii. 61], liffji L3I, i. c. aj U.I [Come
thou to us with, or bring thou to us, our morning-
meal]. (S.) — Hence, (Ksh, TA,) inf. n. as
above, (T, S,) He gave him (T, S, M, Msb, K) a
thing, (M,K,) or property: (Msb:) and you
say, OU in the sense of the [imperative] of [give
thou]. (T.) We read in the Kur. [v. 60, &c] 0>3JJj
»\£s>ji\ [And they give the portion of property
which is the due of the poor]. (TA.) And in

[xxvii. 23 of] the same, ;J,i jL ^ o^lj,
meaning And she hath been given somewhat of
everything. (M, TA.) [You say also, \J£s ,j«1
as meaning He was gifted, or endowed, with such
a thing; as, tor instance, a faculty.] Sec also 3.
— s^U-JI w-31 J »irt</c a gift to the slave be-
tween whom and me was a contract that he should
become free on payment of a certain sum : or /
abated, or rooA off, somewhat of his appointed
part-payments, or instalments. (Msb.)__l^ofU
Jj-jJI, in the Kurlix. 7, means What the Apostle
giveth you, of the [spoil termed] ,/ji, (Bd, Jcl,)
&c. : (Jcl :) or what co mmand he giveth yon :
(Bd :) or what he commandeth you [to receive],
(Kull.) — '^ ^ji ^jl A dispute, or an alterca-
tion, was held before him, respecting the meaning
of a thing: [perhaps more pro|»crly signifying Ac
was given authority to deride respecting a thing:]
occurring in a trad. (Mgh.)

5. i' Jfo Jt (an affair, T, Mgh, Msb, K, or a
thing, S, M) was, or became, prepared, disposed,
arranged, or put into a good or right state, for
him; (T,« S, M, Mgh, Msb, K ;) and hence, it
(a thing) was, or became, feasible or practicable,
and easy, to him ; (Mgh ;) it (an affair) was, or
became, facilitated, qr easy, to him ; (Msb ;) the
way thereof (i. e. of an afliiir) teas, or became,
facilitated, or easy, to him. (TA.) The following
is an ex. :

j-»wl y J~.jJ\ji\ oJ ^0 •

[Fortune became well, or rightly, disposed for
him, so that lie became restored to wealth, or com-
petence] : (T :) or jJI JI#ij| aj ^0 [good fortune,
i»r prosperity, became prepared, &c, for him,
&c.]. (So in the TA.) And hence the savin?,

■> • ' » 21" ■ » I

£*•» (jj ^H U* t Jjh TAw it o/ tAe /At»jw wAtcA
?r m feasible or practicable, and easy, to me to

chew. (Mgh) He applied himself to it with

gentleness, (As, S, K,) and so l^J ^,30, meaning

<Co*UJ , to his needful affair or business, (T,) and

entered into it, engaged in it, occupied himself

I with it, did it, executed it, or performed it, by the

Book I.]

way, or manner, proper, or suitable, to it. (As,
T, S, K. [In the CK, for Aylj »>. iut, we find

a»*-j ^>* «13'-]) And *J-*' tj* tj 3 ^ ■"* "*"* gentle-
ness, or nrfcrf gently, in his affair. (Msb.)_
4jto\ ^*. jtY~t ei ^^ *«• nought him leisurely
or repeatedly [with an arrow, app. taking aim in
one direction and then in another, until he hit

hhn]. (Z,TA.) J?\$ J& »V ' B explained

by Fr as meaning -iUj^ji^J ^jjCj [Surh a one
came, or hat come, addressing, or applying, or
directing, himself, or Am regard, or attention, or
mind, to obtain thy favour, or bounty]. (S.) And

you say, *i)j*+) (J 3 * 5 ' mcanin g " cSt*- 1 L-" e
addressed, applied, or directed, himself, Sec, to
obtain his favour, or bounty]. (TA.)_— Some
say that ,-313 signifies lie prepared himself to
rise, or stand. (TA.)

10. li^i (j3U-«t J/« wAc(/ *ucA a one to come,

i ' 5 •

deeming him slow, or tardy. (K.) iiUI C-3U->I

7%c shr-camel desired to be covered} (A, TA;)
desired the stallion ; (S, M, K ;) being excited by
lust. (S,A.)

- 3 i

J>\ ■ sec ^1.

i-31 vl *m^fc coming; as also »yl ; but not
▼ i>L3l, unless by a bad poetic licence. (T.) __

Sec also j«-^»JI a-31.

• »• -«

^U3I is cither an inf. n. of ,_>t, or a simple

subst. [signifying A coming]. (Msb.)

i>U3l an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.] : (M, K :) sec also

--« -- 2 i

J13I or 1131 : sec ^jjjl.

3 « I ,,

i«3l as syn. with ^jtil : see art. j31. __ Also,

(M, and so in some copies of the K, where it is
said to be like ^_y«oj,) or \jflj " kc t^*j> ( so m
other copies of the K,) and * JCI, (M, K,) written
by some 1131 , (TA,) What falls, of wood or leaves,
into a river : (M, K :) from oW^' : (M :) pi.
fW [in the CK .131] and ^31. (M, K.)

.-31 ,Jj»-j A man who is sharp, energetic, vigorous,
and effective, in affairs ; who applies himself to
them with gentleness, and enters into them, or
performs them, by the way, or vianner, proper,

or suitable, to them. (M.) — .-31 ^ji: see
t.>> '

*

-_^JI *e3l, (so in a copy of the M,) or ^a^Jl,
(so in some copies of the K, and accord, to the

. 1 1 .»t

TA,) or » *~3I, (so in other copies of die K,) and
* a^3I, (so in the M, and in some copies of the
K,) or 1 4^31 , (so in some copies of the K, and
accord, to the TA,) or «*^JI, (so in a copy of the
K,) The matter which comes from the wound:
(M, K :) from Aboo-'Alce. (TA.)

; (K ;) a dial. var. of the latter.

at

Ji\ i. q.

(TA.)

• 1 1" llS*t » 1 Mjt I

~jaJI «L3J and <wJI : see r-_r»-ll *~>l-
Bk. I. '*

see ot-».

it.

Ol [Coming; (see also ^jSU ;) applied to a

man, &c. ; and to time, meaning future : also a
comer : and hence,] An angel. (Mgh, Msb.)

*-jaJt iuil : sec -->»-) I i-31.

j-3U A p/acc o/ - coming. (Msb.) [And "»13U
signifies the same : or A road, or way, by which
one comes ; a way of access ; an approach ; as

also iyl* : or, more properly, a means of coming.]

__ »\j^\ ijft* [The place of access of the woman;

i. e. the meatus of Iter vagina ; or her vagina

itself;] the ykgrn «, or place of menstruation,

of the woman. (Zj in the TA in art. w oj»..) __

ft ■■%■' .a -t' • *

j^^JI j-3U and "*313U The way, or manner, (te-j,

S, or a^., M, K,) of the affair, (S, M, K,) by
which it is, or is to be, entered into, engaged in,
done, executed, or performed; like as you say
>>*iW I***- an d <CiUib*, meaning the same by
Iwth. (S.) You say, «UU ^» j**$\ o-3l and

»*313U, (S, M,) i. e., *1* Ji%> ^JJI «^ ^ [/
entered into, engaged in, did, executed, or per-
formed, the affair by the way, or manner, where-
by it should be entered into, ice], (S,) or eSLf ry
[which means the same]. (M.)
»•*

• a. a.

SUU : see ^U, in three places.

s !*

JU [pass. part. n. of 1; Come: come to:] is
of the measure JywU ; tlie ^ being changed into
^g and incorporated into the ^g which is the final
radical letter. (S.) In the saying, in the Kur [xix.

(52], U3U tijs-j tj^ 3 '*-''• tnc meaning is » L3I
[ Verily that which lie liath promised, or the ful-
filment of his promise, is coming] ; like as, in the
phrase \)f— « W^>^> m the Kur [xvii. 47], lyC
is meant : or it may be a pass. part. n. [in signi-
fication as well as form] ; for what cometh to
thee, of that which God commandeth, thou comest

thereto. (S.) It is said in a prov., \j\ c~it . JU
il^-JI [lit. Thou art come to, O thou person],
meaning rAere is no escape for thee from this
event. (TA.) Applied to a man, it also signi-
fies <iui ^3t [in a sense indicated in the Kur xxvi.
165]'. '(TA.)

JUJU Jjjio A road to which people come (Th,
M, Mgh, Msb) much, or often ; (Mgh, Msb;) the
latter word being of the measure JUJLo, (Th, M,
Mgh, Msb,) originally (jfUiu or jUJU ; (Ms b ;)
from s=-e3l, (Th, M,) or (J 1 * 3 **) 1 i [or from 0»3I ;]
like J"iU»-» jlj, i- e. a house where people alight
or abide much, or often : (Mgh, Msb :) a road
that is frequented (S, M, K) and conspicuous :
(M, K :) in [some of] the copies of the K, in-
correctly, »«Ui» : (TA :) A'Obeyd has inadvertently
written it without [the radical] », and in the
category of t^ii. (M.) Death is thus termed in
a trad., as being a way which every one travels :
(TA :) and as that trad, is related, it is without

[the radical] .. (M.) JjJxJI &L» The main

part, or middle, of the road; or the part of the

17

road along which one travels : (Sh, TA :) or the
space within which the road it comprised; (S,
Msb, K;) as also JmjIjJI i\j~* : (TA:) or this

last, as also Jm^»)I ll~», signifies the measure
of the two titles, and the distance, of the road.
(L in art ^~«.)__!UJL« also signifies The ex-
treme limit of the distance to which horses run ;
(S.Msb;) and so :Tj**. (S,TA.) And i.q.

.'UX3. (K.) You say, o$ /> .H* ^/y My
house is opposite to the house of such a one ; facing
it, or fronting it ; and so »il> •! .x-»j ; (S ;) and

r f J 9 *

oj\> «U-*j. (L in art. c^4.)^_And >yUI ^y*

f^S &* \J* £>** (?) ani J*'3 $*+ (9»

and L in art. J~«,) The people built their houses,
or constructed their tents, after one mode, manner,
fashion, or form. (L in art. J-e».) as !UJU ^^j
A man wAo requites, compensates, or recompenses;
who gives much, or largely. (M, K.)

!>• j «»» .3 ( 4 #• j

OU-* ^^yi, and "^31, and T ^j3>«, and ^jy^~»,

[so I find it written, perhaps for £jy~+, which

may be a dial, vai . of oLa, like as a^3I^ is of
<cyi,] A mare desiring the stallion. (TA.)

£>»
1. 1»1, aor. ; (T, S, M, L,K) and -' and '- , (M,

L, K,) inf. n. aittl (T, S, M, L, K) and ^.Ul (M,

L, K) and hj\, (M,) or hfi, (L, K.) Jt (any-
thing) was, or became, much in quantity, abund-
ant, or numerous : and great, or /«jv/c : (M, L:)
i'< (herbage, or a herb,) wot, or became, abundant,
or plenteous, and tangled, or luxuriant ; (T, S, K;)
or abundant and tall : (M :) it (hair) iwi, or
became, abundant and long. (M, TA.)_-0«i1,

(M, K,) aor. i , inf. n. it, (M,) said of a woman,
She was, or became, large in the hinder parts.
(M,K.)

2. 4JL>I i7e murfc »r plain, level, smooth, toft,
or easy to lie or ride or walk upon. (M, K.)

5. w«jU He obtained, or acquired, goods,

household-goods, or furniture and utensils and the

like ; or abundance of the goodt, conveniences, or

coinfortt, of life; (S;) or property; (S, M ;) or

wealth; or what wot good. (M.)

I i • <

«1>I, fern, with • : see «i~3l, > n two jdaces.

«i>V3l Goods; or utensils and furniture of a
A.ouse or tent; household-goods; syn. cUU ; (T,
M;) or vi--j eUU; (S, Msb,K>) of w/iatever
kind; consisting of clothes, and stuffing for
mattresses or the liltc, or outer garments [<jr.] :
(M, TA :) or (so accord, to the M and K, but in
the T " also,") all property, (AZ, T, S, M, K,)
[consisting of] camels, and sheep or goats, and
slaves, and utensils and furniture or household-
goods : (AZ, T, S :) or abundant property : or
abundance of property : (M, TA :) [in which last
sense it is an inf. n. used as simple subst. :] or
what is made, or taken, for ute, and i. q. sU* ;
not what it for merchandise : or what is new, of
the utensils and furniture of a house or tent ; not
what is old and worn out : (TA :) [it is a coll.

3

18

gen. n., and] the n. un. is with S : (AZ, T, S,"M,
Msb, £ :) or it has no n. un. : (Fr, T, S, Msb,
£ :) if you form a pi. from «i>tf I, you say, i3^l5
2$\, [originally iiill, like iULl, pi. of >UV>,]
andt^&iJl. (Fr,T.)

wJl JlfucA tn quantity, abundant, or ?»/toc-

3 «
ro«» : and great, or Zar</e : as also ♦ «5>l ; (M,]£ ;)

which is, in my opinion, [says ISd, originally
w«>l,] of the measure ,_}*» : (M :) the (cm. is

ai^t: and the pi. is i>l5» andi«Sl5l; (M,K;*)
Im .tli being pis. of the masc. and of the fcm. ; (K ;)
or the latter is pi. of the fcm. only ; (M,* MF;)
hut the former is [pi. of the masc.,] like >»lj£> as
pi. of jaij&, (TA,) and is pi. of the fern. also.
(M.) You say, ^ol olJ Herbage, or a herb,
that is abundant, or plenteous, and tangled, or
luxuriant : (T, § :) or abundant and tall. (M.)
And w^Jl j»it Hair that is abundant, and
tangled, or luxuriant : (S :) or abundant (T, M) and
long. (M.) Andbtj\itL},ViTidl32\,Athick beard.
(M, TA.) And aj^l 5£l A fleshy woman : (M,
TA :) pi. w-Jl5l, (M,) signifying fleshy women ;
(S,M,£;) as also i»lj| : (M :) or the former of
these pis. signifies tall, full-grown, women. (K.)

^Ol t. q. ^>\i\, (K.,) i. e. The [three] stones
which are set up and upon which the coohing-pot
is placed : the [second] «i> is said to be a substi-
tute for >_», and some hold the hemzch to be aug-
mentative. (TA.)

» ft »<» t»«

1. je«Jt J» /jl, aor. * , inf. n.^Jl, J/e w<

nn incision in the foot of the camel [in order to
A/j«/i> aw/ /race <A« footprints'] ; as also " »jjl.
(M.) And ^oUl^jl He made a mark upon the
bottom of the earners foot with the iron instrument
culled ijlL» in order that the footprints upon
the ground might be known : (T, TT :) or he
scrajted the inner [i. e. under] part of the cameFs
foot with that instrument in order that the foot-
prints might be traced. (S.) — w~!Jl«JI ji\, (T,
S,M, A,&c.,)>^ill J*, (M,) aor. *'(S,M,Msb,
£) and : , (M.Kl,) inf. n. JSf (T, S, M, Msb, K)

and SjUl and ij$\, (M, K,) the lost from Lh, but
in my opinion, [says ISd,] it is correctly speaking

a Riilist., and syn. with SpU and Sjjle, (M,) He

related, or recited, the tradition, narrative, or

story, as received, or heard, from the people;

transmitted the narrative, or story, by tradition,

from the people : (T, S,* M, A, L, Msb,* $ :*) or

he related that wherein they had preceded [as

>" * til**
narrators : so I render a-i lyi-- 1»j V*^'. '"'-

lieving^ to have been inserted by a mistake of

a copyist in the M, and hence in the L also :] from

#)t. (M,L.) [See^l.] You say also, ii* ^1

w> J^JI, meaning He related, as heard from him,

what was false. (L, from a trad.) __ j5\, aor. '- ,

(M,) inf. n. jj\, (M,£,) also signifies Multum

inivit camelus camclam. (M, K.) amj+yi J>\,

nor. '- , He applied, or gave, his whole attention

to the thing, or affair, having his mind unoccupied
by ot/ier things. (K.) — <^\ ^ J\ He deter-
mined, resolved, or decided, upon the thing, or
affair. (T,K.) — tj>£>j IJ^ Jijl | c^l JuU,
(Lth,T,L,) inf. n. Jil and X (L.) J hare
assuredly purjmed to do such and such things.
(Lth, T, L.) — See also 4 And sec 10.

A ■*• • t,

*?, i"» '"'• "--K^ jS*i or »<> made, (Msb,)
or left, (M,K,) or touted to remain, (S,) an
imjrression, or a mark, or trace, upon him, or it,
(?»* M, Msb, K.*) It is said of a sword, [meaning
It made, or left, a mark, or scar, upon him, or
ft,] and in like manner of a blow. (T, TA.)
[Whence,] iSje. ^J, jil + [7/e scarred his honour].
(K. in art. c£».^.) You say also, ***■>• J-?'

^ J » « " «* • ;: *»■ .' ,} [Prostration in prayer made, or
/c/<, fl mark, or marks, upon his face and upon
hit forehead]. (T,*TA.) Sec also 1, first sentence.
—He, or it, made an impression, or produced
an effect, upon him, or it ; impressed, affected, or

influenced, him, or it. (The Lexicons jKissim.)

\& \j£* 'j$, (T, TT,) or *jiT, (K,) He, or it,
m/ide such a thing to be followed by such a thing.
(T,TT,K.»)

4: see 2, last sentence [Hence, app.,] »y\,

(As, T, M, Msb,) inf. n. ]\L\ , (As, T,) He pre-
ferred him, or ft. (As, T, M, Msb, TA.) You
say, <tJx »jj| He preferred him before him: so
in the Kur xii. 91. (As, M.) And C'jl Hffi
^_5~»j ^ji* [I preferred such a one before myself],

from jVLNI. (S.) And <m iUyT Si I hare pre-
ferred for thee it ; I hare preferred to give
thee it, ratker titan any other thing. (T.) And
t»*» J«j O'^' He preferred doing such a thing;

as also T^Jl, inf. n. J3l ; and^jl. (M.) ^Talso

signifies He chose, or elected, or selected. (K.)
— And »pi He honoured him; paid him honour.

(m,k:.')

5. ji\j It received an impression, or a mark, or
<r«<?c ; became impressed, or marked. (Msb.) _
He, or »r, liad an impression made, or an effect
produced, upon him, or it ; became impressed,
affected, or influenced. (The Lexicons passim.)
=: Sec also 8.

a J ' ' ' t

8. »j j jj>\, [written with the disjunctive alif
»j*mf},j and »«pU, He followed his footsteps : (M,
^L :) or oVrf M diligently, or perseveringly. (TA.)

10. ^Uj.f ^ jJU-l ; (ISk, S, K ;) and

jt f r» Jj'j n or. - ; (K ;) He chose for himself [in
preference to his companions] (ISk, >S,K) good
things, (K,) in partition, (TA ,) or good actions,
and qualities of t lie mind. (ISk, S.) And jjU-l
• Jyijg, (S,£,) or t{JL\, (Msb,) He had the
thing to himself, with none to sliare with him in
it : (S, Msb, K. :) and the former signifies he
appropriated the thing to himself exclusively , (M,
K,) ttjft jjlft in preference to another or others.

(M.) It is said in a trad., ijU : l li^ iilt liulf lil
<Uc When Ood appropriateth a thing to Himself
exclusively, then be thou diverted from it so as to

[Book I.

forget it. (M.) And one says, ^^ ii)Tj3u!l,
(and U*iL»,TA,) [God took such a one to Him-
self,] when a person has died and it is hoped that
he is forgiven. (S, M, A, K.)

■M

jj\, (AZ, T, S, A, L, K, &c.,) said by Yaakoob
to be the only form known to As, (S,) and ♦ J|,
which is a form used by poetic licence, (M, L,)
and tjji, (M,L,Iy,) and »^l, (M.) and t jjj,
which is in like manner a sing., not a pi., (T, L,)
and t Ipl, (El-Leblec,) and * jjl, (K,) The
dirrrsijied navy marks, streaks, or grain, ot a
sword; syn. J>j»; (As, T,S, M, A, L,K ;) and
J-J—J ; and i»-U>i ; (AZ, T ;) and its lustre, or
glitter: (M, L :) pi. [of the first] ]£\ : (T, M, L,

K:) the pi. of 5p is jjl. (F.l-Leblee.) Kliufiif
Ibn-Nudbch Ijs-Sulamee says, [describingswords,]

.iU

(jJJJ L»JL£> L»U-i.

[The furbis/iers polished them, and freed them
from impurities, making tliem light : each of them
preserving itself from the evil eye by means of its
lustre] : i. e., each of them opposes to thee its

<**jr ' «• : ^ tJ**^ '" il wntraction of iJLj ; and
the meaning is, when n person looks at them,
their bright nivs meet his eye, so that he cannot
continue to look at them. (L.)

•{J

jj\ The scar of a wound, remaining when the
latter has healed; (As, Sh,T,S, M, K ;) as also

♦^ (?>ls) and *Jj| : (Sh,T:) pi. JljT, though
properly jtfl, with kesr to the I ; [but why this is
said, I do not sec; for jUTis a regular pi. of all
the three forms of the sing. ;] and jyl may be

correctly used as a pi. (Hh, T, L.) A mark

made with a hot iron upon the inner [i. e. under]
part of a eumeVsfoot, by which to trace his Jiwt-

prints: (M,K:) pi. j^St. (M.) [See also 2j5l.]
_ Lustre, or brightness, of the face ; us also
* *jt\. (M, K.) __ Sec JJl. = Sec also JJl.

jj\ : sec jjl, in three places : and j$\ : __and

sec jj\, in two places. = Also, (S, M,K,) and

"jrfl, (M, K,) but the latter is disallowed by more
than one authority, (TA,) What is termed the
A^jU. [q. v.] ofclajified butter: (S, M, K :) or,
as some say, the milk when the clarified butter
has become separated from it. (M.) [Sec also
SjJi.]

jjl A remain, or relic, of a thing ; (M, Msb, K ;)
as of a house ; as also t i,Ul : (Msb :) a trace
remaining of a thing ; and of the stroke, or blow,

of a sword : (S :) see also ji\ : a sign, mark, or
trace ; opposed to the ^t, or thing itself: (TA.)
a footstep, vestige, or track ; a footprint ; the
impression, or mark, made bii the foot of a man
[.jr.] upon the ground; as also *jj1: and an
impress, or impression, of anything: (Fl-Wd'cc:)
pi. JviT (M, Msb, K) and J^l. (M, ly.) [The
sing, is also frequently used in a pi. sense : and
the former of these pis. is often used to signify
Remains, or monuments, or memorials, of anti-

Book I.]

quity, or of any past time.] It is said in a prov.,
t^fi jX •>' >^jL\ *$ I will not seek a trace, or
vestige, [or, as we rather say in English, a shadow,]
after suffering a reality, or substance, to escape
me : or, as some relate it, ^JlLj •$ seek not thou.
(Ifar pp. 120 and 174.) And one says, »J5l ifil £ii
[May Ood cut short his footsteps] : meaning
may Ood render him crippled : for when one is
crippled, his footsteps cease. (TA.) And jlJS
»j$\ J.f r] *$, and »JjI, Such a one, if asked, will
not tell thee truly whence he comes: (M in art.
Jj~o :) a prov. said of a liar. (TA.) And
c4->, (S, M,* K,) and JJ+, (El-Wa'ee, Msb,)
•J J>, and * »^5| ^y, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) the former
of which is said by more than one to be the more
chaste, (TA,) [but the latter seems to be the
more common,] and »j5\ ^i*, and * »pl ^^U,
(El-Wa'ee, Msb,) I went out, (S, &c.,) and I
came, (El-Wa'ee, Msb,) after him : (M, A, K :)
or at his heel: (Expos, of the Fs :) or following
near upon him, or hard upon him, or near
after him, or following him neatly : (Msb :) as
though treading in hisfootsleps. (El-Wd'ce.) And

0<J*3' \S* J" '■ 8ee J^' 0£0 — An impress or
impression, a mark, stamp, cliuracter, or trace,
in a Jig. sense; an effect. (The Lexicons passim.)

You say, Q--f ^ *~£U ^j* Upon his camels,
or slier]), or goats, is an impress of a good state, or
condition; of fatness, and of good tending; like
1^1. (TA in art. ***.) And ^J i ^\ k >l*J <Jl

<0U Verily he has the impress of a good state, or
condition, in his camels, or sheep, or goats; like
fj.^1 0-*> al "l vr*" - (TA ubi supra.) And
\J£o jj\ aJ* lie, or it, bears the mark, stamp,
character, or trace, of such a thing. (The Lexi-
cons passim.) _ [The pi.] jljl also signifies Signs,
or marks, set up to sliow the way. (K.) _— Also
the sing., »*. q. y\, q. v. (M, L.) — Also t. q. j*±-
[both of which words are generally held to be
syn., as meaning A tradition, or narration relating
or describing a saying or an action <)'r., of Mo-
hammad] : (M, K :) or, accord, to some, the former
signifies wliat is related as received from [one or
more of] the Coniftanions of Mohammad ; (T A ;)
but it may also be applied to a saying of the
Prophet; (Kull p. 152;) and the latter, what is
from Mohammad himself; (TA ;) or from another;
or from him or another : (Kull p. 152 :) or the
former signifies i. q. «U* [a practice or saying, or
the practices and sayings collectively, of Mo-
hammad, or any other person wko is an authority
in matters of religion, namely, any prophet, or a
Companion of Mohammad, as Itatuled down by
tradition]: (S,A:) pi. Jl3T. (S,M.) You say,
jj"^l ^J <Oj*r-3 [I found it in the traditions of
the practices and sayings of the Prophet ; &c] :
and jtf^t rt.tf ij* ,j*^i [Such a one is of those
who bear in their memories, knowing by heart, the
traditions of the practices and sayings of the

Prophet; &c.]. (A.) A man's origin; as in

tbe sayings, ^jl ^1 *) i£j-*i Uiitl not known
where was his origin ; and jj\ U 4] \JjJ-i m It
is not known what is his origin. (Ks, Lh, M.)_

J*

The term, or period, of life: so called because it
follows life : (Msb, TA :) or from the same word
as signifying the print of one's foot upon the
ground; because when one dies, his footprints
cease to be seen. (TA.)__[For the former of
these two reasons,] ^«*JUI in the Kur xxxvi. 11
means The rewards and punishments of their good

and evil lives. (M, L.)™,0l is also a pi. of jO,
q. v. ; formed by transposition from j$l. (Yaa-
koob, and M in art. jtf .)

jj\ A man wlio chooses for himself [in preference
to his companions] (ISk, S, M, K) good things,
(K,) in partition, (M, TA,) or good actions, and
qualities of the mind; (ISk, S;) as also * jj\.
(M,K.) "

ji\: seejjl.

jj\ : sccjjt, in two places : — and see^il.

•'fg *' ;«

e^il : see ijUl.

\Ji\ : see ifo.—A mark which is made by
the Arabs of the desert upon the inner [i. e. under]

# * if*

part of a camels foot ; as also * jyl3, and, accord.
# {• j j "*l j *i*

to some, *jy>»; whence one says, *jjj\ C«jIj,

and ▼ »jyy>, I saw the place of his footsteps upon

the ground : (M :) or the abrasion of the inner

[i. c. under] part of a camels foot with the in-

strument of iron called SjLLc and jy*p, in order
that his footprints may be traced. (S.) [See

also y\.] See also jj\ And see »pu.__

Preference. (A.) You say, »jj\ (_Jju* <jJ He
has a preference in my estimation. (A.) And
j~»*$\ «*ic Sy\ j j yk He has a preference in the
estimation of the prince, or commander. (A.)

And 0$ £* <fi >J O'U, (TA,) or t S^'l, (T,)
Such a one is a favourite with such a one. (T, TA.)

See also iy\, in two places j~j I ^i spt : see

jj\. == Hearth, scarcity, drought, or sterility,

(w"^- [' n 1 ' 1C ^^S vj^-li) «"^ «" unjdeasant
state or condition. (M, K.)

SjJl : see »pi. ^_U iy\ : see jJl.

•'r<

• I*

Sjjl : see Sjtf I. — A subst. [signifying The
a]rpropriation of a thing or things to oneself ex-
clusively : the having a thing to oneself, with none

mi '%*m

to share with him in it :] from s^j^JW _pU-«l. (S,

M.) And, as also *ljjl and *S^t and T vj?jil, The
choice for oneself [in preference to his companions]
of good things, (M,* K,* TA,) in partition; (M,
TA ;) the choice and preference of the best of
things, and taking it, or them, for oneself: (TA :)

the pi. of the second is y\. (TA.) You say,
lji\ ^ ».U.I, and * jp "^, [&c.,] ITe iooA it
without a choice and preference of the best of the
things, and the taking the best for himself. (T, TA.)
And a poet says,

[-4»wi J «oi<f to him, O wolf, hast thou a desire
for a brother who will share without choice of

19

the best things for himself in preference to thee,
and without niggardness?]. (M, TA.) See also

0ft •-;« . ,

jjjPl : see »jj\, in two places.

LSI : see Jl. — [That makes a large footprint,

•' J *■ *

or the like.] You say, »^>t a^j A beast that makes

a large footprint upon the ground with its hoof,

(AZ, S, M, |C,) or with its soft foot, such as that

of the camel. (AZ, S. ) A man possessing power

0J00I %0 A t

and authority ; honoured : pi. i\jj\ : fem. ijt*\.

(M.) — \Jjt?* O^* Such a one is my particular

friend : (S, J£ :) or is the person whom I prefer.

(A.) rf£i jm» jti\ tfj<S Such a one is a favourite

' ' ' t.0, .u

with such a one. (T.) — j«3l ^i j5\, and Jj»

X$\ ^J, &c: seeJjT. — J^Jl j^ l^, [A thing
very abundant, copious, or numerous] : ^Jl is here
an imitative sequent, (S, K,*) like j^. (S.) =
^3*91 [0 aldtjp, The ether;] tlie ninth, which is the
greatest, sphere, which rules over [all] the other
spheres : [said to be] so called because it affects
the others (»^fc Ji j5ji). (MF.) [It is also
called iriL^t Jiii, and JijJa\ jXii ; and is said

■* • j J -0-

to be next above that called ^jOI Mi.]

JjU* : see *y\. You say, ^l5? <j* Jv^l "i^,

(S, M,») or^Ll o- iju'l ^, (A,) The camels
acquired fat, upon, or after, remains of fat. (S,
M,* A.) And i)t> JJ »j\i\ ^J* ^.ai He became
angry the more, liaving Itccn angry before that.
(Lh, M.) And ^-i* iJlJl JS i^i ^J^
Such a one angered me when anger yet remained
in me. (A.) And J* '±y> Sjtfl, and t ifi, (T, S,

M, K,) and * tyA, (M, K,) or * tfi, (T,) the first
of which is the most approved, (M,) and is [ori-
ginally] an inf. n., [see •&*»■•*) jS,] (T,) signify
A remain, or relic, of knowledge, (Zj, T, S, M, K,
and Jel in xlvi. 3 of the Kur,) transmitted, or
handed down, (K, Jel,) from the former genera-
tions : (Jel :) or wliat is transmitted, or handed
down, of knowledge : (Zj, M :) or somewhat trans-
mitted from the writings of the former genera-
tions : (TA :) by the knowledge spoken of [in the
Kur ubi supra] is meant that of writing, which
was given to certain of the prophets. (I 'Ab.)

ji\ One who relates, or recites, a tradition,

narrative, or story, or traditions, &c.c.,as received,

or heard, from another, or others ; a narrator

thereof. (T,S,»L.) The saying of 'Omar, on his

beinc forbidden by Mohammad to swear by his

b t , 00 » - • •' • ' ,. ,

father, \y\ *$% 1^>l> *rf CAU. U, means / did

not swear by him uttering (the oath) as proceeding
in the first instance from myself, nor rej>eating
(it) as heard from another particular person.
(A'Obeyd,T,S,TA.)_lI ijtf li* ji*l, (IAar,
T,S,K,) and \jj\ withoxit U, (IAar, T,) and
tjjl ^±jj\, (S,K,) mean I will do this the fist
of every thing. (S, K.*) And in like manner,
after «4*J [I met him, or it], one says, U ij}\, [and

♦j^ t5i J 3 '-] and f ^' & $> ( M »^-) and
1 w - - t0'

20

^ Oli '/\, (M,) or ^j*' Oli, (K,) and

S*<* L$*» ( IAar » M » K and f ^' L$* 5^i a" 1 * 1
♦ ^f ^i t #1, (5,) and » ^1 jji j£ (M, as

from Lh,) or * Oi)*A} l£* * >', (K,) and
t ^{ ,Ji tjjl , and tS * SjJl : (Lh, M, K :) or,
as some say, " ^*>>l signifies the. daybreak, or
dawn ; and '^3! ji, <A« fiW tfoweo/. (M, TA.)
Fr says that U \j?\ lj^ UA and t ~Jt .m Jjf,

and *^i i<i j£\, signify Sewn tAow »»i<A this
first of every thing. (TA.) One says also, «Uj6I,
U l>l, (T, M,TA,) and U ♦ #J, (M,TA,)
meaning Do thou it [at least], if thou do nothing
else : (T, M, TA :) or, as some say, do thou it in
preference to another thing, or to other thing* :
U being redundant, but [in this case] not to be
omitted, because [it is a corroborative, and] the
meaning of the phrase is, do thou it by choice, or
preference, and with care. (M,TA.) Mbr says
that the phrase U \jj\ IJjk J*, means Take thou
this in preference; i. c., I give it thee in pre-
ference ; as though one desired to take, of another,
one thing, and had another thing offered to him
for sale : and U is here redundant. (T, TA.)

j^U : see Sj5l.

?'i«.

jyyj : see *j$\, in two places : and see *ji£*, in

two places.

l/u (T, S, M, K, &c.) and XjL (S, M, K) and

" ijj\ (M, K) A generous quality or action; (AZ,
S j) so called because related, or handed down, by
generation from generation : (S :) or a generous
quality that is inherited by generation from gene-
ration: (M,K:) a generous quality, or action,
related, or handed down by tradition from, one's
ancestors : (A :) a cause of glorying : (AZ :) and
precedence in ^ m [or grounds of pretension to
respect, ice] : pi. of the first and second, JjU.
(AZ,T.)

ijl~» and " jyyi An iron instrument (S, M, K)
with which the bottom of a camel's foot is marked,
in order that his footprints upon the ground may
be known :. (M :) or, with which the inner [i. e.
under] part of a camel's foot is scraped, in order
that his footprints may be traced : (S, K :) or
* jj3£i lias a different meaning, explained above,
voce ljj\. (M.) The ijle* of a horse's saddle is
without hems. (S.)

jji U A camel having a mark made upon the
bottom of his foot with the iron instrument called
fjZ— », in order that his footprints upon the ground
may be known : (T :) or having the inner [i. e.
under] part of his foot scraped with that instru-
ment, in order that his footprints may be traced.
(?.)— A sword having in its ^JU [or broad side,
or the. middle of the broad side, of tlie blade,]
diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain, or lustre
or glitter : (M, K : [in some copies of the latter
of which, instead of^Jl, I find *y\ :]) or having its
tfU of female, or soft, iron, and its edge of male
iron, or steel: (K:) or that is said to be of the
fabric of the jinn, or genii; (8, M,K;») and not
from y •$, as signifying jJyUt : (S, M :) so says As :

(S :) [ISd says,] jyU is in my opinion a pass,
part. n. that has no verb : (M :) or it signifies an
ancient sword, which has passed by inheritance
from great man to great man. (A.) — A tradi-
tion, narrative, or story, handed down from one to
another, from generation to generation. (T, S, A.)

Ji\

■aft, aor.;, (T,S,M,

1. jjJUl out : see 2

K,) inf. n. J$\, (T, M,) He followed him. (Ks,
T, S, M, K.) — He drove away, or drove away
and pursued closely, or hunted, him ; syn. »j>Ji>.
(Ibn-'Abbad, K\) — He sought, or sought after,
or pursued after, him, or it : in which sense the
aor. is - , (AA, K,) and - also. (So in some copies
of the 1J.)

2. jJiUI jtfl, (T,S, M,K,) inf. n. J^fe, (S,K,)
He put the cooking-pot upon the ij*^' [pi- °f
M», q. v.] ; (T,« S, M,» K ;) as also t l^jf,
(M, TA,) inf. n. JS\ ; (TA ;) or * \£\, (so in
some copies of the K in art. ^Ju,) inf. n. wilLl ;
(TA in that art. ;) the first of which is a dial. var.
of UUJ, inf. n. ;£& ; (S ;) and t UUjt, whence
iu5>JJi. (M.)'

4 : see 2.

J » -it.

5. jjJUl CgbU The cooking-pot was put upon

the ^131. (TA.) as iy?U They surrounded him,
or it : (S, K :•) they became around him, or it,
like the i^jl [or rather like the ^tf\] : (M :)
they collected themselves together around him, or
it. (A, TA.)__o^l *J&> (T, S, K:,) or J&\,
(M,) He (a man, S) kept to the place; (T,£;)
remained in it; (M;) did not quit it. (AZ, T,
S, M.)_<uuU also signifies He followed after
him, and pressed or importuned him, and ceased
not to incite him. (T, 1£.) In my opinion, [says
Az,] this is not in any way derived from «u*u"n)I ;
but from J*.y t cJul, meaning " I followed the

man." (T.) And £fo ^J* tytfo They aided,

or assisted, one another to do, or accomplish, the
thing, or affair. (M, L.)

Q. Q. 1. jjJUl" ^.JLl : see 2. [But accord, to

* IS 4 '1* !*

Az, in the T, ^Juyi, as aor. of <J iu\, is ^jii* re-
duced to its original form ; and the like is said in
the S and M in art. ji5. If this be the case,

i\juy,, q. v., may be »\m1» reduced in the same
manner, i. e., to its original form.]

Uu\ [probably a mistake for f out] Continuing,

permanent, constant, firm, or established: (K,

TA :) so in the Mohect. (TA.) Also, (K., and

so in a copy of the S,) or * «Ju1, [agreeably with

analogy, and therefore more probably the correct

form,] (so in other copies of the S and in the T,)

Following. (Ks, T, S, $.)

• - °l *s *

iUul and iJut [the former of which is the more

common, and this only I find in copies of the T,]
The stone [which is one of the three] whereon the
cooking-pot is placed : (A'Obeyd, M, K :) it is,
with the Arabs, a stone like the head of a man : (T :)

the pi. is Jyu'l and w&l ; (T, S, [in which latter

[Book I.

it is written differently in different copies, with

i -« -t

the article prefixed, .j*^! and (^iU^I, but in

both manners in art. ^y^,] M,K;) the latter

being allowable; (T •) or, accord, to Akh, the

latter only is used by <he Arabs ; (M ;) applied

to the three stones mentioned above : (TA in art.

xi-» ; &c. :) upon these the cooking-pot is set up ;

but what is of iron, having three legs, is not

called Ciu\, but ^L» ; (T ;) [and this is what

is meant by ju j*- ^y» ijj I in art. %i-> in the K ;]
i. e. an iron trivet upon which a cooking-pot is
set up. (TA in art. y~«a.'.) xJu\ may be of the
measure <ujJjo [from ol»I], and it may be of
the measure ii*as\ [from ^Ju ; in either case

originally iCyjl]. (A,L.) ^U^l ilJli signifies
The part, not detached, of a mountain ; by the
side of which, two pieces are put [for the cooking-
pot to be set thereon]. (A'Obeyd, T, K.) And
hence the saying, (A'Obeyd, T,) iii\^ lif ilij
^t&l (A'Obeyd, T, K) May God smite him
with the mountain ; meaning, J with a calamity ;
(Th, TA, K in art. ^j ;) with a calamity like the
mountain [in greatness] ; (Th, M ;) for when they
do not find the third of the ^yUl, they rest the
cooking-pot [partly] upon the mountain : (M, K,
in art. ,Jw :) or, with difficulties, or troubles, or
calamities : (As, T :) or, with all evil; evils being
likened to one i-*j! after another, and the third
being the last : (T, K :) so says Aboo-Sa'ccd :
(T :) or, with the last of evil ; and the last of
everything hateful : ( AO in Har p. 84 :) or,
with a great calamity. (Har ib.) One says also,
^0*91 »UJL» (J'ili, meaning t Such a one is the
heaviest? most burdensome, or meet troublesome, of
the people. (Har ubi supra.)—. [Hence also,]
.jiO'iJt is a name applied to f certain stars [accord,
to Ideler, as mentioned by Frcytag in his Lex.,
the stars <r and r and v Draconis] over against
the head of the jjS ; which is the name of certain
stars disposed in a round form. (AHat, K.)
[Also] a name given by the vulgar to t [The three
chief stars in the constellation called] JjW^-" [>• c.
Lyra]. (Kzw.)__Thc sing., (K,) i. e. each of
the two forms thereof, hut written in the copies of
the S with damm [only], (TA in art. ■.»«,) or
[only] the latter, with kesr, (M, and so in the K
in art. ,J»S,) olso signifies + A number, (M,) or
a great number, (K, and so in the S in art. iJu,)
and a company, or congregated body, of men :

(M, K :) pi. as above. (M.) You say, s^e.^jk

* ' - f * H

»jk»-1j iUbi t [They are against him one band].

(TA.) And iUi*. i^iil u^* ^ O* C-e*J
Tlicre remained of the sons of such a one a great
number. (S in art. ^&.)

«.- *.t . ,

out : see >Ju\, in two places.

\Jiy» t Short, broad, plump, and fleshy. (K.)
__ And, with », J A woman whose husband has
two wives beside her ; she being the third of them:
they being likened to the ^j*l>l of the cooking-
pot (M.) [See also »Ui», in art. ^ytf.)

iMktyt jjJ A cooking-pot put upon the ^wl

Book I.]

[pi. ofi^iul, q. v.]. (M,and K in art l »*j : in
some copies of the latter, i\i£$+.) [See Q. Q. 1.]

JXJl

JtfJl and J^J\ i. q. Ilj^A [A frvit-ttalk of
the raceme of a palm-tree, upon which are the
date*] ; like Jl£* and jy^J* : the hemzeh in
each is a substitute for e ; but by J [and others]
it is held to be augmentative, and the words are
mentioned in art. J£j, q. v. (TA.)

JJl

eft • 'I

1. JJl, aor. ; , inf. n. Jyl, It (anything, M)
had, or came to have, root, or a foundation ; or it
wax, or became, Jirm, or established, and firmly
rooted or founded ; as also ♦ JJ13. (M,K.)_
Also, inf. n. as above, It (dominion) wax, or
became, great ; (TA ;) and so ♦ the latter verb.

(M,K.») And JjI, inf. n. aj'tf'l, said of high

rank, or nobility, It wax, or became, old, of
ancient origin, or of long standing. (TA.)^See
also 5.

2. '*£\, (M, K,) inf. n. jjii, (S, K,) He made
it (his wealth, or property, M, K, and so applied
it is tropical, TA) to Itave root, or a foundation ;
or to become firm, or established, and firmly rooted

or founded ; syn. iiil. (S,» M, K.) He

(God, T, M,* TA) made it (a man's dominion,
T, M, K) to be, or become, firm, firmly established,
stable, or permanent : (T :) or great : (M, K :)
and he (a man) made it (a thing) lasting, or per-
manent. (TA.) IAar cites the following verse,

UiJI Js. ^*£> JJ£J

[app. meaning A'onft mwU oW/ye me to make
payment, or the like, (as though establishing
against me the duty of doing so,) but my Lord
changes their actions,] explaining it by saying,
i. e. ^Ujij ; but (ISd says,) I know not how
this is. (M.) — He (God, M) made it (a man's
wealth, or property,) to increase ; or put it into
a good, or right, state, or condition ; syn. «l£=>j.
(M, K.)_JU-^ *3jI I multiplied him [meaning
his party] by men. (TA.) — 0*J*\ 4x* «iijl
J collected against him the debts. (TA.)__
aUI JjI //« rW his family with the most excel-
lent of clothing: (M :) or he clad them (M,K)
with th? most excellent of clothing, (K,) and did
good to them, or acted well towards them. (M, K.)
■"JjI, [used intransitively,] (M,K,) inf. n. as
above, (TA,) He (a man, K) became abundant
in his wealth, or property. (M, K.)

5. JJVJ : see 1, in two places. _ Also It (a
thing) became collected together. (K.)__2f«
took for himself, got, or acquired, what it termed
iUI, i. e. Sft* [meaning victuals, or provision] ;

(M,K;) JuX- JJv [ofter want]. (M.) .ffe

took for himself, got, or actjuired, a source, stock,
or fund, ( J-el,) of wealth, or property. (S, TA.)
— And ^JU JJU if« collected, or gained, or
tfcyutred, waaM, or property, (M, K,) and too*

utfl-^l

ft /or himself: (M :) [said in the TA to be
tropical :] or he collected wealth, or property, and
took it for himself, or got it, or acquired it, as a

source, stock, or fund: (Mgh :) and *5)U * JJl,

i*i j —*

inf. n. JjJl, signifies the same as aJl5U. (TA.)__

^Ul OybUj ^»* 7%*y taAe JlJl, i. e. wealth, or
property, from men. (TA.) __ l^i* JjD Sis dug
a well (T, S, M, 1£)for himself. (T, TA.)

JjI A kind of treet ; (8, K ;) a *pect« o/ tAe
»ttjl» [or tamarisk ; so applied in the present day;
termed by Forskal (Flora Aeg. Arab. p. lxiv.)
tamarix orientalis] ; (S, TA ;) or a kind of trees,
(T, M,) or a certain tree, (Mgh,) resembling the
Mjie, (T, M, Mgh,) except that it is of a better
kind, (T,) or except that it is larger, and better
in its wood, (M,) of which are made yellow and
excellent [vessels of the kind called] *>ljit, and of
which was made the Prophet's pulpit ; it has thick
stems, of which are made doors and other things ;
and its leaves are of the kind called Jh*, like those of
the Sijb : (TA :) AHn says, on the authority of
Aboo-Ziyad, that it is of the kind termed oUkt,
tail, and long in its wood, which is excellent, and
is carried to the towns and villages, and the clay
houses of these are built upon it ; [app. meaning
that its wood is used in forming the foundations
of the walls ;] its leaves are of the kind called
w>jdk, [syn. with J-*,] long and slender, and it
has no thorns ; of it are made [bowls of the kinds
called] cLai and ^jU»- ; and it has a red fruit,
like a knot of a rope : (M :) or a kind of large
trees, having no fruit : (Msb :) or t. q. Aijir,
having no fruit : (Bd in xxxiv. 15 :) n. un. with

S ; (S, M, Msb, K ;) explained in the A as the

" * *
if+~* [or gum-acacia tree] : or a tall, straight

[tree such as is termed] i»U»£, of which are made
the like of r \jZ\: (TA :) the pi. [of JJl] is Jy'l

(S,$,TA(in the

(M, $) and [of iWl] O^jI.

Cl£ O^J'l].) [See also 4UI, below.]

JU JjI Such a one is a collector of wealth, or
property

(Ibn-'Abbad.)

lift n. un. of JJl, q. v. (S, M, &c.) Because
of the tallness of the tree thus called, and its erect-
ness, and beauty of proportion, the poets liken
thereto a woman of perfect stature and erect form.
(M.) — Metaphorically, (Msb,) J Honour, or
reputation ; or grounds of pretension to respect
on account of the honourable deeds or qualities of
one's ancestors, &c. ; syn. \jbj* ; (Msb, TA ;)
or yl i fr . (S, O, ]£, TA.) So' in the saying,
UJul c—».:^ sjyj, OffC«fc ij, (S accord, to different
copies, and so in the O, but in the copies of the
^, incorrectly, UjjI ^ <L*Jj, TA,) J Suck a
one speaks evil of, (S, O,) or impugns, or speaks
against, (Tf.,) our honour, or reputation, &c.

(S, O, K.) And «Hjt O^J J He detracted from
kis reputation ; spoke against him ; impugned his
character; censured him; blamed him. (A, Msb.)

" tit > ' *' * \» _

And 4j>jl c «^ a ^Jyi I [Suck a one's grounds
of pretension to respect, &c, are impugned].
(TA.) And «&5t C^LS "j '^ \ He has not any
vice, or fault, nor any imperfection, or defect.
(Msb.) — The root, foundation, origin, source,

21

stock, or the like, syn. Jil ; (T, S, M, Mgh, K ;)
of a thing, and of a man; (T;) of anything; (M;)
[a source, stock, or fund,] of wealth, or property :

(Mgh, TA :) pi. Jl5l. (#.) So in the saying,
JU 5JlSI 4} [He has a source, or stock, or fund,
of wealth, or property]. (TA.)^ Victuals, or
provision ; syn. S^». (M, K.) — — The goods,
furniture, and utensils, of a house or tent ; as
also ♦ iiil. (M, K.*) — Apparatus, accoutre-
ments, implements, or the like. (Ibn-'Abbad, K.)
So in the saying, iulil iiil oji-l [/ took the
apparatus, &c., of, i. e. for, the winter]. (Ibn-
'Abbad.)

ibl : see 4JUI, near the end.

J13I, (T, S, M,) with fet-h, (S,) or Jv5l, with
damm, (Mgh,) or both, (K,) I Olory, honour,
dignity, nobility, or high rank. (AA, T, S, M,

Mgh,?:.) You say, Jlil iilfe Jul 2 \ He has
glory, or honour, &c, as though it were the
mountain called Othdl. (TA.) [But the next
signification seems to be here more appropriate.]
__ t Wealth, or property. (Mgh.)

jej I A place of growth of trees of the kind called

Jljl [perhaps a mistranscription for JJl] : men-
tioned by Th, from IAar. (T.) be Abundant, and

luxuriant, or long, hair. (T A.) — See also Jj£*>
in two places.

JjI: see J->y*.

*?"
JJ^* Having root, or a foundation ; or firm,

or established, and firmly rooted or founded: (S:)

or having a permanent source, or firm foundation:

(Munjid of Kr :) or of old foundation or origin :

or collected together so as to [become stable or

permanent, or] have root or a foundation : (T :)

or old ; of ancient origin ; or of long standing :

(M, TA:) or permanent: (IAar:) J applied to

glory, honour, dignity, nobility, or high rank;

(T, Kr, S, M, TA ;) and so ▼ JeJ* : (S, TA:) and
to wealth, or property: (Kr, S:) and to anything;
(T, M ;) and so ♦ j\j|, and * J5& : (M :) and * Jtf,
also, has the first of these significations, applied to
dominion. (T.) —Prepared, disposed, arranged,
or put into a right or good state. (AA.)

JjU* : see Jj>*. — Also Taking for oneself,
getting, or acquiring, a source, stock, or fund,
(J-ol,) of wealth, or property : (S, TA :) or col-
lecting wealth, or property, (T, Mgh,) and taking
it for oneself, or getting it, or acquiring it, as a
source, stock, or fund. (Mgh.) So in a trad, on
the subject of a charge respecting the orphan,

•^U JjU* 'j£ a)U ±yt J^»W [-Hie may eat of his
wealth, or property, not taking for himself a
source, stock, or fund, of wealth, or property : or,
not collecting &c] : (T, S, Mgh :*) or, accord, to
Bkh, not acquiring abundance of wealth : but
the former explanation is more correct lexically.
(Mgh.)

1. JjI, (Lth, S, M, &c.,) aor. '- , (Lth, M, Msb,
K,) inf. n.^ail , (S, K,) or^Jl, the former being a
simple subst, (Msb,) and JiU, (S, K,) He fell

22

into what is termed jgt\ [i. e. a tin, or crime, tec] ;
(Lth, T, 8, M, Msb,» K» ;) [he tinned; committed
a tin, or crime;] he did what was unlawful:

(M,*K:) and *^J0 signifies the same as ^»l :
(K :) it may be either an inf. n. of ♦ J^\, which
[says ISd] I have not heard, or, as Sb holds it to
be, a simple subst. like C - . r 3 : (M :) and is said
to be used in the sense of ^1 in the Kur Iii. 23
[and lvi. 24]. (TA.) [It should be added also,
that * JCtf, like v'J&j " "yn. with ^J\3 and
j£\ ; and, lilce^JU, may be an inf. n. of t^Jl, or
p. simple subst. : sec an ex. voce Jjjj^.] In the
iial. of some of the Arabs, the first letter of the
iior. is with kesr, as in^JLju and JUi ; and as the

• f * #

hemzeh in^l is with kesr, the radical hemzeh [in
the aor.] is changed into ^ ; so that they say

^land^tforvTand^'d.] (TA.) In the saying,

the meaning is, [Shouldst thou say, thou would*/
not tin, or do wrong, in so saying,] There it not,
among her people, any one who excels her [in
grounds of pretention to respect, and in imprest, or
character, of beauty]. (M.)a=IJ^» ^ i&T i^fi,
aor. '- (8,K) and ; , (S,) or '-, (K,)'but there
is no other authority than the K for this last, nor
is there any reason for it, as the medial radical
letter is not faucial, nor is the final, and in the
Iktitaf el-Azahir the aor. is said to be -, and - ,
(MF, TA,) [Ood reckoned him to have sinned,
or committed a crime or the like, in such a thing ;
or] God reckoned such a thing against him as an
Ju (8, K :) or i$, aor. - (Fr, T, M, Msb)
and ' , (Msb,) inf ; n. JJfl (Fr, T, Msb) and Jul
(Fr,T,TA) and>l3l, (Fr,TA,)2fr (God) re-
quited him, (Fr, T,) or punished him, (M,) for
what it termed^}] [i. e. tin, or crime, Sec.] : (Fr,
T, M :) [see also >0l below :] or he (a man)
pronounced him to be ^J\ [i. c. a tinner, or the
like] : (Msb :) [or] * £>\, aor. i^', has this last
signification, said of God ; and also signifies

He found him to be to. (T.) You say also,

J/^)l i»UI <^S\, aor. , , inf. n. J$, The she-
camel wot tlow. (M.)

«• *$, (8,Msb,K,) inf. n.jja, (Msb,K,)
He taid to him O^l [Thou hatt fallen into a tin,
or crime, tec; hatt tinned, tec]. (8, Msb,K.)
sb See also 1, first and second sentences.

4. a*31 He made him, or caused him, to fall
into what it termed^ [i. e. a tin, or crime, Sec.],
(Zj, 8, M, K,) or what it termed ^Jy (Msb.)_
See also 1, last sentence but one.

5. Jfo He ah stained from what it termed ^\
['• ••JjfhJK crime, tec]; (T, S, M, Msb, K;)
like £j*~J meaning "he preserved himself from
what is termed l^tl :" (Msb :) or he did a work,
or deed, whereby he escaped from what it termed
^\ '• (TA :) and he repented of what it to termed,
(M, K,) and begged forgiveness of it; as though
he removed the ^1 itself by repentance and by

begging forgiveness ; or sought to do so by those
two means. (M.) You say also, lis* &* ^J5b
He abstained from suck a thing at a tin, or
crime; syn. S^3, q. v. (S,K, in art. »*«•..)

^1 [accord, to some, an inf. n. ; sce^Jt : accord,
to others, only a simple subst, signifying] A tin,
a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of dis-
obedience, syn. .^jj, (S, M, Msb, K,) for which
one deserves punishment; differing from ^i
inasmuch as this signifies both what is intentional
and what is unintentional : (Kull :) or [so accord,
to the M, but in the K " and,"] an unlawful deed :
(M, K :) or a deed which retards from recompense :
or, accord, to Fr, what is exclusive of the [punish-
ment termed] S*~ : accord, to Er-Raghib, it is a
term of more general import than o'i«** '• (TA :)
tJrTU [which is originally an inf. n. of ^Jt] is
syn. with J5l ; (T,* Mgh ;) and so, too, is t'JlO'i,
(Msb,) or T >Ul, signifying a deed retarding
recompense : (TA :) the pi. of J3l is >Uf ; (M :)
and the pi. of t^Uis^JU. (T.)__ [Sometimes
it is prefixed to a noun or pronoun denoting its
object : — and sometimes it means f The punish-
ment of a tin Sec : see explanations of a passage

in the Kur v. 32, voce &] I Wine: (Aboo-

Bekr El-Iyadee, T, S, M, K :) sometimes used in
this sense; (8;) but tropically; not properly:
(IAmb :) I think, [says ISd,] because the drinking
thereof is what is thus termed. (M.) — [And for
a like reason,] f Contention for stakes, or wagert,
in a game of liazard ; syn.jUJ; (M, K;) which
is a man's destruction of his property. (M.) It
is said in the Kur [ii. 216, respecting wine and
the game called^4iJI], iiUi j-i^St Ce* Ji
,j-UJ [Say thou, In them both are great tin and
meant of profit to men] : and Th says, when they
contended in a game of this kind, and won, they
gave food and alms, and these were means of
profit (M.)

• -* #j

>ol: see^l Also The requital, or recom-
pense, of ^1 [i. e. its, or crime, &c] : (T, S, M,
Msb :) so says Zj, (T, M,) and in like manner
say Kh and Sb : (T :) or punishment (Yoo, Lth,
T, M, $) thereof: (Lth, T, M :) and t^Ul and
»^U signify the same ; (M, £ ;) the latter like
jjul*. (TA. [In the CK1 this is written^JU.])
So in the £ur [xxv. 08], UUl JJb [He shah find
a requital, or recompense, or a punishment, of sin] :
(T, §, M :) in my opinion, [says ISd,] the correct
meaning is, he shall find the punishment ofjt\f\
[or tint] : but some say, the meaning is that which
here follows. (M.)_ A valley in Hell. (M,J£.)

>UI: seeJ15l:— and>IUl.

• n • ■« • *

>>*! : see^l ; and^f.

jtei\ : see^.1 Also A great, or habitual, liar;

or one who lies much; and so T >yl. (K.) So
in the Kur ii. 277 : or it there signifies Burdened
withjs\ [or tin, Ice]. (TA.) In the Kur xliv. 44,
it means, accord, to Fr, The unrigkteout, or
sinning; like ^ j£\ : (T :) or the unbeliever:
(TA :) or, accord, to Zj, in this instance, (M,) by
the^Jl is meant Aboo-Jahl. (M, K.) ■■ Also

[Book I.

The commission ofj£\ [tin, or crime, tec,] much,
or frequently; and so t ii^l. (M, $.)

!' J * J

see^l.

Jtff:

jj\ Falling into what is termed j,t\ [i. e. a tin,
or crime, tec] ; (S, Msb,* K ;*) [sinning ; com-
mitting a tin, or crime;] doing what it unlawful:
(K :) and in like manner, (8, Msb, K,) but having
an intensive signification, (Msb,) ♦ j^\, and
t *f$ % (8, M, M f b, K,) and tjllli : (M, M?b, K :
[in the CK, erroneously, without teshdeed :]) the
pi. of the first of these three is iUit ; that of the
second, ^j\ ; and that of the third, 0>*^'- (M.)

See also^l i^T, (S,) and ol^T, (S,M,£,

[in the CK, erroneously, ol*5l.]) A she-camel,
(8,) and she-camels, tlow, or tardy ; (8, M, K ;)
weary, fatigued, or jaded. (K. [In die CK, we
find oLjjt* erroneously put for -:\ t wt]) Some
pronounce it with O. (Sgh.) [In like manner,]
T >»Jl>» signifies That is slack, or slow, in pace, or
going; ^-Jl ^i v-*£i iJJM- (Sgh, K. [In Go-
lius's Lex., as from tlio K, ^_Jt w.JJo ^JJI.
Both are correct, signifying the same.])

•if' •$ , • '•

_^jU : sce^l, in two places : — and sce>Ul.

• A.

>yU [Reckoned to have sinned, or the like;]

having a thing reckoned against him at an ^5l :
(S :) or requited for wltat it termed _Ji\. (Fr, T.)

^I>: see^l.

Oil

^wl and ^Uat : seo art ^J.

.1

1. jUI c^.1, (8, A, Msb,) aor. '- (8, Msb) and
- , (M, TA,) [the former contr. to analogy, and
the latter agreeable therewith, in the case of
an intrans. verb of this class,] inf. n. m*>I,

(8, A, Msb, K,) The fire burned, burned up,
burned brightly, or fiercely, (Msb,) blazed, or
flamed, or blazed or flamed fiercely ; (S, A,
Msb, K ;) as also ▼ C^fo (8, A, K) and
T ■-■» V . ' l [written with the disjunctive alifc^.^1] :
(S, K : ) or made a sound by its blazing or flaming.
(ISd,TA.) — £', aor. '- , (S,Ki &c.,) contr. to
analogy, (TA,) and -. , (Jm, TS, L, K,) but this

if % t

is rejected by AA, (MF,) inf. n. -.1 (S) and m^I,
(TA,) X He (an ostrich) ran, making a [ruttling]
sound, or noise, tuck at it termed U%a— . (S, L,

K, &c.) And, aor. '-, (T,A,) inf. n. J\, (T, TA,)
t He hastened, or was quick, in hit pace; walked
quickly ; or went a pace between a walk and a
run ; (T, Nh ;) said of a man ; (Nh, from a trad. ;)
and of a camel : (IB :) or j he made a sound, or
noise, in his pace or going, like that of the blazing,
or flaming, of Are. (A.) You say,.^eUiJI iL\ l.\

Book I.]

t [He made a rustling sound in going along, like
that of the ostrich]. (A.) And ^t, aor. , , [so
in the TA,] inf. n. 2^\, f It (a camel's saddle)
made a sound or noise [produced by his running].
(AZ,TA.) And LjJ signifies also t The sound-
ing of water in pouring forth. (TA.) — ^1,
(8,$,) aor. * , (S,L,) inf. n. ^1, (S, K,) It
(water) mas, or became, such as is termed »-\»-\.
(S, L, ^.)m^I He rendered it (namely water)
such as is termed jrW^' (?•)

2. JUI -JJ.I, (S, A, £,) inf. n. £**.tf, (K,)
He made the fire to [burn, burn up, burn brightly
or fiercely, (sec 1,)] blaze, or flame, or blaze
or flame fiercely. (S, A, It.) — [Hence,] ->^1
jji Jy^> t -He kindled evil, or mischief, among
tliem. (TA.)

5 : sec 1. — Hence *-*.ti also signifies J* gave
light; shone; or */ton« brightly. (TA, from a
trad.) — See also 8, where a contracted form of
this verb is mentioned.

8: see 1. — [Hence,] J£)l ls3\ [written with
the disjunctive alif -JJl] Tlte day was, or became,
intensely hot, or fiercely burning ; (S, ]£ ;) as also
ti/uand-^/tf. (K.)

iiL\ Intenseness of heat, and its fierce burning;
(S, £ ;) as also * L^\ [inf. n. of 1], and * ^Ul,
and * luLl5f[inf. n. of 8] : pi- pVJ- (?) You

say, ok-oJI **■! 0»V -* «e intense lieat, or ^cjcc
burning, of summer came. (TA.)— The sound
of fire ; us also * L*Ji. (ISd, TA.) — X The

sound, or nowr, and commotion, of an ostrich
running, and of people walking or passing along.

s .11 If

(A.) You say,^*^! i«.l ~.\ [explained above :
seel]. (A..)— .i Confusion: (S, £:) or, as also
t -,._r-l, the confusion arising from tlte talking of
a people, nnd the sound, or n<w*e, of their walking

SI J*.

or passing along. (L.) You say, i»-l ^ji .>»yUt
The people are in a state of confusion [tec]. (S.)

• » i •* |

»-Wl : see <U>t.

«~U-t Anything burning to the month, wltetlter
*nft or frif/cr or liot. (MF.) [Hence,] --U-I »U,
(8, A,£, &c.,) and t 1(^.1, (Msb,) TFtfter <W
bmi fry »t* stillness : (A :) or salt water : or bitter
water : (TA :) or salt, bitter water : (S, K. :) or
very salt water : (I'Ab :) or bitter and very salt
water : (Mgb :) or very salt water, that burns by
reason of its soilness: or very bitter water: or
water very salt and bitter, like the water of the
sea : (T A :) or water of which no use is made for
drinking, or for watering seed-produce, or for
other purposes : (El-Hasan :) or very hot water :

(TA :) the pi. is the same [as the sing. ; or »-U.I
is also used as a quasi-pl. n.]. (TA.)
• - • ,-*

—y*A Giving light; shining; or sinning brightly.
(AA,S,$.)

J— *■*

« «

• at

I £T « inf. n. of 1, which see : and see also i*.l,
in three places.

[A vehemently hot, or fiercely-

i.ii •

burning, summer-midday]. (A.)

-J; fern, with » : see g>*-b ''> below.

i t» » •'?'■,

*-y»-l : see «-j*.y, below.

L*.|y)l ^'i' ^Jl [Tlte fiercely-burning hot

winds; the latter word being pi. of * a*.l, fem. of
S» ae .

* -.1, which is the act. part. n. of .-I ;] is used by

poetic licence for p-ly^l. (TA.)

-,*'^, -M i n f, n . f 8, which see : and see also

• 91

..ub.U : see what follows.

^■yJj One rofto «aM« quickly, and run*, in

<fcw anrf that manner. (£,»TA.) — £j--W and

t L^Ju, (S, Msb,?,) imperfectly decl., (S,) [Gog

and Magog;] two tribes of God's creatures;

(T A ;) or two great nations ; (Ms b ;) or two tribes

of the children of Japheth the son of Noah : or,

as some say, tlte former, of tlte Turks ;' and the

latter, of the Jeel [meaning JeclrJeeldn, said in

the TA in art. J**, on the authority of ISd, to

be a people beyond the Deylem; and on the

authority of Az, to be believers in a plurality of

gods; (tlte Geli and Gelce of Ptolemy and Strabo,

as observed by Sale, in a note on ch. xviii. v. 93

of the Kur, on the authority of Golius in Alfrag.

p. 207 ;)] = (Bd in xviii. 93 :) [said by the Arabs

to be Scythians of the fui-tltest East; particularly

those on the north of tlte Chinese : (Golius :) or,

as some say, tlte descendants of Japheth, and all

the nations inhabiting tlte north of Asia and of

Europe: (Freytag:)] said in a rad., (TA,) on

the authority of I'Ab, (Msb,) to compose nine

tent lis of mankind : (Msb, TA :) or £j»-W is the

name of tlte males, and *-y*-l* is that of tlte

females : (Msb :^ he who pronounces them thus,

and makes the I a radical letter, says that the

former is of the measure Jy"4, and the latter of

the measure Jy** ; as though from ^Ul «^-t ;

(Akh, S.Msb;*) or from ^U.1 *U ; (TA;) or

from L\ said of an ostrich ; and imperfectly decl.

as being determinate and fem. : (Bd ubi supra:)

he who pronounces them without », making the I

in each an augmentative letter, says that the former

is from c.> m. >_, and the latter from Cmh » « :

(Akh, S, 1£ :) this is the case if they be Arabic :

(TA :) but some say that they are foreign names ;

(Msb, T A ;) their being imperfectly decl. is said

to indicate this; (Bd ubi supra;) and if so, the I

in them is similar to that in OjjU and OjyU and

jjjlj and the like; and the », anomalous, as that
# %' » * *

in JJ\ti and the like ; and their measure is J^eli.

(Msb.) Ru-beh used to read " k-??\ and r-^l*
[in the CK »->^-U] ; and Aboo-Mo'&dh, *->»~H'

(SO

L ij^-t, aor. *■ and , , (S, Mgh, Msb, ?») which
latter form of the aor., though known to most of

23

the lexicologists, is disacknowledged by a few of
them, (TA,) inf. n.^4-1; (S,Msb;) and t ' tJ J\,
(S, Mgh, Msb, IS.,) a form disacknowledged by
As, but said by some to be the more chaste of the
two, of the form jii'l, not Jili, as Ilftt by
evident inadvertence makes it to be by saying that
its aor. is J*.£, (TA,) inf. n. ;W*Jj (S;) He
(God, S, A, Mgh, Mf b, and a man, Mgh) recom-
pensed, compensated, or rewarded, Aim,(S, A, Mgh,
Msb, £,) Jii U yJ*for wltat he had done. (A.)

[See j4-», below.] »jjj ,>• i^+*- 0"^J^ i Such
a one became entitled to a reward for five of his
children, by their death, (for it is believed that the
Muslim will be rewarded in Paradise for a child

that has died in infancy)], (S,) and »«*>} j%J, (A,)
and »>•$ ^ >«J, (?,) mean that his children
died, and became [causes of ] his reward. (S,A,
£.) — £*t, (?,) aor. ' , (S,) [He served him
for hire, pay, or wages;] he became his hired
man, or hireling. (S, ?.) So in the £ur xxviii. 27.

(TA.) JJ^.1, aor. * , (L, Msb, ?.,) and , ,

(Msb, ?,) inf. n. J4-»i (^, ?,) -^« ^' him (namely
his slave) on hire, or for pay, or wajw; (L,»
M?b,«?.;) as also ▼ i^T, inf. n. jUj-iJ j ('Eyn,
Mgh, Msb, ? ;) and ▼ i^-T, inf. n. S^tji : (? :)
all these are good forms of speech, used by the
Arabs : (L :) or * »jtf\ having for its inf. n. Sj«-j£*
signifies he appointed him (namely another man)
hire, pay, or wages, for his work ; (Mj, Mgh ;) or
lie engaged with him to give him hire, pay, or
wages; (A, Mgh, Msb ;) and can have only one
objective complement: whereas, * when it is of
the measure J«*l it is doubly trans. ; (Mgh, Msb ;)
so that one says, *i»ji** T i^r*- 1 &* let me ^ his
slave on hire. (Mgh.) One also says, jlil j+\,
aor. i and , , inf. n.^4-1, He let tlte house on hire;
and so jtjjt t^T, [inf. n. jWi\-] (Msb,TA:)
and jtjjl * '»j*A, [inf. n. }i*J»] He let to him the
house on hire : (S, A, MghjMsb :) the latter verb
being of the measure ji»l, not of the measure
Jt\\S : (A, Mgh, Msb :) and the vulgar say,^^.^ :
(S :) some, however, say, jtjJl * «I^l, > n f. n.
\jL.Vy,, making the verb of the measure^ J*U :
(Msb,TA:) some also say, ll<j jl>M * ^>j^ [I
let the house to Zeyd], inverting the order of
the words : (Msb, TA :) and the lawyers say,

>d t>* jWI * «i»U^ t in tne Bame 8ense ' like M

jljJI J^i v>» ^^^ me* 118 * e 8ame M '•*<! ***<
j\ jJt].' (Mfb : [but in the Mgh, the like of this
is said to be vulgar.])

3. jf.\, inf. n. i*-&-- «* 1, latter half, in
three places: and see 10. One says also, of a
woman, (£,) or a whorish female slave, ( TA >)
oj«L.T, [of the measure ci»U,not c-ii»l,(see >►£•,
below,)] meaning She prostituted herself for hire.
«•) '

4. j»S\, inf. n. 'jWi\i see 1, first sentence :_
and see the latter half of the same paragraph, in
seven places.

8. ^-*' [written with the disjunctive alif^^jl]
He gave alms, seeking thereby to obtain a reward

24

[from God] : (L, £•:) and y j+zl\ He gave it
as alms, seeking thereby a reward. (L.) J^Jf for
j+£S\ is not allowable, because . cannot be incor-
porated into o : [or, accord, to some, this is
allowable, as in^sTfor jjzi\, and ^Tfor l >^5l,
fee. :] Hr allows it; and cites an ex. in a trad. ;
but IAth says that the proper reading in this
instance is jfjti, not jj^ ; or, if the latter be
allowed, it u from SJ^JJJI, not from 'jLy. (L.)
_ \J£t aJs. jm^^S [in which the radical . is
changed into 3 because the alif preceding it is
made disjunctive and with damm, (in one copy of
tho g, and in the L and TA, erroneously written
j**Zi\,) He was hired to do it for such a turn or
thing, (see^jji, below,)] is from ijL^\. (§,L.)

10. **&*!, (S, £,) and ♦ ' tJt ^\, ($,) [the
latter of the measure J*ti, as has been clearly shown
above, from the A and Mgh and Msb,] He hired
him ; tooh him as a hired man, or hireling. (S,
?, TA.) You say also, jUltj*JL«| [He hired the
house; tooh it on hire]. (A, Mgh.)
• • t

j*-\ A recompense, compensation, or reward,
(§> £» &c.,) for what one has done; (£;) i. q.
**>& ;(§;)•» also t j££j and ♦ 5)^.1 and t J)u.|,
(£,) of which three forms tlie first is the most
generally known and the most chaste, (TA.) and
» *r*-' ! (TA :) or, as some say, there is a distinc-
tion between jll and ^>\£ : El-'Eynee says, in
the Expos, of El-Bukharee, that what is obtained by
the fundamental practices of the law, and by obli-
gatory religious services, is termed v|>3; and what
is obtained by supererogatory acts of religion, ^.1 ;
for ^t\y is properly a substitute for a thing itself-
and j+4, for the profit arising from a tiling ; though
each is sometimes used in the sense of the other:
(TA :) it is well known that ^..1 signifies a
recompense, or reward, from God to a man, for
righteous conduct; (MF;) and tjjl^l, recom-
pense, compensation, hire, pay, or wages, froy
one man to another, for work; (Mgh, MF;) and
hence j^l; (MF;) and t S^.( ako hag ^
latter signification, (Mgh, TA,) and is syn. with
%*? 5 (?, Mgh, £ ;) [signifying likewise rent for
a house, and the like ;] but J£| i« used [sometimes]
in the sense of 5jVj and in that of jj^f: (Msb :)

the pl.of Jll isJ>;f(Msb,£)and;M; (£;)
but the latter form was unknown to MF : (TA :)
the pi. of t tjs\\\ is ^.t and il^l and ol^-jf.
(Msb.) [One says, Jb\ J± %# Thy recmn _
pense b due from God. And, to console a person
for the death of a relation or friend, S)jL!\ jplj ^;
*ti May God largely compensate tkee for him '
i.e., forjhe loss of him.] By the expression
*>J* j+\ in the £ur xxxvi. 10 is said to be
meant Paradise. (TA,) — I A dowry, or nup-
tial gift ; a gift that is given to, or for, a bride :

(S P 1 - jyrl ■ bo in the tfur xxxiii. 49 [& c .].
(TA.)_t Praise; good fame. (£.) So, as
some say, in the Kiur xxix. 26. (TA )

••\ .•si I,. '*

j+\ and j*.| : see^.1.

V'\ *'*

•j**\ : iee j*J, m three places.

?-! — J-*-»

a •

1^.1 and ib^.1 : see l£^I.

• '* l>-
XfiAi see^l.

• *

jt&\ (S, $, &c.) A hired man; a hireling:

(L :) or of the measure J^sti in the sense of the
measure j*UU, i. e. a man with whom one has
engaged to give him hire, pay, or wages: (Mgh,
Msb:»)pl. j£L|. (L, Msb.)

SjU-t and ijULl and SjU-l : see *^.\, in four
places J,U.J also signifies The giving of usu-
fructs for a compensation. (Mgh.) And Land

which its owners have let to him who will build
upon it : so explained by the lawyers. (Mgh.)

'&■[ (?, M, IAth, Mgh, £) and t fy£| (M)
and t jUJI (Mgh, K.) The flat top, or roof, of a
house, (S, M, IAth,Mgh,]£,) that has not around
it anything to prevent a person's falling from it :
(M,» IAth :) of the dial, of the people of Syria
and of El-Hij4z : (S :) pi. [of the first and second]
Je^-Vt and ij^uj ; (A'Obeyd, S, K. ;) and [of
the third] J^liT (Mgh, $.)

•-.a * a

•jW : see .U.I.

C^ief I (ISk, K.) and 1 1^-1 and ♦ ife\ (S in
art-^(-») A custom; a habit. (ISk, £,*and S
ubi supra.) The hemzeh is said to be a substitute
for/ [in \Snf^ &c.] (TA.) You say, Jlj U
*lve*-l <*Wi Tliat ceased not to be his custom, or
habit. (ISk.)

j+.\ and ^^.1 and jsf.\, and the pis. O^j+A and
OLS>*»' : ^e what next follows.

tit. .

[Book I.

j*\y*: see^>.

J+ 3 ** [part- n. ot'j**5j\l Mohammad Ibn-
Bishr El-Kharijee, not [as is said in the S] Aboo-
Dahbal, says, (L,)

[ O would that I were, with my clothes and my
riding-camel, a hired skive to thy family, this
month] : (S, L.) i. e., ^t^l £•'. (S.)

jsjp, Mgh, Msb, $) and t^f (AA, Ks, ij.)
m * 'jrJ (?» ?) and * J>*"l and I'jptti (^)and
*j*f\ (as in some copies of the K.) and *^-T, (as
in some copies of the sj. and in the TA,) or
* • j I • i*

T ^'> (a* in other copies of the IS.,) and t^*.!

[to which is erroneously added in the C£ ijstS]
and [tlie pis.] T Oj3^t and • OXl^ (?) are syn.,
(?»?>) of Persian origin, (S,) [fromJ^or^JT,]
arabicized, (S, Mgh, ?:,) signifying BaA«d bricks ;
(Msb ;) ftaA«rf clay, (Mgh, L,) wi<A ro/ttcA one
builds: (S, L :) jL\ and J5 4-T and ^l!i [&c] are
pis., [or rather coll. gen. ns., except the two forms
ending with ^ and ,J,] and their sings, [or rather

ns. un.] are with », i. e. ijL\ &c. (L)

• j- 2 i ~
j£+\: seej^.1.

• ' • • a

jV^Jl: seejW-J.

** "

j*.** [A slave, or] a house, let on hire; (Akh,

T, Msb;) as also * jyt-i*; (L;) and some say,

♦j^lji. (Akh, Msb.)

j*ry> One roAo fort on hire [a slave, or] a house :
one should not say tj*.j|I; for this is wrong
with respect to the classical language, and abomi-
nable with respect to the conventional acceptation
and common usage ; a foul reproach being meant
thereby [as is shown by the explanation of O^T,
given above : or, accord, to some, it is allowable
when it relates to a house : (see VjL\ :) it seems
to be disallowed only when used absolutely].
(A, Mgh.)

c*»U.I [The plum;] a certain fruit, (£, TA,)
of the description termed a^£»U, (TA,) wellknown ;
(Msb, £ ;) cold and moist ; or, as some say, of
moderate temperature; (TA;) which facilitates
the flow of the yellow bile; (KL;) i. e ., its juice, or
*"£?' * oe * *°> when drunk with sugar-candy
\(»r^) and manna (^j+^Sji) added to it;
(TA ;) and allays thirst, and heat of the heart ;
(^;) but it relaxes the stomach, and does not
agree with it; and it generates a watery mixture;
and its injurious effect is repelled by the drinking
of sugary O e ;« ^ - X ^ [or oxymel] : it is of several
kinds: (TA:) [the most common is the Damasc,
or Damascene, plum :] the best is (£, TA) the
Armenian, (TA,) that which is stveet and large :
(K, TA :) tlie sour, or acid, is less laxative, and
more cold: (TA :) tlie n. un. it with i : (S, Msb,
$ :) you should not say ^Vil ; (Yaakoob, S,
$ ;) or this is a word of weak authority, (£, TA,)
and you say ^1^.1 and J»l^JI like as one says
jM and JuJJl : (TA :) in the dial, of the Syrians,
the yjo VJ [or yel^JI or ^l^JI accord, to com-
mon modern usage among them] is the [pear
which they formerly called] u *,*t and [which
others call] j£L: (£:) it is of the growth of
the country of the Arabs : (AHn :) ^ull i B an
adventitious word, (S,K,)or arabicized, (Msb,)
because -. and ^o do not both occur in any
Arabic word : (§, M?b, $ :) or, accord, to Az,
they do so occur ; as, for instance, in J^rr, and
in*^. (TA)

cM

e I

L JstA, aor. '- , (M f b, $,) inf a J^ (Msb,)
It (a thing, Msb, [as, for instance, a thing pur-
chased, and the price thereof, and a thing pro-
mised or threatened or foretold, and also payment
for a thing purchased, and the fulfilment of a
promise or threat or prediction, and any event,])
was, or became, delayed, postponed, kept back;
[and therefore, future;] syn. ^1.0; (£;) and
J*t-\, aor. - , inf! n. Jj*.t, signifies the same.
(Mfb.) [See Jsf\ and Js^l The primary signi-
fication seems to be, It had a term, or period,
appointed for it, at which it should fall due, or

Book I.]

come to pats. ] = *X*.I, aor. ; , (K,) inf. n. Ji^l ;
(TA;) and t ij£i, (K,) inf. n. J^U; (TA;)
and t iM, (5,) inf. n. aJLL-l|i ; (TK -Hi
confined, restricted, restrained, withheld, debarred,
hindered, or prevented, him. (K,TA.) Hence
the phrase, ^JU t^-U-l TVtey confined, restricted,
kc, their cattle from the pasturage. (TA.)^

fa, ^ jj, (S, Msb,) or J!!ll, <K,) aor. < (S,
Msb.'K) and -, (S,K,) in£ n. Jl'l, (S, Mfb,)
1T« committed against tliem evil, (S, Msb, K,)
and drew it, or procured it, to them : (Msb :) and
(8, in the K " or") he excited it, stirred it up, or
provoked it, against them : (S, K :) or, accord, to
AZ.^yJlt c-U. I, inf. n. as above, signifies I com-
mitted a crime against them : and AA says that
• #«*«•#« » •** ■ * t * f i ,

Jl w~JU. and >^>jj»- and cJU.) have one and

the same signification. (TA.)_ And <lU"^J ,J*».I,
(Lh, K,) ' n ^ n - *• above, (TA,) He gained, ac-
quired, or earned, and collected, and brought, or
purveyed, and exercised skill in the management
of affairs, for his family. (Lh, K.)

2- J^l J*V», (TA,) inf. n. J^U, (K,TA,)
He defined the term, or period ; (K,* TA ;)
assigned, appointed, or specified, it. (TA.) It is
■aid in the Kur [vi. 128], ,jj\ U-.I LiLbj

U cJLil [Am/ we have reached our term which
Thou hast assigned, or appointed, for us;] mean-
ing, the day of resurrection ; (Bd,* Jcl ;) or the
term of death ; or, us some say, the term of ex-
treme old age. (TA.) And A-V-t, inf. n. as

above, signifies J assigned, or appointed, for him,

fit
or it, a term, or period. (Msb.) __ ^^iJU.1 He

granted me a delay, or postponement. (TA.) You
say, »j!» ij[ J&& * *^U.ull (S, K, TA) J
desired, ashed, demanded, or requested, of him a
term, or period, [of delay, or postponement,'] and
lie granted me a delay, or postponement, to a
certain term, or period. (TA.) — See also 1.

3. *JU.T, inf. n. iSi-\y* S sec 1.

5. ,>.b j. q. * J--U-1 ; (K, TA ;) i. e. He
asked, or requested, that a term, or period, should
be assigned, appointed, or specified, for him.
(TA.) It is said in a trad, of Mek-hool, L£»
J»-U« J^.v3 J»XJIj v jJaj1 J -o [We were keeping
post on the frontier of the enemy, in the tract on
the sea-coast, and] a person ashed, or requested,
that a term, or period, should be axsigned, or
appointed, or specified, for him, and that per-
mission should be granted him to return to his
family. (TA.)

10 : see 2 and 5.

■ • I .... . . « .3***1

J^.1 is originally the inf. n. of \jJU J».l " he

committed evil ;" and is used to indicate the

causation of crimes ; and afterwards, by extension

of its application, to indicate any causation : (Bd in

» ii i iji./ .* •

v. 35 :) one says, J LU.I ^y» *ZXai, and * «wi>j » ] ,>•>

(S, K,) and iU4-l *iUi, and * JUU-1 , (so in some
copies of the £,) and J^t ,>•• and J*^t ,>•,
( K, [belonging to art. ^U., in which also they are
mentioned,]) and «iU"}U-l ^, and iU'iU-l .>•,
(so in some copies of the K and in the TA, [be-
longing to art. J*-,]) i. e. [/ did it] J)\j+ i >»,
Bk. I.

(S,) which means [originally] in consequence of
thy committing it : (Bd ubi supra :) [and then,
by extension of its application, as shown above,
because of thee, or of thine act kc. ; on thine
account ; for thy sake ; as also .iU*.^, which is
more common in the present day :] or .ilXU. £y»:
(K :) and \J£> q\£» aJU»I ^a, i.e. *~~/ [Because
of him, or it, it was thus, or such a thing was].
(Msb.) An instance of its occurrence without
i>* [° r J] i* presented by the saying of 'Adee
Ibn-Zeyd,

»*> s * • * *■*• at <■ • I
• >JLa» Ji *DI O' wM *

[Because that Ood hath made you to have excel-
lence, or luith preferred yott]. (TA.)

J*-l, whence dU*-l ^ <uUi, and .IUU.I <UUi :
see ^^t, in two places.

J|*.l, (S, Mughnee, ]£,) witli the J quiescent,
(Mughnec,) is written with kesr and with fet-h
[to the medial letter, i. e. t J*.| as well as ^i»-l]
like ^^i [which is written ^^i as well as^^ju] :
(TA:) it is a particle (Mughnee) denoting a
reply ; like ^su ; (S, Mughnee, K ;) importing
acknowledgment of the truth of the speaker, to
him who gives information ; and the making a
thing known, to him who asks information ; and
a promise, to him who seeks, or demands ;
(Mughnee ;) i. c. It is as thou sayest [in the first
case ; and yes, or yea, in the same, and in the
other cases] ; (K voce ,J— y ;) therefore it occurs
after such sayings as "Zeyd stood" and "did
Zeyd stand?" and "beat thou Zeyd:" but El-
Malakce restricts the information to that which is
affirmative, and the saying expressive of seeking
or demanding to that which is without prohibition :
and it is said by some that it docs not occur after
an interrogation : (Mughnee :) Er-Radee says, in
the Expos, of the Kafiyeh, after Z and others,
that it is to denote acknowledgment of the truth
of information, and does not occur after a saying
in which is die meaning of seeking, or demanding :
(TA :) or, accord, to Z and Ibn-Malik and others,
it relates particularly to information : and accord,
to Ibn-Kharoof, it occurs mostly after information :
(Mughnee :) in the Expos, of the Tes-heel, it is
said to be for denoting acknowledgment of the
truth of information, past or other, affirmative or
negative, and not to occur after an interrogation :
(TA :) Akh says that it is better than JU-* (?,
Mughnee, EL*) after information, (Mughnee,) in
acknowledging the truth of what is said; (S,
Mughnee, K ;) and >v ju is better than it after an
interrogation : (S, Mughnee, K :) so that when

j * k* »#»™

one says, ^^aJJ t_*>* [Thou wilt, or shalt, go
away], thou sayest jij.1 [Yes] ; and it is better
than^ju : but when one says, > T *fcJJI [Wilt thou
go away?], thou sayest ^»*>j and it is better than

wM- (?)
t * .

J^.1 The term, or period, of a thing: (S, K :)
its assigned, appointed, or specified, term or
period : this is the primary signification : (TA :)
or the term, or period, and time of falling due, of
a thing : (Msb :) pi. Jl^T. (Msb, £.)— Hence,
The period of women's waiting, before they may
marry again, after divorce: as in the Blur ii. 231

25

and 232. (TA.)__The period, or extremity of time,
in which falls due a debt (K, TA) and the like.

(TA.) You say, J^.1 ^'l £\ '**<( [He sold it
to him for payment at an appointed period] : and
J^-l ,^1 >Ufc jj* ^AlJjjI^L [He delivered the
money for wheat, or the like, to be given at an
appointed period]. (Msb in art. ^£».)_The
term, or period, of death; (K;) the time in
which Ood has eternally decreed the end of life
by slaughter or otherwise: or, as some say, the
whole duration of life : and its end : a man's life
being thus termed: and his death, by which it
terminates: (Kull p. 17:) the assigned, or a;<-
pointed, duration of the life of a man. (TA.) One
says, <*jL.I Ui, meaning His death drew near;
originally, J^-^H t\A*Lt\ the completion of the
duration of life. (TA.) In the Kur vi. 128,
(see 2, above,) the meaning is, The term of death :
or, as some say, the term of extreme old age :
(TA :) or the day of resurrection. (Bd,* Jcl.)
The words of the Kur [vi. 2] J^.lj &.1 ^^ii J^'
»juc ..»,.,* mean [Tfien He decreed a term,] the
term of death, and [there is a term named with
Him,] the term of the resurrection: or the period
between the creation and death, and the period
between death and the resurrection ; for J^l is
applied to the end of a space of time and to the
whole thereof: (Bd:) or the meaning is, the
period of sleep, and the period of death : (Bd,
TA :) or the period of those who have passed
away, and the period of those who remain and
those who are to come : (Bd :) or (Ae period of
remaining in this world, and the period of re-
maining in the world to come : or in both instances
death is meant; [accidental, and natural;] for
the y)&f\ of some is by accidental means, as the
sword, and drowning, and burning, and eating
what disagrees, and other means of destruction ;
while some have their full periods granted to them
and are preserved in health until they die a natural
death : or the J»-1 of some is that of him who
dies in a state of happiness and enjoyment ; and
of others, that of him who reaches a limit beyond
which God has not appointed, in the natural
course of this world, any one to remain therein ;
and to both of those, reference is made in the Kur
[xvi. 72 and] xxii. 5. (TA.) — Sometimes, ako,
it means Destruction : and thus it has been ex-
plained as occurring in the Kur [vii. 184], where

it is said, ^.1 v^' «*» O^i O 1 cJ~*
[And that, may be, tlieir destruction shall have
drawn near], (TA.)

• t » .i

J».l : see J<*.1.

• i • -

Jfcl : see J».t.

(Jt^t Having a delay, or postponement, granted
to him, to a certain time; i. q. cJj ^J\ ' ^}»-y:
(Lth.) See also J^.T.

J^J Belayed; postponed; kept back; syn.
jAXa ; [but in some copies of the K, for J*J,
we find • Jtf\ ;] as also » J«*-t, of wlrich the pi.

is J^-l : (K :) and therefore, (TA,) not present ;
future; to come; contr. of j^-U : (8, Msb, T A:)

4

26

and t J*-U», also, signifies delayed, deferred, or
postponed, to the time of the end of a period;

a ■ 0* j

originally, eontr. o/ J» »T.«. (Mgh.) [See also
J**>1.] — [Hence,] i&)\ The [future,] latter,
ultimate, or last, dwelling, or abode, or ft/e; tAe
nwrW to come ; syn. Sj^S)' » (K, TA ;) confr. 0/
iWUM. (S, TA.)aaa Committing a crime ; or a
committer of a crime. (§, TA.)

J*-£-« Determined, defined, or limited, as to
time; applied to a writing: so in the Kur iii. 139:

(Bd, Jel, TA:) and to a debt; contr. o/JU-,

q. t. (Mgh in art. J*..)^See also J-»-1.

J^U* : see J^-l.

-I

1. *•*.!, with kesr, [aor. - ,] (AZ,S, O,) inf. n.
>*•' ; (KL, P§ ;) or *^*.\, aor. : , (so in the K,)
inf. n. j&A', (TK ;) [l>ut^»-l is the form com-
monly known ; and if it were incorrect, the
author of the K would probably, accord, to his
usual custom, have charged J with error respect-
ing it;] He loathed it; disliked it; was, or
became, disgusted with it; namely, food; (AZ,
S, O, K ;) Ace. ; (K ;) from constantly keeping
to it ; (AZ, 8, ;) or because of its not agreeing
with him: (TA :) he reckoned it bad: (KL:)
and * a«*.U also signifies he disliked, disapproved,
or hated, it ; or he expressed, or showed, dislike,
disapprobation, or hatred, of it; syn. AAjQ.
(TA.) — ifctfjtf, aor. ,, (K.) inf. n. J$,
(TK,) He incited, or urged, such a one to do
that which he disliked, disapproved, or hated. (K.)

2: see 4.

4. y-UI jtt^t, or ^Ul " j*r\t, [accord, to
different copies of the K, the former being the
reading in the TA,] He makes men's own selves
to be objects of dislike, disapprobation, or hatred,
to them. (K voce JtyiJ.) [Accord, to the TK,
you say, <u« a«*.I, inf. n.jA^A, meaning He
made him to be an object of dislike, disapproba-
tion, or hatred, to him.]

6. .^O He (a lion) entered his i^-l [or

thicket]. (K.)»ii*l0: seel.
• t ■

^^fcl Any square, roofed, house : (K :) men-
tioned by ISd as on the authority of Yaakoob :

• *l

but see ^o^-l as explained by J [in the S] on the

same authority. (TA.)

**' " • ' f «• f

j^.\ : see ^.^1. is It is also a pi. of **■.!.

(M,K.)

^».l : see *•*•).

^» A fortress; (Mgh, Mfb, K;) like ^1 :
(Mgh :) pl.>V». (Mgh, Mfb, K.) „^t [is the
name of] A fortress (S, 5) in El-Medeeneh,
(K,) ftatVt 0/ *fo»e* fry tA« ;><?<>;>& 0/ that city:
and Ynokoob says that j^.\ signifies any square,
roofed, house. (S, Sgh.) Imra-el-Keys says, [de-
scribing a vehement rain,]

.-•- .* . » « » ti 0,
[And Teyma, (a town so called,) it left not

tAera'n a {rtmA o/" a palm-tree, nor a square,

roofed, house, unless raised high with stones : but

in the Calc. ed. of the Mo'allakat, (p. 54,) for
* > 1 * j 1

U*-', we find UJ»t, which has the same meaning].

(S,Sgh.) See alsoJU-'- (TA.) Accord, to As,

it is also pronounced \>»»t. (S.)

•" *

i»».l A thicket, wood, or forest ; a collection,

(Mgh, Msb,) or an abundant collection, (K,) 0/
tangled, confused, or cfaue, tree*, or shrubs:
(Mgh, Msb, K :) or it is of reeds, or canes : (S :)
or a [place such as is termed] ya**.» of water
collected together, in which, in consequence thereof,
trees grow: (S in art. J6& :) [or] it signifies
also a bed, or place of growth, of canes or reeds :

(Mgh :) the pi. is oC^.1 and J^.1 (S, M, K) and

Jll (M,K) and t^t, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,)
[or rather this last is a coll. gen. n., of which
iill is the n. un.,] and Jl^.1 (S, M, K) and [pi.
of pauc] >M, (S, M, Mgh, K,) or the last but
one is pi. of^L.1, (M,) and so is the last. (Lh, M,
Msb.) And hence, The haunt of a lion. (TA

in art. v^-0 — >M [in the CK>M] also
signifies Frogs. (Sgh, K.) [App. because frogs
are generally found in beds of canes or reeds.]

j.jff.S signifies ^Ul ^j* l> ., or ^Ul ^.jj ;

[accord, to different copies of the K ; see 4 ;] i. c.

One who makes men's own selves to be objects of

dislike, disapprobation, or hatred, to them. (K.)

• -
j&.\ Loathing, disliking, or regarding with

disgust. (§, TA.)«-^-T tU t. q. tJly^U [Water
that it loathed, disliked, or regarded with disgust].
(TA.)

[Boox. I.

f:

see t>»-t.

iiUI (S, Mgh, Msb,K) and 1li\±J\ , (Lh,K,)
the latter of the dial, of Tciyi, (Lh, TA,) or this
is a vulgar form, (Mgh,) not allowable, (S,) and
t luCil, (K,) with ^, (TA,) A thing well
known; (K;) a vessel in which clothes are
washed; (Msb;) a [vessel also called] <j£sy»,
resembling a ^jii [which is a kind of basin], in
which clothes are washed : (Mgh :) or what is
called in Persian £>&> [i. e. ^>ILj a snudl cup] :
(PS:) [it probably received this last meaning,
and some others, in post-classical times : Golius
explains it as meaning " lagena, phiala, crater : "
adding, "hincvulgo Fingiana [i.e. iiU-ii] calix
vocatur: item Urceus: hydria: [referring to
John ii. 6 :] Vas dimidite seria simile, in quo
aqua et similiajtonuntur:" on the authority of Ibn-
Maaroof : and, on the same authority, "Labrum
seu vas lapideum instar pelvis, in quo lavantur
vestes:"] pi. '^,M.\iA : (S, Mgh, Msb, K :) mean-
ing [also] what resemble troughs, surrounding
trees. (Msb.)

O+i (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and t ^.'l (S, Msb,
K) and * o*\ (ISd, TA) and t £**.* (TA)
Water altered for the worse (S, Mgh, Msb, K)
in taste and colour, (S, Mgh, K,)from some such
cause as long standing, (TA,) but still drinkable :
(Mgh, Msb :) or altered for the worse in its
odour by oldness: or covered with [tlie green
substance called] > T ..U.i< and with leaves : (Mgh :)
pi. tjyf\ ; thought by ISd to be pi. of i j».\ and
c*-t. (TA.)

't.

k-U :

see^^T.

!• <J^> (?» Mgh. Mfb, K,) aor. - and -'; (S,
Mfb, K;) and ^f, (S, Mgh, &c.,) aor. '- , (S,
Mfb,) mentioned by Yz ; (S ;) inf. n. of the
former J^l (S, Mgh, Msb, K») and ^\; (S,
Msb.K;*) and of the latter &*-\; (S, Mgh,
Mfb, K It (water) became altered for the
worse (8, Mgh, Mfb, K) in taste and colour,
(S, Mgh, K>) from some such cause as long
standing, (TA,) but was drinkable: (Mgh, Mfb:)
or became altered for the worse in its odour by
oldness : or became covered with [tlie green sub-
stance called] ^ J U fcJ * and with leaves : (Mgh :)
k >^»l, also, said of water, signifies it became altered
for the worse : (Th :) and in the Iktitaf occurs
,>»»l, aor. - , which is unknown, but may be a
mixture of two dial. vara, [namely of ,^.1 having
for its aor. 5 and * , and ij*A having for its pret.
O*-']- (MP)«^I He (a jCJ, or whitener
of cloth) beat a piece of cloth or a garment [in
washing it]. (S, K.)

• • t

*»!

see

a^r-1 (§, K) and 4^1* and LJ.I (K) t. q. UL' }
[The ball, or elevated part, of the cheek]. (S, K.)

Bee iiU-l.

[in Golius's Lex. (j*-~*] The instrument
for beating used by the jUoi [or whitener of cloth,

in washing]: but better without*, [written i^^*,]
because the pi. is ^jt^Syt ; or, accord, to IB, the
pi. is ^S». (TA.)

-I

2. j*-1, [inf. n. >-»-U,] He made it one ; or

'' "

called it one : as also j*.j. (TA in art. .*»->)

You say, k > e ~' , ^t j*-I Jfahe thou the two to be-
come one. (K.) It is related in a trad., that
Mohammad said to a man who was making a
sign with his two fore fingers in repeating tlie
testimony of the faith, [There is no deity but God,

&c.,] j*-t j»l [meaning that he should make the

sign with one finger only]. (S.) And «fol J»l

means He declared God to be one ; he declared,

or professed, the unity of Ood; as also «j»j.

(T and L in art. j»-j.) — S^iil jl.1, (S,K,)
• t,

inf. n. jL^fc-U, (K,) Make thou the ten to become

eleven, (S, K,) is a phrase mentioned by Fr on
the authority of an Arab of the desert (S.)

8. jtaaJI : see art j*-j : and sec what here
next follows.

10. o».Uwt He (a man, S) was, or became,
alone, by himself, apart from others, or solitary ;

Book I.]

■yn. jiytfl ; (S, K ;) as also * j^Jt [written with
the disjunctive alif j^JI, originally j*.~ A or

ii%(S,TA,)orjl£ (CK.)— AiZfcAt
He did not know it ; did not know, or had not
knowledge, of it; did not understand it ; did not
know the minute circumstances of it ; or did not

m e - C-

perceive it by any of the senses ; syn. <v js£j ^ ;

(L, K >) '• e -> a tnm 6> or an am " r : °f tne ^' a ' - °^
El-Yemen. (L.)

j»t, originally j*-j, the ^ being changed into I,

(Msb,) One; Utit first of the numbers ; (S ;) syn.

[in many cases] with j*.^; (S, Msb,K;) with

which it is interchangeable in two cases, to be

• - - » * *t

explained below: (Msb:) pi. jU.1 and ^l^^l

(K) and CgJMi which last occurs in a phrase

hereafter to be mentioned ; (TA ;) or it has no

pi. in this sense ; (Msb, K,* TA ;) and as to
i , <■ •' • » »'

jU-1, it may be pi. of j>»-Ij, [and originally >U.jt,]

like ilii.'l as pi. of jJkli, (Th, Msb,) a pi. of
pauc. (Msb.) The fern, is ♦ t^J**} only ; and
tliis is only used in particular cases, to be shown
below: (Msb:) most ngrce that the [J in this
word is the characteristic of the fern, gender : but
some say that it is to render it quasi-coordinate to
the quadrilitcral-radical class: [this, however, is
inconsistent with its pronunciation, which is in-
variably iCji-l, not (JJ*.1 :] (TA :) its pi. is
j^-1, ns though the sing, were »J*-I, like as is

• 9 * ' 9

said ofy^} as pi. of ^/=>i : one of the expositors
of the Tcs-hccl writes it jmA t with damm and then
fet-h ; hut a pi. of this measure is not applicable
to a sing, of the measure ^jXii, with kesr. (MF.)
The dim. of j^-l is t j^.) ; and that of i$J»-l is
t ^.j,* 1 ^' (L in art. J»-j.) — It is interchange-
able with j— \) in two cases: first, when it is
used as an epithet applied to God : (Msb :) for
jjm--^\, as an epithet, is applied to God alone,
(Msb.K,) and signifies The One; the Sole; He
who ha* ever been one and alone : or the Indi-
visible : or He who has no second [to share'] in his
lordship, nor in his essence, nor in his attributes :
(TA :) you say, j>»-1 y I y» and j»*^1 y» : and in
like manner, «x»-t, without the article, is used as
an epithet specially in relation to God, and is
interchangeable in this case [but not in other
cases] with •fc—lj : therefore you do not say
j»l J*-j nor j— I jtttj} and the like [but J+j
J— l_j and j^\j ^*j* &c.] (Msb.) [Sec also
j*.tj, in art. j>»-j.] In the phrase in the Kur
[cxii. 1], J*-I 4&I y» Ji [Say, He is Ood, One
God], j— I is a substitute for M ; for an inde-
terminate noun is sometimes a substitute, for a
determinate noun, as in another passage in the
Kur, xcvi. 15 and 16. (S.) Secondly, it is inter-
changeable with j^-Ij in certain nouns of number :

(Mf b :) you say ^i* j— I [masc] and iytfc [JJ»-\ t
[fern.] (S) [meaning Eleven : and in these two
cases you may not substitute «x»-t^ and S j^-l^ for
j*-l and tCj»-1 : but] in Ojj'-fJ •**■' L " ne an "
twenty, and the like,] j»l is interchangeable with
j>».tj. (Msb.) Ks says, When you prefix the

*»1

article Jl to a number, prefix it to every number;

therefore you should say, jJLaJI j».*9l CJla* U

^ijjJI Uu"^t [WAa< dtd *Ae eleven thousand

dirhems ?] : but the Basrees prefix it to the first

only, and say,^A,i uUI j-i* J*»"91 C«J«4 U. (S.)

__ In [most] cases differing from these two, there

• , t *

is a difference in usage between jt».l and o*-l^ :

the former is used in affirmative phrases as a pre-
fixed noun only, governing the noun which fol-
lows it in the gen. case ; [as in exs. which will be
found below ;] and is used absolutely in negative
phrases; [as will also be seen in exs. below;]
whereas j>»-U is used in affirmative phrases as a
prefixed noun and otherwise : the fern. ^^».t,
also, is only used as a prefixed noun, except in
numbers (Msb) [and in one other instance, which
see below]. Using j^-l and its fern, in affirmative
phrases as prefixed nouns, you say, a^JI J»-I>VJ
[One of the three stood] ; and l»*tj^l wJIS [One
of them two (females) said] ; and ^jt*.l JuW
a3"^lj| [Take thou one of the three]. (TA.) The
phrase JkJ» oW L? Jkfc ! means A calamity:
(K:) or, as some say, (TA, but in tlie K. " and,")
a serpent; (K, TA ;) so called because it twists
itself round so as to become like a Jt*J». (TA.)
And the phrase j»N1 \JJ~-\, (L, K, TA,) in
which the latter word has kesr to the 1 and fet-h
to the 9-, and is pi. of the former, also written
ji*.*^l, but this form is disapproved by MF, as
has been shown above, (TA, [in several copies
of the KL incorrectly written ju*.*^!,]) [lit. means
One of the ones ; and] is applied to a great, or
mighty, event ; (L, J£, TA ;) one that is difficult,
distressing, grievous, or terrible. (L, TA.) You
say, ju»-^)t ^J*-L> ^1 [the last of which words
is here again written in several copies of the K
.Aa^l] He brought to pass a grievous, and great,
or mighty, event, (K, TA,) when you desire to
express the greatness and terribleness of an event.

(TA.) You also say, ^j*.^! «*■>■• 0"&, and
^j j*-"^l J>«*l^, (%., TA,) the latter in one copy
of die K written ^>j »v»-1 Jl ju^U, in which the
latter word is pi. of the former, (TA,) and jj*-\j
>W^1, and j^^l ^J^-J, (¥, TA,) like a phrase
before mentioned, only the former is applied to a
calamity, and this to an intelligent being, and
written in the two manners before mentioned, the
difference being only in application, (TA, [in
several copies of the K here again written jjp «v»J

jx^l, and in the CK j—^l ^5-x— l',]) and ^J»t

,jjj^^I, (Et-Tes-heel,)and >U.^I ^ji-J, (TA,)
which are expressions of the utmost praise, (I Aar,
AHcytli, K,) [lit. Such a man is one of the ones ;
meaning] such a one is unique among the uniques;
(TA;) one who has no equal; unequalled; in-
comparable. (IAar, Tes-heel.) It seems that the
form of pi. used in the phrase ,jj j*-^)t j*.\ is
used only as applied to rational beings ; but it is
said in the Expositions of the Tes-heel that this
phrase signifies One of the calamities ; the form
of die rational pi. bekig given to nouns significant
of things deemed great, mighty, or grievous.

27

(AHeyth.) In the phrase j».NI ijJ»-}, the fem.
forms are said to be used for the purpose of giving
intensiveness to the signification, as though the
meaning were ^fejjjJt <u*b, the word i^b be<ng
[an intensive epithet] from :U> as signifying
intelligence, or intelligence mixed with craft or
cunning and forecast ; or by i-Alj being meant a
calamity. (Expositions of the Fs, TA.) AHei
thought ^jj j*-^l j>fcl to be an epidiet applied to
a male, and j»Nt ^J»| to be applied to a
female : but his opinion has been refuted by Ed-
Demameenee in the Expos, of the Tes-heel : and
this latter author there remarks, that in expressions
meant to denote praise [of a man], j».l and
ii.**.! are prefixed to their own proper pis., as
Oj-*"-' and •*■*' i or to an epithet, as in the case
of &i«M j^f [One of the learned] ; but that they
have not been heard prefixed to generic nouns.
(TA.) You say likewise, Ulj»( ^1 y* He is
born of noble, or generous, ancestors, both on the
father's and the mother's side; speaking of a
man and of a camel. (L and K in art. j*-_j.) And
U1 jt*>] ^t ^1 j^^l IJ^yoyu ^ None will manage
this thing, or affair, but a noble, or generous,
man. (AZ, L in art j-»j.) And ♦ y\ \ t m j i &mi "9
lyjl ju»J ^1 [None will be able to perform tt but
a noble, or generous, man]. (L in art. j»).)__
One instance is mentioned, of the occurrence, in
a trad., of i_CJ*-l not used as a part of a number
[i. e. not as a part of the compound ij^c- t_£J*-J]
nor as a prefixed noun; viz., *~-> ^>o ^j*-I
[One of seven] ; in which 5Lj_> is said to mean the
nights of 'Ad [during which that tribe was de-
stroyed], or the years of Joseph [during which
Egypt was afflicted with dearth], (MF, from the

Faik &c.) _ Used in a negative phrase, j*-l
signifies Any one with whom one may talk or
speak : and in this manner it is used without
variation as sing, and pi. and fem. (S) as well as
masc. (Msb.) You say, jljJI ^ ju>-l ^ [There
is not any one in the house] : but you do not say,
j*.l l^i [as meaning the contrary]. (S.) We
read in the Kur [lxix. 47, this ex. of its use as a

* ' J9 » * I • 9 J9 "

masc. pi.], <jjj9.\j- 4ia j*.l ^_yo V^- 8 W [ And
not any persons of you should have withheld me
from punishing him], (S.) And in the same
[xxxiii. 32, we find this ex. of its use as a fem.
pi.], >t~JI t>« j*-0 >jwJ [Ye are not like any

others of women]. (S.) __ It is also used in

• ' * • '

interrogative phrases ; as in the saying, «*»-l Ja

• * 9 I'

IJj» J-u> ^j\j [Has any one seen the like of this?] ;

(A'Obeyd, L ;) and in the saying, Ul< j*. C [for

• - 1 »

j*-l U, O, Aas any on« seen her, or tt ?]. (I.,

from a trad.) __ It is [said to be] also used in the

sense of ',-w [meaning Anything], applied to an

• • .i ' ! • a

irrational being ; as in the saying, «x—l i >« jt jJy U

ljU»- *9I There is not in the house anything,
rational or irrational, except an ass : so that the
thing excepted is united in kind to that from
which the exception is made [accord, to this ren-
dering ; but this instance is generally regarded as
one in which the thing excepted is disunited in
kind from that from which the exception is made].

4«

28

(Mfb.) So too in the $ur Ix. 11, accord, to the
reading of Ibn-Mes'ood: (Msb :) but others there
read '^j-, which may mean any one or any thing.
(Bd,Jel.)_^»,(¥,) asalsoji^tj^, (S,
Msb,) as a proper name, (Msb,) is applied to
A certain day ; (£ ;) [Sunday;] the first day of
the weeh ; or, as some say, [i. e. as some term it,]
the second of the meek ; (TA ;) for the Arabs are
said, by IAar, to have reckoned the Sabbath, or
Saturday, as the first, though they called Sunday
the first of the days: (Mfb in art. *-»»-:) it is
sing., and masc. : (Lb :) pi. [as above, i. e.]

jU.7 (S, Msb, $) and o»ji.l : (K :) or it has no
pi. (K : [but in the TA this last observation is
very properly restricted, as relating only to j*-l
as syn. with j»-Ij, and as applied to any unknown
person.]) In this sense, it has no dim. (Sb, in S,
art. jj— »l.) — iU-^t in lexicology signifies What
have been transmitted by some of the lexicologists,
but not by such a number of them as cannot be
supposed to have agreed to a falsehood: what has
been transmitted by this larger number is termed
j3t>U. (Mz 3rd ay.)

, ■ ' V ferns, of j»l, q.

1*J*.I The unity of God; (Msb;) as also
«i »"» - _

i-Jl j*-^- (L and K in art. j^-j)

- - 1 , .1

>U-I [accus. of jU.1] is imperfectly decl., be-
cause of its deviation from its original, (S, K,)
botli in form and in meaning ; (S ;) [being

changed in form from I •**-!> and in meaning

* * * * * * » * *

from I j— \ } to I j*-\) tj»1_} : (see «i»*5ll} :)] you

say, >U-I jU-t Ij3V» [j 1 *- 1 being repeated for
die purpose of corroboration,] meaning, 7%«y
came one [and] one, one [and] one; or one [by] one,

one [by] one. (S, K.) The dim. of >U.I is * j v m-\,
perfectly decl., liko w-«Ju [q. v.] &c. (S, in art.
»iJU.)

• •» I „ f , <

>-»-! dim. of j»l, q. v.

«... J . . 1

jk«»t : see jU.1.

l£j*»>l dim. of i£»A*>l fem. of jsJ, q. v.

i. J,-.' (s, Msb,?:) 4&, (? ; TA .) *»•/,

(Msb, £,) inf. n. i>*-l, (Msb,) or ijm*\, and i^-t ,
(TA,) or this last is a simple subst ; (Msb ;) and
4a* J^.1, aor. * , inf. n. &L\ ; (Kr, TA ;) He
retained enmity against him in his bosom, watching
for an opportunity to indulge it, or exercise it ;
or hid enmity against him in his bosom ; or bore
rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, against
him : (S, Mfb, $ :*) and he was affected with
anger ($, TA) against him, such as came upon
him suddenly from the retention or hiding of
enmity in the bosom, or from rancour, male-
volence, malice, or spite. (TA.)

3. ZmS, (TA,) inf. n. S^£, (S, ?,) He

treated him, or regarded him, with enmity, or
hostility. (?,•£,• TA.)

J-1 — M*\

i~»~\ Retention of enmity in the bosom, with
watchfulness for an opportunity to indulge it,
or exercise it ; or concealment of enmity in the
bosom ; or rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite :
(S, Mfb, K :) and anger (I£, TA) coining upon
one suddenly therefrom : (TA :) pi. ^j»-\. (S,
M?l>, K.) It is said in the S that one should
not say <U»- ; and this is disallowed by As and
Fr and Ibn-El-Faraj : in the T it is said that it is
not of the language of the Arabs; and As is
related to have disapproved of Et-Tirimmah for
using its pi. in poetry : but it is said in a trad.,
<U— w>«JI \^tti {fti U [There is not between
me and the Arabs retention of enmity in the
bosom, &c.]; and it occurs in another trad., in
a similar phrase ; and the pi., in a third trad. ;
therefore we say that it is a dial. var. of rare
occurrence. (TA.)

f-\ : see art. ^£.1

.t

C-i.1 fern, of ~.l, q. v. in art. ^»-l.

1. Ju».l, (S, A, L, &c.,) in the first pers. of

which, Oj>*-1, [and the like,] the i is generally
changed into O, and incorporated into the [aug-
mentative] O, [but in pronunciation only, for

A . i
one writes o.**-' and the like,] aor. - , imperative

±±., originally J*-5 1 > (?> ^0 which latter form
sometimes occurs, [but with j in the place of J
when the I is pronounced with damm,] (TA,)

inf. n. Ill (S, L, Mfb, K, &c.) and Jli.13, (S,
L, K,) the latter having an intensive signification ;
(MF ;) and S»-) is a dial, var., as mentioned
by Ibn-Umm-Kasim and others on the authority
of AHei ; (MF in art J*L-3 ;) He took ; he took
with his hand; he took hold of; (S, A, L, Mfb,
K;)athinrr. (S, L.) You say,>li-JI j£ and
>liuiJl/ S±. Take thou, or take thou with thy
hand, or take thou hold of, the nose-rein of the
camel : (S, L, Mfb :) the w> in the latter phrase

being redundant. (Mfb.) [And »juj J*-\, lit.
He took his hand, or arm ; meaning t he aided,
or assisted, him : a phrase of frequent occurrence.]
And t*£H* ju ^yi* j«-l ^ He prevented, restrained,
or withheld, such a one from doing that which he

desired; as though he laid hold upon his hand,

* * * * * t * * * * - f
or arm: (L:) and oj^jri t* oj-> f<*i {J* -"-*"'

[signifies the same]. (K in art. jJ0.)__Also,

inf. n. Jl».I, 7/c (ooA, or received; contr. of

| ^k«l. (L.) [Hence,] <U« J—.1, +7/e received
from him traditions, and tA« ZtA«. (TA passim.)
__t [He took, or derived, or deduced, a word,
a phrase, and a meaning.] _— I He took, received,
or admitted, willingly, or wt<A approbation; he
accepted. (B, MF.) So in the ?Lur [vii. 198],
y\j&\ S*. X [Take thou willingly, or accept thou,
superfluous property, or such as is easily spared
by others]. (MF.) So too in the same [iii. 75],

\Jj-o\ jjiii (_jj* ^J->*-b t [And do ye accept
my covenant to that effect ?]. (B.) [And in the
phrases, SlJ^J! Ji W ^V J^i^ ^i*-',

[Book I.

(Jel ii. 60,) and S\jy3\ ^ W J^o\ ^Js., (Idem
ii. 87,) + We accepted your covenant to do
according to what is in the Book of the Law
revealed to Moses.] «iUt J>*. [is elliptical, and]
means '!^*Jl_j i^JI JUp e>^ Jy I U »x*- 1 [^icrepr
thou what I say, and dismiss from thee doubt
and obstinate disputation]. (S, L.) — He took
a thing to, or for, himself ; took possession of it;
got, or acquired, it; syn. j U- ; (Z, Er-Raghib, B ;)
which, accord, to Z and Er-Raghib and others,
is the primary signification ; (MF ;) and J-a*--
(B.) [See also 8.] — [ lit took and kept ;] he
retained; he detained : as in the ]£ur [xii. 78],
Ait£« U j*-l J^i [Therefore retain thou one of
us in his stead]. (B.)_ [He took, as meaning

J»A »• * ' t

he took away. Hence,] je—H 4JU JA.I Journeying,

* .5i

or travel, took from him strength ; (»>*)t being
understood ;) weakened him. (Har p. 529.) And
y^dM ^ J^.1, (Mgh,) and ^ill! o^, (Mfb,)
He clipped, or cut off from, (Mgh, Mfb,) the
mustache, (Mgh,) and the hair. (Mfb.)_JEfc,
or it, took by force ; or seized : (B :) t he, or it,
overcame, overpowered, or subdued : said by some
to bo the primary signification. (MF.) [See
also I^JLft » .U.I, &c, in nrt. ^ic : and Jyi ,>• »J^.t,
&c, in art. Jy.] It is said in the Kur [ii. 256],

*•* ..I. Kit '

>y "n)j <U_> «Jk».U "^ f A cither drowsiness nor
sleep shall seize [or owrawie] 7/tm. (B.) [And
you say, Sj>»j <uj»l fA tremour seized, took,

affected, or influenced, him. And <uk/ »J^-'
■f- /ft* ft«Wy affected him with a desire to evacuate

it.] You say also, v'i~" *«* •**■' t TVie nunc
affected him, orinfiuenced him, so that he became in-
toxicated. (TAinart. J*j.) AndJ.lpl jui-l (Mfb

in art jy, &c.) and ^t^y J^-l ( 'S ' » art. ^y**-,
&c.) f [It had an overpowering influence upon
the head] ; meaning wine. (Mfb, K.) And
JLLjW Ji-t [It (food, &c.) choked], (IAar in
art. w-j in the TA, and S in art. jlw, &c.) And

JJli jl» aJ Jt».C •$ t [Nothing that any one
»nay »ay »e»'W mm any power, or effect, or tn-
fluence, upon him] ; meaning that he obeyeth no
one. (L in art. C~e).)_2fe took captive. (L,

Mfb, B.) So in die £ur [ix. g], Q t fyi fftjffiS

•i Ji^ «J ii -* i»^

>kjjk«-j j+\y£ j +} *i-e^ [7%e» «tay ye fAc oe-
lievers in a plurality of gods w/iercver, or wAen-
«»«•, ye find them, and take them captives], (Bd,
L, B.)^See also 2, in three places. — He
gained the mastery over a person, and hilled, or
slew, him ; (Zj, L;) as also t J^l : (L :) or simply,
t lie killed, or slew. (B.) It is said in the I£ur

[xl. 5], ♦jji-W jiJf-j* *" J^» « S ^* » meaning
[Anrf erery nation hath purposed against their
apostle] that they might gain the mastery over
him, and slay him ; (Zj, L ;) or t that they might

slay him. (B.) t He (God, Mfb) destroyed a

person : (Mfb, MF :) and t extirpated, or exter-
minated. (MF.) ^rtyXi <&T>ii±.U [in the
K. ur iii. 9 and xl. 22] means But God destroyed
them for their sins. (Jel.)__I He punished, or
chastised; (L, Mfb,B,K, MF;) as also* ji.f:

i » • I

(L, Msb, MF :) as in the phrasrs, aJJo »J^t

Book I.]

(M|b, $•) and *y * iji.T, inf. n. of the latter
Sj*.l£*, (S, L, Msb, £,) : he punithed, or chas-
tised, him for his sin, or offence: (Mfb:) and
<ui Xf J*-l means t A« wa* restrained and re-
quited and punished for his sin, or offence : (L :)
or, accord, to some, J^.1 signifies he extirpated,
Or exterminated; and * «**.! he punished, or cAa»-
twerf, without extirpating, or exterminating.
(MF.) [For * J*J,] some say ji.tj, (S, L.)
which is not allowable, (£,) accord, to some; but
accord, to others, it is a chaste form ; (MF ;) of
the dial, of El- Yemen, and used by certain of the
seven readers [of the Kur-an] in the instance of
'Jb\ '^aidS^t «9 [ii. 226 and v. 91] ; and the
inf. n. in that dial, is S j±-\y», and the imperative
is iiSy (Msb.)^I He made a violent assault
upon a person, and mounded him much. (K, TA.)
[You say also, <«jLJL> »jJL.\, meaning ^ He as-
sailed him with his tongue; vituperated him;
sjwke against him.} — [ He took, tooh to, or
adopted.] You say,^ij».t .U-l and^^kji-j Sec.:
see Ji.1, below. And I ji> Jj> ,J> ji-l [He

+ * •* ****** rt

'oofc xuc/i a nW] : and *jU^ *t «jU^ L >c J*±.\ [he
tooh the may by, or on, the right of him,
or it, or the left of him, or it]. (S in art.
jiii.) [And>>JW i*-', and>>JI ^J>, (the
former the more common, the latter occurring
ia art. 1>j»- in the K,) t He tooh the course pre-
scribed by prudence, discretion, precaution, or
good judgment ; he used precaution : and, like
■U.llb Jko-I, f A« foofc tAe jure course in his affair.]
And I j J>». J^.1 f 1/e tooA care ; became cautious,
or vigilant. (Bd in iv. 73 and 103.) [And Jwi.1
O"^ tJ^ W + ^ e to"*- *°> or adopted and fol-
lowed, or adhered to, what such a one said : see Har
p. 3U7 ; where it is said that JjU when thus used
is made trans, by means of v because it implies
the meaning of £-. '">.]— .He too A to, set about,
began, or commenced; as in the saying, JjuL; Jji-I
ljj> Zfe tooh to, set about, began, or commenced,
doing such a thing ; in which case, accord, to Sb,
jkB-l is one of those verbs -which do not admit of
one's putting the act. part. n. in the place of the
verb which is its enunciative : [i. e., one may not
say 'jkftU in the place of J-*ij in the phrase above :]
and as in \J£» ^ S»-\ He began, commenced, or
entered upon, such a thing. (L.)__[It is used
in a variety of other phrases, in which the primary
meaning is more or less apparent ; and several of
these will be found explained with other words
occurring therein. The following instances may

be here added.] __iU, ^j J».L. Jj^Jo [A road
leading into, or through, a tract of sand]. (KL in
art. jji.) And 4-^JI £ J> j^J' >irf i*I
[The road lead them otherwise than in the beaten

trach]. (T* and A in art. r> j.) Ji3 JjJ U

^». j-~» ^tfi. t My eye hath not seen thee for
some time; like jfySi U. (T in art. jit.) And

^y^t o J>i-U j>».l ^j^JI ^ *«• [explained to me by
Ibr D as meaning' t There is not in the tribe any
one whom my eye regards as worthy of notice or
resect by reason of his greatness therein]. (TA

in art.^*-.)_lju »jm» ojui-l, and Ujjjm : see

8. = 'jjJ, aor. - , inf. n. J*-l, (S, L, K,) .He (a
young camel) suffered heaviness of the stomach,
and indigestion, from the milk : (S :) or became
disordered in his belly, and affected with heaviness
of the stomach, and indigestion, from taking much

milk. (L.) He (a camel, L, K, or a sheep or

goat, L) became affected by madness, or demoniacal

possession ; (K ;) or by what resembled that. (L.)
*.»•* • « t . . * • * _. ,

-y Oj*-l, aor. - , inf. n. j^l, Jits eye be-
came affected by inflammation, pain, and swelling,
or ophthalmia,

aor. -
sour.

inf. n,

(Ibn-Es-Seed, L, K.»)==J-.I,
Siji.1 , /i (milk) wai, or became,

(£.) [SeeJ-U.]

2. i5 ji-t, (S, L, K,*) inf. n.

XA (8, L,)

<SA« captivated, or fascinated, him, (namely, her
husband,) and restrained him, by a hind of en-
chantment, or charm, and especially so as to with-
hold him from carnal conversation with other
women ; (S,* L, K,* TA ;) as also * aj S**.\ ; and
t ajJlA.T [of which the inf. n. is app. iU~;J ]. (L,

TA.) A woman says, t J U» >^*-3' -^ captivate,
or fascinate, my husband, by a hind of enchant-
ment, or charm, and withhold him from other
women. (L, from a trad.) And one says, of a
man, <u!j-»l ,j* J^->j 2T« withholds others [by a
kind of enchantment, or charm,] from carnal
conversation with his wife. (Mfb.) The sister of
Subh El-'Adce said, in bewailing him, when he
had been killed by a man pushed towards him

upon a couch-frame, or raised couch, V Oj^l

j& jSjte& «*fWtj i^rOii J^Jij ^^i <&

^5UI -lilc j*-t [J withheld from thee by enchant-
ment the rider and the runner and the walker and
the sitter and the stander, and did not so withhold
from thee the prostrate]. (L.) And one says of

a beautiful garment, »J^.U o^ 1 " ->*•' [/'
captivated hearts in a manner peculiar to it] :
(K in art. j-o»- : [in the CK, incorrectly, o Jki.1
and .jyiji:]) and <^JJL> Jl^.1 [He, or tl, ca;»-
tivated his heart ; or] A« [or it] pleased him, or
excited his admiration. (TA in art. a) I.) ass

jj-UI J^-t, inf. n. as above, 2fe made the milk
sour. (£.) [SeelfcT.]

- % * » * »

3. Jyi-I, inf. n. »J^I£* : see 1, in the middle

portion of the paragraph, in five places.

4. Jk»-1, inf. n., app., iU~>l : see 2.

8. Jut, .7.11 [written with the disjunctive alif
JjLZjI] occurs in its original form ; and is changed
into J»JI [with the disjunctive alif Jw>JI] ; this

being of the measure JjusI from J^.1, the [radical]
• being softened, and changed into O, and incor-
porated [into the augmentative O] : hence, when
it had come to be much used in the form of Jjuil
[thus changed], they imagined the [former] O to
be a radical letter [unchanged], and formed from
it a verb of the measure J<ai, aor. Jjuu ; saying,
aor. ii > '.' , (S, L, Msb,*) inf. n. j— J and

(Msb:) and ~jti-Z* I [written with the dis-
junctive alif JaLZ.'l], of which exs. will be found
below, is also used for Jxi»3l ; one of the two Os

being changed into ^, like as ^ is changed into

I • t

Cj in Cw [for ^J"] : or J.*.-., I may be of the

29

measure Jjou-1 from JukJ ; one of the two os
being suppressed ; after the manner of those who
say oJJ* for cJlXJU: (8, L:) and IAth says

■I '

that j*»3t, in like manner, is of the measure s J*Ci\

from JmJi ; not from J^l : (L and K in art.

Jut.? :) but IAth is not one who should contradict

J, whose opinion on this point is corroborated

by the fact that they say ypl from <ljl , and i>*3l

• • •» ,-a- #•• *

from fj^*\, and J^l from J*l ; and there are

other instances of the same kind : or, accord, to
some, JufeJI is from J^, a dial. var. of .*•.!,
and is originally J^J)t. (MF.) [The various
significations of JuteJI and jdi-j and J*i.. ~ A will
be here given under one head.] _ You say,
JUiJI J, l^j-Liij, (S,L,?,») and ^jLi\ J,
(Mfb,) with two hemzehs, (S, L,^C,) or, correctly,
I^Jul ijt , with one hemzeh, [or 1^ J*~^l,] as two
hemzehs cannot occur together in one word,
(marginal note in a copy of the S,) [but in a
case of wafl, the first hemzeh being suppressed,
the second remains unchanged,] They took, or
seized, (1j.i*.l,) one another (S, L, Mfb, 1£) in
fight, (S, L,) and t'n war ; (Mfb ;) and so
bjj^JI. (Mfb.) And j>^&\ J»^t The people,
of company of men, wrestled together, each taking
hold in some manner upon him wlio wrestled with
him, to throw him down. (L, TA.) — [J*-Jl,
as also ♦ -It* " A, and] J-m-3, aor. - , (K in art.
J-i-3,) inf. n. iLi and jJLi, (TA in art. J»-3,)
likewise signifies t. q. J^.1, (K in art. J—~J, and
B and TA in the present art.,) as meaning He
took a thing to, or for, himself; tooh possession
of it ; 170?, or acquired, it ; syn. j\t— and J~a»--
(B, TA.) Some read, [in the $ur, xviii. 76,]

1^4-1 AgAe oJ-Jj [Thou mightest assuredly have
taken' for thyself a recompense for it]: (S,L, K
in art. j«J, and TA in the present art :) this
is the reading of Mujahid, (Fr, TA,) and is
authorized by I 'Ab, and is diat of Aboo-'Amr
Ibn-El-'Ala and AZ, and so it is written in the
model-copy of the £ur, and so the readers [in
general] read: (AM, L, TA:) so read Ibn-Ketheer
and the Bafrees; he and Yaakoob and Haff
pronouncing the J ; the others incorporating it
[into the O] : (Bd :) some read OJ> r } ; (L
and K in art. Jj--' ;) but these read at variance
widi the scripture. (AM, L, TA.) Lijl ™ S-- ' •■ i l
is a phrase mentioned by Mbr as used by some
of the Arabs, (S, L,) and signifies i. q. UJaJ I
[He took for himself a piece of land], (S, L, K.)
And IjJJ Ati3\ [in the ^Lur, ii. 110, &c.,] signifies
He got a son, or offspring. (Bd &c. See also
below.) And J**J, aor. - , inf. n. j*i_3 and .U-j,
also signifies He gained, acquired, or earned,
wealth, (L, and Mfb in arts. j*-l and J-i^,) or
a thing. (Mf b.)^t j^ ^^JLc ▼ JA . 7 »1 and^* jUc
signify alike, t. q. J^Jt [2T< did fo *Aem a
benefit, or favour ; as though he earned one
for himself in prospect, making it to be incum-
bent on them as a debt to him]: (ISh:) and
U«ju »jw« oj-LJI means [in like manner,
as also UjjJto »j-^ * oJ«-(, and Ij^;, (and J*^l
4-s has a similar meaning; see Kttr xviii.

30

85 ;)] I did to him a benefit, or favour ; syn.
4)1 <£j-A (Mh1> in art. ^J-.) — j_»5l also
signifies 2fe nw//c a thing ; syn. J-»* ; like J*-J,
[aor. - ,] inf. n. J-«j and J-wJ: (L:) he made, or
manufactured, a bow, a water-skin, &c, I jib ^j-o
o/* »»rA a tAtnjr : Ae wia<f«, or prepared, a dish
of food, a medicine, &c. : either absolutely or
for himself. (The Lexicons passim.) — Also
He made, or constituted, or appointed; syn.
Jji— ; doubly trans.; (B, Msb;) and so J-iJ.
(Msb in art. j-«J.) You say, Uu.J-0 »j*-JI He
made him [or took him as] a friend ; (Msb in
the present art.;) and so »j-wj. (Idem in art.
j»J.) And f$>i »j-w5t [in'thcKur ii. 63 and
231, &c.,] means He made him, or it, a subject
of derision. (Bd, J el.) And tjJj » j»-jl [in
tho same, xii. 21 and xxviii. 8,] He made him,
or took or adopted him as, a son. (Bd. See
also above.)

10. J^..'..iT, written with the disjunctive alif

j-L£*l : see 8, in four places. [Other meanings

• * I*' '

may be inferred from explanations of j-»U...«,

q. v. infra.]

j-U inf. n. of J-U, q.v.—f A way, or »w.n-
ner, of life ; as also t j-U. (8, L, (.) You say,

,*-jUU-J .>••■ O^ ** H-*i, (9i Li K,*) and

♦ _V» J-U , (L, ]£,) tho former of the dial, of
Tcmecm, and the latter of the dial, of El-Hijaz,
(TA,) meaning t The sons of such a one went
away, or passed away, and those who took to their
way of life, (S, L, It,) and adopted their manners,
or dispositions : (K :) and ^»» j-U j-U ^» and

* V* j"U , and >• J*. I » j-i-l ,>• [in the CK

^»j_wl] and *^*J-U, signify [virtually] the
t j j » S * » f • » • —>*'<*

same : (K :) or >»>J-U J-U u-* nn(1 f >•* J-U

iif. .- **4*l***f *' f.t '

signify [properly] ^J^wj^a j*U a j-U ^>o [<Ao*e

n>Aom <Ae*r way of life took, or influenced]. (ISk,

S, L.) One says also, >li)l ,ic o# JJcU

* « J-U j-U Uj, with kesr, meaning f [iSucA a
one wa» appointed prefect over Syria,] and he
did not take to that good way of life which it was
incuml>ent on him to adopt : you should not say

»Jh_L.1 : (AA, S, L :) or it means and what was

adjacent to it : (Fr, L :) or, accord, to the Wa?ee,

. . . * ' J ' t * 1 •** * ' • *

one says, in this case, " »J-»-l j-i.1 Uj and s, J.-..I

and T • J-U, with kesr and fet-h and damm [to the
hemzch, and with the i marfooah, as in instances
before]. (Et-Tedmuree, MF.) One also says,

t U J-L.L. O j-W L* c-!a_» J, (S, L,) with kesr to

* ** ' » • <

the I, (L,) [in a copy of the 8 Uj-Uy, which

seems to be also allowable, accord, to the dial, of

Temeem,] meaning Wert thou of us, then thou

kad.it taken to, or wouldst take to, our manners,

or dispositions, and fashion, (8, L,) and garb, and

way of life. (L.) The words of the poet,

. * > • . - • - * * j j» j ty*

• *V=> j_»b U j-U U. V-^» JL» •

I Aar explains as meaning ylnrf were ye of us, we
had caught and restored to you your camels : but
no other says so. (L.) —_ J-i.^! >>*J 7%e 3/an-

*»'onj <>/■ the Moon ; (S, L, K ;) also called jty+i
• ty^t; (L; [see art ,y ;]) called by the former

Juki

appellation because the moon every night enters
(,J JukW) one of those mansions : (S, L :) or the
stars which are cast at those [devils] who listen by
stealth [to the conversations of the angels] : (L, K :)
but the former explanation is the more correct.
(L.) See also JU.1.

Jti»t, whence » J-i.1 JuU U : see J»l. ___ It is
also a pi. of iU-l ; (S, L ;) and of j-i.1 or i J-i.1 ,
explained below with iU-t. (L.)

J*.t [The act o/ taking, taking with the hand,

tec], a subst. from J>i_l. (S, L, Msb.) — See

« • t * '
also J->>l, in nine places. —And see iU-l

Also A mark made with a hot iron upon a cameTs

side when a disease therein is feared. (K.)

j-U Heaviness of the stomach, and indigestion,

of a young camel, from the milk. (]£.) [See
. t * > l

j_U.]__Sec also j_>t.

j-wl A young camel disordered in his belly, and
affected with heaviness of the stomach, and indi-
gestion, from taking much milk. (AZ, Fr, L.)

[See also ^U»J-j..] A camel, or a young camel,

or a sheep or goat, affected by what resembles
madness, or demoniacal possession. (L.)_— A
man affected with inflammation of the eye ; with
pain and swelling of the eye ; with ophthalmia ;

(S, L ;) as also * j-i.U— «. (L.) See also this
latter. _ See also j__t.

j-i.1 (S, L, 1£) and * j-i.1, (Ibn-Es-Seed, L,
K,) which latter is the regular form, (L,) Inflam-
mation of the eye ; pain and swelling of the eye ;
ophthalmia. (S, L, 1£.)

■ * • i . # * f _ « ,

I J-U [inf. n. un. of j-*.l, viw act o/ taking,

Six. : an act of punishment, or chastisement, or
r/ic Me ; as in the Kur lxix. 10 : pi. ol j-i.1]. —
^yjl j-i.1 Ij j».t 7%ey tooA t/teir ^iace* o/ aoode.
(IAth and L, from a trad.)

i>ij _ , . . . ,

S J-kl ^1 manner o/ taking, or seising, of a man

with whom one is wrestling: pi. j-i.1. (L.) —

A kind of encfiantment, or fascination, like j**-*,

(S, L, Msb,* K,) which captivates the eye and the

like, (L,) and by which enchantresses withhold

their husbands from other women ; called by the

vulgar i»bj and jJLe ; and practised by the women

in the time of ignorance : (TA :) or a kind of

bead (ijj*; S, L, K) with which one captivates,

or fascinates, or re«trata« ; (]£ ;) with which

women captivate, or fascinate, or re»trat», men,

(8, L,) and withhold them from other women :

(L:) or *. q. -^5,. (A.) — A pitfall dug for

s * * l I * »' • *
catching a lion. (A, TA.) __jUI »j_i.l JjjjV jiW

[Strive thou to be before the time called (that of)
jUI » J_U nntA tAy wooden instrument for pro-
ducing fire ; i. e. haste thou to use it before that
time;] means <Ae time a little after the prayer
of sunset; asserted to be the worst time in which
to strike fire. (£.)

• ' • *.' .

SJ-i.1 : see j U-t.

iU.1 and ' SiU.1 A pool of water left by a
torrent : pi. j-kl : ( AO, K :) both signify the
same: (L:) or * »3-i.l signifies a thing like a

[Book I.

t »
pool of water left by a torrent; and iU.1 is its

pi. [or a coll. gen. n.] ; and the pi. of this latter
is j*.!, like as wy»-» is pi. of ^^=3, and some-
times it is contracted into j-i.1 : (S, L :) the like
of this is said by Aboo-'Adnan : (L :) and OliU.1
is also a pi. of SiU.1 , occurring in a trad., and sig-
nifying pools which receive the rain-water, and
retain it for drinkers : (IAth, L :) or the correct
word is iU.1 , without 5, and it signifies a place

where beasts assemble at a pool of water left by a

« » i
torrent; and its pi. is j->.l (A A, A'Obeyd, L)

and iU.1, which latter is extr. : (L :) but as to
* SiU.1 , it has a different signification, which will
be found below ; i. e. land of which a man takes
possession for himself, &c. : (AA, L :) or JU.I is
a coll. gen. n., and * »iU-J is its n. un., and sig-
nifies a receptacle made for water to collect therein :
and V J-i.1 signifies a thing that one digs for him-
self, in the form of a watering-trough, which
retains water for some days ; and its pi. is

O' j-»-l : ( L :) and * j-wl and * i j-i.1 also signify
a thing that one digs in the form of a watering-
trough; and the pi. is j-U and jU.1. (L.) In a
trad, of Mesrook Ibn-El-Ajda', iU.1 are likened
to the Companions of Mohammad ; and it is added,
that one * SiU.1 suffices for a rider ; and one, for
two riders ; and one, for a company of men : (S,
L :) meaning that among them were the young
and the old, and the possessor of knowledge and
the possessor of more knowledge. (L.)_See

also SiU.1.

» .

Je-vl t. q. t i>i-U [Taken ; taken with the
hand; &c.]. (Msb.) — A captive: (S, L, Msb,
K :) fem. with S. (S, L.) Hence the saying,
tAe-JI j>e*i.l o-° V*^ 9 ' More lying than the
captive of the army: meaning him whom his
enemies have taken captive, and whom they desire
to conduct them to his people, and who lies
to them to his utmost. (Fr, L.) [Sec another
ex. voce ^jU.'.-i.]— A strange, or foreign, old
man. (K.)

5JU.I Land which a man, (S, L, Kl,) or a Sul-
tan, (S, L,) taliesfor himself; as also * iU.1 : (S,
L, K :) or land which a man takes for himself, and
brings into a state of cultivation after its having
been waste : (AA, Mgh, L :) or waste land which
the owner gives to him who shall cultivate it :
(Mgh :) and land which the Imam gives to one,
not being property, (!£,) or not being the property

of another. (TA, as from the I£.) See also

JU-I , in five places. _ Also The handle of a
[shield of the kind called] tU -j - *. ; (K ; [in the L
written

with the «. before the -. ;]) also
called its >J\i$. (L.) C *"

i JgM A thing that is taken by force. (L.)
[See also j**.l.]

• n

iUfc.1 One who takes eagerly, or greedily : whence
1 1> • ii j •( .
the saying, iUi iU.1 ^1 \Z*i\ U Thou art none

otlier than one who taketh a thing eagerly, or

greedily, and then throweth it away quickly. (A.)

j-i.1, (as in some copies of the K, in both of

Book I.]

the senses here explained,) or * J*.1, (as iu other
copies of the r>, and in the L and TA, [but the
former is the more agreeable with the form of the
pi.,]) A camel beginning to become fat; (L, K ;)
or to become aged: ($:) pl.i*.»jt. (L.)-Milk
that bites the tongue; syn. voji. (&•) [See
J-U.]

Jki.U [A place where, or whence, a thing is
taken : pi. .UU.] [Hence,] ^£jl i*-U The
places whence birds are taken. (K, TA.) — [The
source of derivation of a word or phrase or mean-
ing.] —A way [which one takes] ; as in the
phrase, ^>'fy i*-U" &- Se went the nearest
way. (Msb. in art. j-a±.) — [See also 2, last
sentence but one.]

• 't' *• \

i>».U : see »-l.

opinion until after mine shall have been given],
(TA.) You say, Sj^lj »>fc.U *i* ^u [i« went
back, &c., ^r<m Aim, or it, once]. (Lh.) And
» **J| ^ ^i.VJ, or ^*9«, Be went back, &c.,
/row tAe thing, or «Ae' ajfat'r : Ae was, or became,
6eAi«<f, behindhand, or backward, with respect to
it: he held back, hung back, refrained, or ab-
stained, from it; and *J* *>.U-I signifies the
same. (The Lexicons in many places.) «U- tjtt

**& ▼ 0)j*&>. yJZ&t in *« S™' Tii - 32 and
other places', means And when their time is come,
for punishment, tAey will not remain behind, or
be respited, [any while, or] <Ae shortest time : or
*Aey shall not seek to remain behind, by reason of
intense terror. (Bd.)

10 : see 5, in three places.

t (

31

(S,) or behind. ($.) And \^/f i B \ *
tired backwards]. (A.) Andlji.tȣ.: see;*.!,
in two places.

'-• \ , '* i * ,'*

»jm.\ and 5^-v : see^i.

ijL\ and »i*>W: aeej±.T, in five places.

l\i\i 'tiki I sold it (namely the article of
merchandise, TA) with postponement of the pay-
ment; upon credit; for payment to be made at
a future period ; syn. b^> (§> A > ¥ '• e<

4^. (§.)

* ' »

ijm.\ and lji-\i : see j*A.

^ji.1 : see Ji.T, of which it is the fem. : and
see also fi-\.

,UJI ^>* j^-'yo j4-j -^ man nninAeld [by a
kind of enchantment or cluirm (see 2)] from
women. (L.)

jri't- : see what follows.

Ji-*'-"* [Requiring to be clipped; i. e.] long;
applied to hair. (I£.) ■ Lowering his head, or
stooping, (As, S, L, K,) by reason of inflammation
of the eyes, or ophthalmia, (As , S, L,) or fry
reason of pain, (As, S, L, £,) or from some other
cause; (Lj) as also t j*.', q. v. (TA.) Lowly,
or submissive, (A A, L, !£,) by reason of disease;
as also ▼ J*-J>-e. (AA, L.)

*»■'

2. >J, (S, K, &c.,) inf. n. ^4.0, ($,) is trans.
(S, K,&c.) and intrans.: (K:) as a trans, verb it
signifies He made to go back or backwards, to
recede, retreat, retire, or retrograde : lie put, or
drove, back : he put, or placed, behind, or after;
back, or backward: he made to be behind, or
posterior, or last: he made to remain behind, hold
back, hang back, or lag behind : he kept, or AeW,
frocA : Ae postponed, put off, procrastinated, de-
ferred, delayed, or retarded : he made backward,
or late: contr. of j>j*. (Msb, TA.)—.^^*.!
jjyi ^1\ He granted me a delay, or postponement,
to a certain term, or period. (TA in art. J»-l.)
s= For its significations as an intrans. verb, see 5,
in two places.

6. j^.0 is quasi-pass, of the trans, verb j*.\ ;
(S, A, Msb ;) i. e. He, or it, went back or JacA-
wards, drew back, receded, retreated, retired, or
retrograded : became put ^ov driven, back : became
put, or placed, behind, or after : became behind,
posterior, or last : he remained behind, or in the
rear; held back, hung back, lagged behind, or
delayed; was, or became, backward, or late : it was,
or became, kept bach, postponed, put off, procras-
tinated, deferred, delayed, or retarded : contr. of
j,"jX> : (TA :) and * jiX*\ is syn. therewith ;
(S, K :) and " jm-\, inf. n. j«±.U, signifies the
same, being intrans. as well as trans. (K.) An
ex. of the latter occurs in a saying of Mohammad

— '•*■*'«• i /.
to 'Omar : . J* " wU Retire thou from me : or
*^ •* ■

the meaning is, 2JUIj ^c- yk.\ [hold thou back
from me thine opinion; or reserve thou thine

'jiA [an epithet variously explained]. One
says', in reviling, (S, TA,) but not when the
object is a female, (TA,) 'j^\ «M J*i*, (Th, S,
A,&c.,) and v^l, (M,'&c.,) or this latter is
wrong, (Meshari'k of 'Iy4d, Mgh, Msb,) as is
also t>.^l, (Meshdrik of 'Iyad,) meaning J May
God alienate, or estrange, from good, or pros-
perity, or may God curse, him who is absent
from us, (A, Msb, TA,) distant, or remote :
(A, Msb :) or <Ae owteart ; <Ae alienated : (Msb :)
or him who is put back, and cast away : so says
Sh : or, accord, to ISh, Aim who is put back,
and remote from good : and he adds, 1 think
that t^*.^ is meant: (L:) or the base fellow :
or the most ignoble: or «Ae miserable wretch:
(Et-Tcdmuree and others :) or the last spealier :
(Nawadir of Th :) or ^.^1 is here a metonymy
for (Ae devil : (Lb :) it is a word used [for the
reason explained voce jJyl] in relating what has
been said by one of two persons cursing each
other, to the other; (Expositions of the Fs ;)
and the phrase above mentioned is meant to
imply a prayer for those who are present [by
its contrasting them with the person to whom it
directly applies]. (A.) One also says, \^.j+ "}
jd^\j, [alluding to a particular person,] meaning
[May the place, or land, not be ample, or spacious,
or roomy,] to the remote from good. (TA.) It
is said in a trad, of M&zin, ^jj ji j*-*)l £>\
Verily the outcast, (Mgh, Msb,) or Ae roAo is
remote, and held back, from good, (Mgh,* TA,)
liath committed adultery, or fornication : the
speaker meaning himself; (Mgh, Msb ;) as
thoucrh he were an outcast. (Msb.) And in
another trad, it is said, t^»Jt > r >... A > j±-l <Uv~oJI
Begging is the most ignoble [mode of] gain of
man: but El-Khattabee relates it with medd,
[i. e. tj*.1,] explaining it as meaning begging is
the last thing whereby man seeks sustenance when
unable to gain [by other means], (TA.)

jL\ The back, hinder, or latter, part: the
hindermost, or last, part : contr. ofjtji. (5.)

• S % 3

[See also j»-y ; from which it appears to be
distinguished by its being used only adverbially,
or with a preposition : and see j*-\.] You say,

\'jL\ <uy 4>£, and^i.1 &*, (S,£,*) Sis garment
was rent, or slit, in its back, or kinder, part,

%\yk.\ another fem. of j*.l. (K.)

ft • J S* & * "

1^1 and V^it and V^t : see^.1.

[,^4.1 and vjyj*.' Relating to the other state
of existence, or tAe world to come.]

1*.* and jL*.1 : see *jiS\, in five places. See

y * \
also j*-\.

^'j£\ dim. of ^>J, fem. ofji-T, q. v. (S.)

ji,T a subst., of the measure ji»«, but implying

the meaning of an epithet, ($,) from >.! in the

sense of >£, (TA,) Another; the otAer; o

thing [or person] other than the former or first ;

(L;) t. q.*£; C^O, 08 , 5 " *• P 1 "** 59 ^' *>"J
anotlier man, and >»T 4*y another garment or
jriece of cloth: (TA:) or one of two things
[or persons]; (S,Sgh,Msb;) as when you say,
iji, >Q lji» J&. J--«i*>>« »V The people
came, and one was doing thus, and one [i. e.
anotlier] thus: (Sgh,M|b:) originally meaning

more backward: (TA :) fem. ▼(^^ (9» M f b »
K) and ▼?«>■'; (SO which latter is not well
known : (MF :) pi. masc. 0}j±\ and >.» ; (S,
^;) [the latter irreg. as such ;] and, applied to
irrational things, ';*.$, like as J^lit is pi. of
Jiit : (Msb :) and pi. fem. Ol^it and jL\ ;
(S, Msb, ^ ;) which latter is imperfectly decl. ;
for an epithet of the measure J*i\ which is ac-
companied by o* has no [dual nor] pi. nor fem.
as long as it is indeterminate ; but when it has
the article J1 prefixed to it, or is itself prefixed
to another noun which it governs in the gen. case,
it has a dual and a pi. and a fem. ; but it is not
so with j*-T; for it has a fem. [and dual] and pi.
without j>» and without the article J» and with-
out its being prefixed to another noun : you say,
ji.T ^*.jv o£, and Jil JW# and o*j+.\,

and tjt^ *\j%t> and jit l£if, [I passed by
another man, and by other men, and by another
woman, and by other women;] therefore, as it
[namely y+A] is thus made to deviate from its
original form, [i. e. >.T, (I'Ak p. 287,) which
is of a class of words used, when indeterminate,
alike as sing, and dual and pi.,] and is [essentially
and originally] an epithet, it is imperfectly decl.,

though a pi. : but when you name thereby a man,
it ia perfectly decl., when inderminate, accord, to
Akh, or imperfectly decl. accord, to Sb. (8, L.)
The dim. of jdJ\ is *>^jl; the 1 with, the .
■uppremcd following the same rule as the I in
VjU : (TA :) and the dim. of ^ji.1 is t^jU-l-
(8.) See also ijj±.y\ voce^l.—^^i.! aJbel ^
yjlitl, (8,5,) or oy^l Jj±\, (S,) means J
roi'tf not do it ever i (8,5 :) or the latter, I will
not do it to the end of time. (8.) And ^£L\
j>\p\, The last of the people. (S,r>.) One says,

" '•!! '* f "

>j*M \£ji-\ yj> «U». He came among the last of

the people. (TA.) And ^-Cdt <J\£L\ ^i tU»
//« came among- thou who mere the last of the

people. (S, A, 5.) [See also JaX] In jijl

>-^)t olll, the last word is a mistake for jm^\,
q. v. (Mcsharikof 'Iydd.)

>U, (S, Msb, 50 an epithet, of the measure
J*U, (S,) and ?),*.!, (S, Msb,) The fcur; after-
most; hindmost: and the latter; after; hinder:
and [as a subst.] the end : contr. of Jjl : [or of
Jjl when used as a subst. :] (A, Msb, K :) or of

ft *•** J J *f

>j£u : (Lth, Msb :) or what is after the first or
former: (8:) fern, of the former lj*J: (S, Msb,
£ :) pi. [masc.] OlJ^ (S u r **▼•• 84, &c.,) and
(masc. and fem., Msb) J*.iy (8, Msb) and fem.
Ol>.l also: (Th:) and *je*.U is syn. with
ji*\)\ ; as in ^^1)1 ^*.U [occurring in the 8 and
£ in art. ^.^a-, meaning The last, or Jattw, parte,
or portions, of the night]. (TK1 in art ^j*..)
You say, \j±\ »U- and t UgsVl and t till and
T •j*-V> all meaning the same [i?* came lastly, or
latterly] : and in like manner, t £*J -^l isje U
and t i^Xf «5| [/ d^ ^t know it save at the last,
or lastly, or latterly]: (8:) or * jj^l .1^. and

* \jLi and t jji.t and t j£i.(, and * ZjL\ and

* *i*-V, Of.,) or t Ijll an d t ^, (Lh, L,) and
Sj*^ (TA) and * Cfjij and t {jj and » £j*l

and ? l,j^A.t (5) mean he came lastly of everything.

(SO It is said in a trad., respecting Mohammad,
i*'.. * ' l' ' t ' 't ' »"l it**,
mj|» « " v>f -^** O 1 >!;• *ij » j^i-V Jys> o^

I jib; t Jl& 2T« wed te *ay, at tA« end of his sitting,
when he desired to rise from the place of assembly,
thus and thus : or, accord, to IAth, it may mean,
in the last, or latter, part of his life. (TA.) And
you say, J&» J*,T jA&'| and J& ijdS\ (IAar,
M, K.) app. meaning (M) [I came to thee the
latter of two times;] the second of two times.
(M, £.•) And >kjj| 'jifs ij&f •) I will not
speak to him [to the end of time, or] ever. (A.)
[See a similar phrase above, voce J*J.] And
j+j4*\ O* la^W- [They came with the last of
them ; ^ being here syn. with ^> ; meaning
they came all, without exception]. (A.) [And

fr™ W ^ "*** ^' and *""» ■»* ^f*
U*/*-l^1, That was in the end of the month, and
of the year ; and tn the last days thereof] And

jeWjsU £)*j^ 'j(^i\ [The day lengthens] hour

by hour. (A.) See also jtV, last sentence

j^\ is a name of God, signifying [The last ; or]
He who remaineth after all his creatures, both
vocal and mute, have perished. (Nh.) _ o'>-*9l
The two hinder dugs of the she-camel ; opposed
to the CM& ; (TA;) the two dugs that are next
the thighs. (£.) _ 5*5)1,(5,) for ij^lj&l,
(Bd in ii. 3,) [and Jjj^t Jl^Jl,] and ▼ l- &i.'j)l,
(?0 [2** ^a««r, ultimate, or iwr, and <A« oM«r,
dwelling, or aWc, and Z(/e; i. e. the latter, ulti-
mate, or last, and <A« o<Act-, ttwrU; the world, or
/(/«, fo come; and (Ac ultimate state of existence,
in the world to come;] the dwelling, or abode,
[and life,] of everlasting duration : (5 :) [each]
an epithet in which the quality of a subst. pre-
dominates. (Z, and Bd ubi supra.) [Opposed to
\jji\. And ijm-\ also signifies The enjoyments,
blessings, or good, of the ultimate state; of the
other world; or of the world, or life, to come : in
which sense likewise it is opposed to Qt : (see
an ex. of both voce ctj, in art. a^: so too l^fytS.)]
— vKJ" S*$ (S,M 9 b,K,) and ^Jl,(Msb,)
and »jdJ\, (8 in art. ^»ji, and SO ai, d * *5J*-1*>
(?» Mgh, Msb, SO "hich is a rare form, or,
accord, to Yaakoob, not allowable, (8,) and

T »j*->», and T *J>»>*, and » »>•>, (S in art.

j>j&, and SO and * *^V*» ^ M?b ' W or *'■ is
a mUtake, (Mgh, Msb,) and t ijlj^, (5,) but
the first of all is the most chaste, (Mf b,) The thing,
(8,) or piece of wood, (Msb,) of th* earners
saddle, (S, Msb,) and of the horse's, (Msb,)
against which the rider leans [his bach]; (S,
Msb;) the contr. ofits3u>& [by which term <U*U
is meant the J*-lj] : (5 :) the Jx-lj of the camel's
saddle is the tall fore part which is next to the
breast of the rider ; and its »j±.\ is it* hinder part;
(Az, L;) i. e. its broad piece of wood, (Mgh,) or
its tall and broad piece of wood, (Az, L,) which
is against, or opposite to, (^iUj,) the head [and
bach] of the rider : (Az, Mgh, L:) [for] the S^Jt
and the J**l) are the oU^i., between which the
rider sits: this is the description given by En-
Nadr [ISh] ; and all of it is correct: there is no
doubt respecting it: (Az, L:) the pi. of SjdJ is
is ^.ly. (Msb.)--^! ijiJ: see ^1 J*|i.
— jA.\ and f j*J-l [accord, to some] also signify
Absent. (SO B ut see^A.1, second sentence.

1<>*.T: seej*.T.

.A

ji*i£\ dim. of j*U, q. v. (TA.)

^1 £y, (T, S, A, Mgh, Msb, 5, [in the
CS l*>->,]) said by AO, (Msb,) or A'Obeyd,
(TA,) to be better without teshdeed, from which
observation it is to be understood that teshdeed in
this case is allowable, though rare, but Az dis-
allows it, (Msb, TA,) and tfj*-y*, and * \?ji-\,
(SO [ rA « outer angle of tlie eye;] the part' of
the eye next the temple; (S, A, Mgh, Msb;) the
part next the J»UJ: (SO opposed to its>jl«,
which is the extremity thereof next the nose :' (8,
Mgh, Msb :) pi. 'jm.1,. (Mgh.) You say, ^M 'Jii

[Book I.

*' * '
^je» y^y** [fi looked at, or towards, me from

(lit. with) the outer angle of his eye]. (S.) _ «.

, * s •» • •» J* n •»

J*->l ^->*> and ejfji-y* : see j«.l.

j*>» The JacA, hinder, or Ja««r, parr of any-
thing: its hinder-most, or twr, parr: contr. of

* *'.' . , , t- . m .1 . , .

jtj** : as in the phrase, 4-tj >-^-» w>« [He
struck the back, or hinder part, of his head].
(S, Msb.) [See also>.l and>.T.] ji."j| \L.L»,

and <Oj»-y* : see^l.

>4*)l a name of God, [The Postponer, or
Delayer ;] He who postpones, or ac/ay*, things,
and puts tliem in their places : [or He who puts,
or keeps, back, or backward : or Zfe roAo degrades : ]
contr. ofJ>jiJ\. (TA.) — jljjl jlLi, and
*jj±.y»i see^a.1.

J*~f *i»-» -4 palm-tree of which the fruit
remains until the end of winter : (AHn, S and
until the end of tlie time of cutting off the fruit
of palm-trees : (S, M, S cont r- of jl£l« and
j£i: pl.^-U. (A.)

jtsVU [reg. pi. of jUJU] : sec^l, first sentence.

jd»\Z»: see its verb. _ [An author, or other
person, of the later, or more modern, times.]

C>->j~-\^-J\ in the S«r xv. 24 is said by Th to
mean Those who come to the mosque after others,
or late : (TA :) or it means those who are later
in birth and death: or those who have not yet
come forth from the loins of men : or those who
are late, or backward, in adopting the Muslim
religion and infighting against unbelievers and in
obedience. (Bd.)

1. Oj*.l, [third pcrs. U.I,] (S, K,) aor. yi.\S,
(S,) inf. n. JJ^.1; (S, Jfylu. ;) and tc4*T, (5,
TA,) [in the CK c~o-t, which is wrong in
respect of the pcrs., and otherwise, for it is cor-
rectly] with medd, (TA,) inf. n. 1U.I and iU.li«:
(Lth;) and tc-ei-U; (SO Thou becamest a
brother [in the proper sense of this word, and also
as meaning a friend, or companion, or the like].

(S,*S(*TA.) t»$«.l is also [used as] a simple
subst., (TA,) signifying Brotherhood; fraternity;
the relation of brother; as also ♦ ?U-I and !t*lL« ;
and t ^13 : (Lth, TA :) and the relation of sister.
(8.) You say, »'yL\ ££ ^ and *;u.l [& c .,
meaning] Between me and him is brotherhood.
(J K, TA.) And Cfc il,U»j£ «U.Cl)t ^ t [ Be-
tween liberality and courage is a relation like that
of brothers]. (TA.) And i'yL is a dial. var. of

•4 3 I

ty*-\, occurring in a trad. (IAth, TA.) = [It is

also trans.] You say, J^l* Oji-I I was, or be-
came, a brother to ten. (TA.)

2. -& jdU o4*1, (S, SO or ^W», (Msb, [so
accord, to a copy of that work, but probably this
is a mistranscription,]) inf. n. i-i.l3, (S, Msb,

SO * made a » ^ef- 1 [<!• T -] for the beast, (Msb,
SO an d ted the beast therewith ; (Msb ;) [and

Book I.}

so, app., " C^Al (which, if correct, is probably
of the measure cJLail) ; for it is related that] an

tit ~ ± *

Arab of the desert said to another, i t i.\ ,J " *~\
i_£jv-» VtJI kjjl f Make thou for me an i t ».\ to
which I shall tie my colt]. (TA.) And you say,
U>& i^Jt ^^i (j* jyS * ^LT t SucA a one
did a benefit to inch a one, and he mat ungrateful
for it. (TA.) [But perhaps «~l and ,^£.1 in
these two exs. arc mistranscriptions for «-t and

fit w

3. iu.1, (S, K,) vulgarly Ju.£, (S,) or the
latter is a dial. var. of weak authority, (K,* TA,)
said by some to be of the dial, of Teiyi, (TA,)
inf. n. SU.I> and 2U.I (S, K) and ?U.j (K) and
[quasi-inf. n.] * ijU.1 (Fr, K) and S^Uj, (CK,)
He fraternized with him ; acted with him in a
brotherly manner : (S,« K,* PS, TK :) A'Obeyd
mentions, on the authority of Yz, c-.*.l and

C t A I3, and wy l and c*e->tj, and oJ^I and
cJl£»lj : the pret. is said to be thus assimilated

to [a form of] the fut. ; for they used [sometimes]

* *
to say, ^jA.1^., changing the hemzeh into j. (IB,
' * » j # ## # i«

TA.) It is said in a trad., ^^.1^1 ^^ ^*.t

- •• - . "

jLaJ^lj, meaning //<? united the emigrants [to

El-Mcdecneh] w»<A t/ie assistants [previously dwel-
ling there] by the brotherhood of El-Islam and
of the faith. (TA.) You say also, && w**J
tlmjim [I united the two things as fellows, or
pairs] ; and sometimes one says, C« c *- U, like as
one says, i fr yU, for c~-*t ; mentioned by ISk.
(Msb.) _ See also 1, in three places.

4 : see 2, in three places.

5. C*^U| and the inf. n.ti>U: seel, in three places.

1 * 1 • • «- Vi

as U.I c-<».ti 7 adopted a brother : (S, K :) or

if St l'

[ <w».U signifies] 7 called him brother. (K.) _
i^Lt^U.6, (S,K,TA,) or.^W, (Msb,) J
sought, endeavoured after, pursued, or endeavoured
to reach or attain or obtain, the thing ; (S, Msb,
K, TA ;) a* <Ae brother does the brother; and in
the same manner the verb is used with a man for

its object: but c~*-y , in the same sense, is more
common. (TA.) You say, ■!>.:"■. ,« c-JLu /
sought, &c, {Ay Zove, or affection. (TA in art.

* + m>*

6. l^U 77j«y became brothers, or friends or
companions or <Ae WAe, to «acA otAer. (S,* TA.)

£', (S, Msb, ^,) originally ]*.', (Kh, S, Mfb,)
as is shown by the first of its dual forms men-

*****

tinned below, and by its having a pi. like t\f\,

fit
(S,) and ~-\, (K,) with the second letter doubled to

compensate for the j suppressed, as is the case in

if, (TA,)and v ill, [like ijl,] and tjif, (IAar,
K , TA, [the last, with the article prefixed to it,

Erroneously written in the CK yL.*j\,]) and T j»-l,
like y>, (Kr, K,) a well-known term of relation-
ship, (K, TA,) i. e. A brother; the son of one's
father and mother, or of either of them : and also
applied to a foster-brother : (TA :) and t a friend;
and a companion, an associate, or a fellow : (K :)
derived from 3^.\ [q. v.] ; as though one f-\ were
Bk. I. ' C

tied and attached to another like as the horse is
tied to the <£*»! : (Har p. 42 :) or, accord, to
some of the grammarians, it is from ^j*-3 meaning
juoS ; because the j~\ has the same aim, endeavour,
or desire, as his •-( : (TA :) when ^-1 is prefixed
to another noun, its final vowel is prolonged:
(Kh:) you say, J^ji-I ljJk [This is thy brother,
Sec.], and -aLa-W Ojj^ [J passed by thy brother,

&c], and i)U-t c^lj [J saw thy brother, &c] :
(S : [in which it is also asserted that one does not

say yi^ without prefixing it -to another noun ;
but this is inconsistent with the assertion of IAar

and F, that jd»*$\ is a syn. of ~-**)l :]) the dual is

OU*-1, (S, Msb, Kur xlix. 10, Ham p. 434,) or

' ' • *

Ol»».l, with the «. quiescent, (TA, [but this I

have found nowhere else,]) and some of the Arabs

' ' T • " * \

say ij**-'> (?i Msb,) and Kr mentions 0'^*>'>
with damm to the •>, said by IB to occur in
poetry, and held by ISd to be dual of **.!, with
damm to the *■: (TA:) the pi. is iyi»\ and O 1 ^*-] i
(S, Msb, K, &c.,) the former generally applied
to brothers, and the latter to friends [or the like],
(T, S,*) but not always, as in the Kur xlix. 10,
where the former does not denote relationship,
and in xxiv. 60 of the same, where the latter does
denote relationship, (T, TA,) and sometimes the
former is applied to a [single] man, as in the

Kur iv. 12, (S,) and 1^4.1, (Fr, S, Msb, K, [in
the CK «>&>t,]) or this is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, TA,)
and 0'i*-'» (Kr,Msb,K,) and SU.T, (S,^,) like

\C\, (S,) and jL\, and 2^L\, (ISd,K,) the last

mentioned by Lh, and thought by ISd to be

formed from the next preceding by the addition

of » characterizing the pi. as fern., (TA,) and

it
<jym.\, (S, Msb, K,) and OJJ**-'- (Msb : [there

written without any syll. signs, and I have not
found it elsewhere.]) The fern, of «-l is * w4>l
[meaning A sister : and f a female friend, Sec] :
(S, Mfb, K, &c. :) written with damm to show
that the letter which has gone from it is j ; (S ;)
the O being a substitute for the y ; (TA ;) not to
denote the fern, gender, (K, TA,) because the
letter next before it is quiescent : this is the
opinion of Sb, and [accord, to SM] it is the cor-
rect opinion : for Sb says that if you were to use
it as a proper name of a man, you would make it
perfectly decl. ; and if the O were to denote the
fern, gender, the name would not be perfectly
decl. ; though in one place he incidentally says
that it is the sign of the fern, gender, through
inadvertence : Kh, however, says that its O is

[originally] » [meaning S] : and Lth, that c-»-l
is originally ii-1 : and some say that it is origi-
nally I^Ll : (TA :) the dual, is o&-' = (Kh :)
and the pi. is ot^U. (Kh, S, Msb, K.) The
"ying Cf&t «**• W *$ [Thou hast no brother, or
t friend, in such a one] means £V «&U u-s 5 [*uch a
one is not a brother, or friend, to thee], (S, K.)
It is said in a prov., olA> iLA-U <& £>+ [Who

* *■ * + ^^

will be responsible to thee for thy brother, or ithy
friend, altogether ? i. e., for his always acting to
thee as a brother, or friend]. (JK.) And in

33

• U it r %» »» tit

another, JX*\ » jJJ ^ Ml rf-l ^>j [ t There u many
a brother to thee whom thy mother has not brought
forth]. (TA.) And in another, ^Sji\ >t S)yL\
[Is it thy brother, or the wolf?] ; said in suspect-
ing a thing: as also JJJI j>\ J)y*-\ [Is it thy
brother, or is it the night that deceives thee?].

» 1 1 » lit

(Har p. 554.) And another saying is, $yk.\ »-*yi

iliU. l^jj [f The spear is thy brother, but some-
times, or often, it is unfaithful to thee]. (TA.)

Ml I

_ Ibn-'Arafeh says that when lykA does not
relate to birth, it means conformity, or similarity ;
and combination, agreement, or unison, in action :

hence the saying, Ijjk yi~\ ^>yJ\ IJuk [fTfiis
garment, or piece of cloth, is the like, or fellow,
of this] : and hence the saying in the Kur [xvii.
29], o-l»Ci>t o»i*«J ly^» \They are the likes,
or fellows, of the devils: and in the same [xliii. 47],

" V-*-' u-° j^*' 15* "^' t But it was greater than

its like, or fellow ; i.e., than what was like to it

in truth &c. (TA.) It is said in a trad., jtyi\

•Z^J\ jL\ [Sleep is the like of death]. (Kl-Jami'
•> * t * *» # *

es-Sagheer.) One says also, 0^»JI U.I ^j%» ^yU

t Such a one met with the like of death. (Msb,
TA.) And they said, V * c-i-l ^ aJUL. ibT iUj
[\Ood afflicted him with a night having none like to
it], i. e., a night in which he should die. (TA.) And

jt^JI U.I S)l a^I&I -j \I will not speak to him
save the like of secret discourse. (As, TA.) [And

hence,] J«^» ♦ U».l [f 77ie <n>o m<«r« o/* Canopus;]

T » t* * ** • * ».t

the two stars called jy*i\ ^jjiDI ana i£jJt±JI

i Ul*^ •• (S and K in art. jkA, q. v.) ^ U.I C ,

or >M«3 t means f0 tAou 0/ [the tribe of] JBekr, or
Temecm. (Ham p. 284.) — Lh mentions, on the
authority of Abu-d-Deenar and Ibn-Ziyad, the
saying, ^Dl ^ji-W >yU'i as meaning f 2%« people,
or company of men, are in an evil state or condi-
tion. (TA.) [But accord, to others,] one says,
j^i. 11 i«4-V *&>j*t meaning J J left him in an

evil state or condition : (JK,* Mfb, K, TA :) and
«■> f

j^JI ^-ly J in a good state or condition. (TA.)
* •*' ' • - >t ,i

You Bay also, JjuaJI ^»-l 3* f He is one who

* $
cleaves, or keeps, to veracity. (Mfb.) — [^.1 , as

a prefixed noun, is also used in the sense of Jjkl ,

meaning t Worthy, or deserving, of a tiling : and

meet, fit, or fitted, for it. So in the phrase US ^L\

t Worthy, or deserving, of trust, or confidence ;

expl. by W (p. 91) as meaning a person in whom

one trusts, or confides. And so in the prov.,

lit!. ^y» l»lfc£Jt j*.t J4> + tie who is fit, or
fitted, for ve/iement striving for the mastery is
not lie who turns away from it with disgust : see
art. !ȣ>.]__ It is also used in the sense of ^i :

* ' f * * fr

as in the phrase, ^yilt j*.l 3* [t /» is possessed,
or a possessor, of wealth, or competence, or «v^i-
ciency]. (Mfb.) [So too in the phrase, j**J\ ^L\
t Possessed, or a possessor, of good, or o/" n>Aa< u
good. And in like manner,] £**-J' ^-1 means
[ «iij» •>, i. e. * jjt ji, i. e.] JJ Ji\ [f The low,

t- * * * ?**-*

base, or abject]. (Ham p. 44.) [So too] b^_

• » i* •» > .'**' , • .' '**'

^v-JI >i-l means [ -Vf-" ^i ^re-» >• c] J>»V t>—

34

[+ Our journeying is laborious : see an ex. in the
first paragraph of art. jJ&]. (TA.) — ^j**.
^^"^1 t A fever that affects the patient two
days, and quits him two days ; or that attacks on
Saturday, and quits for three days, and comes
[again] on Thursday; and so on. (Msb.) —

^>i-^» j» • see j.'}, in art. ^y

see r~\.

see aA, in four places.

[^j^-1 and iu^.\ dims, of ~-l and c-».t.]

^•>-l Brotherly; fraternal; of, or relating
to, a brother, and a friend or companion : and

also, sisterly ; of, or relating to, a sister} because

♦ ' ' • .

you say Ol^A.1 [meaning "sisters"]; but Yoo

••■ '«•■! to say ™ ,«^»Wt, which is not agreeable with

analogy. (S,TA.)
1*1 |,i

y J^.\ : see (J^ 1 -

Ol^*-' i besides being a pi. of *.), q. v., is a
dial. var. of J>£*.. (TA. [See art. o.**"])

SjU-l i sec 3.

Syoi-I an inf. n. of 1 : and also [used as] a
simple subst. (TA.) See 1. — When it does
not relate to birth, it means f Conformity, or
similarity; and combination, agreement, or unison,
in action. (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA.)

&t*-\, ( I -lb, S, Msb, K, &c.,) originally of the
measure iJ^tb, [i. c. <bj±.l,] (Msb,) and l t m.\,
(Lth,Msb,£,) and aJU-'l, (JK,£,TA, [but in
the K the orthography of these three words is
differently expressed in different copies, and some-
what obscurely in all that I have seen,]) A piece
of rope of which the two ends are buried in the
ground, (ISk, JK,§,) with a small staff or stick,
or a small stone, attached thereto, (ISk*S,) a
portion tliereof, resembling a hop, being apparent,
or exposed, to which the beast is tied; (ISk, JK,
S;) it is made in soft ground, as being more
commodious to horses than pegs, or stakes, pro-
truding from the ground, and more firm in soft
ground than the peg, or stake : (TA :) or a loop
tied to a peg, or stake, driven [into the ground],
to which the beast is attached: (Msb:) or a
stick, or piece of wood, (]£, TA,) placed crosswise
(TA) »'» a wall, or tn a rope of which the two ends
are buried in the ground, the [other] end [or
portion] protruding, like a ring, to which the
beast is tied : (]£, TA :) or a peg, or stake, to
which horses are tied: (Har p. 42:) [see also

j^jT:] the pi. of the first is ^ijt; (JK,S,Msb,
K ;•) and of the second, j-IjI ; (Msb ;) and of
the third, Cu.1, (JK,K,*) like as Glial is pi.
of «yU*. (TA.) In a trad., the believer and
belief are likened to a horse attached to his i>.t ;
because the horse wheels about, and then returns
to his i-^-l ; and the believer is heedless, and then
ccturns to believe. (TA.) And in another, men

are forbidden to make their backs like the l^U-l

of beasts ; i. e., in prayer; meaning that they
should not arch them therein, so as to make them
like the loops thus called. (TA.) — Also t. q.
>_-lb ; (]£ ;) i. c. The kind of tent-rope thus
called. (TA in art. «^J», q. v.) — And t A
sacred, or an inviolable, right or the like; syn.

&jL and £.J. (S,K.) You say, ^,\'^\ J&}
jjtp ,__>t_<l_j [f To such a one belong sacred, or
inviolable, rights, and ties of relationship and love,
to be regarded], (S.) And i-»-l ^jjj* ti f He
has, with me, or tn my estimation, a strong,
sacred, or inviolable, right; and a near tie or
connexion, or means of access or intimacy or in-
gratiation. (TA.) _ In a trad, of 'Omar, in
which it is related that he said to E1-' Abbas,
o&t J*-*) sbl cLa-l oJI, it is used in the sense of
i-ij ; [and the words may therefore be rendered
Thou art the most excellent of the ancestors of
tkt Apostle of God;] as though he meant, thou
art he upon whom one stays himself, and to
whom one clings, of the stock of the Apostle of
God. (TA)

1. &lj i3jl, aor i (T, S, M, K.) and : , (M,
K,) but this latter is strange, [anomalous,] and
unknown, (TA,) and-, (M, K,) mentioned by
Lh, whence it seems that he made the prct. to
be of the measure J-*>, or that it is co-ordinate to

J$, aor jfc, (M,) inf. n. >l, (T,S,M,) A.
calamity befell him. (M, K.) And in like man-

ncr, y\ »y\, aor. and inf. n. as above, An event
befell him : (M :) or opjtressed him, distressed
him, or afflicted him. (Bd in xix. 01.) = Sec
also 5.

5. yfc; (T,?;;) and ♦ >!, inf.no'; (TA;)
i. q. 3jJU [He acted, or behaved, with forced
hardness, firmness, strength, vigour, &c.]. (T, K.)

ft (S,M,£) and t-Ji (T,K) and » ft (K)
Strength ; power ; force : (S, M, ]£ :) superior
power or force or influence ; mastery ; conquest ;

predominance. (M, K, TA.) — — See also >l, in
two places Also, the first, The sound of tread-
ing. (T.)

>\ : see jl.^AIso, and * l>l, A wonder, or
wonderful thing : (M, L, K :) a very evil, abomi-
nable, severe, thing, or affair : (S, M, A, L, KL :)
a calamity; (S, A, L, %;) or thus the former

Am

word signifies; (M;) as also *al, (as in the
copies of the ]£,) or * >1, [originally >>1,] of the
measure J*U : (so in the S and L:) pi. (of >l,
M, TA) ibj, (K, TA,) or ibl.^CK, [but this,
if correct, is a quasi-pL n.,]) or >1»t, (M,) and (of
5>l, S, M) l>\. (T, S, M, £.) You say also
*\ j*\ [meaning as above], using jl as an epithet,
accord, to Lh. (M.) And * »j>» «C*I> [A very
eeil, abominable, or severe, calamity]. (A.) Hence

the saying in the J£ur [xix. 91], l>l ll~- ^V •**'
Verily ye have done a very evil, or abominable,
thing : (S, M :•) or, accord, to one reading, *l.>l ;
both meaning great, or grievous : and some of the

[Book I.

Arabs say, t^| • Ly !^, which means the same.

(T,TA.)

•4 ! .

ol : see it , in two places.

a-' i* s

j I : see jl :_and see >|, in two places.

1. -^>i\, aor. ; , inf. n. w»i'> -^ e invited (people,
S, or a man, K) to his repast, or banquet ; (S, KL ;)
as also T wo'> (^>) or < *-» , *i» i*)' V*'» aor V^
[or *T>}yi], (AZ, S,) inf. n. ^tjyt [originally
Vljil]' (AZ,S,K.) You say,>^11 ^\, (S,)
or >sjill j_jift ^>>l, aor. as above, (T,) He invited
the people to his repast. (T, S.) And ^Jlfi^oWi'
j**)\ He collected t/iem together for the affair.

(A.) And^jjlii) iJJl^^at- T 4>i3' [I rvill collect
thy neighbours in order that thou mayest consult

with them], (A.) The primary signification of

* *'

w>,»l is The act of inciting. (T.)__ [Hence,]
. ,t , i

wj^I, aor. ; ; (Msb, K ;) or w»il, aor. ' ; (so in a

• x ' '
copy of the M ;) inf. n. »_jjl, (M, Mgh, Msb,) or

wot ; (K;) He made a repast, or banquet, (M,

Msb, K ,) and incited people to it ; (Msb ;) as

also t ^>i\, (M,) aor. and inf. n. as above :

(TA :) or he collected and invited people to his

repast. (Mgh.)_[IIcncc also, as will be seen

below, voce v^M **>') ttor - ~. » ""• n - V>*» ■"*
taught him the discipline of the mind, and the
acquisition of good qualities and attributes of
the mind or soul; (Msb;) and T «Vi'> [•»£ "•
^~i jUi, signifies </te same ;] /«; taught him what
is termed yjl [or <7<m><£ discipline of the mind
and manners, &c. ; i. c. he disciplined him, or
educated him, well ; rendered him well-bred, well-
mannercd, polite; instructed him in polite ac-
complishments ; &c] : (S, M, A, Mgh, K :) or

the latter verb, inf. n. »^JiU, signifies he taught
him well, or much, the discipline of the mind,
and the acquisition of good qualities and attributes
of the mind or soul : and hence, this latter also
signifies lie disciplined him, chastised him, cor-
rected him, or punished him, for his evil conduct ;
because discipline, or chastisement, is a means
of inviting a person to what is properly termed
V^l- (Msb.) = vj ', aor. * , (AZ, T, S, M, K,)

inf. n. *-»>!, (M, I£,) He was or became, cltarac-

* i
terized by wlMt is termed ^jl [or good discipline

of the mind and manners, &c. ; i. e., well dis-
ciplined, well-educated, well-bred, or well-man-
nered, polite, instructed in polite accomplish-
ments, tea.]. (AZ, T, S, M, I£.)

2 : see 1.

4: see 1, in three places j'iUI «_ot, aor.

and inf. n. as above, f -H* filled the provinces,
or country, with justice, or equity. (£,• TA.)

5. v*^ JSGi learned, or was taught, what is
termed ^i\ [or good discipline of the mind and
manners, &c. ; i. e. he became, or was rendered,
well-disciplined, well-educated, well-bred, well-
mannered, polite, instructed in polite accomplish-
ments, &c] ; as also ♦ ^ r >>\^\. (S, Mgh, K.)

10 : see S.

Book I.]

^,>«, (§,M,S0 or, accord, to some, ▼ ^»\,

(TA,) Wonderful; or a wonderful thing; syn.

**'*■ (8, M, K;) as also t&l [used in the

latter sense]. (SO You say, T «T»i^*V 0>* »V

Such a one did a wonderful thing. (As, T.»)

• -» ,

a^Sec also wo*, last sentence.

• • «

V*' : »ee vA m tw0 P laccs -

4*>1, bo termed because it invites men to the
acquisition of praiseworthy qualities and disposi-
tions, and forbids them from acquiring such as are
evil, (T, Mgh,) signifies Discipline of the mind;
and good qualities and attribute* of the mind or
soul: (Msb:) or every praiseworthy discipline
by which a man is trained in any excellence: (AZ,
Mgh, Msb :) [gootl distnpline of the mind and
manners; good education; good breeding; good
manners; politeness; polite accomplishments:]
i. q. <J>\ii [as meaning excellence, or elegance, of
mind, manners, address, and speech] : and a good
manner of taking or receiving [what is given or
offered or impnrtcd, or whnt is to be acquired] :
(M, A, SO or good qualities and attributes of
the mind or soul, and the doing of generous or
honourable actions : (El-Jawalcefcec :) or the
practice of what is praiseworthy both in words
and actions : or the Iwlding, or Iteeping, to those
thing* which are ajrprovcd, or deeined good : or
the honouring of those who are above one, and
being gentle, courteous, or civil, to those who are
below one : (Towshcch :) or a faculty which pre-
serves him in whom it exists from what would
disgrace him: (MF:) it is of two kinds, ^>i\
^^iJt [which embraces all the significations ex-
plained above], and ^ji\ V*' [which signifies
the discipline to be observed in the prosectition of
study, by the disciple with resj>ect to the preceptor,
and by the preceptor with re*pect to the disciple :
see " Haji Khalfa? Lexicon," Vol. I. p. 212] :
(S, B|l, Mgh :) [also dcjm-tmeiU, or a -node of
conduct or behaviour, absolutely ; for one speaks

of good v* 1 nnd bftd V*"3 t" P 1, " ^^
[which is often employed, and so is the sing, also,
as signifying the rules of discipline to be observed
in the exercise of a function, such as that of a
judge, and of a governor ; and tn the exercise of
an art, such as that of the disputer, and the orator,
and die poet, and the scribe; &c.]. (Msb.)__
V i^t JJ* signifies [The science of philology; or]
the science by which one guards against error in
the language of the Arabs, with respect to words
and with respect to writing; ("Haji Khalfis
Lexicon," Vol. I. p. 215;) [and so, simply,
4o^t : which is also used to signify polite litera-
ture : but in this sense, and likewise] as applied to
the sciences relating to the Arabic language, [or
the philological sciences, which are also termed
* iC>*9' J»y«J'>] V^ 1 is a post-classical term,
innovated in the time of El-Islam. (El-Jawa-
leekeeOss-^l 4»A (A,?,) or^Jl *4»>»>
(T, L,) I The abundance of the water of the sea.
(T,A,L,S)

V* 1 — »'

or v^'« Hence, Ole^l j>$A\ : see vA laBt

sentence but one.]

• t *!

s^il Cltaracterized by what is termed ^»i\

[or good discipline of the mind and manners, &c. ;
i. e. well-disciplined, wellreducated, well-bred, or
well-mannered; polite; instructed in polite ac-
complishments, or an elegant scholar; &c] : (T,
S, M, Mgh, £:) pi. ifcl. (M,$.) — See also

■i/iS [originally ^>\\\, More, or most, charac-
terized by what is termed <^}\ ; 1. e. better, or
best, disciplined, educated, bred, or mannered;
more, or most, polite; &c.]. You say, yjl ,>• ^i
^y$i\ [He is of the best disciplined, &c., of
men], (A.)

^>*\ One who invites people to a repast, or
banquet: (T,S,Msb.) pi. &f. (TA.)

ioU : see what next follows, in two places.

%t')l» A repast, or banquet, to which guests are
invited ; (A'Obeyd, T, 8, M, Mgh, Msb, S ;) or
made on account of a wedding: (M, S :) as also
* &L, (S, M, Msb, SO or, accord, to A'Obeyd,
this latter has a different signification, as will be
seen below, (TA,) and * &U, (IJ,) and * %\\ :
(M, S :) pi. 4oU (?■) In » t™d'i &* £ur-an
is called ^)\ ^ ill &U, or *a«U; and
A'Obeyd says that, if we read i#aU, the meaning
is, God's repast which He has made in the earth,
and to which He has invited mankind; but if we
read it>l», this word is of the measure ibuU from
*M*jH, [and the meaning is, a means which God
lias prepared in the earth for men's learning good
discipline of the mind, &c. ; it being a noun
similar to !££• and ?Ji£o &c. :] El-Ahmar, how-
ever, makes both words synonymous. (T, M,*
TA.)

<L>jU : see what next precedes.

ii'yt

• »»

i and see also v i>l.

a*>l : see i/i

[ij*»' Qf> or relating to, what is termed *,*»{,

-/>y> * *r*0' A. camel well-trained and broken.
(T,L.)

<C) jU, occurring in a verse of 'Adee, [which I
do not anywhere find quoted,] She [app. a bride]
for whom a repast, or banquet, has been made.
(TA.)

1. j>\, aor. -' , (T; M, Msb, SO inf. n. )>\ (Lth,
T, 8, Mgh) and Spl, (Lth, TA,) or 5j>l, (as in
the TT,) or Spl is a simple subst., (M, SO and
so is Spl, (SO He (a man, S) had the disorder
termed Ipl. (T,S,M,&c.)

Spl a subst. fromj>l; [see jjl, below;] (SO
as also ♦ $£!: (M,S0 the former signifies [A
scrotal hernia ;] an inflation in the l*m ± [or the
testicle, or the scrotum] : (T,» S :) or an inflation
of the *\'ri- : (Mf b :) or a disorder consisting in
an inflation, or a swelling, of the o' "t^ "-> an d
their becoming greatly enlarged with matter or
wind therein: (Esh-Shihab, on the Soorat el-
Ahzab :) or a largeness of the ^^Mk : (Mgh :)

86

and t ipt also signifies what is vulgarly termed
iXJ [meaning in the present day a scrotal hernia]:
or, accord, to some, ». q. > »**» (TA.) [See
also 1.]

Sjy\ : see #j>1, in two places. [See also 1.]

;ST(T,8,M,Mgh,Msb,S) and *J^U (M,
5) A man (S) [having a scrotal hernia; or]
having an inflation in the i~oi- [or the testicle,
or the scrotum] : (T,» 8 :) or having an inflation
of the i~li. : (Msb :) or having his Jjli* [or
inner skin] ruptured, so tkat [some of] his intes-
tines fall into his scrotum; tlie rupture being in
every instance only in the left side : or afflicted
by a rupture in one of his oW-»*- t or ,n either
half of the scrotum] : (M, $ :) or liaving a
largeness of the ^j*L (Mgh :) pi. of the former,
jai; (Msb,$;) and of the latter, '#&. ($.)
Accord to some, (M,) ijpt &+• signifies [A
testicle, or scrotum,] large, witliout rupture.

(M, S.)

• A. >~

j^.>U : see _pl.

tit « ••!

1. jjj\ y>\, aor. - , (M, Msb, $») inf. n. j»\ ;

(M,Msb;) and * i+»\ t (M 9 b, %.,) inf. n. >W« ;
(TS;) He mixed the bread with jt>\ [or seasoning ;
i. e. he seasoned it] ; (M, S;) he made the sioal-
lowing of the bread to be good, or agreeable, by
means ofj>\>\ [or seasoning]. (Msb.) You say
also, ^Ji\< >£jl Jof, aor. ; , [He seasoned the
bread, or rendered it savoury, with flesh-meat,]
fromj^l and>t>l, signifying fi^»& **• (10
_J.>«^{, aor. , , (S,) inf.n.>>l; (TA;)or
t^T; (M ;) or both ; (TA ;) He seasoned for
the people, or company of men, (J^ >*!, [in the
CK, erroneously, ^ >!>',]) their bread; (M,
K, TA ;) i. e., mixed it [for them] with >bj.
(TA.) — [From j>}\ in the first of the senses
explained above, is app. derived the phrase,]
oSjL tu»}\ He mixed him, associated him, or
united him in company, with his family. (M.)
[And in like manner,] L^ >a'j ( T > 90 m j*r*ii
(M, Msb,» SO a '- " > C. M » M f b » ¥») inf - n -
y>\ ; (T, M, M?b;) and *»T, (T, 8, M, Msb,
SO inf. n. >lJ*l ; (T, TA ;) JT« (God, T, 8, M,
or a man, Msb) effected a reconciliation between
them; brought them together; (8, M, Msb, S»
[expl. in the M and S by>H for which we find
in the CS J& »]) made tnem *odable, or familiar,
one with another; (S, Msb, TA ;) and made them
to agree : (TA :) or induced love and agreement
between them: held by A'Obeyd to be from^jl,
because therebv food is made good and pleasant

(T.) It is said in a trad., U^>j^» o' t^^' **J*»
meaning For it is most Jit, or meet, that there
should be, between you two, love and agreement :
(T, 8 or > tltat V""** or reconciliation, and
friendship, should continue between you two.
(Msb.) And a poet says,

i. e. [And the pure, or free from faults, among

5*

women,] do not love any save one who it made an
object of love [by his good qualities], (T, S,) a
proper object of love. (T.)™^>«, (T, M,$,)
aor. - , (T.) or * , (M, £,) inf. n. >>1, (M,) : He
was, or became, to them, what is termed i*jl ;
(T, M, £ ;) i. e., one who made people to know
them; (T ;) or a pattern, an exemplar, an ex-
ample, or one who was imitated, or to be imitated;
and one by means of whom they were known:
(M, £:) bo says IAar. (M.) — ' M &\ J,jt He
pared, or removed the superficial part of, the
hide : (T,« TA :) and^^l ♦J.ST, with medd, he
pared off the 3U>\ [q. t.] of the hide : (TA :) or
the latter signifies he exposed to view the 3u*\ [in
the C£, erroneously, the iof] of the hide. (M,
£.)-">>l aor. t , (M, £,.) inf. n. J^l ; (T?: ;)
and >il, aor. -' , (M, $,) inf. n. L,il (T, £) [or,
more probably, JU>I, like i^l &c] ; 2Te (a
camel, and a gazelle, and a man,) n>nj, or became,
of the colour termed JUjI, q. v. infra. (M, £.)

■ ' t ! > ' f *

2. *ot, inf. n. j,ii\3, He put much >ljl [or
seasoning] into it. (TA.)

4 : see 1, in five places.

8. *^>Ju5l [written with the disjunctive alif
j>jii\] He made use of it [to render his bread

pleasant, or savoury] ; namely >J|, (M,« TA,) or
>ljl. (M.) [>lil ia explained in the T and S
&c. by the words a/ j>Si*y. U, meaning That

which is used for seasoning bread.] >yOI >ju5l

t The wood, or branch, had the sap (.Ul) flowing
in it. (Z,$.)

10. x*iU_l .He sought, or demanded, of him
>l>t [or *«a#ontn^]. (Z,TA.)

>jl: aee*ol.sai«Ul>jl.j*: see £»>1.

"I •■'. .♦? '•! " , * - '»'

^al : sce^ljl *UI^»>I yk : and «^l ,-^ >A | :

see i*jl.

»l: see^jt, in two places:— and i*>1.=
»l: see^jl.

»s t.»t . t %..t

aUI .col yk : see lot.

lol jl »<a<e o/ mixing, or mingling, together
[in familiar, or «ocm/, tnt«rcour«e]. (Lth, T, M,
J£.) You say, A** I U,.^ Between them two is a
mixing, Le. (Lth, T.)__ Also, (M, £,) or »J$,
(8,) Agreement: (S, M, £, TA:) and familiarity,
sociableness, companionship, or friendship. (S,
TA. [The meanings in this sentence are assigned
in the 8 only to the latter word: in the TA, only
to the former.]) _ And the former, Relationship.
(M, K.) — And A means of access (iie-»j,Fr,T,
9, M, £) to a thing, (Fr, T, 8.) and to a' person ;
(Fr,T;) as also ?£% (£.) You say, J,#

•*■? vT ' * a one is my means of access to
thee. (Fr,T.)__ And [hence,] A present which
one takes with him in visiting a friend or a great
man ; in Persian jyj\ dj. ($, L.) _ iu>\\ j.

*UI : and o*^ *•>> i» s see L»' 3 \. m In camels,
A colour intermixed, or tinged, with blackness, or

with whiteness ; or cfear whiteness; (M,K;) or,
as some say, (TA,) intense whiteness ; (8, TA ;)
or whiteness, with blackness of the eyeballs: (Nh,
TA :) and in gazelles, a colour intermixed, or
tinged, with whiteness: (M,BL:) or in gazelles
and in camels, whiteness: (T:) and in human
beings, (M,]£,) a tawny colour; or darkness of
complexion; syn. i^J. [q. v.]; (S,M,K;) or on
intermixture, or a tinge, of blackness; (Lth, T ;)
or intense «^»_ [or tawniness] ; and it is said to
be from <jof)\ i*y\, meaning the colour of the
earth : (Nh, TA :) or [in men,] t. q. z£L [which,
in this case, signifies whiteness of complexion] :
(TA:) accord, to AHn, it signifies whiteness;
BJV-voQ- (M.) [See also >jl]

&•>! : see i*>l aUI i. A J j*, (M, ?[,) and

-*^?i^ ^^-fr 4 ^' GW and ^*'» (M ')

or t«*i»» and *^t*l>J, (K,) t ZTe m Me pattern,
exemplar, example, or o6;'ec' o/" imitation, of his
people, or family, by means of whom they are
known: (M, £ :) so says IAar. (M.) And
^jlal ioit U^li C U—f J i" »wo(e »ucA a one to 6e
<Ae pattern, exemplar, example, or o6/"ec< o/
imitation, of my people, or family. (T,S.) And
0!*»J i*i' >», and t ii^fj i He is a pattern,' ice,
to such a one. (Fr, TA.) And ^ lot J,yLi
(J^U t SmcA a one is he who makes people to know
the sons of such a one. (T.) And <L«y 3u>\ '£>
\Heis the chief, and provost, of his people. (A,
TA.) And -u>' tjbl o^4, and ej ^ 1^,
t Such a one is the aider, and manager of tlte
affairs, and the support, and right orderer of
the affairs, of his people, and of the sons of his
father. (A, TA.) = [The inner skin ; the cutis,
or derma;] the interior of the skin, which is next
to the flesh ; (S, M, g ; ) the exterior thereof
being called the Sj±t : (8 :) or (as some say, M)
the exterior thereof, upon which is the hair ; the
interior thereof being called the S^ : (M, £ :)
and 1j>}\ may be its pi. ; [or rather, a coll. gen.
h. ;] or, accord, to Sb, it is a quasi-pl. n. (M.)
— Accord, to some, (M,) What appears of the

skin of the head. (M,B[. [See •>£*]) And

t The interior of the earth or ground ; (M, T&. ;)
the surface thereof being called its ^a\ : (M,
TA :) or, as some say, its surface. (TA.)

yj»i\ A seller of [j.}\, or] skins, or hides :
(TA:) and VJ« signifies the same; and par-
ticularly a seller of goats' skins. (Golius, from
the larger work entitled Mirkat el-Loghah.)

tjlO' and iiUil : see »t.

Jlil (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, 5) and t^l (the
same except the £) [Seasoning, or condiment, for
bread; and any savoury food ;] what is used for
seasoning (y > jj£ U, T, S, M,» Mgh, Msb, $)
with bread; (T, TA;) that which renders bread
pleasant and good and savoury; (IAmb, Mgh;)
whetlier fluid or not fluid; (Mgh, Msb;) jLo
and l\^o being peculiarly applied to that which

is fluid : (Mgh :) or»l is anything that is eaten

with bread: (TA :) the pi. [of mult] of^bl is

•'» *»i *

»'» (Mgh, Meb,) and, by contraction,^!, which

[Book I.

is also used as the sing., (Msb,) and [pi. of pauc]
!U>'\ (M,^[) and>l>T; ($;) or this last is pi.

of Jo!. (M, Mgh, Msb, TA.) It is said in a
trad., J*Jt >»ljNI j^6 [Excellent, or most excel-
lent, is the seasoning, vinegar!]. (T, TA.) And
in another, J^JJI »J*.^lj CijJI^bl j^> [The
prince of the seasonings of the present world and
of the world to come is flesh-meat]. (TA.)_

i *f *•*• ' ' *t **" * "*
AUI>blyk, and <uy>l>l: see <Uj! Any-
thing conforming, or conformable; agreeing, or
agreeable; suiting, or suitable. (M,]£.) [Used
also as a pi. : thus,] 'Adiyeh Ed-Dubeyreeyeh
says,

Ubl^'U. J^ iyi*»

[TAey were, to those who mixed with them in
social intercourse, conformable, or agreeable.]
(M.)

^>i\ i. q. t>£>U [Seo'onerf] : (T :) or Jlliili

*J>2>\* [seasoned food] ; (M, K. ;) /oorf in which
is^\*\. (TA.) Hence the prov., Jj>h jfi+ '•
^*% ! "*' L*^ [^ 0ttr clarified butter is poured into
your seasoned food] ; (T, TA ;) applied to a
niggardly man; (Har p. 462;) meaning, your
good, or wealth, returns unto you : (TA :) or, as
some say, the meaning is, into your »U-> [or skin]:
(T, Har* ubi supra:) and the vulgar say, ^J
jjlci} [into your flour]. (TA.) And the saying,
jwY*i*\ \J j* Y+* [Their clarified butter is in
their seasoned food] ; meaning, their good, or
wealth, returns unto them. (M.) And the say-
ing of Khadeejeh to the Prophet, s -f-' iCt

^iC»>ai>3i *>>wOl (M,TA) Verily thou
gainest what is denied to others, or makest others
to gain what they have not, of the things they
want, or makest the poor to gain, (TA in art.
>j>c,) an<i givest to eat food in which is >t>l.
(TA in the present art.) [Hence also,] 'i : ^nH

♦ ,,5-joU (M, £) meaning cij«*»V •i&l [/flrare
'Aee my errciMe ; or, perhaps, my virginity ; see

*j«**] : (¥ [° r »] M 8ome ^yj tne meaning is,
my good manners : said by the wife of Dureyd
Ibn-Es-Simmeh, on the occasion of his divorcing
her. (M, TA.) — - And hence, (Ham p. 205,
Mgh,) Tanned skin or hide ; leather : (M, Ham,
Mgh, Msb :) or skin, or hide, (M, K,) in whatever
state it be : (M :) or red skin or hide : (M, I£ :)
or skin, or hide, in the state after that in which
it is termed (Jjil ; that is, when it is complete [in
its tanning] and has become red : (M :) or the
exterior of the shin of anything : (T :) pi. [of

pauc] iojl (S, M, 5) and>»liT and [of mult] >jl,
(M, K,) the last from Lh, and [says ISd] I hold

that he who says J-y says »l, (M,) and ♦>>!,
(T, S, Msb, K,) or this is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, M,
Mgh,) [often used as a gen. n.,] of which >>!jl
may be pi. (M.) — ^*\ J^l and ^^^l ^1
and iol ijyj ^1 : see ^1 , in art. L ^. One

says, spjl ji ^/^l 4-5Ui Cl [lit.] Only the
hide that has the exterior part, upon which the
hair grows, is put again into the tan: (T:) a
prov. ; (TA ;) meaning, only he is disciplined, or

Book I.]

reproved, who is an object of hope, and in whom
is full intelligence, and strength; (T, TA, and
AHn in TA, art jlj [where, however, in the TA,
£)}} is erroneously put for ^i] ;) and only he is
disputed with in whom is place for dispute. (TA.)
__wy»JI ^jjl is used metaphorically for^jt
kritaJI jil J [The skin of the warrior*, or of the
people engaged in rear or fight], (M.)_^^Jl»
jfii'jS »n» m [lit. Such a one is sound of skin]

means J such a one is sound in respect of origin,
and of honour, or reputation. (Har p. 135.) You
say also, y ±Jai W* j»i^ h£jrt O^ [meaning
J Such a one is clear in honour, or reputation, of
that Kith which he has been aspersed]. (M,*TA.)
And * .."Ol (3>« t He rent my honour, or reputa-
tion. (Har ubi supra.) —^jl also signifies J The

surface of the earth or ground : (S, M :) [see also

f"!

JU>I, last sentence :] or wAat appears thereof,

(K,) and of the sky. (M, K.) And \ The first

part of the period called ,j»~aJI. (M, K, TA.)
You say, ,_.■. M ^il J>.T-V X I came to thee in
the first part of the i«*— * j (I-<h, M ;) app.
meaning, ^n . . j , l l «Ujjl jm« [wAen fne morning
was becoming advanced; when the sun was be-
coming high]. (M.)__And J The whiteness of
day: (IAar, M,K, TA :) and J the darkness of
night : (IAar, M, TA :) or J the whole of the day,
(M,A,#,TA,)andofthc night. (A,TA.) You
say, C515 JJJt^ilj U5U» jVl^jl ji J Z/c
continued the whole of the day fasting, and the
whole of the night standing [in prayer, &c.].
(A.TA.)

• it

3 -*

see , r«>\.

^»y

>il 0/ the colour termed <uol : pi. j>*\ and

* cA^' "> (9i M > ¥ tlie lattcr liktJ O!;**- M a

3 0*1 m> #1

pl. of j-o*-l: (M :) the fern. sing, is ilol and

• ASUjI ; (S, M, K ;) the latter anomalous ; (£ ;)
occurring in poetry, but disapproved (S, M) by
Ah ; (S ;) said by Aboo-'Alce to be like &La«£. ;

• •J

(M ;) and the fern. pl. is j>*\ : (S, M, K :) applied
to a camel, of a colour intermixed, or tinged, with
blackness, or with whiteness; or of a clear white;
(M, ]£;) or, as some say, intensely white; (TA;)
or white, and black in the eyeballs ; (S ;) or white ;
(As,T;) and so applied to a gazelle: (T :) or,
applied to a gazelle, of a colour intermixed, or
tinged, with whiteness; (M, £;) Lth, however,

m>0tt

says that JUjI is applied to a female gazelle, but
he had not heard j>*\ applied to the male gazelle ;

(TA;) and As says, (§,)>»* I applied to gazelles
signifies white, having upon them streaks in which
is a dust-colour, (S, M,) inhabiting the mountains,
and of the colour of the mountains ; (S ;) if of a
pure white colour, they are termed >ljf : (T, TA :)
or, accord, to ISk, white in the bellies, tawny in
the backs, and having the colour of the bellies and
of the backs divided by two streaks of tlie colour
of musk; and in like manner explained by IAar:
(T:) applied to a human being, j»\ signifies
tawny ; or dark-complexioned ; syn. j-o— I ; (S,
M, $ ;) or, thus applied, it signifies £^iJI 'j^L\

[which, in this case, means white of complexion] ;
(TA;) and the pl. is jCo>\. (S.) The Arabs
say, l^tfj V**' J^' Lr-ij*> meaning The best
of camels are those of them which are j>>\ and

ft J J ' m t

those of them which are w-v"° 5 l^ **■*"*' >] ""
as Kureysh are the best of men. (M.)_Also
[Adam,] the father of mankind; (S, M, K ;) and
likewise *>*! ; but this is extr. : (K :) there are
various opinions respecting its derivation ; but
[these it is unnecessary to mention, for] the truth
is that it is a foreign word, [i. e. Hebrew,]
of the measure J*U, like jj\ : (MF :) and [there-
fore] its pl. is j»>£l. (S, M, K.)

t*o' [Of, or relating to, Adam: and hence,
human: and o human being :] a rel. n. from >»,>!.
(TA.)

i«1ju( t Level, hard, but not rugged, ground :
(As :) or hard ground, without stones ; (K ;) from
jej}\ signifying the "surface" of the earth or
ground : (T A :) or ground somewhat elevated ;
not much so ; only found in plains, and producing
vegetation, which, however, is disapproved, be-
cause its situation is rugged, and little water

3 -I

remains in it : (ISh :) pl. ^A^l, (As, Esh-Shey-
banee, IB, K,) which J erroneously says has no
sing. : (K. :) for he says, [in the S,] ^jLjt signifies
hard and elevated tracts (t^y-*) of ground; and
has no sing. (TA.)

% m t

j>iy», as in an ex. cited above, (see 1,) Made
an object of love ; (T,S;) a proper object of love.
(T.)=:j^~ye j>)y* J^-j \ A man who is skilful,
and experienced in affairs, (M, I£,) who combines
[qualities like] softness of the interior skin and
roughness of the exterior skin : (T, S, M, IC :) or
mho combines softness and hardness, or gentleness
and force, with knowledge of affairs : (T :) or
who combines such qualities that lie is suited to
hardship and to easiness of circumstances : (As,
T :) or, accord, to IAar, having a thick and good
skin : (M :) or beloved : (TA :) the fern, is with i :
(M, K :) you say, *>1~« &oy» 31^1 , meaning I a
woman goodly in her aspect and faultless in her
intrinsic qualities : and sometimes the former
epithet, with and without i, as applied to a woman
and to a man respectively, is put after the latter.
(M.) See also art jIj.

* A. • t .

>^jU : see^Jil, in four places.

4. ^£>\ He took his 51^1 [q. v.] ; (M ;) he pre-
pared himself; (M, K ; [mentioned in the latter
in art. ^jy\ ;]) or equipped, or accoutred, himself;
or furnished, or procided?jiimself with proper, or
necessary, apparatus, equipments, or the like ;
(M ;) or lie was, or became, in a state of prepara-
tion ; (Yaakoob, T, S ;) WLJJ for journeying, or
tlie journey : (Yaakoob, T, S, M, 1£ :) part. n.
i£. (Yaakoob, T, S.) And * ^"TlS He took kit
i\}\, [or prepared himself, &c.,] j**P for the
affair : (M :) or t j^iU he prepared, furnished,
equipped, or accoutred, himself for the affair;

37

(Ibn-Buzurj, Az, TA;) from Jl^l : (Az, TA :)
or t the former of these two verbs, (so in some
copies of the S and £,) or ♦ the latter of them,
(so in other copies of the S and K, and in the
TA,) he took his »1>l [or equipments, Sec, i. e. he
prepared himself,] for [the vicissitudes of] for-
tune : (S, ]£ :) and * t^jU, inf. n. &, they took
the apparatus, equipments, or the like, that should
strengthen, or fortify, them against [the vicissi-
tudes of] fortune fyc. : (T :) [accord, to some,]
^jUJI is [irregularly derived] from >"j)l f meaning
" strength." (TA.) _ He was, or became, com-
pletely armed ; (T, TA;) part. n. as above; (T,
S, M, Msb ;) from S\'y$\ : (T, TA:) or he was, or
became, strong by means of weapons and the like;
part. n. as above : (Msb :) or he was, or became,
strong [in an absolute sense] ; (S, K ; [mentioned
in the latter in art. ^*\ ;]) said of a man; from
Jly^lj (S;) part. n. as above. (K.) = «b! is
originally »\js.\ ; the second I [in I, for II,] being
hemzrh substituted for c. in tlie original ; meaning
He aided, or assisted, him: [or he avenged him :]
or it may be from Sl^l ; meaning lie made hitn
to have, or gave him, or assigned to him, weapons,
or arms. (Ham p. 387.) [In either case, it should

be mentioned in the present art. ; as < Jj^-\ belongs

j 0* t
to art. ^j*, and Slj^l has for its pl. Oljj^JI.]

You say, \'j£s ^* »l*1, aor. *J>£i, inf. n. ?lj*l,

He strengthened him, and aided him, or assisted

him, against such a thing, or to do such a thing.

,3 * * 3 0> , 3 •> 30 0I

(S.) And (j*^* \J* •«»» meaning »tj«l and aJWI
[He avenged him of such a one ; or lie aided, or
assisted, him against such a one]. (M and ]£ in

0J O I « -

art. (JJ*.) And o*^ (^j** \Sf- i i i - O* ^*° •*"
aid me, or assist me, against such a one ? (S.)

The people of El-Hijaz say, £*£i ^J* * *iil£ll

$0 0*0 0t%0 3 M »•<> ft mn

<vJLc ijJtjl*, meaning ^ytj^U iCJ jjlI.A (T,S) and

,-Jlfcl (T) [/ asked of him (namely the Sultan,
T, or the Emeer, S) vengeance of such a one, or
aid against such a one, and lie avenged me of him,
or aided me against him],

5 : see 4, in two places.

6 : see 4, in three places.

10. AjAr »1,)Uxt t. q. «I.»jumiI [He asked of him
aid, or assistance, against him; or vengeance of
him] : (T, S, M, ^l :•) or he complained to him
of his (another's) deed to him, in order that he
might exact his (the complainant's) right, or due,
from him. (T A.) See also 4, last sentence.

Jbl An instrument ; a tool; an implement ; a
utensil: and instruments; tools; implements; uten-
sils; apparatus; equipments; equipage; accoutre-
ments; furniture; gear; tackling: syn. <UI : (T,S,
M, Msb,K:) of any tradesman or craftsman ; with
which he performs the work of his trade or craft :
and of war ; wy^JI »bl signifying weapons, or
arms : (Lth,T :) and for an afiair [of any kind] :
(M :) [applied also to the apparatus of a camel,
or of a camel's saddle, &c. : (see •..»».:)] and
t sy^l signifies the same ; (M, TA ;) and *ijl.>l :
(TA:) and v*i>t, (S, TA,) like ^i, (TA,) [in
some copies of the S J>l,] signifies apparatus,

38

equipments, equipage, accoutrements, furniture,
gear, tackling, implements, tools, or the like;

Byn. LLl: (S,TA:) the pi. of Stj't is l>\' 3 'i\.

(T, ^, Msb, K.) You say, *5'*1 •**•' [ 7/ « <«>*

Am apparatus, &c. ; or prepared, furnished,

s$f
equipped, or accoutred, himself] ; (S, M, £ ;) ^-»^U

[ybr At q^atr], and >i-JU [/or journeying, or

<A« journey], (M,) and j*jUU [/or the vicissi-
tudes of fortune]: (T, S,K:) and it is related
on the authority of Kb, that they said «ul jj» J^.1 ;
substituting « for I. (Lh, M). And illJJ ojkiu

* *>!>! >*^l >• «. -Lj*l [J took for that affair
its apparatus, tec.]. (S, TA.) And ^e ^jm^i
syJcAi *i£>l We are in a state of preparation
for prayer. (S,TA.)__ [Hence, in grammar,
A particle ; as being a kind of auxiliary ; in-
cluding the article Jl, the preposition, the con-
junction, and the interjection ; but not the adver-
bial noun.]

I • • »1

ijjt : see obi, in three places. = Also A

journey; or a journeying: from^i-JU tj)L (M.)

•» '« • -i

•jljl : see stjl.

lib] i.q.tjJL; (S,M,Mgh,Msb,K ; ) Lsj.
ji Mtofl »«ie/ [or oa//] of skin, made for water,
like the I — ^Is— : (TA :) or, as some say, only
o/* (wo skins put face to face : (M, TA :) pi.
i&W } (S, Mgh, Msb, K ;) originally, by rule,
IjSljl ; which is changed, as in the cases of
CuLo and ClU^., from the measure J5U» to the
measure ^jlUi, so that the j in ij'jbl is a sub-
stitute for the augmentative t in the sing., and
the final alif [written ^] in ^jbl is a substitute
for the j in the sing. (S.) __ See also St>l.

\£*\ [a noun denoting the comparative and
superlative degrees, irregularly formed from the

verb ^jl ; like as the noun iOl in art i_ol is

At
irregularly formed from the verb i£>l in that

art.]. You say, 5,,- iji\ •*, meaning »|J| and

* - tt **

»ljktl [J< m the strongest kind of thing, and, app.,

the most effectual to aid or assist, or to avenge].

(TA.) mm See also art. ,j>\.

ij^> part. n. of the intrans. verb i£jl [q. v.].
(T'S, M,&c.)™[And act part. n. of itjT.]*=
j^*, without ., is from ^i 3 \ signifying "he
perished" [&c.]. (S.)

^>t

u *

2. .1*1, (T, S, M, &c.,) inf. n. a^U (T, S, K)
and tljl, (T,) or the latter is a simple subst,
(S, M, Msb, K,) [and so, accord, to the Msb,
is the former also, but this is a mistake,] He
made it, or caused it, to reach, arrive, or come
[to the appointed person or place &c.] ; he brought,
conveyed, or delivered, it; Byn. *Xle 3 \ ; (M, Msb,
¥p namely, a thing; (M;) as, for instance,
VUI ,Jl «iU^l [the thing committed to his
trust and care, to its owner] : (Msb :) he de-
livered it, gave it up, or surrendered it : (T :)
he payed it, or discharged it; (S,K;) namely,
his debt, (S,) a bloodwit, a responsibility, and

the like ; (Msb in art. jtjt ;) [and hence,] U^jjl
*#U [A« acquitted himself of that which was
incumbent on him ; or payed, or discharged,
wliat he owed] : (T j) fa performed, fulfilled,
or accomplished, it ; namely, [for instance,]
»^JI [*A« pilgrimage] ; (Msb in art. ^^aJ ;)
and in like manner, iLvU»JI [*A« religious rites
and ceremonies of tke pilgrimage], (Jel in ii.
196, and Msb ubi supra.) It is said in the Kur

[xliv. 17], .*TjU* ,J| I JA | Jjl, meaning Deliver
ye to me [the servants of God,] the children of
Israel : or, as some say, the meaning is, "jl l«jl
4DI >L* V. <u 4»l ># &» > tl U {perform ye to me
that which Ood hath commanded you to do, O
servant* of Ood] : or it may mean listen ye,
or give ye ear, tome; as though the speaker said,

jf* m * ^j 1 ! '_}■>' ; the verb being used in this sense
by the Arabs. (T.) And one says, *) *C-i>6,
*2fc »>•> (£»TA,) and *5l, in the place of ij,
meaning <CjjI ; (TA ;) i. e. / payed him his
due, or right. (K, TA.) And a man says,
"iTiUI U >t» iCot U [/Anow no< Aow to pay].
(TA.) One says also, <u» ^jt [meaning 2T«
payed, or marfe satisfaction, for him]: and iOl
^l^iJI <U6 [He payed for him, or in his stead,

the land-tax]. (Mgh in art. tj^.) [Hence,]
El-Akhnas says,

i. e. But I have put away from me [wfiat I had
borrowed, or assumed, of the foolishness of youth,
and amorous dalliance,] and now I am [or
there is at my abode] a keeper and collector to
the camels, or cattle, or property. (Ham p. 346.)

- " " St

_ [IJk£» ^jJI {j>\ is a phrase often used as
meaning It brought, conducted, led, or conduced,
to such a thing or state; as, for instance, crime
to punishment or to ignominy.]

4. i£aI, intrans. and trans. : see art. jjl.

5. j-»JI *e>l ^jU 2%« information, or n«w*,
reached him. (S.) = See also 2, in two places.

* ' ' *

10. *^)U »bU-/l 7/e desired, or sought, to obtain

from him property, or «uerf, or prosecuted, him
for it, or demanded it of him, (S, 1£>) an ^
extracted it, (S,) or tooA it, or received it, (1JL,)
/row Aim. (S, K.) ^ See also art. }*\.

Jljl a subst from 2 [signifying The act of
making, or causing, to reach, arrive, or come
to the appointed person or place &c. ; of bringing,
conveying, or delivering; of giving up, or sur-
rendering ; payment, or discharge, of a debt &c. ;
the act of acquitting oneself of that which is
incumbent on him ; performance, fulfilment, or
accomplishment]. (S, M, Msb, K.) _ [Hence,]
*b^)t l >-»- yk JJtf has a good manner of pro-
nouncing, or uttering, the letters. (TA.) _ ;Tjl
as a term of the law signifies The performance
of an act of religious service [such as prayer &c.]
at the appointed time: opposed to *Xci, per-
formance at a time other than that which is
appointed. (Msb and TA in art \j*&.)

[Book I.

s «

l^ji : see art 3 y.

l£.)1 [a noun denoting the comparative and
superlative degrees, irregularly formed from the
verb j_£jl; like as the noun ^al mentioned in
art. 3 }\ is irregularly formed from the verb 1C3I].
You say, AiUV^U ^1 yk [He is more, or better,
disposed to deliver, give up, or surrender, the
thing committed to his trust and care] (T, S,
M, K) JJU» [than thou], (S,) or »^ ,>• [than

another than he]. (M,* K.) [Az says,] die

' -t* st
vulgar say, iiW^U \J}\; but this is incorrect,

and not allowable ; and I have not known any
one of the grammarians allow ^jl, because J*il
denoting wonder [and the comparative and super-
lative degrees] is not formed but from the tri-

literal [verb], and one does not say, to) in the

/. s * i . s*f •» - • «

sense of (_£jl : the proper phrase is Jljl ^>-».l.

(T.) as See also art. 34!.
yye : sec art. 3 >1.

it

it a word denoting past time : (Lth, T, S, M,
L, Mughnee, K :) it is a noun, (S, L, Mughnee,
K,) indccl., with its last letter quiescent; and
properly is prefixed to a proposition ; (S, L, 1$. ;)
as in juj ya\i St it?-V [/ came to tltee when Zeyd
«too<f], and ^15 juj il and>>yu juj ii [ir/ien
/5c//(i was standing]. (S, L.) The proposition to
which it is prefixed is either nominal, as in [the

words of the K.ur viii. 26,] JeA3 ^J\ it *jj£>'&
[And remember ye when ye were few]; or verbal,
having the verb in the pret. as to the letter and
as to the meaning, as in [the Kur ii. 28, &c.,]

i&'Uh ibj Jli 31 3 [And when thy Lord said
unto the angels] ; or verbal with the verb in the
pret. as to die meaning but not as to the letter, as
in [the Kur ii. 121,] j*£i)t ^£t\ g£l iji
[Ami rthen Abraham was rearing the founda-
tions] ; all three of which kinds arc comprised in
the Kur where it is said, [ix. 40,] jSi syyoli Sfl
U* it Oe^ |jjw Ui* 6 ' *>!•*" ""r^ 1 ij 2M •j-» i
Ujm &\ Oj 0>-J ^ *-*-l-al Jyu il jU)l ,_,*

[If ye will not aid him, verily Ood aided him,
when those who disbelieved expelled him, being the
second of two, when they two were in the cave,
when he was saying to his companion, Grieve not
thou, for Ood is with us]. (Mughnee.) But
sometimes one half of the proposition is suppressed,

# m * A * * 4

as in Jli it, [also written Jlil,] meaning Jli il
Jiij£» [When that was so], or {jj\£* i>li it
[ When that was, i. e. then, at that time]. (Mugh-
nee.) And sometimes the whole of the proposition
is suppressed, (M, Mughnee,) as being known,
(Mughnee,) and ten ween is substituted for it; the
i receiving kesreh because of the occurrence of
two quiescent letters together, (M, Mughnee,)
namely the i and the tenween, (M,) and thus one
says, J£*^ ; the kesreh of the i not being, as
Akh holds it to be, the kesreh of declension,
although il here occupies the place of a noun
governed in the gen. case by another prefixed to
it, (M, Mughnee,) for it still requires a proposition

Book I.]

to be understood after it, (Mughnee,) and is held
to be indecl. (M, Mughnee) by general consent,

like^fe «"» d lr>> ( M ») a8 ^'"S com P°^ d of two
letters. (Mughnee.) [J says,] when Jt is not
prefixed to a proposition, it has tenween : (S :)
and hence Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, (8, M,)

♦ '*''. '.. * ' ',1'". *

l» ' ' .

• *-t—o Jl <Z-^3 ******

c ' '• * * *

[I forbade thy suing Umm-Amr in health, thou
being then sound] ; (S, M, L, Mughnee, TA ; [but
in two copies of the 8, for VU?» I find 4^;
and in the L it is without any point;]) in which
[J says] the poet means •*£-»., like as one says
JJU* and jL& : (8 :) and Fr says that some of
the Arabs say, ,_^-» Jt y>j I.J&J !.*£> O^*
meaning ^o Jlj jl y* [SucA and tuch things
mere, he being then aboy]. (T.) ^jUlso occurs
for it [app. it , but whether this or Jl is not clear
in the MS. from which I take this]. (M.) When
Jl is adjoined to nouns signifying times, the Arabs
join it therewith in writing, in certain instances :
namely .*£♦. [At that time, or Men], and jUy>
[In, or on, or at, that day], and £&J [In, or
on, or at, tha night], and ^J* [In, or on >
that morning], and J tSfSf [In, or on, that even-
ing], and Jljirtl [In that hour : or at" Mat rime;
Men], and' JJUU [Zn that year], [and 4&£ijj4<
Mat time ; J/ten] ; but they did not say ,tfi%
because O^t denotes tho nearest present time,
except in tho dial, of Hudhcyl, in which it has
been found to occur. (T.) When it is followed by
a verb, or by a noun not having the article Jl pre-
fixed to it, or [rather] by any movent letter, the
J of Jl is quiescent; but when it is followed by a
noun 'with Jl, [or by any T,] the J is mcjroorah,
as in tho saying,

'*JiV* oJjt lylfc J£»l M

[When the people, or company of men, mere
alighting, or taking up their abode, at Kddhimeh].
(T.) — In general, (Mughnee, K,) it is an ad-
verbial noun denoting past time, (M, Mughnee,
K,) when it is a noun denoting such time,

(Mughnee, K,) as in *&&* ■**© Jj& >£ [«*
plained above], (M,) and in Jl ill »^u «*ii
U ufc ^hiJJI ii^j* I [also explained above, and in
other instances already mentioned]: (Mughnee,
K:) in the former of which instances, AO says
that it is redundant; (M, Mughnee ;) but Aboo-
Is-hak says that this is a bold assertion of his ;
(M ;) [and IHsh says,] this assertion is of no
account, and so is that of him who says that it
here denotes certainty, like ji : (Mughnee :) [J
holds the opinion of AO on this point ; for he
savs.l it is sometimes redundant, like tit , as in
the saying in the Kur [ii. 48], \y>y* U^elj i^j,
meaning •«->>• ^J*!*} [And We appointed a
time with Moses; but instances of this kind are
most probably elliptical: see the next sentence].
(S.) As a noun denoting past time, it is [said to
be] also an objective complement of a verb, as in
[the Kur vii. 84,] ^i. ^L Jl 1^&JTj [And
remember ye when ye were few] : (Mughnee, £ :)

Jt — tj»

and generally in the commencements of narratives
in the Kur, it may be an objective complement of
^.jt understood, as in <&:M» «*Wj J* »!»
[before cited], and the like'. (Mughnee: but see
the third of the sentences here following.) As
such, it is [said to be] also a substitute for the
objective complement of a verb, as in [the Kur
xix. 16,] IZ& *U£y6ffi\j* 'jS^[And
mention thou, or remember thou, in the Scripture,
Mary, the time when she withdrew aside], where
Jl is a substitute of implication for^^*. (Mugh-
nee, K : but see the second of the sentences here
following.) As such, it also has prefixed to it a
noun of time, of such a kind that it is without
need thereof, as in j£#, or not of such a kind
that it is without nce'd thereof, as in [the Kur iii.C,]
U^jjk Jl Jjy [After tlic time when Thou liast
directed us aright], (Mughnee, K.) And it is
generally asserted, that it never occurs otherwise
than as an adverbial noun, or as having a noun
prefixed to it ; that in the like of > ^i£> Jl \a/=»Jlj
Nuli. it is an adverbial noun relating to an objec-
tive complement suppressed, i. e. 4&I i+su (!>■*&>)
jjj iy-*-* Jl ^J^* [And remember ye the grace
of God towards you when ye were few] ; and in
the like of Oj^Tjl, that it is an adverbial noun
relating to a suppressed prefixed noun to [that
which becomes by the suppression] the objective
complement of a verb, i. e. [in this instance]
'J>'^* iJei jfi»jTj [And mention thou, or remem-
ber thou,' the case of Mary] : and this assertion
is strengthened by the express mention of the
[proper] objective complement in [the Kur iii. 98,]

iiuii>& >\j& & &* «*>& i And re -

member ye the grace of God towards you when ye
were enemies]. (Mughnee.) — Also, (Mughnee,
K,) accord, to some, (T, Mughnee,) it is used (T,
Mughnee, K) as a noun (Mughnee, K) to indi-
cate future time, (T, Mughnee, K,) and tjt is
said to denote past time, (T,) [i. e.] each of these
occurs in the place of the other ; (TA ;) the former
being used to indicate future time in the Kur
[xxxiv. 60], where it is said, \y>ji J» {Jj3 £}
[And couldst thou see the time when they shall be
terrifUd], meaning the day of resurrection ; this
usage being allowable, says Fr, only because the
proposition is like one expressing a positive fact,
since there is no doubt of the commg of that day ;
(T ;) and in [the Kur xcix. 4,] UjCl*.l £>J*** -£**
[ On tliat day, site (the earth) shall tell her tidings] ;
(Mughnee, K0 ♦h' 8 being generally regarded as
similar to the expression of a future event which
must necessarily happen as though it had already
happened; but it may be urged in favour gf those
who hold a different opinion that it is said in the
Kur [xl. 72 and 73], Ji Jt&JI Jl Oy<^*i $r*
^iU*l [They shall hereafter know, when the
collars shall be on their necks]; for Oy**4 w a
future as to the letter and the meaning because of
its having «J>- conjoined with it, and it governs
Jl, which is therefore in the place of IJt. (Mugh-
nee.)— It also indicates a cause, as in [the Kur
xliii. 2&,]jj+& i\j>*il^**ii cP i Jt mM «*
profit you this day, since, or because, ye have
acted wrongfully], (Mughnee, K,) i.e. because

of your having acted wrongfully in the sublunary
state of existence ; (Bd, Mughnee ;) but it is dis-
puted whether it be in this instance a particle in
the place of the causative J, or an adverbial
noun : (Mughnee :) Aboo-'Alee seems to hold
that ^/V* Jt [as meaning when ye have acted
wrongfully] is a substitute for, or a kind of repe-
tition of, >*)t ; an event happening in the present
world being spoken of as though it happened in
the world to come because the latter immediately
follows the former. (IJ, M, L, Mughnee.) You
say also, ci»» jl <& J^» [Praise be to God
because, or that, thou earnest, or hast come]. (S
in art I,-*..) — It is also used to denote one's
experiencing the occurrence of a thing when he
is in a particular state; (8, L ;) or to denote a
thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly ; (S,
Mughnee, K ;) like tjl ; (S ;) and in this case is
only followed by a verb expressing an event MS
positive fact, (S,L,) and occurs after U^ and C^;
(Mughnee, K;) as [in exs. voce ^; and] in
j!i) fU. jl \'j£» Ul W [While I was thus, or M
t&tl state, lo, or behold, or there, or then, at that
time, (accord, to different authorities, as will be
seen below,) Zeyd came] ; (S, L;) and as in the
saying of a poet,

• j^ Ojl> Jl >-*Jl U«*

[Beg thou God to appoint for thee good, and do
thou be content therewith; for while there has
been difficulty, lo, easy circumstances have come
about] : (Mughnee, K :*) but it is disputed whe-
ther it be [in this case] an adverbial noun of
place, (Mughnee, K,) as Zj and AHei hold;
(TA ;) or of time, (Mughnee, K») as Mbr holds;
(TA;) or a particle denoting the sudden, or
unexpected, occurrence of a thing, (Mughnee, K»)
as IB and Ibn-Malik hold; (TA ;) or a corrobo-
rative, i.e. [grammatically] redundant, particle,
(Mughnee, ^,) an opinion which Ibn-Ya'eesh
holds, and to which Er-Radee inclines. (TA.) —
It is also a conditional particle, but only used as
such coupled with U, (8, L, Mughnee,*) and
causes two aorists to assume the mejzoom form,
(Mughnee,) as when you say, «!«l ^U Ujl
\When, or whenever, thou shalt come to rne, I
L *f* J* *■

will come to thee], like as you say, UJj ^0 OJ

JuT rif thou come to me at some, or any, time, I
will come to thee] ; and you say also C-«3I Ujl
[like as you say, C^l oj, using the pret in the
sense of the future] : (8, L :) it is a particle
accord, to 8b, used in the manner of the condi-
tional o' » but i 1 is *" ad^rbial noun accord, to
Mbr and Ibn-Es-Sarraj and El-Farisee. (Mugh-
nee.) [What I have translated from the 8, L,

K, and TA, in this art, is mostly from »>^l J-ai
of JIJJI vV: *e rest, from 1^1 ufl^l vW-]

IJI

tjl denotes a thing's happening suddenly, or un-
expectedly ; (Mughnee, K ;) or one's experiencing
the occurrence of a thing when he w in a particular
state; (S;) like jt: (S voce Jl:),it pertains
only to nominal phrases; does not require to

40

be followed by a reply, or the complement of
a condition; does not occur at the commencement
of a uentence ; and signifies the present time,
(Mughnee, K,) not the future; (Mughnee;) as
in yMW Zy liU C^Jsh [I went forth, and lo,
or behold, or there, or then, at that present time,
(accord, to different authorities, as will be seen
below,) the lion was at the door] ; and (in the
saying in the Kur [xx. 21], TA,) £. ^ &jj
^*-J [And lo, or behold, kc, it was a serpent
running]; (Mughnee, K ;) and in the saying,
jJM *ij til* C-^i, which means / went forth,
and Zeyd presented himself to me suddenly, or
unexpectedly, at the time, by standing. (S, TA.)
Accord, to Akh, it is a particle, (Mughnee, IK.,)
and his opinion is rendered preferable by their
«»ying, yUW Ujj Oj liU C^-ji [I went forth,
and lo, or behold, verily Zeyd was at the door] ;
for [lit cannot here be a noun governed in the
accus. case, as] what follows jl, which is with
kesr, does not govern what precedes it : (Mugh-
nee :) accord, to Mbr, it is an adverbial noun of
place : accord, to Zj, an adverbial noun of time.
(Mughnee, K.) Ibn-Malik adopts the first of
these opinions ; Ibn-'Osfoor, the second ; (Mugh-
nee;) and so El-Fenjedeehee ; (TA;) and Z,
the third ; and he asserts that its governing word
is a verb understood, derived from SU-UJI ;
[agreeably with the explanation cited above from
the S;] but others hold that the word which
governs it in the accus. case is the enunciative,
which is either expressed, as in J^j Ijtt «£*•»>*»
wJV [/ went forth, and there, in that place,
or then, at that titne, Zeyd was sitting], or meant
to be understood, as in jj/}1 tiU, i. e. j-iU. [And
there, or then, the lion was present] ; or if it
be supposed to be [itself] the enunciative, its
governing word is ^iili or jiilt [understood] :
and in the last of the phrases here mentioned, it
may be an enunciative accord, to the opinion of
Mbr, the meaning being jj^l s^oUJCi [And
among t/ie things present was the lion] ;' but not
accord, to the opinion of Zj, because a noun signi-
fying time cannot be the enunciative of one signi-
fying a corporeal thing ; nor accord, to the opinion
of Akh, because a particle cannot be used to denote
the enunciative of such a thing; or, as signifying
time, it may be the enunciative of such a thing
if wc suppose a prefixed noun to be suppressed
the meaning of ju*^l tiU being ju.^1 ^ii. )U{
[And then was the presence of the lion]. (Mugh-
nee.) You may say either ^l^. j^j IjU J^LjL
or UlU. [I went forth, and lo, or behold, kc,
Zeyd was sitting or Zeyd was there fitting], with
the nom. as an enunciative and with the accus.
as a denotative of state. (Mughnee.) The Arabs
said, o* i*J j^,| V ^U)| jf jjtf £& J£

VJ* >* '*{* ,&& [I **«d to think that the
scorpion was more vehement in stinging than
the hornet, and lo, he is (as vehement as) the],
and also, tȣt yL fy, which 8b disallowed,
in contending with K«, who allowed it, and
appealed for confirmation thereof to certain Arabs,
whose judgment was pronounced in his favour;

'il

but it is said that they were bribed to give
this judgment, or that they knew the place which
Ks held in the estimation of Er-Rasheed ; and
if the latter expression be of established authority,

it is irregular and unchaste. (Mughnee.) It

also denotes the complement of a condition, like
*J, (S, Msb,) with which it is in this case syn.,
(Msb,) as in the words of the Kur [xxx. 351,

[And if an evil befall them for that which their
hands have sent before, (i. e. for sins which they
have committed,) then they despair]. (S, Msb.)
— It is also an adverbial noun denoting future
time, (S, Msb, Mughnee, K,») and implying the
meaning of a condition, (Msb, Mughnee,) and
this is generally the case when it is not used
in the manner first explained above. (Mughnee.)
In this case it is not used otherwise than as
prefixed to a proposition, (S, Mughnee,) which is
always verbal, as in the words of the Kur [xxx. 241,
.' "*i 'iff,;. *».. • '-•- • ' -- - £>

[Then, when He shall call you, or when He
calleth you, (for, as in Arabic, so in English,
a verb which is properly present is often tropically
future,) with a single call from out the earth,
lo, or behold, or then, ye shall come forth], in
which occur both the usages of lit here mentioned ;
(Mughnee;) and in the phrase, ituj&j cJL» I31
[When thou shalt come, I will treat thee' with
honour] ; (Msb ;) and in the phrase, tit i)L*.|
j-^\ j*».l [I will come to thee when the full-
grown unripe dates shall become red], and>»ji til
O^* [when such a one shall arrive], which shows
it to be a noun because this is equivalent to
0>* -»J*i J>yi [on the day when such a one
shall arrive] : (S :) or in the phrase ^L\ Ijl JJ
j-4\ [and in many other cases] it denotes time
divested of any accessory idea, the meaning being
[Arise thou] at the time of the full-grown unripe
dates' becoming red: and so in the saying of Esh-

Sh&fi'ee, If a man were to say, jf lit JUlL oJl

ittti t " " "

JUAtl, or dUU>l _J ,JU, [Thou art divorced

when I do not divorce thee,] and then be silent
for a time sufficient for the divorce to be pro-
nounced therein, she would be divorced; but
should he make it dependent upon a thing in the*
future, the divorce would be delayed to that time,
as if he said, j— Jl ^^-1 lit [using it in the sense
first assigned to this phrase above]. (Msb.) The
verb after it is in most cases a pret : in other
cases, an aor. : both occur in the saying of Aboo-
Dhu-eyb,

S0B0 * &■■* *

[And -the soul is desirous when thou makest it
desirous; and when thou reducest it, or restrictest
it, to little, it is content], (Mughnee.) When it
is immediately followed by a noun, as in [the
phrase in the Kur lxxxiv. 1,] c-iiif J fcl}\ lit ,
the noun is an agent with a verb suppressed,
explained by what follows it; contr. to the opinion
of Akh; (Mughnee;) the complete phrase being
^iiiTiUllI wliJUil [When the heaven shall
be cleft, (when) it shall be cleft] ; and in like

[Book I.
manner, ^t, as in the saying, in the Kur [ix. 6],
i»JU-i!T ^jLj\ ^ .U jl \. (I 'Akp.123.)
And in the saying of the poet,

e • - j * •

Ol£» is meant to be understood after lil [so that
the meaning is, When a Bdhilee (a man of the
tribe of Bahileh) has, or shall have, as his wife a
Handhalecyeh (a woman of the tribe of Handha-
leh, who were renowned for generosity), he having
offspring from her, that (offspring) is, or will
be, the mail-clad]. (Mughnce.) —Sometimes it
denotes past time, (Mughnee, K,) like as il some-
times denotes future time, (Mughnee,) as in [the
saying in the Kur lxii. 11,] £j jl jjuj ijt Iji,'
V=M \ i ^aHi\ [And when they saw merchandise or
sport, they dispersed Uiemselves to it]. (Mughnee,
K.) [Thus] it occurs in the place of il, like as il
occurs in the place of lil. (TA.) And some-
times it denotes the present time ; and this is after
an oath, as in [the phrase in the Kur xcii. 1,1

j i # # $& * ,J

L5~*i 'ij Jt^b [By ^e night when it covereth

with its darkness]. (Mughnee, K.) It also

occurs in the sense of the conditional jl, as in

the ,.!V ri , ng ' U^ ffi ty •^ L V^ ,I » meaning jl
(jj-*/^ 1 [^ w«'tf treat thee with honour if thou
treat me with honour]: (T:) [for] what is pos-
sible is made dependent upon it as well as what is
known to' be certain, as in the phrases, J^j jU^. lit
[If Zeyd come] and £li\ ^ ;U. lil [When the
beginning of the month shall come] ; or, accord,
to Th, there is a difference between lil and ."it :
(Msb ;) the latter being held by him to denote
what is possible, and the former to denote what is
ascertained; so that one says, Juj ;U. .'.| and

j^\ ^Ij ;U- til. (Msb in art. £l.) When a

verb in the first person sing, of the pret. is
explained by another verb after it immediately
preceded by til, [J^ij is understood before the
former verb, and therefore] the latter verb must
be in the second pers. sing., as in «3pl tit
JM ^J> [meaning Thou sayest (of a thing)
when, or if, thou hast turned it about in thy
mouth]. (MF in art. ~.y. See also ^1; last
sentence but one.) — It is sometimes redundant,
like as it is sometimes [accord, to some], as
in the saying of 'Abd-Menaf Ibn-Riba El-Hu-
dhalee,

sJs&^^U^iltii't^

00 1 M0\ % j 1 p , M *t *

[Until they made them to pass along Kut&ideh,
(here meaning a certain mountain-road so named,
S in art. j££,) urging on, like as the owners, or
attendants, of camels drive those that take fright,
and run away] ; for it is the end of the poem > or
he may have abstained from mentioning the enun-
ciative because of its being known to the hearer.
(§.) When til is preceded by i j£., [as in this
instance,] it is generally held that til is not

Book I.]

governed by ^ in the gen. case, but is still an
adverbial noun, I J^. being an inceptive particle
without government. (Mughnee.) __ As to what
it is that governs til in the accus. case, there arc
two opinions ; that it is its conditional projjosition ;
or a verb, or the like, in the complement thereof:
(Mughnee, K :) the former is the opinion of the
critical judges ; so that it is in the predicament of
,.£4 and liig^- and ,jCl. (Mughnee.) — Some-
times it is used so as not to denote a condition,
as in the words of the Kur [xlii. 35], U "il^
^.JjJu^k \^~ai [And when, or whenever, they
are. angry, they forgive], in which it is an ad-
verbial noun relating to the cnunciative of the
inchoative after it ; for if it denoted a condition,
and the nominal proposition were a complement,
it would be connected by \J : and the same is the
case when it is used after an oath, as in an
ex. given above. (Mughnee.) — See also what
follows.

til, (Msb, TA, the latter ns on the authority of
Lth,) with tenween, (TA,) or ^i}. ( T . S . M »
Msb, Milglim*, K, the first as on the authority of
Lth,) written in the former manner, (TA,) or in
the latter, (T,) when connected with a following
proposition, (T, TA,) and in a case of pause
written * lj», (T, S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K, TA,)
and therefore the Basrccs hold that in other cases
it should be written 1*1 , (Msb,) though El-Md-
zincc and Mbr hold that it should be in this case
also with Of ^'l"' Fr holds that it should be
written with I when it governs, and otherwise
with Of in order to distinguish between it and
[the adverbial noun] lit: (Mughnee :) a particle,
(S, Msb, Mughnee, TA,) accord, to the general
opinion ; and accord, to this opinion, it is a simple
word, not compounded of it and o' ; and as
being simple, it is that which renders an aor.
mansoob, not o' suppressed and meant to be
understood after it : some say that it is a noun :
(Mughnee :) [but a knowledge of its meaning is
necessary to the understanding of the reason given
for asserting it to be a noun.] It denotes a
response, or reply, corroborating a condition;
(Lth, T, TA ;) or compensation, or the comple-
ment of a condition ; (Msb ;) or a response, or
reply, (Sb, S, Mughnee, K,) in every instance ;
(TA ;) and compensation, or the complement of a
condition, (Sb,S, M, Mughnee, K,) though not
always : (Mughnee, TA :) and its virtual meaning
is [Then; i. e., in that case; or] if the rase, or
affair, be a* thou hast mentioned, (M, K, TA,)
or as has happened : (M, TA :) [and hence,]
accord, to those who say that it is a noun, the

original form of the phrase jU^sl oiJ [Then, or
in that case, or if the case be so, I will treat thee
with honour, said in reply to one who says " I

will come to thee,"] is iUjl»t l _ J ^-»- 'i' [When
thou shalt come to me, I will treat thee with
honour] ; then the proposition [^"^ V ] '8 thrown
out, and tenween [or o] is substituted for it,
(Mughnee,) for which reason, and to distinguish
between it and [the adverbial] til, the Koofces
hold that it should be written with Of (Msb,) and
Ot [preceded by ( _ J JLc w-*-j or the like] is sup-
Bk. I.

tJl-Oi«

pressed and meant to be understood [as that which
renders the aor. mansoob ; so that when one says

JUj^>l oil, it is as though he said ,j^-V 'ij
jJU^t o' /^i* y».: When thou shalt come to
me, it will be incumbent, or obligatory, on me to
treat thee with honour]. (Mughnee.) It renders
an aor. following it mansoob on certain conditions :
(Mughnee, TA :) to have this effect, the aor. must
have a future signification, (T, S, Mughnee, TA,)
not present : (TA :) til must commence the phrase
in which the aor. occurs ; (Mughnee, TA ;) [or,
in other words,] the aor. must not be syntactically
dependent upon what precedes lil: (TA:) and
there must be nothing intervening between til and
the aor., (T, Mughnee, TA,) unless it is a particle,
(T,) or an oath, (T, Mughnee,) or the negative -}':
(Mughnee:) therefore, to a person who says,
" To-night I will visit thee," (S,) or who says,
" I will come to thee," (Mughnee,) you say,
jJU^I Oi' [Then, or in that case, &c., I will
treat thee with honour] ; (T, S, Mughnee ;) and
to one who says, " I will treat thee with honour,"
you say, J&.1 lit [Then, or if the case be so, I
will come to thee]. (TA.) When the verb after
Oil has the present signification, it docs not
govern : (S, Mughnee, TA :) therefore, to a per-

son who says, " I love thee," you say, ,iU»l oiJ
tljli [Then, or if the case be so, I think thee
veracious] ; for this is a mere reply : (Mughnee :)

• • il t »

and to one talking to thee, Wi^» *<*1 'ij [Then
7 think thee to be lying]. (TA.) When it is put
in a middle place, (S,) not commencing the phrase,
(Mughnee,) the verb after it not being syntacti-
cally dependent upon what is before it, (S, TA,)
it docs not govern : (S, Mughnee, TA :) there-
fore, to one who says, " I will come to thee,"

(Mughnee, TA,) you say, JxZj£o\ oi' $ [It «»
tluit case, will treat thee with honour] : (S, Mugh-
nee, TA :) for oi' among the words which govern
verbs is likened to o*" among those which
govern nouns: (S:) and when it is put at the
end, it* does not govern ; as when you say,

til Atj*r*\ [I will treat thee with honour in that
case]. (S.) The saying [of the poet, or rajiz],

L>l jl iU*t lit J%

is explained by regarding it as an instance of the

suppression of the enunciative of o' > BO that the

rr -i « i >; < •'

meaning is, «iUi LJ J* jJ>i\ ">} ^yit, and then a

new phrase commences [wherefore the verse means
Do not thou leave me among them remote, or
a stranger : verily I cannot endure that : in that
case I should perish, or I should flee]. (Mugh-
nee.) When it is immediately preceded by a
conjunction such as ^ or o, the aor. may be
either marfooa or mansoob. (S, Mughnee.)
When a noun is introduced between it and the
aor., the latter is marfooa, (T, Mughnee,) as
in the saying, -iUjk l)}6-\ OiJ [Then, or in
that case, thy brother will treat thee with honour],
(T,) or iU>£»l oif J4* W 'ij [Then, or in that
case, 'Abd- Allah, I will treat thee with honour] ;
but Ibn-'Osfoor allows the intervention of an

41

adverbial noun [without annulling the govern-
ment] ; and Ibn-Babshadh, that of the vocative,
and of a prayer; and Ks and Hisham, ttiRt of a
word governed by the verb; but Ks in this case
prefers nasb ; and Hisham, refa. (Mughnee.)
When you put an oath in the place of the noun,
you make the aor. mansoob, as in the saying,
>lii o% tit [Then, or if the case be so, by
God,' thou wilt sleep]: but if you prefix J to
die verb with the oath, you make the aor. marfooa,
saying, >jOZJ «% Oi[ [Then, or if the case be
so, by Ood, assuredly thou wilt regret, or repent],
(T.) When you introduce a particle between it
and the aor., you make the latter either marfooa

or mansoob, saying, JL^I *} 0*J •■• ■^jr aS J
[Then, or in that case, Iwill not treat thee with
honour]. (T.)_- Sometimes the I is rejected,
and they say, J**l *-J Oi [Then, (a word exactly
agreeing with Oi ln sound as well as in mean-
ing,) or in that case, J will not do such a thing].
(M, K,* TA.) __ IJ relates, on the authority of
Khalid, that lit is used in the dial, of Hudheyl
for it. (M.)_[oi' or 'i' » mentioned and
explained in the S and £ and TA in art. Oi'»
and in the TA in i£jl <-»»*$■ vW also.]

jlit The sixth of the Greek [or Syrian] months
[corresponding to March O. S.]. (K.) [This
is not to be confounded with jit or jil, which
is the ninth month of the Persian calendar.]

1. i» 6>' ( T » ?» M » M ? b " $) ttnd A C M » s.)
aor. '- , (T,'Ms b, K.) inf. n. oi', (T, S, Msb, K,)
He [gave ear or] listened to it, (T, S, M, Msb,K,)
or Am: (T,S,M,?:*) or it signifies, ($,) or
signifies also, (M,) he listened to it, or him,
pleased, or being pleased. (M,K.) It is said in
a trad., (T,),^ ^ *i}fe> i^*» Oi» ^
OljiJW (T, S) God hath not listened to anything
[in a manner] like his listening [to a prophet

chanting the Kur-dn]. (T.) And in the Kur

" -«- » - «-

[lxxxiv. 2 and 5], VjJ Ciilj And shall listen

to its Lord, (M, Bd, Jei,) and obey ; (Jel ;) i. e.,
shall submit to the influence of his power as one
listens to the commander and submits to him.
(Bd.) And you say, jyJU Oi' ■**• H*ie*ed and
inclined to sport, or play. (M.) _ [Hence,
perhaps,] >ULj I aijljj Oi' t -ff« desired eagerly,
or longed for, the food, [perceiving its odour,]
(ISh, £,) and inclined to it. (ISh, TA.) —
[Hence also, app.,] ,^1 ^ *5 oi'» ( s » M » K,)
or tj^ jpi yj, (T,) or lji» ^J, (Msb,) aor. -,
(T,K,) 'inf. n. o£'» (T,S,M,K,) or this is a
simple subst., (Msb,) and o*i'> (?,) [as though
originally signifying He gave ear to him in
respect of such a thing ; and then] he permitted
him, allowed him, or gave him permission or
leave, to do the thing, or such a thing. (M,
Msb, K.) [See also oi' t helow.] You say,

''■"' **f * • f »i ••

».UjJI ,J j^jlU oJil [I gave permission, or
leave, to the slave to traffic]. (Msb.) — oi'

6

42

«u.U a) He took, or yor, permission, or leave,
/or Aim ,/rom him. (M.) You say, ^jJ oJ*'
.*rO)1 ^A* (?, TA) Take thou, or «e< <Aot^
permission for me from the commander, or
governor, or prince. (TA.) El-A'azz Ibn-'Abd-
Alluh says,

'■ft.

t

[And verily I, when the prince is niggardly of
his permission, am able to take permission of
myself when I will]. (TA.) And a poet says,

* U.b <S!JJ w>l>J oJli •

m *S.* * > * * m * i * p

U>j l*^- jjil* O J«

[/ lata* to a door-keeper, near by whom was
her house, take thou, or get thou, permission for
me to enter, for I am her husband's father, and
her neighbour] : meaning, says Aboo-Jaafar,

^jiti) ; for the suppression of the J is allowable
in poetry, and the pronunciation with kesr to the
O is accord, to the dial, of him who says Ool
J&. (§.) _ ,^W Oi', # (?,* M, Msb, K,)
nor. '- , (S,M,K,) inf. n. oiJ and oil and o*i>
and iilil, (M, K,) He knew the thing; knew
of it ; had knowledge of it; became informed, or
apprized, of it. ($, M, Ms b, K.) It is said in

the Kur [ii. 279], a) J.J.' a«T o-« v jL/ iJiU
(§, M, 5) 5TAe» &e ye informed, or apprized,
of war [that shall come upon you] ^oro GW
nnrf Aw apostle : (M, K :) or <Aen 6e ye sure,
or assured, &c. (T.) [8ee also oil, below.] =
liil, (T, 9, M, K,) inf. n. &I, (T,) He hit,
or Aurt, Aw ear; (T,S, M,K;) or rfrwcA Aw
car; (so in some copies of the 8;) and taJi!
signifies the same, (M, K,) inf. n. ^tjyl. (TA.)

[See also 20— -Oi' t M though originally signi-
fying He liad his ear hit or Aur< ;] Ae complained,
or had a complaint, of his ear ; (K ;) said of
a man. (TA.)

2. iiil, (S,M,K,) inf. n. ^jfe, (K,) He
wrung, or twisted, (i)j*,) his (a boy's, S) ear :
(8, K :) or Ae struck, (vJ-»> TA,) or struck with
his finger, or ftUipped, (ji f , M,TA,) Aw ear.
(M,TA.) [See also iii'.] They say, (in a prov.,
TA in art. j^.,) oiji>^ (&*• ^V ^XJ, (M,
TA,) i. e. For every one that comes to water is a
single watering for his family and his cattle;
fAen Aw ear is struck, to apprize him that he
has nothing more to receive from them : (TA
in tho present art., and the like is said in the
same in art. jy+. :) or, f <Ae» Ae is repelled from
the water : (TA in art. j^. :) [for iiil signifies
also] — t He repelled him, (IAar, T, M, K,)
namely, a man, (IAar, T, M,) from drinking,
(K,) and did not give him to drink. (M,K.)
You say also, Q^l Jli \J$ t [i n which the
pronoun appears, from the context, to relate to
camels,] f Send ye away from me the first ones
of them. (En-Nadr, T.)™jJut Jj>\ (>nf. n.
us above, 8,) He put to the sandal what is termed

Oil, q- ?• infra : (g, M, K :) and in like manner

Oi'
one says with respect to other things. (8, K.) =
Oi'» (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) also signi-
fies He made known, or notified, a thing (!,JW)
much; (M,K;*) Ae proclaimed, or made pro-
clamation; syn. fjl\i: (Jel in vii. 42, and
Bd and Jel in xii. 70 and xxii. 28 :) 8b
says that some of the Arabs make oil and
Oil to be syn. : but some say that the former
signifies Ae called out publichly; and the latter,
». q.j^UX [Ae made to know, &c. : see 4]. (M,
TA.) It is said in the Kur [xxii. 28], .J oi'i
^«Jl/ ^LJI (M) And proclaim thou, among the

people, the pilgrimage. (Bd,Jel.) Also, (8,

K,) or S^Jjg oi'*» (Mfb,) inf. n. as above, (M,
$,) or o'i', (S,) or both, (TA,) or the latter
is [properly speaking] a simple subst [used as
an inf. n.], as in the instances of Ul>^ ej^ and
U%, £l, and U^L£> £&> &c, (Msb,) He
called to prayer ; (M, K ;) Ae notified, or made
known, or proclaimed, [i. e., chanted, from the
JiJJU,] Me time of prayer; (S* Msb,» TA;)
and t oil signifies the same, (K,) inf. n. o'Jy'-
(TA.) IB says, the phrase ^^ujl oil, with the
verb in the act. form, [a phrase commonly obtain-
ing in the present day,] is wrong ; the correct

expression being j-a«>W Oi' [The time of the
prayer of afternoon was proclaimed, i. e., chanted],
with the verb in the pass, form, and with the
preposition to connect it with its subject. (Msb.)
— You say also, aI^J J^Jl/ oi' He spoke of
sending away his camels. (En-Nadr, T.)

4. *iil : see 1, last sentence but one. __ [Hence,
app.,] inf. n. o'<*i'» \ He prevented him, or for-
bade him ; (K. ;) and repelled him. (TA.) [See
also 2.] — And fit (a thing, M) pleased, or
rejoiced, him, (M, £,) and he therefore listened
to it. (M.)«aiaif, inf. n. o'«M> ( T , M ?°,) «n
the place of which the subst. oli' ' s also used,
(T,) signifies e S^X » \ [I made him to know, or
Aave knowledge; informed, apprised, advertised,
or advised, him; gave him information, intelli-
gence, notice, or advice: and / made it known,
notified it, or announced it]: (T, Msb:) and

▼ OJiU, also, signifies 0%»UI [as meaning J made
to know, &c. : and i" made known, ice.]. (Msb.)
You say, ^K, iif, (T, 1$., [in the CK!, errone-
ously, iii I,]) or *JX\i, (S,) and^l iii'l, (M,
K!,) inf. n. o'jy}, (T,) meaning A^Xct [He made
him to know, or Aa»e knowledge of, the thing;
informed, apprized, advertised, or advised, him of
it ; gave him information, intelligence, notice, or
advice, of it; made it known, notified it, or
announced it, to him] ; (T, S, M, $ ;) as also
j*y\ t <uiO. (M.) So, accord, to one reading,
in the £ur [ii. 279], Jli\ r>* SjLj iJib 3TAe«
maAe ye known, or notify ye, or announce ye, war
from God. (M. [For the more common reading,
see 1, latter part.]) And so in the Kur [vii. 166],

<ivj " Oi^ ij.} And when thy Lord made known,
or notified, or announced : (Zj, S, M, K :•) or
the meaning here is, swore : (M, K :•) [for] you

say, o*** i! ^ " Oi^» meaning A« »roore <Aat Ae
would assuredly do [such a thing] : (M :) Lth

[Book I.

says that lji»j lji> oi""^ *cJi& signifies the
making the action obligatory. (T.) You say also,

1*11 * *ll * ' ""' rwrt

H - t-5; ^•*'" Oi^ 3 **• commander, or aorer-
nor, or prince, proclaimed (^>C) among the
people, with threatening (S, K) and prohibition;
i. e. >jJu and ^1*1. (S.) And you say of a
building that has cracked in its sides, >lj*J^Vf Oi^
leyi-J\j + [It gave notice of becoming a ruin
and of falling down]. (Msb in art. ^».) [Sec
also a similar ex. in a verse cited voce •$!. And
hence,] ^-iill oi^ [in the CK (erroneously) oil]
I TVie herbage began to dry up ; part of it being
still succulent, and part already dried up. (M,

K, TA.) And ^^Jl oif t The grain put forth
its iii I, or leaves. (TA.) See also 2, latter half,
in two places. a=oi^ and * oi^ are [also] used
in one and the same sense [as meaning He knew ;
had knowledge; or became informed, apprised,
advertised, or advised, of a tiling] ; like as one
says oil and o^- (?, TA.) You say, t £X\j f
meaning ^^JU-I [ Know thou] ; like as you say
^,JLju, meaning >0 JU I. (M.)

5 : see 4, in eight places.

10. AJiUwl He asked, or demanded, of him
permission, or fca»e, (M, Msb, K,) IJA . J to
rfo «wcA a /Ai'»7. (Msb.) [You say, Oil*-»l mean-
ing He asked, or demanded, permixxion, or leave,
to enter, or to come into the presence of another ;

and to go. And oJs. JjA-jJI ,-i Oi^-', and,
clliptically, a-U Oi^-'» «« a»Aef/, or demanded,
permission, or /core, to i/o tM to Am.]

• »i t>i
Oil : see Oi'-

* *

Oil [is held by some to be an inf. n., like

Oii' : ( scc 1 n y others, to be] a simple subst. ;
(Msb ;) signifying Permission ; leave ; or conces-
sion of lilterty, to do a tiling: and sometimes
command: and likewise will; (Msb, TA;) as in
the phrase avI oi^ ty the will of Ood : (Msb :)
or, accord, to El-Harallec, the withdrawal, or
removal, of prevention or prohibition, and the
giving of power or ability, in respect of being
and creation : or, accord, to Ibn-El-Kemal, the
rescission of prohibition, and concession of free-
dom of action, to him who has been prohibited by
law : or, accord, to Er-Raghib, the notification
of the allowance or permission of a thing, and of

indulgence in respect of it ; as in oiW pU»eJ "^'

aDI, [in the Kur iv. 67,] meaning [but that he
may be obeyed] by the will of God, and [also]
by his command : (TA :) or, as explained in the
Ksh, facilitation ; an explanation founded upon
the opinion that the actions of men are by their
own effective power, but facilitated by God ; and
in this sense, Esh-Shihab regards it as a metaphor,
or a non-metaphorical trope : (MF :) and accom-
modation ; syn. ^y ; (Hr in explanation of a
clause of iii. 139 of the Kur [which see below] ;)
but Es-Semeen says that this requires considera-
tion. (TA.) _ Also Knowledge ; syn. J^Xe- ;
(T, M,K;) and so toii'* ( M >£;) as in the
saying ,jj>Jj *& (T/ M,'k) and t ^jt, (M,
K) [He did it with my knowledge] : or oil has a

Book I.]

more particular signification than jtX*> being
scarcely ever, or never, used save of that [know-
ledge] wherein is will, conjoined with command or
not conjoined therewith ; for in the saying [in the
£ur iii. 139, referred to above,] v^a-J O^ 9 *"•>
4*1 OiW *$l 0)«3 o' [And it it not for a soul to
die save with the knowledge of God], it is known
that there are will and command ; and in the
saying [in the l£ur ii. 90], o? *y CKr***^** ~J
<iT oiW *)\ J».t [But they do not injure tliereby
any one save with the knowledge of Ood], there is
will in one respect, for there is no difference of
opinion as to the fact that God hath made to exist
in man a faculty wherein is the power of injuring
another : (Er-Raghib :) but Es-Semeen says that
this plea is adduced by Er-Raghib because of his
inclining to the persuasion of the Moatezileh.
(TA.) You say also, *iiW \J£s oJju meaning
JT did thus by his command. (T.)

Oil : see 4>il.

Oil and * oi'i (?» M » M f b » £») the lattcr a
contraction of the former, [which is the more
common,] (Msb,) [The ear;] one of the organs
of sense; (M, TA;) well known: (M:) of the
fern, gender: (8, M, Msb, K :) as also * 4 >>i ,:
($ I>1- OW» ( s > M, Msb, K,) its only pi. form :
(M :) dim. v i^jjl ; but when used as a proper
name of a man, Oii'» though <U>il has been
heard. (S.) You say, a^il \jifi :V [He came
spreading, or, as we say, pricking up, his ears :
meaning] t he came in a state of covetousness, or
eagerness. (T, K, TA. [See also Jii.]) And
juiil U_j^) b*)>j Ojo.) t J found such a one
feigning himself inattentive, or heedless. (T, TA.)

i' d 'J* J • '

And a) ,-iil C.....I J I turned away from htm,
avoided him, or shunned him : or J feigned myself
inattentive, or heedless, to him. (K, Ta. [See
also J-J.]) — t A man wAo /wtou <o what is said
to him : (M, I£, TA :) or a man wlw hears the

speech of every one : (S :) or who relies upon

• i j - -
reAat m *at'd <o A?'m ; as also £•—» a-oj'j : (M in

art. ^oj) :) applied as an epithet to one and to a

pi. number, (S, M, £,) alike, (S, M,) and to two,

and to a woman ; not being plurulized nor dualized

[nor having the fcm. form given to it]: (IB:)

you say o* 1 J*-J (AZ, S, M) and oi'> and
Oil Jl^y and oi 1 [& c : (AZ, M :) and some-
times it is applied to a man as a name of evil
import. (M.) It is said in the Kur [ix. 01],

2* j*- 0>» j» Oi' * 0*& (T, M) And
they say, "He is one who hears and believes
everything that is said to him:" as though, by
reason of the excess of his listening, he were
altogether the organ of hearing ; like as a spy is

termed o** 5 or O*' * 8 bere from oi' " he lis-

f *f • * * .

tened," and is like Owl and JXi in its derivation :

(Bd:) for among the hypocrites was he who
found fault with the Prophet, saying, " If any-
thing be told him from me, I swear to him, and

he receives it from me, because he is an oi I : " (M :)
therefore he is commanded to answer, Say, "A
hearer of good for you." (T, M, Bd.) — f A

sincere, or faithful, adviser of a people, who coun-
sels to obedience : (Msb :) a man's intimate, and
special, or particular, friend. (TA.) _ J A cer-
tain appertenance of the heart; (M ;) [i. e. either

auricle thereof;] ^JUJI Oil signifying two ap-
pendages (o^U) tn tne upper part of the heart :
(K :) and J of a J-eJ [or arrow-head or the like ;
i. e. either wing thereof] : and t of an arrow ;
jtr^\ O'M signifying the feathers of the arrow,
as AHn says, when they are attached thereon ;
and o'M £& ji [<* thing having three such
feathers] meaning an arrow : all so called by
way of comparison : (M :) and t of a sandal ; (S,
M, K ;) i. e. the part thereof that surrounds the

JL5 [q. v.] : (M :) or J*I)I Oil signifies the two
parts, [or loops,] of the sandal, to which are tied
the ,jl>*«a« of the J)\ji>, [or two branches of the
thong that is attached to another thong between
two of the toes, which two branches, however,

* si

sometimes pass through the 0^i'> encompassing
the heel,] behind the narrow part (j«a*«.) of the
sole. (AO in an anonymous MS in my possession.
See also JJuL) \A handle, (M,) or [a loop-
shaped, or an ear-shaped, handle, such as is
termed] *£*, (T, K,) of anything; (M, X. ;) as,
for instance, (M,) of a j^£» [or mug] ; (T,M ;) and of a
^i [or bucket] : so called by way of comparison :
and in all cases fern. : (M :) pi. as above. (T.)
— t What becomes sharp, or pointed, and then
falls off, or out, of the plants called «J^e and

>U3 when they put forth their ^s^*- [q. v.],
or when their u°^ become perfect ; because it
has the shape of an ear. (AHn, M.)

• * *

Oil, also written til : see art. lit.

Siil The leaves of trees, (En-Nadr, T,) or of

f J

grain. (K.) _ [The kind of leaf called <Lo^
of the>Cj-] — t The young ones of camels and
of sheep or goats ; (En-Nadr, T, TS. ;) as being
likened to the iSo^L of the^Cf. (TA.) — A
piece of straw: pi. [or rather coll. gen. n.] * oi'
[in the CK Jj>\}. (IAar, T, K.)=a Appetite,
appetency, longing, yearning, or strong desire.
(En-Nadr, T.) You say, J^NI l^ j»J hju tjl
SjujJtf iiil This is a herb for which the camels
feel a strong appetite &c. (En-Nadr, T.) And
4J <6il *^>»Ui» IJjk This is food for the odour of
which there is no appetite. (¥.,* TA.)

O'il A making known; a notification; an
announcement. (T, S, Mgh.) [See 4.] So in

the £ur [ix. 3], y-UI J\ «Jj^j -Tlf Of o'ilj
[And a notification, or an announcement, from
Ood and his apostle to men, or the people]. (T,
Mgh.) Also, and *C«*t (T, S, M, £,) and

Oji^> [the last an inf. n. of 2, and the second
a quasi-inf. n. of the same, which see,] (M, ]£,)
The notification, or announcement, of prayer, and
of the time thereof; (T, S ;) the call to prayer.
(M,I£.) [The words of this call (which is
usually chanted from the ii JJU>, or turret of the

t.iln/ ' »1 e • S *»*!

mosque,) are jJ=>\ ti)\ (four times) 4)1 ^ o' •K--''
*tll *9l (twice) Afrl jj-j U.» » o' «**-' (twice)

43

j£l iii (twice) '*t)T ^1 *JI *5-] — O'i^' abK>
signifies The [notification, or announcement,
called] iilit ; (M,K ;) because it is a notification
to be present at the performance of the divinely-
ordained prayers. (TA.) [This (which is chanted
in the mosque) consists of the words of the

former o'i 1 w i* tb e addition of »'%d\ 0-»U ji

• <« ** s*_
pronounced twice after OUJI ^^U (a ^»>.]_

Oli'i^l signifies 2%« o'i' [*•** ctwnmoti/y w
c'aiferf] and the JUUI. (TA.)

Ojil [An animal having an ear; as distin-
guished from f-y^-o, which means " having
merely an ear-hole"]. (Msb in art. ,>w.)

• * • *\ n , • *. • i

Oii' : see oi'- Ml See also oM» In tnree

places And see oli'-«^^- ?• *OiJ-* [16%

fo Anow or have knowledge, *»y o/"a thing; in-
forming, apprizing, advertising, or advising;
giving information, intelligence, notice, or advice;
making known, notifying, or announcing] : like
^1 and «^3 as meaningly* and £*ry>- (M.)

See also O&i*. asiOne who is responsible,

answerable, amenable, or a iwrety ; [ j-»V /W* •
fAtw//; and perhaps also o^Ju /or ano/Aw - /)^*©*!;]
syn. Je»i» (S,M, K) frndj^j [which signifies
the same as J-*£», and is plainly shown in the
M to be here used as a syn. of this latter ; but
SM assigns to it here another meaning, namely

w*>j.

in which sense I find no instance of the

»^UJI J£ ^. (twice) £ji)l J£ ^ (twice) | lency. (TA.)

use of OiM] i (AO, M ;) and * &±\ also is syn.

with Oii' in l be sense of J«^> (50 ■■ Also

A place to which the o'i' [ or cal1 t0 P ra y gr '\
comes [or reaches] from [or on] every side.

(§, SO
<U>il dim. of oi'» q- ▼• (?.)

^lil (S,M,Mgh,?) and *^ (M,?) Xfl^e-
eared ; (S, M, Mgh, £ ;) long-eared ; (M ;)
applied to a man, (S, M, K,) and to a camel,
and to a sheep or goat : (M :) [or] the latter
epithet is applied to a ram ; and its fern. &it
to a ewe. (T,S,M.)

. ,i»il One who hears everything that is said :

but this is a vulgar word. (TA.) [See oi'-]

a -i

Oil : see ^il.

OiT [act part. n. of 1. As such, Permitting,

or allowing; one who permits, or allows. And

hence,] A doorkeeper, or chamberlain. (S,£.)

• i
__See also o^'-

• of t * »\'

Oij<» : see Oi*"'

Oi5- : see Oii'- You ^y* ai i>* Je""^ *^*^
2T» impress notifies [or ii indicative of] good-
ness. (TA.) oCi}i, signifying The women

who notify, or announce, the times of festivity
and rejoicing, [particularly on the occasions of
weddings,] is a vulgar word. (TA.) = Herbage
beginning to dry up; part of it being still succu-
lent, and part already dried up : and a branch,
or wood, that has dried, but has in it some succv-

44

see what next follows.

ijjU (which may also be pronounced ii jk~*,
Msb) The place [generally a turret of a mosque]
upon which the time of prayer u notified, made
knonm, or proclaimed; (T, M,*^;») t. q. ijlii
[which has this meaning and others also] ; (AZ,
T,S,Msb;) as also »aii|i: (AZ,T:) or it
signifies, (as in some copies of the ¥.,) or signifies
also, (as in other copies of the same,) t. q. SJLu :
and lM*yo: [see these two words:] (]£:) or
t. q. JjUi, meaning 1^,'yo ; (Lh, M, TA ;) by
way of comparison [to the turret first mentioned]:

but as to * aiiU, it is a vulgar word : (TA :) the
pi. is oi*"»i agreeably with the original form of
the sing. (Msb.)

Oii* One mho notifies, make* known, or pro-
claims, [by a chant,] the time of prayer ; (M,*
Mfb, Kl ;•) [i. e., who chants the call to prayer;]
asalsot^i?. (M,£0

* ,t.

^iU, as meaning A slave permitted, or

having leave given him, by his master, to traffic,

is used for si Ol&t (Msb, TA,) by the lawyers.
(Msb.) an Also Having his ear hit, or hurt;
andsotjjiji. (TA.)

t^il
1. Jfit, aor. '-, inf. n. Jtf, (T, M, Msb, £,)
in [some of] the copies of the 1£ written lit, and
M> by ID, (TA,) and Mi I, (C$, [but not found
by me in any MS. copy of the £ nor in any other
lexicon,]) and, accord, to IB, Mil and ifit,
(TA,) or these two are simple substs. ; (M, Kl ;)
and v ^iU ; (T, S, M, Ms b, K! ;) [He was, or
became, annoyed, molested, harmed, or Awr<;]
A* experienced, or suffered, slight evil, [i. e.,
annoyance, molestation, harm, or Aurr,] fe« *Aan
wAa/ is termed jjJs ; (El-Khattdbce ;) or he
experienced, or suffered, what was disagreeable,
or hateful, or rat'/, (Msb, $,) in a small degree;
(Si) * [fty Ai», or t<];_ (T,S,M,£ ; ) [and
Ai+from him, or it :] * ^ifcjt signifies the being
affected by what is termed ^i^l [i. e. what
annoys, molests, harms, or hurts, one] : and also
the showing the effect thereof; which is forbidden
by the saying of 'Omar, ^uJV * j^iUJIj j)\^\
[Avoid thou, or beware thou of, shaming the
being annoyed, molested, harmed, or hurt, by
men] ; for this is what is within one's power.
(Mgh.) — Also, aor. and inf. n. as above, It
(a thing) was unclean, dirty, orjilthy. (Msb.)

4. (jiT signifies ^i^l Jii [He did what
annoyed, molested, harmed, or hurt], (M,K.)
— And iliT, (T, S, M, M ? b, £,) aor. ^, (S,)
inf. n. M*j*l (T, IB, Msb) and [quasi'-inf. n.]
&l, (T,) or (jit and Mil and LM, (S.K!,) but
IB refuses his assent to this, saying that these
three are inf. ns. of ^il, and MF says of sXl,
which is expressly disallowed by the author of
the £, though ho himself uses it, that others
assert it to have been heard and transmitted, and
to be required by rule, but he adds that he had

oii-vji

searched for examples of it in the language of
the Arabs, and investigated their prose and their
poetry, without finding this word ; (TA ;) [He,
or it, annoyed him, molested him, harmed him,
or hurt him ; or] he did what was disagreeable,
or liateful, or evil, to him. (Bd in xxxiii. 53,
Msb.) It is said in the £ur [xxxiii. 47],
j$m»i oj, meaning And leave thou the requiting
of them until thou receive a command respecting
them; (M, Bd,Jcl;) namely, the hypocrites:
(M :) or leave thou unregarded their doing to
thee what is [annoying, molesting, harmful, hurt-
ful, or] disagreeable, &c, to thee. (Bd.)

5 : see 1, in three places.

^il inf. n. of 1. (T, M, Msb, ]£.) [As a
simple subst., A state of annoyance or molesta-
tion.] — And [Annoyance, molestation, harm, or
hurt: quasi-] inf. n. of ilif. (S,K1.) It sig-
nifies also, [like • <£it and *Mil,] <u cJili U J£»
[Anything by which thou art annoyed, molested,
harmed, or hurt] ; (T ;) or ibiji U [a thing
that annoys, molests, harms, or hurts thee] :
(Mgh :) or a slight evil; less than what is termed
/j^>. (El-Khattdbee.) You say, ^ ^i^l iu
JjjJa)\ He removed, or put away, or put at a
distance, what was hurtful from the road, or way.

(Mgh and TA in art. Ja*».) Also A thing

held to be unclean, dirty, or filthy : so in the
Klur ii. 222. (Mgh, Msb.) [Filth; impurity:
often used in this sense in books on practical law.]

il Experiencing, or suffering, [annoyance,
molestation, harm, hurt, or] what is disagreeable,
or hateful, or evil, (M,» K,» Msb,) in a great, or
vehement, degree ; (M, K ;) applied to a man ;

(M,Mfb;) as also tj^| : (M,K:) and both
signify the contr. ; i. e. doing what is disagrccalrte,
or hateful, or rai7, in a great, or vehement, degree.
(£ •) — Also, applied to a camel, That will not
remain still in one place, by reason of a natural dis-
position, not from pain, (El-Umawce, A'Obcyd,
S, M, £,) nor disease ; (K ;) as also • ,^51 : (M:)
fern, of the former J^il ; (El-Umawee ice.;) and
of the latter tSJif. (TA.)

[Book 1.

sometimes signifies above]) what are termed
(ISh,TA:)pl.iiljl. (S.)

C*» :

til: and lit: see art. tit.

• -«

Mil an inf. n. of 1. (IB.) — And [quasi-]

inf. n. of MiT. (S, 1£.) — See also ^il and iJif.

I I Ml t

j^il, and «uil as its fem. : see il, in three
places.

&I an inf. n. of 1. (IB.) And [quasi-]

inf. n. of iliT. (S, £.) — And a subst. from iliT;
(Msb;) or, as also ♦flit, a subst. from ^il and
t_£iU; (M, !£;) signifying A thing that is dis-
agreeable, or hateful, or evil, in a small degree.
(£.) See also ^il.

8 -

yj±\, (S, M, £, &c.,) with medd and teshdeed,

(TA, [in the CK, erroneously, {ji'\,]) Waves (S,
M, Kl) of the sea : (S :) or vehement waves: (TA:)
or the JjUsI [app. meaning rollers, because they
fall over like folds,] which the wind raises from
the surface of the water, less, than (J^j [but this

1. lijl, aor. Jl, (S,) inf. n. j\, (S, K:,) limit
earn; he compressed her. (S, K.)

jl jl, (M, TT, L, [and so in the present day,])

or jl jl, (K,) A cry by which shcej) or goats are
called. (M,L,K.)

ji+ A man (S,) much addicted to venery : (S,

K :) so accord, to A'Obcyd, as related by Sh and

El-Iyadce. but thought by Az to be j^», of the

same measure as j&*, i. e., JjuLo, [originally
« I- .-.

jiU,] from Ujl. (T.)

1. Jf\, aor. '-, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. ajljl (AZ,

T, S, M, K) and vjj » like 'jLe, (S, K,) He was,

or became, cunning, characterized by intelligence

with craft and forecast, or simply intelligent,

excellent in judgment, sagacious, (T, [in which it

is said that A; is related to have assigned this

. » t * -i

signification to vj'» aor - ' t ,n »- n - Vj'i] ?, M,

K,) and knowing in affairs. (M.) [The TA

assigns the former inf. n. to it when it signifies

simply intelligence, and the latter when it has the

more comprehensive signification of cunning.] ^_

'yj^ V Vj'i t* 01 "' ' »] «• became expert, or skilful,
in the thing : (M :) or he became accustomed to,
or practised or exercised in, the thing, (S, K.,*)
and became knowing, or skilful [therein], (S.)—
Vjl* mf. n. ^jl, is also sj/n. with L ^-il [app. as
meaning He became familiar with a person or

thing], (M.) And *.«£JW «r>j' a ' so signifies

He devoted, or addicted, himself, or clave, or kept,
to the thing: (T, KL:) and A« hnm, or became,
niggardly, avaricious, or tenacious, of tlie thing.

(T, M, TA.) And jl^l ^J vj'» and *«» ^T 13 *

7/c exerted, or employed, his power and ability
in the affair, and understood it: (ISh, T :) or
VjO signifies he exerted his strength, force, or
energy; or strained himself '; (As, S, M \)tjjii\ ^-i
[in </tti thing]; (As, S;) and <Co-L>. ^y [t'n Am
needful affair, or t'n <A« accomplishment of hit
mint]. (As, S, M.)^d-U- ^jil //* Aa</, or
obtained, power over him, or tl. (M.)a=s^>jl,
aor. - , (T, S, £,) inf. n. 4»j', (T, S,) He was, or
became, in want, or need. (T, S, K.) [See Oyjl
^U>j i£i ^>c, and two other phrases following
it, in a later part of this paragraph.] — *JJ w^l,
(M, Msb,) or <y, (T,) aor. and inf. n. as above,
He wanted it ; was, or became, in want, or need,
of it ; (T, M, Msb ;) and sought it, or desired it ;
(T;) namely, a thing. (T, Mf b.) — 'jjkji\ J^J
Fortune was, or became, hard, or adverse : (T, S,

K:) as though it wanted something of us, for

•* * * i
which it pressed hard. (M, TA.) And a^U ,^1

He was, or became, hard upon him in his demand.

s**\ * *

(TA, from a trad.)^ tfgl, [from vj' >] He struck

upon a member, or limb, belonging to him. (K!,*

Book I.]

TA.) ^J, (T, S, £, TA,) His member, or

limb, (generally meaning the arm, or hand, M,)
ma* cut off: (M, K :) or dropped off: (T :) and
Ait members, or limbs, (generally relating to [the
members, or fingers, of] the arm, or hand, TA,)
dropped off, one after another, (S, It, TA,) Ml
consequence of his being affected by the disease
termed jt\S»- : (TA :) and it (said of a member,
or limb,) dropped off. (TA.) The phrase, C^l
«^J* KS) O^, (T, TA,) or Aj±t ^i J>*, (S,
TA, [and said in the latter to be likewise found
in the T, but I have consulted two copies of the
T and found only ^>*,]) or Jljju ^J yjt, (IAar,
an related by Sh,) or J&.Xi £>*, (K,) but MF
says that v >» in this phrase is a mistranscription,
(TA,) means, May the members [or fingers] of
thy hands, or arms, drop off: (S, J£, TA :) or it
means, may what is in thy hands depart from
thee, so that thou shalt be in want : occurring in
a trad. (IAar, T,TA.) And si U vj'» «»id by
Mohammad on the occasion of a man's coming to
him and asking him to acquaint him with some
work that should introduce him into Paradise,
means, accord, to Kt, May his memliers, or limbs,
drop off, or be cut off: what aileth him? (TA :)
or, accord, to IAar, may he become in want : what
aileth him? (T, TA :) but IAth says that this
has been related in three different ways: first,
^tj], signifying an imprecation, [as rendered
above,] and used ns expressive of wonder : sc-
condly, ti U » vj' > i. e. *) *»»U. ; U being
[syntactically] redundant, denoting littleness ; the
meaning being, he has some little want : or, as
some say, a want hath brought him : what aileth

v;<

him? thirdly,

Vj'>

1 1 i. e.

wjjl y»> ; meaning he

is intelligent, or sagacious, or skilful, [as is said in
the T,] and perfect : what aileth him ? or what
is his affair? the inchoative being suppressed.
(TA.) »>j sL^jl 4 **, (M,$,*) another form of
imprecation, (M,) means What aileth him? may
his arm, or hand, be cut off : or, may he become
poor, and want what is in the hands of others.
(M, ]£.•) — [Hence, perhaps,] <ujjl« oyjl His
stomach became vitiated, disordered, or in an
unsound state. (K.)_w>jl also signifies He
prostrated himself firmly, or fixedly, upon his
[seven] members [mentioned in the explanations
of the word 4»Jj]. (T.)

- . • t

2. ^ijl, inf. n. ^-JjU, He, or it, [made, or

rendered, cunning, or intelligent, excellent in judg-
ment, sagacious, and knowing in affairs; (sec
Vj' >)] ma de to have knowledge, or skill; or. made
to understand. (M, TA.)mmHe was, or became,
avaricious ; [in a state of vehement want of a
tiling ;] eagerly desirous. (A'Obeyd, TA.) [See
also 1.] =s He cut up, or cut into pieces, (T, A,
Mgh,) a sheep, or goat, (A, Mgh,) limb by limb.
(T, A, Mgh.)__ He cut off a member, or limb,
entire. (M, TA.) —He made entire, or complete,
(T,S, M, K,) a thing, (S,) a lot, or portion, (T,
TA,) or anything. (M.)

3. '*ij\, (S, A,) inf. n. Sjjlji, (M, A,) He

strove, or endeavoured, to outioit, deceive, beguile,

J ' "
or circumvent, him; syn. al*lj. (S, M,*A.*)

m*** t 9 .

It is said in a trad., (TA,) :U*j Jy«. ^p* tyy*
[The striving to outwit the cunning, or intelligent,
or sagacious, is ignorance, and labour without
profit]: (A, TA:) i.e., the intelligent is not to
be outwitted. (TA.) And */ «_>jl signifies He
practised an artifice, a stratagem, or a fraud,
upon him. (TA, from a trad.)

4. _+yti* «->j'> (T, ?, M, K,) of the measure
Js6\, (T,) inf. n. v!*' [originally L>\J,\], (K,)
He was successful against them, and overcame
them. (T,S, M,K.)

5. w>jO He affected, or endeavoured to acquire,

(otlCi,) cunning, or intelligence, and excellence
of judgment, (K, TA,) and deceit, guile, or arti-
fice, and wickedness, mischievovsness, or ma-
lignity. (TA.) [See Vj|0 — ffo u£ V? 5 :
see 1.

w>jl -. see what next follows, in two places.

w>jl Cunning, intelligence with craft, and fore-
cast, or simply intelligence, excellence of judgment,
sagacity, (T, S, M, L, K,) and knowledge in

affairs; (M, L ;) as also ♦ i^l and tA^I (M,K)
and t «_>j|, (M, A,) or ? « r »Jl. (L.) You say,
w»jl ^i yk [/ze i» a possessor of cunning, or t»-
telligence, ice.]. (S.) _ Intelligence and religion.

(Th, M, K.) _ Deceit, guile, artifice, or fraud ;

si «
syn. Xo : so in the L and other lexicons : in

• « >
the Jk, j£j [i. e. "cunning," &c, as above]:

(TA:) andso*ijJl; syn.aJL^. (K.) Wicked-
ness, mischicvousness, or malignity ; hidden ran-
cour, malevolence, or malice. (K, TA.) [In a
trad, it occurs in this sense written, in the TA,

* Vj'0 = ^ ee a ' so Vj') m f° ur places, asa Also
A member ; a distinct, and complete part of an
animal body ; a limb ; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K ;)
or such as is made complete, or entire, not wanting
anything: (M :) pi. ^Ijl (S, M, Mgh, Msb) and
yljl ; (S, Mgh ;) the latter formed by transposi-

99 *9 J t 9 &

tion. (Mgh.) You say, Ig] 1^,1 <UxL$ I cut him
up, member by member, or limb by limb. (TA.)
And w>ljl Ukj * (> y* jjm ,i tl or w»ljl Prostration
[in prayer] is [performed] on seven members;
(S, Mgh ;) namely, the. forehead, the hands, the
knees, and the feet. (TA.)__Also The mem-
brum genitale ; the pudendum ; syn. m.ji : (M,
K:) but some say that this signification is not
known: [see w>j ,: ] m som e copies of the 1£,
the explanation is written *-j» , with the unpointed
•». (TA.)__ ^>ljl [the pi.] also signifies Pieces
of flesh, or offiesh-meat. (M.)

•

see w>.t. i

Vj'' = Want, or need ; (T, S, M,

Mgb, Msb, K ;) as also * ^>j\ and ▼ <b)t (the

,*•■*' ^ ' t i.-l< ' \t.jt.

same, and A) and " <y;1 (KL) and "i^U and '<b;U

(T, S, M, A, Msb, K) and t^U (K) and t^jU :
(M, A :) the pi. [of ^jjl or ^t] is ^'j'j tJi ^ f ^
•M| and perhaps of the other sings, commencing
with I,] ^jt ; (M ;) and the pi. of «yjU is ZjJU.
(T, Msb.) It is said in a trad., respecting Mo-
hammad, a^ _js\*\ {j\£o He had the most
power, of you, over his want, and desire : (M, c

46

Mgh,* Msb,* TA :) IAth says that the most
common reading is tu/j, meaning iS ty AmJ : but
some read T <Vj"^, [as in the M and Mgh,] i. c,
either the same as above, [and so in the Mgh,]
or t^oaJ, by which is specially meant the mem-
brum genitale : (TA :) but this is not known.
(M.) Respecting the phrase a) U ^>jl, see 1.
You say also, IJjL ^H * J*j\ U What is [the
reason of] thy want of this? (A.) And ^ U
* ^jjl <ui / have no want of it. (A.) By jfk

*0*$ i-ljl, in the Kur [xxiv. 31], are meant
Idiots; or persons deficient in intellect: [from
ijl as meaning " intelligence :"] (Sa'ccd Ibn-
Jubcyr, S:) or not such as have' need of women.

(J el.) Ijui. <) t a^jL, (S^A,) or SjU— ^ t J,Ju,

(M,) is a proverb, (S, A,) meaning He only

honours thee for the sake of something which he

wants of thee ; not for love of thee: (A, Mcyd :)

or only thy want brought thee ; not the object of

paying extraordinary honour to me. (M.) [See

also Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. G90.] You say

<( - »',»*"• t **
also, ijo/^I i>* * -ik)U-> . J^JI, meaning, 6ro

thou whither thou wilt [so as to attain thy

want]. (A.)

^>%t : see w-oJ. Also [Expert; skilful:

' * t *

(see w>jl, of which it is the part. n. :) or] accus-
tomed to, or practised or exercised in, a thing,
and knowing, or skilful. (S, TA.) See also 1, in
the latter part of the paragraph, ss ;^^ w><l,
[or ^-£ jJf; (see w»j'»)] or * "r^'* of the measure
J*1», (Msb,) TFimt<tn<7, needling, or desiring, a
thing. (Msb,* TA in art. ^, &c.)

#-»! t • , • '•

iijl : see ^>j\ : =and Ojl.

•-• • • .

a^jl : see vj' > ,n two P laccs ;

two places.

^jt Calamity ; misfortune : (T, S, M, A, 1^1 :)
[said to be] the only word of this measure except

• 't •

sand w>jl, in

• I and

[names of two places]. (TA.)

O30» (
f *4

vars. of tjkjjti and 0>4>*

(ando^. (M,*IS,*TA.)
O^I(TA): J

^^-jjt Cunning, characterised by intelligence
with craft and forecast, or simply intelligent [as
in the S], excellent in judgment, sagacious, (T, S,*
M,K,) and knowing in affairs; (M;) as also
t ^J : (^ :) pi. of the former i^t. (T, M.) =

i»jjl jj3 A wide, an ample, or a capacious,
cooking-pot. ($•)

4»jT Jlfore, or mort, cimntn^, or intelligent,
excellent in judgment, or sagacious. (A.) [See

wjjl : see ^jjl.

• ,i» ♦ '* . , i

»,j,U : see ^jl, in three places.

%.A, *.>%* *. I. t -»

5j,U and 44U and <VjU : see w>jl, in four

places.
w>jJ-« A member, or limb, cut o/f entire : (T :)

46

or an entire, unbroken, member, or limb : (S :)
and anything made entire, complete, or perfect.
(S, £.) You say, Jyjj* uU& A shoulder cut off
entire, (Mgh, TA,) having none of its flesh taken
from it, (Mgh,) without any deficiency. (TA.)

•ty

l. Si.

jy : 8CC 2.

8. A& (M, A,) inf. n. i^fe, (T,S,K,) He
kindled, or lighted, a fur ; or wtarfe it fo frttrw,
ii<rn «;>, burn brightly or fiercely, blaze, or
/owe; (T, 8, M, A, £ ;) as also * i»Jf, aor. * ,
(T, £,) inf. n. i»jl ; (^; in a copy of the A
w»jj;) but this [says SM] no leading lexico-
grapher has mentioned, nor have I found any

example of it. (TA.) [See also it/y\ [Hence,]

«i~!jO also signifies J The exciting discord, dis-
tention, disorder, strife, quarrelling, or animosity,
between a people. (S, ]£.) You say, ^ £%\
j.yl\, (M,A.) and ^yLi$jblJgi £$, (T,
TA,) J He excited discord, dissension, disorder,
strife, quarrelling, or animosity, between, or
among, the people, or company of men ; (T, M,
A ;) kindled the fire of discord, dissension, &c,
[or evil, and war,] between them, or among them.
(T,» TA.)

0. jUI C~>jU 77ie ^/frc became kindled, or
lighted; or »< burned, burned up, burned brightly
or fiercely, blazed, or flamed. (S, M, K.)

-»j}» originally «_»^, (T, S,) InJteritance ; or a
person's obtaining possession of property left to
him by one who has died. (MF.)__.4n inheri-
tance, or a heritage ; what is inherited. (S, A,
l£.)^An old condition, case, or state of things,
which the last has inherited from the first. (S, A,
!£•) So in the phnise, I ±£o v >* .iijl ^J*. ^m [He
is conforming, in rcsjKCt of such a thing, with an
old state of things, or an old usage, which he has
inherited from his ancestors], (S.) And in the
following ex., from a trad., Sy» «1>.I . J* 'J>$\
jn^ji\j**P ^>j\ [Verily ye are conforming with
an old state of things, or an old usage, which ye
have inherited from your fattier Abraham], the
meaning is, that his religion was their heritao-e.
(T,*TA.) [See also w>^}.]__.4 remainder, or
what remains, (M, L, J$L,) of a thing, (K,) or of
the original of a thing: (M, L :) pi. 1>\j\. (L.)

— And [hence, app.,] Ashes. (M, ]£.) Also

Origin, race, or stock. (S, M, A, £. j You say,
t3«>"f -foj (^ .** J5& « o/ an excellent origin,
race, or rfocA. (S.) And j«L<> «i>jt ^yj £l
[ Fm/y A« m o/a glorious origin, race, or *?w/<] ;
as also ^w-o fcjjl , by a change of letters. (Yaa-
koob, M.) Accord, to I Aar, £>j\ relates to ■■,■'-■
[or grounds of 'pretension to respect or honour, on
account of one's ancestors' or one's own deeds or
qualities, &c.] ; and hjj, to property, or wealth.
(M.) [See art. £> jy ]

•2*1 , .

<bjl : sec w>ljl , in three places.

h\j\Fire; (T,M,L,*:;) as also taJ|J| and
* w»^l : (TA :) or (so accord, to the M and L,

but in the K "and") fiWer, and the like, pre-
pared for fire ; (M,L,K;) [as alsotaJu and

T i»jl; or these two words signify a meant of
kindling or inflaming ; as will be seen from what
follows:] or a lumpofthe dung of a horse or the like,
or a similar thing, with which one hindJes afire; as
also ▼ ifjl : (A :) or this last signifies dung of
camels or horses or the like, (S, £,) or wood, or a
ttick, (T,) that it prepared, or put in readiness,
by the aslies, (S, £,) or buried in them, (T,) for
the time when it may be wanted (T, S, $) for
fuel. (T.) It is said in a prov., mentioned in
the collection of Meyd, S^ljiaJI t a3ljl ii-Jjl
[Calumny, or slander, is a means of kindling, or
inflaming, enmity]. (TA : but in Freytag's
Arab. Prov., ii. 773, in the place of ttjjl, we find

taSjI.)

w-jjl : see the paragraph next preceding.

• j ' » -

*3ljj : see <£*M, in three places.

[Boob. I.

who excites ditcord, dissension, disorder, strife,
quarrelling, or animosity, among people. (K,*
TA.)

* '*

k-j-» • see what next precedes.

£&\\ The lion. (£.)

1. v^lfj':

sec 2.

1. mI, aor. - , inf. n. -.jl (S, A, Msb, K.) and
£jjl (S, A, K) andifcjjl, (IS., [in which it is only
mentioned as syn. with the first and second of
these ns., so that it may be a simple subst.,]) It
(perfume) diffused, or exhaled, its odour; (S, A;)
as also * «.jU : (A :) it had a hot, or strong,

odour; syn. JLLy J*y>. (S, A, £.) It (a

place) was, or became, strongly fragrant. (Msb.)
= rr-jl : sec 2, in three places.

*• f-j'> l an< ^ a PP- ffj' also,] He perfumed a
thing; mfl(/« it fragrant. (Ham p. 133.) _
[Both also app. signify J/e made perfume to
diffuse, or exhale, its odour: or )/i«r/« it to liave a
hot, or strong, odour. __ And hence,] a.jl, inf. n.
l^fej (S,K;) and »«f, (TA,) aor. ' , (T&)
inf. n. -.jl ; (K, TA ;) t He excited discord, dis-
sension, disorder, strife, quarrelling, or animosity,
(S, K, TA,) >»yOt ^m between, or among, the
people, or company of men, like Jijt, (S, TA,)
and w»j^JI ^ji t'n war. (TA.) And v^" fj',

(S,K,TA, and Ham ubi supra,) and *&.jl, (TA,)
t lie kindled war, or </»« ?w«r ; (S, TA, and Ham

ubi supra ;) and in like manner, -jUI the fire.
(IAijr, Ham.)

5 : sec 1.

p\ (L) and t Ljjt and *$i^f (ISd,TA) ^l

*wcef o</o«r : (ISd, L, TA :) pi. of the last, ls\j\.

(ISd,TA.) [See also 1.]
■ i
»-jl Perfume diffusing, or exhaling, its odour :

having a hot, or strong, odour. (TA.) __ Applied

also to a place : you say, »-j\ ,jl£« A strongly

fragrant place : (Msb :) and ■^JhJlj -..I o>^ [a

/to)«e, or c/iamber, fragrant, or strongly fragrant ,
with perfume]. (A.)

see «-,l.

►Ijl (K) and 1 1 'Ji* (TA) f ^ liar : and one

2. v^fJI ^-j«, (?, Mgh, Msb, ?,) inf. n.

«l»! (S.Mgh;) and t iLjt, (Il^tt, M 9 b, £,)

J" * • •«

inf. n. ~.jt ; (TA ;) but the former is the more

common, (Msb,) and the latter is by some re-
jected, though correct accord, to IKtt and others;
(MF ;) and t ^\, (£,) inf. n. U/>; (TA ;)
as also 4*.j£, inf. n. j-Jjy ; (S, Mgh,» Mf b ;) in
which the j is a substitute for the . ; (Yaakoob,
Ms b ;) a form seldom used ; (Msb ;) He dated
the writing, or letter ; inscribed it with a date, or
note of the time when it was written. (S, Mgh,
Msb, ¥..) You say also, 1 J£» jtLj «ldCJI i..|
He inscribed the writing, or letter, with the date
of such a day. (S, L.) And iuJI IJi 2T« a<7^(i,
or mentioned the date of, the evidence, proof, or
voucher : in the contr. case saying, jiil. (Msb.)
Some say that i-jjU is an arabicized word, (L,
Msb,) borrowed by the Muslims from the people
of the Bible: [i. c., from the Jews or Christians;
app. from the Hebr. 1TV the " moon," or m"* "a
month;" or from the Chald. ny> "a month;"
as observed by Golius:] (L:) others say that it
is [pure] Arabic : (Msb, TA :) sonic, that it is

foi-med by transposition from ^-*.U. (TA.)

3 : sec 2.

*- ,i

«a.jt : sec what next follows.

. L ,

9-tj\3 inf. n. of 2. — Also, [as a subst, gene-
rally pronounced without »,] A date; an era; an
epoch ; (Msb ;) and t 4A.jl is a subst. [signifying
the same,] from ijl. (^.) S^JI L^U is The
era, or epoch, of the Emigration [or Flight (for
such it really was)] of Mohammad [from Mekkeh
to Kl-Medocnch], (L, Msb,) which his com-
panions, in the time of 'Omar, agreed to make
their era, commencing tho year from the first
ap[>oarance of the new moon of [the month] El-
Moharram, [two months before the Flight itself,]
and making the day to commence from sunset :
(Msb :) it is also called O^— •*' f-ij^ **• «"«»
or epoch, of the Muslims. (L.)_AIso Tho
utmost limit, term, or time, of anything : whence

t *' J t' % *M

tlie saying, mJ j_>jUi {j}± Such a one it the
person from whom date the nobility, or eminence,
and dominion, or authority, of his people. (Es-
Soolce, Mgh, TA.)__[ Also, A chronicle; a book
of annals; a history : pi. f~i^y, from ^-jjy.]

{.*-&* A chronicler; a writer of annah; a
historian.]

Book I.]

JJ

I —

t>»j'

3i

j,t and *j>l The -pine-tree ; syn. x^-aJI
(^ :) or this is called ▼ Sjjl, and j,l is the pi. :

•oft

(A 'Obeyd, S :) [or rather jjl is a coll. gen. n.,
and Sjjl is the n. un. :] or the male of that kind
of tree ; (AHn, K ;) as also * Sjjl ; (K ;) and
the author of the Minhaj adds, it is that which
doe* not produce fruit ; but pitch (w-ij) is ex-
tracted from its trunlts and roots, and its wood
is employed as a means of light, like as candles
are employed; and it grows not in the land of
the Arabs : A 'Obcyd says, ▼ Sjjl is the name
of a tree well known in Syria, called with us
jfyj0. because of its fruit : he says also, I have
seen this kind of tree, called Sjjl, and it is called in
111-' Irak f>y~o, but this last is the name of the fruit
of the jjl : (TA :) or i. q. jt-jc [a name given to
the cypress and to the juniper-tree]. (K.) It

is said in a trad., 8fr w » Jl " tjtfjft J— » ^>*- J ' J~*

fe».£ l%4 VU^JT o*£ J£» v?°>y J* [The
similitude of the. unbeliever is the similitude of
the pine-tree standing firmly upon the ground
until it is pulled up at once] : respecting which
A A and AO say that it is T Sjj^l, with fet-h to
the j ; meaning the tree called Ojj'i'' : " ut
A 'Obcyd thinks this to be u mistake, and that
it is t titty, with the j quiescent. (L.)
jjl : sec jjt : s and sec also jjl.

M

Sjjl: BOO jjl, in five places.

Sjjl The tree culled ^jjt [which is a hard kind,

from whirh stares are made] : (AA, S, K :)

sonic say that it is " Sjjl, of the measure iXftl* ;

but A'Obcyd disapproves of this. (TA.) Sec
• •s

also jjl.

jjl and *jjl and *jjl and *jjt (S, Msb, K)
and *jjl and * jjT (Kr, K) and jj (S, Msb, K) and
ii., (S, K,) the first of which is the form com-
monly obtaining among persons of distinction ; the
last but one, that commonly obtaining among the
vulgar; (TA ;) and the last, of the dial, of 'Abd-
El-Kcys; (S,TA;) [Mice;] a certain grain, (§,
K,) well known : (K :) [said in the TA to be a
species of jt ; but this is nn improper explanation :]
there are .several kinds; Kgyptian and Persian and
Indian ; and the best kind is the ^jJty*. [perhaps
a mistake for tJ>-»*, or Egyptian] : it is cold
and dry in the second degree ; or, as some say,
moderate ; or, as some say, hot in the first degree ;
and its hush is poisonous. (El-Minhaj, TA.)

P.)
S.J

sec jjl.

•jj

I : see Sjjl.

i,.t

W)

1. *A,t, (TA,) aor. *, (TK,) inf. n. Jtf,
(K,TA,) lie scratched with the nails, or lacerated,
him, [a man,] or it, [the skin, or (as in the TK)

the face,] little or muck, so as to bring blood
or not; syn. iiji.. (K, # TA.) [This significa-
tion is probably derived from ^ijl as syn. with
JLjU, in which sense it seems to be the inf. n.
of an obsolete verb.] h *iy», (TA,) inf. n. as
above, (K,TA,) lie gave him (K,»TA)Jthefine,
or mulct, for a wound. (TA.)_*>S>jl, inf. n.
as above, They sold the milk of their camels for
the water of his well. (Sgh.)a=uijl, like ^jz,
(Sgh,) inf. n. as above, (Sgh,K,) He sought
to obtain, or demanded, the fine, or mulct, for
a wound. Sgh, K.*)

2. j^i\ C*i uijl (?,L,Msb,) and 0*i»-;JI Oe*>
(TA,) inf. n. JjjU, (S, Msb,) He made mischief;
or excited disorder, disturbance, disagreement,
discord, dissension, strife, or quarrelling ; (S, L,
Msb, TA ;) between, or among, the people, or
company of men, (S, L, Msb,) and between the
two men: (TA :) accord, to some, its original

is JiJ»-. (Msb.) And jUI cAjt, inf. n. as

above, He kindled the fire ; or made it to burn :
(S,K:) and in like manner, v^ 11 t«W»'j or
the war. (S.)

8. jiii-Ci- a^j sj>j£" [written with the dis-
junctive alif J*ri]] Take thou from him the
fine, or mulct, for thy iil»i-, q. v. (K.) —
ai,UiJb ciiijt [7/c surrendered himself to pay
the fine, or mulct, for the injury tenncd iiU».,]
is like w*Ul£ I^JUiik (K.)

tjijl The making mischief; or exciting dis-
order, disturbance, disagreement, discord, dissen-

sion, strife, or quarrelling; [like tAij^ J 8Ce •»
and sec also 1 ;] syn. jCi [in the sense of >l~il ] ;
(Msb;) and JljAI. (K.) — Disagreement, dis-
cord, or dissension ; and contention, or altercation:

* at *>**' ...

you say, »jijt Uv~^ lietn'een them two zs dis-
agreement, &c. (K.) = A fine, or mulct, for
a. wound: (S, Mgh, Msb, K :) from the first
of the significations in this paragraph ; (Msb ;)
or from its being one of the causes of contention,
or altercation ; or, accord, to AM, from the same
word as inf. n. of uiji in the first of the senses
explained in this art. ; accord, to IF, originally

J£i: (TA:) pi. J^A. (Mgh, Msb.) Hence
the saying mentioned by IAar, (> y». ^jjjkZJt
iL-N)l S» J$ UjJ!c iU J-J^ Jf*^ [Wait thou
for me until tkou accept a fine for a wound in
lieu of retaliation ; for thou hast no compensation
for a wound to reccire from us except the spear-
heads] : meaning, thou shalt not slay a man for
whom we will ever give bloodwit. (L, TA.) —
What is diminished [of the price] by reason of
a deject in a garment or piece of clolk : as being
a cause of contention, or altercation. (K,* TA.)
_ What is payed [by way of adjustment of the
difference] between freedom from defect and
defect in an article of merchandise : (Kt, K :)
for when the purchaser of a garment or piece
of cloth as being free from defect discovers in it
a hole or other defect, contention ensues between
him and the seller. (TA.) — A bribe. (Aboo-
Nahshal, Sh, K.)

^jyU Scratched with the nails, or lacerated.

little or much, so at to bleed or not.
says,

47
Ru-beh

J » s ' 9 I ' ' *'"

• «

Then say thou to that man who is disquieted by
envy, and as though he were stung, Act tkou
gently, for [there is no scarf-shin scratched;
meaning,] my honour is uninjured, having in
it no defect nor scratch. (L,* TA.)

t>»j'

1. yij^l Osijl, (S, K, [in two copies of the
S C-ijI, but this is evidently a mistake,]) with
damm,'(S,) like >zJj£s, (K,) inf. n. Uljl, (S,
M, K,) The land became thriving, or productive ;
(S,K;) as also *o-e.jU-t ; (TA ;) it became
pleasing to the eye, and disposed by nature to
yield good produce ; (K, TA ;) it became fruitful,
and in good condition; (M;) it collected moisture,
and became luxuriant with herbage; it became
soft to tread upon, pleasant to sit upon, productive,
and good in its herbage or vegetation: (AHn:)
and J-JNI cJyt, (K,) aor. ' , (TA,) the land
became abundant in herbage, or pasture. (K.)
__ u i,j|, inf. n. i£ljl| is also snid of a man,
meaning t He was, or became, lowly, or sub-
missive, and naturally disposed to good, or to
do good. (L, TA,) = Jb})\ ^j\ He found the
land to be abundant in herbage, or pasture. (K.)
= iliij| cijl, (S,A,Msb,TA,) in the pass,
form, (Msb,) like [jf, (TA,) aor. ^jy>, (S,
TA,) inf. n. Ji% (S, A, TA,) widi sukoon [to
the j] ; (S, TA ;) and some add C—6jl, aor. u^j^.
inf. n. as above ; (TA ; [and so in a copy of
the S in the place of what here precedes ;])
The piece of wood was, or became, eaten by the
iijl, q. v. (S,A, Msb,TA.) = iu>)l c-6,1,
(S, M. K,) aor. - , (S,K.) inf. n. J,j\, (S, M,)
The ulcer, or sore, became blistered, (S, M, K,)
and wide, (M,) and corrupt (S, M, K) by reason
of thick purulent matter, (S,) and dissundcred ;
(M ;) so says As ; (TA ;) as also ▼ C— ojU-l.
(Sgh, K.) =s J,}, like {jf, (K,) inf. n. ^jl ;
(TA ;) or Jb } \, like %^>, aor. - , inf. n. ^jl ;
(L ;) He was, or became, affected witkj>\£sj [or
rheum]. (L, K.)

2. wfijl, (TK,) inf. n. J*>p, (K,) He depas-
tured the herbage of the earth, or land : and he

« t.
sought after it : (K :) or, accord, to some, ,>UjU

denotes this latter signification with respect to u
place of alighting, or abiding : (TA :) and you say
[also], Jj<il T \jbp he sought after, and chose,
the place for alighting, or abiding: (M, TA :)
and j£js * OyZfe J^->< <S"»j3 I W Ike tribe
seeking after a tract of country in which to
alight, or abide. (TA.) = //c, or it, rendered
heavy; [app. meaning slow, or sluggish; see 5;]
syn. JJL5. (Ibn-'Abbild, K.) — He made to
tarry; to tarry and wait, or expect; or to be
patient, and tarry, and wuit, or expect. (Ibn-
'Abbad, K.)

48

4. »>jl, inf. n. ,>!*): see 5. = lji J£\ U
O^JI -Wow abundant is the herbage (,_,,-■*/) o/
Oil ji&ice/ or, as some say, ^J^J) »Jji ^Jfu
i/ow W, or soft, and productive, and good, is
this land! (L^A?n.) — iijT, (S, £, [in the
C£, incorrectly, *J>j\,]) inf. n. as above, (S,)
He (God) caMMd /«'»» to be affected with jA£>\
[w rheum], (S,I£.)

5. ijojO It (herbage) became in such a state
that it might be cut. (S,K.)b«/£j clave, or
kept, Jo the ground, not quitting it : (A :) and

c»jl» inf. n. ^iljjl, he remained upon the
ground : and jt£j^ ^K he remained fixed in
the place, not quitting it : or he waited, or ex-
pected, and stood upon the ground: and, as also
(jtx^JL, t ^ijU-1, lie remained, and tarried, or
tarried in expectation, in the place : or he remained
fixed therein: (TA :) and ^Jt alone, he tarried,
loitered, stayed, waited, or paused in expectation :
(§» TA :) and he was, or became, heavy, slow, or
tluggish, inclining, or propcnding, to the ground;
(§>K0 ["» &1 8 ° * c*»jl^l, accord, to IB's expla-
nation of its act. part, n.] You say, Jj h hi*

'•'It \*'X' 'i'f *.- '»fe »-»- •
w->*l U*k* v 1 -' Ol^ t>jU UjOm [S«f/« a

one, if lie tee food, cleaves, or keeps, to the
ground, not quitting it ; and if he obtain food,
turns away: or ^ijtf may hcre.be rendered
agreeably with the explanation next following].
(A, TA.)..^ J,% jyi ,^ (s, £,• TA)
Such a one came ashing, or petitioning, for a
thing that he wanted, to me ; syn. iftMt^, and
^j** • (?, K> TA ;) and cj-ii is also a syn. of
c*»jU, used in this manner. (TA.)™Sce also 2,
in two places.

the j as it was ; (S ;) but they also said £)**$>
(AZ, AHn,S,) sometimes, making the j quiescent;
(S ;) and c^jjl (AZ, AHn, Msb, K) is sometimes
used as a pi., as in the saying .-^ e^jjl ji&' U
O"^* [ifow wwwy are the lands of the sons of

such a one.']; (TA ;) and another [and very
common] pi. is [u6\j\, with the article written]
lf*t}% contr. to rule, (S, Msb, K,) as though
they had formed a pi. from JL'j; (S;) thus
written in all the copies of the S ; [accord, to SM ;
but in one copy of the S, I find U>1jll ^„ r Jffik;

10 : sec 5, in two places. ,

£>ilXwl

t^»J

The clouds expanded, or spread : or, as some say,
became fixed, or stationary. (M, TA.)«See
also 1, first signification := and see 1 again, last
signification but one.

tat

*jb/$\ [The earth;] t/iat whereon are mankind:
(TA :) [and earth, as opposed to heaven : and the
ground, as meaning the surface of the earth, on
which we tread and sit and lie ; and the floor :
without Jt signifying a land, or country: and
a piece of land or ground: and land, or soil, or
ground, considered in relation to its quality .] it is
fern. : (S, A, Ms b, £ :) and is a coll. gen. n. ; (S,
A, I£ ;) of which the n. un. should be lijf, but
this they did not say : (S .) or a pi. having no
sing. ; (A, $ ;) for ajyl has not been heard :
($ :) its pi. is OUJI, (S, $,) in [some of] the
copies of the If. OUjI, (TA,) for they sometimes
form the pi. of a word which has not the fem. S
with 1 and O, as in the instance of oCj*; (S;)
and 0**/> [which is more common,] (AZ, AHn,
S, Mgh, Msb, ¥.,) with fct-h to the Jt (AZ, AHn,
Mgh, Msb,) and with ^ and ,j, though a fem.
has not its pi. formed [regularly] with j and ^
unless it is of the defective kind, like iJ and alb,
but they have made the j and ^ [in this instance]
a substitute for the I and O which they have
elided [from oLe,l], and have left the fet-hah of

and in another, U>jl ;] and in one copy [is added],
" thus it is found in his [J's] handwriting ;" but
IB says that correctly he should have said . -i.'f,
like ^jl ; for as to ^ej\, its regular pi. would
be u»j'jl ; and [SM says] I have found it
observed in a marginal note to the S that the pi.

of t^Syl would be u*jtl, like as Jjl£>f is pi. of
• i» t « - r

v^J^I ; and wherefore did he not say that ly-ilj'i)!

is a pi. of an unused sing., like JU and JUI, so

that it is as though it were pi. of SUijl, 'like as

JU is pi. of S'iU ? yet if any one should propose

the plea that it may be formed by transposition

from 4>>jll, he would not say what is improbable ;

its measure being in this case .JUlct ; the word

^ing yjo Ijl, and the . being changed into ,j •

(TA:) accord, to Abu-l-KhatJub, (S,) ^,\j\ is

also a pi. of J£j\, (S, K,) like as JU? is a pi. of

JaI ; (S ;) but IB says that, in the opinion of

the critics, the truth with respect to what is

related on the authority of Abu-1-Kliattab is, that

from ^jt and J*l arc formed ^tjl and JUI, as

though they were pis. of iUitl and rlil ;'like as

they said iU and JU, as though this were pi. of
• '•* « * > * * %

»"iU. (TA.) It is said in proverbs, ,>• *^m-\

>t » »-

^j*^l [ilfbre comprehensive than the earth] :

(TA:) and ufj^ \J+ v>»l [More trustworthy
than the earth, in which treasures are securely
buried] : and ^j^l ^ jJil [Harder than the
earth, or ground] : (A, TA :) and yij^l ,>• Jit
[More vile, or wore submissive, than the earth, or
ground]. (TA.) And you say, c~t4 ^Usl ^»
Uojl «) J [H7io*o obeyeth me, I will be to him as
ground whereon one treads] ; denoting submissive-
ness. (A, TA.) And Jkfi J^ J[ tf$j t [Such
one, if he be beaten, is like ground] ; i. e. he cares
not for beating. (A, TA.) One says also, ^jf ^
JU [Mayest thou have no land, or country ! or

[Book t

plants : (M in art. j-* :) and the places which are
concealed from the pastor. (S in that art.) Also
The pool that is left by a torrent : (T in art. ^ :)
and yij**)! ol^> pools in which are remains of
water: (IAar in TA art. j^:) and rivulets. (T
m art. (J ^.)_ l> ^, J | is also used to signify iA
carpet; or anything that is spread: and in this
sense, in poetry, it is sometimes made masc.
(Msb.) — And t Anything that is low. (S, $.)
And J The lower, or lowest, part of the legs of a
horse or the like : (S, £ :) or the legs of a camel
or of a horse or the like : and the part that is
next to the ground thereof. (TA.) You say
W* J^' «*i J- je^t I A camel strong in the legs.
(TA.) And 4il^,j *f jt J4J U Jl^ Jji j A

horse that is large and tall. (A, TA.) Also,

of a man, J The knees and what is beneath, or

below, (lit. after,) them. (TA.) And of a

sandal, t [The lower surface of the sole;] the
part that touches the ground. (TA.) = A febrile
shivering; a tremor: (S,K:) or vertigo: or it
signifies also vertigo arising from a relaxed state,
and occasioning a defiuxionfrom the nose and eyes.
(TA.) I 'Ab is related to have said, on the occa-
sion of an earthquake, J,jl ^ Jll J,y$\ cJ^
(S,) i. c. [Hath the earth been made to quake, or
is there in me] a tremor ? or a vertigo ? (T A.)
[t^o)"i)t J*t signifies A certain class of the jinn,
or genii; by whom human beings are believed to
be possessed, and affected by an involuntary tre-
mor ; whence it seems that this appellation may
perhaps be from ^jl as signifying " a tremor."
See i^ijjU : and see J-»., as explained in the S.]
— Also llheum; syn. jt\£sj: (S, K:) in this
sense masc. : or, accord, to Kr, fern., on the

(TA.) = Sec also

authority of Ibn-Alunar
• A.

• -« « , ,t

u±j\ : see JLij\.

.»<

I : sec what next follows.

thou hast no land, or country]; like as one says,

-stijli (S, Is.) — [And hence,] ^1 ^f^

He is a stranger, (A, K, TA,) of whom neither

father nor mother is knoion. (TA.) ^ih\ {J>\

[with the art. Jt prefixed to the latter word] is A

certain plant, (AHn, K,) which comes forth upon

the summits of the [kills called] j>\£s\, having a

stem (J-«l), but not growing tall, (AHn,) which

resembles hair, and is eaten, (AHn, K.,) and

quickly dries up; (AHn;) a species of jL, as

ti j i tt i

also ^j^l c~^ : (8 in art ^ :) and ^j^l o£

i-jjl of herbage, What suffices the camels, or
other pasturing animals, for a year : (IAar,
AHn, M :) or abundant herbage or pasture; as
also ♦ iojl and t ££jl, (K.)

I "'

irf>jt [The wood-fretter ;] a certain insect that

eats wood, (S, A, Msb, K,) well known ; (A, If ;)
it is a white worm, resembling the ant, appearing
in the days of the [season called] iwj: (TA :)
there are two kinds : one hind is small, like the
large of the ji [or grubs of ants] ; and this is the
bane of wood in particular : (AHn, TA :) or this
hind is the bane of wood and of other things, and
is a white worm with a blark head, not having
wings, and it penetrates into the earth, and builds
for itself a habitation of clay, or soil; and this
Is said to be that which ate tke staff of Solomon
[as is related in the Kur xxxiv. 13, where it is
called yij^l £\}, as is said in the A] : (TA :) the
other kind [it tke termite, or white ant; termes
fatale of Linn. ; called by Forskftl (in his Dcscr.
Animalium &c, p. 90,) termes arda, destructor ;
and this] is like a large common ant, having wings;
it is the bane of everything that is of wood, and
of plants; except that it does not attack what is
moist, or succulent; and it hat legs: (AHn, TA:)

Book I.]

the pi. is t Jzj\ (AHn, Msb, TA) and Olijl ;

(Mfb;) or, as some [more properly] say, ^jl is
a quasi-pl. [or coll. gen.] n. (AHn, TA.) It
is said in a prov., i^-y^t ±y» J^l [More con-
suming than the wood-fretter, or the termite].
(TA.) And in nnothcr, <uoj*^t ^y» j — >1 [More
marring, or injuring, or destructive, than the
wood-fretter, or i7tc termite.] (A, TA.)

■ • f « t

<ui,l : sec tAjjI.

• ~ « -»

A^jt : sec <uo<l.

uo}j\ '■ sec i^ijjl.

• t <ji f * f ••'

(jajjt part. n. of uJyt. — You say <LoJjt ^jl

(S, A, K) and ♦ Lojl (TA) /,«/»/ that is thriving,
or productive; (S, A, K ;) pleasing to the eye;
(AA, S, A, K. ;) uwi disposed by nature to yield
good produce : (A, K, TA :) or fruitful ; in-
creasing in plants or herbage : (IAnr:) or level,
or soft : (ISli :) or that collects moisture, and
becomes luxuriant with herbage ; that is soft to
tread upon, pleasant to sit upon, productive, and
good in its herbage or vegetation : (AHn :) it
also signifies a wide land; syn. djajjc : (TA :)
and 1/0 lj I [as pi. of ^iuj\] is syn. with i/aU*
and ptrfj ; (AA, K, TA ;) as though the • were
n substitute for the t. (T A.) _ ,_^l; jl is also
an imitative sequent to ^jiujc; (S,K;) as in
the phrase u*vj\ ^ijs- !,«£ [A very wiile thing'] :
(S:) or it signifies/}//, sis an epithet: (K:) some
list; it in this sense without ueujZ, applied to a kid.
(S.) And you say, i-ojjl i-euj.e. i\y*\ [A very wide,
or wide and fat, mmurn ; or, as seems to l»c indi-
cated in the TA in art. ^jojt-, prolific and perfect] ;
and in like manner, ♦ tejy». (TA.) You say
also ^jt j^-j, (S,) and J£Sl * ,J>3jK (A,)
A man lowly, or submissive ; (S ;) naturally
disposed to good, or to do good. (S, A.) And

I I « ' 4 1/ ■:

«>u,1 »-<l^ ^jj : sec Jfl^lj.

*4 jirr°^ y"> -He is the most adapted, meet,
suited, fitted, or fit, of them, for it; or Most
worthy of them of it. (K.) And O'^v-^j'^*
•iDi J««*i Jle if the most adapted, &c, or most

worthy, of them to do that. (As, S.)

• » • j « (

2uojy» : sec i_^ujl.

\jbs£* Wood eaten by the i^yl [or wood-
fretter, or termite, but generally meaning the
former] ; (S, A, Msb, 1£ ;) as also • J±j\. (TA.)
= A person affected with jl*. [q. v.] from the
'inn, or genii, ami [what are called] uoj"$\ jl\,
(S, K,) i. c. (so accord, to the § and TA, but
in the K "and") he who moves about his head

and body involuntarily. (S, K.) A person

affected with jt\£>j [or rheum] : (S, K :) nccord.
t0 ?gh> [ w '»° seems, like J, not to have known

u*j'»] »*° m *■"»)• » (?gh, TA ;) whereas by rule,
[if from <U9jt,] it should be u^jy*- (TA.)

* \'-' ' *i 1 ■ t " fi* * !• "

^jL—o ^U— s, and 4-i,U_^<i <UJ3, .4 young

palm-tree, and a *wjo// young palm-tree, having a
root in the ground: such as grows forth from
the trunk of the mothcr-treo is called ^-£>(j.
Bk. I.

,^0,1 — wijt

i to

(S, K.) i_vjU— e also signifies Heavy, slow, or

sluggish, inclining, or propending, to the ground.
(IB.)

1. [The unaugmented verb from this root seems

to be unknown, if it were ever in use, for it is

• A,
not mentioned, though the pass. part, n., J>j)jU,

is mentioned as having three significations, which

see below.]

2 : see 4.

4. ,^0,^l wJ»jl, (AHcyth,K,) of the measure
cJLwl, [originally] with two alifs, (TA,) [aor.
bjyi, inf. n. •tj/ij,] The land produced the kind of

trees called .Jkjt [or ,_«i»jl] ; (AHcylh, K ;) as

it " • ...

also cJ>jl, inf. n. JUsjt ; or this is a corruption,

attributable to J : so says the author of the K,
following Allcyth: but it is no corruption, for
it is mentioned by the authors on verbs and by
ISd and others; (MF, TA;) for instance, by
AHn, in bis book on plants, and by IF, in
the Mj : (TA :) [and J mentions it in its proper
place, in art. ,J»i, as well as in the present art. :]
♦ wJ»jt, "with the j musheddedeh, has also been
found in the handwriting of certain of the men
of letters ; but litis is a conniption. (K.)

ijl A colour like that of the { J»j\ [or (jl*)!].
(?gh,S0

j-Ljl, (Mbr, S, K,) of the measure ^jlii,

4 »tr « I

because you say fe^jU j*t)\, [explained below,]
(Mbr,S,) the alif (Mbr,S,K) ending it (Mbr)
[written ^j] being a letter of quasi-coordination,
(S, K,) not to denote the fcm. gender, (Mbr, S,)

its n. un. being SUajl, (Mbr, S, K,) wherefore
it is with tenween when indeterminate, but not
when determinate : (S, ]£ :) or it is of the
measure >j*i\, (Mbr,*S,) the last letter being

t I * • E

radical, (Ml>r,) because j-ou say ^Joj* j*>}\,
(Mbr, S,) and in this case it should be mentioned
among words with an infirm letter [for the last
radical], and is with tenween both when determi-
nate and when indeterminate ; (S ;) [but this
is a mistake, for when it is determinate, it can
be with tenween only if used as a proper name ;
therefore,] IB observes, that if you make its
last letter radical, its measure is J*»l, and a word
of this measure, if a subst., is imperfectly decl.
when determinate, but perfectly decl. when in-
determinate : (TA :) [the author of the I£ copies
the error of the S, saying, " or its alif is radical,"
(meaning its last letter,) " and in this case it is
always with tenween ;" and he adds, " or," (for
which he should have said " and,") its measure
is Jj»#t : to all which it is necessary to add,
that some of the grammarians hold it to be also
of the measure ,Jlii, ending with a fern, alif,
and therefore assign to it no n. un N :] A kind of
tree, (S, K,) of those growing in sands, (S, TA,)
resembling the kind called »Uic, growing as a
branch [in the TA L-o*, for which I read \i nr ,]
from, a single stem, to the height of the stature
of a man, the leaves whereof are what are termed
wjjjk [q. v., and are included among those termed

49

isoj*.], (AHn, TA,) and its flowir is like that
of the t_£^U» [or salix agyptia], (Aljln, ]£,) save
in being smaller, the colour being one; and the
odour thereof is pleasant : it grows in sands, and
therefore the poets make frequent mention of the
wild bulls' and cows' taking refuge among this
and other trees of the sands, burrowing at their
roots to hide themselves there, and to protect
themselves from, the heat and cold and rain, but
not among the trees in liard ground, for burrowing
in the sand is easy: (AHn, TA:) its fruit is

like the ^>U» [or jujube], bitter, and is eaten by
camels in its fresh moist state, and its roots are
red, (AHn, K,) intensely red : (AHn, TA :)
AHn adds, a man of the Bcnoo-Asad infonncd
me, that the leaves (<-*•**) of the ^^j' arc red
like the red pomegranate : its fruit also is red :
(TA :) the dual is oWV : (AHn, TA :) and the
pi. ItQa'S and .Jbtjf and Wjt, (AHn, $,) in
the siccus, case /J»\j\. (TA.)

1 * »« »

2 »t } 8CC what next follows.

i<yU A hide tanned with ^^j' ; (?>K;) i. c.
with the leaves thereof; (S in art. ^jlsj ;) as also

tj,^; ( TA «"* 80 V>^' (90 — a
camel having a complaint from eating .Jsjl :
(L,K :*) and a camel tliat eats l _ J i»jl, (AZ, S, ]£,)
and keeps to it ; (K ;) as also*^5^J»jl (AZ, S, K.)
and t ^U,jl. (Ibn-'Abbad, Sgh, L, £.)

i^jy* : see what next precedes.

2. Vji.1, (T, M,Mgh,) namely jl jJI, and ,>j%
• t*
(T, M,) inf. n. oyjtf, (T,) He set, or put, limits,
' ^|

or boundaries, [<Jjjt,] to it; (M,Mgh;) and
marked it out: (Mgh:) or lie divided it; and
set, or put, limits, or boundaries, to it : (T :)
namely the house, and the land. (T, M.) And
JO) ^ J}, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or ,>#| ^,
inf. n. as above, (K,) The property, (S, Mgh,
Msb,) or the land, (!£,) had limits, or boundaries,
set, or put, to it, (S, Msb, JC,) ° r around it ;
(Mgh ;) and was divided. (K.) When this is
done, it is said that there is no SjuJj [or light of
preemption] with respect to the property. (S,

Mgh, Msb.) — vJujU also signifies The tying a
rope, or cord, so as to form a knot or knots. (I£.)

j+a i-jjl ^yU <ul I. q. J>»~» «ij>1 [Verily he is
of a glorious origin, race, or stock] : mentioned
by Ystakoob as an instance of a change of letters.
(M.)

iij\ A limit, or boundary, (As, T, S, M, Mgh,
Msb, I£,) making a separation (Msb) between
two pieces of land; (Msb, 1^;) a sign, or mark,
(As, T, §, Mgh,) of the limits, or boundari<s,
between two pieces of land : (S :) and a separation
between houses and estates : (M :) and a dam
between two pieces of land sown or for sowing :
(Th, M :) Yaakoob asserts that its o is a substitute

for the «1> of SjjI [which is, however, less com-

7

00

mon] : (M :) the pi. is Jj», (T, S, M, ke.,)

signifying, accord, to Lb, like ijl, limits, or
boundaries, between two pieces of land [&c.]; (T;)

and it is said in a trad., that these cut off falSl
[i. e. the right of preemption] ; (T, S, Mgh ;)
meaning, in the language of the people of El-
Hij&z, signs, or marks, and limits, or boundaries.

(T.) Th relates that an Arab woman said, J*».

*****»! ^ 4»j» ^y^ai ^^p, i. e. ifcfy husband set
me a sign, or mark, [or /tmu,] beyond which I
should not pass. (M.) And ^1 iijl signifies
.An exrreww Ifattt o/" a period of existence. (TA,
from a trad.) __ Also A knot. (Sgh, K.)

f *<

^jl A measurer of land, (K,» TA,) mho

marks it with limits, or boundaries. (TA.)

\J>$y* >» -Zi"<e Aa* Am limit, or boundary, next
to mine, in dwelling, and in place : (K :) a phrase
likc^^uiyi. (TA.)

1. J^l, aor. -, inf. n. jjl, (T,S,K,&c.,) JTe
nw* sleepless, or wakeful, or *fe«p departed from
him, (JK, T,) 6y %A< ; (T ;) t. q. jyL (S, Mgh,
Sgh, K) j3>W ; (Sgh, K ;) or ». q. J^l : (S, and
L and K in art. j^a :) or sleep departed from him
by reason of a malady, or a distracting accident or
event : (M :) or he was sleepless or wakeful (jy*)
in a case that was disliked, or evil ; j^L having a
general sense: (M, F:) or he shut his eyes one
while and opened tliem another, [being unable to
continue sleeping,] whereas j^* signifies he did
not sleep at all : (Dee wan of the Hudhalees, cited
by Freytng in his Lex. :) orjijl signifies sleepless-
ness, or wakefulness, engendered by anxiety and
grief: (Har p. 1G2 :) and * J^Ul [with the dis-
junctive alif written Jj^jl] signifies the same as

»j|il (?,£.)— iliil cJ v < [and £J» j)] The
palm-tree [and the seed-produce] was affected, or
smitten, by what is termed \J$j\. (JK.)

8. \J£» ^Jjl, (JK,S,K,«) inf. n. jjt, (S,
Mg n >) Such a thing rendered me, or caused me to
be, sleepless or wakeful ; (JK, S, Mgh,» K ;•) as
also t ^T, (K,) inf. n. j£l. (TA.)

4 : see 2.

8: seel.

• »« • •<<

Jjl : see £pSj\.

Ojl : see what next follows.

ty Sleepless or wakeful (S, K) ty nt^At (K)
[fcy m/«w of a malady, or a distracting accident
or erenr, &c. (see 1)] ; as also t jji" (IF, K) and

• W # "'

▼ ^jl and v jj| j or the last signifies habitually

so. (TA.)

Jjl : see what next precedes.

0«jl (JK, S, K) and o^j' and ,j«Jl and i^tfj
and o«jJ and^ ? jM and t J|j| (K) i. q. l$^ ;
(J K, S, K ;) ^Ujl being a dial. var. of this last ;
(S ;) or the hemzch is a substitute for the ^ ;
(Lj) and &&# is die word most commonly

known ; (K ;) A blight, or disease, which affects,
or smites, seed-produce : (J K, S,K :) and a disease
[namely jaundice] which affects, or smites, man,
(S, K,) causing the person to become yellow [or
blackish] ; (TA ;) it is a disease which changes
the colour of the person excessively to yellowness
or blackness, by the flowing of the yellow or black
humour to the skin and the part next thereto,
without putridity. (Ibn-Seena [Avicenna], K.)

Jljl : see (jl*)'-

*.' * *

,Jjl : see Jjl.

* »t, ■##
WiF* liJ Seed-produce affected, or smitten,

with a blight, or disease, (JK, S, K,) such as in

termed O^j'j (JK,S;) as also J^^~» [from^li^]:

•- it* •* • «
(S, K :) and aijjU JU U LJ a palm-tree affected, or

smitten, therewith. (JK, TA.)

jU

1. Jy^l Cxi»jl, aor. i and T , inf. n. iljjl, 7%c
camels fed upon the kind of tree called iMjl : (S,
Msb, K :) or remained, or continued, among trees
of that kind, (ISk, §, K,) i. e., what are termed
lA**-, (ISk, S,) eating them : (K :) or found,
or lighted on, any trees whatever, and remained,
or continued, among them : (K :) or, accord, to
As, kept in a place (o^w)t *0t removing there-
from : (ISk, S :) or remained, or continued, in a
place for tfte purpose of feeding upon the j)\j\ :
and hence the signification next following, which
is tropical. (Er-Raghib.) — J^\ >$, (S,Msb,
K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Msb, TA,) J lie
(a man, S) remained, continued, or abode, in the
place, (S, Msb,K,) not quitting it; (TA;) as

also iljl, aor. '-, (K,) inf. n. j)Jt. (TA.) And

Jjt, (K,) inf. n. ijl and Jjjl, (TA,) \ He per-
sxsted, or persevered, syn. -J, (K,) i. e. j-ol,
(T, K,) in an affair. (T, K.) _ And, (K,) inf. n.
Jujl, (TA,) f -He AcW JocA, or drew 6acA,
CjJs,) in an affair. ^(K.) =0 J^l jjl, (K,)
aor. i , (TA,) inf. n. jjl, (K,) 2T«/ed <A« camefe,
or made them to feed, upon the kind of tree called
j)\y : or made them to remain, or continue, among
trees of that kind : or brought them to any trees
whatever, and made them to remain, or continue,
among them. (K.) __ tiie. \j'yr}\ J)j\, (L, K,)

inf. n. Jjjl, so in the L, (TA,) f He com-
pelled hint, or constrained him, to do tfte thing,
or affair ; or made him to keep, or cleave, to it.
(L,K.)— sj/^l cA,f, aor.-, (S, K,) inf. n.

i»j« ; (S ;) and wi»j1, aor. ^ ; and C-i»^l ; (K ;)
The camels had a complaint, or suffered pain, (S,
K,) of, or mi, <A«ir bellies, (S,) /rom ea<t'»(7 <A e
Jljf. (S,K.)

2. V&jt, inf. n. ^bjU, JTe concealed her
(namery a woman, TA) by means of an 26L>j\, q. v.
(K.)

8. j)jZj\ [written with the disjunctive alif iJ^Jl]
It (the kind of tree called Jtjl) became firm,
strong, or compact, and big : (O, K :) or attained

[Book I.

to maturity : (K :) or became tangled, or luxu-
riant, and abundant. (TA.)

Jljl : see Jljl. _ i)jl ii ^JLt Herbage in which
the camels remain, or continue. (Ibn-'Abbad, K.)

*»1 Jljl Abundant, and tangled, or luxuriant,
trees of the kind called l)\j\ ; (K, TA ; [in the
CK J;T, but said in tlie TA to be like Job ;])
as also t Jjjji. (K.) — i£>jl ,>jl Zand aftoti/id-
i'n/7 with the kind of trees called jJl.l. (K0_
i&jl JvJ and ^^tjl, [the latter being the pi.,]
Camels having a complaint, or suffering pain, (S,
K,) of, or t'», their bellies, (S,) //w» eating the
Jljl. (S,K.)

• '( » -

Jtjl The [AtW of trees termed] ^a**. ; (AHn,

K ;) as also f jjl : (Ibn-'Abbad, K :) and (K)
certain trees of the kind termed g^i-- , (T, S,
Msb, K,) well known, bearing what resemble
bunches of grapes, (T, TA,) and of which stick*
for cleaning the teeth are made, (AHn, Aboo-
Ziyad, Msb, K,) that is, of its branches, (AHn,
Aboo-Ziyad, Msb,) and of its roots, which latter
are more esteemed for this purpose : (Aboo-Ziyad :)
it is the best of the trees of which the branches are
used for this purpose, and the best of those upon
which beasts feed with respect to the odour of the
milk [yielded by those beasts] : (AHn :) or one of
the large thorny trees, upon which camels feed :
the milk of [the camels that feed upon] it is tlie
best of milk: audit is not allowable to prohibit
the public from feeding their beasts upon it :
(Mgh :) or a kind of tall, smooth, or soft, tree,
abounding with leaves and branches, the wood of
which is weak, and which has a fruit in bunches,
or racemes, called ^j^j, one [bunch] of which will
fill tlie hand: (Msb :) n. un. with i : (S, Msb :)
pi. (of the n. un., T) jjl (T, K) and jbljl, (IB,
K,) which is a form sometimes used, and is also
pi. of tlie n. un. (IB.) — A piece of land (K,
TA) in which are trees of the kind thus called.
(TA.)

• t

«ibjl : see the end of the next paragraph.

i£^\ A raised couch (xr-0 "» • ***»»■» (K,
and Jel in xviii. 30,) which is a tent, «r pavilion,
or chamber, (w^,) ailorned with cloths and cur-
tains, [or a hind of curtained canopy or alcove or
the like,] for a bride ; (Jel ubi supra ;) a raised
couch ( Xt") tn a *^*-> a "<! leaving before it a
curtain ; when alone, not thus called : (TA :) or
a bed, or thing spread upon the ground to sit or
lie upon, in a SX tLm. : (Zj, TA :) or a raised
couch (jjj~i), absolutely, whether in a 3l ^ r- or
not: (TA:) or [in the CK "and"] anything
upon which one reclines such as is termed jtymi or
<J.ivU or iJAji : (K, TA :) or [in some copies of
the K "and"] a raised couch (jij->) ornament-
ally furnished and decorated, in a [tent, or pavi-
lion, or the like, such as is termed] <L>, or in a
cliamber, or an apartment, (c~j, [or by this may
he meant here a lent of any kind, though I think
that in this instance it more probably denotes an
inner ajrartment, or an alcove,]) which, when
there is not in it a jij-; is termed 3XL». : (S,
Sgh, K :) accord, to Er-Rughib, so named because

Book I.]

originally made of [the wood of] the iMjl; or
because it is a place of abode ; from pl£«)W -^j 1
« he abode in the place :" (TA :) pi. iUtjt (8, K)
and [coll. gen. n.] * &{$• (K.)

«a '( « , ...

aAIjI JjI : see what next follows.

*■*>' Jv' Camels feeding upon the hind of
tree called Jljl ; (S, Mb b ;) as also ♦ %£>\j\ :
(K:) or remaining, or continuing, among trees
of that hind, i. e., what are termed u *++ " '• ° r
keeping in a place, not removing therefrom : (S :)

pL J)j\j\. (S, Msb.) Their milk is said to be

the best of milk. (TA.)

» I * j ••'

fj^s/yt j>£ A people, or company of men,

alighting and abiding by trees of the hind called
jJtjt, (K,) feeding their camels upon those trees.
(AHn,K.»)

J/Jj* Jljl : Bcc Jhl

1. iijt, (S, Har p. 90,) aor. ; , inf. n. j$, (S,)
He took away, or removed, its <Ujjl, or ,^1 :
(Har ubi suprii:) [he extirpated it ; eradicated
it:] he ate it. (S.) You say, ^Jjl i»JtL)1 C-»o,l,
nor. as nl>ovc, 77*e pasturing beasts consumed,

or »««f/e an cna" of, the pasturage, not leaving

- ..i
of it anything. (AHn, M.) And Ly U U j> } \

£UriJ1, (T,) or ej^Ol, (Th,M,K,) aor. as above,
(M,) 7/c arc ro/ia* was on the table, (Th, T, M,
K,) not leaving anything. (K.) And Ai-Jl^^y^jl,
(Alleyth, T, M, K,) nor. £ , (so in the T, as on
the authority of AHcyth,) inf. n. as above, (M,)
The year of dearth, or drought, or sterility, ex-
tirpated them; (T;) or devoured them; (AHcyth,
T ;) or cut them off. (M, K.) And i!j| cuV,!
U1 y>\j The year of dearth, or drought, or sterility,
devoured everything [of our property or cattle],
(S.) And C#«JI t^'j'il' Ouijl The earth consumed
the dead body. (T.) = JUM J»jf, aor. '- , The
property, or cattle, ]>crished, or enwte to nought.
(TA.)

«• «»

„jj: scoxjl.

• * - « » - t »•«

>jl [part. n. of>pjl]. You sny JUjI yiyi, mean-
ing /y</«rZ «;»«« which rain has not fallen for
a long time : (T :) or /«/»</ which does not give
growth to anything. (TA.) [Not to be con-
founded with &»jl, <j. v.] = See also what next
follows.

jljl (T, S, M, K) and *Jjt, (M, K,) like Jfcfe,

90 ft „

(K,) or *>»jl , (so in a copy of the M,) and ▼" ,-4jl

and t ^jt, (M,K,) from Lb, (TA,) or t VJ,

from Lh, (so in a copy of the M,) and t ^.| (

from Lh, (TA,) and iJ £ t , (M,K,) from Lh,

S •*(
(TA,) and ^^1, (T, K,) .4 *?*/«, or mark, set

up to show the way ; (M, K ;) stones set up as

a sign, or mark, to shorn the may in the desert :

(S:) or particularly one belonging to [the tribe

of] 'Ad : (M, K :) accord, to ISh, the »Jl is [a

thing] like a man in a standing posture upon the

head of a kill, whereby one is directed to the right
way, and whereby the land is marked, composed
of stones set one upon anotlier, and is only the
work of the Muslims, and such is made by people
in the present day, upon the road : (T :) or such
as was made by the people in the time of ignorance,
who were accustomed, when they found a thing
in tkeir way and could not take it with them,
to leave upon it some stones, whereby to know
it, until, when they returned, they took it : (TA :)

the pi. [of pauc] is _>»1jl and [of mult.] >»}jl :'

(ISh, T, S, M, K :) or >ojjl signifies the graves,
or sepulchres, of [the tribe of] 'Ad. (M,K.) =
[>jl in the phrase jU*M oli >jl (see art. jk*p)
is a proper name ; but whether of a place, or a
tribe, or an individual, is disputed: it is com-
monly believed to be the name of The terres-
trial paradise of Shedddd the son of 'Ad: see
Bd lxxxix. C]

iUjI ^oj\ Land in which there is not a root,

or stock, of a tree ; as though it were * i«jjU [or
extirpated] : (O :) or land in which neitlier root

nor branch is left ; as also ▼ i*j>jU. (M, K.)

2 •» 3 • 3 ,t 3 - *,

^jl and ^jl and ^.jt and ^jl : see >>jt.

• it

>jyl : see what next follows.

l^jl (T, M, K) and Ujrf, (M, K,) the latter
of the dial, of Tcmcem, (TA,) or this is not
allowable, (T,) or *jtjj\, (S,) or this is the pi.,
(M, K,) [or a coll. gen. n.,] The root, or base, or
lowest part, syn. Jl*1, (T, S, M, K,) of a tree
(T, S) of any kind ; (T ;) and of a horn : (S :)
or, of a tree, [or plant, the root-stock, or rkizoma,
or] the part from which branch off the Jj^e [or
roots properly so called], (EL in art. Jj*. [See
an instance of its use voce 3La» ; another, voce
vi^.; and another, voce jj»..])__ And [hence,]
t The origin, or stock, of a man : (TA :) J The
origin of v ■- [or grounds of pretension to
respect or honour, &c.]. (Har p. 99.)

i»,l i—/ (S, K, TA [in the CK, erroneously,
<Ujt]) An extirpating year of dearth or drought
or sterility : (S :) or a year of dearth &c. cutting
off people. (K.)

&*£jU ^oj\ : see iUjt, in two places.

L&l

m *t *9* j5 i

L Viy^ i/\ jJl Ojl, (M, K;,) and lyiU«, [aor.
t. • »« '

(jjjU,] inf. n. jj-jl, (M,) 7%« 6e<M< A«p< <o tte

^/ace w/<ere it was tied, (M, K,) and to its man-
ger. (M.) — a^lil ^'l i^lill ojl, (K,) aor.
as above, (S,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) The
beast joined itself, or became joined, to the beast,
and kept with it to one manger. (S, ]£.)

2. a/jJJ sL?j, (S, M, Kl,) and iCbJI, (M,K,)
inf n. a^jU, (S, M, K,) I made for the beast an
\J$ fq- ▼•]» (?,* M,) or an 3^1. (Kl : [in the
CK 4_>jt ; but this and <L;I are probably mistakes
of copyists.]) — j^jlll ^j|, inf. n. as above, He
rendered the thing permanent, or steadfast ; con-
firmed it; established it. (M,K.) Hence, in

01

a trad., ^y--y U jl >n JOI, l. e. C Croa, max* p«r-
manent, or confirm, or establish, what is between
them, of love, or affection ; said in praying for
a man and his wife. (M,TA.) Mohammad is
also related to have said, with this intention,

-■ i * 9* *$ Aim*

\^ t i t fj\^ii\, meaning O Ood, render permanent,
or confirm, the union, or concord, or love, of them
two ; (A 'Obeyd, TA ;) or cause union to subsist,
and render permanent, or confirm, love, or affec-

tion, between them two : (IAth, TA :) or _^i\
<u»-Uo Uv~* J*-'i J^ 3 j'» meaning O Ood, con-
fine each of them two to the other, to that the
heart of neither may become turned away to any
but that other: the correct form of speech, how-
ever, is <x~mXo ^^JU-, unless it be like U^U C J JW
foro^«i-*JW- (IAmb,TA.)

4. SjIjJI Oojl I joined the beast to another
beast, and made it to keep with the other to one
manger: (S, in the present art.; and K:) or
i^ljJt C-£)l I joined the two beasts together,
and made them both keep to one manger. (So
accord, to the S in art. jlj.)

5. o^W \j£> H' remained, stayed, or abode,
in the place : (S, Mgh, Msb :) or he became con-
fined, or he confined himself, therein ; (T, M, K ;)
as also V <J>^>' [written with the disjunctive alif
l£j-^ ]• (^i K.) — <^« i^jC 7/e remained behind
him, not going with him ; held back, or hung bach,
from him. (M, K.)

8 : see 5.
3 «

Ajjl : \ see what next follows.

r-

3 «

jf.», (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) with medd and

teshdeed, (TA,) [originally Jgjjl,] of the measure
J^U, (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) from o^&W l&^ m
explained above, (Mgh,) or hence this verb,
(Msb,) and * \j}, (M,K, # [but accord, to the
latter, the second form may be either thus (as it
is written in the M) or ♦ j\, (agreeably with the
latter of the two pis. mentioned below,) for the

two forms are there expressed by uu*jj lS;*^'»

t* * J A ' '

(in the CK, erroneously, J fa tSj^'») an " ,n

another place in the K we find it written t JbX
or, as in the CK, • *ijl,]) The pZoc« of confine-
ment of a beast : (ISk, T, S :) or t. q. l^T ; (M,
Mgh, Msb, K ;) used in this sense by the Arabs ;
(Mgh, Msb ;) or sometimes having this applica-
tion ; meaning a rope to which a beast is tied in
its place of confinement ; (S;) or a loop of a rope
to which a beast is tied in that place : (Mgh :) so
called because it withholds beasts from escaping :
(TA:) sometimes, (Msb,) improperly, (ISk, T,
S,) by the vulgar, and by the lawyers, (Mgh,)
applied to a manger : (ISk, T, S, Mgh, Ms b :) pi.

uW ( T » ?» M B h > M ? b ) and $• ( S — Hence »
(_jjljl is metaphorically applied to t The place*
( jU^I) that are made, in shops, for grain and
other things : and to t the water-tanks, or troughs,

7»

02

in a bath. (Mgh.)_ El-'Ajjtij says, describing a
[wild] bull, and his covert,

kS>} M Ul 0l >Ubj

meaning [And he frequented lodging-pluses]
having a Jivm foundation for the quiet of the
wild animal* therein [as having been from the
first occupied by such animals and unfrequented

by men]. (S.)__^jl is also said to signify
Land of a kind between even and rugged. (M.)

•j- I .

«bjl : sec i_£jl.

1. jj^JI Ojl, (S,*,) or 3ujJ\, (A,) aor '- (S,
K) nn<l - , (K,) inf. n. jsj\ (S, A, K) and j\ ami

jljl, (K,) The coohing-j>ot made a sound in boiling :
(S, accord, to an explanation there given of the
inf. n. ; and A :) or boiled : (S :) or boiled vehe-
mently; (r>;) as also *C»ji5l [written witli the
disjunctive alif Ojil], (S, £,) inf. n. jljljf; (S ;)

and t OjU, (K,) inf. n. jjfc : (TA:) or all signify
it boiled not vehemently. (K.) It is said in a trad.,

•icji ^>* ^jJi >>jte» jjji ff>%Jj i^-*! O 1 ^

J [ J/c t«c</ fo ;>r«y, Am inside making a sound
like the sound of the boiling of the cooking-pot, by
reason of weeping] : (S, A, Mgh :) this is said of
Mohammad : y_ j\ meaning boiling, or the sound

thereof . (Mgh.) iJUJj! Ojl The cloud made

a sound from afar. (K.) [In this instance, the
TA assigns only one form to the aor., namely ; ,

and gives only jl and jjjl as inf. ns.] Jftt signifies

The sounding of thunder ; (S, A ;*) and of a mill-

stone. (A.) You say, j*ji\ jjjl ^U [The

sounding of the thunder terrified me] : and ,^jwi

1*^1 jjjl [The sounding of the mill-stone made

» «
wiy A*<wf ro acA«]. (A, TA.) _ Also, inf. n. J^li,

It flamed, or blazed, like fire in firewood, and

was in motion, or in a state of commotion. (AO.)

■BjjJUl^ jl, [aor. * ,] inf. n. jl, He kindled afire,
or made it to burn or to burn fiercely, beneath
the cooking-pot, in order that it might boil : or
you say, jjjul jl, inf. n. as above, meaning he
collected firewood beneath the cooking-pot so tkat
the fire flamed, or blazed : and he made the fire
to flame, or blaze, beneath the cooking-pot. (TA.)

And jUI jl, ($.,) aor. < , inf. n. jl, (TA,) He
kindled tke fire, or made it to burn or to burn
fiercely. (£,TA.) — i t ^li\ jl, (£,) aor. -' , inf. n.
jl and jjjl, (TA,) 7/e ;>u< <A« /At'n^ into a state
of violent motion or commotion : (ISd, K :) so
accord, to IDrd: (ISd:) but Ibrahccin El-Har-

bee explains jl only as signifying the act of
moving. (TA.) Jjl, (A, TA,) aor. ^ , (TA,)

it

inf. n. jl, (8, TA,) He put him in motion; dis-
quieted kim; (A,*TA;) stirred up, roused, or
provoked, him; and incited, urged, or instigated,
Aim ; (S,* A,* TA ;) \J£> ^J* to do such a thing.

(A, TA.*) It is said in the £ur [xix. 80],
is nit- «• .' '.■ ' . .'9 «•»•# ** " •«#

'j'^yp c*o^< i> .>tvy« uLji ui^j^i

Seest thou not that we have sent the devils against
the unbelievers inciting them strongly to acts of

U

disobedience ? (S, TA.) Or jl signifies The inci-
ting a man to do a thing by artifice, or cunning,
and gentleness. (El-Harbec.)

* * ■*
5. jjJUl OjU : sec 1.

8. jjJUt 0>wl : sec 1. _ tjk£» ,j»« jjb yk //<?
becomes angry, and distressed, and disquieted or
disturbed, by reason of such a thing. (A, TA.)

Ml

»jl A sound, or noise. (TA.)

• t * i

jjjl inf. n. of L__<SAar/)HC«; syn. »j». (TA.)

L vj'i aor. ; , (A, K,) inf. n. ^jl (TK1,) 7/
(water) flowed or raw ; (A,K;) like «_jjj. (TA.)

Vlji«, (?, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and Jj'>«> (?,
Msb,) vl waterspout ; a pipe, or channel, that
spouts forth water : (Mgh, TA :) or that by
which water pours down from a high place :
(Towshcch :) or a water-spout of wood, or the
like, to convey away the water from the roof of
a house : (MF in art. »_»5j :) the former is from
the verb above mentioned : (A, K :) or it is
arabicized, (A, Mgh,K,) from the Persian, (Mgh,
K,) signifying "make water:" (!£:) 'ts pi. is
^jU : (ISk, S, Mgh, Msb :) and the pi. of
wjlj^o is w-jjL* and ^~>j\y>, from *->j}, said of
water, meaning " it flowed," (Mgh, Msb,) accord.
to IAar ; (Mgh ;) or this is arabicized ; or post-
classical: (Msb:) but w>jj*<«, without >, is alto-
gether disallowed by Yankoob [i. e. ISk] :
(Mgh :) it is also culled v!ijf > ( T > s » M8l) »)
accord, to IAar ; (T, Msb ;) but this is disallowed
by ISk, Fr, and AHiit, (Msb,) and by Ax
[the author of the T] ; (Mgh ;) and «->(;>• also,
accord, to IAar and Lth and others, as is men-
tioned in the T. (Msb.)

-. * t-

2- <»-jt, inf. n. *->j\5, (Msb, K,) He built a
structure of the kind called *jl, and made it long :
(K :) or he built a house, or chamber, in the
form of what is so called. (Msb.)

*-jl A certain kind of structure ; (S, K ;) or
a house, or chamber, built in a long, or an oblong,
form ; (Mgh, L, Mfb ;) called in Persian dA~o'>
(Mgh, L,) and also, in the same language, i->,
and j+£» : (Mgh :) [i. e. an oblong, arched, or
vaulted, structure or edifice ; (such as a bridge ;
see ijUli ;) a portico, gallery, or piazza ; accord,
to Golius and Freytag, atdificii genus oblongum
etfornicatum, porticus instar; to which Freytag
adds, porta arcus superior :] or, accord, to some,
a roof: (Mfb :) pi. [of pauc] £lj'T (S, Mfb, K)
and Ijl (S, K.) and [of mult.] L-jl. (K..)

1. ijjl, aor. ; , (TK,) inf. n. jjl, (IAar, K,)
It surrounded, or encompassed, it, (IAar,* IC,*

TA,) namely, a thing. (Tl£.) See also 2, in

two places : and see 3.

2. »jyl, inf. n. jijV, He put on him, or clad

[Book I.

Aim toitk, an j\jU (S;) asalso # »Jjl. (TA.)^
It covered it : (%.,* TA :) as in the phrase,
uoj*j\ C--JI jjl Tke herbage covered the ground,
or bind. (TA.) — t He rehired tke lower part
of it, (namely, a wall,) and thus made that part
lilte an jljl : (Mgh, Msb :*) he cased [the lower
part of] it, (namely, a wall,) and thus strengthened
it. (A.)__t77c strengthened him, or it; (K,
TA;) as also * ijj'l, (Fr,) inf. n. Jjl. (Fr,Kl.)
[See also 3.]

3. »jjl, (Fr, S, A, Msb,) for which the vulgar
say »jjlj, (Fr, S,) the latter an extr. form, (K.,)
inf. n. 5jjl|i; (Msb.K;) and *Jjjl; (TA;)
He aided, assisted, or helped, him ; (Fr, S, A,
Msb, K ;*) and strengthened him. (Mab.) [Sec
also 2.] You say, ^"^i ^Js. J~-j}\ Ojjl I aided,
assisted, or helped, and strengtkcneil, tke man
against such a one. (Zj.) And ie»jjl> UJp Oj^l
^"^Li aJLc / desired to do such a thing, and such
a one /tided, assisteil, or helped, me to do it.
(A, TA.) — tkii HI/ £ji\ JjT, (A,) inf. n.
as al>ovc, (K,) t The seed-produce became tangled,
or luxuriant, (A, K,) one part rctiching to another,
(A,) and one part strengthening another; (K;)
asalso cjjJI "jjU : (TA :) or OmJI "jjU signifies
the herbage became tangled, or luxuriant, ami
strong. (S.)__ t {Jl\ i^Ll Jjl, (TA,) inf. n.
us above, (K,) The thing etpwlled, or was equal
to, the thing : the thing matched, or corrcsjtonded
to, the thing. (K,*TA.) 1 it some copies of the
K, in the place of it^L^ll, is found !Ld£JI : the
former is the correct reading. (TA.)

5 : sec 8, in two places : _ and sec also 3, in
two places.

8 - jj^\> (?» Mgh« Msb,) originally jjiji', (Mgh,
Msb,) and *,jU, (S,) or jljSl; jjil, and <v *-jjU,
(K,) He put on, or wore, the jljl : (S, Mgh, Msb,
K :) jj5l is wrong, (Nh,) or vulgar, (Mgh,) and
should not be said : it occurs in certain of
the tnids., but is probably a corruption of the
rclaters : (K :) or it is a correct form, [like _vm "M
ice, (sen art. «*£.!,)] (Msb, MF,) accord, to El-
Karmiincc and Sgh and others. (MF.)

jjl Strength. (IAar, S, A, K.) — And (or as
some say, TA) Weaknexs : thus bearing two
contr. significations. (IAar, K.) And The

back. (IAar, S, K.) i_£jjl y yj£\, in the £ur
[xx. 32], means Strengthen Thou by him my
bach: (IAar, S:) or confirm Thou by him my
strength : or strengthen Thou by him my weak-
ness. (I Aar. ) — Aid, assistance, or help. (Mfb.)
_ Also, (S,) or tjj{, (£,) The place, (K,) or
part of [each of] the two flanks, (S,) where the
jljl is tied in a knot. (S,l£.)

jjl : see jjl.

• • • *

jjl: sec jljl.

•»#

Sjjl Any particular mode, or manner, of put-
ting on, or wearing, the jljl. (S,ly.) You say,
SjjNI ^...a. I <ul [ Verily he lias a good manner
of putting on, or wearing, the jljl]. (A.) And
**—"* bJl 2J~!^ He put on, or wore, the jljl in

Book I.]

a good manner. (S.) And it is said in a trad.,
Ue» oult ~U»- ^3 JLJI ULaJ ^jlj v>*W »jji

,^11»£JI OtiS **•* f' 4 ' believer's mode of wear-
ing the jljl is to have it reaching <o the middle
of the sluinh ; and there shall be no sin chargeable
to him with rexpect to what is between that and
the two ankles]. (TA.)

jljl, masc. and fern., and *»j'jl, and tjj£«,
(S, Mfb, K,) and t ijjL, (Lh,) and t JJl , (K,')
A thing well known ; (S, Msb ;) [« waist-wrap-
per ;] a wrapper for covering, or which covers,
the lower part of the body, [from the waist
downwurds, concealing the thighs, and generally

Mi

the upper half, or more, pf the shanlis, (see jjl,
or jjl, and Sjjt ,)] not sewed : or tuck as u beneath
the shoulders, or on the lower half of the body :
the •!>! is tliat which covers the upper half of tlic
body; or that which is upon the shoulders and
hack ; and this also is not sewed : cacli of these
explanations is correct : (Ml' :) or r. q. M m JU :
(K :) [in the present day, jljt , vulgarly pro-
nounced jljjl , is also applied to a woman's outer
covering, or wrapper, of white calico ; described
in my "Modern Egyptians :" and t jjU, to
a pair of drawn* : and app., in post-classical
writings, to ant/thing resembling a waist-wrapper,
worn on any part of the person, and in any
manner; sometimes as a turban:] and jljl also
signifies anything with which one is veiled, con-
cealed, or covered : (Th, K :) its pi. is ijjl,
(S, Mfb, K,) a pi. of pauc., (S, Msh,) and (of

mult., S, Msb) Jjl (S,M*h,K) and ]jl, (K,)
which is of the dial, of Temoem, or, accord, to

4,1

MF, a contraction of jjl : (TA :) and the pi. of
jji* is jjU. (Msh.) You say, ▼ 'jj!-» j*yi J-*
t He prepared himself for the thing, affair, or
business. (A.) And "jjijl «*— t lie abstained
from sexual intercourse : or he prepared himself
for religious service. (TA, from a trad.) And
vjjljl j-asui-l J (The place of) my jljl became black :
or, rather, became of a [blackish] kuc inclining
to green : because the hair when it first grows is
of tli.it hue. (liar p. 494.) And ijMj] i_$j(>
[My house is my covering] : said by lis-Sarawce
to IAar, on the lattcr's expressing his surprise at
the former's walking in his house naked. (TA.)
—,' t Continence; chastity. (K, TA.) You say,
jljSI i_ie»fe 0*^*> nna " ljW 1 &«eh a one is con-
tinent, abstaining from women with whom it is
unlawful to him to have commerce : (A 'Obcyd :)
and in like manner, jljNt ^-Ja O^- (TA in
art. >»«*•.) — J One's wife : (S, M,K :) or one's
self: (Il£t, Suh :) or one's wife and family : or
one's family and self. (TA.) One says, i_£»w
ijjljl vli) t 3Usjf my wife be a ransom for thee :
(Ahoo-'Omar El-Jarmce, S :) or myself. (IKt,
Suh.) And it -is said in a trad, respecting the
vow of allegiance made at the 'Akabeh, ■iXisU^i
Ujjl aU %-^j U-0 \n c will assuredly defend thee
from that from which we defend our wives and
ovr families : or ourselves. (TA.) _ J A ewe.

Jj'-Jj'

(K,TA.) [But see ijj^i Sli.] And Jljl Jljl is
A cry by which a ewe is called to be milked. (K.)

Jjljt : see jljl.

jjl u»j>, and Jijjl, [which is the fern.,] J .4
horse, and a mare, white in the hinder part, (A,
TA,) which is the place of the jljl of a man ;
(TA;) [i. c., it corresponds to the lower part
of the body of a man :] when the whiteness
descends to the thighs, the epithet Jjj—c is
employed: (A:) or the former signifies ahorse
white in the thighs, and having his fore parts

black, or of any colour : (AO, K:) pi. jjl. (A.)
jjio : sec jljl , in five places.
ijjL» : see jljl.

Sjjy» »li t A- en > e t or she-goat, that, is [black in
the hinder part] as though attired with a black
jljl. (A; [in which is added, jljl ly) JULy,
which may mean, " and one says, She has an
jljl ;" or " and one calls her jljl ;" but more
probably the former is meant thereby ;] and K ;
[in which «*<*»■>, " a ewe," is put in the place of

«U>.]) j)y> j-oj J Aid [made] effective and

powerful: (K, TA :) occurring in a trad. (TA.)

Olj^jU for Oljjj^e : sec art. jjy

Ojt

1. ojl, aor. - , inf. n. ujjt (S, Msb, K) and

«J>j)jt, (Msh, K,) It (departure) was, or became,
or drew, near : (S, Msb, K :) and in like manner,
a time. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [liii. 58],
Sij"^l c-ijl The resurrection draweth near. (S,
(Msb.) _ He (a man) hastened, or was quick :
(S, K :) or he drew near, and hastened, or was
quick. (A,TA.)

4. ijiijl lit (a man, TA) incited me, or urged

me, to hasten, or be quick : (K, TA :) it is of the

--•1 ,

measure ^jdbot. (TA.)

.5. vJjU The stepping with contracted steps.
(K.) But sec JjUi ^Lb., below. (TA.)

6. hjijC They drew near together, one to ano-
tlier. (IF,K.)

w»jl, applied to a man, .Hastening, or quick :
(S, TA :) and endeavouring to hasten, or be quick.
(TA.) '

iij^l The resurrection : so in the Kur liii. 58,
(S, Msb,) and xl. 18 : (Bd :) or in the latter
place it means tke near event, or case, of being on
the brink of the fire [of Hell] : or, as some say,
death. (Bd.)

ojUo, of the measure J«U£«, applied to a man,
(TA,) Short ; (S, A, K ;) as being contracted in
make; (A,TA;) having his several parts near
together. (S,K.) [In the CK it is written >JjU*,
in this sense and others, following.] — A stra it,
or narrow, place. (O, L, K.)_A contracted
stepping : you say, <_»jU« ^ U ^. : so in the O and
L. (T A.) __ I A man (Sgh, T A) evil in disposi-

63

tion; narrow-minded: (Sgh, K, TA :) weak;
cowardly. (TA.)

1. Jjl, aor. ; ; (K ;) and Jjl, aor. -\ (IDrd,
K inf. n. (of the former, TA) jjl, (S, O, K,)
and (of the latter, T A) jjl, (IDrd,K,) or the
latter is used by poetic licence for the former ;
(As, Sgh ;) He, or it, (said of a man, MF, or of
a man's bosom or mind, K,) became strait, or
straitened; (IDrd, S,* 0,»K, MF;) jjl being
thus syn. with Jjl : (S, O :) or it (a man's bosom
or mind) became straitened in war or fight ; (K ;)
or he (a man) became straitened in his bosom or
mind, in war or fight : (TA :) as also * JjU,
with respect to both these significations ; (K ;) or
this signifies it (a man's bosom or mind) became
strait, or straitened; like JjU ; (Fr, S;) and
* JjU signifies the same as JjU. (Z, in Golius.)
[See also 10.] = aSJI, inf. n. Jjl, lie straitened
him : the verb being trans, and intrans. (MF.)

5 and 6 : sec 1.

- 1 * * a j| 1

10. O^* i^* H)y~'\ The place became strait
to such a one, (K, TA,) so that he wus unable to
go forth [into it, to war or fight]. (TA.)

if- . ,

JjU A place of straitness, or a strait place,

(S, K, TA,) in which people fight. (TA.) And
hence, A place of war or fight. (S.) And
JtJdl JjU Tlie place of straitness of life, or
living. (Lh.) PL JjU. (TA.)

Jjl

1- Jj', (?, K,) aor. ; , inf. n. jjl, (S,) lie (a
man) became in a state of straitness, or narrow-
ness, and suffering from dearth or drought or
sterility. (S, K.) [See also the pass, form of tlio
verb here following; and see 5.]s=«djt, aor. as
above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) He confined,
restricted, restrained, withheld, debarred, hin-
dered, or prevented, him ; (K,* TA ;) and strait-
ened him; in consequence of distress, or adversity,

and fear. (TA.) He shortened his (a horse's)

rope, [or tether,] and then left him to pasture at
pleasure (Lth, K, [in the CK, il- is put for
1111,]) in the place of pasturage. (Lth.)_
^U hjijl, (S,) mj$yt\, (K>) aor. as above,
(S,) They confined, restricted, or debarred, their
cattle from the place of pasturage, (S,) or did not
take, or send, them forth thereto, (K,) in conse-
quence of fear, (S,K,) or dearth or drought or

sterility. (K-) It is said in a trad, respecting

Ed-Dciial, and his besieging the Muslims in Bcyt-
el-Makdis, [or Jerusalem,] Ijl>ju* "^jl oVji**
And they will be straitened with a vehement
straitening. (TA.) And ^Ul Jjl signifies The
people suffered, or were afflicted with, drought,
or want of rain. (TA.)

4. 8U I I cJjT The year became severe, distress-
ful, calamitous, or adverse. (TA.) =34X11 ^jl
Qod afflicted them with drought, or want of rain.
(TA.)

5. JjU It (a man's bosom or mind) became

04

strait, or straitened; (Fr, S, K ;) as also JjU.
(Fr,S.)

Jjl Slraitneu ; distress ; difficulty ; (S,* K ;)
and drought, or want of rain. (TA.) _ Vehe-
mence of might, or of strength, in war, or fight ;
of courage, valour, or prowess : or of war, or

yfyA* : or of fear : or of punishment : syn.

I- j a
^b SJlI. (TA.)aalt is also used as an epithet,

meaning Strait; narrow; confined. (Hump. 339.)

Jjl .4 calamity ; (K ;) because of its distressing
character. (TA.) —. Lying, or falsehood. ( Yaa-
k.K.I., S, K.)

Jjl t. ^. >jJ [i. e. Eternity, with respect to
past time, or considered retrospectively ; existence
from eternity; or ancientness] (S, K, TA) that
is without beginning ; (TA ;) or the continuance
of existence in decreed times interminable in
respect of the past; like as jyl is the continuance
of existence in decreed times interminable in
respect of the future ; (KT ;) or that [existence,
or time,] which has no extremity in its beginning;

like >ji ; and jut is that which has no extremity
in its latter part ; like 2Uu : the former is existence
without any beginning ; (Kull p. 31 :) said to be
from the phrase Jjj _^l ["he, or it, has not
ceased" to bo &c. ; i. e. "has ever" been Sec.

' '' i "'

(see ^j')] : or » accord, to some, from Jjl signi-
fying " narrowness ;" because the intellect is pre-
vented by its narrowness from perceiving its
beginning: (MF:) Jjl is a name for that of
which the mind is prevented by its narrowness
from determining the limit of the beginning;
from Jjl meaning " narrowness ;" and jut is a
nnme for that of which the mind shrinks from,
or shuns, the determining the limit of the end ;

from ty>\ meaning the act of "shrinking" from a
thing, or "shunning" it. (Kull pp. 30 and 31.)
Hence the saying, Ul» Iptf Jj'^l ^ J£a [-H*
was, or has been, ever, powerful, knowing]. (A,
TA.) The phrase Jlj^l Jjl [During the space,
without beginning, of all past times ; or ever, in
all past times ;] is like the phrase >C*j\ jut ; said
to be no evidence of the use of Jljl as a pi. of Jjl
in a general way by the Arabs of the classical
ages, as it is here added merely as a corroborative.

(MF in art. j*l.) [See also jj&]

• i • -

Jjl : see Jjl.

jjljl [Eternal, with respect to past time; exist-
ing from eternity ; or ancient without beginning ;
ns is implied in the S and K &c. ;] a thing, or
being, which has not been preceded by non-exist-
ence : it is applied to God: and to [his] know-
ledge : that which exists must be one of three

... s '! s '*

kinds only : ijjy\ ^Jjl [existing from eternity,

and consequently existing to eternity] ; and this
is God [who is also called Jjj*)\ ^jJUl the
Ancient without beginning] : and j_£jyl *)• .Jjl "^
[not existing from eternity nor existing to eter-
nity] ; and such is the present world : and ^J^t
(Jj* jnk [existing to eternity without existing
from eternity] ; and such is the world to come;

the reverse of which [last] is impossible : (TA :)
it is a rel. n. from Jjl : or, accord, to some, it is
not [genuine] Arabic : (TA :) or it is originally

^Jji, a rel. n. from Jjj _,,), (S, K,) a phrase
applied to that which is ^ j3 ; and is formed by
contraction ; (S ;) then, the j_£ is changed into I,
as being easier of pronunciation ; as in .yjl,
applied to a spear, in relation to ,jjj ^J ; (S, K,*
Sgh, TA;) and as in ^{jj\, applied to a blade,
(S,Sgh,TA,) in relation to ^Jj : (TA:) so say
some of die learned. (S.)

&eJjl The quality, or attribute, of Jjl [eternity,
with respect to past time, Sec] : but it is a forged
term, not of the [genuine] language of the Arabs.
(A,TA.)

• tt •* *

Jjjl jj-t A severe, distressful, calamitous, or
■•J
adverse, year : pi. Jjl. (K.)

Jjl A man in a state of straitness, distress,
adversity, or difficulty. (TA.) _ A man in a
state of straitness in consequence of fever: or who
is unable to go forth in consequence of pain : or
confined, restricted, withheld, or prevented [from
going forth], (TA.)__5)jl ,j^J [A milch camel]
confined, or restricted, not pasturing at pleasure,
having her shank tied up to her arm, on account of
her owner's fear of a hostile incursion : occurring

in a poem of El-Aasha. (TA.)_ Jjl Jjl, in the
K, erroneously, v Jjt, Severe, or vehement, strait-
ness, distress, or difficulty. (K,* TA.)

• U

JjU A place of straitness, or a strait place ;
* I-
(S, K ;) like JjU : (S :) or a place of war or

fight, when strait. (Lh.) And J^aJt JjU
77ie place where the means of subsistence arc
strait, or narrow. (Lh.)

ati«- *

jjye i\j+m- i~i- [A severe year of dearth, or
sterility,] afflicting with drought. (TA, from a
trad.)
. A*

JjjU A horse having his rope [or tether] short-
ened, and then left to feed at pleasure in the place
of pasturage. (Ltli.)

>j«

1. j>j\, aor. - , inf. n. >»jl and >jjl, He bit with
the whole mouth, vehemently : (K :) or with the

canine teeth : or you say, o-ejl, and <vJic j>j\,
meaning he bit it, and then repeated [the action]
upon it, not letting it go : or he seized upon it
with hismouth: (TA :) or **jl signifies [simply]
lie bit it : (S :) and <ulc j>\\, aor. - , inf. n. j>j\ ;
and >»jl, aor. ' , inf. n. >»jl ; the same ; or he
seized, or took hold, upon it with his teeth : (Msb:)
and J*v)l J-i C~ojt / bit the arm, or hand, of the
man most vehemently. (TA.) l»J>»jl occurs in a
trad, as meaning lie bit it, (referring to a ring of
a coat of mail,) and held it between two of his
central teeth. (AO.) And in another trad., >jl
»jb» (J, meaning He bit his arm, or hand. (TA.)

And you say, >>UJLII ( _ r .l» ^Ac crT* 11 -^j 1 The
horse seized [with his teeth, or champed,] upon the

[Book I.

• *$t

(J-U [q. v.] of the bit. (K.) And jbj\ signifies

also The cutting with the canine tooth, and with
a knife, (K,) and with other things. (TA.) —
[And hence,] O* ^)\, (S, Msb, # K, # ) aor. -. ,

inf. n.j>j\ (S) and>jjl, (TA,) said of a time, (S,
Msb,) or a year, (K,) It was, or became, dis-
tressed, or afflictive, to us, [as though it bit us,]
by drought, dearth, or scarcity ; (S, Msb, K ;)
and scant in its good things; (S;) as also>>jt,
nor. - , inf. n. >>jt. (Msb.) And i~w ^L>Lo\
^^yiojt, (S, K,*) inf. n. >jl, (S.) A year, or year
of dearth or drought or sterility, befell them,
which extirpated them : (S, K :•) or, accord, to
Sh, the verb in this sense is only with .. (TA.

[See art. >»il.])__ [Hence also,] */>»jt, (AZ,S,
K,) inf. n. >»jl, (TA,) lie clave to him, namely,
his companion ; (AZ, S, K ;) and to it, namely,
a place. (K.) And <ui* j>j\, (K,) aor. - , inf. n.

>»jl, (TA,) He Itept, attended, or applied himself,
constantly, perseoeringly, or assiduously, to it;

(K;) he- clave to it. (TA.) And <&w t *t{ j>j\, or
y, (accord, to different copies of the K, the
former being the reading in the TA,) and \~ls-,

(TA,) inf. n. >jjl, (AZ.TA,) He kept, attended,
or applied himself, constantly, perscrcriiigly, or
assiduously, to his <uu-o [or land, Sec.]. (AZ, K,

TA.) jVjf, (Nh, K,) inf. n. JLjf, (Nh, TA,) also

signifies He held his teeth together, one upon
another: (Nh :) [and he comjrrcssed, or put to-
gether, his lips : (sec j»)\ :)] and he closed, or
locked, a door. (K, TA.) It is said in a trad.,

>jSt i>» »*" r^ 6 •>■**■ «*-U*» 3 Jl^-JI The stick
fur cleaning the teeth, thou shah use it on the
occasion of the ■mouth's becoming altered in odour
from the holding of the teeth together. (Nh.)

* 'l • M

[And hence,] v»jt, (S, Nh, Msb,) inf. n. jtj],

(Msb, K,) lie held, refrained, or abstained, (S,
K,*) t{Jj\ ok from the thing : (S,TA:) and Ac
held, refrained, or abstained, from, desiring much:
(TA :) and from food (Msb, K*) and drink;
(Msb;) as also>»jl, aor. -, inf. n. j»j\: (Msb:)
and from speech; (Nh,K;*) like as docs' the
faster from food : and hence, (Nh,) or from the

next preceding signification, (Msb,) «*»»• [mcan-

• tt
injj as explained in what follows] is termed >»jt :

(Nh, Msb :) but accord, to the rotation commonly
known, of a trad, in which j>)\ is said to occur in
the last of the senses explained al>ovc, the word is
jtjl, with j, and with tcshdccd in the case of the>».
(Nh.) It is related in a trad., that 'Omar having
asked EI-Hurith Ibn-Kelcdch, the v«* of the
Aral>s, "What is the [best] remedy?" (S,) or
having asked him respecting [the best] medical, or
curative, treatment, (Msb,) the latter said, j>y$\,
meaning <L«aJI ; (S,Msb;) both these words
here meaning Tlie practising abstinence; (PS;)
or the abstaining, or desisting, from eating :
(TA :) or, in this instance, (TA,) ^j^l signifies
the not putting in food upon food : and (some

say, TA) the being silent: (K,TA:) and it

* i **§

signifies also strength. (TA.) — i LJ ^Jt >»jl The

thing became contracted ; became drawn togctlier,
or compressed ; as also>»jl, aor. - . (K.)

Book I.]

> * - >•'

5. >yUt»jU, (TA,) or>jb>yll>jl3, (S,)
The people, or company of men, stayed, remained,
or dwelt, long in their abode. (S, TA.)

1 : 6CC iejl.

• ( 'I * '•('

^»jl [part. n. of >jt ; fcm. with 5] : see i«jt.

iujl [inf. n. of un. ofl: and hence,] A single
act of eating; (K, TA ;) i. c. an eating but once
in the course of the day ; like i+m.^ [q. v.].

(TA.) Also, (Fr,S, Msb,K,) and *Ljl and

t Lj\, (Fr, K, [the lust in the CK like the first,])
Straitness, hardness, or distress ; (S, Msb, K ;)
drought, dearth, or sterility : (S, Msb :) pi. (of
the first, TA) *Jjl, (K,) [or rather this is a coll.
gen. n.,] like as ^ is of 5^3, (TA,) [hut origi-
nally an inf. n. of>jl, q. v.,] and>jl, (K,) like as
jj^isoflj'J^. (TA.) Hence the trad., iUjI ^J^il
.yfe-jLi, meaning Become severe, O year of
drought, or dearth, or sterility : then <Ao« wilt
pan away : though it has been strangely asserted
that l«jl is hire the proper name of a woman,
to whom, on an occasion of her being taken with
the pains of labour, these words were said by
the Prophet. (TA.) You also say i»jt <L-> and
♦ Loj\, (K,) bo in the copies of the K, there said
to be like i*->», but correctly ▼ *•>!, as in the
M &c, (TA.) [or both arc correct, being part,
ns., respectively, of >j1 and jtj\,] and " A»j[jl,
meaning A distressful, or an afflictive, year;
(K. ;) a year of m vehement drought or dearth
or sterility. (TA.) And ^jtjl [pi. of t <UjT,
used as a subst.,] signifies Distressful, or afflic-
tive, years. (TA.) *>ljl, also, (K,) or, accord,
to Aboo-'Alcc, *>yjl| (IB,) [each a proper name,
rh denoting a kind of personification,] signifies
The year of drought or dearth or sterility. (K.)

And you say, 7>»lj1 > «tV ^"LP "Bo *j»*jl Severe
strait ness, or distress, befell them. (S, TA.*)

-J'

• - (

• <•«

see i*jl.

_>»tjl : see i*jl, in two places.

>tjl : see what next follows.

• '* • r • . i ' 'i

j>2j\ : see jM, in three places. __>>^jl : sec

iojl, in two places Also, the former, Cleaving

to a tiling; (1£ ;) and so ♦>$. (Sgh, £.)
JUjjl : see <uyl.
>jf act. part. n. of>»il ; Siting with the wlwle

mouth, velietncntly : [&c. :] as also "jyjl : (JK. :
[in the CKL the former is erroneously written
J$ '•]) 0T tne l attcr signifies tliat lias a habit of
biting ; or that bites much ; syn. ^oyctt. : (Ham
p. 632 :) pi. of the former Jjjl : (Ham p. 3G0 :)
and of the latter >jt. (Ham p. 009.) [Hence,]

IjnyjH The biting lion ; or the lion tliat bites

j » * > * f
much, or veliemently ; u oye*)\ jk-^l. fTA.)^

[Hence also,] The canine tooth ; syn. <^>U ; and

.t- - * • ••* •*'

so*&ejl; and">yjl: pi. of the first j>j\; and

of the second >jlj I; and of the third>»jl. (M,K.)

__ Also Having his lips compressed, or put to-
gether. (AZ, S.)

<UjT: see>>jT:__ and see also <Ujt, in three
places.

_>»jU A narrow, or *tra«7, /?Zace; a place of

i I.
narrowness or straitness ; (S, K ;) like JjU ;

(S ;) of a land, and of the pudendum muliebre,

and of life, (K,) or of the means of subsistence ;

(Lh, K ;) or of any hind : (TA :) any narrow

road between two mountains : (S, Msb :) a

narrow place in mountains, such that one part

meets another, and tlie phice beyond widens :

(TA :) pi. >jU. (S, K.) — And hence, (Msb,)

A place of war or fight ; (S, Msb ;) because of

the straitness of the state thereof, and the difficulty

of escape from it. (Msb.)

j»;U» Smitten, or afflicted, by <Ujl [or strait-
ness, &c] : (K. :) or expressing pain or grief,
or lamenting, or complaining, on account of the
straitness, or distrcssfulness, or afflictiveness,
(iijl and »>£>,) of time, or fortune. (TA.)

2. ci^-11 t5jl, inf. n. LjO (S,K1) and ;^jU,
or l\£jy> f (accoixl. to different copies of the S,
[the latter irregular,]) or both, (accord, to the
TA,) He put, or made, an Sj\ [q. v.], to the
watering-trough or tanh ; (S, K;) i.e. Ids put
upon its mouth a stone, or a iA*. [explained
below, voce SJQ, or the lihe ; (TA;) as also
t iljl, inf. n. jij/l ; (S, TA ;) or * iljO. (»L.)

3. iljl, (S, K,) inf. n. l\j\£, (Msb in art. s j»,
and TA in art. ^j^, &c, [though it would seem
from the K to be *j>M,]) He (a man, S) wo*,
or became, over against it, or opposite to it;
he faced, or fronted, him, or it. (S,* J£,* TA
in art. (JJj.) Accord, to the S, one should not
say, »ljlj : but it is said in a trad, respecting the
prayer of fear, jjkil Ujjly , i. e. And we faced,
or fronted, the enemy : (TA :) and the inf. n.
is Sljl^i. (TA in art. (Jjj.) [Its syn. iliU
is more common.] as [Hence S\j\y» signifying
A conformity, a mutual resemblance, or a cor-
respondence, with regard to sound, of two words
occurring near togetlier ; like k-^>j\ & c

see

art. jr^j.] sbb [Hence, likewise,] »jjl also signifies
He contended with him, syn. a\j\s^ ; (1£> TA ;)

55

or ♦!<>/, (accord, to other copies of the §,) or
both, (IAar, TA,) each after the manner of a
relative noun, [having no verb,] (TA,) A she-
camel that drinks from the .Tj\ [q. v.] : (TA :) or
that will not drink save from the .jjl of the trough
or tank ; and jjic signifies one " that will not
drink save from the fks. [thereof] :" (S, TA, and
IAar in art. yi* in the TA :) or, accord, to IAar,
that will not come to the watering-trough or tank,
to drink, until they leave it unoccupied for her ;
asalsojjji. (T A in the present art.)

ijjSI t. q. iij-JI [The front, as meaning the
part, place, or location, tliat is over against,
opposite, facing, fronting, or in front]. (Msb,
and K &c. in art jJ»».) You say, dity ** He
is over against, opposite to, facing, fronting, or
in front of , him ; syn. «5IJ-^, (S,) or *ii^-»-

(Msb.) [Hence, *5Ul* signifies also Corrcs-

ponding to it ; as whon one says,] ,>• J>f J^-t^

is a vein of the horse and the camel, corresponding
to the J--£»t of man]. (TA in art. J^>.) [You
say also, LJ £i *tjl^ IkU ii>j He applied a word,
or phrase, as correspondent to an idea, or a mean-
ing.]=i\j\ is also applied to a man, and to a
woman, and to a number of persons, in senses
here following. (TA.) You say, j&\ C\j\ ^ He
is the manager, conductor, ordercr, regulator, or
superintendent, of the affair. (S, Msb, TA.) And
in the same sense the word is used by Homcyd,
in the phrase ^ilii xTjl [The manager, or orderer,
of the means of subsistence], applied to a woman.
(TA.) And in an instance in which a poet likens
the .tjt of a watering-trough or tank to the [stink-
ing animal called] O^ ■ (?> TA :) in this case
it means The water-drawer [of the trough or
tank]. (As, IB, TA.) [But in relation to a
watering-trough or tank, it generally has another
meaning, which see below.] You say also, O*^
JU IM (S) [Such a one is] a manager, tender,
o'r superintendent, of cattle, or camels <jt . ; ($,*
TA;) a good pastor thereof. (TA.) And *TjJ
,_,^J| The vigorous wager, or prosecutor, of war.

(}$..) And O*** Hi] O*^* Such ° one " tke f eUon !
and assistant of suck a one. (TA.) And^*j!i!>»*
They are tlieir fellows, (It, TA,) who assist
them, and order, or set in order, their affairs :
(TA :) or they are those who order, or set in
order, their affairs. (Msb.) And ^*- l\yj iil,
and "jit, Verily lie is a possessor of goodness,
and 'of evilness. (TA.) — Also, iTj^l, (£,)
or J^aJI iljl, (TK,) The means of susten-
ance : or what has been caused, or occasioned,
of plentif ulness and easiness, and of superabun-
dance, of sustenance. (K.)aanAlso The place
where the water is poured into t/ie watering-
trough or tank; (As, S, K ;) i. e. its fore part ;
[the part next to the well or other source whence
it is filled;] the hinder part, where the camels
stand when they come to water, being called the
Ss. : (S in art. jie :) or, accord, to AZ, a mass
of stone, and what is put for protection [of the
brink of tlie trough or tank (as it is generally

and opposed, or withstood, him, syn. a*«U. (TA.)
Whence the 6aying in a trad., JjJl»JI Ojl Bji}
<iT £>j} jJi* ^JOUi [And a party contended
with, and opposed, or wttlistood, the kings, and
fought with them for the religion of God].
(TA.)

4. c^JI j^jT t. q. etjl, q. v. (S, TA.) —
And He repaired, or put into a right or proper
state, the M [q. v.] of the watering-trough or

tank. (IAar, TA.) And He poured forth the

water from its l\j\. (TA.) — And aJ,Jj\ He
poured forth upon its *ljl. (TA.)

5 : see 2.

Ljl a50, (accord, to some copies of the S,) I constructed of stones cemented and plastered with

08

mud)] upon the place where the water is poured
when the bucket is emptied : (S in the present
art. :) or the whole (£-»-- [said in the TA to be
a mistake for &«*., but this I think extremely
improbable,]) of what it between the watering-
trough or' tit nh and the cavity of the well,
[namely,] of the [casing of stones, or bricks,
calleil] ^jJ»: (KL:) or a stone, or shin, or iU.
[i. e. a thing made of palm-leaves woven together,
generally used us a receptacle for dates], put [for
protection] upon the mouth [or part of the border
where the water is poured in] of the watering-
trough or tank : (K.,* TA :) in the K, \J* i-Ay'
uoy—i\ is erroneously put for j£ .J* f*oyt
yA^Jt. (TA.)

• -,»,, % . i

3uj\ AJU : sec 3uj\.

1 : sec 2, in two places.

8. LS\, (?, M, Msb,) inf. n. ^-13, (S, Msb,
IC,) lie founded it ; or made, or laid, a founda-
tion, or basis, for it ; (S, # Msb ;) namely, a
building, (8,) or a wall : (Msb :) he marked out
the limit* of it, (namely, of a house,) and raised
its foundations: he built its foundation, or basis:
(K :) he commenced it ; namely, a building ; as

. i Ul tit. i'»

also ▼ a-1, aor. <u£;, inf. n. ^J : (M :) he built

it ; namely, a bouse ; (TA ;) as also * lit. (£.)

* . . » t. .<
You sny, ,>-*■ i^-ef « IJuk [This is a good found-
ing, or foundation]. (TA.) And JJL' Jj .>i
a*.x» J j^JL. aCU J [7/c w/io does not Uiy the
foundation of his property with equity, or justice,
destroys it]. (A, TA.) — Ijlj ^j: see ijj, in
art. }j}.

ijJ : sec what next follows, in six places.

II

^a\ The foundation, basis, or lowest part, (S,

A, Mgh, Msb, $,) of a building, (S, A, $,)
or of a wall } (Mgh, Msb ;) as also t ^J and

♦ v>\ (AJp and f J-^l (?, A, Mgh, Msb, £)
and t ^ (S, J£,) which is a contraction of
^wl : (S :) or the commencement of a buildin

tiJl — J-l

tt^on its first foumlation.] (A.) And <wl ^ <wJLS
[He uprooted it from its foundation). (A.) And

* - H t .1 * .t ■• \ /

V«"J' *>■•• T wr* 1 - 1 O^* t [Suck a one, the foun-
dation of his affair, or case, is falsehood], (A,TA.)
And yLjjl jj yii illi ol£», (S, M, A, 5,) and
* eJ\, and * a1j , (S, M, K,) JTW was in old, or
anient, time; (S, M, K ;) «r r/ic beginning of
time ; (S, A,' K j) and in like manner, Cwf . J*
^*jJI. (A.) __ Also A remain, relic, trace,
vestige, sign, mark, or track, of anything.
(K.) You say, JiJ*i\ J^l ji., or JijL\ * Jll,
[accord, to different copies of the K, meaning,
Take thou to the track of the way,] when one
guides himself by any mark or track, or by
camels' dung: but when the wav is manifest, vou

- * * |

^y. Jifb* & -**■• (K.) ^-1 also signifies

The remains of ashes (M, K) between the l>UI,

q. v. : (M :) occurring in a verse of En-Niibighah

Edh-Dhubyance ; but accord, to most relators of
* . . . • "

this verse, it is ^-1. (TA.)

3

[Book. I.

* -
^jJlc

I ^J* J£> Jl* Jlj U

t [He ceased not, or has not ceased, to be, since
he we* in the beginning of time, or in old time,
i. e., from the Jirst of his existence, a person of
increasing foolishness, and of den-easing intellect].
(AZ, S.) IB says, J has erred in mentioning
Owl in this section [of the S] ; its proper place
being in art. <w, where he has also mentioned
it; for its hemzch is conjunctive, by common
consent ; and if conjunctive, it is au^ineututivc :
also, his saying that they have changed the [final]

^ in uA into O, like as they have changed tho

* -i
il:

2 I

JLAi

i

I:

sec ^rfl, in several places'

tii-mrl

I Tlie land produced [herbage

• > . ■ n

w~* ; syn. c~iftl. (K.)

f;

and any commencement of a thing ; as also ♦ .J

and * ur .L«l and ♦ c ^».l: (M:) and die origin,

source, stock, or root, (J-ol,) of a man ; as also
. 2 I J ,

'yrflj or of anything j (M, J£ ;) as also t^i
(M,?:) and t^j Rn d tj^,) : (^ .) and tl)c
heart of a man ; because [tho Arabs believe that]
it is live first tiling that comes into existence in
the womb : (M, $ :) pi. ^.U (§, M, Mgh, Msb,
1$) and J-U (M, Msb, $) and ^1a ; (M, Mgh,
Msb, 1$. ;) the first of which is pi. of ^-1, (Mgh,
Msb,) like as JUJt is of Jli ; (Msb;) or of J-ll,
like as V U-I is of ^Z,; (S;) or, as some sav,
of ^J, [like as JU*I is of JU*,] so tliat it is a
pi. pi.; (TA;) and the second, of^l, like as J*llt
isof^-*; (Msb;) and the third, of J.C*, (Mgh,
Msb,) like as J& is of Ju. (Msb.) You say,
jtf\ t *-Cl yj*'£t J*[Ue built his house

m

*«/cA as is termed]

^-.1 The kair of the pubes: (M,£:) or of
the pudendum: (Th, M, YL:) or of the podex:
(S, ^:) it may be, (S,) or is said to be, (M,)
from s^~. >p , (S, M,) which signifies " lierbnge,"
or " plants," (S,) or " abundance of herbage :"
(M:) the ^ being changed into ., as in the wise

1 * X * * 1 1

of w»jl and w>jj : (S :) pi. v^- 1 * "ml> accord, to

IJ, 4»-T. (M.)

A ram having much wool. (M, K.)

[final] ^ of L ^J» into O, making this word w-
is a mistake ; for, were it so, the hemzeli of Cwl
would be disjunctive [in every case ; whereas it is
always conjunctive except after a pause, when
it is pronounced with kesr] : moreover, he has
attributed this assertion to AZ, who never made
it, but only mentioned j*jJI C~<t with jAjJt J-l
lieeauso of their agreement in meaning. (TA.)
-—[Hence also,] aJ&I w—.I f Calamity, or mm-
fortune: (K:) adversity; difficulty; distress;
affliction : (TA :) what is huted, disliked, dump-
pro red, foul, abomi liable, or evil. (K.)_And
O^oJ' wl t The desert : (K :) or /Ac w/ifc desert.
(TA.)__Scc also art. «L,

S •! | *j

^jwl The mtr/i of cloth ; (K;) as also ^jwl

and ^jjl : (TA :) but it is improprly mentioned
in this art. ; for it is [originally ^>wl,] of the

t,l

measure jyel. (K.)

i .

(^jwl Of, or relating to, the

Aw.)

iU-l

I. (TA in art.

I, signifying The podex, or the anus, (K,)
or signifying the former, and sometimes used as
meaning the latter, (S in art. «!-<,) is with a con-
junctive hemzch, [written wwl, when not imme-
diately preceded by a quiescence,] and its final
radical letter is elided ; for the original form is Aw ;
(Msb;) and it is mentioned in art. aw. (K.)
[It is of the fern, gender.] It is said in a prov.,
applied to him who fails of attaining the object
that he seeks, S^UJt Awl olU.1 [If is anus

missed the hole in the ground]. (Meyd.)

[Hence,] jXji\ Owl t The first, or beginning, of
time; (A ;) old, or ancient, time. (IB, A,*K.*)
One says, Uy*^ >kjJI OwT ^A* Jlj U J [He
ceased not, or has not ceased, from the beginning
of time, or from old time, to be insane, or mad ;
or] he always was, or always lias been, known as
being insane, or mad : like as one says, ^1 ^it
yLjJI. (AZ,S.) And Aboo-Nukheyleh says,

ilwl a foreign word, pronounced to lie such
liocuiiso ^> and i do not occur in uny one Amine
word, (Malt,) not found in the poetry of the pugau
times, (Ibn-l)ihveh in TA art. Jwv,) nor in the
language of those times, (Shift el-Cihalccl, ibid.,)

[arabicized from the Persian jU-l,] A master :
(MF :) a skilful man, who is held in high estima-
tion: (Msb:) a preceptor; a tutor; a teacher :
a criiftsmaster : (Ilm-l)ihych; and Golilli on the

authority of Meyd :) [and so in the present day ;

-.1 . .1

as also Iwt and Uswt :] also applied by the vulgar

to a eunuch ; because he generally tutors children :

(Shift el-Ghalcel, and Ibn-Dihyeh :) pi. o^ilwl

t .i % * * i

(liar p. 377) [and JwLI and »JJL>I ; and vul-

i • •*••?"•• «*f •!

garly, in the present day, Oly— I and Ol>kwt].

Jj-wl

Jj-I-I : sec art. J^i, in which, and in art. Jjw,
it is mentioned : but this is its proper place, if it
be an arabicized word : in tho T it is mentioned
in art. Jj^~w.

Jwl

1. jJ, (S, M, A, K,) aor. '- , (Ij:,) inf. n. Jwl,
(TA,) J He (a man, M) was, or became, like a
lion, (S, M, A, £,) in kit boldness, (A,) and his

Book I.]

other dispositions ; (S, A , TA ;) as also ▼ .x-U-l ;
(M, A, K ;) [and * jJ& ; (sec ju.1 ;)] 4»* to-
wards him, or against him. (A.) You say
J*-^' Ot* **■ [^ '""* oear * n 9 evidence of being
like a lion in boldness] : an cxtr. phrase, like
iJiaJI *~j ii— ; (TA ;) which is [said to be] the
only other instance of the kind. (TA in art. J>»..)
[Hence the saying,] J--I »> lijj .**» J^O '*'
J[ WA*k Ac comes in, he is like a lynx; and when
he goes out, he is like a lion : see .**»]. (S, from
a trad.) You say also, a^U jb-l meaning t He
became emboldened against him ; (TA ;) as also
t j*, U-,1. (S, Msb, K.) And t He was, or be-
came, angry with him : (M, L, K :') or (so
accord, to the M and L, but in the K " ami,")
behaved in a. light and hasty manner, or foolishly,
or ignorantly, towards him. (M, L, It.*) —
jbJ, (S, K,) nor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n.,
(TA,) also signilies f He (a man, S) became,
stnpijicd (S, K) by fear (S) at seeing a lion. (S,
K.) Thus it has two contr. meanings. (K.)^
jL\, aor. - , i.q. i-- [+ He bit another Kith his
teeth, 1 1 he as does the beast of prey : or he reviled,
vilified, or vituprratcd, another; charged him
with a rice or fault or the like; or assailed hirn
with foul language, such as displeased him]. (K.)
_ See also 4.

2 : sec 4.

4. '.j~T, (S, M, M«b,K.) or jlllW ijJl, (A>)
inf. n. jVl»l ; (TA ;) and tjMjt, (S^K,) in which
the I [i. c. the second I, for »>-» is originally
ejM*li,] is changed into ^ ; (S;) and t •Jwtfj (K;)
J 7/« incited him (namely a dog) <o r/ic o/uj*c.
(S, M, A, Msb, K.*) — y^Ol o^t jJ 1 ^/«
incited the dogs to attach one another. (A.) And
^jiUI ,>rf jl-.I, (S, M, A, L, Msb,) inf. n. jl—jl ;
(Msb ;) or t JJ|, nor. ; ; (K ;) I J/e ««•/<<*/
discord, dissension, disorder, strife, quarrelling,
or animosity, between, or among, the people, or
company of men. (S, M, A, L, Msb, K.)=
'Jeli\ jJ\ Jle journeyed with energy ; syn. »>L»t ;
(1J,M;) from whieh it is probably formed by
transposition. (M.)

5 : sec 1.

10. «*-U-l lie culled a lion. (M.) = See 1,
in two places. — + Jle became accustomed, or
habituated, [to a thing, as a dog to the chase,]
and emboldened; syn. Jj/«©. (Msb.)__ti< (a
plant, or herbage,) became strong, and tangled, or
luxuriant : (S :) or became tall and large : or
grew to its utmost height : (M :) or attained its
full growth, and became tangled, or luxuriant,
(M,) and strong : (TA :) or became tall, and dry
(,_i»- [perhaps a mistake for o£JI, as in the S
and M,]) and large, (A, TA,) and sj>read every
waif : (A :) or became tall, and attained its full
growth. (K.)«.i- jLl (K, TA, [or J-j^l,]
in the CK j-.iy.A) t He (a man, TA) was, or
became, excited, roused, provohed, (»-**» K, TA,
in the CK LZ*,) or incited. (TA.)

j^l [The lion ;] a certain beast of prey, (M,
Hk. I.

T A,) well known: (M,A,Msb,K:) IKh and
others have mentioned more than five hundred
names for it ; and it is said to have a thousand
names [in the Arabic language ; but these, with
few exceptions, are epithets used as substs.] :

(TA :) pi. [of pauc] jlt\ (S, K [in the TA

• * H . • i • i ■ • i
with two hemzehs, ju-11, which is the original

form, but deviating from the regular pronuncia-
tion,]) and JCl (S, M, K) and [of mult.] \^.\
(S,M,M 9 b,K) and III (S) and JJLt, (S, M,
Msb, K,) the last two of which are contractions

4 - I I

of the form next preceding them, (S,) and o'-*— ''
(K) and tjj^U, (Msb, K,) the last called by
some a pi., but [rightly] said by others to be
a quasi-pi. n. : (TA :) the female is called »^-l ;
(AZ,Ks,S;M, A,Msb,K;) or III is applied
to the male and the female, and sometimes the
femalc is called Sjuil. (Msb.) — lju.1 Ai« C~*l
is a phrase [meaning I found him to be a man
of exceeding boldness ; being] expressive of an
intensive degree of boldness. (Mughnce in art.

,_>.) jj/^l t The. constellation IjCO. (Kzw, &c.)

[See tlJjJI.] And \Th* star Cor Leonis, or

llegulus. (Kzw, &c.) [Sec iy-jfJI.J

57

or a land abounding with lioni: (M>^ : ) P'*

• -»

jl-U. (A.) — Sec also jl-I

jwU* :
• I., >

sec

-I

j—l J [Like a lion;] bold; daring; as also
t^-l and tllvio' [and * ju-U-J (see 10)].
(Msb.) You say j—l jtll [A bold, or fierce,
lion], adding the latter word to give intensiveness
of signification. (IAar, M.) — [Its fcm.] oj->\
[npp. applied to a bitch] signifies t Accustomed,
or Iwbituated, [to the chase,] and emboldened;
syn. i^U. (K, TA, in the CK i^U.) [See
also 10.]

sJujI A [hind of enclosure for the protection
of camels, sheep, or goats, such as is called] I jji^ .
(K.) [Like Sj^ol.] as [Sec also jwl, of which
it is the fern.]

S »l

■ Cj^.1, with damm, (IB, K,) thus correctly

' S .«

written, (IB,) in the L [and S] ^J-I, (TA,)

A kind of garments or cloths (yi^, S, for which
is put, in the K, erroneously, OlJ, TA) : occur-
ring in a poem of El-Hotciah, (S,) who likens
thereto an extensive, even, waterless desert (L.)
IB says that he is in error who mentions it in
the present art. : Aboo-'Alcc says that ^jl-I and
^JiJ\ are quasi-pls. of j_jj-< and ^~t as signifying
^ju-* vy > an< ^ originally ^Jt-I and (J^l ;
like as jy**\ is a quasi-pl. of j*o. (L.) [But see
art. ^Jm and ^a->-]

• « t J

j»-<l : see j-l.

S>t-I (S,K) and »jL,l (K) t. q. ijUj [^4 p»7/oro,
&c.] : (S, K :) like jllil for ^lij. (TA.)

j— iy> J One n'Ao trains a dog, or rfo^*, <o the
chase. (L, Msb.)

SjurfU A place in which are lions : (Msb, K :)
or 5j->U ^jl a ianrf having lions in it : (S, A :)

1. (pf, (S, M, A,) aor. - , inf. n. *jL\ (S, M, K)
and ]C\, (M,TA,) He bound, braced, or tied,
him, [namely, his captive,] or it, (S, M, A, K,)
namely, his ^SJ [or camel's saddle], (S, A,) or
his horse's saddle, (A,) with an jUI, i.e. a thong
of untamed hide, (S, A,) by tying the two ex-
tremities of the jti^J* °f t,,e came V' *addlc, or
of the curved pieces of wood of the horse's saddle.
(A.) — Also, aor. as above, and so the inf. n.,
i. e. ^ll (S, Msb) and JCl , (Lth, S,) He made
him a captive; captioed him; or took him a
prisoner; whether lie bound him with an jL>\
or did not ; (S ;) as also ♦ *j-1, of the same form
as>ji»l; (Msb;) and * aj-k->\, accord, to a
trail., in which it occurs thus used, transitively :
(Mgh :) and he imprisoned him. (TA, from a

trad.) Also, (S, Msb,) inf. n. jJ, (Msb,)

t Jle (God) created him, or formed him, (S,
Msb,) in a goodly manner. (Msb.) You say,
jl^t ^Lll\ 'm'*^>\ Ood created him, or formed

him, in the best manner. (Fr, TA.) — jJi, (S,
A,)aor.Jl£; (S;) or^J,aor.^.lJ; (IKU;) or
i£j-f; (M;) inf. n. Jlf, (M, and so in a
copy of the S,) or the latter is a simple subst. ;
(Iff, IKtt ;) He (a man, S, A) suffered sup^,rcs-

sion of hi* urine. (S, M, IKtt, A.) [Sec ]L\,
below.]

[2. jl\ He bound, or tied, tight, fast, or
firmly. (So accord, to Golius; but for this he
names no authority.)]

4 : see 1.

5. £f$S ZSs. jl*0 + Such a one excused himself
to him, and was slow, or tardy : ( AZ, T, K :*)
thus as related by Ibn-Hance from AZ : as
A'Obeyd relates it from him, ^U; but this is a
mistake : it is correctly with j. (T.)

8. i-iw, inf- "• \C& [written with the dis-
*^ ■ . ' ' a- . *t'tT

junctive alif jt-il] ; for r~i, inf. n. jU*l : see

art. j~*.

10. "jjjJb ^U-l He submitted himself as a
captive to the enemy. (Mgh.) You say, jft-\,
meaning Be thou a cajHive to mc. (S.) = Sce
also 1.

£ll t. q. JCl, q. v. (S.) Hence the saying,
tjLii JJU i'Jil\ »I* This thing is for thee, or is
thine, [lit.] with its thong of untanned hide
rwhercwith it is bound]; meaning, altogether;
like as one says, *^. (S.) And »^-W *^*»
Take thou it all, or altogether. (Msb.) And
^k^Xt >yUI &>■ The people came altogether.

(Aboo^-Bekr.) Strength of tnake, or form. (M,

K.) [Accord, to the copies of the K in iny
liands, it also signifies Strength of natural dis-
position ; but instead of J&JI.}, >n those copies,

8

58

we should read JJUJIj, agreeably with other
lexicons, as is implied in the TA : see 1.] You
say, JUJ1 j^>\ Jujii J& I Such a one is of
strong, firm, or compact, make, or form. (TA.)
— v***- 1 iJJJki, in the Klur [lxxvi. 28], means
t We have strengthened their make, or form :
(S, A, Msb :) or, their joints : or, their two
sphincters which serve as repressers of the urine
and feces (iulalbj J^JI j^j^a*), which contract
when the excrement hai passed forth ; or the
meaning j g , that these two things do not become
relaxed licfore one desires. (IAar, K!.)

]L\, (S, M, IKtt, A,) a subst., (M, IKtt,) as

also ~j*\, (M, Lb,) meaning Suppression of the

urine : (S, M, &c. :) suppression of the feces

is termed j-o*. : (S :) or a dribbling of the urine,

with a cutting pain in the bladder, and pangs

like those of a female in the time of parturition.

-_. v _ i» l > . . t

(IAar.) You say, j-r^l ajui.1 [Suppression of

urine, &c, tooh him, or affected him]. (A.) And

\j*\ aDI <OUI [May Ood give him a suppression
of urine, &c] : a form of imprecation. (A.)

Hence, (M,) JL\ \£ (IAar, S, M, A, K) and

••I • j # J j ,

j~\ }y* and j-.'jll j^e (Expositions of the Fs)

• j * j *
and ^-^ i^c, (IAar, K,) or this is a corruption,

(K,) or a vulgar mistake, (A,) and should not

be said, (Fr, S, A,) unless meant to be used as

ominous of good, (A,) A stick, or piece of wood,

which is put upon the belly of a man affected by

a suppression of his urine, (S, A, K, &c.,) and

which cures him. (A.)

•«i ••{

jmi\ : see j-»l.

5j-(l + A man's kinsmen that are more, or most,
nearly related to him ; his near kinsmen : (S,*
M, A,* Msb,* K :) or a man's nearer, or nearest,
relations on his father's side : (Aboo-Jaafar En-
Nahhas :) so called because he is strengthened
by them. (S, A.)

j*\ — O-t

(M, K :) the first of these forms of pi. is proper

to epithets applied to those who are hurt or

afflicted in their bodies or their intellects : (Aboo-

Is-hak:) it is used in this instance because a

captive is like one wounded or stung. (Th, M.)

• * * *** t

KJ~ " J*?^ [™ the CK, erroneously, ^~<U]

The thongs of the horse's saddle, whereby it is
bound : (K :) accord, to the more correct opinion,
a pi. without a sing. (MF.)

• it. « <

j>-U: seej--l. A camel's saddle bound with

an jU: pi. j^U. (TA.) — |A man, and a
beast, having strongly-hnit joints. (M.)__A
man suffering suppression of his urine. (8.)

• .ti •< t .», »i
wOjJxwl or t^^yJLrtl, [accord, to different copies

of the K,] and with ,>> in the place of ^a,
[from the Greek a<rrpo\a$ov, An astrolabe : a
word of which F gives the following fanciful
derivation :] ^j^ was a .man who traced some
lines, and founded upon them calculations; whence
^,-j ^lu(l [the lines of Lab], from which was
formed the compound word ySi u -I, and
^Njjk^jt, the ^yt being changed into ^ because
of the J» following. (K in art. jjl.) It is either
an arahicized or a post-classical word : accord, to
the Nihdyet cl-Adab, the names of all the instru-
ments by which time is known, whether by means
of calculation or water or sand, arc foreign to the
Arabic language. (MF.)

[Book I.

Kur [xii. 84], means »\*'jL C [O my grief for
Joseph : or O my most violent grief]. (TA.)

4. aa-,1 (in [some of] the copies of the K,
erroneously, i/Ll, TA) He angered him ; made
him angry ; (S, M,» O, L, Msb, K. :) and he
grieved him; made him to grieve, or lament. (M, #
TA.)

> > - » . it.

5 : see 1, in two places. __ eju c-ilu J i. a.
C*juJ [app. meaning His hand became bruised,
or mangled; or became cracked, or chapped].
(M,TA.)
• -* .

»_i-l inf. n. of 1, which see throughout. [Used

■ •» *'

as a subst., i. q. UUt.J

>JL,I (M, Mgh, Msb) and * wi-l and ▼ ,jU-l
and *uL-l (M, TA) and t J^f (M) Angry:
(Mgh, Msb, TA :) or exceedingly angry. (M.)
For an ex. of the first, see 1. Sec also JL-I, in
two places.

• . ti

see

I : and

jL<l A thing with which one binds; (M, K;)
a thong of unt united hide, (S, A, Msb,) with
which one binds a camel's saddle, (As, S,) [as
also jLsl ,] and a captive ; and so j->\, q. v. :
(§ :) and a rope, or cord, with which a captive
is bound ; and a pair of shackles : (TA :) pi.

*ji\. (M, K:.) [See also 1.] You say, ',jL\ JU-
AiLfc'j He untied his thong of unt mined hide
wherewith he was bound, and released him. (A.)
oai See also jft.

jt*\ i. q. 'jj-U; (S, TA ;) Bound with an

jCy. (M, TA:) shackled: ($:) imprisoned :

(Mujuhid, M, K! :) captived, or a captive; (S,

M, K ;) absolutely, (TA,) although not bound

with an jL<l : (S :) and * jL»l is sometimes used

in the same sense. (Msb.) ^1 is also applied as

an epithet to a woman, (Mgh, Msb,) when the

woman is mentioned ; but otherwise «t«->l is used

i /. "tit.. '

as the fern. : you say, S^-,^1 oJU3 [J slew the

female captive], like as you say, iUiJI J^\j.

(M ? b.) The pi. is yJjLs (S, M, Msb, $) and

»**—•* (M, Kl) and (accord, to several authors, pis.

of J^\, TA) JjC\ (S, M, Msb, Kl) and ^JCl :

1. uud, aor. - , inf. n. Jt-ii, (M, Msb, K,) 7/c
grieved, lamented, or regretted : and A« wai any»7 :
(Msb:) or /«c grieved exceedingly: and Ac w<m
exceedingly angry : (M :) or Ae grieved most
intensely : (K :) some say that «jLj signifies the
grieving for a thing that has escaped ; not in an
absolute sense: (MF:) or it properly signifies
the rising, or swelling, or mantling, of the blood
of the heart, from desire of vengeance ; and when
this is against an inferior, it is anger; but when
against a superior, it is grief. (Er-ltaghib.) Mo-
hammad, being asked respecting sudden death,
answered, saying, ji\&) ^A.,1 SJ^Ij ,>e£JU <U-|J,
or accord, to one recital, ♦ <Ju<t, i. e. [Rest, or
ease, to the believer, and an act of punishment] of
anger [to the unbeliever], or of one who is angry.
(KL.) You say, *5U U ^z JLl, inf. n. as above;
(S;) and t^iltf; (S,M,»Kl';») He grieved, or
lamented, for, or at, or regretted, most intensely,
what had escaped him : (S, M,*K :) and <*lu iju.1,
(S, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) Ac was angry with
him, or at it : (S, K :) or \J£s . J* rfjj ti_)
I j^>j > and " ou.13, signify, accord, to some, *mcA
a one grieved, or lamented, for, or at, *mcA and
such things which had escaped him : or, accord,
to others, grieved, or lamented, most intensely.

9 .1

(IAmb.) Li — .1 in the 'K.ur xviii. 5 means, accord,
to Ed-Dahhak, Uj*. [i. e. Zn jrrj'e/, or in most
violent grief, &c] : or, accord, to ]£atadeh, in

oU (S, M, Sgh, kc.) and oCl (IAth,K) X
certain idol, (S, M, K,) belonging to Kmeysh, (S,
M,) as was also iA5li ; (S ;) the former of which
was placed, by 'Amr Ihn-Lokei, ujmn Es-SafA,
and the latter upon El-Miirweh ; and he used to
sacrifice to them, in front of the A'anbrh : (S, K:)
or, (S, M, K,) as some assert, (S,) these two were
two persons of J ur hum, (S,K,) a man and a
woman, (M,) «JL-I the son of 'Amr, anil iCli
the daughter of Sahl, (S, K,) who committed
fornication in the Kaqheh, and were therefore
changed into two stones, (S, M,K,) which Kureysh
afterwards worshipped. (S, Ki.) [Other accounts
of them are also given, slightly differing from the
latter above.]

Oj_it : sec

I, in two places : and sec JLl.

-I Grieving, lamenting, or regretting, (K,*
TA,) most intensely, on account of a thing that
has escaped : (M, TA :) and quickly nffirted with
tP^fi (?»Mgh, K,) and tender-hearted; sis also
* <-»>-! : (S, K :) or, as also * oyll (M) and
t &<& and t JL7 (M, TA) and * JLl, (M,)
grieving exceedingly : (M :) or grieved': (TA :)
and sometimes the first signifies angry, and at the
same time grieving, or lamenting : (S :) pi. l\0^\.
(M.) See also JLf. — A slave : (ISk.S, M, £:)
and a hired man: (ISk, M, K :) because of their
state of abasement and subjection : fem. with » :

(M:) and pi. as above. (S, M.) A captive.

(TA.) — A very old man : (K. :) pi. as above :
so in a trad., in which the slaying of such is for-
bidden. (TA.) — One who scarcely, or never,
becomes fat. (KL.)_»tA region, or country,
that does not give growth to anything, or produce
any vegetation; as also <tt**l and t iiCl and
" S»UI : (M :) and * asUI also signifies f thin,
or shallow, earth : (AHn, M :) and U+A ,J!l,
I thin, or shallow, earth, which scarcely, or never,
gives growth to anything, or produces any vegeta-
tion : (S :) or which is not commended for its
vegetation: (A, TA:) or, as also tSiUI and

anger. (TA.) And jLy. ^ &f £, in the t aiUI, f thin, or shallow, earth i or such as doe*

Book I.]

• - » «»*

not produce vegetation : and " ii-l ^j 1 + * an< *

rr/i ir A scarcely, or n«tw, produce* vegetation. (K.)

i>L/l [Grief, lamentation, or regret: and an*7er:
(see 1 :) or] excessive grief: and excessive anger :
(M :) or mort tnfwwe </rt**/" ; ( K a Bubst - from
JUL. (M,K.) — The state, or condition, of a
skive: (M,K:) and, of a hired man. (M.) —
t The state, or condition, of land which scarcely,
or never, produces vegetation. (K, TA.) ■= Sec
kJu-l, in three places.

sec wwl, in two places.

uu»l: see

and <JL<1.

.Ijui-I

uIjl* A [Ceruse; or while lead;] ashes of lead

C - * ^ 3 <#
(<tli^U \jj^mj>\ all), K, which last word is as
though it were added to explain that immediately
preceding, TA) : when subjected to a fierce heat,
it becomes what is termed »-Jj-<l : [ B0 in the CK :
more probably *>>»t :] it has clcanng and miti-
gating properties, (K,) and other useful qualities :
(TA:) an arabicized word [from the Persian
-.Ij^Ll isfeduj]. (K.)

1. l^£ll, aor. ; , inf. n. A-l, He kit, hurt, or
wounded, Iter (a woman's) ^llC-l. (TA.) And

CJtJi Site (a woman) was hurt, or wounded, in a
place not that of circumcision, [i. c, in her
^UJLd,] by the circumcising woman's missing the
proper place. (Msb.) [See >!*/.]

Jill

Jul- >-l

3£syJl» A woman Ait, hurt, or wounded, in
her (jtX-l : (TA :) a woman (Msb) hurt, or
wounded, in a place not that of circumcision, by
the circumcising woman's missing the proper
place; (S, Msb.K;) [i.e.,] hurt, or wounded,
by that cause, in Iter ^UJdl. (T, TA.)

see

OU£-}»

All: sec ,jlijLNI._Al8o The side of the

_l [i. c., of the podex, or of the anus]. (Sh,
* # ■ j • * t #s

TA.) [Hence,] one says of a man, i*l jUI yk l*JI,

meaning lie is but a stinking fellow. (TA.)

jC&y (T, S, M, Mgh, Sgh, Msb, K) and
^Uilf"^!, (M,K,) The two «7fe* [oriotta ro/y'ora]
o/" f Ae vtdva, or external portion of the female
organs of generation, (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) i. c., of
a woman, above [or rather within] tlte oljii;
(Mgh ; the <J\jl& being the two borders thereof;
T, Msb ;) i. e. die 0^«*» thereof; (S and M and
L in art. ji ;) the two sides, on the right and left,
of the vulva, or external portion of the organs of
generation, of a woman, between which is the
Jil : (Zj in his " Khalk el-Ins&n":) or [accord, to
some, but incorrectly,] the oIf*** [> n ^ Ie CK the
jt\ii] of the _^- j [here meaning, as in many ( other
instances, tlie vulva, i. e. «•>*], (M, K,) or of the

xL- [which also means the vulva, but seldom that
of a woman]: (El-Kharzenjcc :) or [agreeably
with general usage, and with the explanations
given before this last,] its two sides, next to its
/)tj££ : (M, K :) or, [what is the same,] its
^13 jj : (K :) pi. All (El-Kharzenjee, K) and
[quasi-pl. ns.] * All and t All. (M, K.)

J-l

Jl', aor. * , (S, M, K,) inf. n. Al'llf, (S, M,
IAth,) It was smooth and even : (M :) it (any-
thing) was lank : (S :) it (a cheek, M, IAth, K)
was smooth and long : (M :) or long, or oblong,
and not high in its ball : (IAth :) or long, (K,
TA,) soft in make, (TA,) and lank. (K, TA.)
iiCl in the cheek of a horse is approved, and is
an indication of generous quality : you say, *g£
tjL. 4)1*1 A* »j*. illll [The smoothness and
longness, &c, of his cheek tells of the generous
origin of his ancestor]. (AO, Z.)^See also 2.

2. illl Ilemadc it (an iron tiling) thin. (TA.)
[He made it (anything) sharp, or pointed. (Sec
the pass. part, n., below.)] __pa«Jt J->l, inf. n.
Je-U, The rain moistened to the measure of the

aju-l [or thin part] of the arm. (K.) When it
has moistened to the measure of the a, he [or
thick part] of the arm, you say of \tjis-, inf. n.
one says, >l cJLul >A "jj"* c~jl£» *-*~=>

[How was your rain ? Did it moisten to
the measure of the thin part of the arm, or did it
moisten to the measure of the thick part thereof?].

(TA.) And ijjLu jlf, (TA,) or » jl/l, (M, [so
in a copy of that work, but probably a mistran-
scription,]) The moisture reached to the measure

ofthe!jJ\. (M,TA.)

5. »\/\ jib, (M, K,) as also Lib, (M, TA,)
He resembled his father, (M, IK, TA,) and as-
sumed his natural dispositions; and so aI^aj.
(TA.) [See JllT, below.]

jwl [Rush, or rushes: so called in the present
day :] a hind of trees : (S :) or [rather] a kind
of plant, (M, Mgh, TA,) having sltoots (M, Mgh)
which are slender, (Mgh,) without leaves; (M,
Mgh ;) or of which the shoot is slender, and of
which sieves are made ; as is said in the A ; and
Sgh adds, [growing] in El- Irak : (TA :) AHn
snys, (TA,) accord, to Aboo-Ziyad, it is of the

f #1

kind called &JM, ami comes forth in slender
shoots, not having branches growing out from
them, nor wood, (M,TA,) and sometimes men
beat them, ami make of them well-ropes and
other cords, (TA,) and it seldom or never grows
but in a place wherein is water, or near to water :
(M, TA :) AHn says [also], it signifies shoots,
or twigs, growing (M, K) long and slender and
straight, (M,) without leaves; of which mats are
made : (M, K :) or aill, (K,) which is the n. un.
of jl»l applied to the plant mentioned above,
(M, K,) signifies any shoot, or twig, in which
is no crookedness. (K.) — Hence, (M,) J Spears ;
(S, M . K ;) as being likened to the plant men-
tioned above, in respect of its evenness and length
and straightness and the slenderness of its ex-
tremities : n. un . as above : (M :) and t arrows,

59

or Arabian arrows ; syn. J~i ; (M, K :) applied
to both of these in a trad, of 'Omar, which refutes
an assertion that it is peculiarly applied to spears,
or long spears, and not to Jw : (A 'Obcyd, TA :)
Sh says that it is applied to spears because of the
points of the heads fixed upon them. (TA.) —
t Any thin thing of iron, such as a spear-head, and
a sword, and a knife. (TA.) — J The prickles of
palm-trees: (M,K:) n. un. as above: (M :)
by way of comparison [to the plant mentioned
above] : (TA :) or any long thorns, or prickles,
of a tree. (?.)_ [See also what next follows.]

aill'l n. un. of jll, q. v. (M,K.) — Hence,
by way of comparison, tho significations here
following from the K. (TA.) — I Anything in
which is no crooltedness. (M.) — J The thin
part of a blade of iron, such as that of an arrow
&c. : (M, K :) and of the fore arm ; (S, M, K ;)
i. c. the half thereof next tlte hand; the half

* sf * _ _

next the elbow being called the 1, h e. (K in

art. ^^i*.) t The thin part, (S,) or extremity,

or tip, (M,K,) of the tongue; (S,M,K;) the

thick part thereof being called the iji*. (K in

1 . * tf • # ft s_t »f

art. jjo*.) One says, ±y> \jo*\ jmry-^^ «-tt-l

^lyJlll iLl J [The tips of their tongues are sharper
titan titt ''heads of their spears]. (A, TA.) —
t The nervus, (K,) or the extremity thereof, (M,)

of a camel. (M, K.) t The head, [or what we

term the toe, or foremost extremity, also called
JEl and ajlii,] of a sandal ; (M, K;) which is
tapering. (M.)

<ULlt an epithet applied to die letters j and tr .
and sjo because Pronounced with the tip of the
tongue. (TA.)

J--i Smooth and even : (M, K :) anything
lank; (S, A ;) syn. Ill, (A,) [i.e.] J-jili:
(S, A :) applied to a cheek, ( AZ, K, TA,) [smooth
and long : or long, or oblong, and not high in
its ball : (see 1 :) or] soft, tender, thin, and even :
(AZ :) or long, (K, TA,) soft in make, (TA,)
and lank. (K, TA.) You say j-L)l J*-l JVJ
A man having the cheek soft and long : (S :) and
in like manner, ^ji a horse. (TA.) And w*£>
«jUo"i)l iXtf-l A hand small and slender, and
lank, or long, in the fingers. (TA.)

Jill a pi. having no sing. : (K :) mentioned
by ISk as a word of which he had not heard any
sing. (S.) You say, a^I o* JllT ^ yl [in
the CK, erroneously, JL.1,] He is of a semblance
and of cltaracteristics and natural dispositions
which are those of his father ; (S, ^ ;) like

C\. (S.)

*

jl^l Anything sharpened, or pointed. (M,
K.) You say iilji oil An ear [of a horse
or die like] slender, pointed, and erect. (M.)

1. aIIi a dial. var. of <w--> q- ▼• (TA.)
jr ,\ : see art. yo—.

illll, determinate, (S, M, K,) and imperfecUy
decl., (M,Msb,) as a proper name, (Msb.K,)

00

The lion;
<§gh,&.)

(§, M, Msb, $ ;) as also iiC^I.

(j>-'

L c^l «>r. -' (?, M, Mgh, Msb, $) and ; ,
(8,M,£,) inf. n. oy** (9,M,M ? b) and &L\;
(M ;) and ,>,!, aor. - , (§, M, &c.,) inf. n. ,>,* ;
(8, M, Msb ;) said of water, t. q. ^1 and ,j».\ ;
(8> £ ['• ••] It became altered for the worse
(M, Mgh, Msb) in odour, (M,) [or in taste and
colour, from some suck cause as long standing,
(see t>*.l,)] but mas drinkable; (M;) or so as not
to be drunk, (Msb, TA,) thus differing from ^L\
andj^l. (TA.) [See also J^f.]

• «

^y-> I : see what follows.

C^T (S, Mgh, Msb, £) and t^J, (S, Mgh,
Msb,) applied to water, (S, Mgh, &c.,) i. o. J,».T
[and ^1] ; (8, $ ;) [i. e.] Altered for the morse
(Mgh, Msb) in ot/owr, (Mgh,) [or in taste and
colour, from some such cause as long standing,
but drinkable; (see above, and see O^T;)] or
so as not to be drunk, (Msb, TA,) thus differing
from o*\ and ^f : (TA :) pi. [of die formerl
OW [like U8jl»il is pi. of ^*U», or perhaps it
may have for ite sing. &L\, like &*■*]. (M, TA.)
^>-l j*t. ;U ,>*, in tlie $ur [xlvii. 10], is ex-
plained by Fr as meaning Of mater not altered
for the morse ; not v >*.f. (TA.)

J- ^tJI W, («"■• >-W; S,) inf. n. ya\ and
U*l, [but in the 8, the latter seems to be men-
tioned as a simple subst.,] He dressed the mound;
treated it curatively, or surgically. (S, M. K.)
— [Hence,] A*lfe ^J,, •) ^\ \j A + [7v tf , f,
an affair ofmhich the evil (lit. the mound) mill
not be remedied]. (S.)_ [Hence alao,]^^ C\,
(first per*. c£.», 8, Msb, inf.n. |1|, 8, M,) J ZTf
wmm/« ;>ear«, effected a reconciliation, or adjusted
a deference, betmeen them ; (8, M, Msb, $ ;)
as also^rf tJL\. (El-Muarrij, TA.)™^!

**• tr^> inf - n - & or xjfl, He grieved, or
mowW, (9,M,Msb,^,) 4u [/or Aim, or t<],
(M» ?») «nd ^w j^U [/or an affliction], and
i^W [/or «i'rA a one]. (8.) [This belongs to
the present art, and to art. ^\ ; but is distin-
guished in the M and # by being mentioned only
in the latter art. ; though the inf. n. is mentioned
in the $ in both arts.] Hence the saying, jUNI
l-^l £*.* [ Medicine dispels grief, or mourning].
(TA.)

\ Jrti t^l • **> 1. wsm '»U, (8, M, ?,) inf. n.

%. t.

*tf °i (?, £,) f. ff. •!>» [ITe exhorted him, or *n-
>t'n«f Attn, to be patient; to take patience ; or to
take example by, or console kimself by the example
of, him mho had suffered the like affliction] ; (8,
M, $, TA ;) saying to him, Wherefore dost thou
grieve^, or mourn, mhensuck a one is thine example
(<**V1)* >•«• fikat has befallen thee befell him,

and he mas patient ; therefore take thou example
by him and so be consoled (<y ,1»U). (TA.) You

^y* **"?•* • L *' >• e - ♦!>* [He exhorted him, or
enjoined him, to be patient, &c, by mentioning
an affliction that had befallen another; unless
« *! t<** t be a mistranscription for 3. ; .^ 4 i on

account of an affliction] ; as also t i(Ji, witli
medd. (TA.)

3. JW i^T, (8, Mgh,) inf. n. 5U>i, (S,
M, £,) / wmrfe Aim wy object of imitation
(tj3>-J), [meaning J made myself like him,] in
respect of my property : (8 :) or J made him an
object of imitation [mitk, or in respect of, my
property], I imitating his example, and he imi-
tating my example : (Mgh :) and ii£jj is a dial.
var.,^but of weak authority: (S, Mgh :) and
^Ul [alone] he made me an object of imitation
to him by giving me of his property [and thus
reducing himself to my condition in some degree
while in the same degree raising me to his] ; (Ham
p. 090 ;) and «e~ty [thus without a second .] /
make him the object of my omn imitation and so
share mith him my property : (Id p. 198 :) or
*JUrf »l-»l signifies he gave him of his property,
and made him an object of imitation in respect of
it : or only, of food sufficient for his mant ; not
of what is superabundant: (M,8L:) whence the

"ay'ng. v>? ^V) ^ O* ^f &.J &T^».J

w>U^ [May Ood have mercy on a man mho has

given of superabundance, ami imparted of food

only sufficient for his mant so as to make himself

equal mitk him to mhom he imparts of such food] :

(TA:) [and »L»I signifies he shared mith him:

and he mas, or became, equal with him: for]

t* # j

aUlj^JI occurs often in trads., signifying the

sharing mith another, or making another to share
with one, in tlie means of subsistence [.jr.] ; and
is originally [SUI^JI,] with . : also, the being, or
becoming, equal with another : (TA :) and you
Bay, ^ ..kii a^_I, meaning J made him equal mith
m y*elf; >n the dial, of El-Yomcn *^<t> (Msb.)
■i^fe-3 j_5* y-Ull i ^ ^t, in a letter of 'Omar,
means Make thou the people to share [alike], one
mith another, in thy consideration and regard :
or, as some say, make thou tltcm equal [in respect
thereof]. (Mgh.) The saying 0$ J,^i ^ij^ U
is explained in three different ways : accord, to
El-Mufaddal Ibn-Mohammad, it means Such a
one does not malte such a one. to share mith him :
accord, to El-Muarraj, does not good to such a
one ; from the saying of the Arabs, je*»v U^ yj>\
Ho thou good to such a one : or, as some say,
does not give such a one any compensation for his
love, or affection, nor for his relationship ; from
' •*,. *•* . a . i

(^"^l, meaning ^eyi\ ; being originally <u>)1& ,

tt «j -j -

then *y->\y_ , and then 4e»t£j : or it may be from

*>^JI >Z>y*\. (IDrd, TA.) [See also an ex. voce
SjJI.]
4. «L*t : see 2.

[Book I.

manner and had been patient]. (S, M, 1£.) You
^y. y (^y-13, i- e. y j^nJ [He took patience, or
constrained himself to be patient, by reflecting
upon him, or it ; or he took example by him, or
became consoled by his example, meaning the
example of a person who had suffered in like
manner and liad been patient]. (S.) [See 2.]

6. t^-tt signifies Uoo j^im t ^A [They imi-
tated one another with their property, one giving
of his projtcrty to another, so tliat they thus
equalised themselves; they imitated one another
and so shared together their property ; they
shared, one with another, in the means of subsist-
ence, ,fr. ; they mere, or became, equal, one mith
another : sec 3]. (S, K.) A ]>oet says,

* I^JlijI >l^fl) lyli £& •

(S,) in which l^-U is from i\L\£i\; not from
^ywUJI, as it is stated to be by Mbr, who says
that l^wtf means t>wty ami lj>*3. (IB, TA.)
[This verse is cited and translated in art. .Jl, voce

J\, q. v.]

8. <o ^j-iil [written with the disjunctive alif
^-il] He imitated him; followed his example;
did as he did, following his example, or taking
him as an example, an exemplar, a patient, or
an object of imitation ; he took example by him ;
(S, Mgh, Msb, TA ;) as also * * Jib: (Msb,
TA :) he made him an object of imitation (Sj_.l )

[to himself]. (M,K.) One My*, ,>* ^13 ^

5)-<L> Ai j_^J Do not thou imitate him who is not

* t'

for thee a [ft] object of imitation. (S, M.*)

Q. Q. 1. <o <t Z. ty .,A [I made him to imitate him,

to follow his example, or to take example by him;]

I made, him an example, an exemplar, a pattern,

or an object of imitation, to him : (M, ly :) from

I Aar : and if from »)~<NI, as he assert* it be, the

» i »' •- ... ' *»•-
measure of this verb is C~JLw, liko «^wji and

C .. ; .;. X t». ■ (M.)

n

t(

U»l or ^^1 Curative, or surgical, treatment.
(S.) [Sec the verb LA.] = Grief, or mourning.
(S,K.) [Sec the verb J-.I.]

t * **f

^1 : see O'* - '-

t

Also pi. of iyJ\ t like

(j-l Patience. (S.)
as ^1 is pi. of 5^,1. (S,»£,»TA.)

see what next follows.

lyl>l and t j^lt (8, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and

* »y~A, mentioned by Er-Raghib in one of his
works, (MF,) An example; an exemplar; a
pattern ; an object of imitation ; a person by
mhom one takes example ; syn. ijjS or Sj jS ; (8,
M, Msb, K ;) each a subst. from aj < j-Z>\ ; (Mgh ;)
i. e. <v iy-J^> U : (TA :) explained by Er-Raghib
as meaning the condition in mhic.h is a man in
respect of another's imitating [him], whether
good or bad, pleasing or hurtful: (TA:) also
example of, another mho had suffered in like a thing [or person] by which one mho is

5. ^j-U : see 8 1, q. lk J)*i [He took pa-
tience; or constrained himself to be patient; or
he took example by, or became consoled by the

Book I.]

in grief, or mourning, takes example, (S, £,)
for the being consoled (^^JiiU) thereby: (8:)
pi. ^1 and ,^1 ; (S, £ ;) the former of the
first sing., and the latter of the second. (TA.)
The first of these meanings is intended in the
saying, 5,1,1 ^"^i ^ ^J and ly\ [I have in
such a one an example, &c.]. (S.) The saying,

vlpi '***[ •>j^' v>f ylP' <sy, ^ xs tr °P ical »

meaning t There is nothing but the dust of the
earth, or ground, that follows the dust. (Mgh.)
_ Also an inf. n., [or rather a quasi-inf. n.,] syn.

with £1^1 [inf. n. of 8]. (TA.)

O'y 1 Grieving, mourning, or sorrowful; (M,
K ;) as also J>l^-I and ♦ ^1, (M in art. ^I,) or
tyJl, (K in art. .-#1, [to which alone the first
of these three belongs, but the second and third
may be regarded as belonging either to that art.

or to the present,]) or t ^|. (Mfb.) [Sec art.
j_j«»1.] It is [sometimes] followed by ,jlyl [as
an imitative sequent corroborating its meaning].
(M.)

ft-l and ♦^-»1 A medicine, or remedy; (S, M,
JC ;) the latter, (S,) or each, (TA,) particularly
a vulnerary : (S, TA :) pi. [of each, as is indicated

in the TA,] 1^-T. (M, £.) The former is also

a pi. of ^J. (S,M,£.)

y->\ : sec what next precedes.

^J i. q. *^li ; (S, M, K ;) i. e., Dressed;
or treated curdtively, or surgically; applied to a
wound. (S, M .*) = See also o'y -1 -

ij\li\ Medical, curative, therapeutical, [or sur-
gical,] treatment. (lbn-Kl-Kclbce,Sgh,K.) By
rule it should be [SjCl,] with kesr. (Sgh, TA.)

u*\ A physician; one skilled in medical, cura-
tive, therapeutical, [or surgical,] treatment [par-
ticularly of wounds] : pi. iLA and tL»1 ; (S, M,
K ;) said by IJ to be the only instance of iiii
and JU» interchangeable except ilt, and ;Uj pis.
of clj : (M :) and Oy^ occurs [as its pi.] in a

verse of Hoteiah. (8, TA.) With the people

of the desert, ($,) [its fern.] i~»t signifies I A
female circumciser [of girls], (S, £ : [mentioned
in the latter in art. ^I-]) » See also o'.J-''-

^1 or of £*f] lJU (M,$) and [of ^t]

oW->- (?)

S ;

i»«il : ) see above.

a^Jt, mentioned in this art. in the ^ : see ^1
in art. yJi.

i ■ ii fi

1. «& aor. , , (M, K,) inf. n. ^,(Jf, TA,)
He mired it. (M, £.) ^ And J.^1 c-lil ; (S ;)
or ♦ J'"/ ', inf. n. ^-«i«0 ;. (TA ;) J winced Me

*U : see ^^t.

,1

1. u»>> aor. j^y-W? '"'• n - u"! or «'( -"c
grieved, or mourned, (S, M, Msb, ?,) <uU [^br
Ai?» or it]. (M, £.) See art. yA.

ijj, [agreeably with analogy, as part. n. of

J-',] (M,) or t^T, (?,) or t ^J, (M f b,) and

t oC'» ( M »$>) B dial - *■»• of O'S-'j ( TA » [*•

art. y\,]) Grieving, mourning, or sorrowful:
(M, M;b, K :) fern, [of the first, or second,]
XJ\, (M,) or L-t, (K,) and [of oW] &Cl
(M, £) and .III : (TA :) pi. [of oW-H O^C'
(M, K) and O^ 1 " 1 [ w ''ich is extr. and somewhat
doubtful] (K) and [of iil«-l] ooC« and [of

peogle together. (S,TA.) — Also, aor. as above,
(S,K,) and'-, (K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) t He
charged him with a vice, fault, or the like;
blamed, censured, or reprehended, him : (S, 1£ :)
or he aspersed, reviled, or reproached, him, and
mixed up falsehood in his aspersion of him. (TA.)
You say also, ^ *ii>! [i. e. ^i/ or ^A>] t He
cast upon him a stigma, or mark of dishonour, by
which he became hnown : (Lh, TA :) or he cast
a censure, or reproach, upon him, and involved
him in it. (TA.) = jllll ^r», aor. : , (A,$,)
inf. n. ^i'l ; (TA ;) and * ^JLll ; (IjL ;) or olt»
iixIiJI ; (S ;) Tlie collection of trees, or the thicket,
was, or became, dense, tangled, confused, inter-
twined, or complicated: (S, K :) or very dense, or
much tangled or confused, so as to be impassable.

( AHn, A.) [Hence,] J£* J&£» ^~» 1 5TA««>

speech, one with another, became confused, or
intricate. (TA.) _ And ^ >Lt ^1 ^i7
c/ai-c to the ignoble. (A.)

2. iJ,i, inf. n. ^-eitl, 2?« rendered it (a
collection of trees) dense, tangled, confused, inter-
twined, or complicated. (K.) —j>^&\ C*>-l :
see 1. —j^-tt >*^J' «,*-• t He made their
speech, one with another, confused, or intricate.
(TA.) —.J^t ^1)1 ^-il t He occasioned con-
fusion, discord, or mischief, between them. (Lth.)

And hence, (TA,) w~i-li signifies also The e«-
Cf<»»(7 discord\ dissension, disorder, strife, quar-
relling, or animosity, (S,K,TA,)>p ^^ between,
or among, a people. (S, TA.)

5. *,*£b : see 1 tj**U t 7%f^ were, or

became, mixed, or confounded together; as also
♦ tj/'*'l [written with the disjunctive alift^JJt].
(S, ^L.) — \Thcy assembled, or congregated, them-
selves (A,^) /rom different parts; (TA ;) as
also * l^-ilSl. (£.) And y 1I^J.U 1 27«ey dw
themselves together to him, (JC, TA,) and crowded
densely upon him ; or collected themselves together
to him, and surrounded him. (TA.)

8 : see 5, in two places.

^1\ inf. n. of 4~i>*. (TA.) [Hence,] Co»-

fusedneu; dubiousness: so in the saying, c^-i>

^«l$> &* %i* V; »•«• w-V^T^i- (S.)
See art. ^j^.^Also An abundance of trees.
(TA.) In a trad, of Ibn-Umm-Mektoom, ^1

Iff + +* 4*1 *#B*m ♦* • # # J> .

jll«JI ^J ^ ^Oliy* ^,-il Jtgy ^ XJ"* J*-J
^JUIj means Verily I am a blind man, [and]

61

between me and thee are palm-trees confusedly
disposed; therefore grant thou me indulgence
with respect to [coming to thee to perform the
prayers of] the nightfall and the daybreak. (£>*
MF, TA.)

4--I Dense, tangled, confused, intertwined,
or complicated ; applied to a collection of trees :
(S, TA :) or so dense, or so much tangled or con-
fused, as to be impassable; applied to a thicket:
(A:) and a place abounding with trees: (TA:)
applied also to X a collection of clouds, meaning
commingled: (A:) and to +a number, meaning
intricate, or confused. (S, TA.) It is said in a

prov., Uif o^» 0\i &* ■&•»• » ( A ») meaning
J [Thy stock is an appertenance of tkine] although
it be thorny and intricate or confused. (TA.
[See art. ,>»-*.])

if\L\ I A medley, or mixed or promiscuous
multitude or assemblage, of men, or people ; (S,
A, L, s%ii congregated from every quarter: (L:)
fL^&il (?,£.•) Yonsay^UI.'S&MZ'/.e**
are a collection [of people] from different places.
(TA.) — Also J Mixtures of unlawful and law-
ful kinds of property : (A :) or what is mixed
with that which has been unlawfully acquired;
(K., TA;) that in which is no good; (TA;) of
gains : pi. as above. ($., TA.)

w -'r II L>^» t Not pure in his grounds of
pretension to respect. (ISd, TA.) [See also what
follows.]

-« i • c

r % i and yHJM I [A mixed collection

of people]. (A.)—C~^f»0#» (S.S.*) with
fet-h [to the ,J,], ($,) in one copy of the K,
4-iji, (TA,) t Such a one is of mixed, not of
pure, race, or lineage. (S, £.)

£\

1. ^1, (S, Msb, £,) aor. , , (ISk, MS,) or -' ,
(Msb,) inf.n. *jL\, (Msb,) He divided [or sawed]
a piece of wood (ISk, Mfb, £) with the jlii* ;
(S, Mfb, ^ ;) as also >3>j and ^J. (Msh, TA.)

£ull oji(, aor. , , [or, accord, to the Mfb,

it seems to be * ,] inf. n. ji> I ; (£ ;) and * V>i>t,
(^,) inf. n. ^AU ; (S ;) SA« (a woman, TA)
made her teeth serrated, (8, £,) onrf sltarpened
their extremities, (8,) to render them like those
of a young person : but a curse is denounced in a
trad, against her who does this. (TA.) [See also
art. ji>] -m'jiA, aor. < , (8, Mfb, £,) inf. n. pi,
(8, A, Mfb,) He exulted, or exulted greatly, or
excessively; and behaved insolently and unt hank-
fully, or ungratefully : (§,* A,» Mfb, £,• TA :)
or he exulted by reason of wealth, and behaved
with pride, and selfconceitedness, and boastful-
ness, and want of thankfulness : or he behaved
with the utmost exultation, &c. : or he rejoiced,
and rested his mind upon things agreeable with
natural desire. (TA.) [See^Vj.]

2 : see 1.

[8. oJiiST, written with the disjunctive alif
il\, She invited another to make her teeth

j-

J 8

: BCe jii\.

G2

serrated and to sharpen their extremities ; as also
♦ opt-l. See the act. part. ns. below : and sec
also dj£tyLt\.]

10 : sec 8.

'A)
■M: )

jif (8, A, Msb, 5) and t jil and tpi and

♦jit (£) and t ^tpf (§, £) Exulting, or exufc-
tn<7 greatly, or excessively; and behaving insolently
and unthankful!;/, or ungratefully: (§,• A,» Msb,
¥»* TA :) or exulting by reason of wealth, and
behaving with pride, and self-conceitedncss, and
hoaslf ulness, and want of thankfulness : or
behaving with the utmost exultation, &c. : or
rejoicing, and resting the mind upon things agree-
able with natural desire: (TA :) pi. [of the first]
0)j^* and [of the second] Oapi (L.K) and [of

the first four] ji,\ (]£. [accord, to the TA, but not
in the copies of tho # in my hands,]) and (of

&U| TA ) L£# (?) and \J$ (9, S) and
Jbj&l (£.) One says, 1*1 til, and * Aljll
ulr»'i using die latter word in each instance as
an imitative sequent. (TA.) _ ji,\ j£j J Xf^At-
ning fashing repeatedly to and fro. (A.) _
jit\ sZ~J I A plant, or herbage, extending beyond
its proper bounds. (A.)

•-'

ji>\ : see wh.it next follows.

]L\ -JU-C and t j^l and t'^ii, (§,$,) which
last is a pi., (£,) In his teeth is a serration, (S,
£,) and a slutrpneu of the extremities [such
as is seen in the teeth of young persons] ; (S ;)
which is sometimes natural and sometimes arti-
ficial ; (£ ;) and [naturally] only in the teeth of
young persons. (TA.) Hence the prov., : ^>

^>j.V JJii jib. (S.) [See art. ja .] j£|

J— ijl J 5PA* te«*A o/"*A« reaping-hook, or *«cAZe.

(£•)'

*' ' ' i * •*

•j--1, and its dual : see ji,\.

Iipt a*ut ^ twry exulting wish : occurring in
the Mo'allakah of El-Harith Ibn-Hillizeh. (EM
p. 272.)

j f*i • (

u'v-l : soe jJS.1, in two places.

^Al— j«,l

• fc «- t.

jt~»U, or ijettt, as in different Lexicons, (TA,)

[the former in the 5,] The thing with which the
locust bites: pi. jt&O. (K.)__See also the pi.
voce w|.

>££• Anything (TA) made thin [and serrated].
($.) [Hence,] jl£» Ju A front tooth serrated
and sharpened at. the extremity. (TA.) And
hence, (TA,) ^juaaJI j££« ' 9 applied to the
beetle [as meaning Having the fore shanks formed
thin, and serrated]. (S, TA.)

• it

jUi« (S, Msb, ]£, &c-) [-4. <a/»;] a» instru-
ment with which wood is divided; (Msb, ]£ ;) as
also jlie, from ^ij ; (Msb, TA ;) and 'jl&L :
(TA :) p'l. j^U. (ISk, Msb, TA.) __ See also
this word and its dual voce j£A.

* >t, , t
j>-U Wood divided [or sawn] with die jlil*.

(Msb.) See also j£A »,yi,U A woman who

has the extremities of her teeth sharpened [and
serrated artificially : see 1]. (Msb.)

j e» - * «> applied alike to the male and the female,
(S,) to a she-camel and a courser, (S, K,) and a
man and a woman, (TA,) Brisk ; lively; sprightly.

(§,•£.)

»r~j-» and " 5^iU-«o A woman who invites
[another] to maJte her teeth serrated [and to
sharpen their extremities : see 1]. (£.)

S^iU _« : see what next precedes.

[Book I.
t-.J

iiil [applied in the present day to Moss : and

particularly, tree-moss: in Persian <u£l: but]
Lth says, (TA,) it is a thing that winds itself
upon the trees called J»jl^ and ji£o [oak and
pine] as though it were pared off from a root
"?*? *-f J*~** *«•) ; and it is sweet in odour,
and white: (K, TA :) Az says, I do not think it
to be [genuine] Arabic. (TA.)

• -•' • .{

O^l and o^J. (Msb, $.,) but the former is

of higher authority than the latter, (TA,) t. q.

w^r*" [Kali, or glasswort] : (Msb in the present

art. ; and S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, in art. ^ej*. :)

[and also potash, which is thence prepared;] a

thing, or substance, well known, (K, TA,) with

which clothes and the hands are washed; (TA-

[see ^ ;]) good, or profitable, [as a remedy] for

the mange, or scab, and the itch ; clearing to the

complexion, cleansing, emmenagogue, and abortive.

(K.)

•''•' •■» « i

aiUil A vessel for ^ojm. [or for ^Uil as

meaning ^o<a«A] ; syn. Lc'^L^. (A in art. sjoj*..)
J>\ii\ A seller of ^Uif. (TA.)

jl

j » •

iit

• >i .,1

j>-l: see j^/l.

• ••

^Al Dividing [or sawing], or one wAo divides

[or sow*], wood, with the jlii*. (Msb.)

[Hence,] The prickles [or serrated parts] of the
shanks of the locust ; ($;) as also * jeAO. (TA.)
— Also, and * jpi and * jlii», ^L jowi (Sjift)
at (A« extremity of the tail of the locust, like two
claws; (^;) which two things are also called

* JOjti and * o»>% (TA.) — S>7 A woman
who sharpens the extremities of her teeth [and
makes them serrated : see 1]. (Msb.)ss= J^if Jj
^ln arm, or a hand, sawn off; i. q. ♦ S^iu :
(ISk, S, Mfb, ^ :•) like i^ilj ai^ in the sense
ofie^.. (S.)

j^jAAI, of the measure ^JU*, [and therefore
fem., and imperfectly dccl.,] (S, Msb,) accord, to
some ; but accord, to others, of the measure . Uil ,
like Jc-el, as Kh is related to have said, (Msb,)
which latter is said by IB to be the correct mea-
sure, the [incipient] 1 being augmentative, and
the word [masc.,] with tenween, [i. e. jJLil ,]
perfectly decl. : (TA :) The instrument belonging
to the hJtC>l [or sewer of skins, or leather] ; (§,•
Msb, TA;) i. o., with which he sews; and the
instrument with which he bores, or perforates:
(TA :) the instrument for boring, or perforating,
(r> in art ^5*-,) belonging to the ii£oC\ ; said
by ISk to be that which is used for water-skins,
or milk-skins, and leather water-bags, and tlie
like ; that used for sandals, or shoes, being called
w «rfi ». • : (S and TA in art. { ^ J ki, :) and the
[instrument called] a £„ with which shin, or
leather, is sewed : (£ in art. ^jii :) t. q. j>L» :
(Mgh in art. ^ :) pi. olll. (S, Mgh, Msb,
¥ : [in the Ci£, erroneously, ^U.]) In the ¥.,
in the present art., ot£w^l is put, by a mistake
of die copyists, for ol£l4). (TA.) Sec also art.

!• Cj>- «i «&! «'• q. iLij, q. v. (TA.)

k>~

»l

5. ,>iU He washed his hands with jLil [q. v.
infra]. (Msb,£.)

2. «o-e1, inf. n. j^U, is from I Jl^I : ($, ^ : )

[app. meaning He made it an »j^*l : or Ac n-orc

it as an ij~o\: and hence juo£* or «JJeL« as

explained below : or] Ac clad him with an Jju^t.
(TK.)

4. j-»l [in some copies of the K Juil, which
is a mistake, (sec the jwiss. jiart. n. JLijJ, below,)]
He closed ( JXtl, S, A, K, anil so in the M in art.

•»-»J> or jy»'» as in the M in the present art.) a
door, or an entrance ; as also juojl ; (S, M, A,
K ;) of which it is a dial. var. (S.) And He
covered, or covered over, a cooking-pot. (M.)

\j^>\ (S, M, K, and Ham p. 223) and * sj^i
(M, £) and ♦ X>£, (S,» M,) or t \£^ t ^
A garment of the kind called jljue worn by a
young girl: when a girl attains to the age of
puberty, she is clad with a ejj : (M :) or a

small shirt for a little girl : or worn beneath tke

*i .— . , ' • I .

"r>y i (£■ : ) or the ij-o\ is a garment without
sleeves, worn by a bride and by a little girl :
(M :) or a small shirt or shift, worn beneath
the ^y ; and also worn by little girls : (S :) or
a garment of which the sewing is not complete :
or t. q. ijcH : or t. q. 5,jjj. (Hum ubi supru.)
Kudiciyir says,
• * i I' - it ' *' i' *•* *f

. * * *• -

**>*0 PJ^I wr-rVi Oi «,

Id

[They clad her with a ep when she wore a jJL>jJ,
»uitA an opening cut out at tke neck and bosom,
when her equal in age had not yet worn the t,)l
(S, M.) C J '

• t

J*-o\ A court; or an open or a wide space

in front of a house, or extending from its sides;
(S, M, K ;) a dial. var. of J^, (§,) which is
the more common form : (M :) or the extreme

Book I.]

and exterior part of a house: (Mirkat cl-Loghah,
and Meyd, as rendered by Golius :) or an inter-
mediate place between Ute threshold or door and
the house ; a place which loohs neither upon the
public nor upon the interior parts, whether it be
an area or a vestibule. (Ibn-Maaroof, as rendered
by Golius.)

ij^ r o\ : sec »JmdI. = A [hind of enclosure for
the protection of camels, sheep, or yoais, such as
is called] S^Ja*. : (M, K :) or like a 5j : h i * -, (S,
and Ham p. 223,) [but made] of rochs, or great
masses of stone : (Hum :) a dial. var. of ijfoj
[q.v.]: (S:) pL Jlij. (Ham.)

j~oy> Closed ; closed over, or covered : occur-
ring in the Kur [xc. 20 and] civ. 8; (L;) in
which AA reads ij~cy» [with hemz ; others

reading this word without hemz]. (S, L.) You

i » • j • *
say j—oy> w)b [A closed door]. (A.) And

ij~oy> jj3 A covered cooking-pot. (A.) And

• # i j *9#* o -- -» '

juey* <U* yuJt w>tv t [The door of forgiveness
is closed from him ; i. c., against him]. (A.)

» a- * t» a • j »»•!,

jw»3-», or ij~oy> : bcc Sj-ol, in three places.

1. »^el, aor. ; , inf. n. j^>\, He, or it, (a thing,
Ks,) confined, restricted, limited, hept close, kept
within certain bounds or limits, shut up, im-
prisoned, held in custody, detained, retained, re-
strained, withheld, debarred, hindered, impeded,

or prevented, him, or it : (Ks, S, M, A,* K :) it

* i a > 9 * f
straitened him. (TA.) You say, J»-jJI Oj-ot

***>>l «&Ui [JLft / confined, or restricted, the man
to t/«a/ thing, or affair. (Ks.) And v ^* aj^oI
.O..U-, and »iljl Lox-, J withheld, restrained, or
ilcharrcd, him from the thing that he wanted,
and from, the thing that he desired. (IAar.)__

C<t«ll _j-ol, aor. and inf. n. as above, 7/e made,
or ;>ut, <o //<« t<?«< an jlil. (K,* TK.) ss Also,
aor. and inf. n. ns above, He brohe it. (El-
Utnaweo, S, M,K.')_ He inclined, or bent, it.
(M, K,» TA.) _1 /t fV/tne</ Am, (As,S, K,)
,j"}U jJLc to mrA a one. (Ag, S.) See an ex.
voce a^-ol.

[3. ej-ol, inf. n. 5j^\y», He was his neighbour,
baring the jUol o/ ///> tc;/t % the side of the jl^l
»;/" the tent of the other. See the act. part. n.
below.]

[6. Ijj-oU Z7w»/ were neighbours ; they dwelt,
or abode, near together. See die act. part. n.
below.]

see j^>\ ; each in three places.

j*>\ A covenant, cempact, or contract ; (S, K ;)
as also »j-ol und'^^ol: (K.:) [sec also j-o) :] any
bond arising from relationship, or from a covenant
or compact or contract, (Aboo-Is-hnk,) and^/row
an oath: (ISh:) a covenant, compact, or contract,
which one docs not fulfil, and for the neglecting
and breaking of which one is punished : so in the
Kur ii. 280: (I 'Ab :) [sec also what follows,
in two places :] or a heavy, or burdensome, cove-

nant, compact, or contract : so in the Kur iii.
75 : (ISh, M :) so, too, in the same vii. 156 :
(T, M :) pi. Jut, a pi. of pauc. : (M :) or a
heavy, or burdensome, command; such as was
given to the Children of Israel to slay one another:
so in the Kur ii. 280, accord, to Zj. (TA.) — A

# * *\

weight, or burden ; (S, M, K ;) as also »^-el

and t^«ot : (K :) so called because it restrains
one from motion : (TA :) pi. as above. (M.)__
A sin ; a crime ; an offence ; (S, M, K ;) as
also *^ot and * j-ol : (K :) so called because of
its weight, or burdensomeness : (TA :) or the
sin of breaking a compact, or covenant : (Fr,
Sh :) or o grievous punishment of a sin : so
accord, to AM in the Kur ji. 280. (TA.) — A
thing that inclines one to a thing. (M, K.)
[See also »j-ol. It is said in the Ham (p. 321)
that 7-el.jl is pi. of the former word : but it is
evidently pi. of the latter.] __yl swearing by an
oath which obliges one to divorce or emancipate or
to pay a vow. (K, T A.) So in a trad., in which it
is said, \i »jU£» ^j yo\ ly-i ^>-*j ^jX* iJw*. ^»
[Whoso sweareth an oath in which is an obliga-
tion to divorce or emancipate or to pay a vow, for
it tliere is no expiation] : for such is the heaviest
of oaths, and that from which the way of escape,
or evasion, is most strait : the original meaning

of i^l being a burden, and a binding. (TA.) =

• *« • * •

The ear-hole: pi. jU>l (IAar, K) and Olr }-

(K.)

jlil and *j-ol>I (S,M,K) and ♦» J U»1 and 1tj^\
(M, K) A short rope, (S,) or small rope, (K,) by
which the lower part of the [hind of tent called]
«Ua. is tied, or bound, (S, K,) to tke peg : (S :) or
a short peg, for the [ropes called] *->UI»l, with
which the lower part of the [kind of tent called]
Xa. is fastened : (M :) [or] jtol signifies also
the peg, (K,) or short peg, (TA,) of tke [kind
of tent-rope called] w~J? : (K :) or a peg of tke
.Ui. : (Ibn-Es-Secd, TA :) pi. of the first *jU\
(S, M) and Sj-ol ; (M ;) and of the second j*o\j\.
(S.) ISd tliinks tliat * OlJ-pT is the pi. of t ij-ol

used in tlic first of the senses explained above in
in the following verse :

a ' •' > el £ * tt"

* * ' '
* j^M*- Olj-of kJ lo5t' ^ *

the poet meaning [By thy life, I will not
ajrproack to hold loving communion, or inter-
course, with an ignoble, or a low, female;] nor
teiU I direct my regard to the short ropes which
bind [to the pegs] the lower part of tke tent of
my friend, coveting his wife, and the like : or he
may mean nor will I direct my regard to the
female relations of my friend, such as his pater-
nal aunt, and his maternal aunt, and the like.
(TA.) [See J^eT, below.] __ Also, the first, A
thing by wkick things are tied firmly, or made
firm or fast. (TA.)_A thong ofuntanned hide
which binds together the &\jj»e of a earners
.saddle : and jUI is a dial. var. thereof. (M.)_
Also, (M,K,) and tjjjj, (AZ, As,K,) A [gar-

m*

ment of the kind called] »L-fe in which dry

63

herbage, or fodder, is collected : (M, K :) or o
A_£> filled with herbage, and tied: (AZ:) or a
.L-fe in which is dry herbage, or fodder : other-
wise it is not thus called : (As :) pi. [of the former]

JJit and ij-»T; (K ;) and of the latter ^*WI.

(AZ.) — And both words, (the former accord.

to the S and M and K, and the latter accord.

to As and the S and M and K,) Dry herbage,

or fodder : (S, K :) or dry lusrbage, or fodder,

collected together : (TA :) or dry herbage, or

fodder, in a [garment of the kind called] X-£a :

otherwise it is not thus called : (As :) or dry

herbage, or fodder, contained in a j^t*-*. (M.)

[The following saying is cited as an ex. of the

a * » &* * • • »
first of these significations:] Jt^j y ^m > * 0>^

♦ ij-ajl [To such a one belongs a place, or land,

abounding with dry lierbage,] the dry herbage

whereof will not be cut ; (S ;) meaning, because

of its abundance. (TA.) _ Also, the former, A

basket (J«Jj or J«jj, as in different copies of the

K) in which goods, or commodities, ( cU«,) art

carried: so called as being likened to the thing
in which dry herbage is put. (TA.)

Sjtol : see jU>t.

j^\ yja Pasturage that detains those that are
on it [by reason of its abundance] : (M, TA:) or,
to which one goes because of its abundance. (TA.)

ij-o\, and its pi. Olj-ol : see jUol, in three

places : of which last word, the first is also a pi.

a - - -
The thing termed x~-\ and fjj\ [to which a

beast is tied]. (TA.) A tie of kindred, or

relationship, (S, M, K,) or affinity, (S,) or a
favour, or benefit, (S, K,) that inclines one to a
man ; (S ;) or because it inclines one : (M :) pi.

'yoSf. (K.) One says, SjJ\ o*& \J* f u^f^ *•
No tie of relationship, nor any favour, or benefit,
inclines me to such a one. (S.) And ,_ji« UU—

*' ' •* ** *.' " *' 1 *' r IT • !•

s^-oly jJl( j_£^«I ^j* jioij oyo\ j**! [He inclined
to me without any tie of relationship, Sec, and
examined my case without eye]. (A.) [See also

j~ojI : see jUol , in three places.

j«oU and ^-oU A place in wkick a person or
tiling is confined, sliut up, or imprisoned: pi.
^eU ; for which the vulgar say, j-eU«. (S, K.)
_1 Also, tlie former, (M, A,) or J-oU ; (TA ;)
either of the measure JjU* from j-o^l, or of the
measure J-cU from j~o«JI ; A tking intervening
between two other things and preventing tlie ;«w-
sage from one to tlie other; abanier: (A:) a
rope across a road or river, preventing the passage
of travellers and ship/ or boats, (M, L,) for tke
taking of tke tithes from them. (L.)

. # * j
i«otV* A neighbour: (K :) [or a close, or near,
i» * * * >• *

neighbour : as in the saying,] \£jpc\y» \£$*- y*

He is my neighbour, having the jL«l of his tent

by the side ofthejJo\ of my tent. (El-Ahmar, S.)

^_jj-oli« jj*. A tribe dwelling, or abiding,
near together. (S, K.*)

64

J-k-l — J-*t

wW-1

JtL»l A stable (?) /or 4>tji [i. e. horses or
"»«&» or asset] : ($ [i n some copies of which it is
omitted] and ?:) the I is radical, because an
augmentative does not occur at the beginning of
a word of four or five letters unless derived from
a verb : (8 :) [probably from the barbarous Greek
<rrafi\iop :] AA says that it is not of the [genuine]
language of the Arabs: ($ :) IB says that it is a
foreign word, used by the Arabs : (TA :) accord,
to some, (TA,) it is of the dial, of Syria: (K,
TA:) the pi. is ^J»U>I: and the dim. ^-u'^ i
(TA.)

> > A ' -

1. Jif, (?,) inf. n. Sulj (TA;) or J*f,
(M ;) It (a thing, M) Aao", or came to have, root,
or a foundation ; (M, $ ;) as also t jj^tj : (M :)
or it was, or became, Jirm, or established, and
firmly rooted or founded; as also ♦ J^ti ; (K. : )
and [in like manner] t J^fcj ft ( a thing) wo*,
or became, firm in its root or foundation, and
strong. (M f b.) You say, S^Ji\ 1*jjfc,\ The
tree [tooh root ; or] grew, and became firm in its
root. (TA.)_ [Hence,] jUl, (8, M, K,) inf. n.
as above, (6, M.) He (a man, S,» M) was, or
fccaww, /rw, (S, M, K,) or «oan</, (8,) of judg-
ment; (8, M,?;) intelligent. (M : [and so,
probably, in correct copies of the £ ; but in a
MS. copy of the ? and in the C? and TA,
instead of JJU, tho reading in the M, I find
v^*-]) — Also, (§,• K,) inf. n. as above, (8,
TA,) It (judgment, or opinion,) was, or became,
firm, or ton**, (S,» TA,) or good. (K.) _ And,
inf. n. as above, It (a tiling) was, or became,
eminent, noble, or honourable. (Msb.)a«iui,
[nor. ami inf. n. as in what follows next after this
sentence,] Me hit, or struch, its root, or founda-
tion; that by being which it was what it was,
or in being which it consisted; or to ultimate
constituent. (A, TA.) — And hence, (A,TA,)
0» SUf, (A,?, TA,) aor. i, inf. n. JL3,
(TA;) or »iL,T [with medd, (which I think to
lie a mistake, unless this be a dial, var.,) and
without UA*] J (so in a copy of the M;) f He
hnew it completely, or thoroughly, or superlatively
well, syn. «&,($,) [i. e.] O* iili, «o <Aor A*
wo* acquainted with its J-il [or roof, or founda-
tion, or its ultimate constituent, as is indicated in
the A and TA] : (M:) or this is from 4JUI, as
meaning "a certain very deadly serpent;" (A,
TA;) [whence the phrase,] — fcuV^t i2ui,(?,)
inf. n. Jif, (TA,) The [serpent called] 4U1
sprang upon him (K, TA) and slew him. (TA.)
■— J-f*. aor. '- , (M, K,) inf. n . jUt, (M,) said
of water, i. q. £J» (M,K;) i.e. It became
altered for the worse (M, TA) in Us taste and
odour, (TA,) from fetid black mud (K, TA)
therein : so says Ibn,'Abbad: (TA :) and said of
flesh-meat, ft became altered (K, TA) in like

manner. (TA.) ■ I JJ>j IJ£> j±% J,$ jj\
Such a one set about, or commenced, doing thus
and thus, or such and such things. (TA.)

i «» • is

2. aLoI, inf. n. J**U, JT« made it to have a

firm, or fixed, root, or foundation, whereon to
build, (Mfb, TA,) i. e., whereon another thing
might be built. (El-Munawee, TA.) [Hence,]
4)U J*ol ». j. <Uj! [Ife wad« his wealth, or
property, to have root, or a foundation ; or ft>
become firm, or established, and firmly rooted or
founded : see, below, JU Jil, and J-il 4 J*U].
(M and K in art. J5l.) — J^t jj| [J5& rf,,.
posed, arranged, distributed, classified, or *et in
order, the fundamentals, fundamental articles,
principles, elements, "or rudiments, of a science,
&c.,] is a phrase similar to v!*^' *fyt ar >d

^jjji^i;. (ta.)

4. J««1, (inf. n. JU»*t , TA,) He entered upon
the time called J**l, q. v. (S, M, K.) rs See
also UJU *Lat.

3. J-oU : see 1, first sentence, in two places.

10. J.eU*t : see 1, in two places, first and
second sentences. « oloUwl He uprooted it;
unrooted it ; eradicated it ; extirpated it ; pulled
it up, or owr, or off, from its root, or foundation,
or lowest part, (8, TA,) or with its roots, or
foundations, or lowest parts; (TA;) he cut it
off (M, Mfb) from its root, or lowest part, (M,)
or with its roots, or lowest parts. (Mfb.) You
say, _^JLi «X>t J-oUwt, a precative phrase,
meaning 3/«y GW [extirpate or] remove {from
them) their 24l£ ; which is an ulcer, or a purulent
pustule, that comes forth in the foot, and is
cauterized, and in consequence goes away : (Mi)
or^iili J-pU-rl [in general usage] means he
extirpated them, or may he extirpate them; or
he cut off, or may he cut off, t/ie last remaining
of them. (TA. [See also art. .Jli.]) And
>yUt J-oU-l, i. e. J^xJ>\ iki [He cut off the
root, race, or stock, of the people ; i. e. he extir-
pated them]. (M.) And JGubt 3>f J-eU-t GW
destroyed altogether or entirely, or way God
destroy altogether or entirely, the unbelievers.
(Mfb.) And ^UJI J-«U-.» ife performed the
circumcision so as to remove the prepuce utterly.
(TA in art. o— .)
< •»
J-ol The /ow«r, or lowest, part of a thing; [i.e.

its root, bottom, or foot;] (M, Msb, £ ;) as also

' Jy* t •' (M, K :) so of a mountain : and of a
wall ; (TA ;) i. <■. its foundation, or base : (Msb :)
and of a tree [or plant] ; (TA ;) i. e. [its stem,
or trunk, or stock, or] the part from which the
branches are broken off: (TA in "-♦ } - e - •)
[and also its root, or foot; for] the jC of a tree
is said to be the part between its J-&\ and the
place where its branches shoot out : (TA in art.
Or* [ an d <* stump of a tree : and hence, a
block of wood : (see exs. voce j«ii :)] pi. Jyo\
(8, M, Mfb,?) and [pi. of pauc.]' Jif: (AHn,
K :) [ISd says that] the former is its only pi. :
(M:) [but] the latter pL occurs in a verse of
Lebced, (which see below,) as cited by AHn.

[Book I.

(TA.) You say, J^JI jil J> Jjj He sat
upon, or at, the lowest part [tee.] of the mountain;
and UUJI ,^1 Ji at the lowest part [Sec] of
the wall. (TA.) And <dif ^, <UlS [He pulled
xt up, or out, or off, from its root, or foundation,
or lowest part] ; and *Jj«oV [with to roots, or foun-
dations, or lowest parts ; both meaning, utterly,
entirely, or altogether]. (TA in explanation of
1UU-1, q. v.) And j^Jjl Jil ££»' 2?e pa««d
up, or out, <A« 2onw<< part, [or tow or todk or
root or foot or stump,] of the tree. (TA.) Lebeed
says, [of a wild cow,]

• A~Z* .jaJU A*! JliJ •

»' » »

[She enters into the midst of the stems of trees
with high branches, apart from others, i. e. from
other trees, in the hinder parts of sand-hills, the
fine loose sand thereof inclining upon her] : (AHn,
TA:) but as some relate it, tJjll ^f. (TA.
[See EM, p. 1G1.])_^.,1 thing ujmn which
another thing is built or founded [cither properly
or tropically]: (KT, Kull p. 50, TA :) the foun-
dation, or basis, of a tiling, [cither properly or
tropically,] which being imagined to be taken
away, or abstracted, by its being taken away, or
abstracted, the rest thereof becomes also taken
away, or alistracted : (Er-RaRhib, TA :) that
upon which the existence of anything rests [or
depends] ; so the, father is J*»l to the offspring,
and the river is J-ol to the streamlet that
branches off from it: (Msb:) or a thing upon
which another thing depends as a branch ; as
the father in relation to the sou : (Kull :) [i. e.
the origin, source, beginning, or commencement,
of a tiling : the origin, original, root, race, or

stock, from which a man springs. Hence I. JL
* •( >. ' ° '«■»

J-ol a) A thing having root, or a foundation;
and consequently, having rootedness, fixedness, im-
mobility, stability, or permanence ; rooted, fixed,
immoveable, stable, or permanent. Whence,] Ju

• • l 1' f « # « o I j r • « a

J-ol *J, (Mgh voce jtf«.,) and J-cl si c-*U jJJU,

(Msb in explanation of that word,) and J«£l si U,
(KT in explanation of the same,) [Real, or
immoveable, projterty ;] property suck as consists
in a house or land yielding a revenue ; (Mgh ;)
or such as a house and palm-trees ; (Mfb ;) or
such as land and a house. (KT.) [Hence, also.
Jl-» J««l signifying A source of wealth or profit;
a stock, fund, capital, or principal. You say,]
»,U^U •>> J_U) JU J*>l ^JU «3 j-JJI [J 'ooA
« /or «>/««(/■ a* a <ource o/ meaAA or ^rq/?r,
for breeding, not for traffic]. (Mgh inarUyJ.)
You say also, ^o,l J^l IlJ [m'eaning 7/« sold
the fundamental property, i. e. the property itself,
of his land]. (§ voce Jt*.) [See also an ex. in
conjugation 4 in art. ^^u : and another in the
first paragraph of art. u ..^.] And «JU>t/ »J^f
[/f« 'ooA «'* as it were »w*<A to root, or tA« /»A«;
meaning, entirely]. (K. [See iie->f.]) And
^-o\ £JeS [He cut off their root, race, or
*<ocA; i. e. he extirpated them], (M.) And
^o-* J-ol ^ o^*» (? and L in art. Lo,) and

Book I.]

J-l

65

\y J-el ^j*, (L ibid.,) Such a one is of an excel-
lent origin, or race, or stock, (S, L,) and of a bad
origin, or race, or stock ; (L ;) J-al being here
syn. with ^>e (S, L) and lVju, (S.) And
^ojXJI J-#l ^ ,j^li Such a one i* of [a race]
t7i« wi/rcc of generosity, or nobleness; J*el being
here syn. with ^4/. (8 in art. l^.) And J-et "^
J-oi ^3 a) 7/<- A/m no >_.. .— [i. c. grounds of
pretension to respect or honour; or rawAr, or
nobility, or </*« /»Ae] ; nor tongue [i. c. eloquence]:
(Ks,$, O, Msb:) or /mj A«* no intellect, (IAar,
Msb, El-Munawee,) nor eloquence : (El-Munawee,
TA :) or he has no lineage, nor tongue : (L :) or
lie luts no father, nor child: (Kull p. 53 :) [or
he has no known stock nor branch; for] J-ai
is the contr. of J-ol, and in relationship signifies

a branch. (Msb in art. J-oi.) You say also,

• »i ,,f,. V T *" ' ' '

*}Lol <£Ui U, meaning I have not done it ever;

and J will not do it ever; the last word being

in the accus. case as an adverbial noun ; i. e.

I have not done it at any time ; and / will not

do it at any time. (Msl>, El-Mundwee, TA.) _

[It also signifies The original, or elemental,

matter, material, substance, or part, of a thing ;

syn. with j. « . : e- ;] that from which a thing is

taken [or made]. (KT voce J».tS.) [The

fumlamental, or essential, part of a thing.

Hence, sing, of J>-?l as signifying The funda-
mentals, fundamental articles or dogmas, prin-
ciples, elements, or rudiments, of a science &c.

Whence,] J^i^l ^jU, (TA,) [meaning] ^t.

j I"
c>i«>JI J>«el [7Vtc science of the fundamental*,

fundamental articles or dogmas, or principles,
of religion; the xcienre of theology, or divinity ;
according to the system of the Muslims, as dis-
tinguished from that of t lie philosophers;] the
science of the articles, or tenets, of belief; also
called 'j^^\ JuUll ; (Kull. voce *tt ;) and [more
commonly] >^JI^i*. (Hiijjee Khalccfcli.) [See
also 2.]__ A radical (as opposed to an augmen-
tative) letter ; as being an essential clement of a
word. (The Lexicons passim.) _ The original
form of a word. (The same passim.) _ The
original, or primary, signification of a word.
(The same passim.) — An original copy of a
book : and a copy of a book from which one
quotes, or transcribes, any portion. (TA,&c,
passim.) _ [The original, or primary, state, or
condition : or] the old state, or condition. (Kull
p. 50.) You say, \%Ll\j L-ty ,U&t J> J-^t
The old state, or condition, of things is tliat of
being allowable, or lawful, and that of being pure,
or cfeon. (Kull ubi supra.) And l^lit ,il «LteJ
She returned, or reverted, [to her original, or
old, state, or condition ; or to her natural dis-
position ;] to a natural disposition which she

had relinquished. (8 voce^.) [The utmost

point, or degree, to which a person, or thing,
can go, or be brought or reduced: and, app.,
the utmost that one can do. Hence die savinir.l
«"**' v^J J*ijl**o*) [1 will assuredly impel thee,
or drive thee, against thy will, to the utmost
point to which thou canst go, or be brought or
reduced : or, constrain thee to do thine utmost].
(IAar in L, art. -Jf [where it is given in cx-
Bk. I. *"

pianation of the phrases i|p ^J\ JMja^j and
9mJm I ; and so in the T in art. y in explana-
tion of the former of these two phrases; which
is said in the M, in art. y, to mean I will
assuredly make thee to have recourse to thine
utmost effort, or endeavour; and in the L in
art. -_» this is given as another explanation of
the latter of the same two phrases. See also the
saying, J)j\ji ji ^J\ UiSt^Jj, explained voce Jj&.])
— [That by being which a thing is what it is,
or in being which it consists; or its ultimate
constituent; syn. ii-i*-; a meaning well known ;
and indicated, in the A and TA, by the coupling
of H..JM. with J-ot, evidently as an explicative
adjunct.]^ [The prime of a thing; the prin-
cipal, purest, best, or choicest, part thereof; what
is, or constitutes, the most essential part thereof;
its wry essence. Hence;] «lj J-«l [7%« principal
part of a country] ; (As, S, Msb, K, voce ^i* ;)
[which is] the place where the people dwell, or
abide. (As and S ibid. [Sec j**--]) And J-ol
>»y» [TAe principal place of abode of a people].
(S and K voce 4-e-v. [See this word.]) And
**y J-ol j_j* ^* He is of the prime, or of the
purest in race, tlie best, or the choicest, of his
7>eoy>fe ; t. o\ ^^l^, and ^A-"- (TA in art.

*r> e -o-) — T^Aat is most ft, or proper : as when

j* ^ • i t ft

one says.^jUJI ^t-i^l ^ J-o^l [ WAa< m most

fit, or proper, in man, is knowledge] ; i. e., know-
ledge is more fit, or proper, than ignorance : and
^juUJI Ijiljl yj> JU^I What is [most] fit, or
propei; in the case of the inchoative, is the putting
[it] before [the cnunciative], whenever there is no
obstacle. (Kull p. 50.) — _ What is preponderant
in relation to what is preponderated : as, in lan-
guage, the word used in its proper sense [in relation
to that used in a tropical sense]. (Kull ibid.) _
W/iat is [essential, or] requisite, or needful : as
when one says »7jjUI O'i^ 1 ij* J-»^' [What is
essential, or requisite, or needful, in the case of
the animal, is food]. (Kull ibid.)__ A [primary,
or] universal, or general, rule, or canon. (Kull
ibid.) __ An indication, an evidence, or a proof,
in relation to that which is indicated, or evidenced,
or proved. (Kull ibid.)

f 'I •- '«

J-ol : see its n. un., iLol

jJ, (K,) or t j^f, (M> ) i. q. t J^uli.

(M, K.) You say J^l ils Eradicating, or «c-

tirpating, evulsion: (TA:) or * J**>l *Li extir-
pating excision. (M.)
• fl
J«et, said by some to be a pi., and by others

to be a dial, var., of J^e\ : see the latter word,
in two places.

ii-al: see iUol. = Also ^L AtW of serpent,
the most malignant, or noxious, of serpents : (S :)
or « serpent, (M, K,) «Aort, (M, [where, in the
only copy to which I have access, I find added,
i^», app. a mistranscription, for i«^l£», it'Ae
the fragment of a rope,]) or small, (%.,) red, but
not intensely red, (M,) very deadly, of the most
malignant, or noxious, kind, (TA,) having one
leg, upon which it stands, (M, TA,) then turns
round, then springs, (TA,) that springs upon a

man, and blows, killing everything upon which it
blows: (M :) or, as some say, a great serpent,
(M, K,) that kills by its blowing : (K :) or one of
the very crafty kinds of serpents, short and broad,
said to be like the shaft of an arrow, and it
springs upon the horseman : (Msb :) pi. ▼ J-ot,
(S, M. Msb, K,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,]
and [pi. of pauc] Jtel. (Msb.) _ [Hence,
app.,] f Short and broad: applied to a man and
to a woman. (TA.)

S il

^jJLol [Radical ; fundamental ; primitive ;

original; underived: an epithet of extensive ap-
plication ; and particularly applied to a letter of
a word, as opposed to augmentative ; and to a
signification]. (The Lexicons &c. passim.)
•a •( 8 •«

aJLoI [The quality denoted by the epithet Lf )^o\ ;

radicalness, &c. :] a term used by IJ [and others]
in the place of J-oU : see 5. (M.)

J--ol [Having root, or a foundation; and
consequently, having rootedness, fixedness, immo-
bility, stability, or permanence; rooted, fixed,
immoveable, stable, or permanent]. You say,

Jt-o*j U-ojl jj* Ji~JI ,jl Verily the palm-trees
in our land remain permanently, not perishing.

(A, TA.) A man liaving J-if, (K, TA,) i. e.,

lineage, or pedigree : (TA :) or established in his
J-«1 : (Abu-1-Baka, TA :) or noble, or generous.
(Msb.) __ A man firm of judgment, and intelli-
gent. (M, I£.* [Accord, to the copies of the latter,

t» » i * '
the signification is \C\jl\ C~/U ^JiU : but I think

that the right reading of the first word is Jil«, as
in the M, in which this word occupies the last
place in the explanation.]) And i£ljH J— el A

man firm, or sound, of judgment. (8.) And
• « • U »i

J**' L$'j Judgment liaving J^l [i. e. firmness],

* % < • • *

(M.) And J--ol jMfr • Olory, honour, dignity,

or nobility, having a firm root or foundation.

(S.) And J~ol tii Vehement evil or mischief.

• »
(Ibn-'Ablja(l.) = See also J»ol, in two places.

j c '
_ [Hence, app.,] J«-o"ilt Destruction : and

death: as also, in both senses, t iL-o^II. (K.)i^
[The evening ; or] t. g. ^^t* ; (M, K, Msb, TA ;)
i. e. (Msb, TA) the time from the j^st\, (8, TA,)
from the prayer of the yoz, (Msb,) to sunset ;

(8, Mfb, TA ;) as also ♦ 2j^»{ : (R, TA :) the

pi. is j\ol, (S, M, R, Msb, K,) or T this is a sing.,
(TA,) or it may be a sing., (M,) for it is used as

I such, (M, TA,) and 0^-<» (§, M, K,) and JliT,
(8, M, Sgh, K,) [a pi. of pauc.,] or, accord, to Es-

1*1

Salah Es-Safadee, this is a pi. of J-ol, the sing.,

not the pi., (TA,) or it is pi. of J-ol, (Zj, M,)
which may be a pi. or a sing., (M,) and J5Uot, (8,
M, K,) as though pi. of iJLol, (8,) or it is pi. of
this last word. (R, TA.) You say, ^ol a£jJ
and t !^U?t, i.e. [I met him in the evening,] UJLc.
(A, TA.) From the pi. )J%o\ is formed the dim.

f O***^', (?, M, K,) which is extr., (M, K,)
because the dim. of a pi. is [regularly] formed
only from a pi. of pauc, which i^k-el is not;

or, if (j^Lol be a sing., like ^jUj and ^jC^S, this

9

dim. is regular : (M :) sometimes, (K,) one says

also » J^e-ol, (S, M, K,) substituting J for the

[final] £. (S, M.») You say, * U%^l iLii and

T W**', meaning, as above, lg-1* : (A, TA :)

, a .1
and Lh mentions ♦ *^Lj-o1 <uJU. (So in two copies

of the?.)

ii^l A man's whole property: (M, K:) or
his palm-trees: (K, TA : in the CK his ;w/m-

tree .) thus in the dial, of El-Hijaz. (O, TA.)

<de+\, ijil, (S,M,K,) and t*sUlh (IAar, M,
K,) J/e took it altogether, (S, M,K,) [as it were]
with its root, (S, M,) not leaving aught of it.

(TA.) And jgJS^Ja 1j}U. TAey ra m« altogether;
the whole of them. (S,Z.)rrrri\ t J\ J±jl tfjSl
To such a one belongs land long possessed, or
inherited from his parents, by means of which he
has his living : a phrase of the people of Et-Taif.
(TA.)iHSce also J~*\, in two places.

^j-ol One skilled in tl'e science termed^*
Jj-^1 : see Jit, (TA.)

"^le-cl a^JU : see J«<ot, last sentence.

• '•'i . >_f» .J • t

0"^-°' niM " J^e-"' : Bee J—ol, in four places,

last two sentences.

• tit* *

"%oy» tifii J met him entering upon the time

called the J**t (TA.) And QtU$* t£» We
came entering upon the time so called. (S.)

i}-°y» J^l [A root, or foundation, or rAe JiTte,
ma<& ./iVro, or fixed, or established], (S.) [Sec
also J*J.]

i* * l» •*•»

lUBi « »U» ^i sheep, or ^oa{, Wtcue Aor« /;<«

6««n taken from its root. (TA.)

< f-u ■ >

J-sU—o : see J-ol.

" ' ' ' * * '

J>-oW : see J-o\, first sentence.

J»l

1. il, (8, K,) aor. , , (K.) inf. n. L>l (S, K)

and £l, (TA,) It produced, made, gave, emitted,
or uttered, a sound, noise, voice, or cry ; (8, K ;)
[and particularly, it creaked; and t't wto«;i«/;]
said of a camel's saddle, (8,* K, [in the CK,
J*-jJI is put by mistake for J»yJI,]) [and parti-
cularly of a new camel's saddle,] and the like,
(K,) such as a [plaited or woven girth called]
*-J, and of everything of which the sound
resembles that of a new camel's saddle, (TA,) and
of a palm-trunk, and of a tree of the kind called
jj«, (8, TA,) or of the kind called Jjl,, (TA,)
and of a cane or reed on the occasion of its being
straightened, [in which instance it is said to be
tropical, but if so it is tropical in several other
instances,] and of a bow, (TA,) and of the belly
by reason of emptiness, (§,* TA,) and, in a trad,
of Aboo-Dharr, t of heaven, or the sky, notwith-
standing there being [really] no A^tl in this
instance, for it is meant to denote [the presence
of] multitude, and confirmation of the majesty of
God. (TA.) [It is also said of other things, as
will be shown by phrases here following, and by

J-I->1

explanations of Vglsl below.] You also say, oXl
J/jM, (K.) aor. as above, inf. n. £ul>t, (TA,)
The camels moaned by reason of fatigue, or
uttering their yearning cry to their young, (K,
TA,) and sometimes by reason of fulness of their
■udders with milk. (TA.) And J/^l cJE>l U J^i\<)
I will not come to thee as long as camels utter cries
[or moan] by reason of the heaviness of their loads.
(S.) And (W cXl U il)i JjJl •$, meaning

J will not do that ever. (TA.) And JklC J-ju U U
We have not a camel that moans, or cries; mean-
ing we have not any camel; for the camel cannot
but do so. (TA, from a trad.) [See also La>\,
below.] And ^f-j *> cJkl J [My feeling of
relationship, or sympathy of blood,] became
affected with tenderness, or compassion, and be-
came moved, [or rather pleaded,] for him [or in
his favour] : (K, TA :) and hence * LL\li\ [inf n.
of the verb in the syn. phrase ^ li .--LLri]

(Sgh, TA.) And^U-jll Jio cJ.1 [The feeling of
relationship, or sympathy of blood, pleaded, or
hath pleaded, in thee;] i.e., inclined thee to
favour. (Ham p. 705.) [Sec another ex. voce

iiw.]

5 : see 1, near the end.

Si • i

i»\ : see i* e la\, below.

L£l cyj> [pi. of i»\, part. n. of 1,} Creaking
[plaited, or woven, thongs]. (K.)

iaJol [as explained in what here follows seems
to be properly an inf. n., though, like all inf. ns.,
it may be used as a subst. :] The sounding, or the
like, or the sound, or the like, [and narticularly
the creaking, or creaking sound, and the moaning,
or moaning sound,] of a camel's saddle (S, K,
TA) when new; (TA ;) and so t £|, of the litters
and saddles of camels when the riders arc heavy
thereon; and the former, also, of a door; said, in
a trad., of the gate of paradise, by reason of its
being crowded ; (TA ;) and of a plaited or woven
thong when stretching ; (Ez-Zejjajee, TA ;) and
of the back [when strained] ; (K ;) and of the
bowels, (TA,) and of the belly, or inside, by
reason of hunger, (K,) or by reason of vehement
hunger ; (TA ;) and of camels, (S, K,) by reason
of their burdens, (K,) or by reason of the heavi-
ness of their burdens ; (S ;) and the prolonging
of the cries of camels: (TA :) but 'Alee Ibn-
Hamzch says that the cry of camels is termed
!Uj, and that hJo\ signifies the sounding, or
sound, of their bellies, or insides, by reason of
repletion from drinking. (IB, TA.) J-v-o Jjkl
i»el»lj, occurring in a trad., means f Possessors
of horses and of camels. (TA.) _ Also t Hun-
ger, (K, TA,) itself, as well as the sound of the
bowels or belly by reason thereof: from Ez-
Zejjajee. (TA.)

• si

1»U»1 Sounding much; noisy; (K, TA ;) having

a sound : applied [to any of the things mentioned

above in the explanations of Jsl and ixJ»l ; and]

to a hide ; and to a camel replcted with drink ;

and to a road : fern, with i : which, applied to a

[Book I.

woman, signifies one whose m.ji has a sound
oJu^lil. (TA.)

>»
1. i>l, aor. ; (S, Msb, K) and I , ($,) inf. n.
>l ; (S, Msb, K ;) and * »j£\, inf. n. ^1,13 ;
(]£ ;) He bent it, or curved it ; (S, Msb, K, &c. ;)
namely, a bow, (S, A,) and a twig, or the like :
(A :) he biid hold upon one of its ttvo extremities,
and curved it : lie bent it, or curved it ; namely,
anything ; {^ ^jit upon a thing : and the
latter verb, [or both,] lie bent it into t/te form
of a hoop, bringing its two extremities togct/ier.
(TA.) — It is said of Adam, 'Jb\ t Vjt& $£ ,j\£s
He was tall, and God bent him, and diminished
his height. (TA.) — And one says, .ji* jl.\
J^JI ^,1* iJilj^UiJt ^JJ I [He laid hold upon
the two hands, or arms, of the wrongdoer, or
prevented, restrained, or withheld, him from doing
that which he desired,] and bent him to [con-
formity with] what was right. (AA, from a
trad.) And ib^ ^Jx. 0$ ojjbt J [Thou hast
bent such a one to love thee], (A.) __^Jj| l£l,
(§>£>) aor. ; and - , (K,) inf. n. as above, (S,K,)
He rooundaniJ»\ upon the arrow. (S, &.)_
c4jl >l (TK,) inf. n. as above, (KL,) He
made an jU»J, which is a thing resembling a zone
or belt, to the tent or house. (K, TK.)

2: sec 1, in two places. ssO^I, inf. n.^J»0,
Site (a girl, IAar) remained in the house, or tent,
of her father, some time, or long, (IAar, K,)
without marrying. (IAar.) [Sec also 5.]

5. jl»\S It (a spear) bent : (S, K :) it (a thing)
became crooked, curved, or bet ; as also tjiOl :
(K,TA :) it became bent into the form of a hoop,
its two extremities being brought together. (TA.)

— O^JpU She affected a bending of her person,
body, or limits, in her gait. (A.)^ He confined

himself (K,T A) in a place. (TA.) o^li She

(a woman) remained, or stayed, in her house, or
lent; (S,K;) she kept to it. (TA.) [Sec also 2.]

7 : see 5.

*• ' .- n

jJ»l The place of curvature ( T U) of a bow,

and of a cloud : (K, TA :) an inf. n. used as
a subst., and, being so used, admitting the dual
form : or the bent, or curved, part of the ex-
tremity of a bow ; to which Tarafeh likens the
curving of the ribs of a she-camel: (TA :) and
what resembles a curvature, seen in the clouds : an
inf. n. in the sense of a pass. part. n. (Skr, TA.)

»/l»l The sinew that is wound immediately
above the notch of an arrow ; (S, K ;) as also
t jli.1. (K.) — The edge of the giant of the
penis ; (K,* TA ;) as also * the latter word. (K,
TA.) _ The fiesh surrounding the nail: (£:)

pi. ji»\ and jU»l. (TA.) A mixture of ashes

and blood with which a fracture in a cooking-pot
is smeared (S, K) and repaired. (TA.)

jlbl Anything that surrounds another thing :
(S, A, Msb, K :) as the hoop of a tambourine,
(A,Mgh,TA,) and of a sieve. (S,A,Mgh,K.)

— A ring of hair surrounding the head, the

Book I.]

middle of it being bald. (TA.) __ The branches
of a vine, bent, or wreathed, to as to form a

covering over-head. (K.)«_Sce also SjM, in two

places ^iUJI jU»l The -part of the hoof of a

horse or the like which surrounds, or extends

around, the j&\ [q.v.]. (S.) iih\ jl£>1 (S,

?, &c.) { The part, (A,) or flesh, (Msb,) sur-
rounding the lip : (A, Mfb :) or the part that
separates between the lip and the hairs of the
mustache : (? :) or the edge of the upper lip,
between the lip itself and the parts where the hair
grows : (IAtli :) or the rising edge, or ridge,
between the part where the mustache is clipped and
the lip, intermixing with the mouth. (A'Obcyd.)
The Muslim should clip his mustache so that this
part shall appear. (Msb, TA.)_wV,j> jU»l A

thing resembling a zone, or belt, of a tent or house.

* * • t «

(K.)__^UI ±y* jU»l J A ring, or circle, of

men. (K.) One 'says, 0**i ^ jlil^i 1 They

have alighted and taken up their abode [so tliat

they form a ring] around the sons of such a one.

(A, Msb.)

jtJo\ A sin ; a crime ; an offence. (S, K.) One

says, {jj^ ^el»W iJJ» He punished me for the

sin, crime, or offence, of another than myself . (§.)

*' 1 1* j-

SjjJ^U A bow. (A.)_vi milking-vessel of

skin (i4*) for the head of which a twig is bent
into the form of a hoop, and put round, after
which its lip is covered ; (K, TA ;) or, sometimes,
the edges of the skin of the <U)l£ are folded upon
the koop-formed twig, and dry upon it. (TA.)

^1

^L\ and J£l, (S, K,) like^U-l and^U-l, (S,
and Mgh in art. > e»>t,) A fortress : or, as some
say, any lofty building : (Mgh :) or a [building
such as is termed] j-ai [q. v.] : (IAar, K:) and
any fortress built of stones : and any square,
roofed, house : (K :) pi. (of pauc, TA) >ti»f (S,
Mgh.?) and (of mult, TA)>>»: (?:)>UVl
signifies fortresses of the people of El-Medeeneh :
and one of these is termed " A+Jal : (S :) or this
signifies [simply] a fortress; and its pi. is >>Usl.
(TA.)

i'f (

ioJol : sec above.

ilXy» >Vi»T Lofty [fortresses, &c] : (A, TA:)
[or it may signify fortresses, ice, disposed in
order, or grouped togetlier; for it is said to be] a
phrase like a^~o v'^'i (O, TA,) or like jUa-l
Sju^.. (K.)

wit

1. Jl, aor. wijj (IDrd, M, Mgh,?) and wi£,
(IDrd, M, K,) the latter agreeable with analogy,
(TA,) [but the former, though irregular, is the
more common,] inf. n. w»t ; (M, Mgh;) and
* JZ\, inf. n. JUt3 ; (S, Mgh, ? ;) and » wiiU ;

(M, ? ;) #« «aW Jl [q. v.], (IDrd, S, M, Mgh,
K,) by reason of anxiety, or disquietude of mind,
or by reason of vexation, distress of mind, or
disgust: (IDrd, M, K-.) held by Sb to be of the

>l — wit

* 3 ' '*'

same class as »--> and Ji* meaning " he said

ilf^ull"and"hesaid < li)r^liil^." (M.) You
sav also, " <xsu\ y and <v " oet, and <v T Juu,
meaning /fe azuf <o At'wi wil. (M.) And Jj<*-
Uj».j wj ^j-o " w*iw O^ ««™ o o R * &*^an to
«ay wil wil &y reason of a smell which he perceived.
(T.) And d-JLc ♦ wiili Ail Verily he is angry
with him, or enraged against him. (TA.)

2 : see I, in three places.

5 : see 1, in four places.

»C -£ ft I *i

o! and wil and wil, or wit : see w»l.
» < »

wit and its vara, (differing only in having the
wi movent) : see the next paragraph.

Si * <5i

«_jl jDt'rt, or filth ; as also * ti\ : (S :) you say,

<0 Ul, and ♦ iil, -Dirt, or ^ftA, fo him ; in which
the tenween is for the purpose of rendering them

indeterminate; (S;) and «Juj a) ol; (T ;) and

lilj t Ul ; and 1% tit ; (T, S ;) the latter of

which is an imitative sequent : (S :) or \j\ signi-

4,'
fies the dirt of the ear ; and \JS, the dirt of the

nails; (As, T, M, TS. ; but in the last, of the nail ;)
the phrases mentioned above being used on the
occasion of deeming a thing dirty or filthy, and
afterwards on the occasion of experiencing annoy-
ance or disgust at anything ; (As, T, M,* TA ;)

and V ot»l, also, has the former of these two

.Si
meanings : (TA :) or ol signifies the dirt around

the nail; (M ;) or the dirt of tlie nail ; (?;) and

■j
w_i3, the dirt in the nail : (M :) or the former, a

paring of the nail : and a piece of stick, or a

reed, which one takes up from the ground : (? :)

in these various senses they are explained as used

I J* J* £i

in the saying, Ujj a) Ul : (TA :) or the former
signifies stink : (Zj, TA :) or paucity ; (T, M,
K ;) as also 1 o>»t ; (M ;) or from * iJWI signi-
fying a thing little in qua?itity; (T ; and the

same meaning is assigned to this word in the K ;)

Sj
and \Ju is an imitative sequent, (T, M, ?,) of

the same meaning. (M.)_ol, also, is a word
expressive of vexation, distress of mind, or disgust;
(M, Mgh ;) or of dislike, displeasure, or hatred ;
(K ;) and has six forms ; (T, S ;) mentioned by
Akh; (S;) or ten; (M ;) or forty; (K;) or

-2 si 'it

more ; (TA ;) as follow : «_»t and ol and iil and

U Si Si " _ i A

til and Ul and vJI (T, S, M, K) and ol and d>\

* A I a' a ' A
and ot and ot and Ul and wit (K) and ol (M,

il ' si

?) and «»il and * ^t, pronounced with imdleh,

(M, ?,) i. e. with pure imaleh, and t _»| with
intermediate imaleh, and t { j\ without imaleh,
the alif [written ^j] in these three denoting the
fem. gender, and t ^Jf, with kesr to the \J, (K,)
i. e., as a prefixed noun with its complement, [the
latter being the pronoun of the first pers.,] (TA,)

and *«jil, (K,) with damm to the I and <_£,
which latter is with teshdeed, and with the j and

» quiescent, (TA,) and ♦ Ail [in a copy of the M

* iil] and * Ail and t Ail <.K) and * Jl and * Jl

87

and ♦ wit and V ol and * Ut and ♦ w»l and * wit

j' * S' * i * *

and ♦ Ul and ♦ w>l and ♦ wit , with damm to the

wi, which is with teshdeed, [in a copy of the M

* Jl ,] and * til , like Ul , and t ,_ji1 , pronounced
with imaleh, and *^jil, with kesr, (K,) i. c,
prefixed to the pronoun of the first person,
(IAmb,) and * Jl and * wit (?) and ♦ w»l, or

* wit, and *wif, or *wil, and *wil, or *wil,
(accord, to different copies of the ?,) [all these
forms, making the number (forty) mentioned by
the author of the K, I have drawn from a com-
parison of three copies of that work, and I believe
them to be correct : some other forms are men-
tioned by SM as perhaps indicated in the K ; but
I see no good reason for this : he then adds,] and

* Ail and V ay I and ♦ Ait, the last mentioned by
IB on the authority of I?tt. (TA.) wit, [with
its variants,] in its primary sense, denotes one's
blowing at a thing that falls upon him, such as
dust or ashes ; or at the place, to remove there-
from what is annoying ; therefore people say, at
anything that they deem troublesome, or dis-
pleasing, or hateful, a) wil [as though meaning
A puff, or blast of breath, to it] : (?t, T :) or
[rather] it is a word imitative of a sound; [like
ugh in English, both in sound and meaning ; and
in meaning like our interjections foh and faugh;]
(Bd on the ex. in the Kur which will be found
below, and TA;) denoting vexation, or distress
of mind, or disgust ; (Bd ubi supra ;) or denoting
contempt : (TA :) or it is a verbal noun, meaning
/ am vexed, or distressed in mind, or disgusted :
(Bd ubi supra:) or it is an imperative verbal
noun [denoting disgust or abhorrence, like out,
and away] : (IJ, M :) or he who says Sii Ut uses
it in the manner of an imprecation, like as one

# fjf • # xfii

says i^jjitiJJ "j^^ ; and he who says Jii wit puts
it in the nom. case because of the J, like as one
says ,jj>it£i) Jjj ; and he who says Jli wit puts
it in the gen. cose likening it to words imitative
of sounds. (IAmb.) It is said in the ?ur
[xvii. 24], wJl Q ji3 <)'), (T,S,TA,) or Jl,
(TA, [in which other readings also are men-
tioned,]) [And say not thou to them (i. e. to thy
father and mother) Ugh, &c.,] meaning, do not
thou deem anything of their affairs burdensome,
nor be contracted in bosom thereby, nor be rough,
or harsh, or coarse, to them : (?t, T :) or do not
thou say to them anything expressive of the least
disgust, when they have become old, but take

upon thyself their service; wil signifying stinh.
(Zj,T.)

Jt and its vara, (differing only in having the
* Si 8. • a

wi movent) : see wit. bm For w»l, see also o^l»

in three places.

•st « , s

Ail : see u^!> in tw0 P» aces -

Ail : see wit, in four places. = Also A dirty,
&fUthy, an unclean, man: (?:) from w»l signi-
fying the " dirt of the nail." (TA.) — One tn
want ; poor ; possessing little : (? :) from wiil
signifying " a thing little in quantity." (TA.) _

9»

68

A coward: (K :) as though originally iit ^>,

i. e. holding back, by reason of disgust, («JbU«,)
from fight : (TA :) or experiencing vexation or
disgust, and languid or sluggish, in war : ( I Aar :)
also heavy, or sluggish. (IAth.)

•a t ■

ail : see 0*M» ' n *h re e places.

i_A»l Vexation, distress of mind, or disgust.
(T, IAth, K.) __ See also ol, in three places. =

And see ^Ut , in three places.

i-« • -« »»i • J .ji Si

ait and «it and *i\ and as! and ail : see ol.

ai
U*'i P'

J\: see

pronounced in three different ways ; and
^j*l : Bee %J\.

a a - si

lit and jj*! and ^jit : see vil.

• x St

»yt : see <Jl.

ii^il : see what next follows.

kjlil A man who says J»l much or often ; (M,

TA ;) as also ♦ iiyy, accord, to the copies of
the O and TS and K ; but in other lexicons

* iiy I : in the O, one w/io «ase* not <o *ay to
another j\} >_»l : in the Jm, the last of these three
words is explained as meaning one who ceases not
to say this at some of his affairs. (TA.)

£,& (T, 8, M, K) and J,l*l (T, TS, L, K) and

* Jl (8,M,K) and t Jit (T,L,K) and tail
(L, M) and * lit (M) and t &j, (T, M, s!
K, &c.,) of the measure iJLuij, [being originally

iiiUJ accord, to J, who appears to be right in
saying so, (IB,) and so accord, to Aboo-'Alee,
who states, on authority of Aboo-Bekr, that it
is thus in some of the copies of the Book of Sb,
(L,) though in other copies of that book said to
be of the measure ilsi, (IB, L,) A time ; (T, 8, M,
K ;) as in the sayings, oAJi * «_*t ^^Lc iUi 0^°>
ond *ilit (S,TA) and t*u'f, and T*Zit, and

* *alj, (TA,) Tliat was at the time of that ;
(s','tA;) and M £>& J> J$, (IAar, L,)
and JJUi olit ^, (IAar, T, M, L,) and *ilil,
(T,L,) and * «ij, (M,L,) and t*Ai|, (IAar, T,
L,) and **at, (M,L,) and t«3l, (M,) and

* *&?, (IAar,T,8,M,L,) preceded by ^,
(IAar, T, 8, &c.,) and by ^, (L,) Me came to
me at the time of that. (IAar, T, &c.)

••il a

♦y I : see >_il.

"• cf» «■ —• 81

\J\ and >_»l and wit and wit : see wit.
» • #

• • i %ss
iiy_jl : see Jut.

• a « • m

iiiJ : see &\i\ , in three places.

JUill o* uUU« [app. Holding back, by reason

of disgust, from fight ; as though saying ol

t , ,. Mi

at the mention thereof: see ail]. (TA.)

• . i

e

1. *«JI, (A'Obeyd,S, L, &c.,) aor. - , inf. n.

• if

lit, (L,) 1T«, [or it] rtrucA Aim, or Art Aim, [or

wJI — Jil

hurt Aim,] on the part of his head called the
£.y V.- (A 'Obeyd, S, L, Msb, K.) He who pro-
nounces f-ji\i without • says *a.ju. (Msb.)

• A-

>yU A man having his head broken in the
» A*

part called the £-jfli* (L.)

* A* • i»

*-yb> (Lth, Az, S, Msb, K,) as also *-yW>

without ., but the former is the more correct and
the better, (Lth, Az, Msb,) and is of the measure
JyiAj, (Lth, Az, S, Msb,) whereas the latter is
of the measure Jyli, (Lth, Az, Msb,) [The top,
vertex, or crown, oftltc head ; or the part of the
top of the head which is crossed by the coronal
suture, and comprises a portion of the sagittal
suture;] the part where the anterior and pos-
terior bones of the head meet ; (I£ ;) the place
that is in a state of commotion in the head of
an infant; (S;) the place which, in the head
of a child, does not close up until after some
years; or does not become knit together in its
several parts; and this is where the bone of the
anterior part of the head and that of its posterior
part meet; (Zj in his " Khalk el-Insan;") the
place that is soft, in a child's head, before the two

it' * *'

bones called the icUJ and icUj meet, between the

iuU [or middle of the head] and the forehead :

(L:) or the middle of the head when it has

become hard and strong ; before which it is not

thus called : (Msb :) pi. «^>iU ; (S ;) so in the

old lexicons [in general] ; but in the T and K

*~il^j [which is pi. of ~-yb without •; or, as pi.

\ ' . . h . I.

of f-jiV., " 'ike *->.)}£ as pi. of f-tJZ] ; and

because of this form of the pi., F says that J is
in error in mentioning the word in the present
art. : it has been shown, however, that J is not in
error in this case. (TA.) __ [Hence the saying,]
wJj-Ut M>ib j*J\ X Ye are the centres and summits
of the heads of nobility. (L, from a trad.) And
JfJDt f-j»\j t The main [or middle] part of the
night. (S, ]£.) __ [See also art. f-*i-]

Ji\

1. Jit, (JK, S, K,) aor. -. , (JK, K,) inf. n.
,ji\, (Tl£,) He went his own way, at random,
or heedlessly, (•x-lj ^J mj,) and went away in the
JUt [or regions, &c, of the land] : (Lth, J K, K :)
or he went away in, or into, the land, or country :
(S :) and he took his way into t/ie Jlil [or regions,
&c.,] of the land. (JK.)_ [Hence, app.,] Jit,
aor. as above; thus, says IB, accord, to Kz,
and thus it is given on the authority of Kr ;

(TA;) [see Jit;] or Jit, aor.-, (S, O, $,)

• ** * *

inf. n. Ji\ ; (S ;) He attained the utmost degree,

[as though he reached the Jit (or horizon, or

furthest point of view,)] in generosity; (S, O, K.;)

or in knowledge, or science; or in chasteness of

speech, or eloquence, and in the combination of

excellent qualities. (K.) — Also, Jiit, aor. ; ,

(Kr, Ibn-'Abbad, JK,£,) inf. n. Ji'l, (JK,TA,)

He overcame, or surpassed. (Kr, Ibn-'Abbad,

• >l
JK, K.) Ami, inf. n. Jyl, He was goodly,

or beautiful; lie possessed the quality of exciting

admiration and approval by his beauty and the

[Book I.

pleasingness of his aspect : said of a camel, and of

ahorse. (JK.) 4^ Jit (JK,TA) He (a

man) excelled him; namely, another man : (JK:)
or he preceded him in excellence ; or outwent him
therein; as also <uUI, aor. ; . (TA.) [It is like
iili.] _ ,IU*JI J> Jit, aor. - , (8, K,) inf. n. ji'l,
(TA,) He gave to some more than to others.
(S, K.) So in the saying of El-Aasha,

J* ' '• * • • ti > ' "

« suJii^yj { jl t sui\ JUUI *)) •

• jauj i»^»a\ j^i *ik^v •

[Nor the King En-Noamdn, on the day that I
met him, in his goodly, or happy, condition,
giving gifts, or stipends, or written obligations
conferring gifts, and giving to some more than
to others] : (S :) or the meaning is, writing
[writs of] gifts, and sealing them : or, as some

a*

say, taking his way into the Jjlil [or regions, &c.,]

of the land. (J K.) mm eiit, aor. - , (S, Msb,K,)

inf. n. Jit, (S, Msb,) lie tanned it (namely a

hide) until it became what is termed jyt. (S,

Msb,*K.)
' *•
5. to JtiU He (a man, As, TA) came to us
A » '
*>*' O-* [from a region, &c, of the land] : (As,

K :) or came to us, and alighted at our abode

as a guest : and in the Nawodir cl-Aarub, cu JiiU

is said to signify he reached him, or overtook

him ; as also <v jOiJ. (T A.)

Ml fU

Jiil : sec Jil.

*.t

fjii The main and middle part (o-- 1 ) of a

road; (K ;) the fare, or surface, thereof: (IAar,
K :) pi. Jlit. (K.) Hence the saying, *uJ
ijijjai\ JjI ^p ^jTJJ [Such a one sat upon the
main and middle part, or face, or surface, of
the road]. (TA.) — _ The flanks, or ilia : or,
as some say, shins; or shin; as in the saying,

,-iil O^IU ^ o^i / drank until I filled my
skin: (JK:) pi. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of
▼ aiit; (IAar;) which signifies the fianh ; (IAar,
^f;) as does also ▼iiii'. (Th, K.) — Also pi.,
(S, K,) or [rather] quasi-pl. n., (M, K,) of Jgit,
q.'v.(S,M,K.)

• c • (

^sl : sec Jisil, in two places.

Jit* (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) ond t JJ|
(»S, K) A side ; meaning a lateral, or an outward
or adjacent, part or portion ; or a part, region,
quarter, or tract, considered with respect to its
collocation or juxtaposition or direction, or con-
sidered as belonging to a whole; or a remote
side ; syn. i^.0 ; (JK, S, Mgh, M?h, K ;) and
a bonier, or an extremity ; (JK ;) of a land,
or of the earth ; and of the sky, or heavens :
( J K, Mgh, Msb:) [or the horizon, or part next
to the hori-zon, of the sky and of the earth ;] or
what appears of the sides (^^.lyJt) of the celestial
sphere, (K, TA,) and of the borders, or extremi-
ties, of the earth : (TA :) or the place whence
blows the south wind, and the north wind, and the
west wind, and the east wind: (K,»TA:) pi.
JUT : (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K :) and the sing,
also is used as a pi.; like Jili, as is said in

Book I.]

the Nh : (MF :) thus in the verse of E1-' Abbas,
in praise of the Prophet :

• jj^i Jjy* o;u»j u«

[ WAcn </«ou wast born, the earth became bright,
and the tracts of the horizon, or the regions, shone
with thy light] : or, as some say, Ji"9l is made

fern, by him as meaning i^UI. (TA.) The

■ -

phrase Ji^l «^-*«J O**" means When llie redness,

or whiteness, in the Jil [or horizon] disappears.

(Mgh.) Also, in like manner, The side, or

lateral part, of a tent: (JK:) or the part between
the [two] anterior [pieces of wood called the]

0'jj> *" '** if" 9 l mrt r " ,le<i ' Ac l (3b> of a tcnt :
(K :) and the sides, or lateral parts, of a tent of

the kind belonging to the Arabs of the desert.

,,i * t

(TA.) = Jil is also said to be a pi. of Jjil; but

this is disallowed by Lh. (TA.)ssScc also Jil.

iiit: sec Jil.^ Also A burying of a shin, or
/j/'(/e, in the earth, so that its luiir inny be re-
moved, and it nuiy become ready for tanning.
(Lth,K,*TA.) [SecJsil.]

"jUI, (ISk, J K, T, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) contr. to

rule, (T, Mfb,) and t ^1, (As, ISk, S, Mgh,
Msb, K,) agreeably with rule, (S,) being a rel. i>.

from Jil, (Msb,) and sonic (namely the lawyers,
in relation to pilgrimage and the like, MF) say
♦.JUI, (Mgh, MF,) which is incorrect, (Mgh,
Msb,) or whether it l>c correct, after the manner
of \Jj\*aJ\ and the like, requires consideration,
(MF,) an epithet applied to a man, (ISk,S,
Msb,) meaning One t«7to is front the Jlil [or
lateral parts, or regions,] of the land; (ISk,*S,
Msb;*) mentioned by Aboo-Nasr: (S, referring
to the Unit form of the word :) or one who goes
about in the JUI : (JK :) or one who goes through
the JliT of the land in search of sustenance : (K,*
TA :) as also * Jlil. (K,TA.) i£i J^l or ii. ^jf\
means He who is without the place* wltere the
pilgrims coming to Mvhhch enter upon the state of

>ljil. (Mgh.)

s ,i a .%

.Jbl : sec .yul.

Jsil : see Jil. — Applied also to a bucket
(>**)» nieaning Excelling other buckets. (AA,
K.) = Also, (As, Th, JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K,)
and * iie»l, (K,) or the latter is a more particular
term than the former, like as »jJ»- is more so
than jJ*., (Mgh,) and * Jil, (K, [but see what
follows,]) The shin, or hide, that is not completely
tanned, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) so tluit it is unsub-
stantial, not firm, or strong, or tough : (Mgh :)
when its tanning is complete, and it becomes red,
it is termed ~»,»t : therefore J^il is of the measure
^ai in the sense of tbe measure JyuU : (Msb :)
or in the second stage of it* tanning ; for in the
first stage it is termed if^U ; then, J s *t ; and then,
jg>i\ : (TA :) or that it tanned, but before it is
tewed : (As, S, K :) or before it it cut, or tlit :
(K :) or when it comet forth from the tan, it*

Jil — Jii\

tanning being finished, (JK, TA,) its [original]
odour being [still] in it : (TA :) or after it it
tanned: (Msb:) or not tanned: (Th, TA :) or
that is tanned without liji or ^Joj\ or any of the
tans of the people of Nejd : (TA :) ISd says, I
think that Th has mentioned * Jil as syn. with
J«il, and explained it as signifying the thin, or
hide, that is not tanned; but I am not sure of it:
(TA :) the pi. is Jil, (Lh, JK, S, Msb, K,) like
as Jol is pi. of^^l, (S,) or this is a quasi-pl. n.,
(M, K,) and Jil (JK, K) is allowable, (JK,) or,
accord, to Lh, it is not allowable, (TA,) and [pi.
of pauc] iiil, (As, S, K,) like as iol and iiijl
are pis. of ^jl and JUj- (As, S.) * ii-il sig-
nifies also A .liL [or shin for water or milh &c]
made of a hide of the kind termed Jjil. (Mgh.)
And Jjil also signifies The thin of a man, and of
any beast. (TA.)

•' ' • ' .

4Juit : sec Jjil, in two places.

• Sit 1 't

Jlil : sec ^iil.

JiT, (S, K, &c.,) of the measure J*li, (S, Kz,
TA, [in tlic CK Jil, and in like manner in a
copy of the JK,]) from Jil, (S,K,) or, as IB
says, accord, to Kz, from Jil, aor. - , and so
accord, to Kr, and shown to be of the measure
^li by several verses in which it occurs, (TA,)
One who has attained the utmost degree in gene-
rosity ; (S, K ;) or in knowledge, or science ; or
in chastettess of speech, or eloquence, and in the
combination of excellent qualities ; (K ;) as also
t Jjjf: (K:) fem. with 5. (IF,K.) Also applied
to a horse, Generous with respect to both parents:
fem. widi 5. (S.) And applied to a camel, That
excites admiration and approval by his generous-
ness, excellence, high blood, or tlte lilte; (JK;)
and so ▼ Jil, (JK, S,K,) applied to a horse, (S,
K,) and a mare, (JK, S, K,) and a she-camel.
(JK.)

■, » *.i

iiil : sec Jil.

I .- 3 .t

jJlil : see . JA\.

U™

.ilil

1. Oft, nor. ; , inf. n. M\, (with fet-h, S, TA,
its only form, TA, [in die CK <iUI,]) He changed
his, or its, manner of being, or state; (S, K ;) and
he turned him, or it, (i. e., anything, Msb,)
away, or back; (S, Msb,K;) t^yiJI O* [from
the thing] ; (S ;) or a^J O* [from his, or its,
mode, or manner, of being, &c] : (Msb :) so in
the Kur xlvi. 21, UyJ ^ UGU UlVl Hast
thou come to us to turn us away, or back, from
our gods? (Bd:) or he turned him away, or
back, by lying : (TA :) or he changed, or per-
verted, his judgment, or opinion: (K:) or he
deceived him, or beguiled him, and so turned him
away, or back : and simply he deceived him, or
beguiled him: and «iUl signifies he was turned
from hit judgment, or opinion, by deceit, or guile.

(TA.) It is said in the Kur [li. 9], o^ '**■ iuj/
jlil, i. e., He will be turned away from it
(namely, the truth,) mho it turned away in the
foreknowledge of God: (TA:) or, accord, to

Mujahid, ^>il ,>• ii* 'J& i 1 " miU be meak *»
intellect and judgment to at to be thereby turned
away from it who it weak in intellect and judg-
ment]. (S, TA.) You say also, J* J4-/H «*W»
m^JI Tlte man wat turned away, or back, from
good, or prosperity. (Sh.) And «£»l, (K, TA,)
inf. n. as above, (TA,) He forbade him what he
wuhed, (K, TA,) and turned him away, or back,

from it. (TA.) M\, aor. -, ; (Msb, £ ;) and

M, aor. '-; (IAar, K;) inf. n. ii'l (Msb, K)

and ibl and Jiil and &jt\\ (K;) He lied;
uttered a falsehood ; said nltat wat untrue ;
(Msb, £ ;) as also * J&, (K,) inf. n. AjV :
(TA :) because a lie is a saying that is turned
from its proper way, or mode. (Bd in xxiv. 11.)

JjJt jiif, aor. - , inf. n. jlil, He told the

people what wat false; J\i\ and suSi\ being
like J'jJ» and £jJ». (Az, TA.) — jiil
U^i, (K,) inf. n. M\; (TA;) or the verb is
▼ iUT; (so in the printed edition of Bd, xlvi. 27;)
He, or tr, made such a one to lie, or tay what

wat untrue. (K.) __ iiil He wat weak [at
though perverted] in hit intellect and judgment
or opinion. (K,* TA.) But all! «£il as meaning
God rendered weak hit intellect is not used. (L,
TA.)_J It (a place) was not rained upon, and
had no vegetation, or lurbage. (K, TA.)

2 : sec 1.
4: sec 1.

8. SjJUt --&■>* [written with the disjunctive
alif cii^lL (S, K,) \jilf, (S,) The land, or
district, or tlte town, or tlte like, was, or became,
overturned, or subverted, (S, K,) with its inhabit-
ants : (S :) as were the towns of the people of
Lot. (TA.)_ Hence it is said of El-Basrah,
,j*>f» VUW C-fa" 'I >>*, meaning J It hat been
submerged with its inhabitants twice ; as though
subverted. (Sh.)_You say also, iU3 c . Cfc d
l>»j*^I I That land hat been burnt up by drought.
(IAar.)

J\i\ [an inf. n. used as a subst. ;] A lie ; a
falsehood; (S,TA;) as also ti^i( : pi. (of the
latter, K) jfclif. (S,K.) You say, *i4*fJj W, and

* 1 * *

* ii-i'Jj C ; [and T 2S$Syi, using the dim. form
for the purpose of enhancement; i. e. O the lie!
and the great lie .'] the J with fet-h denoting
calling to aid ; and with kesr denoting wonder, as
though the meaning were, O man, wonder thou
at this great lie. (TA.)

2&I [so in the TA, without any syll. signs ;
app. either <&il, an inf. n. of un., or T iiil, like
is*b ;] A punishment sent by God, whereby the
dwellings of a people are overturned : occurring
in a trad, relating to the story of the people of
Lot (TA.)

iiil ii-« J A year of drought or sterility : (K,

70

TA:) pi. Jx±\ 3 \ [contr. to rule, aa though the
eing. weret&T]. (Z, TA.)

Jyi : see iJlil.

jVe»l One who is turned from hi* judgment, or

opinion, by deceit, or guile ; aa also ♦ J^iU. ( K.)
... Lacking strength or /ran-CT- or ability, and
having little prudence and artifice. (Lth, K.)=

See also jlif.

Ii ' ••

iOt: »ee iJil, in three places Also A

tevere, or distressing, calamity. (Ibn-Abbad.)

%...l t.

aj^il : aee .-Ait.

Jlil A great, or habitual, liar ; (S, Msb, K ;)
at also t jy{ f (Mab, K,) and * J^il : (K :) fcm.
of the- first [and last] with 5: but the second is
botft masc. and fem. : (Msb :) the pi. of the

second is Aii with dainin [i. e. ibl, accord, to
the rule of the K, but the TA seems to indicate

that it ia j\»\, by likening it to the pi. of J9 ~o].

CEO

k*T: aee 3&\ : and ace k»l 3jL.

i)yU [Changed in hit, or ir«, manner of being,
or stars : turned away, or fcacA, /row a AtM :
tec] : aee &£\. _ TTsan [as rAou^A perverted]
in hie intellect (AZ, 8, K) ana" judgment or
opinion ; aa also £jiU : (AZ, S :) accord, to
A'Obeyd, (or AA, aa in one copy of the 8,) a
man who dues not attain, or obtain, good, or pros-
perity. (8.) —Also, (K,) fem. with i, (S,K,)
t A place, (K,) or land, (»>;!, S, Z,) not rained
upon, and having no vegetation, or herbage. (S,

z,K.)

Ol&jjl (S, K) and talpt, (TA,) both
occurring in the Kur, [the former in ix. 71 and
lxix. 9, and the latter in liii. 54,] The cities over-
thrown, or subverted, by Ood, upon the people of
Lot. (?,K.) — The former also aignifiea The
wind* that turn over [the surface of] the earth,
or around : (K :) or the winds that blow from
different quarters : it ia said (by the Arabs, S)
that when these winds blow much, the earth (i. e.
its seed-produce, TA) thrivea, or yielda increase.
(S,K,TA.)

1. Ji'f, (T, 8, Msb, K,) said of a thing, (Mab,)
or of the moon, (T,) and cJil, said of the sun,
(T,§, M,) and of the stars, (M,) aor. ; and '- ,
inf. n. Jyi (T, 8, M, Msb, K) and Jif, (M,
Msb,) It wot, or became, absent, or hidden, or
concealed; (T, 8, Msb, K ;) it set; (T, 8, M,
&c ;) and so Ji\, *or. - . (K.)_ Hence, Jil
jJUl O* u"^* Such a one became absent, or went
away, from the country, or town. (Msb.)

J-» I A yoim# cams/ svcA <u u termed ^UJ J*l
[i. e. fAat Aa< entered it* second year] ; (As, £1-
Fardbee,8,M,Msb,K;) and the like; (8;) or,
and also such a* i* above this [in age]; (£1-
Farabee, M, Msb, K ;) or, and also such a* it
termed Or* 0*[ [»■ e - that *«* entered the third

year]; beyond which it is not so called: (As,
TA:) or that is seven months old, or eight: (As,
Msb:) or a youthful camel: (AZ, Msb :) and
also (M, K) a young weaned camel; syn. J-r* :
(T, M, Msb, K :) fem. with J : (As, S :) pi. JUt
(T, S, M, K) and JJlil, (Sb, S, M, K,) which
latter they liken to ^-3Ui as pi. of vy'i- (M.)
[In my copy of the Msb, the pi. is said to be
Allit : and it is also there said, on the authority of
IF, that Atlil signifies the young ones of sheep.]
It is said in a prov., J^l ^. j£ai (Jj [The
stallion-camel is only that which has increased in
growth from the young one in its second year,
&c]; i. e. what is great has begun small. (TA.)

Jil part. n. of 1, (T, TA,) applied to the moon,
and to^ any star : (TA :) fem. with i : (T, TA :)
pi. o>kJ (Kur vi. 76 [the rational form of the pi.
being there used because it is applied to stars as
being likened to gods]) and JM and Jy'f. (TA.)

Ail

•if , »** , »«J ••< til » ,i

Ail and <ol and Ail and as I and Ail and »*il

and tyl : see <J>\.

Ox"

0>e*'» L»*e JyU^, but this is of a very extr.
measure; or, as some write it, .*i*il, like ', J r'r
&c.;J oro>«ij, [»Keo^;] (accord, to different
copies of the K, art. (jji ;) [an arabicized word,
from the Greek inrtor, either immediately or
through the Persian (Jjei 1 ; meaning Opium :]
the milk [or juice] of the black Egyptian JSU l 'i
[or popy>y, or papaver somnifcrum] ; (Kl ;) or the
milk of the ui U,,:* , r/*« oc*t o/ Witc/i m </te
6ZacA Egyptian ; (TA ;) or the expressed juice
of the black Egyptian JA± lei , dried in the
sun: cold and dry in the fourth degree: (Ibn-
Seena, or Avicenna, i. 133 :) beneficial for hot
tumours, especially in the eye ; torporific (to the
intellect, TA) : t'n a small quantity, beneficial,
and soporific : in a large quantity, a poison :
(K [the lexicographers regard the word as
Arabic :] some, among whom is the author of
the lj£L, hold that it belongs to art. s j t i : others,
that it belongs to art j^JI. (TA.)

• » # tl

ijtjaJH : see art. y*J-

iail

1. iiil, aor. . , (S,^,) inf. n. ill, (S,) He
made it (namely food) with J*5I, q. v. infra.
(§, J£..) _ Also, (acr. and inf. n. as above, TA,)
He fed him with kit: (A'Obeyd, IC :) like i3

from ,>J, and »U from U : Lh mentions the
verb in this sense as used without its being made
transitive. (TA.) _ [L*\ in the CK is a mistake
for Jail, q. v.]

4. iil, (Lh,^, [in the CK, incorrectiy, ikSI,])
of the measure JjoI, agreeably with a common
rule, applying to anything, (Lh, TA,) He had

[Boos I.

much Jail; his Jail became much, or abundant.
(Lh, K.)

8. J*aZjI [written with the disjunctive alif JaiLl]
/Tc mnrfc, or prepared, Jail : (S :) strangely
omitted in the O and in the ]£. (TA.)

iil (Fr,Az,S, Msb,K) and lit (Fr,0,K)
and iil (Fr,K) and lil, (8,0,Msb,K,) the
last sometimes occurring in poetry, and formed
from the first, by transferring the vowel of the J
to the preceding letter, (S,) or a contraction of
the second, accord, to a common usage of [the
tribe of] Temeem in the cases of words of this

measure, (O,) and Ut (K) and iil, (As, K,) of
all which the first is the most chaste, and the
last is strange, (TA,) [A preparation of dried
curd;] a preparation of, or thing made from,
milk (Az, Msb, K) ofsliee.p or goats, (K,) which
lias been churned, and of which the butter has
been taken, (Az, M?b, K,) rooked, arid then left
until it becomes concrete: (Az, Msb :) or made
from the milk of camels, in particular: (IAar:)
or milk which is dried, and has become liard,
like stone; with which one cooks; repeatedly
mentioned in trads. : (TA :) or a thing made
from milk; being a kind of cheese : (Harp. 687:)

pi. oU»»'i. (K.)

il»l A maker o/Jaif. (TA.)

• >t, t

J»yU Food made with Jail. (S.)

1. J^>l He trod wheat. (IAar, K.)

2. o£>i, inf. n. J^feU, i. q. j^,j, (S, Msb, K,)
of which it is a dial. var. ; (S ;) but it is not so
chaste as the latter, and by some is disallowed.
(TA.)

4. j£a\ i. q. «v£>jl. (S in art. j£»y)

5. j£»15 i. q. j£ayi. (S and K. in art. «*£»j.)

il£»l sing, of Jjlibf and J^>U, (K,) both of
which are irrcg. in relation to their sing., (TA,)
signifying (i. c. the pis.) Thongs, or straps, by
which f/ie ^r>»J it bound to the two side-boards
of a horse's siuLlle. (K.) [See also >\£»y]

t (

.Xe^l Firm ; (K, TA ;) applied to a covenant,

or compact. (TA.)

1. y=>l, aor. - , inf. n. jS»\, He tilled the

ground ; ploughed it up for towing. (Msb.)

He dug the ground. (TA.) _ He cut, or dug,

a river, or canal, or rivulet. (Msb.) Andysl,

aor i , (TA,) inf. n. as above ; (K ;) and *yLb ;
(K ;) He dug a hollow, or cavity, in the ground,
for water to collect therein and. to be baled out
therefrom clear : (K, TA :) or \j£>\ t jjLlS signi-
fies he dug hollows, or cavities, in the ground. (S.)

3. »j£>1, (TK.) inf.n. S^fc, (S,K,) He
made a contract, or bargain, with him to till
and sow and cultivate land for a share of it*
produce; syn. of the inf. n. fy£J». (S, K, TA)
The doing of this is forbidden. (TA.)

Book I.]
5 : see 1, in two places.

5y=»l A hollow, or cavity, dug in the ground,

(8, Msb, £,) in which mater collect*, and from

• * I
roAtcA tt t» baled out clear : (K :) pi. j£>\. (S,

Msb.) ■ Also a dial. var. of YjL, (K.) [A 6a«]

with which one play*: (TA :) [and a sphere, or

globe :] but it is of weak authority. ($.)

•jli»t , as used in practical law, Land which i*
given by its owners to men who sow and cultivate
it [app. for a certain share of its produce : see
3]. (Mgh.)

jl£»l A tiller, or cultivator, of land : (Msb,
K:) pi. ij£»\ ; as though it were pi. of^t,
(8, Msb, $,) like as S>£» is pi of >Ub. (Msb.)

S. »_tt£>NI vJ^>l, inf. n. Jc&U, i/e made the
wilfel ; (1£ ;) as also a*£>j, inf. n. \J^yi ;
which latter, accord, to 1 F, is the original form.
(TA.) Sec also 4.

4. jli-Jl o£>K (S,Mgh,Msb,IC,) inf.n. Jl^l,
(K,) He bound, (S, K, TA,) or put, (Msb, TA,)
the «_»l£>t i/;»m '/«• w ; (8, Msb, K ;) as also
* k&l j *(Sgli, K ;) and '*i&> 3 \ ; (8, Mgh, K ;)
which is of the dial, of the people of El-Hijiiz ;
the first being of the dial, of Benoo-Tcmecm :
and in like manner, JiJI the mule. (Lh.)

Jl£»l (8, Mgh, Msb, K) and Jl£>», (K,) as
also JV£>^ (S, Mgh, Msb, JC.) and Jv£>], (K

in art. »J£>j,) The **■)>}>, [i. c. pad, or stuffed
saddle, generally stuffed with straw,] (]£,) of the
ass, (S, Mgh, MhI), K,) and also used for the
mule, and for the camel ; (TA in art. »_*£=>_) ;) a
saddle like the J*»j and »_^5 : (TA :) and a saddle
of a horse made in the form of the a**'* ol£»t,
having at its fore part [or pommel] a thing
resembling a pomegranate : (Mgh :) [see also
,^ii :] pi. [of pauc] U£o\ (TA) and [of mult.]

vii>1. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA.) Yaakoob asserts
that the I in \J\£o\ is a substitute for the • in
yj\£sy (TA.) A rdjiz says,

t[0/" tAe eaters o/what they purchase with the
price of water, wrongfully, I do not see any attain
good after their eating of what they have pur-
chased with the price of the water,] he means
a people who used to sell water and purchase
with the price thereof what they would eat :
(TA :) [for you say, \j& ji»l as meaning jHe
ate the price of such a thing : see another ex. voce
wil^l ; and another voce (^jkJ.]__The saying,
in the ^ur [v. 70], wli ^ ^ o* lji**j
^v-Vj 1 [They should eat things above them and
tilings beneath their feet] means, their means of
subsistence should be made ample; (Bd, TA ;)
by the pouring of the blessings of the heaven and
the earth upon them ; or by the abundance of the
fruit of the trees, and the produce of the grains
sown ; or by their being blessed with gardens
of ripe fruits, so that they should gather them
from the upper part of each tree, and pick up
what should have fallen upon the ground. (Bd.)

_*i£>l «iuLJl [lit. His eating became cut off,

or stopped,] means \he died; [see also J£s\ ;]
and so <Uj=>I ^»y^l [lit. he completed his eating].

(TA.) __ *5jj Ji»l [lit He ate his life,] means
t he became extremely aged, and his teeth fell out,
one after another. (TA.) — Jjli\ jialj yi,

and ^tJlvt^aJ J^=>b [lie eat* men, and eat*
the flesh of men,] means J he defame* men ; or
does to in tlieir absence : (TA :) and the action
thus signified may be [with words, or by making
signs] with the side of the mouth, and with the
eye, and with the head. (TA in art. >»* ) It is

. » * ■ » i

A

meaning [ Verily we have some lean asses] which
eat every night the price of an ol^t. (TA.)

yJ\£o\ The maker of the kind of saddle called
wil&1. (K.)

Jfr!

1. «&t, [aor. t ,] inf. n. Ji»l and Ji»U, [He
ate it,] (S, 1£,) namely, food. (§.) Er-Rum-

1/1

manee says that J^l properly signifies The

swallowing food after chewing it; so that the
swallowing of pebbles is not properly thus termed :
(Msb:) or, accord, to Ibn-El-Kemal, the convey-
ing, or transmitting, to the belly what may be
chewed, whether [tlie thing be] chewed or not; so
that it docs not apply to milk, nor to Jm>-. : and
as to the saying of the poet,

said in the Kur [xliz. 12], ^jl
** * t * • * * t t'
U~« «e*»t j^J J£>k [^^ Would any one of you

like to eat the flesh of hit brother when dead ?] ;

defamation, or defamation of the absent, being

meant thereby. (S, # Ibn-'Arafch, Bd, Jel.) — —

\->fZ>} l««^ c^ 3 ' I [He ate the flesh of my theep,

and drank the milk of them, means, like J^l

j^IU, he ate, fed upon, devoured, or consumed,

my wealth, or property : see 2]. (TA.) _

v^JokaJI jUI cJL&t \The fire devoured, or mh-

sutned, tlie firewood. (S, Mgh.) _ tjUfcl cJ^I

SjU. ■> II I [Tlie stones wore away his nails]. (TA.)

_jyi l^fel ^ ^i ityl t[7V«e 3 in ^,
<Ae (_j ha* swallowed it up] ; because it is originally
^£ii/* ■ a phrase occurring in the 'Eyn. (TA.)
^>j+c J£>l I He consumed hi* life. (Mgh.)_
It is said in a trad., (TA,) J£»\3 i£L oj-i
\jji)\ I [I have been commanded to have given
unto me a town which thai! devour the other
town*] ; (K, TA ;) said to be Yethrib [afterwards
called El-Mcdceneh] ; (TA ;) i. e., the people
of which shall conquer the [other] towns and
make spoil of their possessions : or it denotes the
superior excellence of that town ; and is like the

saying, ^jU^I Ji>U >i-jjl- ijjk [This it a
tradition which does away with, or overrule*, the
other tradition*]. (Sgh .$, TA.) ^k&I ji»l

71
,,^13)1 means I The knife'* cutting the fleth. (TA.)

— i^-'j j^» inf - n - ^4 Md *-'^ > ' and •- , ^ , ' ,

t My head itched. (?, TA.) An Arab was
heard to say, [as is often said in the present day,]

^fJj^h (JJJ^- 1 My thin itches. (TA.)—» JJ=>I,
aor. '- , (K,) inf. n. ji.1, (TA,) J It (a limb, or
member, [and a sore,] and a piece of stick, or
wood,) became corroded or cankered, or decayed,
by the mutual eating away of it* several part* f
as also t J£i3l [written with the disjunctive alif
jii.ll.widvj^k ($,TA.)_o^l*-H£»<»
(S, Msb, K,) aor. and inf. n. as in the next pre-
ceding sentence, (Msb,) \The teeth rubbed together
and watted away ; by reason of age ; (S ;) or fell
out, one after another: (Msb:) or broke in
pieces, or became much broken : (J$. :) and
tcJibU signifies the same; (S, Msb;) and so

♦ cJUm. (§•) ii&t ci£>», aor. S inf.n.

Jl&l, iThe she-camel experienced an itching
and annoyance in lier belly, (8, O, $,) from the
growth of tlie liair, (8, 0,) or from the growth
of tlie fur, (K,) of her'fcetu*. (8, O, %.)

2. [*X£»1, inf. n. Je&U, He made him to eat

a thing.] *£ij ^U j£>\, (S, ?,) inf. n. as

above, (I£,) [lit. JBTt moae people to eat my
property, and made them to drink it,] means
t he fed men, or the people, with my property, of

cattle. (8,^,TA.)_v^O 6^U J}* J^»
(so in some copies of the K and in the TA,) or
•i/s^t) J^»ii> 0*0 in two copiesof the § and in
a copy of the $») [of which the former is app.
the right reading, as the lit meaning seems to be
My cattle pasted the day made to eat and made
to drink,] i. e., \patturing as they pleated. (§,

]£,TA.) ;J^M *JL£»», inf.n. as above, \He

charged against him, or accused him of doing, tlie
thing; as also * ijLfi»T, (K, TA,) inf. n. JUJt
(TA.) In [some of] the copies of the £» for
»Ujt, we here find, erroneously, *lej. (TA.)
You say, Ji>T^ U ^j&L's [lit Thou hast made
me to eat what I have not eaten,] meaning I thou
hast charged against me, or accused me of doing,
what I have not done; as also t ^3^ 1. (§,
TA.) So too, vj^'O £ t^P 1, (§ and ^ in
artv^-O

3. 'eJ£>\, inf.n. ai.1V* (§»?) an > d J^J* (?»)
7/e a/e n>t{A Aim ; (8, K ;) as also A&bj, though
of weak authority ; (K ;) or this latter is not
allowable. (S, Sgh.) ii£a\£ which is for-
bidden in a trad, is t A debtor'* giving a thing to
his cre-Htor in order that he may abstain from
taking the debt. (TA.)

4. J£>T, [inf. n. Jl£>J,] said of the palm-tree,
and of seed-produce, (8, £,) and of any tiling,
(S,) It had ripe fruit ; it supplied food. (8, £.)

,-^£)l Jj£>T, (S, $,) inf. n. as above, (§,) He

gave him to eat the thing ; he fed him with the
thing. (S,* K. ) — See also 2, in two places. __
jUI J^l t He fed, or supplied, the fire with fuel
(S.)_- ,^-UI ^y„t Jfef, (A,K,) inf. n. as above,
(8, 0,) J He buried himtelf among the people
with propagating calumnies : (8, 0, TA :) or Ae
created, or excited, disagreement, dissension, or

72

$!rife, among them; or made, or did, mischief
among them: (A, TA :) or he incited them, one

against another. ($.) £yi j&£a\, (S,) or

C^li li^i J£>~\, ($, [in the C£, erroneously,

-j>* «J^»]) ♦ * made thee, (S,) or he made such
a one, (£,) to have dominion, or authority, or
power, over such a one. (S, JC.)

5. J^U : see 1, latter part, in two places : —
and see also 8. _ Also, said of a sword, (S, K,)
and of silver (£, TA) molten, (TA,) and of
lightning, and of collyrium, and of aloes, (K,)
and of any tiling shiny, (TA,) J It shone, gleamed,
or glistened, (S, £, TA,) much, or intensely; (£;)
when said of a sword, by reason of its sharpness.
(S,TA.)

8. J£Z\ [with the disjunctive alif Ji%t] : see

1, latter part, in two places. __J£jli iUIi Ul
Dost thou not cease to eat our flesh, [i. e., to
wound our reputations, (see 1,)] and to defame
us? (Aboo-Nasr, TA.) But sec below CJUSM

jUI t The fire flamed, or blazed, vehemently; as
though one part thereof devoured another. (TA.)
_tU* Jfctfl, (£,) or ^Jxill ^, (§,) l He
burned, or burned fiercely, with, or fty reason of,
anger. (S, £.) The phrase mentioned above,
J£U JA-L3 Ul, is also cited as an ex. of this
meaning. (S, TA.) You sny likewise, *U J&SI
I He was, or became, angry with him, and excited,
or provoked, against him, ($, TA,) and vehement,
or .tfiiTc ; (T A ;) as also «tu t J£»\3. (£.)

10. . Jy£)l aJL£>UwI I 7f« <wAerf, or %<7«f, o/
Aim fo assign to him the thing, or to make it be
to him, as a means of subsistence, or a thing to be

eaten. (K, TA.) — &LeJI JiblilJ \He takes

Jfcl

[xiii. 35], J^b #£>| [J/, ^«/| 8 hall be per-
petual] : (S, TA :) meaning that the fruits thereof
shall be not as those of the present world, which
come to one at one time and not at another.
(TA.) [PI. Jl&f; occurring in the M and K in
art. yt.] — { Means of subsistence : (K :) worldly
good fortune, (S,K,) and ample means of subsist-
ence. (S.) You say, J£»\ £ {fjj J Such a one
is possessed of worldly good fortune, and ample
means of subsistence : (S :) and J^^JI

(8,&, TA) and devours (TA) the possessions of
the weak ones. (8,5,TA.)

Jiil: see Ji>t.

J&l inf. n. of J&l [q. v.] Jfel *iull J>

I In his teeth is a rubbing together and wasting
away ; by reason of age. (8, TA.) See also Jil

Jfi»( [partn. of J£>f] iX£»\ Si\i fA she-
camel experiencing an itching and annoyance in
her belly, (8, £,) from the growth of the hair,
(? ( ) or from the growth of the fur, (1£,) of her
foetus. (8, K.)__ [J^>^)l is erroneously put, in
the CK, for j&y, in a sense explained below.]

Ji>l and ♦ JM] (?, Msb,S, &c. ;) the latter
a contraction of the former ; (Msb ;) What is
eaten ; (8, Msb, TA ;) as also *Sii»l and *aii»l

(Lh, TA) and ♦ 2\£sL and » SSJdL (M ? b, £)

i i jL
and »Jy»U; (Lh, Msb;) any eatable; i.e.

anything tluit is eaten ; (8 ;) and t Jl£»t signifies
[the same, an eatable, or] food. (S,TA.) You
say of one who is dead, iSJ»\ *SJu\ [His food
has become cut off, or stopped: in die TA, sSs»\ :
see 1], (8.) And t •Jl&l „£j> u I have not
tasted food (8, T A.) — Fruit (S, $ [in the
latter of which, in some copies, li£j| is put for
j**J\, erroneously, as is said in the TA]) of palm-
trees and other trees [fcc.]. (S.) So in the Kur

: possessed of [great] good fortune; or of a [great
and] good share of the means of subsistence.
(TA.) _ J Thickness, substantialness, or closeness
or compactness of texture, of a garment, or piece
of cloth ; (S, $, TA ;) and strength thereof. (K.)

v ' ! ' * *»

You say J^l ^} ^y J ^1 garment, or piece of
cloth, having thickness, &c. : and Jj&I ^ v&j*
\ paper liaving thickness, &c. (S* TA.) \ In-
telligence ; judgment; (Aboo-Nasr, S,K;) firm-
ness of intellect. (K,TA.) Yousiiy jial^ijlj
I A man possessing intelligence and judgment.
(Aboo-Nasr, S, TA.)

3jJo\ A single act of eating (S, Mgh, Msb, £)
until one is satisfied. (S.) Hence the saying,

JllaJI^ l\ji&\ ^,Ui£»l iliijl, meaning That to

which people are accustomed is two acts of eating,

the eating of the morning-meal and that of the

evening-meal. (Mgh.) See also ii&l, in two

* i i
places. — And see J^»l, first sentence.

Ul *

iX£=>\ A morsel, or small mouthful, of food.

(S, Mgh, Msb, IC.) [For the pi., sec below.] You
say, ij^-\ i ii&>\ cJlisI I ate one morsel (S.)

And iX&l <cji-b J&l t[//« «<« a morsel by
meant of defaming Am brother] is said, in a trad.,
of a man who is on terms of brotherhood with
another, and then goes to his enemy, and speaks
of him in a manner not good, in order that he
may give him a present for doing so. (TA.)__
A small round cake of bread; syn. 2u>jS; (S,K;)
a single ^e^ : (Mgh :) pi. j£»\, as below. (TA.)

— See also J^l Also + i. q. Ud> ; (S, ^ ;)

which is also syn. with t iii=.U ; (S, Msb, K, in
art ^»«l» ;) i. e. An assigned, or appointed, means
of subsistence ; such as a grant of a tract of land;
and a tax, or portion of a tax or taxes; and the

like ; (Mgh in explanation of i**i», and TA in
explanation of tin? same and of aJ&U in art. >c *l> ;)
and [it is also said that] ▼ iiiaU signifies a thing
that is assigned, or appointed, or granted, to a
man, so that he is not to be reckoned with, or
called to account, for it : (TA in the present art. :)
[thus it applies to any absolute grant, either of
land, (as an allodium, an appanage, $c.,) or of

revenue:] pi. Ji»l (£) [and app. also Jl£»T,
which see below]. You say, M ii^l i'Jl\ ijuL

This thing is a i»*i» ro t/iee, or for thee. (S.)

See also ijUsl. = Also, and ♦ HL\ (S, Z, Sgh,

Kl) and • iiL\, (Kr, ^,) J Defamation ; or de-
famation oftlte absent. (S, Z, Sgh, K.) You say,
iX£>l j Jj <& and * ii&l (8, TA) and * aj&l

[Book I.

(TA) J Verily he is one who defames men ; or,
who does so in their absence. (S, TA.)

!' •

aX&I A mode, or manner, (K,) or state, or

condition, (S, K,) t» which one eats : (S, ^ :*) like

«t ,.. w » and i^>j : (S, TA :) and the posture of

the eater, reclining or sitting. (TA.) You say,
* • # * * * jfl
iX^NI ^j .*) 4J! [Fisri/y Ae Aa* a yoori mode,

kc., of eating]. (S.) See also 3jJm\, last two

sentences. __ t The itcA : or an itching : (S, K :)

as also t Jl£,|, (As,S,K,) [see ^ij ^S^\, of
which both are said to be inf. ns.,] and T JJJ»\ :
(K :) so the last is written accord, to the correct
copies of tlie 1^ : accord, to Esh-Shihah, in the

Shifil cl-Ghnlcel, it would seem to be liml ; but
this is at variance with the authority of the leading
lexicologists: the same word, SJL£»l, is also ex-
plained in the K. as signifying a disease in a liml,
or member, in consequence of which one part is
[as it were] eaten by another ; [a meaning which

I believe to be correct, (see Jli»l,) although SM
says,] but this is identical with the itch, or an

itching : and " (j'jUfel is a vulgar terra for the

* tt "
same; and so is "Ufel, with medd, given as

correct by Eth-Tha'ulibcc, in [his book entitled]

the Muditf and Mensoob, but disallowed by El-

Khafiijcc. (TA.) One says, ^JuL^. ^ j».^' ^J\

iX&J t [Verily I exjicrience in my body an itch-

ing.] (S.)

«< i m r •

U£>t : sec iX£>\.

i

ttet « ■ i

*X£>\ : sec Jj£>1.

• ' » I |r •

0^>l : sec iX£o\.

Jl&l : sec J^l, first and second sentences.

Jlfel I A corrosion, or cankering, or decaying,
of a limb, or member, [and of a sore,] from tke
mutual eating away of its several parts; as also
*Jl£»l. (K,TA.) [Sec also SJ£>\, voce il4l ,
where a similar meaning is assigned to the former
of these two words ; and the same seems to be
indicated in the Msb.] — _ See also another signifi-

cation voce il£»l Jlfel l^, said of a she-
camel, t She has an itching and annoyance in her
belly, (S, K,) from the growth of the hair, (S,)
or of tlie fur, (K,) of Iter foetus. (S, £.)

Jlfet : see J\£»\.

J^ial J4J and t iX£»\ and * J-*>( all signify
die same ; (K ;) i. c. A man who eats much ;
[who is a great eater; edacious; voracious;] as

alsotjll,'. (TA.)

< c

J-£>l One. who eats with another. (S, TA.)_

Sec also J£»l:_and sec J^/=>l. = 7. q. TJ^£>U
[as signifying Eaten]. (TA.) __Sce also iL&l.

•- i *

a!^£»I A sheep, or goat, which is set apart (8,

Msb, K) to be eaten, (S, Mgh, 5») ['• e-] to be
slaughtered, (Msb,) and which is fattened, (8,
Mgh,) and the taking of which by the collector of
the poor-rate is disapproved; (S;) not left to
pasture by itself, being of the best of the beasts :
(Msb :) and * iL-=l occurs in the same sense.

Book I.]

applied to a sheep, or goat, fattened to be eaten.
(Mgh.) Hence the prov., aj^fel S£ ^j* [lit.
Pasturage, and no <U^>1] ; meaning t wealth
collected together, and none expended. (TA.) —
Also Darren; applied to a sheep or goat [app.
because such is generally eaten]. (If.)

<U^£>I : see what next follows.

aJU=>l and * Je&l and * iJy£»l, with two
dammehs, (If,) so in the copies of the K, but
perhaps a mistake for ♦ iX&l, (TA,) a word of a
bad dial., (K,» TA,) and * Jybli and * Jfrl£-,
(IS., TA, [in some copies of the former of which,
instead of ^ijjlj J^>Olj <U-«$ ^»j, mean-
ing, as is said in the TA, *»-~S i*J ^ykj occ, we

find J£>t>Jlj Jj^>fol 2*~J \j£>]) A * hee P> or
goat, which it set (If, TA) in the lurhing-place of
a hunter (TA)for the purpose of catching thereby

tlie wolf and the lilte. (If, TA.) And the first

two words, (%,) or *li &*£»!, (?, Mgh, Msb,)
A beast which lias been eaten, (S,* If,) or partly
eaten, (Mgh, Msb,) by a beast or bird of prey,
(8, Mgh, Mfb, K,) and then rescued from it :
(Mgh, TA :) the i in iL£>l being added because
the quality of a subst. is predominant in it. (S.)

— 8ee also i)y=>l.

• si * i *

Jl£»1 : sec J^£>1.

J£»\ Eating ; or an eater ; as also * J-^»l :

pi. Sii»l. (§,lf.) You say, ^A, iX£>\ ^ [lit
They are eaters of a head] ; meaning t they are
few; one head satisfying their stomachs. (S.)_

IU»T J Pasturing beasts. ftf.TA.) ^Ui\iX^>\

J T/ie knife; (If, TA ;) because it cuts the flesh :
(TA :) and tlie pointed stuff or stick ; (IS., TA ;)
as being likened thereto: (TA :) And fire: (Jf :)
and whips ; (Sh, K ;) because they burn the skin.
(TA.) JA^I, [in the Clf , erroneously, J£>*)\,]

t The king. (If, TAJ [Opposed to Jjfefol,
q. v.]_ C^JI J^l t [Tlie receiver of usury]:
occurring in a trad., in which it is said, J^»l ^j*i
t A&y*} 1^)1 J [Tke receiver of usury it cursed,
and the giver thereof]. (TA.)

al£>T fern, of Jj£>T, q. v. _ See also l&t.

Jl&l [app. a pi. of pauc. of Jsl, q. v., and of-
J^»l, agreeably with analogy,] J The [grants
termed] J£>U of kings; (K;) their j*L [pi. of

i**l», explained above, voce il£»l]. (TA.)_
t The stipends of soldiers. (K.) _ Jl£>S)l jji,

for which J has erroneously put Jl£»^)l, [in the
8,] (TS,£,) without ju>, (TA,) jr/i« tor*, or
chiefs, of the tribes, who take the ety* [or fourth
part of the spoil, which was the chief's portion in
the time of ignorance] (S, TS,$,TA) $c. (TA.)

J£»U, (6,) [in measure] like jjuU, (TA,) [an
inf. n. of j^>t, q. v. :_and also signifying]
Catn. (S, TA.) — [Also A place, and a time,
of eating : pi. Jj£»U.]

* - tj

J^>>* f Fortunate; possessed of good fortune;

prosperous. (Aboo-Sa'eed, K.)
Bk. I.

£)l J^j* X [The giver of usury : see Jm,
last sentence]. (TA.)

iiiaU and * 2JL£>U : see J£>1 : — and for
the former, see also iX£=>\, m two places.—
Also, both words, t. q. ij** [i. e. Corn, or any
provision, which a man brings, or purveys, for
himself or his family, or for sale]. (If.) — Also
used in the sense explained above, voce Jj£»1, [as
a subst.,] and likewise as an epithet, so that one
says aJi£>U »U> [as meanings! sheep, or goat, that
is eaten]. (If.) — Both words signify [also] A
place whence one eats. (S, O.) — [And hence]

one says, U£>U li-^i CtJsiSl and ai£»U t [I
took for myself such a one as a person from whom
to obtain what to eat]. (S, O.) — [The pi. is
J£s>U : of which see an ex. voce Jl&l.]

lii»U : see the paragraph next preceding,
throughout.

iisLL Anything in [i. e. out of] which one
eats: (Lh,K:) or [bowls of the kind called]
_'\' m ,r, (S,) or a [bowl of tlie kind called] U rn ** ,
(TA,) in which the tribe find it easy to cook,
(so in a copy of the S and in the TA,) or to put,
(so in another copy of the S,)fleth-meat and [the
kind of porridge catted] l j **» : (8, TA :) or
a bowl not so large as a Vm . « , but next to it
in size, that satisfies the stomachs of two men,
or three : (S voce Ms* ■> :) [or] a small [bowl
of the kind called] iLeS, that satisfies the stomachs
of three : and a small [cooking-pot such at it
called] Uji. (K.)

• . t.

J^£>U : see

«ieS»l. — : The subjects of a king. (Z, 5, TA.)

Hence the trad., Vyl&l £y y~m- jt*^ Oi^-*
X The subjects of Himyer are better than their
king, or ruler. (Z, TA.)

Jlfii* A spoon : (If :) because one eats with
it. (TA.)

J&£i : see &*£»! Also, [like * J£»uli,]

tOne who takes and devours the possessions of
men. (TA.)

: see what next precedes

J*£»l : and J3>\ : — and

2. j*£a& The being big in the JjJ» [i. e. the
hinder parts, or posteriors, also termed i*i»U].
(O, K.) You say, St^Jt w*ȣ>l 7ne woman w<m
tor^ in the Ji£>. (T^.)'

10. ^£>Uwl Jt (a place) became what are termed
j&\, q. v. (^.) = ill4~« >^^-' He (a man,
TA) found his sitting-place to be plain, smooth,
toft, or easy to sit upon. (If.)

• ' *

j^a\ : see what next follows.

• - ' i &'

<U&I A kill, or mound, syn. Jj, (Msb, K,)

[in an absolute sense, or] of what it termed «J«3

[q. v.], (If,) or, as in the M, (TA,) of a tingle

collection of stones : or it is inferior to mountains:

or a place that it more elevated than what it

73

around it, and it rugged, not to the degree of
being ttone : (If :) or an isolated mountain :
(^ voce J^:) or an eminence like what it
termed a^>lj: a collection of ttonet in one place,
sometimes rugged and sometimes not rugged :

(Msb :) or t. q. <_ii, except that the <L*£>t it
higher and greater: (ISh, TA :) or what it
higher than the J&, compact and round, rising
into the tky, abounding with ttonet : (TA :) pi.
oC^»l (S, Msb) and *JU>I, [or this is rather
a coll. gen. n. of which 1^£>\ is the n. un.,] (S,
Msb, 5,) and>l£»), flf, TA,) or this is pi. of
>,», (8, Msb, TA,) and>»l, (If, TAO or this
is pi. of >1£>I, (S, Msb,TA,) andJt£»T [a pi.
of pauc], (K,) or this is pi. of ^£»\, (S, Msb,
TA,) and j£»\ [which is also a pi. of pauc],
(IJ, If,) or this is a pi. of Jd>\ : (TA :) IHsh
says that jj&\ is the only word like j*j in its
series of pis. ; for its sing, [or n. un.] is Ktitn,
and the pi. of this [or the coll. gen. n.] is jjktl,
and the pi. of this is j\£>\, and ^° P 1 - of *'»
is J^&l, and the pi. of this is jte»\, and the pi.
ofthisis^l&Uor^biy?]. (MFinart.^.) It
is said in a prov., used in ridiculing any one who
has told of his committing some fault, not desiring
to reveal it, U*tjj U i^^l jlya ^ > s «« » [«n
which I think the first word to be a mistranscrip-
tion, for ''y'tr -r , a "d th ^ literal meaning to be,
Ye have come to me ; but behind the hill it what
it behind it] : related on the authority of Zeyd
Ibn-Kethweh. (TA.) And one says, ^J* j£ •)
<U£>t, meaning { Publish not what it tecret of
'thine affair. (TA.)

Jj=>U and ^>U : see what next follows.

Ks>t, (El-F4rabee,) or K&L, (8,) or both,
and tJ&L and *>>U, (IAth,^,) The hinder
part, posteriors, buttocks, or rump, of a woman ;
syn. sjjir ^ : (8 :) or a portion offleth on the
head of the jJ^j [or haunch] ; one of two such
portions: (Zj in his " Khalk el-Insan," and If :)
or these are two protuberances of flesh on the
heads of the upper parts of the O^p [° r
haunches] ; on the right and left : (TA :) or
they are two portions offleth conjoining the j*~z
[or buttocks] and the ^j\JJU [or two portions of
flesh and sinew next the back-bone, on each
tide]; (lf,TA;) or, iia in the Nh, conjoining
the >yMfrB [or rum j, -h tie] and the ijU_U : or
two portions offleth at the root of tke O^M '■
(TA :) pi. >U»U. (S, If.) Lh mentions the
saying, >»£>UI j*£*& *•' [Verily he it big in
the hinder parts] ; as though they called every
portion thereof jjm*. (TA.) And one says in
reviling a person, 8»ftW^H j-**- 1 Ch" 1 W> meaning
ton of him who it red in the iiiw. (TA.)

i^>^» : see what follows.

i^>lj^ [in the CK, erroneously, <U£>lj^]

and 1 4\jL*yt She n>oo t« /ar^c tn < he £)\Z^£»i..

(?•)

10

74

Jl

Jt 18 a particle of determination: (Mughnee
&c. :) or, accord, to some, it is a conjunct noun,
and this is the correct opinion ; but some say it
is a conjunct particle ; and some, a particle of
determination : (1 ' Ak p. 40 :) [it is equivalent to
our article The;] as in J**»j)t [The man] : (S and
K in art >y, and I 'Ak p. 48 :) accord, to Kh,
[what is termed] the determinative is Jt [alto-
gether, and therefore it is called by some " the
determinative alif and 14m"] ; but accord, to Sb,
it is the J alone ; [wherefore it is called by some,
as in the S &c, " the 1dm of determination ;"] so
that accord, to Kh, the hemzeh is a hemzeh of
disjunction ; but accord, to Sb, it is a hemzeh of
conjunction : (I 'Ak ubi supra :) [J says,] the
J being quiescent, the conjunctive I is prefixed to
it in order that it may commence therewith ; but
when it is conjoined with what precedes it, the I is

dropped, as in J*->U- (S in art.^y.) Sometimes
the Arabs suppress hemzeh after it; and sometimes
they also suppress the I of the article itself: thus,

for y+mS*)\, they say j«*JI, and j-e*J. (Zj, cited
in TA in art. >iljt.) In the dial, of some of the
)>cople of El- Yemen, (TA in art^tl, q. v.,) or in
the dial, of Ilimycr, (TA in art. «^~J»,) >l is
used in die sense of J). (TA.)_ltis used to
distinguish a noun as known [to the hearer or
reader in a particular and definite sense] : (Mugh-
nee, I 'Ak ubi supra:) first, by its being men-
tioned [before] ; (Mughnee ;) as in [the words of
the Kur lxxiii. 15 and 16,] ^let* .Jl llLJl U£>

Jy-y u**V* \j°*^ *)y*) [Like as we tent unto
Pharaoh an apostle, and Pharaoh disobeyed the
apostle] ; (Mughnee, I 'Ak ;) in which case, the
pronoun may supply the place which it and the
noun that it accompanies occupies : secondly, by
its being conceived in the mind ; as in [the Kur
ix. 40,] ^Udt yjt C* Jl [When they two were in
the cave] : and thirdly, by its being applied to a
thing present; and accord, to Ibn-'Osfoor, this
does not occur except after nouns of indication, as
in Ji-jl\ U* ij^V [This man (lit. this, the

man,) came to me] ; or after ^1 in calling, as in
i j i - it ,
Jt-j" W W [O man]; or after tit denoting a

thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly, as
in jw-^JI lib C**^ [ / went forth, and lo, there
was the lion] ; or after the noun denoting the
present time, as yj^j\ [Now] : but this requires
consideration ; for you say to the reviler of a man

in your presence, J*»j)t j*£i *) [Revile not thou
the man] ; and because that which is after lit does
not render determinate anything present at the
time of speaking; and because that in i/^l is
really redundant, being inseparable, which the
determinative is never known to be: the good
example in this case is the saying in the Kur
0- 5], J^ti J& <zXJs>\ j.y i [This day I have
completed for you your religion]. (Mughnee.)
_ It is also used to denote the species : first, to
denote the totality of the individuals of the species;
and this may have its place supplied by JJs used
in its proper sense; (Mughnee, I 'Ak* ubi supra;)
as in [the Kur iv. 32,] lL*J> ^LJ*JT JjU.^ [For

J»

man was created weak] : secondly, to denote the
totality of the properties of the individuals, or the
combination of all those properties in one thing ;

and this may have its place supplied by J£» used

• .* f 1 ■» * •"

in a tropical sense ; as in U*U J*-jJI juj [Zeyd

is the man in resjuct of knowledge ; as though he
combined in himself the knowledge of all the
individuals of his species] ; i. e., he is the com-
plete, or perfect, [or we would rather say,
preeminent,] in knowledge; and hence, [in the
Kur ii. 1,] ^!CSi\ iUj [That is tlie hook, or
scripture ; as though combining in itself the
excellences of all other books or scriptures; or
meaning that is preeminently the book, or scrip-
ture] : and thirdly, to denote the quiddity, or
essence ; and this may not have its place supplied
by J£» used either properly or tropically ; as in
the saying, [in the Kur xxi. 31,] ;ljl ^» Uliifcj
,j». j^ji J£a [And we have made of water
(meaning, accord, to common opinion, spcrma
genitale,) everything living] ; or, accord, to some,
it is used in this case to distinguisli a thing ns
known [in a particular sense] by its being- con-
ceived in the mind. (Mughnee.) It is also

used to denote predominance of application ; as
in iJjkJI [The city], meaning the city of the

* J **

Apostle ; and w>UOl [The book], meaning the
book of Seebaweyh: and in this case, it may not
be suppressed, except when the noun is used
vocatively, or when it is prefixed to another noun

which it governs in the gen. case ; and in some

* f 1 *' * '
anomalous instances, as in lx)U» J^-c IjJb [77m

is the star Capella, ruing], originally J>j»)l.

(I 'Ak p. 51.) [In a case of this kind, it is said

in the Mughnee to be redundant; but I think it

is clearly not so in any of the instances here

mentioned, except the last; and this I would

rather assign to a category yet to be noticed, in

which Jt is certainly redundant, and, by rule,

inseparable.] — It is also prefixed to a noun

transferred from its original application to that of

a proper name ; it being so prefixed to convey an

allusion to the original signification ; and such

noun being generally an epithet, as «1><U. ; but

sometimes an inf. n., as J-oi ; and sometimes a

• '*'
generic noun, as (jU*i ; so that in any of these

cases you may prefix Jl, saying O.LJt and

J-a*H and ^jl^juJI, with a view to the original
signification; and you may suppress it, with a
view to the actual state [which is that of a proper
name] : for when you mean that a name of this
kind is given as one ominous of good, you prefix
the Jt in order to indicate this ; as when you say

J

w>jlaJt with a view to a person's being thus
named to prognosticate that he will live and be a
tiller, or cultivator ; but when you only consider
it as a proper name, you do not prefix the Jl :
thus the prefix Jl conveys a meaning not obtained
without it ; and therefore it is not redundant, as
some assert it to be. (I 'Ak p. 50.) [The author
of the Mughnee is one of those who consider Jt
redundant in this case.] __ It is in some coses
redundant : and in some of these, it is inseparable ;
as in [a proper name which cannot be used with a
view to an original application from which it has

[Book I.

been transferred to that of a proper name though
it may have been so transferred, such as] o"}UI,
which is the name of a certain idol that was at
Mekkeh [so called because a man used to moisten
&>y* with clarified butter, for the pilgrims, at the
place thereof] ; and, accord, to some, [as before
mentioned,] in ^^l ; and in the conjunct nouns

■3

l5JJt and its variations, accord, to those who hold
that a noun of this kind is rendered determinate
by its complement: in other coses, where it is
redundant, it is separable ; and this is when it is
prefixed to a proper name by poetic licence, as in

XJ*^' »-'W for >y' «i»W> a species of truffle ; or,
accord, to Mbr, this is not a proper name, and
the Jt is not redundant ; and when it is prefixed
to a spccincative, as in l _ r iJ\ c~J> for \~Ju w*J>,
accord, to the Basrecs, who hold, in opposition to
the Koofees, that the spccificativc may only be
indeterminate; (I 'Ak p. 49;) [and, in like man-
ner, as redundant and separable,] it is irregularly
prefixed [by poetic licence] in i^-V^t [q. v.],
when it is left in its original form with kesr.
(T.) _ Accord, to the Koofees, and some of the
Basrecs, and many of the later authors, it moy
also supply the place of the affixed pronoun ; and
such they hold to lie the cose in the saying in the

Kur [Ixxix. 41], tJi<S^ i^jT oi* [Verily
Paradise, it shall be his place of abode] ; and in
<**-•)! (J—** - J**X "-0J" 4 [■* passed by a man
beautiful in hisjacc] ; and t>iaJbj jv*»JI juj ^j-i
[Zeyd was beaten, his bach and his belly] ; when
«k.jJt and jyliJI and ^>irJI are thus in the noin.
case: but those who deny its being used in this
manner hold that si is to be understood in die
verse of the Kur, and <tu in the other examples :
and Ibn-Malik restricts the licence to cases not
including the &L» [or complement of Jt used in
the manner which is here next to be explained].
(Mughnee.) _ It is also a conjunct noun in the

A

sense of ^£JJI and its variations ; and as such is
prefixed to an act part, n., and to a pass, part n.,
and, as some say, to a simple epithet ; (Mughnee,
and I 'Ak p. 43 ;) as w>jUJI [which is equivalent

to vj-**4 l^']; an( l V.3J-***'" [which is equivalent
to ^»jJ> i^JJt], and sJ^\ {jLLi\ : (I 'Ak :) but
this last is not to be regarded, as it cannot be
rendered by means of a verb. (Mughnee.) As
such, also, it is sometimes prefixed to an adverbial
noun, (Mughnee and I 'Ak,) extraordinarily ;
(I 'Ak;) as in the saying,

* ' ' 9

[Whoso ceases not to be grateful, or thankful, for
what is with him, or what lie has, he is worthy of
a state of life such as is attended with plenty.]
(Mughnee and I 'Ak.) As such it is also some-
times prefixed to a nominal proposition ; as in the
saying,

• j^i* m j^-yi yji\ ^ •

•*"* ts^ ^1 • £J, *-*» J *

[Of the people of whom is the apostle of God, of
those to whom the necks of the sons of Ma' add

Book I.]

ltave become abated], (Mughnee and I 'Ak.)
And as such it is also sometimes prefixed to a
verbal proposition, of which the verb is an aor. ;
which shows that it is not [in this case] a particle
of determination ; (Mughnee ;) as in the phrase,

SB* 9 * » • *

pj* e ) l jUaJI Cye [The voice of the cut that
has hit ear, or ears, cut off], (T and Mughnee.)
But all these three cases are peculiar to poetry ;
contrary to the opinion of Akh, and, with respect
to the last case, to that of Ibn-Malik. (Mughnee.)
[Respecting the last instance, see also art. pj*-.]
Another instance of its usage prefixed in this sense
to an aor. is the saying,

• ^^^yjl^&jb. c*itU •

[Thou art not the judge whose judgment is ap-
proved] ; (IAmb, T, I 'Ak;) a saying of El-
Farczdak : (IAmb, T :) it is an extraordinary
case; (I 'Ak;) and is [said to be] an instance of
a bud poetic license, the like of which in prose
would be an error by common consent. (Expos,
of the Shudhoor cdh-Dhuhah.) In like manner,
one says, accord, to AZ, JJUj-a^l IJa, meaning
This it he who beats thee; and jLyj^H c-jIj I

taw him who beats thee; and jtJji ?-°^ '•»•*
This it what is appropriated to poetry. (T : [in
which this last ex. is perhaps intended to intimate
that the prefixing of Jl in this manner to a verb
is allowable only in poetry. ])^_ The Anilw also

'»>*t»* * J * m -* ft I j * ^ j

meaning >Ul; ^1 ±y» js.\j j.\jj ,j| ^ ^>o».l
[He is more strongly fortified, or protected
against attach, than that he will be sought, or
desired, and he is more mighty than that he will
be injured; i. c., too strongly fortified, or pro-
tected against attach, to be sought, or desired,
and too mighty to be injured: see £y.] t (TA in

art jtjf. [But |^ ,nm II is there erroneously put

* * * ,

for iife^oaJI.]) = Among strange usages, is that

»t

of Jl as an interrogative, mentioned byKtr; as

- ♦" •» . a * f " f '

in cJLai Jl in the sense of CUJ J* [DiiUt thou
do? or /ins< fAon done?]. (Mughnee.)
t
J I Anything which has a quality requiring

it to be regarded as sacred, or inviolable ; which
has some right pertaining to it : and thus used
in particular senses here following. (R, TA.) _
Relationship; or nearness with respect to kindred;
(Fr, T, S, M, R, £ ;) as also till , (Fr, T, £,) of
which the pi. is JJI. (K.) So in the Kur [ix. 8],
^jJUe* *yht *?' (Fr,T) They will not regard,
with respect to you, relationship ; (Bd, Jel ;)
accord, to some. (Bd.) And so in a trad, of
'Alee, J^l £Jaivj jJ«Jt Oi±-i [Bt is unfaithful
to tlte covenant, and cuts the tie of relationship].
(TA.) Hassan Ibn-TliiU.it Bays,

-a I- • i a - -

• >UJI Jlj ^ ^JUI Jt£» •

[fly tAy life, thy relationship to Kureysh is like
t/te relationship of the young camel to the young
of the ostrich]. (S.)—Goadorigin. (K.) So,
accord, to some, in a saying of Abbo-Bekr, which
see below. (TA.) — J. q. ojjU, (K,) or J juU
m-^0 [as meaning A place, or person, whence

Jl-^l

a ? king, or person, originates, free from imper-
fection, or /rom everything that would induce
doubt or suspicion or evil opinion]. (El-Muiirrij,
TA : [in which the verse of Hassan cited above

is given as an ex. of this signification.]) A

compact, or covenant; or one by which a person
becomes responsible for the safety, or tafe-keeping,
of a person or thing ; syn. j>yC : (AO, Aboo-Is-
hak, T, S, M, It, K a confederacy, or league ;
syn. JUL. ; (Aboo-Is-hak, T, M, K ;) and so,
accord, to some, in the Kur ubi supra : (Bd :)
a covenant between two parties by which either
is bound to protect the other; syn. j\y*. : (Aboo-
Is-hak, T, R :) a promise, or an assurance, of

security or safety; or indemnity; syn. C^'>

(K ;) a meaning which it has, accord, to some,

in the verse of the Kur cited above. (TA.)

i . v *

Hence, J^l ^j Afulfiller, performer, or keeper,

of the compact, or covenant. (TA, from a trad.)

— Lordship; syn. *~»>y. (M, K.) So in the

Kur ubi supra, accord, to some. (Bd.) And so

in the saying of Aboo-Bekr, above referred to,

when he heard the rhyming prose of Muscylimeh,

Jl t>o rrj^-i jj J>*)& IJa [This is language

which did not proceed from lordship] : so ex-
plained by A'Obeyd : (Suh, TA :) or it has here
Another signification, mentioned before ; the mean-
ing being, which did not come from the origin
whence came the Kur-an : or, accord, to some, it
has here the signification next following. (TA.)__

Revelation, or inspiration. (K, T A.) — JNI also
signifies God: [like the word 7M» or rather
SnH» as used in Hebrew:] (T,S, M,K:) s«
say Mujuhid and Esh-Shaabcc : (T :) and so
it is said to signify in the verse of the Kur
cited above : (T, TA :) [and so it seems
to signify in the saying of Aboo-Bekr, also
cited above, accord, to the M :] but Aboo-Is-
hak disallows this ; and so does Suh, in the
R. (TA.) Ibn-El-Kelbee says, (M,) when

Jl ends any name, it has this meaning, and is
the complement of a prefixed noun ; and so JjI ;
(M, K ;) as in j£i. [and J^l*. &c] ; and
so say most of the learned : (TA :) but this is
not a valid assertion ; for were it so, J->«*». and
the like would lie perfectly decl. : (M :) some
say that these names are constructed inversely,
after the manner of the language of the 'Ajam ;
Jl and JjI meaning servant, and the first part
of the name being a name of God. (Suh, TA.)
= I. q. ^n* * [used in a pi. sense]. (Mughnee
in art. NL [See what is said to be an ex. of
this meaning in a verse of Dhu-r-Rummeh cited
in art. *§\ in the present work.]) [It is said

that] Jl is also syn.-with jU. [A neighbour; ice.].
(K : [and so, accord, to the TA, in the M ; but
I have consulted the M without finding this
explanation, and think it to be probably a mis-
transcription for jl**-, (see above,) as in the T
and It.])

75

y

M

Sq
.»

see

A

ijjll ys\ A thing, or an affair, relating, or
attributable, to JNI, meaning either God, or
revelation or inspiration. (TA.)

*n}I [in its primitive acceptation, being composed
of the interrogative hemzeh and the negative *^,]
denotes an interrogation respecting a negative,
as in the saying [of the poet],

j& ;«•}' ^M ^4 iij

[It there not any patience belonging to Selmd,
or has the hardiness, when I experience what
persons like me have experienced ?] : (Mughnee,
K :) and when used in this manner, it is put
before a nominal proposition only, and governs
like the negative •}} [when used without the
interrogative hemzeh]. (Mughnee.) _ It also
denotes a wish ; as in the saying [of the poet],

S J H I Mil d*'»j -<

*..» *« * ft . » .» t»"

• oyUkAJI j* C»UI U vlre* *

[May there not be a life which has declined
whereof the returning is possible, so that it may
repair what the hand of negligences hath marred?] ;
for which reason ^tjj is mansoob, because it is
the complement of a wish, coupled with wi : and
used in this manner, also, it is put before a
nominal proposition only, [^j in the verse
above being a qualificative, like an epithet,] and
it governs like the negative *} [without the in-
terrogative hemzeh], and has no enunciative
either expressed or understood. (Mughnee.) —
It also denotes reproof, or reproach, (T, Mughnee,
K,) and disapproval; as in the saying [of the
poet],

• ,£«;£ cJj i>J .1^1 -^1

[Is there no self-restraint to him whose youth

hath declined, and announced hoarinett, after

which is to follow decrepitude ?] : (Mughnee,

K:) and used in this manner, also, it is put

before a nominal proposition only, and governs

as in the cases mentioned above, (Mughnee,) or

before a verb [also], which is always marfooa ;

as in the phrases iWUi L At. j,jjj "^1 [Dost not

"' • » • » -t

thou repent of thine actions?] and yjgs* ;...!> f\

JLil^j*. ^4> [Art not thou ashamed for thytelf,
or of thytelf, with respect to thy neighbours?]
and iUj JU" *i)l [Dost not thou fear thy Lord ?].

(T.) It also denotes J^6, (T,) or Jij*i\,

and ^j^t. Til, both of which signify the asking,
or requiring, a thing ; (Mughnee, K ;*) but the
former means the doing so with gentleness;
(Mughnee, K ;) and the latter, the doing so
with urgency: (Mughnee:) and when used in
this manner, [also,] it is said to be oomposed of
*^ with the interrogative hemzeh ; (TA ;) and
is put before a verbal proposition only ; (Mugh-
nee ;) as in the saying [in the Kur xxiv. 22],

jfii Al\ ji**i ,jl O*^- 3 /• t- ^ noi V** or wnere -
fore do not ye, (see Ul,) like that God should
forgive you?] (Mughnee, K,) and [in the same,
ix. 13,] JiiW \ySS Uy o^jti ^ [Will not
yes, or wherefore will not ye, fight a people who
have broken their oaths ?] ; (Mughnee ;) or

10 •

70

before a mpjzoom or marfooa aor., both of these
forms being mentioned on the authority of the
Arabs, as in jMl jp *)\ and J£>\3 Jyj *$
[ Wilt not thou, or wherefore wilt not thou, alight

and eat?]. (Ks,T.) It is also an inceptive

particle, (8, Mughnce, K,) of which those who
parse show the place but neglect the meaning,
(Mughnce,) used to give notice of something
about to be said, [like as Now, and why, (by
the former of which I think it is generally best
rendered when thus used,) are often employed
in our language, and like as a\\a (which is
remarkable for its near agreement with it in
sound) is often used in Greek,] (8, Mughnee, K,)
and importing averment, because it is composed
of the interrogative hemzeh and the negative ^,
which, when thus composed, have this import,
(Mughnee, K,) like _J\, and J^'i because the
interrogative particle resembles the particle of
negation, and the negation of a negation is an
affirmation, (Ham p. 589,) and like til before
an oath : (Z, Mughnee :) [it may therefore be
further rendered by our word surely; for this
word (as Dr. Johnson says in his Dictionary)
"is often used rather to intend and strengthen
the meaning of the sentence, than with any
distinct and explicable meaning:"] or it signifies
U*. [verily, or truly] : (M voce Ul :) it is put
before both the [kinds of] propositions, [the
nominal and the verbal ;] (Mughnee ;) as in

the saying [in the Kur ii. 12], A^i-jf^i ^jt ^1
[meaning Now surely it is they who are the

lightwitted], (Mughnce, K,) and [in the same,

•#•* * * • * * •' • I* «#* gi
*'• H>] j*r* -V*-* cr-s* jurist J»}i "5)1 [meaning
Now surely, on the day of its coming to them,

it shall not be averted from them], (Mughnee,)

... • \' - » -
in which jnt>\> ^yi appears to be the object

of government of Mjj^oa, which is the enuncia-
tive of J^J ; whence it has been argued that,
as the object of government of the enunciative
of y-e) precedes that verb, the enunciative itself
may precede it : (I 'Ak pp. 74 and 75 :) [J says,]
you say, ^.jU. \'j£ ,j| *J| [Now surely Zeyd is
going forth], like as you say, -.^U. \'J$ O 1 ^ 1
[Know thou that Zeyd is going forth] : (8 :)
Ks says, *>)l is used to give notice of what is
about to be said, and is followed by a command
and a prohibition and an enunciation, as in ^i *^t
[Now stand thou], and ^Ju ^ "$l [Now stand
not thou], and J.& ji IjJj ^1 -$| [Now surely
Zeyd has stood, or has just now stood]. (T.)
When it is put before the particle [U] used to
give notice of what is about to be said, it is
merely an inceptive, as in the saying [of the
poet],

[Now be thou free from evil, O abode of Meiya,
during wear and tear]. (AAF, M.) __ Lth says,
sometimes *^l is immediately followed by another
*v) ; and he cites the following ex. :

. •* ,*' *•* * > * * **

[Then he began to drive away the people from us,

saying, Now is there no may to Hind?] : and
one says to a man, " Did such and such things
happen ?" and he answers, *) *^t [ Why no] :
he holds *j\ to be used to give notice of what
is about to be said, and ^ to be a negative. (T.)

A A ..l

•^1 and *)% and tf\ &c. : see art ^J\.

M • -

•>)l is a particle denoting ykghmJj (Msb in
art. t^a»., Mughnee, 1JL ;) i. e., when followed by
a future, exciting to an action, and seeking or
desiring or demanding the performance of it ;
and when followed by a preterite, reproof for not
doing a thing ; (Msb ubi supra ;) syn. with ^J* ;
(T, TA ;) and peculiar to enunciative verbal pro-
positions, (Mughnee, K,) like the other particles
used for the same purpose. (Mughnee.) You
say, [\S& JjiiLi ^1 Wherefore wilt not thou do
such a thing? and] \S£» cJlii.^l [Wherefore
didst not thou such a thing?] (T, TA,) meaning,
(TA,) or as though meaning, (T,) IJtfc Jjtxijj^.
(T, TA.) = It also means •$ ,j\; the o being
incorporated into the J, which is written with
teshdeed : (T, TA :) in which case, it is not to be
confounded with the foregoing particle. (Mugh-
nee.) You say, i)IJ JJiL *3l 4Uj+\ [I commanded
him tliat he should not do that] ; and you may
say, Jli Jjuu •) jjl a3y>\ \ it occurs in the old
copies of the Kur written in the former manner
in Borne places, and in the latter manner in other
places. (T, TA.) In the saying in the Kur

■S ■» - j y St

[xxvii. 31], ^Js. I^Lls % [which may mean That
ye exalt not yourselves against me, or exalt ye not
yourselves against me,] it may be a compound of
^jl governing a mansoob aor. and the negative *^,
or of the explicative ,j\ and the prohibitive *).
(Mughnee.) [It often has J prefixed to it, forming
the compound ^JUJ, which signifies That, or m
order that, . . . not ; and may frequently be
rendered by lest ; as in the Kur ii. 145, O4& "&
*** ■ ^tftM tr'UJJ That, or tn order that, there
may not be, or lest there should be, to men,
against you, any allegation.]

•2

ylj [regarded as a simple word,] not to be
confounded with the compound of the conditional
^1 and the negative *^, (Mughnee at the end of
the article on this word,) is used in four manners.
(The same in the beginning of the art.) First,
(Mughnee,) it is used (as a particle, S, Msb,) to
denote exception ; [meaning Except, save, or
saving; and sometimes but; and sometimes but
not ; as will be seen below ;] (T, S, Msb, Mugh-
nee, K ; [in which last it is mentioned in art. Jl,
and again, as in the S, in the last division of
the work ;]) and to denote exception, it is used
in five manners ; after an affirmation, and a
negation, and a portion of a sentence devoid of
the mention of that from which the exception is
made, and when the thing excepted precedes that
from which the exception is made, and when these
two are disunited in kind, in which last case it
has the meaning of ^jiii [but when the sentence
is negative, and but not when the sentence is
affirmative]. (S, TA.) You say, ijJj •^yuijli
[The people, or company of men, stood, except

[Book I.

Zeyd] ; i. e., Zeyd was not included in the pre-
dicament of the people, or company of men :
(Msb :) and it is said in the Kur [ii. 250], (T,)
^X* %)3 «$l alo lyjii [And they dranh of it,
except a few of them] : (T, Mughnee, K :) here
^IUl» is governed in the accus. case by *^l, (Mugh-
nee, K,) accord, to the most correct opinion :
(Mughnee :) accord, to Th, it is so because there
is no negation in the beginning of the sentence.
(T.) And it is also said in the Kur [iv. 60], (T,)
jmr* J*^ 7] •>"** *• [They had not done it, or
they would not do it, except a few of tltem] : (T,
Mughnee, K :) here J-Ji is in the nom. case as
being a partial substitute, (Mughnee, K,) accord,
to the Basrees, (Mughnee,) i. e., as being a
[partial] substitute for the [pronoun] j [in »yi*i],
for it may here be so without perversion of the
meaning, whereas it cannot be so without such
perversion when the sentence is affirmative :
(TA :) accord, to the Koofees, *$\ is a conjunction,
like the conjunctive *) : (Mughnee :) accord, to
Th, JJli is here in the nom. case because the
sentence commences with a negative : (T :) or in
a sentence [like this,] which is not affirmative, in
which the tiling excepted is united in kind to that
from which the exception is made, accord, to the
opinion which is generally preferred and which
commonly obtains, the noun signifying the thing
excepted is a substitute for the noun signifying
that from which the exception is made ; but it is
allowable to put it in the accus. case according to
the general rule respecting exception ; 60 that one

says, jj) *^J js».l jAi U and \jj) *^l [There stood

not any one, except Zeyd] : and the same is the

..... • » * • ■" -

case in a prohibitive sentence ; as in j^-l ^ju *$

juj ^Jt and \juj *)\ [Let not any one stand, except
Zeyd] ; and in an interrogative sentence ; as in

juj ^1 j^l^li J* and Ijwj •})) [Did any one stand,
except Zeyd?] ; when, in such sentences, the thing
excepted is united in kind to that from which the
exception is made. (I 'Ak p. 1G2.) You say also,
juj *^l ^'V la [There came not to me any, save
Zeyd], without mentioning that from which the
exception is made ; (TA ;) and I juj *^t c<^c U
[/ beat not any, save Zeyd] ; and ju>j *J)I ■Ziyyt U
[/ passed not by any, save by Zeyd] ; (I 'Alp
p. 164 ;) the case of the noun signifying the thing
excepted being the same as if "5)1 were not men-
tioned: (I 'Ak ubi supra, and TA:*) but you

'n. * 9' St * w* *

may not say, affirmatively, Ijuj *^l c-jj-j>, or the
like. (I 'Ak ubi supra.) When the thing excepted
precedes that from which the exception is made,
if the sentence is affirmative, the noun signifying
the former must be in the accus. case; as in
j>y&\ Ijaj *^l >15 [Except Zeyd, the people, or
company of men, stood] : and so, accord, to the
usage generally preferred, when the sentence is
not affirmative ; as in>yUI Ijuj *$\ jte U [Except
Zeyd, tlte people, or company of men, stood not] ;
but recorded instances allow one's saying also,
J£)l J£ ^1>li U. (I 'Ak p. 163.) When the
thing excepted is disunited in kind from that from
which the exception is made, if the sentence is
affirmative, the noun signifying the former must
likewise be in the accus. case ; as in *^l >»yUI j>\i
ljU». [77»e people, or company of men, stood, but

Book I.]

not an ass], and IjU*. *j)t >yUI Ooj-i [I beat the
people, but not an au], &c. : (I 'Ak p. 1G2 :) and
bo, accord, to the generality of the Arabs, when

A 1 • #•

the sentence is negative ; as in IjU*. *j\ >yt)l >15 U
[The people Hood not, but an ass] ; (I 'Ak p. 163;)
and IjU— ^)l >yUI C~>1j U [ / saw not the people,
but an at*] ; "ill being here syn. with ^>£J ; as
also in the Kur [xlii. 22], where it is said,

not of you a recompense for it, but affection in
respect of relationship] ; (Msb ;) and in the same
xx. 1 and 2, »>£».»3 -n)I jJLLj ^IjiJt jJLU Up I U
[We have not sent down unto thee the Kur-an
that thou shouldest suffer fatigue, but as an
admonition] ; (Bd, Jcl ;) or it is here syn. widi
jv [which in this case means the same as ^j£l] :
(8 :) so, too, when the sentence resembles a
negative, being prohibitive or interrogative; (I 'Ak
p. 103, explained in p. 102 ;) [thus, J>j5)l «_>Ji3 •$

* A " *

tjU»- *$\ means Beat not thou the people, but an
ass; and] <^l 1^'CjI Luili cJul i/j c-Jli> ^Jj
trJji >>* [in the Kur x. 98] means And where-
fore did not any inhabitants of a town believe,
before the punishment befell them, and their
belief profit them, but the people of Jonas ? for
these were different from the former. (T.) When
*>)1 is repeated for the purpose of corroboration, it
lias no effect upon what follows it, except that of
corroliorating the first exception ; as in Ojj-« U

* t A 0* A * t

««e^l ^J J-ij *}• J»-W [I passed not by any one,
except Zeyd, except thy brother], in which Jl^t I
is a substitute for juj, for it is as though you said,

fL t •* A * $ * •** * 0* m «

«««*»' 0-ii *)[ «*»-v ^>ij-* »• 5 an, l M ' n -»*«>l >l»
lh»* "}>}.} 'JS!j *£j [77*e peo/jfe */oo«f, except Zeyd,
and except 'Amr], originally t^«£) Ijijj "^1. When
the repetition is not for that purpose, if the sen-
tence is devoid of the mention of that from which
the exception is made, you make the governing
word [which is the verb] to affect one, whichever
you [dense, of the nouns signifying the things
excepted, and put the others in the accus. case,
so that you say, lj& «^t £• 4\ J-ij •$)>« U
[There stood not any, save Zeyd, save 'Amr, save
Behr] ; but if the sentence is not devoid of the
mention of that from which the exception is made,
different rules are observed accord, as the things
excepted are mentioned before that from which
the exception is made or after it : in the former
case, all must be put in the accus., whether the
sentence be affirmative or not affirmative ; as in
J£)l lj& «fl I^U ^J tij ^Jtf [Except Zeyd,
except 'Amr, except Behr, the people stood], and
J£sil {& "91 tjii «|j tjjj 4\ W& U [Except Zeyd,
except 'Amr, except Behr, the people stood not] :
in the latter case, when the sentence is affirmative,
all must likewise be put in the accus., so that you

**Y> #4 ^1 W- "\ Wj *i\ *&\ J& [The people
stood, except Zeyd, except 'Amr, except Behr];
but when the sentence is not affirmative, the same
rule is observed with respect to one of them as
when the exception is not repeated, accord, to the
usage generally preferred, or it may be put in the
accus., which is rarely done, and the rest must be

W

put in the accus., so that you say, S)l jmA >IS U

IrV *5M '>•* *)l J>ij [There stood not any one,
except Zeyd, except 'Amr, except Behr, accord,
to the more approved usage], joj being a sub-
stitute for J^.1, or you may make the other
nouns which remain to be substitutes. (I 'Ak
pp. 164 — 166.) — . Secondly, (Mughnee,) it is
used as a qualificative, (S, Msb, Mughnee, K,)
in the manner of *£, (Mughnee, !£,) [i. e.]
in the place of ^c, (S,) [i. e.] as syn. with j^.,
(T, Msb,) and ^y* ; (T ;) [both meaning the
same, i. e. Other than ; or not, as used before a
subst. or an adjective ;] but its primary application
is to denote exception, and its use as a qualificative
is adventitious ; whereas the primary application
of jgfc is as a qualificative, and its use to denote
exception is adventitious. (S.) It [generally]
follows an indeterminate, unrestricted pi.; (Msb;)
or an indeterminate pi., or the like thereof, is
qualified by it and by that which follows it;
(Mughnee, K;) the noun which follows it being
put in the same case as that which precedes it.
(S.) The following is an ex. of the indeterminate
pi. : (Mughnee, $ :) £>T <§\ i^T U^i J,l£> 2
Uj..,« l [If there had been in them (namely the
heavens and the earth) deities other than God, or
not God, assuredly they would have become in a
state of disorder, or ruin; occurring in the Kur
xxi. 22]; (Fr, T, S, Msb, Mughnee, K ;) •# here
meaning \Jy, (Fr, T,) or ^It, (Msb, TA,) and
JSA S)l being a qualificative of i^jf. (TA.) And
the following is an ex. of the like of an indeter-
minate pi. :

l

il •

SjJj (jjy SjJLi *z»il\i

* ' s -

[She (the camel) was made to lie down, and threw
her breast upon a tract of ground in which were
few sounds other than her broken yearning cry
for her young one] ; for the determination of
Otj^)l [by the article Jl] is generical : (Mugh-
nee, K :) this verse is by Dhu-r-Itummeh. (S in
art. jJl*.) The following is an ex. of the like of a
pL: (Mughnee :) it is by Lebeed : (T :)
»'&* **' *•* » ** * * t*

[If it had been other than I, (O) Suleyma, to-
day, the befalling of misfortunes would have
altered him; other than the sharp sword diversified
with wavy marks or streaks or grain, or of which
the edge is of steel ami the middle of the broad
side of soft iron]. (T, Mughnee. [But in the
latter, in the place of J»^l)l, I find j*\jA\, i. e.
ever.]) What 8b says necessarily implies its not
being a condition that the word qualified must be
a pi. or the like thereof; for he gives as an ex.,

M*f «*0' ^1 Jr; ^** CM> V [If there had been
with us a man other than Zeyd, w$ should have
been overcome]. (Mughnee.) Another ex. of the
same usage of *^l is the following : •$ >jiJI jJiU.
juj [Tlie people came to me, others than Zeyd, or
not Zeyd]. (S.) [And uL ^ $\ Jii j U Ye
are no other than human beings like us. (Kur
xxxvi. 14.)] And the saying [in the Kur xliv. 56],

77

^1 Vy,)\ •}} O^l \^ o?)±i "3 [They shali
not taste therein death, other than tfte first death] ;
y\ here meaning ^jy* : (T :) or, accord, to some,
it here means ju^ [after]. (Jel.) And the saying
of 'Amr Ibn-Maadee-kerib,

1 > l J J - t t if*

+ 0*0 A I j * "

[And every brother, his brother forsakes him, or
separates himself from him, by the life of thy
father, otlusr than the Farhaddn ; which is the
name of the two stars £ and 7 of Ursa Minor] ;
as though he said ^>jSjii\ ^ : (S :) but Ibn-
El-Hajib regards this instance as a deviation from
a general rule ; for he makes it a condition of the
use of "^1 as a qualificative that it must be impos-
sible to use it for the purpose of denoting excep-
tion : (Mughnee :) Fr says that this verse has the
meaning of a negation, and therefore "^1 here
governs the nom. case ; as though the poet said,
There is not any one but his brother forsakes him,
except the Farkaddn. (T.) When it is used as a
qualificative, it differs from j^t inasmuch as that
die noun qualified by it may not be suppressed ;
so that one may not say, jjj ^)1 ^yiV [meaning
There came to me not Zeyd] ; whereas one says,
Jkjj je& ey**^" : a ""' accor d> to some, in this also;
that it may not be used as such unless it maybe used
to denote exception ; so that one may say, iCj^t

* - A *.» ' '

JJili *iJ1 ^o*ji [■» have a dirhem, not a ddnik],

* * » A

because one may say Uilj ^1 [except a ddnik] ;
but not j^ *$\-[not a good one], because one

*».- A

may not say I jyf *i" [except a good one] ; but
it may be said that this is at variance with what
they assert respecting the phrase <^JI Uy-i ^j\£=> y ,
and with the ex. given by Sb, and with the saying
of Ibn-El-Hajib mentioned above. (Mughnee.)
_ Thirdly, (Mughnee,) sometimes, (S, Msb,) it
is used as a conjunction, (Mughnee, K,) in the
manner of j, (S, Mughnee, K,) consociating both
literally and as to the meaning, as mentioned by
Akh and Fr and AO, (Mughnee,) [i. e.] as syn.
with j [And]. (Msb.) Thus in the saying,

t*t * A* A %A J il*** A >* A*

\yjli otJH *)\ 3^0*. j£* ^UU o*^J ^J

9 00 *

[That there may not be to men, against you, any
allegation, and (meaning nor) to those who have
acted wrongfully]; (Msb, Mughnee, K;) occurring
in the Kur [ii. 145] ; (Msb ;) so accord, to Akh
and Fr and AO ; (Mughnee ;) i. e., and those
who have acted wrongfully also, to them there
shall not be, against you, any allegation : (Msb :)
Fr explains it as meaning that the wrongdoer has
no allegation of which account should be taken ;
and this is correct, and is the opinion held by Zj.
(T.) Thus, too, in the saying [in die Kur xxvii.
10 and 11], JjLfe '^» \ OjjL^Jf L$jJ JU-J $

01 * 0* 00 j M* 4]

%y* jju U_». Jj^^oJ [The apostles shall not fear
in my presence, and neither shall he who hath
acted wrongfully, then hath done good instead,
offer evil; as some explain it; but others say
that *5)l here denotes exception]. (Mughnee, in
which it is explained as meaning ^Jlfa q^> ^ ; and
K.) And thus in the saying of the poet, [namely,
El-Mukhabbal Es-Saadee, (S in art. jJ*.,)]

78

-*-J V o* ^ o'^>- •

* * " 4 - I** S

«•» 1* * ft

J • # • * * * «tf J»-

* ^— . jji^t ..uyi «» •

[And I see a dwelling formerly belonging to her,
at the pools of JEs-Seeddn, (a hill bo called,) the
remains of which have not become effaced, and
ashes wasted and compacted together, from which
three black pieces of stone whereon the cooking-pot
was wont to be placed turned back the winds] :

he means, b&g \/} Q ,jjl. (S.) Fourthly,

(Mughnee,) it is redundant, as in the following
verse, (S in art. jU, Mughnee, £,) of Dhu-r-
Rummeh, (S ubi supra, Mughnee,) accord, to As
and IJ : (Mughnee :)

* ;u.u* ^i JuLa u «^»j- *

[She-camels long-bodied, or fean, (but other mean-
ings are assigned to the word which I thus
render,) that cease not to be made to lie down
in a state of hunger, or with which we direct
our course to a desert region] ; (S ubi supra,
Mughnee ; [but in one copy of the former, in
the place of yj*y, I find \j»ji ; and in my copy
of the latter, ^*j3;]) meaning, iLlu JLuJU:
(S ubi supra :) but it is said that this is a mistake
of the poet: (Mughnee:) so says Aboo-'Amr
Ibn-El-'Ala ; for, he says, "^1 is not to be intro-
duced after .iUli and Jlp : (TA :) and some
say that the right reading is $1, with ten ween,
[perhaps a mistranscription, for •$)!,] meaning
I — i ■ [in a pi. sense]: and some, that Ajuj
is a complete [or an attributive] verb, and i».U»
u a denotative of state; [consequently, that •$!
is a compound of gl and % as in some other
instances hereafter to be mentioned ;] the meaning
being, that are not disengaged, or not free, from
fatigue [unless when made to lie down]. (Mugh-
nee.) The following is also given as an ex. of
the same kind :

a»w Hti^u ^ >kjji ,jj\

[I see fortune, or time, to be like a water-wheel,
with its people] : but the reading which is remem-
bered to have been heard is ykjJI Uj : and if
the former be correct, it may be explained on
the supposition that fjj\ is the complement of
an oath meant to be understood, and that ^ is
suppressed, as in [the saying in the $ur xii. 86,]

<S-yi j*=> Sj Uju 4I1U j [so that the meaning is,
/ see not fortune, or time, to be aught save a
water-wheel, with its people ;] the form of the
exceptive sentence which is devoid of the mention
of that from which the exception is made indi-
cating such an explanation. (Mughnee.) __
[Fifthly,] it occurs as syn. with U [as a particle
denoting exception, equivalent to our But ;
meaning both except and (after an oath or the like)
only, or nothing more than] ; as in the saying

in the Klur [xxxviii. 13], jJ^JI ^J!fe -j| J& J,|
[There was not any one but such as accused the
apostles of lying], in which 'Abd-Allah reads,

in

its place, U ; and for jL he reads ^xL ;
and as in the saying, yj+ljsm ^1 Aii, iijtlt [I
ask, or beg, or beseech, thee by God but that
thou give me; i. e., I do not ask of thee any-
thing save thy giving me; the preterite here,
as in many instances in which it is preceded by
W (l- v -)» not being a preterite in meaning] ;
for which one says also = ' m x — t O. (T.) s It
is also a particle [or rather a compound of two
words] denoting the complement of a condition ;
originally •>) ^t, which form a compound that
does not admit of [the pronunciation termed]
imaleh, because ,jl and ^' are particles. (T.)
[It signifies, lit., If not.] It is followed by a
fut, which it renders mcjzoom; [and in this
case it may be rendered as above, or by unless;]
as in the saying in the £ur [viii. 74], i JUii •$!
uffy* ^ 4ii» ^j£j [If ye do it not, or unless ye
do it, tliere will be a weakness of faith and an
appearing of unbelief in the earth], (T.) [In
like manner,] in a saying such as the following, [in
the $ur ix. 40,] «u)l s^ai jSi » Sr *U ^| [If ye
do not, or will not, aid him, certainly God aided
him], it is only a compound of two words, the
conditional ^1 and the negative % and is distinct
from ^1 of which the usages have been mentioned
before, though Ibn-Malik has included it there-
with. (Mughnee.) [Often in post-classical works,
and perhaps in classical also, but seldom except
when it is preceded by a condition with its com-
plement, the verb or verbal proposition which
should immediately follow it is suppressed; as
in the like of the saying, oU* 1J>^ cJU4 Al
^UUi yjj Jb* If thou do suck a thing, I forgive
thee, or cancel thine offence ; but if thou wilt not
do it (i. e., *JU*5 4,) I kill thee : sometimes
also it ends a sentence, by an aposiopesis; the
whole of what should follow it being suppressed :
and sometimes the complement of the condition
which precedes, as well as the verb or verbal
proposition which should immediately follow it,
is suppressed ; so that you say, 1 J£» SSai r>\
JAZXZi •^ If thou do such a thing, excellent
will it be, or the like, (^i £jii, or the like,
being understood,) but if not, I hill thee.
Hence,] it sometimes has the meaning of Lol,
[signifying Or, denoting an alternative, cor-
responding to a preceding U1, which signifies
"either,"] as in the saying, »|l^ ^^iCJ ,j\ 1^1
c-£wt» [Either do thou speak to me or else
(meaning ^j^AfcJ ^ or if thou wilt not speak
to me) be silent], i. e., c£i ,j\ l£«j. (S.) [It
is also followed by J,l, as in 'Jb\ j£i Jl ^t Unless
God should please; in the K.\u vi. Ill, &c.
And by j as a denotative of state, as in rJjJjj N
Cj y - ) •• ^-»lj *>l Do not ye die unless ye be

Muslims ; in the £ur ii. 126 and iii. 97. And

iji -
sometimes it is preceded by^AJI; for the effect

of which, in this case, see art. aJI.]

^ 1. ^Jl , (Th, M, K:,) aor. - and '- , inf. n.
vA (M,) It (a thing, Th, M) was, or became,

[Book I.

collected; at compact; syn. i^».l ; (Th,^;)
or ^iJ. (M.)_>^ill 4»'l 4-JI The people
came to him from every direction : (M, 1£ :) or
j>)jb\ yJt [signifies tlie people multiplied them-
selves, and hastened; for it] denotes jU^>Nl
and fy,y : (T in art. ^^-i :) and ^1, (T, ^,)
aor. as above, (T,) signifies he hastened, or went
quickly. (T, £.) — jfj\ >z^J\ The camels obeyed
the drivei; and collected themselves together. (M,
K.) [See also 5.]_«aM ^Jt He returned to
him, or it. (K,*TA.)L-i£j\ c^'l, (M, If.,)
aor. - , (M,) The sky rained with long continuance.
(M, £.) = ^Jl, (S, Msb, K,) aor. , , inf. n.
^Jt, (Msb,) He collected (S, Msb,K) an army,
(S,) or a people ; (Ms b ;) as also t ^Jl, (M,)
inf. n. ^VJ : (TA :) and camels also : (TA :)

or J/?' ^ J '.1? r - '" (T '* ? ' M ' W and ' ' & M »
5,) inf. n. ^Jl, (T, S,) signifies he collected the
camels, and drove them (S, TA) vehemently :
(TA:) or lie drove them : (T,«K:) or he drove

them vehemently. (M.) ^Jl, (TA,) inf. n.

as above, (K, TA,) also signifies He drove,
pursued, chased, or hunted, with vehemence : (I£,
TA :) and he drove away a people. (Msb.)
You say, ouju^i jU*JI ^Jt T/ie [wild] ass
chased, or pursued, the object of his chase [i. e.
his female, as is shown by MF,] with vehemence;
(M,K;) asalsotQl. (£.)

_ , . « t.

2 : sec 1, in two places. —^-JU also signifies

The act of exciting, instigating, or rousing to
ardour; (S,K1:) and the exciting of discord, or
strife, or the making of mischief . (K.) You say,
j*(l*i ^1 He excited discord or strife, or made
mischief, between them. (M.)

0. I^JU 7%«y collected themselves together. (8,
A, Msb.) [Sec also 1.] You say also, <uU JyjJU
7%cy leagued together, or collected themselves .to-
gether, and aided one another, against him. (T.)

^Jl (T,S,Msb) and t^Jj (S.Msb) Persons,
or people, collected together; (S ;) an assembly ;
a collected body : (Msb :) or a collection of many
peoj>le: (T:) and 'vV 1 *r"M a !/ reat assembly
or congregation. (M.) __ AIbo A people, or
company of men, combining in hostility against

a man. (TA, from a trad.) You say, <Ju -*
• -•»» *•• ' "^

ju»-l_} »_JI, and T >_-Jt, (but tlie former is the

better known, M,) They are [one body of men]
assembled against him with injustice and enmity
or hostility: (Ltli, T, M, K :) like J— \ } J*^
and ju*.^ c jui and j»-lj «JU. (T, TA.)

• » « of

^Jt : see ^Jl, in two places.

^Jl a dial. var. of 4-i* ; (M ;) Helmets of
camels' skins : or, as some say, it signifies steel :
(T :) iJI is [its n. un., being] a dial. var. of aJU.
(K,«TA.) [See also 4^.]

wj^JI : see ,^JI. — _ Also One who hastens, or
is quick; (T;) and *wJlL> likewise signifies [the
same ; or] quick, or «wt/i .■ (Ibn-Buzurj, T, sj. :)
or the former signifies quick in drawing fortk tke
bucket : (I Aar, M, K :) or brisk, lively, sprigktly,
active, agile, or prompt, and quick ; (#., TA ;)

Book I.]

• »t ■» ,

applied to a man. (TA.)— vV r-O -* eold

wind, (M,) that raises and scatters the dust.
(M,K.)— t^' 1 ™sU A shy raining with long
continuance. (M.)
* 'I * it

« r Ju* : eee vV-

^jL* jj r- [An envtout man,] «Ao excites
discord or *<rj/e, or nw/iM mischief. (S,* TA.)

1. cJf, aor. y , inf. n. CJI, It (a thing) de-
creased ; diminished ; lessened ; became defective,
deficient, incomplete, or imperfect. (Msb.) =
'eL. &1, (S, M, A..K,) *>r. -- , (?,M,K,) inf. n.
CJt (S, M) and ii^l ; (M ;) and ii)l, aor. -' ;
(Fr;) and t id], (M,K,) inf. n. .«L^j| ; (K;)
as also 43^1, inf. n. O^JI , (so in a MS. copy of
the %.,) or 33"$\; (so in the L: [agreeably widi
analogy, and therefore probably the correct read-
in" : sec art. 0*), to which it belongs : in SM's
copy of the K, and in the CK, the verb is written
43% and the inf. n. C$1 : by MF, the verb is
written **iJ1, of the measure J*li, and Uic inf. n.
O^'l, like JU*0) [and *3^, aor. C-e^'; and

«£3j ; and 4J)I ;] He diminished to him his
right, or due; abridged him, or defrauded him,
of a portion of it : (Fr, 8, M, A, K :) and in
like manner, *)U iiJl, and *<CJI, &c, he dimi-
nished to him his property ; or altridged him, or
defrauded him, of a portion of it : (M, TA :)
and i^J^\ cJI he diminished the thing. (Msb.)

[Hence,] j^ i >» > ^J*ft o-?^*^ 1 u f m tU(!
Kur Hi. 21, We will not diminish to them aught of
the reward oftlteir work] : (T, A :) or, accord, to
one reading, (that of Ibn-Kctheer, TA^^UJI U.
(T, TA.) [See also art. O*).] — : iai, (T, ?, K,)
or 4yLj J>* iiil, (TA,) aor.^; (T;) as also
«5*9 ; these being two dial, vara., one of the other,
mentioned by Yz, on the authority of AA ; (S ;)
[and «3^l ; (see art. C^ ;)] He withheld him,
or restrained him, (S, K,) and turned him, or
averted him, (T, S, K,)from his course, purpose,
or object. (S, TA.) = ^''» # (M, K,) or W i£J»,
(As, T,S,) aor. , , inf. n. CJI, 7/e made him to
swear, or take an oath : (As, T, S, K :) or he
desired of him that he should swear, or give

his testimony, for him. (M,K.) And cxnx* *^J',
inf. n. as above, 77e pressed him, or pressed hard
upon him, with an oath. (M.) It is related
that a man said to 'Omar, " Fear God, O prince
of die faithful :" and another, hearing him, said,

t ^ ! *3« 11 .J**' L5** -^^'i meaning J9o.s< </mw

lower the dignity of the prince of the faithful?

or dost thou diminish to him [the respect that

is due to him] 1 accord, to IAar. : or rather,

dost thou conjure the prince of the faithful? his

saying " Fear God" being as though he conjured

a- 1 . i «f
him by God: for die Arabs say, W «t&W OUI

IJk£» cJUi, meaning 7 conjure thee by God but
that thou do thus, or ««:/♦ a thing. (T.)

3 : see 1.

4 : see 1, in two places.

v^JI — JUI

• ff _ .. . . . . * 1" , 1'

oJI Deficiency : as in the saying ^>>i^y> ^£ «-•

CJt [Hfcere t* not, tn their provision-bags, any
deficiency]. (A.)^mA swearing; syn. wiU..
(M, TA.) [Perhaps an inf. n. in this sense.] —
An oath : as in the saying, when one has not
given thee thy right, or due, c-J^Li «j~S [/Jtni
f Aou Aim by oath]. (T.) = Calumny, slander, or
false accusation. (Kr,M,K.) [Perhaps an inf. n.
in this sense also.]

«~.i

*J1 j! «naW $rt/*. (A A, T, K.)s«jln 00/A
<uc/t <w is termed ^y*^, q- v. (A A, T, K.)

Sj^l &c. for »*'$} &c. : see art. jJj.

vJUl

«< t

1. iU), (T, S, M, M ? b, ^,) aor. -^(S, Msb,
K,) inf^ n. Jfl (S, M, Msb, K) and JIl (?[) and
w»*9l and »J*9j, which is anomalous, and 0^*">
(M, TA,) He kept, or c/are, to it; (A'Obeyd,
T, M, Msb,» TA ;) namely, a thing, (A'Obeyd,
T, M,TA,) or a place; (S, Msb,TA;) as also
ii'f, aor.-,; (TA;) and *iijT, (A'Obeyd, T, S,
M, Msb,) aor. ^|^, (S, TA,) inf. n. J-^jl ; (S,
Msb, TA ;) and * lii\, aor. Ju'$i, inf. n. i*Jl>
and *j"^1 : (S, Msb, TA':) [he frequented it, or
resorted to it habitually; namely, a place:] he
became familiar with it ; or accustomed, or habi-
tuated, to it ; namely, a thing : (AZ, T :) he
became familiar, sociable, companionable, friendly,
or amicable, with him : (AZ, T, Msb :) he loved,
or affected, him; liked, approved, or took pleasure
in, him. (Msb.) You say,^»jlj| j^£jt oi)1 [The
birds kept to the sacred territory], and Oj~JI
[the houses] : and Jl/I &&H * cJJf 77/ « gazelles
kept to tke sands. (T.) ^There are three man-
ners of reading the passage in the Kur [cvi. 1

and 2], wi^Jlj ;U1J1 iUy ^^.1 J& tj^^ •

the second and third being wi^) and uU^ ; the
first and second of which have been adopted ;
(Aboo-ls-hiik, T, TA;) and the third also; this
being the reading of the Prophet [himself] : (TA :)
[accord, to all these readings, the passage may be
rendered, For the keeping of Kureysh, for their
keeping to tlie journey of the winter and of the
summer, or spring ; the chapter going on to say,
for this reason " let them worship the Lord of this

House," &c. : or] the second and third readings

' * frf*

are from uUI, aor. oUU ; [and accord, to these

readings, the passage may be rendered as above ;]
but accord, to the first reading, the meaning is,
for the preparing and fitting out [Sec. ; i. e.,
preparing and fitting out men and beasts in the
journey of the winter &c.] : so says IAmb ; and
Fr explains in the same manner the third reading:
but IAar says that, accord, to this reading, the
meaning is, the protecting [&c] : he says that
the persons who protected were four broUiers,
Hashim and 'Abd-Shems and El-Muttalib and
Nowfal, the sons of 'Abd-Mendf: these gave pro-
tection to Kureysh in their procuring of corn :
(T :) Hashim obtained a grant of security from
the king of the Greeks, and Nowfal from Kisra,

79

and 'Abd-Shems from the Nojashee, and El-
Muttalib from the kings of Hiniyer; and the
merchants of Kureysh used to go to and from the
great towns of these kings with the grants of
security of these brothers, and none opposed

1 1'
them : Hashim used to give protection («JU>< [in

the copies of the K «J5>i]) [to those journeying]
to Syria, and 'Abd-Shems to Abyssinia, and El-
Muttalib to El- Yemen, and Nowfal to Persia:
(T, K :*) or * \SJ*A in the Kur signifies a covenant,
or an obligation ; and what resembles permission,
(SjliLt , as in some copies of the K and in the TA,)
or protection, (»jM> as in the CK,) with an
obligation involving responsibility for safety ;
first obtained by Hashim, from the kings of
Syria ; (K,* TA ;) and the explanation is, tiiat
Kureysh were dwelling in the sacred territory,
(K,) having neither seed-produce nor udders [to
yield them milk], (TA,) secure in the procuring
of their provisions from other parts, and in their
changes of place, in winter and summer, or spring;
die people around them having their property
seized ; whereas, when any cause of mischief
occurred to them, they said, " We are people of
the sacred territory," and then no one opposed
them : (K :) so in the O : (TA :) or the J is to
denote wonder ; and the meaning is, wonder ye
at thesJW of Kureysh [tec.]: (K:) some say
that the meaning is connected with what follows ;
i. e., let them worship the Lord of this House for
die *jy*\ [&c., agreeably widi the first explana-
tion which we have given] : others, that it is
connected widi what precedes; as J says; (TA;)
the meaning being, I have destroyed tho masters
of the elephant to make KureysJi remain at
Mekkeh, and for their uniting the journey of the
winter and of the summer, or spring ; that when
they finished one, they should commence the
other ; (T, S ;) and this is like the saying,
I jil) IjJCJ eZjyb, with suppression of die [con-
junctive] '3 1 (S :) but Ibn-'Arafch disapproves
of this, for two reasons : first, because die phrase
" In die name of God" &c. occurs between the
two chapters: [Bd, however, mentions that in
Ubei's copy, die two compose one chapter :]
secondly, because <J^l signifies the covenants,
or obligations, which they obtained when they
went forth on mercantile expeditions, and whereby
they became secure. (TA.) ♦^»^t [in like manner]
signifies A writing of security, written by tlte
king for people, that they may be secure in his
territory : and is used by Musawir Ibn-Hind in
the sense of tJ^I, [as is also <JUI ,] when he says,
in satirizing Benoo-Asad,

meaning Ye asserted [that your brothers are
Kureysh; i.e.,] that ye are like Kureysh: but
how should ye be like diem ? for they have [an
alliance whereby they are protected in] the trade
of El-Yemen and Syria; and ye lutve not that
[alliance], (Ham p. 030.) [Hence,] i)T J^l,
[a phrase used in the manner of an oath,] accord,
to some, signifies The safeguard, or protection, of
God : or, accord, to others, an honourable station
from God. (TA.) as iiil, aor. ; , He gave him

80

a thousand; (§,£;) of articles of property, and
of camels. (TA.)

2.^U£ uJl, inf. n. jj\3, (T,Msb,K,) He
united them, or brought them together, (T, Msb,
TA,) after separation ; (T, TA ;) and made them
to love one another ; (Msb ;) he caused union, or
companionship, (ail,) to take place between them.
KV") Aml O t-f 'JI 0*f «B«Mlj inf. n. as above, [7
united, or put together, the two things.] (S.) And
t v _ J iJI will 77« united, or connected, (T,) or //a-
/Awerf or collected or brought together, (M,) </«•
swero/ part* o/ Me M%. (T, M.) Hence,

v ^ xJt uiejO [7%eco»n;>oM<tono/&ooA*]. (T,TA.)

• I- .'

— w*JU is The putting many things into suck a
state that one name becomes applicable to them,
whether there be to some of the parts a relation to
others by precedence and sequence, or not: so that
it is a more general term than ^jp : (KT :) or
the collecting together, or putting together, suitable
things; from au^l [i. e . ii'^l] ; and is a more
particular term than ^*t&>j3, which is the putting
together things, whether suitable or not, or placed
in order or not (Kull p. U8.)mm\J£a ^J\ lyj| :
seefi. — lil Jftjfe wrote an alif; ($|) like
as one says W^-. (TA.)™See also 4, in
three places.

3. «AM : see 1, first sentence. wmUi\, (M,TA,)
inf. n. *i}\'y, (TA,) [app., He made a covenant
with another to be protected during a journey for
the purpose of trade, or traffic : (see 1 :) and
hence,] he (a man) traded, or trafficked. (M,
1 A.)^aAJI^» *1»jU He made a condition with
him for a thousand: (IAar, M :) like as one
•>y», JlC«*a.Jli,, meaning, for a hundred. (IAar,
M, YL, in art t^U.)

4. «i)t, inf. n. wi"^l : see 1, in three places.
mml^i\ iii\, (T, M,) or £i£\, (S,) or J&
lji>, (£,) inf. n. as above, (T,) He made him to
keep, or cleave, to the thing, or to the place, or to
tuck a place. (T,§,«M,^.»)__;^1)| wUfi 7
jM**1» conjoined, or united, the thing. (T ) —
>^iJI cJtf, (T,«S, £,♦) inf. n. as above, (S,) 7
made the people, or company of men, to be a
thousand complete [by adding to them myself] ;
(T, S, ?, TA ;) they being before nine hundred
and ninety-nine. (T, TA.) And i jiil wi)T He
made the number to be a thousand; as also ♦**)! :
(M :) or wi^l *UMke completed the thousand.
(£.) And in like manner, (Sj^ljjjl ojof/
made the dirhems to be a thousand (S, $) com-
plete. (S.) AndjCfO' f > 3 | They said to
them, May you live a thousand years. (A in art.
***•) ■■ Ijil ^Vy fcecaww a thousand (T, S, M)
rom;;fe/«. (S.) And J»|jjj| cJT J%« dir/Ww
became a thousand (S, £) complete. (S.)

8. >> wife, (Msb, S,) and t lyj&f [written
with the disjunctive alif 1^.1], (T, £,) The
)teople, or party, became united, or cawus together,
(Msb,?,) [q/Vw separation, (see 2, of which
each is said in- the TA to be quasi-pass.,)] and
hved one another: (Msb:) or the meaning of

UUI

» O'illjl [and willj also] is the being in a state of
union, alliance, agreement, congruity, or congre-
gation : (Msb :) and the being familiar, sociable,
companionable, friendly, ^or amicable, one with
another. (TA.) And l&fti is said of two things ;
[meaning They became united, or put together;
(see 2;)] as also tUJL^I. (S.) And ljb\ twiJUil
signifies The several parts of the thing kept, or
clave, together. (M.) And wife It became put
together in order. (M.) — lyjfe They sought,
desired, or asked, [a covenant to ensure them]
protection, (IAar, T, M,) \J£» J\ [meaning in
a journey for the purpose of trade, or traffic, to such
a place, as is shown in the T by an explanation
of the words of IAar, j>\1)\ ^\ Jujj^iU J&>,
in a passage in which the foregoing signification
is assigned to tyfe] ; (M ;) as also \j£* ^J\ t lyjf.
(M.)aa«*jQ He treated him with gentleness or
blandishment, coaxed him, or wheedled him ; (XL ;)
behaved in a sociable, friendly, or familiar, man-
ner with him; (TA;) attracted him, or allured
him; and gave him a gift, or gifts; (T, K;«)
in order to incline him to him: (K:) or he affected
sociableness, friendliness, or familiarity, with him.
(Mgh.) You say, SUf ^ iajtf [7 attracted
him, or allured him; and gave him a gift, or
gifts, in order to incline him ; to embrace El-
Isldm]. (S.)

8 : see 5, in four places.

[Book I.

the pi. of oU| is J^T; (T, M ;) which is also pi.
of t Jut : (TA :) and that of * JJ\ is Ju$ (S,
S,TA) and iUM : (M,TA:) and that of t JuT
is J-§\ (T, S, Msb, K) and J% like as JtL" is
pi. of j-eli, (TA,) and so, (M, TA,) in my opinion,
[says ISd,] (M,) is Jjft, like as \^L is pi. of

■MlA, (M, TA,) though sonic say that it is pi. of

•* « - » > t

will: (M:) and the pi. of *AUI is UJIjl and

Olif. (Kl.) You say, ^MJ ^ and * ^iJI
[Such a one is my constant companion or asso-
ciate, &c] (T.) And «JUNI ^'l oUNI c J ^,
[7%c female mate yearned towanls the mate].
(S.) And Ai^jf ^Jl j^xJI ijj [The camel yearned

towards his mates]. (T.) o^l, (T,) or o%
(TA,) is said by IAar to mean Persons who keep
to the large towns, or cities. (T, TA.) .Jyi in
the Kur ii. 244 is said by some to be pi. of U$\
or of ♦ oUI : but by others, to signify " thou-
sands." (Bd, L, TA.) ^Ll t July signifies The
birds that keep to Mehkeh and the sacred terri-
tory: and^C^JI t (JUljl, Domestic pigeons. (T.)

will, meaning A certain number, (S, M, ¥.,)
well known, (M,) i. e. a certain round nwnbei;
(Msb,) [namely a thousand,] is of the masc.
gender: (T, S, Msb, K:) you say o^T «>*i
[Three thousand], not o^T iyj ; (f A ;) and
«*»-l.j «-»JI I J* [7%m u one thousand], not Ij^U;
(?> ;) ^and •jll uUI, [^4 complete thousand], (T, S,)
not iUy': (S:) it is not allowable to make it
fem. : so say IAmb and others : (Msb :) or it is
allowable to make it fem. as being a pi. : (T :) or,
accord, to ISk, it is allowable to say, Jut »jl as
meaning oUI^AlJjJl «ji [These dirhems are a
thousand] ; (S, £ ;•) and Fr and Zj say the like :
(Msb :) the pi. is Juf, applied to three, (M,) and
^'» (T, S, M, Msb, K,) applied to a number
from three to ten, inclusively, (TA,) and JU),
(T, S, M, Msb, K,) used to denote more than ten ;
(T;) and Jl^l [in the TA .Jl'^l] is used by
poetic licence for *J*^JI, by suppression of the
[radical] J. (M.)

t_tfl [originally an inf. n. of aa)I, q. v.,] He
with whom one is familiar, sociable, companion-
able, friendly, or amicable; he to whom one keeps
or cleaves; [a constant companion or associate;
a mate; a fellow ; a yoke-fellow; one who is
familiar, tec, with another or others ; (see
^ ;)] (M ;) t. q. t Jyt ; (T, S, M, £ ;) which
is an act part n. of iil ; (Msb;) as is also t Juf ;
(Msb, £ ;) and • UUI also is syn. with Jyf: (£:)
the female is termed iil and JJl ; (M ;) both of
these signifying a woman with whom thou art
familiar, tec, and who is familiar, &c, with
thee: (£:) and the fem. of ♦ Ji\ is ail": (£ :)

wAJI : see will, in two places As some say,

(O,) it also signifies A man having no wife. (O,
K.) = One of the Utters of the alphabet ; (M ;)
the first thereof '; (K ;) as also * JLlf : (M :) Ks
says that, accord, to the usage of the Arabs, it is
fem., and so are all the other letters of the
alphabet; [and hence its pi. isolil;] but it is
allowable to make it masc. : Sb says that every one
of them is masc. and fem., like as is ^,UJ. (M.)
See art. I. _ J A certain vein lying in the in-
terior of the upper arm, [extending] to the fore
arm : (K, TA :) so called as being likened to an I :

(TA:) the two arc called ^Ul^l. (K.) J One

of any kind of tilings: (K1,'tA:) ns being likened
to the I ; for it denotes the number one. (TA.)

ailt A state of keeping or cleaving [to a person
or thing] : (M :) a state of union, alliance, agree-
ment, congruity, or congregation ; (Msb ;) a
subst from >_&ifyt : (Msb, K, TA :) and, as
such, (TA,) signifying also familiarity, sociable-
ness, socialness, companionableness, friendliness,
fellowship, companionship, friendship, and amity.
(Msb, TA.«)

3 u

jjill Of, or relating to, or belonging to, the

number termed oUI [a thousand]. (TA.)
tj s • * *
[aJUl 1*13 A stature resembling the letter alif.

Often occurring in late works.]

1 1 >■ *

w>^l an inf. n. of <uUI : and used as a subst. :
• t ' *t-
sce l.^.o'^l Jj^ Lightning of which the flashes

are consecutive or continuous. (TA.)

t Jt • -*'

w»yi Having much iii\ [meaning familiarity,

and scCtJUI.

sociableness, &c] : pi. «JUI. (K.)
wie>l : see iJUl, in three places

wilt and i*)l ; and wilUt, the pi. of the latter
-♦• -

see wilt, in seven places.

w*^l an inf. n. : and used as a subst : see 1.

Book I.]

«JiJb> [An accustomed place ;] a place to which
a man keeps or cleaves ; [which he frequents, or
to which he habitually resorts;] with which he is
familiar, or to which he is accustomed ; (Msb ;)
a place with which men or camels [or birds and
the like] arc familiar, ice. (K,* TA.)_And
hence, Leafy trees to which animals of the cliase
draw near. (AZ, K.)

Possessors of thousands; or men whose camel*
have become, to each, a thousand. (TA.)

oUy* and * jyU Kept to, or clove to ; applied
to a thing [and to a person ; and meaning when
applied to the latter, with whom one is familiar,
sociable, ice.]. (T.) It is said in a trad., 1 >«^JI

" i_jyU \Ji\ [The believer is one who is familiar,
or sociable, &c, with others, and n'»'<A whom

9 tj $ » J-A* J

others are familiar, ice.]. (T A.) .xryVjA* i*J^»JI

Those whose hearts are made to incline, or are
conciliated, by beneficence and love or affection :
(S,* Msb :) as used in the Kur [ix. GO], it is
Applied to certain chief persons of the Arabs,
whom the Prophet was commanded to attract, or
allure, and to present with gifts, (T,K,) from the
poor-rates, (TA,) in order tltat they might make
those after them desirous of becoming Muslims,
(T, K,) and lest care for things which they deemed
sacred, or inviolable, together with the weakness
of their intentions, should induce them to combine
in hostility with the unbelievers against the Mus-
lims; for which purpose, he gave them, on the
day of Jfoneyn, eighty [in the TA two hundred]
camels: (T:) they were certain men of eminence,
of the Arabs, to whom the Prophet used to give
gifts from the poor-rates; to some of them, to
prevent their acting injuriously; and to some,
from a desire of their becoming Muslims, (Mgh,
Msb,) and their followers also ; (Msb ;) and to
some, in order that they might remain stedfast as
Muslims, because of their having recently become
such ; but when Aboo-Bekr became appointed to
the government, he forbade this practice. (Mgh,
Msb.)™B4A)£* «JUI [These arc a thousand] made
complete. (S.) __ See also fj^iiyo.
%** »
[>Jiy» A composer of a book or books; an

author.]

• it* %i - i

w>yU : see <~i)y», in two places.

I. j#, (JK,K,TA,) aor.-,; (K, TA ;) or
Ji\, slot. - ; (CK ; [in which it would seem,
from what follows in this paragraph and the next,
that the pret. is wrong, but that the aor. is
right;]) inf. n. Jtfl and J^l ; (JK, K ;) It
(lightning) lied ; (AHeyth, K ;) [i. e.] it was

without rain. (JK.) See also 5 Also,

JJI, aor. - , inf. n. J)l, He lied ; spoke falsely :
whence the reading of Aboo-Jaafar and Zeyd

Ibn-Aslam, [in the Kur xxiv. 14,1 <J*i)t5 Jl

•i ' »• *

>»£-*-«IW [ When ye spoke it falsely with your

tongues]. (TA.)

MS

6. jyO It (lightning) shone, gleamed, or glis-
tened; as also * JJUjI [written with the disjunctive
alif jtel] ; (JK, S, IJ, K ;) and so * Jjf, aor. : .
Bk.'l.

JU1 — JUt
(TA.) Ibn-Ahmar has made the second trans.,

' " * * »h

using the phrase 0>^' J^*^> either by suppres-
sing a prep., [meaning She shines to the eyes,] or

meaning thereby site ravishes the eyes. (TA.) —

• - —I*
And cilU, said of a woman, Site adorned

herself: (Sgh, K :) or she became active and

quick to engage in contention or altercation, and

prepared herself for evil or mischief, and raised

her head: (IF,K:) or she became like the iii\

•ft *

[fern, of JJI, q. v.]. (IAar.)
8 : see 5, in two places.

Jit A he-wolf: fcm. with »: (IAar, S, K:)

and the fcm. is also applied to a she-ape or

«#
monkey; the male of which is not called Ji\,

but iji, (S, K,) and -Ll£. (S.) t Evil in

disposition, applied to a man ; and so with 3

applied to a woman : and the latter, a [demon

of the kind called] V^jl-i ; because of its evil,

or malignant, nature : (TA :) and a bold woman ;

(Lth, K ;) for the same reason. (TA.)

J"i)l [an inf. n. (see 1) used as an epithet ;]
Lying, or fallacious, lightning; (K ;) that has
no rain; (JK,K;) as also *JS>f: (K,*TA:)
♦ fjfi, likewise, is an epithet applied to lightning
[in the same sense ; or as signifying shining,
gleaming, or glistening : see 1 and 5] : and so is

4 til » 2 J

▼ JJI, as syn. with wJU. [that excites hope of
rain, but deceives the expectation]. (TA.) _
Also, applied to a man, Lying : (JK :) or lying
much, or often, or habitually : (TA :) and very
deceitful, and variable in disposition. (TA.)
• i ,.t

jyi [app. an inf. n. of JJI ; (see 5 ;)] The

shining, gleaming, or glistening, of lightning.
(TA.)

Ml t ,

Jll : sec J^l.

Jill, like «-»!, [in a copy of the JK incorrectly

written JBI,] i. q. JUU« [Shining, gleaming, or

glistening]; (S,K;) applied to lightning. (JK.)

tin
^_Also f An inconstant man; from JJUJt as

relating to lightning. (JK: there, in this instance,

see Jj'jfl.

JJU1

1. j\+U\ OJJI, (ISd, K,) [aor. '- or - ,] inf. n.
<lHi, (ISd,TA,) He (a horse) chewed, or champed,

» * * r

the bit; syn. «£U. (ISd, K.) One says, of a

* j m * *

horse, ^m 01 .iUb He chews, or champs, the bits :
but the verb commonly known is J^Jb, or JUbu.

(Lth.) [Hence, accord, to some, (see ih>>l,)]

>yj| ^f iut, (Msb, TA,) aor. - , inf. n. jJJI

and ihyi, (Msb,) He acted as a messenger (J— »3)
between the people. (Msb, TA.) __ And aiJl,
aor. - , inf. n. Jii\, He conveyed, or communicated,
to him a message. (Kr.)_And jJJI He sent.
(IB in art. Jy.)

• « ..t

4. ij-Ol is from >lUl signifying "he sent;"

* * . U

and is originally ^jSJW; the [second] hemzeh

81

being transposed and placed after the J, it
becomes ^-iiLill ; then the hemzeh has its vowel
transferred to the J. and is thrown out; ns is
done in the case of JUU, which is originally JXIU,
then J^U, and then AU : (IB in art. Jy :) it
means He thou my messenger; and bear thou
my message; and is often used by the poets.
(S in art. J)jf.) Accord, to IAmb, one says,
ij*jj ^J\ ijSUl, meaning send thou me to such
a one: [but I do not know any instance in
which this meaning is applicable :] and the
original form is iV^-31 ; or, if from jiy^fi, the

original form is ,-JJII: and he also says that
it means be thou my messenger to such a one.
(TA.) One says also, -JC* \£\ L Jii\, which
should properly mean Send thou me to her with
a message : but it is an inverted phrase ; since
the meaning is, be thou my messenger to her
with this message [or rather with a message] :
and >>">t — lb LJI (-iJul i. e. convey thou, or com-
municate thou, to her my salutation ; or be thou
my messenger to her [with salutation] : and some-
times this [prep.] v is suppressed, so that one
says, >OLJt lyJl In _ j -£JI : sometimes, also, the
person sent is he to whom the message is sent ;
as in the saying, >^luJI -ibJI (>>5 iOI [virtually
meaning receive thou my salutation ; but literally]
be thou my messenger to thyself with salutation.
(TA.) Lb. mentions the phrase <01 «UJL)t, with
respect to a message, aor. <*£f!l, inf. n. i£»^)l ;
in which case, the hemzeh [in the aor. and inf. n.]
is converted into a letter of prolongation. (TA
in art. J"}.)

•■ '«
5 : see Jyi.

»*'»%* •

10. <CiDU >iJL)U-(l He bore, or conveyed, his

message; (K;) as also J^CL.1. (TA.)

• it

l)))\ A thing that is eaten [or rather chewed,

as will be seen below] : so in the phrases,
Jjuo Jyt IJjk like Jjuo «->Afr and Jj^> jiyie.
[This is an excellent thing that is chewed], and
j/b cJ^li U [or JyO * C-^JI3 U (Kl >n art.
•JLft)] like «>ybv C—VI nJ *-» [ a PP< meaning
/ have not occupied myself in chewing with any-
thing that is chewed]. (TA.) __ [And hence,
accord, to some,] A message, or communication
sent from one person or party to another ; (Lth,
S, M, K, &c. ; [in the CK, after -3ut)l, by

which iiy^JI is explained in the K &c, we find

$ &' 9 * * * . t

ju« J^i-o JUbJt AJ, in which the first two

words should be oAJbJt ^bi, as in other copies of
the K and in the TA ; and JjJ^JI is erroneously
put, in the CK, for jy^l ;]) said by Lth and
ISd to be so called because it is [as it were]
chewed in the mouth ; (TA ;) as also t i£>^)|
(ISd, Sgh, K) and * iOU (Lth, S, Msb, K, &c.)

and t iou (Msb, K) and ♦ JUU : (S, M, Msb,

K, &c. :) accord, to Kr, (TA,) this last is the

• / 9 *
only word of the measure JjuU : (K, TA :) but

accord, to Sb and Akh, there is no word of this

measure : (TA :) [i. e. there is none originally

11

82

of this measure :] other instances have been men-
tioned ; namely, jtjiL* and .j*** [orijrinally
u>»* 1 aiuI j**-» &nd JXXyt and ^---6, which last
occurs in the Kur [ii. 280], accord, to one read-
ing, in the words tjlS ^'t ijiiSi • but it is said

that each of these, and 4iii» also, may be regarded
as originally with » ; or, accord, to AHei, each
is [virtually, though not in the language of
the grammarians,] a pi. of the same with S;
(MF, TA and Akh says the same with respect

to jt,j>U and ^jyu : (TA :) Seer says that each
is curtailed of i by poetic licence ; but this asser-
tion will not apply to j— -», as it occurs in the
Kur. (MF, TA.) — Jyl also signifies A mes-
senger. (Ibn-'Abbad, K. [In the CK here fol-

lows, jyW^ JyUlj : but the right reading is

jyUI JyU^ 7 as in otlier copies and in the
TA.])

• - >t • >i

iS»y 1 1 sec i)yi.

OUU is said to be the original form of JXJU
[An angel; so called because he conveys, or
communicates, the message from God ; (K,* TA,
in art. J*9 ;)] derived from J)y! ; (Mfb, K, TA ;
[but in the CK is a mistake here, pointed out
above, voce Jy I ;]) so that the measure of JJUU
is Jjm : (Mfb :) Jul* is both sing, and pi. : Ks
says that it is originally JuU, from Jyi signifying
"a message;" then, by transposition, j)y+, a
form also in use ; and then, in consequence of
frequency of usage, the hemzeh is suppressed,
so that it becomes jJUU ; but in forming the pi.,
they restore it to V"fc, saying aXS'JU, and jfc^U
also : (S in art. oUU :) or, accord, to some, it is
from j)"j " he sent ;" so that the measure of JUU
is JA* : and there are other opinions respecting
it : (Mfb :) some say that its > is a radical : see
art. OlU. (TA in art. J^.)

ski)

tfJU : ; see j)j)l.

1. ^J I , aor. - , inf. n. Jj\, It, (as, for instance,
the belly, T, 6, or the head, Mfb,) or he, (a
man, T, 8, Msb,) was in pain ; had, or suffered,

jMin ; acted. (T, 8, M, Mfb, K.) s&iJJH [He

was in pain, or had pain, in his belly] (M) and
* . • * * • t
AilsM w~»)l [thou roast in pain, or had.it pain,

in thy belly] (T, S) or JUj [in thy head] (Msb)

are like -ulj *li> (M) and JjJl olij (8, T) and

jJUtj cj » .j ; (Msb ;) the noun being in the accus.
case accord, to Ks as an explicative, though
explicative* are [by rule] indeterminate, as in
U«ft *,> Oj J and U-ji Ay c.i*> ; (T ;) the regular

form being (•&* J\ and] JJuLy ^j{, (T, 8,)
as the verb is intrans. (T.)

4. £>T, (S, M, M f b, K,) inf. n. J^l, (8,
Mfb,) I caused him pain or aching. (S,* M,
Mfb,K.)

MP

5. ^U J9T« w«M, or became, pained : (M,* Msb,
K :•) or A« expressed pain, grief, or sorrow ;
lamented ; complained ; made lamentation or
complaint; moaned; syn. £*■>>, (T,S,) and

i>i- (T.) Yousay,o^*J^ 0$.J& [SucA
a one expressed pain, Lc, on account of the
conduct or the like of such a one ; complained
of such a one] : (T :) and o^jjl li$ [on account

of the hardness of the time]. (TA in art.>»jl.)

•-« »-

^J1: see^.

^\Pain; ache; (T,S,M,K;) as also tijCl:

(T, M, K :) pi. (of the former, T, M) J$. (T,

M,K.) You say, O'l % ta^Jt j^ I U I do

not find pain nor ache; i. e. U»j : so says AZ :

and IAar says, t ijl »Jj ajw as meaning the

same. (T.) And the Arabs say, .Si J &if i
# ' f*f ^^ *

T **W, meaning J mill assuredly bring upon

thee [lit make thee to pass the night in] distress,
or difficulty. (Sh.)

• *

jji\ Being in pain ; having, or suffering, pain ;

aching. (M, K.)

• <-«

see ^glt.

^J a contraction of U ^1 : see Jl, last
sentence.
< i
^1 Causing pain or aching ; painful; (S, K.;)

*• ?• *>i>* 5 (T, M, Msb ;) like ***!. as syn. witli
* > .« : (S :) so when applied to punishment [or
torment or torture] : (T, Mfb :) or, thus applied,
painful, or causing pain or aching, in the utmost
degree. (M,K.)

I' if

i«yi Lowness, ignobleness, baseness, vileness, or

meanness. (O, K.)

*«l;l: see ^1, in three places. — Accord, to
IAor, (T,) A sound, or voice. (T, K.) You say,

i^Xjl a) Co^ . j to I heard not any sound, or
voice, of, or belonging to, him, or if. (IAar, T.)
Accord, to AA, (T,) Motion. (T,K.)

• • j it

^yt: see^l.

V *it > *i~

^U', or ^UJI : see art u*y».

1. a)I, (S, and so in some copies of the K,) with
fet-h, (S,) or a)I, (Mgh, Mfb, and so in some
copies of the K,) like «_-j«j, aor. - , (Msb,) inf. n.

i*y\ (S, Msb, K) and iky \ and L.y t, (K,) 7/e
served, worshipped, or adored; syn. jus. (S,
Mfb, K.) Hence the reading of I ' Ab, [in the
Kur vii. 124,] ilii^Jj iJjJJ^ [And fcawe (Aw,
and //(« service, or worship, or adoration, of thee ;
instead of «lXV'j an ^ '^y ^eds, which is the com-
mon reading]; for he 'used to say that Pharaoh
was worshipped, and did not worship : (S :) so,
too, says Th: and IB says that the opinion of
I 'Ab is strengthened by the sayings of Pharaoh
[mentioned in the Kur lxxix. 24 and xxviii. 38],
"lorn your lord the most high," and " I did not

[Book I.

know any god of yours beside me." (TA.)x=
41, aor. - , (S, K,) inf. n. it, (S,) He was, or
became, confounded, or perplexed, and unable to
see his right course ; (S, K;) originally a),. (S.)
— O*** (^* *« He was, or became, vehemently
impatient, or affected with vehement grief, or he
manifested vehement grief and agitation, on ac-
count of such a one; (S, K ;) like *JJ. (S.)

*eJI a)I He betook himself to him by reason of
fright or fear, seeking protection ; or sought, or
asked, aid, or succour, of him: he had recourse,
or betook himself, to him for refuge, protection,
or preservation. (K.)_ jut^ *>' He remained,
stayed, abode, or dwelt, in the place. (MF.)sa
VI, (K,) like iii., (TA,) [in the CK a>,] He
protected him; granted him refuge; preserved,
saved, rescued, or liberated, him ; aided, or suc-
coured, him; or delivered him from evil: he
rendered him secure, or safe. (K.)

2. aJU [inf. n. of a^JI He made him, or took
him as, a slave; he enslaved him;] Lq. j>...jl>.
(S, K.) — [The primary signification of a^JI seems
to be, He made him to serve, worship, or adore.
_ Accord, to Freytag, besides having the former
of the two meanings explained above, it signifies
He reckoned him among gods ; heUl him to be a
god; made him a god: but he does not mention
his authority.]

mi

5. aJ13 He devoted himself to religions services
or exercises ; applied himself to acts of devotion.
(JK,S,Msb,K.)

a ,»l •' '

a^VI : sec fe^t.

«i • >

a)I , or »*^l , [the former of which is the more

common mode of writing the word,] is of the

measure JUi (S, Msb, K) in the sense of the

• * i * % m

measure JyuU, (S, Msb,) like w>U£» in the sense

• ' • ' i * ' t > i*

of *->y&*, and l»l— -> in the sense of \>y—~*,

(Msb,) meaning ▼»yU [An object of worship or
adoration ; i. e. a god, a deity] ; (S, Mfb, K ;)
anything that is taken as an object of worship or
adoration, accord, to him who takes it as such :
(K :) with the article Jl, properly, t. q. a&I ; [sec
this word below ;] but applied by the believers in
a plurality of gods to what, is worshipped by them
to the exclusion of Jl>\ : (Msb:) pi. L/\ -. (Mfb,
TA:) which signifies idols: (JK,S,TA:) in
the K, this meaning is erroneously assigned to
**•$!: (TA:) [not so in the CK; but there,
Ayl^t is put in a place where we should read
iV$N1, or a**9J without the article :] * ii^Nt [is
the fern, of «">}S1, and] signifies [the goddess : and
particularly] the serpent : [(a meaning erroneously
assigned in the CK to AyJ^I ; as also other mean-
ings here following:) because it was a special
object of the worship of some of the ancient
Arabs :] (K :) or the great serpent : (Th :) and
the [new moon; or the moon when it is termed]
J**: (Th,K:) and, (8,K,) as also tav$,,
without Jl, the former perfectly decl., and the
latter imperfectly decl., (8,) and ♦ AV^I, (IAar,
K,) andtii^', (IAar,TA,) and t &>&, (K,)

Book I.]

[and app. * *V&] and t ljr)\, (K,) the sun ; (S,
K;) app. go called because of the honour and wor-
ship which they paid to it : (S :) or the hot sun. (Th,
TA.) [a)I is the same as the Hebrew TV) 7 N and
the Chaldee PT?N ; and is of uncertain deriva-
tion : accord, to some,] it is originally «^Jj, like
as ».U>I is originally 9-^2 ; meaning that man-
kind yearn towards him who is thus called,
[seeking protection or aid,] in their wants, and
humble themselves to him in their afflictions, like
as every infant yearns towards its mother. (TA.)
[Sec also the opinions, cited below, on the deriva-
tion of J&T.]

j* .1 i- -t *i

2**91 and aa^JI : sec a)I.

1, .1 10 A 4> *, .1 I' '

aa^I and aa^I : sec a)1. = aa^I : see aa^I.

ii^l inf. n. of 1, q. v. (S, Msb, K.) as God-
* ' .*. .1

ship; divinity; (K.;) as also " aa*} 1 ! (CK [not

found by nut in any MS. copy of tlic K) and
* ll><)\. (K.) = aa^J and aa*^I : sec III.

i^l : see a)I.

s ) a .

[ ( ^ V JI , or j_5**j)l , Of, or relating to, God or «

god; divine: theological: Hence, i«J*5)l .jJUJI

i ■ **' '

or i**"^! : HOC what next follows.]

[2cyJN1, or AgA^NI, Theology; the science of
the being and attributes of God, and of the

2 I jt

article* of religions belief; also termed oLyJSI j^s.
or ObV«l, and t ^^t '^j&X or \Jtff*\

oil, [written with the disjunctive alif <uil,
meaning f/or/, i. c. <Ac only true god,] accord, to
the most correct of the opinions rcsjKM-ting it,
which arc twenty in number, (K,) or more than
thirty, (MF,) is a proper name, (Msb,K,) applied
to the Jiving who exists necessarily, by Himself,
comprising all the attributes of perfection ; (TA ;)
a proper name denoting the true god, comprising
all the excellent divine names; a unity comprising
all the essences of existing tilings ; (Ibn-El-
' Ara bee, TA ;) the Jl being inseparable from it :
(M|b:) not derived: (Lth, Msb, K :) or it is
originally In , or ••$! , (Sb, AHcyth, S, Msb, K,)
of the measure Jl*» in the sense of the measure

• J • # * at'

JyuU, meaning o^ U, (S, K,*) with [the article]
Jl prefixed to it, (Sb, AHcyth, S, Msb,) so that
it becomes e^HI, (Sb, AHcyth, Msb,) then the
vowel of the hemzeh is transferred to the J [before
it], (Msb,) and the hemzeh is suppressed, (Sb,
A Hey th, S, Msb,) so that there remains aJUI, or
OMI, after which the former J is made quiescent,
and incorporated into the other : (Sb, AHeyth,
Msb :) the suppression of the hemzeh is for the
purpose of rendering the word easy of utterance,
on account of die frequency of its occurrence :
and the Jl is not a substitute for the hemzeh ; for
were it so, it would not occur therewith in a^JNI :
(S :) so says J ; but IB says that this is not a
necessary inference, because »*^Nt applies to God
(dill) and also to the idol that is worshipped;
whereas aXM applies only to God ; and therefore,

*)l— ^1

in using the vocative form of address, one may
say, M b [0 God], with the article Jl and with
the disjunctive hemzeh ; but one may not say,
ovJnJ! \j either with the disjunctive or with the
conjunctive hemzeh: (TA:) Sb allows that it
may be originally »"-} : see art. aJ : (S :) some
say that it is from a)I, either because minds are
confounded, or perplexed, by the greatness, or
majesty, of God, or because He is the object of
recourse for protection, or aid, in every case : or
from Aylt, meaning " he protected him," fee., as
explained above : sec 1, last sentence. (TA.) The
Jl is pronounced with the disjunctive hemzeh in
using the vocative form of address [all b] because
it is inseparably prefixed as an honourable dis-
tinction of this name ; (S ;) or because a pause
upon the vocative particle is intended in honour
of die name; (S in art. aJ ;) and AAF says that
it is also thus pronounced in a form of swearing ;
as in t^imxJ Atllit [an elliptical phrase, as will be
shown below, meaning Then, by God, wilt thou
indeed do such a thing ?] ; though he denies its
being thus pronounced because it is inseparable ;
regarding it as a substitute for the suppressed
hemzeh of t*jFjA : (S in the present art. :) Sb
mentions this pronunciation in <utl b ; and Th
mentions the pronunciation of *a\ b also, with the
conjunctive hemzeh : Ks, moreover, mentions, as
used by the Arabs, the phrase J Jkil aX> [0
God, forgive me], for <u)l b ; but this is disap-
proved. (ISd,TA.) The word is pronounced in
the manner termed ^oJu, [i. e., with the broad
sound of the lengthened fet-h, and with a full
sound of the letter J,] for the purpose of showing
honour to it ; but when it is preceded by a kesrch,

[us in dlllj By God, and *Sl\ jo~i In the name of
God,] it is pronounced in the [contr.] manner
termed S^y : A Hat says that some of die vulgar

say, «Dbj *) [Ko, by God], suppressing the alif,

J I ■ i

which should necessarily be uttered, as in { j^a- J i\,
which is in like manner written without alif; and
he adds that some person has composed a verse
in which die alif [in this word] is suppressed,
erroneously. (Msb.) You say, IJ^==> .J olll <uil.
[a verb being understood,] meaning Fear ye
God, fear ye God, with respect to such a thing.
(Marginal note in a copy of the Jami' es-Sagheer.

•3 » !##■» *l#

[See another ex. voce ij£s.]) And t >W , jJ aDI

a - * 0t * 1 »
and V >X*»'9 *t*l [By God, I will assuredly do

such a thing] : in the former is understood a verb

significant of swearing ; and in the latter, [or in

both, for a noun is ot'ten put in the accus. case

because of a particle understood,] a particle [such

as _> or j] denoting an oath. (Bd in ii. 1.) And

oJLui U au, meaning cJUri U <u)\j [By God, I
did not, or have not done, such a thing], (JK.)
And S)j> JblTo God be attributed thy deed! (A
in art. j* :) or the good that hath proceeded from
thee ! or thy good deed ! or thy gift ! and what is
received from thee ! [and thy flow of eloquence !
and the like] : a phrase expressive of admiration
of anything: (TA in art. jj :) [when said to an
eloquent speaker or poet, it may be rendered

divinely art thou gifted I]. Andtp Hi J To God be

attributed his deed! [fee.]. (S and K in art. jj.)
And JZ\ii\ <si [meaning To God be attributed
(the eloquence of) the sayer ! or] horn good, or
beautiful, is the saying of the sayei; or of him
who says [such and such words] ! or it is like the
phrase op ol), meaning J To God be attributed
his goodness! and his pure action! (Har p. 11.)
And (j*ii At* [To God be attributed (the excel-
lence, or goodness, or deed, fee, of) such a one!]

explained by Az as meaning wonder ye at such a

. ji 1
one : how perfect is he! (Har ibid.) [And Jyl *3) :

' t • ' ' ** L .*. '

see art. &jI.1 And wJI «*>*-, meaning C~JI eS [lit.
To God be thou attributed ! i. e. to God be attri-
buted thine excellence! or thy goodness! or thy
deed! fee.]. (JK.) [Similar to m, thus used, is
the Hebrew expression DVON? after an epithet
signifying "great" or the like.] **l\ Ulj eb 01
uy*-'j 1 in the Kur [ii. 151], said on the occasion
of an affliction, means Verily to God we belong,
as property and servants, He doing with us what
He willcth, and verily unto Him we return in
the ultimate state of existence, and He will
recompense us. (Jel.) AZ mentions the phrase
»*5) jbjaJl [meaning a& j> t n.ll Praise be to God]:
but this is not allowable in the Kur-an : it is only
related as heard from the Arabs of the desert, and
those not knowing the usage of the Kur-an. (Az,

****?*• * .

T A.) __ ~ J j 9 yli\ is an expression used in prayer ;

as also >v A'>'; (JK, Msb;) meaning aDI l^ [O
God] ; the j. being a substitute for [the suppressed
vocative particle] b ; (S in art. aJ, and Bd in

iii. 25;) but one says also, ^^JJI b, (JK, and S
ibid,) by poetic licence : (S ibid :) or the meaning,

accord, to some, is j^-> U«t aXiI b [ () God, bring
us good] ; (JK, and Bd ubi supra ;) and hence
the origin of the expression. (Bd.) You say also

•^1 jf^uK [which may be rendered, inversely, Un-
less, indeed; or unless, possibly] : the former word
being thus used to denote that the exception is
something very rare. (Mtr in the commencement
of his Expos, of the Mnkamdt of El-Harccrcc,

and Har pp. 52 and 53.) And ^mi _jmyii\ [which
may be rendered, inversely, Yes, indeed; or yea,
verily] : the former word being used in this case
as corroborative of the answer to an interrogation,
negative and affirmative. (Har p. 563.)

^cy-UI : see what next precedes.

• A, «i

•yU : see a)I.

jW

1. 4, (S,M,Mgh,K.) aor. jj, (S, Mgh,)
inf. n. |Jl (T,M,Mgh,K) and jM (K, TA [in
a copy of the M J\]) and ,Jlj (K,TA; [in

a copy of the M ^1, and in a copy of die Mgh
written with fet-h and damm to the I;]) and
* Jl, (S, If, K,) aor. J&, inf. n. 3J3 ; (8 ;)
and * ^UJI [written with the disjunctive alif
^jiiy] ; (S,M,K;) [and * Ju, as appears from
an ex. in a verse cited in art. V J*J, q. v. ;] He
fell short ; or he fell short of doing what was
requisite, or what he ought to have done ; or he

11 •

84

flagged, or was remiss ; syn. j*S : (S, M, K ;
and Fr, IAar, T, Mgh, in explanation of the first
of these verbs :) and he mas slow, or tardy :
(M, K ; and A A, T, S, in explanation of the
second verb :) or he flagged, or tvas remiss, or
languid, and weak. (AHeyth and T in explana-
tion of all of the above-mentioned verbs except the
last) You say, £*)\ ^ $, (Mgh,) and * ,J&\
«e», (§,) He fell short, &c, (j**i,) in the affair.

(8, Mgh.) In the saying, JU> J> J>*? $ JiX,
i. e. He did not fall short, &c., ( j^aJu Jj,) in
acting equitably and equally in that, ^j is

suppressed before o' : Dut '" tlie phrase, yb Ji
JjjOI ,_>•, as some relate it, [the meaning intended
seems to be, They did not hold back, or the like,
from acting equitably; for here] the verb is
made to imply the meaning of another verb : and
such is the case in the saying, U~U ilyi *9,
meaning I will not refute to thee, nor partially
or wholly deprive thee of, sincere, honest, or
faithful, advice : (Mgh :) or this last signifies
I will not flag, or be remiss, nor fall short,
to thee in giving sincere, honest, or faithful,
advice. (T, 8.*) It is said in the $ur [iii. 114],

^Ks*- j&y* % meaning They will not fall short,
or flag, or be remiss, in corrupting you. (IAar,
T.) And the same meaning is assigned to the

• . i •£• . • '•■• ' i * »i» »»

verb in the saying ^^U J-oAJI ^\ " Jj\i *)j, in

the Kur [xxiv. 22], by A 'Obeyd : but the pre-
ferable rendering in this case is that of AHeyth,
which will be found below : see 4. (T.) Ks

mentions the phrase, JL. -j iyj-iu JJt [He came
witA a Atow, not falling short, lus.], for ^ ^ ;
like ^>f •$' [for j^ji ■>>]. (8, M : [but in the
copies of tlie former in my hands, for iyj-eu, I
find Ajj^Lt.]) ▼ ^jll [with teshdeed] is also said
of a dog, and of a hawk, meaning He fell short
of attaining the game that he pursued. (TA.)
And of a cake of bread, meaning It was slow
in becoming thoroughly baked. (IAar, IB.) [See
also the phrase £~ t iJL>\ "^j wop ^ in a later
part of this paragraph.] _ You say also, oy il U
,^&l, (K,) «r «Xi-l o« ^ I U, (M,) inf. n jll
(M,K) and ])l, (K,TA, [in a copy of the M
y 1,]) meaning I did not leave, quit, cease from,
omit, or neglect, (M,K,) the thing, (K,) or doing
it. (M.) And £*. y'Q ^' O^i Such a one does
not leave, quit, or cease from, doing good. (M.)
And Ijy*- oyi U / <fof not leave, omit, or
neglect, labour, exertion, effort, or endeavour:
and the vulgar say, Ijy*. jjyi U; but this is
wrong : so says As. (T. [See, however, similar
phrases mentioned above.]) bbb*£|, aor. as above,
(TA,) inf. n. yf, (IAar, T, TA,) also signifies
He strove, or laboured; he exerted himself, or
his power or ability; (IAar, T, TA ;) as also
* ,Ju : (T, TA :) the contr. of a signification
before mentioned; i. e. "he flagged," or "was
remiss, or languid, and weak." (TA.) You
say, V«» c»yU VU- ^» ,-iOl He came to me
respecting a want, and I strove, or laboured, &c,
to accomplish it. (T.) __ And '»"$, aor. as above,

Ml

(T, 8,) inf. n. yi, (IAar, T, 8,) He was, or
became, able to doit: (IAar, T, 8 :) and ▼ .J I,
inf. n. iJU, also signifies he was, or became,
able; (TA ;) and so * i JC». (ISk, S, TA.)
You say, j+*)\ IJJk y yk ii* w aftZe to perform,
or accomplish, this affair. (T.) And <«Jyi U J
wai not able to do it. (T, M, K.) And j-iOl
»jj w»yi Ui i»-U. ^j* ^>» omcA a one cant«
to m« respecting a want, and I was not able to
rebuff him. (T.) It is said in a trad., >U> ^

▼^ ^>>U ii jijJI [2T« *>Ao/a*U «wr, or
always, may he neither fast] nor be able to fast :
as though it were an imprecation: or it may
be enunciative : another reading is Jl *)j, ex-
plained as meaning nyj *)y. [see art. jy :]
but El-Khattabee says that it is correctly jf\
and *)\. (TA.) And the Arabs used to say,
(S, M,) [and] accord, to a trad, it will be said to
the hypocrite [in his grave], on his being asked
respecting Mohammad and what he brought,
and answering " I know not," (T in art. yV3,)
▼O^iiif Sb C^jj % (T,S,M,?1,) meaning,
accord, to As, (T,) or ISk, (8,) Mayesi thou
not know, nor be able to know : (T, 8 :*) or,
accord, to Fr, nor fall short, or flag, in seeking
to know ; that the case may be the more miserable
to thee : (T :) or w-Jt *)), as an imitative sequent
[for oy I "^j, to which the same explanations
are applicable] : (MK :) or c-Jb ^ c^Ji %
the latter verb being assimilated to the former,
(ISk, T in art. jtt, S,) said to mean oyU *)'},
i. e. nor mayest thou read nor study : (T in art.
yU :) or w^JDI *>U oojj *n), i. e. [mayest thou
not know,] nor mayest thou have camels followed

by young ones. (Yoo, ISk, T, S, M, ?:.) Also,

(IAar.T,) inf. n. yf, (IAar, T, ^,) Jf« gave him
a thing: (IAar, T, K :•) [doubly trans.:] the
contr. of a signification before mentioned, (also
given by IAar, T and TA,) which is that of
" refusing " [a person anything : see, above,
U-liJyf^]. (TA.)
2 : see 1, in four places.

4. J\, (T,S,M,&c.,) aor. Jfr, inf. n. Hi\,
(T, 8, Mgh,) [and in poetry J>)l , (see a reading
of a verse cited voce mjft,)] He swore ; (T, 8, M,
Mgh, ?! ;) as also * Jb, and t L y^|. (T, 8, M,
IfL.) You say, t^L)\ l _ J ie £~j\ and AiJI [I swore

to do the thing]. (M.) [And I i& JiJl ^ o^T
/ *n»ore r Aar I would not do such a thing ; and,
emphatically, I swear that I will not do such

a thing. And L**^ .Jf He swore an oath.] It

* I tl

is said in the £ur [xxiv. 22], yy ♦ J3[^ *)}

jt*-l+ J-«*", meaning, accord, to AHeyth and
Fr, And let not those of you who possess super-
abundance swear [that they will not give to
relations &c.] ; for Aboo-Bekr [is particularly
alluded to thereby, because he] had sworn that he
would not expend upon Mistah and his relations
who had made mention of [the scandal respecting]
' Aisheh : and some of the people of El-Medeeneh

read * Jw S|j» hut this disagrees with the written
text: A 'Obeyd explains it differently: see 1:
but the preferable meaning is that here given.

(Book I.

(T.) And it is said in a trad., \ Jf l> eiili eye . jt
He swore that he would not go in to his wives
for a month : the verb being here made trans,
by means of ^>* because it implies the meaning
of ct£*t, which is thus trans. (TA.) [See also
an ex. of the verb thus used in the Kur ii. 226.]
All ^yi* "^jJUJI is said to mean One's saying,
By Ood, such a one will assuredly enter the fire
[of Hell], and Ood will assuredly make to have
a good issue the work of such a one : but see
the act. part. n. below. (TA.) = oJI, inf. n.
as above, She (a woman) took for herself, or
made, or prepared, a ?ji*, q. v. (TA.)

5 : see 1, in two places : be and see 4, in three
places.

8 : see 1, in five places :
places.

: and see 4, in two

yt, or yi : see ,jM in art. ^J\.

A
yi, (so in some copies of the S, and so in

the K in tlie last division of that work, and in
the CK in art. Jt, [and thus it is always pro-
nounced,] but in some copies of the K in art Jl

it is written oW- t as though to show the original
form of its termination,]) or ^\, (so in the M,
and in some copies of tlie S, [and thus it is
generally written,]) t. q. jjji [Possessors of;
possessed of; possessing; having]; a pi. which
has no sing.' (8, M, K) of its own proper letters,
(S, K,) its sing, being ji : (8 :) or, as some
say, a quasi-pl. n., of which the sing, is ^3 : (K :)

the fern, is 0"^l, (so in some copies of the 8 and
K, [and thus it is always pronounced,]) or

0*jy, (so in other copies of the 8 and K, [and
thus it is generally written,]) of which the sing,
is oli : (8, K :) it is as though its sing, were

Jl, (M,Ij:, [in the C£ jl,]) the [final] s [in

the inaso.] being the sign of the pi., (M,) for

it has ^ [for its termination] in the nom. case,

and {j in the accus. and gen. (M, K.) It is

never used but as a prefixed noun. (M, K.)

i ( ii .
The following are exs. of the nom. case : ^\ ^>»J

ju jJi ^jXi yy^ 5y [ We are possessors of strength,
and possessors of vehement courage], in the £ur

[xxvii. 23] ; and ui** .Jjl <*r**4 J^jfi ££
[The possessors of relationships, these have the
best title to inheritance, one with respect to
another], in the same [viii. last verse and xxxiii.

0] ; (TA ;) and ^£fa\ Jjl ,Vi V [The persons
of understandings came to me]; and JU»-"iM o*^«1
[Those who are with child; occurring in the
Kur lxv. 4] : (8 :) and the following are exs.
of the accus. and gen. cases : t>e/J&yij ^ij

i^JiJI ^y [And leave thou me, or let me alone,
with the belters, or discrediters, (i. e., commit
their case to me,) the possessors of ease and plenty],
in the Kur [Ixxiii. 11] ; and ^yy a ...* m C\( iyZl
»yUI [Would weigh down the company of men
possessing strength], in the same [xxviii. 76].
(TA.) J&+ p% j£\}, in the Kur [iv. 62],
[And those, of you, who are possessors of com-
mand], (M,K,«) accord, to Aboo-Is-hak, (M,)

Book I.]

means the companion* of the Prophet, and the
men of knowledge their follower*, (M, K,) and
the possessor* of command, toko are their followers,
when also postessort of knowledge and religion :
(K :) or, as some say, [simply] the possessors
of command; for when these are possessors of
knowledge and religion, and take, or adopt and
maintain, and follow, what the men of knowledge
■ay, to obey them is of divine obligation : and
in general those who are termed ***91 yy, of the
Muslims, are those who superintend the affairs of
such with raped to religion, and everything con-
ducing to the right disposal of their affair*. (M.)

.Jl , accord, to 8b, is originally with j in the
place of the [^£, i.e. the final] alif; and so is^jic ; for
the alifs [in these two particles] are not susceptible
of imaleh ; [i. e., they may not be pronounced
ile and 'ale ;] and if either be used as the proper
name of a man, the dual [of the former] is u'VJ
and [that of the latter] O'^* 5 Dut wnen a pr "
noun is affixed to it, the alif is changed into ye,
so that you say iQl and il^* ; though some of
the Arabs leave it as it was, saying J^l and J^U.
(S.) It is a prep., or particle governing a noun
in the gen. case, (S, Mughnee, K,) and denotes
the end, as opposed to [±y, which denotes] the
beginning, of an extent, or of the space between
two points or limits; (S, M ;) or the end of an
extent (T, Mughnee, K) of place ; [signifying To,
or a* far a*;] as in the phrase [in the Kur xvii. 1],

the Sacred Mosque to, or as far at, the Furthest
Mosque; meaning from the mosque of Mekkch
to that of Jerusalem] ; (Mughnee, K ;) or in the
saying, iC» .Jl iijOl ^jj> < £»*pj4 [I went forth
frOm El-Koofeh to Mekheh], which may mean
that you entered it, [namely, the latter place,] or
that you reached it without entering it, for the
end includes the beginning of the limit and the
furthest part thereof, but does not extend beyond
it. ($.) [In some respects it agrees with J-*-,
q. v. And sometimes it signifies Toward* ; as in
^jl jiki lie looked toward* me; and 4*j| JU
He, or it, inclined toward* kirn, or it. __ It also
denotes the end of a space of time ; [signifying To,
till, or until;] as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 183],

jJjbfjjM >l*JI '>»3lji3 [Then complete ye the
fatting to, or till, or until, the night]. (Mughnee,
K.) [Hence, ^1 ^1 (followed by a mansoob
aor.) Till, or until : and ^Ju J\ Till, or until,
what time, or when ? i. e. kow long ? and also to,
till, or until, the time when. See also the last
sentence in this paragraph.] — [In like manner
it is used in the phrases JJi ^a J\ , and *^t .Jl ,
meaning, (And to on,) to other thing*, and to the
end thereof; equivalent to et cater a. ] Some-
times, (S,) it occurs in the sense of **, (T, 8, M,
Mughnee, K,) when a thing is joined to another
thing ; (Mughnee, K ;) as in the phrase [in the
Kur iii. 45 and Ixi. 14], M Jj ^uif *£ [Who
will be my aider* with, or in addition to, God?],
(8, Mughnee, K,) accord, to the Koofees and
some of the Basrees ; (Mughnee ;) i. e. who will
be joined to Ood in aiding me? (M, TA;) and

J»«

,1.

as in the saying [in the Kur iv. 2], UJ£»l3 ^
j*&£** 1/' >•*•'>*' [ J * n ^ devour not ye their pot-
sessions with, or in addition to, your possessions] ;
(T, 8 ;) and [in the same, ii. 13,] ^'l lyU. 1*1 j
^y^ifCL [And when they are alone with their
devil*] ; (8 ;) and in the saying, J*t jjJJI J\ >j JJt
[A few she-camel* with, or added to, a few *lie-
camel* are a herd of camel*], (8, Mughnee, K,) a
pro v., meaning t a little with a little make* much;
(8 and A in art. jji, q. v. ;) though one may not
say, JU j^j jJJ meaning JU jsj ** : (Mugh-

' t ' **i * %' * Jit

nee :) so too in the saying, am, ^jt ^)l jftten if}i

[Such a one it clement, or forbearing, with good
education, or polite accomplishment*, and intelli-
gence, or knowledge of tlw, law] ; (M, TA ;) and

to , t .# j , • f

so, accord, to Kh, in the phrase, «iUt oil «x*»-l
[I praise God with thee : but see another ren-
dering of this phrase below]. (ISh.) In the

rt-i **Y **" *A* ' ' i W*
saying in the Kur [v. 8], ^j jw\j jfi hy t tf I jJu-cU

Jiil^Jt j_)1 , it is disputed whether [the meaning
be Tfien mash ye your facet, and your arm* with
the elbow*, or, and your arm* a* far a* the
elbow*; i. e., whether] the elbows be meant to be
included among the parts to be washed, or ex-
cluded therefrom. (T.) A context sometimes
shows that what follows it is included in what

precedes it ; as in »j**.\ J\ <*) jl ^* Olr*" «-'!*'

[I read, or recited, the Kurdn,from the beginning

thereof to the, rnd thereof] : or that it is excluded ;

*a • , , * i t a>
as in JJUt ,J| >l~a) I I^*jI j^ [explained above] :

when this is not the case, some say that it is
included if it be of the same kind [as that which
precedes] ; some, that it is included absolutely ;
and some, that it is excluded absolutely ; and this
is the right assertion ; for with the context it is in
most instances excluded. (Mughnee.) __ It is
also used to show the grammatical agency of the
noun governed by it, after a verb of wonder j or
after a noun of excess importing love or hatred ;

[as in .Jl AMm-\ U Sow lovely, or pleating, is he

to me I (TA in art. w-»- ,) <""* J\ *^v' U How
hateful, or odious, i* he to me! ($ in art. ^joju ;)
and] ' as in the saying [in the Knr xii. 33], w>j

jJI sr-^-l {ft} ■■■)! [O my Lord, the prison is more

pleasing to me]. (Mughnee, K.) [This usage is

similar to that explained in the next sentence.] __

It is tyn. with jJs. ; (S, M, Mughnee, Msb, K ;)

* t a - 0*4 1
as in the phrase, IJ>& k j^ ^Jl s j t i»\ y*> [It is

more desirable, or pleasant, in my estimation than
such a thing] ; (Msb ;) and in the saying of the
poet,

-• a i %t 0*%

J-JU! J^j}) 0*J\^\

[I* there no way of return to youth, teeing that
the remembrance thereof it more pleasant to me,
or in my estimation, than mellow wine ?] (Mugh-
nee, K :) and accord, to this usage of ,JI in the

*0 ^^ ml

sense of Jm& may be explained the saying, c-Jl

** C * t 00*m '

i— 1 ,JI JJU», meaning Thou art divorced at the
commencement of a year. (Msb.)__It is also

0*0 s ml

tyn. with J ; as in the phrase, ileJI j**$\) [And
command, or to command, belongeth unto Thee,

80

meaning God, as in the Kur xiii. 30, and xzx. 3],
(Mughnee, K,) in a trad, respecting supplication :
(TA:) or, as some say, it is here used in th»

manner first explained above, meaning, is ulti*

' ' ' *
mately referrible to Thee : and they say, j*»J

iUI i»T, meaning, I tell the praise of God unto

thee : (Mughnee :) [but see another rendering of

this last phrase above :] you say also, AJI -iMi

That i* committed to thee, or to thy arbitration.

(Har p. 329.) It also occurs as tyn. with ^s. ;

as in the saying in the Kur [xvii. 4], ^1 U~o*j
JeSl^l ^ [And we decreed against the children
of Israel] : (Msb :) or this means and we revealed
to the children of Israel (Bd, Jel) decitively.
(Bd.)_It is also syn. with ^*; (M, Mughnee,
K ;) as in the saying [in the Kur iv. 89 and vi. 12],
i-otill j>y„ ^J\ jJSm^tp) [He will assuredly col-
lect you together on the day of returrection] :
(K :) thus it may be used in this instance accord,
to Ibn-M&lik : (Mughnee :) and it is said to be
so used in the saying [of En-Nabighah, (M,
TA,)]

JS± ^yw jjjiva !ju

[Then do not thou leave me with threatening, a*
though I were, among men, smeared with tar,
being like a mangy camel] ; (M, Mughnee ;) or,
accord, to some, there is an ellipsis and inversion
in this verse ; ,JI being here in dependence
upon a word suppressed, and the meaning being,
smeared with pitch, [like a camel,] yet being
united to men : or, accord, to Ibn-'Osfoor, ^JJ*-*
is here considered as made to import the meaning
of rendered hate fid, or odious ; for he says that if
. Jl were correctly used in the sense of J, it
it would be allowable to say, iiyJI ^Jl jyj:
(Mughnee :) [or the meaning may be, a* though
I were, compared to men, a mangy camel, smeared
with pitch : for] I ' Ab said, after mentioning
'Alee, ^1*\K.\ J, £lji)l£> *JU ^Jl ^J*, mean-
ing My knowledge compared to his knowledge i*
like the Sjlji [or small pool of water left by a
torrent] placed by the tide of the middle of the
tea [or the main deep]. (K in art. j**\ m S .) It is

also [said to be] used in the sense of J in the

a - . • f » » » • -
saying in the Kur [lxxix. 18], ^^jS O' t_s" *• J*

[Wilt thou purify thyself from infidelity?] be-
cause it imports the meaning of invitation. (TA.)
__It is also used [in a manner contr. to its
primitive application, i. e.,] to denote beginning,
[or origination,] being syn. with v >* ; as in the
saying [of a poet],

'.*•' J . » 0* *00 J §0

yy jy£i\i c-ju jjj jyo

* - • * J »-* is ' *•# fef ■> >t

[She tay; (namely my camel,) when I have
raited the toddle upon her, Will Ibn-Ahmar be
supplied with drink and not satisfy kit thirst
from me ? i. e., will he never be satisfied with
drawing forth my sweat?]. (Mughnee, K.) _ It
is also used as a corroborative, and is thus [syn-
tactically] redundant ; as in the saying in the Kur
[xiv. 40],^»l ^3 ^.iSl Jh US? J^.U, with
fet-fc to the _$ [in \JyJ], (Mughnee, K,) accord.

86

_. .__ . , •# -•*

to one reading, (Mughnee,) meaning j^Ayfi [i. e.

And make Thou hearts of men to love them] :
($ :) so says Fr : but some explain it by saying
that i£>*3 imports the meaning of J*^ ; or that
it is originally i£>*3, with kesr, the kesreh being
changed to a fet-hah, and the ye to an alif, as
when one says L&j for ^-oj, and »L»U for a~o\j :
so says Ibn-Malik ; but this requires considera-
tion ; for it is a condition in such cases that the
j_£ in the original form must be movent. (Mugh-
nee.) [See art. «^yk.] iQl J^JJi, occurring

in a trad., [is cllip'ical, and] means O Ood, I com-
plain unto Thee: or take Thou me unto Thee.
(TA.) — And -tUI^ .ili* 1 means I am of thee,
and related to thee. (TA.) _ You say also,
«UJJ vr-Jki', meaning Betake, or apply, thyself
to, or occupy thyself with, thine own affair*. (T,
K.*) And similar to this is the phrase used by
El-Aasha, jgi U yjffc. (TA.) And ^'l
[alone is used in a similar manner, elliptically, or
as an imperative verbal noun, and] means Betake,
or apply, yourselves to, or occupy yourselves with,
your own affairs, (j&\ % t>»*Sl,) and retire ye,
or withdraw ye, to a distance, or far away, from
vs. (ISk.) And ^y* 4JUI means Hold, or re-
frain, thou from me : (T, £ :) or remove, with-
draw, or retire, thou to a distance from me : iJUt
used in this sense is an imperative verbal noun.
(Har p. 008.) 8b says, (M,) or Akh, (Har ubi
supra,) I heard an Arub of the desert, on its being
said to him oJUt , reply, .Jl ; as though it were
said to him Remove, withdraw, or retire, thou to
a distance, and he replied, / will remove, &c.
(M.) Aboo-Fir'own says, satirizing a Nabathacan
woman of whom he asked for water to drink,

* Ivj oJIS ,"0l ^~&> li} *

[When thou skalt demand water, she will say,
Retire thou to a distance] ; meaning, [by Uy,
i. e. jAJ with an adjunct alif for the sake of
the rhyme,] oJUl, in the sense last explained
above. (M.)__One also says, lj^» «iJUI, mean-
ing, Take thou such a thing. (T, K.) __ When
,_JI is immediately followed by the interrogative
U, both together are written >"9t [meaning, To
what? whither? and till, or until, what time,
or when ? i. e. how long ?] ; and in like manner
one writes J& for K»^a, (S* and £ voce U,)
and >>L»- for U <r^> (8 voce >£»-■}

»yi and »yi and syi : see <Ql.

2 f

^jJI One who swears much ; who utters many
oaths : (I Aar, T, K :) mentioned in the K in
ait. ^1 , but the present is its proper art (TA.)

iell [A falling short ; or a falling short of

what is requisite, or what one ought to do ; or

a flagging, or remissness ; and slowness, or tardi-

*t ... * •*
ness :] a subst. from *^l as signifying j-a» and

U^l. (M.) Hence the prov., (M,) **i ilk- S"
tit *

«J1, i. e. If I be not in favour, and high estima-
tion, I will not cease seeking, and labouring,
and wearying myself, to become so : (M, 1$. :•)
or if thou fail of good fortune in that which
tkou seekest, fall not short, or Hag not, or be

not remiss, in showing love, or affection, to men;
may-be thou wilt attain somewhat of that which
thou wishest: originally relating to a woman
who becomes displeasing to her husband : (S in
art. ^t» - :) it is one of the proverbs of women :
one says, if I be not in favour, and high estima-
tion, with my husband, I will not fall short, or
flag, or be remiss, in that which may render me
so, by betaking myself to that which he loveth :
(T and TA in art. jJ»W :) Meyd says that the
two nouns are in the accus. case because the
implied meaning is iJI ^a\ ^j iJi*. ^£>l *Jt ;

the latter noun being [accord, to him] for ♦ 3ji\,
for which it may be put for the sake of conformity
[with the former] ; and the former having the
signification of the pass. part. n. of kit or
that of the part. n. of ijks* [or r l u r- ] (Har
p. 78.) = An oath ; (T, S, M, Mgh, K ;) as also
tQf (M t £) and *syi (T,S,M,BL) and 1$
and t l'J\ : (S, M, $ : [in the CK, ai& I %)U
is erroneously put for ULU »y^l_j :]) it is [origi-
nally i^JI,] of the measure iL*i : (S :) pi. C^l.
(S, Mgh.) A poet says, (namely, Kutheiyir, TA,)

• «L^J JiiU. b/$t XlS •

m it

ctji W

o\>

[A person of few oaths, who keeps his oath from
being uttered on ordinary or mean occasions;
but if the oath has proceeded from him at any
former time, or hastily, it proves true] : (S,TA :)
or, as IKh relates it, ,^l J^tf ; meaning, he

**7*t »^"}M J*U ; the ^j being suppressed :
see 4. (TA.)

at

t«JI : see the latter part of the paragraph next

preceding.

Jl Falling short ; or falling short of what

is requisite, or what one ought to do; or flagging,

or remiss: [and slow, or tardy: &c. : see 1:]

fem. with 5 : and pi. of this latter Jljt. (S, TA.)

•si ' ",„

See l(li, used, accord, to Meyd, for £J1. „

Niggardly, penurious, or avaricious; impotent
to fulfil duties or obligations, or to pay debts.
(Har p. 78.)

»y£» The piece of rag which a woman holds
in wailing, (S, TA,) and with which she makes
signs: (TA :) [it is generally dyed blue, the
colour of mourning ; and the woman sometimes
holds it over her shoulders, and sometimes twirls
it with both hands over her head, or before her
face:] pi. JU: (S, TA :) which also signifies
rags used for the menses. (TA in art. >?£.)

JU« [part. n. of 5]. It is said in a trad.,

L$~*' &^ Oe'^^J J<j> explained as meaning
Woe to those of my people who pronounce sen-
tence against God, saying, Such a one is in
Paradise, and such a one is in the fire [of Hell] :
but see the verb. (TA.)

1. J\, (S, $,) aor. jt, inf. n. Jl, (S,) He
(a man, S) was, or became, large in the i^l,

i and sec also ^jUI.

[Boor I.

q. v. (S, !£.•) = o4>'| <fc c^i ^ : see 1 in

art yi.

• a ,

tj\ : see ^11.

0%

(jll, (so in some copies of the S and in the
M,) accord, to Sb, or <$, (so likewise in the
M, in which it is mentioned in art. ^Jl, [and thus
it is always pronounced,]) or ^J s \ ; (so in several
copies of the S and in the K, in the last division
of each of those works, [and thus it is generally
written ;]) and with the lengthened I, [and this

is the more common form of the word, i. e. ♦ »^t,

as it is always pronounced, or »^l, as it is

generally written, both of which modes of writing

it I find in the M.,] (S, M, £,) of the same

measure as ^(ji, (M,) indecl., with a kesreh

for its termination ; (S ;) [These and those,]

a pi. having no proper sing., (S, K.,) or a noun

denoting a pi., (M,) or its sing, is li for the

masc. and *J for the fern., (S, K,) for it is l>oth

masc. and fern., (S,) and is applied to rational

beings and to irrational things. (M.) [Thus,]

■j ,. ., I »,
(jyl ^5^ **^l jf>, in the Kur xx. 8(5, means

[They arc these, following near after me ; or]

they are near mc, coming near after me. (Jcl,

and Bd says the like.) And in the same, iii. 115,

j£>y?^~i *}} ^y^- 3 *^b' ^ » iVow ye, O ye
these believers, love them, and they love not you.
(Jcl.) — The prticlo (M) U (S,K) used as
an inceptive to give notice of whnt is about to
be said is prefixed to it, [i. c., to the form with
the lengthened I,] (8, M, K,) so that you say,
"t*$y*t [meaning These, like as IJjk moans "this"].
(S, K.) And AZ says that some of the A nibs
say, iJUj5 i%* [These are thy people], (S, M,»)
and " fj£* wotj [I saw these], (M,) with tenween
and kesr (S, M) to the hemzch ; (S ;) and thi<,
say« IJ, is of the dial, of Benoo-'Okeyl. (M.)

_ And the j) of allocution is added to it, so

, ij . -. I

that you say, »&UJjl, [or •!&$£, which is the
u i i • j ~- I < ' 1

same, and ^oCJ^I, or j£f$}\, &cc.,] and J^jt,
* a

(S,!r>,) and 4U*^I, (so in some copies of the S

and in the K,) or iU"^l, (so in some copies of
the S and in the M,) in which the [second] J

is augmentative, (M,) and T J)*)\, with teshdeed,

(K,) [all meaning Those, like as jlj and Jii±

mean " that ;" and hence] Ks says that when

one says Jb^t, the sing, is Jii± ; and when one

. . I ' - - ' . .1

says J^l, the sing, is j)\± ; (S ;) or JU^t [or

'. * i , ' - •

jAJ^jl, each with an augmentative J, like Jii^,

(and this, I doubt not, is the correct statement,)]
is as though it were pi. of «lUi : (M :) but one

docs not say jJb^U, or ibSjjU, (M,) [nor
iU*^i, or the like.] [Thus it is said in the

^ur n. 4, ^ Ol^lj ^^ o- ^jl* ,_,!* jB-jjjl
^ji U»M Those follow a right direction from
tlieir Lord, and those are they who shall prosper.]
And sometimes ^0^1 is applied to irrational

s«.

Book I.]

things, as in the phrase jfify -!&& •*«*" [After
those days]; and in the Kur [xvii. 38], where

it is said, jtffc' J£» J'^lj r°**> J*-" Oj
*$)'£» *i» 0^» [Verily the ears and the eyes
and the heart, all of those sluill be inquired of].

(S.) The dims, are * £il a™l * £" ( s » M )

and • &J>» : (M :) for the formation of the dim.
of a noun of vague application docs not alter
its commencement, but leaves it in its original
state, with fct-h or datum, [as the case may be,]
and the ^ which is the characteristic of the dim.
is inserted in the second place if the word is
one of two letters, [as in the instance of bj, dim.
of li,] and in the third place if it is a word of
three letters. (S.) = J% (as in some copies of
the S and T,) of the same measure as ,J«}I;
(§ ; [wherefore the author of the TA prefers this
mode of writing it, which expresses the manner
in which it is always pronounced ;]) or 'jFfi ;
(ISd, TA ;) or Jj^l ; (so in some copies of the
S and T ;) is likewise a pi. having no proper
sing., [meaning They who, those which, and
simply who, and which,] its sing, being ^JJI ;
(S ;) or is changed from being a noun of indica-
tion so as to have the meaning of ^JJI ; as also

t ,^t ; wherefore they have the lengthened as
well as the shortened alif, and that with the
lengthened alif is made indeel. by terminating
with a kesrelt. (ISd.) A poet says,

^u ji iy Jhii Jy$\ o|i

[And they who are in Et-Taff, of the family
of lldshim, shared their property, one with
another, and so set the example, to the generous,
of the sharing of property]. (T, and S in art.

y*\, where, in one copy, I find J"^l in the place

of Jj^l.) And another poet says,

[And verily they who know thee, of them] : which
shows what has been said above, respecting the
change of meaning. (ISd.) Ziydd El-Aajam
uses the former of the two words without JI,
saying,

• ^U, j^t s,< n- ft IJuAj jUxi •

[For ye are they who came with the herbs, or
leguminous plants, and the young locusts, and
they have gone away, while tliese, yourselves,
are not going away] : (T :) he means that their
nobility is recent. (Ham p. 078 ; where, instead

of^^LiU and J»l, we find ^i\^ and *p.) — In

the phrase Jj^l Vj*"* ( M in tnc L > and in
some copies of the S and K,) or J"}}l, (as also
in the L, and in other copies of the S and K,
[and thus it is always pronounced,]) Jj^t or
J^l may also signify ,>: JJI, the verb lyLL
being suppressed after it, because understood ;
[so that the meaning is, The Arabs who liave
■preceded, or passed away;] so says Ibn-£sh-

U»

87

Shejeree : (L :) or it is formed by transposition I portion of flesh in (J [app. a mistranscription
from J&, being pi. of jj\ [fern, of ft like | for i* from]) the little finger to the prominent

extremity of the ulna next that finger, at the

a »
wrist : (TA :) or the portion of flesh in the Sj-o

as 'jL\ is pi. of jmA : and it is thus in the phrase,

jy^i 4»j»" •s-JS or \jw { The fi rsi Arah '"

have passed away]. (S, K.) 'Obeyd Ibn-El-
Abras uses the phrase, J*>)l O*-' [as meaning
We are the first]. (TA.)

■ and see also art. <j\.

Jl: see JI.

Jl:seejl:

Jl (T, S, M, K) and * JI, (S, M, K,) the
latter said by Zekcrceya to be the most common,
and the same is implied in the S, but MF says
that this is not known, (TA,) and *^M, (T,) or
t jjl, (Es-Scmeen, K,) like *£*, (Es-Semeen,
TA,) [belonging to art. J\,] and * JI (T, M, K)
and * JI (M,K) and t J| (Es-Sakh&wec, Zekc-
rceya, T A) and ▼ Jl, (the same,) or •$!, occur-
ring at the end of a verse, but it may be a
contraction of ^1 , meaning I>y6, (M,) A benefit,
benefaction, favour, boon, or blessing : pi. »^t.
(T, S, M, K, &c.) IAmb says that JI and JI
are originally ^ and Sb- (TA.)

^ jy >^U

<Ul The buttock, or buttocks, rump, or poste-
riors, syn. ij-^-ft, (K,) or [more properly] ja~z,
(M,) of a man &c, (M,) or of a sheep or goat,
(Ltli, T, S,) and of a man, (Lth, T,) or of a ewe :
(ISk, T :) or the flesh and fat thereon : (M, K :)
you should not say t i^JI , (T, S, K,) a form men-
tioned by the expositors of the Fs, but said to be
vulgar and low ; (TA ;) nor £}, (T, S, K,) witli
kesr to the J, and with tcshdecd to the ^, as in
the S, [but in a copy of the S, and in one of the
T, written without tcshdecd,] a form asserted to
be correct by some, but it is rarer and lower than
aJI , though it is the form commonly obtaining

with the vulgar : (TA :) the dual, is t ^Q* |, ( AZ,

'-* -
T, S,) without O ; (S ;) but O^ 1 sometimes

•„»t i -»
occurs : (IB :) ^^^l ^^1 is an epithet applied

to the Zcnjcc, (K in art. ^ei,) meaning having the
buttocks cleaving together : (TA in that art. :) the

pi. is OUI (T,M,K) and C-^l; (M, K.;) the
latter anomalous. (M.) Lh mentions the phrase,

oUt _j JiJ ajt [ Verily he has large buttoclis] ; as
though die term &JI applied to every part of what
is thus called. (M.) __ Fat, as a subst. : (M :)
and a piece of fat. (M, K.) — The tail, or fat
of the tail, (Pcrs. «tL f ) of a sheep. (KL.) [Both
of these significations (tlie " tail," and " fat of the
tail," of a sheep) are now commonly given to
U, a corruption of <UI mentioned above : and in
the K, voce jy~J«, it is said that the Pers. e^j <lJ^

signifies J^aJI <UI.] — JUJI <Ul The muscle of

a t »*
the shank; syn. JLJI 5l»»- [which see, in art.

y*.]. (AAF,M^I|:.)_>V^li^l' The portion

of flesh that is at the root oft/te thumb ; (S, M ;)

a *
and which is also called its *j-b; (M ;) or the

part to which corresponds the ij-o; (S;) and

*' t'ti a *

which is also called «_aUl <UI ; the ij-b being the

of the thumb. (^.) — j -A-m. I I iJI The portion
of flesh that is beneath the little fnper; [app.
what is described above, as called the Sj*o, extend-
ing from that finger to the prominent extremity
of the ulna, at 'he wrist ;] also called jJI i^\.

(Lth,T.) u&JI Vyi The ajl of the thumb

[described above as also cnlietl oy itself >j£i\ i^\]
and the »^> of the little fngcr [respecting which
see the next preceding sentence]. (TA, from a
trad.)_>»juUI ijjl The part of the human foot
upon which one treads, which is the portion of
flesh beneath [or next to] the little toe. (M.)_
ji\Li\ i^JI The hinder part of the solid hoof.
(S,M.)

&JI : see Ut.

■»

^yi : see oW" •

^yt an irreg. dual of iJI, q. v.

jUI (T, S, M, $) and t jyt (M, K) and

* jT, (T, S, ^,) of the measure Jail, (S,) and

t JI, (M,) or t JI, (so in some copies of the £,

and so accord, to the TA,) or ▼ JI, (so in a copy

a t
of the ]£,) or • JI, (accord, to the CK,) and

* JI, (M, K,) applied to a ram, Large in the aJ\,
q. v. : (T,» S, M,» K* TA :) and so, applied to a
ewe, fcy'l, (T, M,I^, [in the C%. aiui,]) fem. of
Oyi; (T;) and *&$, (T, S, M, ^,) fem. of
JI : (T, S :) and in like manner these epithets
[masc. and fem. respectively, JI, however, being
omitted in the M,] are applied to a man and to
a woman ; (M, K ;) or, accord, to Aboo-Is-hak,
(M,) JI is applied to a man, and t\j»** to a
woman, but not Ayf, (S, M,) though [it is asserted
that] some say this, (S,) Yz saying so, accord, to
A 'Obeyd, (IB,) but A 'Obeyd has erred in this

matter: (M :) the pi. is JI, (T, S, M, £, [in
the CK erroneously written with fet-h to the I,])
pi. of JT, (T,S, M,) or of jT; of the former
because an epithet of this kind is generally of the
measure J«»l, or of the latter after the manner of
jJJ as pi. of JjW, and }y* as pi. of jJ»U ; (M ;)
applied to rams (T, S, M) and to ewes, (T, S,)
and to men and to women ; (M, K ;) and oOUl,
(S, M, K, [in the CK oUyi,]) pi. of iiQl,
(TA,) [but] applied to rams (S) [as well as ewes],
or to women, (M, K,) and, also applied to women,
!^l , (M, and so in a copy of the K, [in the CK
.•^1,]) or J*^l, (so in some copies of the K, and in
the TA,) with medd, pi. of jl, (TA,) and ^1,
(K,) pi. of oy?. (TA.)

«Sl and ;%* and ?$$* and ;%l : see Jl.

. Jl, mentioned in this art. in the K : see art.
y I : = and see also jUI.

U I and «Ut and ;UJ* : see Jl.

88

fjl A man who sells fat, which it termed i$)l.
(M.)

&$i see^M.

. I aeeAtff.
/, J

jj)1, and iU fem. fljt : see ^yi, in two places.

1. i2f, (T, 8, M, &c.,) aor '-, (T, M, Msb,)

inf. n. jA, (T,S, If, Msb,) He tended, repaired,
betook himself, or directed hit course, to, or to-
wards, him, or it; aimed at, sought, endeavoured
after, pursued, or endeavoured to reach or attain
or obtain, him, or ft ; intended it, or purposed it ;
syn. ;j*ai, (Lth, T, 8, M, Mgh, Msb, £,) and
.1*^5, (T,) and •j£3, (Mgh,) and «yj 2^3 ;
(TA ;) as also t JLU«, and * *\^U, (T, 8, M,
Mgh, Msb, £,) and *<&», (M, If,) and ♦ i^,
(T,M,£,) and t^'j (T, M, Mgh, ? ;) the
last two being formed by substitution [of^ for \].
(M.) Hence, £Lt tul 'lb\ \t [O God, bring us
good]. (JK in art.' «M, and Bd in iii. 26.) And
yA U jf), occurring in a trad., meaning He has
indeed betaken himself to, or pursued, the right
way : or it is used in a pass, sense, as meaning
he it in the way which ought to be pursued. (TA.)
And eb\ J^Lj t^atjl c J ttkft, in another trad.,
I went away, betaking myself to the Apostle of
God. (TA.) Hence, also, r&i .« r n't t^j
[He betook kimtelfto dust, or pure dust, to wipe
his face and his hands and arms therewith, for
}>rayer]: (T,» M,» Mgh, TA :) as in the Kur
iv. 46 and y. 0: (ISk,M,TA:) whence^!))
as meaning the wiping the face and the hands and
arms with dust; (I8k, T,« M,« Meh, TA;) i. e.
the performing the act termed \*yi with dust :
formed by substitution [of yj for!]: (M, K :)
originally ^>*h\. (K.) _ See also 8. _ £\, (g,
M, Mgh, &c.,) aor. < , (M, Mgh,) inf. n. % (M,
M 8 n » ?») He broke kit head, so as to cleave the
skin, (8, Mfb,) inflicting a wound suck as is
termed U\ [q. v.]; (8;) [i. e.] he struck, (M,
Mgh.K,) orwounded, (M,K,)the>t fq. v.] f
kis head, (M, Mgh, K,) with a staff, or stick.
(Mgh.) —J# AH K) and ^ % (M, *,)
[aor. i ,] inf. n. iiui , (8, [but in the M and K
it seems to be indicated that this is a simple
subst,]) He preceded them ; went before them ;
took precedence of them; or led them, so as to
serve as an example, or object of imitation; syn.
>n-^* i3 » (M, K ;) [and particularlyl rj*e}\ ^
[in prayer]. (8.) And i.1 and <y Jl He prayed
«>Uj[q. v.]»ftAAm. (Msb.) And Jjjlitl Jl
-H# Awam* [or acted as] >UJ to <A« people com-
posing the ranks [in a mosque Sec.]. (Har p. 680 )
You say also, *hU- ^ j^> J# J£ .j [A
man shall not take precedence of a man in kit
authority] ; meaning, in his house, and where he
has predominance, or superior power, or authority;
nor shall he sit upon his cushion ; for in doing so

he would show him contempt. (Mgh in art. kJU.)
■■Cm!, (8, M,K,) [first pers. C*Uf,] aor. i ,
(M,) inf. n. ai^l, (M, K,) She (a woman, S)
became a mother ; (8, M, If ;) [as also C^l
haying for its first pers. C~*«l, aor. : ; for] you

* f •.;. it .,

•a.v, C*«-l J*A) Ul cA U [7%<w wast not a
mother, and thou hast become a mother], (S, M,
If, [in the last C-i*(*,]) with kesr, (if,) inf. n.

■*•*»• (8, M, If.) _ 4^*1 7 n><M to him a mo-
ther. (A in art. v**jO LAar, speaking of a
woman, said, y»p i** y> oJl£», meaning [She
had, lit. there was to her, a paternal aunt] who
wot to her like the mother. (M.)

2. «^«| and

places.

see 1, fi.-st sentence, in two

«• **• -^< agreed with it, neither exceeding nor
falling thort. (M.) — [See also the part. n.

>!>«•, voce ^ I ; whence it seems that there are
other senses in which >T may be used, intransi-
tively.]

fi-^*wandj^j
places. ■■ «j ^13

: see 1, former part, in four
see 8.mC«4I! 7 took for
myself, or adopted, a mother. (S.) And l^U
7f« /oo* her for himself, or adopted her, as a
mother; (S,» M, $ ;) as also t l^Ll, (M, ^,)
andli^. (M.)

8. A^il [written with the disjunctive alif
***l] : see 1, first sentence. « <v ^^51 jy« y /-
foiMrf Am example ; he imitated him ; he did as
he did, following his example ; or taking him as
an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object
of imitation; (S, Mgh, Msb ;) as also * <ul : (Bd
in xvi. 121 :) the object of the verb is termed

f f

>^*J » (?, M, Mgh, Mfb, £ ;) applied to a learned

man, (Msb,) or a head, chief, or leader, or some

•I
other person. (M, $.) He made it an 3U\ or ill

[i. e. a way, course, or rule, of life or conduct*
as explained immediately before in the work
whence this is taken] ; as also aj *^U. (M.)
You say, j^ijyjiil and ^ ^^31*, by substitu-
tion [of^for>], (M,K,) disapproving of the
doubling [of the >]. (M.)

10 : see 5.

>l is a conjunction, (8, M, £,) connected with
what precedes it (Msb, Mughnee) so that neither
what precedes it nor what follows it is inde-
pendent, the one of the other. (Mughnee.) It
denotes interrogation ; (M, If ;) or is used in a
case of interrogation, (S, Msb,) corresponding to
the interrogative I, and meaning /<!, (S,) or, as
Z says, ^>>l& O0**W jjl ; [for an explanation of
which, see what follows;] (Mughnee;) or, [in
other words,] corresponding to the interrogative I,
whereby, and by jS; one seeks, or desires, parti-
cularization : (Mughnee :) it is as though it were
an interrogative after an interrogative. (Lth, T.)
Thus you say, j^i. J>\ j\ jjl ^ X>)\ [Is Zeyd in
the house, or 'Amr?] ; (S, Mughnee ;) i. e. which

of them two (C^l) is in the house? (8;) there-
fore what follows j>\ and what precedes it compose

[Book I.

one sentence ; and it is not used in commanding
nor in forbidding ; and what follows it must cor-
respond to what precedes it in the quality of noun
and of verb; so that you say, J*U.>l'j5U Jljjl

[/* Zeyd standing, or sitting?] and>l j^j>Ut
J«l [Did Zeyd stand, or sit ?]. (Msb.) It is not
to be coupled with I after it: you may not soy,

yj+z j)jj*\ jt\ j^ JjUftl. (8.) As connected

in like manner with what goes before, it is pre-
ceded by 1 denoting equality [by occurring after
Wy &c], and corresponds thereto, as in [the £ur
Ixm. 6,] jj jAjU-3 jJ j>\ jJ 0>*i-l ^JLe l\^
[It will be equal to them whether thou beg forgive-
ness for them or do not beg forgiveness for them].
(Mughnee.) __ It is also unconnected with what
precedes it, (S, Msb, Mughnee,) implying always
digression, (Mughnee,) preceded by an enuncia-
tive, or an interrogative, (S, Msb, Mughnee,)
other than I, (Mughnee,) or by I not meant
[really] as an interrogative but to denote disap-
proval, (Mughnee,) and signifies J^, (Lth, Zj,
T, 8, M, Mughnee, $,) or J^ and I together,
(Msb,) and this is its meaning alwnys accord,
to all the Basrccs, but the Koofces deny this.
(Mughnee.) Thus, using it after an cnunciative,
you sny, :ti, Ji\ J,*j l^j [Verily they are camels:
nay, or nay but, they are sheep, or goats : or nay,
are they sheep, or goatsl] : (S, Msb, Mughnee :)
this being said when one looks at a bodily form,
and imagines it to be a number of cnmels, and
says what first occurs to him ; then the opinion
that it is a number of sheep or goats suggests
•tself to him, and he turns from the first iden, and
says, IU. >t, meaning jy, because it is a digression
from what precedes it ; though wlmt follows Jy
is [properly] a thing known certainly, and what
follows jA is opined. (S, TA.) And using it after
an interrogative in this case, you suy, jal Ja
.}>»*>l tJiiu* [It Zeyd going away? Nay
rather, or, or rather, it 'Amr?]: you digress from
the question respecting Zeyd's going away, and
make the question to relate to 'Amr; so that >t
implies indecisive opinion, and interrogation, and
digression. (S.) And thus using it, you say, jl^j ji
>>** >•■>!* [Did Zeyd stand? Nay rather, or
or rather, did 'Amr?]. (Msb.) And an ex. of
the same is the saying [in the Kur xiii. 17],

','lP.T '*■ *.' »l • »•■*' -•»•- -♦- ».

w.UAk)1 yS!f~t JA>.I ^s-Jlj ^^^^1 iJyL-i JM
> &+*

jyi\) [Are the blind and the seeing equal? Or
rather are darkness and light equal?]. (Mughnee.)
And an ex. of it preceded by 1 used to denote
disapproval is the saying [in the £ur ▼»• 194],

V/ dir^H *1 j*) >' K* 0>^! J^-jl W [Have
they feet, to walk tlierewith? Or have they hands
to assault therewith ?] : for I is here equivalent to
a negation. (Mughnee.) [It has been shown
above that] jA is sometimes introduced imme-
diately before Ji : (8, £ :) but IB says that this
is when J* occurs in a phrase next before it ; [as
in the ex. from the Kur xiii. 17, cited above ;]
and in this case, the interrogative meaning of jt\
is annulled; it being introduced only to denote a
digression. (TA.) _ It is also used as a simple
interrogative ; accord, to the assertion of AO; in

Book I.]

the sense of Jm ; (Mughnce ;) or in the sense of
the interrogative I ; (Lth, T, $ ;) as in the saying,

••'""' 1'* •' -wr

j-iU. !1«v£ JjU» jA, meaning Hast thou a morn-
ing-meal ready ? a good form of speech used by
the Arabs; (Lth, T;) and allowable when pre-
ceded by another phrase. (T.) — And sometimes
it is redundant ; (AZ, T, S, Mughnec, K;) in the
dial, of the people of El- Yemen ; (T ;) as in the
saying,

mm.0 9 * * 4 * *fs*'

Ui>J J^» o& ^ J*

(T, S,* [in the latter, jm* V., and only the former

hemistich is given,]) meaning Dahna, (the

curtailed form ^j being used for «U*j,) my

walking was not, as now in my age, [a feeble

movement like] dancing : but in my youth, my

manner of walking used to be a bounding : (T :)

this is accord, to the opinion of AZ : but accord.

to another opinion, jA is here [virtually] conjoined

with a preceding clause which is suppressed ; os

% * * - s # • * *
though the speaker had said, ^je^-* O 1 ^ 3 ' i>*> V.

iUJi»0^> U>l Uxij. (A 'Hut, TA.) ■■ It is

also used (T, Mughnce) in the dial, of the people

of El-Yemen, (T,) or of T e >yi and Himyer,

(Mughnec,) in the sense of Jl, (T,) to render a

noun determinate. (Mughnec.) So in the trad.,

js\^Aj> >Cfif J*If ^ J4>, (T, Mughnee,)

i. e. >LJI ^j* jA^si\ j-i\ O* J-J [Fasting in
journeying is not an act of obedience to God].
(T, and M in art. jf.) So too in the trad., &)\
tJpfct? «^>U* JVo»» fighting has become lawful ;
as related accord, to the dial, of Himyer, for
Vj-aJI. (TA in art ^-el».) It has been said that
this form jA is only used in those cases in which
die J of the article docs not become incorporated
into the first letter of the noun to which it is pre-
fixed ; as in the phrase, ^jSy»\ ysfcjlj f-v" J***
[77iAe //ioh ?Ae spear, and mount the mare, or
horse], related as heard in El- Yemen ; but this
usage may be peculiar to some of the people of
that country ; not common to all of them ; as
appears from what we have cited above. (Mugh-
nce.) ■■>( for Ul, before an oath: sec art. Ul.

i -# *t \* »t <■* > j*t .

s-m And t3i\ jA and atil >l &c. : sec di\ <J+A, in

art ^>*.

>l A morAcr (T, 8, M, Msb, £, &e.) [of a
human being and] of any animal ; (I Aar, T ;)
as also *Jj, (Sb,M,Msb,$>) and 1 2ui, (T,
M,Msb,^,) and *VI, (S, M, Msb, $,) which
last is the original form (8, Msb) accord, to

some, (Msb,) or the » in this is augmentative (M,

• -si
Msb) accord, to others : (Msb :) the pi. is Ol^l

(Lth, T, 8, M, M|b, $) and oUl ; (8, M, Msb,
K ;) or the former is applied to human beings,
and the latter to beasts ; (T, S ;) or the former to
rational beings, and the latter to irrational ; (M,
K;) or the former is much applied to human
beings, and the latter to others, for the sake
of distinction ; (Msb ;) but the reverse is some-
times the case : (IB :) I Drst and others hold
the latter to be of weak authority : (TA :) the

dim. of jA is ▼ <Ue*t (T, S, K) accord, to some
Bk. I.

of the Arabs; but correctly, [accord, to those
who hold the original form of jt\ to be 2^*1,]
it is t 3^1. (Lth, T, TA. [In a copy of the
T, I find this latter form of the dim. written
aye*!.])—.^^^ denotes dispraise; (S;) being
used by the Arabs as meaning Thou hast no
free, or ingenuous, mother; because the sons
of female slaves are objects of dispraise with the
Aralis ; and is only said in anger and reviling :
(AHeyth, T :) or, as some say, it means thou
art one who has been picked up as a foundling,
having no known mother : (TA :) [or] it is also
sometimes used in praise; (A 'Obeyd, T, S, J£. ;)
and is used as an imprecation without the desire
of its being fulfilled upon the person addressed,
being said in vehemence of love, [lit. meaning

mayest thou have no mother!], like JJUI j\mj,
and jti $ % [and 'Jb\ JU3li,] &c. (Har p. 165.)

Some elide the I of >1 ; as in the saying of

'Adee Ibn-Zeyd,

• . i • j * '-*

[0 thou who art blaming in my presence the

*. al »

mother of Zeyd] ; meaning, j^j >l i_£ j-it ; the

l£ of i£ju« being also elided on account of the

occurrence of two quiescent letters [after the

<4 <

elision of the 1 of >l] : (Lth, T, S :) and as in
-if -i • • '

the phrase a*1; 1, (S,) which means 4^*9 J^^.

(S, and ? in art. Jt), q. v.) — iJUl U* means

They two are thy two parents: or thy mother

$sl j a.
and thy maternal aunt. (£.) [But] 4**y ♦'•*»

is said to mean [//• exjrresscd a wish that he

(another) might be ransomed with] his mother

and hit grandmother. (TA.)__One says also,

k JUsi "j ▼ c-Jt Vi [0 my mother, do not thou
such a thing], and [in like manner] Jj6I wyl b ;
making the sign of the fem. gender a substitute
for the [pronominal] affix j_jj and in a case

ytl

of pause, you say <ul h. (S.)_ And one says,
'jS\ } ^ U, and Ikij ^jJii U, meaning [What
relationship have I to him, or ft? or what concern
have I with him, or it ? or] what is my case
and [what is] Am or its, case ? because of his,
or its, remoteness from me : whence, (T,)
s, . , 41, »l , ,.
* ^^ *

^£\ jJkU J, yU

[And what concern have I with the wild animals
when hoariness hath spread in the places where
my hair parts ?] ; (T, S ;) i. e. 4-U»3 01 U
ZtjJL U j*t J^\ [i. e. J—J\ 4»U»J (JJ- 1 u :

in one copy of the 8, > r JLi»j, 1. e. with y as a
prep, denoting concomitance, and therefore go-
verning the accus. case : both readings virtually
meaning what concern have I with the pursuing
of the wild animals after J have grown old ?] :
he means, the girls: and the mention of jS in

'■■■■■: * U

the verse is superfluous. (S.)_>l also relates

to inanimate things that have growth ; as in

., « U ,»a il

*/>tfJj\ j.\ [The mother of the tree] ; and AWJI >t

[the mother of the palm-tree] ; and »jyj\ >l [the

89

mother of the banana-tree ; of which see an ex.
in art j y] ; and the like. (M, TA.) — And
it signifies also The source, origin, foundation,
or basis, (S, M, Msb, $,) of a thing, (8, Ms b,
[in the former of which, this is die first of the
meanings assigned to the word,]) or of anything ;
(M, K ;) its stay, support, or efficient cause of
subsistence. (M, J£.) — Anything to which other
things are collected together, or adjoined: (IDrd,
M, K :) anything to which the other things that
are next thereto are collected together, or adjoined:
(Lth, T :) the main, or chief, part of a thing ;
the main body thereof: and that which is a com-
priser, or comprehender, of [other] things : (Ham
p. 44 :) the place of collection, comprisal, or com-
prehension, of a thing ; the place of combination

thereof. (En-Nadr, T.) And hence, (IDrd,

M,) The head, or chief, of a people, or company
of men ; (IDrd, 8, M, $ ;) because others collect
themselves together to him : (IDrd, TA :) so
in the phrase Jl«fc>t [lit the mother of a house-
hold], in a poem of Esh-Shenfara : (IDrd, M :)
or in this instance, it has the signification next
following, accord, to Esh-Shafi'ee. (T.) — A
man who has the charge of the food and service
of a people, or company of men ; accord, to Esh-
Shafi'ee : (T :) or their jertxint (#.) — A
man's aged wife. (I Aar, T, $.) — A place of
habitation or abode. ($.) 80 in the l£ur [ci. 0],

«bjU <uU Misplace of habitation or abode [shall

be] the fire [of Hell] : (Bd, Jel, TA :) or, as

*. t- u

some say, the meaning is \£ <0 jU 4-,\ i >l [his

brain shall fall into it, namely, the fire of Hell].

(TA.) — The ensign, or standard, which an army

il «
follows. (S.) [See ^-.jJl >1, below.] — It is said
Vt - , tti *>i ~al

in a trad., respecting the prophets, ^j£> ^31^*1,

meaning that, though their religion is one, fArir
laws, or ordinances, or statutes, are various, or
different: or the meaning is, <Ati> times are
various, or different. (TA in art. Ow.) _ See

• si -'

also 3u\, in two places. —jA is also prefixed to

nouns significant of many things. (M.) [Most

of the compounds thus formed will be found

explained in the arts, to which belong the nouns

that occupy the second place. The following are

among the more common, and are therefore here

mentioned, with the meanings assigned to them

in lexicons in the present art., and arranged in

• a tl -

distinct classes.] __ Jsj^n >l The mans wife;

and the person who manages the affairs of his

house or tent. (TA.) And ^jJI ij'yJt j>\ The
man's wife, to whom he betakes himself for lodgituj,
or abode: (T:) the mistress of the man's place

of abode, (p.)-^^ The hyena, or

female hyena ; as also jj^** >l ; (TA ;) and

a il

JJj/iJI j>\. (S,TA. [See also other significations

^*^ i aj .n

of the first and last below.]) ^JU-^.1 [or,^J*JI >l
(as in the 8 and $ in art u-U-)] The she-ass.
(TA.) cja^ll j\ The female ostrich, (8, £•)

— .yritjlt jt\ The brain : (T, M, K :) or the thin
shin that is upon it : (IDrd, M, $ :) or The bag
in which is the brain: (T :) or the shin that
comprises the brain; [the meninx, or dura mater
and pia mater ;] (S, Mgh ;) which is called

12

00

£U*>I>.I (S,Msb) likewise. (S.) j^iJi\ >l

The Milky way ; (S, M, K ;) because it is the
place where the stars are collected together [in
great multitude] : (M :) or, as some say, the sun ;
which is the greatest of the stars. (Ham pp. 43
and 44.) Because of the multitude of the stars

in the Milky way, one says, jAf ll..[^ '» *lil U

>»jfc-JI l[J£ow like is thine assembly to the Milky

way!]. (TA.) — \j'j»l\ j>\ [The mother of the
towns; the metropolis: particularly] Mehheh;
(T, S, M, K ;) because asserted to be in the
middle of the earth ; (M, K ;) or because it
is the Kiblch of all men, and thither they repair;
(M, K ;*) or because it is the greatest of towns

in dignity : (M, K :) and every city is the>t of
the towns around it. (T.) oiSLllI J>l The most
difficult of deserts or of waterless deserts : (T :)
or a desert, or waterless desert, (S, K>) far ex-
tending. (S.) J^WI jl (T, S, M) and t £SS
Jh^ljl (M, K) The main part [or track] of the
road : (T, S, M, K. :) when it is a great road
or track, with small roads or tracks around it
[or on either side], the greatest is so called. (T.
[The former has also another signification, men-
tioned alwvc.]) ^*U >l The cemetery, or place
of graves. (T. [This, also, has another sitmifica-
tion, mentioned before.]) £-*pl>l The ensign,

or standard; (M,K;) also called v^ 1 >' 5

U
(TA ;) [and simply >*n)I, as shown above ;] and

the piece of cloth which u wound upon tlie spear.

(T, M.*) jyUL>»1 Dread: and also the ear of

-.31
torn. (T.) ,£j£jl j,\ [The mother of evil

qualities or dispositions ; i. e.] wine. (T.) J»l
yUjOl [in the ¥.ar iii. 5 and xiii. 39] (S, M, &c.)
The original of the book or scri)>ture [i. c. of the
Kur-dn]: (Zj,M,K:) or the Preserved Tablet,
iy-Ujl pk : (M, Msb, K :) or it signifies,
(M,K,) or signifies also, (Msb,) the opening
chapter of the Kur-dn ; the i-Jli; (M, Msb, £;)
because every prayer begins therewith ; (M ;) as
also o!/* 1 ' >' : (Mf b, K :) or the former, the
w/wle of the Kur-dn, (I 'Ab, K,) from its begin-
ning to its end : (TA :) and the latter, every
plain, or explicit, verse of the Kur-dn, of those
which relate to laws and statutes and obligatory

ordinances. (T, K.) ^iJI JJl Every evil upon

the face of the earth : and j^i\ J»t every good
upon the face of the earth. (T.)

3 £1

>t : see >l, first sentence.

• « t i-

JU1 : see L»\.

• al

i«l A way, course, mode, or manner, of acting,

or conduct, or the like ; (AZ, S ;) as also ▼ ill :
(AZ, S, K :) Pr assigns tliis meaning to the latter,
and that next following to the former : (T :) a
way, course, or rule, of life, or conduct; (Fr, T,
M, K ;) ^as also t ft. ( M , $.) __ Religion ;
as also tilj : (AZ, S, M, K : [one of the words
by which Uiis meaning is expressed in the M and
£ is JU^A ; for which Golius found in the K

**J- '•]) one course, which people follow, in reli-
gion. (T.) You say, ii 'C\ •$ J# Such a one
has no religion; no religious persuasion. (S.)
And a poet says,

[And are one who has religion and one who is

an infidel equal ?]. (S.) _ Obedience [app. to

God]. (T, M, K.)=sThe people of a [particular]

religion : (Akh, S :) a people to whom an apostle

is sent, (M, K,) unbelievers and believers ; such

il
being called his <Ut : (M :) any people called

after a prophet are said to be his ill : (Lth, T :)
the followers of the prophet : pi. ^»\. (T, Msb.)
It is said in the Kur [ii.209], »j*.lj iol J-UI ,jl£>,
meaning Mankind mas [a people] of one religion.
(Zj, T, TA.) _ A nation; a people; a race; a
tribe, distinct body, or family ; (Lth, T, M, K ;)
of mankind; (Lth, T;) or of any living beings;

as also ▼>! : (M, K:) a collective body [of men
or other living beings] ; (T, S ;) a sing, word
with a pi. meaning : (Akli, S :) a kind, geniix, or
generical class, (T, S, M, K,) by itself, (T,)"of
any animals, or living beings, (T, S, M, TA,)
others than the sons of Adam, (T,) as of dogs,
(T, S, M,) and of other beasts, and of birds ; (T,
M,» TA ;) as also * Jl ; (M, K ;) pi. of the

former _^»\; (S, M;) which occurs in a trad, as
relating to dogs; (S;) and in the Kur vi. 38, as

relating to beasts and birds. (T, M,* TA.)

A man's people, community, tribe, kinsfolk, or

party; (M, K,TA;) his company. (TA.) A

generation of men ; or people of one time : pi.

jr** : as in the saying, ^+\ C%A* ji Generations
of men have passed away. (T.)_The creatures

of God. (M, K.) You say, M ill A* cJlJ U
*i* i>~»l [/ have not seen, of the creatures of
God, one more beautiful than he]. (M.) = /. q.
JIUl; (T,M,K;) accord, to A'Obcyd, applied
in this sense to Abraham, in the Kur xvi. 121.
(T.)__A righteous man who is an object of
imitation. (T.) _ One who follows the true
religion, holding, or doing, what is different from,
or contrary to, all other religions : (M, K :) [said
to be] thus applied to Abraham, ubi supra. (M.)
— _ One who is known for goodness : (Fr, T :) and
so explained by Ibn-Mes'ood as applied to Abra-
ham : (T A :) or, so applied, it has the signification
next following : (TA :) a man combining all
kinds of good qualities : (T, M, K or, as some
say, repaired to : or imitated. (Bd.)__ A learned
man : (T, M, K one who has no equal : (T :)
the learned man of his age, or time, who is

singular in his learning : (Msb :) and one who is

it
alone in respect of religion. (T.) = See also jA,

first sentence. Hence, C~*l 1^, which sec in the

same paragraph. = The stature of a man ; tall-
ness, and beauty of stature ; or justness of stature;
syn. LlJ; (T, S, M, Msb, K ;) and ilki : (M,
TA : [in the K, the signification of *>U3 is
assigned to it ; but this is evidently a mistake for
iliw ; for the next three significations before the
former of these words in the K are the same as
the next three before the latter of them in the M ;
and the next five after the former word in the K

[Book I.

are the same as the next five after the latter in the
M, with only this difference, that one of these five
is the first of them in the M and the third of them

in the K0) Pl-^l- (T,S,M.») You say, iil
C*i\ O^LJ, i. c. ^UaJjl [Verily he is beautiful
in justness of stature]. (M.) And El-Aasha
says,

• ^1 Jl^fa »jLj\ oU*.

[Beautiful in respect of the faces,] tall in respect
of the statures. (T, S, M.» [In the last, Jj^

^.>])_The/ace. (T,M,K.)— 4-^1 ill The
form of the face: (AZ, T :) or the principal
part thereof; (M, K ;) the part thereof in which
beauty is usually known to lie. (M.) You say,

• - il • s m * m Si

A».yi i*l ^^-aJ *il Verily lie is beautiful in the
form of the face: and JL'^\ <UI JL.JU aS\ verily
he is ugly in the form of tke face. (AZ, T.)_

p >il &l

^ijiai\ i«l : see >l. = A time ; a period of lime ;

awhile. (T,S, M,K.) So in the Kur [xii. 45],

tm\ jmj j£o*\} [And he remembered, or became

reminded, after a time] : (S, M :) or, after a

long period of time : but some read ▼ i^l , i. e.,

after favour had been shown him, in his escape :

and some read «uot, i. c., forgetting. (Bd.) And

so in the same [xi. 11], ^»ljji)l^* UjjL.1 i ^ > £J£
. f il .
».>)Jul« i«l ^j)l [And verily, if we kept back from

them the punishment] until a short period of time.
(S,»B,I.)

j l t il

iol: sec <UI, in three places; first and second

sentences. _ 7. q. t i«UI (K) [i. c. The office of
>»UI, q. v.: or] the acting as, or performing the
office if, >UJ: (T in explanation of <UI, and M
and Msb in explanation of <UUt :) and the mode,

or manner, of performing that office. (T.) I. q.

i£k (Xh, M, K) and &\i (M, K) and JU. (M)
and ii\m. (M, K) [all as meaning State, condition,
or case : or by the first may lie here meant ex-
ternal state or condition; form, or appearance ;
or state with respect to apparel and the like]. —
An easy and ample state of life; (T;) easiness,
or pleasantness of life ; amplciicss of the conve-
niences of life, or of the means of subsistence ; ease
and enjoyment ; plenty ; prosperity ; welfare.
(IAar, M, K.*) You say of an old man when he
lias strength remaining, iob ^j"^i, meaning Such
a one is returning to a state of well-being and ease
and enjoyment. (TA.) Dominion ; master-
ship; authority. (Fr, T, IKt!-) A blessing,

or what God bestows upon one ; a benefit, bene-
faction, favour, or boon ; a cause of happiness;
(T, S, M, Msb, K ;) as being that which men
aim at, pursue, or endeavour to obtain. (T.) See

1 il

<Ul| last sentence but one. = Accord, to IK{t, it
signifies also i. q. ^1 [but in what sense is not
said]. (TA.)
• .i
j»*\ Nearness. (S, M, K.) [Near; nigh.]

You say >vr il ^ iUi C\i*-I J took that from
near ; from nigh. (S, TA.) And *^\ J&Jlj
Your house is near, or nigh. (M, TA.) And
«Sk« >e«l ^* R~e, or it, is near to thee : and in
like manner you say of two : (M, TA :) and of

Book I.]

01

a pi. number. (S, M, TA.) And *Ai ^1 jj^tj
My house is opposite to, facing, or in front of,
his house. (S.)_2?a*y: (S, M, K:) near at
hand; near to be reached, or laid hold of. (T,

TA.) Between near and distant. (ISk, T, S.)

_ Conforming, or conformable, to the just mean :
(M, K:*) and t jl^, (AA, T, S, M, K,) [in
form] like jUu», (S,) originally jg*\y», (TA,) the
same ; (T ;) of a middle, or middling, hind or
sort ; neither exceeding, nor falling short of, what
is right ; (AA, T, S, M ;) applied to an affair, or
a case, (T, S,) and a thing [of any kind] ; (S ;)

as also * joys ; (T A ;) and convenient, or suitable :
(M, K:) and je*\ and 1jt\y» both signify an
affair, or a case, that is manifest, clear, or plain,
(M, K,) not exceeding the due bounds or limits.
(M.)

>U^1 77ie location that is before ; (M, Msb,»
K ;) ro»*r. of f\j' y \. (M, K.) It is used [abso-
lutely] its a noun, and adverbially, (M, Msb,* K,)
necessarily prefixed to another noun : (Mgh :)
and is Inn., (Ks, M,) and sometimes inasc. : (M,
K :) or it is muse, and sometimes fcm. as meaning
the i^f. : or, as Zj says, they differ as to making
it muse, and making it fern. (Mh1>.) You say,
<uUl t im i m I was before him, in respect of place.
(S.) In the saying of Mohammad, to Usameh,
JUUI »^La)1, the meaning is The time of prayer
[is before tlice], or the place thereof; and by the
prayer is meant the prayer of sunset. (Mgh.)
You also say, JUUI [i. c. Look before thee;
meaning beware thou; or tahc thou note ;] when
you caution another, (M, K,) or notify him, of a
thing. (M.)

>U1 A person, (S, Mgh,) or learned man,
(Msb,) whose example is followed, or who is
imitated ; (S, Mgh, Mfb ;) any exemplar, or
object of imitation, (T, M, K,) to a ]>eo)>le, or
company of men, (T,) such as a head, chief, or
leader, or some other person, (M, K,) whether
they be following the right way or be erring
therefrom : (T :) applied alike to a male and to a
female: (Mgh, Msb:) applied to a female, it
occurs in a phrase in which it is written by some
with S : (Mgh :) but this is said to be a mistake :
(Msb :) it is correctly without e, because it is a
subst., not an epithet: (Mgh, Msb:) or it is
allowable with », because it implies the meaning
of an epithet: (Msb:) and * i*l signifies the
same : (T, M, K :) the pi. of the former is <£jI,
(T, S, M, K, [but omitted in die CK,]) originally
1^*11, (T,S,) of the measure aJbJt, like iJUUl,
pi. of JliU, (T,) but as two mcems come together,
the former is incorporated into the latter, and its
vowel is transferred to the hemzch before it, which
hemzch, being thus pronounced with kesr, is
changed into ^j ; (T, S ;*) or it is thus changed
because difficult to pronounce ; (M ;) or, as Akli
says, because it is with kesr and is preceded by
another hemzeh with fet-h : (S :) but some pro-
nounce it i^M, (Akh, T, 8, M, K,,) namely, those
who hold that two hemzehs may occur together;
(Akh, 8;) the Koofees reading it thus in the
Kur ix. 12 ; (M ;) but this is anomalous : (M,

K :) it is mentioned as on the authority of Aboo-
Is-hak, and [Az says,] I do not say that it is not
allowable, but the former is the preferable : (T :)
or the pi. is a*jI, originally i^*ll, like ilJUl ; one
of the two meems being incorporated into the
other after the transfer of its vowel to the hemzeh
[next before it] ; some of the readers of the Kur
pronouncing the [said] hemzeh with its true
sound ; some softening it, agreeably with analogy,
in the manner termed ^yj j>~> ; and some of the
grammarians changing it into i_£; but some of
them reckon this incorrect, saying that there is no
analogical reason for it : (Msb :) and accord, to
some, (M,) its pi. is also >U1 , (M, K,) like the
sing., (K,) occurring in the l£ur xxv. 74; (M;)
not of the same category as Jj* (M,K) and ,*0j,
(M,) because they sometimes said ,jUUI , but a
broken pi. : (M, K :•) or, accord, to A 'Obeyd,
it is in this instance a sing, denoting a pi. : (M,

§ :*) or it is pi. of jA, [which is originally ^r*\,]

like as ^Im is pi. of ._~»-Lo : (M :) the dim.

ill . «*»*i 9S»A

of A*jI is ' a«jjI ; or, as El-Mazinee says, » i*-jl.

(S.) — >UNI also signifies Tlie Prophet : (K :)

si J *
he is called «u«l >UI [the exemplar, object of

imitation, leader, or head, of his nation, orpeojfo] ;

Si 3

(T;) or io"i)t >>UI [the exemplar, &c., of the na-
tion, or people] ; (M ;) it being incumbent on all
to imitate his rule of life or conduct. (T.)_
The Khaleefeh : (Msb, K :) he is called 4cJ» >^l
[the exemplar, ice., of the people, or subjects].
(M.) The title of>UNl is still applied to the
Kings of El- Yemen : Aboo-Bckr says, you say,
>>«JI >»UJ 0^*> meaning such a one is the first
in authority over the people, or company of men :
and !j ; »t... 1 l veUI means the head, chief, or
leader, of the Muslims. (TA.)_ Tlie person
wlwse example is followed, or who is imitated,
[i. e. the leader,] in prayer. (Msb.) __ [The
leading authority, or head, of a persuasion, or
sect. The four i*jt or SlJj\ are the heads of the
four principal persuasions, or sects, of the Sun-
nees ; namely, the Hanafecs, Shafi'ees, Malikecs,
and Hambclecs. And the Hanafees call the two
chief doctors of their persuasion, after Aboo-
Haneefeh, namely, Aboo-Yoosuf and Mohammad,
ijUUSI Tlie two Imams.] _ The leader of an
army. (M, K.) __ The guide : (K :) he is called

jkli\ JiUl [the leader of tlie travellers]. (M.)

The conductor, or driver, of camels (M, K) is
called J^NI >Ul, though he be behind them,
because he guides them. (M.) ___ The manager,
or conductor, and right disposer, orderer, or
rectifier, of anything. (M, !£•*) __ Tlie Kur-dn
(M, K) is called ^L.JI >U1 [the guide of the
Muslims] ; (M ;) because it is an exemplar.
(TA.) [The model-copy, or standard-copy, of the
Kur-dn, namely the copy of the Khaleefeh 'Oth-
man, is particularly called >»UNI.] _ [Tlie scrip-
ture of any people : and, without the article, a
book, or written record.] It is said in the Kur
[xvii. 73],^^ ^01 ji> ^JJ>JJ The day
when we shall call every one of mankind with
their scripture : or, as some say, with their

prophet and their law : or, as some say, with
their book in which their deeds are recorded. (T.)

It is also. said in the Kur [xxxvi. 11], ;.-£ J^»j
tl>e**>l«! Li s wiyamA. meaning, says El-Hasan,
[And everything have tee recorded] in a perspi-
cuous booh, or writing ; (S, Jel ;) i. e., on the

Preserved Tablet. (Bd, Jel.) The lesson of a

boy, that is learned each day (T, M, K) in the

school: (T:) also called jLj\. (TA.) The

model, or pattern, of a semblance, or shape. (M,
K.) _ The builder's wooden instrument [or rule]
whereby he makes the building even. (S, K.*)^
The cord which the builder extends to make even,
thereby, the row of stones or bricks of the building ;
also called >JI and J-Jb^l ; (T;) the string
which is extended upon, or against, a building,
and according to which one builds. (M, K.*) __
>»UI signifies also A road, or way: (S, [but
omitted in some copies,] M, K :) or a manifest
road, or way. (TA.) It is said in the Kur

[xv. 79], ^1 >UU Ur?1 j (§, M) And they
were both, indeed, in a way pursued and manifest :
(M :) or t» a way which they travelled in their

journeys. (Fr.)__The direction (>Um) of the
Kibleh. (M, K.*) — A tract, quarter, or region,
of land, or of tlie earth. (S.)_vl string [of u
1k>w or lute &c] ; syn. yy (§gh, K.)

• «

jtt**\ Beautiful in stature; (K ;) applied to

a man. (TA.) = I. q. *^U ; (S, M, Mfb,
K ;) i. e. one who raves, or is delirious, (<«J^,
[in two copies of the S i^-Si, but the former
appears, from a remark made voce L»\, to be
the right reading,]) from [a wound in] what is
termed «.-lj j>\ [see j>\] : (§ :) or wounded in
what is so termed; (M,K;) having a wound

is*

such as is termed <UI, q. v. (Msb.) It is also
used, metaphorically, in relation to other parts
than that named above ; as in the saying,

\ [And my bowels are wounded by reason of the
burning pain of separation]. (M.) = A stone
with which the head is broken : (S, O :) but in

the M and K * *♦*•>, [in a copy of the M, how-

ever, I find it without any syll. signs, so that
it would seem to be " <U*«I,] explained as signi-
fying stones with which heads are broken : (TA :)
pOui. (S,TA.)

4' -'

<UU1 Three hundred camels : (M, K :) so ex-
plained by Abu-l-'Ala. (M.)

•* ^ * s

i«UI : see <UI.
» •

Kr»\ : see _^>\ Also, (Sgh,) or t i^.'),

(K,) A blacksmith's hammer. (Sgh, K.)

iilil dim. of>l, q. v. (T, S,K.) = Sec also

jgt»\ : __and i«-»l.

i» »

i»f»W^\ One of the exorbitant sects of the

Slice' ah, (TA,) who asserted that 'Alee was ex-
pressly appointed by Mohammad to be his suc-
cessor. (Esh-Shahrastanee p. 122, and KT.)

.- .J .-a* ll m

i,,i*\ [dim. of i^t] : see jA, first sentence.

12 •

02

Jf»\ (T, M, Mgh, M ? b,K) and * jt>\ (K) [the

former a rel. n. from 1.1, and thus properly
meaning Gentile : whence, in a secondary, or
tropical, sense, -fa heathen;] tone not having
a revealed scripture ; (Bd in iii. 10 and 60 ;) so
applied by those having a revealed scripture:
(Bd in iii. 60 :) [and particularly] an Arab :
(Jcl in iii. 60, and Bd and Jel in lxii. 2 :) [or]
iii the proper language [of the Arabs], of, or

belonging to, or relating to, the nation (<UI) of

the Arab*, who did not write nor read: and

therefore metaphorically applied to J any one not

knowing the art of writing nor that of reading :

( Mgh :) or f one who does not write ; (T, M, K ;)

because the art of writing is acquired ; as though

he were thus called in relation to the condition

,il
in which his mother (<ul) brought him forth:

(T :) or f one mho is in the natural condition of

at
the nation (A**^l) to which lie belongs, (Zj,* T, M,*

K,*) a'ft respect of not writing, (T,) or not

having learned writing ; thus remaining in his

natural state: (M,K:) or tone who does not

U
write well ; said to be a rel. n. from >l ; because

the art of writing is acquired, and such a person

is as his mother brought him forth, in respect of

ignorance of that art ; or, as some say, from i.1
w>*JI ; because most of the Arabs were of this
description : (Msb :) the art of writing was known
among the Arabs [in the time of Mohammad] by
the people of Kt-Tuif, who learned it from a man
of the people of El-Heerch, and these had it from

the people of El-Ambar. (T.) 0>JUj *$ i)y~»\,
w>UJDl, in the Kur ii. 73, means Vulgar persons,
[or heathen,} who know not the Book of the Law
revealed to Moses : (Jcl :) or ignorant persons,
who know not writing, so that they may read that
book ; or, who know not the Book of the Law
revealed to Moses. (Bd.) Mohammad was termed

yj»\ [meaning A Gentile, as distinguished from
an Israelite : or, accord, to most of his followers,
meaning illiterate;] because the nation (i.1) of
the Arabs did not write, nor read writing ; and
[they say that] God sent him as an apostle when
he did not write, nor read from a book ; and this
natural condition of his was one of his miraculous
signs, to which reference is made in the Kur
[xxix. 47], where it is said, " thou didst not read,
before it, from a book, nor didst thou write it
with thy right hand :" (T, TA :) but accord, to the
more correct opinion, he was not well acquainted
with written characters nor with poetry, but
he discriminated between good and bad poetry :
or, as some assert, he became acquainted with
writing after he had been unacquainted there-
with, on account of the expression " before it "
in the verse of the Kur mentioned above: or, as
some say, this may mean that he wrote though
ignorant of the art of writing, like as some

of the kings, being &&*\, write their signs, or
marks : (TA :) or, accord, to Jaafar Es-Sadik,
he used to read from the book, or scripture, if
he did not write. (Kull p. 73.) [Some judicious
observations on this word are comprised in Dr.
Sprengei-'s Life of Mohammad (pp. 101 — 2);
a work which, in the portion already published

>l — Ul
(Part I.), contains much very valuable informa-
tion.] Also, (K,) or [only] JjA, (AZ, T, M,)

applied to a man, (AZ, T,) Impotent in speech,
(.je*, in the K incorrectly written l ^«£, TA,)
of few words, and rude, churlish, uncivil, or
surly. (AZ,T,M,K.)

ijJ i A

i~«l The quality denoted by the epithet ^1 :

(TA :) [gentilism : f heathenism : &c. :] t the
quality of being [in the natural condition of
the nation to which one belongs, or] as brought
forth by one's mother, in respect of not having
learned the art of writing nor the reading thereof.
(Kull p. 73.)

• a) S.i

,jU1 : see ,»ol : and see also art. v j-«l.

*.il Si

3 r *\ : see >l.

jt\ [act. part n. of 1 ;] t. q. j»-e>l5 : [see 1, first

sentence:] (TA :) pi. >UI, like as yL^ is

• * * s

pi. of M*fel*i (M,K,) accord, to some, but others

say that this is pi. of >»UI [q. v. ; the sing, and
pi. being alike] ; (M ;) and Qf\. (TA.) Hence,
in the Kur [v. 2], >tjUf ow" 0#* 'h \. Nor
those repairing to the Sacred House]. (TA.)

i»l (S, Msh) and " i*j^U, as some of the
Arabs say, (IB, Msb,) because it implies the
meaning of a pass. part, n., originally ; (Msb ;)
but 'Alee Ibn-Hamzch says that this is a mistake;
for the latter word is an epithet applied to the

part called pUjJI >l when it is broken ; (IB ;)

or ilT ILL and • L^U ; (M,Mgh,K;) A
wound by which the head is broken, (S, M, Msb,

K,) reaching to the part called tUjJI J3, (S,

c ' ts il
Msb,) or, [which means the same,] ^-1^1 j>\,

(M, K,) so that there remains between it and
the brain [only] a thin skin : (S :) it is the most
severe of *-U-i [except that which reaches the

brain (see i^-i-)] : ISk says that the person
suffering from it roars, or bellows, (Jjuo,),) like
thunder, and like the braying of camels, and
is unable to go forth into the sun : (Msb :) the
mulct for it is one third of the whole price of
blood : (TA :) IAar assigns the meaning of [this

d " * St

kind of] im^i> to * i*l ; which seems, therefore,
to be either a dial. var. or a contraction of «UI :
(Msb :) the pi. of i£\ is J>\j\ (Mgh, Msb) and
'^o-iU ; or this latter has no proper sing. : (M,

TA :) the pi. of * L^IU is £iU»«U (Mgh,
Msb.)

l.t i.t

>yl and^jt Better in the performance of the

office termed <UU1 ; followed by ^y» : (Zj, T, M,

K :) originally >tt : the second hem/.eh being
changed by some into _j and by some into ^j.
(Zj,T,M.)

**0'i or *♦**!, dim. of £*jt, pi. of >UI,
q.v. (S.)

I £ j *-i

j>*y» : see jg»\.

If

>t t* A camel that leads and guides : (M :) or

a guide that shows the right way : and a camel
that goes before tlie other camels : (K :) fern,
with » ; (M, K ;) applied to a she-camel (M,TA)

[Book I.

that goes before the other she-camels, and is
followed by them. (TA.)

• A. « t

>ty«U : see jfe»\. — Also A camel having hi*

hump bruised internally by his being much ridden,
or having his hump swollen in consequence of the
galling of the saddle and the cloth beneath it,
and bruised, and having his hump corroded :
(S :) or whose fur lias gone from his back in
consequence of beating, or of galls, or sores, pro-
duced by the saddle or the like. (M, K.) _
t# tt. ta*

«Uj*U : see <Ut, in three places.

I j j *-i

j>\y> : see ^1, in two places.

j^yo act. part. n. of <u ^>\ ; Following as
an example; imitating; taking as an example,
an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imita-

tion. (Msb.) <v ^iy* pass. part. n. of the

same; Followed as an example ; imitated; &c. :
thus distinguished from the former by the pre-
position with the object of its government (Msb.)

J&U : see i*l.

Ul

Ul, used to denote an interrogation, is a com-
pound of the interrogative hemzch. and the nega-
tive U : (M :) it is a mere interrogative [respect-
ing a negative, like *^l] ; as in the saying, Ul
4&I ^y ^.jm iTn .1 [Art not thou ashamed for thy-
self, or of thyself ', with respect to God?]. (Lth, T.)
[ I Ilsh says, after explaining two other usages

of Ul which wc have yet to mention,] El-Mulakcc
adds a third meaning of Ul, saying that it is a par-
tide denoting sjbj* [or the asking, or requiring, a
thing in a gentle manner], like [^)l (q. v.) and]
•^1 ; and is connected peculiarly with a verb ;
as in >»yu Ul [Wherefore wilt not thou stand?],
and Jj«*j Ul [Wherefore will not thou do such
a thing?]; which may be explained by saying
that the hemzch is used as an interrogative to

make one confess, or acknowledge, a thing, as

•»f -« - .

it is in j}\ and •jjl, and that U is a negative.

(Mughnce.) — . It is also an inceptive word, used

in the manner of ^1 : (M :) followed by Ail, it

is syn. with "^1 : (S :) [meaning Now : or now

surely: or] both of these meaning verily, or truly;

i. c. \*L : and for this reason Sh allows one's

I . |J 1| 0% % .»> til 'I

saying, JXix_o Ail Ul and JXk;« <ul Ul [ Verily,
or truly, he is going away] ; with kesr after the
manner of *il ^l, and with fct-h after the manner

,M i- * , . . • .-'- •— --

of *il Mm. : and IJ^> ,j^=> jutl aOI^ U* is men-
tioned as meaning dlilj Ul [Jus.-, i. c. Verily, or
truly, by God, suck a thing did indeed ha]ij>en] ;
the » being a substitute for the hemzch : (M :)
so too 4I1I3 i^L [or aBU. U»»] : (Sgh and K

in art. , .— :) it denotes the truth of the words

fc *^ •_-«•- a .1

which follow it; as when you say, JiU I jw; <jj W|

meaning Truly, or properly speaking, not tro-
pically, Zeyd is intelligent ; and w>j-o ji 4l)l_j Ul
\j^a juj [Truly, &c, by God, Zeyd beat, or
struck, 'Amr]\ (S in art. yt\ :) [in other words,]
it corroborates an oath and a sentence ; as in

Book I.]

lob jJL*^ ajg j« o*- o^ «b Ul IT«%>

or now surely, by God, if I remain awake for

thee a night, then mill I indeed leave thee repent-
it .s*+»t. ...* » • » •* .1

tw/] ; and <u» JUxwxjN JJUUU C - ^U ^ Ul [Verily,
or now surely, if I had known thy place of being,
then had I unsettled tliei, or removed tliee, from

♦7] ; and ^^ J^ **' "•■ l " eT '"Ji or now
surely, lie it (emphatically) a generous man]:
(T:) or it is an inceptive particle, used in the
manner of "^1 ; [meaning now.- or now surely :]
(Mughnee:) or a particle used to give notice of
what is about to be said : only put before a pro-
jHisition [as in cxs. mentioned above] : (TA :)
and often occurring before an oath [as in cxs.
mentioned al>ovc] : and sometimes its hemzeh
is changed into » or c, before the oath; each
with the I remaining ; [written U* or U» ;] and
with the I elided ; [written JJk or J*ft{] or with

the I elided, but without the substitution ; [written
■t ■ .t

j>\ ;] and when ^j\ occurs alter Ul, it is with
.1 i.

kesr, as it is after *>)l : and it also means UU.

I. <
[verily, or truly] : or UU»I [verily ? or truly ?] :

accord, to dillercut opinions : and in this case,

(Ji after it is with fet-h, as it is niter UU> : accord,
to lbii-Kliai-oof, this is a particle : but some say

that it is a noun in the sense of U»-: and others,
that it consists of two words, namely, the interro-
gative heni/.ch and U us a noun in the sense of

\{J* ; i. c. j*. <^£)l JUil [is that thing true?] ;

S/l • - < i lit .i

BO that the meaning is li»-l : [if so, J>A-k:,o <u\ Ul

means Verily, or truly, is he going away ?] and

this, which is what 8b says, is the correct opinion':

U is virtually in the nccus. case, as an adverbial

noun, like as U«- is literally : and ^j\ with its
complement is an inchoative, of which the adver-
bial noun is the cnunciativc : but Mbr says that

S» . i -

U»- is the inf. n. of (Ja-J, which is suppressed,

and that ^j\ with its complement is an agent.
(Muglince.)

•I

Ut is a conditional and partitive and corrobora-
. '•«

tivc particle ; and is sometimes written L4I, by

the change of the firsts into 1^. (Mughnee, K.)

It is used as a conditional particle in the

words of the Kur [ii. 24], Oy&J t^uT^jjf Uli
.' ' '. '.", . *'.i ' nt , s {' • •» • &.»— j a
u OWe* !*>» Oi«*" U, -»>*# »>* fc*""" **'
yjj» \jyt 4&I jljl Ii [For as for those who have
believed, they know that it is the ti~uth from their
Lord; but as for those who have disbelieved, they
say, What is it that God meaneth by this as a
parable?]. (Mughnee,* K,* TA.) That it denotes
a condition is shown by the necessary occurrence
of *J after it ; for if this w» were a conjunction, it
would not be prefixed to the enunciativc ; and if
it were redundant, it might be dispensed with ;
but it may not be dispensed with except in a case
of necessity in poetry or in a case of an cllijwis.
_ In most cases, (Mughnee, K,) it is used as a
partitive, (8, Mughnee, K,) implying the meaning
of a condition ; (8 ; [in which it is mentioned with
Ul;]) and thus it is used in the passage of die
Kur cited above; (Mughnee;) and in the fol-
lowing exs. [in the Kur xviii. 78 and 79 and 81],

Ul
jLj\ ^J OP* 3 ". OJtimd s^ilO i~i_JI Ul and

* m» J "t * ++ * * * •** S I* _ + +*»+ tm St

Cx~»y* 'V (jK» »^' u b and O^ jUOl <-'.5
!_> ; ♦ «>. » tje+yii [As for the ship, it belonged to
poor men who worked on the sea . . . and as for
the boy, his two parents were believers . . . and
as for the wall, it belonged to two orplian boys].
(Mughnee,* K,* TA.) [It is a partitive also in
the phrase jju Ul, which see in art. jmj.]__
Few have mentioned its use as a corroborative :

(Mughnee:) it is thus used in the phrase juj Ut
^.jkljki [ Whatever be the case, or happen what
will or what may, or at all events, Zeyd is going
away], when you mean that Zeyd is inevitably
going away, and determined, or decided, upon
doing so: (Z cited in the Mughnee, and K :)
therefore Sb explains it as meaning, in this case,
5>y* i>* <J~i W* [whatever be the case, &c, as
above, or, in some instances, happen what would
or what might] ; thereby showing it to bo a
corroborative, and to have a conditional meaning :
(Z cited in the Mughnee : [and the same explana-
tion of it is given, with a similar ex., in the 8, in
art. y»\ :]) the *J, in this case, is transferred from
its proper place before the inchoative, and put
before the cnunciative. (I 'Ak p. 30G.) Ks says
that Ul is used in commanding and forbidding
and announcing: you say, j>«cU <u)t Ul [What-
ever be the case, or happen what will, &c, God

* V# ■ * , * .•- At

worship thou] : and \y)j£3 *^i j+i II Ul [i. e.
-•- •« - • » »« ...» . it

ly^iJ *5) w<r-*J yj ^r-ff^-" Ul (as is shown in the

case of a similar ex. in the Mughnee, though you

. ». » . . . it. At

may say \yijZj %> >x>-JI Ul, without an ellipsis,

* I '.*... J * . it

like as you say ^kUjjyj )y+j Ul as well as

' if At

iyj Ut, in the Kur xli. 16, accord, to different
readers,) Whatever be the case, &c, wine (drink

not), drink not thou it] : and 9rj*-b J-ij Ul

[Wliatever be the case, &c, with respect to other
things, Zeyd has gone forth ; or whatever be the
case with respect to others, as for Zeyd, he has
gone forth] : whereas Ul [which see in the next
paragraph] is used in expressing a condition and in
expressing doubt and in giving option and in
taking option. (T.) [lllsh says that in his

. j . . . At

opinion,] in the phrase «v«-c jSi J^-H«JI Ul, thus
heard, with ju^aJI in the accus. case, the meaning
is, Of£»} Uy° [&c., i. e. Whenever thou men-
tionest the slaves, he is a possessor of slaves : but
I would rather say that the meaning is, 2)j£=>i Ul
jUfiOt, &c., i. e. as for thy mentioning the slaves,
ice] : and so in similar phrases which have been
heard. (Mughnee.) = Distinct from the fore-
going is Ul in the saying in the Ijtur [xxvii. 80],

j>l»*i j^~£=> Ii Ul [Or rather, what is it that
ye were doing ?] : for here it is a compound of the

unconnected jt\ and the interrogative U. (Mugh-
nee.) as So too in the saying of the poet,

m ' . bt At . * . t .t

* >Li Ii ^i\ Ul iil>. VI •

[0 Aboo-Kliurashch, because thou wast possessor
of a number of men dost thou boast? Verily, my
people, tlte year of dearth, or of sterility, hath not
consumed them] : for here it is a compound of the

93

O 1 termed Jjjjuo* [which combines with a verb
following it to form an equivalent to an inf. n.]
and the redundant U : oJI Ul is for £*Jm ^j*$ ;
the prej)osition and the verb are suppressed for
the sake of abridgment, so that the pronoun [o
in <2t im ] becomes separate ; and U is substituted
for the verb [thus deprived of its affixed pro-
noun], and the ,j [of ^1] is incorporated into the
j> [of U]. (Mughnee.) [See another reading of
this verse voco Ut ; and there also, immediately
after, another ex. (accord, to the Mughnee) of

it

Ut used in the manner explained above. See also
jjl as a conditional particle, like ^.JmbAIso
t. q. Ul , q. v. (Mughnee, £.)

Ul is sometimes written Ul, and sometimes its
first j> is changed into i_£, [forming U4I or U4I or

both, as will be shown below,] (Mughnee, [in

* *t
my copy of which it is written U^t, and so in

some copies of the K,] and K, [in some copies of
which it is written Ujl,]) and it is held by Sb to
be a compound of ^1 and U, (Mughnee,) or as
denoting the complement of a condition it is a
compound of o' nlm< *-•■ (M, K.) _ It denotes
doubt ; (Ks, T, Mughnee, K ;) as in ^» iOjl U
jj^s- UU J*jj Ul jfe [I know not who stood:
either Zeyd or 'Amr] : (Ks, T :) and Ul jViV
if^s. Ul j juj [There came to me either Zeyd or
'Amr], said when one knows not which of them
came. (Mughnee, K.)_— It also denotes vague-
ness of meaning; ns in [the Kur ix. 107,] Ut

• ».. t j. A ' •»»*.* *

JH&M T'y-i Utj^^jjt*.; [hither lie will punish
them or He will turn unto them with forgiveness],
(Mughnee, K.) It also denotes giving option ;

• ft A* a> * » * l A

as in [the Kur xviii. 85,] ,j' **U V*** 3 O' H

*• 1 ■ . A. * ' *

U—^^y-s jtt S3 [Either do thou punish, or do
thou what is good to them]. (Mughnee, K.)_
It also denotes the making a thing allowable;

* * . A * <• A »A..

as in Ua»i Ut^ Vyii UI^JLju [Learn thou either
law or syntax; (an ex. given in the T, on the
authority of Ks, as an instance of the usage of
Ut to denote giving option ;)] but its use with
this intent is disputed by some, (Mughnee, K,)
while they assert it of j/L (Mughnee.) _ It is
also used as a partitive ; as in [the Kur Ixxvi. 3,]
\]^£=> Ul j 1j£>li lit [Either, or whether, being
tltankful or being unthankful] ; (Mughnee, K ;)
the two epithets being here in the accus. case as
denotatives of state : or, accord, to the Koofees,

A »

Ut may be here [a compound of] the conditional ,j\
and the redundant U ; 0^**> accord, to lbn-Esh-
Shejcrcc, being understood after it : (Mughnee :)
and Fr says that the meaning is, j& (jU j££, ^j\
[if he be thankful and if he be unthankful], (T.)
_ It also denotes taking option ; as in the saying,

M 'J # -' j *t • f A . -•' * ' .%* . L * *

ot ut i \^L\ 01 uu vj ^u UU iiybv j\> j

lyjtol [I have a house in El-Koofeh, and I am
going forth to it, and either I will inhabit it or I
will sell it : but this is similar to the usage first
mentioned above]. (Ks, T.) — It is a conjunction,
(S in art. y»\, and Mughnee,) accord, to most
authorities, i. e., the second Ut in the like of the

• •< A *•' A * •»-

Myingj }*** \+\i «*!ij ■•1 (.si'V [mentioned

m

above]; (Mughnee;) used in the manner of jl
in all its cases except this one, that in the use of
jl you begin with assurance, and then doubt
comes upon you ; whereas you begin with Ul in
doubt, and must repeat it ; as in the saying last
mentioned : (S : [and the like is said in the
Mughnee, after the explanations of the mean-
ings :]) but some assert that it is like die first Ul ,
not a conjunction ; because it is generally pre-
ceded by the conjunction j : and some assert that
Ul conjoins the noun with the noun, and the j
conjoins Ul with Ul ; but the conjoining of a
particle with a particle is strange. (Mughnee.)
_ Sometimes the j is suppressed ; as in the
following verse, (Mughnee,) of EI-Ahwas ; (S ;)

* if£*ui oju. ui uy w •

[O, would that our mother took her departure,
either to Paradise or Hell-fire !] ; (S,* Mughnee,
)£ ;) cited by Kf , with U,»l for U*l : (T :) and
sometimes it is with kesr [i. e. CjI] : (S :) IB
says that it is correctly U4I , with kesr ; asserting
the original to be Ul , with kesr, only. (TA.) _
And sometimes the former Ul is dispensed with ;
as in the following verse, (Mughnee,) which
shows also that U is sometimes suppressed ;

Ul — o-«l

. «■ • - • *s

[The thundering clouds of summer-rain wa-
tered him, or of autumn-rain ; so he will not
want sufficient drink] : 1. e. ^_y> Ul _} U^m v>* Ul

iJuj*-. (Mughnee, K.) Mbr and Af say tliat

ij\ is here conditional, and that the wl is its com-
plement : but this assertion is of no weight ; for
the object is the description of a mountain-goat as
having sufficient drink in every case : AO says

that (j' '" this verse is redundant. (Mughnee.)
_ Sometimes, also, one does not require to men-
tion the second Ul , by mentioning what supplies
its place ; as 111 the saying, «ri^ jj&3 O' H
CJLU glj [Kit her do thou speak what is good or
else be silent]. (Mughnee.) [See art. "^1, near

* si

its end.] aai Distinct from the foregoing is Ul in
the saying in the $ur [xix. 26], ,>• .-*p Ul*

* . t * -•-• * r •

lj— I j£~}\ [And if thou see, of mankind, any
one] : for this is [a compound of] the conditional
&l and the redundant U. (§• in art. y»\, and
Mughnee.) [In like manner,] you say, in cx-
pressing a condition, ^Lt^JU-j <l>\* ljuj Q»"*~ Ul
[If thou revile Zeyd, he mill treat thee with for-
bearance]. (Ks,T.) And JUjM ^jd} 1*1 [If
thou come to me, J will treat thee with honour],
(S.)_In the following saying, U.LkJ.I cJl Ul
cJUkil [If thou be going away, I go away], the
U is not that which restrains the particle to which
it is subjoined from governing, but is a substitute
for a verb ; (K and TA in art. U :) as though the
speaker said, Ulku C>* lij [or rather Ct/+ Jft.
(TA in that art.) And hence the saying of the

poet, [of which a reading different from that here
following has been given voce Ul,]

* JLi li CJI Ul iil^i. bl *

^I^^LfeU^J^yoli

[O Aboo-Khurdslteh, if thou be possessor of a
number of men, verily, my people, the year of
dearth, or of sterility, hath not consumed them] ;
as though he said, jii li >&»» ,j\. (TA in that
art.) [But IHsh states the case differently; say-
ing,] An instance of U not used to restrain from

governing, but as a substitute for a verb, occurs in

' tit f.S.t ** '•* ■"

the saying, o*lk>l UJLku OJl Ul [Because thou

mast going away, I went away] ; originally,
*'•■» * • * » t j •* « •
U lk U '< U m o*^ CJUUkH : [for an explanation

t ' * •* at

of which, see what is said of C-i I Ul in a reading

Ai_ • • . -S* * * .*% SI

ot the verse commencing with HAj±. U voce Ul:]

but accord, to El-Farisce and IJ, the government
belongs to U; not to ^li» [or cJ>]. (Mugh-
nee in art. U.) _ So too in the saying, I Juk JjuI
^Ul, meaning tj+b JjOj"^ c~ £> ^1 [i. e. Do
<Aom Mm if thou wilt not do anotlter thing; or do
thou this at least] ; (Mughnee and K, each in
art. U ;) indicating a person's refusal to do [fully]
that which he is ordered to do : (TA in that art. :)
or IJkfe JotiU *9UI , meaning if thou wilt not do
that, then do thou this; the three particles [r>1
and U and *J] being made as one word : so says
Lth: (T:) [J says,] ijis Ji&' ^Ut is pro-
nounced with imaleh, [i. e. " imma-le,"] and is

■*

originally *j> ^1 witli U as a connective ; and the
meaning is, if that thing will not be, then do thou
thus : (S in art. •$ :) [but] AHdt [disallows this
pronunciation, and] says, sometimes the vulgar,
in the place of *^UI &i\ Jj£t, say, (jjC Jl>> JjJl
[Do thou that at least] ; but this is Persian, and is

rejected as wrong: and they say also, ,JUI, with
danuii to the I [and with imaleh in the case of the
final vowel, and thus it is vulgarly pronounced in
the present day] ; but this too is wrong ; for it is
correctly *jM, [with kesr, and] not pronounced
with imaleh, for particles [in general] are not
thus pronounced : (T :) and the vulgar also con-
vert the hemzeh into « withdamm [saying ^jIU*].
(TA in art. U.) [Fei says,] "^ is a substitute for
the verb in the saying, Ijjk JjwU ^)Ul , the mean-
ing being If thou do not that, then [at least] do
thou this : the origin thereof is this ; that certain
things are incumbent on a man to do, and he is
required to do them, but refuses ; and then one is
content with his doing some, or a part, of them,
and says to him thus : i. e., if thou wilt not do
all, then do thou this : then the verb is suppressed,
on account of the frequency of the usage of the
phrase, and U is added to give force to the
meaning : and some say that it is for this reason
that "}) is here pronounced with imaleh ; because
it serves for the verb; like as ,J^ is, and the
vocative C : but it is said that it is correctly pro-
nounced without imaleh; because particles [in
general] are not pronounced therewith; as Az

says. (Msb in art. •>).) [El-Hareeree says that]
, a
^Ul is properly [a compound of] three particles,

[Book I.

which are ^1 and U and ">), made as one word,

and the I at the end thereof is like the I of ^Jj^»-

[in which it is written ^, agreeably with rule] ;

wherefore it is pronounced with imaleh, like as is

the I of this latter word. (Durrat el-Ghow was, in

De Sacy's Anthol. Gr^Ar. p. 57 of the Arabic

text.) In the Lubdb it is said that *$ is used as a

negative of the future, as in JjUj *); and the

verb [in *^UI ] is suppressed ; so it [*)] serves as a

.. .. -a * 1 ■ »•

substitute in the saying, ^Ut IJjk Jj6I ; therefore

they pronounce its I with imaleh : and IAth says
that the Arabs sometimes pronounced *j with a
slight imaleh ; and the vulgar make the imaleh
thereof full, so that its I becomes ^$ ; but this is
wrong. (TA.) You say also, *^UI IjJk JkSV,
meaning Take thou this if thou take not that.
(T.) It is related that the Prophet saw a runaway
camel, and said, " To whom belongcth this camel ?"
when, lo, some young men of the Ansar said,
" We have drawn water upon him during twenty
years, nnd yet he has in him fat ; so we desired
to slaughter him ; but he escaped from us." He
said, " Will ye sell him ?" They answered, " No:

but he is thine." And he said, <UI \ y i,..i.\j, ^Ut
,,.t ,.U a, ' * *

aU»I 4^30. (j^., meaning If ye will not sell him,

act well to him until his term of life come to
him. (T.)

1. «zil, (T, S, M, £,) aor. : , (T, M, $,) inf. n.
I, (T, S, M,) He measured it ; determined its
measure, quantity, or the like ; computed, or con-
jectured, its measure, quantity, ice. ; (T, S,* M,
K: ;) as also t i^i, (M, £,) inf. n. 1^3. (TA)
You say, 5* j£* ^J I.** o^ W *=-^' Compute
thou, O such a one, this, for me, liom many it is.
(T.) And >»yUI w«*t He computed, or conjectured,
the number of the jteople, or company of men.

990 - - I

(T.) And ;UI 0»»l He measured, or computed,
the distance between him and the water. (T.) __
Also, (S, I£,) aor. as above, (J£,) and so the

» m

inf. n., (S,) t. q. «j*a» [He tended, repaired,
betook himself, or directed his course, to it, or
towards it ; aimed at it ; sought after it ; or
intended, or purposed, it]; (S, KL;) namely, a
diing. (S.)

2. Aid : see 1. —jiJW.
of evil. (M,TA.)

-i

•I He was suspected

C~»l A measure of distance [&c.] ; as in the
saying, isyGt v j TS >^ iLj U C~ol j^ W/iat is
the measure of the distance between thee and
El-Koofeh? (T,TA.)saDo\ibt: (Th,T, M :)
said to be so termed because this word signifies
the " computing, or conjecturing, measure, quan-
tity, and the like," in which there is doubt. (T,
TA.) [See 1.] So in the following ex. : ^Ujl

#f * * 0t0 -

V-J w*«t *) >Z*tjm* Wine is unlawful : there is no

doubt respecting the unlawfulness of it : (Sh, Th,

T, K :) or the meaning is, there is no indulgence, or

• *s
lenity, with respect to it ; from C~ol as signifying

" feebleness, or weakness," in a journey, or pace.

(T, TA.) And in the saying, c««l^ijl ^i J4 1

Book I.]

There it no doubt respecting wine, that it is
unlawful. (Th, M.) [Or in the like of these
two instances it signifies] Disagreement, or di-
versity of opinion, (<_»^£6.t,) respecting a thing
(j^ji. u*). (M, K.) err Curvity, crookedness,
distortion, or unevenness : (M, K :) rvggedness
in one place and smoothness in another; (K ;)
[inequality of surface ;] one part being higher,
or more prominent, than another: (TA :) an
elevated place :■ (T, S, K :) small mounds : (Fr,
Th, T, S, M, K :) or what is elevated, of ground :
or, as some say, water-courses of valleys, such
as are low, or depressed : (Fr, T, TA :) small
hills; hiUachs: (M,T A:) a hollow, or depressed
place, between any two elevated portions of ground
ifc. : (IAtir, T, M :) depression and elevation,
or lowness and highness, (S, M, A, K,) in the
ground ; (A ;) used in this sense in the Kur
xx. KKi ; (S ;) n ml the same in a water-skin not
completely filled : (S, A :•) or laxity in a water-
skin when it is not well filled so as to overflow .'
(T,* TA :) or a [consequence of] pouring [water]
into a shin until it. doubles, or creases, and not
filling it; so that one part of it is higher, or
more prominent, than another : (M, TA :) pi.
oUt (M, K, TA, hut in some copies of the K
OliT, and in the CK OUI,) and £ty\. (M, K.)
You sny, C~»t l^ Ui Jo^\ Oj^-I The earth,
or ground, was even, so that there was not in
it any depression and elevation. (A, TA.) And
C~»l <v> l*» Jii-JI *}>~«l The shin became full,
so that there was not in it any depression [of one
part of its surface] and titration [of another
part]. (S, A.*) A/, says, (TA,) I have heard
the Anilis say, <ui v£~»l ^j tvi ifjti\ ^U j5 He
had filled the water-skin so full that there was no

laxity in it. (T, TA.) A fault, a defect, an

imperfection, a blemish, or the like, (T, M, K,)
in the mouth, and in a garment, or piece of cloth,
and in a stone. (M, K.) [Hence the saying,]
jJLi ^ j«.».ll ^ji »i-»l i. o. [May there be a
defect, or the like,] in stones ; not in thee : mean-
ing, may God preserve thee when the stones shall
have perished : (Sl>, M :) C~ol is here put in the
noni. case, though the phrase is significant of
a prayer, because it is not a verbal word : the

phrase is like a) w>1jJJ1: and the commencing
the sentence with an indeterminate noun is appro-
vablc because it is virtually a prayer. (M.)
This jirov. is mentioned by the expositors of the
Tes-hecl : not by Meyd. (TA.) __ Weakness ;
feebleness; (T, !£;) langour; remissness. (TA.)
You say, <vi o^l *>) \ r ~i Uj-i We performed a
journey, or went, a pace, in which was no weak-
ness, or feebleness [&c.]. (T, TA.) = A good
•way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or
conduct, or the like. (T, K.)

>zZ>y» Suspected of evil and the like. (K.)
[See 2.] an [A water-skin] filled [so as to be
equally distended : see c~ot]. (K.)

0*«U !U A water of which the distance is
computed, or conjectured. (TA.)__J»-! ^J\j*
O^iU It is until a determined, defined, or

definite, period. (S, K. # ) — Oj-»U !.«£ A thing
<Aa<uAn<wtm. (M,TA.) [And so 0>*^*.]

*" ' ( • *'* IT

1. aJifc .vol, nor. - , inf. n. .vol, //« »ra* angry
with him: (S, M, M ? b,* K :) like J^j (S) and
.voj and juj and jus. (T in art. j^t.)

2. .vol, inf. n. ,v-»U, //c declared the time,
considered with regard to its end; or the utmost,
or extreme, extent, term, limit, point, or reach;
expl. by «v»^t s j t f. (K.)

,v»l Time, considered with regard to Us end :
^)Uj being time considered with regard to its
end and its beginning : (Er-Raghib :) [but some-
times it is interchangeable with (jloji as will be
seen in what follows:] or the utmost, or extreme,
extent, term, limit, point, or reach. (S, M, A,
Msb, K.) You say, » .vol jJl*' He, or it, reached,
or attained, his, or tto, utmost, or extreme, extent,
term, &c. (Msb.) And lj*»t *) ^yo [He
assigned, or appointed, for him, or t7, a term,
or KftMfl. (A.) And >U^I .vju y» [.He t* one

w/io«e iimt'rt are remote : >UI being the pi.].
(A.)— .The period of life which one has reached;

as in the saying, i) .vol U TP/taf u </«y period of
life which thou hast reached? (S.) — Each of
the two terms of the life of a man ; i. e. the time
of his birth, and the time o/his death. (Sh, T.)
El-Hasan [El-Basrec], being asked by El-Hajjaj,
J .vol U, meaning What was the time of thy
birth ? answered by saying that it was two years
before the expiration of 'Omar's reign as Kha-
lecfch. (T, L, from a trad.) __ The starting-
place, and the goal, of horses in a race. (Sh, T,
L.) — t Any space of time : (Er-Raghib :) a
space of time of unknown limit. (Kull pp. 9 and

10.) Sometimes, \A particular time; as in

the phrase l.v=> .vol The. time of such a thing;
like IJci oWi- (Kull p. 10.) — [It is also used
for jb»l ji, and (applied to a fern, n.) .vol Oli,
Having a term, or limit; limited in duration;
as in the saying,] j^l S^i.'^t^ j^ol LijJI [77ie
present state of existence is limited in duration,
but the final state of existence is everlasting].
('Obeyd Ibn-'Omeyr, L in art. j^l.)

»jL«t A remainder, or wliat remains, (K,) of
anything. (TA.)

.vo^o !Uu> A skin [exhausted;] in which there
remains not a gulp, or as much as is swallowed
at once, of water. (K.)

* jf' *'f

jyelo .vol An extreme term, limit, or point,

readied, or attained. (K.)

>»«
1. ijil, (T, §, M, &c,) aor. ^ , (M, &c.,) inf. n.
J-if (T, S, M, Msb, J£) and jUJ, (M, L, K,)
which latter, however, is disapproved by MF,
(TA,) and jl»jl is syn. therewith, (K,) but this
also is disapproved by MF, and deemed by him
strange, [being by rule the inf. n. of • »j*\, re-
specting which see what follows,] (TA,) and !^*1,

95

(M, K,) which is one of the inf. ns. [or quasi-
inf. ns.] of the measure *U»U, like iJU and «L*W,
(M,) He commanded him; ordered him; bade
him; enjoined him; the inf. n. signifying the
contr. of l£ ; (T, M, K ;) as also * ♦>•!, (Kr,
M, K,) mentioned by A 'Obeyd also as a dial,
var. of <£it : (Msb :) but A 'Obeyd says that
oy^ol and Hj*\ are syn. [in a sense different from
that explained above, i. e.] as meaning sJy£»;
(TA.) You say, »v »JA (S, M, K,) and »C\ »jif,
suppressing the prep., (M,) He commanded,
ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do it. (M, K.)

And J*i3 ^1 >!*Jj*\, and JjUZJ, and Jjuu ,jV>
/ commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, thee to
do [such a thing]. (M.) [And l.vO *j+\ as
meaning He commanded him, or ordered him, to
make use of such a thing ; or the like : whence,

in a trad.,] i)1^-JW C>ol [I have been commanded
to make use of the tooth-stick]. (El-Jami' es-
Saghcer.) [And He enjoined him such a thing ;

as, for instance, patience.] The imperative of

"' " ..,< "i'T i.i »

y»\ is j*; originally y»y; winch also occurs

[with ^ in the place of 3 when the I is pronounced

with damm] : (M :) but [generally] when it is

not preceded by a conjunction, (Msb,) i. c., by

^ or «_i, (T,) you suppress the ., [i. e. the radical

., and with it the conjunctive I preceding it,]

contr. to rule, and say, \jSj *j* [Command, or

order, or bid, or enjoin, thou him to do such a

thing] ; like as you say, J^ and .v±- : when,

however, it is preceded by a conjunction, the

practice commonly obtaining is, to restore the »,

* U **x*
agreeably with analogy, and thus to say, 1J*/ j*\y

(Msb.) __ [You say also, JIU <v y*\ He gave
an order respecting him, and accordingly he icas
slain. And IJXj <0 y\ He ordered llutt such a
thing should be done, or given, to him.] ..In, the
Kur [xvii. 17], l*«i lyL- ii ly-i^- ^j-*'> 80 accord,
to most of the readers, (T, &c.,) means TFe com-
manded [its luxurious inhabitants] to obey, but
they transgressed therein, or departed from the
right way, or disobeyed : (Fr, T, S, &c :) so says
Aboo-Is-hak; adding that, although one says,
t^ft ^-ij tjuj 0^*t, meaning 7 commanded
Zeyd to beat 'Amr, and he beat him, yet one also
says, (V^oxi uLyol [I commanded thee, but thou
disobeyedst me] : or, accord, to some, the meaning
is, We multiplied its luxurious inhabitants; (T;)
and this is agreeable with another reading, namely,
♦ Uf»l ; (TA ;) and a reading of El-Hasan, namely,
Cj-ol, like U«JL#, may be a dial, var., of the same
signification : (M :) gee 4, in two places : or it
may be from S«UNI ; (S, TA ;) [in which case it
seems that we should read * yyA ; or, perhaps,
Uf*l : see 2 :] Abu-l-'Aliyeh reads " O^ol, and
this is agreeable with the explanation of I 'Ab,
who says that the meaning is, We made its chiefs
to have authority, power, or dominion. (TA.)
__ i>y>\, aor. - , also signifies He commanded,
ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do tliat which
it behooved him to do. (A.) [He counselled, or
advised, him.] One says, ^jj-o, meaning Counsel
thou me; advise thou me. (A.) ^oUib j*\, said

90

of a wild animal, means He rendered the beholder
desirous of capturing him. (M.) may>\, (As, Fr,
Tl», T, 8, M, Msb, K,) aor. * ; (Msb, TA ;) and
y&, aor. * ; (S, M, Ilftt.K:;) and 'jJ\, aor. '- ; (M,
K, and several other authorities ; but by some
this is disallowed; TA;) inf. n. y,\ (K) and Xy>\
(8) and SjUl; (As, T, 8;) or the second is a
simple auhst. ; (K ;) or perhaps it is meant in the
8 that tliis and the third are quasi-inf. ns. ; (MF;)
He had, or held, command; he presided as a
commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M,
Msb, K i) he became an jj\ ; (As, T, S ;) ^s.
jkjp\ over the people. (M,» Msb, K.) [See also 5.]

^* J? 9 0>* r**> 0T **** " j*\}, (as in different
copies of the 8,) [Such a one lias held command
and been commanded,] is said of one who has
been a commander, or governor, after having been
a subject of a commander, or governor ; meaning
such a one is a person of experience ; or one who
has been tried, or proved and strengthened, by
experience. (8.) mm *j+\ as syn. with tf»\ : see 4.
■■Ul, (8, M, Msb, K,) aor. - , (Msb, K,) inf. n.
j-»l and Sj+\ ; (M, K, TA ; the latter written
in the CK »^i;) and^it, aor. '-; (IKK;) +/*
(a thing, M, Msb, or a man's property, or camels
or the like, Ahu-1-Hasan and S, and a people, T,
8) multiplied; or became many, or much, or
abundant ; (T, 8, M, Ms b, K ;) and became com-
plete. (M, K.) — And the former, f His beasts
multiplied; or became many; (M, K;) [as also
IjJi for you say,] yrfi £ t jA, inf. n. jl^l,
t The property, or camels or the like, of the sons
of such a one multiplied ; or became many, or
abundant. (M.) ■— ^1 jj, (Akh, 8, K,) aor. - ,
inf. n. jm\, (Akh, 8,) t The affair, or case, (i. e.,
a man's affair, or case, Akh, 8,) became severe,
distressful, grievous, or afflictive. (Akh, 8, K.)

8. »j*\, inf. n. jtM, He made him, or ap-
pointed him, commander, governor, lord, prince,
or king. (8,* Mgh, Msb.) [And it seems to be
indicated in the 8 that ▼ »y,\, without teshdeed,
signifies the same.] See 1, in three places. You
say also, UjK '£»\ (A,TA) He mas. made, or
appointed, commander, ice, over us. (TA.) —
Also He appointed him judge, or umpire. (Mgh.)
_»Li)l j*\ f He affixed a spear-head to the
cane or spear. (T, M.) [See also the pass. part, n.,
below.] — ijUl j*\ He made [a thing] a sign,
or mark, to show the way. (T.)

3. .^1 J> Ijj, (T,« 8, M, Msb,) inf. n. £.l|.,
(8, 1$.,) He consulted him respecting his affair,
or case ; (T,* 8, M, Msb, K,» TA ;) as also *j*lj ;
(TA ;) or this is not a chaste form ; (I Ath, TA ;)
w it is vulgar; (8, TA ;) and *$jJ&A, (M,)
inf. n^ jUii^f; (8, ¥;)and» j^iii, (T,) inf. n.
jCjT. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., ;UJI 1.1*?
t^v-^l j_j* Consult ye women respecting them-
selves, as to marrying them. (TA.) And in
another trad., ly-JLi Oj*1, meaning She con-
sulted herself, or her mind; as also to^Ll
V-ij. (TA.) [See another ex. voce ^rjj. And
see also 8.]

[Book I

namely, a thing, (Msb, K,) and consulted one
another respecting it. (S.) It is said in the Kur

[Ixv. 0], U>*.ja*4 jjilti J^*JI« -4nrf command ye,

or enjoin ye, one another to do good: [such is

app. the meaning,] but God best knoweth : (T :)

or, accord, to 1ft, purpose ye among yourselves to

do good. (TA.) And in the same [xxviii. 19],

*. iii# * - i «t f. .».# *

.yyjUJ jl^ O^^W ^UJI 0'> meaning FcrtTy <A«

cA/c/i command one another respecting thee, to

slay thee : (Zj, T :) or consult together against

thee, to slay thee : (AO, T :) or purpose against

thee, to slay thee: (1ft, T:) but the last but

one of these explanations is better than the last.

(T.) — See also 3 Accord, to El-Bush tec,

*j+Z-i\ also signifies He gave him permission : but

this has not been heard from an Arab. (Az, TA.)

10 : sec 3, in two places.

j*\ A command; an order; a bidding; an
injunction; a decree; an ordinance; a prescript :
(S,« Msb,» TA, &c. :) pi. j*ljl: (S,Msb,&c.:)
so-accord. to common usage ; and some writers
of authority justify and explain it by saying that

j*l is [originally] do jylt; that it is then changed
to the measure J*U; [i. e., to j-°t ;] like sJ^i y,\,
which is originally <Jjja« ; and *~ilj il-*, ori-
ginally d&oj* ; &c. ; [and then, to *«l ;] and that
Jt-\i becomes in the pi. J«ly ; so that ytW\ is
the pi. of jy*U: others say that it has this form

of pi. to distinguish it from y»\ in the sense of

• ' . * tl

JU. [&c], in which sense it has for its pi. i y\.

(Msb, TA.) [But I think that 'y>\)\ may be

projicrly and originally pi. of ij*\, for i^*?ii?, or
the like. MF says that, accord, to the T and M,
the pi. of j*\ in the sense explained in the begin-
ning of this paragraph is } y>\ : but he seems to
have founded his assertion upon corrupted copies
of those works ; for in the M, I find nothing on

this point ; and in the T, not, as he says, j-i y,^)\

pt& j-.l^ J^i\, but oljy*. ^^t ^i\ Jtf

jl> - its * »; * m *
jy»"$' »v*-lj j**^3 L5**" *J*<&> evidently meaning

that j*\ signifies the contr. of | « v j, and is also, in
another sense, the sing, of jy»\.] [Hence,] *J*t
j+*}\ Those who hold command or rule, and the
learned men. (M, If. [See Klur iv. 62.]) And
*I>I y>\ The threatened punishment of God : so
in the Kur x. 25, and xi. 42, and xvi. 1 ; in which
last place occur the words, c j -U. , « . T .. „" > ys aDI j-.I Jl,
meaning The threatened punishment ordained of
God hat It, as it mere, come : so near is it, that it
is as though it had already come : t/ierefore desire
not ye to hasten it. (Zj, M, TA.) And The pur-
pose of God. (Bd and Jel in Ixv. 3 ; &c.) And
*-r~>j* r*y\ The resurrection, or the time thereof,
is near. (Mgh, from a trad.) And s j» <ulx> U
\Jj*\, in the ?[ur xviii. 81, J did it not of my
own judgment: (Bd:) or, of my own choice.
(Jel.) [Hence also j*^\, in grammar, signifies
The imperative form of a verb.] — Also A thing;
an affair; a business; a matter; a concern: a
(£,) signifies they purposed it, (8, Msb, $,*) I state, of a person or thing, or of persons or things

— 9 *

4. j*\, inf. n. jl»j1 : see 1, last sentence but
one, in two places, as '»^\; (S, M, Msb, K. ;) and
* *V-»'> (?i M, Msb, K,) nccord. to some, (M,)
aor. *,(Msb,]£,) inf. n. ^*l ; (Msb;) both sig-
nifying the same accord, to AO, (S,) or A 'Obeyd,
(TA,) but the latter is of weak authority, (]£,) or
is not allowable ; (M ;) and, accord, to El-Hasan's
reading of xvii. 17 of the Kur, (see 1,) t <£*l
also ; (M ;) t He (a man) multiplied it ; or made
it many, or much, or abundant : (S, Msb :) He
(God) multiplied, or made many or much or
abundant, his progeny, and his beasts : (M, K :)
and i'U jA \ He (God) multiplied, &c, Am
property, or camels or the like. (S.) = See also
1, first sentence, in two places.

*«

5. yfc He became made, or appointed, com-
mander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (Msb;)
he received authority, power, or dominion ; ^jj
over them. (S, K.) [See also yA.\ __ See also 8.

6 : see 8, in three places.

8. j^LSl [written with the disjunctive alif ^£jl]
He obeyed, or conformed to, a command; (8,*
M, Mgh, K ;*) he heard and obeyed. (Msb.)
You say, j««W >^j', meaning He was as though
his mind commanded him to do good and he
obeyed the command. (M.) And [you use it
transitively, saying,] ji^l j+z5\ He obeyed, or
conformed to, the command. (S.) And 1*30 N
Ijiiy He will not do right of his own accord.
(A.) Imra el-Keys says, (S,) or En-Ncmir Ibn-
Towlab, (T,)

».%'.», .. it,,

[ And that which man obeys wrongs him, or injures
him] ; meaning, that which his own soul com-
mands him to do, and which he judges to be
right, but in which often is found his destruction :
(S :) or, accord, to K'» that evil which man pur-
poses to do : (T :) or tlunt which man docs without
consideration, and without looking to its result.
(A 'Obeyd, T.) [See what follows.] He under-
took a thing without consulting ; (Kt, T ;) as
though his soul, or mind, ordered him to do it
and he obeyed it: (TA:) he followed his own
opinion only. (Mgh.) One says, ,Jlj ^3U 'Jt^»\

fJ^i 0'> (A> Mgh,) meaning I commanded him,
but he followed his own opinion only, and refused
to obey. (Mgh.)^//« formed an opinion, and
consulted his own mind, and determined upon it.

(Sh, T.) And <ylj ^«£j1 He consulted his own
mind, or judgment, respecting what was right for
him to do. (Sh, T.) __ Ij^t, (A, Msb,) inf. n.
jUJf; (8, K and * \ 3r &, (A,) inf. n. ^Tl3, of
the measure J*U3 ; (8 ;) and * l&ylb, (TA,) inf. n.
%U; (K;) They consulted togetlier : (S,* A,
Mf b, K :•) or t^^JI and ♦ l«j*0 signify they
commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, one ano-
ther; like as one says, iy. ;.:..* I and <*i3U3, and
^— Sfc l and !***eUJ : (T :) or jl^l .J* Ijj^Sl
and a-U ▼ lj^*0, f Aey determined, or settled,
their opinions respecting the affair, or com:
(M :) and «/ ^j^jI, (S, Msb,) inf. n. as above,

Book I.]

or affairs or circumstances ; a condition ; a case :

• i-
an accident; an event: an action: 6yn. O*-" 1

(M, F, TA :) find JW, (Msb, TA,) and llU. :

(Msb:) andii>U: (K:) and Js\i : (MF,TA:)

and a thing that is said; a saying: (TA voce

jfji, at the end of art. Jl:) pi. jy\ ; (S, M, K,
&c. ;) its only pi. in the senses here explained.

(TA.) You say, J«iili J& r$ \- The a ff air >
or the like, of such a one is in a right state] : and
a+gtJS—s 4jy«l [///* affairs are in a right state].
(S, A.) And »y*\ C^£ //is dissipated, disorgan-
ized, disordered, unsettled, or broke up, his state
of things, or affairs. (As, TA in art. w»*-.)
[^-•1 seems to be here used, as in many other
instances, rather in the sense of the pi. than in that

of the ning.J—^yJl^^l [vl universal, or general,
prescript, rule, or canon]. (Msb voce Sacli, KT

voce Oy^> »»)

• . #«s * f 3' •

•-.I a subst from ►•Nt v«1 in the sense of ju£>1 ;

(§ ;) or a subst. from ^1 as signifying ^£> and
s- '

JJl; (M ;) t [A severe, a distressful, a grievous,

or an afflictive, thing : or] a terriltle, and foul,

or very foul, thing : or a wonderful thing. (TA.)

Hence, [used as an epithet, like y»\, q. v.,] in the

£ur [xviii. 70], £il £i oi*. ^JU t T«r% </««

nail done a severe, a distressful, a grievous, or

an afflirtive, thing : (S :) or a terrible, and foul,

or wry foul, thing : (TA :) or a wonderful

thing : (S :) or an abominable, a foul, or «n

«n7, and a wonderful, thing: (Kb, M,K:*) or

a terrible and an abominable thing ; signifying

ii i
more than IjXJ, [which occurs after, in verse 73,]

inasmuch as the [presumed] drowning of the per-
sons in the ship was more abominable than the
slaying of one ]>crson : (Zj, T :) or a crafty,
and an abominable, or a foul, or an evil, and a

wonderful, thing ; and derived from >yUl y»\ as
meaning \yySa. (Ks.)

ja\ a coll. gen. n. of which »j*\ (q. v.) is the
• A.

n. un. ssm See also jyV.

j-ol : sec j^t. sssi ^Multiplied; or become many,
or much, or abundant. (M, K.) [Sccj^t.] You
say j-»1 cjj t Abundant seed-produce. (Lh, M.)
__ f A man whose beasts have multiplied, or
become many or abundant. (M.) f A man blessed,
or prospered, (Ibn-Buzurj, M, £,*) »'n A« jm-o-
perty : (M :) fcm. with I. (Ibn-Buzurj.) And
with «, t A woman blessed to her husband [by her
being prolific'] : from the signification of »j-£>.
(M.) a t Severe; distressful; afflictive. (TA.)
[See also j*\.]

Ij*\ A single command, order, bidding, or in-
junction : as in the saying, i*U»-» ij+\ ^c jii
Thou hast authority to give me one command,
order, bidding, or injunction, which shall be
obeyed by me. (S, M,* A, Ms b, £•) You should
not say, [in this sense,] »ja\ , with kesr. (T, S.)
= See also Sy»\.

5^*1 a subst from ys\ [q. v.] ; Possession of
command; the o/faf, and authority, of a com-
mander, governor, lord, prince, or king ; (M,*
Bk. I.

Msb, El;) as also t iju (Mgh, Msb, K) and

♦ jjUt ; (L, K ;) but this last is by some dis-
allowed, and is said in the Fs and its Expositions
to be unknown. (MF.) It is said in a trad.,
»ll^t ^1 Sj-c\ JLi;U> JUU) Perhaps thy paternal
uncle's son's possession of command hath dis-
pleased thee. (TA.) [And hence, t Increase,

or abundance, or the like ; as also other forms
mentioned in what follows.] You say, a*-^ .Jk
<u^ot w>jju JAJU t -fn <«e /ace of thy property,
[meaning such as consists in camels or the like,
and also money,] thou knowest its increase and
abundance, and its expense : (S :) or * *jj*\ , and

♦ iiwit, which latter is a dial. var. of weak

* +>-s .

authority, and ' *3ja\, i. c, its increase and abun-
dance : (M :) or ♦ aj^I as meaning its prosperous
state; as also "*3jUl, and ~t!iys\i (Ibn-Buzurj :)
accord, to AHcyth, who reads " *jy>\ Jyo, the
meaning is, its decrease; but the correct meaning
is, its increase, as Fr explains it (T, TA.) It is
said respecting anything of which one knows what
is good in it at first sight : (Lh, M :) and means,
on a thing's presenting itself, thou knowest its

goodness. (T.) One says also, ▼^jUi o-*-' U
t How good is their multiplying, and the multi-
plying of their offspring and of their number !

(M.) And ti£l V &\ Jj^. *j \May God
not make an increase to be therein. (T.)

»ja\ Stones : (K :) [or a heap of stones :] or
it is the n. nn. of yt\, which signifies stones :
(M :) or the latter signifies stones set up in order
that one may be directed tliereby to the right way :
(Ham p. 409:) and the former also signifies a hill;
(M,K;) and j-a\ is [used as] its pi.: (M :) and
a xiyn, or mark, by which anything is known ;
(M, ^ ;) as also "jUI and * JjUl ; (As, S ;) and

y>\ is [used as] its pi. in this sense also : (M :)
or a sign, or mark, set up to show the way ;

(A A, Fr;) as also tjUl and tjjU: (K:) or
a small sign, or mark, of stones, to show the way,
in a waterless desert ; (S ;) as also ▼ jUI [and

♦ SjUl]; and any sign, or mark, that is prepared:
(TA :) or a structure like a Sjlu [here app.
meaning a tower of a mosque], upon a mountain,
wide like a house or tent, and larger, of the
height of forty times the stature of a man, made
in the time of 'Ad and Irem ; in some instances
its foundation being like a house, though it con-
sists only of stones piled up, one upon another,
cemented together with mud, appearing as though
it were of natural formation : (ISh, T :) the pi.
(in all the senses above, K) [or rather the coll.

gen. ».,] isjil. (S, £.) = See also S^tt.

jUt and t SjUl A sign, mark, or token. (As,
S, Mgh.) See also each voce ly>\, in three places.
You say, JU-v^ ^^i U ijUl ^ It is a sign, or
token, of what is between me and thee. (T,* TA.)
And a poet says,

♦ l^JU j^\ yjm ^ t c-*JJ» til •

[When the sun of day rises, it is a sign of my
saluting thee, therefore do thou salute], (TA.)_

97

Also A time : (As, S, K :) so I Aar explains the
latter word, not particularizing the time as definite
or otherwise: (M :) or a definite time : (TA:) or
a time, or place, of promise or appointment ; an
appointed time or place ; syn. J*y* ■ (M, Mgh,
IS. :) or, accord, to some, the former word is pi.
[or rather coll. gen. n.] of the latter. (TA.) El-
'Ajjaj says,

When He (meaning God) brings it, (namely my
soul,) by his skilful ordering, and his power,
[and it is thus brought, or tr thus comes, to a set
time, and] to the time of the end of my appointed
period : ^jj-e jUI being as above ; the former
word being prefixed to the latter, governing it
in the gen. case. (IB. [In the S we find jUt}

jy»\ [an intensive epithet from •/*!]. You say,

jLi*i\ o* yj$ wij^JfcJW jy*) **' Verily he u
one who strongly commands, or enjoins, good
conduct, and who strongly forbids evil conduct.
(S in art. ^i, and A.*)

fg»\ One having, holding, or possessing, com-
mand; (S;) a commander; a governor ; a lord;
(M, # Msb ;) a prince, or king : (M, IS. :) fem.

with I : (S, ^ :) pi. ijjil. (M, Msb, $.) — A
leader of the blind. (M, 5.) 8o in the saying
ofEl-Aasha:

^Jl ^i <Jii\ ^,U 'Jim lil

• k^l £<i« SUiJl jii * *

[When the young man's guide in tlie countries,
or lands, or the like, is the top of the cane,
he obeys the leader of the blind]. (M.) __ A
woman '8 husband. (A.) — A neighbour. (K.)
_ A person with whom one consults : (A, K :)
any one of whom one begs counsel, or advice,
in a case of fear. (TA.) You say, (.£>*•( yk
He is the person with wliom I consult. (A.)

SjUl : see »j*\ , in threo places : — and sec
also S^ol, in three places ; and jUI.

SjUl : see »j*t._IjUNI is also used for «^*-U>
j;U^Ci. e.^1. (Mgh.)

• a* , , . ,

ja\ : see the next paragraph, in two places.

yc\ A man who consults every one respecting
his case ; as also V j«l and * SjUt : (M :) or a
man resembling [in stupidity] a kid: [see the latter
part of this paragraph :] (Th, M :) or, as also
▼ 5^t (S,M,]£,&c.) and t^ll and * J^t, ($,)
a man having weak judgment, (S, K,) stupid,
(T, M,) or roeaA, without judgment, (M, L,) or
without intellect, or intelligence, (T,) n>Ao ofay*
<Ae command of every one, (T,S,) ioAo complies
with what every one desires to do in all hit
affairs; (£;) a stupid man , of weak judgment,
who says to another, Command me to execute
thine affair. (IAth.) It is said in a trad., £y*
»^«J J3^ ^ T Sj-»J >W [ He who obeys a stupid
man, &c., sAaU not eat fruit : or the meaning is]

13

as

he who obeys a stupid woman shall be debarred
/row (/oorf. (I Atli.) * a^ol is applied to a woman
ami to a man : when it is applied to a man, the
S is added to give intensiveness to the signification.

(ISh.) The following saying, ^illl Colii lit

• a »» **'* " 1 ** i* *** " ' *

!H| Va T V*J W J^p ^* '>-> "» rhyming

prose, means [JF/ien Sirius rises in the clear
twilight,] Mend not thou among them (meaning
the camels) a man without, intelligence [in a
great degree, nor one who is so in a less degree ;
or a woman without intelligence, nor a man with-
out intelligence ;] to manage them. (Sh.) —
Also, (M, K,) and ♦ iy»\ and * y>\ and ♦ iyA,
(K,) A young lumb : (M, ^ :) or the first ( y>\ )
and the second, a young hid : (M, TA :) or the
former of these two, a male lamb: (M,TA:) or
a young male laml) : (S :) and the latter of them,
a female lamb : ( M , TA :) or a young female
lamb. (8, M.) One says, 1 jj„t «Jj ^| jj U,
meaning He has not a male lamb nor a female
lamb : (M, TA :) or he lias not anything. (T,
S,M.)

uet «i ,

iy>\ : see j*\ , in two places.

•'•> si •>•

Sj*1 : sec j^l, in six places:^ and see 5^*1,

in four places.
S^l: sceJ^-l.

jUI [ WW to MmwdwJ]. [Hence,] SjU^t JJui
[77m *<>u/ (/tat t* wont to command] ; (A ;) the
*oul that inclines to the nature of the body, that
'■ovi mantle to the indulgence of pleasures and sen-
sual appetites, drawing the heart downwards, so
that it is the abode of evils, and the source of
rulpable dispositions. (KT.) [See JJb.]

»jUI fern, of jUI [q. v.].__ See also y>\.

• m >"t 9 — . • *ts

y>\ [act. part, n.of »j-*l.] — j-»t and ~j*3yt Two

days, (S,) the last, (K,) (/«« former being the
sixth, and tlie latter the seventh, (M,) of the days

called j>JJ»J1 >#: (S, M, £: [but see jj4-*0) as
though the former commanded men to be cautious,
and the latter consulted them as to whether they
should set forth on a journey or stay at home :

(S :) accord, to Az, the latter is applied as an

' " ■* • ■
epitliet to the day as meaning <t-i j-oJ^i- (TA.)

A .1. • ,1. .

^j-«U : see jyAZ, >n two places.

I •»*•» ... • '''

yjj+yi, and without > : sec jyM, in six places.

jyt\j and t Sjj*U are properly mentioned in this
art.; the measure of the former being Jyuu;
($ ;) and that of the latter, ilyOi : (TA :) not
as J has imagined; [who writes them without .,
and mentions them in art. j^J ;] (K ;) their mea-
sures accord, to him being JjftU and ii^c\i. (TA.)
[But in all the senses here explained, they appear

to be with and without ».] The former signifies

The soul : (S in art. j+3, where it is written
without • ; and M, A, K :) because it is that
which is wont to command. (A.) One says,

iUj Jj^O > Si Thy soul, or self, hath known

that. (AZ, and T in art. j*3.) The intellect:

(M :) as in the saying, ^Jjy\i/ *&j* I knew it
by my intellect. (M in art. j^J, without » ; and

A.

J O0> ' J

TA.) You say also, Uj^elj ,^1 ^i, meaning //c
t* the knowing with respect to it. (TA in art.
j_jy.)^Thc heart, (T in art. j^i without .,
and M, A, £,) itself (M, TA.) Hence the
saying, iCleVj ^ ££* o- £~ ijj^ J± SjL
[ One word in my heart is better than ten in thy

receptacle]. (T in art. ^, and TA.) The

pericardium. (M in art. ^i, without * .) The

core, or black or inner part, or clot of blood,
(&1., M, £, or iiift, TA,) and /(/b, and blood,
of the heart : (M, $ :) or oWo", (As, S, M, in
art. ~j, and K,) absolutely: (TA :) and jy>\3
j^-WI signifies the life-blood : (As, S :) or the
blood of the body : (S in art. ^Ju :) nnd the life
of tlie soul. (M, K.)_AIso, as being likened

to blood, (TA,) J Wine ; nnd so t Jj^iu : (M,
5 :) and — \ A dye : (M, TA :) and \ Saf-
fron. (As,K.) — [Hence also,] f Water. (M,
$.) You say, jyiti 4&JJI ^i U, (T, S in art.

^»3, and M,) or jyM, (A,) J There is not in the
well any water. (T, S, M, A.) ss The weseer
(jijs) of a king : (M, K :) because his command
is effectual. (TA.) = Any one : as in the saying,
jy »\S \i U, (T in art. j*?, A, %,) as also *j>«p,
(T in art. j^i, and I£,) each with an augmentative
C, and without • as well as with it, accord, to
Er-Itadee and others, (TA,) and tiCj-sU, and

9 a • "

f (4j>« u > ( M and * t^J-p, (T in art. ^, M,
TA,) or without », (S, M, K, in nrt. ^3,) and
IjM, (M, ^,) I'/iere m not in it (i. c. in the
house, jtjJI, M, A, TA) any one. (M, A, K,

and T and S in art. ^j .) You say also, 2^Li. j*)L
^ S * t * »~mt
\SJ*y* W cr** Vacant regions wherein is not

any on". (S in art. ^3.) t ^j^p (M, K.) and
t i » ' ,. , x ••*'¥' * ^ »f*

U^*^ 3 (? m art * >*Q an " l£j>*^ a "d T (J>°^
(M, K) also signify A man, or human being.
(S,* M, ?L.) You say, speaking of a beautiful

woman, vU O— »■' W^P *^-i'j *• J /mtw not
seen a human being, or creature, more beautiful
than she : (S and M in art. j^3 :) and C-jIj U

<U* 0~**' Vj^p [■* Aaw nof »ecn « »nan »nore
beautiful than he]. (T and S in art. _^»j.) Accord,
to some, they arc used only in negative phrases; but

accord to others, they are also used in such as arc affir-
mative. (MF.) Also Anything: as in the saying

\jyi\3 £u i£S U ?liJl C-JjJI cM>^ [**• wo^ato
</j« sheep, or <7oa<, ami fe/2 na< o/tt anything].
(T and S in art. ^»J.) as A ca&2, yo««i/ one, or
foetus ; syn. jJj. (M, K.) = The • receptacle
(»<*}) 0/ <Ae c/it7(/, young one, or foetus. (M in
art. j^j, without .; and K.)_A »U^ [in </i«
ordinary sense ; i. e. a 60*7, or receptacle, for
travelling-provisions and for goods or utensils fyc..\

(M,K.) Hence the saying, Sijytfoi ^s.S cJi
Thou art best acquainted with what thou hast
with thee; and with thine own mind. (M.)_

Also, (%.,) and t Sjy*\j, (M, [in which the former
is not given in the following senses,] and K,) or
* b»*V, (S in art. ^,) A ewer, syn. Ji^l, (S,
M, iJ.,)for wine : (S :) and, (M, J£.,) or, as some
say, (TA,) a ii-L (M,^,TA) in which nine is

[Book I.

put. (TA.) — Also the first, (M, K,) or » third,
(T nnd S in art. j*!,) The chamber, or cell,
(Zx*yo, T and M in art. j*j, without., and S
and K, anil ^y»\i, >f , K,) of a monk. (M, ^-)

— And hence, (TA,) the first, (K,) and t second,

(M, K,) or * third, of these three words, (T and

S in art. j+j,) J The covert, or retreat, of a lion.

(T,S,M,K:.) Whence, t^vj J, ^1 tf&

I Such a one is a lion in his covert : (T and S in

nrt. j+J:) a saying borrowed from 'Amr Ibn-

Maadce-Kcrib : (T and S ibid :) or, accord, to

some, it means, a lion in the greatness of hu

courage, and in his heart. (TA.) == Also (i. e.

the first only) Play, or sport, of girls or of boys.

(Th, M in art. j^j without ., and K.) = See also
• it*

* j( .

jyep A sign, or mark, set up to show the way

in a waterless desert ; (K, TA ;) consisting of

stones piled up, one upon another: (TA:) pi.

je»\3. (K..) [See lj*U]um Sec also jyiu.

»»-»«, and without • : sec j>«U, in eight places.

— Also The pericardium ; the integument (o^jU)
of the heart. (S in art. ^3: there written with-
out • .)

S ,t, t ,t- .

(Jljyeu : sec j>«13, 111 two jilaces.

j+~* Counsel; advice: as in the saying, ^f§S

/•*•" ^>* *r*i^* J S ' » " i>« •***# Such a one is
far from counsel, or advice : near to calumny,
or slander. (A.)

j-oj-o Made, or afrpo'mted, commander, go-
vernor, lord, jrrince, or Aiwy : (S, M, K :•) oWi;
<« Ahw authority, power, or dominion : (T, M,
K :) in which latter sense it is explained by
Khulid, as applied by lhn-M ukhil to a spear.
(T.) __ f A cane, or spear-shaft, having a spear-
head affixed to it. (K.) _ + A spear-head (T,
TA) sharpened; syn. IXLH. (T, M,K, TA.)
__ Distinguished, or defined, (j»ka_»,) by signs,
or marks : (TA :) or, as some say, (TA,) marked
with a hot iron ; syn. jty*y. (K, TA.)

*it, <•'"'

j^»U [pass. part. n. of syA, q. v.]. _ It is said

• » 'J ' *■ *f* **" * '*'

in a trad., (S, &c.,) ii-rj »jy»\* ify» Jl^JI ^

*. A.

ijyM t Tke best of property are a prolific filly

[and a row of jTalm-trees, or perhaps a tall palm-
tree, fecundated] ; (AZ, A 'Obcyd, T, S, A, £ ;)
as though the filly were commanded [by God] to
be 60 : (A, in which the epithet Sjj-oU thus used
is said to be tropical :) [or] Sjytla is thus for the
sake of conformity to »j^A*, and is originally
ij£>, (S, M,» £,) from M U^f: (TA :) or it is
a dial. var. of weak authority ; (]£ ;) though,
accord, to AZ, it signifies made to have abundant
offspring, from »jv«JI ^&l j*t, meaning " God
made the filly to have abundant offspring," a dial,
var. of Uj*t, as A 'Obeyd also asserts it to be.
(TA.)

j^U and *s-oU : sec what next follows.

*

j+>y» [ Obeying, or conforming to, a command;
Ace. : see 8. _] One who acts according to his
own opinion ; (T ;) who follows his own opinion

Book I.]

only : or who hastes to speak. (M.) = Sec also
y>\. _ Also, and ^JJ+B, [77/c month which is

now commonly called] jtjm ^ \ : (M, K :) the
former appellation (^Jj-o) is that by which the
tribe of 'Ad called it : (Ibn-El-Kelbee :) pi.
* j-eU and j«-*U [both anomalous]. (M, K.)
[Sec J&]

jy*L ; (M, K ;) so in all the copies of the K ;
but in the L and other lexicons, T jy»l3 5 (TA ;)
A certain beast of the sea : or, us some say, a
small beast : (M :) and a kind of mountain-goat :
(M, K :) or a certain wild beast, (K, TA,) or a
beast resembling the mountain-goat, (M,) luiviiig
a single branching horn in the middle of his head.
(M, TA.) [See )^Li, the oryx.}

ur-

• «

tj~*\, meaning Yesterday, or the tiny before
the present day (Msb, K) by one night, (K,) and
tropically applied to J what is before that, (Msb,)
or a short time before, (lid in x. 25,) [used as a
subst. and as an adv.,] is indecl., with any of the
three vowels for its termination : (K :) [written
u^al and ,_j~ «l and ^_el :] or it is an adv. n.,
indecl., with kesr for its termination, unless made
indeterminate, or made determinate [by the article
Jl] ; and sometimes indecl. with fit-li : (Ez-
Zejjiljcc, M, TA :) or, accord, to I Hsh, the termi-
nation with let h is a rejected form ; and that with
dumui is not mentioned by any of the grani-

luanuiw:' ('I A:) but Lr *\ j^> [Since yesterday]
OCCUTK, used Uy poetic, licence: (Kb, S:) v~*\ is
a noun of which the hist letter is made movent to
avoid the concurrence of two quiescent letters:
and the Arabs differ respecting it: (S :) most of
them make it indecl., with kesr lor its termination,
when it is determinate [without the article Jl] :
but some of them make it [imperfectly] deck
when it is determinate [in the same manner] : (S,
K. :*) [accord, to the most approved usage,] you

say, [i>~>el 4^li, and l _^-«"Jlj, which is more com-

- •» '

mon, and »^~0)l, I saw him yesterday ; and]

• i • j tft**

^j~c\ ±* <LJ\j U [7 have not seen him since

yesterday] ; and if you have not seen him [since

it i .* i IM t * ■"•*' "

the day next] before that, you say, Jjl S* jCj\j U

• i #

w*' O* [I *■*• not seen /""* since the day

before yesterday] ; and if you have not seen him

[since] two days before that, you say, Ju> tifit U

• « * »ai • in

tr - ' O* Jj 1 »>• Jb' [•* '"""-' ,wt seen A }W » since
the day before the day before yesterday], (ISk,
TA.) The phrase ^-^1 a^Ij [/ saw him yester-
day] has also been heard, but it is cxtr. (K.)
The people of El-IIijaz make u ~*\ indecl., with
kesr for its termination ; and the Benoo-Tcmeeni
do the same when it is in the accus. or gen. case ;
but these latter make it [imperfectly] deck when

..... ' J *ft # «*

it is in the noin. case, saying, <u» \^ w __«) »^dki
[ Yesterday lias gone with what happened during
it] ; whereas the people of El-Hijdz say, w*3
«e* U* u-*'? because it is [held by them to be]
indecl. on account of its implying that it has the
determinative article Jl [understood as prefixed

j*\ — J-l

to it], the kesrch being added to avoid the
concurrence of two quiescent letters; while the
Bcnoo-Tcmeem hold it to be, in the nom. case,

' **
a deviation from ^^-o^l, and therefore imperfectly

deck, because of its being determinate, [and so

resembling a proper name,] and its deviation from

the original form, like j»~i in the like case : (IB,

TA :) all of the Arabs, however, make it deck

when the article Jl is prefixed to it, (S, K,*)

and when it is made indeterminate, or is prefixed

to another noun : (S :) they say, using it indeter-

* *i • - - i >

nnnatcly, L_ol jjUo ji. Jib [Every morrow be-

* *
comes a yesterday] ; (S,* IB ;) and making it

determinate by die article Jl, they say, \j\£>

UJs l ^~»^)l [T/te yesterday was good], (IB,) and

-iijUttJt u- **i)l i«a< [The blessed yesterday has
past] ; (S ;) and prefixing it to another noun,

:-* * * oi it j

Uel» O^ ^—•1 J^» [AU of our yesterday was
good], (IB,) and U — ol i*a* [Our yesterday lias
past] : (S :) [tliercforc,] in the following verse,

[And verily I stood to-day, and yesterday before
it, at thy door until the sun was almost setting],
(thus related by IAar in two different ways,

u— o*})l and tr-^'illj) if we read tr-*^!, the Jl is
redundant, because it is implied in the word
,^—•1 ; but if we read ^^-c^l, the Jl is not implied
in u—»l, and therefore is prefixed to make it de-
terminate. (IJ, M.) The jil. is ,^~»\ and ^Ul,

(Zj, K,) both pis. oi pane., (Zj, TA,) and vy»\,

(Zj, K, TA, [in the CK, incorrectly, tr*>«l,])
which is a pi. of mult. (Zj, TA.) There is no

dim. form of ^—el ; - like as there is none of «*i

j * * *• * * *t * * Si

and ia-jUl and <Ju£> and ^>jI and ,-Z» and i_^l

and U and juc and the names of the months and

' ' ' * *

those of the days of the week, except <ut*^JI.

(Sb,S.)

i » 2 CI

( N _j-~eJ , contr. to analogy, (M, TA,) and i«-~*l
[which is agreeable with analogy] is allowable,
as related by Sgh on the authority of Fr, but the
former is the more chaste, (TA,) Of, or relating
to, or belonging to, yesterday. (M, TA.)

J-l

1. «Jut, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. '- ,. (T, S, M, Msb,)
and - , (so in the M accord, to the IT,) inf. n.
J*l, (T, S, M, &c.,) this being the inf. n. accord,
to IJ, [as distinguished from J«l and J«*t,]
(M,) lie hoped it ; or hoped for it; syn. «U.j ;
(S,* M,* [see J*l below,] K ;) meaning, what
was good for him ; (S ;) as also * aJlol, (T,* M,
£,) inf. n. Je*VJ : (S, T :) or lie expected it ;
[or had a distant, or remote, expectation of it ;
for] it is mostly used in relation to that of which
the occurrence, or coming to pass, is deemed
remote ; as in the saying of Zuheyr,

'Jfi' ' j • ^ 6 I j M» j 1,1

[/ hope, and have a distant expectation, that her
love may approach] : he who has determined
upon a journey to a distant town or country says,

99

'it i t-t

Jyo^\ wJUt [I have formed an expectation, or

a distant expectation, of arriving] ; but he does

not say, c«pU until he has become near thereto ;

• * * *
for a*J» relates only to that of which the occur-
rence, or coming to pass, is [deemed] near : and
«U»jJt is between J* 1 ^! and f-»LJ1 ; for it is some-
times attended with fear that the thing expected
may not come to pass, wherefore it is used in
the sense of fear; and when the fear is strong,
[lest the tiling expected should not come to pass,
it denotes distant expectation, and thus] it is used

in the sense of J»*^t ; whence the usage in the
verse of Zuheyr ; but otherwise it is used in the

sense of » hll : (Msb :) or «U»j" signifies the
expectation of benefit, or advantage, from some
preceding cause or means : so says El-Harallee :

or it is properly syn. with J-o"^)l ; and in common
conventional language, means the clinging of the
heart to the coming to pass of a future desired event:
so says Ibn-El-Kemdl : or, accord, to Er-Raghib,
an opinion requiring the coming to pass of an
event in which will be a cause of happiness :

* ■* - * * t*

(TA :) and " <xUI, inf. n. J#«tt, signifies he ex-
pected it much ; and is more commonly used
than the form without tcshdeed. (Msb.)

* t. .

2: see 1, in two places, issa J~oU also signifies

The inducing [one] to hope or expect. (KL.)

5. i^yill J^O [He considered the thing, or
studied it, or contemplated it, carefully, or atten-
tively, with investigation ;] he looked at the
thing endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge
of it : (S :) or t. q. t£j3 ; (Msb, TA ;) i. e.,
(Msb,) he looked into the thing, considered it,
examined it, or studied it, repeatedly, (Msb, TA,)
in order to know it, or until he knew it, (Msb,)
or in order to ascertain its real case : (TA :f or
he looked intently, or hardly, at, or towards, the
thing : (TA :) or J*U signifies he acted, or pro-
reeded, deliberately, not hastily, syn. c~.iJ, (T,

M,) or he paused, or waited, syn. A jtf, (]£>)
in an affair, and in consideration ; (M, K, TA ;)
he paused, and acted with deliberation. (TA.)

J«13 a.4 [meaning // requires careful, or atten-
tive, consideration, or simply it requires con-
sideration,] is a phrase [of frequent occurrence
in the larger lexicons &c, used to imply doubt,
and also to insinuate politely that the words to
which it relates arc false, or wrong,] like jiai <u»
[q. T.]. (MF in art. •JLe.)

• »«

J-l:

• »« "\

,, > sec J-l.

jj (T, S, M, Msb, S) and * jil (IJ, M, $)
and • J»»l, (^,) the first of which is an inf. n.,
accord, to IJ, (M,) and is the form commonly
known, (TA,) Hope ; syn. V^j : (S, M, $ :) or
expectation ; [or distant, or remote, expectation ;
being] mostly used in relation to that of which
the occurrence, or coming to pass, is deemed
remote : applied also to an affection of the heart
from some good to be attained : (Msb, TA : [in
both of which are further explanations, for which
see 1 :]) * <UUl, also, signifies the same as j\«l,

13 •

100

t.

(S, M, K,) or j^»0 ; (Lh, M, K ;) [or a manner
of hoping or expecting; for J adds,] and it is
like LJL and Li», : (S :) and * Ju^., like-
wise, signifies the same as J^l : (TA :) the pi.
of jj and jit and jl\ is JUT. (M,« K, TA.)
You say, aJUIj <u*w ^U. [//»'* labour, and his
hope, or expectation, mere disappointed, frus-
trated, or bathed]. (A and TA in art. v*e*»0 And
" *ifc*t J>A>I U J/on> far-reaching is his hope,
or expectation .' (T,* S, M, K :) [or his manner
o/ hoping or expecting .'] from JU*<p. (T.) __
Also, tho first, .4n o6;'«cr o/ Aop«. (Jel in
xviii. 44.)

If* * ' t •

AUI : see ^M, in two places.

J-l act. part. n. of 1 ; [Hoping : or] expecting.

(Msb.) [Seel.]
■ i a - j
J**k* One whose beneficence may be hoped for.

(tfar p. 183.) — jH$J\ The eighth of the horses
that are started togetfter in a race ; (K ;) these
being ten : (TA:) or the ninth thereof: (TA in

explanation of C ^fcjl :) or the seventh thereof.
(Ham p. 46.) ass See also J*l.

Jy»l» pass. part. n. of 1; [Hoped: or] ex-
jtected. (Msb.)

1. ^-t, (T,8,M,&c.,) aor. -, (T,Msb,K,)
inf. n. ,>il (T,S, M,Msb,K) and ,>il (Zj,M,
K) and 2A1 (M, K) and iu\ (T, 8, M, K) and
&I (T) and J,UI (M, K) [and app, ii'ul, for
it is said in the S that this is syn. with o^'.]

and o-el, an instance of an inf. n. of the measure
•
J*U, which is strange, (MF,) or this is a subst.

like ~Jlj, (M,) He was, or became, or felt,
secure, safe, or t'n a state of security or safety ;
originally, he was, or became, quiet, or tranquil,
in heart, or mind ; (Msb ;) Ae was, or became,
secure, or /rce yhw* ^Jwr ; k >«l signifying the
contr. ofJ'jL, (§,M,K,) and so lul (S) and
1 >»I [&c] : (M, K :) A* mas, or became, of felt,
free from expectation of evil, or of an object of
dislihe or hatred, in the coming time ; originally,
he was, or became, easy in mind, and free from
fear. (El-Munawee, TA.) [See ,>•!, below.]
You say also, 4-JLi ^Ji. ^iC [/ft M *wure,
or »a/e, or free from fear, for himself]. (M.)
And jJJI ,>•!, meaning The inhabitants of the
country, or district, or town, n>er« t'n a state of
security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) The
verb is trans, by itself, and by means of the
jmrticle ^ ; as in ju^l j^j ,>•! and &* ^*l
>-0)t, meaning Zeyd was, or became, or /efr,
secure from, safe from, [or free from fear of,]
the lion. (Msb.) You say also, ±y* w-J^» />•!
•j-a-1 [//« wa* secure from, or free from fear
of, the lying of him who informed him]. (M.)
And iUji» ,jyi$ ^1 (jil ^ [/ am not free from
fear of its being so ; I am not sure but that it
may be so]. (Mgh in art. Jui ; and other lexicons
passim.) And, of a strong-made she camel, c*ul

J-l — O-l

' i* »*
i>j£j jjt [/SAtf wa* wcure from, or /ree

from fear of, being weak] : (M : [in & copy of the

S C~Ut:]) and &N£ jtUJt cJul [She was
secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and
becoming jaded] : (M :) and UjUt ^j^\ [Her
stumbling was not feared]. (So in a copy of the
S.) And, of a highly-prized camel, j»~^ o' t>*'
[It was not feared that he would be slaughtered ;
or Am being slaughtered was not feared]. (M.)
[<U4> sometimes means /ie n-as, or became, free
from fear, though having cause for fear, of
him, or it; i. e. he thought himself secure, or safe,

from him, or t'f. (Seo Kur vii. 97.)]_«U*t

* »i
(inf. n. i>»l TK) [and accord, to some copies

of the £ t iL.1"] and * lul (inf. n. ^»\3 K) and
* *j» Z JI ([written with the disjunctive alif <u»il,
and] also written a^jl , on the authority of Th,
which is extr., like J^jI [&c], M) and * <U*U^I
all signify the same (M, K, TA) [He trusted,
or confided, in him ; (as also <v ^1, q. v. ;) he
intrusted him with, or confided to him, power,
authority, control, or a charge ; he gave him
charge over a thing or person : these meanings
are vaguely indicated in the M and K and TA.].

You say, a£&U OV^-i *^ cr ,u ' *~» l i [Men, or
people, trust, or confide, in him, and do not fear
his malevolence, or mischievousness]. (T, M.) And
\J£> ,i* iiol (S, Mgh,* Msb*) and * l^iil
*~lt, (§, Msb, K,) [He trusted, or confided, in
him with respect to such a thing; he intrusted
him with, or confided to him, power, autho-
rity, control, or a cliarge, over it ; he gave him
charge over it;] he made him, or <ooA Aiwi
as > O**' over * uc ^ i a thing. (Mgh.^ Hence, in
a trad., tho oi>* ' 9 sa ' ( ^ t0 oe \J+->y* > '• c -

lv«* 0&. ^ oUj^l ,J* >s&\ * <tUC [Men
trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times
in which he calls to prayer], and know, by his
calling to prayer, what they are commanded to
do, as to praying and fasting and breaking fast.
(Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [xii. 11], ili U

\J^yi ^e. Lu*U *) and [UoU] with idgham [i. e.
What aileth thee that thou dost not trust, or
confide, in us with respect to Joseph ? or, that
thou dost not give us charge over Joseph ?] ; (S ;)
meaning, why dost thou fear us for him ? (Bd ;)
some pronouncing the verb in a manner between
those of the former and the latter modes of writing
it ; but Akh says that the latter is better : (S :)

some read U»y. (Bd.) You say also, 't>*Jjl
tj^U [Such a one was trusted, or confided, in;
&c. ;] when it begins a sentence, changing the
second • into j ; in like manner as you change
it into {j when the first is with kesr, as in ti+Zjlj
and into t when the first is with fet-h, as in
^y>\. (S.) The phrase iiUI " Cx^j'j m a saying
of Mohammad, if it be not correctly iiUI >J*,
may be explained as implying the meaning of
iiUI t» ^ j.. : .,<l [He was asked to take care of a
deposite; or he was intrusted with it]. (Mgh.)
[You also say, tj£/ <u«t, meaning He intrusted
him with such a thing ; as, for instance, money

[Book I.

or other property : see two exs. in the Kur iii. 68.]
= ^1, (M, Mgh, K,) or ^l, (Msb,) inf. n.
iiUI, (M, Mgh, Msb,) He was, or became,
trusted in, or confided in : (M, K :) or he was,
or became, trusty, trustworthy, trustful, confi-
dential, or faithful : said of a man. (Mgh.)

2. <u*t, inf. n. o-oO : see 4:_ and sec also
<Uo1.=a^j-.1, inf. n. as above, also signifies He
said ,^4*1 or ,>-»l, (T, S, Msb,) after finishing

the F&tihah, (T,) or 5 UjJI ( ^i* on <Ae occasion of
the prayer, or supplication. (Ms b.)

4. ^>«l is originally ^It ; the second » being
softened. (S.) You say, *i«f, [inf. n. o^i' >3
(S, M, Mf b ;) and * iuf, [inf. n. ^*U ;] (M,
TA ;) meaning He rendered him secure, or safe ;
(Msb ;) he rendered him secure, or free from
fearu (S, M, TA;) eonrr. of «iU.I : (TA:) so
in 4U« *i~«l I rendered him secure, or safe,
from him, or ft. (Mf b.) And of God you say,
>gt o | h_» ^jl ^« »>L» ^ol [//« Aa<A rendered
his servants secure from his wronging them],
(S.) And A/IJkft ,>• »jUt (>«^[ [2f« rendereth
his servants secure from his punishment]. (M.)
You say also, jt-**$\ c~ul, meaning I gave, or
granted, O^S" ['• c. security or safety, or pro-
tection or safeguard, or *Ae promise or assurance
of security or safety, or indemnity, or ojtarfe'r,]
to <Ae captive. (Msb.) And jjjudl ^*^ J^iT
[SmcA a one granted security, tec, to the enemy],
inf. n. as above. (T.) It is said in the Kur ch. ix.
[verse 12], accord, to one reading, ^ O^' ^
TA^y Aa»e not (Ae attribute of granting protection;
meaning that when they grant protection, they do
not fulfil their engagement to protect. (T.) =
^l»j| also signifies The believing [a thing, or in a
thing, and particularly in God] ; syn. JjjuoJ ;
(T, S, Sec. ;) by common consent of the lexico-
logists and other men of science : (T :) its primary
meaning is the becoming true to the trust with
resjKct to which Ood lias confided in one, by a
firm believing with the heart ; not by profession
of belief with the tongue only, without the assent
of the heart; for he who does not firmly believe
with his heart is either a hypocrite or an ignorant
person. (T, TA.) Its verb is intruns. and trans.
(TA, from a Commentary on the Mutowwal.)
You say, ^1, meaning He believed. (T.) And
it is said to be trans, by itself, like Jjuo ; and by
means ot w>, considered as meaning *J\y^.\ [or
acknowledgment] ; and by means of J, considered
as meaning o^i' [or submission], (TA.) [Thus]
you say, [luT and] *f v >.f, (inf. n. J,UiJ, T, K,)
meaning He believed it or t'n it, (T, M, K,)
namely, a thing. (T, M.) And *bty ^f He
believed in Ood. (T.) It seems to be meant by
what is said in the Ksh [in ii. 2], that aj ±y»\ [or
<U«I] properly signifies v^jduJI <Uot [He ren-
dered him secure from being charged with lying,
or falsehood]; and that the meaning he believed
him, or t'n him, is tropical ; but this is at variance
with what its author says in the A ; and Es-Saad
says that this latter meaning is proper. (TA.)

Book I.]

i-

The phrase in the Kur [ix. 61], ^u j ^U c>?i«>
accord, to Th, means And he believeth the be-
lievers; giveth credit to tliem. (M.)— Sometimes
it is employed to signify The acknowledging with
the tongue only ; and hence, in the Kur [Ixiii. 3],
UJm* Jji \y~»\ ^j\j >lWi That is because they
acknowledged with the tongue, then disacknow-
ledged with the heart. (TA.) — Also t The
trusting, or confiding, or having trust or con-
fidence. (M, K.) [You say, «* v>«l, meaning
lie trusted, or confided, in him, or »'< : for] the
verb of oW in this sense is trans, by means of
•^t, without implication ; as Bd says. (TA.)
[And it is also trans, by itself: for] you say,
i^l»~o jljm ijl ,>ol U, meaning J lie trusted
not that he would find companions; (M,* K,*
TA ;) said of one who has formed the intention
of journeying : or the meaning is jlfb U [i. e.
he hardly, or scarcely, found &c. ; or he was not
near to finding tec.]. (M, K.) Sec also <luI. _
Also The manifesting humility or submission, and
the accepting the Law, (Zj,T,*K,) and that
which the Prophet has said or done, and the firm
believing thereof with tlte heart ; (Zj, T, M ;)
without which firm belief, the manifesting of
humility or submission, and the accepting that
which the Prophet has said or done, is termed
>^M , for which one's blood is to be spared. (T.)
[In this sense, it is trans, by means of J, accord,
to some, as shown above ; or by means of v, for,
accord, to Fci,] you say, alb c~ul, inf. n. as
above, meaning I submitted, or resigned, myself
to Ood. (Msb.) [There arc numerous other
explanations which it is needless to give, differing
according to different persuasions. — — See also
&\+i\ below.]
8 : see 1, in five places.

10. 4UU^I lie asked, or demanded, of him
^U^JI [i. e. security or safety, or protection or
safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security
or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]. (T,* Msb,

TA.) Sec also *i«l. — 4>t ,>.U_I He entered

within the pale of his ^Ul [or protection, or safe-
guard]. (S.Msb.)

• *f » i

ij*\ [an inf. n. of />•) : as a simple subst. it
' . t

signifies Security, or safety : (sec &*\ :) or]

security as meaning freedom from fear ; contr.

of JyL ; ( (S, M, K ;) as also t ^j ( Z j, M, K)

and t^l (M,K) and * ilil (S,M,K) [and

t Siil (see oJ)] and t ^ui and * ^T, (M, K,)

which last is an inf. n. of £y\ [liko the rest],

(MF,) or a subst. like Im ; (M ;) and ♦ iiUt is

•yn. with 0**'» (?>) both "■ these signifying
security, or safety, and freedom from fear : (PS:)
or y>4l signifies freedon. from expectation of
evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the
coming time; originally, ease of mind, and free-
dom from fear. (El-Muniiwec, TA.) You say,
{y»\ ,j» C-il [Thou art in a state of security],

(T, M,) illi cy* [from that] ; and t ^Uf ^
signifies the same ; (T ;) and so * 1 >«T .J. (M.)
And UW " &Ut, in the Kur [iii. 148], means

Security (lul) [and rf«mi«r]. (8.) t^lil also
signifies Protection, or safeguard : and [very
frequently] a promise, or an assurance, of security
or safety ; indemnity ; or quarter : in Pers. »U>
and jLjj : (KL:) syn. Jl. (K in art. Jl.) You
say, v <uUt .«» <J*0 [-^« entered within the pale
of his protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) [And
<d>\ * O^*' iV v>^ "Bi <Aom in the protection, or
safeguard, of God.] And " O^' <£**»*l [i
(/are, or granted, to him security or safety, or
protection or safeguard, or tfa promise or assu-
rance o/ security or safety, or indemnity, or
quarter] ; namely, a captive. (Msb.) And y«*»
* cA**^' *""• [■"* asked, or demanded, of him
security or safety, or protection or safeguard,
Sec, as in the next preceding ex.]. (Msb, TA.)
— tut in the Kur ii. 119 means j>»l li [Pos-
sessed of security or so/ety] : (Aboo-Is-h&k, M :)
or ry»\ *-oy> [a place of security or safety; like
U»U]. (Bd.) __ See also £ptt, — You say also,
ill*! ^>-*-t U, and ▼ ilLcl, meaning How good
is thy religion! and thy natural disposition! (M,K.)

t • • •(

iIja\ : see ^>«l.

• *! • •* «

t>»l : see ^>»l, first and last sentences.

t>»t: see ,j^1 Also, (K, [there said to be

like uui,]) or ▼ ,>*1, (M, [so written in a copy
of that work,)] Asking, or demanding, or seeking,
protection, in order to be secure, or safe, or free
fromfear, for himself: (M,K:)sosaysIAar. (M.)

«'• * •(

iiol : sec t>«l.

*"• * ** .

<Uol : see i ^ol, in two places : __ and see also

•' '*

iDUI. = Also A man who trusts, or confides, in

every one ; (T, S, M ;) and so * <U«I : (S :) and
who believes in everything that he hears; who
disbelieves in nothing : (Lh, T :) or in whom men,
or people, trust, or confide, and whose malevolence,
or mischievousness, they do not fear : (T, M :) and

V <u«l signifies trusted in, or confided in ; [like

^>e«l ;] and by rule should be iul, because it has
the meaning of a pass. part. n. [like iijO and
A^,o and SiJU &c. (see iuU)] : (M :) or both
signify one in whom every one trusts, or confides,
in, or with respect to, everything. (K.)_Sce

also ^->t.

t-.l *.,t

jLul : see <u«l, in two places.

• , ■ • •» . .

jjUl : see ^>«l, in seven places.

Or°'> applied to a she camel, of the measure

Jy*i in the sense of the measure iiyuu,, like

• *• ,*r' ••

w >>-a* and w»>^-> \ Trusted, or confided, in;

(T ;) firmly, compactly, or strongly, made ; (T,

S, M, K ;) secure from, or /re* yrow ^ear o/*,

2>etn>7 treaA .* (S, M :) also, that is secure from,

or /)•«« .//wn fear of, stumbling, and becoming

jaded : (M :) or strong, so that her becoming

languid is not feared: (A, TA:) pi. ^I. (M,
K.) [See also what next follows.]

l ^ e *l Trusted; trusted in; confided in; (T,*

S,*M,Msb,*K;) as also ▼£,£{; (8, M,K;)

i. q. t * jL (S, M, K) and t *J& : (I8k, T,

101

K :) [a person in whom one trusts or confides ; a
confidant ; a person intrusted with, or to whom
is confided, power, authority, control, or a charge,
^_i jJ* over a thing ; a person intrusted with
an affair, or with affairs, i.e., with the manage-
ment, or disposal, thereof; a confidential agent,
or superintendent; a commissioner ; acommissary;
a trustee; a depositary;] a guardian: (TA :)
trusty ; trustworthy ; trustful ; confidential ;
faithful: (Mgh, Msb:*) pi. iUil, and, accord,
to some, * ii«l, as in a trad, in which it is said,
^JU") <U*I ^U—ol, meaning My companions
are guardians to my people : or, accord, to others,
this is pi. of t ,>*l [app. in a sense mentioned
below in this paragraph, so that the meaning in
this trad, is my companions are persons who
accord trust, or confidence, to my people]. (TA.)
Hence,

[JTno7»e«« Mow not, O Asmd (.l*-l, curtailed for
the sake of the metre), mercy on thee ! or woe to
thee ! that I have sworn an oath that I will not
act treacherously to him in whom I trust ?] i. e.
t iyy»U : (S :) or the meaning here is, him wlio
trusts, or confides, in me; (ISk, T;) [i.e.] it is
here syn. with • ^»\. (M.) [Hence also,]
jC*11 u* Chr»^», (K voce J*4-i, &c.,) or ,>•!,
jC*)l, [2%« person who is intrusted, as deputy,
with the disposal of the arrows in the game called
j lJ\; or] he who shuffles the arrows; ^JJI.
— IjJUL) «_>ij. (EM p. 105.) [Hence also,]

T « ' t i

Oe*^' r-jy [31« Trusted, or Trusty, Spirit] ;
(Kur xxvi. 193 ;) applied to Gabriel, because he
is intrusted with the revelation of God. (Bd.)
▼ ^Ul, mentioned above, and occurring in a verse
of El-Aasha, applied to a merchant, is said by
some to mean Possessed of religion and excellence.
(M.) ♦ Lx-'V is applied, in a trad., to the ^jVy>,
as meaning that men trust, or confide, in him
with respect to the times in which he calls to
prayer, and know by his call what they are com-
manded to do as to praying and fasting and

breaking fast. (Mgh.) 8J U U«H T £)y\+ yk
means He is [trusty, or trustworthy, in dealing
with others ; or] free from exorbitance and deceit
or artifice or craft to be feared. (Msb.) _ .in
aid, or assistant ; syn. ^o [here app. meaning,
as it often does, an armed attendant, or a guard] ;
because one trusts in his strength, and is without
fear of his being weak. (M.) — t The strong ;
syn. ^jy . (K, TA : [in the latter of which is
given the same reason for this signification as is
given in the M for that of Q** ; for which i<J
may be a mistranscription ; but see 0>*'-]) —
One who trusts, or confides, in another; (ISk, T,
K;) [as also ~ \J*\, of which see an ex. voce j iis»|]
so accord, to ISk in the verse cited above in this
paragraph : (T :) thus it bean two contr. signifi-
cations. (K.)_ See also o-«'> m ^ ve placet.
am And see i>c<*l«

102

•'.'' * ••

iiul : see ^>*l, first sentence. __ Trustiness;

trustworthiness ; trustfulness ; faithfulness ; fide-
lity; (M f Mgh, £;) as also * lu\. (M, K.)

i? i'.'t .. " i — " '% ' il '

itll AiUI [for .-«-J 4il iiUt or ^ >4r -il U The

faithfulness of Ood is my oath or that by which
I swear] is composed of an inf. n. prefixed to the
agent, and the former is in the nom. case as an
inchoative ; the phrase being like <u)l j«JJ, as
meaning an oath ; and the enunciative being sup-
pressed, and meant to be understood : accord, to
some, you say, aDI iiUI [app. for M JUUt Jsjjlj
I adjure t/iee, or conjure thee, by the faithfulness
of Ood, or the lihe], making it to be governed in
the accus. case by the verb which is to be under-
stood : and some correctly say, M iiUlj [By the
faithfulness of Ood], with the ^ which denotes
an oath : (Mgh :) or this last is an oath accord,
to Aboo-Hanccfch ; but Esh-Shafi'ee does not
reckon it as such : and it is forbidden in a trad, to
swear by iiU^t ; app. because it is not one of
the names of God. (TA.) [Or these phrases may
have been used, in the manner of an oath, agree-
ably with explanations here following.] = A
thing committed to the trust and care of a person ;
a trust ; a dejwsite ; (Mgh, Msb ;) and the lihe :
(Msb :) property committed to trust and care :
(TA :) pi. oUtif. (Mgh, Ms b.) It is said in the
ELur [viii. 27], _>JUUl \y>pS$ [Nor be ye
unfaithful to the trusts committed to you]. (Mgh.)
And in the same [xsxiii. 72], ^c iiU^I CLo^e Ul

o**m K*+** o' o*« JW^b ufSH* oi > —ji

* r • Wt0 00 *m

^L-iNl tyJL^tfc j l^u [Verily we proposed, or
offered, the trust which we have committed to
man to the heavens and the earth and the moun-
tains, and (accord, to explanations of Bd and
others) they refused to take it upon themselves, or
to accept it, and they feared it, but man took il
upon himself, or- accepted it : or, (accord, to
another explanation of Bd, also given in the. T,
and in the El in art. J+*»-, See.,) they refused to
be unfaithful to it, and they feared it, but man
was unfaithful to it : but in explaining what this
trust was, authors greatly differ : accord, to some,]
iiU^JI here means obedience; so called because
the rendering thereof is incumbent: or the obedience
which includes that which is natural and that
which depends upon the will : [for] it is said that
when God created these [celestial and terrestrial]
bodies, He created in them understanding : or it
may here [and in some other instances] mean
reason, or intellect : [and the faculty of volition :
and app. conscience : these being trusts committed
to us by God, to be faithfully employed : (see an
ex. voce jjut- :)] and the imposition of a task or
duty or of tasks or duties [app. combined with
reason or intellect, which is necessary for the
performance thereof] : (Bd :) or it here means
prayei-s and other duties for the performance of
which there is recompense and for the neglect of
which there is punishment : (Jel :) or, accord, to
I 'Ab and Sa'ced Ibn-Jubeyr, (T,) the obligatory
statutes which Ood has imposed upon his servants :
(T,E.:») or, (T, E.,) accord, to Ibn-'Omar, [the
choice between] obedience and disobedience was
offered to Adam, and he was informed of the
recompense of obedience and the punishment of

disobedience : but, in my opinion, he says, (T,)
it here means tlie intention which one holds in the
Iteart, (T,EL,) with respect to the belief which lie
professes with the tongue, and with respect to all
the obligatory statutes which he externally fulfils;
(XL;) because God has confided to him power
over it, and not manifested it to any [other] of his
creatures, so that he who conceives in his mind,
with respect to the acknowledgment of the unity
of God, (T, EL,) and with respect to belief [in
general], (T,) the like of that which he professes,
he fulfils the iiUI [or trust], (T, EL,) and he who
conceives in his mind disbelief whilo he professes
belief with the tongue is unfaithful thereto, and
every one who is unfaithful to that which is con-
fided to him is [termed] J-U-, (T,) or J*U.
iU% and VtjiLi : (Bd :) and by ^Ci^\ is
here meant the doubting disbeliever. (T.)__
Also, [as being a trust committed to him by God,
A man's] family, or household; syn. JaI. (TA.)

• si • (

i^UI : see ^>^>1, in two places. = Also One
who does not tvrite ; as though he were (<ul£> [in
the CEL *fy because he is]) an ^>\. (K, TA.)
[But this belongs to art. j>\ ; being of the measure
0^**» I'k® OW 6 -] — And A sower, or culti-
vator of land; [perhaps meaning a clown, or
boor;] syn. oljj : (CEL:) or sowers, or cultivators

» ■ Sj

of land; syn. eljj : (EL, TA:) in one copy of the
E. £ljj. (TA.)

• -

v>«l Secure, safe, or free from fear ; as also

t ^tJ (Lh, T,» $,• M, Msb, K) and * J^l. (M,

EL) Hence, in the Kur [xcv.3], ^O**^ 1 JJUHjJkj
[And this secure town] ; (Akli, Lh, T, S, M ;)
meaning Mekkeh. (M.) v >«l jJL/ and t ^^t
means A town, or country, or district, of which
the inhabitants are in a state of security, or con-
fidence, therein. (Msb.) It is also said in the
Eur [xhv. 51], T t>*l >»U* ,_,* v >i^l ^1,
meaning [Verily tlie pious shall be t'» an abode]
w/ierein they shall be secure from the accidents,
or casualties, of fortune. (M.) [And hence,]
'Os-o^l is one of the epithets applied to God,
(Mgh, K,) on the authority of El- Hasan ; (Mgh ;)
an assertion requiring consideration : it may mean
He who is secure with respect to the accidents, or
casualties, of fortune: but see ^>»^JI, which is
[well known as] an epithet applied to God. (TA.)
JW v>«l means What is secure from being
slaughtered, of the camels, because of its being
highly prized; by JUI being meant J^NI : or,
as some say, I what is highly esteemed, of property
of any kind; as though, if it had intellect, it
would feel secure from being exchanged. (M.)
You say, ,JU ^t &+ '<£&$, (E!,TA. [in the
CEL »>*'>]) meaning \ I gave him of the choice,
or best, of my property; of what was highly
esteemed thereof; (E, TA ;) and ^U * i >d) ^y.,
which Az explains as meaning of the choice, or
best, of my property. (TA: [in which is given
a verse cited by ISk showing that ,j»ol, thus used,
is not a mistranscription for i>ol.]) And^IaJt ^1
means Steadfast in forbearance or clemency ; of

[Book I.

whose becoming disordered in temper, and free
from self-restraint, there is no fear. (M.) __

See also ,j>~ot, in three places : and sec r>* I.

' • •«
as See also ^>-ol, in two places.

&c*\ [in the CE!, erroneously, i>«»l] and

f Ot*tj (Th, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K ;) both
chaste and well known, (TA,) tlie latter of the
dial, of El-Hijdz, (Msb, TA,) as some say, (TA,)
[and this, though the less common, is the original
form, for] the medd in the former is only to give
fulness of sound to tlie fet-hah of the I, (Th, M,
Msb, TA,) as is shown by the fact that there
is no word in the Arabic language of the measure
J-ct> ; (Msb, TA ;) and some pronounce the
former £>«*lj (K,) which is said by some of the
learned to be a dial, van, (Msb,) but this is a
mistake, (S, Msb,) accord, to authorities of good
repute, and is one of old date, originating from
an assertion of Ahmad Ibn-Yahya, [i. e. Th,]
that j^s*! is like l ^>^le J by which he was falsely
supposed to mean its having the form of a pi.,
[and being consequently 1| >-»I,] (Msb, [and part
of this is said in tlie M,]) whereas ho thereby
only meant that the j. is without teshdeed, like
the yjo in i>-eU ; (M ;) beside that the sense
of (XJ-eli [which is that of ,>-o1, from J»l,]
would be inconsistent after the last phrase of tlie
first chapter of the Eur [where i >-«l is usually
added] ; (Msb ;) and sometimes it is pronounced
with imiilch, [i. c. " emccna,"] as is mid by El-
Wahidco in the Beseet; (E.;) but this is un-
known in works on lexicology, and is said to be
a mispronunciation of some of the Arabs of tlie
desert of El-Ycmcn : (MF :) each form is indccl.,
(S,) with fot-h for its termination, like ^1 and
ij^=>, to prevent the occurrence of two quiescent
letters together : (T, S, TA :) it is a word used
immediately after a prayer, or supplication : (S,*
M :) [it is best expressed, when occurring in a
translation, by the familiar Hebrew equivalent
Amen :] El-Farisce says that it is a roinpouinl
of a verb and a noun ; (M ;) meaning anxwer
Thou me ; [i. e. answer Thou my prayer ;] (M,
Mgh ;•) or O Ood, answer Thou : (Zj, T, Msb,
Ijt:) or so be it: (AHat, S, Msb,K:) or so do Thou,
(EL, TA,) Lord: (TA:) it is strangely asserted
by some of the learned, that, after the Fatihah,
[or Opening Chapter of die E ur -** n >] it is a prayer
which implies all that is prayed for in detail in
tlie Fatihah : so in the Towshcch: (MF:) or
it is one of the names of God : (M, Msb, EL :)
so says El-Hasan (M, Msb) El-Basrce: (Msb:)
but the assertion that it is for S\ C [O God],
and that w^-l [answer Thou] is meant to be
understood, is not correct accord, to the lexico-
logists ; for, were it so, it would bo with refa,
not nasb. (T.)

« ^

0^*i\ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. __ Used as a simple

subst, Belief; particularly tn Ood, and in his
word and apostles $c. : faith : trust, or con-
fidence: kc.] — Sometimes it means Prayer;
syn. S*$-e : as in the E«"" [»• 138], where it is
said,J£JUit '^3 'M ol=> Uj, (Bd, Jel,TA,)
i. e. [Ood will not make to be lost] your prayer

Book I.]

towards Jerusalem, (Bd,» Jcl,) as some explain
it. (Bd.) Sometimes, also, it is used as mean-
ing Tlie law brought by tlie Prophet. (Er-Rlghib,
TA.)

j>eU A place of security or safely or freedom
from fear ; or wliere one feels secure. (M, TA.)

*±yty» pass. part. n. of luT. (T.) It is said
in the l£ur [iv. 96], accord, to one reading, (T,
M,) that of Aboo-Jaafar El-Medenee, (T,) C— J
\l«|i [Thou art not granted security, or safety,
&c. ; or] we will not grant thee security, &c.
(T,M.)»

0-4* [act. part. n. of 4; Rendering secure,
&c.]. 0*'y}- is an epithet applied to God;
meaning He who rendereth mankind secure from
his wronging them : (T, S :) or He who rendereth
his servants secure from his punisliment : (M,
IAth :) i. q. OyevX (M,) which is originally
0*\$J- ; [for the form Jj«1» is originally J»iy»;]
the second • being softened, and changed into ^,
and the first being changed into » : (S :) or the
Believer of his savants (Th, M,TA) tlie Muslims,
on the day of resurrection, wlien the nations shall
be interrogated respecting tlie messages of their
apostles : (TA :) or He wlto mill faithfully per-
form to his servants what He hath promised
them : (T, TA :) or lie who liath declared in his
word the truth of his unity. (T.) — [Also Be-
lieving, or a believer; particularly in God, and
in his word and apostles fyc. : faithful : trusting,
or confiding : &.c. : sec 4.]
• *t.

o>* u

A woman whose like is sought after and eagerly
retained because of her valuable qualities. (M.)

2JJy«U A certain hind of food; so called in
relation to El-Ma-moon. (TA.)

i>»j>« : sec 0«**> in two places.

sec o**'* in three planes ioytX*

1. *J, oor. - , inf. n. lit, He forgot. (S,?L.)
Hence the reading of I 'Ab, [in the £ur xii. 46,]
4u1 jji'i j£*>\j [And he remembered, or became
reminded, after forgetting]. (S.) AHeytli is said
to have read <ul jjv; find accord, to AO, **l

f »* • %0%

signifies oW [^ e **'] > hut this is not correct.
(Az, TA.)_J/« confessed, or acknowledged:
(§,$:) occurring in this sense in a trad, of
Ez-Zuhree ; but not well known. (S.) The read-
ing of I 'Ab, mentioned above, 4*1 ju«v, is
explained by A 'Obeyd as meaning after confes-
sing, or acknowledging. (TA.)

5. Ul 4*0 He adopted a mother; (M,K;)

as also V*Ili (M in art. >».)
,,zl SI

fy0.\ i. q. j>\ [A mother of a human being and

of any animal] : (M, $ :) the former is [said
by some to be] the original of the latter : (S :)
Aboo-Bekr says that the * in the former is a
radical letter: (TA:) or the former applies to a
rational creature; and the latter, to [a rational
and] an irrational : (K :) or, accord, to Az, the
pi. of the former applies to the rational ; and
that of the latter, to the irrational : (TA :) the

O*' — o'

former sing, sometimes applies to an irrational

creature : (IJ, TA :) [for some further remarks

on both of these words and their pis., sec the

• 0*1
latter of them :] the pi. [of the former] is C»V»I

and [that of the latter is] 1>£\ : (T, S :) Az says
that the » is added in the former for the purpose
of distinguishing between the daughters of Adam
[to whom it is generally applied] and other animate
beings. (TA.)

**»

1. »L*t, (S,* M, K, [in the CK, erroneously,
0-»t,]) second pers. 0>«t ; (S ;) and <i«e-»l, (M,
£,) like 1^ ; ($' ;) and O^il, (Lh, M, $,)

like cJ»>£» ; (K ;) inf. n. %it ; (S, M, K ;)
She (a woman) became a slave ; (S,* M, ]£ ;) as

also "c~«U. (Msb.)a=j^i— II C-*l, aor. ytM,

inf. n. JU1, The cat [mewed, or] uttered a cry ;
(S,$;) like OiU, aor. i'£i, inf. n. *&. (S.)

2. Uli{, (M, K,) inf. n. L.U, ($,) He made
her a slave. (M, K.)

5. CwiQ : see 1. = «Ut ^U He took for him-
self a female slave ; (S, M, Msb, K ;) a* also

tliuult. (S,£.)

8. <u lc»5C *» He follows /ft* (another person's)
example ; imitates him ; i. q. *t j£\t. (TA in
the present art.) And *^i\* lkJ v^\ [written with
the disjunctive alif j^^jl] is used for <*u >e ljt
[lie made the thing to be a rule of life or conduct],
by substitution [of ^j for >], (M and K in
art. jt\,) the doubling [of thc>»] being disap-
proved. (M in that art.)

10 : see 5.

i«l, originally iy>\, (Msb,) [but whether iy»\
or iy*\ is disputed, as will be seen in what follows,]
A female slave ; (M, ]£ ;) a woman whose con-
dition is that of slavery ; (T ;) contr. of tj*. :
(S :) [in relation to God, best rendered a hand-
maid .] dual o&' : (Msb:) pl.>T, (Lth,T,S,
M, Msb, ]£, &c.,) like ^iV, (Msb,) a pi. of pauc.
[respecting which see what follows after the other
pis.], (Lth, T,) and *Ut [the most common form]
(T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and o&\ (T, S, M,
Msb, K) and o'>*' 0S-> an d so in some copies
of the M) and \j\y»\ (K, and so in some copies
of the M) [the last, or last but one, accord, to
different copies of the M, on the authority of
Lh,] and Cj1>«I, (M, Msb, K,) for which one
may say oUI. (Ibn-Keys&n, TA.) Accord, to
Sb (M) and Mbr (TA) it is originally Yy\, (S,
M, K,) because it has for a pi. jA, (S, M,) which

is [originally y*\\,] of the measure J*»l, (Lth,
T,S,) like^*>T, pi. of l^>\, (8b, M,) and like
ijiA, [pi. of i»U, which is originally iiy ,] for a
sing, of the measure 2Xai has not a pi. of this
form ; (S ;) and Mbr says that there is no noun
of two letters but a letter has been dropped from
it, which it indicates by its pi. or dual, or by
a verb if it is derived therefrom : (TA :) or it is
originally iU* : (AHeytli, T, £ :) AHeyth says

103

that they suppressed its final radical letter, and,
forming a pi. from it after the manner of iU^i
and J^-i, instead of saying jA, which they dis-
liked as being of only two letters, they transposed
the suppressed j, changing it into I, and placing
it between the I and j.. (T : [in which this
opinion, though it does not account for the termi-
nation of the pi. J\, is said to be preferable.])
One says, <2i\ Jut ,VjJV [T/te handmaid of God

*^" \0* "I m~*

came to me] : and in the dual, all U«t ^j^JiU. :

% 0, 0*0 0*0 • 0* * •

and in the pi., <uil iUI (V'V an d «bl OW a,ul
<o)l ol^ol ; and one may also say, <&■ OUI.

(Ibn-Keysdn, TA.) [ISd says,] ji» o- ii)T *UJ

*t ' *
jafjt-t <UI is mentioned by IAar as said in im-
precating evil on a man ; but I think it is J£a ^y.
C~oJ [May God cast a stone at him from every
elevated place, or the like]. (M.)

S .1

l£j*t Of, or relating or belonging to, a female

slave. (S.)

alol dim. ofi»); (S, Msb;) originally *^~o1.
(Msb.)

o«

st i * t * 'I ,

1. ,j1, aor. ijij, inf. n. v ^il and ^lil (S, M,

Msb, K) and ^ (?, K) and tf, (M, ^,) He
moaned; or uttered a moan, or moaning, or pro-
longed voice of complaint; or said, Ah! syn.
»jU ; (M, K ;) by reason of pain : (S, TA :) Ac
complained by reason of disease or pain : (TA :)
he uttered a cry or cries : (Msb :) said of a man.

(S, Msb.) yj*y>M '^■r aor. s ji\J, inf. n. ^1,

The bom made a gentle and prolonged sound.
(AHn, M.) s=JU-i ;UJI J^ C»l U iJUi'f ^
means I will not do it as long as there is a star
in tlie heaven : (S, M, K. :) ,j1 being here a dial,
var. of r>e.. (S.) You say also, OUJI ui^tli
ijiai As long as there is a drop in the Euphrates.
(T, S.) And i<Ja sUJI ^i ,jl U lUi'l <^ [I will
not do it as long as tliere is rain in the heaven],
(S.) [It is said in the M that Lh mentions the
last two sayings ; but it is there indicated that he
read SjLi and >U^ : and] ISk mentions tlie saying,
C13 sUJI ,j* of U ISift % (T, M,) and o* U
^tf.:> »C-JI ,«i; (T;) [in tlie former of which,

01 must be a particle (which see below) ; but it

seems that it should rather be o' > in this case, as

ISd thinks ; for he says,] I know not for what

reason o' ' B here with fet-h, unless a verb be

* 0' * *
understood before it, as c~j or j*>^ : [and he

, 0' 00 ' % fl t

adds,] Lh mentions -*i\fU J^aJl Jiii o' ^* [ a *
long as that mountain is in its place] : and o' l*
AJ\iZo i\j»- [as long as Mount Hird is in its place] :
but he does not explain these sayings. (M.)

Ol is a pronoun, denoting the speaker, [I, masc.
and fem.,] in the language of some of the Arabs :

they say, OJbtf o 1 i* <**<*]> witn the O quiescent :
but most of them pronounce it [▼ oU w ith fet-h
when conjoined with a following word ; (Mugh-

nee,l£;) saying, oJii o' : (TA:) and [tuf]
with I in a case of pause : (Mughnee, K. :) and

104

*<>me pronounce it with I also when it is conjoined
with a following word ; saying, cJjii Ul ; [as we
generally find it written in books;] but this is of
a bad dialect: (TA:) [this last assertion, however,
requires consideratioij ; for the dial, here said to
be bad is that of Temeem, accord, to what here
follows :] the Basrces hold that the pronoun con-
sists of the . and the o» and that the [final] I is
redundant, because it is suppressed in a case of
conjunction with a following word ; but the
Koofees hold that the pronoun is composed of all
the three letters, because the I is preserved in a
case of conjunction with a following word in the
dial, of Temeem. (Marginal note in a copy of
the Mughnec.) [Accord, to Az,] it is best to say
* Ul in a case of pause ; and ♦ ^1 in a case of
conjunction with a following word, as in slJUi £j\
Jli [/ did that] ; but some of the Arabs say,
JJIi C m im " Ul ; and some make the ^ quiescent
in a case of this kind, though this is rare, saying,

• » i ft| » I ■» o

-*"i C~V* O' [■* • M, '<* ****] J an d J£ ud a'ah prolong
the former I, saying, a& * ,j\. (T.) [Accord, to
J,] v lit is a pronoun denoting the speaker alone,
and is made to end invariably with fct-h to dis-
tinguish it from the particle ,jl which renders the
aor. mansoob ; the final I being for the purpose of
showing what is the vowel in a case of pause ; but
when it occurs in the middle [or beginning] of a
sentence, it is dropped, except in a bad dialect.
(8.) [Accord, to ISd,] f ^1 is a noun denoting
the speaker ; and in a case of pause, you add I at
the end, [saying tut,] to denote quiescence ; (M;)
[or] it is better to do this, though it is not always
done : (TA :) but it is said, on the authority of
Kfr, that there are five dial. vara, of this word ;
namely, cJ& ? ^1, and * Ul, and ♦ J\, and J,f,
and ▼ *>l, all mentioned by IJ ; but there is some
weakness in this : IJ says that the • in t lii may
be a substitute for the I in Ul, because the latter
ia the more usual, and the former is rare;
or it may be added to show what is the vowel,
like the I, and be like the • in «tfU£» and
*~A-— - (M.) For the dual, as well as the pi.,

only ^>J is used. (Ai, TA.) It is also a

pronoun denoting the person addressed, or spoken
to, by assuming the form t «£Jl [Thou, masc] ;
O being added to it as the sign of the person
addressed, (8, M, Mughnee, K,) and ,j\ being
the pronoun, (M, Mughnee, K,) accord, to the
general opinion; (Mughnee, £ ;) the two be-
coming as one; not that one is prefixed to the
other as governing it in the gen. case : (S :) and
•0 *wJI, (S,M, Mughnee, K,) addressed to the
female : (S, M :) and * CiSt, (M, Mughnee, K,)
addressed to two; not a' regular dual,- for were it
so it would be i^Uil; but like \^&» in U^j-i :
(M :) and tjal and * £2?, (S, Mughnee, K,)
which are [respectively] the masc. and fem. pis.
(TA.)_To each of these the j) of comparison is
sometimes prefixed ; so that you say, * ut& cJ\
[Thou art like me, or a$ I], and t cJtfe Ul [or

CJlfe o' ' <"» '»'*« thee, or at thou]; as is
related on the authority of the Arabs ; for though
the J of comparison is not prefixed to the [affixed]

pronoun, and you say, j^jSs c«J. but not .j-fecJl,
yet the separate pronoun is regarded by them as
being in the same predicament as the noun ; and
therefore the prefixing it to the latter kind of
pronoun is approved. (S.) It is said in the Book
of J-gJ, by IKh, that there is no such phrase, in
the language of the Arabs, as .,& cJ\. nor as
•ii& Ul, except in iwo forged verses ; wherefore
Sb says that the Arabs, by saying , JlL c«il and
«iU~» Ul, have no need of saying ^Ja c~il and
«ili» Ul : and the two verses are these :

[And but for the seme of shame, we had been like
them, or as they : and but for trial, or affliction,
they had been like us, or as me] : and

* <j\ ' .m Wa' » jfUi\ ^ LJl •

[If thou art like me, or as I, verily I am like
thee, or as thou, in respect of her, or it, or them :
verily we, in respect of blame, are companions],
(TA.) Az mentions his having heard some of the
Benoo-Suleym say, ^i\ U£>, [the latter word
being a compound of the pronoun wJI, regularly
written separately, and the affixed pronoun .-i,]
meaning Wait thou for me in thy place. (TA.)
= It is also a particle : and as such, it is — First,
a particle of the kind called ^jjj^a*, rendering
the aor. mansoob : (Mughnee, IS. :) i. e., (TA,)
it combines with a verb [in this case] in the future
[or aor.] tense, following it, to form an equivalent
to an inf. n., and renders it mansoob ; (S, TA :)
you say, jtyj ^| j^| [J desire tltat thou stand,
or that thou wouldst stand, or that thou mayest
stand] ; meaning jUUi Jl^I [/ desire thy stand-
ing]. (8.) It occurs in two places : first, in that
of the inchoative, or in the beginning of a phrase,
so that it is in the place of a nom. case ; as in the
saying [in the Kur ii. 180], J^i *^L t^Jj Ji^
[And that ye fast is better for you] ; (Mughnee,
K «• e- J£&f [your fasting]. (TA.) And,
secondly, after a word denoting a meaning which
is not that of certainty: and thus it is in the place
of a nom. case ; as in the saying [in the Kur

[Book I.

certain of the Benoo-Sabbah of Dabbeh ; (Mugh-
nee ;) as in this verse :

• UUI oW.? Jtf Ujj* u l>t •

• yi—J JS-a)l U5U ^1 ,J\ lyW •

[When we went away in the morning, the youths
of our family, or people, said, Come ye, until that
the chase come to us, (i. e. «>»ff7 the coming of the
chase to us,) let us collect firewood]. (Mughnee,
If.) And sometimes it is followed by an aor. of
the marfooa form ; as in the saying [in the Kur
ii. 233], accord, to the reading of Ibn-Moheysin,

-•.'2 £ > • I *l ft #

l»U>yi j£j m ^>l iljl ij+i [For him who desireth

that he may complete the time of sucking; i. e. the

completing thereof] ; (Mughnec, K ;) but this is

anomalous, (I 'Ak p. 101, and TA,) or J,f is here

II tit

a contraction of ^1 [for ej\] : (I 'Ak :) and in the

saying of the poet,

• U^.w^ ;u-i ,J*. ^\jij ^i •
. i » • »

i .. «m * JJ '> '* * ' *S s.» * 2 %m m

[Hath not the time that their hearts should be-
come submissive, i. e. the time of their hearts'
becoming submissive, yet come unto those wlto have
believed ?] : and in the place of an atrtis. case ; as
in the saying [in the JjLur x. 38], I j* ^j\£» Ui
\£r*i O' Olr*" [And this Kur-An is not such
that it might be forged; i.e., jfcaf; so in Bd
and Jel ; and so in a marginal note to a copy of
the Mughnee, where is added, meaning (jj^U
forged] : and in the place of a gen. case ; as in
the saying [in the £ur lxili. 10], /j(j 'J\ JJ A*

^>^ j & >* » \ [Before that death come unto any
one of you ; i. e. before death's coming unto any
one of you]. (Mughnee, £•) Sometimes it makes
the aor. to be of the mejzoom form, (Mughnee,
K,) as some of the Koofees and AO have men-
tioned, and as Lh has stated on the authority of

[TlMt ye two convey, or communicate, to Asmd,
(mercy on you ! or woe to you .') from me, salu-
tation, and tluxt ye inform not any one] ; but the
Koofees assert that ,^1 is here [in the beginning
of the verse] a contraction of ,jl, and anomalously
conjoined with the verb; whereas the Basrces
correctly sny that it is ,jl which renders the aor.
mansoob, but is deprived of government by its

being made to accord with its co-ordinate U,

*****
termed 2jjjua« ; (Mughnee ;) or, as IJ says, on

# i
the authority of Aboo-'Alce, ,jl is here used by

poetic licence for U&I; and the opinion of the
Baghdadees [and Bnsrecs], that it is likened to
U, and therefore without government, is impro-
bable, because ^1 is not conjoined with a verb in
the present tense, but only with the preterite and
the future. (M.) When it is suppressed, the aor.
may be either mansoob or marfooa ; but the latter
is the better ; as in the saying in the Kur
[xxxix. 64], jl,*I ^ijM M j^i\ [Oilier than
Ood do ye bid me worship ?]. (S.) If it occurs
immediately before a preterite, it combines with
it to form an equivalent to an inf. n. relating to
past time ; being in this case without government:
you say, c-»» o' ( jj' ^- r l [It pleased me that
thou stoodest] ; meaning thy standing that is past
pleased me : (S :) and thus it is used in the saying
[in the £ur xxviii. 82], t£U <&7 J>i jjl "-j£»
[Were it not for that Ood conferred favour upon
us; i. e.,for God's having conferred favour upon
us]. (Mughnee.) -It is also conjoined with an
imperative ; as in the phrase mentioned by 8b.
je* Ov *y} •» : ■ :"'*> [I wrote to him, Stand; i. e.
JT wrote to him the command to stand] ; which
shows that AHei is wrong in asserting that when-
ever it is conjoined with an imperative it is an
explicative [in the sense of \jp], and that in this
particular instance the ^> may be redundant,
which it cannot here be, because, whether re-
dundant or not, it is not put immediately before
anything but a noun or what may be rendered by
a noun. (Mughnee.) — Secondly, it is a con-

Book I.]

i l

traction of &\ ; (Mughnee, K ;) and occurs after
a verb denoting certainty, or one used in a manner
similar to that of such a verb : (Mughnee :) so in
the saying [in the Kur lxxiii. 20], o£f O' >•**
tf&j* jjii* [He knoweth that (the case will be
this :) there will be among you some diseased; the
affixed pronoun t, meaning O*-"* heing under-
stood after ^1, which therefore stands for *il, 1. e.
^U)»0'] : (Mughnee, 5 :*) and in the phrase,

i j£>j \±s> &\£» Ji o' \j*& I 11 hat eome to m y

knowledge, or been related to me, or been told to
me, or »'* came to my knowledge, &c, that (the
case is this :) such and such things have been] ; a
phrase of this kind, in which ,jl occurs with a
verb, not being approved without Si, unless you
say, I ji.; I ji. J& «ff l^' : ( Lth » T t for ]
when the contracted ^t has for its predicate a
verbal proposition, of which the verb is neither
imperfectly inflected, like J-gJ and v _ 5 -«, nor
expressive of a prayer or an imprecation, it is
separated from the verb, according to the more
approved usage, by ji, or the prefix ^, or *Jy~>,
or a negative, as "^ &c, or f : (I 'Ak pp. 100
and 101 :) but when its predicate is a nominal
proposition, it requires not a separation ; so that
you say, Jjli j*'j &\ »£»*J* [J knew that (the
case was this :) Zcyd was standing] ; (I ' Ak p. 100 ;)

and «^U. jkjj L>* l5^ t** ha * come t0 m &
knowledge, or been related to me, or been told to
me, &c, that (the case is this :) Zeyd is going, or
coming, out, or foith] ; (TA ;) except in the case
of a negation, as- in the saying in the Kur [xi. 17],
yk S)t *il "^ o'i [And that (the case is this :)
there'is no deity but He]. (I 'Ak p. 100.) Thus
used, it is originally trilitcral, and is also what is
termed <u . JJui ; [&\ jj*, in the first of the exs.
above, for instance, meaning *il jj*, i. e. ,jl jjs.

&\2i\, which is equivalent to ,jUJ! 0^» J^f »]

and governs the subject in the accus. case, and

the predicate in the nom. "case: and its subject

must be a pronoun, suppressed, [as in the exs.

I-
given above, where it means i^Vilt, and in a verse

CIS * i

cited before, commencing \j\jO ^l f accord, to

Aboo-'Alee,] or expressed ; the latter, accord, to
the more correct opinion, being allowable only by
poetic license: and its predicate must be a pro-
position, unless the subject is expressed, in which
case it may be either a single word or a proposi-
tion ; both of which kinds occur in the following
saying [of a poet] :

• * % %»* * * **%

[he is speaking of persons coming as guests to
him whom he addresses, when their provisions
are exhausted, and the horizon is dust-coloured,
and the north wind is blowing, (as is shown by
the citation of the verse immediately preceding,
in the T,) and he says, They know that thou art
like rain that produces spring-herbage, and like
plenteous rain, and that thou, there, art the aider
and the manager of the affairs of people]. (Mugh-
nee. [In the T, for *ttj, I find i^l ; and for
Bk. I.

t 0*

ibl), I there find UJJ^ : but the reading in the
Mughnee is that which is the more known.])
[J says,] ,jt is sometimes a contraction of £p$

* * *

and does not govern [anything] : you say, \j*l*
ifjU. juj ,jl [explained above] ; and it is said
in the Kur [vii. 41], JUaJI jfM ^1 \}}y} [And
it shall be proclaimed to them that (the case is
this :) that is Paradise] : (S :) [here, however,
&\ is regarded by some as an explicative, as will
be seen below:] but in saying this, J means
that it does not govern as to the letter ; for
virtually it does govern ; its subject being meant
to be understood ; the virtual meaning being
iU^jf^b ill. (IB.) [In another place, J says,]
You may make the contracted ^1 to govern or
not, as you please. (S.) Aboo-T&lib the Gram-
marian mentions an assertion that the Arabs
make it to govern ; as in the saying [of a poet,
describing a beautiful bosom],

it »'*: »t ■
• &\im. ^.jJ 0&

[As though its two breasts were two small round
boxes] : but [the reading commonly known is

o&- ft* &>

(this latter reading is given in De Sacy's Anthol.
Gram. Ar. p. 104 of the Ar. text ; and both are
given in the 8 ;) o^ nere meaning <ut£» ; and]
Fr says, We have not heard the Arabs use the
contracted form and make it to govern except
with a pronoun, in which case the desinential
syntax is not apparent. (T.) The author of the
K says in the B that you say, \j>ij O 1 *=-***
Jliolj [I knew that Zeyd was indeed going
away], with J when it is made to govern ; and
JJLkii juj ij\ Co«J* [I knew that (the case was
this :) Zeyd was going away], without J when it
is made to have no government. (TA. [But in the
latter ex. it governs the subject, which is under-
stood, as in other exs. before given.]) [See an ex.

- • •» '
in a verse ending with the phrase j£ 0^*3 c ' te "

* " ' ti 'if' ' •*?>

voce j3, where &\£a is for *ivs», meaning &£>

JjliJI, and a verb is understood after ji. And
see also ij\, below.] _ Thirdly, it is an expli-
cative, (Mughnee, ]£,) meaning Jfl, (S, M, and
so in some copies of the £,) or [rather] used
in the manner of ^1 ; (Mughnee, and so in some
copies of the 1£ ;) [meaning "£515, or i>«A5l» ;
or Jjys>, or ^j^^ii ; or some other form 01 the
verb JU ; i. e. Saying ; &c. ;] as in the -saying
[in the Klur xxiii. 27], iUajf »UT o« ««J1 U^U
[And we revealed, or spake by revelation, unto
him, saying, Make thou tlie ark] ; (Mughnee,
tj. ;) and [in the $ur vii. 41,] J&3 o' b*W
ilfcJI [And it shall be proclaimed to them, being
said, That is Paradise] ; or in these two instances
it may be regarded as what is termed Ztjj> *\ +,
by supposing the preposition [w>] understood
before it, so that in the former instance it is the
biliteral, because it is put before the imperative,
and in the second it is the contraction of ^jl,
because it is put before a nominal proposition ;
(Mughnee ;) and [in the l£ur xxxviii. 5,] JxLi\}
IjiJoT ,jl >«^» "&* (§> M » Mughnee) i. e. [And

105

the chief persons of them] broke forth, or launched
forth, with their tongues, or t» speech, [saying,]

00 ye on, or continue ye, in your course of action
&c. (Mughnee.) For this usage of &\, certain
conditions are requisite : first, that it be preceded
by a proposition : secondly, that it be followed
by a proposition ; so that you may not say, Oj^>i
L*i ijl Ij>». '-c-, but you must say J?l in this
case, or must omit the explicative : thirdly, that
the preceding proposition convey the meaning of
JyUt, as in the exs. above ; in the last of which,
JJJaJl has the meaning assigned to it above ; not
that of walking or going away; fourthly, that there
be not in the preceding proposition the letters of
J^iJI; so that one may not say, Jai\ ^jl «J wJi ;
or, if there be in it those letters, that the word
which they compose shall be interpreted by
another word; as in the saying, in the Kur
[v.117], -I»l l^j^l o« *t ^j-l U -^1 jj CJJ U,
which may mean, as Z says, I have not com-
manded them [aught save that which Thou com-
mandedst me, saying, Worship ye God] ; (Mugh-
nee ;) in which instance Fr says that it is an
explicative : (T :) fifthly, that there be not a pre-
position immediately before it ; for if you say,
I Sds Jjiif oW <*Jl CtJ&i it is what is termed
a^jjuo* [as we have before shown], (Mughnee.)

When it may be regarded as an explicative and

• ( t> 1 • « I
is followed by an aor. with •), as in ,jl *JI o/,l

1 jib Jjuii *), it may be marfooa, [namely, the
aor.,] on the supposition that *$ is a negative ;
or mcjzoom, on the supposition that it is a pro-
hibitive ; and in both cases ,jt is an explicative ;
[so that the meaning is, J made a sign to him,
as though saying, Thou wilt not do such a thing,
in the former case ; or> in the latter, Do not thou
such a thing ;] or mansoob, on the supposition
that *) is a negative and that ^1 is what is termed
i^jjJiM : but if "9 is wanting, it may not be
mejzoom, but may be marfooa [if we use ,jl as
an explicative] or mansoob [if ^1 be what is
termed <L>jj*i«]. (Mughnee.) — Fourthly, it is
redundant, as a corroborative, (Mughnee, I£,)
like whatever else is redundant : and thus it is
in four cases : one of these, which is the most

ftp

common, being when it occurs after U denoting

time ; Tand this is mentioned in the M ;] as in

' • ». » > a—

the saying [in the Kur xxix. 32], 0*U- ,jl v»Jj

U»y uL-j [And when our apostles came to Lot] 1
(Mughnee :) [or,] accord, to J, (TA,) it is some-
times a connective to U ; as in the saying in the
Kur [xii. 96], 'j*~$i^t. ^1 £ti [And when that
(like as we say, " now that,") tlie announcer of
good tidings came] : and sometimes it is redun-
dant ; as in the saying in the Kur [viii. 34],

«Ill jtytJ**. •) O 1 J*) U 3 [ M tnou g h !t might
be rendered But what reason have they, Ood
should not punish them ?] : (S, TA :) but IB
says that the connective is redundant ; and [that
^1 is not redundant in the latter instance, for]
if it were redundant in this verse of the Kur it
would not render the [aor.] verb mansoob. (TA.
[The author of the Mughnee, like IB, disallows
that ^1 is redundant in a case of this kind, which
Kh asserts it to be ; and says that ^ is under-

14

106

stood before it.]) The second case is when it
occurs between y and a verb signifying swearing,
the latter being expressed ; as in this verse :
* i »i . ****** * *i j #l'

#.# s "a * *>•..*-,

[And I swear, had we and you met, there had
been to us a darh day of evil] : and when that
verb is omitted ; as in the following ex. :
^ 3* » • j », »t < *, ,t

\jm. c~£» y o' «5 ui •

[ Verity, or now ««r»Zy, Ay God, if thou wert
freeborn ; but thou art not the freeborn nor the
emancipated]: so say Sb and others: Ibn-'Os-
foor holds it to be a particle employed to connect
the complement of the oath with the oath ; but
this is rendered improbable by the fact that it
is in most cases omitted, and such particles are
not. (Mughncc.) The third case, which is extr.,
is when it occurs between the j) [of comparison]
and the noun governed by it in the genitive case j;
as in the saying,

•r** *t-h U *# J u x>

[And on a day thou comr.it to us with a beau-

$W f ace t tike a doe-gazelle raising her head

towards the goodly green-leaved tree of the selem

hind], accord, to the reading of him who makes

*-Ji to be governed in the genitive ease [instead

of the ;ur us. or the nom. ; for if we read it in
. . •• st

the accus. or the nom., ^1 is a contraction of ^1 ;

in tlio former case, i-J* being its subject, and its
predicate being suppressed ; and in the latter case,
the meaning being a~J» \i\£», so that the subject
of ^1 is suppressed]. (Mughnee.) The fourth
case is when it occurs after lj>l ; as in the follow-
ing ex. :

I.

'y.\b sWI ^J ^* j*' J>&>

^jj [which forms a part of the compound Ul]
in this ex. :

» -•> <• »* at- - t.t a

J** 3 U ^ L5? U U *J* 4»l» •

[2/" fAott remain, and if thou be going away (Ul
meaning c^£> ,jl, as syn. with C«!& J,l), may

St J II '"A' *

God guard thee ("^ being marfooa because of
the wi) as long as thou doest and as long as thou
leanest undone] : thus related, with kesr to the
former ^t [in ill] and with fet-h to the latter
[in Ul]. (Mughnee.) — [Sixthly,] it is a nega-
tive, like ^t : (Mughnee, K so, as some say,
in [the Kur iii. 66,] JiSjl U JJL JL^I Jfe J,|
[meaning accord, to them Not any one is given
the like of that scripture which ye have been
given] : but it is said [by others] that the mean-
ing is, [taken with what precedes it,] And believe
not ye that (oW) any one is given the like of
that scripture which ye have been given, except
it be given to him who followeth your religion ;
and that the phrase " say thou, Verily the direc-
tion is the direction of God," is parenthetic.
(Mughnee.) — [Seventhly,] it is syn. with Jl,
(AZ, T, Mughnee, K, [in Freytag's Lex., from
me £> J£ ij» hut Je» in the K relates to what
there follows,]) as some say, in [the Kur 1. 2,1
jtti* jSi+^tu\+. ^1 l >; ^ f -Jv [Verily they wonder
because a warner from among themselves htttk
come unto them] ; (Mughnee, K ;) and in other
instances; but correctly, in all these instances,
O' is what is termed ajjj^cls, and J denoting
cause is understood before it. (Mughnee.) [See
also Ul and Ul.] — [Eighthly,] it is syn. with
yii, accord, to some, in [the Kur iv. last verse,]

'>**f 3 O' j£* <"" O&i [God explaineth to you
(the ordinances of your religion, Jcl), lest ye
should err, or in order that ye may not err] ;
(Mughnee, K ;) and in the saying,

[And I leave him alone until when he is as though
he were a giver of a hand to be laid hold upon,
in the fathomless deep of the water immerged].
(Mughnee.) _ [Fifthly,] among other meanings
which have been assigned to it, (Mughnee,) it
has a conditional meaning, like o' •' (Mughnee,
K:) bo the Koofees hold; and it seems to be
most probably correct, for several reasons : first,
because both these forms occur, accord, to dif-
ferent readings, in several instances, in one
passage of the #ur ; as in [ii. 282,] J-iJ ,j|
U*lj*-I [If one of them twain (namely, women,)
err] ; &.c. : secondly, because [the prefix] <J

often occurs after it ; as in a verse commencing

.,. i ,t S(

with 3Jit\jt*. \\ [as cited voce Ul, accord, to some

who hold that Ul in that verse is a compound

of the conditional ,jl and the redundant U ; and

as in the I£ur ii. 282, where the words quoted

above are immediately followed by C*l j»-I j^-> Jui

iJ>*-^IJ : thirdly, because it is conjoined with

[Ye became, or have become, in the condition of

our guests; so we hastened, or have hastened,

the entertainment, lest ye should revile us, or in

order that ye should not revile us] : (Mughnee :)

but correctly, in such a case [likewise], ,jl is

_ , a * * »

what is termed <ujj ^^> «, and the original wording

is I jJLM ^1 3jt\j£a [from a motive of dislike that
ye should err], (Mughnee,?,) and {j\ iiuLi
\i y~M [from a motive of fear that ye should
revile us] : so say the Baf rees : some say, extra-
vagantly, that J is meant to be understood before

it, and *) after it. (Mughnee.) [Ninthly,] it

a
occurs in the sense of ^JJI ; as in the saying,

V-^-i O' O* J**' Jk ij [Zeyd *• more reasonable
than he who lies ; which is equivalent to saying,
Zeyd is too reasonable to lie : but respecting its
usage in a phrase of this kind, and respecting the
form of the aor. after it in such a case, see i>«].
(£ull p. 78. )_ By a peculiarity of pronunciation

[Book I.

termed fc ai o , the tribe of Temeem say &e. instead
ofJ,l. (M.)

ijl is used in various ways : first, as a condi-
tional particle, (SJ M, Msb, Mughnee, ]£,) denoting
the happening of the second of two events in con-
sequence of the happening of the first, (S, Msb,»)
whether the second be immediate or deferred, and
whether the condition be affirmative or negative ;
(Msb ;) [and as such it is followed by a mcjzoom
aor., or by a pret having the signification of an
aor. ;] as in the saying, [JjJl JjU3 ,jl If tliou
do such a thing, J will do it; and] Jjbf ^-JU ^,1
[If thou come to me, I will come to thee] ; and
JXUjL~>\ \j-~2*;- oj \.If '*<"* come to me, I will
treat thee with hoiour] ; (S ;) and cJUi CJUJ ^,1
[If thou do, I will d >] for which the tribe of
Teiyi say, as IJ relates -n the authority of £tr,
sLlai OsLii ^h ; (M ;) und 0>^i C-^' J)l [If

thou stand, I will stand] ; and «l jljJI C~U.j ^1

• - •«- - a j ». •. J w »

Ji\b OJU jljJI ^o-jS _J [If thou enter the

houxc, or if thou enter not the house, thou stuilt

be divorced] ; (Msb ;) and [in the Kur viii. 39,]

*** ** * **' t'»l t'»* 9

^^ •*» ^^ j**i ^yr^-t 0\ W they desist,
what hath alreaily past shall be forgiven them] ;
and [in verse 19 of the same ch.,] jixi l^i^«5 ,jl 1
[But if ye return to attacking the Apostle, we
will return to assisting him]. (Mughnee, K.)
[On the difference between it and |jl, see the
latter.] When cither it or til is immediately
followed by a noun in the nom. case, the said
noun is governed in that case by a verb neces-
sarily suppressed, of which it is the agent ; as
in the saying, in the Kur [ix. 0], ,>• *>»$ J.|l

■" * * t* * » at* * *^

•S'jU-i-'l y>(^yU»JI ; the complete phrase bcing,jlj

',»,*»•** 1 tat*, • . 1 . . . .t*. '

JjUJ-l O i^i « " c>f -»— I 4U^-I [And if
any one of the believers in a plurality of gods
demand protection of thee, (if) Ac demand protec-
tion of thee] : so accord, to the generality of the
grammarians. (I 'Ak p. 123.) Sometimes it is
conjoined with the negative *), and the ignorant
may imagine it to be the exceptive "91 ; as in [the
saying in the Kur ix. 40,] ilT »^aJ Joi »jJJl2 •$
[If ye will not aid him, certainly God did
aid him]; and [in the next preccdins: vcrse.l
j&Smj \}jk3 *>)l [If ye will not go forth to war,
He will punish you]. (Mughnee, K-*) It is
sometimes used to denote one's feigning himself
ignorant ; as when you say to one who asks, " Is
thy child in the house ?" and thou hast knowledge
thereof, y Jii^l ^ljj| J, J&, J^ [If he be in
the house, I will inform thee thereof]. (Msb.)
And to denote one's putting the knowing in the
predicament of the ignorant, in order to incite to
the doing or continuing an action ; as when you

say, t5~*** \J*\ ^° 0\ W thou be my son,
obey me] ; as though you said, " Thou knowest
that thou art my son, and it is incumbent on the
son to obey the father, and thou art not obedient;
therefore do what thou art commanded to do."
(Msb.) And sometimes it is divested of the con-
ditional meaning, and becomes syn. with £ ; as
in the saying, >yj| J* <&p* 0\fi J-i [Pray
thou though thou be unable to stand;] i. e. pray

Book I.]

thou whether thou be able to stand or unable to

' " ' ' '•* * it
do to; and in the saying, judt ^lj ljtjj>j£>l

i. e. [Treat thou Zeyd with honour] though he be
sitting; or, whether he sit or not. (Mfb.) [Ul
as a compound of the conditional ^1 and the
redundant U, see in an art. of which Ul is the
heading.] _ [Secondly,] it is a negative, (S,
Mughnee, K,) syn. with U; (S ;) and is put
before a nominal proposition ; (Mughnee, K ;) as
in the saying [in the Kur lxvii. 20], ^jjyJl£JI ,jl
jjjk ,j* "^1 [The unbelievers are not in aught
save in a deception] ; (S, Mughnee, K ;) and
before a verbal proposition ; as in [the Kur ix. 108,]

000 A 00% •

yJmmJ\ ^1 Ujyl tj\ [We desired not, or -meant
not, aught save that which is best]. (Mughnee,
K.) The assertion of some, that the negative ^jt
does not occur except where it is followed by *5l ,
as in the instances cited above, or by l«J, with tesh-
deed, which is syn. therewith, as, accord, to a
reading of some of the Seven [Readers], in the

i- b 1 i |

saying [in the Kur lxxxvi. 4], U i_r-*J J£> ,jl

JjJU. Q£, i. e., Lu- \& % v& jd» U [Tliere
is not any soul but over it is a guardian], is
refuted by the sayings in the Kur [x. 69 and

% t f * • •" i 00 •

lxxii. 2G], I Jlw u^*-^ O-* >>**■* :c U 1 [meaning,

accord, to the Jel., Ye have no proof of this that

. i . i . * ,t •> •
ye say], and Oj"*** 3 «* s-** 5 ' ULj*' Oj [■* * n<,w
not whether that with which ye are threatened be
nigh], (Mughnee, K.*) The conditional and the
negative both occur in the saying in the Kur

• * t t J* 0l • #* * • *»

[xxxv. 80], »jj^ o-» <*•■ v>* Wt& ~ *' Ol «lJ 0^3

i > • *

[ylW I swear that, if they should quit their place,
not any one should withhold them after Him] :
the former is conditional ; and the latter is nega-
tive, ami is [part of] the complement of the oath
which is denoted by the J prefixed to the former;
the complement of the condition being necessarily
suppressed. (Mughnee.) When it is put before
a nominal proposition, it has no government,
accord, to Sb and Fr; but Ks and Mbr allow its
governing in the manner of ,^-J ; and Sa'ecd
Ibn-Jubeyr reads, [in the Kur vii. 193,] y^JJI O'
^i-IU-o! I>U£ *DI ^jjj ^fc* v_>>£.w [3"Ao.se w/iom y«
invoke beside God, or o<A«r« than Ood, are not
men like you] : also, the people of El-'Aliyeh

3 » I • »•» »

have been heard to say, *j)l j*-l ^>* l^i. j»t ,jl
i-iUJU. [^.ny one is not better than any other one,
except by means of health, or soundness] ; and
JjU ■& JUiU oWi oj [?%a< « not profitable to
thee nor injurious to thee] : as an ex. of its occur-
rence without government, which is mostly the
case, the saying of some, ^M * ^jl, may be
explained as originally jfii Ul ^1 [I am not
standing] ; the I of Ul being elided for no reason
in itself, and the £ of ^1 being incorporated into
the ij of Ul, and the I of this latter being elided

in its conjunction with the following word ; but
< » a

1*513 ijl has also been heard. (Mughnee.) Some-
times it occurs [as a negative] in the complement

3 I ■*-

of an oath : you say, C J ai u 1 *"'> meaning

C-JU* U [ Jj*y Corf, 2 ota not]. (S.) [Thirdly,]

it is a contraction of ,jl, and is put before a

jl

nominal and before a verbal proposition. (Mugh-
nee, K.) In the former case, it is made to govern
and is made to have no government: (S,*K:)
[i. e.] in this case, it is allowable to make it
govern ; contr. to the opinion of the Koofees :
(Mughnee :) Lth says that he who uses the con-
traded form of *j\ uses the nom. case with it,
except that some of the people of El-Hijaz use the
accus. case with it : (T :) thus it is said, accord,
to one reading, [in the Kur xi. 113,] L) ^£> ,jj
^LaI jJUj jtr^yA [Verily all of them, thy
Lord will indeed fully render them the recom-
pense of their worlis] : (T, Mughnee :) Fr says,
We have not heard the Arabs use the contracted
form and make it to govern, unless with a pronoun,
in which case the desinential syntax is not appa-
rent ; and he adds that in the instance cited above,

they make "^L£» to be governed in the accus. case

by jtr£}£ ', as though the phrase were jrr^y^
1, 2 ,

^|L£>; and that J^ would be proper; for you

say, jfi^ii j^j ^1 [Verily Zeyd is standing] :
(T:) the ex. given by Sb is, jjtt Vi J Ij^c o|
[ Verily 'Amr is going away]. (Mughnee.) But
it is [most] frequently made to have no govern-
ment; as in the saying [in the Kur xliii. 34

t ** 00 0. I it m

accord, to one reading], cU U <M>3 J£» £l)

C->Jjl SU*JI [And verily all that is the furniture
of the present life] ; and, accord, to the reading
of Hafs, [and of ' Asim and Kh, in the Kur xx. 66,

3 00 . I *

respecting which see ^1,] «jlj»-LJ (J'J** O'
[ Verily these two are enchanters] ; &c. (Mugh-
nee.) When it is put before a verbal proposition,
it is necessarily made to have no government :
(Mughnee, K :) and in most cases the verb is a
preterite and of the kind called •— <U [which
effects a change of the grammatical form or of the
meaning in a nominal proposition before which it
is placed] ; as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 138],
Sj-X) ool£> ij\* [And verily it was a great

* J ' $ *

matter] ; and [in the Kur xvii. 75,] tjjlfe ,jlj

* 000 " 0^

«tU»w5iJ [And verily they were near to seducing
thee] ; (Mughnee ;) in which last ex. AZ says, it
means jJU, i. e. without doubt ; and so in the
same ch. vv. 78 and 108 : (T :) less frequently it
is an aor. of a verb of this kind ; as in the saying

[in the Kur xxvi. 19S), Ot&tifi O-j ilJiJ 0\ 3
[And verily we think thee to be of the number of
the liars] : and both these kinds of expression
may be taken as exs. to be imitated : less fre-
quently than this it is a preterite of a verb not
of the kind termed •;— . U ; as in the saying [of a
poet],

* j $ A *

[May thy right arm, or hand, dry up, or become
unsound! verily thou hast slain a Muslim] ; but
this may not be taken as an ex. to be imitated ; contr.
to the opinion of Akh ; for he allows the phrase,
U^ j»« o\ [Verity I stood], and cJ^j j*J o'
[Verily thou sattest]: and less frequently than
this it is an aor. of a verb not of the kind termed

<m»0 ; as in the saying, ^1 j JJUU iU-jjj ^jt

« * 00* *

a^} Jtitfmj [Verily thy soul is that which beautifies

107

thee, and it is that which deforms thee] ; and this,
by common consent, may not be taken as an ex.
to be imitated. (Mughnee.) Wherever you find
t^l with J after it, decide that it is originally o' >
(Mughnee, K ;) as in the exs. above: hut respecting
this J there is a difference of opinion : see this
letter. (Mughnee.) J says, (TA,) ,j\ is some-
times a contraction of q\ , and this must have J
put before its predicate, to compensate for what is
elided, of the doubled letter; as in the saying in
the Kur [lxxxvi. 4, accord, to him who reads O

instead of U], &iW l^Ju. Q ^JJ jL ^1 [Verily

* ■

every soul hath over it a guardian] ; and in the

saying, J>«-*i) jyj ^1 [Verily Zeyd is thybrother];
in order that it may not be confounded with ^>l
which is syn. with the negative U : (S, TA :) but
IB says, J is here introduced to distinguish
between negation and affirmation, and this ^1 has
neither subject nor predicate ; so J's saying that
the J is put before its predicate is without mean-
ing : and this J is sometimes introduced with the

' J 00 * 4

objective complement of a verb ; as in o-j^> o'
IjyjJ [Verily I struck, or beat, Zeyd] ; and with
the agent ; as in j^ji >U ^1 [Verily Zeyd stood],
(TA.) When the contracted ^1 governs, this J
is not necessary ; so you may say, ^U I jjj ^A
[ Verily Zeyd is standing] ; because in this case
it cannot be confounded with the negative; for
the negative does not render the subject mansoob
and the predicate marfooa : and when it does not
govern, if the meaning is apparent, the J is not
needed ; as in

- • 9 * » A » 00

• JJU Jl o-^*-"" »W> O**** *

[And we are persons who refuse to submit to
injury, of the family of Malik : and verily the
family ofMdlik are generous in respect of their

# 0* % * %f

origins] ; wJV£> being here for v^Jl£J. (I 'Ak
p. 99.)— [Fourthly,] it is redundant, (S, Mugh-
nee, K,) occurring with U ; as in the saying,

000 JL 00

j^j j>)*-> ijl U [Zeyd does not stand] ; (S ;) and
in the saying [of a poet],

00 00 0t 00$

* AMjfLS c~il *^j2-i w«3l ,jl U *
[27iou didst not a thing which thou dislihest].

J 000

(Mughnee, K: in the CK o~3l.) It is mostly
thus used after the negative U, when put before a
verbal proposition ; as above ; or before a nominal
proposition ; as in the saying,

0* 100 ^10 9 i .00\. • .00

• tj>.iajj^uwu • oOjo^Uj^olty •

[And our habit is not cowardice ; but our destinies
and the good fortune of others caused our being
defeated] : and in this case it prevents the govern-
ment of U, as in this verse : but in the saying,

00 >fl .0 00 »

Ukj^jioJ <- fc'.**^

[Sons of Ohvddneh, ye are not indeed gold, nor
silver, or pure silver, but ye are pottery], accord,
to him who relates it thus, saying U»i and IjL^c,
in the accus. case, it is explained as a negative,
corroborative of U : (Mughnee :) and accord, to J,

14*

108

(TA,) the negatives U and q\ are sometimes
thui combined for corroboration ; as in the saying
of the rajix, (El-Aghlab El-'Ijlee, TA,)

[We have not indeed teen a king who has made
a hostile incursion possessing more numerous
sheep, or goats, and camels, than he] ; (S, TA;)
but IB says that &\ ii here redundant, not a
negative. (TA.) Sometimes it is redundant after
the conjunct noun U ; as in the saying,

» mm e • » S# * * j

[3/rtn hopes for that which he will not see; for
calamities intervene as obstacles in the way to
what is nearest thereof]. (Mughnee.) And after
the U termed i> j »nx«, (Mughnee,) [i. e.,] after
the adverbial U [which is of the kind termed
ijjjKw] ; (TA ;) as in the saying (of Maaloot
El-Kurey'ee, cited by 8b, TA),

J^ J»* ^ »*». c^i ^

[.4nrf" Aope <Ao« rAa* Me you* A u destined for
good as long as thou hast seen him not ceasing
to increase in good with age], (Mughnee.) And
after the inceptive *^l ; as in the saying,

\^£> £4 Jj$ JjL oj }i

[Now he journeyed on, or during, that my night,
and I passed the night in an evil state, broken
in spirit by grief, being fearful that the distance
to which he was going with Ohadoob (a woman
so named) mould become far]. (Mughnee.) And
before the meddeh denoting disapproval : [for]
8b heard a man, on its being said to him, " Wilt
thou go forth if the desert become plentiful
in herbage ?" reply, yi Oil [What, I, indeed?]
disapproving that lie should think otherwise than
that. (Mughnee. [See also art. ,-il.])_ [Fifth-
ly,] it is syn. with JJ : so it is said to be in the
saying [in the Kur lxxxvii. 9], jj>£> jjfvioui ^,1
[Admonition hath profited], (T, Mughnee, K,)
by IAar(T)and by K{r: (Mughnee:) and Abu-
l-'Abbds relates that the Arabs say, joj j.\S ^1
meaning juj jM ji [Zeyd has stood] ; and he
adds, that Ks states his having heard them say so,
and having thought that it expressed a condition,
but that he asked them, and they answered that
they meant j>tj >tf ji, and not j^j j/& U. (T.)
[So too, accord, to the K, in all the exs. cited in
the next sentence as from the Mughnee ; but this
is evidently a mistake, occasioned by an accidental
omission.] _ [Sixthly,] it is asserted also by the
Koofees, that it is syn. with il , in the following
exs. : in the Kur [v. 62], ^L-9 ,jt <&\ lyutj
Ot~*b* tA*d fear ye God, because ye are be-
lievers : and so, accord, to AZ, as is said in the
T, in a similar instance in the Kur ii. 278 : and
in the same, iv. 62] ; and [in the Kur xlviii. 27,]
v >ul 4)1 JtA \ >»j»J« J^~J» c4*J^J [Ye
shall assuredly enter the sacred mosque, because

Oodhath milled, in security] : and in like instances,
when the verb therein expresses what is held sure
to happen or to have happened : and in the saying,

-m J m * • - J - • t • 1 ' • *

[Art </k7u angry because the ears of Kuteybeh
have been cut, openly, or publicly, and wast not
angry for the slaughter of Ibn-Hdzim ?] : (Mugh-
nee :) but in all these instances [it is sufficiently
obvious that] ,jl may be otherwise explained.
(Mughnee, $.) _ [Seventhly,] it is sometimes
syn. with lij ; as in the Kur [ix. 23], IjJwJlj ^

OU^jNI [TrtAe no* ye your fathers and your

brethren as friends when they love unbelief above

belief] ; and in the same [xxxiii. 48], x~*y> «b^b

jatJD ly— J>J c~*j ^1 [Ana a believing woman

when she giveth herself to the Prophet] : so says

AZ. (T.) [Eighthly,] it is used for Ut,

(Mughnee and K, voce Ul,) distinct from Ul

which is a compound of the conditional ,j' ant l

the redundant U. (Mughnee ibid.) [See an ex .

s
in a verse cited voce Ul in the present work,

■ it'"' * ' '* J * i ' 1

commencing with the words j*\jj)\ *+***•]

'* **■

^1 : see £fl, in four places.

^>l is one of the particles which annul the
quality of the inchoative ; and is originally &\ ;
therefore Sb has not mentioned it among those
particles [as distinct from { j\, from which, how-
ever, it is distinguished in meaning] : (I 'Ak
p. 90 :) it is a corroborative particle ; (I ' Ak,
Mughnee;) a particle governing the subject in
the accus. case and the predicate in the nom. case,
(S, I 'Ak, Mughnee, K,) combining with what
follows it to form an equivalent to an inf. n., (S,)
[for,] accord, to the most correct opinion, it is
a conjunct particle, which, together with its two
objects of government, is explained by means of
an inf. n. (Mughnee.) If the predicate is derived,
the inf. n. by means of which it is explained is
of the same radical letters; so that the implied

j f •■» St + +*

meaning of JUsu3 <iii\ ^j**Xj [It has come to my
knowledge, or been related to me, or been told
to me, or it came to my knowledge, &c., thai thou
goest away], or l JUttts Jii\ [that thou art going

arm* * t* ' » ' ••»

away], is J^lki^l ^iii/ [or rather oU^Llcut thy
going away has come to my knowledge, ice.];
and hence, the implied meaning of ^ JLil la ^aJ^
jljJI [It has come to my knowledge, &c, that thou
art in the house] is jtjJt ^y Jjlyuwl u&ij [thy
remaining in the house has come to my knowledge,
&c], because the predicate is properly a word

suppressed from j£mI or ji2„.» : and if the predi-
cate is underived, the implied meaning is ex-
plained by the word O*^ 9 > 8 ° uat tlle implied
meaning of jjj IJuk ^jl { ^iX/ [It has come to

my knowledge, &c., that this is Zeyd] is i+iX/
0* jj0 * 7*'

I juj *j^£» [his being Zeyd has come to my know-
ledge, &c] ; for the relation of every predicate
-expressed by an underived word to its subject
may be denoted by a word signifying " being ; "

[Book t.

so that you say, j^j IJuk and, if you will, I jjk
I juj C^^* » Dotn signifying the same. (Mugh-
nee.) There are cases in which either jjl or ^j\
may be used : [see the latter, in twelve places:]
other cases in which only the former may be
used : and others in which only the latter. (I 'Ak
p. 91.) The former only may be used when the
implied meaning is to be explained by an inf. n.
(I 'Ak, K.) Such is the case when it occurs in
the place of a noun governed by a verb in the

• - ii 00

nom. case ; as in j^M Aj\ l .:. ; ^.j».j [It pleases
me that thou art standing], i. e. iUI»i [thy
standing pleases me] : or in the place of a noun
governed by a verb in the accus. case ; as in

• # *M * 900

^>\i jiS\ Cj/ [I knew that thou wast standing],

i. e. iUle* [thy standing] : or in the place of a

noun governed in the gen. case by a particle;

as in jfii JX>\ ^y> d^s>* [I wondered that thou

* *
wast standing], i. e. iUy ^y» [at, or by reason

of, thy standing] : (I 'Ak p. 91 :) [and sometimes
a preposition is understood ; as in \j£=> Ail Jiii *$,
for \J£» £\ ^J ; Jb "^ There is no doubt that
it is thus, i. e. t ji» «ulib , J JLi ^ There is no
doubt of its being thus :] and o 1 must be used
after y ; as in C^H J>^ jLl y [ // that thou
wert standing, I had stood, or would have stood,
i. e. ^UUS ww y , or O^O JJUL5 y, accord, to
different opinions, both meaning ;'/' tin/ standing
were a fact : see I 'Ak jip. 305 and 300]. (K.)
Sometimes its I is changed into e ; so that you

%rmt'i'0»' ^

say, J>IJa:« jXm C* 0t*» [meaning I knew thut
thou wast going away]. (M.)^With J pre-
fixed to it, it is a particle of comparison, (S,* M,
TA,) [still] governing the subject in the accus.
case and the predicate in the nom. case : (TA :)
you say, irtt e- \juj q\£» [It is a* though Zeyd
were 'Amr], meaning that Zeyd is like 'Amr ; as
though you said, jj^S» O^ '«*ij O! ["«%»
Zeyd is like 'Amr] : [it is to be accounted for by
an ellipsis: or] the J is taken away from the
middle of this proposition, and put at its com-
mencement, and then the kesreh of o' necessarily

' a
becomes changed to a fet-bah, because o' cannot

be preceded by a preposition, for it never occurs
but at the commencement [of a proposition]. (I J,
M.) Sometimes, ^£» denotes denial ; as in the

" 00* mm % *&m *

saying, O^Uj \jj~»\ «ibl£» [As though thou wert
our commander so that thou shouldst command
us], meaning thou art not our commander [that
thou shouldst command us]. (TA.) It also de-

»- mt»m

notes wishing ; as in the saying, jS ^j j\i\&

»ju^-lj jjL1)I oJi, meaning Would that I had
poetized, or versified, so that I might do it well :
(TA :) [an elliptical form of speech, of which the
implied meaning seems to be, would that I were
as though thou sawest me that I had poetized,

' mS r

&c. ; or the like : for] you say [also], At {j*^°
meaning J)y jmoj .y^ [It is as though I saw
thee] ; i. e. I know from what I witness of thy
condition to-day how thy condition will be to-
morrow; so that it is as though I saw thee in
that condition : (Har p. 126 : [see also w> ; near

Book I.]

it.

the end of the paragraph :]) [thus,] &\£» also de-
notes knowing ; and also thinking ; [the former as
in the saying immediately preceding, and] as when
you say, JliJ U J*«y Hi\ ,jlfe [I know, or rather
it appears, at though teen, that Ood does what
He wills] ; and [the latter as when you say,]
*-j\»- «ikl& [I think, or rather it seem*, that
thou art going forth]. (TA.) _ [When it has
the affixed pronoun of the first person, sing, or

-* St it .St

pi., you say, ^1 and l ^>\, and Ul and Uil : and
when it has also the D of comparison prefixed to
it,] you say, ^ji» and ^U=>, [and Olib and
UJl£»,] like as you say, , jSJ and ,J& [&c.].
(S.) — As tj\ is a derivative from ,jl, it is cor-
rectly asserted by Z that U->l imports restriction,
like ♦ 1^| j both of which occur in the saying
in the Kur [xxi. 108], uSl /jl ,*fcJ ▼ Uil JJ
j—t^ *JI Vv' [&*# 'Aou, J< if only revealed to
me that your Ood it only one Ood] : the former
is for the restricting of the quality to the qualified ;
and the latter, for the reverse: (Mughnee, K:)
i. e. the former is for the restricting of the reve-
lation to the declaration of the unity; and the
latter, for the restricting of " your God" to unity :
(Marginal note in a copy of the Mughnee :) but
these words of the l£ur do not imply that nothing
save the unity was revealed to the Prophet ; for
the restriction is limited to the case of the discourse
with the believers in a plurality of gods ; so that
the meaning is, there has not been revealed to
me [aught], respecting the godhead, except the
unity ; not the attribution of any associate to God.
(Mughnec.) [l*Jl, however, does not always im-
port restriction ; nor docs always even ▼ l*jt : in

*i - *

each of these, U is what is termed i»l£» ; i. e.,
it restricts the particle to which it is affixed from
exercising any government; and sometimes has
no effect upon the signification of that particle :

• 'i i

(see art. U ; and see V*jl > below, voce ^t :) thus,
for instance, in the Kur viii. 28, l*jl 'j t [ tU

t * # • j l .*t. t » i . tt

iJJ^i j£s}*$}\} j£J\y»\ means And know ye that
your possessions and your children are a trial;
not that they arc only a trial. When it has the
j) of comparison prefixed to it, it is sometimes
contracted ; as in the following ex. :] a poet says,

00 « * 00 * • 09+0

[At though, by reason of their mincing gait, they
mere walking upon tragacanthat ; and they were

laughing to at to discover teeth like hailstones] :
it 4 .n. n
Ul£> being for UJl£». (IAar.)_^l is some-
times contracted into ,j1 ; (S, Mughnee ;) and in
this case, it governs in the manner already ex-
plained, voce ^j\. (Mughnee.) It is also syn.

with J*)'; (Sb, S, M, Mughnee, K;) as in the

*• ' .. . • . . it . i

saying, l^S> U ijj^J JXi\ J>-JI c^l [Come thou
to the market; may-be thou wilt buy for ut some-
thing; c~jI being originally oil];' i. e. i&i):
(Sb, M, Mughnee, K :*) and, accord, to some,
(M, Mughnee, K,) so in the Kur [vi. 109], where

it is said, or*}i V «wW- lij yJijMji&i Uy

0«

[And what maketh you to know? (meaning,
maketh you to know that they will believe when
it cometh ? i. e. ye do not know that : Jel :) May-
be, when it cometh, they will not believe] : (S, M,
Mughnee, K :) thus accord, to this reading :
(Mughnee, K :) and Ubei here reads $jJ. (S.)

AS it* it m. i.

ij\ and ij*) and ^1 y are all tyn. with J* and

i" «t it Jm it.

J*J ; and ,_jil and ^jOl, and ^y*) and (jii'iJ, and

mt ». St m. ». *..

^j\ y and ^i\ £, with ^y* and ^^UJ. (K voce

JUJ.) — It is also syn. with JjLt [Yes, or yea;

or it it at thou sayest]. (M, TA.) [See also ,j1

as exemplified by a verse commencing with l >i*j j

and by a saying of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr.]

s

^jl is one of the particles which annul the

quality of the inchoative, like ,jl, of which it is
the original : (I ' Ak p. 90 :) it is a corroborative
particle, (I 'Ak, Mughnee,) corroborating the
predicate; (S,K;) governing the subject in the
accus. case and the predicate in the nom. case ;
(S, I ' Ak, Mughnee, K ;) [and may generally be
rendered by Verily, or certainly, or the like;
exactly agreeing with the Greek ort, as used in
Luke vii. 16 and in many other passages in the
New Testament; though it often seems to be
nothing more than a sign of inception, which can
hardly be rendered at all in English ; unless in
pronunciation, by laying a stress upon the predi-
cate, or upon the copula;] as in the saying,
jgM I jyj ^1 [ Verily, or certainly, Zeyd is stand-
ing; or simply, Zeyd is standing, if we lay a
stress upon standing, or upon is]. (I 'Ak p. 90.)
But sometimes it governs both the subject and
the predicate in the accus. case ; as in the saying,

• *.: t.». mi »•» i.*~ .

• ,^£j, OUXi JeJJl -J+ J^l lil *

* * I ** A J 3 * ^ m J

[When the darkness of night becomes, or thall
become, intense, then do thou come, and let thy
steps be light : verily our guardians are lions] ;
(Mughnee, K; [but in the latter, for j£it, we

i. e •»

find }y~>\, so that the meaning is, when the firtt
portion of the night becomes, or shall become, black,
ice. ;]) and as in a trad, in which it is said,
\JtijtL. £H *r * j»in+ j*a ol [Verily the bottom of
Hell it a distance of seventy years of journeying] :
(Mughnee, K :) the verse, however, is explained
by the supposition that it presents a denotative of
state [in the last word, which is equivalent to
UUip A or the like], and that the predicate is sup-

pressed, the meaning being, IjmI > «*UU [thou
wilt find them lions] ; and the trad, by the sup-
position that jta is an inf. n., and ^ e «.„t is an
adverbial noun, so that the meaning is, the reach-
ing the bottom of hell is [to be accomplished in
no less time than] in seventy years. (Mughnee.)
And sometimes the inchoative [of a proposition]

after it is in the nom. case, and its subject is what

t. » .
is termed ^Ui je«-£, suppressed ; as in the saying

. , ■ '.' .»>. * .. s --» • a

of Mohammad, i»-i)l j,yi \j\js. ^Ut jtil £y» ^1

. Jwt . J ' ' ' ' ' t

^jyAjl [Verily, (the ease it this:) of the men
most severely to be punished, on the day of resur-
rection, are the makers of images], originally *i\,

108

I-

i. e. \j\li\ ,jt ; (Mughnee, sj. ;*) and as in the
saying in the $ ur [xx. 66], ^l^-LJ^IJuk J/,
[accord, to some,] as will be seen in what follows.
(TA.) — Of the two particles o' ■«<! * 0*» "»
certain cases only the former may be used ; and
in certain other cases either of them may be used.
(I 'Ak p. 91.) The former must be used when it
occurs inceptively, (Kh, T, I 'Ak p. 92, Mughnee,
K,) having nothing before it upon which it is syn-
tactically dependent, (Kh, T,) with respect to the
wording or the meaning; (K;) as in ^15 IjlJ ^t
[Verily Zeyd it standing]. (I 'Ak, K.) It is used
after •#, (I 'Ak, K,) the inceptive particle, (I 'Afc)
or the particle which is employed to give notice [of
something about to be said] ; (K ;) as in ,j\ *§i
jp& Ij^j [Now surely Zeyd it standing], (I 'AJp
K.) And when it occurs at the commencement
of the complement of a conjunct noun ; (I 'Ak,
K ;•) as in ^U iil j^^JI ;U. [He who it standing

came]; (I'Ak;) and in the Kur [xxviii. 76],
, I _»• "f •". » ' »» s . ,» "j* » ■» '*—»

SyUI [And we gave him, of treasures, that whereof
the keys would weigh down the company of men
pottetsed of strength]. (I 'Ak,« K,» TA.) And in
the complement of an oath, (I 'Ak, K,) when its
predicate has J, (I 'Ak,) or whether its subject
or its predicate has J or has it not ; (K ;) as in
JSUU tj^j o\ &3 i B lf AUah > W"'(y Zeyd »»
standing], (I 'Ak,) and^li Ail : or, as some say,
when you do not employ the J, the particle is
with fet-h; as in Jfe T JJ \ Zi\'^ [I swear by
Allah that thou art standing] ; mentioned by Ks
as thus heard by him from the Arabs : (TA :)
but respecting this case we shall have to speak
hereafter. (I ' Ak.) And when it occurs after the
word Jy or a derivative thereof, in repeating the
saying to which that word relates; (Fr, T, I 'Ak,*
K;*) as in the saying [in the Kur iv. 156],

■>■.;. - , » I UJUi Ut jtfjijji [And their saying, Verily
we have slain the Messiah] ; (Fr, T ;) and oJLi
^\5 Ijwj ,jt [/ said, Verily Zeyd is standing] ;
(I'Ak;) and [in the Km- v. 115,] Ji\ AT JU

# »m* » "»<0* t

^eX» VLr - [Ood said, Verily I will cause it to
descend unto you] ; accord, to the dial, of him
who docs not pronounce it with fet-h : (K :) but
when it occurs in explaining what is said, you use

T (jt ; as '" tne ^''"P- **-*■ U^ii> jJU c-Ji Si
« . .at. • . ..tit
JiU iblj «J^j£ J)Ki\ o 1 [I nave s " il l t0 *}*** a

good saying; that thy father is noble and t/iat

thou art intelligent] ; (Fr, T ;) or when the word

signifying " saying " is used as meaning " think-

# # *m. it J >.t

ing;" as in^U Ij^j ^1 Jywl {Dost thou say

i » -«
that Zeyd is standing?], meaning i >loJt [Dost

thou think ?]. (I ' Ak.) Also, when it occurs in a
phrase denotative of state ; (I ' A k ;) [i. e.,] after
the $ denotative of state ;(^;)uin ^ilj tJjj
J*l ji [I visited him, I verily having hope, or
expectation] ; (I 'Ak ;) and in *j* ,j1 5 j^j ^
a_Ij ^It. [Zeyd came, he verily having his hand
upon hit head]. (K.) And when it occurs in a
phrase which is the predicate of a proper (as

no

opposed to an ideal) substantive ; (I ' Ak, K ;*)

aa in^w ajl j^j [Zeyd, verily he is standing],

' • *

(I 'A V,) or v^Jkli [going away'] ; contr. to the

assertion of Fr. (K.) And when it occurs before
the J which suspends the grammatical govern-
ment of a verb of the mind, preceding it, with
respect to its objective complements; (I 'Ak, K;*)

as in j£\il Ij^j ,jl c4*> [ ^ Anew Zeyo' twi/y
7i'«* staiuling] ; (I 'Ak ;) and in [the Kur lxiii. 1,]
aJ^IjJ JU1 J^ju Jb\) [And God hrtoweth thou

verily art hi* apostle] : (K :) but if the J is not

.. • s ' *l ' ••'

in its predicate, you say, " ,j\ ; as in ^1 cJU

^•SVi ljL»j [/ Antra /Aa/ ^-ya" mas standing].

(I 'Ak) And in the like of the saying in the Kur

[ii.171], Jlii JA *^sXj> IjAJulT^jfToli

ju«V [-4nrf verily they who differ among themselves

respecting the booh are in an opposition remote

from the truth] ; because of the J [of inception]

which occurs after it, in ^ : (Ks, A 'Obeyd :)

the J of inception which 'occurs before the predi-

s
cato of ^1 should properly commence the sentence;

■Vm #•* a
so thut^UU Ijyj ^1 [Verily Zeyd is standing]

• * *•' a -
should properly be _^tf I j^J ^N ; but as the J

is a corroborative and ^1 is a corroborative, they
dislike putting two particles of the same meaning
together, and therefore they put the J later, trans-
ferring it to the predicate : Mbr allows its being

a $
put before the predicate of ♦ ^jl ; and thus it

occurs in an unusual reading of the saying [in the
Kur xxv. 22],>li£»f o^&fc'^l 4\ [But they
ate food] ; but this is explained by the supposition
that the J is here redundant : (I 'Ak p. 95 :) this
is the reading of Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr: others read,

>u£jl gj&MtT jfr\ \ [out verily they ate food]:
and ijl [as well as ♦ ,jl] is used after the exceptive
*i)l when it is not followed by the J [of inception].
(TA.) Also, when it occurs after «£~».; as in
JjU- Ij^j ,jj C~c*>- tr-^l [Sit thou where Zeyd
is 'sitting]. (I 'Ak p. '92, and K.) And after
jj-. ; as in *ij*ji ^ jn>\ J~~ ±tj >jbj» [Zeyd
has fallen tick, so that verily they have no hope
for him] : whereas after a particle governing the
gen. case, [i. e. a preposition,] you say, ♦ ij\.

(IHsh in De Sacy's Anthol. Gr. Ar. p. 76.)

Either of these two forms may be used after lit
denoting a thing's happening suddenly, or unex-
pectedly ; as in _^5tf Ijyj £t 1}li -c-Lj*. [I went
forth, and lo, verily Zeyd was standing], and

Jfi\i U^j t ^f ijji [and lo, or at that present-

* . a *

time, Zeyd's standing] ; in which latter case, ,jl

with its complement is [properly] an inchoative,
and its enunciative is lit ; the implied meaning
being, and at that present time was the standing
of Zeyd : or it may be that the enunciative is
suppressed, and that the implied meaning is, [and
lo, or at that present time,] the standing of Zeyd
was an event come to pass. (I 'Ak p. 93.) Also,
when occurring in the complement of an oath, if
its enunciative is without J : (I 'Ak :) [see exs.
given above :] or, as some say, only * ^1 is used
in this case. (TA.) Also, when occurring after
w* denoting the complement of a condition ; as in

j>jL» *i(* ^j*»W £y» [He who cometh to me, verily
he shall be treated with honour], and >j£« V <ut ;
in which latter case, ,jl with its complement is an
inchoative, and the enunciative is suppressed ; the
implied meaning being, honourable treatment of
him shall be an event come to pass : or it may be
an enunciative to an inchoative suppressed; the
implied meaning being, his recompense shall be
honourable treatment. (I 'Ak p. 94.) Also, when
occurring after an inchoative having the meaning
of a saying, its enunciative being a saying, and

the sayer being one; as in jk«»-l ^j\ JyUI j-i.

[The best saying is, Verily I praise Jjrod], and
' ' * t . *t n

•*•*•! T iyl> > n which latter case, rA with its

complement is an enunciative of ^i. ; the implied
meaning being, the best saying is the praising of
God [or my praising of God]. (I 'Ak ubi supra.)
You also say, M 'j^Li\ ^1 i£j [At thy service!
Verily praise belongeth to Thee ! O God] ; com-
mencing [with ^1] a new proposition : and some-
£ *i .. . » . it

Umes one says, ▼ ^1 ; meaning Jit .» t - " ^

[because praise belongeth to Thee], (Msb.)_
The cases in which ^1 may not be used in the
place of ,jl have been mentioned above, voce ^1.
— [When it has the affixed pronoun of the first
person, sing, or pi.,] you say, ^it and ^1, (S,)
and 01 and Uil, (TA,) like as you say Jkj and

L5 ^J [&c.]. (S.) jl asa contraction of Ul &\

has been mentioned above, as occurring in the
• * a •

phrase _^5li ^1, voce ,j\, q. v Accord, to the

' -a * s

grammarians, (T,) l^>\ is a compound of <j\ and U,

(T, §,) which latter prevents the former's having
any government: (T:) it imports restriction;
like V*il, which see above, voce ^j\, in three
places : (Mughnee, K :) [i. e.] it imports the

restriction of that which it precedes to that which

• fif •* ••* •**
follows it; as la ^ Ua A s jjJ V*j1 [Zeyd is only

going away], and j^ t fi it ij U^t [ Only Zeyd goes
away] : (Bd in ii. 10 :) [in other words,] it is
used to particularize, or specify, or distinguish a
thing from other things : (S :) it affirms a thing
in relation to that which is mentioned after it, and
denies it in relation to other things ; (T, S ;) as
in the saying in the Kur [ix. 60], olijJjl ull
;ljiiU [The contributions levied for pious uses
are only, or but, for tfte poor] : (S :) but El-
Amidee and AHei say that it docs not import
restriction, but only corroboration of an affirma-
tion, because it is a compound of the corroborative

Oj a "d the redundant U which restrains the
former from exercising government, and that it
has no application to denote negation implied in
restriction, as is shown by the trad., ^J UJI l»j|
a' ,.,. m , J I [which must mean, Verily usury is in the
delay of payment], for usury is in other things
beside that here mentioned, as J*oa)l Wj [or profit
obtained by the superior value of a thing received
over that of a thing given], by common consent:
(Kull p. 76 :) some say that it necessarily imports
restriction : J says what has been cited above from
the S : some say that it has an overt signification
in denoting restriction, and is susceptible of the
meaning of corroboration : some say the reverse

[Book I.

of this : El-Amidee says that if it were [properly]
restrictive, its occurrence in another sense would
be at variance with the original import ; but to
this it may be replied, that if it were [properly]
corroborative, its occurrence in another sense
would be at variance with the original import : it
[therefore] seems that it is susceptible of both
these meanings, bearing one or the other accord-

i» *i

ing as this or that suits the place. (Msb.) Uit is

i •

to be distinguished from ,jt with the conjunct

[noun] U, which does not restrain it from govern-
ing [though its government with this is not appa-
rent, and which is written separately] ; as in

• »»•'• * i

O--*- •iij^t' U i;l meaning Verily what is with

* • •-''♦-- »a
thee is good, and in ^j—»- C-Jjo U ,jl meaning

Verily thy deed is good. (I 'Ak pp. 97 and 98.)
_ ,jj is sometimes contracted into ^jl ; (S, Mugh-
nee, K ;) and in this case, it is made to govern
and is made to have no government : (S :) it is
seldom made to govern in this case ; often made
to have no government : the Koofecs say that it
is not contracted; (Mughnee, K;) and that when
one says, JUJa^«) jt>j ,j1 [the meaning is virtually
Verily Zeyd is going away, but] ^1 is a negative
and the J is syn. with *^t ; but this assertion is
refuted by the fact that some make it to govern
when contracted, as in exs. cited above, voce ,j\ ,

q. v. (Mughnee.) _ It is also syn. with jjb
[Even so; yes; yea]; (Mughnee, K ;) contr. to
the opinion of AO. (Mughnee.) [See also ^1,
last sentence.] Those who affirm it to have wis
meaning cite as an ex. the following verse (Mugh-
nee,^*) of 'Obeyd-Allah Ibn-Keys-cr-Rukeiydt :
(S.'TA:)

•5 $ • #« 0* • - - * »0 ♦ • - 0**00

[And they say, (namely, the women,) lloariness
hath come upon thee, and thou hast become old :
and I say, Even so, or yes, or yea] : (Mughnee,
K:) but this has been rebutted by the saying,
We do not concede that the » is here added to
denote the pause, but assert that it is a pronoun,
governed by ,jl in the accus. case, and the pre-
dicate is suppressed ; the meaning being, <Jl
Jxij£> [ Verily it, i. e. the case, is thus], (Mugh-
nee.) [J says,] The meaning is, Ci> <j\£=> jj <Jl

# «t . *
i>JUu [ Verily it, i. e. the case, hath been as ye

say] : A 'Obeyd says, This is a curtailment of
the speech of the Arabs ; the pronoun being
deemed sufficient because the meaning is known :
and as to the saying of Akh, that it signifies ^ju,
he only means thereby that it may be so rendered,
not that it is originally applied to that significa-
tion : he says that the * is here added to denote
the pause. (S.) There is, however, a good ex.
of o' i" the sense of j^u in the saying of Ibn-
Ez-Zubeyr, to him who said to him, " May God
curse a she camel which carried me to thee,"
V^'jJ 0\> •« e> Even so, or yes, or yea; and
may God curse her rider : for the suppression of
both the subject and the predicate is not allowable.
(Mughnee.) And hence, accord, to Mbr, the
saying in the Kur [xx. 66], as thus read, r,\
Oi^LJ O'j* [meaning, if so, Yes, these two are

Book I.]

enchanter*]. (Mughnee.) [But this phrase has
given rise to much discussion, related in the
Mughnee and other works. The following is a
brief abstract of what has been said respecting
it by several of the leading authorities.] Aboo-
Is-hak says that the people of El-Medeeneh and
El-Koofch read as above, except 'Asim, who is
reported to have read, q\S* 0'» 'without tesh-
deed, and so is Kh ; [so too is Haft, as is said

above, voce o'»] ftn( * tnat -^ rea< * O**** 0\>

the former word with teshdeed, and the latter in

» i s
the accus. case : that the argument for ^jljJk yj\,

with teshdeed and the nom. case, [or rather what
is identical in form with the nom. case,] is, that
it is of the dial, of Kindneh, in which the dual
is formed by the termination ^1 in the nom.
and accus. and gen. cases alike, as also in the
dial, of Hcnu-1-Hi'tri th Ibn-Kaab : but that the
old grammarians say that * is here suppressed;
the meaning being, ^>l JJk ei\ : (T :) this last
assertion, however, is weak ; for what is applied
to the purpose of corroboration should not be
suppressed, and the instances of its suppression

which have been heard are deviations from general

at , ,

usage, except in the case of ^1, with fet-h, con-
tracted into &\ : (Mughnee :) Aboo-Is-hak then
adds, that some say, ^1 is here syn. with ^*» :
this last opinion he holds to be the best; the
meaning being, <j\j*-\~» U*) 0'«** j*** [**t
these two, verily they are two enchanters : for
this is not a case in which the J (which is the J
of inception) can be regarded us transferred from
its proper place, at the commencement of the
sentence or proposition, as it is in some instances
mentioned in the former half of this paragraph :
but it is said in the Mughnee that this explanation
is invalidated by the fact that the combining of
the corroborative J and the suppression of the
inchoative is like the combining of two things in-
consistent, or incompatible ; as is also the opinion
that the J is redundant, because the redundant J
prefixed to the enunciative is peculiar to poetry] :
next in point of goodness, in the opinion of Aboo-
Ifi-hiik, is, that it is of the dial, of Kinanch and
Bcnu-1-Hiirith Ibn-Kaab : the reading of AA he
does not allow, because it is at variance with the
written text : but he approves the reading of
'Asim and Kh. (T.) = ,jt also occurs ns a
verb I it is the third person pi. fern, of the pret.
from &t*j\, syn. with ^Jc i\ ; or from ^1 syn.
with ^ji : or the third person sing, niasc. of the
pret passive from yj&y, in the dial, of those
who, for ij and «I-»-> say 3>J and <*-*?> likening
these verbs to J«$ and %& : or the sing. masc.
of the imperative from the same : or the pi. fern,
of the imperative from {jC$\ ; or from ,jl syn.
with ^f»ji : or the sing. fem. of the corroborated
form of the imperative from fj\^, syn. with j**j.
(Mughnee.)

»« • I

Ul, signifying I: see ,jl, m seven places.

ft r ' ' •

Ait, signifying I : see Qt, in two places.

iil t. q. ^>JI [inf. n. of ,jl, but app. a simple
subst, signifying A moan, moaning, or prolonged

voice of complaint ; or a Maying Ah: or a com-
plaint : or a cry]. (TA.)

OJI, signifying Thou : fem. CJI ; dual \^J\ ;

" •' * * * ' '*. ' • •

pi. masc j£*\, and pi. fem. £f£i\: see £l, in

six places.

Hi* )

* -' l

• St

see &K\

• af _ ,

^01 One who moans ;

mho utters a moaning,
or prolonged voice of complaint; or mho says
Ah ; much, or frequently ; as also ▼ ,jU and

♦ ili I : (M, K :) or this last signifies one who
publishes complaint, or makes it public, much, or
frequently : (M :) or one mho talks and grieves
and complains much, or frequently ; and it has
no verb derived from it: (T:) and you say,

3jjS aJjt J*rj, [in which the latter epithet is app.
an imitative sequent to the former,] meaning an
eloquent man. (TA.) The fem. of ^Ul is with
» : (M, K :) and is said to be applied to a woman
mho moans, or says Ah, and is affected mith
compassion, for a dead husband, on seeing another
whom she has married after the former. (MF.)

[See also AiU.-, voce Cr^-l

k j\, signifying J: see (jl, in two places.

2- a

q\ part. n. of ^j\, [Moaning ; or uttering a

moan or moaning or a prolonged voice of com-
plaint ; or saying Ah ; by reason of pain : com-
plaining by reason of disease or pain : or] utter-
ing a cry or cries : fem. with 5. (Msb.) [Hence,]
you say, iit ^)j iiU. a) U He has not a she camel
nor a sheep, or goat : (S, M, A, K :) or lie lias
not a she camel nor a female slave (M, K) that
moans by reason of fatigue. (M.)

ill*, occurring in a trad., (S, Mgh, K, Sec,
in the first and last in art. ,jU, and in the second
in the present art,) where it is said, J^J» ^1
jLj\ Ai^ilu i&±i\^*j i^i», (S, Mgh,
TA, &c.,) is of the measure 2X*k*, [originally

iliU,] from oj, (S, Z in the Fdik, IAth, Mgh,
K,) the corroborative particle ; (Z, IAth, Mgh ;)
like sCi* from ( ^ J 1* ; (S, K ;) but not regularly
derived from ,j\, because a word may not be
so derived from a particle; or it may be said
that this is so derived after the particle has been
made a noun ; (Z, IAth ;) or neither of these
modes of derivation is regular : (MF :) the mean-
ing is, [Verily the longness of the prayer and
the shortness of the oration from the pulpit are
(together)] a proper ground for one's saying.
Verily the man is a person of knowledge or t'n-
teUigence : (Z,* Mgh, 1£ in art. ^U :) this is the
proper signification : accord, to AO, the meaning
is, a thing whereby one learns the knowledge, or
intelligence, of the man : (Mgh :) or it means
a thing suitable to, (S, Mgh,) and whereby one
knows, (S,) the knowledge, or intelligence, of the
man : (S, Mgh :) or a sign (As, S, K) of the
knowledge, or intelligence, of the man; and suit-
able thereto : (As, S :) or an evidence thereof:
(M :) or an indication, or a symptom, thereof;
everything that indicates a thing being said to
be «i <UU : [so that U£J 2j£« may be well ren-

111

dered a thing that occasions one's knowing, or
inferring, or suspecting, such a thing; and in
like manner, a person that occasions one's doing
so: or, more properly, a thing, tec, in which
such a thing is usually known to take place, or
have place, or be, or exist, like « U k« :] one of
the strangest of the things said of it is, that the •
is a substitute for the ii ofiJtU: (IAth:) this
seems to have been the opinion of Lb : (Az, L :)
accord, to A A, it is syn. with <ul [a sign, &c.].
(TA.) As says (§,• K,TA, all in art ^U) that
the word is thus, with teshdeed to the ,j> '" the
trad, and in a verse of poetry, as these are related ;
(S, TA ;) but correctly, in his opinion, it should
be ileti. of the measure iXe»i, (S, K,* TA,)
unless it be from ^>1 , as first stated above : (S,
TA :) AZ used to say that it is alii, with O,
(S, K.,* TA,) meaning a thing (lit. o place) meet,
fit, or proper, or worthy or deserving, and the like;

of the measure iijJut, [originally <UJU,] from *3\
meaning "he overcame him with an argument
or the like :" (§, J£, TA :) but somo say that
it is of the measure iLo, from ,jU meaning
J^V-1 : see art. ^U. (%. in that art.) You say

also, j«», U &£« y, from ^1 , He xs a person Jit,
or proper, for one's saying of him, Verily lis i*
good ; and in like manner, »Ljl», from L5 -*, as
meaning " a person fit, or proper, for one's say-
ing of him, May-be he will do good." (A, TA.)
And \'j£a {jjit &\ HXJ iij Verily it is meet,
ft, or proper, for one's saying of it, Verily it
is thus; or is worthy, or deserving, of one's say-
ing &c. : or verily it is a thing meet, ft, or
proper, for one's saying &c. ; or is a thing worthy,
or deserving, of one's saying &c. : of the measure
aixiU, from J\. ($ in the present art) And

«£li J**J £jl Lxj Ail Verily he is meet, ft, or
proper, for doing- that ; or is worthy, or deserving,
of doing that : or verily lie is a person meet, ft,
or proper, for doing that ; or is a person worthy,
or deserving, of doing that : and in like manner
you say of two, and of more, and of a female :
but alia may be of the measure 4U* [from oMi
i. e. a triliteral-radical word. (M.) — You also
say, Jli <UIU ^JLc »U1, meaning He came to him
at the time, or season, [or ft or proper time,]
of that ; and at the first thereof '. (M.)

lit

01 (pronoun of the first person sing.): see
art. ,jl.

2. aJI, inf. n. .^jU, He blamed, reproved,
reprehended, chid, or reproached, him : (S, M,
A, K :) or he did so severely, or angrily: (ISk,
T, S, M, A, K :) or, with the utmost severity or
harshness : (T, M, TA :) or he repulsed him,
meaning a person who asked something of him,
in the most abominable manner. (M,* K,* TA.)

w>>yl An internodal portion, or the portion
betmeen any two joints, or knots, of a cane, or
reed, and of a spear-shaft: (T :) [and] a spear,

112

or lance: pi. ^^-b'l : mentioned in this art [in
tho T, and] by Ibn-El-Mukarram [in the L].
(TA.) [See alto art ^J.]

art ^jl.

*»i, w-Jl, U-j|, ^|, and ^1 : see ,j1, in

A

1. [&S\, aor. ' , inf. n. *3w and 13^1, (see the
former of these two ne. below,) /r won, or became,

female, feminine, or o/" <A« feminine gender

And hence, oiil, said of land (,>$, : J< wa»,

or became, such at is termed iLil. Hence also.l

wJI, said of iron, t -ft w<m, or became, soft.
(OoliuB, from the larger of two editions of the
lexicon entitled iiJUl JU^*.) Accord, to IAar,
softness is the primary signification. (M.) [But
accord, to the A, the second and third of the
meanings given above arc tropical: (seeX*;!:)
and the verb in the first of the senses here assigned
to it, if not proper, is certainly what is termed
*tfj» 3 M* , i. e., conventionally regarded as
proper.]

**» • t

2. *i»1, inf. n. *t^JU, J/e matfc it (namely, a

noun [&c], S and Msb) feminine ; (S, M, L,
Msb ;) he attached to it, or to that which was syn-
tactically dependent upon it, the sign of the femi-
nine gender. (Msb.) — \He, or it, rendered him
effeminate. (KL) [See the pass. part, n., below.]
■■■ *i «iil, inf. n. as above, \ He acted gently, [or
effeminately] towards him; as also a) tȣjl3.
($» TA.) And *fj ^ „»ji, inf. n. as above, (T,
A,) J He acted gently in his affair : (A :) or he
applied himself gently to his affair : (T :) and
some say, »j*| ^ t ^Jb, meaning he acted
effeminately in his affair. (T, TA.)

4. c£T, (S, M, A, ?,) inf. n. i^t , (£,) SA«
(a woman) brought forth a female, ($, A, K,)
or females. (M.) — [And hence,] fit (land,
uij 1 ,) *xu, or became, such as is termed «^LJL>
(A.)

a*

0. »iJU 7/ (a noun [&c.]) wo*, or became, or

was »na«fe, feminine. (S, L.) See also 2, in

two places.

jjlil Female ; feminine ; of the female, or
feminine, sex, or gender; contr. of^y. (T, S,
M :) an epithet applied to anything of that sex or
gender: (T:) IAar asserts, that a woman is termed
^1 from the phrase ^il j£, q. v., because of
her softness; she being more soft than a man:
(M, L :) [but see the observation at the end of
the first paragraph of this art. :] the pi. is ilil ;
(T, S, M, A, Msb, Jf. ;) and sometimes one says
•Sail, as though it were pi. of ilil ; (S ;) or it is
[truly] pi. of i»UI, like as^i is ofJO; (T;)
and^JUt, (T,A,Msb,£,) which last occurs in
poetry. (T.) You say, iuily^Vt IjJk [This is a
(male) bird and his female]: not *3Uil. (ISk,T.)

In the £ur iv. 117, I'Ab reads CS\ [in the place
.if

uHJ* ln e y in jjjj being changed into I as in
C-iil [for C~d£]. (T, L.) — JSI v£\ \ {A femi-
nine woman,] means a perfect woman ; (T, A, K ;)
a woman being thus termed in praise ; like as a

man is termed )z>i jlj. (T,A.) [The pi.]

»i»UI also signifies \ Inanimate things; (Lh, T,
M, K ;) as trees and stones (T, K) and Vood.
(T.) In the passage of the Kur mentioned above,
lilil is said to have this meaning : (T, M :) [or it
there means females; for] Frsays that El-Latand
El-'Ozza and the like were said by the Arabs to

be feminine divinities. (T, TA.) Also t Small

stars. (K.) — And [the dual] oC^I I The two
testicles; syn. gULLLlt ; (S,K.;) or oW-o^JI
[which is said by some to mean the scrotum ; but
the former is generally, though app. not always,

meant by o^t]. (M, Mgh, Msb.) And

I The two cars: (As, T, S, M, A, M K h, £ :) because
they are of the fern, gender. (TA.) _ And + The

two tribes of Bcjeeleh and Kudd'ah. (K[ )

And ^ji\ Qi\ \The inner parts (o&$0 of

the thighs of the horse. (M, L.) And ,J^1

is also used to signify t The [engine of war called]
J* -» • '— i because the latter word is [generally] of
the feminine gender. (M.)

J ,1 • *■> *■ t <•(

£*>J: see ^J> i^j\ sji>J \ > (AA,» IAar,

T » ?, M, ?,) and t hiL, (ISh, T, M, FL,)
I Plain, even, or soft, land, or ground, (ISh,
IAar, T, M, £,) that produces many plants, or
much herbage ; (AA, T, M, K ;) or that produces
herbs, or leguminous plants, and is plain, even, or
soft; (El-Kilabce, S ;) or fitted for producing
plants, or herbage ; not rugged. (ISh, T, L.)
And «£«ejl ^jlC* A place in vhich the herbage
grows quickly, and becomes abundant. (T, L.)
And »i^i1 jXt t A country, or district, of which

the soil is soft, and plain, or even. (IAar, M, L.)

*£-*>' J*J»- 1 Female iron ; that which is not what
is termed }**} : (S, M, L, K :) soft iron. (T and
? in art uUI.) And O-tJI o£l I A sword of
female iron : (M, L :) or a stvord that is not
sharp, or cutting; a blunt sword: (T,M,»L:)
and t i.uL J£S, and * &uL, (T, M, L, K,)
mentioned 'by Lh, (T, L,) o blunt sword; (K. ;)

as also t si^iy» : (TA :) or a sword of soft iron.
(T,L.)

iiUl [inf. n. of iJi, q. v. :] The female, or
feminine, nature, or quality, or gender; (M ;)
as also t ajyi. (A.) — : The quality of land
which is termed S^)i. (A.) _* [I Softness of iron :
see vi-eil.]

«<(

— wju. ^ojl: see »iwl. _
• ;-»'•« *

ajUU : see J^J\.

[Book 1.
. «1>UL» JU, and

[A feminine wonl ; a word wwrfe /«ni-

nine Also,] (T, A, K,) and ♦ J^JI, (AA, T,)

andt^uL, (K.)andtiJuL, (TA,) \i.q. ±'L'.,
(A A, T, A, K,) i. e. An effeminate man ; one who
resembles a woman (AA, T, TA) in gentleness,
and in softness of speech, and in an affectation of
languor of t/ie limbs: (TA :) or a' man in the

form, or make, of a female. (T.) 3-S^i J£l :

see ^1 sljji ^k + Perfume that is used

by women ; such as J^JU. and £>&j, (Sh, T, L,)
and what colours the clothes : (L :) w t V I ij^fei
being such perfumes as have no colour; such as
ielU and jyl£> and jlL» and i^c and £* and
the like, which leave no mark. (T, L.)

i * :f . . • •* • « • ji

1. »~>), aor. ^ , inf. n. -_il and -.jjl and -.yl,

He (a man, S) breathed hard, or violently, in
consequence of heaviness, or oppression, experi-
enced by him as an effect of disease, or of being
out. of breath, (S, K,TA,) as though he made a
reiterated hemming in his throat, (L '-», 2j iilib,)
<w/ </«/ «o< speak clearly, or plainly : (S, TA :)
or Ac made a reiterated hemming in his throat
(».»■» ), when asked for a thing, i^ reason of
niggardliness: (L:) or Ac UftoW « /on^, or
vehement, sigh, or a t/fwf of groaning sound, ( jjj
when asked for a thing. (A.) Yon say, JjU

^}* tf 1 * IIe utt ers a long, or vehement, sigh, or
a 4iW of groaning sound, over his property [from

unwillingness to part with it]. (A.) It is said

in a trad, of Ibn-'Omar, *-£■',■ JjU ^U.j ^f'

meaning, [it is asserted, though this scorns doubt-
ful, He saw a man] raising, or lifting, his belly
with an effort, oppressed by its weight : from
£jil in the last of the senses assigned to it below.
(TA.)

• si . ,

fkil: sec «JI, with which it is syn., and of

which it is also pi.

• it • m

m>i : see -_i I, in two places.

•< '<

• A

«uyl : see the paragraph next preceding.

<£-iy» A woman bringing forth, or who brings
forth, a female, (S, £,) or females. (M.)

*-»^-* A woman wAo usually brings forth fe-
males : (8, M, 1$. :) and a man who usually begets
female children; for the measure JIjuLo applies
equally to both sexes: (S:) the contr. epithet is
of Uil or 8UJJ, .nd Fr says that it is pi. of j\±>l*. (TA.)^See also IZ£, in two places.

^>il : [see 1 :] it is also explained as signifying
A sound like that which is termed j^ij, arising from
grief, or anger, or repletion of the belly, or jea-
lousy : (L :) a sound accompanied by a reiterated
hemming in the throat (..ilij ii O^-o) : (As :)
and a sound that is heard from a man's inside, with
breathing, and a shortness of breath, or panting for
breath, which affects fat men ; as also *-Lei1. (L.)

ii iJ

--sit : see m.y\. [See also 1.]

• M 9 m

».ul : see mJ\.

• <•
»3I act. part. n. of 1; A man breathing hard,

or violently, &c. : and a man who, when he is asked

for a thing,^ makes a reiterated hemming in his

throat (f JLS i), by reason of niggardliness; as

Book I.]

*ii

also t r> i|, and t Li\, (S, K,) and t .-Ul : (Lh :)

or " *-y I signifies a man roAo hangs bach from, or

v. • • if

falls short of, doing generous deeds; as also pjjt :

(El-Ghanawee and S in art «-jl, and TA in the

present art. :) and is also applied to a horse,

meaning that runt, and makes a kind of groaning

noise ; jiji ^£j»- 'ij : this is the right reading

in the K : in some copies jiji i_£>»- li' [that

makes a rumbling sound in his belly when he runs] :

(TA :) the pi. of 1S\ is lit. (S, K.) \LS\, ap-
plied to a female, signifies Short. (K.)

, «

cr-JI

1. *y J-H, (AZ, S, M, A, Msb, K,) and aJI,

(A,) aor. '-'; (Msb, TA ;) and Jit, (S, M,' A,

Msb, K,) aor. /(M, Msb, TA) and':?; (M ;)

and (j-jl, nor. * ; (M, Sgh, K ;) inf. n. ^J\

and ilil, (S, K,) both of J-il, (S,) or JJl ,

(AZ, AHat, T, M, M ? b,) also' of Jjf, (AZ,

AHat, Msb, TA,) but this is rare, (T, TA,)

and Lr j\, (T, S, M, A, K,) which is the more

» -t t tl

common, (T, TA,) and is of ^-il, (S,) or ^-il has

a different signification from <J ~>\ the inf. n. of

- ' * H '

,^-il, [see ^1 below,] (AZ, AHat,) or it is a

- t t'A

subst. from a/ ^-Jl, (Msb,) and a-J1 ; (M ;) [but
this also is probably a subst. ;] one says ^-Jl and
a-JI, like as one says jju and Sjju ; (Ham p. 708 ;)
lie was, or became, sociable, companionable, con-
versable, inclined to company or converse, friendly,
amicable, or familiar, with him, or by means of
him, and to him : and [ aj tr-»l j Ae «>«*, or became,
cheered, or gladdened, by his company or converse,
or&y A?*, or its, presence; or cheerful, gay, or glad-
some : the inf. n. signifying the contr. oft. *.} : (T,
8, A,K :) or hewas, orbecame, at ease, or tranquil,
with him: (M :) or his heart mas, or became, at ease,
or tranquil, with him ; without shrinking, or aver-
sion: (Msb :) and Ay ♦ Lr JUwl, (S, M, A, Msb,) and
aJI, (A,) and <v " i^-itf, signify the same, (S,
M, Msh,) i. e., die same as ^1 (M, A, Msb,
TA) and JJ\ (M, Msb) and Jj'l : (M :) (•,"& J-*'
is likewise explained as signifying Ae delighted, or
rejoiced, in such a one ; he was happy, or pleased,
with him : (IAar, TA:) [and ♦ *_>!, a form of fre-
qnent occurrence, inf. n. i~i\y», which occurs in
this art. in the TA, also signifies he was, or became,

sociable, &c, with him ; like Ay J->l &c. : it is

- t" ' . .,
also said in the TA that Ay u ~j\ and aj ^ ^S\ are

" ' » " -.

syn., mcRning, app., like Ay ^Uwl and Ay ^U,

and that u — >l in this case is therefore of the
measure Jils ; but tliis admits of some doubt, as
it is said immediately after a-JI as meaning the
contr. of ii^i :] and t y-iU-l, (K, TA,) said of
a wild animal, (TA,) signifies [he became familiar,

or tame, or domesticated; or] Aw mildness (•* Vj")
departed: (K,TA:) you say JJullJ^Ut ;U. Ijl

oei*^'

>lj ,^*j J^ [ WAen <Ae n?^A<

comes, every wild animal becomes familiar with
his kind-, and every human being becomes shy of
his kind, i. e., of such thereof as he does not know,
when meeting them in the dark]. (A, TA, Msb
in art. J~~- y.)
Bk. I.

£J1 — u^ 1

2 : a-JI, inf. n. w-JV, He rendered him fami-
liar ; or tame. (KL.)aBsSce also 4, in three
places.

3 : see 1, in two places.

4. Ul, (M, K,) inf. n. ^.iLl , (S,) He behaved

in a sociable, friendly, or familiar, manner with

him; [see 1, in two places;] he, or it, cheered him,

or gladdened him, by his company or converse, or by

his, or its, presence ; he, or it, solaced, or consoled,

j ' « ti 1 -<~

him; contr. of fciawyt; (S,*K;) as also "a— if,

« 2'
(K,) inf. n. ^^wU : (S, K :) or he, or t<, rendered

him easy, at ease, or tranquil ; as also * tlie latter
verb, occurring in the following ex. : Ul*_>

i - ' > Of >i*'l* *tl l,t*'t i lit r t it*

^j ...«»■; jl AJMtlgl AJl^iL A .. '^j ^^^3*9 OL-J^oJU

aJ» [7/e Aai called them (referring to weapons)
ol—rj^J! because they render him at ease with his
adversaries, and secure, or cause him to have
a good opinion of his safety, and thus, cheer him,
or solace him, by their presence], (M : [and

the like is said in the A.]) = //<; perceived it;

* " *
syn. of the inf. it. Jlj>l. (TA.) _ He saw

him, or it, (S, M, A,* Msb, YL,) and looked at

him, or it; (M, TA;) as also * a — il, inf. n.

• t' * ' '

,^-eiU ; (K ;) and * A-JU-/I : (M :) or he saw

it so that there was no doubt or uncertainty in

it : or Ae saw it, meaning a thing by the sight

or presence of which he was cheered, gladdened,
• * * j * t

solaced, or consoled ; ^UjJ signifying U jLayl

aj u-ijj : (Bd in xx. 9 :) or Ac saw it, not having

before known it, or been acquainted with it.

(T A.) __ He heard it ; namely, a sound or voice.

(S, &.) — He felt it ; was sensible of it ; (M, K,

TA ;) experienced it in himself; (TA ;) namely,

[for instance,] fright, or fear. (A, TA.) __ He

knew it: (S, M, Msb, K :) Ae was acquainted

with it : (TA :) Ae had certain knowledge of it ;

was certain of it. (M, TA.) You say, *z~~i\

* t j *t

tjLi. Ai* (S, A, TA) J knew him to be charac-

* t»
terized by juij, (S, TA,) i. e., maturity of intel-
lect, and rectitude of actions, and good manage-
ment of affairs. (TA.) [See ]£ur iv. 5.] And
it is said in a prov., ^1-^1 c "}Usl jjy, i. e. After

appearance [is knowledge, or certain knowledge].
(Fr, TA.)

5. Ay y-JU: see l.r=i_£jUI ^M Tke falcon
looked, raising his head (M, A, £) and his eyes.
(A.) _ a) ^~>\J : see 10.

10. i^JUwt, and Ay ^Uwt and a^JI : see 1. =
k _ J — >Vi_(t signifies also He (a wild animal) became
sensible of the presence or nearness of a human
being. (S,K.) = 7/e looked; as in the phrase

I j— I !jy Jjk ^-JU^Ii w-jkil [Co <Aou a« ( Z look
if thou see any one] : (Fr, TA :) Ae considered,
or examined, endeavouring to obtain a clear know-
ledge of a thing ; (K, TA ;) and looked aside, or
about, to ascertain if he could see any one :
(TA :) Ae sought, or asked for, knowledge, or
information; he inquired : (M, TA :) and hence,
(Bd in xxiv. 27,) Ae asked permission. (Fr, Zj,

K, TA, and Bd ubi supra.) It is said in the Kur

' f't' a- ti 11 ,t, t it j, », ,

[xxiv. 27], U-JU-3 ^ jf2*tt *e* Uw l*U.ju *$

\ } t V,., ~t } [Enter ye not houses other llian your
own houses] until ye inquire whether its inhabit-
ants desire that ye should enter or not; [and

113

salute :] (M :) or (which is essentially the same,

M) until ye ask permission : (Fr, Zj, M, TA :)

but Fr says that the sentence presents an inversion,

and that the meaning is, until ye salute, and ask

if ye shall enter or not : (TA :) I 'Ab says that

I^_JU-J is a mistranscription ; and he and Ubei

j t ■ « *
and Ibn-Mcs'ood read ty^U-J, which signifies

the same : (Az, TA :) [it is said that] ^,-JU-l
also signifies Ac made a reiterated hemming, like
a slight coughing ; [as a man docs to notify his
nearness;] syn. ■ *r **• and so some explain it
in the text of the Kur quoted above. (TA.).^
a) u-jUwI He listened to, or endeavoured or sought
to hear, him, or it; as also t^^JU. (A.) [See

St

the Kur xxxiii. £3.] as a-JI^I : see 4.
• tl
u ~>\ Sociableness ; companionableness ; con-

versa bleness ; inclination to company or converse;
friendliness; amicableness ; socialness ; famili-
arity : cheerfulness ; gayness ; gladsomeness :
contr. of aJU-j : (T, S, A, K :) joy; gladness ;
happincs*: (Har p. G52 :) or en*e, or tranquil-
lity: (M :) or ease, or tranquillity, oflieart, and
freedom from shrinking, or from aversion :
(Msb :) an inf. n. of 1, (S, M,) as arc alto * ^rJl
and * i-li I (S,K) and t JJ|, (M,) but this is
rare as signifying the contr. of <U*>^ : (T, TA :)
or " ^1 is the inf. n. of Ay ^1 ; but i^-il is not :
( AZ, AHat, Msb, TA :) this latter is a subst. from
that verb [signifying as explained above] : (Msb:)
or only signifying converse, and companionship,
or familiarity, with women; ( AZ, AHat, TA ;)
or amatory conversation and conduct ; or the talk
of young men and young women : (Fr, TA :)

[but of all the forms above, ,_^JI is that which
is most commonly used, at least in post-classical
works, as signifying the contr. of a^*-j.] __
[Also \ Delight, as meaning a cause of delight,
or thing that gives delight.] A poet says,

j^i^ll* ^L- ly
^.JL-il _^ ^1 U> LJI

t >. 11

* JL-J\ U*._,t Ulll jus •

[O inhabitants of Mekkch, may ye not cease to
be a delight to us : verily I have not forgotten
you : there is in you no fault beside your saying,
at meeting, Your sociableness, or companiableness,
Sec, has made us feel lonely and sad; meaning,
in your absence]. (TA in art. ^lo-j.) [See

i£«.y. But this signification, though allowable

ti * t

as tropical, is perhaps post-classical.] —^-Jl ^1 :

r I tl 3 tit % * J 1 ll JM #•*

and O^ tr-»' OV 1 O*** : an " ,iA - « cH' >- A e £ > !

#t ^ #^ #^ » • # ••

and JLJI jj_>l i_$y * J> .. r- > : see u-il-

• • • *A 1

y«J1: see Lr j\, in two places, bib t A chosen,

select, particular, or special, friend or companion;

(S,K;) as also yJl ^yl, (S,K,) or t^JI J^l.

# ■ » t *

(So in a copy of the A.) You say, j^-JI (j* ;
(S ;) and iuJl , and iLil &\; (K ;) J This is
wy chosen, or particular, friend ; (S ;) and My
chosen, or particular, friend. (K.) And ,j^jl»

O^i u-i' C«C (S,) or o^* f ^l i*t, (A,)

15

114

t Such a one is the chosen, or particular, friend
of such a one. (S, A.) One also says, u i*^-»
i«-Jl ^Tand * iL)|, (S, M,) or ^\ \JJi J&b
OLJJ (AZ, Fr, A) and VjUM, (A,) meaning him-
self, (AZ, Fr.S.TA,) i. o., \lIom dost thou regard
me in mi/ companionship with thee ? (S :) or
the meaning is, J how dost thou find thyself?
(A:) or how is thyself? (M, TA.)i= Mankind;

(S, M, A, K ;) the opposite of {jt*. j (M|b ;) as
also * Jjf, (Akh, S, TA,) and ♦ oCJl ; (A, K ;)
llie lust lit-infr a Ren- n., (Msb,) but applied to the
male (S,* Msb) and female, (S, Msb, K,) and sing.

and pi. : (Msb :) one is [also] termed ♦ 4 ^-JI and

* i«— » ; (?, K *'«" former of which is a rel. n.
_ • • * .t
from ^-il ; (M ;) [and the latter, from ^1 : the

fern, of each is with » :] the vulgar apply to a
woman, instead of tpLJI, [which is the more
approved,] tiiLjt: (S,K:) this latter [accord,
to some] should not be used : (S :) but it is cor-
rect, though rare : it is said in the K to occur
in poetry, but supposed to be post-classical : it
occurs, however, in classical poetry, and has been
transmitted by several authors : (MF :) the pi.
(of JJl, M,TA) is J-UT; (M,K,TA;) and
(of the same, K in art. ^*y>, or of 1 £)\11\, M)
^jUI, (M, K ubi supra,) with which ^U is syn.,
(S, M, Msb, K,) being a contraction thereof; (Sb,
S, M, Msb;) and (of t^J, S, M, or ^^S\,
S, or of * o4- Lb, S, M, Msb) A-UI, (Lh, S,
M, Msb,$,) like as tfAjm is pi. of !*-■>£>, or
like as ^aAj* is pi. of o*"v*> but \£ being
substituted for p, (M, TA,) after the same man-
ner as they say ptjl for ^'J' i (fr, TA ;) and
y-ljt, (Lh, M,) in the accus. case jV'UI, as the
word is read in the Kur xxv. 51, by Kb, (TA,)
and by YahyJt Ibn-El-Harith, (K, T A,) dropping
the ^ between the second and last radical letters,
[for, with some others, it seems, they held the
word to Ihj derived from the root i*-i,] (TA,)

• * * ft ^^

and i— lit, (S, M, K,) in which the S is a sub-
stitute for one of the two yas in .«-<UI, a pi. of

• * t • » *§ z
y^LJI ; or, accord, to Mbr, i^-Ul is pi. of . —SI,

■ •- • *■*• •

[in the TA, of i-~jl, which I regard as a mis-

transcription,] and is like iSjDj for.JyjUj, and
Zjj\ji for 0<j'>*> (M,TA;) and you say also
\jyt-iV. (TA.) ,jJi is masc, as in the Kur
ii. ID, &.c. ; and sometimes fern., as meaning A
tribe, or a body of men, iLj, or US\L ; as in

the phrase, mentioned by Th, ^Ul SigaL, mean-
ing, The tribe, or portion of people (iifai), came
to thee. (M, TA.) * pCj-Mt £ means The sons
of Adam. (M.) And ^Ut ^Ul, an expression
mentioned by Sb, means, Men in every place and
in every state are men : a poet says,

*& * 3 j ' Up * * '

» * * *•

meaning [j! country in which we were, and
which we used to love,] since the men were in-
genuous men, and the country was a fruitful

country. (M.) The following trad., M eUsf y
^ £& J c^^l yj J-W» If God complied
with the prayer of men with rcsjyect to men there
would be no men, is said to mean, that men love
to have male children born to them, and not
females, and if there were no females, or if the
females were not, men would cease to be. (TA.)
It is related that a party of the jinn, or genii,
came to a company of men, and asked permission
to go in to them, whereupon the latter said to
them, Who are ye ? and they answered, £y» ^U
!>aJI [A people of the jinn], making their answer
to accord, with common usage ; for it is customary
for men, when it is said to them, Who arc ye ?
to answer, ^>* ^> ±y, ^U [il/<?/» of the sons
of such a one]. (IJ, M, L : but in the L, for
yjjj, in both instances, we find ,^-UI.) [See also
^li in art. v>y.] Respecting the derivation of
~ O^— 'j> authors differ, though they agree that
the final ,j is augmentative: the Basrees say that
it is from ^,-iSI ; (Msb ;) and its measure is
(j"iUi ; (S, Msb ;) but an addition, of ^£, is

made in its dim., [which is oV^-s^'j] like as an
addition is made in J»~ijij, the dim. of JjLj :
(S :) [but it should be observed that J*«-!jj is more
probably the dim. of Jjflj :] some sliy that it is
from ^UjI, signifying " perception," or " sight,"
and " knowledge," and " sensation ;" because
man uses these faculties : (TA :) and Mohammad
Ibn-'Arafeh El-Wasitce says that men arc called

Ox^J because they arc seen dj^-jjj, i. e.
Ojji)) an< I that the jinn are called ^^j*. because
they are [ordinarily] concealed (py "«> », i. e.
Oii^y^i) fr° m the sight of men : (TA :) [it is
said in the B, as cited in the TA, that the form
(jL-il is also used for pL-it ; as though it were
a dual, meaning " a double associate," i. c., an
associate with the jinn and with his own kind ;
for it is added, JkUJW J-ili J!>*-JW ^1 :] some

derive the word from ^yJI, signifying "motion:"
(TA :) some (namely, the Koofces, Msb) say that
it is originally 0**-?[> (?, Msb, TA,) of the
measure O****^ (?,Msb,) from j( t pi\ ["for-
getfulness"], (Msb,) and contracted to make it
more easy of pronunciation, because of its being so
often used ; (S ;) but it is restored to its original
in forming the dim., (S, Msb,) which is oW-^l ■
(Msb, TA:) this form of die dim., they say,
shows the original form of the word which is its

source ; (TA ;) and they adduce as an indication

- • % • • » * j *fl

of its derivation the saying of I 'Ab, ._o-> l«j|

LJ — ^ Ae>t jty* aj's) ULJJ [He (meaning the first
man) was only named pl—il because lie was com-
manded and he forgot] : (S, TA :) [in like man-
nor,] it is said that ^-Ut is originally ^y-UI ; the
former of these, accord, to one reading, and the
latter accord, to another, occurs in the Kur ii. 195;
the latter referring to Adam, and to the words of
the Kur in xx. 114: (TA:) but Az holds that
ple-jj is of the measure oWA**> from (j-j^t,
and similar to jLoji.. (L,TA.»)

[Book I.

• ,i

Lr j\ i. q. j^JI, q. v. (S, K.) = Also I. q. Jjl,
q. v. (Akh, S, TA.) — Also A numerous com-
pany of men ; (K,» TA ;) many men. (TA.)

A tribe ((j*-) staying, residing, dwelling, or
abiding : (S, K :) the people of a place of alighting
or abode : (M, TA : [but in the latter, in one
place, said to be Jjl, with kesr; though a verse
cited in both, as an ex., shows it to be ^j\ :]) the
inhabitants of a house: (A A, TA :) pi. (of the
word in the first sense, of these three, TA, and in

the second, M, TA) J,uT. (M, TA.) One with

whom a person is sociable. (Ham p. 130.) You say
also, ^/yi trJl^ They are they with whom such
a one is sociable ( j/nt j\ JjliJj ±>> JJ1). (Lh, M.)

And Al«jk». y-il yk He is much accustomed to the
serving of him. (Hur p. 472.)

i-il ». q. yJI, q. v. (S, K.)
S .

(,-Jl Of, or belonging to, mankind; human;
j , t I .t

[as also * ^5-J', and * ^jiLJI ;] a rid. n. from

u*i\. (M.) ^_ A human being ; a man ; as also
t^l,(S,K,)andO-il- (?,A,M ? I.,K.) See
u— il, in two places. __ [Domestic, as opposed to

♦- • *) >

wild. Ex.] a-— Jt j+a* Domestic asxes ; asses that

are accustomed to the houses : commonly known as

written with kesr to the »: but in the book of

Aboo-Moosii is an indication of its beiii" with

♦a *i °

damm to the > [«L-il] : and as some relate a trad.

in which it occurs, ie-JI, which is said to be of no

account. (TA.) The left side ( AZ, S, M, Msb,

K) of an animal, (Msb,) or of a beast and of a

man, (M,) or of anything : (AZ, S, K :) or the

right side : (Ar, S :) [but the latter seems to be a

mistake :] Az says that Lth has well explained

tins term and its contrary ^jZj^j, saying that the
latter is the right side of every beast; and the
former, the left side ; agreeably with those of the
first authority in sound learning; and [that] it is
related of El-Mufaddal and As and AO, that all
of them usscrted the latter to be, of every animal
except man, [the "far" side, or "off" 6idc,] the
side on which it is not milked nor mounted ; and
the former, [the wear side,] the side on which the
rider mounts and the milker milks : (TA in art.
l^-J [ a »d the like is said, as a citation from Az,
in the Msb in art. (_Ao- 5 : but after this, in mv
copy of the Msb, there seems to 1«3 an omission ;
for it is immediately added, " But Az says, This
is not correct in my opinion :"] it is said that
everything that is frightened declines to its right
side; for the beast is approached to be mounted
and milked on the left side, and, fearing thereat,
runs away from the place of fear, which is the left
side, to the place of safety, which is the right side :
(S,* IAmb in Msb ; both in art. i£**j :) [ac-
cordingly,] Er-Ra'ec describes a beast as declining
to the side termed ^j»-^ I because frightened on
the left side : (S and Msb in art. ^A^-j :) and
'Antarah alludes to one's shrinking with the side
so termed from the whip, [which he likens to a
cat,] because the whip of* the rider is in his right
hand: (Sin art. ,_Ae>j :) but Abu-l-'Abbas says
that people differ respecting these two terms when
relating to a man : that, accord, to some, they
mean the same in this case as in the cases of horses

Book I.]

and other beasts of carriage, and of camels : but

some say, that in the case of a man, the latter term

means the part next the shoulder-blade ; and the

former, the part next the arm-pit. (TA in art.

^ta-j.) Of every double member of a man, as the

upper half of ench arm, and the two forearms,

and the two feet, it means That [side] which is

towards the man ; and ^jZ+~j, that which turns

away from him : (As, S :) or, of the foot, the

former means that [side] which in towards the

other foot; [i. e., the inner side ;] and the latter,

the contrary of the former. (TA in art. y£-*-y)

Of a bow, (S, M, K,) or of a Persian bow, (TA in

art. i^»j,) That [side] which is forwards thee;

(S, KL ;) and ^i»-j, the back : (S and K in art.

tA»-j or the former, that [side] which is next to

the archer; and the latter, that which is next to

the animal shot at: (M,TA :) or of a bow, whether

Persian or not is not said, [the former means the

side against which the arrow lies ; and] the latter,

the side against which the arrow does not lie.

(TA in art. J^j.)

' -' * * 3 *

i-— 31 : sec ^1 and .-- it, each in two places.

• 0* •»-• • • S •

(jLJlandiiLJI: sec ^ I, passim; and^^j-Jt.—

,j^j01 (jllil t The image that is seen [reflected] in
the blarh of the eye ; (S, K ;) what is seen in
the eye, lihe as is seen in a mirror, when a thing
faces it : (Zj in his " Khalk el-Insiin :") or the

pupil, or apple, (jio^>,) of the eye : (M :) or the

. . , ' i -i

bltick (i»J*-) of the eye: (Msb :) pi. jr-WI, (S,

. .1 '

Msb, K,) but not ^Ul. (S.)

i .. 5 . „ .„ .

ijjtjl : sec 15—Jl, first signification.

%& * »
[iJL_>l Unman nature; humanity ; as also

O5-.U, which is ]>robably post-classical, opposed
to Oy."^, q. v., in art. t^).]

* '* . . /. * l'

i^yl A tame, or gentle, dog; contr. of J9 i£- :

pi. JJf. (M, A, K.) — See also A-it.

w+A i. q. 1 u~J\y» [generally used as an epithet
in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,
meaning, A sociable, companionable, conversable,
friendly, or familiar, person; a cheerful com-
panion] : (S, K :) one with whom one is sociable,
companionable, conversable, friendly, familiar, or
cheerful : (K. :) a person, (A,) or anything, (S,)
by whose company, or converse, or presence, one
is cheered, gladdened, solaced, or consoled. (S,
A.) You say, ,^1 ^IjJW ** (or, as in some

copies of the K, j^-31 ,>«,) There is not in the
house any one by whose company, or converse, or
presence, one is cheered, gladdened, solaced, or
consoled: (A:) or there is not in the house any
one. (S,M,K.) [See also LsT.] — J^i-jHtTA*
domestic cock; (AA, K ;) also called jiiJI. (TA.)
__alei^1 I The fire; (IAar, A, KL ;) as also

♦ ilyU, [imperfectly decl., being a proper name

and of the fern, gender,] (M,) and * A-y l»Jt, (M,
KL,) of which [says ISd] I know no verb : (M :)
because, when a man sees it in the night, he
becomes cheerful and tranquil thereat, even if it
be in a desert land. (TA.) You say, i~y*i!l C*3l/

,_>J1 — «JL51

\ {The fire was during night his cheerful
companion, or Lit cheerer by its presence]. (A,
TA.)

,_»«il [More, and most, sociable, &c.]. Hence,
^,+nJI ^y» u~i\ t [A closer companion than
fever] : a saying of the Arabs, meaning, that
fever scarcely ever quits the patient; as though it
were sociable with him. (M, TA.)

i_il ajjU. A girl of cheerful mind, (Lth, A,
K, TA,) whose nearness, and conversation, or
discourse, thou lovest, (Lth, TA,) or whose con-
versation, or discourse, and nearness, are loved:
(A :) or a girl of pleasant conversation or dis-
course; as also * .-ly' : (M :) and <£»iJ**J\ i-jl
who becomes sociable, companionable, conversable,
friendly, familiar, or cheerful, by means of thy
(Wiversation or discourse : it does not mean who
cheers thee [by conversation or discourse] : (S :)
pL JJtjf (Lth,A,TA) and OlliT: (Lth,TA:)

and the pi. of ^>^>'\ is ^t. (M, TA.) [Sec also
• t

,^-JU [app. i. q. y-yU 0^>> <1- ▼•] ( A

v~jy» t A name which the Arabs, (S, M,) and
the ancients, (M,) used to give to Thursday ; (S,
M;) because on that day they used to incline to
places of pleasure ; and 'Alee is related to have
said that God created Paradise on Thursday, and

named it thus. (M, TA.) oLJyJI X Weapons:

(M, A:) or all weapons: (K:) or the spear and

* ft '9 ' * '

the jii-o and the JUaJ and the is— J and the
^jj (Ft, K) and the sword and the helmet :
(IKtt, TA:) so called because they render their
possessor at ease with his adversaries, and secure,
or cause him to have a good opinion [of his
safety, and thus, cheer him, or solace him, by
their presence: see 4]. (M, A.*)^See also

triyU o^j (M,) and ^yU Jj»~o, (A,) [A

place, and] a place of alighting or abode, in which

" *

is Lr -j\ [i. e. sociablcness, etc.] : (A :) ^yU is a

kind of possessive noun, because they did not say

* * J m '% Itwt 3X0

^lx«3l Cwt, nor <£~jt. (M, L.) _- 2->y U and

,0 0X0 % t

Awyl^l : see t^-JI.

t.,

±j~J\yo: see

JjU^l 1 7%e Hon ; (TS, K ;) as also t Jjuljl
(TS, TA :) or he tluit is sensible of the prey from
afar, (K, TA,) and examines and looks about for
it. (TA.)

* t* • J

j_^jU— ttJI : sec what next precedes.

oUt

I,, t

1. *U1, (T, S, M, K,) aor. 7 (M, K) and * ,

(K,) inf. n. Jf\, (U,) He ttruch, (T,S,5,) or
hit, or Aur<, (M,) Ail nose ; (T, S, M, EL ;) namely,
a man's. (S.) _ It (the water) reached hit note,
(T, S, K,) on the occasion of his descending into
a river ; (S ;) as also * <uul, (K, [but in some
copies written again aA3I,]) inf. n. >-iUjt. (TK.)
saJ^NI oiJl, (inf. n. as above, TA,) The

llo

camels trod herbage, or patture, such at it termed

jtfl, (ISk,S, K!,) i. e., roAiVA /«a<i not been pas-
tured upon. (S.) [But in the TT, as from the
M, I find ♦ wiill, (which should rather be written
oult, or, accord, to the more usual mode, out,)
He trod such herbage, or pasture.] t%m *-*»!, aor. ; ,
(S, M, K,) inf. n. Jul, (M,) He (a camel) had a
complaint of, or suffered pain in, his note, from
the iji [or 7iose-ring] : (S, M, Kl :) from ISk.
(S.)___JjSI C-JLil, accord, to certain of the
Kilabccs, means The flies alighted upon the noses
of the camels, and they sought placet which they
did not seek before. (T.) — <U« owl, aor. : ,

inf. n. JLil (S, M, Msb, I£) and lii'l, (S, M, K,)
or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) [He turned
up his nose at it;] he disdained it; scorned it;
abstained from it, or refused to do it, by reason
of disdain and pride; (S, M, Msb,!r> ;) he dis-
HJted it, or hated it, and hit soul was above it ;
(L ;) namely, a thing : (S, M, L, Msb :) and he
shunned it, avoided it, or hept himself far from
it : (Msb :) and he disliked it, or hated it ;
nomcly, a saying. (AZ, T, Msb.) You say,

'19 *'t f% 9%0

O"^ £r° »"' lco"" 1 v -^'j '-•1-' ' tave noi seen an V
one more vehemently disdainful, or scornful, tlian
such a one]. (S.) And ll5» iU> j* J4». He
conceived, in consequence of that, disdain, or scorn,
arising from indignation and anger. (TA, from
a trad.) [The verb is also trans, without £«• :

you say,] ^sliu ^jl uwO [He disdains, or scorns,

or refuses to bear, or to submit to, being injured],

1
(]£.) [When immediately trans.,] oul also signi-
fies He loathed, disliked, or regarded with disgust.
(IAar, T.) You say, *^DI ^-«JI wiil The camel
loathed, disliked, or regarded with disgust, the
herbage, or pasture. (T.) And »j«Aj >Ula)l «JUI

He disliked tke food ^c. (M.) And ^>-»* wJLil

jJUt tjdk «Jjk 7'Am my mare disliked this region.

(T, as heard from an Arab of the desert.) And
0090 0000
lyJltteJ ouU She (a woman, and a mire, and a

camel, being pregnant,) dislikes her male, or ttal-
lion. (T.) And cJ^t, said of a woman, signifies
She, being pregnant, had no appetite for any-
thing. (Ibn-Abbad, KL.)

2 : see 4. ass <JtJO also signifies \ The sharpen-
ing, or making pointed, the extremity of a tiling.

(S.) You say of a spear-head, or an arrow-head,

00X 9 t*

or a blade, ijtfl, inf. n. »_ifjl3, (K!,) t It was

sharpened or pointed [at its extremity]. (TA.)

_ [Used as a subst.,] fSkarpnett of the extremity

of the hock ; which, in a horse, is approved.

(TA.) ^11)1 JifJU J?t, said by an Arab of the

desert in describing a horse, means fHe was made
even, like as is made even the cut thong or strap.
(M.) = t The seeking after herbage, or patture,

(K1,TA,) tuck at it termed uS\. (TA.) — uS\
4JL0, (T,) or J^^'i (£1) >n£ n. as above ; and
fV#T, (T, ?,$,') inf. n. JWI; (T;) +J5T. |*m-
furcd Am 2>«m&i t»pon <A« ^?r*< of the herbage :
(T :) or he pursued, with the camels, repeatedly,
or gradually, or step by step, (S, KL, TA,) after
the firtt of the herbage, (S,) or after tke herbage

15 •

110

which had not been pastured upon : (!£,• TA :) or
he went with them thereto. (L.)

4. '*Ai'\, (S, M,JC.) inf. n. Jty, (S,) He, (S,)
or it, (M,) made him to have a complaint of, or
to suffer pain in, his nose. (8, M, 1£.) — See also
«Uul._//e, or it, induced him to feel disdain,
scorn, indignation, and anger; (IF, M, K, TA ;)

as also * *ajI, inf. n. ouiO : (K :) or caused him
to dislike, or hate, or to loath, or feel disgust.
(T.) tmm t He hastened it ; namely, his affair.
(Ibn-'Abbad, K.) = See also 2. ™«Juf as an
intrans. verb : sec 1.

- * £ list* *

5. OtjyJJI <JuUJ f She desires of her husband,
with eagerness, one thing after another, by reason
of intense longing in pregnancy. (T, the Moheet,
L, K.*)__ u l.>.Nt Juli^ \He seeks the brethren,
they disdaining, or scorning, or disliking; not
holding social intercourse with any one. (TA.)

8 : sec 10.

10. oiJUwl and * <uul [written with the dis-
junctivc alif a/L^jI] f 7/e ^»»/< [its JUI, i. e.,] Me
first of it : (M :) he began it, or commenced it :
(S,»M, Msb, K:') or t. q. iuill [which has
also the latter of the two significations mentioned
above, (Mgh in art. ,J-»,) a "d moreover signifies
he anticipated it ; and from what follows here, it
seems to be probable that this last signification,
as well as the other, may be meant by it in this
instance] : (T, M :) namely, a thing, (M, Msb,)
or an affair. (T.) You say, js.yj aajUwI \He
made him a promise in anticipation ; without his
asking it of him. (M.) And, of a woman,

*)j\ —l£Jl> £*iipL*\ f [She was just married, or
lidded, for the first time]. (M.) Sec also Jul,

wf • « 19 *

last sentence. — [Hence, J UUJ <-*j»-, in gram-
mar, An inceptive particle, placed at the com-
mencement of a nerv proposition grammatically
independent of that which precedes it.]

***

owl a word ofwcll-known meaning; (Lth, T,

K ;) The nose ; syn. U .K** ; (Msb ;) the aggre-
gate composed of the two nostrils and" the septum
and the [bone called] i~a3, which is the hard
part of the >Jut ; (MF ;) t. q. j iL.:.» [which is
evidently an explanation by a synecdoche, as this
word properly signifies nostril] : (M :) it pertains

* **' •
to man and to others : (S :) * Jul is a dial. var.

of tho same ; (MF, TA ;) and so is " oiJt , which

is a form used by the vulgar peculiarly : (TA :)

9*. 9 'i*

the pi. [of pane] is Jul and «J>lil (8, M, Msb,

£) and [of mult.] Jy f (. (T, S, M, Msb, £.)
The dual is applied to The two nostrils ; as in

the saying of Muzahim El-'Okeylee, *&[* ^y-i
eVUI [He scents with his two nostrils the dust].

(TA.) You say also, *U\ n. . li .> yk I He scents,
or sniffs, the odour, and follows it. (T, [in which,
however, I find *-i> in the place of *-~~>,] O, L,
If, TA.) And, of a she-camel, V*& >£5 \ [She
makes a shorn of affection with her nose, by
smelling her young one; not having true love].
( S, M, K, voce p\ Ju> ; &c. : see also ^o/slc.)

And ->ju\ JUa. oU, (S, K, &c, in art. ou»-,) and

it

• -«£
4LJU1

(1£ ibid.,) t-f« <#e^ [a natural

death,] on his bed, (£,) without being slain or

beaten (S, K) or drowned or burned. (ly. [See

art. UBW.1) And «uut ,*♦»- J Ife became vehe-

mently angry, or enraged ; as also ajuI ytjj.

& * • j #
(IAth. [See also art. ,—»..]) And !*••■ *J»-j

Ju^t t A disdainful, or scornful, man ; who dis-
dains, or scorns, being injured. (T, K, TA. [Sec,
again, art. ,«•»•.]) And ou'j)! ,->-< t [lit. High-
nosed, signifies the same ;] t. q. ^Uil. (T, K.)

f»* t 4~' ~* S *»t

And »V»Jt ^ji Cwtj tU— Jl ^ji <Ju\ t [A wo.«e
m the sky and a rrtmp in the water] ; a prov.,
applied to him who magnifies himself in words
and is little in actions. (Har p. 641.) And Jj»».
»Ui ,j 4aM I [lit //e ;>«/ his nose in the back
of his neck] ; meaning he turned amay from the
truth, or what was right, and betook himself to
what was false, or vain : (K, TA :) expressing
the utmost degree of turning away, or turning the

head, from a thing. (TA.) And ^Jan cUI
AiJt, (M,£,) and «4il J-o>», (M,) \[Hc neg-
lected, or left unprotected,] the womb from which
he had come forth: (Th, M :) or the ».ji of his

mother. (Ibn-'Abbad, K.) And cyu *) J»~ii\ yb
<Uil, and c .mlj •v), f lie is the speaker, or orator,
w/to is not to be rebutted. (TA.) ju*^1 (Jul
+ [77*« nose of the lion] is t/te asterism called
Sjidl, q. v. (Kzw in his Description of the Man-
sions of the Moon.)__t [A. prominent part of
anything, as being likened to a nose ;] the ex-
tremity of anything. (M.) [Thus,] jli. out
t A prominence, or projecting part, of a moun-
tain. (T, S, M, Msb, TA.) V W1 will, (S, M. K,
TA,) in [some of] the copies of the KL, erro-
neously, vW", ( TA >) I The extremity, (S, M,KI,

TA,) or edge, (M,TA,) of the canine tooth, or

- *°t

tush, when it comes forth. (S, M, K, TA.) out

^-jUI v_i»- t27te extremity ofthe^mJ^ [i. e. <oc,
or cac/t of the two nails of the foot,] oft/ie camel.
(T, K.) <l1I" Jt1 t The fore part, (M, TA,)
or side, (^,) o/ tlie beard. (M, £, TA.) Jut
JjUI f 77w toe, or foremost extremity, of the

sandal [also called its SJLwl and its <ulii]. (M.)

• * ***

^yUt Uil f 77i.c two extremities which are in the

inner sides of tlie two curved ends of the bow.

(M.) _ t The first, or first part, of anything ;

(S, M, K ;) relating also to times ; (M ;) as also

t J&Li. (M.TA.) Thus, Jb^JS J& \The
first of the herbage, or pasture. (S,* M.) (Jul
jV ,'t -fTlte first vegetation produced by the rain.
(T, K.) J^iJI JUI ^ ;U- t [/Jc came among
the first of tlie horses, or horsemen]. (TA.) jL»
jtyJI (Jul ■«» J [ff« journeyed in the first part
of the day]. CI A.) J^i J^ wJil li* !?%"
t» </i« first of tlie things which such a one has
begun to do. (T, TA.) jjLl Juf, (T,S,M,)
and ^JjJI, (M,) f 2%« ^r«t of tlie run, or r«»-
ning: (T:) Me mo«< vehement tliereof. (T, S,
M,?:.*) ijjl Ju\ ^ Tlie first of the cold: (T:)
</»e most veliement thereof; (T, S, M ;) so says

[Book I

Yaakoob. (S.) % A lord, or chief. (IAar,T,

K.) You say, ouy wivl yk 1 -He it </tc fcrd, or
cAtc/, of his people. (TA.) __ t A piece broken
off of a cake of bread. (IjC, TA.) ^ t A part of
ground, or land, that is hard, and lying open,
exposed to the sun. (IF, 1£.)

uul : sec \Jul, first sentence : mm and see <Jul.

Jul : sec Jul, first sentence.

Jul A camel having a complaint of, or suffer-
ing pain in, his nose, from the S^ [or nose-ring] :
(ISk, S, M, K :) or wounded by the nose-rein,
whether it be with a ^tLi». or iff (A 'Obeyd, T,
M) or iotjji. [all of which are different kinds of
nose-rings]. (A* Obeyd, T.) And consequently,
Submissive, and tractable : (S, TA :) or submis-
sive and obedient, that dislikes chiding and beating,
and goes as he is able to do sj>ontaneously and
easily : (Aboo-Sa'ced, TA :) and * Jul signifies
the same ; (A 'Obeyd, M, K ;) but the former is
the more correct and the more chaste : (Sgh, ^£ :)

4 it, 9 J •# ^^

by rule, it should be <JyU, like j^jua«, (T, S,
M,) and C))":"- (T, S.) To such a camel, the
believer is likened in a trad. ; (T, S, M ;) because
he ceases not to complain, or suffer pain ; (M ;)
or because he docs not require to l>c chidden nor
to be punished, but endures and performs what
is incumbent on him. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) _
Disdaining, or disdainful; scorning, or scornful;
i. q. Ju^JI it**- : and " (jUil [signifies the

same;] t. q. Ju^)l IJ ^. (T, K.) = Sce also
Jul.

til * , >'

oul i«ijj \A meadow of new herbage, (Msb,)
not pastured upon (S, Msb, K.) by any one ; (S ;)

as also t Juy»: (Ibn-'Abbdd,KL :) or untrodden:

. " «w
contracted, by poetic licence, into *«Jul, in a verse

ul X. .
of Abu-n-Nejm. (M.) And Jul "jHfe t Herbage

not pastured upon (S, M) by any one. (M.)

— Jul ijJ& t A cup of mine not drunk : (]£ :)
or from which one has not drunlt before; as
though the drinking thereof were [but just] begun;

%li 9 * ##

like Jul 3~i«j : (S :) or ifull : and in like man-
ner, Jul Jv^-« t [« f*H watering-place] ; (M ;)

*ll 9 4'

or I not before drunk from. (TA.) And Julj*^
t If7ne of which none lias before been taken from
its jar. (M,TA.*)_«Jul Jbj\ i. q. iUeil, q. v.

(M, TA.) Jut SJbJu f A long [as though new

and undiminislied] coat of mail. (L in art.

9li 4 <(

JJu, from El-Mufaddal.) «_»Jt j-ol t-4ra even<

brought to pass at the first, not being before
decreed: (I£, TA :) accord, to those who assert
that there is no decreeing [by God]. (TA.) _

Jut i*L» f A goodly [as though novel] gait, or
manner of walking. (Ibn-'Abbad, K.) __ >*JLjI

Jul ^i j^* is like the phrase J-* j^i ^^j i. e.,

J-*I—j C-» [/ wiW come (o Mee t» what is (now)
to be begun (of time) ; meaning, immediately ;
nearly the same as Uit, but relating to the nearest
future time, whereas this latter relates to tlie nearest
past time]. (S,£.) And obi ^i ,>• J>\\ Jiil:

Book I.]

i. e., ▼" »_i>U-J Ue* [I wtB do that in what is
(now) <o be begun tec] ; like \jo^ ^i y>*-
(K. in art. sjo^h.)

S^jUaJt iijl t The beginning, or cowwn«nc«n«n<,
* * # j f it*

of prayer ; (K ;) i. c. the first saying ofj^\ *DI :

(TA :) accord, to a relation of a trad., in which
it occurs, with damm, [iiit,] (IAth, K,) I»«* cor "
rectly with fet-h. (Hr, IAth, $.) The S seems
to he here added to «Jut as it is in AJi for ^i.

&l Disdain ; scorn ; disdainful and proud
incompliance or refusal ; (Msb ;) indignation ;
and arwer : (TA :) a subst. [or, accord, to the S
and M and K, an inf. n.] from aU Uul. (Msb.)

> ,tt * t

^jUil I sec oul.

i^l S/iujf, /or the nose : but this is post-
classical. (TA.)

jy I A man ttery disdainful, scornful, or tn-
dignant; very disdainfully and proudly incom-
pliant or refusing; (M ;) wAo disdains, or scorns,
exceedingly, to do ignoble deeds : (Hur p. 312 :)

pi. «_*il. (M.)_A woman 7i'Ao*e nose has a
pleasant otlour : (S, M, K :) or whom one lihes
to smell: (IAar, M :) or who disdains, scorns,
abstains from , shuns, or dislikes, that in which is
no good. (1 bn-'Abbad, Sgh, K.)

»J>eil t A mountain which produces vegetation
liefore other regions. (I bn-'Abbad, K.) And

*M <J>'), ( T » M ») or "r^ 1 *M» (?» $») +-C« n<i
i/ia( produces its vegetation early : (T :) or r/iat
produces vegetation quichly : (Et-T&ec, ISk, S,
K:) or that produces vegetation; as also " «Jul.
(M.) on Applied to iron, i.q.£~tj\; i.e. Soft.
fAboo-Turab,T,K.)

.JUI (with damm.K) Moving a large nose;

(Yankoob, S, M, K ;) applied to a man : (M, K :)

. I . j I .1

similar to ^loe and ^yljl. (TA.)

uul [Jferw, and most, disdainful, &c.]. You

say, o"^ 1 * u- 4 <-**' *-**b **• ■* " a,,e no ' * c * n ani J
one more disdainful, or scornful, or indignant,

than such a one. (§,TA.)™i>T >^ JuT »jjk
77«w » f/i* speediest, in producing vegetation, of
the countries of God. (T, S, # M,« K.*)

••• II *" »■•«••

(Jul : see out. = UjI means t In the beginning,

or first part, of this present time in which we
are; from uul as meaning the "first," or "first
part," of a thing : and hence what here imme-
diately follows. (Ham p. 348.) Uif JS IJ U,
(T, S,» M, K,* &c.,) and ttful, (IAar, Bd, K,
Jel,) in the Kur [xlvii. 18], (M, &c.,) means
J What was this tliat he said just now ? (Zj, T,
M, Bd, Jel:) or, a little while ago? (IAar, T,
K:) >• e., tn the first time near to us? (Zj,T,
M :) from ;^1>I oiitlt " I began the thing."
(Zj, T, M.) You say also, UiT 0$ o$ X [I
came to such a one a little while ago] ; like as you
say, ji v^J Of. (Lth,T.) And UH&. \He
came a little while ago; syn. J*J. (M.) And
* UlAj aJU>, mentioned by IAar, but not explained

uul — JS1

by him; in my opinion, [says ISd,] like Uul aJLui
t [-ffe did t't a little while ago : or just now].
(M.) And it is said in a trad., Uil »j^-i ,^1* cJpl
yl chapter of the Kur-an has been sent down to
me now. (TA.)

lij\ tThc Jt»«< p«r< o/Zi/c (i«** and aj^l) of
a boy. (Ks, K, TA.) — See also Jbf.

•-•'., ... 1?;'

Ui>y» : its fern., with », see voce %juy».

«Ju^ : sce '-* i '-

uJ^* t Sharpened at its extremity ; or pointed;
(M,K;) applied to a spear-head, or an arrow-
head, or a blade, (It,) or anything. (M.)_ -
\Made even : a thong, or strap, made of a certain
measure, and evenly. (M.) m iii^» J^l t Camels
with which one pursues repeatedly, or gradually,
or step by step, after the first of the herbage; and
so t Zii>^> : (M :) and the former epithet is applied
to sheep or goats. (K.) — Tho former of these
two epithets, applied to a woman, signifies i Just
married or bedded, ( r £dW CA^LI^I^/or the
first time. (M.)

w>yU A camel that is urged on by [means of
the rein attached to] his nose. (M.)

otXa f A man w/io begins to make use of the
places of pasturing and alighting; (M;) who
pastures his beasts uppn tlie first of the lierbage.
(As, T, K.* [In the C$, &3I JS\ is put for
•^flt wiil.]) — + A man (TA) journeying in the
beginning, or first part, of the night : (£ :) so in
all the copies of the 1£ ; but correctly, as in the
Mohcet and the O, tn the beginning, or first part,
of the day. (TA.)

«Jt!5£o t [A place] /win which nothing lias been
eaten; as also T»JuU«; (K;) which latter is
explained by Ibn-'Abbad as signifying a place not
eaten [from] before. (TA.)— vW^' *&$* *ij^f
tA girl [in the prime of youth;] in whom no
trace of agedness appears. (Sgh, ]£.)

see oujj-o.

ouU— • : see out, in the latter part of the
paragraph.

1. Jil, aor. r , inf. n. Ji\, It excited admira-
tion and approval by its beauty or goodliness; it
pleased, or rejoiced. (Msb.) _ Also, aor. and

inf. n. as above, He rejoiced; was joyful, happy,

j * i
or pleased. (S,£.) You say, <u cJul, (Ltli,

JK, Msb, }£.,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Lth,
JK,) I was pleased with it, or by it; or was
rejoiced by it. (Lth, JK, Mfb,^. [In the CK
_ m - ^i is erroneously put for w^-c-1.] It is said

in a trad., ^ U-i jjlj\ "Jjjj Uul jJit a«AU> ^>« U
^,16 wJUj 77*«/-« is not any eater by night [i. e.
any man] who hath more pleasure and approval
and desire and love [in his pursuit, nor any who
is further from satiation therein, than the student,
or pursuer, of science] ; meaning that the man of
learning is excessively greedy and insatiable, per-

• a

117

severing in vehement desire. (L.)__And *^j^\ J8I,
(AZ, K,) inf. n. as above, (AZ,) He loved the
thing. (AZ,K.)

2. J?l, inf. n. JsJU, He made, or caused, to
wonder. (K, TA.)

4. jj-iuT, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. JlLl and Jt>,

(K,) [but the latter is properly a quasi-inf. n.,]

It excited my admiration and approval; pleased

** s**t »*

me; or rejoiced me. (S, Msb, K.)—_ ^* *ii) U

1 J£s How veliemenlly does he seek, or pursue, or

desire, such a thing! or how vehement is he in

seeking, pursuit, or desire, with respect to such a

thing! (JK,K.)

5. JiU He sought, pursued, or desired, the
most pleasing of things ; (TA ;) [he affected
nicety, or refinement ; he was dainty, nice, exqui-
site, refined, or scrupulously nice and exact ; or
chose what was excellent, or best ; and he exceeded
the usual bounds; as also Jy3 and &£, in all
these senses;] >«ki) l ,_,*, t'» rcy>«r< of food,
never eating anything but what was clean [and
choice]; and u-lLj' ^, tn reject of apparel,
never dressing otherwise than well; anu>^&l ,j*,
jn respect of speech, never speaking otherwise than
chastely; and jyi^l %<&*■ ^, in respect of all

affairs. (TA in art. ,^JUi.) *e* Jm13 is like Jy3 ;
(JK, S, K ;) i. e. He did it,' or performed il
(namely, a thing, or an affair,) with 1*& [i. e.
daintiness, nicety, exquisiteness, refinement, neat-
ness, or scrupulous nicety and exactness; or in a
manner exceeding what is usual] : (§ :) or he
chose what was excellent, or best, to be done in it,
and did it admirably: (TA:) or he did it (namely,
his work, Msb) firmly, solidly, soundly, or tho-
roughly, (Msb,K,) and skilfully. (K: [but in
this last sense, 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh allows only the
latter of these two verbs. TA in art. Jy.]) You

say also, iijjl ,«* 0$ t£° Such a one found
himself in the meadow, or garden, (l^i £i>,)
pleased, or rejoiced, tlierewith : (§ :) or he found
it pleasant or delightful, delighted in it, or took
pleasure or delight in it, and enjoyed its beauties :
and lie sought after its beauties, step by step, and
ivas pleased, or rejoiced, therewith, and enjoyed
it. (TA.) And o^' t? 13 B* mat Phased, or
rejoiced, with the place, and attached to it, not
quitting it : (L :) he loved the place. (Fr, K.)
It is said in a trad, of Tbn-Mes'ood, ^ <£Ji3j lil
OyiiUI oUijj ^ C~a)j j^. Jl, or, as in the T,

j^s* Jiul, meaning [When I find myself tn the
chapters of the jCur-&n commencing with Hi
Meem,] I find myself in meadows, or gardens,
the beauties of which I seek after step by step,
and with which I am pleased, or rejoiced, and
which I enjoy : i. e., I find pleasure, or delight,
in reading them, or reciting them, and enjoy their
beauties. (TA.)

Jil inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (Lth, JK, &c.)_
[Hence, A pleasing, or rejoicing, state, or condi-

tion.] You say, y**» } *^e* v>? fc^' o* >*
[JJe u tn o pleasing, or rejoicing, state, or condt-
rton, tn respect of his life, and in a state of
plenty]. (JKO — Qoodliness, or ©«att<y, and

118

pleasingness, of aspect, or outward appearance :
or, as some say, a uniform and uninterrupted
state of verdure before the eye ; because it pleases,
or rejoices, its beholder. (TA.) _ Herbage, or
pasturage, (K, TA,) that it goodly, or beautiful,
anil pleating, or rejoicing : an inf. n. used as a
subst. (TA.)

• ( if

Jkil: see JLil.

4*j' J^j^Jl j* «) U .He hat no pleasure, or
/»•/>/*, «';* the thing. (JK.)

• ** .

Jyl .4 certain bird; (S;) i.e. the i*±-j [or

female of the vultur percnopterus] ; (I Aar, S ;)
called by Kumcyt ,>*»-> I Oli [/wwewor of two
names] because having these two appellations:
(S:) or the eagle: and also the former bird:
(K :) ISk cites 'Omdrah as saying that it is in
his opinion the eagle ; but that people say it is the
l*4»j ; and he adds, [alluding to a prov., which
see below,] that the eggs of the <U^j are found in
ruins, and in plain country : (TA :) or the male
qftlie^Lj : (JK, TA :) or a certain black bird,
having what resembles the \Jj* [or comb of the
cock], (AA,K,) that deposits its eggs in remote
places : (AA :) or a certain black bird, (AA, K,)
like a great hen, (A A,) bald in the fore part of
the head, (AA, K,) having a yellow bill, (K,) or
having a long bill: (A A :) she guards her eggs,
and defends her young one, and keeps with her
offspring, and submits not herself to any but her
mate, and migrates among the first of the migrating
birds, and returns among the first of the returning
birds, and will not fly while moulting, and will
not be deceived by her small feathers but waits
until they become quills and then flies, and will
not remain constantly in the nests, and will not
alight upon the quiver (K) knowing it to contain
arrows: (TA :) the word is sing, and pi. : (TA:)

• • f*
or its pi. is Jtt (JK.) Hence tho prov., (JK,

tt •- • i-t
9>) Oy*r w*W O* >*' [More rare than the eggs

of the anook]: (JK,S, K:) because this bird

guards its eggs, so that they are hardly ever, or

never, found ; for its nests are on the tops of

mountains, and in difficult and distant places ; (S,

K;) notwithstanding which, it is said to be stupid :

(S :) I8d says that the female bird called i»»-j

may be meant thereby ; or the male, because the

eggs of the male exist not ; or the eggs of the

latter may be meant because he often guards

them, like as does the male ostrich. (TA.)

i*il Goodly, or beautiful; (S, K;) pleasing,
or rejoicing; (JK, S, Msb, K ;) as also t Jj| :
(JK, TA :) and loved, (TA.) You say, JJ lijy'
A meadow, or garden, that is loved : and ii.j
Ai-Jl a meadow, or garden, that is pleasing, or
rejoicing. (TA.)

• - * >* #' *f

iJliJ *J and aiUI (K, and so in some copies of

die S,) He has goodliness, or beauty, and pleasing-
nets : but in tho L, [and in some copies of the S,]
i*U 3 a»UI si ; and what precedes it indicates that
tho meaning is he has a faculty of doing well or
excellently [and of nice or refined shilfulness]
(TA.)

>" , t.tt

Jil [originally Jill] More, or most, pleasing

or rejoicing. (TA.)

Sr c "
J!ili» [part. n. of 5 ; Seeking, pursuing, or

desiring, the most pleasing of things; affecting
nicety, or refinement ; dainty, nice, exquisite,
refined, ice. ; in respect of food, apparel, speech,
&c. :] one who is in a pleasing condition (Ji\ ,-s)
i'm respect of his life, and in a state of 'plenty.
(JK.) It is Said in a prov., JLSUJli* JIjU^I J.J,
(JK, TA,) i.e. He who is content with what is
little, (S, K, in art. Jl*,) or what is barely suffi-
cient, of sustenance, (TA in the present art.,) is
not like kim who seeks, jmrsues, or desires, the
most pleasing of tilings, or who is dainty, &c,
(JUw ,>»,) and eats what he pleases, (S, K, in
art. JI*,) or him who is not content save with the
most pleasing of things. (TA in the present art.)

* >- mm

Jij\ Pure o»Loj [or lead] : or black votej:
(Msb :) i. q. ^jL\ ; (S, K ;) i. e. ^sJ3 Jo\^j ;
so says Kt ; and Az says, I think it is an ara-
bicized word :' (TA :) or white Z>j-i\ : or black
Vr - ' : or f mn V^- 1 •" (K :) or t. q. jjyji [which
is applied in the present day to tin, and pewter] :
(Kr :) El-Kdsim Ibn-Mnan says, I heard un
Arab of the desert say, 2ij\ ^olo'j I juk, i. e. [this
is] pure [lead] : (TA :) it is of the measure jiil,
[originally JUII,] (S,K,) which is one of the
forms of pis., (S,) like u ~is\; (Msb;) and there
is no other word of this measure, (Az, S, K,)
among sing, nouns, (Az,S,) except jJL\ [ori-
ginally >jiil], (?,Sgh,K,) and *jL\ in the dial,
of those who pronounce it without teshdeed :
(Sgh :) it is disputed, however, whether jS\ be
a sing, or a pi. : (Az, TA :) [and as to jLl, sec
what follows :] or, accord, to some, (Msb,) juf
is of the measure J*li, (Kr,Msb,) and is the only
word of that measure in Arabic : (Kr :) or it is
a foreign word ; and so are _^.l and [the proper
names] jJ»\ and J*li». (Msb.) It is said, in a
trad., that ho who listens to a singing female
slave, jJLil shall be poured into his ears (S, TA)
on the day of resurrection. (TA.)

>l£)l (T, M, Msb, K) and tju^i (R) and
t^ei^t, (M, K,) the last allowable in poetry,
(M,) t. q. JUJI ; (M, K, and Bd and Jcl in
lv. 9;) i. e. [Mankind; for such is the general
meaning of JiJUJt, or] mankind and tliejinn (or
genii) and others : (Jel ubi supra :) or the jinn
and mankind : (T, Msb, K :) or what are on
the face of the earth of all that are termed JiJUJI
[or created beings] : (Lth, T, Msb :) or all that
it on the face of the earth : (K :) or everything
having a --jj [i. e. toul, or spirit] : (Bd ubi
supra, :) or every one who is subject to sleep.
(TA [as though it were derived from ^yil.])
jt\j*)\ is not mentioned by J, though occurring
intheKur-4n. (TA.)

[Book I.

Uil
v*>t : sec ^1 , in art. ^jt.

if

see above.

t.

y\ : see ^Jt, in two places.

1- ^'» (?,M,K,) aor. ^» (§,) inf. n. ^il
(S, M, K) and ^'l and !UI, (M, K,) or, accord!
to [some of the copies of] the M, ,2ft, (TA, [in
which this is said to l>c the right form,]) or lil,
(as written in tho CK,) said of a tiling, Its time
came ; or it was, or became, or drew, near ;
syn. <u»j ,^31, and iCt il^. ; (Bd lvii. 15 [in
explanation of a passage cited voce &\] ;) or ^U. :
(?i M,K:) or ^jil, aor. ^ij, inf. n. ^yl, signi-
fies it was, or became, or drew, near ; and it teas,

or became, present. (Msb.) You say, M .Jl

--•-•« t- ,«. , **

J*ij o'i aor. ^i^ ; and JU ,j\, aor. ,j^ ; and

Jii JU, aor. Je«j ; and JAJ JUI ; all meaning
«iU O^ [The time lias come, or has drawn near,
for thee t/wt thou skouhlst do such a tiling: or
the time of thy doing such a thin<j lias come to
thee : or thy doing such a thing has drawn near] :
so says Zj ; and Fr says the like : but the best
of these is M ,J\. (T.) And J^Jlt J,\ The
fim-e of dejtarture came, or drew near; syn. ,/iU.
AiSj. (TA, from a trad.) __ // came, or attained,
to its time ; to its full, or final, time or state ;
to maturity, or ripeness; it became mature, or
ripe i (T, S, M, IAmb,* Msb,* K ;) or, accord,
to some, only when said of a plant ; (M, K ;) [or
it signifies also] it became thoroughly cooked.
(T, M ? b.») Hence, in the Kur [xxxiii. 531,
»0I i>i^l»U j^b Not waiting, or watching, for
its becoming thoroughly cooked; or for its cook-
ing becoming finished. (T, S,* M.) [Sec alsp ,-il ,
below.] You say also, J-^JI ^1, (inf. n. .J?,
TA,) The hot water became heated to the utmost
degree. (?,K.) And A«ll ^yl Tlic water became
hot to the utmost degree. (M.)ss=^l, aor. iyb,
inf. n. jJI, It (a tliiH};) was, or became, behind,
or after, its time : (Lth, T :) or ,j\, inf. n. ^\,
it, or he, (a man, TA,) was, or became, behind,
backward, or late; it, or he, delayed, or held
back; (M,K;) as also ^M, aor. ^C, inf. n.

* * s ' •" K*

^jil ; and t^I, inf. n. i^iU. (K.) — See also 5,
in two places.

2 : see 4, in two places : as and sec 1. __ You
say also, ;^iJI ^ C-gJl I fell short, or fell short
of what was requisite or what I ought to hare
done, or flagged, or was remiss, in, or in respect
of, the thing. (TA. [The verb is there written
without any syll. signs; but the context seems
to indicate that it is as above.])

4. ^yil and v^l signify the same. (IAar,T,
M.) You say, »ViT, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) with
medd, (Msb,) aor. »«£, (S,) inf. n. &,!, (S,K,)

[in the CK, Lit <wl is erroneously put for *ij|
XJ\ ,] He postponed it, put it off, deferred it, de-
layed it, retarded it; (T, S, M, Msb, K ;) restrained

Book I.]

it, withheld it, impeded it ; (S, TA ;) whatever
tiic thing be. (T.) And ^Ul ^J »UiJI * w-il /
Itept the food long upon the fire. (TA.) And
i&sJ ^p *^ Postpone not thou, or defer not,
thine opportunity, or the time when thou art able
to do a thing. (T.) And it is said in a trad.,
respecting the prayer of Friday, C-iilj O^il 3&>\j
(M,* Mgh,* TA) J see thee to have delayed
coming, and to have done what is annoying to
others by stepping over the necks [of those already
in their places in the mosque] : (As, Mgh,* TA :)
a saying of 'Omar. (Mgh.)n»OI also signifies
He made him, or it, to be distant, remote, or far
off; removed far away, alienated, or estranged,
him, or it ; like »0t [from which it is formed by
transposition]. (TA.) [Hence,] S^yi occurs in a
verse of Es-Suhimccych ; (M, TA ;) meaning
Ji^ii ; the . being put before the £• (M.)

8. ^»0 Jle acted deliberately, or leisurely,
not /tastily; as also t^U-l; and t^it, (M,K,)

aor. ^il*', (K,) inf. n. ^1 : (TA :) he acted with
moderation, gently, deliberately, or leisurely ;
without haste; and with gravity, stuidness, se-
daleness, or calmwss; j^\ ^J) tn the affair;
as also t^U-l: (Mgh:) or he acted gently;
(IAar, T, TA ;) as also ' \j\, aor. and inf. n. as
above : (TA :) or he acted gently, and waited ;

J**}* u* i* tf,e 'iff air ; (5 or ne waited, or
was patient, or waited with patience, (T, Msb,)
awl did not hasten, in un afliiir. (Msb.) jjJtJ)

and (jiUJI are nearly syn. : you say, <u ^U Jle
acted gently with him, [or to him,] and did not
hasten in his affair. (Mgh.) You say also,
a; t JU-I Jle waited patiently with him; or
waited, and had patience, with him ; (S, TA ;)
he did not hasten him; (Lth,T;) as also t»OU-t.
(*Eyn, liar p. (57.) And •^i. y * Jj4^t W»
was waited patiently with for a year]. (S.) And
J)j*\ ^J t^,U«,| J fasten not in thine affair.

(Lth, T.) Ami >u£jt ^ tc-^ull I waited
fur the food to become perfectly prepared or
cooked. (Hur p. 07.) And J»-_j)l C-«iU (and
<uU, M and K in art. jlw, [sec »jJiiit,]) 2
waited for the man; as also <v "OwUwl: whence,

oU-ljjaJli ♦.JUlj C>/ic should wait for the issues,

or consequences, or results, of wounds. (Mgh.)

» »i • ft* - /»i* *
And jj SUI "^ is*"" •tt-V'J [•* '" ,re waited

patiently for thee until there is no disposition

to wait patiently in me]. (S.)

10 : see 5, passim.

,JI : sec what next follows.

^ij (AO, T, S, M, Msb, K) and t Jfj , (Akh,
T,S, Msb,) the latter in [some of] the copies of

Mil ,

tlie K erroneously written 101, (TA,) [and in
other copies of the same omitted,] and *>il,
(Akh, Th, T, S, M, K,) with s substituted for ,j,
(AAF, M.) and t ^ I (K) and t^l, (M,
1 Ami),) yln /tour, or a short portion, or a time,
or an indefinite time, (AfrU,) of the night : (Zj,

T, S, M, K :) or a time or mm (>i-»j) of &«
night: (M in art. y>\ :) or i. q. ^>*} [the ^eri'oc/
about midnight ; or the time after an hour, or a
short period, of the night ; or when the night is
departing] : (M, K :) or any ieL [i. e. hour, or
short portion, or time,] (M, K) of the night:
(M :) [and any period of time ; as will be seen
below:] or, accord, to some, (M,) ♦ ^jil signifies
the whole day ; (M, K ;) as also * ^jit : (K :)
the pi. is JO! (T, S, M, Msb, K) and ^1 and

^51. (M,K.) You say, JJi\ {y> [}\ ^> and

•'• • • -

t^il [&x.] A time, or season, [&c.,] (w-Jj,

[&c.,]) of the night passed: (M in art. y>\ :)
dual ,jCjI and Olfr"'- (?•) And a P oot ^y 9 *

§# Ax «•* ft # 9 S't

[S/ie completed her gestation in a portion of a
month ; but the gestation of tlie pregnant in
general is a long period of time], (IAar, T.)

• 1 1 i '

Another uses the phrase .ji*})! ,i)U.-c, occurring
at the end of a verse, [for ^"^1 Jl^-i,] meaning
Found to be laughing whenever one comes to him.
(M.)

^jil: see ^j\, in two places The utmost

point, reach, or degree, (M, K,) of a thing; (M;)
as also ♦ Jl: so in the phrase, »0I 4Jj and »UI
It (a thing, M) attained its utmost point, reach,
or degree: (M, K :) or this means, [or, accord,
to the CK, "and" it means,] its state of being
thoroughly cooked} its state of maturity ; or its
full, or final, time or state. (K.) [See 1, where

an ex. from the Kur xxxiii. 53 is cited. Both

« -I
words are said to be inf. ns.]=sSce also SOI.

* •• '5

jJI : sec u»l, in two places: and sec ^1.

JVil [Postponement ; a putting off; a deferring;
a delaying ; a retarding : restraint ; a withhold-
ing ; an impeding :] a subst. from »lil, aor. <**j£j,
inf. n. l£j\ , meaning " he postponed it," &c. : (S,
Msb,*TA:) the context of the K erroneously
requires it to be understood as a subst. from ,-it,
aor. ^,10. (TA.)

101 A certain thing of which one mahes use,
(M,) well known; (S, K ;) namely, a vessel, or
receptacle, (Mgh, Msb,) for water [<$•«.]: (Mgh:)

pi. i^\, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) originally VII ;
(M ;) and J$ ; (T, S, M, Mgh, K ;) the former
a pi. of pauc. ; and the latter a pi. of mult., (Mgh,)
pi. ofSil (T,S,M.)

SOI Moderation ; gentleness; deliberateness ; a
hisurely manner of proceeding, or of deportment,
&c. ; patience, as meaning contr. of hastiness :
and gravity; staidncss ; sedateness; calmness: a

subst. from ^U; (S, Msb;) syn. »}p; (T;) and

J*, ; (Ham p. 317;) and^jL. and JlSJ ; (M, Mgh,

^C;) as also t .". (M, !£, TA. [In the C$,

iji^lfe is erroneously put for ^ji^l^a.]) _ Also

Hope : [in this sense, accord, to tlie TA, written
with kesr ; but this is doubtless a mistake, pro-

119

bablv occasioned by a mistranscription :] so in
the charge of 'Orweh to his sons ; j^\j Ijl ^ \i

o - it • J- '» If •' ft ,' ' * I'm.' i?'

Ol i *u ^01 \yii>JS y* J*-) v>» «*b ^^

a quality exciting admiration and approval, in a
man, cut not ye off your hojm of him, though he
be in the estimation of the people a bad man],
(M.) = A woman »'n whom is a languor on the
occasion of rising, or standing up ; (T, S, IjiL ;)
and a gentle, or grave, deportment : (S :) or i»
whom is a languor impeding from rising, or
standing up : (As :) and iiU*^ signifies the like :
(T :) Sb says that it is originally S0^, like as j^l
is originally ji*-^ ; from ^j^ • (§ the people
of El-Koofeh say that it is only S0J : so says Lth:
and he says that SOI signifies, as applied to a
woman, blessed, prospered, or abounding in good,
as it is explained also by ADk, and forbearing,
gentle, grave, staid, sedate, or calm, and compliant,
or agreeing with another in mind or opinion : and
the pi. is olyl : or, as some say, it signifies a
grave, staid, sedate, or calm, woman, «>/io doet
not cltimour, nor utter foul language. (T.)

S (

rjn, as part. n. of 1, A thing of which the time

lias come, or drawn near: and which ha* come,
or attained, to its time; to it* full, or final, time
or state; to maturity, or ripeness: but accord,
to some, only applied to a plant. (M, K.) [Com-
pare ,jt.]^ Behind, or after, the time; bach-
ward, or late ; delayed, or held bach ; (K, TA ;
[but wanting in a MS. copy of the former in my
possession, and in the CK;]) as also^^l. (TA.)

<u»l a word expressive of disapproval, and of

deeming a thing remote or improbable : Sb relates

that it was said to an Arab of the desert, who had

taken up his abode in a town, or plnce, " Wilt

thou tro forth when the desert shall have become

b » .tt

plentiful in herbage?" and he said, A-iJ Oil [What,

I, indeed?], meaning " Do ye say this to me when
I am known to do thus?" as though he disap-
proved of their questioning him : but there is
much diversity of opinion respecting this word :
(TA :) [accord, to some,] it is composed of the
redundant ,jl and the meddeh denoting disap-
proval [followed by the ♦ of silence]. (Mughiicc
voce £>t.) [See what is said of the redundant ,jl
in the present work.]

it + 4t $

^jil signifies Whence? syn. ^1 ,>«; (T, S,
M ;) being an interrogative rcsjiccting the direc-
tion, or quarter, from which a thing is : (Ms b :)
and whence [used to denote a condition] : (TA :)
and where? and where [used to denote a condi-

*t

tion]; syn. ^t : (T,K : [in which latter the first
signification is not mentioned:]) and as one of
the adverbial nouns used to denote a condition,
whencesoever ; from whatever direction or quarter :
(S :) and wherever ; wheresoever: (Lth, T:) and
when? and when [used to denote a condition];
syn. l Jj» : (T, K : [but in the latter of these, in
art. £)l, in the place of ^jU we find w~— , which
I regard as a mistake:]) and how? syn. \J^kt :
(Lth, T, S, M, K :) and however. (Lth, TA.) [I
mention all these significations together because

120

ono of them is assigned by some authorities and
another by others to ^jil in one and the same

instance.] You say, tj* {jj^ ^J\ Whence, from
what direction or quarter, from what way, will,
or shouU, be this? (Mfb.) And IJjL ixi ^1
Whence [came, or Cometh,] to thee this ? (S.) It
is said in the Kur [iii. 32], ijJ. jjj ^\ !^'y> C
O Mary, whence [came] to thee thin ? (T.) And
in tho siimc [xxxiv. 51], ^y \J>'j£±\ 'Jj J^\j
•*t*W 0*-^*> meaning [But] whence [shall the
attaining of belief be possible to them from a
distant place, i. c., (as explained in the S in art.
^Ay,) in the world to conic, when they have dis-
lielicvcd in tho present world? or but how &c.?].
(T.) And in the same [lxxx. 25], accord, to one
reading, Lo ;IJI Um^ ^j\, meaning Where have
we poured forth the water, pouring? but in this
is an allusion to the direction [whence the rain
comes] ; and it may lie rendered whence? &e. ; and
accord, to this reading, the pause upon a^Ub
[immediately preceding] is complete. (IAmb,
T.) And you say, iljT^U ^jI, (S,K,) meaning
W/iencesoecer, or from whatever direction or
quarter, thou shalt come to me, I will come to
thee. (S.) In the saying of 'Alkamch,

* s a t -

y^ 1 >•>!.>»> I .^*V* *

♦he meaning is, [And he who is given spoil to
en J°J/< C't., who is fed therewith,) on the day of
sjwil, is gircn it to enjoy] wherever he repairs, or
fiawerer he repairs, [and the prohibited is pro-
hibited.] (I.th,T,TA.) The saying in the Kur
[in. IwlJ, lo* ^j\^ii means Ye say, When is
this? or How is this? (T,) or Whence is this?
(T,Bd, Jol.) And^iiii Ji{, in the same, [ii.223,]
may mean Whence, or when, or how, ye will.
(TA.) You say also, ,><a»JI liij ^,1 Jji Ji\,

meaning How [is it, or will it be, possible for thee
to open, or conquer, the fortress] ? (S.)

O' Hot, or heated, to the utmost degree : applied
to fiot water, (S, M,K,) in the Kurlv. 44: (S,
M :) fern. i-JI ; occurring in the Kur Ixxxviii. 5.
(M.)^Scc also r^Umm Also A man much cha-
racterized by moderation, gentleness, or deliberate-
ness ; by a leisurely manner of proceeding, or of
deportment, ,jc. ; by patience, as meaning contr.
of hastiness; by gravity, staidness, seduteness, or
calmness. (S, K.*)

V 1 •*»* i«j' *^»l is a phrase mentioned by
AAF, meaning I r«rm« to him lime after time:
in which, [says ISd,] I am of opinion that *S\ is
of the measure iieli from ^jHl : but the word
commonly known is iijT [pi. of ^1 ; or 3jJ\,
which is syn. with *>•!: sec gtjf]. (M.)

TA ; [app. meaning ikt, which, however, belongs
to art. «j1, q. v. ;]) or lit ; (so in the CK ; [but

* -if

in some copies of the K, and * uA, as in tlic TK,
where it is said that the inf. n. of this form of the
verb is 4^*13 ;]) and * <u.b; (K ;) [/. q. i? and ejl
and ejU; or] He expressed pa i a or grief or sorrow,
or lie lamented or complained or moaned, (S, K,)
as one in an evil state, and broken in spirit by
grief or mourning, and said »l, or oU. (K.)
[See a verse cited in art. *jl, voce i*T.]
2 and 5 : see above.

el, i. e. I with the o of patisatiou; imperative
of i^bj, q. v. (Mughncc in art. will.)

el and el and Ul &c. : sec art. e«l.

^1

2. yW XJkl, [inf. n. ^Jk\S,] He furnished,
prepared, equipped, or accoutred, him, for the
thing, or affair; fie furnished him, or provided
him, with the apparatus, gear, tackling, imple-
ments, instruments, tools, or the like, proper, or
necessary, for it. (MF.) jJo^l ^Ji\ He, pre-
pared the thing, or affair. (MF.) Sec also 5.

5. vt-aIj He furnished, prepared, equipped, or
accoutred, himself ; furnished, or provided, himself
with proper, or necessary, apparatus, gear, tack-
ling, implements, instruments, tools, or the like;
(S, A, Msb, K;) jilii for journeying ; (Mfb ;)
or jVjU for the thing, or affair; as also t ,^j»l.

[Book I.

Jm\

« -i
wJkl:

sec w>UI.

•Vj: sec art. ^1

A-il

el

L .1, (? in art. »$, and K,) inf. n. l\ (K) and
■M (§,* K) and the same without teshdeed ; (K,*

Apparatus, equipments, equipage, accoutre-
ments, furniture, gear, tackling, implements, in-
struments, took, or the like; (S, A, Msb, K ;) as
in vj*»-" •**' [the apparatus, arms, weapons,
equipage, or accoutrements, of war] ; (S ;) as also
iLi : (K :) pi. of the former, ^j»I. (S, Msb.)
You say, a^aI ^o^I iiJJJ J»».| [// c took his
apparatus, &c, /or that thing, or affair; also
meaning, lie made his preparation, or he prepared
himself, for it]. (TA.)

t #

.^Ul A *At«, or /*u&, (A, Msb, K,) in an abso-
lute sense, (A,) of a bull or cow, sheep or goat,
or wild animal : (TA :) or a skin, or hide, not
yet tanned : (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K :) and some-
times applied to the I shin of a man : (Msb:) pi.
(of pauc, TA) iLkf (IAar, K) and (of mult., TA)

^Jbl, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) with two dammehs,

(Mgh, Msb,) andt^sil, (S.Msb, K,) contr. to

rule, (S, Msb,) or, accord, to Sb, (L,) this last is

a quasi-pl. n. : (Mgh, L :) in one copy of the K,

it is written ^«*l. (TA.) You say, L JL l^tU.
. >l > - t
^fJfyS I^Jj=>I [They hungered so that they ate the

skins, or hides], (A.) And *v^*l »>* TfV*-* >^

»jj^ i-» t [He almost issued from his shin in his

' . .1

running]. (A.) And \y~h\ J .UjJI ^ji*. + [He

spared the people's blood in their bodies]. (TA,
from a trad.)

1. Jjkf, aor. '- , inf. n. Jyil ; (M ? b;) or Jm\,
like J* ; (K, TA ;) // (a place, Msb, TA) was,
or became, peopled, or inhabited. (Msb, K, TA.)

— JaI, aor. - and - , inf. n. as above, He mar-
ried, or took a wife; ( Yoo, S, Msb, K ;) as also
f cM^ 5 (?. Mgh, Msb, K ;) and t J^f, [written
with the disjunctive alif J^5l, like «i»iJfand jjJjT
and ^^l &c], (K,) of the measure JjC»I. (TA.)

— Jil ; (Ks, S, Msb ;) or J*l, aor. * ; (K ;) or
both ; (.TK ;) y, (JK,) i. e. J±fa, (Ks, S,) or
^(^JW; (Msb;) i. q. ,^1 [He tvas, or became,
sociable, companionable, friendly, a?nicable, or
familiar, ivith him, i. e. the man; or he was, or
became, cheered, or gladdened, by his company or
converse, or by his, or its (the thing's) presence].
(JK,S,M ? b,K.)

2. &j jlf, (K,) or «dil, (Hani p. 184,) inf. n.
J-*15, (Ham, K,) He. said to him ^u»1 : (Ham :)
or Ac *«»</ /o km ^Ulj Uo-j^ : (K :) like «v s^»-j :
(TA :) [see JaI :] IB says that [the first pers. of]
the aor. of this verb is with fct-h to the e [contr.

to rule: a strange assertion]. (TA.) Sii Jj aJU?,

inf. n. as above; and taJUl; He saw him, judged
kirn, thought him, or held him, to be worthy, or
deserving, of that; to merit it; to hare a right,
or just title or claim, to it : (K,* TA :) or he
made him to be worthy, or desert-lug, of that ;
&c. (TA.) You say, JjJi M JLul [May God
make thee worthy, or deserving, of good, good
fortune, prosperity, or the like]. (S.)

4. i!»JI ^ &\SJAiS, inf. n. jt^l, May God
make thee to enter with thy wife into Paradise :
(AZ, S, TA :) or may God make thee to have a
family in Paradise, and unite thee with them
[therein]. (TA.) See also 2.

5 : sec 1.
8: seel.

10. aJjkUwl as signifying He tvas, or became,
worthy, or deserving, of it, or he merited it, or
he had a right, or just title or claim, to it, is not
allowable: (Msb,*MF:) not only docs J dis-
allow it, but the generality of those before him do
so ; saying that it is not chaste : in the Fs it is
said to be of weak authority; and the expositors
thereof confirm this assertion, saying that it occurs,
but is inferior to other words in chastcness ; and
El-Harceree asserts it to be erroneous : (MF :) or
it is good in this sense ; and J's disallowance of
it is of no account : (K :) Az and Z and Sgh and
others assert it to be good : and Az says, in the

m t ii If I Ll< t .j

1, some have asserted the saying ,jl JaUw ^^i
jjlyj ^1 j»j&, as meaning [Such a one] is worthy,
or deserving, [of being treated with honour, or of
being held in light estimation,] to be erroneous;
and Jl^JUw^l to be only from iJUSI ; but I do
not disallow it, nor charge with error him who
says thus ; for I have heard the verb thus used
by a chaste Arab of the desert, of the Benoo-
Asad, and there was present a number of Arabs
of the desert who did not disapprove his saying :
and this is confirmed by the saying in the Kur

Book I.]

[lxxiv. ,V>], S^UJt JaIj ijyUI JaI yk [explained

below: sec JaI]. (T.)s™JaU-I, (JK,$,) or
iiu^l JaU-1, (Msb,) if* <ooft tlie »U1: (JK,
K:) or /ie a<« fAe ilUI: see this word below.
(Msb.TA.)

JaI [The people of a house or dwelling, and of
a town or village, and of a country : and the
family of a man :] a man's cohabitants of one
dwelling or place of abode, (Er-Raghib, Kull
p. 84,) and of one town or country: (Er-RAghib:)
afterwards applied to a man's fellow-member* of
one family or race, and of one religion, and of
one craft or art or the like : (Er-Raghib, Kull :)
or, as some say, relations, wltcther tliey have
followers or depentlents, or not ; whereas Jl sig-
nifies relations with their followers or dependents:
(Kull :) or it originally signifies relations : and
sometimes is applied to followers or dependents:

and signifies also the JaI [i. e. people, or in-
habitants, or family,] of a house or tent : (Msb:)
or a man's nearer, or nearest, relations by descent
from the same father or ancestor ; or his kins-
folk; his relations: (K :) or, accord, to [the
1 mam] Mohammad, a man's wife [or wires] and
his children and household who are the objects of
his expenditure ; and thus, any brother and sister,
or paternal uncle antl son of a paternal uncle,
or strange or distantly-related child, whom a
man feeds or sustains in his abode : the most
particular, or most special, dependents, or the
like, of a man : on the authority of El-Ghoorce :
(Mgh:) [J indicates some of these meanings merely
by saying that it signifies] the JaI of a man, and
the jit of a house ; as tdso * iLkt : (S :) [sec

also Jl; in the explanations of which, certain dis-

• »l
tinctions between it and JaI will be found men-

' >»t - i»i

tioned :] the pi. is OV^* 1 ? [Yiko 0>>*j'> ;l ' ol '">

sometimes used for 0>^j'»] (Mtf n > Msb, K,) and
JUl,(S,Mgh,Msb,K,) with an additional^, [im-
plied by the ten ween, and ex pressed in the accus. case,
and when the word is determinate, as in .JU^I,]

(S,) contr. to rule, (S, Mgh,) like jy, pi. of
• •• -< •

Jel, (S,) [and like t^ljl, resecting which and

jQ and JUt', see Jz/,] and JU?, (S, K,) a

pi. [of pane.] sometimes occurring in poetry, (S,)

t ■- • - ot « , ,t

[like t>>lj1,] ami o"}Ut and o"ilukl [as though

pis. of all]. (S,K.) — si^JI JIl The [people

or] inhabitants [or family] of the house or tent.

(Mgh,K.) But .wj Ja*n) i—oil means the same

as a— «J ^j-ejl, i. c. He left by will, of his

property, to the children of his father, [or his

kindred by the father's side,] exclusively of all

relations of the mother. (Mgh in art. u _ *»..)

[Sec also jLj\ JaI, below.] ^jiJI jli The

[people or] inhabitants of the towtis or villages.

(TA.) And jJUl JaI The settled, or constant,

inhabitants of the countn/ or town. (Msb.) And

' . 3 Of

j.n* II JaI TVifi people of the region, or regions,
of cities, towns, or villages, and of cultivated
bind. (A in art. j-a»-.) And ^ytj jjjl JaI
(S in art. jju*, &e.) [The people of the toivns or
villages, or] //«* inhabitants of the buildings, and

of the tents, (Kull,) or deserts. (TA in art.^j.) | joined tltcrcby. (Mgh.) [And] v^" J*? [^Ae

Bk. I.

[ j^JUl JaI, and ^U«)l, TVie peopZe o/"t7ie graves,
and of the places of graves ; i. e., iVtose buried

therein.] [i»»-JI JaI T/te people of Paradise.]

[ jUI jit Tlie people of the fire, i. e., of Hell.]

__ Sec also aIaI. __ The following is an ex. of
JaI as explained above in the first sentence on
the authority of the $: ,>* e^l Ja^I ^Jl Ja^I
Jy«JI .Jl jI-JI a prov. [meaning Kinsfolk arc
quiclter of tendency to kinsfolk than, the torrent
to the plain]. (TA.) So, too, a saying of a poet

cited voce Jali.. (TA.) [And] J^ <&** a
prov. meaning <C<JLbj JJJt jj^^-lj «IUaI jil>
[Betake thyself early to thy family, and beware,
of the night and its darkness]. (Har p. 175.)

[And] ^Ul^ U*-^-o (S, K) a saying meaning Thou
hast come to an ample, or a spacious, or roomy,
place, and to [people like thine own] kinsfolk ;
therefore be cheerful, or sociable, not sad, or shy:
(S :) or thou hast found, or met with, [an ample,
or a spacious, or roomy, place, and] kinsfolk,

*, 9 " * * ' » * * t

not strangers. (K.) [And] l^-j-oj 'jXy-'J *»l
Thou hast come to a people who are [like] fctlM-
folk, and to a place that is plain, even, not
rugged, and that is ample, spacious, or roomy;
therefore rejoice thyself, und be not sad, or shy.

(Msb.) __ ^y-JI JaI The [family or] wives
and daughters of the Prophet, and his son-in-law
'Alee: or kit women; and (as some say, TA)
the men who are his Jl ; (K, TA ;) comprising
the grandchildren (>Uj>.I) and [other] progeny :
and so C-^JI JaI as used in the Kur xxxiii. 33,
occurring also [in a like sense] in xi. 70: (TA :)
and Ja^JI is conventionally applied to the nearer,
or nearest, kinsfolk of the Prophet. (Er-Raghib.)

•* - m j t a t

~- ^5^ J^ J 1 *' a ^ 80 ^c^" 8 Tlie people to whom
any prophet is sent ; (K, TA ;) and those who
are of his religion. (TA.)__In the phrase Jl
•vJy-jj till, meaning The friends, or tlte like,

(•y^ 1 . K, TA,) and the assistants, (TA,) of Qod
and of his apostle, the first word is originally

JaI. . (K, TA.) aJM JaI is also an appellation

which used to be applied to The readers or reciters
[of the Kur-dn]. (TA.) ji^JI JaI also sig-
nifies \ The man's wife ; (Mgh,* Msb,* K ;) as
well as hit wife and children; (TA;) [so, too,
in tlie present day, J»yJI w*rf JaI ;] and so,
too, trfCUAl. (K.) Hence the phrase ,Ji*i ^
aXaI [see art. ^] : (Kull :) and <*JIaL> J*.j and

aJUI jJlii ji.'i [sec art. Ji-i], (Har p. 502;
r * . * * i it

kc.) — w-JbjLO JaI [The people of, or] those who

follow, (IC, TA,) and believe, (TA,) a certain
persuasion, or body of tenets. (K, TA.) [Hence,]

Si j »(

ii-JI JaI [Those who conform to the institutes of
Mohammad]. (TA.) [And] fiy&l JaI [The
people of erroneous opinions;] those whose belief

si l •(

is not that of the class termed <L_JI JaI, but who
have the same iU. (TA.) [And] >»^L»NI JaI
Those who follow the religion of El-Islam.
(Mgh.) [And] Olr*" Ja' Those who read, or
recite, the Kur-dn, and perform the duties en-

121

people of tlie Scripture, or Bible: and] the read-
ers, or reciters, of the Mosaic Lam, and of the

Gospel. (TA.) ^JL«JI jit [The people of

knowledge, or science;] those who are charac-
terized by knowledge, or tcience. (Msb.)__jAl

9t

j*^ [The possessor's of command : or] those who
superintend the affairs [of others'] ; (K, TA ;)

liko^ljijl, q.T. (TA.) — ^Jljjl jll [TA«
people of exalted stations, posts of honour, or

dignities]. (TA in art. ^Jj.) aljjl jil (Mgh

in art. j>y) and jy*JI JaI (TA in art. j^) Those
persons, (Mgh, TA,) of the unbelievert, (Mgh,)
[namely, Christians, Jews, and Sabians, but no
others,] who have a compact, or covenant , with tlie
Muslitns, (Mgh, TA,) paying a poll-tax, whereby
they arc secure of their property and blood, (Mgh,)
or wliereby the Muslims are responsible for their
security [and freedom and toleration] as long as
they act agreeably to the compact. (TA.)_
JaI also signifies The possessors, or owners, of
property : as in the Kur iv. 01. (TA.)__JaI
tJkO A person, (S, K,) and persons, for it is used
us a sing, and as a pi., (K,) having a right, or
just title, to such a thing ; entitled thereto ;
worthy, or deserving, thereof; meet, or Jit, for

it : (S, K :) the vulgar say ♦ JauL», which is
not allowable : (S :) or this assertion of J's is
of no account. (K: see 10.) You say, JaI 1a
>»lj^NJ He is entitled 'to be, or worthy of being,
treated with honour. (Msb.) And j£) ♦ iUI yh
^4*. [He is entitled to, or worthy of, all that
is good]. (Ibn-'Abbad.) And ">'} * iui He who
is, or they who arc, entitled to, or worthy of,
love, or affection. (S, Sgh.) And hence, in the

_ r r , . . _ * • - ft* »SM f II #J

Kur [lxxiv. last verse], l / ks\ t i\ JaI^ i^yUI JaI yk
(TA) He is the Being entitled to be regarded
with pious fear, and the Being entitled to forgive
those who so regard Him. (Jel.) In the phrase
jj-^lj eU£j| JaI [0 Thou who art the Being
entitled to praise and glory], occurring in a form
of prayer, the first word is mansoob as a vocative :
and it may be marfooa, as the enunciativc of
an inchoative suppressed ; i. c. JaI o«il [Thou
art the Being entitled &c.]. (Msb.) _ [Frc-

• ot

qucntly, also, JaI signifies The author, or, more
commonly, authors, of a thing ; like i^-a-Lo and

* ' ol t # tut

■~>\m~&\ ; as in c jJI JaI The author, or authors,

of innovations ; and ^JL&JI JaI Tlie author, or
authors, of wrong.]

• t i 01

JaI : sec ^jXaI.

<ULaI : sec JaI, in four places : = and sec iUI.

• ' t • -

aXaI i. q. JU [Property; or cattle] : so in

the saying ilkl Ja^^I (JK, K) [app. mean-
ing Verily they are sojourners, or settlers, possessed
of property, or cattle]: "JaI hero signifying
J^L [pi. of JU.]. (JK,TA.) [But] Yoo says

,»« J »■ 1 j I

that ▼iUI JaI ^a and iUI means 7Vy sw

people of the distinguished sort. (TA.)

3 »c

jJlAl A domestic beast [or bird] ; a beast [or

bird] that keept to tlie dwelling [of its owner] - %

10

122

J*'-^

5 (TA;)

(JK, M»b, K, TA ;) eontr. of

as also * J*t. (K.) You say iJUt ^- [Do-
merttc turn]: (JK, TA :) occurring in a trad.,
in which their flesh is forbidden to be eaten.
(TA.)

«i*Ul The quality of having a right, or just
title, to a thing ; worthiness, or desert ; meetness,
or fitness ; in Pers. \J)\j\£* • (Golius, app. from
a gloss, in a copy of the KL :) the state, or
quality, of meetness, or fitness, [of a person,] for
the bindingneu of the rights which the law imposes
for one or upon him. (TA.)

«UUI Orease : (S :) or melted grease : (Msb :)
or fat : or melted fat : or olive-oil : and any-
thing that is used as a seasoning or condiment :
(K :) such as fresh butter, and fat, and oil of
sesame: (TA:) or melted fat of a sheep's tail
and the like. (JK.) Hence, IjUl 1 3 o<*r--> <•
prov., mentioned in art. py* ; (K,* TA ;) or,
as some say, o^-'i- ( TA.)

JaI, (JK, S, Msb, K,) [said by those unac-
quainted with the verb Jjkl in the fii-st of the
senses explained in this art. to be] a kind of

rel. n., (TA,) and Oj*U, ( JK > K A P lacc
peopled, or inhabited : (Msb :) or a placc having
people : (J K :) or the former has this signifi-
cation ; and the latter signifies having its people
in it: (ISk, K:) or the former has this last
signification : (Yoo, S :) pi. of the latter JUU,
occurring in a poem of Ru-beh [app. by poetic
licence for Je*U]. (TA.) You say ii*T iSji
A peopled, or inhabited, town or village. (Msb.)
And iUI jr^\j& C «....«! 77iei> ,/Srei became in
the evening attended by many people. (TA.)

• >t. t »
JytU : see Jjkl,

crumbled bread] having much 2JUI, q. v. (A,
TA.)

,JiU« Having a wife. (Har p. 571.)

• '-•■» Mli

JjkU — o : see Jjkl ; latter part of the paragraph.

ss Also Tahing, or eating, ilUI , q. v. (S.)

,1

jl a conjunction, (M, Mughnee, K,) to which
tin- later authors have ascribed meanings amount-
ing to twelve: (Mughnee:) a particle which,
when occurring in an enunciative phrase, [gene-
rally] denotes doubt, and vagueness of meaning;
and when occurring in an imperative or a pro-
hibitive phrase, [generally] denotes the giving of
option, or choice, and the allowing a thing, or
making it allowable. (S.)__ First, (Mughnee,) it
denotes doubt (T,S,M, Msb, Mughnee, K.) So in
the saying, \j+s> jl \j->j C^tj [I saw Zeyd or
'Amr]. (T,» S, Msb.) And fySj /\ jL.'j J>fcf.
[A man or a woman came to me]. (Mbr,T.)
And >v w*-»-V 5 1 *-**! "--V [ |n -be Kur xviii. 18
and xxiii. 115, We have remained a day or part
of a day]. (Mughnee.) —Secondly, (Mughnee,)
it denotes vagueness of meaning. (S, Msb, Mugh-
nee, K.) So [it may be used] in the first of the
.exs. given above. (Msb.) And so in the saying,

*, it. * , -

<UykU Sjjjj [A mess of

• 1 3 in '

9*t* J*** d>.4\S**J* J&\i\ J *l) [And
verily we or ye are following a right direction or
in manifest error], (S, Mughnee,) in the Kur
[xxxiv. 23] ; (S ;) the ex. being in the former jt.
(Mughnee.) — Thirdly, (Mughnee,) it denotes
the giving of option, or choice. (T, S, M, Mugh-
nee, K.) So in the saying, *Jj£\ jl iC_JI ji>

* -St '

i>;A)l [.Ear thou the fish, or drink thou the milk] ;
i. e. do not thou both of these actions; (Mbr, T,
S ;) but choose which of them thou wilt. (Mbr,
T.) And l^-Ll jt IjJU L^'fi [Take thou as wife
Hind or her sister]. (Mughnee.) And [in like
manner] it denotes the making choice. (T.) [So
when you say, ly^.1 ^1 I ju* *.jjJL», meaning I

will take as wife Hind or Iter sister ; whichever
of them I choose.] __ Fourthly, (Mughnee,) it
denotes the allowing a thing, or making it allow-
able. (T, S, Msb, Mughnee, K.) So in the saying,

•»* I * .*

OiJ** e*' J 1 i>-"»" w^W- [Sit thou with El-
Hasan or Ibn-Seereen], (Mbr, T, S.) And
jj*JI _j1^*» [Stand thou or sit] : and the person
to whom this is said may do [one or] both of
these actions. (Msb.) [And similar exs. arc

given in the Mughnee.]) But Ujt^^i* ilu Sj

* » » »• ' w
tjy^ ^1 [in the Kur Ixxvi. 24, ^lnd obey not

thou, of them, a sinner or a person very ungrate-
ful to God,] means that thou shalt not obey
either of such persons : (Mbr, T, Mughnee :) in
which case _jl is more forcible than j ; for when
you say to a person, tj-»*j Ijyj «JaJ •>) [Obey not

thou Zeyd and 'Amr], he may ol>ey one of them,
since the command is that he shall not obey the
two.. (Zj,T.)_ Fifthly, (Mughnee,) it denotes
unrestricted conjunction.* (Mughnee, K.) So in
the saying, in the Kur [iv. 46 and v. 0], »l»- jl
IjuUJI ^ V^< >>-***l [^nrf if ant/ one o/" you
cometh from the privy] ; (TA;) [where, however,
it may also be rendered or, though] meaning
«U-j ; (T, TA ;) the j in this explanation being
what is termed a denotative of state. (T.) So,

too, accord, to AZ, in the expression ^Ji^ji .5'
[And they exceeded that number], in the Kur
[xxxvii. 147] : but see below. (TA.) And so in
the words, iCii U Ul^il ^ Jiii o' i' [^«^
owr doing, in respect of our possessions, what we
will], in the Kur [xi. 89]. (T, TA.) — Sixthly,
it denotes transition, (Mughnee,) used in the
sense of [the adversative particle] Jv, (T, S, M,
Mughnee, K,) in a case of amplification of speech ;
(S;) accord, to Sb, on two conditions; that it
shall be preceded by a negation or a prohibition,
and that the agent shall be mentioned a second
time ; as in jj+e- jt\i U ^1 jjj j>\3 U [Zeyd did
not stand : nay, rather 'Amr did not stand] ; and

ij-o*- j^i *^ y >*ij jJH. j [Let not Zeyd stand :
nay, rather let not Amr stand]. (Mughnee.)
Accord, to Fr, (Th, M, Mughnee,) it has this
meaning in Oj^ji ^ l^Vt ra ^ ier tne y exceeded
that number], (Th, S, M, Mughnee,) in the Kur
[xxxvii. 147, cited above] : (S :) or the meaning
is, or they would exceed [that number] in your
estimation : or these words with those preceding
them in the same verse mean, we sent him to a
multitude of whom, if ye saw them, ye would say,

[Book I.

They are a hundred thousand, or they exceed
[that number]; (M, Mughnee ;*) so that it de-
notes doubt on the part of men, not of God, for
He is not subject to doubt : (M :) or we sent him
to a hundred thousand in the estimation of men,
or they exceeded [that number] in the estimation
of men ; for God docs not doubt : (S :) or jt is
here used to denote vagueness of meaning : (IB,
Mughnee :) or, it is said, to denote that a person
might choose between saying, "they are a hundred
thousand," and saying, " they are more ;" but this
may not be when one of the two things is the
fact : or, accord, to some of the Koofees, it has
the meaning of j : and each of these meanings,
except the last, has been assigned to jl as occur-
ring in the Kur ii. 60 and xvi. 79. (Mughnee.)_
Seventhly, it denotes division; (Mughnee, K ;•)
as in the saying, *j^- jl Jjii .jl^-1 AJkflt [The
word is a noun or a verb or a particle] : so said
I bn- Malik: or, as he afterwards said, in pre-
ference, it denotes separation ((Jj^iijt) divested
of the attribute of denoting doubt and vagueness
of meaning and the giving of option or choice ;
adducing as one of his exs. of this meaning the

^'"P. i£i& J 1 'i>* •>>>-=» '^^ [in the Kur
ii. 129, And thry said, "Be ye Jews" or "Chris-
tians"] ; because the use of j in division is better;
as when you say, <J»^j Jjmj^^I iJbCJI : or it
denotes, accord, to some, distinction (J t ^m);
and the meaning of the ex. last cited, say they, is,
and the Jews said, "He ye Jews," and the Chris-
tians said, "lie ye Christians." (Mughnrc.) It
is [said to be] used in this last sense (that of
J*. oulJI) in the saying, J-1«JI _}l^*LjlM JfeT £*im
[I used to eat fiesh-meat or honey]; i.e. I used
to eat fiesh-meat one time and honey another time:
and so in the Kur vii. 3 and x. 13. —Eighthly,
(Mughnee,) it is used in the sense of the exceptive
S)1 , (Mughnee, K,) or J,l S?l ; (M ;) and in- this
case the aor. after it is mansoob, because of ^1
suppressed. (Mughnee, K.) So in the saying,
j^~ — j }\ tiiSJ i*} [I mill assuredly slay him or he
shall become a Muslim; i. n., unless he become a
Muslim]. (Mughnee. [And a similar ex. is given
in the M.]) So, too, in the saying,

* * * * at "it it**

[And I used, when I pinclied and pressed the
spear of a people, to break its knots, or joints, or
its internodal portions, (the shaft being a cane,)
or, i. e. unless, it became straight] : (Mughnee,
K :•) a prov., of which the author is Ziyad El-
Aajam; meaning, when a people behaved with
hardness to me, I endeavoured to soften them :
(TA in art. j+£ :) thus related by Sb, the verb
ending it being rendered mansoob by jl ; and thus
he heard it from some one or more of the Arabs ;
but in the original verses, which are but three, it
is jfufimJ, with refa. (IB and TA in art. >ȣ.)
[And similar to these above arc the sayings,] <ul

If " • * .' ** f '. .- *

SJiji J m it U *l o^*« [ Verily it belongs to such
a one or there is not, i. e. unless t/tere be not, in
Nejd, a 4k^5 (see art. liji)] : and U jl iU^J

9f 06. 9 *

iiiji jafc is [I will assuredly come to thee or there

Book I.]

it not, i. c. unlets there be not, in Nejd, a iiiji] ;
meaning J will assuredly come to thee, in truth.
(T.) — Ninthly, (Mughnee,) it is used in the

sense of Jl , (Mughnee, £,) or o' ,Jj » (? 5l »
which case also the aor. after it is mansoob, be-
cause of ^1 suppressed : (Mughnee :) and in the
sense of ^J*. [which is also syn. with Jl]. (Fr,

T, M, £.) So in the saying, ^»yi jl **/*$ [I
mill assuredly beat him until he repent]. (S.
[And similar exs. of jl as explained by J*, are
given in the T (from Fr) and in the M and in the
Mughnee.]) And so in the saying of the poet,

^i jpi 9 \ ^*-oi o^r^^

9

[I will assuredly deem easy what is difficult until
I attain the objects of wish ; for hopes become
not easy of accomplishment save to one who
is patient]. (Mughnee.) — Tcnthly, some sny,
(Mughnee,) it denotes nearness [of one event
or thing to another] ; as in the saying, i_£pl U

.A* •■ .i.t ' ..

c.)} jl^JL/l [/ hnow not whether he saluted or

hade farewell] : (Mughnee, K : [but in the Cr>
this ex. is misplaced :]) this, however, is mani-
festly wrong ; ^1 being here used to denote doubt,
and tho denoting of nearness being only inferred
from the fact of the saluting being confounded
in the mind with the bidding farewell, since this
is impossible or improbable when the two times
are far apart. (Mughnee.) _ Eleventhly, (Mugh-
nee,) it occurs as a conditional, (T, Mughnee,K,)
accord, to Ks alone ; (T ;) or rather as a con-
junctive and conditional ; ^1j being meant to be
understood in its place ; though in truth the verb
that precedes it indicates that the conditional
pnrficlo [,jl] is meant to be understood [before
that verb], and jl retains its proper character,
but forms part of that which has a conditional
meaning because conjoined with a preceding con-
ditional phrase. (Mughnee.) So in the saying,
Oli _j1 y-U d^j^'j, (Mughnee, K,) i. e., &\

OU ,j1 ) w'j-oJI «X*V c£l-* [I "''" assuredly
beat him if he live (after the beating) or if he
die]: so says Ibn-Esh-Shejeree. (Mughnee.) _.
Twelfthly, accord, to Ibn-Esh-Shejeree, on the
authority of 6omc one or more of the Koofces,
(Mughnee,) it denotes division into parts, or por-
tions ; as in the saying [in the ]£ur ii. 129, before

cited,] i^JUi jl byi \y>£> Ijffcj, (Mughnee,?,)
i. e. And they said, " Be ye, some of you, Jews,
and, tome of you, Christians:" (TA :) but [IHsh
says,] it appears to me that the meaning* here is
that of J^eJu.11 mentioned before. (Mughnee.)
__[ln the K it is said to occur also in the sense
of,Jl: but this is evidently a mistake, app. ori-
ginating in one of the two principal sources of the
K, namely, the M, in which the same is said, but
is exemplified by a phrase in which it is explained
by ,jl *$\ , the eighth of the meanings of ^1 men-
tioned above.] — See also jl, below.

^1 in \}yt j}£ &c. is [the conjunction] ^ with
the interrogative 1 prefixed to it (Fr, T.)

life ±y> jl (T, M) and jl (M) [Alas, on

account of, or for, such a thing !] an expression
denoting complaint of distress, or of anxiety, or of
grief or sorrow ; (T ;) or an expression of grief
or sorrow; (M;) like t«J and t^l and *-*U}l,
(K. and TA in art ojl,) or t iuy , (C? in that art.,)
or • •tiijl, or t »l3j*f, (S in that art., [the » in one
copy of which is marked as quiescent,]) and like
»? and o^l &c. (S and Msb and K in art *j,\ : see

»\ in that art.) AZ says, one says, juj J* *y
[meaning Alas, for Zeydl] with kesr to the »,
and JiJ* t ojl [thus without », meaning Alas,
for thee !] with O ; an expression of regret for a
thing, whether of great or mean account (T.)

if bl

_jl The word fjl when made a noun. (T,K.) So

say the grammarians. (T.) You say, * • — jl ».U

[This it a good jl]. (T.) And to one who uses

the phrase I jfe Jl I jfe Jill, (T,) you say, «>

* * At *(
lJI»>y^l [Let thou, or leave thou, the word jl

alone]. (T, K.)

'At •*•". .

•jl [A moaning (see its syn. <Ut in art. ajl)] is

***** • I • *

said by some to be of the measure Ul*», in which
the a is the sign of the fem. gender ; for they say,
iUjt i"-mi- [I heard thy moaning], making it

O : and so says Lth ; 05I is after the manner of

• * • •• * * rt i _
iUi : (T:) you say, JU Sj' [May God cause

moaning to thee!], (Lth, T, and S in art. »jl,)

and Jii <Ut : [but accord, to J, the former of these

is cognate with the latter ; for he says that] the

former is with the » suppressed, and with teshdeed

•,,*. ,f -at

to the «. (S in art. »«1, where see i*l.)_ JULfr U^t ;
.it -a- -.« > --* • -i

and »0jl, or »Ujt, or »Ujl, or »U^t : see ^>o jl

5_jl I. /^. <u*b [^1 calamity, a misfortune, ice. :
or, perhaps, »cry cunning, applied to a man] : pi.

Jjl; (AA, T, K, TA; [but in copies of the K,
written jj\ ;]) which is one of the strangest of the
things transmitted from the Arabs ; the regular

form being ^jl, like ^J^i , pi. of »y ; but the word
occurring as above in the saying of the Arabs,

22*)] ^y» J^l ^lykU [It it no other thing than a
calamity oftlie calamities: or, perhaps, lie it no
other than a very cunning man of the very cun-
ning]. (AA, T, TA.)

jt and jl : see jl : and see ol in art. «jl.
^ # * *

& .i i - *" .

^jl and ^jjl : see 2j1, in art. j_jt.

»Ujl: seejl.

1. J»^> aor - 4yii> ( T > ?. &c ->) inf - n - "ra* (?>
M, Msb, K) and J*UI and i^'l (T, S, M, K) and
ift.1, (M, K,) ^ taking the place of s , (M,) and
iLl (Lh, M, $) and ^ [like JU], (Msb, TA,)
7/e (an absent person, T) returned (T, S, M, A,
Mgh, Msb, K) to his place, (Sh,) or to a thing,

(M,) or from his journey; (Msb;) as also 'v^'j
(M,) inf. n. ^ jU and ^-eiU ; (K ;) and t ^13;
(M,? ;) and ♦ ^UjI [written with the disjunctive

123

alif v^i'] »(? >) "^ *V**i f a quasi-quadriliteral-
radical verb, originally »->^;l,] of the measure
Jj£, (M,) inf. n. v^J. (M, ?,) originally
4»1>!», of the measure JU**, (M, TA,) or,
accord, to Fr, ^>0I is incorrect, and the right
word is 1>£\ : (TA :) [and if so, ^j\ is perhaps

• , it *'tt •••»

changed from >_>^l, like as <U>I is from ^1; and
.-^tt is perhaps its inf. n., changed from y^U :]
or, as some say, ^l;! signifies only the returning
to one's family at night : (M, TA :) and iut *vj^
and aUI t ^.UJl [as well as aUI . Jl ^J] signify
A« returned to hit family at, or in, the night : (T,
TA:) or J^JI Jl, (S,) [or J^t", accord, to a

copy of the A, where we find <J*j*i ^i C^l,]
aor. as above ; (TA ;) and *J^vjW (S, A, K) and
Ov^J> (?i) tJ taking the place of j, (TA,)
inf. n. w>j)U« and v^U», (M, # [in which the two
forms of the verb are also given, but with the
sing, pronoun of the third pcrs. instead of the pi.,]
and K,) each in the form of a pass, part n. ;
(TA ;) he came to them at night : (S, M,» A, 5 :)

and ;UM vl> ( M >) inf - "• V^'» ($0 signifies he
came to the water, to drink, at night; as also
♦ a^UjI ; (M, K ;) and • *yU : (M :) or, accord,
to AZ, «£«yO signifies 2" came in the beginning of
the night. (S.) You say also, ^-,1)1 «£•*{, (T,
S, «cc.,) aor. ^P> ( M ») inf - n - V^» (T,) or
4»Cl [in the CK V U] and 4»jA (M,K,) TA«
sun returned from itt place of riting, and set :
(Msb :) or the tun tet ; (T, S, M, A, K ;) as
though it returned to the place whence it com-
menced its course ; (M ;) [or] it is a dial. var. of
si^lc. (S.) And ^U *e)l v' People came to
him from every direction, or quarter. (TA, from
a trad.) The poet Sa'idch Ibn-El-'Ajlan uses the
expression, «_«V« JXj*), meaning A thin tnord
would have come to thee ; in which the verb may
be trans, by itself, or the prep, ^jll may be under-
stood. (M, TA.) — He returned from disobe-
dience to obedience; he repented. (TA.) And
dill , jl w<l lie returned unto Ood from hit tin,
or offence, and repented. (Msb.)__AeJI */ ^»l
He made him to return to him, or it ; as also
aJ\ t •yl't, (M.) And a^-, ^1 »ja ^>\, (as in
a copy of the T,) or » j^, (as in a copy of the A,
[which is probably here the more correct],) He
put back kit hand to his sword to draw it : (Lth,
T, A :) and *->'$ ^J\ [to his bow] to draw it :
and <j-»y-> ^j)l [to his arrow] to shoot it (A.)__
See also 2.

2. w>y : sec 1, first sentence : — and the same
again, near the end. — He repeated, or echoed,
the praises of God: thus in tho saying [in the
Kur xxxiv. 10], a** ^y^l Jllfc \j O mountains,
repeat ye, or echo ye, the praitet of Ood with
him ; [i. e., with David ;] (S, # M, TA ;) but some
read ajuo ^ifW'i meaning return ye with him in
praising at often at he returneth therein: (M,
TA:) or, accord, to the former reading, the
meaning is, O mountains, labour ye with him in
praising God all the day, until the night : (T :)

1G*

124

for — V?» <?, A,) inf. n. ^,0, (T, A, K,) also
signifies /< (a company of men) journeyed by
day: (Aboo-Malik, T :) or all the day, (T, A,
K,) to the night, (T,) without alighting to rest :
(TA :) .^-jjU being the same kind of day-jour-
neying as jUt is of night-journeying: (T, M :) or
he journeyed all the day, and alighted at night :
(T, S:) or lie journeyed by night: (Msb:) or
v-o'u (M, L, K) and ♦ ^1> (Lth, T, L, K)
signify the vying, one with another, of travelling-
camels, in pace, or going. (Lth, T, M, L, K.) A
)>oct says,

[And if thou, or tAey, (meaning camels,) vie with
him in ^<ice, or f/ot'nj/, t/tow wilt, or </te^ wi'W,
./Snrt* hi in to be one that overcomes therein] : so
as related by Lth : but as related by others, -iujp.
(T.)

•• Vj'j "»• "• *o'>« : see 2, in two places.

o. *-j£> and %^-jU : see 1, in five places.
8. wjUlSI : see 1, in three places.

Q. Q. 1. y r ^\, originally ^>yj\ : sec 1, first sen-
tence.

^1 The name of a [Syrian] month [corres-
ponding to August, O.S.]i an arubicized word.
(IAar,M,K.)

vjl an inf. n. of 1. (S, M, Msb, K.) Also

Thcreturning of the fore and hind legs of a beast in
going along : (T, M, A,» K :) or quichncss in the
changing, or shifting, of the fore and hind legs in
going along : (S :) and simply quichness, or swift-
ness. (M, K.) One says, l^jj^ ^| ^ -» ,*-! U
How wonderful is the returning [or quick shifting]
of her fore legs! (A.) And to one going at a
quick pace, one says, w^l ^y^l [meaning Keep
to the quick changing, or shifting, of the legs ; a
verb being understood : or Trot on ! Trot on .'].
(A.) — A right, or direct, way, course, or tcn-
rfe/iey; syn. juai and i*Ui_,l. (M [in which
these two syns. arc mentioned together] and K
[in which anotlicr explanation intervenes between
them, namely S»\a, as though they were meant to
be understood in different senses, which I do not
think to be tho case].)_ A direction : as in the

■ nvin S> »>eyl £ Vi' \j*i [He shot, or cast, in
one direction, or in two directions]. (M , A.) __
A course, way, mode, or manner, of acting, or
conduct, or the like : (A :) custom. (Lh, M, A,
K.) You say, «^lj O*** v»>* ^ *=<^> / »»««
[proceeding] in tlie course, way, mode, or man-
ner, of acting, ice, of such a one. (A.) And
<Vjl l«A* Jlj U 2V*u ceaierf not <o ie JUi course,
way, mode, or manner, &c. : (A :) or Mi custom.
(Lh, M, A.) __ A way, or road : (M, Msb, KL :)
a quarter : ('Eyn, M, A, K :) a tract, or *tae .-
('Eyn, S:) a place: (S:) a />foce <o which one
returns [like vM- (A, Msb.) You say, t.lu.
Y>» J» i>* TAey came from every way, or
road, (M, Msb,) or quarter, ('Eyn, M, A,) or
(r«ft, or side, ('Eyn, S,) anrf place, (S,) or ;>/ace
to which one returns. (A, Msb.) And ^jtyi lyl
signifies TVic two sides of the valley. (A.)«s

V*' — >j'
2?ee* : (M, K :) a quasi-pl. n. : as though the
sing, were ^1 : AHn says that they are so called
because of their returning to the 5iU», i. e.
the place where they hive for the night. (M,

TA.) See £j& — The clouds. (K.) The

wind. (K.)

4^1 and tj£| Return; (T, A,K;) as also
▼ IM, a subst. from ^\. (Msb.) You sav,

YT*" *0' * * *l *| t^ a y tl' e return of the absent
give thee joy]. (TA.) And *\tf)\ jujL jjS and

' frf^JI ofccAa one m ytiicA m return. (A'Obcyd,
T, S.*) _ Return from disobedience to obedience ;

repentance. (TA in art. w-jI.) a! i^jl ^ J»^L&

Speech, or language, without profit. (A.)^

^ I is also the sing, of Olyl, which signifies The
legs of a beast. (K, TA.)

see iyl, in two places. ■■ Also, (as in
some copies of the £,) or ♦ iul , (accord, to the
CK,) or * iljT, (accord, to the T£,) A noon-day
draught or drink. (K.)

i*il : see what next precedes.

* Jt
■rij^l A she-camel flwtY/i t'» t/<e changing, or

shifting, of her fore and hind legs in going along.
(?•)

see «b»i.

wjl^i Fiequent in retwning. (T.)__ Frequent
in returning unto God, from one's sins; (M,
TA ;) wont to repent, or frequent in repenting :
(Zj, T, A, Mgh, Msb :) or turning from dis-
obedience to obedience : (S, L :) or a praiser of
Ood; (Sa'ccd Ibn-Jubeyr, TA ;) by which is here
meant, in the prayer of the period of the forenoon

called , .fc oil, when the sun is high, and the

heat violent ; hence termed ,>rfly^l i^Le ; which
is performed when the young camels feci the heat
of the sun from the parched ground : (TA :) or
obedient: (Kauidch, TA :) or one wlio reflects
upon his sins in solitude, and prays God to for-
give them : (TA :) or one who keeps, or w mind-
ful of, tlie ordinances prescribed by God, (i****.,
[which is thus explained by Bd and Jcl as occur-
ring in tlie K.ur 1. 31,]) and does not rise from
his sitting-place until lie begs forgiveness of God:
('Obeyd lbn-'Omeyr, T, TA :* [but this is evi-
dently meant as an explanation of >_>iy together
with mjt m : see the Kur ubi supra :]) or one
who sins, and then returns to obedience, and then
sins, and tlten returns to obedience. (TA.)

I ; Returning : [&c. :]

• el

s^!>\ act. part n. of

(M, Msb :) pi. ^»ljl and ^>\j\ and T^j' [q- v.] :
(M, ]£ :) or, accord, to some, tlie last is a quasi-
pl. n. (M,TA.)

• - m

iyl The coming of camels to water, to drink,
every night : whence the saying,

[Book I.

a settled, or fixed, abode, or dwelling-place : (TA :)
the place to which one is translated, or removed,
by death : (K, TA :) tlie goal to which the course
of life ultimately leads one; or place to which on*
returns in the ultimate slate, or world to come.
(T, TA.) __ The place w/iere the sun sets. (TA.)
— [.rl day-journey : pi. ^»^U ; as in the saying,]
*->y* £J%> y» t - : > Between them two are three
day-journeys. (K.)

* '*

w >^~t> [A camel that overcomes in vying with

another, or others, in pace, or going] : see an ex.
vocc^o'. (T.)

j£J\ iiU [The place where the water flows again
into the well to supply the deficiency occasioned
by drawing;] the »«Co of the well ; i. c, the place
where the water collects in the well. (TA.)

*4} % y> £ij, (IB. CK,) or iijy», (as in a copy
of the M, and in some copies of the K,) A wind
blowing throughout the whole day: (M, K:) or
a wind that comes at night. (IB.)

wiU^a : sec w>jU«, in two places.

• it. t 4 At**

w>^U« an inf. n. of 5, q. v. ; as also " »^U«.
(M> K.)

w>jU« Returning to one's family at, or in, the
night ; as also * *->&y» : (TA :) or, as also t^Ue,
coming at night: or coming in the beginning of
the night : (S :) [and so ™ ^J^y>, as in the fol-
lowing ex. :]

'at \ * it

i\i. s V 13>6 dllt JjjJ

[Do not thou come to the water, to drink, unless
coming to it every night], (IAar, M.) See

also iot,

^>U A place to which one returns : (T, S, K :)

,t , .< * s * ti. t ,,

[And whoso fearcth God, verily God is with him;
and the supply of God comcth to him at night, or
in the beginning of the night, and nmetk early in
the morning : Jmj lx-ing here put for ,^Jj, by a
necessary poetical licence : sec art. .JSj]. (S.)

f il-l • it- I

yjLt : see w»jU«.

• -£' * t «e*j

y^U : sec s^Ua.

1. }j\, aor. i S \j, mf. n. jjl, It (a thing, T, S,
M, or an arrow, AHn, M) was, or herumc, of

itself, crooked, curved, or bent. (T, S, M, A,*K.)

_ ** i '' %»t

[Sec also 5.]^jl, aor. jjjj, inf. n. >jl, It (the

day) receded, in the evening. (T, L.) ___ // (the

evening, T, S) declined. (T, S, K.) It (a

thing, L) returned. (M, L, K.) J^JI Ojf

77«e shadows returned, and inclined towards the
east. (L.)_^uU y\ lie inclined towards him;
or pitied him. (M.) = o?, (T, S, Msb,) first
pcrs. *&, (M,) or *5il, (K, TA, [in the CK,

erroneously, <ujl,]) aor. )}yi, inf. n. >jt, (As, T,
M, Msb,) JZe crooked, curved, or fo?«/, /t ; (As,
T, S, L, Msb, K >• c, a stick, (As, T, L,) or
other thing; (L;) as also * o 5 l. (L,K.)__»^,
aor. i&i, (T, S, M, &c.,) inf. n. ijl (S, M, K)

and >j£l, (M, K,) /t (a load) oppressed him by
its weight; pressed heavily upon him; burdened
him. (AZ, T, S, A, Msb.) And It (a thing, or
an affair,) oppressed, distressed, or afflicted, him :

(M, L, K:) and [in like manner] "»jjl3, (L, K,)

Book I.]

or *.'^U, (T,) as also ^U, (L, K,) the last
formed by transposition (T, L) from tlio second,
(T,) or first, (L,) said of an affair, it pressed
heavily upon him ; oppressed him. (T, L, K.)
You say, ♦ J& ^ J** &\ U What hath bur-
dened [or distressed) thee, it (that thing) is bur-
dening [or distressing] to me. (S.)

2 : sec 1.

5. £\j It (a stick, T, L, or some other thing, L)
became, by an extraneous operation, croohed,
curved, or bent ; (T, S, M, A, L, K ;) as also
t 3 Ll. (T, R, M, L, K : [in the CK >UVi is erro-
neously put for JUU.]) El-'AJU»j says,

[He used not to become bent, and he has become
bent], milking the prct. to bo a denotative of state

because ji is meant to be understood, as in the

• . ■ •■» i.' * l
saying in the Kur [iv. U2], Oj-f»- jr=>yy»- £

^h a j^>. (S.) You say also, V*y ^i OjjU
She (a woman) ifn* Ml her rising, by reason of

her heaviness. (T and L in art. ilj.) = •*J° :

> -•»
sec «il.

6. »i_)0 : sec »_>'•

7. jUI : sec 5, in two plaoofl. — Also lie be-
came o]>presscd, or burdened [by a load]. (Msb.)

y ; (T, M ;) or ♦>/, fern. fljyl; (K;) Croohed,
curved, or ftritf. (T, M, K)

ijT ; foni. ilijt : see what next precedes.
jj\ Hardening [or distressing]. (S.) Seel, last
sentence.

>j£< Oppressed, jncssed heavily upon, or &i/>-
<Z«?«flf, by a load. (S.)

>}U Calamities : (I Aar, M, L, K :) as also
jjlli, which is app. formed by transposition.
(M, L.) Some say that jjU is pi. of •**£», ami
derive this word [which see in art. ju\] from #>l,
oor. }&i, meaning " it oppressed him by its
weight :" (T, L :) or it has no sing. (1 Aar, M.)

Jb'

jjt (S, Msb, K) and 5j£l, (S,) or the latter
is the n. nn. of the former, [which is a coll. gen.
n.,] (Msb,) i. (j. ixj [The goose, or geese; and the
duck, or duchs; butjjl is generally applied to the
former of these birds; and £*, to the latter;
agreeably with a statement in the Jin, that Jsu is
applied by the Arabs to the small, and j^l to the
birge] ; (S, K ;) as also Jj, of which the n. un. is
Sjy. (Msb:)jjl is of the measure J*» : (Msb:)

[but sec what follows:] the pi. is OAiiJ' (?> Msl, »
K,) a form which is sometimes used, (S, Msb,)
and which is anomalous. (Msb.) [See also

*»j£>.] [Hence,] jjl also signifies t Short

and thick: (K :) fleshy tvithout being tall: (Lth,
TA:) feni. with 5. (TA.) El-'Okbcree asserts
tliat the I is augmentative, because it is followed
by three radical letters : (If F, TA :) but ISd says

that it is of the measure J»J, and may not be of
the measure J*»l, [i. e., originally jjjl,] because
this does not occur as the measure of an epithet.
(TA.) [It seems, however, that Jjl is in this case
a subst. used tropically as an epithet, after the
manner of many nicknames.]^ Also, applied to
a man, and to a horse, and to a camel, Firm in
make : (AHei in the Expos, of the Tes-hccl, and
TA :) or, applied to a horse, compact and strong
in make. (TA.)

iCyl A manner of walking in which is a moving
up and down : or leaning on one side; (K ;) [the
latter omitted in the CK;] at one time on the
right and at another on the left [like a goose or
duck] : (TA :) and the walk of a sprightly horse.
(TA.) Az says that it may be of the measure
^jjbjl, [i. e., originally ^j},] or ^i; but
Abu-1-Hasan holds the latter to be the more cor-
rect, because it is the measure of many words
relating to walking; as ^yiu*., and ^Jti*. (TA.)

U uojt A land abounding with the birds

called jjl. (Sgh,K.)

u"3'

JJl [The myrtle;] a certain kind of tree,
(S, Msb, K,) well known, (S, K,) fragrant,
(IDrd, M, Msb,) and evergreen, abundant in the
land of the Arabs, growing in the plains and
mountains, and increasing so as to become a great
tree : (AHn, M, TA :) n. un. with i : (AHn,
M, Msb, K :) IDrd says, I think it an adventitious
word, although used by the Arabs, and occurring
in chaste poetry. (M, TA.)

■> - -- '. it. • f *'i j

1. j^Ut C*»1, aor. ojy, inf. n. >_J}1 and

li\ (M, TA) and Jj$, (M,) or Jjjl, (TA,)
The country, or countries, had therein what is
termed iiT [i. e. a blight or blast or tlie like, or
a pest or plague or the like]. (M, TA.) And
>U£J1 Ju\, (Ilm Buzurj, T,) or £jj>t, (K,) or
i | V*Jt, with the verb in the pass, form, (Msb,)
like J-», (K,) Tke wheat, or seed-produce, or
thing, became affected, or smitten, with what is
termed ii\ [i. c. a blight, blast, taint, canker, or
the like]. (T,K, Msb.) And>>! J\, (M,TA,)
and lji)l, (K,) thus in a correct copy of the 'Eyn,
(TA,) and iyL.1, (Lth, T, K,) and 1^1, (K, TA,)
[in the CK lyil,]) and 1^1, (Lth, T, K, [in the
CK lyi,]) the hist, namely, l^ll , with the I termed
i>C«, having a quiescent letter [i. e. ^j] rendered
apparent by utterance but not by writing, between
it and the o, (T, K,* [in which is a strange
omission, of the words JmUI ^ JaiUI a^ (>%l-/
as in the T, or »JI \^i &&C as in the TA,]
TA,) The people been me affected, or smitten, with
what is termed 3i\ [i. e. a pest or plague or the
like]. (Lth, T, M, K.) Lth says, in this case one
says lyi, and in one dial. I^yl : (T:) in several
copies of his book, in one dial. \yi}, with two
distinct Js, of which the former is with teshdeed :
but in some copies as mentioned just before. (Sgh,
TA.)

125

li\ [A blight, blast, taint, canker, disease, bane,
pest, plague, or the like; any evil affection; an
evil; a cause of mischief or harm or injury ; any-
thing that is noxious or destructive; a calamity ;]
i.q. iiU; (S, Msb, K;) i.e. (Msb, [in the K
" or,"]) an accident that mars, or corrupts, that
which it affects, or befalls, or smites : (T, M, O,
Msb, K:)pl. OUI. (Msb,K.) [Sec 1.] One

says, oO'vJ^' **l5 ^-k^' ^J^" **• [ The bane
of elegance in manners, or the like, is tke over-
passing the due limits therein, and arrogating to
oneself superiority therein, through pride; and
the banc of science is forgetfulness]. (T.) And it is

said in a trad., oO' J»" **lj V <&* , r l! •^ J, ^
[The bane of discourse is lying; and the bane of
science is forgetfulness]. (TA.) And hence the
saying, oUf^JLJb,' lf\ ;^ J& [To everything
there is a bane; and to science there are banes].
(TA.)

Jj>, (Ks, T, S, M, Msb, K,) originally
J>^U, (Msb,) and * J^, (Ibn-Buzuij, T, K,)
Affected, or smitten, with what is termed ii\ ;
(T, S, M, &c. ;) applied to wheat, (Ks, Ibn-
Buzurj, T, M,) or seed-produce, (S, K,) &c.
(M ? b.)

U^w* : sec Oj3^-

M*

ta i

ieijl : sec art. ^j.

1. JT, aor. Jj& (T, S, M.^&c.,) inf. n. j]l
(T, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and JU (M, K) and
. jCl , which last is used as a subst. in relation to
objects of the mind, (Msb,) and <UyM [hko
iU£>}), (TA,) He, or it, returned; syn. ^ ;
(T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K ;) and \<* ^(T ;) Jand
he resorted ; (see an instance voce JjJ;)] «*>J to
it; (M,K;) namely a thing [of any kind; the thing,
or place, whence he, or it, originated, or came ; his,
or its, origin, or source ; his, or its, original state,
condition, quantity, weight, &c. ; any place ; and
a former action, or saying, or the like : sec »».j,
by which, as the explanation of Jt, may be meant
to be implied some other significations, hero fol-
lowing, which these two verbs have in common] :
(M :) and ile jf he (a man, M) returned,
or reverted, from it. (M, K.) _ From Jl as
syn. with **.j is the phrase, ^j£s ^J Jjyj yjfti
[meaning either Such a one returns to generosity,
or, as j>f£s is used in the sense of jAjrf, .«
referable to generous, or noble, ancestors], (TA.)
[And hence the phrase,] ^ — ^ *JI Jl [He bore
a relation to him, as a memlier to a head, by
kindred], and ,>i«S! [ h U religion]. (Ibn-'Arafch.)
And the saying, in a trad., ^li j*jn v»V-a ±y»
JT *41 >U», i. c. % [lie n-ko fasts ever, or always,
may he neither, fast] nor return to what is good.
(TA. [In the Mgh, art. ,*}, for Jl I find jJkil ;
and it is there said that this is an imprecation
uttered by the Prophet, lest a man should believe

120

this kind of fasting to be ordained by God ; or,
through impotence, should become insincere ; or
because, by fasting all the days of the year, he
would do so on the days on which fasting is
forbidden. Sec other readings voce *^l in art.
yi-]) — Hence also the saying, Jl i^«eJI cJ?
cr-*-JI, meaning | The blow, or stroke, resulted
in destroying life ; in slaying, or killing. (Mgh.)
— Hence also, lji» ^5) 'j£)\ J\ [The affair,
or case, became ultimately reduced to such a state,
or condition ; came to such a result; came to
be thus]. (Msb.) __ Hence also, l>\'Jj\ cJLX
I Jm jjJ ^M JU / cooked the wine, or beverage,
and it became reduced (*--;) to such a quantity.
(§.) And £#l jl ±&\ J} jf JL JLLi i/e
roo/feff ft (namely j*J [i. e. must, or mead, or
wort,]) «n*i7 it became reduced (i»-j) to the
third, or to the fourth : (T :) or, said of the
same, (Mgh,) or of medicine, (TA,) Jf Ji.
ij-^ U o^l, (Mgh,) or j»-lj ^ Jl, (TA,)
until twice the quantity, or weight, of a J>«

*«cawe [rerfiicerf to] (jU) on« J>i. (Mgh.)

[Hence also, Jj^l jl*J* The proleptic, or an<t*ci-
pative, trope; as J^a* applied to "a young
camel" before it is weaned, because it is to be
wcancd.J — [And hence also, app.,] ;Jlj| JT,
inf. n. JU, The thing [became reduced in quan-
tity or size ;] decreased; diminished ; or became
defective, or deficient. (M, K.) And J>L} JT
iiUI The flesh of the she-camel went away, so
that she became lean, or slender and lean, or lean

and lank in the belly. (T, £.) Jl, (T,S,M,

£,) inf. n. jjl (T, M,£) and jty (M,K,)
is also said of tar, (T,§,M,) and of honey, (§,)
and of milk, (M,) and of wine, or beverage,
(TA,) and of urine, (M,) or of the urine of
camels that have been contented with green pas-
ture instead of water, at the end of their being in
that state, (T.) and of oil, (M,£,) and other things,
(K,) as meaning It became thick : (T, S, M, £ :)
said of milk, it thickened and coagulated: (M :)
said of wine, or beverage, it thickened, and
became intoxicating in its utmost degree : (Az,
TA :) and said of oil, it attained its full perfume,
or sweetness of odour, by being well prepared
or compounded. (T.) _ jffiA Jl Jjjj M U
[written in the TA without any vowel-signs, app.
mcuning t What aileth thee that thou shruggest
thy shoulders? lit., drawest thyself together to
thy two shoulder-blades?] is said [to a man! HI
£*-*-lj W" ■*-*"' [when he draws himself to-
gether to them, and contracts himself] ; and is

a tropical phrase : so says Z. (TA.) O-o JT

\lf^i lie escaped, or became safe or secure, from
such a one : a dial. var. of Jlj : (T, K. :) of the

dial, of the Ansar. (TA.) You say also, Jl,

■W-wb&J (T,M ? b;) or Jy, aor. J^t ; ($ ;)
meaning He, or it, preceded; went before ; was,
or became, before, beforehand, first, or foremost ;
(T, Msb, $ ;) and came : (Msb :) with this, also,
Jlj is syn. ; and from it [says Az] is most pro-
bably derived Jjl, so that its original form is J£h

jy

[or, as Fei says,] hence is derived the phrase,
used by the vulgar, Jy>)t JJjui with fet-h to the
hemzeh [as meaning " the first, or preceding, ten
(nights of the month)," for Jy^l, pi. of Jy^l,
fern, of Jj^l ; but this is generally regarded as
being originally j\y$\, from Jlj]. (Msb.)=5i

41: see 2 Accord, to Lth, (TA,) £j|, (M,

$,) aor. ijjjt, inf. n. jjl, (TA,) signifies I
made it (namely, milk, M, or oil &c, £) to
thicken, (M,£,) and to coagulate; (M ;) the
verb being botli intrans. and trans. : (£ :) but
Az says that it is not known as trans., in this
sense, in the language of the Arabs [of the classi-
cal ages]. (TA.)==«£*J J\, (S, M, Ms b, £,)
aor. J,£, inf. n. jjl (S) and JU, (S,M,K,)
of which the simple subst. is SJU , (S,» Msb,)
He (a prince or commander, S, or a king, M, K)
ruled, or governed, his subjects; presided over
their affairs, as commander or governor ; (S, M,
Msb, £ ;) and did so well: (S :) and ljj+ JT.

._ 9 99 9 , £ „ -

inf. n. Jjl and JU and 301 , [or this last, as
said above, is a simple subst.,] lie presided over
them ; held command, or authority, over them ;
(M, K ;) namely, a people, or company of men ;
(K or, over their affairs. (TA.) It is said
in a prov., (M,) U> j\,lj til Ji (T,S, M) We
have ruled and been ruled ; (T ;) me hare pre-
sided and been presided over. (M.) __ aJU Jl,
(T,S,M,»M ? b,K,) inf. n. 3U, (T,Msh,) lie
put into a good, or right, slate, or condition, and
managed, or tended, his JU [meaning cattle] ;
( T » ?» M,» K. ;) as also * aJUJl [written with the
disjunctive ulif i'lil], (K,) inf. n. jl^l : (S :)
or he managed his camcU, and his sheep or goats,
in such a manner that they throve, or became
in a good state or condition, by his management.
(Msb.) Lcbced describes a female singer

(T, S,) meaning with a stringed lute, (EM
p. 109,) which her thumb adjusts; (S, EM ;)
from CJI, (T, S,) signifying I put into a good,
right, or proper, state, or condition. (T. [But
see another leading in the first paragraph of art.
(5)1.]) You say also, i^i\ cJI meaning I com-
posed, or collected together, the thing, and put
it into a good, right, or proper, state, or condi-
tion : and some of the Arabs say, .iLl* i&7 ♦ Jjl
j)yt\, i. e. May God compose for thee thine
affair: and, by way of imprecation, iilf t Jy <)
dJ^i aJx- [Muy God not compose fur him his
discomposed, disorganized, deranged, or unsettled,
affair, or affairs]. (T.) — J^lt cJI, inf. n.
J^l and JU, also signifies I drove the camels:
(M:) or, accord, to the T, I bound the camels'
udders mith the ij-ol (Q;j-i>) until t/ie time of
milking, when I loosed them. (TA.)

2. ^Jl i)Ji, (M, £,) inf. n. Ji/u, (TA,) He
returned it (namely, a tiling, M) to him, or it. ;
he made it, or caused it, to return to him, or it ;
syn. a*«-j : (M, K : in the CKL iujLJ :) and * ii?
also signifies the same ; syn. oj. (TA.) You
| say, iLJU iLU M J^l May God restore to

[Book I.

thee thy stray ; (T,» TA ;) cause it to return to
thee; (TA;) bring together thee and it. (T.)
And !.*& ^jll AiJ^I J catued At'm, or t'f, to come
to such a state or condition ; brought, or reduced,
him, or it, thereto; syn. 4>l &>«*. (T.)_See
also 1, near the end of the paragraph, in two
places. __ JyU also signifies The discovering,
detecting, revealing, developing, or disclosing, or
the explaining, expounding, or interpreting, that
to which a thing is, or may be, reduced, or that
which it comes, or may come, to be : (S, O, TA :)
you say, i£jjl, inf. n. JyU ; and * ^^13, inf. n.

JjU ; in one and the same sense : and hence the
saying of El-Aasha :

' i^. tjjU ^Jis. v« J* •

• U^-,b s^ULJI ^j tjjU •

(S :) or lyl*. t J^U : ( 80 in a copy of the T : [the
former word being, accord, to this reading, a
contraction of JjUJ ; but this docs not altogether
agree with what here follows:]) AO says, ' t ~*A J,U

J J 9*0 *> B0 *

means tjufyty * jtr-Q ', [i.e., the explanation of
her love, or of the (poet's) love of her, and the
state, or condition, to which it eventually came,
is this:] (S:) it was small in his heart, and
ceased not to grow until it became great ; like as
the little young camel [born in the season called
£tij, or in the beginning of the breeding-time,]
ceases not to <jrow until he becomes great like his
mother, (T,* S,) and has a son accompanying
him: (S:) [or] Jjy and *i)Ju, (M,K,) inf. n.
of the former as above, (K,) when said of lan-
guage, signify »j_ij »jjij ,#} [he considered its
end, or what it might be to which it led or pointed,
and compared one part of it with another, and
then explained, or expounded, or interpreted, it]:
(M, K :) hence, [if the explanation in the M and
K. 1«) meant to denote three distinct meanings,
which I do not think to be the case,] it would
seem as though J-> jU and ^ were syn. ; but
Record, to other authorities, they differ : (TA :)
[Az says,] accord, to Ahmad Ihn-Yuhya, these
two words and ^jia* are all one : but JjjU seems
to me to signify the collecting the meanings of
dubious expressions by such exjrremoH as is clear,
or plain, without dubiousness: or, accord, to Lth,
it is the interpreting of language that has different
meanings; and this cannot be rightly dime but by
an explanation which changes the expression ; as

also T J^13 : (T :) or the turning a verse of the
Kur-dn from its apparent meaning to a meaning
which it bears, or admits, when the latter is
agreeable with the Scripture and the Sunnch : for
instance, in the words of the lyur [vi. 95, &c],

*0 0°1r 901 9 i * a

w~«JI ^yti i^^aJt n-j»~i> if the meaning be [thus
explained] " He produccth the bird from the egg,"
this is j.. „kj : and if [it be explained as meanin"]
" lie produccth the believer from the unbeliever,"
or " the knowing from the ignorant," this is
Jjjtf : so says Ibn-El-Kcmal : (TA :) [hence,
although it may often be rendered by interpreta-
tion, like jtr-iS, it more properly signifies the
rendering in a manner not according to the letter,
or overt sense; explaining the covert, or virtual,

Book I.]

meaning ; interpreting in a manner not according
to the obvious meaning :] or the reducing a thing
to it* ultimate intent, whether it be a saying or
an action: (Er-Raghib,TA:) or je-ij signifies
the " discovering, detecting, revealing, or dis-
closing, what is meant by a dubious expression ;"
and JjjU, the reducing one of two senses, or
interpretations, which an expression bears, or
admits, to that which suits the apparent meaning :
(L and K in art. j~i, and TA in that and in the
present art. :) or the former signifies the " ex-
pounding, explaining, or interpreting, the narra-
tives which occur collected without discrimination
in the ]£ur-an, and making known the significa-
tions of the strange words or expressions, and
explaining the occasions on which the verses were
revealed ;" and the latter, the explaining the
meaning of that which it ajI^c, [or what is
equivocal, or ambiguous,] i. e., what is not under-
stood without repeated consideration. (TA : [in
which arc some further explanations; but these
add nothing of importance.] )— [ Hence, Uii) Jjl,
in grammar, lie rendered a word, or an expres-
sion, or a phrase, in grammatical analysis, by
another word, or expression, or phrase.] — And
[hence likewise,] JjjU signifies also The interpre-
tation, or explanation, of a dream ; the telling the
final sequel, or result, thereof: (M, K :) as in
tin', Kur xii. 101. (M.)_-_It is also used [as a
simple subst.] to signify The end, issue, result, or
final sequel, of a thing ; syn. iJU ; (Bd in iv. C2
and xvii. 37;) or *JU; (Jcl in the same places;)
or frj*, and ^~a-o ; as in the Kur [iii. 5], U5

t\ 10 £ t ' f' 3*0*

aDI ^)l aX>j\j ^Juu [But none hnoweth the end,
tec, thereof, except God]: (A 'Obcyd, T :) or
this phrase means, but none knoweth when will be
the resurrection, and to what the case will even-
tually come, (T, M,) when the hour shall arrive,
(TA,)oxcept (lod: (T,M:) so says Aboo-Is-huk:
(T :) and in like manner, [in the Kur vii. 51,]

aJOjU *>)l (j^Jiij J* means Do they wait for
aught save the result to which their case will come
by the resurrection ? (Aboo-Is-hak, T, M :) or,
the result to which it will come (Bd, Jel) in the
manifestation of its truth by the appearance of
the protaisvs and threats of which it has told?

L*# 00 *

(Bd:) in like manner, also, the saying, dill (_£yu

t^j^U .>— --I menns The fear of God is best in
respect of result ; syn. i-5U. (TA.)

5 : see 2, in the former half of the paragraph,
in six places. ___ j-oJI «ui J^U He discovered in
him the existence of good, or goodness, from its
outward signs: and he sought, or looked for,
good, or goodness, in him. (TA.) You say also,

j*.*$\ O^* vj* wJjO I sought, or looked for,
recompense in (or of or from) such a one. (T.)

8 : see 1, near the end of the paragraph, in two
places.

10. W$v" Jli-I K* sought the interpretation of
the dream, by consideration. (TA in art. ly->.)

JT A man's J*l [or family]', (T,S, M, M?b,
K ;) i. c. his relations : (Msb :) his »/*£* [or
kinsfolk ; or nearer, or nearest, relations by

descent from the same fatlier or ancestor; &c] ;
from jy as signifying fyrj, because recourse is
had to them in all affairs : (Har p. 578 :) and his
household; (S, TA;) the people of his house:
(Msb :) and his followers ; (S, Msb, K ;) in-
cluding soldiers: (S,TA:) and his ,^\ [i.e.
friends, and the like]: (K:) those who bear a

00 tm

relation to him, as members to a head, (aJI Jl 0"»»)
by religion or persuasion or kindred; as in the
Kur iii. 9 and viii. 54 and 56 &c. : (Ibn-'Arafeh :)
[or in these and many other instances, it may be
rendered people:] but in general it is not used
save in relation to that in which is eminence, or
nobility; so that one docs not say, v_ibL.NI Jl,
like as one says -JUkt : (K :) and it is peculiarly
used as a prefix to the proper names of rational
beinss ; not to indeterminate nouns, nor to nouns
of places or of times ; so that one says, ,j^i Jl ;
but not J»y Jl, nor I jc_» ,_jUj Jl, nor £~oy* Jl

, J ' i o I 00 j I

IJ-->, like as one says, [ J*»j J*l, and ^jUj Jj.1
I J£>, and] I J£> J& jit and \'j£> gb£ : (TA:)
Ks disallows its being prefixed to a pronoun ; so
that one should not say, a) I, but aJU.1; but his
opinion in this matter is not correct : it is origi-
nally Jjl; the j being changed into I, (M,*
Msb,) as in JIS [which is originally Jy ] : so
say some : (Msb :) or it is originally Jfct, (T,
M, Msb, K,) then Jll, and then Jl : (K so say
some, arguing thus from its having J-aI for its
dim. : (T, Msb :) but accord, to Ks, it assumes
the form ^JjjI as a dim. : (T :) or each of these
is its dim. (M, K.) By the jf of die Prophet
arc meant, accord, to some persons, His followers,
whether relations or others: and his relations,
whether followers or not : (Ahmad Ibn-Yahya,

> J it

T :) or, as some say, his family (-JU.I [q. v.]) and

his wives : [but it seems to be indicated that what

I have rendered " and his wives " is meant as an

explicative adjunct to -Juki :] or, as some say, the

people of his religion : (Esh-Shafi'ee, T :) being

pi
himself asked who were his Jl, he answered all

pious persons : (Anas, TA :) but in a trad, in
which it is said that the poor-rates are prohibited
to him and to his Jl, by this is meant those to
whom was appropriated the fifth [of the spoils]
instead of the poor-rates ; and these were the
genuine descendants of Hashim and El-Muttalib.
(Esh-Shafi'ee, T.) __ j^ji b and ju \ JL>, accord,
to the Koofecs, are contractions of j^j Jl L> [O
family of Zeyd]. (Mughnee, on the letter J ;
and El-Ashmoonee on the Alfeeyeh of Ibn-Miilik,

section .JUi^l. [See the letter J.]) [See

tt * * *

also iJUI. ] sss J I. q. j&iw [meaning The body,

or corporeal form or figure or substance, (of any-
thing, as is said in the T,) which one sees from a
distance; or, in this case, often, though not always,
the person, or self] ; (AA, T, S, M, K;) of a
man : a metaphorical application, from Jl as
signifying Jjkl and ijt^-e- i because comprising
the members and the senses. (Har p. 578.) _—
Sometimes, it is redundant, or pleonastic ; [being
only used for the sake of metre in verse, or to

127

give more force to an expression ;] as in the
following instance :

J43 jT jL jj ^ j4

[I experience, from remembrance of Leyld, or of

Leyld's person or self, the like of what the person

bitten or stung by a venomous reptile experience*

from the paroxysm of pain occasioned by the bite

or sting]. (TA.) [See also another ex., voce

t%0 ■ * »• • » *

4>Wi an <l another, voce jUj«t.]_[Likc ^ n m, * <,

it seems to be sometimes applied to Any material

thing that is somewhat high, and conspicuous:

and hence, perhaps, the signification next follow-

ing.]_— /-*JI »>• iJ>- 1 U [app. meaning The
overtopping, or higher, part, or parts, of the

camel]. (M, K.) A [tent of the kind called]

i^L. (M.) — The poles of the i£L ; (M, K ;)

*»'0* 9 ■ —

as also ♦ ill ; of which the pi. is O^l : (K :) or
t i)T is the sing, of Jl and O^l, [or n. un. of the
former and pi. of the latter,] which signify tho

pieces of wood (oU-ii.) upon which the I mm i i*
raised, or constructed : and hence Kutheiyir
likens the legs of his she-camel to four o"i)l of
the [wood of the tree called] -JLb. (S.)_The

pieces of wood (>_.. / «, , T, M, K) of >M i. [or tents],
(M,) stripped [of t lie tent-clotlu]. (T,TA.) —
Also, [app. because rising from the general sur-
face of the ground,] The extremities and side* of
a mountain. (M, K.*)=Thc vlr - [ or mirage] :
(As,T, M,K :) or peculiarly applied to that which
it in the first part of the day, (K,) as though

raising figures seen from a distance („j_>£_m),
and making them to quiver : (TA :) or that
which one sees in the first part of the day, and in
the last part thereof, a* though raising figure*
seen from a distance (^ayi**) ; not the same at
the v'v-* : (? or wnat resembles the v'j-* :
(Msb:) or, as some say, tliat which is in the
ifc <=• [or early part of the day when the sun is
yet low], like water between the sky and the earth,
[in appearance] raising figures seen from a di*-
tance (^rj- *•), and making them to quiver ;
whereas the w >\j-> is that which is at mid-day,
[apparently] cleaving to the ground, as though
it were running water : Th says, the Jl i* in the
frst part of the day : (M :) As says that the Jl
and the vlr-' are °" e ■' Dut otncra 8:i y l ' lat f he
former is from the v _r*~-' [sec above] to the
declining of the sun from the meridian ; whereas
the *->\j-> is after the declining of the sun from the
meridian to the prayer of the j-a* ; and in favour
of their assertion they urge, that the former [in
appearance] raises everything so that it become*

0* ~

what is termed Jl, I. e. ^mm ; for the Jl of
everything is its u nm & ; and that the ^j\j~> [in
appearance] lowers every ^na \ in it so that it
becomes [as though it wore] cleaving to the
ground, having no ^, n+ * > : Yoo says, the Arabs

f 04

say tliat the Jl is from the Sjj* [or period be-
tween the prayer of daybreak and sunrise] to tlie
time when the tun is very high, or near the meri-
dian ; then it is called w>lr J tor tn " rP8t of the
day : ISk says, the Jl t» that which [in appear-
ance] raises figures seen from a distance (^oyimi.),

128

and is in the u*— * [explained above] ; and the
vLr** " that which is upon the surface of the
ground, as though it were water, and is at mid-
day : and this, I [namely Az] say, is what I have
found the Arabs in the desert to say : (T :) El-
Harcerce speaks of the glistening of the J\; app.
using this word in the sense of vlr - 5 *° r ft ' s 'he
latter that glistens; not the former: (Har p. 363:)
the word is masc. and fern. (Msb, K.) The

*~0*0 I 000

phrase y$\ %ijj, ending a verse (S, M) of En-
Ndbighah, (M, TA,) i. c. Edh-Dhubyanee, (TA,)
or El- Jaadee, (S,) [variously cited in the S and M
and TA,] is an instance of inversion ; the meaning
being J^f ii£ [The Jl raising it] : (S, TA :)
or the meaning is, making the Jl conspicuous
more than it would otherwise be; the agent of
the verb being a prominent portion of a mountain,
which, being itself raised [in appearance] by the
Jl, has the effect of doing this. (M.) = See also
the next paragraph. = And see ^Ul, in art. .Jl.

ill i.q. iljl [i. e. An instrument; a tool; an
implement; a utensil: and instruments; tools;
implements; utensils; apparatus; equipments;
equipage ; accoutrements ; furniture ; gear ; tack-
ling ,] (S, M, YL) with which one works, for
himself or for another : it is both sing, and pi. :
(M, £ :) or, (K,) as some say, (M,) it is a pi.
having no sing. (M, £) as to the letter : (M :)
[but it is very often used as a sing. :] and the pi.
is O^T. (S, £.) In the saying of 'Alee, JJcLL,.'
CjJI ^JlL Ji ^ jjl i$r [lit He makes use of
the instrument of religion in seeking the goods of
the present world], f science, or knowledge, is

meant; because thereby only is religion. (M.)

[.4 musical instrument ;] a lute ; a musical reed,
or pij>e; the [kind of mandoline called] j<£h.
(TA.) __ The male organ of generation. (TA.)
— The bier of a corpse. (Abu-l-'Omeythil, S,
If, (0 Thus, accord, to some, in the following
verse, (S,* M,) of Kaab Ibn-Zuheyr:

it * . * w * r m * ,U 00* i J

Jy-~~» tWJL*. aji ^Ju u y _ •

[Every son of a female, though his health, or
M / e/ y» long continue, is one day borne upon a
gibbous bier: for the bjcr of the Arabs of the
desert was generally composed of two poles con-
nected by a net-work of cords upon which the
corpse lay depressed] : (S, M :) or, as some say,
[in a distressing state, or condition; for, they

say,] ajT hero signifies aJU.. (TA.) See also

Jl, in two places, near the middle of the para-
graph, amm A state, or condition ; i. q. ajU. [as
mentioned above]: (T,S, M, £ :) pi. [or rather
coll. gen. n.] * jT. (T, S.) You say, £* *% ^i
[lie is in an evil state or condition]. (§.) —
I.q.ij£[Straitness; difficulty; distress; Sec.].
(M,£.)

• -

a^l sometimes signifies The relations to whom
one goes [or is traced] back in genealogy. (Ibn-

'Abbad.) [See also jT.] You say also, a3jjJ

.?tM iJl I Pna de him to go back, or revert, to
his natural disposition : or, to his [original] state
or condition. (Ibn-'Abbad.)

{ ! . I A

j)jt, in the gen. and accus. ^^1 : see ^Jl, in

art. j)l.

yJ^K fern, of jy : sec the latter in art. Jlj. =

'. i i , • — * - ' t

^jl as a pi., and its var. ^jl ; and <£l£j«t, or

iC^I ; &c. : see f J\, in art. ,J\.

• «

Jl^l A certain idol of [the tribes of] Ttchr

and Teghlib, (K, TA,) the two sons of Wail.
(TA.)

jjjl dim. of J\, q. v. (Ks, T, M, K.)

JUI The vessel, or receptacle, of thickening,

or thick, milk : (M :) [or, accord, to the K, this

# til * ~

seems to be termed "JjI : sec JjI :] or, in which

wine (wil^l), or expressed juice, or what is pressed,
or squeezed, so that its juice is forced out, or the
like thereof, is made to thicken. (TA.) ass [Also
an inf. n. of 1, which sec throughout.]

aiUt Rule, or government : (S, Msb :) [accord,
to some, an inf. n. of Jl as a trans, verb : accord,
to others,] a simple subst. (Msb.)

JjI and its variations &c., see art. Jlj : some,
on account of difference of opinion from others
respecting its radical letters, have mentioned this
word in the present art. (TA.)

• -* • i * -
JjI : see J-jI : = and see also J-jI, last

sentence.

*si *t * -

JjI : seo JjI : = and see also JjI, in four

places ; and JU.

jjl and * j\,t (T, S, Mgh, Msb, K, the first
and third and fourth in art. JjI) and *JjI, (T,
£,) the last on the authority of IAar, (TA,) but
A 'Obeyd says that it is JjI , with kesr, (T,) and
this is the approved form, (TA,) The [animal
called] J*j : (K :) or the male J*j ; (ISh, T,
S, Mgh, Msb ;) i. e. the mountain-goat : (Msb :)
accord, to some, (S,) what is called in Persian

Oiy > (?> Mgh. ;) by which word Sh explains
the word JjI : ISh says, it is the animal that is
very wide between the horns, and bulky, like
the domestic bull : (T :) [see Jl*-^ I jk/ in art.
jkf :] and Lth says, it is called thus because it
resorts (Jj£j.) to the mountains : sometimes the
l£ is changed into ». : the fern, is of the same

*»- 9 0$

three forms with 5 : (TA :) and the pi. is JjUI

[like jiW pi. of J£]. (Lth, T, Mgh, Msb.) 1_

* i -
See also JJi, in two places.

JjI [act part n. of 1 in all its senses : and
thus, particularly,] Thickening, or thick ; (T, S,
M, TA ;) applied to the urine of camels that
have been contented with green pasture instead
of water, at the end of their being in that state ;
(T ;) or to milk, (S, M, TA,) and to oil, and
other tilings, such as tar, and honey, and wine,

or beverage : (TA :) pi. * JjI : (S, M :) which

last word [in one copy of the M written JjI,

but this I think a mistranscription,] signifies also

the remains of thickening, or thick, milk ; or,

as some say, the [seminal] water in the womb:

*ii
(M:) or this same word (JjI) has the last of

these significations ; and also, [as a sing, epithet,]

[Book I.

the first of the meanings explained in this para*
graph ; as also JjI, applied to milk ; (KL ;) or to
milk thickening, or thick, and mixed; riot exces-
sively thick, but in a sometvhat good degree, and
changed in Us flavour : (AHat, TA :) or it [app.

JjI, as in the TK,] signifies the vessel, or recep-
tacle, thereof; (K ;) [a meaning assigned in the
M to JU;] in which milk thickens: (TA :)
Sh says that * JjI signifies the milk of the JJbl
[pi. of JjI] ; and so says AA : but AHeyth says
that this is absurd ; and that the right word is

• Ml-., ,

t JjI, having the signification first explained in
this paragraph, i. c. thickening, or thick, milk :
En-Nadr says that *JjI signifies thick wine of
she-goats of the mountain ; which, when drunk
by a woman, excites her venereal faculty : (T :)
or this last word is used to signify milk of an
JjI, which is said to strengthen in the venereal

faculty, and to fatten, as Ibn-Habccb asserts ;

. * at
and "JjI, which he affirms to be wrong, is a dial.

var. thereof; and it may also be a quasi-pl. n.
thereof: (M :) as a pi. [of JjT], applied to milk,

"JjI is extr. in two respects ; as a pi., of this
form, of an epithet not applied to an animal ; and

as being regularly jjl. (IJ, M.) ass JU jfy *j\
and JU ▼JjI Verily he is a good manager, or
tender, of cattle, or camels, or the like. (M, TA.)

•. l» . , t- -

JjjU used as a simple subst in the sense of iJlc

&,c. : sec 2, last sentence.

*"* '"

JU inf. n. of Jl, in two senses pointed out

above. (M,K,TA.) — [Hence, I ji» ^1 ljU His,
or its, return, or course, or transition, is to such
a state or condition.] = Also, [as a noun of place
&c.,] t. q. £*vr* [as signifying A place, and
a state, or condition, to which a person, or thing,
returns; and, to which he, or it, ultimately, or
eventually, comes]. (TA, [where this is given as
a signification not mentioned in the K ; so that
£=-j-» is not here used as an inf. n. : it is, more-
over, a signification well known.]) See also 2,

last sentence A refuge: applied in this sense

to God. (Har p. 3G1.)

• t/0 #'0J B > 4 '• J 0t

jtrrM- JtJU <uyU Jljyo yk He is ruler, or
governor, of his people ; a possessor of dictator-
ship over them, or of authority over them to
judge or give judgment or puss sentence or decide
judicially. (A, TA.)

J_)U« IJkA [app. This is a good discovery

made from outward signs]. (TA, where it im-

. • - - it .

mediately follows ^$aJI <u» JjU with its explana-
tions given above.)

J«li»: sec its verb [Sometimes it signifies]

Veracious : opposed to J L 8JU. (Har p. 250.)

yjl, in the gen. and accus. .JjI r see yt in
art. yi.

# I jii .

,j)^t fcm. of JjI : see the latter in art Jlj. =

Book I.]

- i , -.1 , ij

.Jjl as a pi., and its var. ;"^UI ; and JXUy, or

iVJ^I ; &c. : see ,JI, in art. .J1.

i.« iff

jtjfl for >ll : see art. >l.

* ■* » >* * *t

1. ^1, aor. ^jj, ""• n- Ctt'j -^ c """i or
became, at rest, or o< e<we; Ac rested in a journey.

(IAar, T.)_ «i»il, aor. and inf. n. as above, /
enjoyed a life of ease and plenty ; a state of
freedom from trouble or inconvenience, and toil
or fatigue ; a state of ease, repose, or tranquil-
lity. (AZ, T, S, M, £.) __ J was, or became,
grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm. (S, K.)_
I was, or became, gentle ; or / acted gently :
(T, S, M, Msb, K :) and I acted, or proceeded,
with moderation, without haste or hurry, in pace
or journeying : (M :) I went gently, softly, or
in a leisurely manner : (S, J£ :) ^\ [tlio inf. n.]
is formed by substitution [of I for »] from &}*.
(S.) You say, ;J^Jly cJt, and ;^£jl J£, I
was gentle, or I acted gently, with the thing;

(M;) andjl^t ^J> in the affair. (Msb.) And
» •» » » ' • 1
4 L a,' .J* jjl ^lrt <Aoa gently tvith thyself, or

&e /Aew gentle, in pace or journeying: and proceed
thou with moderation, without haste or hurry:
(T, S:) said in the latter sense to one who lias
Income unsteady, or irresolute. (T.) [In like
manner,] you say, J,jk» ,-i* * 0)\, meaning
J^a-i ^yU j£Jt [a|>p. /ie< </((ii/ w>i<A moderation,
gentleness, deliberation, or ?'» a leisurely manner,
according to thine ability, or to the measure of
thine ability ; for jji and $»-> are both syn.
with *j\ji*]. (T, ¥..) And ^%L jji * \y$\
Proceed ye with moderation in your course or
j»ace or journeying. (ISk, T.) And ._-» ▼ ,j«u
^•"^1 ITe paused, or aim patient, in the affair.
(M.)sm^I also signifies The being weary, or
fatigued ; like ,xl. (M.) [Whether, in this
sense, it have a verb, is doubtful: see its syn.
here mentioned.] _ Also The putting oneself to
trouble, or inconvenience, for the sake ofwliat one
may exptml upon himself and his family. (M.)
And hence, accord, to one [whose name is im-
perfectly written in the TA], the word ♦ %>&*,
[as being originally ii 3 U,] of the measure iX*Ju> :
but others say that it is of the measure &y6,
from cJU. (TA.)=B*iU«l JjTandiUU [and
JXij\] signify the same. (M.) [Sec art. ^1.]

2 : sec 1, in two places.

5 : see 1.

ij*}\ and its vars. : see art. ^1. [Accord, to
some, it belongs to the present art., in which it
is mentioned in the Msb.]

• »■

j^jl : see 1 [of which it is the inf. n.] : and

sec also what next follows.

itf (T,S,M,Msb,£) and t^i, ( T> M,

Msb, K,) the latter mentioned by Ks on the

authority of Aboo-Jami',* but the former is the

usual mode of pronouncing it, (T,) and t J,ji,

Bk. I.

(M,) A time; a season: pi. iijl ; (T, S, M,

• #• '
Msb, K ;) but Sb says oU^t ; (M ; [so in a

• # m

copy of that work ; app. objl, as though pi.
of ii«l ;]) and <L»1 is syn. with JUjjI. (A A, T,
(.) You say, jjJI ^tjt «U» [Z7*c time, or season,
of cold came]. (T.) And ji^l iUj *IJJ J,^i

**/i (§, £,*) and 1L.T, (K, [in the C£ IllT,])
(SwcA a one does that thing sometimes, leaving

§+ sm j t • -I

it undone sometimes. (§, K.*) And HM <u,ol
li±\ jjl( I came to him times after times. (AA,
T.) And i>y signifies Time «/ifer (tme. (TA,
from a trad.) In the saying (of Aboo-Zubeyd, L),

oiy ^^

\yji*

(M,) or^jt^t, (L,) [They sought our reconcilia-
tion with them, but it was not the time that
reconciliation should be sought], accord, to Abu-1-
'Abbas, the tenween of the last word is not a sign
of the genitive case, but is, as in the instance
of 3 J , because of the suppression of a proposition
to which the word should be prefixed, as when
you say, jl>j >»V5 ^1^1 C«5 » J came at </ic time
<Aa< Zeyd stood. (M, L.) _ [Hence, Jiil«l ,4<
t/<a< time or season; then; like JJU^fc.]

jjl^t : sec ^l^t : = and see also o'>?'-

^1 [part. n. of 1 :] A man enjoying a life of

case and plenty ; a state of freedom from trouble

or inconvenience, and toil or fatigue ; a state

of case, repose, or tranquillity. (AZ, T, S, K.)

«__ [Hence the saying,] ^i. x jj, j^L ^f %t%
. ., ' ' ' c '

^jo\ = *.. .j ? . * *. [An easy, or a gentle, journey in which

the camels arc watered oidy on the Jirst and
fourth days is better than a laborious, or quick,
journey in which they are watered only on tlie
Jirst and third days]. (TA.) [The fern, is <U5l :
the pi. of which is i>5ty and OUSt.] You say,

L>*b' J** 1 <W *** 0*0 ^**trf Between us and
Mehheh are three nights of easy, or gentle, jour-
neying : (S, K :*) and oUil JU ^ic ten nights
of easy journeying. (S,M,I£.5

jiyi\ and t£,ijt (T,S,M,Msb,K) [each] a
foreign word, [i. e. Persian,] (M,) A cliamber,
or an apartment, (T, Msb,) or a large Hue [i. e.
porch, or roofed vestibule, or rAe ZtTre], (S, K,)
similar to an f-j\ [or oblong arched or vaulted
structure, or a portico], (T, S, M, ]£,) or 6«tZ* t'n
fAe ybrm o/ an 9-j\, (Msb,) not closed in the
front, or face: (T, M, Msb:*) [and a palace;
often used in this sense in Arabic as well as in
Persian : and in the present day, the former, and
more commonly ( j'ie'> wliich is Persian, is also
applied to an estrade ; a slightly-raised portion
of the floor, generally extending nearly from the

door to the end, or to each end, of a room:] pi.

» ft
of the former, ,jj jt^l, (T, S, ]£,) because the sing.

is originally oljj'i (?>) ^ Olil^l ; and pi. of
the latter, £JL (T,S,K.) Hence, (j£l£> o'ii'
[7%e yreai porch, or rAe palace, of Kisrd, or
Chosroes, who is called ol>i*^' *r" fc '-»]- (T, §,
Msb.) ■■ Also the latter, [and app., accord, to

129

die Msb, the former also,] Any prop, or support,
of a thing : (T, Ms b :) particularly, a pole of a

[tent of the kind called] .La.. (T.) The jl^J

of thc>UJ [is The headstall of the bridle; and]
has for its pi. OUI^.1. (T, £.)

*j}£* : see 1, and see art. ^U.

«j<

1 and 2 : sec 5.

5. £bj (§, Mgh, Msb, K;) and *#jl, (S, Mgh,
5,) inf. n. *ijU; (S, Ij^;) and ♦ •?, inf. n. »lf;
(K ;) 7/e *ai</ »l or tj\ &c. [i. e. Ah ! or «/«* /] ;
(S, Mgh, ^ ;) Ac moaned; or uttered a moan, or
moaning, or prolonged voice of complaint; (8,
TA;) uq.'^f.'^. (Msb.)

•I, (Az,S,Msb,K, &c.,) as also «l, (IAmb, £,)
and UT, and *a*T, (T A,) and t«y, (S, Msb, 1^,) and
tijj, (ISd,K,) and t #5, (£,) and t^l, (S,) or
t«j{, (?:,) andtJjl, (Hr, Mgh, Msb,'?,) so in
some copies of the S, but in a copy in the author's
handwriting 1 j\, there said to be with medd,
and with teshdeed and fct-h to the j, and with
tlie a quiescent, (TA,) [or,] accord, to Aboo-
Talib, *jt, with medd, thus pronounced by the
vulgar, is wrong, (T in art. _j1,) and t »|jl, and

a ^'> ['" hoth of which, and in some other forms
which follow, it is doubtful whether the » be
quiescent or movent, and if movent, with what
vowel,] (TA,) and t '»£, (£, TA,) or * ijjl, but
said by ISd to be with medd, and mentioned by
Alli'it as heard from the Arabs, (TA,) and *»0j1,
(Kl, TA,) or titfji, (C$,) or * »l3Jl, and * »l5jl,
(S, [in one copy of which tlie » is marked as
quiescent,]) and t \£\, (?, TA,) with medd,
(TA) or »#jf, (CK,) and J, (8, Msb, ?,)
and jl, and jT, (K, TA,) and Ulj, and «U or «U,
(TA,) [^1A/ or alas!] a word imitative of the
voice, cry, or exclamation, of tlie aaU* ; (Az and
TA in explanation of t\ j) [i. e.] a word expressive
of pain, grief, sorrow, lamentation, complaint, or
moaning ; (8, Mgh, Msb, ]£, TA ;) denoting the
prolongation of the voice with complaint: (8,
TA, after »jl or ••!:) sometimes, also, a man
says »t from a motive of affection, or pity, or
compassion, and of impatience : (Az, TA :) [and
it is also said that] Ul is a word expressive of
grief or lamentation, or of most intense grief
or lamentation or regret ; [that] it is put in
the accus. case as being used in the manner
of inf. ns. ; and [that] the hemzch is originally
_j: but IAtli says, Ul is a word expressive of
pain, grief, sorrow, lamentation, complaint, or
moaning, used in relation to evil, like as Ut)
is used in relation to good : (TA in art. »l :)

and ««l and «l and jt are cries uttered to horses,

- *

to make them return. (ISh and TA in art. ^jl.
See 2 in that art. in the present work.) You say,
tjki* v >» ol [AA, or alas, on account of, or for,
such a thing !] ; (S, Msb ;) and in liko manner,
«jl [&c], followed by ,>*, and by yj, (S, TA,)
and by ^ic. (TA.) [See also ^1 in art jU]

17

130

*"* '**'

2*1 a subst. from »jU ; occurring in the saying

of El-Muthakkib El-'Abdee,

[When I arise to saddle her, by night t she moan*
with the moaning of the sorrowful man] : (S,
ISd :) ISd stiys that, in his opinion, the subst. is

here put in the place of the inf. n., i. e. ajU: (TA :)

but some recite the verse differently, saying, <U1,

from »t meaning *-»■>> : (S :) and some say,

.. . jd" *»

**l* »yyj. (TA.) And hence the saying, in im-

** * >—
precating evil on a man, Jii <UI [Mav God cause

.. fit
moaning to thee!], and Jl) ijl, with the » sup-
pressed, and with teshdeed to the y (S.) [See

•a* , ->

also !jl in art. _j1.] And see »l above, an [Also]

Measles : thus in the phrase, used in imprecating
evil on a man, 2*Uj 2*1 [May God cause] measles
and small-pox [to befall thee] ! (K,* TA,) men-
tioned by Lh on the authority of Aboo-Khalid.
(TA.)

» 3 \ and «}l and »jl and »jl &c. : see »l.

• i*

«ljl A man o/iffn saying Ah! or «/</* / or o/>™

moaning: (Mgh :) or one who says Ah ! or alas!
from a motive of affection, or pity, or compassion,
and _/««• : or mourning, or sorrowing, much, or
o/Vcn ; (T A :) or compassionate ; tender-hearted :
or o/i«» praying, or frequent in prayer: (K,*
TA :) or one wAo celebrates the praiies of God,
or praises Him greatly, or glorifies Him : or «.7to
praises much, or o/to» ; or wlio abases himself, or
addresses himself with earnest supplication, [to
God], confident of his prayer's being answered:
(TA :) or one having certain knowledge (K, TA)
of his prayer's being answered : (TA:) or inviting
much, or o/tot, to what is good: (TA :) or skilled
in the law : or a believer; so in the Abyssinian
language: (K :) occurring in the Kur [ix. 115
and xi. 77]. (TA.) = See also J.
i it • >- it

»\jj\, or »Ujt, or »Ujl, and aDjI : y see »l.

ii ( ■«■•

♦b.jl, or #U^I :

»}U« [Saying Ah! kc.: (see the verb:) and]
abasing himself; or addressing himself with ear-
nest supplication [to God]. (TA.) [See also

:#.]

1- 4» \S& (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and i£f,
(M, Msb, K,) aor. ^C, (T, S, Mfb,) imperative
^1, (T,) inf. n. y, (T,S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,)
with damm, (K.,) of the measure Jyb, [originally
Jfci'>] (?,) ^d i,« , (Fr, M, K,) with kesr, (£,)
and % (8;) and *«M »,j#, (M,K,) inf. n.
%Jb J (K;) and t^U; (M,K;) and t^lf,
(thus [more commonly ^Jy-j\] accord, to a copy
of the M,) or t^yf, (K,) like jjjf, (TR,) and
*C&*<)» ( M » &») both of the measure J*3I;
(TA ;) and *^l is used by some in the same
sense, but rejected, in this sense, by several;

•*'— US'

(Msb ;) the pronoun relating to a place of abode ;
(T, S, M, Msb, K. ;) He betook himself to it, or
repaired to it, for lodging, covert, or refuge;
(Mgh ;) and [simply] he got him or got himself,
betook himself, repaired, or resorted, to it ; (T,
Mgh;) he returned to it; (M;) he took up his
abode in it ; he lodged, or abode, or dwelt, in it.
(Msb, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xi. 45], ,J\ ^L
jU" i>* L5***"< J"^ [I will betake myself for
refuge to a mountain that shall preserve me from
the water]. (S.) \^?)\ properly relates to living
beings ; but is used otherwise, metaphorically.
(M.) In the saying of Lcbeed,

* f 4) # a* # * in

i /» j *

t *

[TFVtA a morning-potation of clear wine (j+i-
being understood), ««</ a female siugei-'s straining
of her chords, Kith a stringed instrument to which
her thumb returns after the straining], he means

*l (^>>15, of the measure JjCju, from aJI C^l

..«• 19 1 * * I

signifying O j^c ; the j being changed into I
[written^], and the^j, which is the final radical,
being elided. (M. [But see another reading nc:ir
the end of the first paragraph of art. Jjjl.]) itfjl,
aor. as above, inf. n. jjp^l, also signifies He turned
away: and hence, [itissaid^o^l^jllieiAJt^lil
[When the young men turned uway to the cave :
though the verb may be here well rendered betook
themselves fur refuge], (Ha r p. 240.) You say

also, O^M|Jl <m, (A'01>eyd,T,) or i', (as
afterwards written in a copy of the T,) [I betook
myself to such a one, or repaired to him, for
lodging, covert, or refuge ; or] I joined myself
got myself, betook myself, rcjmired, or resorted,
to such a one: and accord, to AHeyth, C«jj1

U^li signifies the same ; but he did not know
i ♦'» i i —

Oojl to be syn. with wo^l as explained below.

(T.) And oil ,^1 |j^l He returned unto God.
(TA, from a trad.)__^l said of a wound : sec
5. = See also 4, in seven places, ass <0 itfjl, (T,
S, M, Mgh, K,) like ^jj, (K, TA,) but it would
have been more explicit if the author of the K
had said like j*j, (TA,) [as is shown by the false
reading in the CK, \>£}j£=> *l t^j] aor. j_^b,
(T, S, Mgh,) inf. n. t, jl (S, K) and ijj , (S, Mgh,
K,) with kesr, (TA,) [originally AjjI,] the ^
being changed into ^j because of the kesreh
before it, (S,) or because combined with ^ and
preceded by sukoon [a mistake for " kesreh "J,
(IB as cited in the TA,) [in a copy of the T
written Jul, and in a copy of the M and in the CK
ii\,] and is jU, (S, M, K>) witliout teshdeed, (S,

TA,) [in my copy of the Mgh written with tcsh-

• -t-
deed,] and »I^U, (S, M, ~K.,) He compassionated

him ; felt compassion, or jnty, for him ; (T, S,

M,Mgh,K;) as also t ^y^l, (T,K,) of the

measure 1p )jUjI. (TA.) In using the imperative

I*
form, you say, a) jt, [unless this be a mistran-

scription for *i ^A,] meaning Be thou compas-
sionate to him. (T, TA.)

2 : see 1, first sentence : as and see 4. as w*j jl

[Book t.

J^UW (ISh, T) [/ drew together the horses: this
meaning seems to be indicated in the T, by die
context: or] J called out to the horses *j1, in
order that they should return at kearing my
voice : (ISh :) and in like manner one says to
them *yi or jf; (ISh, T, TA ;) a well-known
call of the Arabs to horses ; and sometimes ^1,
with a long meddch, is said to them from afur.
(T,TA.) [See also 5.]

4. il^T, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. :£,! ;
(T,S,Mgh;) and ♦«£t; (K ;) and t^|j (T,
S, M, Mgh, Msb, K ;) the first of which is the
[most] approved ; (T ;) the last used by some ;
(T, Msb ;) both given on the authority of AZ,
(S,) and of A 'Obcyd, accord, to whom you say,

*JI cJjl, with the short I only; (T, M ;) He, or
it, gave him, or afforded him, lodging, covert, or
refuge ; harboured him ; sheltered him ; protected
him ; (Mgh ;) he lodged him, or lodged him with
himself; made him his guest ; or gave hint refuge
or asylum, absolutely, or with himself; syn. eiji\;
(K ;) or «u Jjpt. (T, S, TA.) You say also,

A ' 'i 5 'S i i ,t IH'*

t«s" «J^"-^ "»i«o1 nn d a^jI [I took the man to
me to lodge, to be my guest, or to give him. refuge
or asylum], (M.) And \JJui »ljl [A roof shel-
tered him], (Mgh.) And jj/^l ^w-ijl and 1^)1
[I lodged the camels in their nightly resting-place] ;
both meaning the same. (T.) And it is said in a
trail., UtjlJ UUiW ^JJI 4& J^*JI i. c. [Praise be
to God who hath sufficed us and] hath brought
us to a place of abode for us, and not made us to
be scattered like the beasts. (TA.) AHcytfj dis-
allowed "Cojl as syn. with C«^l ; but it is correct.
(T.) It is said in a form of divorce, t ,-J«b •)
C-,u i)UI j [A house, or tent, shall not lodge, or
comprise, me with thee]. (Mgh.) And among
other instances, is the saying of the Prophet, (T,)

JLi ^1 ilUJI * ^jjU •§ [No one will harbour the
stray beast but a person straying from the right-
course of conduct]. (T, Mgh.) And his saying,

C^ijLi\ t *i t jW ^^ j^ u* j^ai *) i. c. [There
shall be no cutting off of the hand in the case of
stcalingy/w7] unless the place where the fruit is
dried contain it [at the time of the stealing thereof].

(TA.) Hence, ^Lli\ *,-£*. <T^I T/ie throwing

of dust, or earth, upon the wood of which cltarcoal
is made, and covering it therewith. (Mgh.) sea
Sec also 1, first sentence.

• "f *fe

5 : sec 1, first sentence. _ jJai\ O^C The

birds collected, or flocked, together ; (Lth, T, S,
M, K |ls a' 80 * CfjfS : (K :) the latter is allow-
able. (T.) And in like manner one says of other

it* at*
things. (M.) [Thus,] one says, J^iJI OjU The

horse* drew, or gathered, themselves together :

j a *»
and ^Ul (_£}I3 The men did so. (T.) You say

* T tt *■

also, of a wound, » (^jU, and v^ jfr l, meaning
It dreio together, for healing ; and so \JijV, and

0%

\Jft\: so in the Nawddir el-Aardb. (T.)stsOne
may also say, (.£)&, witliout saying it with o,

lit'* it

[i. e. »jUj,] meaning He says »jt. (Fr and T in
art. jl.) [See also 2 ; and see art. yl.]
6 : see 5, in two places.

Book I.]

8. L$)i\\, or ijy£\, or i*|M, and \J^, and

,^313 for i£«3ti : see 1, first part of the paragraph,
in four places, mm See also the last sentence but
one of the same paragraph.

10. «w^U-l I ashed him, or desired him, to
compassionate me, or have mercy on me; syn.
Cmm^mA. (T.) A poet (namely, Dhu-r-Rum-
meh, TA) says,

y^iu^jU-i^iy,

[And if I had ashed him, or desired him, to com-
passionate me, he mould not have compassionated
me]. (T,S.)

i<jl dim. of II : sec the letter I.

«l or «l : see 2.=^l [the part. n. of 1] lias for
a*i *

its pi. yj}\ [like one of the inf. ns. of 1]. (T,S.)

The latter is applied to birds, signifying Collect-
ing, or flocking, together; (T, S, M,* K. ;*) syn.
t ajjl£i (Lth, T) and i.CJu'. (Lth, T, S, M, K.)

^jl ^1, a determinate noun, (S, M,) [The

jackal; vulgarly called in the present day (Jfetj ;]

« certain small beast, (M, K,) called in Persian

JUl, (S,) or in that language [or in T'urhixlt]

JU»- : (TA :) it has been said to be the offspring

of the wolf; but is well known to be not of the

wolf-kind : (Msb:) j^jl is inseparable from frfli

(M :) it is imperfectly dccl., (T, S, Msb,) being

of the measure J*»l, (S,) or regarded ns such ;

(Lth, T ;) or because it hiis the quality of a proper

immc and the measure of u verb : (Msb :) the

pi. is i<£T OUi, (T, S, Msb, I£,) though applying

to males [us well us females], like %-^frt oU and

O^ioW. (AIIeyth,T.)

i ~j 2 *t ■««

^ISiiul j_53jl, said to l>c rel. ns. of if I ; which

see, in, art. ^1.

•bl, said by some to be originally i jl : sec
art. ^1.

^U (S, M, Msb.R) and *.U and tiljU (M,
K [but respecting these two forms sec what fol-
lows]) nouns of place from the first of the verbs
in this art. ; (M, K ;) [A place to rchich one
betakes himself, or repairs, for lodging, covert,
or refuge; a refuge; an asylum; a place of
resort ; (sec 1 ;)] any place to which a thing

betahes itself, &c, (a^JI \£yi,) by night or. by
day ; (S ;) the lodging-place, or abode, of any
animal; the nightly resting-place of sheep or
goats ; (Msb ;) and of camels : (Idem in art.

ril ^J** * 8 U8e< l peculiarly in relation to
camels : (S :) J«/j)l \£>p* being a dial. var. of
J/j)l v^jU, but anomalous, (Fr, T, S, Msb,) and
the only instance of the kind except ^1«3I ,jd :
(Fr,T. M : [but see art. JU :]) J&U and jji
and JIU are the forms preferred : (Fr, T :) [Az
also says,] I have heard the chaste in speech of

the Benoo-Kilab use, for JyNI i£jU, the word

* «£u. (T.) ^Ul &*., in the £ur [liii. 15],
is said to mean The paradise to which repair the
souls of the martyrs, (M, Bd, Jel, TA,) or the

pious, (Bd, Jel,) or the angels : (Jel :) or that
in which the night is passed. (TA.)

• A. {

see \£$+, >n four places.

<b_)U : see art. «y>.
see •!.

!-->-)

Ub

L5>

2. il £i, [inf. n., by rule, as below,] 2fe j>u£,

or set, a sign, token, or mark, by which a person

st
or thing might be known. (M.) = Jj^)0 bl,

4' t'

(inf. n. ioU, Lth, T,) JTe <7«7i /Ac camels, saying

to them. bbl, (Lth, T, M, and ]£ in art. bt,) or
IM (M,) or ft, (£,) or Lb. (M, K.)

5. tO, as a trans, verb : sec 6. ass He paused,
stopped, stayed, remained, or tarried, (T, S,
M >K>*) O^V> '» 'he place; (M, £;* [in tho
latter explained by aJU J^JJ ; but this seems to
be a mistake, arising from the omission of part
of a passage in the M, (one of the chief sources of

* J#M # |f# , .A# u At*

the K,) running thus ; .i-CoJj si-Ii ^l£»Jb bU
5^p ^ wij-oJl aJU. bty ;]) and confined, re-
stricted, limited, restrained, or withheld, himself.
(T.) In the sense of its inf. n., [by rule ^0,

originally . -jU,] they said * iU, or iU or i - t J ;
[thus differently written in different places in
copies of the T and S ;] as in the ex. jfiy* v4

ajtl^lj^ or iA5, (IAar, T,) or \jljjijlt J4>'

iU J>^ or SjU, (S,) i. c. Your abode, or this
t/oi/r abode, is not an abode of tarriance and
confinement. (IAar, T, S.)_ He expected, or
waited for, a thing : (Lth, T :) and he acted with
moderation, gently, deliberately, or leisurely ;
without haste; or with gravity, staidness, sedate-

ness, or calmness ; (Lth, T, J£ ;) j+y ^i in the
affair; inf. n. ^£\J. (Lth, T.) euit Cwti, in

a verse of Lebced, means I acted with modera-
tion, tec, as above, and paused, stopped, stayed,
remained, or tarried, upon him, i. c, upon my
horse : (T :) or i" remained firm upon him :
(TA, as on the authority of Az :) but it is ex-
plained by Lth as meaning / turned away, or
back, deliberately, or leisurely, upon him. (T :
and the like is said in the M.)

6. £?6, (T,S,M,*£,) and t^, ( S , $,)
J directed my course, or aim, to, or towards,
(T, S, M,* ^,) his iuT, (S, M,) i. c., (M,) Am
^>ui~if [or iody, or corporeal form or figure or
substance, seen from a distance ; or jwrjon]. (T,
M,K.) The following is an ex., as some relate
it, of the former verb ; and as others relate it, of
the latter :

• ~- ' m *

*^U ^ ^1 o— -»»

[Modest behaviour were more proper, if thou
directedst thy course towards his person, than
thy throwing dust upon the rider] : (S, TA : [in
two copies of the former of which, for ,J}I, I
find jjol :]) said by a woman to her daughter,

131

on the latter' s relating, in a couplet, that a rider,
passing along, had seen her, and she had thrown
dust in his face, purposely. (IB.)

j_$l a vocative particle, (S, M, Mughnee, 1£ ,)
addressed to the near, (S, K,) not to the distant :
(S :) or to the near, or the distant^ or the inter-
mediate ; accord, to different authorities. (Mugh-
nee.) You say, J-51 j^j ^1 [ O Zeyd, advance :
or, if it may be used in addressing one who is
distant, ho there, soho, or holla : and if used in
addressing one who is between near and distant,
ho, or what Jio] : (S :) and ^,>j jjfl [0 my Lord] ;
occurring in a trad. : and sometimes it is pro-
nounced "><t. (Mughnee.) = Also an explicative
particle. (S, M, Mughnee, K.) You say, l«k£> ^1
in the sense of IJ^£» ju *j [He means such a thing,
or IJhfb |V)u, which has the same signification ;

or jujl, or yj*S, I mean; or the like; for all of
which, we may say, meaning ; or that is] ; (S ;)

as in ^-*3 ^c\ jm> * ^Jj^c- [I have j,». ...c, that

is, (I have) w-J»3, or gold]. (Mughnee.) What
follows it is an adjunct explicative of what pre-
cedes it, or a substitute. (Mughnee.) AA says
that he asked Mbr respecting what follows it, and
he answered that it may be a substitute for what
precedes, and may be a word independent of
what precedes it, and may be a noun in the accus.
case: and that he asked Th, and he answered
that it may be an explicative, or a word inde-
pendent of what precedes it, or a noun governed
in the accus. case by a verb suppressed : you say,

ll« if', if pv

jyj j^l J)yi.\ i_yJ»U- [Thy brother came to me;

that is, Zeyd] ; and you may say, I .xjj ^£l [I

<•> » i • « i » it-
mean Zeyd] : and ljuj ^1 JU.1 c~)lj [I saw thy

brother ; J mean, or that is, Zeyd] ; and you
may say, jyj ^1 [that is, Zeyd] : and Ojj*
juj ^t jLi-b [I passed by thy brother; that is,
by Zeyd] ; and you may say, 1 jjj ^1 [/ mean,
Zeyd]; and jJj ^1 [that is, Zeyd]. (T,TA.)
When it occurs after Jyu, in a case like the fol-
lowing, [i. c., when a verb following it explains a

verb preceding it,] one says, >£-'.»* 31 *;»,Tv:.<l JuJ
i- ,» nit, • t ' '

ajU^= aJU ^1 [Thou sayest, «£~> j-JI rC^UI./l,

meaning ajLoJ£» <OU 7 <u/t«<i <.'/" Atm /A< con-
cealment of it, namely, the discourse, or story ;
and so when Jyu is understood, as is often, or
generally, the case in lexicons] ; with damm to
the <Z> : but if you put lil in the place of ^1, you

*'0l* * *

say, <CJU 131 , with fet-b, because lil is an adverbial
noun relating to J>»J. (Mughnee.) s= See also
\j}\, near the beginning of the paragraph, in three
places.

l^l is a particle denoting a reply, meaning ^aj
[Yes, or yea] ; importing acknowledgment of the
truth of an enunciation ; and the making a thing
known, to him who asks information ; and a pro-
mise, to him who seeks or demands ; therefore it
occurs after such sayings as "Zeyd stood" and
" Did Zeyd stand?" and « Beat thou Zeyd," and
the like; as does^«J: Ibn-El-Hajib asserts that
it occurs only after an interrogation; as in the

132

i.t

Buying [in the Kur x. 54], JJ u. J>L\ ltiy,:;.'>3

<st + * * *

\jtii \S\ [And they will ask thee to inform them,
laying, Is it true? Say, Yea, by my Lord!]:
but accord, to all, it docs not occur otherwise than
before an oath : and when one says, «l>lj j_$t
[Yea, by God!], and then drops the j, the ^g
may be quiescent, and with fet-h, and elided ; [so
that you say, 4Vl ^1, and 4/1 ^t, and sSl\ I ;] in
the first of which cases, two quiescent letters
occur together, irregularly. (Mughncc.) Ltlisays,
\j\ is an oath, as in yjtj} \j;\, meaning, says

9m* ******

Zj, ^j>)s j&i : I Aar is also related to have said
the like ; and this is the correct explanation. (T.)
[J says,] It is a word preceding an oath, meaning

yj^t [q. v.]; as in Jy; ^\ and «% Jjl. (S.)

9 **

[ISd and F say,] It is syn. with ^*j, and is con-
joined with an oath : and one says also /jt.
(M,K.)

^1 is a noun, used in five different manners.
(Mughnee.) One of its meanings is that of an
interrogative, (T, S, M, Mughnee, K,) relating to
intellectual beings and to non-intellectual things ;
[meaning Who ? which t and what ?] (S, M, K ;)
and as such, it is a decl. noun : (S :) it is said in
the \\Z to be a particle ; (MF ;) and so in the M ;
(TA ;) but this is wrong: (MF:) and it is added
in the K that it is indecl. ; (MF;) and it is said
to be so in the M, accord, to Sb, in an instance
to bo explained below ; (TA ;) but this is only
when it is a conjunct noun [like ^ JJ) ], or denotes
the object of a vocative: (MF:) or, accord, to
some, it is decl. as a conjunct noun also. (Mugh-
ncc.) Yon say, SiyLS j,*J\ [Who, or which, of
tliem, is thy brother?]. (S.) Another ex. is the
saying [in the Kur vii. 184, and last verse of

, * * m* 1*9* * m t *

lxxvu.J, Oyyi ***** w-jjt^ i£W* [And in what
announcement, after it, will they believe?]. (Mugh-
nee.) Sometimes it is without teshdeed ; as in the
saying (of El-Farezdak, M),

• J *•* 9 !**%»» 9* * i **

• *j±*y» siJ£-« ^-e«)1 »>• yj* •

[ / looked for rain, or aid from the clouds, and

the two Simdks (stars so called). Of which of

them two did the rains pour vehemently upon me

from the clouds?] : (M, Mughnee, K :* [in the

last of which, only the former hemistich is given,

with lj— < (meaning the star or asterism so called)

instead of Ij-ai :]) so by poetic licence : (M :)

IJ says that for this reason the poet has elided

the second i£, but should have restored the first

^g to j, because it is originally y (TA. [But

this assertion, respecting the first ^g, I regard as

improbable.]) * ^j\, also, is a contraction of

* it » * it . , **

U 15I, meaning ; ( ^> ^g\ : so in the saying, ^j\

Cfi* b >* [What thing is it, O such a one?] :

*nd dfijsV [What tking sayest tkou?]. (TA

in art. jtt).} In like manner, also, ♦ u i-»l is used

• * it
as a contraction of »^£ (k j\. (Ks, TA in art.

>/*--) A poet speaks of his companions as being

Cii'j ^W ; making ^t the name of the quarter

(iy»t-) ; so that, being determinate and of the

feminine gender, it is imperfectly declinable. (M.

[See v>i'; under which head two other readings
ore given ; and where it is said that the verse in
which this occurs is by Homeyd Ibn-Thowr.])
l^t is never without a noun or pronoun to which
it is prefixed, except in a vocative expression and
when it is made to conform with a word to which
it refers, as in cases to be exemplified hereafter.
(Mughnee.) Being so prefixed, it is determinate ;
but sometimes, [as in the latter of the cases just
mentioned,] it is not so prefixed, yet has the
meaning of a prefixed noun. (S.) When, used as
an interrogative, it is not governed, as to the
letter, though it is as to the meaning, by the verb
that precedes it, but by what follows it ; as in the

. *'• ** t * ***

saying in the Kur [xviii. 11], ,^>aJt ^I^^JjuJ

ic-a*-' [That we might know which of the two
parties was able to compute]; and in the same

** '* J it t ' r # i*3 I* 9 * * '

[xxvi. last verse], y j fa ^1 lyJU* ^y, JJ I j*l* f *5
•Jy.li.-i [And they who Jtave acted wrongly shall
know with what a translating they shall be trans-
lated] : (Ft* Th, Mbr, T, S :•) when it is go-
verned by the verb before it, it has not the inter-
rogative meaning, as will be shown hereafter.
(Fr, T.) In the saying of the poet,

» 9t* t £ » # J * J *

• P 1 *^, "r^* 3 UfjlH ijh *

[Jfaneefeh (the tribe so named) shout to us when

they see us. And to what place of the earth, or

* t
land, will they go for the shouting?], ^1 is in the

accus. case because the prep. ^Jt is suppressed

before it. (S.) When they separate it [from what

follows it, not prefixing it to another noun], the

it it

Arabs say ^1, and in the dual \J\j\, and in the

* it *it

pi. ^yi\ ; and they make it fern., saying ajI, and

.u * si

[in the dual] o^'> aiu ^ ['" tnc I''-] °^' : ,Mlt
when they prefix it to a noun, properly 60 called,
not a pronoun, they make it sing, and masc.,

saying C^f-j-^ »J?' [ Who, or which, of the two

m-U* i t

men?], and o* 3 !/*^ l5' [Who, or which, of the

^ ..it

two women ?], and JWJI ^t [ Who, or which, of

*>** i't
the men?], and »l—dl ^1 [Wlio, or which, of the

women ?] : and when they prefix it to a fern,
pronoun, they make it masc. [as when they prefix

it to a masc. pronoun] and fcm., saying i^A and

Cy^l [Who, or which, of them two?], meaning

women ; (Fr, T ;) [the latter of which seems to

be the more common ; for ISd says,] sometimes

-a ^t
they said Ori^ [Who, or which, of them? referring

to women], meaning |>^1. (M.) It is said in
the Kur [xxxi. last verse], ^ijl iCV \j-^ *>£}■** ~J
<Zty*i [And a person hnoweth not in what land
he will die] : (S :) but some read y±j\ i^W ; and

Sb compares this fern, form to ^>y£L=>. (Bd.)
When it is used as an interrogative relating to an
indeterminate noun in a preceding phrase, ^1 is
made to conform with that indeterminate noun in
case-ending and in gender and in number; and
this is done [alike, accord, to some,] in the case
of its connexion with a following word and in the
case of a pause ; so that, [in the case of a pause,]

9 3* ***

to him who says, J^y j^V [A man came to

[Book I.

me], you say, [accord, to the authorities alluded to

above,] ^ [ Who ?] ; and to him who says, wotj

•^U-j [I saw a man], bl [Whom?]; and to him

* * j 9* * *» t

who says, J*>^ «^jj-» [I passed by a man], yj\

[Whom?]: and in like manner, [accord, to all

authorities,] in the case of its connexion with a

following word; as ,«S W uf' [Who, young
man?], and ^JS G U [Whom, young man?],
and . «i» *-» itfl [ Wliom, young man ?] : and in
the case of the fern, you say, k>\ and ajI and 3l/\
[in the nom. and accus. and gen. respectively] ;
and in the dual, o^ 1 lul1 ' U^ 1 '" tno nom - case

tit :it

[masc. and fcm. respectively], and ^^1 and Ort'

in the accus. and gen. cases [masc. and fcm.

respectively] ; and in die pi., [with die like dis-

* it « it .

Unction of genders,] ijyj\ and Ot>l in the nom.

case, and ^-jI and Obt in the accus. and gen.
cases. (I 'Ak p. 319.) [Exs. in cases of pause,
agreeing with the foregoing rules, are given in
the T ; and cxs. in cases of connexion with fol-
lowing words, agreeing with the foregoing, are
given in the Mughncc : hut J gives rules differing
from the foregoing in some respects ; and IB
gives rules differing in some points both from
the foregoing and from those of J.] It is said in
the S, ^5! is made to conform widi indeterminate
nouns significant of intellectual beings and of non-
intcllcctual things, and is used as an interrogative;
and when it is thus used in reference to an in-
determinate noun, you make it to have a case-
ending like that of the noun respecting which
it demands positive information ; so Unit when

• J * i*

it is said to you, J^-j ^y y» [A man passed by

.. , it'
me], you say, ..3 W l5' t Who, O young man ?],

thus giving it a ease-ending [like that of J*-j]

when it is in connexion with a following word ;

and you indicate the case-ending [by tho pro-

tti . 4 *

n initiation termed >yjM, saying ^1, with a some-
what obscure utterance of the final vowel,] in

f * * M it*

pausing ; and if one says, ^t-j <-*^)j [I saw a
man], you say, ^» C ^1 [Whom, O young
man ?], giving it a case-ending [like that of "iU-j],
witli tenween, when it is [thus] in connexion with
a following word ; and you pause upon the t,

it 3 * » 9**

saying bt ; and when one says, J*-^ *Z>jj~» [I

,* T .t

passed by a man], you say, ^i ^ ^g\ [Whom,

*
O young man ? in a case of connexion with a

following word ; and ££t in a case of pausing] :

you conform with what Uie other has said, in

the nom. and accus. and gen. cases, in the case

of connexion with a following word and in that

of pausing: but IB says that this is correct only

in the case of connexion with a following word ;

for in the case of a pause, you say only j_jl, in
the nom. and gen., with sukoon ; and you imitate
in both of Uiese cases only when you use the
dual form or the pi. : it is added in die S, you
say in the cases of the dual and pi. and fern,
like as we have said respecting s j^ : when one
says, JU-j i^'V [Men came to me], you say,

• it # MS

O*! 1 [Who?], with the j quiescent; and ,^1
in the accus. and gen. : but IB says, the correct

if

Book I.]

mode is to say, o>T' an< l Cxi'i with fet-h to the
O in both ; [meaning that this is the only allow-
able mode in the case of connexion with a fol-
lowing word, and spy. that it is the preferable
mode in the case of a pause ;] the quiescent o
bcintr allowable onlv in the case of a pause, and
with respect to ±y», for you say o>** and i > s -»
with the quiescent o only: it is then added in
the S, you say, also, tu\ [Who? and whom ?] in
using the fcm. [in a case of pause]; but in a

case of connexion with u following word, [when

*at

referring to o noun in the accus.,] you say, <ul

IJuk \i [Whom, O thou? in the sing.], and oU

jaj . *

fin the pi. ; and in like manner, i>l in tlio nom.

sing., and SjI in the gen. sing. ; and oL;t in the

nom. pi., and £>\j\ in the gen. pi.] : but when the

interrogation refers to a determinate noun, ^1 is

in the nom. case (with rcfa) only. (TA.) [See also

* fit

^U, below.] __ [In other cases, now to be men-
tioned, it is used alike as sing., dual, and pi.] _
It also denotes a condition; (T,S, M, Mughnce;)
in which case, also, it is a decl. noun, applied

to an intellectual being and to a non-intellectual

t • • I i m tat
thing. (S.) So in the saying, a^j£s\ Lf j»jSJ^ r >\

[Whichever of them treat* me with honovr, I

will treat him with honour]. (S.) So, too, in

J »* t 9* it

the saying [in tlic Kur xvii. 110], *Aj \yt-j2 U Ijl
^JlmJ\ iUI^I [Whichever ye call Him, He
hath the best name*]. (T,* Mughnce.) And in
the saying [in the same, xxviii. 28], i>«W^I 1*j\
i_S** O'jJ* ^M ^•g^ i * [IKAicAercr o/" Me /tpo
<e»7n* J fulfil, there shall be no wrongdoing to

Sit M, mt J f *

me]. (Mughnce.) One says also, bt ai>\ <* ..*. m
&m*-yi U, meaning o^-y U^l [May Ood accom-
liaHu him wherever he goeth]. (AZ, T.) And
Zuhcyr uses the expression lyuLw Jul for iy^-j iy.1
lydLt [Whatever tract t/tey travelled, or travel].
(T.) The saying, ibf »I>*.U Iji. o^» iLlj ^1
[TfAir/iever o/" w»e and thee be evil, may Ood
abate him .'] was explained by Kb to Sb as mean-
ing l^i O^ H" [whichever of us two 2>eevt7];
and as being like the saying, w>ibDI aDI ^>»-1
ill«» , -l«, meaning U-». (M. [And in a similar
manner, the former clause of that saying, occur-
ring in a verse, with U after .jjl, is said in the
T to have been explained by Kh to Sb.]) _ It
is also a conjunct noun ; (Mughnee ;) [i. e.] it is
sometimes used in the manner of ^ JJI, and there-
fore requires a complement; as in the saying,
Jyi-I jljJI ,y jvfA [He, of them, who is in the
house is thy brother]: (S:) [i. e.] it is syn. with

i^JJI. (M, Mughnce.) So in the saying [in the

1. 1 nit f ml t S * •*• A"J

Kur xix. 70], J^l^nJl i*t£ J£» O* O*)^ J>

* *****

C^c V >»».J)I ^jic [Then we will assuredly draw
forth, from every sect, him, of them, who is
most exorbitantly rebellious against the Compas-
sionate] : bo says Sb : but the Koofees and a
number of the Basrees disagree with him, holding
that the conjunct noun ^1 is always decl., like
the conditional and the interrogative : Zj says,
" It has not appeared to me that Sb has erred

except in two instances, whereof this is one;
for he has conceded that it is decl. when separate,
and how can he say that it is indecl. when it is a
prefixed noun 1" and El-Jarmec says, " I have
gone forth from El-Basrah, and have not heard,
from my leaving the Khandak to Mekkeh, any

one say, jfii j^\ O** 6 ^ t 88 meaning / mil
assuredly beat him, of them, who is standing],
with damm :" these assert, that it is, in the verse
above, an interrogative, and that it is an inchoa-
tive, and JLirl is an enunciative : but they differ
as to the objective complement of the verb : Kh
says that this is suppressed, and that the implied
meaning is, we will assuredly draw forth those
of whom it will be said, Which of them is most
kc.l and Yoo says that it is the proposition
[^1 &c], and that the verb is suspended from
governing, as in the instance in the Kur xviii. 11,
cited above: and Ks and Akh say that it is
JU*£> ij£», that £y» is redundant, and that the in-
terrogative proposition is independent of what pre-
cedes it ; this being grounded on their saying that
the redundance of ±y» is allowable in an affirma-
tive proposition : but these [following] facts refute
their sayings ; viz. that the suspension of govern-
ment is peculiar to verbs significant of operations
of the mind ; and that it is not allowable to say,
J-UII ^Ji^o*^, with rcfa, as meaning by impli-
cation " I will assuredly beat him of whom it is
said, He is the transgressor;" and that the re-
dundance of t>« in an affirmative proposition is
not correct. (Mughnce. [Some further remarks
on the same subject, in that work, mentioning
other opinions as erroneous, I omit. Another
reading of the passage in the Kur cited above
(xix. 70) will be found in what here follows.])

[ISd states that] they said, JUil J^t 0*j-iV$
[I will assuredly beat him, of tliem, who is most
excellent], and J-ait ^5! [him who is most excel-
lent] ; ^yl being indecl., accord, to Sb, and there-
fore the verb does not govern it [save as to the
meaning]. (M.) And [that] you say, ^yjl w>-il
J-iil [Beat thou him, of them, who is most ex-
cellent], and J-oil j^>\ [meaning the same, or
whichever of them, &c.] ; suppressing the relative
y> after jtyA. (M in a later part of the same

art.) Fr says that when jjjt is governed by the
verb before it, it has not the interrogative mean-

ing ; and you may say, jXJi Jyo j^iS OtJ^^
[I will assuredly beat him, of them, or which-
ever of them, says that] : and he says that he who
reads ^cyjl, in the accus. case, in the passage of
the Kur cited above (xix. 70) makes it to be

governed by o^j^- CO ^ 8 ^y 8 ' vou "f*
jljJI fJ_^Yi\ O-tj**) [I will assuredly beat him,
of them, or whichever of them, is in the house] ;
but you may not say, »ljJI ■«*>•»*' *Z*ij* '• " xus
he distinguishes between the actual occurrence
and that which is expected. (S.) Akh says,
also, that it may be indeterminate and qualified
by an epithet; as when one says, ^0, &&»

JO v .i>m, like as one says, M y** 4 O** L l
passed by one pleasing to thee] : but this has not
been heard [from the Arabs]. (Mughnee.) — It

133

also denotes perfection, or consummateness : and
in this case it is an epithet applying to an indeter*

minate noun; as in ,J+.j ^1 J^y J*j \[Zeyd
is a man; what a man!], meaning that he ia
complete, or consummate, in the qualities of men :
and it is a denotative of state relating to a deter-

minate noun ; as in J*>j ^1 oil -x>v Op>* 1 [/
passed by 'Abd- Allah; what a man was he!]:
(Mughnee :) and used in this sense, it is tropical.
(Har p. 534.) [J says,] it is sometimes an epithet
applying to an indeterminate noun : you say,

J+J li' <&>* ^Jr* and v^-J ^ tC/ j w wid by

' * ' * t. »* m j*tf t **•

a man ; what a man !] ; and il^*' i>\ 2lj*W ^iJ*

t [/ passed by a woman ; what a woman !], and

ij*j\j*\ l«il Oe*]/*** [ty tm0 women ; what two

women !] ; and SU-I a_-l i\j*\ »J+ t [This u

»■* * •.** ..Uf 'tit

a woman; what a woman!]: and Oe'lr 4 ' Wv

t [ What two women !] ; U being redundant : and
in the case of a determinate noun, you say, I Juh
ji.j CjI j^j i[This is Zeyd; what a man it
he !] ; putting it in the accus. case as a denotative
of state; and iJjU. C£l iifi.' .jj. \[Thi* it
the handmaid of Ood; what a girl, or young
woman, is she !] : you say, also, [in using an in-

determinate noun,] -iUiU. Sl^«t \C\ and ^.U-,
..,. t.t* 1st .__, »

and JJUiU. l\y>\ Su\ {[what a woman came to

thee !] ; and <b)U. <«l itj^H <Z»jj+ t [I passed
by a girl, or young woman; what a gxrl, or

m* * m t *" » ' » *

young woman !] ; and is^U i<\ 2-"%** « t U ..» and

m * * » '

5;5u *jI + [I brought thee a body-wrapper; what
a body-wrapper !] : all are allowable. (S.) [In
all these it evidently denotes admiration, or
wonder, at some good or extraordinary quality
in the person or thing to which it relates; not-
withstanding that J says afterwards,] and some-
times it is used to denote wonder ; as in the saying
of Jemeel,

4i.jJ \ ^ p ^1 Or*

f[0 Dutheyneh, (OtXt being a curtailed form
of <L-1>, a woman's name,) adhere thou to " ivo:"
verily "No," if thou adhere to it, notwithstand-
ing the numbers of the slanderers, what a help-
will it be !] : (S :) i. e., an excellent help will
be thy saying "No" in repelling, or rebutting,
the slanderers, though they be many. (TA in
art. o^O Fr gives as exs. of its use to denote
wonder the sayings, «mj J*.j ^1 [What a man

is Zeyd !], and »^Jy ijjU. ^1 [ What a girl, or

young woman, is Zeyneb!]. (T.) It denotes

wonder at the sufficiency, and great degree of

competence, of the person [or thing] to whom [or

to which] it relates. (M.) El-Kattal El-Kilabee

says,

<*« •' at 1 »t> a**

[And when I saw that J had slain kim, I repented
of it; in what an hour, or time, of repentance !] :
i. e., when I slew him, I repented of it, in a time
when repentance did not profit: J;l being here in

134

the accus. case as an adv. n. ; for, as it denotes
the part of a whole, its predicament is made to be
the same as that of the affixed noun, of whatever
kind this may be. (Ham p. 95.) — It also has
j) prefixed to it; and thus it becomes changed
in signification so as to denote numerousness,
being syn. with the enunciativc. jj=* [How many !] ;
(8, K ;) or syn. with vj [ ,l8 meaning many] :
(8b, M :) [and sometimes it is syn. with the
interrogative jjs, meaning how many ? or how
much? as will be shown below:] thus it is written
^U», (M,) or J*U>, (S, M, K,) its tenween
being written ^ ; C 8, ]£ ;) and «l&, (M,) or
[more commonly] £y\£», (8, M, JL, [in some
copies of the 8 and !£ £*&,]) like o*\±>, (S,)
said by IJ, on the authority of Aboo-'Alce, to be
formed from &i\£», by putting the double ^
Itcforc the ., niter the manner of the transposition
in /j-J and a number of other words, so that it bc-
comes l«£> [or ^jL£>], then suppressing the second
tC, as is done in C*?* and />-* and ,>J, so that
it becomes » tl jS» [or £*«£»], and then changing

the [remaining] ^ into I, as in [,jy», which

J , A *

becomes] u?U», and in [iCm», which becomes]

t_£)U-, so that it becomes jl& [or ^Vfe] ; (M ;)
and it has other dial. vars. ; namely o^=» [° nc
of the intermediate forms between />jI^> and
^31^ mentioned above] ; (K ; [in one copy of
the K written ^>~£»> and ?0 accord, to the TK;])
und \c\&, (M, £,) of the measure of ,_•), and
most probably formed by transposition from ;<j£»,
mentioned above ; ( M ;) and \£>, of the measure
of ^e, (M, TA,) incorrectly written in the copies
of the £ ;l£>, i. c. like *l*», (TA,) formed by the
suppression of ^ in j^^fe ; a change not greater
than that from aDTJ^I to *bT^» and Jtijt. (M.)

You say, c-JU >^y CH^* [-B«B »wi«y a man
have I met ! or many a man &c], (8, J£,*)
putting the noun following ^>JT£> in the accus.
case as a specificative ; (8;) and J^J j>« J>>li»
o-ei ; (8, $ ;*) and the introduction of ryt after
^Vfe is more common, and better. (8. [And Sb,
hs cited in the M, says the like.]) You say also,
>*y ^0*1 jJ cH» [How many a man hat come
to me ! or many a man etc]. (8b, M.) And J>jU^
^>yJ\ I J* pj, i. e. 2«3 jA [For how much
wilt thou tell thit garment, or piece of cloth ?].
(S.) Kh says that if any ono of the Arabs made
it to govern the gen. case, perhaps he did so by
making ^ to be implied, as is allowable with
j& : (M :) [so that you may say, jXji 1$*
•«** Oo^iil Jbr Aow many a dirhem didst thou
buy thit? for] it is allowable to. make the noun
that follows j£> to be governed in the gen. case
by j>* implied, when jjo immediately follows a
preposition; as in li* OyjiiT^JLjj J$ ; but
when it is not thus preceded by a preposition, the
noun after it must be in the accus. case. (I 'Ah:
p. 317.) It olways holds the first place in a
proposition, like J&. (Idem, next p.) _ It is

L5«

also a connective of the vocative with the noun
signifying the person or persons or thing called,
when this noun has the article Jl prefixed to it ;
(S, M, Mughnee, K;) and with a noun of indica-
tion, as li ; and with a conjunct noun having Jl
prefixed to it, as i^JJI : (I 'Ak p. 268 :) it is a
noun formed for serving as such n connective ;
(M, K ;) and has U affixed to it. (S, M, &c.)
You say, J*»-jJI lyjl L» [which seems to be best
rendered O thou man ; more agreeably with the
original, O thou, the man ; or, accord, to Akh,

O tluw who art the man; lit., he who it the

'to-
man; often written l»jb] ; (T, S, M, Mughnee,

%. ;) and u^^ 1 W W [O ye two men] ; and
JU.Jll 1^1 £ [0 ye men] ; (M ;) and j'£jl 1^1 b
[0 thou woman]; (S, M ;) and o^W V^t' W
[U ye two women]; and Sj— Jl l^Jl t [() yc
women]; and Jljjl 1^1 tj, and O^'Ji'i an* 1
03 — Jl ; (M;) and li 1^1 U [O <Ao«, Mw person
or tiling] ; and \J£» J*i ^JJI \£\ h [0 thou
icho didst, or hatt done, thus], (I 'Ak p. 267.)
In the first of the cxs. here given, ^1 is a noun
of vague signification, (Zj, T, 8,) denoting the
person called, (Zj, T,) of the sing, number, (Zj,
T,S,) rendered determinate by the vocative [^],
(8,) indecl., with damm for its termination ; (Zj,
T, S ;) and U is 11 particle employed to rouse
attention, or to give notice, a substitute for the
noun to which ^1 is in other cases prefixed ; and
Jjk.j)t is a qualihcativc to yjjt, (Zj,T, 8,) where-
fore it is in the nom. cose. (S.) Akh asserts, [as
we have indicated above,] that ^\ is here the
conjunct noun, and that the first member of its
complement, namely the relative ^*, is suppressed;

the meaning being, J*Jjt j* ,>• £ : but this
assertion is refuted by die fact that there is no
relative pronoun that must be suppressed, nor any
conjunct noun that necessarily requires that its
complement should be a nominal proposition :
though he might reply to these two objections by
arguing that U in the saying juj U-~, ^ is in like
manner [virtually] in the nom. case [as a conjunct
noun syn. with i^JJI, and that the first member
of its complement, namely ytt, an inchoative of
which jljj is die enunciative, is suppressed].

(Mughnee.) The putting of the qualificative of

•• I t * t( 'At *

1^1 in the accus. case, as in the saying J^JJI 1*jI \j

J-51 [O thou man, advance], is allowed (M, K)
by El-Mazinee; but it is not known [as heard

from the Arabs]. (M.) l^>l and £jj,\ are also
used for the purpose of particularizing; [in which
case they are not preceded by l^ ;] as when one

says, J4-JJI 1^1 li£» Jiiti lit £l [At for me, I
will do thus, or such a thing, thou man], meaning
himself; and as in the saying of Kaab Ibn-Malik,
related in a trad., &£bl £j? UiLLii [And we
remained behind, or held back, ye three], meaning,
by the three, those particularized as remaining
behind [with him], or holding back. (TA.)

-e a

U : see art. U. = LI : see the next paragraph.

c i" « *l l W » [the former word, when alone and

[Book I.

indeterminate, perhaps (as when determinate)
without tenween, for it is-cxplained (with its dial,
vars.) in the S and K in <LJUI utl^l ^.b, though
it is also explained in some copies of the S in
die present art.,] and ,^-iJI * i£\ , (T, S, M,
Mgh, ^,) and y-^JI 1 5C1, (S, M, ?,) and t ;Z\
tr^UI, (T, M, Mgh, }£, and in a copy of the S,)
with fet-h and medd, (T, Mgh, ]£, and so in a
copy of the 8,) The light of the sun, (S, M,Mgh,
K,) and its beauty : (M, I£ :) or its ray*, and Us
light : (T :) or, as some say, v-+Zi\ * »UI signifies
the lialo of the sun; that, with respect to the sun,
which is like the i)U with rct)Kct to the moon ;
i. e. the 5;l> around the sun : (S :) the pi. [of
5L»I] is " V^l and IIjI ; [or rather the former is a
coll. gen. n. ;] likc^^t and^.li>t in relation to
Ijh*. (M.) Tnrafch says, (T, S, Mgh,) de-
scribing the fore teeth (jii) of his beloved, (EM
p. 62,)

• *3UJ ^1 y^^l t 5UI aU- *

[T/u> light of the tun lias sited its lustre upon
them, except their gums]. (T, S, Mgh.)^ And
hence, by way of comparison, (M,) oUJI Cl, and
t»j$, (M, ?,) and t^bl, and > Ju,' (K,)
J Tlte beauty of herbage, (M, £,) and its blos-
soms, (M,) and brightness, (K, TA,) »'/i its rer*
dure and growth. (TA.) = J*»I «ljl 01 : sec bl,
in art. Ut.

see the next preceding paragraph,
throughout.

• .1

l\A\

is.l

«UjI dim. of 21 : sec die letter I.

Lj\ dim. ofiJT, q.v. (T.)

u a

bl : sec 1*1 , in art. 01.

bt : see art. 01. [Az says,] I have not heard
any derivation of 01 ; but I think, without being
certain, that it is from 4^0 ns explained above ;
as though it were a noun from that verb, of the
measure (b9 06, like ^j£=>> from Oj£» J ; so that
the meaning of jJOl is I direct myself, or my
aim, to, or towards, tliee, and thy person. (T.)

24 Si

1-1I [a rcl. n. ofi<l]. When you ask a man

respecting his S)>^> [i. c. district, or city, or
town], you say, yj'JI [7%c person of what dis-
trict, &c, art thou ?] ; like as you say, in asking

him respecting his 4JU0 [or tribe], ly^JI [from
• - " » •« i .1

l *y«] : and you say also, wJI iyl [A person of

what district, etc., art thou ?] ; and C*il ,<U.

a , '

(T.) [See also ^^u, in art. &*.]

,j0! : sec art. ^1. Ldi says that it is used in
the manner of ^» ; [signifying When ?] ; and
that some say its ,j is radical ; others, that it is

i I

augmentative : (T :) IJ says, it must be from j^l,
not from /wl, for two reasons : first, because ^-wl
denotes place; and £0.1, time: and secondly,
because nouns of the measure JUi are few ; and
those of the measure i£JU», many : so that if you

'

Book I.]

name a man ^01, it is imperfectly deck: and he

adds, that ^1 means a part of a whole ; so that
it applies as properly to times as it does to other
things: (TA :) Fr says that it is originally ob' G? 1
[at what time?]. (T.) One says, of a stupid, or

foolish, i>crson, oW »-*/■* *) [H e knows not
when]. (IB.)

lj;\ : see ^\ : =: and see also 2 '" art - !»&'•
■■ ^f : sec what next follows, in two places.

LT A sign, token, or mark, by which a person
or thinij it known; syn. !«*£• (IAar, T, S, M,
Msb,K)and?Jui: (M,K:) it properly signifies
any apparent thing inseparable from a thing not
equally apparent, so tliat when one perceives the
former, he knows thut he perceives the other,
which he cannot perceive by itself , when the two
things are of one predicament ; and this is apj>a-
rent in the object of sense and in that of the
intellect : (Er-Itaghib, TA :) it is of the measure
iiii, (M,K,) originally *jl; the [former] yj l>cing
changed to I because the letter before it is with
fet-h, though this is an extraordinary change:
(M :) this is related as on the authority of Sb :
(TA :) or it is of the measure «U*», (M, K,)
accord, to Kli ; (M ;) originally ibjl ; (S ;) [for,
accord, to J and Fci,] Sb said that its medial
radical letter is j, and that the final is ^J, because
words of this class are more common than those

of which the medial and final radical letters are

3 -t
both ,J ; (S, Msb;) and the rcl. n. is ^jjl : (S:)

but IB says, Sb did not state that the medial

radical letter of 2j1 is 3, as J states ; but he said

•si
that it is originally £>t, and that the quiescent <j

is changed into I ; and he relates of Kh, that he
allowed the rcl. n. of i<l to I* t^yl and t^t and

^_yjT ; but as to J^jl, he says, I know not any
one who has said it except J : (TA :) or it is
of the measure aifttt, (S, Msb, K,) originally i^t,
contracted by the suppression of its final radical
letter [with the preceding kesreh] : so accord, to
Fr : [but sec what follows (after the pis.), where
this is said to be the opinion of Ks, and disallowed
by Fr :] (S, Msb :) the pi. is oU and *^f, (S, M,
Msb, K,) [or the latter is rather a coll. gen. n.,]
and pi. pi. l\\: (M, K:) J says that one of its
pis. is icC\ ; [and we find the same also in some
copies of the K ;] but this is a mistake for JU,
which is pi. of ,VT, not of l>\; (IB, TA :) and
this pi., being of the measure JUil, has been
adduced as evidence that the medial radical letter
is ^£, not j : (TA :) the dim. is * <£d , [of the
measure &«** changed to iL*i because of the
medial radical ^,] which, accord, to Fr, shows
the opinion of Kb, that iJ\ is of the measure iicli
rendered defective by the suppression of its final
radical letter, to be incorrect, because [Fr holds, in
opposition to some others, that] a noun of this mea-
sure has not its dim. formed on the measure iLw
unless it is a proper name. (T.) They said,
\jia, iJL AJLait [Do thou it at the sign of such a
thing] ; like as you say, I j£> *-«')jv and \j£» JjUv.
(M.) And [in this sense, as is indicated by the
context in the M,] it is one of the nouns that are

prefixed to verbs [as virtually governing the gen.
case], (M, K,") because of the nearness of its
meaning to the meaning of time : (K :) as in the
saying [of a poet],

135

f J '9 *

£jl U, and OUI; and iC\, and »Cl, and

[At the sign of your urging forward the horses,
unsmoothed in their coats, or not curried; which
means nearly the same as " at the time of your
urging" &c.]. (M.) — yl sign as meaning an
indication, an evidence, or a proof. (TA.)—- A
sign as meaning a miracle ; [and a wonder ; for]
4&I Ob' means the wonders of God. (TA.) —
An example, or a warning ; (Fr, T, M, Msb, K;)
as, for instance, the case of Joseph and his bre-
thren, related in the Kur: (Fr,T:) pi. ♦Jjl (M,
K) and OU. (Fr, T.) — A message, or commu-
nication sent from one person or party to another;
syn. iJCj. (TA.) — The body, or corporeal
form or figure or substance, (S, M, K,) of a man,
(S,) which one sees from a distance ; [as being a
kind of sign ;] or a person, or an individual ;
syn. ,V ti (S, M, K.) — A ivhole company
of people : as in the saying, ^f^jtyl I m*» The
people, or j>arty, went forth with their whole
company, not leaving behind them anything.

(AA, S, M.) [Hence, accord, to some, A

verse of the Kur-an; as being] a collection of
words of the Book of God: (S:) or a connected
form of words' of the Kur-i'm continued to its
breaking off'; (K, TA ;) accord, to Aboo-Bekr,
so called because it is a sign of the breaking off:
(TA :) or a portion of the Kur-an after which a.
suspension of speech is apjtrovable : (Msb :) or a
portion of the Kur-an denoting any statute, or
ordinance, of God, whether it be [what is gene-
rally termed] an SjI, [i. e. a verse,] or a chaptrr
(Sjy-i), or an aggregate [and distinct] portion of
the latter. (Er-Rughib, Kull, TA.*) [i_.%
written after a quotation of a part of a verse of
the Kur-an, means i^l \ji\ Read thou the verse.]

\A : see 01, in art. ul.

8 » 2 •» „ •«•* ,

i«St and jjl, accord, to Kh, rel. ns. of «ul, q. v.

(IB.)

lit' **.' *^»" C

<uU, or 4jU or i~J : see 5.

C\ a vocative particle, (S, M, K,) used in calling
him who is near and him who is distant : [in the
former case, like O: in the latter, like ho tliere,
or soho, or holla :] you say, J-31 «»jj U [O Zeyd,
advance : or lio there, or soho, or holla, &c] :
(§ :) or J is in error in saying this : it is used in
calling to him who is distant: (Mughnee, K:)
so say Ibn-El-Hajib, in the Kafiyeh, and El-
Fakhr El-Jarabardee ; and the latter adds, or
to him who is in a predicament like that of him
who is distant, being sleeping or inadvertent; the
person who calls thereby being eager for the
person called to advance to him : (TA :) or not
used in calling to him who is near : (K :) and »
is substituted for its hemzeh ; (M, K ;) so that
one says, C*. (M.) AZ says, I have heard them
say, J)4» '»& W'- (T in OUJ^I «1>W0 [Accord,
to the TA, (art 1,) one says also Cl.]

.M : see art. ^5 1.

C\ (S,M,K,&c.) and U, (M,K,) the latter
form used by some, as related on the authority
of Ktr; (M ;) accord, to some, (M,) a noun of
vague signification, (S,M, K,) used metonymi-
cally for a noun in the accus. case, (M,) with
which are connected all the affixed pronouns that
denote the accus. case : you say JtJjJ [Thee] and
»C\ [him] and {$C\ [me] (S,K) and UWJ [t«,
&c.]: (S:) and the hemzeh is changed into », so
diat you say J^* (S, M,K*) and .!>&; (Kjr,
IJ, M, K ;*) and sometimes into 3, so that you
say Jb j [and app. jCj also ; both of which
are used by some of the Arabs in the present day,

very commonly in Egypt, for JU 3 as meaning

* * * * »" •" * ■» »

J\x* ; like as one says Ij^j^, meaning jjj £•] :

(K:) the J) and » and <J [&c] are put to show
the object meant, in order that the person ad-
dressed may be known from the absent [&c] ; and
have no place in the analysis of a sentence, like
the J) in JJUi and iXiM : (S, M : in the former
of which is added, and like the 1 and ,j in C^t :)
and this is identical with the opinion of Akh :
(M,TA :) thus U is the noun, and whatfollows.it
is to denote allocution, [&c.,] and the two becomo
as one thing; for nouns of vague, signification
are not prefixed to other nouns to govern them
in the gen. case, nor are any of the pronouns, being
themselves determinate. (S.) Ibn-Keysdn says,
(S, M,) some of the grammarians say that jjl^t,
altogether, is a noun ; and he adds, but some say
(M) that the J and » &c. arc the nouns, and that
Id is a support thereto, because they cannot stand
by themselves, (S, M,) like the J) &c. which
occupy the latter place in «i1j>«cu &c. ; so when
the J &c. are put first, [as in Cy^i J>l^l Thee I
beat, or struck,] they are supported by U, and
the whole becomes as one thing : (S :) and you
mav also say, ic\j\ Cj^s [I beat, or struck,
me] ; because it is not allowable to say, ^j^jj-o :
(S as corrected by IB :) but you may not say,
jbl c-jj-i [I beat, or struck, thee] ; because
you only require jCl when you cannot use the
J [alone] ; though you may say, JJUI JlZfj-o [I
beat, or struck, thee, thee] ; because the J) is made
to be syntactically dependent upon the verb, so
when you repeat it you require Qt. (S.) In the
saying of the poet, (S,) Dhu-1-Isba' El-'Adwanee,

(TA,)

- it j * » * 'i s* * • * st "
UU jLiJ Uil (J>5 j>yi Wfe

[As though we, on the day ofKurra, only killed
ourselves], he has separated it from the verb only
because the Arabs do not make the action of the
agent to fall upon the agent itself by the adjunc-
tion of the pronoun : they do not say, c jS si.
but only .c-Ai CJCl : so the poet has used
UQl in the same manner as U-Jul. (S, TA.)
Some of the grammarians say that U is prefixed
to what follows it, governing it in the gen. case ;
and adduce as an evidence thereof a saying which
see below, commencing with J*-j)t M# lij. (S.)

130

Zj says that it is an explicit noun, [not a pronoun,]
which is prefixed to nil the pronouns, governing
them in the gen. case; but only to pronouns;
Ho that if one said, oj j_- ju j bt , it would be
bad. (M.) Kh holds that it is a pronoun pre-
fixed to the j) [kc], governing it in the gen.
case ; (M, K ;) and the like is related to have
been the opinion of EI-Muzincc : and Sb relates
of Kh that he said, if any one were to say ilbl
«il— *j [Thee, thyself], I would not severely
blame him, for this j) is [virtually] governed in
the gen. case. (M.) But accord, to Akh, it is
a simple, or uncompounded, pronoun, the ending
of which becomes altered, as the endings of pro-
nouns arc wont to become, because of the varying
of the numbers of the persons using them; (M,
K; [in both of which the last of the words thus
rendered is ^i ^ .f y . 1 1 ; accord, to a cony of the
™i 00» *» « ' '» '• *■ _>O"0--JI ; in a copy of the
K, without any syll. signs; and in the CK,
Oj^> rfi > l l ; of which readings, I have followed
that found in the M ; supposing the meaning to
be, that bl has different endings according as it
is used by one speaking to another, or by one
speaking of another, or by one speaking of him-
self, or to, or of, two or more, and the like;])
and the J of Jbl is like the j) ot -tUi, inasmuch
as it is an indication of allocution only, divested
of the idea of its being a sign of the pronoun.
(M.) Of all these varying opinions, IJ says that
he has found none to bo correct when investigated,
except that of Akh ; with whoso opinion, that
stated in the begining of this art. is identical
[except as to the affix, which is there said to be
u pronoun, not merely a panicle of allocution].
(M, TA.) Zj, being asked to explain tho meaning
of tho phrase jlaj i)Ql, [in the Kur i. 4,] an-

Jit" " •» J»

swered, juai JtSiJ m [Thine essence we worship];
and said that it is derived from Sjl, meaning " a
sign by which a thing is known :" but IJ does
not approve of this. (M.) [Respecting the phrase,
l*m y* liU, in which Ubl is used in the place
of a noun in the nom. case, and which is there-
fore disallowed by Sb, see til.] It is also

nsed for the purpose of cautioning, or putting one
on his guard. (T, S.) You say, j_^Ij iltjt
[Beware thou of, or avoid thou, or remove thyself
Jar from, the lion] : it is a substitute for a verb ;
us thou you said, jxb. : and you say also, Jb> ;
like as you say Jljl and Jl^i : (S :) [or Jljl in
this case is governed by a verb understood : for]
Ibn-Keysan says, when you say, Ij^jj i^-i'
[Beware thou of, or avoid thou, or remove thyself
far from, Zeyd], you caution him whom you
uddress against Zeyd, and the verb governing the
uccus. case is not apparent: the meaning is,
lj>ij ^jS~-\ [I caution thee against Zeyd] ; as

though you said, Ijyj^ Jb.1 i)jj_.1 [I caution
thee, thee with Zeyd]; or as though you said,
OUft lj-»j j-b. i jyj v>c Jlmii jxb [Remove thy-
self far from Zeyd, and remove Zeyd far from
tliee] ; so that the verb governs the word signi-
fying the person cautioned and that signifying him
against whom that person is cautioned: (TA:) [and
Az says,] when you say, __»._) I v>_»^ «*$> *«

verb is suppressed: it is as though you said,
A-—-UJI -_>>£>, Jjj_.l [/ caution tltee against
the committing of that which exceeds the bounds
of rectitude]. (T.) Kh is related to have heard
an Arab of the desert say, (T,* M, the latter on the
authority of Sb.,) C\\ iCU o-HllI j4J" & W
w-lj^JI [When tlie man attains to sixty years,
i" caution him against, or let him avoid, the
young women] ; (T, S, M ;) prefixing bt to
wjl^tJI, and putting the latter in the gen. case :
(S :) but accord, to Akh, it is not allowable to
say [thus, or] jS) blj ilbl. (M.) Sometimes
the j is suppressed, as in the saying of the poet,

* <ULi iTLjl iJlJl JUli *

[Then avoid thou, avoid thou obstinate disputa-
tion, for it is wont to invite to evil, and an
attracter of evil] ; meaning, ij^Jlj J)£\ ; i. e.,

vjKjV O'i "***$ ( TA ) You say [properly], o'i^C'
I j\_> J_ii [Beware thou of, or avoid thou, doing
such a thing] : but [in strict propriety] you should

not say, I j_» Jjjj jjt Jbt , without 3 . (S.) See
also art. ^1.

bbl (Lth, T, S, M, K) and Ijbl, (M,) or b'b,
(K») and aj\j, (M, K,) A cry by which camels
are chidden. (Lth, T, S, M, K.) [Sec 2 in art.

For words which might be supposed to be pro-
perly mentioned under this head, see art ^jjt.

1. >l, aor. j^ib, inf. n. jyl, He, (a man, AZ, T,
&c.,) or it, (a tiling, L,) mas, or became, strong:
(AZ, T, S, M, K, &c. :) and *jJl, inf. n. lC\,
he became possessed of strength. ( AHcyth, T, L.)
__<iujL«j Oil I His coming as a guest was, or
became, frequent. (A.) [Sec jj!.]

2. jJf, inf. n. JujO ; (T, S, M, &c. ;) and * jyf,
(T, S, K,) of tlie measure J*li, (S,) inf. n. ijjfy* ;
(K ;) He strengthened : (S, M, L, Msb, K :) he
aided, or rendered victorious. (L.) You say,
j**)\ ( _y)l* »jl>1 He strengthened him to accom-
plish the affair. (M, L.)

3 : sec 2.
4 : see 1.

5. juU He, or it, (a thing, S,) became strength-
ened. (T,S,K.)

>l Strength ; syn. «_JU> r (M, L, K,) and iy
[which is one of the significations of ^JLo, and
that which is here meant] ; as also ▼ jut [which
is an inf. n. : see 1]. (S, M, K.)

*u •*■

j^l : see it.

•-(

JSjl Strong: (S, A,Mgh,Msb,K:) an epithet

applied [to God, and] to a man. (S.) A poet says,
[lit When a strong one strings the bow, he shoots,

[Book I.

and hits the kidneys, and the tops of the humps
of the camels] ; meaning, when God strings [or
stretches] tlie bow that is in the clouds, He casts
fat into the kidneys and humps of the camels, by
means of the herbage that is produced by the rain.
(?.)__ ;Uia«JI^ ;tjjj| ju'n) ajI means \Vcrily he is
often present at the morning and evening meals.
(A.)

jbt Anything by which a j>crson or thing is
strengthened, (M, L,K,) ot guarded, defended, or
protected : (T, L :) a thing by which one is pro-
tected, or veiled, or concealed: die side; shade,
or shadow; or protection: a place of refuge : (M,
L, K :) either side of anything, that strengthens
it: (Lth, T:) anything that is in the vicinity of
a thing : (T :) each wing of an army : (S, M, L,
K :) earth that, is put round a watering-trough or
tank, or round a tent, (S, M, L, K,) to strengthen
it, or to keep away from it the rain-water :
(S, L:) any fortification : a fortified mountain :
(M, L, K :) a mountain that is inaccessible, or
difficult of access. (IAar, T.) [In the place of
one signification, Golius gives " cortex ;" having
found .laJ in the place of UJ.J__.yln elevated

tract, or a heap, of sand. (M, K.) Abundance

of camels [because they strengthen their owner],
(K.) — ThetttV; syn. .Tyi. (K.)

^iy» : sec jujo : _■ and see what next follows.

• * * * • '

•±iy», of the sumo measure as o-»y», A great,

mighty, or severe, thing ; (S, L, K ;) a calamity:
(T,S, M, L, K :) or, accord, to As, it is * JS'^,
with fet-h to the ^j, and signifies anything ren-
dered strong, or hard, or severe. (L.) [Sec i^U,
in art. >jl.)

•a 'j .»*•>

jj£o and tjl.3* (d»c latter iircg., by rule being

JJlji, TK,) Strengthened: (S, L,K:) aided;
or rendered victorious : (L :) antl the former,
strong, applied to a building. (M.)

' *-• '

JJiyo Strengthening: (S, L:) aiding; or" ren-
dering victorious. (L.) The dim. also has this
form. (S.)

1. Ujf, aor. '#£, (T, S, and K in art. jjl,)
inf. n. $ ; (T, TA;) or Uy, aor. J_,jS ; (ISk, T;)
or both; (K ubi supra ;) Jnivit cam; he com-
pressed her. (ISk, T, S, K.)

jj\ The membrum virile; penis; veretrnm:

(TA :) pi. [of pane.] *£\ and jbT (S, M, K) and

[of mult.] j^l (S, K) and JLTl. (L.) ijj? ^_a

^bj^l* is a phroso meaning J He Jiad many male

children. (T, TA.)

! .1

j^jbl Having a large membrum virile, or penis;
S -J
(T, S, M, K ;) like ^Ul signifying " having a

large nose." (T.)

jbl The [Syrian] month [corresponding to
May, O. S. ;] preceding 0\fiJ^-> or ( M written

by Saadee Efendee, TA) oLk>— ■• (So in difTcrcnt
copies of the K.)

*£\Iniens. (T,S,TA.)

Book I.]

]^ pass. part. n. of 1, (T, 8, TA,) of the same
measure as y?*** ; t. q. -i}^-*- (TA.)

]£+ (£, TA, [in the CK j*U, and in Gol. Lex.
./*>>•>]) Q M * multum coit. (K.)

v-r

A.

1. IL J-.I, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, KL,) aor. ^^W
(8, Msb, S) and J^C, (Msb,) inf. n. ^A, (Msb,)

or ^^1, (R,) or it has the same inf. n. as ^Jj,

* • t. * »

namely ^U, (S,) with which f^U is syn.,

(Mgh,) but this last is a contraction of^-U, of

the measure u^jlA , as determined by Az, and is

not an inf. n. of ^~A as some think it to be,

(Mgh, art. ^~j,) He despaired of it ; syn JauS :

($ :) a dial. v'ar. of J^' : (ISk, S, TA :) or it is

not so, but is formed by transposition from y-ii,

because it lias no [proper] inf. n. ; and ^ty, tne

proper name of a man, is not to be adduced in

evidence, for it is of the measure JU» from ^y^l,

"the act of giving:" (Preface to the M, quoted

in the TA :) if it were a dial. var. of ,^-Jj, they

it j # E I

would say v=— I for c~~>l : (M, TA :) and u -jI,
• # i "

incorrectly written ,^-j^, also signifies the same.

, tt ' . t.

(Mgh.) = tr^l : sec v~$.
2 : sec 4.

4. 1— ;l He made him to despair ; (K ;) like
i-l'l; (S,Mgh;) andso**Ji, (S,» K,) inf. n.

^^.il and » ^,-jI [Despairing'] ; part. ns. of ,^-jt.
(Msb.) _ [Hence,] i_>i [and accord, to Golius
*«l— jl, both properly moaning Despairing of the
recurrence of the mcnstruiil flux;] who has not
menstruated in a period of Jive and fifty years.
(KT.)

m, •* « t

«l— >\ : sec v _^-j1.

• - • f

I : see ,j— >l.

u-i

- •« „ ..it s « .

crA for »^ ^1 : see ^1, 111 art. ,j\.

1. y*!, aor. »>»«*!> ,n »- "• wAi't »• 1- >** »
(ISk, S, M, Msb,» K ;) as in die phrase ^J\ Ji>\
•■rUI [He returned to the thing, i. e. to the doing
of the thing ; he did the thing again, or a second

time]. (£.) And t. q. ii.j ; (S, M, Msb, K ;)

as in the phrase aUI ^t ^«l [.His returned to his

family]. (S, M.) In the phrase l«U> C-iii

♦ Uul, the last word is the inf. n. of ^o\ in the
sense of jle, (ISk, IDrd,S,M, Msb,») and in the
sense of **-, : (lDrd, M :) and the meaning is,
[7 did surh a thing again, or a second time;]
I returned to the doing of such a thing : (IDrd,
M :) or 7 did such a thing returning to what
had preceded. (Msb, K.') [It also, and more
commonly, signifies 7 did such a thing also.]
Bk.1.

When one says, * liyl -£ui c~U» [7 did that
again, ice.], you say, ~Jau\ ^J* 0>«£»l jS [Thou
hast made much use of the expression Lijl], and
♦.■ill rj* *•*■> [Let me alone and cease from
using the expression Loj\]. (ISk, S.) _- ^^ojI
also signifies J A thing's becoming another, or a
different, thing ; and being changed from its
state or condition [to another and a different
state or condition] : (Lth, K. :•) so says Kh.
(Ham p. 366.) And IJl£» Ji>\ I He, or it, became
such a thing. (Lth, S, M,* £.) You say, ,^1
LiQ ojjii, \\^> (A, TA) t The blackness of his
hair became whiteness. (TA.) And Zuheyr says,
speaking of a land which he traversed,

[I traversed, when the mirage, or the mirage of
the morning, became as though it were swords
which were removed a while, then met]. (S.)

ijaA and Lijl : see above, in tour places.

1. J)iS)\ iLl, aor. '- , The [trees called] Jljl
became what is termed 5£>l [n. un. of ibt, q. v.];
as also ^siVjUwl. (K.) The former occurs in

* el

poetry contracted into ■ik>\. (ISd, Sgh.)
10: seel.

ilUt Numerous, luxuriant or tangled or tfowe,
<rre* : (S, K :) or a place where water collects
and sinks into the ground ( <L . o . fc) producing
[tree* o/«Ac A('n<i»- called] jj~* and Jljl (Lth,K)
anrZ similar soft trees: (Lth :) or a collection of
any trees; even, of pulin-trees : (K.:) or, as some
say, a place where [trees of the kind called] ^pl
grow, and wliere is a collection of them : or,
accord, to AHn, an abundant collection of Jtjt
in one place : (TA :) or trees ; said to be of the
[hind called] j)\\\ : (Msb :) n. un. with i : (S,
Msb, K, &c. :) I Aar says, [you say,] ,j-» SXjI
Aii and ^tc ^>o JaA< and Lit y>« * — *» . (Sh.)

oXj*n)I «_>U~0l occurs in the Kur in four chapters :
[xv. 78 and xxvi. 17G and xxxviii. 12 and 1. 13 :]
(Sgh :) he who reads thus means, by the latter
word, rt^>;iill [explained above, and also signify-
ing the thicket, or collection of tangled trees,
&c.] ; (S, K ;) or the tangled, or luxuriant, or
abundant and dense, trees : (TA :) another read-
ing is a£J ; accord, to which, this is the name
of die town [in which the people here mentioned
dwelt] : (S, K :) or, as some say, the two words
are [applied to the same place,] like iSL> and <&o :
(8 :) but Zj says that another reading is allow-
able, and very good ; i. e. Jjy wjU~oI, as being
originally *SJ*$\ ; for the Arabs say, j3 j+»J\
^^U. and ^iV j+»J for ^»— "ill ; so that i£J
is likej^lj. (TA.)

JjJ Jbl, (^, TA,) like Jii», (TA, [agreeably
with' the verb, but in the Cg Jul,]) is a phrase
in which the latter word signifies j«~o [Putting
forth fruit ; &c.] : (^, TA :) or, as some say,

137

it is an intensive epithet [signifying very abundant
or luxuriant or tangled tec.]. (M, TA.)

J*'

Jj\ a name of God; (Lth, T, 8, M, KL ;) %

Hebrew word ; (Lth, S ;) or Syriac : (S :) it is a

dial. var. of Jt [q. v.] : or the latter may be

an arabicized form of the former : (Az, TA :)

Ibn-El-Kelbce says that J&*r and &>&*• ">d

(<•/•* »•»*•«

the like arc similar to alii Jmc and i j\+~- J }\ j~t- ;

(M ;) [and J says,] they arc like <&S\ j-t and
MJJti: (S:) so that^ signifies "servant,"
and is prefixed to JjI, governing it in the gen.
case : (M :) but this is not a valid assertion ; for
were it so, such names would be perfectly dccl. :
(M in art. Jl :) Suh says, in the R, that J«5j->»-
is Syriac, and means ^A»».yi ju*, or j^jxH J-*,
as is related on the authority of I Ab : that most
persons hold ^1 in this case to be a name of
God: but that some hold names of this kind
to be constructed inversely, after the manner of
the language of the Ajam ; Jj\ meaning servant.

(TA. [See what is said of Jl.])

ZXj\ : sec art. Jjt.

J^JUI [written by some JjiiJ] One of the
Greek [or Syriaii] montJa; (T,»M,Kzw;) the last
thereof [corresponding with September, O.S.].
($zw.)

• , f • . • «£ til * i

JUI: «U: Jjf: JjI: JjI: see art. JjI.

^-'
1. ^l, ( (T,M,Mgh,^,) aor.^, (T,?,)
inf. n. <CjI, (T, M, Mgh,]jC,) or this is a simple
subst., (Msb,) and <UjI and^l and j,#\, (M,
K,) She had no husband; said of a virgin and
of one who is not a virgin; (IAar, T, M, Mgh,
$ ;) as also t C^tf (Lth, T, M) and * C^UJI :
(M :) or, as some say, ♦ w»«jU signifies site lost
her husband by his death, she being still fit for

husbands, having in her a renuiining force of

- t* t • '*
youth : (T :) and you say, ly^j ,>• c-»l, aor.

^,,13, inf. n. <UjI and ^,,^1 and >^jl, (8, TA,
[accord, to the former app. signifying the same
as <z~ ol alone as explained above : or]) meaning
she became bereft of her husband by his death,
or by his being slain, and remained without
marrying. (TA.) And J»\, (T, S, Msb,) aor.
J*&, (T, Msb,) inf. n. £*f, (T,) 7J< Aod no
wife : (T, Mfb :) or he lost his wife by her
death : (8/ £,• and Ham p. 650 :) and he did
not marry; as also t^O. (Ham ubi supra.)
It is said of the Prophet, in a trad., iyU< q\£»
<Ci*^l i>« (T,S) TJe used to pray for preservation
from remaining long without a wife. (T.) And
Yezeed Ibn-El-Hakam Eth-Thakafcc says,

j '.•» tt > t

0, •- i I

(8) i. e. Every man, the wife will be bereft of
him by his death, or he will be bereft of her
by her death. (Ham p. 531.) One says also,

18

138

*m »* ■

jS*) j\ «1 U, meaning [ What aileth him ?] May
hit wife and hit cattle die, or perith, to that he
shall have no wife (j^j ^J^-) and be vehemently
detirout of milh (^-*i). (S, 1£ : [in the CK,
erroneously, >Uj j,\ ; and in a MS. copy of the

2. all a»jI inf. n. ^U, Corf made him to have
no wife. (K,» TK.) And Sljjl c^l, inf. n. as
above ; (Ham p. 11, and TA; # ) or *£u"l, like
lyl*£l ; (T, 8 ;) JT m«<& the woman to be a
widow, by tlaying her husband. (T,* S, and
Ham ubi supra.) Taitbata-sharra says,

got I • »•£' .#.* • ' •«£'

SjJt C««,Tjlj Ul^_i C*»jU *

[/t«</ J MM mo(/« women widows, by shying
their husbands ; and children fatherless]. (TA.)

4. SI^JI w-oll : see 2.

O. C.««jU and jfi^i : see 1, in three places.
The former is also explained as signifying She
became forlorn (w^J) o//jer husband. (K in
art. ^5—.) And also, (TA,) or UUj c-^li,
(ISk, T, S,) S/ie remained some time without
marrying. (ISk, T, 8, TA.) And ^0, (Msb,
£,) or UUj ^U, (ISk, T, S,) He remained tome
time without marrying. (ISk, T, S, Msb, 1£.)

8. 0-»UjJ, written with the disjunctive alif
<^i\: see 1. — l££3T, (M,»:,) like \:'S',
(TA,) / tooh her at my wife, the being what it
termed ^\ [without a husband]. (M, £.)

'•! • -.- 4 i ' - - '

jgl\ is a contraction of U(^t, meaning •-£ ^1:

it is thus in the saying, ^*yli yk ^1 [TFAat

(A/th/ m i<, *kcA a one ?] : and JyU ^1 [ FPfctf

fAi*«</ «ayart r/iou?]. (TA.)™*bT^i [for ^^J'l

<S»I] : see in art. ^>»^. (#.)

--« Ait
^^t, for _>lt : see art. jt\.

sec Ul : i

: mid Lot.

U->l : sec Ul.

uUj' A man w/iom wj/b Aa* d»W: and i-^l
A woman whose husband hat died: pi. ^Jtty,
of both ; like as ^f/SLi is pi. of ijtjSLi : accord,
to ISk, ,-iVJ is originally ^Ql. (Mfb.) [See
akro^l.] OW L»W are epithets applied to a
man, (M, 1£, TA,) meaning Whose wife [and
cattle] have died or perished [so that he has no
wife and it vehemently detirout of milh ; as shown
above ; see 1, last signification] : (TA :) the
former relates to wives ; and the latter, to milk :

(?. ¥» TA :) fern. ^^ ^^t->U applied to a
woman. (M,K.)

jri) A woman having no husband ; (Lth,T, S,
M, Mgli, Msb, R ;) whether the be a virgin or
not ; (IAar, T, 8, M, Mgh, K. j) or whether the
have married before or not; (Sgh, Msb;) as
also i*jl; (Msb;) [said to be] applied to one
who hat not married: (IAar, T:) or if not a
eirgin ; accord, to [the Imam] Mohammad ;
agreeably with a reading of a trad, by which the
*t\ is distinguished from the virgin : (Mgh :)
also, the former, a man having no wife; (S, M,

Mgh, Msb, K;) whether he have married before
or not : (S, Sgh, K :) or who lias not married :
(IAar, T :) pi. J»C\ (S, M, $) and >Jl ; (M,
K. ;) the latter of which is the original form :
(S, M :) [or both, accord, to the Msb, are pis.
°' 0^i'» 1* v - an d 0>*i' ' s a pl« applied to
men, and «1>UjI applied to women: and <UI, also,
signifying men having no wh-cs, is pi. of *«5t for
jf>\. (TA.)__Also A free woman: (K :) pi.,
in this sense also, ^y^Cl, used in this sense in
the Kur xxiv. 32, (T, TA,) accord, to some.
(TA.)__And A female relation; (K;) in which
sense also ^Ul is pi. ; (T, TA ;) meaning such
'*U the daughter and the sister and the maternal
aunt. (T, K:.)

J\\ sce^t.

i^U vj^t (T, S, M, Msb, K) ;UJJ (M, K)
War is a cause of widowing to women ; it slays
the men, and leaves the wives without husbands.
(T, S, M, Msb.)

•• t '

***ty* A rich, or wealthy, woman, or one

possessing competence or sufficiency, having no
husband. (Sgh, K.)

^U : see <UI, in art. jft.

en'

1. ,jl, [aor. 0^i>] mf. n. ^jj\, [in a copy of the

Msb, Jul, aor. ^;L», inf. n. ^jl, but as this is at
variance with all other authorities known to me,
I regard it as a mistranscription,] lie was, or
became, fatigued, or tired : (T, M :) so says IAar :
(T :) and As says the like : (TA, from a marginal
note in a copy of the S :) [sec also what I have
ci^ed from the Mughncc voce ,jl , last sentence :]
in proof of this, IAar cites the following ex., from
a poet :

• ^-.UiJI ,>aJUUI w»j^ lit •

[ We were, or have become, fatigued, by the Lord
of the lean and lank-bellied youthful she-camels] :
but Lth says that there is no verb derived from
^>jl, in this sense, except in poetry : (T :) Aboo-
Mohammad says that the only instance is that

cited above : (TA :) [it is not disputed that] ,>jt

signifies fatigue, or the being fatigued or tired :

(S, K :) AZ says that it has no verb formed from

it ; but on this point he has been contradicted :

(S :) A 'Obeyd also says that it has no verb.

* — > * % tt

(M.)s=,j!, aor. c*ri> > n f- "• c^'i (S, M, Msb,

K, ice, [but see what follows,]) also signifies Its

time came ; (<C5) ^1 ;) as also .jit : (Bd lvii. 15:)

it was, or became, present : it came, or attained,

to itt time; to its full, or final, lime, or state; to

maturity: it wat, or became, or drew, near : syn.

^J I : (M :) and jj>l ; like .Jl : (Ham p. 455 :)
and,jU.: (S, M,Msb,IjL:) and ._>». (Mughnee
voce OJ-) You say, \j£s Jjmo ^1 J\i Jjl, aor.
and inf. n. as above, (AZ, S,) i. e. ^L. [The time
hat come, or hat drawn near, for thee to do, or
that thou thouldtt do, such a thing] ; like ^Jl :
and it is formed from it by transposition: (S :)

[Book I.

[l. e.] ^_JI is formed by transposition from ,jl :
(Msb:) or ^1 is a dial. var. of .Jl; not formed
from it by transposition, [nor is the reverse the
case,] because of the existence of the inf. n. [of
each] : (M :) or ,j1 is formed by transposition
from jJI, because the latter has an inf. n. and the
former has not : so says As : for ^1 docs not
belong to this ; its meaning being only ILtl and

«^<ju: or, aceord. to AZ, ,jl has an inf. n., namely

* *'

,jjl ; and if the case be so, the two [verbs] are

equal; neither being the original of the other:
(IJ in the Kliasais :) Suh, in the R, asserts that
,jl is formed by transposition from .Jl : (TA:)
the assertion of El-Bckroe, that ^1 is originally
with ^ [for its medial radical letter], and that it is
of the class of ^lj, aor. v _Jj, requires considera-
tion, and involves what is contrary to rule. (MF.)
You say also, ilCl ^T, (S, M, K,) and &A. (M,
K,) and ib'T, (S, K,) i. c. iU- ^U- [Thy time,
or season, came, or hath come : or drew near, or
hath drawn near], (S, M, K.)

£j\i see sj4l. — \J*$\ is a noun denoting the
present time ; (S, M, Msb, K ;) [signifying At
the present time; 7iow ; for] it is an adverbial
noun ; (S, Msb, K ;) one which, in a place where
it is fitting to l>c used as such, may not be used
otherwise ; occurring in a determinate sense ; (S,
K ;) the Jl being inseparable from it ; (IJ, M,
Mfb ;) not prefixed to it for the purpose of ren-
dering it determinate, because it has not that
which participates in its meaning : (S, Msb, K :)
as Ibn-Es-Sarraj says, there is not one ^1 and
another ,jl : (Msb:) [accord, to IS<1, who quotes
a long disquisition by IJ on this word,] the Jl
which is expressed in this case is redundant,
because the noun is determinate without it, but it
is rendered so by another Jl, which is understood,
us in the case of ^^-ol : so says IJ, following
Aboo-'Alec ; and his is the correct opinion : (M")
Fr says that it is a particle, compounded with Jl,
which is inseparable from it ; and that it is

originally ^1^1 [or ols*^'] : or tnat lt ma y have

.. • , •»#» • t »» »«

originated from the phrase Jjuu ,jl iU ^1 [ex-
plained above], and is therefore mnnsoob, like
JJ and Jl» when used as nouns : but Zj disallows
its originating from ,jt ; and says that the right
opinion is that of Kb, that ^1 is indecl. with
fct-h for its termination, and that the Jl is pre-
fixed because the meaning is oJyt I J* ; and
this is the opinion of Sb. (T.) You say, SfflW

' ' j > at

IJA J*»l .[/, at the present time, or now, do,
or mill do, thus, or tuch a thing]. (M.) And
oju* (j^l vi~^>, meaning I was, in this time, of
which par} it present and some portions have
patted, with him, or in hit presence. (IJ, M.)
And when you mean the kind of expression

which is used in this saying, you say, j^- ^j^t
j,>JUpl [The term " now" it the limit of the two
times; namely the past and the future]; thus
pronounced, marfooa: so says IJ: but in the

Book of Sb we read, g>eiU>II j*. £fj\ with
nasb : and in like manner, in tho same, jiii ^)\
[Now is thy time] ; the former with nasb and the

Book I.]

latter with rcfa. (M.) You say also, ^<jl I Jut.
^j^)l ['Am u <A« present time] : and ^1 w ■■'■«■ U
O"^' Ols'> moaning 7/ cawie no< save at the present
time, or now : with the last word mansoob in both
instances. (ISh.T.) [ And £$ ,J\ and C$\yJ^-
To the present time and until the present time;
i. e. hitherto. And ^*^t s j^ From the present
time; henctfonvard.] Sometimes the hemzeh
(after the J] is suppressed, and its vowel is trans-
ferred to the J ; so that you say ^"^1. (Bd ii.66.)
And sometimes also the J is pronounced with
fet-h and both the hemzchs are suppressed ; so
that you say &*). (S, K.) And sometimes O
is prefixed to it, like os it is to i>e*""> so that you
siiy 0^> l" 40 *■ y° u ^y vlx*" 3 - (El-Umawcc,
A'Obeyd. [Sec art. o^-])

j>jl Fatigue. (S, K, &c.) [Whether it be a
simple subst., or an inf. n., and, if the latter,
wlicther it be an inf. n. of ^J\ only in the former
of the two senses assigned to that verb above, or
in both these senses, is doubted: see 1, through-
out.] mm A time; a season; syn. ^>^«-; (S, M,
K;) as also t^l (M,K) and t £,£ (S, K.)
[Sec 1, last sentence]

^1 is an adverbial noun, (Msb,) an interroga-
tive rcs|>cctin<; a place: (S, M, Msb, K :) [signi-
fying Where? in what place?]: Zj says that it
is an interrogative particle, like \J>^>: (T:) [ISd
says,] it is a noun, because you say, ^j\ ^yt
[meaning From what place? whence?]: (M :)
[and you say also, ^1 ^1 To what place?
whither?]: it is always mansoob, unless you
prefix the article to it, saying (Jj^I [which means
The place where]: (Lth, T:) itisfem.'; but may
be made inasc. (Lb, M.) You say, j^j ^1
Where, or in what place, is Zeyd? (S, Msb.)
And «1>V^ ijj\ [Where is thy house, or tent?].
(M.) And 2k( «_-JkJ^ j>>l, which may mean
Where, or whither, milt thou be taken away, and
what will he done with thee and made to come to
pass with thee, if this be thine intellect? or,
accord, to Mtr, it is a saying of the people of
Baghdad, addressed to him whom they charge
with foolish judgment or opinion, as meaning

^j\ [Wlierc, or whither, is thine

intellect taken away ?]. (Har p. 574.) [And
jjli ,>. ljuk J>jI and J)\i o* and iJlij What
place does this hold in relation to that, or in com-
parison with that? what is this in relation to
that, or in comparison with that ? what has this
to do with that ? what has this in common with

that?]— .It also denotes a condition : when you

• » t » • * •• at
say, u-i»-l e ri fc 1 4>»l [Where thou sittest, I will

sit], the sitting must be in one place: and U is

added to it ; so that you say, j£\ ^iJ \^j\ [ Wher-
ever thou standest, I will statid]. (Ms b.) _ It
also occurs used as a proper name of a particular
place : thus the poet Homeyd Ibn-Thowr speaks
of his companions as being V*obj ^>jL> [app.
meaning In certain places : where and wherever
those places were, there were my companions] : in
which case it is divested of the meaning of an
interrogative, and is imperfectly decl. because

determinate and of the fern, gender. (M, L. [In

. . H - it

one copy of the former, 1*^1) (VW; which may

2 I ..»t- a f

mean the same ; and voce ■ *!, q. v., U^Jj i^W-])

• • M

^»l : see v^»l.

. at ' i a,

(jUI, (T, S, M, &c.,) of the measure JU», or

it may be of the measure 0>^**> (Msb,) also pro-
nounced ♦^Ul , (T, S, M, K,) the latter of the
dial, of Suleym, mentioned by Fr, (T, S,) and by
Zj, (M,) is an interrogative respecting a time, (T,
S, Msb,) but only respecting a time not come :
(T:) signifying When? (S, M,Msb;) at what
time? (Msb, K:) it is fern.; but maybe made
masc. : (Lh, M :) and it may be pronounced with
imaleh, though not belonging to a class of words
regularly subject to imaleh. (TA.) It is said in
the Kur [xvi. 22 and xxvii. 67], accord, to dif-

ferent readings, iJ^Jtrf oW' or *Cfa& {When they
shall he raised to life] ; (T, S, M ;) i. e. when
shall be the resurrection. (Aboo-Is-hak, T.) But
you may not say, Jli cJbu ^bl as meaning

When didst thou that? (T.) IJ says that,

were it syn. with ^o, it would be conditional ;
whereas it was not mentioned by his colleagues
amorxr the adverbs used conditionally, as ,-Z* and
i>>l &c. : but sometimes it has a conditional
meaning, though that meaning be not explicit.
(M.) A poet says,

A .

it

lit 3 \Jjfi. ^U JJLi^i JU\

•'* •* A

I) J- Jfi ^ ^ 0- N J< *>) jJ J

{When we grant thee security, thou wilt be secure
from others than us ; and when thou obtainett
not security from us, thou milt not cease to be in
a state of fear]. (I 'Ak p. 300.)

» a » at

(jut : see (jOt, in two places.

,jjt part. n. of ^1 in both its senses.

%, - , ,t

iij\ : see ijUI.

O'J'

<ol

2. \tf 4^1, (S, TA,) and, accord, to some, _^,

(TA,) and «v, (K,» TA,) inf. n. ijs, (S, K,) He

cried out to, or shouted to, and called, (S, K, TA,)

them, namely, camels, (S, TA,) and, accord, to

some, horses, and men, (TA,) and him, (]£, TA,)

namely, a camel: (TA:) or <u <ut signifies he

said to him, namely, a man, and a horse, »lyj_j

[Ho ! On !] : (A 'Obeyd :) and he said to him,

i*l At «
namely, a man, J».yt lyjl [O thou man] : (K:)

or he called him, namely, a man, as though lie said
to him, J*»jJt \j\ \j : (IAth :) and he cried out
to him, or at him ; or drove him away with
crying or a cry ; namely, an object of the chase.
(TA.)

-•t ,.,

[<^l would seem to be a dial. var. of <t> « : for

it is said that] uXyjt is syn. with «iAyi.j. (K : [but

*•# tot ' 'it

see 4jj.]) = I v jI : see <Z\>\.

m

ajI , with the » quiescent, is a word used in
chiding, or checking; meaning A \ -■ [Sufficient
for thee is such a thing; &c]. (ISd, K.)__
\yt\ signifies, (S, K,) as also <ol , (K,) a command

139

to be silent, (S,K,) and to abstain; (S, TA;)
i.e. lie silent J and abstain, or desist: (TA :)
both are used in chiding, or checking : and «u* is
used in the place of <ut. (Lth, TA.) You say
[also,] Ut lyjt Be silent, and abstain from [trou-
bling] us. (S, TA.) And C$~ \J* Ci' Abstain
thou from [troubling] me now. (AZ, TA.) —
lyjt also occurs as meaning / hold that to be true,
and approve it. (IAth, TA.) = <o1 , as also «ul
and *u\ , is a word denoting a desire, or demand,
for one to add, or to give, or do, more ; (Lth,
K ;) and a desire for one to speak : (K :) it (i. e.
<sul) is an imperative verbal noun, (S,) indecl.,
with kesr for its termination : (K. :) you say to a
man, when you desire, or demand, his telling or
saying more of a [certain] story or subject of dis-
course, or his doing more of a [certain] deed, *^l ,
with kesr. to the » ; (S ;) [i. e. Tell me, or say,
more of this ; say on ; go on, or proceed, with
this; or do more of this;] and JjoI ajJ [Go on,
or proceed, mith this ; do it] ; (AZ ;) smd for
ajJ, you say, <*-» : (Lth:) but when you mako
no interruption after it, you pronounce it with
tenween, (ISk, S, K,) and say «*!, (ISk, S.)
which means U j*- [i. e. Tell us, or relate to us,
something] ; (Ks, Lh, ISk,* S;*) and for this
one says <u*, by substitution of one letter for
another: (Ks, Lh :) or it means jj [i. e. tell, or
say, or do, something more] ; and oU [i. e. give,

or relate, something]; (Har p. 592 ;) and^JXJ
[i. e. speah]. (Idem p. 419.) In the following
saying of Dhu-r-Rummch,

[ We stopped, and me said, Tell us some tidings :
inform us (Lj^tkt being app. understood) respect-
ing Umm-Sdlim : but what is the case (meaning
what is the use) of speaking to the vacant dwell-
ings?], he has used the word without tenween,
though making no interruption after it, because

he intended a pause. (ISk, S.) Ibn-Es-Seree

u' .
says, When you say, ^^j l* *t\ , you only com-
mand him to tell you more of the subject of
discourse known to you and him, as though
you said, w-gjLaJt uU [ Give, or relate, the story,
or narrative, O man]: but if you say, «u1, with

tenween, it is as though you said, U Uj j— OU
[Give, or relate, some story or narrative], because
the tenween renders indeterminate : and Dhu-r-
Rummeh meant the tenween, but omitted it
through necessity. (S.) As says that I)hu-r-
Rummeh has committed a mistake ; the expres-
sion of the Arabs being only <^t [in a case of this
kind] : ISd says, the truth is, that it is without
tenween when determinate, and with tenween
when indeterminate ; and that Dhu-r-Rummeh
asks the ruins to tell him more of a known
story, as though he said, Relate to us the story,
or tell us the tidings: (TA :) Aboo-Bekr Ibn-
Es-Sarraj says, citing this verse, that <ul is not
known in a case of this kind without tenween
in any of the dialects ; meaning that it is never
conjoined with a following word unless it be
with tenween. (IB, TA.)

18*

140

.«
Vil : ice what next follows.

* ■ •* - *•'

Olyj' i. ^. oVye* [/Tatr, or ^ar from being

believed or from the truth, is such a thing: or

remoteness; or remoteness from being believed or

from the truth, is to be attributed to such a

thing] : as also * oC'> (§> $») and * CM, (K,
TA, in the C1£. 0*w'>) [ and *«veral other dial,
vars., for which see oV«*»l and " WA (TA ;

and so in some copies of the S and K ; in other
copies of these, * 1^1 ; [but the former is app.
the right ;]) with the ^ [or the O] suppressed,
(TA,) which is said in pronouncing [a thing] to
be remote [whether in a proper or a tropical sense] :
(S,TA:) TIi explains ~OVi' ■■ meaning j-ju>
Jiii : A A explains it as meaning Jii't -uu>, making

it a verbal noun ; and this is the correct cxplann-

j pi
tion : (TA :) or tlie meaning is jk*JI, [as I have

[Book I.

indicated above,] (K in art. *e»,) but this is only
when J is prefixed to what follows it, as Sb says.
(TA. '[Sec i>C*.])

^V^l and (jlyjt : sec £t\p, in three places.

4->l Having a strong, or loud, voice ; and
vigilant, or wary. (Ham p. 075.)

.it i t

lyjl : sec (^1 ; last jK>rtion of the paragraph.

[Book I.]

The second letter of the alphabet : called l\ a "d
V ; (TA in ii^l .JU^I vW }) the latter of which
forms is used in spelling ; like as are its analogues,
as U [and ] and U. [and U. and \j] and U» [and
U» and l» and U] and L> ; because in this case
they arc not generally regarded as nouns, but
as mere sounds : (Sb, M :) [those are generally
pronounced with imuleh, i. c. be, te, &c, with
the exception of U., U-, U», and U» ; and when
they are regarded as nouns, their duals are ,jL^,
^0, kc. :] the pi. of 'V is C>t'»W ? and that of
C is l\Z\. (TA nbi supra.) It is one of the
letters tcrmcil » JJt i> * [or vocal, l. e. pronounced
with the voice, and not with the breath only] ;
and of those termed & ty k!» [or labial] ; and of
those tenncd JJ> [or pronounced with the ex-
tremity of the tongue or the li|>s] : Kli says that
the letters of the second und Ulird classes above
mentioned [the latter of which comprises the
former] arc those composing the words ^» ^jj
\J& ; and on account of their easiness of utterance,
they abound in the comi>osition of words, so that
no perfect quinquclitci-ul-radicul word is without
one or more of them, unless it is of the class
termed Jty>, not of the classical language of
the Arabs. (TA at the commencement of w>W

,Ut.) In the dial, of Mii/.in, it is changed into

^» ; (TA ubi supra;) as in iSL>, which thus becomes
iSU [the town of Mekkch]. (TA in uU^I vW
i^XM.) = ,_» is a preposition, or particle govern-
ing Uie gen. case ; (8, Mughncc, £ ;) having
kesr for its invariable termination because it is
imjtossiblf to begin with a letter after which one
makes a pusc ; (S ;) o'r, correctly speaking,
bavin" a vowel for its invariable termination
because it is impossible to begin with a quiescent
letter; and having kesr, not fet-h, to make it
accord with its government [of the gen. case],
and to distinguish between it und that which is
both a noun and a particle. (IB.) It is used
to denote adhesion (Sb, T, S, M, Mughnce, K)
of the verb to its objective complement, (S,)
or of a noun or verb to that to which it is itself
prefixed ; (TA ;) and adjunction, or association :
(Sb, T :) and some say that its meaning of de-
noting adhesion is inseparable from it ; and there-
fore Sb restricted himself to the mention of this
meaning: (Mughncc:) or Sb says that its pri-
mary meaning is that of denoting adhesion and
mixture. (Ibn-Es-Saigh, quoted in a marginal
note in a copy of the Mughnee.) It denotes adhe-
sion [kc] in the proper sense ; (Mughnce, K ;) as
in ji'ji cJLil, (M, Mughncc, K,) meaning
J laid hold upon, or seized, [Zeyd, or] somewhat
of the body of Zeyd, or what might detain him,
as an arm or a hand, or a garment, and the lihe;
whereas V" c t 1 may mean I withheld him, or

restrained him, from acting according to his own
free will : (Mughnce :) and it denotes the same
in a tropical sense; (Mughncc, K;) as in Jr e
«4>* [I "passed by Zeyd] ; (S, Mughnce, K ;) as
though meaning I made my passing to adhere
to Zeyd; (S;) or I made my passing to adhere
to a place near to Zeyd: accord, to Akh, it is
for juj .JU Ojj^ ; but 4^ <^>jj* ls morc common
than <ui* Ojj-«, and is therefore more properly
regarded as the original form of expression :
(Mughncc :) accord, to F, the vowel of this pre-
position is kesr [when it is prefixed to a noun
or a pronoun] ; or, as some say, it is fct-h when
it is with a noun properly so called ; as in j^,}i y>:
so in the K ; this being the reverse of what they
have prescribed in the case of [the preposition]
J : but in the case of ._>, no vowel but kesr is
known. (MP.) It denotes the same in the saying
l\) du [In him is a disease; i. c. a disease is
cleaving to him]: and so [accord, to some] in
JilXt cX M [I swore, or, emphatically, I swear,
by God; and similar phrases, respecting which
see a later division of this paragraph]. (L.) So,
too, in Ab^ iV-l, because meaning lie associated
another with God : and in 0*^*f ^=}> mean-
ing I associated a J-£»j [or factor kc] with
such a one. (T.) [And so in other phrases here
following.] juji iQft Keep thou to Zeyd: or
take thou Zeyd. (TA voce ^ic.) \& iU* Keep
thou to such a iking : (El-Munawcc :) or take thou
such a thing. (Ham p. 21G.) <?*+**} H-f» Kee P
thou to it, \*i meaning \i JXAai, (Mgh in art.
„«*>,) [or let him keep to it, i. e. \f **U*,] or
thou hast tahen to, or ado]>ted and followed, or
adhered to, the established way, or the way esta-
blished by the Propfiet, i. e. Z>j»-\ £->V*, ( M gh>)
or he hath talien to, kc, i. e. j*.l i^JW»> (IAth,
TA in art. j^l>,) or by this practice, or action,
is excellence attained, or he will attain excellence,

i. e. J-LiJI JUj aiiill j>\ aLaJJl »Jv(*» or J^i
J^AM ; (IAth ubi supra ;) and excellent is the
practice, the established way, or the way esta-
blished by the Prophet, »i«^t»^ meaning <~ - +* h
&Ljt iiJJjl, (Mgh,) or and excellent is the
practice, or the action, i. e. IX *i H C ^i j, (S

and K. in art. _^su,) or ibudl ^1 JU - aa . l i <?**>} '•
(IAth ubi supra :) and it also occurs in a trad.,
where the meaning is [He who hath done such
a thing hath adhered to the ordinance of indul-
gence ; and excellent is the practice, or action,
kc. : for here lyJ is meant to imply] <U»».y If
ji.1. (TA in the present art. See also art^.)
It is also used to render a verb transitive;

(Mughnce, K ;) having the same effect as hemzch
[prefixed], in causing [what would otherwise be]
the agent to become an objective complement;

as in j*ij> w~*3 syn. with aiJkjt [I made Zeyd
to go away ; or I took him away\; (Mughnce;)
and hence, [in the Kxlt ii. 10,] jo^jyi *"' *r**i
[God taheth away their light]; (Mughnee, 1£ ;)
which refutes the assertion of Mbr and Suh, that
jujj C~*3 means [J went away with Zeyd;
i. e.] i" accompanied Zeyd in going away.
(Mughncc.) J says that any verb that is not
tnins. you may render so by means of «J and 1
[prefixed] and reduplication [of the medial radical
letter] : you say, <y jU» and »)U»I and «j*b [as
meaning lie made kin to fly, or to fly away]:
but IB says that this is not correct as of common
application ; for some verbs arc rendered trans,
by means of hemzch, but not by reduplication ;
and some by reduplication, but not by hemzeh ;
and some by ^», but not by hemzeh nor by re-
duplication : you say, }j+*i \j*ij cwj [as mean-
ing i" made 'Amr to repel Zeyd, lit. I repelled
Zeyd by 'Amr], but not Aie^l nor <ti*i>. (TA.)
_ It also denotes the employing a thing as an
aid or instrument; (S, M,* Mughncc, K ;•) as
in ^U!L> c-tl^* [J wrote with the reed-pen] ;
(S, Mughnee, J£ ;) and >jji)0 Oj--» [I worked
as a carpenter with the adz] ; (Mughnce, 1£ ;)
and oL_JU *Z~tj*o [I struck with the sword].
(M.) And hence the ^> in A)\ ^->, (Mughnee,
K,) accord, to some, because the action [before
which it is pronounced] is not practicable in the
most perfect manner but by means of it: (Mugh-
nee :) but others disallow this, because the name
of God should not be regarded as an instrument :
(MF, TA :) and some say that the ^> here is
to denote beginning, as though one said, IjJjI
dill jr- j [I begin with the name of God]. (TA.)
_ It also denotes a cause ; as in j- ^JM J**-^\
J^jjf^^iUjC j& -i*\ [ Verily ye have wronged
yourselves by, i. e. because of, your taking to
yourselves the calf as a god (ljLur ii. 51)] ; and

in aJJl/ U Jui.t ySLi [And every one of these we
have punished for, i. e. because of, his sin (J£ur
xxix. 39)] ; (Mughnee, Jt ;) and in J*- J* O*
dJLoJu ilaJI ^Js jk»-l [Not any of you shall enter
Paradise by, or for, or because of, his works],
(TA from a trad.) And bo in j—y\ j*}* c~*J
I met, or found, by reason of my meeting, or
finding, Zeyd, the lion : (Mughnee :) or the ^
in this instance denotes comparison ; [i. e. I met,
or found, in Zeyd the like of the lion;] as also
in j*«)l £fMi Oolj [I saw in such a one the

142

like of the moon]. (TA.) Another ex. of the
same usage is the saying [of a poet],

tTAeir camel* had been watered became of the
brand that they bore : for fire, or the brand,
sometime* cure* of the heat of thirst] ; i. e.,
because of their being branded with the names
[or marks] of their owners, they had free access
left them to the water. (Mughnce. See also
another reading of this verse voce j\i.) [In like
manner] it is used iu the sense of J*. I s j^ [which
means v ......» (Msb in art. J+\)] in the saying

of Lebced,

* V.I.UI le-ljj ^jJI ^ •

(S) Thich-neched men, like lions, wAo threat-
ened one another because of rancorous feelings, as
though they were the Jinn of the vnllcy El-Dedee,
[or o/ f/i« desert, (TA in art. .jj*,)] their feet
standing firm in contention and obstinate alterca-
tion. (EM pp. 174 and 175.) It is also used to
denote a cause when prefixed to jjt, and to U j
as in M ol& Oyj&4 iyV£»^& £}> [That was
because they used to disbelieve in the signs of
Ood]; and in \yac L^ iJU^ [That was because
they disobeyed] : both instances in the Kur ii. 58.
(Bd.)_ It is also used to denote concomitance,
as syn. with ju. ; (Mughnee, K ;) as in cJjiil
*^j"i *Y>W^I cry*" [<•' bought the horse with hi*
bit and bridle and his saddle] ; (TA ;) and in

«r»/* p^T^V L»il» *•*» '• e- W*«» *• * am "»« ad-
vancing with the weapon, [he fled;] or when he
saw me possessor of a weapon; (Sh, T ;) and in
>Ol— y Ix-aI [Descend thou with security, or roi</»
greeting (IjLur xi. 50)] ; and in ji&W lji±o Jij
[jPA«y having entered with unbelief (Kur v. 66)] ;
(Mughnce, K ;) jJk53V being a denotative of state.
(Bd.) Authors differ respecting the ^t in the
saying, i^j •»*»-< £"t~*» in the £ ur t xv - " and
ex. 3] ; some saying that it denotes concomitance,
and that » » «■» is prefixed to the objective comple-
ment, so that the meaning is, ai Ij^U. tm . i
[ Declare thou his (thy Lord's) freedom from
everything derogatory from his glory, praising
dim], i. c. declare thou his freedom from that
which is not suitable to Him, and ascribe to Him
that which is suitable to Him ; but others say that
it denotes the employing a thing as an aid or
instrument, and that j^m. is prefixed to the agent,
so that the meaning is, < U <u * t ~ Lo_i + m - ■
[declare thou his (thy Lord's) freedom from
everything derogatory from his glory by means of
ascribing to Him that wherewith He hath praised
himself] : and so, too, respecting the saying,
A m ,m a j^mS J\i\m~~* ; some asserting that it is
one proposition, the j being redundant ; but others
saying, it is two propositions, the 3 being a con-
junction, and the verb upon which the ^> is
dependent being suppressed, so that the meaning
is, [/ declare thy freedom from everything dero-

gatory from thy glory, O Ood,] JlZL 1', 'U*^ L
[and with the praising of Thee, or by means of
the praise that belongeth to Thee, I declare thy
freedom &c.]. (Mughnce. [Other explanations
of these two phrases have been proposed; but
those given above arc the most approved.]) You
also say, y ^ie, meaning Bring thou him, [i. c.]

come with him, to me. (Har p. 100.) ' *i^ cJU»
• • * » • #•».-. r ' ^r , , ,

«-~!*y Wuij^l) in the Kur ix. 110, means \**-r>

[i. e. The earth became strait to them, with,
meaning notwithstanding, its amplitude, or spa-
ciousness]. (Bd.) Sometimes the negative "^
intervenes between ,_> [denoting concomitance]
and the noun governed by it in the gen. case ; [so
that •& signifies Without ;] as in jtj ^ cJL. [/
came without travelling-provision]. (Mughnce
and Kin art. •}.)—. It is also syn. with ^j before
a noun signifying a place or a time ; (Mughnce,*
K,* TA ;) as in ■>■. , *J V C w i» [/ *i< t» <A*
mo*7««] ; (TA ;) and jXn '&\'J±^ai Jjiij [And
verily Ood aided you against your enemies at
Bedr (Kur iii. 119)] ; and jLl* ^*\£L5 [We

saved them a little before daybrcah (Kur liv. 34)] :
(Mughnee, K, TA :) and so in o£3~J&\t> ( T >
K,) in the Kur [Ixviii. C], (TA,) accord, to some,
(T, Mughnee,) i. e. In which of you is madness ;
or in which of the two parties of you is the mad:
(Bd:) or the ^ is here redundant; (Sb, Bd,
Mughnee ;) the meaning being which of you is
he who is afflicted with madness. (Bd. [See also
a later division of this paragraph.]) _ It also
denotes substitution ; [meaning Instead of, or in
place of;] as in the saying [of the Hamascc
(Mughnee)],

[Then would tltat I had, instead of them, a people
who, when they mounted their beasts, poured the
sudden attach, tliey being horsemen and camel-
riders] ; (Ham p. 8, Mughnee, K ;) i. e., J^j £jj :
(TA :) but some read SJU^I Ijjji, [and so it is
in some, app., the most correct, of the copies of
the Mughnee,] for »J^i \}ji [hastened for the
making a sudden attack]. (Ham, Mughnce.)
00, too, in the saying, <u« l^»». w>jl)l IJl^ -~- h'r \
[I received, in the place of this garment, or ^jt'ece
of cloth, one better than it] ; and I^J jtj^ -.r-n S?
[I found, in the place ofZkyd, a man of abundant
generosity or beneficence] ; and ill j* I jJL [This is
instead, or in the place , of that ; but see another
explanation of this last phrase in what follows].
(The Lubab, TA.) — It also denotes requital ; or
the giving, or doing, in return ; (Mughnce, K ;)
and in this case is prefixed to the word signifying
the substitute, or thing given or done in exchange
[or return ; or to the word signifying tha' for
which a substitute is given, or for which a tiling
is given or done in exchange or return] ; (Mugh-
nee;) as in the saying, jjkp oU0 '^i^ [I pur-
chased it for a thousand dirhems]; (Mughnee,
K;*) [and in the saying in the Kur ix. 112,

[Book I.

i^-ll^ Verily God hath purchased of thcbelievers
their souls and their possessions for the price of

their having Paradise;] and i_««-ry ■* '•' . - I Cjlil^
[1 requited his beneficence with a like beneficence,
or with double, or more], (Mughnee,) or a3UI£>
AiL*.l Jbi i ^ [/ requited him with the like, or
with double the amount, or with more than double
the amount, of his beneficence], (K,) but the
former is preferable; (TA;) [and <lS*j j&Lf v»J>i.
(S and A &c. in art. ji.}) lie served for, meaning
in return for, the food of his belly ;] and

[Tliis is in return for that, (an explanation some-
what differing from one in the next preceding
division of this paragraph,) and no blame is im-
putable to fortune] : and hence, C-> fcajt UtL}\
^jj^*i^j£a [Enter ye Paradise in return for
tltat which ye wrought (Kur xvi. 34)] ; for the
w* here is not that which denotes a cause, as the
Moatezilch assert it to be, and as nil [of the Sun-
nccs] hold it to be in the saying of the Prophet,
4l**v i*~)t U=>*»-\ J±~*4 C* 3 [before cited and
explained]; because what is given instead of some-
thing is sometimes given gratuitously ; and it is
evident that there is no mutual opposition between
the trad, and the verse of the Kur-iin. (Mughnee.)
— It is also syn. with ^>* ; and is said to bo
peculiar to interrogation; as in jjj-A. «^ jCS
[And ask thou resjiecting Him, or it, one posses-
sing knowledge (Kur xxv. (50)] ; (Mughnee, K ;)
and accord, to IAar in the Kur Ixx. 1 ; (T;) and
in the saying of 'Alkamch,

j~±. ;L-JI i\^ ^j

* "* 9* *

[And if ye ask me respecting the diseases of
women, verily I am knowing in the disease's of
women, skilful] : (A'Obcyd, TA :) or it is not
peculiar to interrogation ; as in iCjl JS 1 ' Ji>.'j
jtitMlf [And the day when the heavens shall be
rent asunder from tlie clouds (Kur xxv. 27)] ;
(Mughnee, K ;) and Jpt Ji'jL U (K) i. e. What
hath beguiled thee from thy Lord, and from
believing in him ? in the K ur lxxxii. 6 ; and so
in the same, Ivii. 13: (TA: [but sec art. ji:])
or, accord, to Z, the ,_> in >»l*«JW means by, as by
an instrument ; (Mughnee ;) or it means because
of, or by means of, the rising of the clouds there-
from : (Bd :) and in like manner the Basrces
explain it as occurring in Ij***. a/ Jl-'li, as de-
noting the cause ; anfl they assert that it is never

, 9 .
syn. with ^ ; but their explanation is improbable.

(Mughnce.) — It is also syn. with ^J*. ; as in
jlkiiv iliu J,l (Mughnee, K») or jUjju (S) [//
thou give him, charge over a hundredweight or
over a deendr (Kur iii. 68)] ; like as ^Js. is
sometimes put in the place of ._», .is after this

verb ij&j : (S, TA :) and so in ^y> \j;^-3 £

j 91 9*
^jojty [That the ground were made even over

them], in the Kur [iv. 45], (TA,) i. e. that

Book I.]

they were buried ; (Bd ;) and in j->>/ Oj^*
[J passed by Zeyd), accord, to Akh, as before
mentioned ; (Mughnee, in the first division of the
art. on this preposition ;) and in --Ja-Jb j^j [Zeyd
is on the roof] ; (TA j) and in a verse cited in
this Lex. voce ^Jbw. (Mughnee.) __ It also
denotes part of a whole ; (Msb in art. u^>
Mughnee, K;) so accord, to As and AAF and
others; (Msb, Mughnee;) as syn. with ^y»:
(Msb, TA :) IKt says,* the Arabs say, «U* C-^i
\j£s, meaning a~o [I drank of such a water] ;
and AZ mentions, as a saying of the Arabs, jliL»
\J£» «U ^>o 4*1, meaning <y [iliay Cor/ 0iw </tce
to drink of such a water], thus making the two
prepositions syn. : (Msb : [in which five similar
instances are cited from poets ; and two of these
are cited also in the Mughnee:]) and thus it
signifies in M jU* \yt w>~i *•* [A fountain from
which the servants of God shall drink, in the
K«r hxvi. 0; and the like occurs in lxxxiii.28];
(Msb, Mughnee, K ;) accord, to the authorities
mentioned above; (Mughnee;) or the meaning
is, with which the servants of God shall satisfy
their thirst OwLfiri); (T, Mughnee;) or, accord,
to Z, with which the servants of God shall drink
wine : (Mughnee:) if the «_» were redundant, [as
some assert it to be, (Bd,)] the meaning would
be, that they shall drink the whole of it; which
is not right: (Msb:) thus, also, it is used in

l&J^yi \yLl*\) [in the Kur v. 8], (Msb, Mugh-
nee, K,) accord, to some ; (Mughnee ;) i. e. [And
wipe ye] a part of your heads; and this explana-
tion lias been given as oil the authority of Esh-
Shafi'cc ; but he is said to have disapproved it,
and to have held that the ^ here denotes adhesion :
(TA :) this latter is its apparent meaning in this
and the other instances : or, as some say, in this
last instance it is used to denote the employing a
thing as an aid or instrument, and there is an
ellipsis in the phrase, and an inversion ; the

meaning king, tWW j£~>hi '>■—•) [wipe ye
your heads with water], (Mughnee.)—. It is
nlso used to denote swearing; (Mughnee, K;)
and is the primary one of the particles used for this
purpose; therefore it is peculiarly distinguished
by its l»eing allowable to mention the verb with
it, (Mughnee,) as J^iii^' <u>W^_5l [7 swear by
God I will assuredly do such a thing] ; (Mugh-
nee, K ;) and by its being prefixed to a pronoun,
as in ijX'i'i ^ [My thee I will assuredly do
such a thing]; and by its being used in adjuring,
or conjuring, for the purpose of inducing one to
incline to that which is desired of him, as in
jjj J>\3 Jjk <&W, meaning I adjure thee, or con-
jure thee, by God, to tell me, did Zeyd stand?
(Mughnee.) [Sec also the first explanation of
this purticlc, where it is said, on the authority of
the L, that, when thus used, it denotes adhesion.]

It is also syn. with -Jl, as denoting the end

of an extent or interval; as in ^ »>-»** , > meaning
He did good, or acted well, to me: (Mughnee,
1C:) but some say that the verb here imports
the meaning of < Ji) [which is trans, by means
of v> *• e - '' e acte(i 9 racious ty> or courteously,

with me]. (Mughnee.) — It is also redundant,
(S, Mughnee, K,) to denote corroboration : (Mugh-
nee, K :) and is prefixed to the agent : (Mughnee:)
first, necessarily ; as in jkjj* O-^-' > (Mughnee,
K ;) accord, to general opinion (Mughnee) origi-
nally Ju'j ,>1^, i. e. o-l*- IJ jU [Zeyd became
possessed of goodness, or goodliness, or beauty] ;
(Mughnee, K ;•) or the correct meaning is k >-*-
JJj [Good, or goodly, or beautiful, or very good
&c, is Zeyd! or how good, or goodly, or beau-
tiful, is Zeyd!], as in the B: (TA:) secondly,
in most instances ; and this is in the case of the
agent of ^J&> ; as in Ij-yi *C>W t _ 5 ii» [God suf-
ficeth, being witness, or as a witness (Kur xiii.,
last verse; &c.)] ; (Mughnee, K ; [and a similar
ex. is given in the S, from the Kurxxv. 33;]) the
«_j here denoting emphatic praise ; but you may
drop it, saying, U«~v*i *&» ^=> • (Fr, TA:)
thirdly, in a case of necessity, by poetic licence ;
as in the saying,

, — • f f r t' '»

[Did not what the milch camel of the sons of
Ziyud experienced come to thee (iyU being
in like manner put for ioG) when tlie tidings
were increasing?]. (Mughnee,?!.) It is also
redundantly prefixed to the objective complement

of a verb ; as in a£i£jT ^t JA^W '>&• "^3

[And cast ye not yourselves (^^Cjjul* meaning

Jt £*■' f) to perdition (Kur ii. 191)] ; and in

iJUJI rjr I AJ\ i^>*3 [And shake thou towards
thee the trunk of the palm-tree (Kur xix. 25)] :
but some say that the former means and cast
ye not yourselves (^£~Ju\ being understood) with
your hands to perdition; or that the meaning
is, by means, or because, of your Itands : (Mugh-
nee :) and ISd says that ^jjm, in the latter, is
made trans, by means of «_> because it is used
in the sense of ^j"^. : (TA in art JM :) so, too,
in the saying,

♦ jsv^W pry*} <-*e— 'W «->*"

[We smite with the sword, and we hope for tke
removal of grief] : (S, Mughnee :) and in the
trad., **1 U J£j ijulj ol WJ^» ;J^W j^»
[It suffices tlie man in respect of lying tkat he
relate all that lie has heard]. (Mughnee.) It

is also redundantly prefixed to the inchoative ;

, , , • -0 - . • -

as in it .a. .i [when you say, ^o-*ji -»-; ■ * i ,

meaning A thing sufficing thee is a dirhem; a
phrase which may be used in two ways ; as pre-
dicating of what is sufficient, that it is a dirhem ;
and as predicating of a dirhem, that it is suffi-
cient ; in which latter case, «iL— »w is an cnun-
ciative put before its inchoative,, so that the
meaning is, a dirhem is a thing sufficing thee,
i. e. o dirhem is sufficient for thee ; as is shown
in a marginal note in my copy of the Mughnee :
in tlie latter way is used the saying, mentioned
in the S, r^lll Jy >it *■» j A thing sufficing thee
is the saying what is evil : and so, app., each
of the following sayings, mentioned in the TA

143

on the authority of Fr ; blUj b a* Jl>m » A person
sufficing thee is our friend; and t^fc-W «»**»w
A person sufficing thee is our brother : the ^> is
added, as Fr says, to denote emphatic praise] :
so too in jliL lili w~0j->0i. [/ went forth, and lo,
there, or then, was Zeyd] ; and in I3» Ol^ «-««&
\J£o J,l£> [Horn art thou, or how wilt thou be,
when it is thus, or when such a thing is the
case ?] ; and so, accord, to Sb, in ^jyi-J\ jfi-iSi^
[mentioned before, in explanation of ^> as syn.
with ^ji] ; but Abu-1-Hasan says that ^^W >■
dependent upon j'>u-t suppressed, denoting the

predicate of Oy^' J an< * 8omc Ba - V ^* at tm8
is an inf. n. in the sense of iiii ; [so that the

meaning may be, } ~ C ... a Oy^' >»HV *■ which of
you is madness residing 1] ; or, as some say, o is
here syn. with .,3 [as I have before mentioned].
(Mughnee.) A strange case is that of its being
added before that which is originally an inchoa-
tive, namely, the noun, or subject, of (^~J» ° n the
condition of its being transferred to the later place
which is properly that of tlie enunciativc ; as in

V * ' ''£ * f i ft" ' "I
the reading of some, ^Ay>-^] l^y Ov j*> w**

[«_>jii5Tj JjljT 'Jii [Your turning your faces

towards the cast and the west is not obedience

(Kur ii. 172)] ; with ^J1 in the accus. case.

(Mughnee.) It is also redundantly prefixed to

the enunciativc ; and this is in two kinds of

cases : first, when the phrase is not affirmative ;

and cases of this kind may be followed as cxs. ;

as ^\0f juj J^J [Zeyd is not standing] ; and

^jA^jCi Cz Ji^t <il Uj [And God is not heed-
less of thai ' which ye do (K- nr »• 60 » &c 03 :
secondly, when the phrase is affirmative ; and
in cases of this kind, one limits himself to what
has been heard [from the Arabs] : so say Akh
and his followers ; and they hold to lie an instance
of this kind the phrase, Vf-»V **** •'>"*■ t***
recompense, of an evil action is the like thereof
(Kur x. 28)] ; and tlie saying of the Hamdsce,

J ..IJ 0' ' U M *' *

[And tlie preventing thee from having her (refer-
ring to a marc) if a thing that is possible] : but
it is more proper to make IvJLloV dependent upon
iti_w •:_,,.' suppressed, as the enunciativc ; [tlie

meaning being, IfJLw j i "» >* *~-' •!/*»■> or J**-**
lyJuo^, i. e. tke recompense of an evil action is
a thing consisting in tke like thereof] ; and to
make 0ic-e dependent upon ly&U* ; the meaning
being, cUx.:,...j U ' (< ^i \****2 ['■ c. and the
preventing thee from having her, by something,
is possible : sec Ham p. 102] : Ibn-Malik also
[holds, like Akh and his followers, that «_j may
be redundant when prefixed to the cnunciative
in an affirmative proposition ; for he] says,
respecting juj J^'.a.;, that juj is an inchoative
placed after its cnunciative, [so that the meaning
is, Zeyd is a person sufficing thee,] because jjj is

J # •»

determinate and At ...i*. is indeterminate. (Mugh-
nee. [See also what has been said above respecting
the phrase ^jj il. ■■-. >, in treating of ^> as added

before tlie inchoative.]) It is also redundantly

144

prefixed to the denotative of state of which the
governing word is made negative ; as in

v^ l&i-t <Z**.J u

[And iravelliiKj-camels (meaning their riders)
returned not disappointed, whose goal, or ulti-
mate object, woe jjakeem the son of ffl-Mu-
uiyab] ; and in

[.4 mi thou didit not, being sent, or roused, go
awa if frightened, nor impotent, committing thine
affair to another] : so says Ibn-Mulik : but
AHei disagrees with him, explaining these two
exs. as elliptical ; the meaning implied in the
former being, JLSU. lL\Lj [with an object of
want disappointed, or frustrated] ; and in the
second, >j5>* > >» ■■ £ *, i. c. j^X» [with a person
frightened] ; the poet meaning, by the Jj5>o,
himself, after the manner of the saying, oJlj
1.x— I *->-*•, and this is plain with respect to
the former ex., but not with respect to the second ;
for the negation of attributes of dispraise denoted
as intensive in degree does not involve the nega-
tion of what is simply essential in those attributes;
and one docs not say, \j^\ Juo c-*iJ, or \jL^,
[or U-l *a c-jIj, as above, or \j**~i,] but when
meaning to express an intensive degree of bold-
ness, or of generosity. (Mughnec.) It is also
redundantly prefixed to the corroborative JJLi
and (j** : and some hold it to lie so in .'j-aj JJ
OtT^V ["» meaning Shall themselves wait (Kur
ii. 228 and 234)] : but this presents matter for
consideration ; because tho affixed pronoun in the
nom. case, [whether expressed, as in this instance,
in which it is the final syllabic ^, or implied
in the verb,] when corroborated by ,jJb, should
projKirly be corrolwratcd first by the separate
[pronoun], as in ^Cliil ^i'l ££ [Ye stood, ye,
yourselves] ; ami because the corroboration in
this instance is lost, since it cannot he imagined
that any others arc here meant than those who
arc commanded to wait: [the preferable rendering
is, shall wait to see what may take place with
themselves:] v ^ t _ U\f is added only for rousing
them the more to wait, by making known that
their minds should not be directed towards the
men. (Mughnec.) Accord, to some, it is also
redundantly prefixed to a noun governed in the
gen. case [by another preposition] ; as in

case because of a preposition understood ; or,
accord, to Bd, in ii. 1, a verb significant of
swearing is understood] : and in j-m- [for J: r- ;
In a good state], addressed to him who says,

r • rtf ,9 .

C ^.j.^1 J-is [How hast thou entered upon the
time of morning ? or How hast thou become ?].
(TA.) __ [It occurs also in several elliptical
phrases ; one of which (c~»aJ) ly-i) has been

1 V tl>

t'tlm* *

[And they became in a condition in which they
asked him not respecting his father ; which may
perhaps be regarded by some as similar to the
saying,

- ' • ' ■"* t * * * m + m*

^\ ȣ& ^ ^K ,^

but in this instance, j) is generally held to be

a noun, syn. with jJL]. (The Lubab, TA.)

Sometimes it is understood : as in l iJj»iN *S}\
[i. e. o**>*) « and o^**^ *"• By God, I will
assuredly do such a thing ; in the latter as well
as the former, for a noun is often put in the accus.

mentioned among the exs. of its primary meaning :

some are mentioned in other arts. ; as .yb and

^j- ■'■*■•■ ' , in arts. y>\ and ^-iu : and there arc many

others, of which exs. here follow.] Mohammad

is related, in a trad., to have said, after hitting

a butt with an arrow, lyj 01 Uj 01, meaning 01

ly^Uo [lam the doer of it ! lam the doer of

it.']. (Sh, T.) And in another trad., Mohammad

is related to have said to one who told him of

a man's having committed an unlawful action,

iUJ^ S&&, meaning ^)\ 4-*-0i ibbd [May-be

thou art the doer of that thing], (T.) And in

another, he is related to have said to a woman

brought to him for having committed adultery or

fornication, jXj ^y,, meaning JL«-U> ^* [ lf7to

was thine accomplice ?] : (T :) or «lL> J*UJt ^»

[Who was the agent with thee?]. (TA.) ib 01

«iUj, occurring in a form of prayer, means / seek,

or take, refuge in Thee; or by thy right disposal

and facilitation I worsltip ; and to Thee, not

to any other, / humble myself. (Mgh in art. \yj.)

One says also, iji/ ^J ^jU, meaning Who will

be responsible, answerable, amenable, or surety,

to me for such a thing? (Hnr p. 190: and the

like is said in p. 191.) And similar to this is

the saying, ib. ,^^=>, meaning ib j-«Jl ^J>^>

[It is as though I saw thee] ; i. c. I know from

what I witness of thy condition to-day how thy

condition will be to-morrow ; so that it is as

though I saw thee in that condition. (Idem

p. 1"26.) [You also say, <u S£\£>, meaning Thou

art so near to him that it is as though thou

sawest him: or it is as though thou wert with

him: i. c. thou art almost in his presence] —

The Basrccs hold that prepositions do not supply

the places of other prepositions regularly ; but arc

imagined to do so when they admit of being

differently rendered; or it is because a word is

sometimes used in the sense of another word, as

in ja»JI ;U^ OJ>i meaning CH5J> an< ^ ' n O—* - '
^jl meaning iJUaJ ; or else because they do so
anomalously. (Mughnec.) ^= [As a numeral, ^>
denotes Two.]

[Book I.
will ransom thee with my father] ; (Lth, T ;) or
he said to htm, ^Ij cJI ^yb [ With my father
mayest than be ransomed, and with my mother !
or / will ransom tliee tec. ; sec art. ^IJ ; (S ;) the
current phrase of the Arabs being that which
includes both parents : (TA :) i. c., a man said so
to another man, (Lth, T, M,) or to a child ; (Fr,
S, M ;) and in like manner to his horse, for having
saved him from some accident: (IAar,T:) the

verb is derived from
» i

vU (Lth,T, M.) Hence
*** - • «

Ul, in an ex. cited voce ^*t, in art. j/\, q. v. ;
(M;) or 4-M; (TA in art. y>\ ;) or ^J\. (S

in that art.) — And [hence,] »j^b They made a
shorn of treating him with graciovsness, courtesy,

or blandishment ; as also «JL» • I.j>jOJ. (M.) __

[Hence also,] * J^b, with medd, [used as an
inf. n.,] A woman's dandling, or dancing, of her
child. (A A, T.) = bb also signifies He (a child)

said * bb (M, K) [in sonic copies of the K written
bb, both meaning Papa, or Father,] to his father.
(M.) [Accord, to the TA, the verb is trans, in
this sense, as in the senses before explained ; but

I think that »bb has been there erroneously put
for bb.] — And He (a stallion [meaning a stal-
lion-camel]) reiterated the sound of the letter w>
[or b] in his braying. (M.) __ [And hence, prr-

haps,] * bO [or, more prolwbly, *.*bb, with medd,
agreeably with analogy, used as an inf. n.,] The
chiding of the cat, or art of chiding the cat;

(A A, T.Sgh;) also termed Ji. (AA,T.) =
Also lit hastened, made haste, or sped : and
" Obbj we hastened, ice. : (marginal note in a

copy of the S:) or*bbj signifies he ran. (VA-
Uniawee,T,K.)

R. Q. 2 : see above, in three places.

1 1. U,

bb and bb : sec R. Q. 1, in two places.

b and tb : sec the letter «_>, and arts, ly and ^j,

R. Q. 1. ibb, (Lth, T, S, M,K,) and *, bb,
(Fr, M, K,) inf. n. "bb (Lth, T, M) and JbL ;
(Fr, M ;) [as also «b' i sec art - ^ j] -^« said to
him, ^b, (Fr, M,) or bb, (M,) or oJl ^b,
(Lth, T, K,) [all meaning With my father mayest
thou be ransomed! or] meaning .yb JXjjM [I

yiyj The source, origin, race, root, or stock,
syn. JJ>I, (AA, Sh, T, S, M, K F ) of a man, (Sh,
T,) whether noble or base. (AA, T.) You say,
>>>JI j*ij£> >* He is of generous, or noble,
origin; lit., generous, or noble, of origin. (TK.)
And j>ji-)\ fjy j-i ^JyM Such a one is of [a race]

the source (J-«l) of generosity, or nobleness. (S.
[In the PS, L >o is here put in the place of ,-i :
but j-i is often used in phrases of the same kind
and meaning as that above, in the sense of (>••])
IKh cites from Jcrcer,

[Of a. race the source of glory, and the very heart
of generosity, or nobleness] : but Aboo-'Alce El-
Kalce quotes the words thus;

j>j£i\ f ty'yii J^\ ^^ (j*

[which may be rendered, of a race the source of
glory, and the very root of generosity] ; whence
it appears that *^>yi is a dial. var. of yjyj in the
sense here given. (TA.) — The middle of a
thing ; (K ;) [and app. the heart, or very heart,
thereof; the middle as being the best part of a
thing ;] like £***-!• (T A — [Hence, perhaps,]

Book I.]

The pupil, or apple, or the image that is teen
reflected in the blach, (jtfi AA,T, or ^A-'J -£>)
of the eye. (AA, T, ]£.) Whence the saying,

lj4* $t£ ,>» \J* >*' i* [■"• '* * fear « r t0 "**
<Aan r/ic apple of my eye ; a saying common in
the present day, with the substitution of o'—'i
for $i}t]. (TA.)_ A. generous, or noble, (ISk,
T,) or a clever, an ingenious, or an accomplished,
or a well-bred, or an elegant, (M, K,)ana" a light,
an active, or a sprightly, (M,) /or</, master, chief,
or personage : (ISk, T, M, K :) fem. with ».

(IKh,TA.) Also, (AA,T,S,*[but I find it

only in one of three copies of the S,]) or * lyyi,

and t fi$, (K,) the last from the M, (TA, [but
it is not in the M as transcribed in the TT,]) A
learned ninn (A A, T, S, K) mho teaches; (AA,
T;) but the teaching of others is not a condition
required in the application of the epithet ; (TA ;)
like jyj**, (S [in which this last word is evi-
dently given as a syn. : but in the K it is given
to show the form, only, of !y^'].) — Also The
body of a locust, (K,) without the head and legs.

(TA.) And, accord, to the K, The head, or

uppermost part, of a vessel in which [tlie collyrium
called] J**£> it kept : but it will appear, in art.
b, that this is [jtcrlmps] a mistranscription for^>^.
(TA.)

Jbb : sec II. Q. 1, in two places : = and sec

• if

fy^j : sec y»yi, m two places.

• . « t .

>y. .*..)! : sec «_>', in art. y/\.

J*
s

■V^b. Of, or belonging to, or relating to, J^b
[i.e. Jiabcl], a place [well known] in El- Irak:
it is an epithet applied to enchantment, [which is
said to have been there taught by two fallen
angels, llaroot and Maroot, (see the l£ur ii. 96,)]
and to wine. (S,£,TA.) — And hence, (TA,)
Poison: [and, accord, to the Cl^, wine;] as also

▼ iijj^. (K, TA.) In the original language

of the pliice above mentioned, ^jM-JI ,s a name of
^/V' [The planet Jupiter]. (TA.)

aJbb : sec above.

yJijfo [from the Persian *jyt^t Chamomile; or
chamomile-flotrers : both called by these names
in the present day] : a certain herb, of several
different colours ; yellow-flowered, and white-
flowered, and purple-flonercd : (Aviccnna [Ibn-
Seena] i. 139 :) t. q. o^' = (§, Msb, $, all in
art fm-> :) i. c. the o'^^- 5 ' is tne p-'.yV. witn llle
Persians : (Msb in that art. :) or the flower of the
,jlja»}t : (S in art. ijoyi or °f tne yellow
^j { }-~ *', (TA in art. !_»=>*.) when it has become
dry : (8, TA, both in art. ^aji :) a well-known
flower, of great utility, (K,TA,) or of which the
oil is of great utility: (C1JL:) commonly Jtnown
Bk. I.

in 2?M r emen 6y f/«e name of ^-iys [app. ^>y»,
because of its pleasant odour, or its medical pro-
perties]. (TA.)

-.bf, also pronounced »-W, without ., (IAar, S,
Msb, K,) but the former alone is mentioned by
Th in the Fs, and is the chaste word, (TA,)
arabicized, from the Persian Ub, (S,) A sort, or
species, (S, K,) of food, or viands. (S.) Hence

the saying, lj*-1j U-W OU-W J**-' [Make thou
tke sorts, or species, of food, or viands, to be one
sort, or species] : (S, K :) occurring in a trad., in
which it is without • in each case, accord, to
IDrst: several different sorts of food being brought
to 'Omar, he asked respecting them, and it was
said, [They arc] ^AX- and »-bjj a "d r^***^ - ! '
whereupon he ordered that the bowls should be
brought, and their contents were emptied into
one ; he saying the words above. (Marginal note
in a copy of the S.) 1Kb says that a man would
bring various sorts [of food], and one would say,

lja»-lj U-b lyJLa»-t [Make, thou them to be one

til-
sort]. (TA.) The pi. is [Ot»-b, as shown above,

1*1" * '*' /w

as though the sing, were i»-V> an d] p-W- (M? D >

TA.) Ij— \ 3 VWv^ £ »wr'WI O-^-^ IS [hkcwise]
a saying of 'Omar, (Msb, TA,) meaning [I will
assuredly malte the people, all of them, to be] one

body or assemblage; »-b signifying a state of

assembling, or collecting together : (Kz, TA :) or
[of] one uniform way or mode or manner, (Msb,
TA,) as El-Fihrec says in the Expos, of the
Fs, on the authority of ISd in the book entitled
EI-'Awccs; (TA;) i. e., in respect of gifts, or
allowances: (Msb:) accord, to IAar, it is from

»Q or mXf signifying a uniform line of road.

(TA.) You say also, j*-lj r C ,^UI The people

are [as] one thing. (TA.) And *.l^ j*\ ^j j^k

They are [in one and tlie same, or] in an equal,

t %* * * * * * +
or a uniform, case. (K.) And l*>V>^Ul J*»f

tji*:t^ He made the speech, or language, to be
[uniform, or] of one mode, or manner. (TA.)
And lj*-lj U-b i{jLi\ IJjL J*4-l MaAe <aou <Aw
f king to be [uniform, or] of one way, or moaV, or
manner. (ISk.) And lj*.£ WlJ ji^t jjull
jlfaA« t/eoM the affair, or ca*e, [wnt/brro, or] one
uniform thing. (Fr.)

vJUJ>Lp, [or ^[mJ^, commonly pronounced

' ^ • * * i »*

in tlie present day ^U-Jib and ^l^Jj^ and

Q 1 * ''J:.', from the Pereian O^^WJ a word of

well-known meaning, often mentioned by the

• 'i
author of the 1£, [in explaining the words ^1

and J .»». and jdU and j£),] but not in its proper
place in the lexicon. (TA.) [It signifies The
solanum melongena, mad-apple, or egg-plant ; both
the black, distinguished by tlie epithet )y*\, and
the ro/«tte, distinguished by the epithet !>u-M.
And the solanum lycopersicum, or solanum Aethi-

145

opicum; also called love-apple, and so by the
Arabs, Vr ^JI ~.Uu ; and golden apple, ^y^i f "" ;
and tomato; and distinguished from the former
species by the epithet j«*-l, and by the appellation
aiji oW^iW-] — [(j-O O^-iiW A'an/Aium.]

1. }b, (S, M,5,) aor. - , (M,?,) 2Te sunk, or
rf«//, (S, M, K,) a well ; (S, M ;) as also t/u,1.
(M,K.)_Also, aor. as above, inf. n. jL>, He
dug a [hollow such as is termed] »jyt> (AZ, S, M ,)

in which to cook. (AZ, S.) Also, (T, S, M,

K,) aor. as above, (M, K,) and so the inf. n. ;
(M ;) and t£| ; (T, S, M, K ;) He hid, or «m-
cealed, a thing: (T,M, ^L:) and he stored it, or
laid it up, for a tune of need. (T, 8, ]£.) Hence
a hollow dug in the ground is termed Sj£y. (T.)

You say also, £*. tjfcfl, (T, M, $,) and '»%,

(M, K,) He did good beforehand: (T, M, K:) or,
accord, to some, he, as it were, did good beforeliantl
for himself, having laid it up, or concealed it, for
himself: (T,TA:) so says El-Umawcc: or hr
laid up for himself in store concealed good: (TA:)
or he did. good concealed! y : (M,K:) and j*!£\
signifies the same. (T, TA.)

* * > *
4. li^di jbj He made, or he assigned, or ap-
pointed, (Jj^.,)for such a one, a well. (K.)
8 : sec 1, in three places.

*£l (T, S, M, &c.) and *^, (Msb,) of the fem.
gender, (S, M, Msb,?:,) and * s£, (M,) A well:
(M, TA :) pi. (of pauc, 8, Msb) \£\ (S, M,
Msb, K) and (by transposition, Fr, Msb) yl (Fr,

$0$S

Msb, K) and jbl and (by transposition, Yaakoob,
T, S, M) ;bj and (of mult., S, Msb) jU^ ; (T, 8,

M, Msb, K ;) and pi. of pauc. [of jtf] jiffi.
(Msb.) The dim. is t s£'£. (Msb.)

ijyi A hollow, or hole, dug in the ground, (AZ,
S, M, K,) in which to cook ; also called 5j1 : (AZ,
S :) or (M) a place in ivhich fire is lighted. (M,

K.) [See 1.]= See also 3^b.

Sjlfi see jLi-.s

: and see 5

VW-

i^, (T, S, M, %.) and * 5^ and • \fr (M, $)
A thing stored, or laid up, for a time of need.
(T,S,M,£.)

•*-

jW, (T, TA, and so in some copies of the K,) or

jCl, (as in other copies of the K, and so in the
CK,) the latter formed by transposition, and the
former [said to have been] not heard, (M,) A
well-sinker, or well-digger. (T, M, Tfc..)

j\j i. q. jb, [which see in art. «J^ ; and jU : pi.
[of pauc] jjjl, and [of mult.] j^ and 0)jr*-
(K.) IJ holds that the \ is substituted for I, and
that it remains in j#\ and olA 1 like as is the
case in ^Ltl [in which the ^ is substituted for _)

19

146

and remains in the pi. because it is substituted for
j in the sing. j^.]. (TA.)

1. J-jJ, oor. J4L', (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n.

j£, (S, M|b,5,) °r M?i (M; [so I find in a
copy of tlic M, but perhaps it is a mistranscription
for iJj ;]) and ^^ [aor. ^l^,] inf. n. J-V ;
(M ;) He was, or became, mighty, or strong, in
war or fight ; (K ;) courageous, or valiant : (M,
Msb, K:) or »ery mighty or *</on<7 m war or

fight. (AZ, S.)-» J4, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor.

» %•* / •>

wr"W (?> M, K) and t^JUj, the latter extr., like

# •* * .. '

j^*l aor. of^^i, (M,) [and some other instances,

(see \^~L,)] inf. n. J-& (S, Msb,' K) and ^
and ^^ (K) and j£ (TA) and J^, (S, K,)
[in measure] like ^»\, (TA,) [accord, to the CK
^JV, which is a mistake,] and ^yl-i?, (TS,TA,)
incorrectly written in the copies of the 1£ ,-li^ ;
(T A ;) or J-ji ; ( A ;) or both these forms ; (M ;) He
mas, or became, in a state of distress; straitened in
his means of subsistence, or in the conveniences of
life; (M, Msb ;) t'» a state of poverty : (M, A, Msb,*
TA :) or in a state of pressing want : (S, K, TA:)
and ,_r<^>, inf. n. i_l> and ^r-i^ whence the subst.
\j*$t, he was, or became, in a state of trial, or
affliction: (M :) and [in like manner,] *J*C',
(inf. n. ^Irfl, S,) distress, or poverty, or misfor-
tune, or calamity, (JL.UI,) to/ctt Aim. (IAar, S,*
M, TA.) =,_^j, also written ^J^ and ^^ and

u*k> (?> J£>) is a word of dispraise or blame, (S,)
implying all kinds of dispraise or blame, (TA,)
[or superlative dispraise or blame; signifying,
Very evil or bad is he, or it : or superlatively
evil or bad is he, or it :] contr. of^Ju -. (S, M,
TA :) a prct. verb, imperfectly inflected, (S, K,)
likc^»u, (S,) [having only one variation of form,
namely, the fern. C >..■ *, '» though the masc. is more
commonly used even when the agent is fern, or
pi.,] because it is translated from its original
application, (§,£,) i. e. from {/& J_i^' signifying

Ltfy v^' [l>° found, met with, or experienced,
distress, ice], to signify dispraise or blame. (S,
TA.) When it is accompanied by a gen. n. with-
out the article Jl, this is always in the accus.
case : but when the n. has the article Jl, it is
always in the nom. case: (TA:) you say, jSf
«N!j V*y [Very evil or bad, or superlatively evil
or bad, as a man, is Zeyd ; ^U-j being a specifi-
cative]: (K :) and j^j J^jil JJ, [Very evil,
kc, is the man, Zeyd] ; and ju» SlLjl .-.'*■ [or
more commonly ^m^ in this case also, Very evil,
kc, is the woman, Hind]. (S.) Some argue
that it is a noun, from the saying, .J* jtpJllmi
je»" u-~it because it has a prep.; but this is
explained as elliptical, and meaning, ^Jj| ^j
jt»>l l*-V ^ Jjfc ffi <J* [Excellent is the
journeying upon an ass of which it is said Very
evil, kc, is the ass]. (I 'Ak p. 232.) Zj says that
when it is followed by U, then U, with it, is

regarded as occupying the place of an indctermi-
nate noun ; [namely, \Li>, as a specificative ; as

1 -rr • ■/-.. »J't»t 9',0* , , ■ ,,t

in the Kuril. 84, ^^-Jul^tj^l U,^., or I

kc, Very evil, kc, as a thing, is that for which
they have sold, or exchanged, themselves :] (TA :)
but some say that it is the agent, and is a deter-
minate noun ; and this is the opinion of Ibn-
Kharoof, which ho ascribes to Sb. (I 'Ak ubi
supra.) [For further illustration, see^ii.]

4 : see yJo.
5 : see 6.

6. irttUi He feigned the lowliness, or submissivc-
ncss, of poverty, humbling, or abasing, himself,

A

(K,*TA,) with men; and * JJ+3 is allowable in
the same sense. (TA.)

8. aj ^-bl, (M, A,) and il*, (S, TA,) He
was distressed by it, or at it ; it docs not signify
dislike : (IB, TA :) or he grieved at it, (S, M,
A,) and humbled and abased himself: so in the
Kur xi. 38 and xii. 09. (M, A, TA.) It is said
of a man when a thing that he dislikes becomes
known to him. (AZ, TA.)
,L

v*\j Might, or strength, (S, A, Msb, K,) in
war or fight: (S, A, K:) courage; valour, or

valiantness; prowess. (M, K.) War, or fight;

(M, Msb;) as also t j-lij (M) and t&lb:

(TA:) pi. of the first, J4J*. (M ? b.) Hence,

(M,) f Fear, (M,TA,) in the saying, ^C ^
i&S (M,TA,«) and Af, (M,) [f There is no
fear for thee : lit., there is no war against thee,
or with thee] : the saying of which to an enemy
implies the granting him security, or protection :
and in the same sense it is used in a trad.,
in the phrase ( _ r , UI .Cwl [\Fear became vehe-

ment]. (TA.) __ J. q. jj_o f [Harm, injury,
kc] : so in the phrase J*C •§ [There is, or will
be, no harm, kc ; and I jij ^0 ^, and ljkj» ^J,
t There is, or will be, no harm in such a thing],
(Har p. 311.) It is said in a trad., L-iAJb J*^ »j
(> 5«jl O-J [There is no harm in wealth to him
who is pious]. (El-Jdmi' es-Sacheer of Es-Su-
yootce.) ^i/ also occurs for ^1^ ; the • being
suppressed, agreeably with analogy ; not altered

by permutation. (M,TA.) Punishment: (S,

A,K:) or severe punishment ; (TA ;) as also
♦ ^jJLt, in measure like ^_i; fe. (IAar, TA.).^
See also ^y>, in two places.
■ • j g j

cr^ (a' 80 written j,^^, with the > suppressed,
Msb) Distress; straitness of the means of subsis-
tence, or of the conveniences of life ; poverty :
(M, Msb,* TA :*) or a state of pressing want :
(S, K :) or misfortune ; calamity : (A :) and
t J^jj and t ^jj (K, TA) and * £-W (M, A)
and t J,tj (TA) and ♦ J^' (S, K) and t^^'
(TA) and *tfe (M,TA) [all of which, except
" iL>l^ and " i-Uo, arc said to be inf. ns. (see
U-*«)] signify the same as ^^ : (S, M,A,K,

TA :) t (j-^ and t iL.^ are both from l _ r ^j
[with which tliey arc syn. accord, to authorities

[Book I.

indicated above] ; (Zj, IDrd, TA ;) the former is
contr. of ^yoJu, (S, TA,) and in like manner the
latter is contr. of iU»5 : (TA :) the latter is of
the measure ^U» without any JjoI, because it
is a subst. ; like as J*»l occurs among substs.
without any l^i, as in the instance of j^f:
(Akh, S :) or t ^fyi signifies a state of trial
or affliction, and is a subst. ; and t w _*'■ and
" i-0 signify the same, but arc inf. ns. : (M :) and
* iC\i is syn. with ajLi [like J^j in the first of
the senses explained above] ; (S, TA ;) and SLu
[meaning distress, or difficulty] : (TA :) or it
signifies misfortune, or calamity, (A,K,) like

* * ' » joe

^^ i ( A an(1 so cr^ 1 = (S, K :) or rather this
last signifies misfortunes, or calamities; for it

is pi. of '^hV, i. c., a pi. of pauc. ; not of ^y_,
as J asserts it to be ; for the pi. of pauc. of *Jl>
is ^1^1 : (IB, TA :) but ^-£.1 may be used as
pi. of t fCC. (Fr, in S, voce f\^>, q. v.) [See
exs. of these two pis. in what follows.] You say
ji-*> J>yii \j*$i J>yi [A day of distress, or poverty,
kc, and a day of ease and plenty], (S, TA.)
And iti L>y> [May distress, or poverty, kc, befall
him] : a form of imprecation. (Sb, M, TA.) And

*-*-> Cw' w'yti a l'l >- an <- x prcssion of pity [mean-
ing Alas for the distress, kc, of Ibn-Sumeiyeh !].
(TA, from a trad.) And U^jI f>^&\ ( V-e Per-
haps the little cave [may be attended with] calami-
ties; not fid.unity, as in the S [and K] : (IB:)
a prov. ; (S;) originating from a cave's having
collapsed upon sonic men in it ; or from an
enemy's having come to some men in a cave,
and slain them ; wherefore it is applied to any-
thing whence evil is feared : (As, S, K, in art.
j^c :) or it is applied to him who is suspected
of a thing: (IAar,TA:) or jJ>iM Witt the name
of a certain water, which belonged to the tribe
of Kelb, and the words of this prov. were $xid
by Ez-Zebba, when Kasecr turned aside from
the plain road, and took the way to jj^jUl : (Ibn-
El-Kclbce, S, K, in art. J9 b :) L.^1 is in the
accus. case by reason of ,j^j understood. (Mugh-
nce.) [See Frcytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 94.] El-
Kumcyt also says,

* j^ cJLii jj£o yj ;L.I tyiS •

jl^clj ^W j-i'yV\ ^1

[They said, Bcnoo-Kurz have done evil: and
I said to them, Perhaps the little cave may be
attended with calamities and connected with
other caves] : ,^1 is here pi. of ^y. (IB,
TA.) [In the S, the last words arc written
jW-J u-"W,W> in one copy: in another, jUfil*:
both of which arc app. wrong.] _ See also ^1^.

• • «• ,*•- ,•"' •-

u^i and U-+J and ^^-^ and ^-^ : sec ijmfy.

-~is-~> CA^t Calamities; misfortunes. (K.)

i-

w*i'- Bee ^-ib, last signification : = and sec
9 *'

* a j 9 1

^ftyt : see ^->yi, in three places.

Jt-V : see ^-^ : and ^y> % : the latter, in five

Book I.]

places. __ Zj explains it as signifying, in the

Kur vi. 42, Hunger. (M, TA.*) Also The

act of beating, or striking. (Lth, TA.)

• »• «j

v^jj^j Ono in whom ^yf [i. e. distress &c]

M apparent, or manifest. (M, TA.)

• jj • »j

• * * I' t ft J

is-«£/ : sec ^hLi : and ^^ : tlie latter, in two
places, b Mighty, or strong, in war or fight ;
(A ;) courageous, or valiant. (S, M, Mh!>, K.)
— u-A v'«»*> (?, M,K,) and T cr-e^> agreeably
with a general rule applying to words of this
description, (M,) and t,^-^, (M,K,) and *,^-*v,
(M,) and t J4,', (M, K,') and * Jj£, (M,)
and ~ u~*{, and 'y-^, which lust, however, is
of no authority, (M,) or t ^j^t, and wttft w ' tn
the • changed into ^, (TA,) A vehement punish-
ment : (S, M, K :) so in the Kur vii. 1(55. (TA.)

' * '

ij-A ■ sec c^-e*/.

a-W:

LT-^ :

sec ,^.

cr^W Distressed; straitened in his means of
subsistence, or ?n </i« cottvenicnccs of life; (Msb;)
or poor : (A, Msb :*) or ono mho is in want,
and an object of pity for what he suffers: (TA :)
or in a state of pressing want : (S :) or in a state
of trial, or affliction : (M, TA :) or one who
is crippled, or deprived of the power of motion,
by disease, or who suffers from a protracted
disease, and is in need: (Mgh :) an epithet de-
noting pity, (8b, M, TA,) or grief: (Mgh:)
* wyf occurs ns its pi. ; (M, TA ;) or is for
crjoji. (M.)

and j_r-~?J : see ^-^j. _ The former also
signifies Strong. (K, TA.)__ And hence, (TA,)
J-0 1 The lion. (K, TA.)

ill! «•-

,^-Uj^I jgSI 77t« most vehement refusal. (Th,
M.)

i_/Uo : see ^jj, in two places.

U m* T ,,« Disliftina, or hating : (S, M, K :) and
grieving: (S, K:) or rather, distressed, by, or
nt, a thing ; not disliking, or hating : (IB, TA :)
or grieving, and humbling and abasing himself
(Zj,M,TA.)

a) c**l/ U : sec Itf.

•W

>*

^V A certain beast of prey, (M, K,) well
known ; (K ;) a certain animal, (Msb,) namely,
the Jj\ji [or lion's provider], (S,) that emulates,
or vies with, the lion in running, or that is hostile
to the lion : [so may be rendered the words

-»~'*i" 15*1*4 ; and in the uncertainty that exists
respecting the animal in question, the meaning
of this expression is doubtful : an animal may
be called (as the jackal is) the lion's provider
merely because the lion follows it and deprives
it of its prey :] (S, Msb :) or a certain Indian
animal, stronger than the lion, between which
and tke lion and leopard, or panther, (^,)

exists hostility (* I j lx_«) ; when it attacks tke
leopard, or panther, (>♦*>), the lion aids tke
latter; but the scorpion is on friendly terms
with it, and sometimes makes its abode in its
hair : (Kzw :) the word is foreign, or Persian,

(.«»,» *!,) [app. the Persian j*j, which is said to be
applied to the tiger, leopard, and lion,] arabicized :
(M, K :) Az thinks it to be a foreign word intro-
duced into the Arabic language : (Msb :) pi. j^-j.
(S,M ? b,K.)

ililj (Msb, K) and i\k~> (K, Kzw) [in modern
vulgar Arabic 0**^> The parrot;] a certain
well-known bird; (Msb;) a certain green bird,
(Sgh, K, TA,) well known ; (TA ;) the bird
called in Persian ^ym, beautiful in colour and
form, mostly green, but in some instances red,
and yellow, and white ; having a thick bill and
tongue : it hears the speech of men and repeats
it, without knowing its meaning; and utters
letters rightly : when they desire to teach it,
they put a mirror in its cage, so that it sees
therein its own form, and they speak to it from
behind the mirror, and when it hears, it repeats,
desiring to do as its like ; and thus it learns
quickly : one of the wonders relating to it is
[said to be this], that it never drinks water; for
if it drank, it would die: (Kzw:) the affix renders
fern, the word, but not the thing named thereby,
like the 5 in ioU«- and <UUi ; for the word
applies to the male and the female, so that

one says, j£s$ i\iuj [a male paii-ot] and ( j£il Jli^j

* . ***
[a female parrot] : and the pi. is Objl*^ [or

o^Uuj], like as Ctylja*** is pi. of »1
(Msb.)

1. *i, (Lth, T, S, M, &c.,) aor. '- and - , (S,
M, Msb,) the latter anomalous, because a redu-
plicative verb [of this kind] having the aor. with
kesr is not trans., except in certain instances, of
which this is one ; the other instances being <lU,
in relation to drinking, aor. - and - , and j^>
w..>j>— I I, aor. '- and - , and » »v-i, aor. ' and - , and
4-a-, aor. - ; the last having but one form [of
aor.] ; (S ;) inf. n. O* : (Lth, T, S, M, A, &c. :)
and * £>\, (M,) inf. n. o£l : (Mgh, K :) He cut
it off, severed it, separated it, or disunited it,
(Lth,T,S, M, A,» Mgh,» Msb, K,*) entirely, or
utterly ; (Lth, T, M ;) namely, a thing ; (M ;)
a rope, or cord ; (Lth, T ;) and a tie, or bond, of
union between two persons. (M.) __ [jlJ and
» <£j\, accord, to the TA, app. signify also He, or
it, caused him (a man) to become unable to pro-
ceed in his journey, his camel that bore him
breaking down, or stopping from fatigue, or
perishing : for Owl as signifying " he became
so" is there said to be quasi-pass, of those two
verbs when it has this sense. Hence,] jiZ)\ oJJ
[The journey caused kim to become cut off, &c.].
(A.) And ly^j •t**' <wb &~> [He urged on his
beast so that, or until, he caused it to become cut

147

3 .1

off, &c.]: (A:) and *^a/ 1w*/| He caused kis
camel to become cut off, let., (daiai,) by travel :
(M, TA :) this is not said but of a man who has
forced on his camel at a hard pace, or by laborious
journeying. (TA.) — 4jljlf J^0» o^, (T, Msb,
TA,) or Jljjl J^i, (Mgh,) and ♦ «& (Lth, T,
Mgh, Msb,) He made tlie divorce of his wife, or
of the woman, to be absolutely separating, (Lth,
T, Mgh, Msb, TA,) so as to cut her off from
return. (Msb.) Lth, with whom AZ agrees, has
erred in asserting that Co is intrans. and *c~jl
trans. : (T, TA :) both are trans, and intrans.,
(T, Msb, TA,) as En-Nawawee asserts in the
Tahdheeb el-Asma wa-1-Loghat. (TA.) You say,
C~3 5ju»-lj)l iiUxll, and * C~J, i. c. The single
divorce cuts the matrimonial tie, or bond, of tke
woman, (9-lCJI l—»t% %^Ju, T, Mgh,*) when the
period during which she must wait before con-
tracting a new marriage 1ms ended. (T.) [See
also oJ.] ;UJbt *ll* o^, (T, S, M, A,) inf. n.

«£J ; (M ;) and t ^| ; (T, S, M ;) He (the judge,
T) decided the judgment, or sentence, against him.

(T,S,*M.) i}\£}\ 4ifi c-i, and *ljljl, He

decided against kim by the testimony, [or pro-
nounced the testimony decisive against him,] and
compelled, or constrained, him to admit it. (M.)
__ dJi\Ji, Cy, and * lyil, He gave his testimony

, * «M it >l

decisively. (Msb.)^ JIS Ail Ool I know, or
declare, decidedly, not [merely] thinking it, that
he said thus. (Sahech of Muslim.) — i-J I Co
He made the intention decided; or fixed it de-
cidedly. (A.) It is said in a trad., ,j*J >°l~o *9
J^JI ^ >CI)I t^ J^l, (T, S,Mgh.) or'sl4iU>,
accord, to different recitals, (Mgh,) i. e. There is
no fasting to him [meaning Ml fasting is null]
who does not decisively impose it upon himself, by
intention, from the night : (S,* Mgh :) or, who
does not form the intention of fasting before day-
break, and thus cut it off from the time in which
there is no fasting, namely, the night : the intention

is termed Co [and OU^I] because it makes a divi-
sion between non-fasting and fasting : (T, TA :)
C~j ji, from 33&}t| > 8 a mistake ; but cu-j ^,
from r-m" 11 . [see «i-^,] is correct. (Mgh.) And

""* 1 * * ^ At

it is said in another trad., ;l — . )l tjuk ~ULi " bwl,
i. e. Decide ye the affair respecting the marriage
of these women, and confirm it by its [proper]
conditions : an oblique prohibition of the kind of
marriage termed £ju«H mJ£i, because it is a mar-
riage not [absolutely or lawfully] decided, [being]
made definite as to duration. (TA.) _ C~> also
signifies He made to have, or take, effect; ke
executed, or performed ; (Har p. 210 ;) and bo
*Ool, as in the phrase, ei+ m l c~>t He made his
oath to have, or take, effect ; he executed, of per-
formed, it. (M.) CrjJ» w-j U o!i^-> (Ks,

T, M,) and C~J U, (M,) and *w^' U, (Ks, T,
M,) One who is drunk, who does not speak
plainly, or distinctly; lit, who does not make
speech plain, or distinct ; (Ks, T ;) or mko doe*
not articulate speech ; syn. Axtuu U : (M :) or,

19*

148

as Af says, (T,) o£ U o<jL, (T, A,) or o£ •$,

(8, K,) and c-^ *9, and to* "^, (K,) which last
form of the vcrh is disallowed by As, but both are
correct accord, to Fr, (T, S,) meaning one who k
drunk, who does not, or will not, [i. e. cannot,]
decide an affair. (As, T, $, K\) [See also oC-]
mm See also 7. — [Hence,] 1L^ o$, (M, Msb,)
nor. ; only, inf. n. Ct&, (Msb,) Hit oath had, or
took, effect; was executed, or performed; syn.
o«-»j : (M:) it wax, or proved, true: (Msb:)
a phrase mentioned by AZ, and, if correct, not
needing any explanation. (M.) [See lU—jj Ovt,

above.] b Oy, aor. ; , inf. n. 0^1, He mas, or
became, lean, or meagre. (M, K.) [See olj.]
■■■Oy [inf. n. of Oy] also signifies The telling,
and the weaving, a [garment of the kind called]
OU&torc^q.v.]. (KL.)

2. *^J, inf. n. c- t : . ; j , He cut it off, or severed
it, [entirely, or utterly, and] much, or with extra-
ordinary energy or effectivenets ; the tcshdeed
denoting intcnsivcncss of signification. (S.)aa
•>^W They furnished him with [oli, or] ?rare/-
ling-provmont. (M, K.) ■■J£5 Giw <Aou to

rAem [<;<irm<jnf* ca/W] o>y [pi. of Oy, q.v.].
(TA, from a trad.)

4 : sec 1, passim : = and see 7.

6. oJi«3 He became furnished with [oUj, or]
travelling provisions : and he became provided
with [ OL>, or] utensils and furniture of the house
or <««< ; or household goods. (M, K, TA.)

7. O-JI 7t »««.«, or became, cut off, severed,
tejmrated, or disunited, (Lth,T,§, M, Msb,K,)
entirely, or utterly ; (Lth, T, M ;) namely, a
thing; (M ;) a rope, or cord; (Lth.T;) and a
tie, or bond, of union between two persons : (T,
M :•) as also vj^', (Lth, AZ, T, M, Msb,) aor. ;
and ' , (M, [so accord, to a copy of that work,
but it seems to bo indicated in the Msb (see 1,
near the closo of the paragraph,) that it is ; only,
in this case,]) inf. n. oy; (Lth, AZ, T, M, K ;)
and *oyl, (T, Msb, TA,) inf. n. olijt ; (T, TA;)
the Inst said by Lth and AZ to be trans, only ;
(T, TA ;) but it is both trans, and intrans., like
the second : (T, Msb, TA :) so says En-Nawawee,
as mentioned above: see 1. (TA.) You say,
--* aJ-^ c^U £&* O* O"** £*»*' [Such a one
broke off, or ditunited hinuelf, from such a one,
and hit tie, or bond, of union became severed from
him]. (T, TA, [but in a copy of the former, for
OW t>*t i» put *)U ijefrom his pro/jerry.]) __
He became unable to proceed in hit journey, hi*
camel that bore him breaking down, or stopping
from fatigue, or perishing : (A, # Mgh,« TA :)
quasi-pass, of «5 and «£/. (TA.) You say,

3F.

• jLi He journeyed until he wot unable
to proceed Ice. (A,Mgh,TA.) [See also o£u.]
_ Hit .U, (A,) the ,U of kit back, (Ks, T, K,)
[i. e. kit seminal fluid,] became cut off, or Hopped,
or ceated, (Ks, T, A, £,) fry reason of age : (A:)
■aid of a man. (Ks, T, A.)
I. , .
Oy inf. n. of 1, q. T . (Lth, T, 8, M, &c.) [It

is sometimes used as an inf. n. ; as also * iZ/ and
T oli, explained in the M as syn. with *Ja3 :
and sometimes, as is often the case with inf. ns.,
in die sense of the act part. n. of its verb,

namely vol/, trans, and intrans. ; as also *oUj;
both of which are masc. and fern., because origi-

nally inf. ns. ; but Cy has also Su> for its fern.
The following are exs.] — ill**)! »Juk *'~ t^t

*fci tJ [I gave him this gift, cutting it off from
my property to at to make it irrevocable ; or,
it being cut off &c.]. (Lth, T.) And JjLaJ
»UU; jjj^ J^j ; ttn d i£ % iiJJ,, (T,S,)
Such a one bestowed an alms, or a gift for the
take of Ood, cut off from hit property; (T,
TA ;) and therefore, (TA,) parted from himself
(S, TA.) Such a gift is termed £$ iijJo, (A,«
Nh,) and £& % aijw,. (M.)_i£ l^fo,
(Mgh.K,) and ttiuj, (K,) and iyt, (T,) and
Ui ulk, (Msb,) and 1 &j J^i, (Lth, T, Msb,»

TA, [in one copy of the T simply t»W>]) He
divorced Iter by a separating divorce ; (K ;) by
a divorce cutting ker off from returning: and

such a divorce is also termed ▼ 0.;.» J'iU* :
(Msb :) or the first of these phrases signifies lie
divorced her by a divorce cither cut off, [meaning
decided and irrevocable,] or cutting off. (Mgh.)
And 5* l&j \i&, (As, T, S, M, Msb,) and
♦ ULy, (M,) He divorced her by three divorces
so as to cut her off' from returning : (M, Msb :)
or by three divorces cut off from himself [so as
to be irrevocable] : (S :) or by three divorces
cutting off [from returning], (TA.) __ uUu.

U/, and HZ/, and v UU;, [may mean He swore
decidedly, or decisively ; or irrevocably : or] he
swore with effect, or execution, or performance ;
[sec 1, near the end of the paragraph ;] from the
signification of " cutting," or " cutting off," &c. :
(M :) [or, as also] l^ tL»j >_i,U., and i^, (Msb,
TA,) and t £(,, (Mgh,» Msb,) and * iSli,', (TA,)
he twore an oath that wut, or proved, true.
(Msb.) — U/ (jfcyJW 0**J» He ground with the
mill, turning it, (AZ, T,) or beginning the turn-
"V» (?,)/rom hit left : (AZ, T, S :) [i. e., making
it to turn in the contrary way of the hands of a
watch: the last word is app. an inf. n. ; as though
meaning effectually ; for this is the general and
easier or more powerful way of turning the hand-
mill :] the contrary way is termed \ } jL : (AZ,
T, S :•) or Uj t>Lj» signifies he began in the
turning [of the milt] with the left [hand]. (K :
[but jl— J^ is here evidently put by mistake for

^LJI Qk.])mmA kind qfj^> [q- v.] called
p.L>, (Lth, T,) or a [garment of tlie hind called]

»L_&, (M, Mgh,) square, or four-sided, (Lth.T,
M,) thick, (Lth, T, M, Mgh,) loose, or uncom-
pact, in texture, (M,) and green [or rather of a
dingy ash-colour, or dark dust-colour, for such

i ■ . m * * * 1

is the general meaning of ^«a».t, the term here
used, when applied to a garment of this kind] ;
(Lth, T, M ;) or, as some say, (M,) of [the soft
hair termed] ^j, and of wool; (M, Mgh ;) and
thus described in the Kifuyet cl-Mutahaffidh :

[Book I.

(TA :) or a yjLJLk of [the material termed] )*.,
(S,Mgh,K,) and the like: (S, K :) pi. 0>£
(Lth, T, S, Mgh,) or OW, (M,) but the former
occurs in trails. [&c.], (TA,) and [pi. of pauc]
1ft (M.)

i^: see c-J. — iijf iliil % (S, M, K,) as
also Q, (S, K,) the latter mentioned by IF,
(Msb,) but IB says that Sh and his companions
allow only the former, and that only Fr allows
the latter, (TA,) and some say that the former
has licen heard pronounced with the disjunctive •
[£JI], (Ml',) and thus it is written in a copy of
the K, (TA,) but others greatly disapprove of this,
(MF,) [meaning / will not do it, decidedly, or
absolutely,] is said of anything in respect of which
there is no returning, or revoking; (S, IF, M,

Msb, K ;) iiJI being said of a thing to be done, or
performed, irrevocably, and from which there is
no abstaining by reason of sluggishness ; (T ;) as
though the speaker cut off the doing of the tiling :
(M :) the last word is in the accus. case as an
inf. n. : (S :) Sb says, it is a corroborative inf. n.,
and is not used without Jl. (M.) It is said in a
trad., Jli i£jT jl Ajj^yL Jli ILll [7 think he
said Jumeyriyeh, or decidedly he said so] ; as
though the speaker doubted of the female's name,
and said, " I think it was Juweyriych ;" then

corrected, and said, " or I know," or " declare,"

i it 'rtf

" decidedly, (w~/l, i. c. f-lail,) that he said Ju-
weyriych : I do not [merely] think." (Suhcch of
Muslim.)

• -, I.

tZAif. sec Oy, in seven plaees A man is

•t — f^
said to be j-ol oLj .Jlfr, meaning On the point

of [accomplishing, or deciding,] an affair. (S, A,
K-) A rujiz says,

♦ V"Ui lJs. wife <U.U.j '

[Many a needful affair 1 was on the point of
accomplishing]. (S.) s Travelling provisions :
(S, M, A, K :) and requisites, equipments, or fur-

• * * mat

niture ; syn. jl^ : (S, K :) pi. V$. (S.) A
verse of Tarafeh cited voce c\f exhibits an ex. of
the former signification. (TA.) Also The uten-
sils and furniture of the house or tent ; or house-
hold goods : (S, M, K :) pi. as almvc. (K.) It is
said in a trad., oUJt ^s. ^J~» J^-y. *) [The
tithe of the utensils &c. of the house or tent shall
not be taken from you] : (S :) i. e., no poor-rate
shall be levied upon such utensils &.c. that are not
for traffic. (A 'Obcyd.)

L5? :

see what next follows.

o£ (S, Mgh.K) and tj^ (S,K) A maker,
(S,) or seller, of the kind of garment called Of.
(S,Mgh,K.) '

1 - s - • ,

Ob : sec o^, in three places. _ Cut off from

[the possession of] reason, or intellect, by drunken-
ness: (AHn, M :) or drunken : (K :) and stupid,

or foolish : (S, K :) and Ob Jk>o-I signifies very
stupid or foolish, (T, M,) accord, to Lth ; but
[Az adds,] what we remember to have heard

from those deserving of confidence is ^j\j, from

^tUJt, meaning jl_*JI ; like as one says, J^a-I

Book I.]

j*b s?h j->U- [explained in art. j—*-]- (T.)
[See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.] __
Also Lean, or meagre, (S, M, K,) and unable to
rise, or stand. (T A .)

£&■

see

£}*~* A woman absolutely separated by divorce,

so as to be eut off from return : originally Oji~o

V#*£. (Mgh, Msb.)

S '•*
^.....<, A mnn unable to proceed in his journey,

his camel tliat bore him having broken down, or

stopped from fatigue, or perished; (T, M,* TA ;)

syn. a/ «i»i_<> : (S, Mgh, TA :) or mho remains

on his road unable to attain the place to which he

is directing his course, the beast or camel that

bore him (<>*i) having broken down, or stopped
from fatigue, or perished. (TA.)

1. £, (T,S, M, &c.,) aor -' , (M, Mgh, Msb,)
inf. n. *Ji; (T,S, M,&c.;) and t^| ; (T;) He
cut, or cut off, a tiling before it was complete:
(S, A, L, Msb :) or he cut, or cut off, (M, Mgh,
^C,) in any manner: (M :) or he cut off (a tail
or the like, T) entirely, or utterly. (Aboo-Is-hak,

T, M, K.) ojZj, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above ;

(TA ;) or * ij^\ ; (M, L ;) lie cut off his tail :
(K :) or lie cut, or amputated, his tail in any
place. (M, I..)__<JL»».j £>, (M,) aor. as above,
(M, K,) iintl so the inf. n., (M,) -flte cirf, or
severed, the tics, or bonds, of his relationship; he
disunited himself from his relations. (M, K.*)=
j£, aor. ' , (S, M«b, K,) inf. n. j£, (S, Msb,) 7/e
(any beast, M) had his toil cut off: (S, Msb,K:)
or [had either the whole or a juirt of his tail cut
off';] had his tail cut, or amputated, in any place.
(M.)

3

4 : sec 1, in two places. __ [Hence,] ejJJl said
of God, He made him to be. w become, JU\, (S,
£,) i. c., without offspring, or progeny. (TA.)

5 : see 7.

7. j—il J< (a tail or the like, T) became cut, or
<** <#> (T, S, M, K, TA,) in ««»/ place, (M,) or
entirely; (T, M ;) and T _j~3 signilii s the same.
(TA.)

sec jj(t

sec j^>

•,*■ •-■'

jU/: sec^W-

_p^ A cutting, or sharp, sword ; (T, S, M, £ ;)

as also t JuJ (T, M, £) and * )£ (M) and * J£.

(K.) [But all of these except the first are app.

intensive epithets, signifying very sharp.] _ Sec
• A

also yl-t.

j^l A tail cw< off entirely. (T, L.)__Any
beast (M) having the tail cut off: (T, S, A, Msb,
]£ :) or [having cither tAe Wtofe or a ;>ar< of the
tail cut off;] having the tail cut, or amputated,
t» any place : (M :) fem. it/L/ ; witli winch

♦ S,^L* is syn. : (Mgh, Msb :) pi. j^. (A, Msb.)
_ iA certain malignant, or noxious, serpent :
(£ :) or a short-tailed serpent : (Mgh ; and Ed-
Durr en-Netheer, an abridgment of the Nh of
IAth, by El-Jclal :) or a certain species of blue
serpent, having its tail [as it were] cut off, which
none in a state of pregnancy sees without casting
her burden : (ISh :) or the kind of serpent called
(jlkli, having a short tail : no one sees it without-
fleeing from it, and no one in a state of pregnancy
beholds it without casting her young : it is thus
called only because of the shortness of its tail, as
though its tail were cut off. (M.) _t A leathern
water-bag, and a bucket, having no loop. (M,
K.) — . ^Defective, deficient, incomplete, or im-
perfect. (Mgh.) __ t In want, or poor. (M, K.)
— t Suffering loss; syn. ^-La.. (M, K-) —
t One from whom all good, or prosperity, is cut
off. (M.) __ t Having no offspring, or progeny;
(Aboo-Is-hak, T, S, M, IAth, £ ;) as also » jj(f\

(M,K) and*>£U. (IAth.) [The dim., t J£t,
occurs in a trad., in this sense, or in some other
sense implying contempt.] __ f Anything cut off,
(K,) or anything of which the effect is cut off,
(S,) from good, or prosperity. (S, K.) [See an
ex. in a trad, cited voce Jli.]__il^ <Lb^ -\A
rt.kj. [q. v.] in which the speaker does not praise
God nor bless the Prophet : (S, A, SL :) particu-
larly applied to a certain iJkui. of Ziyad. (S, A.)

l\£l IsuLj, (TA,) and [its dim.] **££, (S,

TA,) \A single ix£>j [q. v.] performed instead
of the complete performance of the prayer called

jjfi I : or a i*i=, cut short, or cut off, after the

completion of one <**£>j, wlien both were to have

* * at
been performed. (TA.)__ Ol)-*-/^' 1 The ass

(^jOI) and the slave : (ISk, S, A, K :) so called

been use of the little good that is in them : (ISk,

S :) each is called y&l. (K.)

Jl^l t Short ; (M, K ;) as though cut off from
completion. (M.) __ See also jifl. — Also + A
man who cuts, or severs, the ties, or bonds, of his
relationship ; who disunites himself from his rela-
tions; (S, M,K;) as also IjJit : (A:) or quick
to cut, or sever, tke ties, or bonds, between him
and his friend. (IAar.)

, »A

1. ^, (S,K,) aor. '-, (?,) inf. n. ^, (ISh,
S, K,) He (a horse, K) teas, or became, long in
the neck, and at the same time strong in its base :
(S, K :) or thick and fleshy in the neck : or strong

in the neck. (ISh.) It, (the body,) and he, (a

man,) was, or became, strong in the joints. (£,
TA.) as suit, aor. ; , lie prepared, and made, the
beverage called j*J. (Ibn-'Abbad, K.) [See *^.]

*Zt, with fet-h, [perhaps a mistake for *^, (see
1,)] Strength. (TA.)

149

£ (S, Mgh,£) and t^ (3, £) [Hydromel,
or] Ju-J of honey, (?,?,) tfiatkas become strong ;
(K ;) JuJ made of honey, at though it men mint
in strength, the drinking of which it disapproved;
(El-'Eyn ;) an intoxicating beverage made of
honey, in El-Yemen: (Mgh :) or mine made of
fresh dates: (Ibn-El-Bey(dr, cited by Golius:)
or the pure juice of grapes; (Ibn-'Abbad,l£;)
said by some to be so called by reason of the
strength therein, from »^, [inf. n. of »^,] mean-
ing " strength of the neck :" (TA :) or the former
signifies mine : (K. :) or mine ma tie of honey :
( AHn :) a word of the dial, of El- Yemen : (TA :)
the wine of El-Mcdecnch is from unripe dates,
and from ripe dates; that of the Persians, from
grapes; that of the j)cople of El- Yemen is O,
and is from honey; and that of the Abywinians is
i£sJL,. (Aboo-Moosa El-Ash'arcc.) [See J>*-]
ass See also *i>.

t .

yuj A horse long in the neck, and at the same

time strong in its bate : fem. with i : (As, S, K :)
or long in tke neck. (IAar.) You say also JUt
Lie (ISh, TA) and IjQ (TA) A strong neck : or
an excessively long neck : (TA :) or a thick and

. 3 .ml

fleshy neck : (ISh :) and '*■*> [in like manner]
signifies full, applied to a 4-y [app. hero mean-
ing a pastern], (]£,) accord, to Lth, who cites,
from Ru-bch, the phrase *lf\ U_> j : but IB thinks

that the right reading is «^>l I j~o- [a full neck].

(TA.) Also A tall man : (L, TA :) in this

sense, accord, to the K, ♦ «^, which is a mistake :

(TA:) fern, with S. (L,TA.) And Strong in

tke joints, applied to a body, (Lth, ]£,) and to a

man ; as also ♦ «IjI : (£ :) fern, of the former

with » : (TA :) and of * the latter, ibCJ : and pi.

of the latter, »i. (K.)

«u* pl. of iUZ^, fem. of %Zf\ 9 q. v.
• * • »

eU; A vintner, in the dial, of El- Yemen. (TA.)
[See £Zj.]

*3li Strong. (TA.)

sd>\ : sec *Z/, in three places. = It is also a
word used as a corroborative : yon say, '^3^"

3. it . 3. • I - 3 , » I

^yUrfl ^jyC£->\ ) jj».».l [They came, all of them,

* * - » t j •* »0
or aU together] : (§ :) and ^yu&l >yU! .U.
* * m t$ » **ee i *

^jyua^l Oyw' [tke people, or company of men,

came, all of them, or all together] : (AHcyth :)

and oyw< O^*^' 0>«-=»' O***^' -** A =» 'JjV
[tkey came, all of them, all together] : these words
which follow ^»,«fcl being imitative scqucnts to
it, not occurring save after it [in the order above] :
(O, K:) or one may begin with whichsoever of
them he will, after it. (Ibn-Keystm, $.) And

[the fem. is iU^ :] you say ,'U«» \X£» iL-iJI
'JjCJ l\iu*i iiSim [The tribe, all of it, all together:
in the CK, erroneously, iW£» (with dumm and
.!>) and ibJJ and 1\j£]. (K.) And [the pl. of
'AjCj is *«ij, originally O^UC/:] yon say xllll

loO

i >i

*Zi iucu *Zz» a^to cH^ 9 [The women, all of
them, all together : in the OK, erroneously, %+*>-
%~> «-ay f-^i though it is well known that each
of these is determinate, and imperfectly declin-
able]. (K.) It is only necessary that he who
mentions nil these words should mention first
J», and follow it with the word formed from
p> *-, then add the rest in whatsoever order he
will; but the more approved way is to put the
word formed from c o J before the rest. (TA.)
Fr mentions the phrases ***•) j-ai)\ .. ^ cl [The
palace pleased me, all of it, or altogether], and

*■ ' • - ) A

;lii» jtjJI [the house, all of it, or altogether],
with i he accus. case, as denotative of state; but docs

<•*■••* I'M

not allow Qj»«fcl nor **»- to be used otherwise
iliiwi as corroboratives: IDrst, however, allows
-I to be used as a denotative of state ; and

this is correct; and accord, to both these ways
is related the trad., ^ . h qj w I Lj^JU- IjJLos and

»l [Ami pray ye sitting, all of you, or all
together] ; though some make Qi***\ [here] to
be a corroborative of a pronoun understood in the

incus, case, as though the speaker said, jJ^tA

* • t
O e« »»l [I moan you, all of you, or all together].

(K.) [But sec £<U-1.]

1. *Jw, nor. ; and '- , (S, K,) inf. n. jJL,', (S,)
//« ait it ; or severed it, or cu< ir ojf, (S, K,)
entirely, or /mm its root ; (TA ;) and in like-
manner, t IxL, (K,) inf. n. JUJ ; (TA ;) but JU;
is with teshdeed to denote muchness, or frequency,
of the action, or its application to many objects.

(S,TA.) >U»fyl ,jliT *o&«&> in A" Kur [iv. 118],
accord, to Abu-l-'Abbus, (TA,) means /1«<Z they
shall assuredly cut, or cut off, the cars of the
cattle : (S,» TA :) or, as Az thinks, slit the ears
of the cattle, as they did in the time of ignorance.
(TA.)_ Also lie plucked it out; he laid hold
upon it and pulled it towards him so that it
became severed from its root and plucked out ;
(Lth,S,*TA;) namely, a hair, or feather, or the
like. (Lth.TA.)

2 : see 1, in two places.

8 : see 7.

7. Jl V »l It became cut; or became severed, or
cut off, (S,» K,) entirely, or from its root ; (TA;)
and in like manner, ▼ Jlij. (K.) _ Also It
became plucked out. (Lth, TA.)

*£** (?> K) and i£j (K) A piece, or portion,
of a thing, «<< o/f, or severed : pi. jJU^. (S, K.)
Hence tlic saying of the poet, (8,) namely, Zu-
heyr, (TA,)

• V >$*M Jfi» oyi U lil JL

i£ 1^, ^ aim j£ ojlfc •

[ Until, when the hand of the boy descends to her,
she flies, while portions of Iter feathers, plucked out,

are in his hand]. (S, TA.) And [hence,] t. a.

yV**" O* * W » [»• e. j4 portion at the commence-
ment of the latter parts of the night, accord, to
the S and K in art. j^+ j or a remaining portion

of darkness in the latter part of the night, accord,
to the K in that art.] : (S, K :) as though it were
a division [or portion cut off] of the night (TA.)

f «•

jJyJ : see what next follows.

JUV (applied to a sword, S) Sharp, or cutting;
(S, EL;) as also * J^J: (K :) [but the latter is
an intensive epithet, signifying very sharp; or
cutting much, or keenly] : the pi. [of the former]
isJbl^'. (TA.)

J*

1. 1£, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. - , (S,) or '- ,
(Msb,) or both, (M, K,) inf. n. J£, (Lth, T, S,
&c.,) He cut it off, or severed it ; (M, Msb, ]£ ;)
as also t ,0=,, (M, K,) inf. n. J^' : (TA :) he
separated it (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, K) from another

thing. (Lth, T, S, M, K.) [Hence,] ?£dl j$

He made the performance of the ij+z [or minor
pilgrimage] to be obligatory, by itself. (A, TA.)

And j_£>»«JI "Ji He made the ^£j*z to be obli-
gatory [upon himself] ; i. c., tlie saying, I have
assigned to time my house that thou mayest inhabit
it to the end of my life. (TA.)sr= j£, aor. - ,
inf. n. jjj, [but accord, to analogy, this should
rather be ,Ji,] He (a man) teat, or became, wide
between tlie shoulders. (T.)

2 : see 1, in two places : = and sec also 5 : ^=

f A' J

and J— -«.

5. JiJ : sec 7, in two places. _ [Hence,] He

was, or became, alone. (TA.) Also, (S,) or

& Jl tW, (M, K,) and »j5,, (S,» K,) inf. n.
J~Z*j, (S,) 7/e detached himself from worldly
things, and devoted himself to God : (S :) or he
devoted himself to God exclusively, and was sin-
cere, or without hypocrisy, towards Him: (M,
K :) he forsook every other thing, and applied
himself to the service of God : (Fr,T:) he devoted
himself exclusively to the service of God: (AIkjo-
Is-hak, T :) or he abstained from sexual inter-
course: (KO or J^jJ [alone] has this signification ;
(M,TA;) or he separated himself from women,
and abstained from sexual intercourse : and hence,
is metaphorically employed to denote exclusive
devotion to God. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur
[lxxiii. 8], ^J dJI j£jj, (T, S, M,) for jls

"hj *JI. (T.) You say also, SJ>C*)\ ^'l jli
He applied himself exclusively to the service of
God. (Msb.) _ c-vUJ, said of a woman, S/ie
adorned and beautified herself. (TA.)

7. JJ^Jl It was, or became, cut off, or severed;
(S, M, K;) as also * j£j. (M, K.) You say,
■ it ..,i l l C J Util, (K, [in a copy of the M *oJUJ^I,
probably a mistranscription,]) The shoot, or offset,
of the palm-tree was cut off, or severed, \y+\ l j^
[from its mother-tree] ; as also ▼ c.Lj and
*cXwl. (M, K.) __ oj~i (-» jJjlJI He strove,
laboured, or exerted himself, and made much
progress, in his journeying, or pace. (TA.)

8: see 7.
10: see 7.

J^ tUat J. ^j/i <Aa< m [a* t* nw*] c«^ off;

[Book I.

i. e., of which there is not the like; "or after
which another is not given. (M, K.) And A»j-»

SjU^, (M, K,) and aJU; i|? S juo, (TA,) ^n a/»u,
or a <7i/i ybr </je *aAe of God, cut off from its
giver : (M, K :) or cut off from all the property
[irrevocably], to be devoted to tlie cause of God.
(O, TA. [See also art. o*.]) You say also,
y^i U/ *Jsui)l tjjk Gj k*\ : see art. Co. And

''•^ *5*

#*•' <a- «'»r

iL0 ii VXU>; (S;) oriLii iiU, l^ilfc ;
(Msb ;) [7/e divorced her by a separating
divorce; or by a decided and irrevocable di-
vorce; (see art. c~> ;)] * the last word being a
corroborative of that next preceding it. (TA.)
And ili> Uj*j UUi 7/c «wore a decided [or an
irrevocable] oath. (M, TA. [See also a similar
phrase voce Oy.]) — Also 7Vtf//t ; or true :
whence ^IU/ *» *»"»» ; or /ru/y. (TA.)

Jyj yl */ioi*r, or an offset, of a palm-tree, cut
off' from its mother-tree, and independent tliereof;
as also t i^, (A ? , T, S, M, K,) and t J^J.
(M,K.)^>1 virgin, that, is cut off from hus-
bands : (S :) a woman that withholds herself
from men, (T,) or that is cut off' from men, (M,
K,) having no desire fur them, (T, M, TA,) nor
need of them; (T ;) and, with the art. Jl, applied
to the Virgin Mary; (M,K;) as also T J«^:
(M, K:) with the art. Jl, it is applied also to
Fiitimeh, the daughter of Mohammad, because
she was separated from the [other] women of
her age and nation by cliasteness and excel-
lence and religion and [other] grounds of preten-
sion to respect: (Ahmad Ibn-Ysihya, T, K: g ) or
it signifies, (S.) or signifies also, (K,) a woman
detached from, worldly things, and devoted to
God ; (S, K ;) as also * J-Xj and ♦ iLl>. ( Ibn-
•Abbad, K.)

J^. T ^ : sec J>-^j, in three places. __ Also
Slender ; (Hum p. .580 ;) applied to a waist ;

(Ham,TA;) as also tjl^- (TA.) A tree

having its racemes pendulous. (K. [Sec also

J^o.]) A watercourse (Ibu-'Abhad, M, K) in

the lower part of a valley : pi. jl>. (M, K.)

iXc2>: sec Jy^, in two places. __ Also Any
limb, or member, (Lth, T, S, M, K,) with its flesh,
(Ltli, T, S,) separate from others, (M, K,) or by

itself: (Lth.T:) pi. J56. (Lth, T, S, &c.)

In one dial., (M,) The posteriors; (M, K ',)
because divided [or distinct] from tlie baek. (M.)
— <ulj ,>• ilw 15^ r», and <ulj v >. t ,^i,',
[He proceeded according to] an irrevocable deter-
mination or resolution. (Ibn-'Abbud, K.)

* '* £ ******

Jj^l ; fern. ?$£( : for the latter, see what next

*>* 0* 1- ft J

precedes i"^Jj ij^e- [A minor pilgrimage] not

conjoined with another. (K.)_— And Jil, applied
to a man, Wide between tlie shoulders. (T.)

j£i, (As,T,S,) or ii^i, (M,K,TA, [in the

CK, erroneously, fU U>«,]) the first being [in the

opinion of ISd] pi. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of

t •* *. •*

the second, like as j-oJ is of Sj+j, (M,) A palm-

tree (i^=«~J) having a shoot, or an offset, cut off
from it and independent of it ; (As , T, S, M,
K ;) and used in like manner as a pi. ; i. e., the

Book I.]

first is also used as a pi. : (S :) or the first signi-
fies solitary, or isolated: (Ibn-Habecb, TA :) or
of which the racemes are pendulous. (TA. [See
also Je4])

JJL* : see J^J <U~-»i applied to a woman,

Beautiful, elegant, or pretty; (K;) as though
her beauty were divided into portions (*J^,
i. e. iii,) [and distributed in due proportions]
upon her limbs : (M,» $ :) or perfect in make,
(S,) whose flesh is not accumulated, one portion
upon another, (S,M,$,) but distinctly disposed;
this latter being said by some to be the meaning :
(M:) or, accord, to Lh, (M,TA,) having a
lanhncss, or looseness, in her limbs ; (M,1£,TA ;)
not having them compressed, one upon anotlier ;
(M:) or as though the flesh were cut off from
them: (TA :) and in like manner, Ji~o applied
to a camel : (M, It :) not applied as an epithet
to a man : (S, M, K :) or jLj\ iiZri signifies
distinct in malic from the generality of women;
excelling them [therein] : (Aboo-Su'ccd,T, TA :)
or perfect in matte : or having every part beauti-
ful in itself; not dependent [for its beauty] upon
anotlier port : (T :) or beautiful in make ; not
with one part fulling slwrt of another [in beauty] ;
not being beautiful in the eye and ugly in tlie
nose, nor beautiful in tlie nose and ugly in tlie
eye; but perfect. (IAar, TA.)

J _-_' ' » Cut off, or severed. (S.) — [And
hence,] 3XC~» *^ij* An irrevocable determina-
tion or resolution. (TA.)

1. J&, (Lth,T,S,M,A,S,) aor. '- (Lth,T,
M, L, K) and s , (M, L, K,) the latter [anoma-
lous, and therefore] thought by MF to be a
mistake, arising from confounding *l~t With Oy,
he not knowing any authority for it except the
K, (TA,) inf. n. O*; (Lth, T, M, L ;) and tj^t,
(S, M, K,) inf. n. i,£l ; (TA ;) and t ^, ($,)
or this has an intensive signification; (S;) and
t <£$, (S, K,) inf. n. Ii£ ; (S ;) He spread it ;
(S, A, 1£ ;) he dispersed it, scattered it, or dis-
seminated it ; (Lth, T, S,* M, A, K ;) namely, a
thing; (Lth, T, M, A,' L ;) or tnews, tidings,
or infonnntion. (S, A, L, £.) You say, 1^
j'UM ^i J*i^, » They spread, or dispersed, the
horses, or horsemr . \n the hostile incursion. (T,
M,»A,L.) And VW> J> J^Li\ «t* He (tlie
Sultan) spread, or dispersed, the army in the
provinces. (Msb.) And */££» <£** He (the
hunter, A, L) sjncad, or dispersed, his dogs (T,
A, L) J*^" (JLc- [against the chase, or game].
(A.) And JUJ» ibT l»t, (aor. « , inf. n. £*,
Msb,) God spread, or dispersed, mankind, or
the beings whom, He created, t^y^l ^ [in the.
earth]: (T, A:) or God created them. (Msb.)
fuim \jJ£=> *^U-j Cyi* w-O. m the Kur [iv. 1.],
means And spread, or dispersed, and multiplied,
from them two, many men, and women. (T )
You say also, LJ~J\ C-4f The carpets were spread.

(T.) And C^JI ^ <& fUJI 3-J He spread
out the furniture, or utensils, in the sides of tlie
tent, or house, or chamber. (A.) And jUill w^,
(K,) and ?«£$, (S,K.) He, or it, raued t/te

dust. (S,$.) And v!P' t ^5 IIe t or U >
raised the dust, or earth, and removed it from

that which was beneath it. (M.) And " t>£~4
They uncovered him. (Hr, M, L, from a trad,
respecting a dying Jew.) And w»j,a»JI w~j
t He spread, published, or revealed, the discourse,
narration, or information. (Msb.) And, accord,
to IF, 11)1 Jul and 1*1$ + [He spread, published,
or revealed, the secret]. (Msb.) And U t Z» • *
^j-Ii ^ji, aor. '-; and iCl ♦ *£ii^l; \ I revealed,
or showed, to him what was in my mind. (A.)
And J^ t ilii$, (S,) or jjl ; (K. ;) and
jj» «•£!£, (K,) inf. n. J4; (TA;) + J re-
vealed, or showed, to him my secret, or <Ac secret:
(S, K :) or J^ * i£i# (T) and jj- * iii3w
(A) t J acquainted him with my secret : (T, A :)
and <1-:J» H * *^l t ' te acquainted him with the
discourse, narration, or information. (M.) And
»J^LL aL f//e complained to him of his state,
or condition. (M, in art. j*^>.)

2. Jy <1 ^4; /Te spread, or disseminated, the
news, tidings, or information, much : (S :) or

»". <7. «2$, q. v. (K.)

3. ij£- tf ! JV : see 1 ; last sentence but one.

__ SjCJi C^Ij t [Between them two is a mutual
revealing of secrets : see 6]. (A.)

.- / o - el

4: see 1, in 6ix places Jl " -« »^1 [without

a second objective complement,] 1 1 revealed, or
showed, or Aom revealed or shown, to thee my
3^i, (S,TA,) whence the verb in this sense is
derived ; (TA ;) i. e., my state, (S,) or my grief,
or sorrow. (S, TA.)

i ~

6. byU f [They revealed secrets, one to another:

see 3]. (K, in art. ^-mJ>.)

7. JS—il It spread; (S, A,^;) it became dis-
persed, scattered, or disseminated; (S, # M,A,K;)
namely, a thing ; (M, L ;) or t news, tidings, or
information. (S, A, L, K.) You say, jliJI C-yl
The horses, or horsemen, spread, or became dis-
persed, or dispersed themselves, (M, L,) in a hostile
incursion. (L.) And ^J})\ ^ >I^Jt i~it 2V*c
locusts spread, or became dispersed, or disj>ersed
themselves, in the land. (M, A, L.)

^ s it

10. »u

151

a -

in the bag or other receptacle; like sti: (M :)
£^> j^3 being a phrase [in which tlie latter word
is an inf. n. used in the sense of a pass. part, n.,]
like j^k *U. (S.)=si state, or condition. (S,

K.) Grief, or sorrow, (T, S, M,) which one

makes known to his companion or friend: (T :)
or violent, or intense, grief or sorrow ; and violent,
or severe, disease or sickness ; as though, in con-
sequence of its violence, one made it known
to his companion or friend : (T, TA :) or the
most violent or intense grief or sorrow. (K.)
Z 'j r-^, occurring in a trad., means My
grief, or sorrow, became violent, or intense. (TA.)

iJjili iV'Jj [' n t,ie K ur Jxxxvi »« 1R 3 means
Goodly carpets, or the like, (lid,) spread: (A,
Bd :) or, accord, to Fr, wmny in number. (T.)

^ '*t : see ^.—Scattered dust: so in the ICur

[lvi. G]. (T.) t Swooning (£) from grief, or

sorrow. (TA.)

rl f He ashed him, or petitioned
him, to reveal it to him. (M, L, 1£.)

R. Q. 1. £&, inf. n. ilij : see 1, in four

places 'j*'$\ «i-w t-H* inquired respecting

the affair or etwtr, scrutinized it, and sought
infoiination respecting it. (T, L.)

1^ (As.S.M.A^and 1 £^», (A,TA,)
both applied to dates, (j£, As, S, &c.,) Scattered,
strewn, d'isjyersed, and separate, (As, S,l£,) our
from another : (As, S :) or separate, or dis-
united, not being packed, or not campact : (A :)
or not well packed, (S, M,) so that they are
separated, or disunited : (M :) or scattered; not

1. £, (S, M, A, Msb, IC,) aor. - , (Msb,)
inf. n.'.& ; (M, Msb, $ ;) and £, (S, M, Msb,
K,) aor. i , (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. ^' (M, Msb, K)
and j^' ; (M, £ ;) and ^5, aor. '- ; (§, Mfb,
?L ;) It (a man's face, S, M, K, or the skin, M,
A, Msb) broke out with pimples, or small pus-
tides; (S, M, A, Msb, K ;) as also t^*J : (M,
A, and some copies of the 1£ :) or this last sig-
nifies it (a man's skin) became blistered, or
vesicated. (S, Msb.)

2. jL( It (tar) [made a camel to break out
with small pustides; or] excoriated a camel, and
made him to bleed. (Ibn-'Abbdd, TA iu art.

5 : sec 1.

$ (S, M, Msb, K) and *&, (M, Meb, ?,)
coll. gen. ns., (M?b,« MF,) originally inf. ns.,
(Msb,) Pimples, or small pustules; (S, M, Msb,
K;) accord, to some, specially upon the face;
(M, TA ;) as also jy* ; (S, Msb ;) which is the
pi. of '£ : (Msb :) ns. un. 5$ (S, M, Msb)
and l&l (M, Msb:) and pi. of this last Olj-* :
(Msb :) or ]£, pi. of '£, signifies pundent pus-
tules like the small-pox, upon the face and other
parts of the person of a man. (T.) You say,
Ul^ij ijij xi -L^L [A pimple, or small pustule,
or purulent pustule, came forth on him, and he
squeezed it]. (A.) And ^Ji '£ »^*H [In his
shin are scattered, or sundry, pimples, &c.]. (A.)

t>^

1. ;U» Jii, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. - and -' , (Msb,)
inf. n. J£, (Mgh, Msb,) He made an opening for
the water by breaking through the bank, or the
dam that confined it. (Mgh, Msb.*) And jy$\ J*,
inf. n. J£ (Lth, Jy) and Ji/i (?, TA,) in some
of the copies of the S [and in the Cl£] Jft, but
this is wrong, though Ru-bch has used it by
poetic license, (TA,) and Jl£i, (K,) He broke
[through] the bank of the river, or rivulet, in

162

order that the water might pour out, or flow
forth; (Lth,K,TA ;) as also tj^, (K,) inf. n.
Je«J ; the latter not commonly mentioned. (TA.)
And \jj=* £oy» J^J\ JjJ, aor. * , inf. n. J& and
Jwy, on the authority of Yaakoob, The torrent
hrohe. through, and clave, such a place. (S.) =
See also^ — o^i\ oiij, (K,) aor. ' , inf. n.
yj~/ and JUJ, (TA,) The eye shed tears quickly.
(A A, £.) _ £bj|| oii, (AZ, K,) aor. J - , (AZ,
TA,) inf. n. Jjy^ The well became full, and
abundant in water. (AZ, K.)=n j£, aor. '-,
[inf. n., by rule, Jl^,] It (need-produce) became
affected with the disease termed J%. (TA.)
2: seel.

7. J*JI It (water) had vent; or it poured out,
or flowed forth : ($, Msb,* $ :) or it ran, or
flowed, of itself, without the breaking through of
a dam or the lihe. (Mgh.) [For j^JL»l, in the
?, Golius appears to have found *-jii\, which is
a mistake The Christians, us Golius has ob-
served, use this verb to denote the procession of
the Holy Spirit.] — ^^U- J^fjl J£JI \Tke tor-
rent came upon them ivithout their expecting it,
or thinking it. (KI,' TA.) And J^ii &)l * &i

fThe water came upon them. (TA.) J£j|

^"^W >•**** { He came upon them with speech
without their expecting it. (K,« TA.) cJLLil

u»j)\ t The land became abundant in herbage, or
fruitful. (TA.)

Or* and 'Jky vln opening made for water by
breahing through the banh, or tlie dam that eon-
fined it : (Mgh, Msb :•) or the place where the
banh of a river, or rivulet, is broken [through] in
order tkat the water may pour out, or flow forth:
a place where water has vent, or pours out, or
flows forth : (JK1 :) or the latter signifies a place
furrowed, or hollowed out, by water ; (JK:) pi.
J>*- (JK, JC.) am Also the former, A disease
tkat affects seed-produce, occasioned by rain.
(TA.)

it if

syj: see &4.

owl* [act part. n. of 1] liiC ajk»J A well

full, and abundant in water. (£.) And lCe
j*t [pi. of JmW], like £J>J [pi. of ^£>tj, app'
Waters flowing forth abundantly]. (TA.) _
[Hence,] >>CM ^^ yk tJX« »> abundant in gene-
rosity. ($.)

*• £^"*» t aor - an< * '"f- "• M below,] J2« rejoiced;
or was joyful, glad, or Aa^py; (S,A;) as also
*£W ! (§, Mgh, £ :) and * the latter signifies
also he. magnified himself; and gloried, or boasted :
(Mgh :) or, accord, to Lh, this verb signifies he
gloried, or boasted ; and vied with others, or con-
tended with them for superiority, in beauty, or
goodliness, in respect of something ; as also ■ , r t " :
or, as some say, he magnified himself: and / i ;
is said to signify he was, or became, great in his
own estimation. (TA.) You say also, <u , » \

lW — aw
(S, Mfb, K,) aor. - , (M ? b,K,) inf. n. LL^; (S,
K, TA ;) and <o £^', (S, Msb, IC,) aor. -' ; (Msb,
K ;) but the latter is of weak authority ; (S, K ;)
He rejoiced in it, or at it; (S,1£;) namely, a
thin g > (? as also *-JLj and ♦-. J >^.l .- (TA :)
or he gloried in it, or boasted of it; and so
f £*~>- (Msb.) And Uic ♦^jl-i' ^^j, and
W* >»» ■» ": !) <S«cA a one talks foolishly, or m-a-
tionally, [to vs, assuming superiority over us,] by
'reason of self-conceitcdness : and so one says in
speaking of a person in jest. (TA.) = Sec also 2.

2. *m^4 It (a thing, or an affair, TA) rejoiced
him ; made him joyful, glad r or liajypy ; (A, TA ;)
as also tJL*^l. (TA.) And t 7, , ',, (inf. n.
ft^ A ?> R>) I rejoiced him ; made him joyful,
&c. : (S, Mgh, K. :) or, as some say, magnified
him: (TA:) and t ^ ly, aor. ; , I magnified
it ; namely, a tiling. (Msb.)

4 : see 2.

5 : see 1, in five places.

8 - C>*» v" j il—Jt Women, or the women, vie.
or contend for superiority, one with another, in
beauty, or goodliness, and t'n glorying, or boasting.
(A,TA.)

8 : see 1.

»^ Rejoicing, glad, or happy; as in the
phrase, l^& O*^ ?-*-/ W [^ aw rejoicing in
such a place] ; and so <o ♦-, ^ T. c . (A.)

[Book I.
circumstances of a case or an affair: as also
T Sj*!~t and » 5 jl*_p : (S, L, K :) or the true, or
real, state or circumstances thereof; the positive,
or established, truth thereof ; from (jtCjl^ jm. ; .

'ijJj'ii*. (S.A,L,)
i, (S, L,) 7/c m ac-

(A.) You say, j^l 3

.•It

*5»»a.«. i , and "*3ja> .,»

r-^i Joyful; [an intensive epithet] applied to

a man. (TA.)

t

£-»-Ij Great i» estimation ; applied to a man :

■ •' s ' . « • »
pi. ^^and^.^. (TA.)

^»-L« [a pi. of which the sing, is app. *- q, : - j
meaning, accord, to analogy, ^4. rat»« of joy or
gladness or happiness]. You say, , ~'^M a^« ,j 1>: si
»»l | i% [app. / experienced from it, or A»'to,

<A« rause.* of success, and the causes of joy &c.].
(A,TA.)

see

C^'

1. o^oJW ^, (S,A,L,?,«) aor.S (L,)
inf.ji. J^ (9,1, 1^) and J^Lj ; (Kr;) and
♦ J*t-/, inf. n. ^--3 ; (L, JJL ;) /fc remained,
stayed, abode, or aW<, (S, A, L, !£,) t'» <Ac
place; (S, A, L;) settled, or remained fixed, in
it; not quitting it. (A.) — J/^| oj^, (L,
£,) inf. n. j^y ; and t OjlI-/ ; (L ;) TA* canted
Ae/>< to Me place of pasturing. (L, ^.)

2: see 1, in two places.

Jk4»v J. company, or an assembly, of men : and
a hundred, and more, of horses : (L, I£ :) on the
authority of El-Hejeree : (TA :) pi. l^. (L.)

•«*^»V «• ?• J-ol [The root, basis, or foundation;
or the origin, or source; or the »nort essential

part, or very essence; of a thing]. (£.) And

[hence, app.,] The inward, or intrinsic, slate or

an

quainted with the inward, or intrinsic, state or
circumstances of thy case or affair : (S, L :) or,
Wirt t/te frw, or real, state or circumstances
thereof; with the jwsitive, or established, truth
thereof. (A.) And iUi s'JJJ »J^, (S, K,) with
ft*t-h, (S,) /Te possesses the knowledge of that.
(S,K.) And hence, (S,) l^juLj ChI"^, (?, K,)
conlr. o/lyjo^J ^t yk, (A in art, J*^»,) or, as
in the books of proverbs, Cjj-»v ^1 Ul, the
[affixed] pronoun referring to ^j^l [understood],
as is said by Meyd and Z, (TA,) epplicd to
[signify He is, or I am,] the person acquainted
with the thing ; (S, L, I£ ;) possessing, or exer-
cising, tlie skill requisite for it ; (S, L ;) tke dis-
criminator, or disccrncr, thereof; (L ;) and one
says likewise, \JjJLl ^T 3 \£jjU C*t%i : (TA :)
it is also applied to [signify he is, or I am,] the
skilful guide of the way [thereof] : (L, K :) and
hence, [accord, to some,] it is proverbially applied
to any one acquainted with an affair; skilful
therein : (TA :) and to [signify he is, or I am,]
tke person who will not quit, or depart from, his
place; from the saying ^l^)U j^ ' t • (L:) or
tke person who will not depart from his saying :
(K : [there explained by the words -L^Ij ^ ^i

ffy O-f '• "ut the TA supplies some apparent
omissions in this explanation, making it to agrco
with that which here immediately precedes it,
taken from the L ; and adds that, in some copies
of the K, a)y ^e. is erroneously put for <Jy ^yt;
also, that he who remains in a place knows that
place :]) or, accord, to some, »J^ signifies dust,
or earth ; so that Vjju^ ^Ja lit i s as though it
meant / am created of its dust, or earth. (TA.)
— Also A [desert, such as is termed] XjL^,.
(K..) Kaab Ibn-Znheyr uses the phrase l^JJLy \>?l
as meaning Its male chameleon; the pronoun
referring to a desert (y&) which ho is describing.
(TA.) And you say of a land covered with
black locusts, Sj-Jj sJuLj Ji>/$\ .-- ^ \'J \ [The
land became, or. has become, one desert, destitute
of vegetable produce]. (L.)

»j*^ and IjU) ^: see 5j*~;; each in two
places.

jU^ A striped garment of tke kind called
A-^j (?» A, L, K,) being one of the kinds of
,U-£> worn by tke Aralis of tke desert : (S, L :)
or, of which the wool has been spun, or twisted,
in tlie manner termed ij-j, [npp. a mistranscrip-
tion for tj-j (see^-j Ji» in art. j-i)], and woven
witk the instrument called *Sa~o : pi. j^ : a
single oblong piece thereof is called JLjli, of

which the pi. is £ii. (L, TA.) Also A kind

of tent, of [tke soft hair called] jq. (Ibn-El-
Kclbce, TA voce o^, q. v.)

4*\t Remaining, staying, abiding, or dwelling,

Book I.]

in a place; (L ;) settled, or remaining fixed, in
a land. (A.)

1. 'j^t, aor. - , (M, K,) inf. n. j^, (S, M,)
He (a man, S) had his navel, or the part re-
maining of the navel-string after it had been cut,
protruding, (S, K,) elevated, and hard, (TA,)
and thick at the base, (S, M,) and fleshy at the
neck, or slender part, with wind remaining in
the enlarged part. (M.) __ He mas, or became,
large in the belli/. (K.) — His (a man's, TA)
belly became full of milk, (K,) or pure milk,
(TA,) and of water, and he was not satiated;
(£;) as tdno'jaJn (TA :) or he drank much
milk, or water, and was hardly, or not at all,
satiated. (Lh,TA.)

• • ' * • * • i i

jf-i : sec j*f~/, in tlircc placcB.

jMf~i A swelling, or inflation, of the belly ; as
also *j ~ ; : (Fr, TA :) or prominence in the
belly. (Harp.03».)«i7l't;»/; mischief: a great,
terrible, or momentous, thing or case ; (AZ, S,
K ;) as also t^-J and * ^jph : (TA :) a won-
derful thing: (K:) a calamity, or misfortune;
(S;) as also t^ (TA) and t^^-/ (S,K)
and t ajj4-j : (K :) pi. of ^LJ [or 1 (I - P 1 -. bcin S
app. pi. of the pi. of pauc. j»h^,] J*W > and P'*
pi. (as though pi. of the pi. jU»y1, T) ^e^-V' :
(^ :) and pi. of * yjj^i (S,K) and of * LjjJ-J

(K) L$jW (?» S) You 8R y J"H i« -^ S"' ca <»

again,

terrible, or momentous, thing or cimc. (TA.) And
1/^4) tj» > Jl5 [i/e *««/ a ./»«* ««''] « wonder-
ful thing. (TA.) And^-WW *Jj--i *>! P«%
Ae Jinn/;* fo pass calamities, or misfortunes. (A.)
And iVjC J1 <L» c-JU I exjterienced from him
calamities, or misfortunes. (AZ, S.) And $*> l*il
t^* 'ii ji ^Li" or^«-JI [It u only the daybreak
or misf>rtvne] : a saying of Aboo-Bekr ; mean-
ing, if thou wait until the daybreak shine, thou
wilt see the way ; but if thou journey without a
guido in the darkness, it will lead thee to evil : but
the saying is recited differently ; with jm~J\ in the
place of ja^N. (L. [See^-i-]) — [Scealso jL^.]
^Lyinf. n. ofl[q. v.]. (M.) — See also j*~i.

*jm*i A man (TA) having his belly full of milk,
(K,) or pure milk, (TA,) and of water, without
being satiated: ($ :) or drinking much milk, or
water, and being hardly, or not at all, satiated.
(Lb,TA.)

i'. m '. Prominence, or protrusion, in the navel :
(Mgh :) or largeness of the belly : pi. Ol^.
(Yakoot, TA.) [See what next follows.]

ijttf^l A tumour, or swelling, or an inflation, in
the navel; the like of which in the back is termed
i^Js. : (I Aar, I Ath :) or the part of the navel-
string which remains after it has been cut, when
it is thick at the base, and ficshy at the neck, or
slender part, with wind remaining in the enlarged
part; as also *£ly: (ISd, L:) or the navel,
(L, ]£,) of a man and of a camel, (L,) whether
large or not : (L, £ :) and a knot in the belly :
(L, K :) or a knotted vein in the belly ; the like
Bk. I.

of which in the back is termed ij»~e- : (L :) and
(as some say, L) a knot in the face, and in the
neck: (L,1C:) pi. )Lj. (L.) [See also Ijt*.]

[Hence,] »J*4j »j*f* j^i I He mentioned

his vices, or faults, and his whole state or case :
(K :) or all his affairs ; those which were appa-
rent and those which were hidden : or his secrets :
or kit vices, or faults. (TA.) And J$\ lLi»\
,/t. r . I .Tir -.■ J / have rcvculcd to thee my vices,
or faults; meaning, my whole state or case. (S.)
And i<j*H|5 ^$J*f *•' *■>**■' I ■* acquainted him
with my vices, or faults, which I conceal from
others, by reason of my confidence in him.
(As.) And \Jj*4) lS^* *& \J\ *kl, said by
'Alee, 1 1 complain unto Ood of my sorrows and
my griefs; (I Aar, IAth ;) meaning, all my
affairs or circumstances ; those which are appa-
rent and those which are hidden. (IAth.) [See,

. • • ' l 'St'

.] — It is said in a prov., "^-^-^ j&
^_j »ja-j, meaning + [Bujeyr cast
reproach upon] his vices, or faults : [Bujeyr
forgot his own state or condition :] or, as some
say, they were two men : [so that the meaning
is, JJujeyr reproached Dujarah : &c. :] (S :)
accord, to El-Mufeddal, Bujeyr and Bujarah
were two brothers, in an ancient age : but
accord, to the lexicologists, the meaning is, that
one affected with what is termed a ija~-t in his
navel reproached anotlier for that which was in
him. (Az,TA.)

%* * * %* ■ j

Sjapj : sec Sjj^j.

I • j • • » .

{J/»-i : sec j3*->, in three places.

■a • j • • ' . ,

iijl-l : s<:c j»~>, in two places.

j^m, | is an imitative sequent to j~^=>- (Fr>?,
^.) Accord, to AA, it signifies Abundant, or
much, wealth: [or rather this seems to be the
meaning of the phrase ^—-j JU : for it is added,]
and in like manner [it is used in the phrase],
. ,,, ; JiU p (jlCo [-A place inhabited, peopled,
well stocked with people and the like, or in a
flourishing state, and large, or ample). (TA.)

see ».

153

?]; nor^^vl^

[or ij/*»ft ?] ; nor^ 1J -^» ; tliough
analogy docs not disagree to it : it is from j*^
signifying " prominence in tlie belly." (Har

p. 639.) And f\^/ ^ayl t Ground, or land,

that is elevated, ($.,* TA,) and hard. (TA.) —
j»~t\ also signifies fThe rope of a skip; (]£ ;)
because of its greatness in relation to ropes in
general. (TA.)

1. ;UM cr -^, (S,A,Msb,£») aor. * (S, Msb,
K) and , , (A, £,) inf. n. ^, (M ? b, TA,) He
opened a way, passage, vent, or channel, for the
water to flow forth ; gave vent to it ; made it
to flow ; syn. »^-i, (S,) or ^3, (Msb,) or
ili : (A, £ :) [all of which, in this case, signify
the same:] and in like manner one says of a
wound; (A,K;) but in this case, the phrase
is tropical: (TA :) and iUJI * u-^i-tt inf. n.
fc, m X H e (namely, God, TA) made tto water
to flow forth, or to flow forth copiously, syn.
'»jLj, (K,TA,) from the cloud or clouds, and
from the spring. (TA.) = Sec also 7, in two
places.

2 : sec 1.

5 : see 7, in three places.

7. _ % i 11 It (water) Jiad a way, passage,
vent, or channel, opened for it to flow forth ;
it had vent ; it poured forth ; (S, A, Msb, K ;)
[it burst forth ;] from a cloud or clouds, and
from a spring ; (A ;) and from a rock ; (£ur
vii. 160 ;) as also *J~^, aor. ' ; (S,TA ;) and
♦,^-3: (S,$:) syn. of the first, (S.A,?!,*
TA,) and last, (S,) >Liil I: (S,A,TA:) or of
die last, jtLkJ [properly signifying it poured
forth copiously] : (A, TA :) yja\L^\ signifies
particularly the welling forth [of water] from a
spring : or it has a general application : (1£ :)
and *tr^-/ signifies cracking in a water-skin,
or stone, or earth, so that water issues from it.
(TA.) You say, >JV J-^i v^» {The
clouds pour with rain). (TA.) And ^>j~> UUI
tj^, (A,) or CIA tj^3, (TA,)'[He

jt-C : see what follows.

j^. ; i A man (S) having his navel, or the part
remaining of the navel-string after its liaving
been cut, protruding, (S, Mgh, K,) and elevated,
and hard, (TA,) and thick at the base, (S, M,)
and fleshy at the neck, or slender part, with
wind remaining in the enlarged part : (M :)
fem. flj^: (8:) pi. )44 (S,K) and o!/44-

(£.) Large in the belly: pi. as above: and

tJ»-V signifies the same : (TA :) or this latter,
having a swollen, or an inflated, belly: (IAar,
K :) or having a large belly and a protruding
navel : and its pi. is Sja^, occurring in a trad.,
in which the tribe of lyureysh are described as
rj^ ' julwl : or Sj*~-> may here mean t hoarders
and acquirers of wealth. (L.) — One says also
RjatJ* \ .»- t A fuU [receptacle of the hind

called) i«i». ; and j*h jj*e ifull purses ; and
j,^£\ J~£> [or 'jLj-\ ?] : but they did not say,

brought us crumbled bread moistened with broth,
which streamed with seasoning,] meaning, by
reason of the abundance of grease [in it], (A,
TA.)

^^k^ JU Water having a way, passage, vent,
or channel, opened for it to flow forth ; /taring
a vent ; or pouring forth : (K :) and in like
manner, L ^~»~i ^>\*~> [clouds pouring forth rain);
(TA ;) and [so] J-LJ ^>}L^ [pi. of tj^g
and i-a-L.] : (S :) and ▼ L ^-*~> jU flowing water :

(Kr, TA :) and * ^-**r-> Oe* a copious spring.
(K,'TA.)

• • • - . .

see u—f^, in two places.

■ *» WW* WWW

u-*-V > P 1 - w+rt '• see v-rt-

wJ^ t

1. JjJ-J, aor. *■ , inf. n. aj'vJ and J>*v, He (a
man) was, or became, suck as is termed JU«y and

20

154

Je^y [i-c. magnified, honoured, &c.]. (K.)aa
J*»y, aor. - ; and J^, aor. * ; inf. n. J^ and

J)*~ti He mas, or became, in a good state or
condition ; having abundance of herbage, or of
the gootls or conveniences or comforts of life. (K.)
— And lie was, or became, joyful, glad, or
liappy. (£.) = [ijLL; 2T« Jferf him (namely, a
horse, or a cnmrl,) by opening the vein called
J^-y^JI : so nccord. to analogy ; like «Looj,
meaning " he bled him by opening; the vein called
£■■>>">" &C -J J*-s! >•» means Z/e had not been
bled in the J^l. (TA.)

2. aWv, (Msb, #,) inf. n. J^', He magni-
fied, honoured, revered, venerated, or respected,
him : (S, Msb, ]£ :) or he said to him J^',
meaning Sufficient for thee (jiZji.) is the place
[or condition or ranh] which thou hast attained.

4. **+*\ It sufficed, or contented, him. (S,E[.)
— It rejoiced him. (TA.)

• • i * . .

Ot^i : sco Jjj^.

^»-V is a noun (Mughnee) *yn. n't'<A ■!,■*-■ :
(S, Mughnee, K :•) and is also a verbal noun syn.
with^jSL,. (Mughnee, £.•) You say ^J^' (S,
Mughnee,^) and { jj^, (S,£,) meaning ^^1^.
[My sufficiency, or a thing sufficing me, i. e.
sufficient for me, is such a thing] : (S, Mughnee,
K :) [it is said in the Ham, p. 145, as on the
authority of Akh, that they do not say C; ;
but this is a mistranscription for ^'Ai*. ) t as will
be seen from what follows:] and, using it as a
verbal noun, (Mughnee, £,) but this is rare,
(Mughnee,) you say ^jS^, meaning ^ylL [It
suffices me, or will suffice me] ; (Mughnee, £ ;)
and jlLi-y, meaning Ji^, [It suffices thee, or
mill suffice thee] : ($:) or, accord, to Akh, they
say Jil^, like as they say, iuJ ; but not^^Ju^,
like (jjj : (8 :) or the o in ^^jLj is absolutely
necessary accord, to him who says that jL. ) is a
verbal noun ; and accord, to him who says that
this word is syn. with ^JLi., the q is allowable.
(MF.) [See, under the words jS and ii, what
is said respecting ^j3 Md^JJ.] J n the saying
of Jabir Ibn-Ra-ldn Es-Simbiscc,

• * .. *■

J»-t Calumny, slander, or false accusation:
or this is with damm; (£;) i. e . *j4^; (T,
TA ;) meaning a great calumny &c. ; (K,» TA ;)
and Az thinks that this may be a dial. var. of
j»~t, with which it is syn. ; because J and } are

interchanged in many instances. (TA.) A

wonderful thing ; syn. ^^i. (£.) __ J^J\ £
denotes dispraise; meaning Content with mean
things; not desirous of the means of acquiring
eminence : (K :) or content that another should
manage affairs in his stead, and that he should be
a burden upon others, saying, Sufficient for me
CuT*" [° r uh~tl) « that [stale or condition]
wherein I am : (0, TA :) from a saying of Luk-
man Ibn-'Ad; (0, £;) as is also iUlIll ji,
which denotes praise. (0, TA.)

iX^V A goodly, or beautiful, form or appear-
ance, figure, person, mien, or extertial state or
condition : (Sh, K:) a pleasing aspect; goodliness,
or beauty; grounds of pretension to respect; and
excellence; or sfiarpness, or quickness, of intellect.
(TA.) You say, AU-v jJJ <S] [Verily he lias a
goodly, or beautiful, form &c.]. (Sh, TA.) [See
the end of the next preceding paragraph.] __.4
small tree : pi. «£/£^. (K.)

JL»V and t J^, applied to a man, i. q. tj^ " t
[Magnified, honoured, revered, venerated, or re-
spected]: (Sh,E::) or bulky, or corpulent; (As,
S;) applied to a man; (A ? ,TA;) or to an old
man : (S :) or the former signifies an old, or aged,
lord or chief: (AA, S :) or a bulky, or corpulent,
old man : or, as some say, one beyond the middle
age, in whom one sees goodliness of form or
abearance, and advancement in year* :*(Mgh:)
or both signify an old man, who is a great lord
or chief, endowed with goodliness, and with excel-
lence, or sharpness of intellect: (If:) not applied
to a woman ; (TA ;) i. e., a woman is not termed

i'W (M g h.)

[Book I.

horse, J^Wt ^yklj ^i [H e is lax in the J*.^].
(Ham ubi supra.)

« 3 '» • - »

,>»~« : sec Jla-;.

*■ £*> ( L >) first pers. O-la^, a. r. -Ji, (ISk,
S, L, j£,) and ISd says, I see, or think, that Lh
has mentioned ■ . a. .. ? , which is c<tr. with respect
to rule, (TA,) inf. n. ^; (ISk, S, L, K ;) and
first pers. <LLLS, (AO, T, S, K,) but the former
is the more chaste, (T, TA,) aor. 1Z (AO, S, K)
and ^ti and **,>, [which last is contr. to analogy,]
(L,) inf. n. ^ (AO, S, K) and LLj and lu^
and ^^LJ and LL\Lf and L^^L}; (K.;) He
had a hoarse, rough, harsh, on, nff, voice; (L;)
he was taken with a hoarseness, harshness, rough-
ness, or gruffness, of the voice. (£.) It is

tropically used in speaking of inanimate things;
as in jjill Lf, meaning J [The lute] was rough

T . . ^ i -I

[in sound : see «^l]. (A.)

4. o^j\ It (crying out, or vociferating,) ren-
dered him hoarse, rough, harsh, or gruff, in voice.
(S,'K.)

[ Fr/«rn she saw a company whose beasts of burden
were few, So'dd said, Is this your property,
sufficing you?] meaning, when she saw the few-
ness of our camels : the last word occupies the
place of a denotative of state, and is made to end
thus by poetic license: Abu-l-'Ala says that this
word may be put in the accus. case as meaning
not exceeding what I see ; or it may be for ^^ t
after the manner of some of the Arabs who' are
related, by Akh and others, to have said Uyl for
^"U. (Ham pp. 299 and 300.) [See also 2:
and see J^.]«alt is also a particle, (Mughnee,)
meaning ^ [Yes; yea; or even so]. (Mu ff h-
nee.K.) v b

* * 9 * *

Jrt-*: see JU»v Also Gross, big, thick,

coarse, or rough ; applied to any tiling. (]£.)

J^i j*\ An affair, an event, or a case, deemed
strange, or evil, and great, or for midalde. (TA.)
Ot*-l jt»- Ample, abundant, good or wealth or
prosperity. (TA.)

J^-W Being in a good state or condition;
having abundance of lierbage, or of the goods or
conveniences or comforts of life ; (£;) applied
to a man and to a camel : (TA :) or, as Yaakooh
says, on the authority of Abu-1-Ghamr El-'Okeylcc,
having much fat; applied to a man and a she-
camel and a he-camel. (S.) Also Joyful,

glad, or happy. (£.)

J » u

J^yl A certain vein, (S,) a thick vein, (£,

Ham p. 417,) of the jiorse and of the camel, (S,
TA,) tn the thigh and the shank, (Ham ubi supra,)
or m the hind leg or the fore leg, (TA,) corres-
ponding to the jli»l (8,K)qf7nan: (S :) pi.
j^-M. (Ham ubi supra, TA.) You say, j jgj

aWjI [He oj>ened his Jo-fl] ; i. e., the horse's
or the camel's. (TA.) And one says of a swift

8 - g**"* 1 ^^ They are in a state of ampli-
tude, and of plenty, or of abundance of herbage or
of the goods or conveniences or comforts of life.

It. Q. 1. £«o^ : sec R. Q. 2, in two places.

R. Q- 2. jU>l£^3, (S,) and *l^,', (TA,)
t He was, or became, [established] in the middle,
or midst, [which is the best part,] of the } \> [i. c.
abode, or district, or country, &c], (K, TA,) and
became possessed of mastery, dominion, or autho-
rity, awl porcer, oner it. (TA.) Fr, however,
makes », ■ ■ . ■■■ > to be from a»-UI [q. v.], not from
a reduplicative root. (TA.) » ■ _~ also sig-
nifies file was, or became, settled, or established,
in authority and power, (syn. 0&,) in alighting,
and taking up his abode, or sojourning; (S, K,
TA;) and was, or became, [established] in the
middle, or midst, [or he* part,] of the place of

abode; (TA ;) and so ♦«a^, (K, TA.) Also

f He took a wide, an ample, or a large, range.
(A.) — [Hence,] l^JI --o^J \Thcrain became of
wide extent, and had influence upon the land. (TA,
from a trad.) — And l^Ui ^ ^}\ .-.1 'j J
I The Arabs were copious, or took a wide range,

in their dialects. (A.) And L > 4 *'| ^ r .- .-

file became in an ample state of glory, honour,
or dignity. (TA.) — An Arab of the desert said,
of a woman in labour, ,^jlJ| ^Js. ' '/ '-. Ca fcj
J^iyJI [app. +/ left her obtaining delivery by
the hands of the midwives], (AZ, TA.)

t a - i -t

i»j: sec -»jI.

(S, A, L, If) and t-Uj (L) Hoarseness,
roughness, harshness, or gruffness, of the voice;
(L, K ;) which is sometimes natural : or the former
is applied absolutely, and the latter to that which

Book I.]

arises from disease. (L.) You say, ao»j aj^-o ^J>

[In his voice in hoarseness, &c.]. (S, A.)

* . > * i >

«-U»j : sec <I=»~>.

■i. ■«. ; t Ample in expenditure : and having
an ample place of abode. (Fr, K.)
r, j;*., 1 : see what next follows.

fo- yL t + The middle, or ?>«'<&<, [or fas* par/,]
syn. Llj, (A'Obeyd,S, A, K,) of an abode, or a
district, or country, (S, A,) or a place, (K,) and
of a place where one alights and abides, (TA,)
and of Paradise, and of anything, and the best

part thereof; (A'Obeyd, TA ;) [like Ll/> by
which it is explained; because what is between
tlw two extremes is generally the best : it may be
well rendered the heart, or very heart, of a thing ;]
and ♦» j -m ;, also, has the former of these signifi-
cations [and by implication the other likewise].
(TA, voce l'jy>, where see an ex.) Jcrccr says,

* > * 5j»- j * • * **

A - J • > • - ' •» «■ *•»

[jtfW people are Tcmeem : they are the people who
drive away Teghlih from the middle, or best part,
of the country]. (S.) [It is said in the A, that
this word, as syn. with Ja-13, in relation to an
abode or the like ( jlj), is tropical ; but I sec no
reason for this, unless by .k-j be meant the " best

part."]

I,i • a i -t

-_jl, applied to a man, (S, L,K,) orOj-aM wl,

(A,) J faring a hoarse, rough, harsh, or f/rw/f,

voice: ( L, K :) fein. iU-j ; with which * im~t is

nyn. : (S, K :) pi. I-J. (S.) «-W « "ot allowable.

(S.)_ And ~>vl applied to a lute (jj*), t Hough

(K, TA) i« sound. (TA.) Also I The base, or

Illicit, chord of a lute ; syn. ^ ; because of its
rough sound. (T A.) — t A [gold coin of the hind
called] j\1j> ; (K, TA ;) because of its harsh
sound [when one rings it]. (TA.) — I A »-j>3
[or gaming-arrow] (S, K, TA) by means of which
lots, or portions, are ditided : (S, TA :) pi. -*-> :

(S, K :) or such an arrow that has no sound.
(TA.) Khufaf lbn-Nudbch says,

* £-* I-WJ xrVW'l »Jt»» *

##£- s *- i *

[They entertained their guests with young weaned
she-camels, on the superabundant remains of
which the tribe lived, by means of tawny-coloural
gaming-arrows whereby the lots that determined
who should afford the entertainment were divided:
or, accord, to the TA, U^j here signifies fat, as
a subst. ; but this is inconsistent with the affixed
pronoun relating to it]. (S.) __ t Fat, as an

epithet, not a subst. (K.) — -_jt y~£=> f[A por-
tion of a limb, stc.«] having much fat. (TA.)

mixed, free from admixture, or pure: (S, K:)
[and] he was unmixed, or pure, in race, lineage,
or parentage. (Msb.)

3. *Ot v^-V, (A,) inf. n. Ai>.U, (TA,) lie
drank water, or the water, not upon Jiu [i. e.
without having eaten anything such us flesh-meat
or bread or dates or grain] : (A :) or he drank
water, or the water, not mixed with honey or any
other thing. (TA.) And v!/^' >2^4 He drank
the wine, or beverage, pure, without any mixture.
(A.) And £~t>^i\ o—b [He (a camel) ate of the
shrub culled «i~ej without any other pasture]. (T
in art. -— lb.) And o ?■=»-> j *ij-^W ***'.> w*-V
7/e /e<Z «7s fa«.s< with %u-o, (i. c. aVy herbage,
TA,) and </«? KAe, unmixed [with other pasture].

(K.)_jj)l o^»-Ij J/e regarded him, or ocrcd
towards him, with reciprocal purity, or sincerity,
of love, or affection : (S, A, K :) or /te roa« pj/rc,
or sincere, to him in love, or affection. (M.)
And JUiJI c*^j He fought with earnestness and
energy, unmixed with lenity. (A,*TA.) And
U^ii Co-lj (inf. n. as above, TA) J/e acted
openly, or undisguisedly, with, or towards, such
a one. (K, TA.)

Unmixed, free from admixture, or pure ;
(S, A, Mgh, K;) appiicd to anything: (A, K. :)
anything r/i«< is eaten alone, without seasoning or
condiment or a?iy savoury food : and in like
manner, seasoning, or condiment, or any savoury
food, without bread : (Ahmad Ibn-Yahya:) un-
mixed, or pure, in race, lineage, or parentage;
(S, A, Msb;) applied [for instance] to an Arab,
(S, A,) and to an Arab of the desert : (TA :) ori-
ginally an inf. n. ; (Msb;) [and therefore] the
same as masc. and fem. and dual and pi. : but if
you will, you may use i Smm f as a fern, epithet,
applied [for instance] to an Aral) woman ; and
may use the dual and pi. forms : (S :) or the fcm.
is [properly] with » ; or, as some say, the word
has no dual nor pi. nor dim. form. (K.) You
say C*«H v!/-* Unmixed ivinc or beverage: (S:)
and &m*i jkh>- and Sttfc .* and ZS m . . > j »e ^ [?/n-

« * 40 J

i.

m, aor. - , (S,Msb, K,) inf. n. «u^»~f, (K,)
,(Msb,) It (a thing) was, or became, un-

mixed wine and wines]. (TA.) And C«a.. . » >;».
Bread without anything else [to season it]. (S.)
And Lfc-> j-»JI J^>l, and Uifcj ^o»JDI, He ate
the bread without any seasoning or condiment or
savoury food, and i//c flesh-meat without bread.
(TA.) And ViL> IjUi *Jl ^»ji JZi presented to
him food without any seasoning or condiment.
(A.) And C~a»j O-**^ v>*->' ■"• anointed himself
wi7/t ointment unmixed with any perfume. (Mgh.)
And C-a-..' J— o (A, Msb) [t r nw«'.rerf, or ■unadul-
terated, and therefore] strong [-scented,] mush.

9 •' «0'4J'

(Msb.) And c-=J C^d..' >w Vehement, or intense,
cold; (TA;) [oj( though unmixed with any degree
of warmth ;] syn. JjLe : (K in art. w«a»J :) the
last word is an imitative sequent. (TA in that
art.)

1. <ww-i, aor. - , inf. n. st>a>.i, ZZe scraped it
up; [as one who seeks to find a thing therein;]
namely, the dust, or earth : (L:) and he searched,

105

or sought, for it, or after it, (namely, a thing,)

in the dust, or earth ; us also *4Jm T.»l : (L, TA :)

thus each is made trans, by itself: and authors

often say, <»-» «i*a»-j [meaning he searched, or

inquired, into it ; investigated, scrutinized, or

*t * , *

examined, it] : (TA :) one says, ±jbf)\ ^ *£»»»■>

he dug up the earth ; and thus it is used in the
Kur v. 3-1: (Msb:) but accord, to the usage
commonly known and obtaining, (TA,) you say,
Le. <£*mmj, (S,A,L, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (L,
Msb, K,) and so the inf. n. ; (L, Msb ;) as well
as ^'; (L;) and tie. *«^-^l ; (T,S, L,K;)
[in some copies of the K w*>i l, which is said in
the TA to be a mistake ; and ♦ n *n» ~t\ ; (sco
above ;)] and m * ^Lj ; (T, L, £ ;) and
«*'*>*.» j7.t; (L,K;) and t^i^^-1; (L;)
[he scraped up the dust, or earth, from over it :
and hence,] he searclted, or sought, for it, after
it, or respecting it ; he inquired, and sought for
information, respecting it; he searched, or in-
quired, into it ; investigated, scrutinized, or exa-
mined, it ; he inquired respecting it, and searched
to the utmost after it ; (S,* A,* L, Msb, # K ;*)
namely, a thing, (S, L,) or an affair, or event.
(Msb.) You say also, »j-> v >* tl^l "^^.i ^ .,)! He
examined his brother respecting his secret. (A in
art. si-,;.)

3. [^1 >j£. *^-W, inf. n. iio-U«, He searched,
or inquired, with him into a thing; or investigated,
scrutinized, or examined, with him a thing, or an
affair : and particularly, in the way of disputa-
tion.] C-J»Wo «-"*•& O 1 ^^ {HU custom is

to engage with another in mutual scrutiny of
secrets, or faults, or the like, and in mutual
calumniation, &c. : sec 6]. (A in art. C-*j.)

5. see 1.

6. j^-^l v>e l>*-^ They searched, or inquired,
■into each other's secrets. (A in art. «£~<J.)

8 : sec 1, in three places. .*■» ~{\ also sig-
nifies He played with the dust, or earth, termed
<JUj ; or at the game called i £m J \. (K-) In a
copy of the K, the verb is here incorrectly written

^♦a. .it. (TA.)

10 : see 1, in three places.

£nl. ], (so in the K,) or ♦.i^v, (so in tlic L,)
accord, to Sh, (L,) A mine (L, K) in which one
searches for gold and silver. (L.) as Also the
former, A great serpent ; (K ;) because it scrapes
up the dust or earth. (TA.)

iim ;", (as written in the L,) or 8U— ^ 1, (us in

the K,) accord, to Sh, (L,) and '^a^JI, (L,

K,) accord, to ISh, (L,) A certain game with

*i3U-j, i.e., dust, or earth. (L,l£.) You say,

I ^*) lie played tlie game thus called. (L.)

JjI Camels that scrape up the dust, or
earth, with their fore feet, backwards, (AA, T,
L, K,) in going ; i.e., throwing it behind them;
or, as some say, with their feet. (TA.) _
i^4», (K,) or <l>yLj\ i J9 L, (L,) thus written
in the Faik, and if so, <l>y—i is an intensive
epithet, applying alike to a masc. and a fcm. noun,

20 •

100

like jy ~o ;

(TA ;) or, accord, to some, Jj^->
9>^-)1, (L,) pi. of 1^; (TA;) a name of
The chapter of the Kur-dn called i£3l ijyL, (L,
K,) and iiljjl; (L;) [chap. ix. ;] given to it
because it inquires respecting the hypocrites and
their secrets. (L.)

also j^j. (Fr,S.)« It (milk) curdled, or co-
agulated, and formed little clots of curd; syn.

44lij££ii. (S,K.)

Q. 2. j — ^ 3 Jf (a thing, S) became separated,

sec >t o , >. — .A secret: whence the
l»rov., jmif^i W [rAeir ,wrc< became apparent,
or rrrorifcrf]. (TA. [But in the S, in art £^ '■,
q. v., wo find>>yUI S~mJ lj^; and so in Frcy-
tag'g Arab. Pro'v. i. 159.])

*i ' '

ijU^ Dust, or earth, (Az, Jf ,) wAt'cA m scraped

up from what is searched for therein. (Az.TA.)

Sec MfcJt.

^^Jt : see ii*. .11.
• »
w^-ly [act. part. n. of 1 ; Scraping up dust or

earth : &c.]. £i£jt ^ w-^UlS> [L»Ae Am »A
»* scraping up the dust, or eartA, from over the
great hnife with which he is to be -slaughtered,]
isaprov. : (S,L:) and so lyilts- l r ii^ ^i ii«.L£>
[Z.«A* one searching for her death with her* hoof] :
originating from the fact of a ewe's digging up
a knife in the dust, or earth, and then being
slaughtered with it. (L.)

itf*.^ Dust, or earth, (L,If,) of the burrow of
the Jerboa, (I,,) resembling the [hole termed]
.U-ol* ; (L, Jf j) but it is not this : pi. Oljli»-W.
(L.j
% . ».

£ ■■»' ! '« -^ ;>We, and a tfnw, o/" scraping up or
digging; of searching, inquiring, investigating,
scrutinizing, or examining: pi. **«».L». (KL.)
You say, _yijl »i~.Q ii%5 (S, £•) [/ left him
in the places where the wild oxen scrape up the
ground] ; meaning, in a desert place, destitute of
herbage, or of human beings; (S,If ;) in an
unknown place ; (Jf ;) i. e., so that it was not
known where he was. (S.)

Q. 1. j^f, [inf. n. i>£»^,] He took, drew,
or pulled, a thing out, or forth; and uncovered
it, laid it open, or exposed it ; (Abu-1-Jarrah, S,
Jf ;) as also jiy. (Abu-l-Jarrdh,S.) It is said
in the Jfur [c. 9], accord, to one reading, lit
.j**)' \J> U j^t, [instead of /jl/,] meaning
[ When that which is in the graves is taken forth
and uncovered ; i. e.,] when the dead are raised
to life ; syn. «£*•* ; and it is not improbable that
jtm^t may be composed of C—*s and jS\ [app.
a mistranscription for jj\], accord, to the opinion
of those who hold that quadriliteral and quin-
quelitcral words are Composed of two. (TA.)__
He searched, or sought, for, or after, a thing
in the dust or earth, or the like; syn. >*■-,■
[which Ibr D thinks may be a mistake for li-jy :

but see £i]. (L, If, and Bd in c. 9.) He

separated, disunited, scattered, dispersed, or dw-
**>«»<«<**, (8,1>:,) a thing. (S.) He scattered, or dis-
persed, his household goods, or his commodities,
and turned them over, one upon another; aa

disunited, scattered, disjjersed, or dissipated. (S,
K.)

,; - »■:■« (>J Milk curdling, or coagulating, and
forming little clots of curd. (K. [Sec Q. 1.])
When the upper portion is thick and the lower
thin, it is termed jjU. (TA.)

1. jU, (TA,) [aor. '- ,] inf. n. ^L,', (If,) He
slit; cut, or divided, lengthwise; split; or clave;
(K, TA ;) and enlarged, or wade wide. (TA.)
Hence the term ^»~> [as meaning "a sea " or
"great river"] is said to be derived, because
what is so called is cleft, or trenched, in the
earth, and the trench is made the bed of its

water. (TA.) — \^, (M,) or Vij 'j^i, (§,
A, Msb,) aor. - , (M, Msb,) inf. n. Jl*', (S, M,
Msb, If,) He slit her (a camel's, S, M, A, Msb,
and a sheep's or goat's, M) ear, (S, M, A, Msb,
K,) in halves, or »« halves lengthwise, (M, TA,)
widely ; (B j) and in like manner, »jLj he slit
his (a camel's) ear widely : (B :) and * Jtl •
j>\ai*$\ ,jlJ1, inf. tt. j^rn^t, He slit [tec] the ears
of the cattle. (Az, TA in art. J^.)ae[j»U,
aor. - , inf. n. SjU-v, It was, or became, wide,
or spacious. The inf. n. is mentioned in the A :
see jm~j : and sec also 10.]
2: seel.

4. jjwjI He embarked [or voyaged] upon the
sea or a //rear river. (Yaakoob, S, M, K.) [Op-
posed to #\.] __ J It (water, K, sweet water S,

A) was, or became, salt. (S, A, # If.) oU^I

^oj'iJI TVte land abounded with places where water
stagnated. (T, K.* [In the latter, lyiiU is put
by mistake for I^xSLL*. See »jL^.])ssm\ He
found water fo 6c salt; not easy, or pleasant,
to be drunk. (K, TA. [In some copies of the
£> "M" A-i >^, we find ^*j jj, which is evi-
dently a mistake.]) an 7/e met, or met with, a
man unintentionally : (M, If :) from the phrase,
Zj~~> »jm~o <w«J. (TA.)

5. ^-3 : see 10. _ Also 1 7/e (a pastor) took
a wide range in abundant pasturage. (TA.)__
JUJI ^ j- ■■ 5 t He enlarged himself, or he
became, or ma6/(; himself, ample, or abundant,
in wealth, or camels, or </*e h'A«; (K,*TA;) as

also -u* t^.,^,1. (TA.) _J^\ ^J, jl^i X He

went deep into science, or knowledge, and enlarged
himself, or took a wide range, therein, (S, A, K,)
wide as the sea; (TA ;) and in like manner one
says with respect to other things: (S :) and so
*+1j-**\. (A,TA.)

10. jm ■ 7 »l % It (a place) became wide, or
spacious, like the sea: (A:) it spread wide; be-
came expanded; (£;) as also *jm-J. (TA.)
[See also j^.] — J He (a poet, A, ]£, and a
[i. e. a speaker, an orator, or the like,]

[Book I.

A) expatiated in speech ; was, or became, diffuse
therein. (M, A, K.) _ See also 5, in two places.

• • «

j»~l [A sea : and a great river :] a sjyacious

place comprising a large quantity of water; (B ;)
a large quantity of water, (K, TA,) whether salt

or sweet ; (TA ;) contr. of J^'; (S, A ;) so called
because of its depth (S, TA) and large extent ;
(S, Msb, TA;) from SjUJJI ; (A;) or because
its bed is trenched in the earth; sec 1: (TA :)
or a large quantity of salt water, only ; (K ;)
and so called because of its witness : (El-Uma-
wee, TA : [but accord, to the A, this word
as an epithet meaning " salt" is tropical :]) or
rather this is its general meaning : (TA :) for
it signifies also any great river; (S, M,TA;)
any river of which the water does not cease to
flow; (Zj,T, TA;) such as the Euphrates, for
instance ; (S ;) or «<cA as the Tigris, and the
Nile, and oilier similar great rivers of sweet
water ; of which t/ie great salt j*~> is the place
of confluence; so called because trenched in **o
earth: (T, TA :) pi. [of pauc.] *jL$\ and [cf
mult] jU^ and j^JL). (S, M ? b, If.) The dim.

• * f **! '•»*■ *••'

is ~ jm~ei\, (K,) which : s anomalous ; and * jt»~i,
which is die regular ft -m : accord, to the Jf , the
latter is not used ; bui 'lis is untrue ; for it is
sometimes used, though rare. (MF.)_ Hence
its application in the saying of the Arabs, iCili ij

j^ii\ jl jm^\ yk U>{ O;-. JJJI, Which Th

explains by saying that the meaning is, \[0
guide of the night, thou hast deviated from the.
right way :] it is only destruction or thou wilt
see the doybreali : the night is here likened to
the sea [and with the night is associated the idea
of destruction] : but accord, to one recital, it is
J44>l, instead of ^Jl- (TA. [Sec art. jm^.])
— Also t Salt; as an epithet, applied to water.
(S, A.) — t A fleet, or swift, and excellent, horse;
(As, K;) that runs much; (As, TA;) that takes
a wide range in his running ; (S, A, Msb, B ;)
that runs like the sea, or a great river ; or tike
the sea, or a great river, when it rolls wave over
wave. (Niftnwcyh,TA.)__t-'l generous man;
(K, TA ;) one who takes a wide range in his
beneficence, bounty, or kindness; who abounds
therein. (TA.) You say, \jtJt j^ c-ei) \ [I
found, in the place of Zeyd, a man of abundant
generosity or beneficence] : ^ here denoting sub-
stitution. (The Luhiib cited in the TA voce _0
And tja»v *-* »S««8 I [I found him to be a man
of exceeding generosity] ; a phrase expressing an
intensive degree of generosity : and <L« »£^|J
!^»V [signifies the same]. (Mughnee in art. ^>.)
_ t A man of extensive knowledge or science ;
one who takes a wide range in his knowledge or
science. (B.) _ J Any person, or thing, that
takes a wide range in a thing. (B.) _ + Land
of seed-produce and fruitfulness ; or a tract, or
region, in which are green herbs or leguminous
plants, and waters ; or the part of a country
near to water; syn. uy j : (Aboo-'Alee, K :) and
the dim. "*?*•-> is used in the same sense; or.
by poetic licence, for '^. (TA.) So in the
Kur [xxx. 40], ^lj pi J> ^UUI £i + [Cor-
ruption hath appeared in the desert, or deserts,

Book I.]

and in the land of seed-produce and fruitfidness ;
&c.]: (Aboo-'Alee,TA:) or the meaning here is,
[in the desert, or deserts, and in the towns, or vil-

lages, in which is water : (sce^y :) or in the open
country and] in the cities [or towns] ujum the
rivers; by sterility in the former, and scarcity
in the latter : (Zj, TA, and T in art. jf :) or in
the land and the sea ; i. e., the land has become
uterile, or unfruitful, and the supply of the sea
has become cut off. (Az, TA.) Sec also 5j*>j. _
Also, 'jLj\, (S, £,) or _^\ 'jLj, (A, Mgh,)
\The bottom (jl*,8, A, Mgh,KL, or^ai, IAth,
TA) of the womb; fundus uteri: (S, A, Mgh,
K :) whence blood of a pure red colour, (S,) or

intensely red, (Mgh,) is termed ^ \jm-j (S, Mgh)
and>4 (S.)

ijm^i A wide tract of land: so accord, to
Aboo-Nasr: but jn one place he says, a small
valley in rugged land: pi. jl»-v- (TA.)^-A
land, country, or territory, belonging to, or in-
habited by, a people ; syn. ijSj. (S, KL.) One
ssiys, U3^^ » jjk This is our land, &c. ; syn. V~6 } \.

(S.) It occurs ulso in the dim. form [" itfm-t],
as in the Towshcch of 151-Jclul. (TA.) — Any
town, or village, that has a running river and
wholesome water : (1<L :) and [absolutely] any
town, or village : of such the Arabs say, o jJk
Cjjm^t This is our town, or village : and the pi.
jU-j tlicy apply to cities, as well as towns,

or villages. (TA.) /yow, or depressed, land:

(IAar, K :) occurring also in the dim. form
[t J^^v]. (TA.) — A meadow ; or a garden ;

syn. <LbjJ : (T, TA :) or one that is large, (KL,)
and wide. (TA.) — A place where water stag-
nates. (Sh, K.) The pi. is *j»-t, (as in some

copies of the K, [or this is a coll. gen. n. of which
ijm^l is the n. mi.,]) or jm~f, (as in other copies
of the KL and in the TA,) or ^4, (as in the CKL,)
.indjlLy. (KL.)

hjm-t ijL*<> iie«, (S, KL,) and
T i*m-l If ■-, as in the repositions of the Tes-

heel, &c, (MP,) and S

,-~o, (K,) and
* 2^y »j*~o, (MF,) / met him out, with nothing
intervening between me and him ; (S, L ;) both
of us being exposed to ojten view ; (TA;) without
anything concealing, or intervening. (KL, TA.)
ijmmt ij^-o, without tenween, is a compound
denotative of state ; not, as some say, consisting
of two inf. us. : and sometimes Ijm~> is added ;
in which case each of the three words is with ten-
wecn, dccl. ; and they do not form a compound.
(MF. [But see 2^*^.)]

« j »» • >

and ttm^i ttm <t>

sec t,

v*4\

^jm~t Of, or relating to, or belonging to, the
sea, or a great river ; rel. n. of jm~f. (S, K.) _
A seaman; a sailor; (TA ;) as also */^y:
(KL :) and [" Ajj*»y and] " SjU»y seamen ; sailors

(K, TA.) [In the dial, of Egypt, North;

nort/iem ; because the Mediterranean Sea lies
on the north of that country : like as, in Hebrew,
D^ signifies " west ;" because that sea lies on the

west of Palestine.]

%& • * - • -

i^y : .see \Jj~~t-

Olr»-*> a post-classical word, (S, KL,) used by
the physicians, signifying The crisis of a disease;
the sudden change which happens to a sick person,
(S,TA,) and the commencement of convalescence,
(TA,) in acute diseases ; (S, TA ;) at a time
fixed by some motion in the heavenly bodies,
mostly by a motion oftfte moon ; being a change
to health or to the contrary : a word [said to be]
of Greek origin. (The Nuzheh of the sheykh
Ddwood El-Antakcc, cited in the TA.) [PI.

O-ij^t-] They say, olr^v J>yi '«»* an(1 J>yi

&' » - *

♦ ^j^ly [This is the day of a crisis of a disease] :

(^^•-Li being anomalous : (S, K :) [perhaps from
jj»-UI signifying " the moon," because the crisis
of a disease is thought to be mostly fixed by a
motion of the moon : or] as though it were a
rel. n. of j^-C and i\jy*-(> meaning the "vehe-
mence of heat in [the month of ] j^o-"." (S.)

■ijfc j >i t Stood of the menses ; accord, to
El-Kutabce : or t intensely red blood : (Mgh :)
or f intensely red, and thick, and abundant, men-
strual blood: (IAth:) or I black blood: (A:)
or, as also * jmXi >j, (S, M, Msb, ]£,) f blood of
the womb : (^ :) or t blood of a pure red colour:
(S,M, J£ :) or \tuck blood from the belly : (M :)
or f pure blood of an intensely red colour :
(Msb:) both from j*~Jt signifying " the bottom
of the womb : " (S :) the former is a rel. n. there-
from, (A, IAth, Msb,) in which the 1 and ^ are
added to give intensiveness to the signification,
(IAth,) or to distinguish it from the rel. n. of

,L ;)l [in its most common sense] : (Msb :) or

i • *
it is a rel. n. of ja~JI [in its most common sense],

because of its abundance. (IAth.) _j > — t

^jil^lv, and t^, (TA,) and * [Jj^\t, (IAar,

TA,) t Intense red. (TA.)

j^,i dim. of ja~>, which sec, in two places.

ijt»-j A she-camel liaving lier ear slit: (S,*
A, Msb, 5* :) [and, as a subst., or an epithet in
which the quality of a subst. is predominant,]
a she-camel of which the mother was a iyU ;
(Fr, S, Mgh, Msb, KL ;) i. e., of which the mother
had brought forth ten females consecutively before
her, and of which the ear was slit ; (Mgh ;) or
of which the mother had brought forth five, of
which five the last, if a male, was slaughtered and
eaten, but if a female, her ear was slit and she
was left with her mother; (Mgh,* Msb;) the
predicament of which was the same as that of
her mother ; (Fr, 8, KL ;) i. e., what was unlaw-
ful with respect to her mother was unlawful with
respect to herself: (TA :) or a she-camel, or ewe,
or slit-goat, that had brought forth five young
ones, and of which the fifth, if a male, was
slaughtered, and its flesh was eaten by the men
and women ; but if a female, her ear was slit,
and it was unlawful to the Arabs to eat lier flesh
and to drinh her milk and to ride her ; but when
she died, her flesh was lawful to the women: (K:)
so says Az, on the authority of Ibn-'Arafeh :
(TA : [but it appears from the explanation in die
Msb, quoted above, that it was the slit-eared
young she-camel here mentioned, not the mother,
that was thus termed :]) or a she-camel, or ewe,
or she-goat, which, having brought forth ten

157

young ones, had her ear slit, (K,) and no use
was made of her milk nor of her bach, (TA,)
and she was left at liberty to pasture, (K,) and
to go to water, (TA,) and her flesh, when she died,
was made unlawful to the women of the Arabs,
but was eaten by the men : (KL :) or one that
was left at liberty, without a pastor : (KL :) or,
as some say, syn. with A.5U ; i. e., say they, a
she-camel which, having brought forth seven young
ones, had her ear slit, and was not ridden, nor
used for carrying : (Msb :) or a she-camel that
had brought forth five young ones, tlie last of
which was a male, in which case her ear was slit,
and she was exempted from being ridden and
from carrying and from being slaughtered, and
not prevented from taking of any water to which
she came, nor from any pasturage, nor even
ridden by a weary man who, having become un-
able to proceed in his journey, his means having
failed him, or his camel that bore him stopping
with him from fatigue or breaking down or
perishing, might chance to find her : (Aboo-Is-
hi'ik the Grammarian, TA : [and the like, but
less fully, is said in the Mgh:]) or, applied
specially to a ewe, or she-goat, one that, Itaving
brought forth five young ones, had her ear slit :
(L, K, TA : [in the CKL, for JjsJi is put
Cj}^ :]) it also signifies a she-camel (L) abound-
ing in milk : (L, KL :) the pi. is yU»y and jm-f ;
(L, KL ;) the latter a strange form of pi. of a fern,
sine, such as l*>»~t: and said to be die only instance
of the kind except j>j-o pi. of i^j^o, meaning
" having her ear cut off." (TA.) It is said in a
trad., that die person who instituted the practices
relative to the Sje*-/ and the ^U-, and the first
who altered the religion of Ishmacl, was 'Amr the
son of Lohei the son of Kama'ah the son of
Jundab; and these practices are forbidden in the
Kur v. 102. (TA.)

S*h»— > A small sea ; a lake : as though they
imagined the word ij—j [as syn. with j~-/\ '•
otherwise there is no reason for the ». (M, TA.)
_ See also ^~j : and see »jm-t, in two places.

3C: )
SjU*: j

see

L$r»*-

see L yilj»->, in three places.

*»* j *

j^»-W &nd * 'b**-^ The vehemence of heat in
[the Syrian month of] jy*3 or j^J [correspond-
ing to July, O. S.]: (S.JjL:) [pi. of the former
je».l^:] both are [said to be] post-classical
words : (S :) but they are [classical words,] ara-
bicized; for they occur in verses of the kind
called jL^j of some of the [early] Arabs. (MF.)
= ' } ^-U\ The moon. ( A boo-' A lee, K.)

mm t m is*

ilj^-W: seej^-W-

3 1 ' 9**1

iSl^ '• see olr*-*.
j*~ei\ : dim. of

q.v. (KL.)

f
R. Q. L ^lv', (S, ¥0 >nf. n. Sl^ and

f '*ri ;, (TA,) [a verb imitative of the sound

158

which it signifies,] He (a camel [in a state of
excitement]) brayed, (S, K,) so that his V&Ui
[or faucial bag] filled hit mouth: (S:) or, as
somo say, began to bray. (TA.) _ [Hence,
perhaps,] He (a man) said [f—>] or j~> j-> [&,c.].
(TA, and Har p. ttOG.) And [hence,] £ t - j

,/■■.■»■ o ' .//e rejoiced in my company. (Har uUi

- * . j j . . i . j . * * * -

supra. ) And J*-/)l *+*H H'' *8ta *— > or -i—i .*_. >

&c. <o Mc mm. (S.) L C C C

•-j, (S, A, K, &.c.,) [in some copies of the K
written — j, wliicli is wrong, for it is] like ^,

(A,) [i. c] like ji, (TA,) [perhaps, as I have
suggested above, from the sound made by a hc-
cnmel in a state of excitement,] a word used on
the occasion of praising ; (S, A ;) on praising one
from whom lias proceeded a good and wonderful
action; (liar p. 142;) on approving a thing; (T,
S, Meb, K ;) on being pleased with it, or having
one's admiration excited by it ; (A, K ;) or on the
occasion of glorying and of praising; (K ;) in
pronouncing a thing great in estimation, ( I Amb,)
or excellent ; (AHeyth ;) in deeming a thing
great in estimation, (AHei,) or good; (Mgh;)
or it means wonder, or admiration; (It;) and
sometimes it is used [ironically] to denote disap-
proval ; also, as un exhortation to gentleness with
a thing, and to taking extraordinary pains ; (TA ;)
and in a CUM of expertness, or skilfulncss : (AHei :)
it means J*Jll _#*J and JjiAII^ju [Excellent, or
most excellent, is the man! and, the deed!]; (Har
p. 142 ;) [or simply, excellent ! or most excellent !
how (food! how yiiodly ! well done! bravo! and
the like;] or j^l ^iis. nud^aLi [great in esti-
mation is the thing, or aJJ'air, or event, or case!]:
(K:) MF observes, [probably from finding 1^ in
the place of ~~> in his copy or copies of the K,] that
this explanation is like sin express assertion that it
is a verb in the pret. tense, which requires consi-
deration. (TA.) It is used alone; and in this
case you rniy, £,<■, (K,) and i_J, (Msb, K,) with
kesr for its invariable termination, (Msb,) and
£V, and ±-> ; (K, TA ; [but in the CK, in the
place of £y and .Lf, we find *-;;]) without tcsh-
decd, (T, Msb,) in most cases; (Msb;) but also
with teshdeed, (T, S, A,) like a noun ; so that one
says, JM ~> and ±~/ [&c, meaning I say excel-
lent ! &.c, to thee] : (S :) and one repeats it, (S,
A,K, &c.,) for the sake of emphasis; (S, A ;)
snying, £t £f, (IAmb, S, A, K, &c.,) with the
£ quiescent like the J in ji and Jj, (IAmb,)
»"d fri i^f, (8, A, R, K,) pronounced in the
latter manner, with tenween, when in connexion
with a following word, [and in this case only,
whereas it is pronounced in the former manner in
any case,] (8, A,) and ^ ^, (S,* A,» R, K,)

nnd t? tt' ^ and & tr 1 ' ^ R '^

fl<yj\ 9^»~t J*»» A camel that fills his mouth

•' i ' i • - !
with his f Xm lii [or faucial bag] when he brays.

(90

^* i * i « i^/J Camels to which one says j-j iJ ;
being pleased with tliem : (ISd, TA :) or large-

bellied camels; (K;) as also <t ; a. #j. .a, which is
formed from the former by transposition ; from

- - 9 *

9-1 i—>, or ±-> -lj, which is said by the Arabs in

praising a thing; as though, by reason of their
greatness, the people, seeing them, said, How
goodly arc they ! (TA.)

1. * S£ m i He beat, struck, or smote, him. ; (JK,
K ;) namely, a man. (JK.) [Sec also aX>.]

2. t ZyfLtfi [inf. n. of <«JCa^] The overcoming

another with an argument or the like ; or reducing
him to silence, through inability to reply ; i. q.
w^CJ : and the addressing an adversary in a
dispute or litigation with speech so as to put a
stop to his plea, or allegation : from the author of
the Tekmileh. (Mgh.) _ Also, as a term of the
theologians, The believing at first view, without
consideration of a thing : so in C.j^.JJI l Ac _U>
[he prayed according to the belief which he formed
at first view, without consideration] ; said of a
person when the kiblch is doubtful, and he cannot
work out a solution of the difficulty. (Mgh.)

Q. Q. 2.

sec

C^,' Fortune ; or particularly good fortune ;

syn. j«L, (S, A, K,) and iaL: (Msb, TA :) a

foreign, or Persian, word, (Msb,) arabicized :

(S, K.:) or post-classical : accord, to the 'Inaych,

not a chaste Arabic word : but in the Shifa cl-

Ghalccl said to have been used by the Arabs in

ancient times ; and the like is said in the L : Az

says, " I know not if it be Arabic or not." (TA.)

§ • j
c~»»-> [a coll. gen. n.] A species of camels; (S,*

Msb;) the Khurasanee [or Hadrian] camels;

(K ;) begot between an Arabian she-camel and a

«JU [which is a large two-humped camel brought

from Es-Sind for the purpose of covering] ;
(TA;) long-ncchcd; (Nh ;) [large and strong,
accord, to Ibn-Maaroof ; and two-humped, accord,
to Leo Africanus : the Mauritanian Arabs call
thus all camels promiscuously ; but accord, to the
more common use of the word are to be under-
stood hairy camels, fit for winter-worh; generally
of Turhumdn or Hadrian breed; distinct from
the Arabian, which are accustomed to bear bur-
dens in winter and summer: (Golius:)] they are

also called ♦ Z~ti~> : (K :) n. un. t .Jikj ; (S,
Msb ;) fern. * 11^ : (S :) pi. J>}*-4, (S, Msb,
K,) imperfectly dccl., (S,) and ^U-J (K, TA [in
the CK ^jjlo»v]) and oUj, (K,) and you may

say [with the article] ^U^JI, without tenween :
(S, Msb:) it is a foreign, or Persian, word, (TA,)
arabicized: but some say, it is Arabic: (S, TA:)
some hesitate as to its being Arabic because

not. (Msb.)

• • j

and A . ; a».> : see C *j»y ; for the latter, in

two places.

f
Cviv, not thought by IDrd to be a chaste

word, (TA,) Fortunate ; possessed of good for-
tune; (A, K, TA ;) as also *O^Lli. (S, A, K.)

. . S

, meaning la*.,

*J3 ft j

[Boor I,

• s '
Olsi-j One who acquires, as his permanent

property, camels such as are termed C-»».> : (K :)
and one who makes use of such camels. (TA.)

- J 3

Q.l.

sec what next foil \vs.

Q. 2. ji^y, (L,) inf. n. y*. .3 ; (JK, S, L,
K ;) and t^iJ, (L,) inf. n. \^ll> ; (L, K ;) He.
walked in a certain manner ; (S ;) with an elegant
gait ; (JK, K ;) with an elegant and a proud and
self -conceited gait, (L, TA, TK.,) with unaffected
inclining of the body from side to side; (TK ;) or
with a twisting of the back, (Fr, in TA, voce

St 00

Kfcv eJ, and Rd in lxxv. 33,) and with extended

3.9". % 9

steps. (Bd ibid.) You say also, ,«i j!m» fy ^J'JJ
a^ . ' .o and ^ y a, , ; Tj [Such a on- carries himself in
an elegant and a proud and self-conceited manner,
with an affected inclining of his body from side
to side, in his gait; or with a twisting of his bach,
and with extended steps]. (L.)

i^j^tw and " j.. Z i..< Elegant, or beautiful, in
gait and in body; (L, K: in [some of] the copies
of the K, instead of ^o— aJlj, is erroneously put
_,,... jfc l lj : TA:) applied to a man : (L:) or (so
accord, to the L and TA, but in the K " and ")
proud and self conceited : (L, K :) or who walks

%>9 " _,_.

in the manner termed jUtmmJi [sec Q. 2] : ( JK, L:)
the former epithet is also applied to a camel: (L:)
the fern, of the former is with S. (JK, L.)

^jy*i-j a subst. signifying The gait denoted by

> » ft -5 . IS * 9 *

j.o>^JI [inf. n. ofQ. 2]: (JK:) [and so*<u^*^:
whence the phrase] <Uj"«>. J I jljj O*^* Such a

9 9..

one walks in the manner termed J S Lmp . (S, L.)

4rf ' 9 '

iijJjLj : sec what ne<t precedes.

sec (J^iJ.

1. jjJUl O^v, (Msb,K,) aor. ^, (Msb,) or -,

(K,) inf. n.'JlJ (Msb, K) and JuJ, (TA,) Tlie
cooking-pot sent up fume, vapour, steam, or an
exhalation. (Msb, K.*)=^y, (S, K,) aor. :,

(K,) inf. n. j*-t, (TA,) He had a stinking mouth
[or breath ; he exhaled a stinking, or fetid, odour
from kis mouth]. (S, L, K.) You say, Oy^. ,»
U,Jl* She exhaled a stinking, or fetid, odour upon
us from Iter mouth. (A. [Rut in my copy of
that work, and in the TA, it is erroneously written
Ojj»»j.]) Aml^AJI j±->, aor. and inf. n. as above,
The mouth stank ; exhaled a stinking, or fetid,
odour. (Msb.) [See j*-i, below.]

2. C>fa0>-t She perfumed [or rather fumigated
her own or another's person or clothes &c. with

4. t^wl It (a thing) caused him to have a
stinking mouth [or breath]. (K,* TA.)

5. >»—y (S, K, &c.) He fumigated himself 'with
perfume or the like ; (TA ;) with j^»w- (S, A,

Book I.]

K.) One says, ji*. ,".>} jtimfy O*^ [Such a one
fumigates himself with perfume, and walks with
an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait,
with an affected inclining of his body from side
to side]. (A.)

jLj Stench, or fetor, of the mouth [or breath]
(S, A, K) <\'c. .• (AHn.K :) and any odour that
rises arid diffuses itself, (K, TA,) whether stinking
or not; as also ♦jW;. (TA.)

j\±j [Fume, vapour, steam, or exhalation;]
what rises from water, like smoke; (S;) any
fume (K, TA) that rises and diffuses itself (T A)
from what is hot, (K, TA,) or from hot water ;
(TA ;) anything that rises and diffuses itself
from hot water or from damp earth : pi. c^jI
and OljUiJ. (Msb.) _ Also The stench of a
noiseless omission of wind from llic anus. (TA.)
_ Sec also f±~>.

jjr, ; Incense, or a substance for fumigation ;
pyn. *i±}; (Msb;) that with which one fu mi-
nutes himself: (S, A, Msb, K :) aloes-wood used
for that purpose. (TA in nit. jZJ.) — yt>yt jj»~>
[Arthanita, or sow-bread; the common cyclamen;
also called sji}^\ ; tlic latter name, accord, to
Uoliug, on tin: authority of Zcyn El-'Attar, {riven
to it hy the Syrians;] « certain plant, (K,)
originally called t^jc ; hot; dry; (TA;) having
the property uf clearing the complexion, or skin;
aperient; diuretic; (K ;) laxative; (TA ;) and
reri/ useful: (K :) it is a laxative when used in
the form of a suppository, or applied as a liniment
below the navel. (TA.)

j± •] J faring a stinking mouth [or breath] : (S,
Msb, K:) fem. i\jL^: and pi. ]L!f. (Msb.)

say,

j*-t~ £S*
He diminished to him his right,

or due; deprived him, or defrauded him, of a

part of it. (S, A.) And it is said in the Kur

[vii. 83 and xi. 86 and xxvi. 183], t^Ii-J •&

>0 a;Uw1 ^Ut [And ye shall not diminish unto

men llieir things] : (Msb :) or the verb in this

instance has the signification next following.

(TA.)_Zfe wronged him; acted wrongfully,

or unjustly, towards him. (A, K.) = ^-o^j
>'%' * * '

<u-t : see ^je±~>-

6. \y m-\.~ They defrauded one another in a
sale. (K.)

v~a~> Deficient ; defective. (S.) It is said in
the Kur [xii. 20], v-*-* O-*^ «J.Pj And they
sold him for a deficient, or defective, price: (S,*
Msb,* TA :) or for a price less than was incum-
bent : or for an insufficient price : or for an
unjust price; accord, to Zj ; because the 6ale of a
man that has been found is unlawful. (TA.) =
Land that produces herbage without being [arti-
ficially] watered: (JK, S, K :) or land ivhich is
watered by the ruin; because it has deficient
watering: (Mgh :) pi. >j->yi~>- (JK, TA.) __
Also, (TA, as from Ibn-Malik,) or " ^...a^.i,
[which is more probably the correct form,] a
rcl. n. from ^ r- j in the sense immediately pre-
ceding, explained in the T as signifying, (Mgh,)
Seed-produce that is not. irrigated with water
from a spring or nvll or the like, but. only by tke
rain. (Mgh, and TA from Ibn-Malik.)

A thing that occasions one's knowing, or
inferring, or suspecting, stench, or fetor, of the
mouth [or breath; a cause of stench, or fetor, of
tke mouth or breath]: such is said to be the
sleeping between diiybrcak and sunrise, or in the
first part of the day. (TA.)

Sj*~~» A vessel for fumigation ; a censer; syn.
Ipm *■ [q. v. : pi. >»Af»]. (Msb in art. j-o^--)

JLL» A garment perfumed [or rather/umjV/afcd
with perfume]. (A.)

jj-' '- [Affected by the fumes of wine &c; or]
affected with pain and headache occasioned by
wine, or with tke remains of intoxication. (IAar,
K.)

1. i* ' i- ;, aor. ; , inf. n. u~*»V> He diminisked
it ; lessened it ; made it deficient, or defective :
(S, A, Msb, K :) or he made it faulty. (Msb.)
Yon say, J&J1 J-L, [for J^JI J&l JJ-J
The measurer made defective measure]. (A.)
Anil of a just sale, JxUw % a-4 ,^~*^ "$, (S,) or
byLi *f), (T,TA,) [There is no deficiency in it
nor excess.] And it is said in the Kur [lxxii. 13],

^~aX> Any one who acts wrongfully, or un-
justly. (TA.) It is said in a prov., ^U^*- \\« <* 3
is~*{/ /jfcj ; (S, A, K ;) so runs the prov. ; but
accord, to Th, (S,) you may also say i-a-b ; (S,
K;) i.e., [Thou thinkest her stupid,] but she is
wrongful, or unjust : applied to him who feigns
himself to be of weak understanding when he is
crafty and cunning. (K, TA.) The origin of the
prov. was this: a man of the Bcnu-l-'Ambar,
of Tcmcem, mixed his property with that of a
woman, coveting the possession of it, and thinking
that she was stupid, and that she did not take
care of her property nor know it : then he made
a division with her, after he had mixed ; but she
was not content with the division until she took
her property : she complained of him to those in
authority, so that he released himself from her by
giving her what she desired of the property: and
the man was reproved for his conduct; it being
said to him, " Thou chcatcst a woman : is not this
wrongful conduct (^-*~>) 1" whereupon he replied
in the words above, which became a proverb.
(Th,K,*TA.)

Uij-^

wiU-i ^i He shall not fear diminu-

tion of the reward of his actions, nor wrong, or
injustice. (TA.) And in this sense, [as also in
the next,] the verb is doubly trans. (Msb.) You

1. 4J~c i>»^, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. - ,
(S, Mgh, K,) inf. n. JalJ, (S, Mgh,) He put out
his eye; syn. UUi, (Mgh,) and Uj^e : (A, Mgh:)
or he pulled out his eye [altogether, i. e.,] with its
bulb : (S, K : [in the former, \ t ~,m * *-» : in the

latter, not so well, 1 >0 » *.■ :]) or he put his finger
into his eye: (Msb:) Yaakoob says that you

150

should not say J-eLj ; (S ;) and so says ISk:
(TA in art. v^-i-- :) but accord, to As, as related
by Aboo-Turab, you say <U«fc ^W . ' and Usjiwj
and lyl^-i, all as meaning he put out his eye;
syn. Ulii : (TA :) and IAar says that \ ~ r^ / and
\'r^ '■ signify alike : (Msb :) the former of tlicsc
two is a dial. var. of the latter ; (TA in art. i^-^y ;)
and signifies he put it out (Ulii) with his finger
or some other thing: (Lth, As, and Kin ait.
u-J-j :) but ,>»-* * s tuc better word. (Lb, IAar,
Msb.)

£^

1. 3l~j JJI «iJ, (Z, in the Faik,) or SUI, (Z,

s • • «

in the A,) or SLUU, (0,K,) [aor. -, inf. n. **~i,]
He slaugktcrcd the beast for slaughter, or the
sheep or goat, with much, or extraordinary, effec-
tiveness, or energy, (Z, K,) so that ke reached the
bach of the neck, (Z, in the A,) or .10 that he
reached the c\Lj, (K, TA, [in the CK cUJ,])
cutting the bone if tke neck. (TA.) This is the
primary signification ; and hence the verb is used
to denote the doing anything to a great extent, in
a great degree, egregiously, or with much or
extraordinary effectiveness or energy or the like.

(Z, K.) [Hence you say,] «uju *ji~t, (S, Msb,

K,) nor. - , (Msb, K,) inf. n. ^ (S, Msb) and
LsiJ, (TA,) I He killed himself with grief, (S,
Msb, K, TA,) or with wrath, or rage. (Msb,
TA.) And Jy-iil griLtf ^ lyJb \They ex-
ceeded tke ordinary bound* in subduing and
abasing tkcmselccs by obedience. (TA.) — And
ijm^mij ^j-hJ Jii «^~ » a_ , i, aor. - , inf. n. f^V.
I / exerted for tkee myself and my good advice,
or counsel, laboriously, earnestly, or with energy :
(TA :) and aL li ii '^>, (K, TA,) inf. 11. ^-J,
(TA,) t lie acted sincerely towards him, and
took extraordinary pains, in giving him good
advice, or counsel. (K, TA.) _ And <J A^i
JsLjW, (S.'K.'TA,) inf. n. lj&4; and '^, inf.n.
r ^ ; and icU-j ; t He confessed, or acknow-
ledged, to him the right, or due, and humbled
himself to him : (S, K, TA:) or you say, ^y*^.
J»J^, inf. n. P^^-J; meaning + he submitted
himself to me, and gave the. right, or due,
freely: (Msb:) and i w.jjj. j 1 1 became sub-
missive and obedient, and made confession, or
acknowledgment, to him : or, accord, to the A,
»j^j signifies t he made confession, or acknow-
ledgment, with the utmost submissivencss. (TA.)
__ And tjl*. U^Li iui~f I He related his informa-
tion, or news, truly to such a one. (K.) — Also,
i^£sji\ *4mi, aor. - , inf. n. *si~«, t H* dug tke
well until its water appeared. (Ks, K.)^And
hence the saying of 'Aisheh, speaking of 'Omar,
\X£>\ OiUi ^j^l £±*, meaning t B* subdued
and abased the people of the earth, [so that it
disclosed] and he drew forth the treasures that it
contained, and the possessions of the kings. (TA.)

And iptj^JV L^J*^ 1 £*-*• (K») inf *- n - J*^i ( TA
I He exhausted the strength of the land by sowing,

160

tilling it continuously, and not giving it rest for a
year. (K,TA.)

cU^Jl A certain vein, or nerve, (Ji^*,) in the

v-A-e [or back-bone], (Z in the Faik and Ksh,
ami K,) lying within the UJ [or back of the nock];
(Z in the K»h, und TA ;) Bd says, lying within
the jUi [or vertebra-] ; but it is said that this is
a mistranscription, and that the right reading is
tin- Uj, as in tin- Ksli ; and it is said in the K to
1h) running into the bone [or, as in the CK,
bones,] of the neck; but this is a mistake: (TA:)
accord, to an assertion of Z, (K,) in his Fiiik and
Ksh, (TA,) it is different from the cliJ, with ,j,
which is the white cord in the interior of the bone
of the neck, extending to the back-bone: but
IAtli says, I have searched long in lexicons, and
in books of medicine and anatomy, but have not
found cla»Jt, with ^>, mentioned in any of them.
(TA.) C

iUb £*-V 4&S, in the Kur [xviii. 5], (?,)
means J And may-be thou wilt kill thyself (S, K)
with grief, (§,) being beyond measure eager for
their becoming Muslims. (K, TA.) These words
imply an incitement to abstain from regret (B.)

*m~/\ [More, and most, effectual to kill, and

1 -I *1T •>-•» t' . J , it t 1

destroy]. (K voce %*».\, q. v.) __ itU» *»^\ ^
J Tkey are more sincere and more energetic in
obedience than others ; as though they exceeded
the ordinary bounds in subduing and abasing
themselves by obedience. (TA, from a trad.)

!• J^-it aor. -'; and JA^, aor. '-; He had
that affection of an eye which it termed JmLJ,
explained below. (K.) [And,] accord, to ISd,
*^e* C^«».^, and Ci >;, Hit eye went away; or

jierished: and ». q. OjU [his eye became blind;
or became wanting ; or sank in its socket]: the
more approved form is [wJU»y,] with fct-h [to
the incdial radical] : and it is also explained as
meaning C* £* [it was put out ; or was blinded ;
tec]: (TA :) or, accord, to the Mj, ^ai\ C JU '•
signifies the flesh [app. meaning the bulb, which
is also termed the i,m %,] of the eye disappeared:
and the epithet applied to the eye in this case

'" * ****?'. , (M E h -) *™ *£ J4 aor. « , (S, K,)
inf. n. Ji^, (§,) i. ^. lij^c [J$f« put out his eye;'
or made it to sink in -fts socket] ; (Lth, S, K ;)
as nlso * VU^I i (TA :) or the former, (Mgh,)
and t the latter, (AA, K, TA,) t. q. UUi [he put
it out ; or blinded it ; Sec]. (AA, Mgh, £.)
4 : see 1, in two places : oaand see also 7.

7. Oe"" « J -i^ .. > l, so in the Mohect; accord,
to the K> ^» r .iifc f l, but this is wrong; t. q. <LtjjS
[The eye fell out from its place; or became dis-
placed] ; as in the K. (TA.)

J' ' - -

i>^ [app. inf. n. of J^ : and, as a simple

subst.,] The worst, or most unseemly, kind of ^
[or blindness of one eye, or loss thereof, Sec], and
that in which there is most [of the foul matter
termed] ^i. : [in the C£, for U^. tjiilf, is
erroneously put U^£ ijii>| ; and so I find in

£*-* — •*#
the JK:] or the state w n-Aic/* f/<« edge of one's
eyelid (^i jii [in the CK <u£ >i-]) will not
meet the black, or part surrounded by the white :
(Lth, K:) or blindness of one eye (j^*) by the
disappearance, in the head, of the black, or part
surrouiidcd by the white : (S :) or the disappear-
ance of that part of the eye, in the head, after
blindness of the eye: (Sh.TA:) or the having
the sight gone, but the eye remaining open, blind,
or white-and blind, but still whole. (IAar,TA.)

i * j . , I'M

&***, and with 5 : see J^t, in three places.

•',, l ,' , %' ,» • •« I'M

i^e*" c^"V ! and aao-u ^s. : see Jm^I, in two
places.

0*~v J»-j and » ,,*»-/ and j^jdl " J^.1^ and
Cx* 11 T iJ>»f* all signify the iame ; (K ;) i. e.
A man blind of one eye ; or wanting one eye ;
or having one of his eyes sunk in its socket ; or

having one of his eyes dried up; syn.J^tl: (TA :)
[or having that affection of an eye which is termed
J»»v:] and in like manner l\k±~> applied to a
sheep or gout for sacrifice on the occasion of the
pilgrimage signifies ilj^c [blind of one eye; &c.];
(Mgh, TA ;) or, as some say, having an eye of
which the black, or part surrounded by the white,
lias disappeared in the head. (Mgh.) And ^^

iUai^> and t UaXi and ♦ JUi-j and ▼ UuLj i. a.
~. t. • - l

Ujyt [An eye that is blind; &c.]: (K :) sec
also 1.

•* j j »' »' #|

e>«*" J[3 » » •* '• see ij^i\.

1. jm^, (JK,S,M?b,K,) aor. '-, inf. n. ji^';
(JK, Msb, K and jl^, aor. ^ , inf. n. jJLJ ;

(Msb, K ;) He was, or became, niggardly, tena-

. . . , • • j

nous, stingy, penurious, or avaricious : see J~, ,-,

below. (¥,TA.) You say, lj^ J^,', (S,TA,)

and aj J*L>, 2fe n>a«, or became, niggardly, Sec,

of such a thing. (TA.) And «uc J»^ [ife wt</«-

A«W, »ri</i niggardliness, from him] : and <uit J». . j

[he was niggardly to him]. (Bd and Jel in xlvii.

last verse.)

2. iuLy, (S,K,) inf. n. J^i-J, (K,) J/« attri-
buted, or imputed, to him J^ [or niggardliness,
&c] : (S :) or A« accused him thereof: (K :) or
he called him J-i^ [or niggardly, Sec]. (TA.)

4. *la*j\ He found him to be J-»-j [or nt/jr-
^ard/y, &c.]. (§, Msb, K.)

• • '

Jci-e : see what next follows.

Jji»j and » ^^ji-e, [both of which are properly
inf. ns.,] (JK,S,K,) and tj^', (Ks,S,Msb,
K,) which is a simple subst., (Msb,) and * j^J
(K) and t j^ and fjLf (TA) and tj^4,
(K,) of all which, the first is that which commonly
obtains, (TA,) are syn., (JK, §,) signifying Nig-
gardliness, tenaciousness, stinginess, penuriousness,
or avarice; contr. ofjij&a (K,TA) and l^L. ;
and its definition is the withholding of acquired
articles of property from that wherefrom it is
not lawful to withhold them : (TA :) or the de-
barring the asker, or beggar, from what one has

[Book I.

that is superabundant : (Msb :) and in the law,
the refusal of what is incumbent, or obligatory.
(M ? b, TA.)

J-a-> : see what next precedes.

* ' ' ••! t

i)»-t : see Jji~> : -_ and see also J*a>^.

• ' \

J^: ...

> see J*-/.

J^t: )

• * • * |)
il*i~l A single act, or instance, of Ji^ [or

niggardliness Sec]. (JK, TA.)

• ' '

J\»~i : see what next follows.

Jt^ (JK,S,Msb,K) and * j^C (?, Msb,
¥) Niggardly, tenacious, stingy, penurious, or
avaricious; (K;) i. c. ^jLv^J; (Msb;) cpithots
from 1 : (S, Msb :*) or one /ro7?» whom niggard-
liness is experienced much or often: (TA : [aip.
in explanation of the former:]) and so 1Aj ,-, m
inf. n. used ns an epithet [and therefore implying
more than the possession of the simple attribute
of niggardliness Sec, being a kind of personifica-
tion] ; (Abu-l-'Omcythil El-Aarabec, K ;) and
t Jll; (S, K) and t ju; (K) and ? jL^ (JK,
K) i. e. Jji-JI jwjw [wry, or vehemently, nij-
gardly Sec]: (S,TA:) pi. of the first, fuJ> ;
(Mr1>,K;) and of the second, JiLj (K) and
Jll;. (TA.)

J>»v : see J-^.

• ■ » \

J^: ) . .

. - > see J^.

A cat«e of, or a tAin<7 t/»a< incites to,

Jjiy [or niggardliness Sec] : (K :) a word of the

, *" * ' **.'*' * ' ' • *

same class as a ;,.*..» and iBuLs and <UJmm and

5jU» &c. (TA.) So explained as occurring in

the trad., (TA,) iUJLo Siili jjyi [Children

are a cause of niggardliness and a cause of

cowardice]; (S,TA;) because on account of them

one loves property, and continuance of life. (S

in art. o-*-)

-V

ji-4 : see J««^.

1. j*, aor. - , inf. n. J^ : sec 2. — aJU-j jl^
He parted his legs, or straddled, (S, M, K>) in

the stocks, or otherwise. (M.) »j^, (M,K,)

aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) He removed with
it, witlulrem with it, drew away with it, [or drew
it away, from its place,] (M,K,) namely, a thing.
(M.) _ He made him (namely, his companion,
M) to retire, or withdraw, far away ; and to
refrain, forbear, or abstain; (M, K ;) ;JyiJI o*
from the thing. (M.) _.jl^! iUj J>e jJ^> j^l lit
i" will defend thee from that thing, or event, by
repelling it, or averting it, from thee. (M, L.)

— *vl JJI jii £>*■ >>-i It (a felt cloth) too* c«f,
or slit, so as to be clear of the galls, or sores,
on the back of the beast. (M, TA.) = j*, (M,)
second pers. Oj^j, (S, K,) aor. j^j, (M,) inf. n.
i**! 1 * (T, S, M, K,) Ife (a man) was, or became,

Book I.]

161

wide between the thighs, (ISk, T, S, M, K,) by
reason of abundance of flesh: (ISk, S, M:) or
wide between the arm* ; (K ;) having the arms
far from the sides: (M:) or wide between tlie
shoulder-joints ; (M :) or large in make, having
one part far from another. (M, K.) _ Also
He (a quadruped, ISk, T, S, or a horse, M)
had his fore legs far apart : (ISk, T, S, M :)
or he (a horse) had his fore legs far from his
sides : (Lth, T :) and he (a camel) had his elbows

far from his sides. (T.) = <w L3 jl_>, aor. '- ,
He furnislied his earners saddle ivith what are

called OW.V and o'^iJ^- (?) [Sec jlj^.]

p w * *

2. iju, inf. n. jujuj, /Zie separated, disunited,
dispersed, or dissipated ; (S, M, A, Mgh, L, K ;)

as also " jl^, aor. - , inf. n. jlj : (S, L :) or
die latter has litis meaning, and the former sig-
nifies he separated, disunited, dispersed, or dis-
sipated, much. (Msb.) __ He (a man) gave
his equal share of the expenses for a journey.
(IAar, T.) [Sec also 3.] = 7/e (a man) was,
or became, weary, tired, or fatigued : (IAar, T,
M,K:) or he drowsed, or slumbered, while sit-
ting, without sleeping. (EL.)

^ 3. J£i)» lit, (T,K,) inf. n. S*U (M,K) and
>U*, (T, M, K,) with which the subst. '.jlj^ is
syn., (M, and mentioned also in a MS. copy of
-the K, and in the CK, and in the TA, but not as
from the K,) as also ▼ i*\j^, (TA, as from the K,
but not in the CKnor in my MS. copy of the
K,) The people, or company of men, contributed
what was necessary to be expended (in a journey,
T, M, L), each man giving something, and then
collected the sum, and expended it among them-
selves. (T, M, L, K.) In a copy of the K, for
»• * *j t • *• *

sJuJut, is erroneously put <uyL^. (TA. [In

the CK, <uyUj.]) Accord, to IAnr, >t«>v signifies
Tlio contributing' equally for the purchasing of
corn, or food, to eat : and also a people's having
monci/, or property, divided into lots, or portions,
and distributed in shores among them : (L:) [and]
accord, to the ssniir, the dividing property among
a people in shares. (T. [See also 4.]) _ Also,
oW, (M, A, K,) or gj\ J> oW, (S.) inf. n.

HC, (S, A,K,) or i>'>&, (TA,) and 1\S< ; (S,
M.A,K;) and oo ?&* £$£, (S,M,£,) or
5jU-o; (A;) He bartered, or exchanged commodi-
ties, with him; syn. £«JW *-«j**» (M, A,* L,)

* WW *t » * w im * ' *

and i-ijlx-o olcIj : (S, K :) from the saying, IJdk

3 J t § W

o ja, and fj^iJ-j, " this is the like of it :" (L :) from
IAar. (M.) [See also j^.]

4. ."lijjl ^ j*t, (As.T.) and ilkil J^ j*l,
(8, M, L, K,j and ,l£Jd1 ^1, (M, A, Mgh,)
He divided among them the gift, giving to each
of them his lot, or share, or portion, (S, M, A,
Mgh, L, K,) singly, not giving a portion to be
shared by two : (As, T, M,* Mgh, L :) said with
respect to food and property and any other thing.
(M.) You say,^liEj£ jOlJ^iJ^t I divided
among them, in shares, the property and the
food. (IAar,T.) [Hence,] 1^5 S^3^>j*1 (T,
S, A, Mgh, from a trad.) [Give thou to each
of them a date; or] distribute thou among them
to each a date : (T :) said by Umin-Selemeh, (T,
Bk. I.

A, Mgh,) to a slave-girl, when beggars had become
numerous. (A.) >1 jul in relation to a gift signi-
fies The giving [persons] one by one ; and ol/*»
the " giving two by two." (A 'Obeyd, T.) [See
also 3.] — jj *J *j is used by a poet, referring to
a saying, and is explained by IAar as meaning
It (the saying) shall be distributed among them

w »2* I > * w * w it * w *

(,s*<? lit**) ; opposed to p^ [i. e. ^,f » .«» j ;
which shows that the former means it shall be
addressed to them one by one, or separately], (M,
TA. [The author of the former adds, " I know
not, in discourse, <uj j^I as meaning aSJ^i :" but

... , * . ww w %* . 03 B I

this is not what IAar means. J ) i>_-^». ■<■» l**J^I

Allot thou to them (namely, two lambs,) ttoo
ewes, to each lamb a ewe, to suckle it : said when
one ewe is not sufficient for both the lambs. (T, ¥
S.) — A ..A...J } jo\ He extended his upper arms,
separating them from his sides, in prostrating him-
self in prayer. (T, A, Mgh, L.) __ ^Jl » ju j^\
u°j*y He extended his arm, or hand, to the
ground, or earth, (T, S, Mgh, L,) as one docs
when he takes up something from it. (L.)^
tj^j j^\ He prolonged his look. (T, L.) And
oj^l «jl)1 (T, A, L) He prolonged his look at
him, or it ; as one does when he sees a thing
that he dislikes. (T, L.)

5. ijJi It (a thing, S, M, L, and a people,
or company of men, T, L) became separated, dis-
united, dispersed, or dissipated; (T, S, M, L,
K ;) [as also * ju_u, for its inf. n.] Sjjjj like-
wise signifies the being separated, disunited, &c.
(AA,T.) = Ci ^il\w? They divided a thing
among themselves in lots, shares, or portions,

(K,) equally. (TA.) ^W-J« jii >X? It (an

ornament) occupied the two sides, (A,) or the
whole, (K,) of t/ie bosom of the girl. (A, K.) [See
an ex. voce oUU..]

6. Ij^lJ They removed to a distance, one from
another. (Ham p. 823.) _ They went, or passed,
two by two, each one of a pair removing, or with-
drawing, with the other, or making the other to

retire, or withdraw, far away. (M.) They

went forth into the field [of battle], one to ano-
ther : (A :) or they took their adversaries, or
opponents, [with whom to fight,] (T, S, K,) each
man his man ; as also t^k^lj^ tyi) : (K :) or
this latter signifies they met their numbers, to
each man a man, (T, S.)

* * m

8. vj-^W »'j^1 They two took kirn on both
sides of him, (T, S, K,) or came to him on both
sides of him, (K,) with beating. (T, $.)

w J»yJl u'-'-H (J^*~-M The two wild beasts come
upon both sides of the man. (S, A.) ^U^^JI

.ill i.: '

Uf»l O' ->~i (T, §, A*) The two sucldings suck
their mother on either side, one from one breast
ami tlie other from the other breast. (T, A*

TA.) You do not say, 1^1 Uj^, but Ujlill
UWf. (T,S.)

10. jul.<t He was, or became, alone ; indepen-
dent of others; (S,M, L, Msb, K; in the first
and last expl. by )ji3 ; and in the others, by
ijii\\) exclusively of others ; (Lj) without any

to share, or participate, with him ; or he had
none to share, or participate, with him : (Msb :)
<V [in it ; i. e. he luid it, or kept it, to himself,
exclusively, with none to share with him in it] :
(K :) and I «i£* [in such a thing] : (S, L :) and

&i\fi [in his opinion ; i. e. he followed his own
opinion only, with nifne to agree with him ; or he
was singular in his opinion] : (M, L :) and j-«ly

[in a thing, or an affair] : (L, Msb :) and tyiAi
[in his affair] ; meaning he obtained [absolute]
predominance, or control, over his affair, so that
people would not hear [or obey] any other. (A.)
It is said in a trad., j-o^l \jx ^j U ,jl ^jj L£>

wSw * 9$ wW*Sfw 5 '

UJkt ^ jl^»U U*. [We used to opine that we had
a right to act in this affair, and ye have been

alone the actors, predominant over us]. (L.) And

you say, o^tj*^ <*r-*) meaning t The thing,
or affair, overcame such a one, so that he could
not manage it well, or thoroughly. (A.)

WW 90 •« W% W

R. Q. 1. jb/jv> »nf. n. *>yj^ : see 5.

j*t as signifying A separating oneself, or an
artifice whereby one may avoid a thing or escape
from it, (MF,) or an avoiding a thing, (Msb,)
is not nsed but in negative phrases, (Msb, MF,)
except by post-classical writers. (MF.) You say,

I i£» ly» ±t y (T, P, M, &c.) There is no sej>a-
rating oneself from such a thing : (A A, T, S, A ,
K :) or there is no artifice whereby one may
avoid it, or escape from it : (M, K :) or there
is no avoiding it : (Msb :) it is absolutely neces-
sary : it is not possible to separate oneself from
it, nor is there anything that can scrre in its

stead. (TA.) And jS aIo JJ U [Thou fcist not
any means, or way, of separating thyself from

w $ « I w tw

it, or avoiding it]. (M, L.) And j*>*)\ \J^i L ^ e J

I,

j>i There is no artifice for this affair. (T.) [It

is also said, with reference to Uic first of these

it . . i.t

phrases, that] ju signifies Amp'itude ; from j^l

meaning "wide between the legs." (Ham p. 348.)
=sAlso, (M,K,) and ▼.* (M) and * jtj^ (IAar,
T, M, ?0 and t Ji.^, (R, TA,) or l\\Xi, (CK,)
and tsj,;, (IAar, T, M, K,) or tjjL,, (S, A,
IAth, and mentioned also in a copy of the K,)
but J has been charged with error in writing it
thus, (K,) by Sgh, (TA,) A lot, sluire, portion,
or set portion ; (T, S, M, A, IAth, K ;) of any-
thing : (M, K :) [or] the last signifies a piece, or
portion, separated, disunited, or dispersed : (Ham
p. 823:) the pi. of jl.* is jj^j and of ijj, lj!f,
(IAar,T,M;) and of Sj^, jjs». (IAth, and Ham
p. 823.) — Also the first, A substitute; a thing
given, or received, or put, or done, instead of, in
the place of, or in exchange for, another thing ; a
compensation ; syn. ^^t : (S, L, TA :) it is said
to have this signification. '(§.) [In the copies of the
K, kjo£}\ is put in the place of J&yso'l : but this is
said in the TA to be a mistake.] j= j^ is also an
arabicized wprd,^from 1^/, (T,S,M,K, [in a
copy of the M, I*/,]) which is Persian ; (T, S ;)
meaning An idol; (IDrd, S, M, K ;) pi. i^
(S, K) and jt.^1 : (K :) and (or accord, to some,

21

102

TA) the house of an idol: (K:) or a house in
which are idols and images or pictures. (M.)

jy : see «*y. _ Also, and * jo jo (T, K) and

1 ij>tJkt, (K,) A like ; a fellow; an equal. (T,

£.) You say, »«v yt and " »ju jj lie, or t°<, u

' * i . j

the like, &c, of him, or it. (T.) And (J.jj U*
7/iey /n>o n>e KAtt, or fellows, or equals. (TA.)
And . J tJuLSi "jjj-j ^1 wol U T/tou ar< no<
wiy /t'Ae, or fellow, or equal, that thou shouldst
speak to vie. (TA.)

»j* : sec >jj.

Sju: sec j^. as Also .1 fiistance ; a space;
an interval; an extent, or an extreme extent ; a
lomj space, or ant/ space, of time. (M, K,* TA.) So

tit . .t*. t.

in the saying, Sju -iU~>j ^jw [Between me and
thee is a distance, &c.]. (M, TA.)

♦jo ! sec jy, and jljo. :

-. and sec also >ju.

i jo and b Jo : sec il jo, in three places : =
and sec also 3. = j ju <u JU U> and * j ju and
» Sjy TViom hast not power, or ability, to do it, or
<o bear it, or fo cope irftA him. (S, M, K.)

ilj^ J^JI O.L.; (T, S;) in which jtj* is
indecl., with kesr for its termination because it
deviates from its original form, i. c., the inf. n.
jjy ; and it is indecl. because it deviates from its
original form and is of the fern, gender and has
the quality of an epithet; for two of these causes
render it imperfectly dccl., and the three render
it indecl. ; (S ;) or ,>tju jljo, and ,>1jy jljo, (Lh,
M, K,) the last indecl. with fct-h for its termina-
tion, (TA,) and t jjy jjy, (Lh, M, K,) also
indecl., with fet-h, (TA,) and composed in the
same manner as JLc <»,,,,»., (Lh, M, TA,) and
" l,>jy bJ^; (Lh,M,K;) all of these indecl.
except the last, and each virtually in the accus.
case as a denotative of state, except the last,
(MF,) which is literally in the accus. case, as an
inf. n. ; (M, MF ;) The horses, or horsemen, came
in a state of dispersion : (T, S, M, K :) or one
by one. ; or one after another. (T, L.) And
it jo >tyU1 JSyu The people, or company of men,
became separated, in a state of dispersion. (S.) And
>tjy i'JV>»yUI *r**i Th e people, or company of
men, went away [in a state of dispersion; or] one by
one; or one after another. (T, L.) [See also
jjjy'.] It is said in a form of prayer, JTI U\

\}JS jipmmA} " tjjo ifJUil [O Ood, slay them
one by one, and reckon them by number] : (M :)
or Ijjo ><rv -oiJI^ I i js. jfptmml, or, accord, to one

recital, lj j* ^v^'jj P 1 - °^ * **fc l ' le meaning
being [reckon them by number, and] curse them,
or slay them, with a cursing, or slaughter, distri-
buted among tliem by shares. (Mgh.)__>»y l>
jIjy i'-V means O my people, take each one of
you his adversary, or opponent [with whom to
fight]. (As, T, S, K:.*) Here jlj< is indecl.,
with kesr for its termination, because it is an
imperative verbal noun, and the imperative is
alike uninfluenced with respect to its termination
by any governing word ; and it is said to be with
kesr because two quiescent letters would other-
wise occur together, [and] because it occupies the

place of an imperative verb [which in like manner

is terminated with kesr v. hen it is necessary to

prevent the occurrence of two quiescent letters

together].. (S.) _ With the article, you say,

it JlJI, (As, T,) which signifies The going forth

to encounter another in fight, or to single combat;

as in the saying, Uy»U>1 L»J aIjJI ^£s £ Had

we gone forth to encounter them in fight, (As, T,

S, K,) man to man, [they had not been able to

cope with us;] (As, T;) or man by man. (S,

I£.) You say also, ^a^Ij^ tyU, explained above :

it
sec 6. ass See also ju. = And sec 3.

• ■ i 3'
iljv : see »»y.

• . >j

}\ JV : see jy. = Also A stuffed lining put

beneath a [earners saddle of the kind called]
+fm»j, to defend the animaVs back from being
hurt thereby : there is one such on each side :
(T:) or, of a horse's saddle, and of';iw-Z-», (S,
M, K,) the stuffed thing, or pad, that is placed
beneath, in order that it may not gall the animal's
back; (M, K ;) as also ♦ juju : (K :) or the

ijljtjV a nd ♦ \j\'H J *t are tn, ° 1> ( '9 S (0^*i^*-)>
which are stuffed, and placed under the curved
pieces of wood, in order that the wood may not
gall the animaVs buck ; derived from aJU»j. jv

"he parted his legs:" (S:) [see also juju ;] or
the ^jljlju of a i» y j J are two things like pro-
vender-bags, 'which are stuffed, and bound with
strings, or cords, to the pieces of wood called the
OtxU» and »U*.l : (T :) or they are, to the >_..<-i,
like the f=> to the >J»-j, except that they do not
appear before the iiXii, being only within [it] :

• • tit

(M :) [see also *-•**- pi- [of pauc] Sjul (T, S)

and [of mult.] jolju. (S.)^_Also A piece of
felt, cloth, that is bound upon a beast which has a
galled, or sore, back, (L, K,) cut, or slit, so as to
be clear of the galls, or sores. (L.)

• - 3

jy jv : 8e e JJ, in three places. = Also A saddle-
t * j * *

bag; syn. ui: (K :) [and] (jljuju a pair of

saddle-bags; syn. ,jWr»- (S.).^See also ilju,
in two places. = Also A wide [desert such as U
termed] SjUU : (S, K :) or ju ju »^)L» [a desert, or
waterless desert,] in which is no one. (T, L. [In
a copy of the former written juju.])

♦ilju :

sec 3.

• * *

3

sec jo

i^ The inner side of the thigh : (M, A, K :) or
the part of the horseman's thigh that is next the
saddle: (T, M, A, L:) or the part between the
legs: (M,L:) the inner sides of the two thighs

i »

are called the O'^Wj (?,) because the saddle sepa-

3
rates them ; (IAar, M ;) and if so, jb is of the

• • j a*

measure J*l» in the sense of the measure JyuU ;

or it may be a possessive epithet [meaning jo «j].

ti '' * ' iff ,3 9

(M, L.) You say, s^j—JI ^* iUI v >-^. yk, mean-
ing He is a good rider upon the saddle. (A.) __
Also The part of a horse's back upon which the
thigh of the rider presses. (Kt, T, L.)

i-i

jol A man wide between the thighs, (ISk, S, M,

K,) by reason of abundance of flesh: (ISk, S,

[Book I.

M:) or wide between the arms; (K;) having
the arms far from the sides : (M :) or wide
between the shoulder-joints: (M:) or (so in the
K; but accord, to the S, "and") large in make,
(T, S, M, K,) having one part far from another :
(M,K:) and ivide in the breast: (Aboo-Malik,
T :) fcm. i\ jo : (S :) which also signifies a woman
(M, L) large in the &\ZJLi\ [or labia majora of
the vulva], (M, L, K,) having thiir edges far
apart : (M, L :) or having much flesh in the

thighs. (T, L.) jk/^l is used to signify The weaver,
(T, M, K,) because of the distance between his
thighs. (M.) The following sa} ing, (K,) quoted
by J, from the rujiz Aboo-Nuklicyleh Es-Saadec,

«-« ... t. i.t

JjN)l iJL» ^i JJI

is incorrect, and should be thus,

• Xr)\ i-io ^j£> *Tjv *

[A woman of large make, walhii. ■ in the manner
of the man of large make; or a woman wide
between the thighs, &c] ; (K ;) for it is descriptive
of a woman, as IB and Aboo-Sahl EI-Harawec
have observed before the author of the K. (TA.)
_ Also A horse [or any quadruped (see jj)]
having the fore legs far apart : (M, K :) or
having the fore legs far Jrom the sides : (TA :) or
wide between the legs : (Ham p. 348 :) and a
camel having the elbows far from the sides : (TA:)
and the fern. t\ ju, a cow having her fore legs far
apart. (S.) [Hcncej^jjt j$1 [in the CK^Jll]
The lion ; (M, K ;) the former epithet being
applied to him because his fore legs aro far apart,
and the latter because he is [often] alone. (M.)

*. i. t ,

it jj \£&* A broad shoulder-blade, the sides

of which are distant, one from another. (M, L.)

JuiCl Jib, (Fr, S, K,) and * JuiU, (K, TA,)

[in the CK ju^ly,] erroneously written by J
. j ~ *■ > *t

~*H>^fif (K,) [but see what follows; like j^Ol

* j •"• *

and J-jy^-i ;] Birds in a state of dispersion. (S,

K.) In the following verse of 'Otarid Ibn-Kurran,
quoted by J,

** . ttO' a f jot' .it .

[As though the people of IJajr, watching when
they should see me going forth, were birds in a
state of dispersion], (K,) thus related also by
Yaakoob, and thus in the handwriting of Az,
(TA,) the last two words should be jjjLeJI ^J»,
the latter with ,j, and governed by the former in
the gen. case, the rhyme being with kesr: (K:)
so says Aboo-Sahl El-Harawce. (TA.)__t^jki
jjitf, (M, K,) and *JjiL3, (K,) or *jjiC, (as
in the T, from Fr, and in the M and L, and in
some copies of the K, [but see above,]) [as also

jojUI, and jjjLj, or jj,>L3,] They went away in
a state of dispersion. (M, L, K.)

jojUj : see Jujbl, in two places.

j>~<> [act. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. The following
words of 'Omar Ibn-Abcc-Rabcc'ah,

arc said to signify Dost thou distribute thy petition

Book 1.]

among mankind one by one, so as to include them
universally ? or dost thou constrain them by thy
petition ? from the saying, jo aU ■iii U [" thou
hast no means," or "way," "of separating thyself
from it," or " avoiding it"]. (M, L.)

ail* J^i> [A united state of affairs] become
disunited [or discomposed or disorganized]. (S, L.)

?jjv"t ilj^l An emaciated woman, [as though]

having one part far from another. (M, L.)

' ' .'* ■ i

jujU; : sec juibl, in two places.

1*

1. ^ b* (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. - , (Mgh, K,)
inf.n.'&, (T, S, M, Msb,) i.q. <y *U*lj (?,
Msb,K;) [i/e &e#an with it;] he made it to
have precedence, or to be first ; gave precedence
to it; syn. <L«ji : (Mgh, Msb:) in the dial, of
the Ansar, a/ ^jjo. is used in this sense of <l»jJ ;
(M j) or <v {$M [without .] ; (IKtt, TA ; [sec
tjlj ;]) [and ^ ^ Jj ; sec art. \jjj ;] and ^ * t jot
signifies the same. (Msb.) [So in the Kurxii. 7<i,
i--il «Uj J-5 ^ t "; g j'.' tj-i .Ana /ie &<v7rt» nn</»
their bags, before the bags of his brother. And
el jo is sometimes used in the sense of ay Ijy ;

whence, in the Kur ix. 13, 5^* Jjl ^^Sajj"** >•*•
And they, it was, fce/jan with you the first time ;
i. c., as Bd says, by acting with hostility, and
fighting.] You say also, *U^ Ijy i/e 6«'/an, or
</<>(! a first time, or </ie first time : then repeated,
or did a second time. (Az,TA in art. i^ft.) And
j-»"^' is* '-*V [ '^ e began, or nuufe a beginning, in
the affair.] (M .) — \ Si also signifies J* (a thing)
began; began to be; originated; or came into
existence. (Msb.) [Sec also b.]t=l^jL*\ \j*,
(S, M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) [He
began the thing; commenced it ; set about it; as
also t itjUyl : accord, to the Mgh, the latter has
this meaning, or, agreeably with the authority of
the M and K, the meaning which here next
follows:] he did the thing first, for the first time,
byway of beginning, or originally; (S, M, K ;)
as also t ilj*l ami * »ljuVl ; (M, K ;) i. e., not
after the example of anything preceding. (TA.
[But this addition seems rather to belong to ano-
ther explanation to be mentioned below.]) One
does not say, 1 juj " IjUyl nor alju, because these
two verbs [signifying as last explained above]
do not have for their objects corporeal things.
(Mgh.) [El-Muuuiaklikhil El-IIudhalcc uses the
phrase 3 - t * »; j^yj^L I •'" begin with them
(meaning bis guests) by sporting and jesting;
like the phrase in the Kur ix. 13 cited above:
but different from these is the saving in the Kur

xxxii. 0, ^>J» O"* C^f J**" '•*.} An & H e
began the creation of man from clay.] The
saying, *»ljJJl *~JI O^ Oi* means oj^.1 ljuyl
- r'- jl [ But if the beast, or bird, of prey has
bejun the seizing of him, or the biting of him] ;
the noun that is prefixed [to the pronoun] being
suppressed. (Mgh.) You say also, ^j) iU} ,jl£»
^»n)| * t| jwl 77w< ro«w m t/te beginning, or ^/irs*,

J* — U*

of the affair. (Msb.) [See also !jy, below.] —
He originated the thing; brought it into being
or existence ; made it, or produced it, for the
first time, it not having been before; (Mgh;)
[and] so 1»\jj\, said [of God, and] of a man, as
the agent; (Msb;) and tiljwl. (Mgh in art.
cj*0 [Hence,] $Sj\ %)\\Si, and V«*tMi God
created, or brought into existence, mankind, or
the created beings : (M, Msb, K :) both signify

the same. (S.) S-*H l*j Jj»W" *C?«**i <- [>"
the Kur xxxiv. 48, means What doth that which
isfabe, or the Devil, originate, or produce in the
first instance ? and wluit doth it, or he, reproduce
after it hath perished ?] : Zj says that U, here, is
in the place of an accus., meaning in each instance

■ is I

5 ) _i ^£\ : or it may be a negative ; and JJ»UI
here is Ibices ; i. e., Ibices createth not, nor
raiseth to life after death. (M.) You say also,
jk-xj U* T (^J^» U, meaning *^bj "iiiUy^JxJ U

» jk5U, (S, K,) i. e. JZe <foe* not say anything for

the first time, nor anything for the second time ;

or anything original, nor anything in the way of

repetition ; >^XJI » iS^U signifying what is said

for the first time ; and ^"^UJl »j2>\ti, what is said

for the second time, afterwards : (TA :) or lie

says not anything : (A in art. y^t :) and he has

no art, artifice, or cunning. (IAar, TA in art.

iyc- ; and A in the present art.)_-j£JI \j*t He

' • *
dug the well [for the first time: see J^J^]-

(Msb.)=r,>jl .II ,>Jl v>» Ijj, (T,) or a-ojt o-,
(K,) 7/c ?*jc/^ forth from a land to a land, or
from his land ; as also " Ij^l. (T, K.) = &J-J,
(inf. n. as above, S, M, K,) He (a man, S, M)
had the small-pox : (AZ, As, T, S, M, K :) or the
i~am- [i. e. measles, or spotted fever] : (S, M, K:)
or, as AZ says, and </te rtj^r. : (T :) or, as Lh
says, there came forth upon him pustules resem-
bling the small-pox : but he adds, some say, the
small-pox itself: (M :) the epithet applied to a
person affected therewith is * ij j^~o. (AZ, As,

Lh, T, S, M.) Also He fell sick. (IAth, TA.)

In a trad, of 'Aisheh occur the words, >^JI ^j
ab\ Jyj <sJ £$J^> i^JJt [meaning In the day in
which the Apostle of God fell sick] : and IAth
says, \j$& Jj«*v ic** meaning When did such a
one fall sick ? is a phrase used in inquiring
respecting the living [who hap been attacked by
illness] and respecting the dead. (TA.)

4. I jul : sec 1, in seven places. — Also He
did a new thing; a thing unknown before; or a
strange, or wonderful, thing. (S,* TA.) _ And
He voided excrement, or ordure ; or broke wind ;
syn. U~> ; [as also ^jyl ;] said of a man. (M.)

__ And He put forth his second teeth ; said of a

* * » i
child ; (M ;) and of a colt. (T A voce j*»-l, q. v.)

5. Ijw He, or it, began, or made a beginning.
(KL.) [See also 1. Golius mentions, but without
giving the authority, and without the vowel-signs,
the saying, Oo juj ^i ^y» <LcuUI oU ; but writing
the last word OojtJ, stating only that it is in the
passive form ; as meaning Relate thou the story,
or history, from the beginning.]

163

8: see 1, in seven places j»ty tljuyt He

made him a promise in anticipation ; without his
asking it of him. (M in art. JUL)

l£l inf. n. of 1 ; (T, S, M, Msb ;) [The act of
beginning;] or the doing a tiling first. (M.) You
say, jjjt M, (M, K,) and t ;Jj', (A?, TA,) and
t SUJt, (S, M, Msb, K,) and ♦ if Jjl, (S, M, K,)
and t ii'JuJl, (L,) and t S;Tjj|, (M, K,) and
tjiTjJt, (S, M,K,) and iiljJI, with » substi-
tuted for ., (M, Mtr,) and * .JUjM, (Mtr, TA,)
and, accord, to IKt{, Si'jJIj but ««c what follows,
(TA,) andtiijjjt, (M,K,) andtjaTjjl, (AZ,
TA,) It is for thee to begin, (S, M, Msb, K,)
before any other, in shooting or casting, &c. :
(S:) as to ajIjJI, mentioned above, accord, to
Mtr [and Fci], (TA,) it is a vulgar word, (Mgh,
Msb, TA,) as IB and several others have stated,
(Msb, TA,*) a corruption of * SiljJI, (Mgh,

Msb,) signifying the first ; as also ▼ Sil Jull ; and
♦ iljjl : (Msb :) but IKtt says that it is a word
of the dial, of the Ansar; l^jiJW Olj* and w-i«*
<V signifying <C*jS : [see 1 :] and he cites the
following verse of Ibn-Rawuhah :

[In the name of God, and with it wo begin ; and
if we worshipped any other than Him, we should
be miserable] : see art. ^jj. (TA. [This verse
is also cited in the S in art. iJy, where, in one
copy I find it as above; in another, with Ujy
instead of U;JJ.]) And you say, tfjuj \)yt *X*i,
(T, S,) and *3 jJ ,J* »^*, (M,) and »>j* ,_,*
ajjvj, and '.uIjjj <Oi^6 ^jj, (S,M,) [He did
it returning and beginning again; or returning
to his beginning ; i. e. he did it again from the
beginning ; fie recommenced it : or you say this]
meaning like as is meant by the saying next fol-
lowing. (TA.) *5jv jjA* Vyfk gtj, (?,K,) and
«j^ ^Lc Ijj*, in both of which [and in the last
following] the verb may be trans., and the noun
following therefore in the accus. case, (TA,) and
aJjoj oiyt. ^ji, and ♦ «*31jj^ <*J>^» ^, [in both
of which, if correct, the verb must be intrans.,]
and tfjJj Ijj*, [as though meaning Cjljj IjjU,
used as a phrase denotative of state,] (K,) [but
in this last, and the two next preceding, accord,
to the TA, the verb should be ajbi*, as in the
next preceding sentence, instead of >»-ji and this
is confirmed by what is said in the K in art. j}*,]
He returned in the way whence he had come:
(S,K:) [accord, to the TA, the litcrnl meaning
of the first and second may be he made his return-
ing to revert to his beginning, and he made a
returning to revert to a beginning :] or the mean-
ing of the first, (Sb, TA in art. )j», and K in
that art.,) and of the second, (K in that art.,) is,
he returned without stopping after he had gone
away: (Sb,K:) and sometimes it signifies the
stopping in one's coming and then returning:
(Sb:) [and it returned to its first state; it re-
commenced:] and you say, ^c uSi}* w-**y
^5j^, meaning I returned like as I had co™*-

21 •

104

(Sb ubi supra.) «_ Also First, or former ; pre-
ceding all others, or preceding another ; as also

* O"^ > •<** JI Bn< l O"**" Dein S Bvn - w > th Jy^t-
(9#¥0 Hence the saying, ;jy jjjlj xUil, and
*;»J-V l£>W, meaning Do <Aou it thefirst'thing,
or the first of everything ; [accord, to different
copies of the S ;] the ^ in ^jb. being quiescent,
in the place of the accus. case, accord, to usage ;
and sometimes they omit the • [altogether], on
account of frequent use [of the phrase], as will
be stated in art. ^jy, (S in the present art.,) say-
,n g J* ^*Wi and (jj* ifjft. (S in art. jj^.)
You say also, \'.j* aiiit, and jjy Jjl, (Th, M,
K,) and £i ;^i, (CK,) and *£ lj*. (M,K,)
and £* *£>£ (A'Obcyd, T, S, M, K,) and
\M C$>*1> (K,) and «v JjiW, (M, K, [in the CK
<**<Ji^t,]) and I,* ^i(/, (M,) and lj£ *£^,
(K,) and lj^ ^W, (M, K,) and *^jy t&aW,
(A'Obeyd,T,S,M,CK,) and ,<jjj t £,£ w hich
is anomalous, (M,) or Jfj^ jjpV, (K,) and ,^>lj
£.*, (Fr, A*Obcyd,T,S,M,) and t^jj t^ (
(S, CK,) or ♦ A* £>$, (K, TA,) and ^^
" S1«v» (M,K, TA,) die former word being the
act. part. n. of ^j^, which is of the dial, of the
Ansar, as mentioned above, and the latter being
imlccl., with fet-h for its termination, (TA, [in
the CK the latter word is written SiJ*,]) and
•^▼'♦^(CK,) and ti'j; jjj^ (M,K,) and
♦ \ij* f »&, (§,) and ;li * i^, (S, CK,) and
■X (Ji **• (Fr,T,) and ;* ^i t i\X/, (Fr, T,
S,K,) and *»lj^ ^i »lj^, and *j^J^ (Ji *ilj^,
(S, K,) and f*\£ ^i *JliJ, (K,TA,) notj.lj^
[as in the CK], (TA,)'and *.^ jji &**(&
K, TA, [in the CK the last word is written »J^,])
and 1}^$J-( \Ji t ?*Ijv, (K,) meaning Do thou
it the first thing; (Fr, T, K ;) so in a correct
copy [of the K, and so I find in a MS. copy of
ihe K nnd in the CK] : accord, to another copy,
the first of everj/thing : (TA :) or the first of
first; (S;) thus in the L: (TA:) the words
here put in the siccus, case [literally or virtually]
arc so put [in some instances] as adverbial nouns;
or, accord, to MF, they may be [in some instances]
denotatives of state, with respect to the agent ;
the meaning being lob JUy=> ajU. aX*j\, i. e.
<•-> ttju~o [lit. do thou it in the state of thy being
beginning it]. (TA.) [In like manner,] you also
fay, (^>'!/JI iJ*t, and [more commonly] ^j\j}\ \£al^,

At first thought; or on the first opinion: (Lb,

la »' ta . i

M [l^It" ; -V and] ^l/l '^jb. signifying </jc

^wr, and beginning, of the idea, thought, opinion,
or judgment ; or n>/ta< m perceived before con-
sidering well or thoroughly: (M:) [and !jy alone
signifying a first idea, thought, opinion, or judg-
ment ; as is implied in the A, voce jyt-e, q. v. :]
hence, yj\ji\ * &>(( ^ <&•* [He did it at first
thought, Ilc] : (M :) and jyp ^ijjl t^^ ^j|
UJJj, and ^yi ▼ Ij^ili, i. e. 7V»ou at first
thought, Ilc, desirest to rerong us : and one says
also, (jr'jJ' (_$.>V. without »; meaning on theocca-

*J4

sion of rvliat appeared of opinion ; i. e. af tlte
first of what appeared thereof; [or at the first
opinion's presenting itself;] in which case, the
phrase does not belong to this art. [but to art.
jjy] : it occurs in the ]£ur xi. 29 : (M :) AA
alone there read &}L{, with »; all the other
readers pronounced it without ». (TA.)__Also
A chief, or lord, (S, M, Msb, £,) who occupies
the first place in chieftainship or lordship : (S :)
or, as some say, a youth, or young man, whose
judgment, or opinion, is deemed good, and who
is consulted : (M :) or it signifies also an intelli-
gent youth or young man : (K :) pi. !)Jj. (M.)
A poet (namely, Ows Ibn-Maghra Es-Saadee,
TA) says,

[ Our second chief, if he came to them, would
be their first chief; and tlieir first chief, if he
came to us, would be a second chief]. (S.)__
Also, and * «!->->, A share, or portion, of a
slaughtered camel : (S, K :) or the best share
or portion thereof: (T :) or the former word has
the latter signification ; and the latter word, the
former signification : and the former signifies also
a bone with the meat, or flesh, that is on it: (M :)
and a joint ; syn. J-aiu ; (AA, T, M ;) and so
Ijy q. v. : (AA, T :)' the pi. [of pane] of !jy
is!uIl(S,M,K:) anj [ f mult.] lj^; (S, K ;)
the former of which is the more common : (TA:)
or this is pi. of lj^. (AA,T.) The shares above-
mentioned [as commonly divided for the game
called j,...j-JI q. v.] are ten ; namely, the two
haunches, the two thighs properly so called, the
two thighs commonly so called (i. e. the tibiae),
the two shoulders, and the two arms; which
last are the worst, because of the many veins
[therein]. (TA.)^ See also l ^J^.

m" •*' <

i ju : see . j^ ; second sentence.

£jjy : see ^j^ i^W, or &Js> ij&, voce 2j^.

* p * ' * ' '

■f •» _ •*

31 ju : see JjU) > n thirteen places Also Tim

beginning, or outward course, of a military expedi-
tion ; opposed to 5ju>-j, meaning the returning,
or homeward course, thereof: occurring in a
trad., in which it is said that the Prophet gave,
in tlio case of the former, a fourth [of the spoil],
and in the case of the latter, a third ; i. e., when
a troop went forth from the main body of the
army and attacked a party of the enemy, they
were to have a fourth of the spoil that they took,
and the rest of the army was to share with them
the remaining three fourths; and if a troop did so
in returning, they were to have a third of all
the spoil that they took, because of the greater
difficulty and danger attending this case. (T,
Mgh.) — UlJ^ ,J iUi r,\±>, and * Uj'lJJ, and
♦ U3I J^, (K,) and 1 13^, (Lh, M, TA,) and

t U3.U/, and * LiJiTJ^, (TA,) and * UJlJ^,
(Lh, M, K,) but [ISd says,] I know not how
that is, (M,) and * L5 jli, and * UJjJLi, (K,)
and "Uiljw««, (Lh, M, and so in some copies

* ' " * "

of the K,) or LJIj^-o, (so in other copies of the
K,) thus in the jJbb of Ibn-'Odeys [in the CK

[Book I.

Ibn-'Adebhes], (K,) which is said to indicate that
we should hesitate respecting them [before admit-
ting them to be of classical authority], arc phrases
meaning That was in the first of our state, and
in our adolescence. (TA.)= Also, (so in a copy
of the M, there written Sl«xy,) or *ilj^, with
damm, (K,) A certain plant ; (M ;) a black
thing, resembling a truffle (•«£>;, of which no
use is made: so says AHn. (M.)

51 ja : see !ju ; second sentence : and see SI j^,
in two places.

olju :

sec ;ju

•i t.

sec 51 ja.

second sentence

and sec i\jo.

A ju, with medd ; [Excrement from the anus ;
as also tjkj;] a subst. from tj^il, as meaning U»i.
(M.)

*^J^: sec .j^, as signifying First, or former;

in eight places Also, applied to a thing, or

an affair, I. q. %jjo, (S, and so in a copy of the

K,) or c jl~o : (so in other copies of the K :)

[thus it signifies] Originated; brought into being
or existence; made, or produced, for the first
time, not having been before, or not after the
similitude of any former thing : (TA :) and
created: (M, K :) and wonderful: (M, Msb,
TA :) and strange, or extraordinary, as not
being after the similitude of any former thing.
(TA.) — [Hence, as is implied in the Mgh,]
jjjjj ji^ A well newly dug; (T, Mgh, Msb ;)
i. q. «jj^ ; (M ;) or dug since the era of El-
Islam; (S, K;) not ancient; (S, Mgh, Msb;)
as also t l jo : (S :) the former epithet [in this
sense] is generally pronounced [^£ j^\ without • r
(T :) the well thus called is one dug in a waste
land that has no owner : (TA :) AO says, (TA,)
this epithet, and *j«V, are applied to a well when
thou hast dug it; hut if thou findest it to havo
been dug before thee, it is termed &•**.; and
thus the well of Zcmzcm is termed 5-i»-, because
it was Isma'ccl's, and was filled up or covered
over [after his time] : (T, TA :) the term ^,-eJlS is
[s:iid to be] applied to an ancient well of which
neither the owner nor the digger is known :
(TA :) it is said in a trad., that the ^ij»- of a
well such as is termed t^jj*/ [i. e. the space sur-
rounding it and belonging to it] is fivc-and-twenty

cubits : (T, S: [but scc^j*. :]) the pi. is Jjj^ :

(M:) and AO says that o'^ ls P'- of *\JJ-i
applied to a well, and is syn. with ^jCii [a pi.
of ^ - JLS which I have not found elsewhere] and
V.l£»j, being formed by transposition of letters
from oyjv [which is for o'J^ as icj^ is for
'l£«V ; 'ho t and j_£ being transposed, the word
becomes ^jl jl~», and this, by a rule of permuta-
tion, becomes £)\iyi]- (TA.)

ii \ j-i : sec Iju, in three places : and see ol jo :
and £->J->, in two places.

s:by:

•i<«

see Ijj, in two places : and see «l jJ :
and for the former, see also & ju.

Book 1.]

a£j^ : see loj ; second sentence. — Also, (M,
£,) and t iiUy', (£,) or * \i\ .*, (M,) t. o. 1^.^,
($,) and ail.*, (TA,) or 2*1 j* i. e. The ./Swt
occurrence of a thing, <Aa£ happens to one unex-
pectedly: (M:) [or the first of anything : and
an occurrence thereof by which one is taken un-
awares : accord, to explanations in the K in art.
•JY :] pi. of the first, lit.*. (TA.) — [And all
app. signify The faculty of extemporizing ; like
Xr> -V (q- v.) kc] Yousay, »j^ *»I1^ ji 0^*>
i. e. 2iL»» \i*>J, [meaning] Suck a one has a
good faculty of extemporizing; or of uttering,
or relating, things by means of tlie promptness
of his intelligence. (TA.)

i,\ j*/ : see Jj^ ; second sentence.

^iV [act. part n. of 1]: see !j*, in nine
places.

AJjly : see 1, in two places.

tj \ [originally noun of place and of time
from 1 ; A place, and a time, of beginning,
&c. _] See 51 J+ — [Also A principle, or first
rule, of a science &c. : pi. £?>W*. — And The
primary import of a word ; opposed in this sense
to&fc.]

\,t, Hi.

\j~* : see 51 j^.

^_f ' jfl, applied to God, The Creator, or
Originator, of the things [that exist], who hath
produced them at the beginning, not after the
similitude of anything pre-existing. (Nh.) And
j>eOl tfgj'I", so applied, Jfe who createth man-
kind, and who returneth them after life to death
in the present world and after death to life on
the day of resurrection. (TA in art. jj*.)__
j^J t £$jl* A man who has gone on warring, or
warring and plundering, expeditions, time after
time, and is experienced in affairs: (A'Obeyd,
and £ in art j$* :) and a horse upon which the
owner kas gone time after time, on warring, or
warring and plundering, exj>editions ; (TA in
that art ;) or well trained ami exercised, (KL and
TA in that art,) so as to be obedient to kis rider.

(TA in that art.) [For other significations of

t2$ju4, see its verb (4); and see ji».l.]

•f**' If**

51 j~+ : see »l j^.

?j ju* [pass, part n. of 1 ; Begun, kc. =]
See^j*.

1 jj| ♦ : see ! Js>- — [In grammar, as correlative
ofj^, An inchoative.]

1. J j*, aor. '- , inf. n. jjkj, J< (the moon) oecame
full. (Msb.) — J He (a boy) became full-grown
and round; implying comparison to the full moon.
(TA.) __ +/< (fruit) attained to maturity. (TA,
from a trad.) [See also 4.]_-J* rose like the
full moon. (£r Raghib.) = See also 3, in six

places. — y*f ji'v **■* °j-V : an(1 J?l* °J>^
J^JI : see Sply. — jVjfl ^>j«*i # A « ( a camel)
brought forth at an earlier period of the year

f/utn the other camels. (TA.) [See «L» jju, voce
ft •« j j»* j • # * _ .. , i

■ Cj jl^.] j j^l Cfj* J ./ w«n< /or* A <o »w*«

water. (A.)

3. ijiW» mf. n. 5jjC» and jtj^ ; and * »jj>il ;
Zfe hastened, or »iaa*e Aajte, or itrore to be first
or beforehand, in doing [or attaining or oofatnt'n^]
tt; (M,£, TA, TK;) namely, a thing: (M:)
and 4)1 «j^ * J i, (M, K,) aor. i ; and *,JI ipl/ ;
(M ;) He hastened with another, or ried or strove
with him in hastening, to it [or to do or attain or
o&tamtr] : syn. iii-U, (M,K, TA,) anO aJI ojj.
(TA.) jil^ [as well as t jj^ and T >*i1] denotes
mutual effort only when it is immediately trans. :
when it is trans, by means of^jll [or w> (the
former in the TA written by mistake yj*)], there
is nothing to show that it denotes this. (MF.)
[But it is often immediately trans, without its
denoting such effort] One says, «pl^ He hastened
to do it [kc, as explained above]; meaning, a
thing that he desired, or wished for: (TA :) [and
x> ji^ signifies the same ; or he hastened with it:
and the former signifies also he betook himself
early to him or it :] and 4)j jjl/ he hastened to
it; (S, A;) as also «gi *Jj^ (S, Mgh, Msb,)
aor. '-, (S,) inf.n. jjJ*: (S, Msb:) or, accord,
to Zj, agreeably with its derivation, [see jj^,] he
employed the fulness of his power, or force, to
hasten [to it]: (TA:) and 'y>*$\ *»>V, and *j.v
4>l , (aor. *■ , inf. n. ]Xt, TA, [or J3 ^, as above,])
the thing, or event, came to him, or happened to him,
hastily, quickly, or speedily; and, beforehand [or
before lie expected it] ; syn. Jj^-e, (M,K,) and Ji~-,
(M,) or J«£lt : (£:) [and J£» *I* *J.iy, and J«»,
a saying, and an action, proceeded from him
hastily, without premeditation : see SjiV-] It ' 8
said in a trad., Uy» JU*"5)W IjyiW [Strive ye to
be before decrepitude with good works; i. e., to
perform them before decrepitude]. (El-Jami' es-

Sagheer.) And in another, .P^W f-^ " bjiV
[Strive ye to be before daybreak with the prayers
termed j3$ ; i. e., to perform them before day-
break]. (Idem.) And in another, S"%cu IjjiW
^,». :,ll c_>U> J-5 w^ijl [Hasten ye with, or to
perform, the prayer of sunset before the rising of
the star]. (Idem.) You say also, ^ j^U* ,J^i
jg^\ JU J£»l [Such a one liastens in consuming
the property of the orphan before the latter is of
full age]. (A.) And^^yt ^» jiW [He hastened
to be before the orphan's attaining to full age in
expending his property] ; said of a guardian ; t. q.
j^4\ JU .«* *>M: (SO and *"»i O* b<Jsi

l^^4', in the £ur [iv. 5], means hastening to be
before their attaining to full age in expending
their property. (Bd, # Jel.) And «bli)l »pW and
djUJI jJl [JEfe *tro»e wt<A him in hastening, or
«frow to get before him, to the goal]. (A.) And
3J±i\ *jj^l and i^UJI ^1 [He strove in has-
tening, or strove to get first, to the goal]. (Ham
p. 46.) And j*\ ^Jl Uwy j*r**l J>V» and
&* ▼ Uj«**Vl> and * J »iJ>^>> They vied, or strove,

1G5

one wirn another, in hastening to a thing, or an
affair, trying which of tliem would be first. (T.)
4. jj^l He had the full moon rising to him, (S,
M, K,) or upon him : (A :) a verb similar to
j^\ and J^il: (A:) or he journeyed during a
night of full moon. (T, £.) is It (an unripe
date) became red. (TA.) [See also \.]wmj*$
^IJU^i: see 3.

6. Ijjitj 3V«ey hastened together ; vied, or
strove, one with another, in hastening; mode
haste to be, or get, before one another; strorc,
one with another, to be first, or beforehand. (8,
TA.) You say, ^^1)1 .**.» ^1 I^U, (TA,)
and «1:M» t tjjJw', (S, TA,) TAey Aojirenerf to-
gether, &c, <o take the weapons. (S.) And
cUl IjjjU [Tkey hastened together; or vied, or
«<ro»e, one wtrA another, in hastening ; to attain
power, or emtnenre, or nobility] ; as also * •jj a M r t<
(A.) And jjll l^j^U: see 3, last sentence.—
Lu jiCi U IJdk t [TVtw meaning t* what appears
from it (namely, the phrase, or sentence,) at
first sight]. (A phrase of frequent occurrence ■ in
the TA &c.)

8: see 3, in four places; and see 6, in two

places \J& oj ji/1 My eyes flowed with

tears. (TA, from a trad.)

Q. Q. 1. jjuj He heaped up wheat. (K.)

*jXi, (S, A, Msb, K, kc.,) originally an inf. 11.,
(Msb,) The full moon; (M, A, Msb, $ ;) as
also*pW; (L, K;) the nwon in its fourteenth
night : (S :) or the latter signifies [simply] the
moon: (IAar, T:) the moon in its fourteenth
night is called jj^ because it hastens to rise
before the sun sets ; (S, M ;) and to set before
the sun rises : (TA :) or because of its fulness ;
(S, TA;) as being likened to aJ,j*: or, as Er-
Rughib thinks to be most probable, it is itself a
primitive word: (TA:) pi. jjj*. (M, A.) Hence,
jjLjl &J [The night of the full moon; which is]
the fourteenth night [of the lunar month]. (S.)
_ J A lord, master, or chief, ( M, K,) of a people :
so called as being likened to the full moon. (M.)
Applied to a boy, (Zj, M, K,) J Full of youth-
ful vigour and of flesh : (Zj :) or full, or plump :
(M :) or t. q. • oil* [precocious]. (T, $.) [In
this sense, an epithet; and so its fern, ijj^ (q. v.),
applied to an eye.] — \ A cover ; or a dish or
plate; syn. ^J» : (Ibn-Wahb, K:) because re-
sembling the full moon, being round: so Az
thinks. (TA.) Sec also J,j^, in two places.

ejj^, applied to an eye (cx*)i Quick-sighted;
or <Aa* sees before others : (As, T, S, (, TA :) or
that sees before [the eyes of] other horses; applied
to a horse's eye : (IAar, T, M :) or sharp-sighted:
or round and large : (M :) or full like the full
moon : (S, K :) but the correct meaning is [said
to be] that [mentioned above as] given by IAar :
(M :) or, accord, to IAar, full ; not defective.
(T.) = Also, (S,M,$,) and t*J^, ($,) The
sAt'n of a lamb or kid (S, M, £) wken it has been
weaned, (AZ, S, M,) used for mUk : for [when it
is killed] while it continues sucking, its skin, if
used for milk, is called »>&; and for clarified

ltJH

butter, 4& : when it has been weaned, its akin for
milk ia called ijju ; and for clarified butter, iL-» :
and when it ia in its aecond year, its akin for milk
is called «^-i»j ; and for clarified butter, r- ■•

(AZ, § :) pi. (of the former, M) jju and jjju :
(M, $ :) the former said by El-Farisee to be the
only instance of the kind except ■■~* pi. of
», and *-oj pi. of aji^v [or this may be pi. of

d

( M. [But the assertion of El-Farisee is
incorrect (see ht^ s* ), unless it be meant to apply
only to sound words ; and in this case, at least
one addition should be made, namely «-*i pi. of
4*«aJ.]) _ Hence, (M,) the former word, (S,
M, A, K, kc.,) and *the latter also, (K,) The
sum of ten thousand dirkems : (S, A:) or a purse
containing a thousand, (T, M, K,) or ten thou-
sand, dirhems, (T, M, # A, K,) or seven thousand
deendrs : (K :) pi. j^jy, (TA,) and pi. of pauc.

l£)ju)l \.i. :„ , I We strove to outrun one another,
vying, one with another, in haste. (M, K.)

»j;j-V Itain fAa/ m be/ore (J-*), or a /t'Mfe
be/ore (J~>»), or in the first, part of (J-i),
winter. (K, accord, to different copies: the second
reading is that followed in the TA.)-__4Ujjy A
shr-camrl whose mother has brought her forth at
on earlier period of the year than that when the
others brought forth, and therefore more abundant
in milk than others, and of a more generous
quality. (M.)__And the former, A fat young
camel weaned from its mother. (K.)

i ..
(Jjtjy A lamb brought forth a little before

winter. (TA.)

• »-
Bee jjy.

jjkrf a word of the dial, of El-'Iruk, (A 'Cueyd
in art. juj in the TA,) A place in which ivneut.
(S, Mgh, K,) or grain, (Msb,) is trodden out. (S,
Mgh, Msb, K.) _ It may also mean, tropically,
t The wheat and straw therein : (Mgh .) or
rather, ns Az says, on the authority of IAar, it
signifies [also] (Mgh) reaped grain collected to-
gether ; or wheat collected together in the place in
which it is trodden out; syn. ,^-j^, (M, Mgh,
K,) and <Uui : (Mgh :) Kr restricts it to wheat.
(M.)__ Accord, to the Towsheeh, it is [.A place]
for [drying] dates. (TA in art. ^Jj**-.)

ij}\j Hastiness of temper; passionateness : (S :)
or a hasty saying, or action, that suddenly pro-

reeds (jJ~i, in the CK )J~i,)from one in anger:
(M, A, # Mgh,* Msb,» K :) and a slip; a mistake ;
an error ; (S, Mjb ;) on an occasion of one's
being angry : (S :) or a bad, an abominable, or a
foul, word or saying : and a quick fit of anger :
(IAar,T:) pJ. £»£. (S, A.) You say, ,-ii.i
*jj>W «*M* I fiar for thee his hastiness of
temper, or passionateness: (S:) or what may
hastily proceed from him in his anger. (A.)
And v-oc 3 *\yt aU ' OjJlj Slips, mistakes, or
errors, on an occasion of his being angry, hastily
proceeded from him. (S.) And "jli\ ij>^' signifies
What hastily, or suddenly, befalls one, of evil, or

jju — £JU

mischief. (M.)__jl» intuitive knowledge, notion,
or idea; or a faculty of judging rightly at the
first of an unexpected occurrence; or a faculty
of extemporizing ; syn. i^jj^. (S,K.) You say,
Spyl ^^—^ ^"ill Such a one has a good intuitive

knowledge, &c. (TA.) The point of a sword.

(M, K.) _ The extremity of an arrow, next the
head. (A.) — The head of a plant; (M;) the
first part thereof from which the earth cleaves
asunder. (M, £.*) — The first that appears of
the [plant called] .U-. (M.)__The leaves of

the [herb called] «;£.. (K.) The best, and

freshest in growth, of the [plant called] ^-Jj.
(M, K.»)_Also, (M, K,) or >>(#, (S, A,)
which is the pi., (K,) of a man &c., (S, M,) The
portion of flesh, (S, M,K,) or the portions thereof,
(A,) between the shoulder-joint and the neck, (S,
M, K,) or between the necks and the shoulder-
joints : (A :) or the former, (K,) or its dual,
(M,) of a man, the two portions of flesh that arc
above the Ob^j and below the ijjlS : (M, K :)
or the dual, [relating to a camel, signifies] the
two sides of the ij£s>j£o [or callous lump on the
breast] : or two veins on either side thereof. (M.)
—— (Je^-Jt )>\yi 'Ojj^ The first, or fore parts,

(Jj'jt,) of the horses appeared [or suddenly came
in view]. (Msb.)

SjJu* »jj^ [A. sum such as is termed Sjj*t aggre-
gated, made up, or completed] : the latter word is
a corroborative ; like the latter in S^kliU j*bti,

(Ksh and Bd in iii. 12,) and in <U)£* will. (Ksh
ib>d."i

))Ke* applied to a boy : see jj^.

1 J ' " J • 1 ' "

1. *t ju : see 4, in two places. =r cju, aor. d ,

S'i" • " ^ -

inf. n. Atlji^ and c 5 jo, 7/e became superlative in

his kind; or t'< became so in its kind; (Ks,K;)
in good or in evil. (Ks.)= cj^, aor. -, He
was, or became, fat. (As, K.)

2. 4cj^-, (S, K,) inf. n. £>JlJ, (K,) JJe attri-
buted to him, imputed to him, charged him with,

or accused him of, innovation, or what is termed

_' • - • j —

Aft^v; expl. by **jlJI ^1 x^ [which means

A*ju)l <0'l ^13]. (S,K.)

4. 4£j^t -He originated it ; invented it ; devised
it ; excogitated it ; innovated it ; made it, did it,
produced it, caused it to be or exist, or brought it
into existence, newly, for the first time, it not
having been or existed before, and not after the
similitude of anything pre-existing; syn. aCj^.1
jd. ji^ <), (S,) and '*^jLsL\, and i3ji.'l'

(Msb,) and »l Js»f ; (K,TA; but in both without
the pronoun ;) as also * <tt «wl ; (Msb ;) syn.
ilj£l, and *3.ilt, (Mgh,) and #U?I, (K,) and
iloj; (TA;) and so t ^J^, aor. -', (?:, TA,)
inf. n. e j^ ; (TA ;) but e jut is more commonly
used than c jy. (TA.) You say, JJUJI M c Jul
GW created the creation, not after any simili-

[Booxl.

*u<fe. (Msb.) And in the Kur [lvii. 27], we find,

. » » *.m* --it »*0t

" U^cj^t i^iU^j, ^4n<i monkery which they origi-
nated, or innovated. (TA.) And you say, f cj^
ajfejll, (IDrd,5,) inf. n. ^X>, (IDrd.) /Te jwo-
duced, or fetched out, by his labour in digging,
the water of the well; (IDrd, R ;) and originated
it ; or made it to be for the first time, it not
having been before. (IDrd.) And J~-ji\ »JjI
The man introduced an innovation, or what is
termed a 3a jj ; [the object being understood ;] as
also t £j^t. (TA.) And j*tijl e jul The poet
produced a new saying, or new poetry, not after
the similitude of anything preceding. (§, # K,*
TA.)_iU.lj)l c*M (S,£,) or vli»>, (Ks,
Mgh,) The ridden camel, or travelling camel,
became fatigued, or jaded, and broke down, or
perished; (Ks, S, Mgh, £ ;) aj» though doing a
new thing : (Ks, Mgh :) or the former phrase,
(K,) followed by <u, (TA,) she limped [with him],
halted, or was slightly lame: (K, TA :) or she
lay down upon Iter breast in the road, by reason
of emaciation or disease : or she ceased from going
on, by reason of fatigue, or of limping, or halting,
or slight lameness; as though site did a new and
unaccustomed thing: (TA:) or c I Jul is not with-
out limping, or halting, or slight lameness, (K,
TA,) accord, to certain of the Arabs of the desert;
but, says AO, this is not at variance with the

explanations given. (TA.) And J^yJV P JV' The

man's camel which he rode became fatigued, or

• j * si
jaded : (S :) or O^ £•**' ( M gh, K) such a

one's camel which he rode ceased from going on,

by reason of fatigue or lameness: (Mgh:) or

broke' down, or perished, (K, TA,) or became

Jatigued, or jaded, (TA,) and he became unable

to prosecute, his journey ; (K, TA ;) and his beast

became so fatigued that it was left to remain

where it was; or stood still with him. (TA.)

- » 1
[See also <u ju&l.] It is said in a proverb,- t^t
, " ■* ft

JXj cjut JJ»UI C~JJg [When thou seekesl what is
vain, or false, thou wilt be prevented from attain-
ing thine object]. (TA.) — o*& 0"i*' £J$
I Such a one prevented such a one from attaining
his wish, (<v fJ»*>) and abstained from aiding, or
assisting, him, and did not undertake the accom-
plishment of his want, (Lh, K, TA,) and was not
[at hand] when he thought he would be. (TA.)

— i C jfc— c-ftjul J His argument, or plea, or the
like, was, or became, vain, or false, or ineffectual:
( Aboo-Sa'eed, K :) or 7i>a«, or became, weak. (A,

TA.) And * . : ■.». C*£jyl t His argument, or

plea, ice, was rendered vain, or ineffectual.

(Aboo-Sa'eed, K,» TA.) iLiij i$j&~! '»* '* -M
• '■"--* . .. ''-C

^Juoy *j^;| _) t [i/V* kindness has crippled my

power of thanking, and his bounty, and the obli-
gation which he has imposed, my power of descrip-
tion] : so in the L ; but in the O and K, <jLo£
[his intention] is put in the place of aJLoi ; and in
the K, <oU^;tj is omitted : (TA :) said when one
thanks another for his beneficence, acknowledging
that his thanks arc inadequate to his beneficence.

(K-) oa^aJl' P«v'> an ^ j*— 'W, -He determined,

Book I.]

resolved, or decided, upon pilgrimage, and upon
journeying. (TA.) — tU* £J*I He rendered
an oath binding, or obligatory. (IAar.)s»tj*,*l
<u TVtey tea? him, or *<rurA Aim. (TA.)

5. cjlj J/e turned innovator. (0,K.) Ru-beh
says,

[J/ </io« ie, towards God, the pious, the very
obedient, it is not the right may that thou shouldst
turn innovator], (TA.)
8 : see 4, in three places.

10. m j" ■' He reckoned it *iju [i. e. ttetv,
wonderful, unknown before]. (S, K.)

t *_>jJ. a. v., and t pj^~»; (S ;)

• «

[but generally used as an epithet in which the
quality of a subst. is predominant; signifying]
A novelty ; or thing existing for the first time :
(]£ :) and t. q. * iiJ* and * £•*-<•» a first doer;
as though meaning one who has none among his
fellows to share, or participate, with him in a
thing, or an affair: (Msb:) pi. cUA (Akh,

8.) You say, ^1 I j* ^ *J4 O^*. (?» M t b »)
i. e. * i^JkJ, (S,) meaning jSW» a one « the first
doer in this affair ; the first who has done it.
(Msb.) And hence the saying in the Kur [xlvi. 8],
^$1 Of &J cJ& U ji (?,Msb,TA) Say
thou, I am not the first who has been sent of
the apostles: (Msb, TA:) or the meaning is, I
am not an innovator among the apostles; inviting
you to that to which they do not invite you ; or
able to do that which they were not able to do :
and accord, to one reading, it is t Ujj ; as being
[a sing, epithet] like ^-, or for t±> 1i [> n

which the latter word is pi. of ift^]. (Bd.) —
Applied to a mnn, (TA,) Superlative (Ks, K)
in his hind (Ks) in anything ; (K ;) in good and
in evil ; (Ks ;) or in knowledge, or courage, or
nobility : (K :) fern, with » : pi. of the masc.
llj^l [a pi. of pauc, which is also, as is said
in the L, applied to women,] and cj^ [a pi.
of .mult.] ; and pi. of the fern. cju. (K.) — A

man liberal in disposition; syn. j+z. (IAar,
K.)__ A full body. (K.)

ljw>: see c ju. _ It is also pi. ofitj^, [both
as a subst. and] as em. of cjl/. (K.)

Ipju An innovation ; a novelty; anything ori-
ginated, invented, or innovated; anything made,
done, produced, caused to be or exist, or brought
into existence, newly, for the first time, it. not
having been or existed before, and not after the
similitude of anything pre-existing: (ISk:) a
dissentient state or condition : (Msb :) a subst.

from p'J^Jb like *"f| from £**?jj> ( M g h > M ? b >)
and iiL. from J^A-I : (Mgh :) subsequently
and generally ppplied to an addition, or an im-
pairment, in religion: (Mgh, Msb:) or a novelty,
or an innovation, in religion, after the comple-
tion [thereof] : (S, K :) or an opinion declining,

or swerving, from the right way, and an avtion,
innovated after [the time of] the Prophet: (Lth,
K :) or an action at variance with the Sunneh :
(KT:) [generally a heretical innovation; or o
new heresy: but] there is afej^ not disapproved,
termed i»-L* i*j^ [an allowed, or allowable,
innovation] ; which is that whereof the goodness
is attested by some principle in the law, or which
is required to prevent some cause of evil ; such
as the Khaleefeh's seclusion of himself from the
promiscuous classes of the people : (Msb:) there
are two kinds of »jy; namely ^jjJk **J4 [an
innovation of aright kind], and J%o Izj* [an
innovation of an erroneous kind]. (IAth.)

«jj^ i. q. f. J*, which see in three places, (S,
Msb,) and ♦ zX~»i [i.e. Originated; invented;
innovated; made, done, produced, caused to be
or exist, or Drought into existence, newly, for the
first time, not having been or existed before, and
not after the similitude of anything pre-existing;]
(S, Msb,K;) new; wonderful; unknown before.
(TA.) You say, juj* ^ oi*. Thou hast done
a new thing; a wonderful thing ; a thing unknown
before: and * c>^ j+\ signifies the same as j+\
£ij^. (TA.) And £i±J\ it, (?,) or JR
%i jJ\i, (K,) said of a poet, (S, K,) He produced
a new saying, or new poetry, not after the simili-
tude of anything preceding. (TA.) And J*»-
fuSi A new rope : (AHn :) or a rope begun to
be twisted, not being yet a rope, but undone, then
spun, then twisted again. (K.) And £j.aj >»Uj
A new nose-rein of a camel. (TA.) And i^j
»jj^ A newly-dug well. (TA.) [See also t^J*.]

And «j Jj alone, A skin for wine $c. : (8 :) or
o new shin for wine fyc. : (? :) and a new shin
for water or milk : an epithet in which the
quality of a subst. is predominant. (TA.) Hence

the trad., JJU. ijjl *^~ jlill £!<*^» **^ 0\
't'jaJ, [ Verily Tihdmch is like the skin, or new skin,
of honey: the first part thereof is sweet: the last
part thereof is sweet]: (S,K*:) because honey does
not change in flavour, whereas milk does change.

(S.) Fat; as an epithet: (As, It:) pi. PJ*.

(K.)=sAlso i. q. "cJ^~o [An originator, in-
ventor, or innovator; one who makes, does, pro-
duces, causes to be or exist, or brings into existence,
newly, for the first time, and not after the simili-
tude of anything pre-existing] : (S, ]£ :) of the
measure J*** in the sense of the measure J*U,
like j±jA in the sense ofjjli; from cj*. (TA.)

[See also cj->.] You tnj,tjifyb Ol^-JI ^»^ *u)
God is the Creator of the heavens and the earth,
not after tlie similitude of anything pre-existing.
(Aboo-Is-hak,S.*) And hence £*JkJI is a name
of God, meaning The Originator of the creation,
according to his own will, not after the similitude
of anything pre-existing. (TA.)

[i*j»V A new, and an admirable, or a won-
derful, thing; and especially such in speech, or
language, in poetry, and in answering, or replying:
pi. %j\^ : see an ex. voce iyiJ^i-]

p>W : see gjy.

* :*• (

see cj^ and gjy,
places.

J*

167

each in two

1. JjkJ, inf. n. JljkJ : see 2, in three places.

2. Jj jJj properly signifies [The changing, or
altering, a thing ; or] the changing, or altering,
the form, or fashion, or semblance, or the quality,
or condition, [of a thing,] to another form, &c,
while the substance remains the same ; (Th, T,
TA ;) or the changing a thing f"om its state, or
condition ; (Ibn-' Arafeh, TA ;) or the changing
a thing without substitution : (S :) but the Arabs
have used it also in the sense of * JWJ, (Mbr,
T, TA,) which signifies [the changing a thing by
substitution; exchanging it; replacing it with
another thing ; or] the removing, or displacing,
the substance [of a thing], and introducing anew
another substance. (Th,T,TA.) You say, <CJ j^,
inf. n. J* jkJ, (M,» Msb,l£,) meaning I changed
it, or altered it; (M,]£;) or J changed, or
altered, the form, or fashion, or semblance, or
the quality, or condition, of it; (Msb;) as in
the phrase, aiJuJU^UJI cJ j* [I changed, or
altered, the signet-ring into tlie simple ring], said
when one has melted the former and made of
it a simple ring ; (Fr, T, TA ;) and &T jSi
.- /■' r- oU^llI [God changed the evil deeds into
good deeds] ; the verb being doubly trans, by
itself because it has the meaning of Jji*. and
'jje. (Msb. [But see what follows.]) t III j^l
I ji^, [in the S, t^f t^i\ <&X*7» without ex-
planation,] inf. n. Jlj*l, [I changed it by sub-
stituting for it such a thing, or exchanged it for
such a thing, or replaced it with such a thing,]
is said when one has removed the first, and put
the second in its place ; (Msb ;) as in the phrase,

'f * '£. ' * f "•* »» • it • •

i«i»J^ ^oJUJI cJj^l [I changed the signet-ring
by substituting for it the simple ring; exchanged
the signet-ring for the simple ring; or replaced
the signet-ring with the simple ring] ; said when
one removes the one, and puts the other in its
place : (Fr, T, TA :) and this verb is also made
doubly trans, by itself, like C-J j->, (Mjb,) which
is used in the sense of CJ «vl [as shown above] ;
(Mbr, T, TA ;) for instance, where it is said, [in

the Kur lxvi. 5,] *Jjw o 1 O**^ 0\ *0 t5~*
~Jl* (j-m. U-ljjl [May-be, his Lord, if he divorce
you, will give him in exchange wives better than
you] ; accord to one reading, *)-w. (Msb.) An
ex. of tlie latter of these two verbs in the sense
of the former is the saying in the JjLur [xxv. 70],
OU-* jk?^"» <"&' J-"^ [God will change their
evil deeds by substituting for them good deeds] ;
i. e. will cancel the evil deeds and put in their
place good deeds : but in the saying in the Kur
[iv.59], l>^>kUj^>k>^. cJ^Jtl U&
U^c [ Whenever their skins are thoroughly burned,
we will change the condition thereof to them into
the condition of other skins], the meaning is, that
the first condition of their skins shall be restored ;

1(18

so that the substance is one, but the condition is

different. (Mbr, T, TA.) You say also, i&T ZiXt

lul *-*y-}\ ^_y» [God gave him in exchange for

fear, or in lieu of fear, security], (S.) [And

'>£» *y *Jj^ He gave him in exchange for it,

or in lieu of it, such a thing : see KLur xxxiv. 15.

And \JSa ajl£» Jjl/ He gave in exchange for it,

or in lieu of it, such a thing : see Kur vii. 93

and xvi. 103.] ;^1 j.'*j \ilL jXt, in the Kur

[xxvii. 11], means He hath done good [by way

of exchange after evil]; i.e., repented; (Jel ;)

• •a j-», , a,
or lty3\/ xyi Jj^ [hath exchanged his sin for

>r/>«i/anc«]. (Bd.) J-jJ-J and tjtjml both

signify The act of exchanging [a thing for another

thing] ; or making [a thing] to be a substitute

[for another thing]; (KL, P8 ;) and so does

* j««*- (KL.) You say, ,^*ll ^ ;^l JJ*,

(A1, K.,*) and «U " aJjs-I, 1. e. *^ 4U «J^Jl
[here meaning He exchanged the thing for the
thing; or, more literally, he made the thing a
substitute for the thing]. (M,K. [In the text
of the former of these, as given in the TT, instead
of •JmSjJi, I find Jl^J (a dial. var. of JUJf) with-
out the affixed pronoun, which is meant to be
underetood or is omitted inadvertently by the
transcriber : and here it should be observed, that
the explanation which I have rendered as above
admits of another meaning, namely, "$ j^> <tu ~jr- '
" he took it as a substitute for it :" in die M,
immediately before, *5j^ au jLi.1 is given as the

explanation of the phrases J^jiJI JjLj and j.JtJW,
and «Jjuwl and *y: see 10.]) You say also,

*/e*/ Vy^l " •iJ'Vi aor. * , [inf. n. Jlj^, men-
tioned and explained above, i" exchanged the gar-
ment, or piece of cloth, for another ; or made it
to be a substitute for another;] and ♦ tfjjui -!
**Jiv signifies the same. (Msb. [But the latter
phrase has more frequently another meaning, ex-
plained below: see 10.]) [taJj^l in the phrases
IJ^> <djyl as meaning //e changed it into, or
substituted for it, such a thing, and \JS» ^h> a]J^<
as meaning /ie changed it from, or substituted it
for, such a thing, is more common than *ij-i,
which is used in the same sense ; as ▼ <J j^ is
also ; for] AO applies the term • J^Jui [in lieu
of the more common term ♦ J.i*«] to a letter
that is changed from another letter, as in -«>Jt
for « : »..»« ; and this shows that oJju is trans,
[and signifies I changed, Sec.]. (Az, TA.)

•* •" * * ^ • j #»

3. 4I.>1** and " JjL3 signify the same, (S,)

namely, The act of exchanging with another or
others. (PS.) You say, iijXf, »nf. n. U^ui and
JU* [in the CK erroneously written with fet-h
to the *f>], He exchanged, or made an exchange,
with him; or] he gave him the like of that which
lie took, or received, from him; (IDrd,» M, K ;)
for instance, a garment, or piece of cloth, in the
place of another; (Lth, T, Msb,* in explanation
of the former inf. n. ;) and a brother in the place
of a brother. (Lth, T.) And t ^^ They ex-
changed, or made an exchange, each with the
other; or each gave to the other the like of that

which he took, or received, from him. (TA.)
*)jlji, ending a verse of El-Kulakh, means for
whom we would take a substitute : El-Marzookee
says, it is for ^Ul x/ JjLj [for whom we would
make an exchange with the people] ; the preposi-
tion being suppressed. (Ham p. 465.)

' • * '*

4. A>jk/I, inf. n. Jljul : see 2, in five places.

5. JjkJ It (a thing, M) became changed, or
altered. (M, K.) — In the saying of the rajiz,

J '•* # O - - )*

the meaning is, Jj j^j ji [i. c. the meaning of
the whole is, And, or but, she was changed, or
altered; for time has the property of changing,
or altering]. (M.) ass See also 10, in three places.

6 : see 3, in two places.

10. i^Ill Jjui-I and r^lJW, and * i>JL3 and

*^, (M, K,*) He took a substitute, or a thing in

exchange, for the thing. (M.) You say, Jjulwt

tj&Lt infill, and <u "<0jk«3, He took the thing [as

a substitute, or in exchange, for another; or] in

the place of another. (S.) And ^IC» l^J Jjk~— I

V>* [-^* i0 °k a garment, or piece of cloth, in the

* * i

place, or t*» lieu, of a garment, &c] ; and U.I

ft * + +

«-.) ^l£» [a brother in the place, or t/i lieu, of a
brother]. (Lth, T.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 58],
jt*. yk ^JJl^ ,V>I yh ^JJI .jyjui-31 T» r t7/ ye
teA« tn exchange that which is worse for that
which is better? (Jel. [See also other exs. in
the Kur ix. 39 and xlvii. last verse.]) And
Q^A[f^ih\ tjjJ^ ^ [Whose adopt eth infi-
delity in lieu of faith]. (Kur ii. 102. [See also
other exs. in the Kur iv. 2 and xxxiii. 52.]) _
See also 2, last sentence but one.

# »

J«V : see the next paragraph, in four places.

J.V and t jj^, (Fr,T,S, M, Msb,K,) like
Jli and JL, and ili. and ili,, (Fr, T, S,) and

l J£> and J£i, the only other instances of the kind,
i. e. of words of both these measures, that have
been heard, accord, to AO, (S, TA, [but in one
copy of the S, I find A'Obeyd,]) and ♦ JjoJ, (S,
M, Mgh, Msb, K,) all signify the same; (S, M,
Msb, K ;) namely, A substitute ; a thing given,
or received, or put, or done, instead of, in place
of, in lieu of, or in exchange for, another thing;
a compensation; syn. UisU, (M,K,) and ^jo^e- :
(Kull:) ;^!jl JJ^ [and j^l '&> JjJI] and
▼ «1 jk| and " <lL< j^ meaning a~* olUJI [<Ae «u&-
stitutefor the thing; &c.] ; (M, K >) i- «•> another
thing: (S:) pi. Jlj$ (IDrd, Msb, K,) which,
as pi. of * J< j*, has few parallels. (IDrd, TA.)
Sb says, [making a distinction between J j^ and
*Ji^»] y° u M 7> '«*<j ^^ 6j» •• e - Verily Zeyd
is in thy place : but if you put J»v in the place
°fji*i, you say, Jsjj iti.* o'» >• e. * M** o[
J4j [Verily thy substitute is Zeyd]: and a man
says to another, Go thou with such a one; and
he replies, ai jv J*-j ^y-*, i. e. With me is a man
who stands in hit stead, and is in his place, or

[Boo* I.

who will stand &c. (M.) You say also, IJl=» Jj^
[and IJl=> ^ ^Jm], meaning Instead of, in
the place of, in lieu of, or in exchange for,
such a thing. (Kull.) [And l>=» Jjiii Jjl Jj^

Instead of thy doing thus.] Ju/^l (IDrd,S,

M, K, &c.) and i^Jjl (TA) [The Substitutes, or
Lieutenants ;] certain righteous persons, of whom
the world is never destitute ; when one dies, God
substituting another in his place: (S:) certain
persons by means of whom Ood rules the earth ;
(M, K;) consisting of seventy men, (IDrd, M,
K>) according to their assertion, of whom the
earth is never destitute; (IDrd, T A ;) forty of
whom are in Syria, and thirty in the other
countries ; (IDrd, M, K ;) none of them dying
without another's supjriying his place, (M, K,)
from the rest of mankind; (K ;) and therefore
they are named Jlj^l : (M :) accord, to Abu-1-
Baka, as stated by El-Mundwcc, it seems that
they meant [by this appellation] the substitutes
and successors of the prophets; and accord, to
some, they were seven, neither more nor feiver,
by means of wlwm God takes care of the seven
climates ; one being successor of Abraham (£1-
Khaleel), and to him pertains the first climate ;
the second, of Moses (ICl-ICeleem) ; the third, of
Aaron ; the fourth, of Idrccs ; the fifth, of
Joseph ; the sixth, of Jesus ; and the seventh, of
Adam : (TA : [in which is also mentioned a
treatise denying thoir existence, and disapproving
of the assertion that by means of them God takes
care of the earth :]) the sing, is Jj^ and T Jj^,
(T.)ortj^. (IDrd,S.)-_JjJ! J,jl (M,
K) The letters of substitution ; thou which are
substituted for other letters ; not thou which are
substituted in consequence of ulghdm. (M.) [The
letters included under this appellation differ accord,
to different authors : sec De Sacy's Gram. Ar.

2nd ed. i. 33.] *ji (Kr, M, K) and jj^,

(M, Ki) applied to a man, also signify Generous,
and noble: (Kr,* M, K:) and used in these
senses, [says ISd,] they arc, in my opinion, not
devoid of implication of the meaning of a substi-
tute : (M :) the pi. is Jlj^l. (M, K-)

t *• • "

Jj ju : sec Jj^, in six (daces.

JljV A- *eller of eatables (AHeyth, T, K) of
every kind : thus he is called by the Arabs ;
(AHeyth, T;) because he changes one sale for
another ; selling one thing to-day and another
to-morrow : (AHat, TA :) the vulgar say, JU^.
(AHeytli, T,K0 — Also One who has no more
property than is sufficient for his purchasing one
thing, and who, when he sells this, buys another
thing in exchange for it. (TA in art. Jj^.)

[Hence,] ^IJlJIj ^IIj^J) ^Ij ij* is a phrase
used as meaning This is a flimsy opinion. (TA
in the present art and in art. Jj*>>, [but in the
latter without the j,] on the authority of AHeyth.)

§ * » j \
jju,: )

J

see 2.

o*v

t O*, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. < } (T,
S ;) and o+t, aor. '- ; (T, S, M, Msb, K ;) inf. n.

Book I.]

ii\ *, (T, S, M, &c.,) of the former, (ISk, T, 8,
&c.,) and ZjXi, (T, S, M, K,) also of the former,
(ISk, T,) or of tlie latter, (S,) and oJ^, (M, £,)
accord, to AZ, (T,) and o'J*> (M,K,) or ^j^
is the inf. n. of the latter verb; (Msb ;) said of a
man, (ISk, T, S ( ) and of a camel ; (Msb ;) and
wJ jlJ and sZ-ij-i, said of a woman, (AZ, T, M,
K,) and of a 3J jj, q. v. ; (Zj, T, &c. ;) He, and
site, was, or became,, big, bulky, big-bodied, or
corpulent; (ISk, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, $ ;)
uboutuling in flesh; (T ;) ./at: (Zj, T, M :) or
the former verb lias this last signification, that of
fatness; and the latter verb is syn. with Jju,

* ft >

q. v. (Ham p. 158.) [See also ^j^, below.]

nwi«, or became, aged, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,)
an»/ n)«rt/< : (M, K :) or he teas, or became, heavy
by reason of age; as also ♦ ^J^. (Ham p. 158.)
= He clad a man with a ,J«V> '• 0. u c ji [or
co«< o/ »»at/]. (K,*TA.)

ijj*{ [properly an inf. n. ; see 1 :] Fatness and
compactness; as also *&j-(. (£>.)__ And Fat;
i.e. the substance termed j^mii. (M, TA.) =
It is also u j)l. of iij^: (T, S, &c. :)_and of
OiW. (M,TA.)

^J4 The body, without tlie head and arms
and legs; (M, M*b, K;) so says Az: (Msb:) or
the body without the arms and legs : (Mgh :) or
[the jmrt] from the shoulder-joint to the posteriors
[inclusive] : (TA [as from the Mgh, in my copy
of which it is not found] :) or the ju-*. [generally
meaning the body together with the members'] of
a man; (S ;) often .applied to the whole of the
j, ■ — ; (Az, TA ;) and in the Kur x. 02 it is said
to mean the body without soul: (S:) plȣUyi;
(M,Msb;) whence the phrase, mentioned by Lh,

'•* I* * * * *S . XT'? T ■ I

0'**V*^' 1: m ' V [meaning Verily she is beau-
tiful in respect of the body], as though the term
ijjkt were applied to every portion of her. (M.)
^Ij^^JI iSojit is originally O'J^W Hj=>jZ, mean-
ing Copartnership in bodily labours for the ac-
quirement of gains. (Msb.) _ And hence, J The
part of a shirt, (Mgh, Msb,) and of a [garment
of the kind called] *-»., (Mgh,) that lies against
the back and the belly, [i. e. the body thereof,]
without the sleeves and the ^^ajjU-i [or gores with
which it is widened] : (Mgh, Msb :) pi. as above.
(Msb.) _ Also \ A short cjj [or coat of mail],
(S, M, K,) of the measure of the body : (M :) or
it is [a coat of mail] like a ejj, except that it is
short, only such as covers the body, with short
sleeves : (T :) or, as some say, any e.ji : (M :)
and so it is said to mean in the Kur x. 02 by
IAar (T) and by Th ; (M;) but Akh says that
this assertion is of no account : (S :) pi. as above.
(M, K.) __ And t A small [garment of tlie kind

St >

called] *-»■ ; as being likened to a coat of mail.
(TA.) — Accord, to Kr, (M,) A limb, or mem-
ber : or, specially, the limbs, or members, of a
slaughtered camel : (M, K : [in the latter of
which, the former of these two explanations is
improperly connected with the first in this para-
Jlk. I.

O-V — »J-t

graph by the conjunction jl :]) to these he spe-
cially applies it in one instance: pi. as above.

(M.) Also An. old, or aged, man: (£:) or so

Jjjy jLj. (T, S, M.) [In like manner, t^iW
and *,j«*V are said by Golius, as on the authority
of the S, to signify annosus et senior, applied to a
man, and also to a woman ; but this explanation
is wrong; and the latter word I do not find in
any lexicon.] __ And An old mountain-goat :
(M, K :) or so jjj^ J*j : (S :) [in tlie present
day, o>*i ' 9 applied to the wild goat of the
Arabian and Egyptian deserts and mountains;
the capra iuela of Hamilton Smith ; called by
some an ibex; as is also J~3, properly J^» :]
pi. [of pauc.] (j-M ( M > -£ A" tl,c C K> errone-
ously, (JJ*']) ant l [of mult.] 0>V> which is extr.
[with respect to rule], on the authority of IAar.
(M, TA.) The rujiz says, describing a bitch (S,
M) and a mountain-goat, (M, TA,)

169

d ' j o I o ■

3 —

* *»* *> * * *

J * * J J 6 t * J Ji '

(S,* M,* TA,) [/ Itad said, when El- 1Mb ap-
peared, and El- J J ik ab comprised her and the old
mountain-goat, "Exert thyself: for every worker
there is a recompense : tlie head and the shanks
and the hide shall be thine"] : w>UuOI is the name
of a bitch, and w)UaJI is a certain mountain: he
snys, " Catch thou this goat, and I will make thy
recompense to be the head and the* shanks and
the hide." (TA.) [Hence Golius has been led
to mistake v***-" *° r a signification of (JJ-M-]

t The lineage, or parentage, of a man, and his

grounds of pretension to respect or honour. (M,

SO

• « < ..

ijjit : sec (j«>V-

,jjj^: see ^j^.sslt is also a pi. of iij^. (M,
K, ice.)

SJXi A she-camel, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,)

and a male camel, (T, M, Mgh, K,) and a cow,

(T,S,M, Mgh,* Msb, K,) and a bull, (M, K,)

accord, to some, (Ms b,) or properly the first of

ihcsc, (Mgh, Msb,) and the second, (Mgh,) but

made by the Siinneh to apply to a cow also,

(Mgh,* Msb,) that is slaughtered at Mehkek,

(S,) or that is, (M, K,) or mny be, (T,) brought

thither for sacrifice ; (T,M,K;) so called because

they used to fatten them, (S,) or because of their

greatness, or bulkiness : (T, Mgh, Msb :) not

applied to a sheep or goat : (T, Msb, TA :) En-

Nawawee erroneously cites the T as asserting

that it is thus applied ; misled, it is said, by an

t * **
omission in his copy: (MF,TA:) pi. oUju, (T,

• •*
Mgh, Msb,) a pi. of pane, (Mgh,) and ^JJJ, (T,

S, M, Msb,) or \jj-t, (Mgh, K,) or both, (M,

Msb, TA,) the former being a contraction of the

latter, which seems to be pi. of ^j ju : (Msb :)

one should not use ^j»o as a pi. of ii ju ; though

% ■ , • > t

they used to sav ^..t.A. and ^,^.1 &c. (M, TA.)

[ Jj^ Of, or relating to, the ,J«*> or bod lf
coiyoreal.^See also y>>W0

^ j^ : see &>v, in four places.

^jl^, applied to a man, Big, bulky, big-bodied,
or corpulent; (ISk, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, $ ;) as
also *,!«.* (Msb,K) and »o.*** (M,¥) [and

♦^j^]; and fat; as also *0- fc **» : ( T » M or
heavy in body; heavy by reason of age: and
*CH*H signifies fat : (Ham p. 158 :) sji\t is like-
wise applied to a woman, (S, M, M^b, K,) as are
also ii>g(M,Mgh,K) andt^jj (S, K) and
ti'X«: (T,M:) the pi. is £& '(M, Msb, K)
and J, J^ (M, T A) and o * i ( M ? b > ? ») thc firet
of these being pi. of jjtj, (M, Msb,) and so the
second; (M ;) and the third being pi. of * <ji^.
(Msb.) See also ,jjv.

&X-», and with » : see ,jjV> in tm, ee places.

£,ljl» That becomes fat quickly, with little
fodder [or food]. (M, K.)

1. i^J, (JK, S, Msb, K,) aor. - , (S, Msb, K,)
inf. n. l£(, (JK, S, Msb,) He, or it, came upon
him, or happened to him, suddenly, unexjiectedly,
or without his being aware of it ; sui-priscd him,
or took kirn unawares; (JK, S, Msb, K.;) as
also * aajW, inf. n. i*>£t : (JK, Msb :) the
former verb has this signification said of an affair,
or event (S, K.) And ^ *i^, (S, $,) aor.
as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (J K, TA,) sig-
nifies Af *xl*£ll, (JK, T, S, K,) i. e. He met him,
or encountered him, with a thing, or an affair, or
an action, (T£,) suddenly, unexpectedly, or with-
out his being aware of it : (T, TA :) or he began
with him by it, or with it; syn. aj «Uy ; (K;)
the • being a substitute for the t : (TA :) and
M * i*>W, (S,* K,) inf. n. 2*>C*> and \\ jy, (K,)
he came upon him suddenly, unexpectedly, or
without his being aware ofit; surprised him, or
took him unawares; (S,l£;) with it. (K.)«_
See also 2.

2. »j-i, inf. n. *i.fcJ, He answered, or replied,

- 4> »

quickly : (IAnr, TA :) and * »j^ he answered, or
rejilied, or he spoke, extempore; without pre-
meditation. (Har p. 61.)

3 : sec 1, in two places.

6. j*li\i 0^£i U» (S,TA) They two dispute,
or contend together [extemporaneously, or extem-
porizing, with verses or poetry]. (TA.) — See
also 8.

8. s' fcir H »jujt (K, TA) He extemporized the
discourse, or sermon, or oration ; spoke it, or
composed it, extemporaneously, impromptu, with-
out premeditation. (TA.) And " Oy^i^-i >•*
'_ u^n (K,TA) 7%»?y extemporize discourses,
&c. : hei-e the measure J*U3 has not its proper
quality [of denoting participation in the manner
of contention, though it has in a phrase mentioned
before]. (TA.)

170

o jl> and o.v : sec **!>,>.

*jJv iJ^i and lyjju -see iyjja.
« * *^ .» -

1*1 .v : boo ikl Jv, in two places.

iil J^ (9, K) and t iilj^ (ggh, K) and 1 1^ ^
(JK, S, K) and T »Js> and t «jv (K) substs. from
j^V **Jv> (JK, S,) meaning Tlie ^rsi of any-
thing ; and an occurrence thereof by which one
is taken unawares : (K :) or the first occurrence
of a thing, that happens to one unexpectedly. (M,

in explanation of the first word, in art. 1 ju.) Also

the first (?, TA) and * second (JK) and * third
(TA) The first part of the running of a horse ;
(JK,S, TA;) opposed to ihU, signifying [the
" remaining part of the running," or " an after-
running," or] "a running after a running." (TA.)
You say, Aty*} * lyj Ju ^i yk, and a*l jj, [He has
a first running and an after-running, differing,
the ono from the other]. (Az, TA.) And *iaJ
*ij*- **W jj* [He overtook him in the first
part of his running]. (Z, TA.) I Sd thinks that
in all these coses the » is a substitute for ». (TA.)
[Hence,] " I v jj~1\ j+i. [properly Fleet in the first
part of his running; meaning] la man who takes
by surprise with large bounty. (TA, in art. j^c.)
_ See also the next paragraph, in three places.

iyj jy : sec i*l ju, in four places. You say,

i^fjJt -tU, (K,) in which TSd thinks the t to be
a substitute for >, (TA,) It is for thee to begin ;
(K ;) mid so tiitjJI -i", with » substituted for ..
(M, Mbr,TA art. W) And i^jJI Jb 4»V'
(K) He answered, or replied, on the first of his
being t alien unawares. (TA.) [ T <mJ^ ^^i* is
mentioned by Freytag, but on what authority
he docs not sny, as meaning Unpreparedly, sud-
denly, or unexpectedly ; and so 1 1^> j^ by Golius,
as on the authority of J, but I do not find it
in the S in the present article.] And Ayj-V »'j

signifies //<• *aro Aim suddenly, or unexpectedly.

ta **
(TA.) And i^yi i«!Jv, Suddenly formed, un-
premeditated, judgment or opinion. (Msl>.)_
Ayj jlj and * a*I»vj both signify The coming, of
speech, without premeditation : and the coming
suddenly, unexpectedly, or unawares. (KL.)^
And * the latter, [and more commonly the former,]
An intuitive knowledge, notion, or idea; such
as that one is the half of two; being, with respect
to knowledge, like vju with respect to intellect :
(Kiill:) [or] the former signifies the faculty of
judging rightly at the first of an unexpected occur-
rence : [intuition, or intuitive perception :] ac-
cord, to 'Alee-Ibn-Dhafir El-Hadd&d, it signifies
primarily >^Wl ^j* JWJjl [»• e. the faculty of
extemporizing ; or speaking, or composing, ex-
temporaneously, impromptu, without premedita-
tion] ■ and predominantly, the poetizing, or versi-
fying, impromptu, without premeditation or con-
sideration: except that JU-3>I t'j quicker than
i w j*. (TA.) You say, a^j^ jS ^i (K) He lias
a faculty of judging rightly at the first of an
unexpected occurrence. (TA.) And ^i O^
*■' r- iyj-v > s ''«'/' a one A<u a good faculty of
extemporizing; or of uttering, or relating, things

by means of the promptness of his intelligence.
(TA, in art. Ijs> : see iLjJ.) And>J*i IJjL
JyUJI djtjkj ^ji [TAt* « known among the intui-
tive notions of intellects ; i. e., intuitively], (K,*
TA.) <u\ ju seems to be pi. of iyj ju, as in the
phrase, (TA,) ailj^ «J, i. e. *5Uj [ife Aa* new,
or admirable, things that he utters], (K, TA,) in
speech, or language, and poetry, and in answer-
ing, or replying : but here it is not improbable
that the » may be a substitute for the c. (TA.)
a

UviJk/ [Intuitive knowledge ,J such that its
origination does not rest upon speculation, and
acquisition by study, whether it do, or do not,
require some otlier thing, as conjecture or ex-
perience cjr. ; (KT, Kull ;) so that it is 1 [some-

times] syn. with \J))j-b [and opposed to ^fjlii]:
and sometimes it means such as does not require
anything whatever after the intellect lias directed
itself; so that it is more particular than {Jjjj-i :
(KT :) as the conception of heat and cold, and
the assent of the mind to the position that negation
and affirmation cannot be co-existent, nor be
simultaneously non-existent, in the same instance.
(KT, Kull.) _[ And hence,] A mere simpleton
or fool : but this is post-classical. (TA.)

\)**-j (S) A man possessing in a large
degree the faculty of extemporizing, or of judging
rightly at the first of an unexpected occurrence ;
firm, or steady, in speech or discourse, or whose
tongue makes no slip in contentions, when lie is
taken unawares. (Har p. 64.)

1. ij* (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ^ XS, (S, Msb,)
inf. n. j jo (S, M, Msb, K) and ^»v and tl j->
(M, K) and »;Uj (K) and lj^, (M, on the
authority of Sb,) for which last we find, in [some

of] the copies of the K, jj^, a repetition, (TA,)
or ljJ>-i, (so in otlier copies of the K,) It
appeared; it became apparent, open, manifest,
plain, or evident: (T,S,M,Msb,K:) and *(^j-j
[signifies the same ; or Ae showed himself, or it
showed itself; (see an ex. in art. ,J-c*-, voce
i^U., last sentence ;) or] Ae, or it, came in sight,
or within sight. (KL.)__^«^I ^ 4 lj^, (T,
M, Msb, K, and Har p. 666^) inf. n. JJ^ (M, K)
and tju (M, and bo in a copy of the K) and tt ju,
(T, M, and so in the CK,) or 5.1 j^. and 31 ju ; (as
in some copies of the K;) or 1 9jvj*^1 ^ a) Ij^,
(S, IB,) the last word being in the nom. case
because it is the agent ; (IB, TA ;) An opinion
presented itself, or occurred, to him, or arose in
Mi mind, syn. Uj, (S, K, and Har ubi supra,)
or appeared to him, (M,) [respecting tlie affair,
or case,] different from his first opinion, so that
it turned kim therefrom : (Har ubi supra :) or
there appeared to him, respecting the affair, or
case, what did not appear at first : (Msb :) ac-
cord, to Fr, t JIjy ^ |j^ means another opinion
appeared to me : accord, to Az, I jy J I j^ means
my opinion changed from what it was. (TA.)
Esh-Shemmakh says,

[Book I.

if ** 3' J J • * * 5 * -

* a J* w^jum iua ^ iu i.*

[May-be {but it is right that the promise be ful-
filled) an opinion different from thy first opinion
liatk arisen in thy mind respecting that youthful

she-camel]. (M, TA.) Ijlj U jjl/ &* ^ W>»5
t iit f .. J Ob^l, in the Kur [xii. 35], means Ijj

tit t 9" I * * . 10 * * 3*

A '.-m., ; .. ) \j)\5) ' SI JJ j*), [i. e. TAen an opinion
arose in their minds, after they had seen the signs
of his innocence, and they said that they should
certainly imprison him,] because <>.:■». ..J, being
a proposition, cannot be the agent : so says Sb.
(M.) ^ayJUJL* ^jl 4I1 lju, occurring in a trad.,
means \ Ood determined that He would slay
them : for, as lAtli says, 21 ju signifies the deem-
ing to be right a thing that is known after its
having been not known; and t.' is may not be
attributed to God : but, as is said by Suh, in the
R, one may say, [of God,] I j^ JjuJ ,jl a) IjJ,
[properly signifying if occurred to him, or ap-
peared to him, that he should do such a thing,]
as meaning t He desired to do such a thing ; [as

00 m >* * *

also \i£s Jj«i ^j a) Ijv;] and thus the phrase
in the trad., here mentioned, has been explained.
(TA.) [One says also, ili lj^ U I ji> jjJl Do
thou thus as long as it seems fit to thee : see a
verse of El-Ahmar cited voce ^jtf.]—jtyi\ lj^,
(T, S, M, K,) inf. n. ]J^, (S.) or ft JJ ; (M, K ;)
[the latter of which is said in the TA to be the
right;] or <0iUI ^1 tju, inf. n. SjIjv and Sjljy ;
(Msb;) The people, or company of men, went
forth to the ink [or desert] : (M, Msb, K :) or,
the former, went forth to their <4.>W : (? or
went forth from the region, or district, of towns
or villages or of cultivated land, to the pasturing-
places in the deserts : (T :) [ISd says,] ^jky may
be used as meaning Sjljk, which is the contr. of

ijLo*. : (M :) [J says,^ Sjl jj and 5^1 j^ signify
the dwelling, or abiding, in the Zj jL> [or desert] ;
the con/r. o/ SjLa». : but Th says, I know not
Sjjl jo, with fet-h, except on the authority of AZ
alone : (S :) As says that 5^1 Js> and SjLo*. arc
with kesr to the w» and fet-h to the •> ; but AZ

says the reverse, i. e. with fct-h to the ^j and
kesr to the ■> : (T :) both are also explained as
signifying the </otn^ /brtA to the ijily : and some
mention 5^1 jj, with damm ; but this is not known :
(TA :) ▼^j-J likewise signifies he went forth
from the constant sources of water to the places
where herbage was to be sought [in the desert] ;
(T;) or Ae dwelt, or abode, in the *h>(t. (S,K.)
It is said in a trad., U*. I ju yj*, i. e. He who
abides in the desert becomes rude, rough, coarse,
or uncivil, like the desert-Arabs. (S.) And in
another, £!Wt ».»* ^1 jJ-J 0^» \&* «*e<^ to
go forth to these water-courses in the desert, or
<Ae*c high grotmds, or low grounds, &c.]. (TA.)^
[Hence,] I jy He voided his excrement, or ordure;
(M, K ;) as also t^ jol (T, K) [and ijyl] : because
he who does so goes forth from the tents or houses
into the open country. (T.) = tji^ i«jlj^, aor.
JJ-rt> « 8 "ke ^W [>• e- J^« 6e^an ro»<A me by

Book I.]

doing such a thing], (M, TA.) hi ,j«/JJ1 <iJJV
The land "produced, or abounded with, Sljo, i. e.
truffles : (K,* T A :) or had in it truffles. (TK.)
__ And The land had in it Slju, meaning dust,
or earth. (K,* TK.)

2. i^jo, inf. n. aj j-J, 7/ie showed, or wta</<?
apparent, a want that occurred, or presented itself,

to him. (TA.) [Sec sVfJv.] 7/e sent forth

a horse [or beast] ro </mj place of pasture [app.
in r/<e 2jjV> or «?««*']• (TA, from a trad.)

3. oljt-e The yoing, or coming, out, or forth,
in the field, to encounter another in battle, or
war. (TA.)__And [more commonly] The show-
ing open enmity, or hostility, with any one: (KL,
TA :) [a meaning more fully expressed by the
phrase Sjljudl^ iljl** : for you say,] ijljjJl/^jl/
He showed open enmity, or hostility, [with ano-
ther;] syn. l^oykU.; (S, K ;•) as also \^jL3 :
(K :) or you say, Sjljjdl,- t IjjLj they showed
open enmity, or hostility, one with another; syn.
lyj t^jJkUJ!. (S.) You say also, »**{/ ^Ul j^iW
.He showed, or revealed, to the people, or <o men,
Am affair, or case. (TA.) [Thus, j^"^W »bW
and j-»"i)l a) v ^jol signify the same ; i. c. He
showed, or revealed, to him the affair, or case.]
_ And Loy-rV i_£.>W -We measured, or compared,
them both together, each with the otlier. (A, TA.)

4. «ljot lie made it apparent, open, manifest,
plain, or evident ; he showed, exhibited, mani-
fested, evinced, discovered, or revealed, it ; (S,
M, Msb, K ;) and it has been said [correctly, as
will be scon below,] that x-c (^j»jI signifies
the same. (Ml', TA.) It is said in a trad.,

1^ J #-- i*r It* - ~ 0J A -

<uil -j1— ==> ouXfi j0 jl> tSm *,o L) jw \i)*> >• e.
J IPAoio shometh, or revcaleth, to us his deed [or
o-tmc] which he was concealing, [the booh of
God shall execute vengeance upon him, meaning]
we will inflict upon him the punishment ordained
by the booh of Ood. (TA.) tSm Lo «0 t^jot also
means J He showed open enmity, or hostility,
with him. (A and TA in art. ytW.) And iCJol
sjj& ^jt, said of water, means It showed its
bottom, by reason of its clearness. (L in art.

jSLe.) See also 3 ..lUku ^ C*jJ>/i Thou

deviatedst, or hast deviated, from the right way
in thy speech. (S.) — — See also 1.

5. ^ju~3 : sec 1, in two places. = In the
common dial, of the people of El- Yemen, it sig-
nifies He ate the morning-meal; syn. ^jJu.
(TA.)

6. j_£3M : sec 3, in two places. _ Also He
affected to be like, or imitated, the people of the
liiKi [or desert]. (S, K.)

• •' . .

jo : see jj^, in two places.

i

Ijo The excrement from the anus (M, K*) of

a man. (M.) [And Jlju, from Ijol, signifies the

• *
same.] — A joint (J-aie) of a man; (AA, M,

K;) as also lX/: (A\, M :) pi. t\j$. (AA, M,

K.) = Ijo for Ijo : sec yju, in two places.

f • * •'

}j-> : see a, }Ij : = and sec also jb. = Also

The J?r*< of a thing; originally [!j»j,] witli

hemzeh : (Har p. 583 :) and *^$J*j, also, [ori-
ginally l^J-i,] signifies the first: (TA:) [and

* jo and t 1 jj, the latter for 1 ju, are used for «jo.
Hence,] one says, » jo ^jl»< JUJ J*»l, (?,) or

•V iJiW, (M,K,) and t^j^ j^ (Fr, S, M,)

or ^jo ^iV, (as in some copies of the K,) or

*(_£JV (^iVi («* ' n other copies of the K and in
the TA,) and * Ijo ^il/, (M,K,) mentioned by
Sb, who says that it is without tenween, though
analogy does not forbid its being with tenween,
(M,) meaning Do thou that first ; (S, TA ;) or,
Mc first thing : (Fr, TA :) originally [jjj i*£aV»
&c.,] with hefnz. (S, K. [See Jj-/.]) Hence also
the phrase, " L>ju <& j ,., II [Praise 6e to God
in tlie first place], (TA.)

, , • .,

1^5 ju for ju : see ^ jj.

51 jj : see *l j-> : _ and see also i; jL>.

; Also,

(K, TA,) like llii, (TA, [but in tlie CK i'Xt,

q. v., ]) Truffles; syn. iC^>. (K.) And Dust,

or earth. (K.)

»^JV Either side of a valley. (AHn, M, K.)

j_^j jo [ Of, or belonging to, or relating to, the
». -

3 jo, or rZ^jr/7 : and, used as a subst., a man, and

particularly an Arab, of the desert:] a rcl. n.

from jjo, (S, M, K,) cxtr. [with respect to rule],

(M, K,) for by rule it should be j^jjo ; (El-

Tebreezce, TA ;) or it is an irregular rel. n. from

ijiV : (Msb:) and t^Uo and t (J'jljo are

similar rcl.'ns., (M, K,) from Sjljo and syjo, as

• #^ «> ^ '

syn. witli }j*> and <u,>b, agreeably with rule ; or

the former of these two may be a rel. n. from
jj*y and ijiLi, and therefore extr. [with respect
to rule] ; but it is said that when a rel. n. may be
regarded as regular or irregular, it is more proper
to regard it as regular ; (M ;) or the former is a
rel. n. signifying of or belonging to, or relating
to, !)tju)l as meaning the dwelling, or abiding, in
the desert, (S, TA,) accord, to the opinion of AZ ;
and the latter is a rcl. n. from SjljJI accord, to
the opinion of As and others ; and is held by Th
to be the chaste form : (TA :) but ^j Jo is the
only one of these rcl. ns. that is known to the
common people : (M :) it is opposed to a towns-
man or villager. (TA.) [The pi. is i£jIjv, and

vulg. Oli^' See also *\j, often applied to a man

' 3 .. *

as syn. with ^Jo.]

•Olj jo : see l\ jo, in three places.

!ljo [An opinion that occurs to one, or ai-ises
in the mind; and particularly one that is different
from a former opinion;] a subst. from Ijo in the

1 .: *.

phrase _£••}! ^J> *J lju. (Msb.) See 1, in four
places. One says also, *Oljju ^i yk He is one
who lias various opinions occurring to him, or
arising in his mind, (IDrd, S,* K,* and Har
p. GG3,) of which he chooses some and rejects
others: (IDrd, TA:) it is said in praise, (IDrd,
TA, and Kzz in Har ubi supra,) and sometimes
in dispraise: (Kzz in Har ubi supra :) Oljjo is

171

pi. of t jijo, [which is therefore syn. with JIjl/,]
like as ol^iai is pi. of SU»i. (IDrd, TA, and
Har ubi supra.) One says likewise ♦oljjJI yf\,
meaning The father [i. e. originator] of opinions
that present themselves to him. (IDrd, TA.) And

♦ol^jo }i} OljjU ^i (jlkLlI (S, [in which the
context indicates it to mean The Sultan is charac-
terized by deviations from tlie right way:] but
accord, to SM, it is) a trad., meaning the Sultan
ceases not to have some new opinion presenting
itself to him. *(T A.)

!ljo, in the common dial, of the people of El-
Yemen, signifies The morning-meal; syn. tlj-c.
(TA.)

3 - *' ,' , • •'

l^jo : see 4oiL> : _ and see ^jo, in three

places. _ Also, [or (jfjy ^,] originally l^j jo,
q. v. in art. fjo, (TA,) A well: (T:) or a well
that it not ancient : (TA :) pi. {^iyi, formed by
transposition from (jbjo. (T.)

• «0 00

5;ljo What appears, or becomes apparent, of

wants, or needful things: pi. Olljo; for which
one may also say, Ol^ljy. (T.) These two pis.
also signify Wants that appear, or become appa-
rent, to one. (TA.) [The latter of them is like-
wise pi. of what next follows.]

Sjlju and ojtjo: see Ajjb The former also

signifies The first that appears, or becomes appa-
rent, of a thing. (Lh, M, K.) [See Siljv-]

•,'-.•.' 3 ,,

^Ijv and ijjlj^ : sec (Jjjo.

zAt Appearing, or apparent ; or becoming, or
being, apparent, open, manifest, plain, or evident.

K '

(Msb.) [Hence,] ^\j)\ yj>^ At the [first] ap-
pearance of opinion; (Fr, Lh,M;) or according
to the appearance of opinion ; (Zj, S, K ;•) which
may mean either insincerely or inconsiderately :
(Zj,TA:) so in the Kur xi. 29; (Zj, S ;) where
only AA read it with hemz : (TA :) if with

hemz, it is from Oljo, and means at first thought,
or on the first opinion. (S ; and Lh in M, art.

» •* .."*

Ijo: sec Ijo.) For jo iO^i or ju ^c^, and
\£±i \J&> fcc-i see ^jkv, in four places. _^lo)
^5JkV is sometimes used as a name for Calamity f
or misfortune : it consists of two nouns made one,
like ^->jSs ^jok. (S.) — iii also signifies A

man going forth to the thyif [or desert] : (M,*
Msb, K* TA :) or one who is in the *u>C, dwell-
ing in the tents, and not remaining in his place :
(TA :) pi. O^jW and Ijo [in the TA erroneously
said to be ^£j^ like i_$jJk] and iTJv : (M, K:) and
♦ j jo is a quasi-pl. n. of &; (M, TA ;) or is for
SJ-t J*l| meaning people who go forth to the
desert ; (M ;) or it means dwellers in the desert, or
people of the desert : (MF :) ♦ iS>\j also signifies
the same as O^iV. '• e- people migrating from the
constant sources of water, and going forth to the
desert, seeking the vicinity of herbage ; contr. of
Sj-iU. ; and Lpt*> [or }\yf\ is pi. of ijiC. (T.)

~ ', ' *

•

i\)\j : see what next follows.

22*

172

a,jjli (T, S, &c.) A desert ; so called because
of its lteing open, or uncovered ; (TA ;) contr. of
*j±L ; (M, K ;) as also * JJ*', (S,» M, Msb, K,)
and t il^V, (M,K,) or t J|J^, (TA, [thought by
SM to be the correct form because found by him
in the M, in which I find »bW»]) and T ^J^, said
to be used as syn. with ajjW in a verse of Lebeed
cited among the cxb. of the prc|K»ition ^j, p. 142,
(TA,) and • X^'m (M, K) and t i^ ; '(M ;) [of
which the last two and the second (namely, }JJ,)
seem to be originally inf. ns. ; see 1:] or a land
in which are no towns or villages or cultivated
toil: (Lth, T:) or the places to which people
migrate from the constant sources of water, when
they go forth to the desert, seehing the vicinity of
herbage; also termed }C», which is syn. n<ith
te.ll*, contr. of j-eU~o, and pi, of *^j-*, (T,)
this last signifying the contr. q/' j . nn o : (S :) the

pi. of LjW '» >£• ( T > M ? b -) — Scc a1s0 >*?•

#•* " ** *

^j~o : pi. jUo : see 1»JV'

i tj&j Wells showing their mater; having it

* - 3 »
«nro«e>««" fry rfu*< or earth; contr. of jute. ^»j-

(A in art. Jt«£.)

1. » JUW «^>.V and* *^ »i«iJ^ »• q- [OlJ^ and]
t /
Olj^l [I began with the thing; or made it to

have precedence, or to be first] ; (M,K ;) of the
dial, of the Ansar : (M :) the people of 121-

Medeeneh say, loj*, or L^, [accord, to different

A..
copies of the S,] in the sense of UUv: (S :) [the

right reading seems to be CjJ*/; for] IKh says,

' • " * i" i

none says w^j* '» the sense of Olj^, except the

Ansar: nil others say, Ojj^ and Oljv; when
the hemzch is suppressed, the > is pronounced
witli kesr, and therefore the hemzch is changed
into^j. (IB, TA.) [See a verse of lbn-ltawahah
cited voce *.»/.]

iiUs», said by Mtr to be a vulgar word, and by
IB to be erroneous, but by IKtf to be of the dial,
of the Ansar : see art. Ij^ [voce Jj^, second sen-
tence, in two places]. (TA.)

1. %, (M,) sec. pcrs. OiJ*, (S, Mgh, K,) aor.

i..

J-i, (L..K,) inf. n. jilj* (S,M, Mgh, K)^and
ii^ (S, M, K) and I ±t (M, Mgh, K) and hXi,
(K,)or Jl j*, with kesr, (TA,) [of all which, the
third is the regular form,] He (a man) was, or
became, threadbare, and shabby, or mean, in the
xtate of his apparel, (Ks, S, M, Mgh, L,) and tn
nn evil condition ; (M, L, K ;) slovenly with
respect to his person : (Ks, M, L :) or he neglected
the constant adornment of himself : or he adorned
himself one day, and another day left his hair in
a shaggy or dishevelled, or matted and dusty,
state : (T, L :) or he was humble in his apparel,
not taking pleasure therein. (IAtli, L.) SilJ^ is
said in a trad, to be a part of religion ; (Ks, T,
M, Mgh, L;) meaning, in this instance, The

being humble in dress, and wearing that which is
not conducive to self-conceit and pride. (Mgh.)

aetju, aor. Xii, (T, S, M, L,) inf. n. X (?, M,
L, K) and t SJjJ^, (K,) [or this may be a simple
subst.,] He overcame him ; (T, S, M, L, 1£ ;) he
surpassed him in goodliness or beauty, or in any
deed: (T, L :) he outstripped him. (M, L.) It
is said in a trad., ,>J3U)t «V H* outstripped, or
surpassed, and overcame, the speakers. (L.)

3. »iW He hastened with him ; made haste, or
strove, to be, or get, before him: (K,*TA:) he
vied with him in glory or excellence. (TA.)

8. AJm. jJJl lie took his (i. c. his own) right,
or due. (K.)

10. j^^O J^-»l He w* alone, with none to
share, or participate, with him, in the affair;
(K,» TA ;) i. q. JLi-l (K) and Jii.1. (TA.)

Ju [perhaps from the Persian »»->] A man
slovenly with respect to his person, and poor.

(IAar, T, L.) And i£ll &, and a£)l * iW, A
man threadbare, and shabby, or mean, in the
state of his apparel; (Ks,T,* S, Mgh, L;> and
in an evil condition with respect to it; (L, K;)
slovenly with respect to his person: (Ks, L:)
or one who neglects the constant adornment of
his person : or who adorns himself one day,
and another day leaves his hair in a shaggy or
dishevelled, or matted and dusty, state: (T, L :) or
humble in his apparel, not taking pleasure therein.

(IAth, L.)— .CjLjI J^ A man having evil for-

tune. (Kr, M, L.) SJ^ iLt> A threadbare, and

shabby, or mean, state of apparel. (M.)_ JU-
iZl, (S,) and i£t iJU., (TA,) An evil state or

condition. (S, TA.) _ j* j+j Dates that are
sejuiratc, each one from another, not sticking

together; like ji : (IAar, M:) or that are scat-
is i-
tered. (K.) — j^ ji Single ; sole ; that is alone,

£ ' t
or apart from others: (IAar, KL:) and so J»l

♦it (K.)

iXl rt'* fl fr jji, and Jil>J, [the latter an inf. n.
(of J^) used as a simple subst.,] In his state of
apparel is slovenliness, and threadbareness, and
sltabbiness, or meanness. (T.) tijuj^, also, (some-
times written * » J^Jy, TA, and so in the TT but
without vowel-signs,) signifies Slovenliness with
respect to one's person ; or neglect of cleanliness.
(T,L,K.)

o Ju Ju, or 5 Juju : see Sjy. = And tor the

" J Si*

former, see also tjj.

* - 3 -

i^ : see jj. hm Also Any one overcoming, or

surpassing. (M, L.)
j\<\ : see J^.

Ik

1. $Zi, (T, M,K,) with and without ., (Mgh,)

aor. '- , (T,) inf. n. tUJ and KU* (M, K,) tlie

* * *
former written in one copy of the K \jj, and the

latter in some copies written l\j^ ; (TA ;) and

I j^, and ^j*', (K,) aor. of both - ; (TA ;) and

[Book I.

some say ^jSj, aor. ^Juj, inf. n. !lj^; (T ;)
or, accord, to the Msb, only tj^ is with ., and
the others are properly written ^J^ and jjj ;
(TA ;) He (a man) was, or became, foul, un-
seemly, or obscene, (T,M,K,TA,) in tongue;
(TA ;) evil in speech. (T.) And jpK\ ^i* 1^,
aor. : , inf. n. tj^ and ttj^, He >eliaved in a
lightwitted, weak, stupid, or fooluh, manner, or
ignorantly, towards the people, or company of men ;
and uttered foul, unseemly, or ooscene, language
against them; and so though with truth. (Msb.)
_1jo also signifies He was, or became, evil in
disposition. (Fr,T.) — And, said of a place, It
became devoid of pasture, barren, or unfruitful.

(TA.) = «I.M ol>C: see 3 »IJ^, (T, S, M,

K,) aor. - , (T,) inf. n. tj^, XT : S.) also signifies
J/c dispraised it ; discommended it ; (T, M, K ;)
namely, a thing: (M :) and '<e despised him:
(T, K:) and he saw in him (a man, S) a state,
or condition, that he disliked, or hated : (S, K :)
he did not approve him ; and was not pleased

m. ft ■ '

with his aspect. (TA.) And ^ji-fc <olJ^, (T,S,
M, Msb,*) aor. as above, (M,) and so the inf. n.,
(S, M,) My eye did not. approve him, or it ;
(T, S;) I teas not pleased with his, or its, aspect;
(S ;) and 7 sam in him, or it, a state, or condi-
tion, that I disliked, or hated: (T :) or my eye
despised, or regarded as of light estimation, him,
or ft : (M, Msb :) accord, to AZ, this is said
when a thing has been praised, or greatly praised,
to thoc,nnd in thy presence, and then thou dost not
see it to l)c as it has been described : but when
thou Bccst it to be as it has been described, thou
sayest, ^^JJI »5J-5 U. (T.) One says also, Ij*
^j^t He dispraised, or discommended, the pas-
ture of the land. (S, M,K.) And in like manner,
jlo^JI Ij* (S) He did not praise the place.
(TA.)

3. aliW, (T,) inf. n. &£, (T, K,) in some
copies of the K without ., (TA,) and fijs>, (T,
K,) [He vied with him, or strove to surpass him,
in foul, unseemly, or obscene, speech or language :
and he held such discourse with him : these signi-
fications being indicated by the following exs.,
and by the saying that] the inf. ns. are syn. with

ili.\iJi. (T,?0 You say, t.lj^ &W [He
vied with him, or strove to surpass him, in foul,
unseemly, or obscene, speech or language, and he
surpassed him therein : in this case, tho aor. of
the latter verb is l , notwithstanding the final
faucial letter]. (TA.) And Esh-Shaabee says,
!UJJ \\j-> y» Cl» iii-JI C^h t lit [i. e. When
the ring of people becomes large, it is only an
occasion of holding foul, unseemly, or obscene,
and secret, discourse] : it is said that .l«ij here
signifies Vir'r-- (T :) the meaning is, that there
is much «IJ^ and «U~i, i. e. iU-U*, therein. (TA

m ' ' '& '

in art. ymJ. [But there, in the place of y» U*U,
I find i-i ; and in the TA in the present art.,
*/ LoJli.]) __ Also He contended with him in
an altercation. (T.)

4. tj^l He uttered foul, unseemly, or obscene,
speech or language. (TA.)

JiCju A man foul, unseemly, or obscene, (T,

Book I.]

M,K, TA,) in tongue; (TA;) evil in tpeech.
(T.) [See also art. jjj.]__ A place in which is
no pasture: (K :) and ajJv ^jl a /a?t<i in to/mcA
ti no pasture. (S, M.)

1. ^Jsi, aor. - , inf. n. «- j-> ; (Msb ;) and

f-j-l, [aor. - and ', (see -what follows,)] inf. n.

* "

f-}<i<l ; (L ;) It (a mountain) was high, or lofty.

(L, Msb.) — _ And hence, (Msb,) ~ Sj, (S, MhI>,

K,) aor. '- , ft,) inf. n. £&} (S, K ;) and £&

aor. - and - , but the former is the more approved,

inf. n. f-Sj and f-jj-t ; (L ;) t /lis n,v«, or became,

proud, and /o/i/y, or haughty ; (S, Msb,* K ;) as

also ▼ <>-«>-j : (S, ^C :) J Ae exalted himself above

otfiers, (L, TA,) as also * ~- Juj, (A,) &y Ai*

speech, and his glorying, or boasting. (L, TA.)

__ And f-j*i, aor. - , inf. n. (jU-Jj, J 7/e (a

camel) brayed in the most vehement manner, (L,

TA,) and put forth his <U*.s*» [or fancied bag].
• •» i ft*

(TA.) as ji-Jy, aor. - , inf. n. »-.y, 2/e split, clave,
rifted, slit, or rent, a thing. (Msb.)

3. — — JW t ■«• Wea", or competed, or contended,
with him in glorying or boasting, or in ^tory or
excellence, or yiw superiority in nobleness. (L,
TA.)

5 : sec 1, in two places.
£J4 : see £jly.

«.Jy and ~ jj [for the latter of which, in the
CK, we find *-Jy,] i. q. -_y [Excellent! ice.];

(J K, T, K, TA ;) and wonderful ! (T, TA.)

~Ju ~-Jj is also said in chiding a camel that

brays in the most vehement manner, (sec *-J*,)
or in imitating his braying. (L.)

£jfi see £iW.

^ilj*' Great ; syn. J^Jji. (K.)

p-'-V : sec what next follows, in four places.

j-iV High, or lofty; (JK, A, Msb;) applied

to a mountain: (JK, Msb:) [and] a high, or
lofty, mountain ; an epithet in which the quality
of a sulmt. is predominant : (L, TA :) pi. f-i\yi

( J K, 8, A, L, Msb) and oli-JV [both fcm. forms] :
(JK :) and the former pi. applied as an epithet
to mountains. (8, A, K.) __ [Hence,] ~iC J*-j,

(JK,L,) and *£.!.*, (JK,A, L,) [the latter
an intensive epithet,] \A proud, and lofty, or
haughty, man, who exalts himself above others,
(JK, A, L,) by his speech, and his glorying, or
boasting : (JK, L :) pi. of the former ili. ju, like
as iliic is pi. ofjllt, and a. jy. (L.) You say,
In speech, he is t*ujj; and in poetry, «-3b.
(L.)_ And j-iV <J>£ XHigh, or exalted, nobility.
(8,K,TA.)— £iVjU, (L,) and t^, (L ,
Vr) or^^JI » £l &, (A,) and t^Jj, and t ^

(K,) J A camel that brays much, (K,) or in the
most vehement manner, (L,) and puts forth his
ttaft [or faucial bag], (K.)

*-Jk~- A large-bodied, or corpulent, woman;
(S,K;)asalso^. (TA.)

1. jii, (T,S, A, Msb,) aor. '-, (Msb,) inf. n.
]X, (T, Msb, K,) J/e sowed seed ; (S, TA ;) he
cast grain «/wn the ground to sow it ; (Msb ;)
he cast grain upon the ground, scattering it ;
(A ;) he scattered seed (T, MF) upon the ground;
as also ^ jj-t, [but app. in an intensive sense,]
(MF,) inf. n. jijJj (T, MF) and IjoJ : (T:)
this is the primary signification. (MF.) _ Also,
(M,) inf. n. as above, (M, K,) He sowed land ;
(M, L, K;) and so ♦ jXi, (M,L,) inf. n. jj.*J.

(L, K.) Also, (M,) inf. n. as above, (M,K,)

He scattered, or dispersed, (M, K,) a tiling;
(M ;) and so tjjy, [or rather lie scattered, or
dispersed, much,] inf. n. jjXj. (K.)_ . atM jJ^
JJ—JI, (M,A,) inf. n. as above, (M,) Ood scat-
tered, or dispersed, mankind (M, A) in the
earth. (A.) __y>Ubl jj^ t He disseminated, scat-
tered, or diffused, talk, or speech, (Msb, TA,)

^Ul J>eJ among the people, or mankind, like as
seed is scattered : (TA :) and * »j Jj he did so
much. (Msb.)-—^^}! 0,J->, (M, A,) aor. as
above, (M,) and so the inf. n., (M, K,) \The
land put forth its plants, or herbage, (As, M, A,
K,) in a scattered state : (As, M, A :) or put
/ort/t itsjjj. (M.)^jJv, aor. £ , inf. n. ijtj^,
t 7/e divulged what was secret ; he revealed w/iat
he had heard. (T, L.) = ,Js>, [aor. -,] inf. n.
j Ju, 7/e talked much ; was loquacious. (M.)

2 : see 1, in four places. — jju, inf. n. jjj^j,
also signifies J/e wa« extravagant in expenditure;
and so "j^W> >»fi »• s ji^-» : (TA :) or the former,
Ac dissipated, or squandered, (his wealth, or pro-
perty, S ? M, and any other tiling, M, TA,) by
extravagant expenditure, (S,M,K,TA,) and de-
stroyed, consumed, wasted, or ruined, it : (M, K,
TA : [in the CK, <l/j»- is here put for «Vj*W : in
the M it is ojl-jI :]) or /t« expended his wealth,
or property, *o largely as not to leave of it that
whereby he might subsist : or he expended it in
acts of disobedience : (TA:) or he dissipated, or
squandered, his wealth, or property, in a way
that was not right : (Msb :) or in a way that

did not behoove : it includes the meaning of *_ij-J
in common, or conventional, acceptation, and is
used in the proper sense of this latter verb : or,
as some say, y_ j~j denotes excess in respect of
the right objects of expenditure, which is ignorance
of the [right] manner, and of things that should
prevent it ; and ^itj_>t denotes excess with respect
to quantity, and is ignorance of the values of the

M *#

right objects. (MF.) [See also IjUy.]
3: see 2.

6. jjt*j It became scattered or dispersed; or
much scattered or dispersed. (A.) _ \ It (talk,
or speech,) became much disseminated or scattered
or diffused. (Msb.)

173

jSi (S,M,Msb,K,«cc.) and tJJJ, (M,) the
former either an inf. n. used as a proper subst. or
of the measure JjJ in the sense of the measure
JyLU, (Msb,) Grain that is set apart for
sowing; (Lth, M, K ;) any seed, or grain that is
sown ; as also jji or jjf : (Kh, Msb :) or gram
such as wheat, that is sown; distinguished from
jjj, which is applied to the seed of sweet-smelling
plants and of leguminous herbs : and this distinc-
tion commonly obtains : (Msb :) or [so accord,
to the M, but in the K " and,"] the first that
comes forth, of seed-produce and of leguminous
and other plants, (M, K,») as long as it has but
two leaves: (M :) or jj* signifies any plant, or
herbage, when just come forth from the earth :
(M :) or such as has assumed a colour, (M, K,)
or */town its hind or species: (M :) pi. j^J^ and
jl Js>. (M, K.) — [Hence,] jXi signifies also
t Progeny ; (T, M, K ;) and so * fyX- (M, K.)
One says, *yt jJuJ »3£* 0\ J Verily these are a
jn-ogeny of evil, or an evil progeny. (T, A.*)

j j* : see jj*.

'jXt j Ji> Iy>k5 and tj j^ J S& They dispersed,
or became dispersed, in every direction : (S, M,
K :) [namely, men : and] the like is said of a
man's camels : (S :) } J^> is an imitative sequent
to j Jw : (S :) some say that the v in ^ le former
is a substitute for>» [in jjb» or jj*]', but others
hold that in each case the word is an original.
(TA.)

]±i: see i"Jlju3 Also, (M,£,) and *jlj>rf

and ▼ijUti andtjlj^ and ^^j&tt (K,) tA
man who talks much; loquacious; (M,K;) and
so t ij jj Sj'jj. (IDrd, M) and * ijlj^ ij'J** :
(M :) irrationally, or vainly, or frivolously, loqua-
cious; a great babbler. (TA)— -See also jj.xj.__
jju vaUi [Wheat, or food,] in which is »j\X/,
i. e. increase, redundance, exuberance, plenty, or
abundance. (T,»M,L,K.»)

jJlj jJJi : see j±i jJJI«, above.

ijSi ij J- : see j Jj.

_?j-xJI W/»a< is false, vain, or ineffectual ; syn.
J^gt: (Seer, M, L,K:) [like ^ji-JI :] the
radical idea denoted by it is that of dispersion.
(M,L.)

jjii (S, M, A, K) and * #±1 (M, K) J A man
wAo divulges secrets; (S, M, A;) as also ^jJ>f,
of which the fern, is with S : (L :) or one who
cannot keep his secret: (T, K:) pi. of the first

jXJ. (T, S, M.) Also, both the first and

second, tA calumniator; a slanderer: (K,TA:)
pi. of the former as above. (TA.)

jjj^ is [said to be] an imitative sequent to
j^_. '; (M, K;) like j^', of which it is [held to
be] a dial, var., or a corruption occasioned by
mispronunciation. (Fr, S.) [But I think it is
more probably syn. with Vj^jk**, as signifying
Scattered, or dispersed, like j£j in the sense of
jy-*, &c. ; and that for this reason it is used as
a corroborative of j«— »•] — — See also jj-v.

174

*■ . - u , .

tfjl : sec SjlJ^.

• - - i

ijlj^ Increase, redundance, exuberance, plenty,

or abundance, in wheat, or food. (Lh,* T,* M,

L, K.*) You say, iJUJI 'j^ia >Ui» Wheat, or

food, in which it much increase, &c. (T, TA.)

• •

_ See also jX>-

• •i - * - %0 00

ojl-V, and sometimes " Jjl Jj, (Lh, M,K,) and
* ij&, (AA.) and t ij j£, with ^. (T, K,) t. q.
fiS^J, (M, K,) The dissipating, or squandering,
of wealth, or property, in a way that is not right.
(T,TA.)

SjJtt : sec what next precedes.

I §0 %

Jj* : sco jjy.

90 0§0 i -1 fl *

»jlj^ : sec SjIJuj :— and sec also jj^, in two

places.

■ 0» t

j\JJi : see jjiy.

ijl JlJ A man w/«o dissipates, or squanders, his
wealth, or property, by extravagant expenditure,
and consumes, destroys, wastes, or ruins, it ; (AZ,
S, M,K;) as also 'jju-« and "jil~o and "jJ^
and * SjljJj. (TA.)

jjb-u> : see what next precedes.

-5 * - • 9tt • '•

OL-JI jlj^ro ^jl [or more probably jlj^-o
CjL-JJ | ; Land that yield* increase. (A.)

)}J-~» : sec ^j Jv. __ I Many ; muck ; abun-
dant : (K, TA :) water that is abundant; or
blessed with abundance, plenty, or increase. (A.)

• 3 •' - *

jiL-o : sec Sjl JlJ.
Jjjuj : sec ij\J*.

Jj j^ : sec JJ-y, in two places.

«j>W (Mgh, K) and *Ji^ (K) [in my copy of
the Ms!) erroneously written JyiV] a Persian
word, arabicized ; originally oVt which signifies
Wine : (A'Obcyd, TA :) or juice of grapes cooked
in the least degree, so as to be strong (Mgh,
Msb, K) and intoxicating ; an arabicized word ;
(Msb ;) said to have been introduced by the
Benoo-Umeiych, (TA,) and to have been un-
known to the Prophet ; (Mgh ;) but there is a
trad, of I 'Ab which is understood to mean that
the Prophet forbade what is thus called : (Mgh,
TA :) some assert it to mean that it existed not in
his time ; (TA ;) but this latter assertion is weak.
(Mgh.)
•

JiV : S(,e above, as It is also an imitative

sequent to JjiU-. (K.)

^jSei [meaning A pawn] in the game of chess
is from *i3iQ; (TA;) which latter signifies
footmen, as opposed to horsemen, (AO, K, TA,)
and is an arabicized word, from the Persian,
(AO, TA,) originally oU: (TA :) die pi. of
J j~> is (JiW ! for which a poet uses JjJ^p, as
though he suppressed the ^j [in the sing.], making

!<** — J±t

,jj~t to become ▼ JJ^ : (Ibn-Buzurj, TA :) or,
accord, to El-Kharzenjec, (JK, TA,) • J X( sig-
nifies a guide in a journey; as also Jj^j : (JK,
K,TA :) or [in the CK "and"] small and light
or active: (K,TA:) or, as in the Tckmileh,
(TA,) short and light or active : (JK, TA :) and
its pi. is JjJi (JK, K.)

i»ilrf : see Jj^f.

J*

1. a) JJ, aor. * (S, M,» Msb, K) and - , (M, K,)
inf. n. Jjj, (S, M, Msb, K,) He gave it, and
was liberal, cr bountiful, with it ; he gave it libe-
rally, bountifully, unsparingly, or freely ; (S,
Msb, K, TA ;) he gave it willingly, of his own
free will or good pleasure : (TA :) and he made
it allowable, or lawful, to be taken or possessed or
done, willingly, or of his own free will or good
pleasure : (Msb :) JJ^ is the contr. of «I<. (M.)
[Hence,] a~*,> JJ^ ^y\Le.\i ijU I asked kirn,
and he gave me what he was able to give. (TA.)
[And «v~ij a) J j^. + He gave up himself to, or
spent himself for, him or it ; he gave, or applied,
himselj, or his mind, unsparingly to it, namely,
an undertaking &c. : a phrase of frequent occur-
rence. And »j^»- JJ^, and tj^m *, illc exerted,
or put forth, or expended, unsparingly, or freely,
his power, or ability, or Am inmost power or
ability or endeavour: also of frequent occurrence.]
And J jy«, ^jy*o a) if>ji I A horse that reserves a
portion of his run, and is unsparing with a por-
tion thereof; not putting forth the whole at once:
(TA:) or that lias a run which he reserves [for
the time of need], and a run which he performs
unsparingly : (A in art. j*J* : see jukli, :) and
T JI J^lj Oy° ji try* a horse that hus a running
pace (j-i».) which he has reserved for the time
of need, and a run (jj>c) less quick which he has
performed freely, or without rcscrvation(iij^{\ jJS).
(T.) [In the K these phrases arc given in a
mutilated state, and with a mutilated explanation.])
And a) Si £y» jt±- *>}0O \ His interior state, or
disposition of mind, is better than his apparent
state &c. (TA.) Sec also 8.

5. JJu3 He neglected the preserving of himself
or /*;'* honour or reputation [from disgrace] ; t. q.
^jLa-J! jfjp (S) or Q ym ii\ ; (TA;) he was care-
less of himself or his honour or reputation ; contr.
of i^jLeJ; (Msb in the present art.;) as also
*JJ^>I. (Msb in art. O>-°0 You say, ^Jj j>j£>
JJk~j [He was generous, and was not careless of
his konour or reputation]. (M and L in art. ji_j.)
— \jj£> J^e. ^ JJ^«J, and suj a-ju *JJJ^1 and
<o, He employed his own self in the doing of such
a thing. (T.)

8. JIJw' '9 the contr. of iiU«a ; (M, K ;)
[i. e.] a) Jkil signifies He held it in mean estima-
tion ; namely, a garment or other thing ; (T A ;)
[he was careless of it; he used it, or employed it,
on, or for, ordinary, mean, or vile, occasions, or

purposes ;] he used it for service and work ;

i000§
namely, a garment &c. ; syn. «Uy«UI ; (S, Msb ;)

[Book I.

he wore it (a garment) in times of service and
woi-k ; as also " a! *y ; (Msb, TA ;) or, as IKoot
says, aIJj, [aor. - and - ,] inf. n. ilju and i)Ju,
signifies he did not preserve it, lay it up, take
care of it, or reserve it ; namely, a garment.
(Msb.) Sec also 5, in two places. You say also,
«}.** J J^jI t [He (a horse) performed his run

freely, or without reservation; opposed to ajLo],
(T.) Seel.

10. <JJuZ*t He sought, or demanded, of him a

J I ' 0' *

liberal, free, or willing, gift. (TA.) Andc.)j*.7 A
ILw U^li / asked of such a one that he would
liberally, freely, or willingly, give me a thing. (T.)

* t ,

JJj A thing that is given liberally, freely, or

willingly : an inf. n. [of 1, q. v.], used as a proper
subst. : pi. J s j!f. (Har p. 206.)

** •

a)Ju: see what next follows, :n two places.

i! Ju A garment that is worn (T, S, Msb) in
service, or work; (S, Msb ;) that is not preserved,
laid up, taken care of, or reserved; (T, M, K ;)
as also * il j* (Msb) and t J ju*. (T,) or t il j^»,
(S, M, K,) the pi. of which is JiU : (S :) and
an old and worn-out garment; (TA;) as also
"JJu* and * i!j-« ; (M,K;) the last of which
is mentioned on the authority of AZ, but is dis-
approved by 'Alee ibn-Hamzch, who asserts it

*' *

to be without!: (IB,TA:) aJJu sometimes has

jj* as pi. (TA.) You say, t^Co .J J/& C:U.,

i. c. aDJ^ »_)Uj ^j or ▼ <»-JJu [Such a one came
to us in his gai-ments that he wore in service, or
work]. (S, accord to different copies. [I have
shown that a) Jo and a) jo arc dial, vars., both as
inf. ns. (see 8) and as proper substs.]) The word
ilj^, with fet-h, and with the unpointed *, applied
by the vulgar to [a suit of] new clothes, is a mis-

tike for a) J^, and this is correctly a name for old
and worn-out clothes. (TA. [But this is doubtful;
for a).»j commonly signifies, in modern Arabic, a
change of clothes ; and hence, a suit of clothes,
whether new or old.])—. I J uses it metaphorically,

> 0004 fit 6

in relation to poetry ; saying, ^Iju-j UjI j»yJI
il^Jlj .TJyljtj jC^^I J^i aJJJI ,J *j : [The
metre termed rejez is only used as an aid in the
ordinary, or meaner, business of life, and on the
occasion of doing one's work, and singing to
camel* for the purpose of urging them on, and
performing service of any hind : but in this case
it may be regarded as an inf. n. : see 8]. (M.)

• i - t s<
Jjju : see Jl ju.

W0 00 9 9'

illjo t. q. JJ^ [inf. n. of 1, The act of giving
liberally, &c.]. (TA.)

Jt»V A man wont to give property liberally,
freely, or willingly ; or who so gives it much, or
frequently; as also "JjJ^ (T, TA) [and app.
♦jlJb*o, (like «-L» ,» &c.,) of which tlio pi.

00 S 00 t s

occurs in the following saying], "^iW* >•*
ijuifcjl) [They are very liberally disposed to the
exercise of beneficence, or bounty]. (TA.)

JiV Any one who gives [liberally,] freely, or
willingly. (M.)

Book I.]

• -• *■ 1 • i

J j~» : see iij^, in two places.

a ju* ; and its pi. JiW* : see il±i, in three
places.

Jl jL» ; pi. JjiCi : see JlJv

J j:" J/eW in mean estimation: as in the

t"H tit * • *' ■"„- r Tr . ...

saying, JJ^~» «-»>*} 0>~ * )U L iiw wea«A

is preserved, or tatan fare of, and his honour,

or reputation, is held in mean estimation]. (TA.)

_ t Language, and a proverb, which one is wont

to speak or mention, or which one is fond of

l * ' * \ i
speaking or mentioning. (TA.) — Jj-e 0>*

jj j'j l 5uc/i o one is strong, or sturdy, in the
work in which he employs himself: (T :) or
sliarp, vigorous, or effective, in nature, or dis-
position; one who, when employed in a work,
is found to be strong, or sturdy. (TA.) And
j jj*j » JJ-o w4- { -<1 *word */ta»7>, or penetra-
ting, in tke part with which one strikes. (K,
TA.)

Jji^, (K,) or Ol£, ( M > t 80 in a C0 P V
of that work, accord, to the TT, but this^is pro-
bably a mistranscription,]) Wearing a JJ-*, i. e.
[a garment used in service or work, or] an old
and worn-out garment : (M, K :) and the latter,
[if not a mistranscription for the former,] neglect-
ing the adorning of himself , by way of humility.
(TA, from a trad.) — See also what follows.

jXZ (T, M, K) and *Jj£ (M,K) A man
mho employs kit own self in doing a thing; (T ;)
a man who perforins kis own work. (M, K.) _
See also what next precedes.

1*
1. jii, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. jj£, (T, S,) inf. n.
l\£t (S, M, Msb, K) and Klj* (K,) or the totter
is the original form, but the 5 is elided, as in JU»-,
inf. n. of J^»-, (S,) or tAjj is an inf. n. of the
verb with ., but that of jj* M h&i '> ( IB ») and
some say, (jSj, (T,) which is a dial. var. of the
former, (Msb,) aor. <JJ~i, inf. n. !l jj ; (T in
art. liv ',) He ( a mftn ) wa$ > or became, foul,
unseemly, or obscene [in tongue]; (T,S, M,"K;)
evil in speech ; (T in art. t J* ;) as also $Jj, (T, M,
K, in that art.,) and \Xi, (Msb and K in art. \jj,)
and £$X/ : (K in that art. :) and ^.M he
uttered foul, unseemly, or obscene, speech or lan-
guage. (TA.) And^vJI^oji/^S.M.Msb,*
K,) aor. * , inf. n. {\j* ; (Msb ;) and * C~».M
'^At., (S,Msb,«) orJ^M (M,IB,K.) or
both, (TA,) I uttered foul, unseemly, or obscene,
language against the people, or company of men :
(S, M, K, TA :) or behaved in a lightwitted,
weak, stupid, or foolish, manner, or ignorantly,
towards them; and uttered foul, unseemly, or
obscene, language against tliem ; and so though
with truth. (Msb.) And IJ* also signifies He
(a man) was, or became, evil in disposition. (TA.)

3. (JJV, (S.TA,) inf. n. JliCi, (TA,) [He
vied with another, or strove to surpass him, in
fold, unseemly, or obscene, speech or language:

or he held such discourse with another :] the inf. n.
is syn. with \! »\*». (TA.)
4 : see 1, in two places.

l\X> [inf. n. of 1, used as a subst,] Foul, un-
seemly, or obscene, speech or language. (S, M, K.)

&&, (T, M, Msb,?:,) or cMH i>J, (?,) A
man foul, unseemly, or obscene, in tongue : (T,
S, M,» K:*) or lightwitted, weak, stupid, or
ignorant, in behaviour; and foul, unseemly, or
obscene, in speech; and so though speaking truth:
(Msb:) fem. with S: (S,Msb:) and pi. lZj^\. (T.)

1. ^', [first pers. oj^,] aor. Jl>„, (T, M, Msb,)
j
inf. n. yi, (M,Msb,K,) He was pious [towards

his father or parents, and t towards God ; (see
the explanations of the verb os used transitively ;)
and was hind, or good and affectionate and gentle
in behaviour, towards his kindred ; and kind, or
good, in his dealings with strangers] : (Msb :) he
was good, just, righteous, virtuous, or honest: (T,
Msb :) [or he was amply, largely, or extensively,
good or beneficent :] and he was true, or vera-
cious. (M, Msb, K.) [Authorities differ as to
the primary signification of this verb, and as to
the subordinate meanings : see jt below.] You
say also, *)y ^J> "ji, (Msb, TA,) and *y+i ^,
(S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) first pers. JJjji (T, A,
Mgh,K) and £t£tt (K,) aor. "jZ (M.Msb) and
J4 (M,) inf. n. ^ (S, M,K) and ^, (K,) or
*)3**y (Mfb,) He was true, or veracious, (S,
Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) in his saying, (Msb, TA,)
and in his oath. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) — aX^* ^,
and "Jt, inf. n. ^ and j^ ; and ** I ; [His deed,
or work, was, or proved, good ; or was well, or
sinlessly, performed ;] all signify the same. (M.)

And J^it)t 'ji, i. e. *-*»H> a form of benediction,
said to a person come from pilgrimage, May tfie
deed, or work, i. e. the pilgrimage, have been

sinlessly performed. (TA.) And «%•■ jj, (T, S,
A, Msb, K,) aor. %, (T,) inf. n. ji, (S, Msb,)
* L%, (Fr,T,S,M,¥:,)

or a* j ( T ;) and <

i,t 3

aor. j*j, inf. n. y>; (T;) His pilgrimage was

sinlessly performed: (Sh, T:) or was charac-
terized by the giving of food, and by sweetness
of speech; as explained by Mohammad himself:
was accepted: was rewarded. (TA.) —y., (A,
Msb,K,) aor. % (T,M,I£) and ^', (M, K,)
inf. n. ^ (M, Msb, K) and ^ and j^, (M, K,)
It (a saying, Msb, and an oath, T, A,M,Msb,

K) was, or proved, true. (M, A,* Msb,* K,*

• it • a-

TA.) [See an ex. voce «UI, in art. jil.J — Ciji

rt.TwAi- ^, inf. n. jj, t His commodity, or article
of merchandise, was easy of sale to me, (Aboo-
Sa'eed, T, A,*) and procured me gain : (A :)
originally meaning it recompensed me, by its
high price, for my care of it. (T.) [See also tjj,

below.] =s»jJIj fi, (M,) [and app. »^}yi, (sec
3- * * - * •##

^j,)] first pers. 0,/j (S, M, Msb, K) and Oj^j,

175

i„ i -

(M,K,) aor. j-» (S,M,Msb,K) and j*, (M,

^,) inf. n. y (S, M, Msb, K) and t£o (S, K,

Msb # ) and jjj^J, (Msb,)'/Tc treated, or behaved
towards, his father with filial piety, duty, or
obedience; (TA;) or nntA ample obedience; (B;)
the inf. ns. signifying the contr. of Jy^ : (S,
M, A, K :) he treated, or behaved towards, his
father with good obedience, and with gentleness,
or courtesy, striving to do the things that were
pleasing to him, and to avoid what were dis-
pleasing to him. (Msb.) And [hence, app., for
accord, to the A it is tropical,] dSiU. #, (S,) or

Zj, (A,) aor. % (S, A,) inf. n. Jj ; (T, S, M,

K ;) and t ijJ^J ; (S, K ;•) I He obeyed his

Creator, or At* Lord ; (S, M,* A, K ;•) [was

pious towards Him;] served Him; rendered

religious service to Him : (TA :) or rendered

Him ample obedience : the obedience here meant

is of two kinds ; namely, that of belief and that

of works : and both these kinds are meant by
- ••*

^Jt in the Kur ii. 172. (B.) [And app. C>*

U»0j, or lijJy, She behaved with maternal affec-
tion towards her child, or offspring. (See ^>.)]

And <£, (M,) and iU»j '#, (T,) first pers. O if i,

j
(T, M,) inf. n.^, (T,M, ^,) He behaved towards

him, and towards his kindred, or relations, with
kindness, or goodness and affection and gentle-
ness, and regard for his, or their, circumstances ;
syn. aLo') [and J^U.j] i (T, M, K :) such is
said to be the signification of the verb as use
in the Kur lx. 8. (M,B,TA. [See also 3.])

And t'iCti yj 4SI f God is merciful to his servants :

(M, TA :) or '»#, inf n. ji, said of God, means
He recompensed him, or rewarded him, for his
obedience. (B, TA.) [I jij £ (occurring in the
S and K in explanation of IJJ^ aAIbJI) may be
rendered He showed kindness, &c, to hitn by
such a thing, or such an action, &c. : and also
he presented him with such a thing; like aLoj

\jJLt.] *i^- M *, (T, S, Msb,) aor. ^,

(Msb,) inf. n. ^, (S,) or ] } 'jJi, (Msb,) God
accepted his pilgrimage ; (S, Msb ;) as also
♦ i^t : (T, S, M, Msb :) the latter alone is allowed

by Fr : (M, TA :) [though *LL jv and *Uc,
mentioned above, are well known ; as is the pass,
part. n. j}j**, which see below :] and one says,
[in like manner,] Hi* 4&T t^| [Q d accepted
his deed, or work, as good ; approved it]. (M.)

See also 4, in three places. =ji, (TK,) inf. n.

y,, (S, K,) He drove sheep or goats : (IAar,
S, K :) or ke called them. (Yoo.) [See also ^
below.]

3. 7jKj, inf. n. SjCa, He behaced towards him
with kindness, or goodness and affection and
gentleness, and regard for his circumstances ; or
he did so, experiencing from him the same beha-
viour; syn. of the inf. n. iib^U. (S and K in
art. UlU : but only the inf. n. is there mentioned.
[Sec also 1.])

4. *JU* wl : sec 1. = *•-•. jfo and <d«* :
sec 1, near the end of the paragraph J^ill jjt,

176

(Msb,) and 'ot^\, (T, M, A, Mgh, M ? b, K,)
He executed, or performed, the laying, and the
oath, truly. (M, A, Mgh, M ? b, K.) Accord, to
EI-Ahmar, one also says, ^^Is t ojJ ; but

none other asserts this. (T, TA.) ^,'» •&T*',

(T, TA,) inf. n. jl^.1 ; and *£, inf. n. # ; God
verified his oath. (TA.)_o"& J^J o$ ]*<
Such a one assented, or consented, to the conjure-
Html o/"*ur/» a one: *i*.l signifies " lie assented
not," or " consented not, thereto." (T, TA ) —
-***i* >'» (9, M, K,) inf. n. as above, (T, TA,)
lie overcame them : (T, S, M, K :) he subdued
them, or overcame them, by good or other actions;
(TA;) by actions or sayings; (TA ;) as also
****> aor. j* : (T, K, TA :) fa was refractory,
or stubborn, and overcame them. (TA, from a
trad.) You say, 4+lL ^ ^1 [// c owrcamc
Am «aW.tary]. (A.) And \ji J^ "^\ [He
overcame them in evil] : nnd hence J^l is used
in the sense of jLs [he transgressed, fee.] ; as
in tlie Baying of a poet,
_ •* » • .. a. I • , A , ,,.

[Then I care not who acts wickedly and who
transgresses]. (IAar, M.) mm^fi [from %] He
rode, or journeyed, upon the land. (ISk,S,A,
K.) Opposed tOjalyl. (A.)

or of the former, B) j£: ($, M, M ? b, K:) the
former pi. is often specially applied to saints,
those who abstain from worldly pleasures, and
devotees; and the latter, to the recording angels.
(B.) You say, ijaJt^ # U1, and * ;W, J am
characterized by filial piety, dutifulness, or obe-
dience, to my father : (S, M, A :•) the latter is
mentioned on the authority of Kr; but some

[Book I.

'isallowit. (M,TA.) And UjJ^ fyJW [The
mother is maternally affectionate to Iter child, or
offspring], (S.) And *^ljj ^ # JlJ, and

"• if? [■"* affected, or endeavoured to charac-
terize himself by, '^, i. e. filial piety, &c.l

V*' t5f ^JJ** •** Thou Aa»< abstained from
crime, or *m, or the like, in our affair, or business,
or cam. (T, TA.) = iJUU. Jy • see 1.

6. I^jLj They practised mutual # [meaning
kindness, or goodness and affection and gentleness,
and regard for each other's circumstances]. (S.)

R. Q. 1. ftjt, inf. n. l##, He talked much,
and raised a clamour, or confused noise, (M, K,)
with his tongue: (M :) he cried, or cried out,
(9. K,) and talked in anger, (8,) or talked con-
fusedly, with anger and aversion. (TA.) And
*?*■ (.5? X* «• wa * profuse and unprofitable
in his talk. (Fr.) — Also, inf. n. as above, He
(a goat) utfererf a cry or cries, [or rattled,] (M,
K,) ictn^ excitai ty a*«'re o/ the female. (M.)

>■ [originally^*'] (M, Msb,$) and tjg(Msb)
Pious [towards his father or parents, and J to-
wards God; X obedient to God, serving God, or
rendering religious service to God; (see 1 ;) and
kind, or good and affectionate and gentle in
behaviour, towards his kindred; and good in kis
dealings with strangers] ; good, just, righteous,
virtuous, or honest : (Msb :) true, or veracious :
(M, Msb, K :) and both signify also abounding in
# [or filial piety, &c] : (K:) the former is [said
to be] a stronger epithet than the latter, like as
jj» if stronger than JjW: (B:) [but its pi.
shows that it is not, like Jj*, originally an
inf. n. : it is a regular contraction of J^, like
as j\i is of jjh :] the fem. of each is with t : (Lh,
M :) the pi. (of the former, S, M, Msb, or of the
latter, B) is jljyl ; and (of the latter, 8, M, Msb,

"j^, A man who behaves towards his kindred
with kindness, or goodness and affection and gen-
tleness, and regard for their circumstances. (T.)

Ant l j- fi J*»j A man who treats with goodness
and affection and gentleness, and rejoices, or

gladdens, his brethren : pi. £fo^ J,^. (S,» K,»
TA, in art. ^w.) And jy ,y £, and o** .V,
and t ^ JVwe, or veracious, in a saying, and in
an oath. (Msb.) And l£ ^J and *ljV [A
true oath ; or an oath that proves true]. (Ham
p. 811.) Jjl is also a name of God; (M,KL;)
meaning t The Merciftd, or Compassionate :
(M :) or the Very Benign to his servants ;
(IAth;) the Ample in goodness or beneficence:
(B :) jUI is not so used. (IAth.) It is said in
a trad., J^ ijj £ji yiJ^W j y l ■■■»» t H r ipe yowr-
*e/»e* w'</* t/te rf««f, or earM, [in performing the
ceremony termed ^£jl,] /or A u benignant
towards you, like as the mother is to her children ;
meaning, ye are created from it, and in it are
your means of subsistence, and to it ye return
after death : (IAth :) or the meaning is, that your
tents, or houses, arc upon it, and ye are buried in
it. (M.) =jj Land; opposed to ja^ [as mean-
ing "sea" and the like] : (S, Msb, £ :) from ^
signifying " amplcness," "largeness," or "cx-
tensiveness;" (Esh-Shihab [El-Khafajee], MF;)
or the former word is the original of the latter.
(B, TA. [See the latter word.]) [Hence, ij^j jj
By land and by sea.] — A desert, or deserts; a
waste, or wastes. (T, TA. [See also 3£j, voce
\Jst-1) So> accord, to Mujahid [and the Jel] in
words of the l£ur [vi. 59], jL^\^ jjl ^ U ^Jby j
And He knoweth what is in the desert, or deserts,
and the towns, or villages, in which is water, (T,
TA,) or which are upon the rivers. (Jel.) [So
too in the phrase Jjl «£»C The plants, or herbage,
of the desert or waste; the wild plants or herbage.
And Jjl J-lft Honey of the desert; wild honey.

And jj\ o!***- The animal, or animals, of the

desert; t/te wild animal or animals.] A wide

tract of land. (Bd in ii. 41.) [The open

country; opposed to j^—> as meaning the
" cities," or " towns," ".upon the rivers :" see the
latter word.] _* Elevated around, open to view.
(T.)— The tract, or part, out of doors, or where
one is exposed to view; contr. of ^£» : used by
the Arabs indeterminately; [without the article
Jl ;] as in the phrase, Q J. 'j U (Lth, T) mean-
ing I sat outside the house ; (A ;) and £ vi-^-j*.

(Lth, T) meaning I went forth outside the [house
or] town, (A,) or into the desert : (TA :) but [Az
says,] these are post-classical phrases, which I
have not heard from the chaste-speaking Arabs of
the desert. (T.) — You say also, & Ju^'j \^. J^l
i" desire concealment, or secrecy, and he desires
publicity. (A.)

j* Wheat; and the grain of wheat; syn. t ,*,
(§/ Msb,) or iiJL^(M,K;;) but it is a more
chaste word than ^i and ILL.-. (M:) pi. of

<>J* i (?» M ;) or [rather] l^ is the n. un. [sig-
nifying a grain of wheat, like tm 'J] : (IDrd,
Msb:) the pi. of^' is Jljjl- (K ; ) r this pi. is
allowable on the ground of analogy, accord, to
Mbr, but is disallowed by Sb. (S.) It is said in
a prov., (TA,) £' ^ ^J) ^ [He, or it, is
shorter than a grain of wheat]. (A, TA.) And
you say, S^ ^| C^ikl He fed us with bread.
(A.)

1

ji inf. n. of 1: (T, S, M, &c. :) it is said by

some to signify ^nmKrWy^Ampleness, largeness, or
exiensiveness ; whence "^ as opposed to JJLj :
then, — Benevolent and solicitous regard or treat-
ment or conduct [to parents and others ; i.e. piety
to parents; and \ towards God]: and goodness,
or beneficence : and kindness, or good and affec-
tionate and gentle be/taviour, and regard. for the
circumstances of another : (Esh-Shihab [El-Kha-
fajee], MF :) or ^', as opposed to J^, [or as
signifying "a wide tract of land," (Bd in ii.41,)]
is the original of jj, (Bd in ii. 41, B, TA,) which
signifies ample, large, or extensive, goodness or
beneficence, (Z, in the Ksh, ii. 41, [but he regards
it as the original of %,] and Bd on the same
passage, and B, K, TA,) to men; (TA;) or com-
prehending every kind of goodness: (Ksh and
Bd ubi supra:) and hence it is said to be in three
things : tn the sei-vice of God: in paying regard
to relations; acting well to them : and in dealing
with strangers : (Bd ubi supra :) or every deed
that is approved: (Ksh and Bd in ii. 172:) and
[particularly] obedience to God: (T, S, M,&c:
[see also fy :]) [and every incumbent duty : and
hence,] the pilgrimage to Mehkeh: (K:) and
fidelity to an engagement : (TA :) also a gratui-
tous gift, or favour; and a bounty, or benefit ;
syn. Jii; (Msb;) and ,jCl.\; as also *|J^
[an inf. n., but when used as a simple subst. its
pi. is j£ and Ol^*]. (Har p. 94.) In die Kur
[ii. 172], where it is said, J^ iyA i?» Jjl &£J,
by jJI is meant ^Jl Ii [i.'e.But the pious,' or
obedient to God, is he who believeth in God] ; (T,
M, Ksh, Bd, Jel ;) and some read Jut : (Ksh,
Bd, Jel :) or the meaning is, £ys\ Cy j* j^\ oHi
Jbb i. e. but the obedience of which it behoovcth
one to be mindful is the obedience of him who
believeth in God: (Sb, T, I J, M, Ksh, Bd :) and
this explanation is preferable to the former. (Bd.)
It is said in a prov., (T, S.) ^ O- U» J^' %
(?,A,K, but in the T and M U is put in the
place of *),) meaning He knows not him mho dis-
likes him, or hates him, from him who behaves

Book I.]

towards him with kindness, or goodness and affec-
tion and gentleness, and regard for his circum-
stances : (S, M, A, K,* TA :) or undutifid conduct
to a parent from gentleness, or courtesy : (El-
Fes&rcc, T, K :) or altercation, (T,) or dislike, or
hatred, (K,)from honourable treatment : (T, K :)
or the calling of sheep, or goats, from the driving
of them : (I Aar, S, £ :) or the driving of sheep,
or goats, from the calling of them : (Yoo, T :) or
the calling of them to water from the calling of
them to fodder; (K ;) which last rendering is
agreeable with an explanation of ^by I Aar [men-
tioned in the T] ; (TA ;) and ♦ jjjj, also, has

the signification here assigned to jf : (K,* TA :)
or iji^Jt from S^JI ; (A 'Obeyd, T, K ;) i. e.
the crying of sheep from the crying of goats :
(A 'Obeyd, T :) or the cat from the rat, or mouse :

(I Aar, T, M, K :) and Jj also signifies the [species
of rat called] ±jL: (Aboo-Talib, T, K:) or a
small animal resembling the rat or mouse : (M :)
and the young of the fox. (K.) — Also Qood,
as a subst., not an adj. ; syn. j^A, ; (Sh, T, Mgh,
Msb, $;) which comprises all that has been said
in explanation of^ (Sh, T, Mgh) as used in the
saying of Mohammad, \J^i «viU Jj-alv ./•»■«**
"fi\ ^j\ [Keep ye to truth ; for it guides to good,
.or to a good, or right, state] : some render it in
this instance by^>JI ; and some, by «>^UJ1. (Sh,
T.) It signifies also The good of the present life,
consisting in spiritual and worldly blessings, and
of that which is to come, consisting in everlasting
enjoyment in Paradise: bo in the ]£ur iii. 80:
(T :) or [simply] Paradise. (K.) — Also The
heart; or the mind. (r>.) So in tho saying,
Jjt ^j- j u - y» [lie is quiet, or at rest, in heart,
or mind]. (TA.)

ijf a subst. in the sense of jj\, (S, M, ]£,)
meaning Obedience [&c] ; (K ;) determinate, (S,
I£,) being a j>roper name ; for which reason, com-
bined with its being of the fern, gender, it is
imperfectly decl. (M.) [It is opposed to jUj.
See a verse of En-Nubighah in the first paragraph
of art. J*-..]

jlfl [a coll. gen. n.] The fruit of the Jljl [q. v.],
(S, M,) in a general sense : (M :) or the first
thereof; (K ;) [i.e.] the first that appears, or
when it first appears, and is sweet : (M :) or
when it has become hard : (Msb :) or when it is
larger in its berries (v^-*-) than such as is termed
»l>L~a, mid smaller in its clusters; having a
round, small, hard stone, a little larger than the
,>*»»- ; its cluster filling the hand : (AHn, M :)
n. un. with 5. (AHn, S, M, Msb.)

jjj^ A good, sweet, or pleasant, word or expres-

■

sion or saying: (K:) from ^ signifying " bene-
volent and solicitous regard or treatment or con-
duct." (TA.)

8—

iiSH Qf> or belonging to, or relating to, the

land as opposed to the sea or a great river

An J Of, or belonging to, or relating to, the desert
or waste ; growing, or living, or produced, in the
desert or waste; wild, or in an uncultivated state.— _

nk. i.

And hence,] lijt ^jl Uncultivated land ; with-
out seed-produce, and unfruitful; without green
herbs or leguminous plant* and without waters;
contr. of &i). (IAar, M, &.*) And, simply,
▼££;, (S, M, A, Msb, $,) and *Oup, (A'Obeyd,
IAar, Sh,S, K.) the latter a variation of the former,
the (_$ being made quiescent, and the S therefore

being changed into C», as in C^ijia, originally

*. . 8- ' '

iiji*, (S,) a rel. n. from #, (Sh, T, Msb,) A

desert; a waste; a spacious tract of ground
without herbage; syn. i\jm~o: (8,M, A, Msb,
K :) [see also jt :] or a tract nearer to the desert
(Jjl) than it is to water: (Sh, T:) [but some
write the latter word t Cjjj ; and it is said that]
<Z*4ji, (T and K in art. Ctji,) of the same measure
as £*JLij (K in that art.,) signifies flat, even, or
level, land : (T, K :) or a barren, fiat, even, or
level, land : a poet says,

[A barren, fiat land, after which is a second
barren, fiat land] : (T :) ISd says that <Z~>y>, in
a poem of Ru-beh, [from which the ex. given
above is probably taken,] is of the measure >Z~S*i

from jJ\ ; and that art. 0>j is not the place in
which it should be mentioned : (TA :) Lth says,
C~>jJI is a noun derived from <l>jJ1 ; the (j;
becoming quiescent, and the » becoming an inse-
parable O, as though it were a radical letter, as
in the case of ajjac, which thus becomes ■£~>j»£- :

(T, TA :) the pi. of Su^ is ^fJji ; and that of w^>
'» <^i^ji- (§•)

ajjj and c-j^j and

see^^.

j\ji as signifying A possessor of jj, i. e. wheat,
though agreeable with prevailing analogy, is not
allowable, not being sanctioned by usage. (Sb,
M.)

■ jil^f External ; or outward: apparent; pub-
lic. (T.) Hence the saying of Selman, (T,) ^t
'4$ &\ liif .vWr*. ^~UI (T, A, K) Whoso

mahcth his inner man (<u^»_>) to be good, God

will make his outward man (•UjJ'jIlfc) to be good.

is- .

(T.) ^5*!^ is a rel- n., irregularly formed, (K,)

from jt signifying "elevated ground, open to

view ;" and ^j\y*., from y-> signifying " any
low, or depressed, part of the ground." (T.)
You say, ^jjJt vM 1 >-"-"^ Se opened the
outer door. (A.)

W#y (?« ^») or Jilfrt ( M S n » M ? b >) [a coll. gen.
proper name, of which the n. un., or rel. n., is

\Sj4}*>\ a f 01 ^'? 11 word, (S,) [probably of African
origin, the primary form of which is the source
of Bapfiapot, ice.,] arabicized; (Msb;) or, as some
say, from ijjff in speech ; (TA ; [see R. Q. 1 ;])
and i^ljJI, (S, M, Msb, K,) Uie pi. of j£, (K,)

or o{ jjjJ\, (Msb,) [or of {Jjiji, agreeably with
what follows and with analogy,] the S being
added because the sing, is a foreign word, or [so

177

in the M and TA, but in the S " and,"] a rel. n.,
(S, M,) but it may be elided ; [so that one may
say ^>tjjl ;] (S ;) A certain people, (S, M, Mgh,
Msb, '&,) of the inhabitants of El-Maghrib [or
Northern Africa west ofEgypt],(M.gh,* Msb,K,*)
like the Arabs of the desert in hardness, and coarse-
ness, or rudeness, (Mgh,* Msb,) and in slightneu
of religion, and littleness of knowledge: (Mgh:)
and another people, [the Colobi mentioned by
Diodorus Siculus and Strabo,] between the Abys-
sinians and the Zinj, who amputate [the glans of]
the penis, and make it a dowry for a wife. ($.)
[There are various opinions of the origins of these
races. The appellation of i^l^JI, sing. ~\Jj*ji, >«
also applied by late historians, and in the present
day, to The races inhabiting the portion of the
valley of the Nile which we commonly call Nubia.]

9,tJ * '6'

XX i see j^.
« . S

jftf'- sce^.

^jjjji : see jy_»V : — Bn o 8ce a ' so -KK> ,n two
places.

jCjj One mho talks much, and raises a clamour,
or confused noise, (M, K,) with his tongue : (M :)
7vho cries, or cries out, (S, K,) and talks in
anger, (S,) or talks confusedly, with anger and
aversion : (TA :) who vociferates much ; (TA ;)

as also tjty : (^ :) and '(JX^ signifies one who
talks much and unprofitably. (Fr.) — j^jJI The
lion; as also * jto*d\l (K=) because of the con-
fused noise that he makes, and his aversion and

anger. (TA.) jtyj ^i A bucket that makes a

noise (M, K) in the water. (M.)

jyjj What is termed yf" *- ['• c - coarsely-
ground flour, &c], (M, CK, [in MS. copies of
the ]£, and of the S also, ^ . yt .— , which is evidently
a mistranscription,]) of wheat. (S, M, ]£.)

S- S-

jV( ; fern, with I : see jj, in five places.

ji\ [accord, to analogy signifies More, and
most, pious &c. : see ^. But the only meaning
that I find assigned to it in any of the lexicons is
that here following. =] More, and most, distant
in the desert, (T, $,) as to habitation. (T.) So

ft Jti-E - - * - ft*

in the saying, j&j*\ — ■>*" r" ■*' *he most chaste
in speech of the Arabs are the most distant of

them in the desert, as to habitation. (T, K.* [In

> - • I
the latter, instead of •»— <ai1, we find »JU>I.])

3 >

j~» One mho overcomes. (TA.) [See 4.] —

Jiij^ j~ti *j\ means Verny lie is a'prudent, or
sound, manager of tliat ; syn. <0 1xjU>. (M, IC.*)

•s-- *

iy-t : see jj.

j)^*, applied to a pilgrimage, Sinlessly per-
formed: (Sh,T, Mgh :) or characterized by the
giving of food and by smeetness of speech; as

explained by Mohammad himself: accepted : re-

% j I* • »•*
marded. (TA.) j>»-U i }j~e [Thou art accepted,

• tt. # ;• -
or approved, and rewarded] and \jy+.\*» 'j^-«

[Go thou accepted, or approved, and rewarded]

are forms of benediction : the former, of the dial.

23

178

of Temeem ; oJI being understood : the latter,
Of the dial, of the people of El-Hijaz ; 4~*3'

being understood. (M.) Applied to a sale,

Truly and honestly executed. (Sh, T, Mgh.)

\#

*• <$JHt [ aor - '- j >nf. n. generally yj or »ij^,]
//« wa.t, or became, clear, or free, of, or from,
a thing ; in the manners which will be explained
below : (Bd ii. 51 :) he KfU, or became, in a
ttate of freedom or immunity, secure, or safe.
(T.) [Hence,] ,>^J| ^ £y, and %, (T, Msb,)
aor. -; and j^, aor.*; (Msb;) inf. n. &: (T,
Msb:) or ,>^»JI o-» ik*. inf. n. \£, with
clamm ; and the people of El-Hijiiz say £, inf. n.
Jtf, with fet-h: (S :) accord, to As, ,>• aJ
tHJj^JI is of the dial, of Temeem ; and (^ of the
dial, of the people of El-Hijdz : or, accord, to
AZ, the people of El-Hij;iz say \Ji ; and the rest
of the Arabs say ,^/y : (T:) or \Jf [alone], said
of a sick man, aor. ' and-'; and^/j; and 5^;
inf. n. Iji [probably a mistranscription for SjJ]
and 5^ : or, accord, to Lb, the people of El-
Hijnz say £, aor. '- , inf. n. £ and \'Ji [i. e.
b*] > ond the people of El-'Aliyeh, [\#,] aor. - ,
inf. n. \ji and * Sft ; and Temeem, {$^, [aor. - ,]
inf. n. \# and & : (M :) or iji, (K,) said by
IRK to be tlio most chaste form, (TA,) aor. - ,
(K») agreeably with analogy, (TA,) and '- , (K,)
said by Zj to be the only instance of a verb of
the measure Jjii with . for its last radical letter
having its aor. of the measure JjUj, [though
others mention also US, aor. \ JL, and U*. aor.
$iyi,] and asserted to be a bad form, (TA,)
inf. n. *.ji and igjj ; and \'^, (£,) not a chaste
form, (TA,) aor. ' ; and £f£, (K,) a chaste
form, (TA,) [and the most common of all,]
aor. ^ inf. n. £ and j^', (K, TA,) or £J, (CK1,)
and \yji ; (£, TA ;) He became free from the
disease, sickness, or malady: ('£:) or [he recovered
from it :] he became convalescent ; or sound, or
healthy, at tlie close of disease, but mas yet weak;
or fie recovered, but not completely, his health
and strength; syn. lii ; (M,£;) i. e., he ac-
quired that slight degree of soundness, or health,
which comes at the close of disease, but with
disease remaining in him. (TA.) [And }cJ>
«y«)Jt, or \ji, The wound healed; or became in
a healing slate: of frequent occurrence.] And
j**W O^ {Sftt f tn c only form of the verb used in
this case, and in the other cases in which it is men-
tioned below,] aor. - and '- , the latter extr., (M,
£,) or rather it is very strange, for IKoot says
that j^i, aor. j^i, and J-ai, aor. J^, are
the only instances of this kind, (TA,) inf. n.
!$# (M,£) and :£ (Lh, M,$) and &, (M,)
or %, (K, TA,) or ?j^ ; (C£ ;) and t fa ■ (g,.
M,J£, Mgh;*) [He was, or became, free from
the thing, or affair; or clear, or quit, thereof;
clear of having or taking, or of having had or

taAen, any part therein ; guiltless of it : and
also, irresponsible for it ; as in an ex. q. v. voce
t^La* :] said in relation to [a fault or the like,
and] a debt, and a claim, and religion [&c.].
(Lh,M.) Yousay,^4ito-^,(Mgh,Msb,)
or y**», (§,) inf. n. li\#, (Mgh,) He was,
or became, free (Msb) [from the fault, defect,
imperfection, blemu-h, or vice], (Mgh, Msb,) [or
faults, &c.]. (S.) And ^'JJI ^ ^, (T,

Mgh, Msb,) or £j**H, (?,) aor. - , (T, Msb,)
inf. n. 5;l^>, (T, Mgh, Msb,)' He was, or became,
clear, or quit, of the debt; (or debts; S;) irre-
sponsible for it [or them] : or in a state of im-
munity with respect to it [or them] ; i. e., exempt
from the demand thereof. (Msb.) And $y
^r-,<f*. &\> inf - n - *Ui and flji (Lh,M)
and 3^, [lf« »wa», or became, clear, or ^uiV, ro
<Aee, q/" jAy c/atm, or rfwe, or r/aAf ; or exempt
from the demand thereof;] as also * fa. (M.)
And o^* Im «i0{ C-J>J, inf. n. S.j^', [J was,
or became, or have become, clear, to thee, of having
or taking, or o/ having had or f aAen, any part with
such a one ; or, irresponsible to thee for such a
one.] (AZ,T,S:« [in one copy of the S, I find
the phrase OU« C~»^>, commencing the art ; but
not in other copies :]) this is the only form of the
verb used in this case, and in relation to debt [and
the like]. (AZ, T.) — He removed himself, or
lte pt,far, or aloof, [from unclean things, or tilings
occasioning blame ; followed by ^y», with which
it may be rendered he shunned, or avoided;]
syn. tjjj and jktU. (T.) [You say, ^>* ^^j
jl Ji'iJI He removed himself, or kept, far, or
°loof> from unclean things.] _ He manifested
an excuse, [or asserted himself to be clear or quit
or irresponsible, like I tj-3,] and gave warning ;
syn. jjxl and jjJl. (T.) Hence, in the Blur
[ix. 1], **yj} <*M O-* •»!* -A manifestation of
excuse, and a warning, from Ood and his apostle.
(T.)r- JJUJt &" \ji, (Fr, T, S, M, £,) or ii«JUJ»,
(Msb,) aor.-' , (T, M, &c.,) inf. n. l^ (T,S, M,
KI) and Sjj^, (AZ, Lh, M, Kl,) Co^ created
mankind, or tAe beings, or things, that are created,
syn. Jii., (Fr, T, M, Msb, Kl,) «/kr no «»ntii-
tude, or morfrf, (TA,) [6m<, properly, though not
always meaning so, out of pre-existing matter;
for] Bd says [in ii. 51] that the primary meaning
of the root »# is to denote a thing's becoming
clear, or free, of, or from, another thing ; cither
by being released [therefrom], as in L Ju>JI L *<J
f-f>« i>f and **!> »>• uy. J^ 1 [l>oth sufficiently
explained above] ; or by production [therefrom],
as in D**" v>»»' *• l^ [Gorf produced, or
created, Adam, from, or out o/", efoy]. (TA.)
This verb relates to substances [as in the exs.
given above] and to accidents ; and hence, [in
the E>r lvii. 22,] Ulj^i ^,1 jlj ^ [Before our
creating it, if U refer to Z.^ae, preceding it;
but, as Bd 6ays, it may refer to this, or to ^j^t,
or to »^-iil] : (M :) but ijJ\ has a more particular
application than j^JUJI; the former being par-
ticularly applied to the creation of animate beings,

[Book I.

with few exceptions: you say, *\' -'I il»T iJ
\jO}}\} Ol^»-JI JUjfcj [Ood created, or produced,
man, or the soul, and He aeated the heavens
and the earth]. (TA.) [To this verb, or perhaps
to \Jjj, or to both, N"}3 is the Hebrew equiva-
lent, properly (though not necessarily always) sig-
nifying " he created out of pre-existing matter,"
or " he fashioned."]

2. »1u, inf. n. 53.J : see 4, in four places.
[Hence,] aS^JI ^ The •Jj </ia< «toii« in a general
manner, absolutely, or ^o tAc uttermost; i. e. Me
">) that is a unhersal negative. (Mughnee &c.)
— Also He verified his being free [from a thing],
clear, or quit, [of it,] guiltless [of it], or irrespon-
sible [for it]. (Mgh, TA.)

3. ;f,W, (T,?,M,Mgh,K,) inf. n. Ilju (T,
M, Mgh) and tfjv, (M,) jffj »/«jrf« Aim (his co-
partner) free, clear, quit, or irresponsible, the
latter doing to him the same : (Mgh :) he com-
pounded, or wiarfe a compromise, with him (his
hired man, T, M) for their mutual separation :
(M :) he separated himself from him (his co-
partner, S, O), the latter doing the same. (S, O,

K.) And J^yJI Olj^ / became free, clear, quit,
or irresponsible, to the man, he becoming so to
me. (M.) And SI> (,»*, (T, M, K,) or *<£,
(S,) inf. n. as above, (M,) He compounded, or
made a compromise, with the woman (or his wife,
S) for their mutual separation; (M,K;) i.e.
he divorced her for a compensation [which she
was to make him, such as her giving up a
portion of her dowry remaining due to her, in
order that t/iey might be clear, each of the other] :
it occurs also [without .] in art. ^j^. (TA.)

4. »\jf\ He (God, S, M,K) [recovered him, or]

restored him to convalescence, (M,K,) ^ei^S\ ryt

[from the disease, sickness, or maladvl. CS. - ) _
»« . .t.u ,15, cj v. /

j**)* Of *W a "d f ^ (M,K») He (i. e.
God,TA) made thee, pronounced thee, or held thee,
or hath made thee, &c, or may He make thee, &.c.,
to be free from the thing or affair, or clear or
quit thereof, or guiltless t/iereof, or irresponsible
for it ; (TA ;) [or .He acquitted thee, or Aat A
acquitted thee, or may 7/c aa/uir r/tec, thereof;
or 2fe showed thee, or Aa/A showed thee, or may
//« *Aoro <Aee, ro be free from it, &c. : see also 2,
above :] said in relation to [a fault or the like,
and] a debt, and a claim, and religion [&c.].
(M.) You say, ^it ^ ti5£ J TOaa ^ ^ tTO>
pronounced him, or AeW A»m, <o Je /ree /rom
the fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice.
(Msb.) It is said in the Klur [xxxiii. 60], *»fa
iyi3 C« ii>T (M) But Ood showed him to be
clear of that which they said. (Bd.) You say

• i , J it.ot

also, Oi^i\ 4>» 451^1 / made him, pronounced
him, or AeW Aim, to be clear, or quit, of the
debt; irresponsible for it; or in a state of im-
munity with respect to it; i. e., exempt from
the demand thereof: (Msb :) and J £• ijjjf

*f J * 'if*" • b •* '

*-U ; and » 4jl^., inf. n. a^J ; [I acquitted him

of that which he owed me :] (S :) and ajI^I
[alone] I made him, pronounced him, or held
him, to be clear, or quit, of a claim that I Imd

Book I.]

upon him, or a due or right that he owed me.
(Mgh.)»ljyl [in the T (as on the authority of
Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybanee) ij^] He entered
upon [the night, or day, called] .IjJI, q. v. (K.)

5 : see 1, in three places. <cu I^-j also signifies
He asserted himself to be free from it; or clear,
or quit, of it; namely, a fault, or the like.
(Mgh.) [And He declared himself to be clear of
him ; to be not connected, or implicated, with him ;
he renounced him : Bee Kur ii. 101 and 102, &c:]

6. 0lJU3 We separated ourselves, each from
the other. (TA.) [See 3.]

10. \j^\, (T.) or J^ll cy> \jf*\, (Msb,) He

tooh extraordinary pains, or the utmost pains,

in cleansing the orifice of his penis from the

remains of urine, by shaking it and pulling it

and the like, until he knew that nothing remained

in it : (T :) or he purified, or cleansed, himself

from urine; syn. <Cc »j£: (Msb:) or tj-i-t,

(M,) or 'J* jjl l^ZJ, (K, TA,) signifies he took

extraordinary pains, or the utmost pains, in

cleansing the penis from urine ; or he cleansed

it entirely from urine ; (M,* K,* TA ;) and so
»#« * * •* *

j-jm)\ tj~->t: and in like manner, *-j*)l Ol^wt

said of a woman : (El-Mundwce, TA :) but the

lawyers make a distinction between l\j*S->\ and

;U;.v .1 [which are made syn. in the M and K] :

00 *0 i

see the latter word. (TA.)_Aml <b^UJt j^~->l,
(T,S,Mgh',) or i\%}\, (M,MBb,K,) He abstained
from sexual intercourse (T, M, K) with the
girl whom he hnd purchased or whom he had
taken captive, (T,) or with tlic woman, (M,K,)
until she had menstruated (T, M, K) at his abode,
once, and then become purified : (T:) the mean-
ing is, (T,) he sought to find her free from
■pregnancy. (T, Mgh, Msb.) — Hence, (Mgh,)
.^1 i^S-t, (Z, Mgh, Msb,) orj^t, (TA,) He
Si arched, searched out, or sought to find or discover,
the uttermost of the thing, or affair, <7<, Mgh,
Msb, T A,) in order that he miglit know it, (Mgh,)

to put an end to his doubt. (Z, Mgh, Msb,TA.)

* * • .. t t*»*t
You say, Jju» U Ot/~-t [I searched, or sought

to find or discover, or i" have scarclied, &c, the
uttermost of what thou hast, of knowledge &&].

(S, TA.) And ^uJU jL' 3 Ui I J^» J»j< L«M
[He searched the uttermost of such a land and
found not his stray beast]. (TA.) It is said
in the Expos, of the J ami' es-Sagheer that
i\j^L*\ is an expression denoting The seeking, or
seeking leisurely and repeatedly, to obtain know-
ledge of a thing, until one knows it; considering
it with the endeavour to obtain a clear knowledge
of it ; taking, in doing so, the course prescribed
by prudence, precaution, or good judgment.
(Mgh.)

51^ A hunter's lurking-place or covert : (T, S,

M, K :) pi. <Jt- (T, S, M.) El-Aasha says,

5 ' J *•*■*>*

[At it (a source of water mentioned in the context)
were hunters' lurking-places, like young palm-
trees covered over: for tender young palm-trees
are often covered over with a kind of coarse
matting]. (T,S,M.)

\\ji'. see 1^£jj, in six places i\jJ I The first

night of the [lunar] month ; (El-Mazinee, T, S,

000 i-6^

K ;) called thus, (S,) or .j^JI iX,J, (M,) because
the moon has then become clear of the sun : (S,
M :) or the first day of the month : (AA, T, K :)
or the last night thereof: (As, T, K :) or the last
day thereof; (I Aar, T, K ;) a fortunate day ;
every event happening therein being regarded as
a means of obtaining a blessing; (I Aar, T }) but
most hold that the last day of the month is termed

SJ-Jjl; (TA;) as also .£1)1 ^1: (K:) or this
is the first day of the month : (IAar, T, TA:) pi.

lyf. (Th,M.)

i\jf : see l^Jjj, in two places.

t^jt Free, (Msb,) <Uo from it; namely a
fault, defect, imperfection, blemish, or vice ;
(Mgh, Msb ;) and, also followed by <U«, clear,
or quit, of it ; irresponsible for it ; or tn a state
of immunity with respect to it; i.e. exempt from
the demand thereof; namely a debt, (Msb,) or a
claim, or due, or right; (Mgh;) as also *^jW
and ™ l\ft. (Msb.) You say, <wo I^Jjj 1 [I am
free from it, too.] ; (T,» S. M', K ;«') and t \\'^ y
used alike as sing, and dual and pi. (Fr, T, S, M,
K) and masc. and fem., (Fr, T, M, K,) because
it is originally an inf. n. ; (Fr, T,S;) and"!!^:
(S, M :) the pi. of t<J is O&i* ( T s » £) and
i\Jt (T, S, M, K) and \\£, (T, M, K,) of the mea-
sure Jlii, (T,) like JliJ, (M, K,) of an extr.
measure, disapproved by Suh, who says, in the

It, that it is a contraction of 'Ajj, and has ten ween
because it resembles [words originally of the mea-
sure] JUi, and that the rel. n. formed from it is
'uJjLtf' (TA,) but it is mentioned by AAF as a
pi. of l^jjj, and as being like JUy, and Fr men-
tions i\jj as a pi. of the same, imperfectly decl.,
with one of the two hemzehs suppressed, (M,)

and l\^ r S, M, £) and t$ (S, K) and il5^l, (T,
S, K,) the last two anomalous : (TA :*) the fem.
of tjj^ is '£ji; pi. oiy (T,S,M,K) and
±,£f (Lh, M, K) and bt^.' (T, S, M, J£.) You

say, <u* l^Jji m and 4JU t^U [/ am free from
it ; or, more commonly, I am clear, or quit, of

*• . 0>*0 *t 3t 0>0

it } or him] ; and <u* * l\jj Ul and <u« t^U» ; (S ;)
and L»*$jj\ 01: (M :) and t {pi JU

- ° * *

and i^UJI [We are clear, or quit, of you] ; (Fr,
T ;) i. e., »!j-J1 jj3 : so s.vys Aboo-Is-hak ; and
As says the like of what Fr says. (T.) It is said
in the Kur [xliii. 25], ^juju U>« t *|^ i^t
[ Verily I am clear of that which ye worship] ;
(T, M ;) or l^Sji, or t HZ ; accord, to different

* • *•

readers. (Bd.) \jji occurs in several places in
the Kur. (M.) Accord, to IAar, it signifies
Clear of evil qualities or dispositions; shunning
what it vain and false ; remote from actions that
occasion suspicion ; pure in heart from associating
any with God : and it signifies sound in body and
intellect. (T.) See also i^jW, in two places.

• mm*

i'Aji A writing of [i. e. conferring] immunity
or exemption: from ^jJt o-» ^£jy and y ^wlj of

I7y

which it is the inf. n. : pi. Olty, with medd :

Oljl^ is [pi. of i\jt, and both of these are] vulgar.

(Mgh.)

3 -j • -

ijyjt: see .^.

iij^\ The creation ; as meaning the beings, or
things, that are created; or, particularly, man-
kind; syn. ^UJI : (T, S, M :) pronounced with-
out .; (T, S;) originally with ., like ^ and
aTJi; (M;) and the people of Mekkeh differ
from the other Arabs in pronouncing these three
words with . : (Yoo, T, M :) LJ> says that the
Arabs agree in omitting the » in these three in-
stances; and he does not except the people of
Mekkeh : (M :) it is of the measure IX&i in the

sense of £)yuU, (Msb,) from JJUJI «D1 \jt, mean-
ing ^oyilU., : (Fr, T :) or, if derived from \£j4\
["earth" or "dust"], it is originally without . :
(Fr, T, S :) pi. <><# and o£*'. (S in art. i3i
and ^Sn.)

CSi<t, (K,) or ^ S* 3?J>, (I+, S, M,)

[Recovering from his disease, sickness, or malady :

or] convalescent; or becoming sound, or health/,

at the close of his disease, but being yet weak ; or

recovering, but not completely, his health and

strength: [seel:] (M,K:) as also ^'{Jji: (Lh,

M, K :) but whether the latter be properly used

in this sense is disputed ; while the former is said

to be the act. part. n. of 1 in all its senses : (TA :)

pi. lijv, (M, K,) like as £-U~o is pi. of ?-«*~0>

accord, to Lh, so that he holds it to be pi. of
• * " * • .'

*<s*t> or '' ma y ^ e pL °t {$&> "k e *• ^^ ,8

pi. of ^JU., and ^>\»~f of ^--U. (M.) t \^

is sometimes written and pronounced ^jjj [in all

• * ' » -
its senses]. (Kz.)-See also I^^.ars^jUl,

applied to God, The Creator; (T, S, Msb ;) He
who hath created the things that are created, not
after any similitude, or model ; (Nh ;) or He who
hath created those things free from any incon-
gruity, or fault iness, (Mgh, and Bd in ii. 51,)
and distinguished, one from another, by various
forms and outward appearances : (Bd :) or the
Former, or Fashioner; syn. j >*i » ) 1 [q. v.]. (M.)

jJttf The passage, or conduit, of water, called

Jojl and A»yW [q- ▼•]» made of baked clay: (K :)
or j—Ay. [the pi.] signifies the bahed-clay conduits
of privies, which convey [the water $c] from the
house-top to the ground. (S, but omitted in some
copies.) J>J1 f^fi The canal of the urine

[from the kidney to the bladder ; i. e. the ureter] :
(L, KL, TA :) of the dial, of Egypt. (TA.)

L£l [The Persian lute;] a certain, musical
instrument (Lth, Mfb) of the ^k [or Persians];
(Msb ;) t. q. }£ : (Lth, K :) an arabicized word,
(K,) from C-ov, (IAth,) ori^; meaning " the
breast of the duck, or goose;" because of its

23»

180

resemblance thereto ; (K ;) for ji, in Persian,
signifies the " breast j" (TA;) [and C*V and L/

r- r

or lv, like the Arabic kj, "a duck," or " gooso;"]

or because the player upon it places it against his

breast: (IAth:) or it is said to be urabicized

because it is the name of a musical instrument of

the^^e. (M ? b.)

ijjjt, of the lion, (AZ, T,) and pf any animal
of prey, (AZ, As, T, 8, M, K,) and of birds, (As,
3,) [The toe; i. c.] what corresjionds to the p~o\
of a man ; (AZ, As, T, 8, M, K ;) [in the Lex.
of Golius, as on the authority of the S, and in
that of Freytag, idem quod «Uvl in homine; but
this is a mistake, app. occasioned by a mistran
scription in a copy of the S ;] and the ^M ■ is
its claw, i. e., nail : (AZ, As, T, S :) or the paw
(«J&), (M, 5,) altogether, (M,) with the *#Lel
[or toes] : (M, K :) or the clam, i. e. nail, of the
lion, (Lth,T, M,K,) likened to the instrument
for perforating leather; (Lth, T;) and of [all]
animals of prey, and of birds that do not prey,

corresponding to the jiii of man : Th says, of

* t
man, it is [termed] the jiii ; of animals having

the kind of foot called o»*-, tlm j<r ,,„. <, ; of solid-
hoofed animals, the ji\». ; of cloven-hoofed animals,
the <Jull»; of beasts and birds of prey, th? >-JU » ;
and of birds that do not prey, and of dogs and the
like, the ^J^ ; though it may be also used [in like
manner] of all animals of prey : (Msb:) [but
properly] it is of birds that do not prey, as the
crow-kind, and the pigeon ; (M ;) and sometimes,
of the [lizard called] ^^6, (S, M,) and of the rat,
or mouse, and of the jerboa: (M :) and is, in the
pi. form, (M, TA,) which is ^ijj, (T, S, M,
TA,) metaphorically applied, by Sii'ideh Ibn-Ju-
eiych, to the fingers of a man gathering honey
[deposited by wild bees in a hollow of a rock],

(M,*TA.) — jui^I ^>j^also signifies \A certain
brand, or marh made with a hot iron, upon
camels, (J£ t TA,) in the form of the clan of the
lion. (T A.) — This, also, is the name of a sword
of Marthad Ibn-'Alas. (K.)_[«LJo seems to
signify the same as ^jJjj or O-'Lh 1 • for] Tcmeem
nre termed in a trud. tlic **r>tf and <U*»>y of the
tribes of Mudnr; and El-Khattabec says tliat it
should be the AJ/j, i. e. t [The claw, or] the
claws; meaning thereby their impetuous valour,
and strength : but l«J>y m a y be a dial. var. of
liijt, or the jt may be substituted for the ^ for
the purpose of assimilation [to <U*»^]. (TA.)

1. ~.ff [written in the TA without the vowel-
signs, but the context seems to show that it is
thus, and that the inf. n. is »-ji,] It (anything)

was, or became, apparent, manifest, or conspicuous,

* "
and high, or elevated : whence «f-»y, applied to a

certain kind of structure. (TA.) — --^, [aor.-,]

inf. n. ~-jj, [also signifies] He had that quality

of the eye which it termed p-jj, explained below.

*w-

Hit

(M, TA.) — Also, (K,) or • J *i -y, (TA,) aor. - ,

His state, condition, or case, became ample in
respect of eating and drinking. (IAar, K, TA.)
2 : see 4.

4. -.jvl He (a man, TA) built a ~.ji [or tower,
&c] ; as also ♦ ~.jt> inf. n. »-Jj-J. (K.)

» . i..

5. C-aj-j-J She (a woman) showed, or displayed,

her finery, or ornaments, (S, Msb, K,) and beau-
ties of person or form or countenance, (S, Msb,)
to men, (S, K,) or to strangers, or men distantly
related to her ; (Msb ;) to do which is culpable ;
but to do so to the husband is not : (TA :) or she
showed her face : or she showed the beauties of
her neck and face : or she did so exhibiting a
pretty look ; (TA :) or she showed, or displayed,
her finery, or ornaments, and what excites a
man's lust. (Aboo-Is-hak, TA.) Fr, referring to
verse 33 of ch. xxxiii. of the Kur, says that in the
time when Abraham was born, the women used
to wear a shirt of pearls, not sewed at the two
sides ; or, as some say, they used to wear gar-
ments which did not conceal their persons. (TA.)

»-fi [Gr. iripyof, (Golius,) A tower;] an angle,

^ 9 S

syn. ,>^»j, (S, K,) of a fortress, (S,) or of a city:
(TA :) and sometimes a fortress itself; (S, K :)
so called from its conspicuousness and construction
and height: (TA: [see 1:]) or the primary sig-
nification of «-jy is strength ; whence «~>yl in a
sense explained below : (Har p. 286 :) pi. [of

• *> 9 ,9l it

mult.] m.)ji and [of pauc] -.I^jI : (S :) the -.^j
of the wall of a oity or fortress arc chambers

{•Ziytt [meaning toners]) built upon the wall :
and such chambers (O^-j) built upon the sides of
the angles of a j-ai [i. c. pavilion or palace &c]
are sometimes thus called. (Lth.) [Hence,] -.^j
>>l*jk. [A pigeon-turret; a pigeon-house; being
generally constructed in the form of a turret, or
of a sugar-loaf;] a lodging-place of pigeons : pi.
as above. (Msb.) _ Also t [A sign of the
Zodiac ;] one of the *-}# of the heaven ; (S, K ;)

which are twelve in number ; every one having a
distinct name : (TA :) the Arabs in ancient times
did not know them : (Ham p. 560 :) pi. -.IjjI as
well as «-j^ : (Msb, TA :) these arc meant by
the 9r)ji mentioned in the Kur xv. 10 and xxv. 02
d lxxxv. 1 : (Bd, Jcl :) or in the last of these
instances, (Bd,) by the 9-jjj in the heaven are

meant the Mansions of tlte Moon : (Bd, Msb :)
or the stars or asterisms or constellations : (TA :)
or the great stars or asterisms or constellations;
(Bd, Msb ;) and so, accord, to Zj, in the second
of the said passages of the Kur : (TA :) or the
gates of heaven : (Bd, Msb :) or, as some say,
i. q. jyoi [i. e. pavilions &c.]. (TA.)

[Book I.

width of the eye with intense whiteness of the
person : (TA :) and distance between the eye-
brows. (L, TA.) [See also LX/.] = Goodly,

elegant, or pretty; beautiful of face : or [so in
copies of the K, and in the TA, but in the CK
"and"] shining, or splendid; co;ispicuous ; and
well known. (K.)

•-jb JkU. A large, or liberal, disjmsition ; syn.
£--lj. (Ham p. 500.)

*-f/\ A man having that quality of the eye

which is termed *-ji : (M, TA:) fern. iU-^j ;

applied to a woman ; (S ;) and also to an eye

(^^s*) having the quality termed m-jj : (M, TA :)

pi. 1^. (Ham p. 500.) = I JuL ,>• lj*t IjJk This

is stronger than this. (Har p. 286.)

• *

-^►yl The vessel, or receptacle, [generally a

shin,] in which milk is churned, or beaten and
agitated, or in which the butter of the milk is
extracted, or fetched out, by putting water in it,

* ' ' 9

and agitating it; syn. iLjU» t «. (S, K.)

• -* ) 0'

p-.jj Such a constitution of the eye that the

white entirely surrounds the black, (S, M, K,)
no part of the black being concealed : (S, M :) or
width of the eye : or width of the white of the eye,
and largeness of the eyeball, and beauty of the
black pari : or clearness of the white and black
parts theeeof: (M,TA:) or width of the eye,
and largeness of the eyeball: (Ham p. 500:) or

P~j~« «_jy A garment whereon arc figures of
i j
Tritt [or toners] : (Zj, TA :) or whereon are

depicted figures resembling the *-)j-> [or towers]

of the wall of a city or the like: (T, A,TA :) or

figured with eyes, of the garments termed j JX*. ;

from *-j~!l. (,S.)

I ' > 9 1 ftiftJ

A*.*.^ (in the Ham p. 302 ^of-^) is the sing.
of^.ljJ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and o^'; (T,
TA ;) and signifies [A knuckle, or finger-joint ;]
the outer, or the inner, joint, or place of division,
of the fingers : and (as some say, TA) the middle
toe of any bird: (K :) or^^-l^ signifies all the
finger-joints ; (A'Obcyd, K ;) as also^^-l^j [a
mistranscription for w-«».l^j] : (A'Obcyd, TA :)
or the parts of the fingers that, arc ]>rotuberant
when one clinches his hand: (Hnm ubi supra:)

or the backs of the finger-bones : (K :) or the

p t
finger-joints (S, Mgh) that are between the f».U>l

and the w-.ljj'; (S;) i. c. (S, Mgh) [the middle

I . ft t 9-

hnuchles; (see » a>, it \ and i-fc-lj ;)] the heads of

the oU*"iL-., (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) on the back, or
outer side, of the hand, (S, Msb,) which become
protuberant when one clinches his hand : (S, Mgh,
Msb, K:) or, as in the Kf, the heads of the
oU'V ; and their inner and outer sides are
termed the v^^jft^j : (Msb:) accord, to the T,
the wrinkled parts at the joints of the fingers;
the smooth portion between which is called <U^1j:
or, as in another place, in the bach of the fingers;
the parts between them being called the ^-^-l., :

' * 9> ' '

in every finger are three OU«»jJ, except the
thumb : or, as in another place, in every finger
are two of what arc thus termed: it is also ex-
plained as signifying the joints in the backs of

the fingers, upon which the dirt collects. (TA.)

" > • i
The phrase v ,».ljJV j»*i)', meaning The seizing

Book I.]

with the hand, is one requiring consideration [as
of doubtful character]. (Mgh.) [Sec also ^^0

1. Ltf is syn. with Jlj [in two senses ; i. e.
as an attributive verb, and also as a non-attribu-
tive verb ; ns will be shown by what follows].
(S, A, Mgh.) [Using it as an attributive verb,]

you say, ,^/ff^- \j^ vj*"" TV* 1 *? * w,fl not
go away, or depart, or withdraw, (Jjjl ^), and
m. -~\ *9,) wnr»7 (Aoh accomplish my want : from
,jl£JI I^j, inf. n. L\y, he went away, or de-
parted, from the place ; syn. <U» Jlj : and to be
distinguished from the phrase in the Kur [xviii. 59,
similar as to words,] mentioned below. (Mgh.)
You say, iilCi LJ, (S, A, L, K,) aor. - , (K,)
inf. n. lljj (S, L,K) and ^ (L,TA, and
Ham p. 250) and l^J, (L,) or Jy, (as in a copy
of the TA,) He went away, or departed, from
his place ; (S, L, K, and Ham ubi supra ;) and
he became in the »-ty [or wide, uncultivated, or
uninhabited, tract]. (S, L,K.) And AilCe ~jt U
//« c/jj/ «o« quit his place. (Msb.) And mg
[alone], aor. '- , inf. n. ZSjj, It (a thing) went
away, or departed, (j\j,) from its place; (Msb;)
as also *j r ^»- (L.) In the phrase ~ly ^ [2%ere
if, or shall be, no quitting of place, or going
away, or departing], the noun is in the accus.
case, as in ^j } •$ : but it is allowable to put
it in the nom. case, so that *) is used in the
manner of J-J \ (?, K ;) as in the following
saying of Saad Ibn-Malik, [in the TA, in one
place, Ibn-Nashib,] in a poem of which the rhyme
is with rcfa, (S, IAth,) alluding to El-Harith
Ibn-'Abhad, who had withdrawn himself from
the war of Tcghlib and Bckr the sons of Wail :
(IAth.TA:)

• ' ** »

[Whoso fleeth from its fires, (i. e. y^JI OW
the fires of the war,) let him do so : but as for
mc, / am the son of Keys : to me there is not,
or shall not be, any quitting of place], (S, IAth.
[See also Ham p. 250, where, for ji ,>•, we find
jL« ^y» whoso turneth away.]) [Hence,] C-».^j

.^I^JW fi^' The wind carried up, raised, or
swept up and scattered, [lit. went away with,]
the duft. (Msb.) [Hence also, accord, to some,]
iUiJI Ij, (T,S,K,&c.,) and £,, (Ibn-El-
Libyanec, Z, and TA, [thus written in a copy of
the A,]) t The state of concealment departed, or
ceased : or J what was in a state of concealment
became apparent ; from mm\jf meaning " what is
open and apparent" of land: or t what I was
concealing became apparent : (T, TA :) or I the
affair, or case, became manifest, (S, A, K,) and
its concealment ceased, (A,) [or] as though the
secret departed, and ceased: (S:) or, as some
say, t the secret became apparent : (TA in art.
!<*«• :) or, lit., the low ground became high and
apparent ; meaning + what was concealed became
revealed : (Har pp. 133 — 4 :) the first who said

it was Shikk the Diviner. (IPrd, TA.) — [Using
it as a non-attributive verb,] you say, ~.jj\ *)
jJUi Jjiil I will not cease, or J will continue,
(Jlj! %) to do that : (S, A :•) and jiu £* **
\S=> [he ceased not to do thus ; or] he persevered
in, or hej)t to, doing thus : (Msb :) and ~.jj U

Cj15 J*j [Zeyd ceased not to be, or he hept, or
continued, starding] : in this case, the verb is of
the category of jlib ; (Mgh ;) relates to time ;
and requires a predicate : and its inf. n. is ^-Lr*-
(Ham p. 250.) Hence the saying in the Kur
[xviii. 59], J±'jLj\ ^U j# j£- ^ S>, but
the predicate is suppressed : it may be ^j»^> U
ji)J£a A-s [i. e. I will not cease in that wherein
we are thus engaged until J reach the place of meet-
ing of the two sea] : (Mgh :) or it means Jljl "j
1—1 [I will not cease journeying]: (Bd, Jel :) or
~.jyt ^ here may mean I will not depart ( Jjjt •}))
from thot upon which I am intent, namely
journeying and seeking; and I will not relin-
quish it ; so that it does not require the predicate.
(Bd. [He gives a third explanation, paraphrastic
and strained, which I opiit.]) ^a m-jj, (S, K,)
aor. - , (L, TA, [but it is implied in the K that
it is * , which is contr. to rule,]) inf. n. ^jjv,
Jt (a gazelle, S, K, nnd a bird, and any wild
animal, that is hunted or shot, TA) turned its
left side towards the spectator, passing by (S,K*)
from the direction of his right hand towards
that of his left hand: (S :) or passed by from
the direction of the spectator's left hand towards
that of his right hand: (Aboo-'Amr Esh-Shey-
banee, IF, L, Msb, in art. ^-0 [^c former
appears to be accord, to the usage of the Hijazees;
and the latter, accord, to that of the Nejdces, in
general: see f-jW contr. of -— i-». (S.) ss=
~jj, aor. - , [contr. to rule,] (K,) inf. n. m/,
(TA,) He was angry. (K.) When a man has
been angry with his companion, one says, j-il U
alic- ilu U [How violently angry was fie with

him!]. (L.)

181

2. JU-M i& C-i^ The fever affected me
with its severity, violence, or sliarpness, termed

IU£. (TA.) Hence, (TA,) from iU^, (S,

K,) <u J^i, inf. n. JL*^, Jt (an affair, an event,
or a case,) affected him severely ; afflicted, dis-
tressed, or harassed, him : (S, K :) said also of
anxiety ; or disquietude, or trouble, of mind :
(A :) and of a beating, meaning it hurt him
severely, or greatly. (Msb.) Also said of a man,
meaning He importuned him, or pressed him,
with annoyance, or molestation : (A, TA :) he
annoyed him, or molested him, by importuning
or pressing ; as also • s-jjt : (TA :) he annoyed
him, or molested him, by distressing importunity
or pressing : (T, TA :) and he punished, tor-
mented, or tortured, him. (TA.) £Jj-J signifies
The act of annoying, molesting, or hurting:
(Mgh :) and in a trad., (in which it is forbidden,
TA,) the hilling, or putting to death, in an evil
[or a cruel] manner; such as throwing live fish,

and lice, into the fire. (Mgh,TA.)-a4»l gyj
it* May Qod remove from thee »yJ1 [i. e.
difficulty, distress, affliction, ice, or the difficulty,
kc.]. (A,TA.)

4. 4*^1 He made him, or caused him, to go
away from, depart from, or quit, his place.
(A,*L.):s=He, or it, pleased, or rejoiced, him;
excited his admiration and approval; induced
in him wonder, or admiration, and pleasure, or
joy. (S, K.) One says also, ^\ Ija Mtfl U
Hoiv greatly does this affair, or event, please,
or rejoice! how greatly does it excite admiration
and approval! or how greatly does it induce
wonder, or admiration, and pleasure, or joy !

(S.) He treated him with honour, or honoured

him, and magnified him : (S, K :) or, as some
say, he found him to be generous, or noble. (TA.)

He judged Aim, or it, i. e. a man, (A, TA,)

and ahorse, (A,) or anything, (TA,) to be ex-
cellent, or to excel, (A, TA,) and wondered at, or
admired, him, or it. (A.) = ~.jj\ also signifies
He exceeded the usual bounds, degree, or mode.
(As,S,*TA.) You say, U^i> C>lJ*t, and U^',
(A,TA,) Thou hast done a thing exceeding the
usual bounds [in generosity, or nobleness, and in
meanness, or ignobleness] ; or extravagant ; or
excessive. (TA.) _ See also 2.

5 : sec 1.

L?jj Difficulty, distress, affliction, or adversity;
evil, or mischief; (K, TA ;) annoyance, molesta-
tion, or hurt ; severe punishment; trouble, incon-
venience, or fatigue ; (TA ;) a difficult, a dis-
tressing, an afflictive, or adverse, and a wonder-
ful, thing or event : (Ham p. 135 :) and annoy-
ance, or molestation, by distressing importunity
or pressing; a subst. from 2: (T,TA:) nnd
-.'yt cJL>, [and app. ~jj ,>-! also,] a calamity,
misfortune, or disaster; or a great, or terrible,
thing, affair, or rase; (TA ;) as also ♦ j-jW <^-t,
andt^^^'t; (K;) pi. gjtf OW ™<l g/J r*-
(TA.) [Sec also *->f3-] You say, U* *i« C-e»)
♦ UyC J experienced from him, or it, [great]
difficulty, distress, affliction, or adversity ; [great]
annoyance, molestation, or hurt ; (S, A,* K ;*)
a phrase having an intensive signification, (K,
TA.) like JJI JJ [and JJ<) JJ] ; and so U.^
tU^li. (TA.) When used as an imprecation,
the more approved way is to put the two words
in the accus. case: but sometimes they are put
in the nom. case ; as in the saying of a poet,
t *jli jjuli) Ly [May great difficulty, kc,
befall thy two eyes!]. (TA.) You say also,
-.# Ol^ aI* C-e»>, (S, A,) and gjtf ^, (S,)
/ experienced from him, or it, difficulties, dis-
tresses, afflictions, or adverse events; and cala-
mities, misfortunes, or disasters: (S :) and, in
the same sense, ^^e^i-JI **• <^t&> and *i>t»v«">
(S, K,) and * Cw^JI ; (K ;) or, accord, to some
copies of the K, *c£»?JI, and t^M^fH, and
*c4^V*"> as duals; but the former reading is
the more correct: (TA:) [MF disapproves of
the form O^-Ji, »nd '* '" not mentioned in the

182

L; but the dual form o**.^ »s there mentioned :]
it seems as though the fing. of o*»-^< [or &<+~yt]
were JU.^ [or *•»»*], and ♦hat the pi. is formed
by the termination ^ to compensate for the
rejection of the J, as is virtually the case in

CtHtri [° r hecause the signification is regarded
u that of a personification ;] and that the pi.
only is used. (L.) It is said in a prov., cJ^

*•* f % % ,

"*~b L5^* ■%" J7^ \ Calamity is, or 6c, a *na/c
«^on % Acad]. (TA.)

■•W **V"*» or *•*!< **y*i «C : see art. *-j-o.

• ' •>

*U.^ The best of anything: (TA:) and [parti-

cularly] one of the best of she-camels : (S,K:) or,
ofhe-cameh: (T:) pi. 1^. (T,S,£.) You say,
^\ ^ i*ji ».**, (8, £,«) or ^i ^ a»^ J*,

(T,) TAi* i« a the-camel, (S,£,*) or Ao w a
cam*/, (T,) of the bett of camels. (T, S, £.)

(_5»W a word that is said when one misses the
mark in shooting or casting; like as ^j*-j* is said
when one hits the mark. (8, ISd, A, #.)

— ■■ 00

l\—jt Severity, violence, or sharpness, (As, A,
TA,) or vehement molestation, (8, *$.,) of a fever
(As, A, 8, £) &c. : (8, £ :) [a paroxysm ; used
in this sense by modern physicians:] and vehe-
ment distress of mind arising from the oppression
caused by inspiration or revelation; such as is
said to have affected the Prophet; [but most
probably a paroxysm of that species of catalepsy
which physicians term ecstasy;] occurring in a
trad. (TA.) You say of one suffering from fever,
when it is intense, iU^JI ^"lo! [The paroxysm,
or severe fit, has befallen him]. (TA.)

*» f 0,

Ch~-j-?* *■« O*^**" «*• ! »ee m.jj.

* " . ' »

~\jt inf. n. of -.jt, q. v. ; whenco the phrase

£l* *$> explained above. ($, L, I£.) a .1 n^e,
or spacious, tract of land, (8, A, $,) fanfty t» t<
no seed-produce nor trees: (§,]£:) or land having
in it no building nor habitation : (Ham p. 237 :)
and applied as an epithet to land, signifying wide,
or spacious, open, or conspicuous, and having in
it no herbage nor habitation : and what is open,
uncovered, and wholly apparent, of land : (TA :)
or a place having no trees nor other things to
cover or conceal it; as though such things had
departed ; (Mgh ;) a place free from trees $c. :
(Msb:) or an elevated and open tract of land.
(Har p. 134.) __ j-j^ Jt^- is an appellation
given to \A lion: and fa courageous man: as
though each of them were bound with ropes, (TjL,
TA,) and did not quit his place. (TA.)™=An
affair, a thing, or a case, that is plain, evident, or
manifest ; ($, TA ;) or open, or public. (TA.)
You say, U.£ ^^ &V [He told us, or did to
us, the thing] plainly [or openly]. (8.) And
C\^, }IHp U.£ j*b\i i± [He uttered, or

ice.,) and ~.\ji, with damm and without tenween,
(AZ, El-Mufaddal,) a name of The sun : (S, A,
&c. :) determinate [and thr former indecl.] : the
sun is so called because oi the spreading of its
light, and its conspicuous ness; or, being applied
to the sun when it sets, mAjt means a»-j1j ; like as

«^l~£», a name applied to a hunting-bitch, means
iL,\&>. (TA.) Yousay,^l^,ii5i77i« sunset [or
declined from the meridian]. (A, TA.) For this
phrase, occurring at the end of a verse cited by
Ktr, Fr reads m.\j. cXJj ; -.Ij being pi. [or

rather a quasi-pi. n J of <U-lj, meaning the " hand"
[or "palm of thr hand"]: (S, TA :) accord, to
which reading, the poet means The sun had
set, or had declined from the meridian, while
they put their hands, or the palms of their
hands, over their eyes, looking to see if it had
set, or had declined from the meridian : or
he who says, -.1^ ,_^li\ c£jj means the sun
Itad almost set : the two readings -.1^ and mAf*
arc mentioned by A'Obeyd and Az and Hr and Z
and others : AZ says, ~.t^ cXJ;, with tenween,

and p.1^, without tenween. (TA.) [See also
iemXj, in art. ~}j.]

r-5H'- see ^.jV-

F±jti '• Bee £jW- = Also The croaking of the

vlr* [° r crow, of whatever species, as raven,
carrion-crow, &c.]. (L.) — [Hence,] w^' ^'l :

so in the #: in the §, g^ j,\; but IB and

Aboo-Zekereeya say that only the former is right:
(TA :) [in one copy of the S, however, I find
both of these :] T/te wȣfc [or crow, as a generic
term, applying to the raven, carrion-crow, £c] :
(8, J£, Sec. :) so called because of its cry : a deter-
minate appellation : for the pi., the expression
used is £># oUj. (TA.) See also Vy.. ==

T^i/i Jy -A- toying by which one pronounces a
person to have said, or done, right. (L.)

£jW> (8, $, &c.,) as also * -.^' and ^^iji,
(K.,) applied to a gazelle, (8.) or what is hunted
or shot, (K, TA,) of gazelles and birds and wild
animals [in general], (TA,) Turning his left side
towards t/te spectator, (S,) passing from the direc-
tion of the right hand of the latter towards the
direction of his left fiand : (S, K. :) or turning his
right side towards the spectator, passing from the
direction oftlte tatter's left hand towards that of
his right: (Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybanee, IF, A,*
L, Msb,* in art -_^-, :) contr. of LjC : (S, #
TA :) pi. ^yf. (L in art. ~*.) The Arabs

[who apply the epithet in the latter sense] regard
the -.jlf as an evil omen, and the -_>L/ as a good
omen ; because one cannot shoot at the former
without turning himself: (S :) but some of them
hold the reverse : (Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybanee
and L in art. ~-< :) the people of Nejd hold the

committed an act of, infidelity plainly, or openly,

and evil, or mischief, unmixedly], (A, TA.)

Counsel, or an opinion, that is disapproved, or

deemed evU. (£.)«.££, (El-Mufaddal, 8, A, I epithets is also applied to a'bird as meening In-

*JU to be a good omen ; but sometimes a Nejdee
adopts the opinion of the Hijazee [which is the
contrary]. (IB in that art.) The first of these

[Book I.
auspicious; ill-omened. (A.) It is said in a
prov-, £jMl ^ £J^W ,J iy> (TA) i. e. [Who
will be responsible to me] for a fortunate, or lucky,
event, after an unfortunate, or unlucky ? (K. in
art. -_i_, :) applied in the case of a man's doing
evil, and its being said, " He will at a future time
do good to thee:" originally said by a man on
the occasion of gazelles' passing before him in the
manner of such as arc termed «U-jlJ, and its being
said to him, " They will present themselves to
thee in the manner of such as are termed i»jC"
(TA.) And in another prov. it is said, 1a Cil
tiJj*i" rrJ^ f'i or ne t " O'dy "*• the moun-
tain-goat passing in the manner of such as is
termed -.jl^] : for it dwells on the tops of the
mountains, and men scarcely ever sec it passing
with the right or left side towards them save once
in the course of ages : (S, K[ :) applied in the case
of an extraordinary occurrence : (K :) [or in the
case of a benefit conferred by a man who very
rarely confers benefits on others: (Frcy tag's Arab.
Prov. i. 35 :)] or when a man has delayed, or
been tardy in, visiting [but has come at last].
(TA.) — Hence, iLk <Uzi t. q. i'jji, [i.e. \A
manner of twisting contrary to that which is

usual: sec jji], (A.) And lLj(/ iiii »Jjk

I This is an action that has not happened rightly.
(A.) — [Hence,] ~jlj o«v : and [perhaps] C~,jJ

i* \ i"' "■ V* i* ".*••*•'■ * " • •"

UyV U* *_. : and ^,1* J^*J m.jf ■. see -j*

—[And hence, perhaps, because of its evil effect;
or l>ecausc it comes, accord, to some, from the
left, i. c. northerly direction, or, accord, to others,
from the right, i. c. southerly direction ; or] from
r-j* «b signifying " a difficult, a distressing, an
afflictive, or adverse, and a wonderful, thing, or
event;" (Ham p. 135;) ^jj signifies also A hot

wind: (S :) or a hot wind in the *_i~o [i. e. ««»«-
mer or spring] : (I£ :) or a hot wind coming from
the direction of El-Yemen: (Ham p. 135:) or a
wind that carries up, raises, or sweeps up and
scatters, the dust : (Msb :) pi. Lj\# ; (8, K., &c.:)
or the *-)\yi are hot north, or northerly, winds in

the o^o : (AZ, Az, S :) this Az found to be the
sense in which the term was used by the Arabs in
his time : (TA :) or violent winds that carry with
them t/ie dust by reason of their violence : (TA :)
or this name (the pi.) .vas given by the Arabs to
all winds in the time of the stars of the ixj [or
summer] : they mostly blow in the time of the
stars of Libra; [app. meaning when Libra is on,
or near, the meridian at nightfall, agreeably with
a statement in modern Arabic almanacs, that the
periods of the beginning and end of the winds
thus called are the 30th of May and the 9th of
July ;] and these winds are what are termed the
j&*~> [pi. of j^J], (Ibn-Kunaseh, TA.)

00 „„ I

»jtjJI is also said by some to signify i\y*j\ [pi.

"* ■«

of Jy, q. v.]; as mentioned by AHn; but he

repels their assertion. (TA.)
» m
S»-jUI The next, or nearest, past, or preceding,

night; yesternight : (S, A, Mgh,* Msb,* ]£:) from

~ji signifying Jlj [" he, or it, went away" &c.].

Book I.]

(S, A.) [In modern Arabic, Yesterday; as also

»-jUI.] It has no dim. formed from it. (Sb, in S, in

^ » * * * i » <

art. tr-*' > and TA.) You say, <U.jUI «u-iJ [I met,

or mc( wtl/i, him, or ft, &/."tf night, or yesternight] :
and jJj^I 3»jUI a^JU [ Jmef, or me* n<ft/», him, or
it, <Ae nightbefore last; this being the sense in which
the phrase is now used by the learned : but the vul-
"gar expression is i—jUl Jjl, generally pronounced

• # #•« it *** it

**-jW-»l Jj' ° r r-jW*' jy> agreeably with a pecu-
liarity of the dial, of the people of El-Yemen, or
of Tciyi and Himycr, by the substitution of >l
for Jl : sec art. jX\. (S.) From daybreak to the
time when the sun declines from the meridian,

one says, ^U* ^ il,JJI C~>lj [I saw to-night
in my Bleep (such a thing)] ; but when the sun
has declined, one says, io-,UI Oolj [I saw last
night, or yesternight] : (AZ, Th : [and the like is
said in the Mgh and Msb :]) or one says, ,jlib
iJUOt \J^=> i I jj=» [ .W/i ami xuc/i r/iJ/itf« happened
to-night] until the sun is somewhat high and the
day has become bright ; but after this, one says,
i».jUI ij\£» [It happened last night, or yester-
night], (Yoo, Seer.) The Arabs say,

Horn like is this night wherein we are to the
former night that has departed! (TA :) [or, this
night to yesternight!]: originally occurring in a
poem of Tarafch : used as meaning " how like is
the child to the father !" and applied to [any] two
things resembling each other. (Har p. G07.)

«-yl is formed [from -. ■# for ~-jj] by the

rejection of the added letter : [for a word of this

kind is regularly formed only from an unaug-

* ' • i
mented trilitcral-radical verb :] or it is like d U »-l,

having no proper verb. (L.) You say, IjJk

ili ^ jyJLi ~j$ (A,« L, Msb») This is

more difficult, distressing, or afflicting, to me

than that. (L,M«b.*) And ,>• ~j^l j^^l \J*

IJuk This affair, event, or case, is more difficult,
or distressing, titan this. (S.) And j-^l ^^AjJUi
jiLi [Tltey slew them with a most severe slaugh-
tor]. (S.)

*-tj~> [inf. n. of 2, used as a simple sul.st.,]
is said by somr to be sing, of -_jjLj, and has

been used as such by post-classical authors, but
is not of established authority : accord, to others,
the latter has no sing. : (MP :) the pi. signifies
Difficulties, distresses, afflictions, or adversities :
[see also *-jj :] or the difficulties, or obligations,
incurred by troublesome, or inconvenient, means
of obtaining subsistence : (TA:) and JjyiJI *-ijW J

the burning, or fierce burning, [or the burnings,
&c.,] of the yjarning, or longing, of the soul,
or of longing desire. (S, ]£.)

^ «-j~« lit J am importuned, or pressed, with
annoyance, or molestation. (A, TA.) [See the
verb (2).]

j^>~o and * «-^>, applied to an affair, an event,
or a case, signify the same ; (£, TA ;) i. e.

Severe, afflicting, distressing, or harassing: (TA:)
and the former, to a beating, (S, A, Mgh, TA,)
meaning the same; (TA ;) or hurting (S, Mgh)
severely : (S :) and to a man, meaning annoying,
or molesting, by importuning, or pressing. (TA.)
[See 2.] W>~* U^j «uu c~£) : see «-^.

rJ>rt> (£>) tnus correctly written, with the ^
before the ._» ; [not v-sj^i, as in the CK ; in
Chald. frn3% the word corresponding to the
sing, of the Hebr. D^NIVT in Gen. xxx. 14 and
16, accord, to the paraphrase of Onkelos;] or
^j^o 1^ [the idol-like pj*] ; (TA ;) The
rooi, or lower part, of the wild «.U) [or mandrake,
not to be confounded with another plant to which
the name of *-UJ, q. v., is also applied], (K,)
which is known by the names of LjIjVs ana 1 j^c
^^JUJI [names now given to the peony], and
called by MF j^JI *-U3, [or the wild apple, but
perhaps this is a mistranscription for ^Jt --U),]

said by him to be an appellation used by the

vulgar ; (TA ;) resembling the form of a man ;

(IC ;) and of two sorts, male and female ; culled

- z * » *
by the people of Greece j?%-i\ JljC : (TA :) ft

torpifics, (K,) and strengthens the two appetites
[namely that of the stomach and that of the gene-
rative organ) : (TA :) if ivory is cooked with
it for six hours, it renders it soft; and if a part
affected by [the disease tei-med] ^Jitf is rubbed
with its leaves for a week, (K,) without inter-
ruption, (TA,) it removes it without causing
ulcers, or sores : (]£ :) the root of the wild «-UJ
is the r-jj*i ■ it has the form of a human being;

the male like the male, ant', the female like the
female; and tltey pretend that he who pulls it
up dies; wherefore, when they desire to do so, they
tie a dog or some other animal to it. (l£zw, voce

* J " * ' J i

1. ijf, aor. *■ , inf. n. 9»XH > (?> ^>^K n > Msb,
K ;) and >#, aor. - , (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. j>j^ ;
(M, Msb ;) It (a thing, S, Msb, and the latter
said of water, Mfb) was, or became, cold, chill,
or cool ; [sec jyj below ;] (S, M ;) its heat became
allayed. (Msb.) The latter verb is also used
transitively, as will be shown below. (Msb.) _
[Hence,] a*** iut *jj [lit. His bed, or place of
sleep, became cold ; meaning] J he went on a
journey. (A.)__>jj also signifies J He died;
(As, T, S, A, K ;) because death is the non-exist-
ence of the heat of the soul ; (L ;) or it is allu-
sive to the extinction of the natural heat ; or to
the cessation of motion. (MF.) For __ j>j_^,
(MF,) aor. '-, (Mgh,) inf. n. £, (MF,) like-
wise signifies \ It was, or became, still, quiet, or
motionless; (Mgh, MF ;) for instance, a slaugh-
tered sheep or goat [&c.]. (Mgh.) And fit
(beverage of the kind called J««j) became still,
and without briskness. (TA, from a trad.) You
say, AJ&» }j£ ^**j [t He became frightened,
and remained motionless in his place; dJ\JLe
meaning <0\JLc .J : and hence,] } he became

183

amazed, or stupified. (A.) And Ki+* ^->ij-t
t The pain in his eye became allayed, or stilled.
(L.) And U^»l ijf + Our affair, or c,a*f, became
easy. (TA, from a trad. [See also >j^t-]) —
Also, inf. n. jjj, [which see below,] + He slejtt.
(T.) — And hence, \ It remained, or became
permanent, or fixed, or settled. (T.) So in the
saying, r_£ <u« i£J*f >j~i Jj \There did not
remain, or become permanent or fixed or settled,
in my hand, thereof, anything. (T, L.*) You

* #t ft -wr .J

say also, j^^j-A ^ \jtf\ }ji \ He remained
safely a captive in their hands. (A.) And }jt
L»JUi j/9y i Jul jJ I He became a permanent captive,
remaining in their hands, not to be ransomed
nor liberated nor demanded. (L.) And O^*)! )jf
»^Uob^« (J* t Death fixed, or settled, [upon his
face and extremities, or] upon his limbs, or upon
his arms and legs and face and every prominent
part, which become cold at the time of death,
and which are warmed at the fire. (AHcyth, L.)
And dJl£ 0^«JI j^j [J Death became impressed
upon him;] tke marks, or signs, of death became
apparent upon him. (A.) _ [And hence, app.,]
I It (a right, or due,) became incumbent, or obli-
gatory, (M, K, TA,) and established. (TA.)
You say, &"& ^* ^». ^ »jj J My right, or
due, became incumbent, or obligatory, on such a
one, and established against him. (M,* A,* TA.)
And O^* (jr** & >** ** J ^'kat hath become
incumbent, or obligatory, to thee, on such a one,
and established against him? or what hath become
owed, or due, to thec, by, or from, such a one?
as also <vJi£. oU w-'li U. (S.) And a-JU _) ^

Jtjl »>« IJ^ \Such an amount of the property,
or of property, became incumbent, or obligatory,
to me, on him, and established against him; or
became owed, or due, to me, by, or from, him.

(S.) Also, (K,) aor. '- , inf. n. JjJ, (TA, [but

see the next sentence,]) t-Wie (a man) roa*, or
became, weak; and so }f>, a verb like ^t.
(K.) And, inf. n. \<J, and \£ % (M, ^,) f //<
was, or became, languid, (K,) or wmJI ana* /an-
ff««/, from leanness or disease : (M :) or nvaA
tn the legs, from hunger or fatigue. (Ibn-Buzurj,

T.) And «M ij^» (A,K,) aor. l , inf. n. >jy,
(TA,) t He was, or became, lean, or emaciated;

(A, K;) and so l^Ui*. ojijv- (A,TA.) t^t

(a sword [or the like"! - ) was, or became, blunt.
(M, K.)=»i^, (S, Msb, K,) aor. i, (Msb,)
inf. n. £; (K ;) and * '•&, (S,M, M f b,K,)
inf. n. juj-J ; (S ;) //< mnrfe ft, or rendered it,
(for ex., water, M, Msb,K,) cold, chill, or cool:
(S, &c.:) but the latter has an intensive signifi-
cation [lie made it, or rendered it, very cold, or
very cool] : (Msb :) or both signify, (K,) or the
former signifies, (M, TA,) he mixed it with snow :
(M, JSL :) one does not say ♦ »>jj\, except in a bad
dialect. (S.) ^»>ji, being used by a poet for
<mjj J->, has been erroneously supposed to mean
"Make thou it hot. 1 ' (M.) You. say, J$i\ &%*
(aor. and inf. n. as above, M,) and U^ift jjj, The
night affected us with its cold. (M, K.) And
»jl>» Oij^ <y^i> < « . 7 t i.i<, (S, M,*) aor. and inf. n.
as above, (S,) I gave him to drink a draught

184

that cooled his heart : (S, M :) or ».>•>» V^ •^O.*
[with which I cooled hit heart]. (So in the T.)
And ijj^i Jjl^i *>ji Cool thy heart by a
draught. (A.) And ^JJ^=> <v j>;yl W^ i^y**-^
[Oit)« Mou we fo rfrtnA Jmj-< tvith which I may
cool my liver]. (T.) And J*JUl^ a~c j^,
(A'Obeyd, T, M,) or ^jj^, (S, Msi>, K,) aor.
and inf. n. as above, (M,) [lie cooled his eye
tvith the collyrium, or] he applied the cooling
collyriu.n to his eye, (T, # S, M,» Msb, K,*) and
allayed its pain. (M.) The following words,
cited by IAar,

• j > *i ' * ' i * *

[lit. They cooled the fore parts of the humps,
or the hachs, of humped she-camels], mean t they
put off from them their saddles, that their backs
might become cool. ( M.) You say also, * *jj
<UL> Jlwji jyb J Relieve thy horse from riding
[lit. cool his bach] awhile. (A.) And t*JJj n)
Cf$j O* t -Do not thou alleviate the punishment
[in the world to come] due to the offence of such
a one by thy reviling him, or cursing him, when
he has acted injuriously to thee. (T, S,* M,* A,*
L.) Aml'j^J\ '£, (T,L,K,) sUW, (T.) He
poured [cold] water upon the bread, (T, L, K,)
and moistened it [therewith: see *}>;]. (T, L.)

J ft

— }y> (a verb like .-it, K) if (a company of
men) was /tailed upon. (S, M, K.) And Ojj.
\jbf$\ The land, or ground, was hailed upon.
(S.) — i^,(S,M,&c.,) aor-', (TA.) inf. n. £,
(Mgh,TA,) also signifies He filed (M, Mgh,K)
iron, (S, M, &c.,) and the like, (M,) with a
>J*?' (§» M, Mgh, Msb, K.)ssojv «nd * »^l
//« sent him as a j^jj [or messenger on a post-
mule or post-horse]. (I£.) And \j->j^ >ji, (M,)
and ♦ »}ji\, (A,) #« »e»< a j^jj. (M, A.) And

^'» *>.*', (§,) or OsyJ *t)1 *3*l, (T,TA.)
//c <en< /./ him a jj^>. (T, S.)

2 : see ojv* '" «>ur places. _ a-JU. sj,^ ( //<•
»«</« if incumbent, or obligatory, on him. (M,
A.) — Ami o^j, (K,TA, but omitted in the
C£,) inf. n. Jl^; (TA ;) and f^lj (M,
I£ ;) fit (a thing, M) made him, or rendered him,
weak; weakened him; (1£;) or made him, or
rendered him, weak and languid. (M.)=s[^
also signifies, as is indicated in the TA voce
^■■*-li*-, It (a locust) spread forth its wings;
which are termed its o'v : see •>>■■]

4. ifj\ He entered upon a cold, or cool, time :
(Mgh, Msb:) A* entered upon the last part of
the day : (M, K :) he entered upon the time when
the sun had declined: (Mohammad Ibn-Kaab, T:)
and he entered upon the cool season, at the end of
the summer. (Lth, T.) [Hence,] >u£jW Ijitfl
Delay ye to eat food until it is cool : occurring
in a trad. (El-Mun&wee.) And ^Li\f Ij^l (T,
A, Mgh, Msb) Defer ye the noon-prayers until
the cooler time of the day, when the vehemence of
the heat shall have become allayed. (Mgh, Msb.)
And Sj-ykJI ^y* A*± )ji\ Stay thou until the
mid-day heat shall have become assuaged, and the
air be cool. (M, and L in art. *»«*.) _ <v) j^l

He gave him to drink what was cold, or cool.
(M, K.) You say also, aJ Oj^li tC^i.i, meaning
I gave him to drink what was cold, or cool.
(A 'Obeyd, S.) — ay^\ lie brought it cold, or

cool. (M, K.) -*-See *sjt, first Kntence._ And
see 2. s See also 1, in four places ; last three
sentences.

5. <ui jj-3 He descended into it, (i.e., into
water, TA,) and washed himself in it, to refresh

himself by its coolness. (M,K.) See also 8

iy3 also signifies \He became weakened. (TA.)

8. sJJ\ He washed himself with cold water :
(S:) and likewise, (S,) or l\J\ i^\, ($,) he
drank water to cool his liver : (S, K :) or the
latter signifies he poured the water cold upon
himself, (M, K,) meaning, upon his head: (M :)
and ;C»Jb " jy-3, (T, A,) and j^l, (A,) lie washed
himself with water, or with the water. (T.)

10. ajLJ <tJU. >y^->\ I He let loose his tongue
and used it like a file against him. (A.)

ijf and " »jj_^> [originally inf. ns.] Cold; cold-
ness; chill; chilness; cool, as a. aubst.; coolness; the

former, contr. of j*.; (S, M, A, Msb;) and the

latter, ofaj\j*.. (S.) And [hence] the former,

X Pleasantness; enjoyment; cose; comfort: as
in the saying, Uj>^>j <UaJt JULJ ; )\'e ash of
Thee Paradise and its pleasantness, &c. (L.)_
Also f Sleep : (T, S, M, A, K :) [an inf. n. used
as a subst. :] so in the Kur Ixxviii. 24 : (S, M,
K :) for sleep cools a man : (TA :) or, accord, to
I 'Ab, it there means the coldness, or coolness, of

»•« Is* *.,

beverage. (T.) You say, i^JI j>jJI «i» \The hail
prevented sleep. (A.)__And iSaliva : (Th,T, M,
K :) so, accord, to Th, in the saying of El-'Arjcc,

* 6

And if thou desire, I will not taste sweet water,
nor saliva [from any lips but thine]. (T, M,*
TA. [But this is cited in the S as an ex. of )jj
signifying sleep.]) — See also >jtj. — [Hence,]
O'i/JI : see u'^*2)'> voce >ji*-

*"

j,jf A kind of garment ; (S ;) a kind of striped

garment : (M, K :) accord, to some, of the de-

scription termed .yiy [or variegated] : (M :) or

particular kinds thereof are distinguished by such

terms as ..,.*■»& i^j and ^-i^ ^ : (Msb :) also,
(as a coll. gen. n., TA,) garments of the kind
called ijn fen, [pi. of *l—£»,] which are wrapped
round the body ; (K. ;) one o/ which is called
* litf : (M, K :) or, as Lth says, the y*i is [a]
well-known [garment], of the kind called aj^
y^ril anrf ^yi >^> ; (T ;) but tlie ~ l*ji is a
garment of the kind called ft— fc, four-sided,
black, and somewhat small, worn by the Arabs of
the desert : (T, S, Mgh,» Msb,* TA :) or this
latter (the *>ji) is a striped garment of the hind
called iX , * : (T:) or it is an oblong piece of
woollen cloth, fringed : (M :) Sh says, I saw an
Arab of the desert wearing a piece of woollen
cloth resembling a napkin, wrapped round the
body like an apron; and on my saying to him,
What dost thou call it? he answered, l*;* : (T :)
[the modern l^, in every case in which I have

[Book I.

seen it, I have observed to be an oblong piece of
thick woollen cloth, generally brown or of a dark
or ashy dust-colour, and either plain, or having
stripes so narrow and near together as to appear,
at a little distance, of one colour ; used both to
envelop the person by day and as a night-covering :
the i)ji of Mohammad is described as about seven
feet and a half in length, and four and a half in

width, and in colour either j~aa-\ or j^m.\, i. e. of
a dark or ashy dust-colour or brown ; for such are
the significations of these two epithets when ap-
plied to a garment of this kind, and in some
other cases:] the pi. of >jj is j^jI (M, K) and

lot « J J

jljjl [both pis. of pane] and jj^j (S, M, K) and
ijj, (IAar, T,) or this last is pi. of oj^j, (S, M,)
and }\jj, like as ia\j3 is pi. of ]oji, or this, also, is

pi. of iiji, like ;is j,\jj is pi. of dutjj. (M.)__

Hi ■*, ,

iji ji, as opposed to .L_i= ji, means t A rich

man. (S in art. !>-*•) i^»j y^jj jj Uv*e^ f*j t

(so in copies of the K, in the TA <U»j,) or }}^i
4~~o$, (so in a copy of the A,) \ [There happened
between them two the rending of >$ji of the fabric
of Kl-Ycmcn, accord, to the reading in the K, or
of costly i^y., accord, to the reading in the A,]
means they arrived at a great, or sercre, state of
affairs ; (K ;) or is said of two men who have
contended together in vehement altercation so that
they have rent each other's garments ; (A ;)
[accord, to the reading in the K,] because ,,>»j,

[in the CK o^ii] which arc y^jj of El- Yemen,
arc not rent save on account of some groat, or

severe, thing, or affair. (K.) " Saw ^J 1»a

^loa.1 means \They two do one deed; or act
alike; (IAar, M,K;) and resemble each other,
as though they were in one »ijj : (IAar, M :) or
they two have become near together, and in a state
of agreement. (K in art. u-**-, q. v.)__And
" lyJA^ iUy-aJI ^..Lj I lie, or it, deprived the wine
of its colour. (A.) And iljiLjl lijj, (T,) or

* > '

w»jufcJI, (S,) \The two wings [of the locust, or of

. > . •*

the species called ^j^a.]. (T, S.) And " »ju

t j
^jUaJI t A certain sort of milk. (]£.)

••* *

yj-l Hail ; what descends from the clouds,

resembing pebbles ; (M, Msb ;) frozen rain ;
(Lth, T ;) what is called >»UiM C-- (S, A, Msb,

K) and 0>*" »r*^ ("l") ['• e. </ic grains, or
berries, of the clouds: a coll. gen. n., of which
the n. un. is with S, signifying a hailstone].

iji Possessing coldness or coolness : an epithet
applied to the [plant called] >j\5~o. (S.) _
Iji v^, (T, ?, M, K,) and t $, (S, £,)
Clouds containing hail (T, S, M, K*) and cold.
(T.) You say also iu J^Um « ^1 c/ourf containing
hail (T, S, M, A») anJ coW; (T ;) but not ^U-

rtijj. (M.)

iijj : see jjIj : = and see also iy^. = ^U ^yk
l^-ii »>^ iSAe « ^ureZy fAtne ; (Fr, A 'Obeyd, T,
S,M;) eyn. LoJU- : (M :) A 'Obeyd explains it
by UJU., (T, S,'M,) not in the fem. form, (TA,)

* *******

on the authority of Fr. (T.) __ l5 ^«j »i^ ^ yk,

Book I.]

(A'Obeyd,M,) or -u«J s£j 'j>, (S,) He, or
t<, u known to me. (A'Obeyd.S, M.)asi>^ a
proper name applied to The ewe. (K.)

i*jl : bcc j^, in five places.

iSJJ (T, S, M, A, &c.) and * i£ (T, M, K)

Indigestion ; a malady arising from unwholesome
food: (S, M, A, L, Msb, K :) or heaviness of
food to the stomach: (IAar, T, L:) so termed
because it makes the stomach cold. (T, L, Msb.)
It is said in a trad., ijjjl jlj Ji> J-ol [The
origin of evert/ disease is indigestion]. (T, S, M,*
A.) = Also, the former, The middle of the eye.

(SO

•Ijijj /In ague ; i. e. a fever attended by a cold
ft, (K,) or by shivering. (TA.)

ijiji A well-known kind of plant, (S, M,* K,)
of which the hind of paper termed ( _ r iU» J i is
made ; (TA in art. ^Joj3, q. v. ;) [namely,
papyrus; and] of which mats are made. ; (Msb;)
[npp. moaning rushes in general : but the former
is generally meant by it in the present day, and
is probably the pro|>cr signification : anciently,
mats, us well as rojx's and sails &<•., were made
of the rind of the papyrus; and even small boats
were constructed of its stalks bound together; and
of such, probably, was the ark in which the infant
Moses was exposed : it is a coll. gen. n. :] n. un.

ij.ijt- (M, TA.) Hence, (jfi^JI £4*5 The cotton
of the papyrus, which, resembling wool, is gathered
from the stalk, and, mixed with lime, composes a
very tenacious hind of cement. (Oolius, from Ibn-

Maaroof.) [ Also, a rel. n. from the same,

meaning Of, or belonging to, or resembling, the
plant so called. Hence the saying,] ijiji JL- lyl
[Site has a shank like a papyrus-stalk], (A.)

3 ..

^>ji One of tke most excellent sorts of dates :

(S, Msb :) an excellent sort of dates, (AHn, M,
K,) resembling the ,«jjj : (AHn, M :) or a tort
of dates ofEl-llijaz. (TA.)

• *•*

[O' >Ji Feeling cold or chilly or cool : fem. with

i : perhaps post-classical ; for I have not found it
mentioned in any of the lexicons.]

)\jj : sec jjL>. ass Also Weakness of tke legs,
from hunger or fatigue. (Ibn-Buzurj,T.) [See
also 1.]

Sjjj : see jjU — Beverage that cool* the heat
of thirst. (T.) — Also, (T, L, K,) and *!)£»,
(T, M, A, L, K,) Bread upon which water is
poured; (T, L, K ;) which is moistened with cold
water : (A :) eaten by women to make them fat.
(M, A, L.) The subst. applied to such bread is
* ju^> (A.) _ })}i [as an epithet in which the
quality of a subst. predominates] also signifies
Cold water which one pours upon hi* head. (M.)
— Anything with which a thing i* rendered cold,
or cooled. (S, M.)_vt collyrium which cools
the eye; (Lth, T, M, Msb ;) nlso termed jj^j
(•^ik (T,S.) — JJiM »j£ t Pleasant in social

intercourse : applied alike to the male and the

• j* a •'
female. (TA, from a trad.) ^^ ^>y A gar-
ment without nap : (K :) and a garment that it
mot warm nor soft. (TA.)
Bk. I.

AX

ju_»V : see >j^.ssAlso A mule appointed [for
the conveyance of messengers] in a 1*0* [or public
building for the accommodation of travellers and
their beasts, or in a iSLi, which is a house or the
like specially appropriated to messengers and the
beasts that carry them : thus it signifies a post-
mule: afterwards, it was applied also to a post-
horse, and any beast appointed for the conveyance
of messengers] : (Mgh :) [this is what is meant

by the words in the S and K, yJ^JI ju^JI ■] it
is a word of Persian origin, (Z in the F.'uk,)
arabicized, from j>* »jjjJ, (Z in the Faik, and
Mgh,) i.e. "docked," or "having the tail cut
off;" for the post-mules (j^^-JI Jl**) had their
tails cut off in order that they might be known :
(Z in the Faik :) [or perhaps it is from the
Hebrew "PD "a mule:"] or it is applied to the
beast appointed for the conveyance of messengers
(jj^JI i^1,>) because he traverees the space called

jujj [defined below : but the reason before given
for this appellation is more probable : it is like
the Lat. " veredus"] : (T, Msb :) pi. \'J, (Z, Mgh,
Msb) and >^ f which is a contraction of the former,

■ ft J J J ft * t - J

like as J-j is of J_y. (Z.) You say, ^J^i J^a.
jujJI j«i* [Such a one was borne on the post-
mule or post-horse]. (S.) Imra-cl-Keys speaks
of a j*>fi of the horses of Barbar. (S.) _ Having
been originally used in the sense first explained
above, it was afterwards applied to A messenger
borne on a post-mule [or post-horse] : (Z in the
Faik, and Mgh :) or messengers on beasts of the
post : (M, K :) or a messenger that journeys with
haste: (A:) or [simply] a messenger: (S, Msb,
K :) pi. as above. (M,* Z.) Hence the saying,
Oj-oJI jujj ^|» 11 Fever is the messenger of
death: (T, Msb:) because it gives warning thereof.
(T.) Hence also ±>jA\ applied to The animal
called JmI^aJI, (said to be the jackal, but some say
otherwise, TA,) because he gives warning before
[the approach of] the lion. (T, S, K.) And
ju^JI w_o-Uj [The master of the messengers that
journey on post-mules or post-horses]. (S.) [And
juj^lt J-»-, occurring in many histories &c, The
pott-horset, that carry messengers and othert.]—
Also, having been applied to a messenger on a
post-mule [or post-horse], it then became applied
to The space, or distance, traversed by the mes-
senger thut called; (Mgh, Msb ;•) the space, or
distance, between each iSL> and the ZSLi next to it ;
the iC-< being a structure of either of the kinds
called o-j and <U£, or a J»Vj [explained above],
in which the appointed messengers lodge ; (Z in
the Faik ;) the space, or distance, between two
stations, or places of alighting ; or two parasangs,
or leagues ; (M, K;) [six miles;] each parasang,
or league, being three miles, and each mile being
four thousand cubits : (TA :) or twelve miles ;
(S, A, Msb, K ;) i. c. four parasangs, or leagues :
(Mgh, TA:) [for] the space, or distance, bc-
twecn each station termed «Uw and the next to
it is either two parasangs or four: (Z in the
Faik :) the distance of twelve miles is [also]
termed J^/JI **- : (T :) the pi. is as above. (T,
Z.) A journey of four j^, or forty-eight miles,

185

renders it allowable to shorten prayers; which
miles are of the Hashimee measure, such as arc
measured on the road to Mckkeh. (T.)__Also
The course, or pace, of a camel along the space
thus called: so in the following verse of Muzarrid,
in praise of 'Arabeli El-Owscc:

J?** u*' -£" v£» J&

[May my mother, and my maternal aunt, and
my she-camel that is swift in her course to thee
from one station to another, be ransom* for thee,

'Arabeli, (the name being contracted,) Mi* day!].
(S-)

i>\jj Filings; (M, Mgh,K;) what falls from
iron [ij'c] when filed. (S.)

«' jj «•'

»>}ji : see ,>^.

»}\j4 A vessel which coolt water : (M, ]£ :) or
a 5jly= [app. meaning cither a ttand, or a shelf,
upon which mugs (^\y>£», pi. of jfSa,) areplaced;

erroneously in the K, »jl>^, and «;!>£», as I find
it in different copies;] upon which water is cooled:
(Lth, T, K-*) but [Az says,] I know not whether
it be a classical or a post-classical word. (T. '
Hence the saying, S^I^JI .Jl* yr ^t\j < £a wJl/ Their
mugs passed tke night upon the *>Uy. (A, TA.)

lj\i (S, M, Msb, £) Cold; chill; cool; (S,
Msb;) applied to water [&c] ; (M,K;) as also
T ijj, [originally an inf. n., like Jjtfr, used as an
epithet,] (M, K.) and t^, (S, M, £,) and l\\j'n
(M, K ;) but the last two arc intensive forms
[signifying very cold or chill or cool]. (TA.) _

1 Anything loved, beloved, liked, or approved.
(TA.) [Hence,] yj(( ^^ J An easy and a plea-
sant life, or state of life. (ISk,* T,» M, A, L, $.)
And iAe*H OjW 5JU» an <l J-s^^ " *>j4, [the latter
written in the TT ±£t*}\ tijtt] 1 -» night of easy
and pleasant life. (M, L.) And i>jif <U e :c : see
the latter word. _ >j\t j>y~> X A hot wind that
is constant, continual, permanent, settled, or inces-
tant. (S, L.) _ ijb uUI xJs. ^J \ A thousand
[pieces of money ice] are incumbent, or obliga-
tory, on him, to me, and established against him ;
or are owed, or due, to me, by, or from, him. (8,

M.») *iJ> lj^ 0*& »V, a^ >lk»JI *il/,

I Such a one came in a lean, or an emaciated,

iJi t<
ttate : in the contr. case, one says, <U~* IjU., and

»Uu«J1 jU.. (A, TA.) — [j^W also signifies

t Blunt ; applied to a sword and the like : see l._

And, contr., t Sharp : for you say,] )j\yt oUi^o

[pi. of »>jW» meaning] fSharp, or cutting, swords :

(TA :) or slaying swordt. (S.)

•ijW iSpoil acquired without fatigue; (IAar,
T ;) also termed SjjIj *W*} and to this is likened,
by the Prophet, fasting in winter. (T.) Also
f Cain made by merchandise at the time of one's
buying it. (IAar, T.)

}jj\ [More, and mott, cold, or chill, or cool].
_ [Hence,] 0'v"i" an & 'O'a^' The morning

24

180

between daybreak and sunrise, and the evening,
between sunset and nightfall ; (T, S, M, K ;) also

called oIJ-mH (§, K) and o^r-" ">d O^' :
(T :) or (as in the S, but in the M and K "and")
the morning-shade and evening-shade : (S, M, 1£ :)
so called because of their coldness, or coolness.
(TA.)_Ni'e also )jj.^>jj\ ,y A bull upon
which are spots, or patches, of n kite and black:

(S, M :) of the dial, of El- Yemen. (M.) And

Jjflfl The leopard: fern, with »: (T, K.: [but in
the TT, the fern, is written liko the mnsc. :]) pi.
ijW^I- (T, K.) The female is also called C$*Jt.
(t.)

*>*},(?, M,&c.,) with kesr (S, Mgh, £) to the .
and the j, (Mgh, TA,) [in the C£ »'£,] Cold
in the belli/, or inside; (M, JC;) a well-known
malady, arising from the prevalence of cold and
humidity, and preventing one, by languor, from
performing tht act of coition : (S, Mgh :) and
a dripping of the urine, which prevents a man's
taking pleasure in women. (T, L.) — Also Cold-
ness of the damp earth, and of rain. (M, L.)
An Arab says, jtyA\ SjjU lyjl [FmTy it (tlie
morning, 51 jJdl, L) is cold to-day] ; and another
says to him, i£pL>l Sjj^l ^ W*l OjW C«i> [It
is not cold : it is only the coldness of the damp
sarth]. (S, L.)

>;** [pass. part. n. of 4]. You say, i;^ ^jl :
• #««
see >}j~».

i^s* [net. part. n. of 4]. You say, Cnij*% i)u!».
U'e cam« to <A«c f»Aen the heat had become allayed.
(T.)^bAIso One sending, or who sends, a juw
[or )fi, 1. e., a messenger on a post-mule or jwrf-
Aotm, or messengers on post-mules or port-AotvM].

£. (S,K,«cc.) A file; (Mj) syn. o^J
(M, $ ;) which is a Persian word : (M :) pi.
ijCt. (Mfb.) — [Hence,] 1^* Zie. ajLJ Jji*.
t [He made his tongue like a file upon kim; i. e.]
he annoyed him, or hurt him, with his tongue, and
vituperated him. (A.) [See a saying of Moosa
Ibn-Jabir voce ,>»■.]

iij~» [A cause of coldness or coolness]. You say,
OJ*U »i>~» i^^l IJA [This thing is a cause of
coldness, or coolness, to the body] : and As relates
that he said to an Arab of the desert, " What
iiiduccth thee to take a sleep in the morning while

the sun is yet -low 1" and he answerrd, ijLI Li)
«-< »». to ta *

?SJ1 (j* *:■»..... >-wJI j_j* [Verily it is a cause

of coolness in the summer, and a catwj of warmth
in the winter]. (S, A.)

ij4j» : see what follows.

* >>,

i5s~» Made, or rendered, cold or cAi/J or cool :

(8, M|b, K :) [and *,»£» signifies the same in an

intensive manner:] applied to water [&c. : or

signifying mixed with snow : see iyJ\. (K.) _

*>}**» *H~- A. tree deprived of its leaves by the

r0 "'. ,( A ^ n ' M ') — '*.*>*• «>J* ( M » A, £) and
* •*«* ($) Land, or ground, hailed upon : (M,

£ :) or snowed upon. (A, TA.) _ See also

#*

ci^> : see what next follows.

iij£ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and S*jjj (Msb, K)

A [cloth of the kind called] ,_ r JU. which is put

# * *
beneath the [saddle called] J»y (S, Mgh, Msb,

K) of the camel: (Mgh:) pi. ci£ (Mgh, Msb)
and «>{#• (Mfb.) Ru-beh says, [using the sing,
without the I as a coll. gen. n.,]

[And beneath the curved pieces of wood of the
camels' saddles are the bardha'aks]. (TA.)«_
This is the primary signification : but in the con-
ventional language of our time, it is applied- to
An ass's saddle ; the thing upon which one rides
on an ass, like the ~-j~> to the horse; (M«b;)

[i. e. a pad, or stuffed saddle ; generally stuffed
with straw ; and used for a mule as well as for
an ass;] or an ass's <Ui>j ' s a saddle like the
J*.j and wsij. (TA voce ^»l£»l , q. v.) mmi*}ji
also signifies Land which is neither hard nor soft :
(K :) pi. as above. (TA.)

^JIjV A maker of cil^, pi. of icij^ : a rcl. n.
similar to ^Cil. (TA.)

Q. 1. o&, (M, C,) inf. n. *&, jT,) 2T«
(a horse) went in thj manner of the OM\»> 1- v -
(T, M, ]£.) -_ He (a man) was, or became, heavy,
or sluggish: whence IDrd thinks ^ji/* to bo
derived: (M,Msb:*) but this opinion is of no
account (M.)__7/e was unable to reply, (T,
K!,) when asked respecting a thing. (T.)^He
subdued, overpowered, or overcame: (]£: [expl.
by jyl and ^JA; but I think that the right
reading may be j^i and w^Jlc, meaning Ae was,
or became, subdued, &c. :]) said of a man. (TA.)

Ly^K [^ Aorw 0/ mean 6reed, or o/" coarse
make; a jade: but commonly applied to a AacA,
or hackney ; a horse for ordinary use, and for
journeying :] a Ith, (§,£,) not in an absolute
sense, but of a particular sort, namely, (MF,)
a horse that is not of Arabian breed: (T, MF :)
or a heavy, or sluggish, S^1,> : (so in a copy of
theS:) or a coarse horse : (Towsheeh,TA:) or a
horse of coarse make, hardy so as to endure travel
upon the mountain-roads and rugged ground, not
of Arabian breed, mostly brought from Er-Room
[meaning Asia Minor or Greece] : (TA, from
the Expos, of the 'Iralpeeyeh of Es-Sakhawee :)
or a horse of large and coarse make, with thick
limbs ; whereas those of Arabian breed are light
of flesh, lank in the belly,, and more slender in
the limbs : (El-Bajee, TA :) or a Turkish horse;
opposed to Arabian : (Mgh, Msb :) or a pacing-

[Booz I.

* "- • - »

horse; syn Ol**) : (TA voce n-*^-o-* ■) fem.

withe; (Ks, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K ;) sometimes;
but without i it is applied to the female as well
as the male : (IAmb, Msb :) pi. ^il\\^i. (T, S,
Mgh,?.)

•■ »** •*•

,j}j-* A,, owner of a Oi^H '• (5 or a rt ^ <?r
thereon. (TA.)

in

1. )Z, (S, A, M «b, K,) aor. '- , (S, TA,) inf. n.
JSJ*> (?, Msb, TA,) He (a man, S) went, or
came, or passed, out, or forth ; he issued. (S, A.)
He (a man, TA) went, or came, or passed, out,
or forth, into the field, plain, or open tract or
country : (K :) or did so to satisfy a want of
nature: (TS, TA :) as also, in lie former sense,
(£,) or in the latter, (S,) 1/^3; (S,$,TA;)
ami jjj ; (Sgh,TA;) and so, in the former sense,
*jjV, inf. i). }jj*5 ; (Hnr p. 510;) [and in the
latter sX;nse, ^jjW> accord, to an explanation of
its part. n. jjUo in Har p. 5GG :] or »jj«J signi-
fies he voided his excrement, or ordure. (Mgh,
Msb.) You say, ^Li\ ,J> Jjil\ ,Jj jj^ He
went, or came, out, or forth, into the field to
his adversary in buttle or war. (TA. ) — He,
or t'r, (a man, TA, or thing, Msb, or anything,
Fr,) appeared, or became apparent, (Fr, Sgh,
Msb, K,) after concealment, (Fr, !£,) or after
obscurity; (Sgh;) as also j^>. (Sgh,K.) — [It
was, or became, prominent, or projecting : often
used in this sense.] = jjj, (Msb, K,) inf. n.
»j\ji, (Msb,) He (a man) was, or became, such
as is termed jjj, q. v. : (Msb, K :) and in liko
manner, Ojjj, inf. n. as above, she (a woman)
was, or became, such as is termed $jj^. (A.)

2. tjj^, (inf. n. >»>~3, S, K,) He made it

apjmrent, manifest, plain, or evident ; he showed,

or manifested, it ; (S, A, K ;) namely, a writing,

or book, (A,) or other thing; (S, A ;) as also

♦ tjji\ : (A, Msb :) or ^tLCJI T j^t signifies

he put forth, or produced, the writing, or book ;

j ' * • 1
syn. 4mf j *k\ : (TA :) and [as it often signifies

• ' * * *

in the present day,] published, it; syn. s^lLi. (K,
TA.) [See also 4 below.] It is said in the Kur
[xxvi.91 and lxxix. 30], ^ jt^ . a .JI Ojjjj, meaning
And Hell shall be uncovered. (A.) _ ««^lj jjj
He (a horse) saved his rider. (K.^ = Soe also

1 [Hence,] J^ii\ j^, (S, Msb,) or ^ j^

jJiJI, (K,) inf. n. jij*3, (Msb,) The horse out-
stripped (S, Msb, K) the [other] horses (Msb, K)
in the race-ground: (Msb:) it is suid of a horse
that outstrips in a race : and, accord, to some,
the like is said of whatever outstrips : (TA :)
and 2j\£}\ ^^ic jj^ [lie (a horse) passed beyond
the goal]. (A.) — Hence, ^JLiJI ^j jj/, inf. p.
as above, He surpassed, or excelled, his fellows
in knowledge. (Msb.) And [simply] jj^ He
surpassed his companions (S, K) in excellence, or
tn courage. (]£•) And *5tj5l ,JU j>^ [He sur-
passed, or excelled, his fellows, o? hit opponents],
(A.) = See also 4, last signifies tion.

3. ^Jl ^4 ijjW, (A, Msb,» ?,•) inf. n.

Book I.]

jjj£ and )(#, (S, A, Msb, $,) -H« *>***> or
came, out, or forth, in the field, to [encounter]
him (i. e. his adversary) in battle, or tear. (K,*
TA.) = See also 1.

4. i>jjj\ He made, or caused, him (a man) to

go, or come, or pass, out, or forth : (S:) [er ro

jo, or rowi«, or pass, out, or forth, into the field,

plain, or o;/«n tract or country: (see 1:)] and

he made, or caused, it (a thing) <o jo, or come,

or now, out, or forth ; or /«r put it, or tooA tr,

i ' - »»
or drew i7, out, or ,/brf/t ; syn. 4*^*>t ; as also

* ttjj." r* (^C.) See also 2, in two places. =

j^t JT/e determined, resolved, or decided, upon

journeying : (I Aar, K :) the vulgar say *j^.

(TA.)

5 : see 1, in two places.

6. ^jljjUi; C* 77tr// fnw (meaning two adver-
saries) go, or come, out, or forth, into the field,
each to [encounter] the other, in battle or war.
(K, # TA.) 1jjU3 They both separated them-
selves, each from his company, and betook them-
selves each to the other. (K.)

10 : see 4.

jjl A man characterized by pleasing or goodly
aspect, and by intelligence : fern, with 2 : (S,
TA:) or a man of open condition or state:
(TA:) or pure in disposition ; (TA ;) abstaining
from what is unlawful and indecorous; (S, A,
Msb :) of great dignity or estimation : (Msb :)
fern, with »: (A, Msb:) pi. fern. £j\jjj: (A:)
or, as also ^^JjjJ, a man who abstains from what
is unlawful and indecorous, anil in whose intelli-
gence, (K.) or, as in some copies of the Tfc, in
whose excellence, <U.i\i,>, but litis is app. a mis-
transcription, or, as some say, in whose abstinence
from what is unlawful and indecorous, (TA,)
and his judgment, confidence is placed : (K :)
and ijjj a woman whose good qualities or actions,
or whose beauties, are apparent : (K :) or open in
her converse; syn. 5jjblj>I«: or, as in some correct
lexicons, disdainful of mean things ; syn. i)U-Xo :
or of middle age, («Uyi=>,) who is not veiled or
concealed like young women: (TA:) or of great
dignity or estimation : (AO, TA :) or who goes
or come* forth to people, and with whom they
sit, and of whom they talk, and who abstains
from what is unlawful and indecorous, and is
intelligent : (TA :) or who abstains from what is
unlawful and indecorous, and goes or comes forth
to men, and talhs with them, and is advanced
in age beyond those women who are he])t con-
cealed: (Mgh, Msb:) or open in her converse,
(SykUJu,) of middle age, (0^*,) of great dignity
or estimation, who goes or comes forth to people,
and with whom they sit and talk, and who
abstains from what is unlawful and indecorous :
(K:) or tn whose judgment, and her abstaining
from what is unlawful and indecorous, confidence
is placed : (TA :) or who does not veil her face
from a man and bend her head down towards
the ground. (IAar, on the authority of Ibn-Ez-
Zubeyr.)

I •- «•'

* **

)\ji A field, plain, or wide expanse of land,

ijt—js-j*

(S, Msb, K,) without trees; (Msb;) as also
♦ j\jt ; but this latter form is rare : (Msb :) or
an open tract of land destitute of herbage and
trees and without hills or mountains: (Mgh,
M?b :) or a place in which is no covert of trees
or other things: (Fr,S :) an open place in which
is no covert. (TA.) — [Hence,] ^I^JI ^1 Mt\
t He went forth to satisfy a want of nature.
(A.) And j*Jl j£jl >ljt lil \[When he desired
to satisfy a want of nature, he went far off] : a
trad. ; respecting which El-Khattabee says that the
relaters of traditions err respecting the word, pro-
nouncing it with kesr, for T jWy is an inf. n. : but
(SM says that) authorities differ as to this point.

(TA.) [It is further said,] )£*, (Mgh, Msb,)

or tjWy, (S, K,) is metonymically applied to
{Excrement; human ordure; (S, Mgh, Msb,
£ ;) the/«ce» of food. (S.)

* ' • "

j\ji : soc j\y>, in three places.

« * * **

jjV ft ct. part. n. of jjf [q. v.]._ Wholly, or

entirely, apparent or manifest. (TA.) _ ^jojV

SjjV Land that is apparent, open, or uncovered,

(Bd and Jel in xviii. 45, and TA,) upon which

is no mountain nor any other thing, (Jel,) or

that has no hill nor mountain nor sand. (TA.)

^$jjt\ ■ see what next follows.

Jij^\ (Sh, IAar, A, Msb, K) and *ij^J, (Sh,
IAar,K,) the latter of which is incorrectly written

in [some of] the copies of the K <^$}ijj\ , (TA,)

Pure gold : (Sh, Msb, 1$. :) or an ornament of

pure gold: (IAar:) the former an arabicized

word [app. from the Greek oiipv^ov, as also the

latter] : (Msb :) of the measure j.)-*il ; the • and

^ being augmentative. (IJ.)

*"• *

jj~e [lit. A place to which one goes forth in

the field, or plain, or open tract or country;]

a privy, or place where one performs ablution ;

syn. Liji* ; (S ;) [as also " jj~«, occurring in
the TA in art. jyt-.]

jj^ 4>t*». (?.) and t L^, (S,M ? b,K,)
A writing, or booh, put forth, or published;
syn. jy^» ■ (S, K :) or made apparent, shown,
or manifested: (Msb:) *the latter anomalous;

"**

(S, Msb;) being fromj^l; (Msb;) and AH&t

disapproved it; and thought that it might be a
mistake for ;y>», meaning "written; but it
[is said that it] occurs in two poems of Lebeed :
(S :) in one of these instances, however, for
j^j**JI, some read jj-^JI ; and Sgh says that
he found not the other instance in the poems of
Lebeed : IJ says that " j^ r ^\ is for a/ jjj--»J1.

(TA.) You say, t ij^jli Cd& '»'£& 'j3 Tliey
had given him a writing, or book, published;
I. e., tj>iiU. (TA.)

j)j~» : sec jj— », throughout.
• i'-j •'•'

j*?+ : see jj^.

f-jji A thing that intervenes between any two
things : (L :) or a bar, an obstruction, or a thing

187

that makes a separation, between two things : (S,
A, L, K :) so in the £ur lv. 20 : pi. lj£. (L.)

_ The interval between the present life and that
which is to come, (S, A,) from the period of
death to the resurrection, (S, A, K,) upon which
he who dies enters; (S, K ;) the period, or state,
from the day of death to the day of resurrection :
so in the I£ur xxiii. 102. (Fr.) — oCi*j>t £-j&
What is between the beginning of faith, (L,JC,)
which is the acknowledgment, or confession, of
God, (L,) and the end thereof, (L, K,) which
is the removal of what is hurtful from the road :
(L:) or what is between doubt and certainty.
(L,K.)

jsr>ti

Q. 1. jytji He (a man) was affected with the
disease termed jtdji ; (S, Mgh, Msb, £ ;) as
also^-ij. (TA.)

^\Jf>, (in the T with fet-h, [>C^,] Mgh,) A
certain malady, or disease, (S, Msb, I£,) well
known, (S, Msb,) attended by delirium : (K :)
[in the present day, this term is applied to the
pleurisy, as also s -^ 1 °'i > al> d *° lt ' s cx *
plained by Golius and Frcytag ; or, as the latter
adds, accord, to Avicenna, plcurodyne: but] in
some of the books of medicine, it is said to be
a tumour, (Msb,) or a hot tumour, (TA,) that
is incident to the septum which is between the
liver and the bowels, [app. meaning the upper
parts of the greater and lesser omentum,] and
then reaches to the brain : (Msb, TA :) also
pronounced >l—W : (ISk, Msb :) »'. q. jtys : (M,
TA :) it is an arabicized word ; (IDrd, Mgh,
Msb;) or seems to be so; composed of^v and
>»U ; the former of these, in Persian, signifying
the "breast," or "chest;" and the latter, "death"
[and " fire" and " a swelling ;" of which diree
meanings, the second and third arc agreeable
with the two explanations of jA*ji given above] :
so says Az. (TA.)

J^i-<^, with kesr, (£,) vulgarly pronounced
with fet-h to the v> l^fjiil ( TA ,) [Alexan-
drian trefoil or clover; trifolium Alexandrinum;
described by Forskal in his Flora Aegypt. Arab,
p. 139 ; the most common and the best hind of
succulent food for cattle grown in Egypt : it is
sown when the waters of the inundation are
leaving the fields; and yields three crops; the
second of which is termed L/j ; and so is the
third; but this is generally left for seed : when
dry, it is termed ^-iji : if his words have not
been perverted by copyists, F explains it as] the
grain of the i»JJ, (1»>UI «^-*- [but I think it
probable that this is a mistranscription, for j^
l»JiJI, i. e., the best of the (species of trefoil, or
clover, called) iojS,] resembling the i-J»j [or
iliy], or superior to this latter in size, or quality
(\lc ,>.!): (SO the bji resembles the 3^> it
[written in the TA without the vowel signs,]
but is superior to this latter in size, or quality
(Vu J*-')' and larger in the leaves, and is what
is called in Persian jJ*A [or^j^-]: (AHn, TA:)

.24 •

188

it is one of the best kinds of herbage for horses
and the like, which fatten upon it. (TA.)

• « •
_*— ijj\ , (M, [and thus written in copies of the

K,]) with kesr to the j [as well as the >], accord,
to IAar., (M,) [and] with fet-h to the .- ; (K ;)
or j*-ijt\i (M;) and [app. ^^-j^t,] with damm
to the wr > ; (K ;) or it has three dial, forms ;
accord, to ISk, it is _ xr — jjjI [app. j^-j ol ] ; others
say that it is ^— jy>\ [app. yr~it^ ]> w 'th fet-h ;
IAar says that it is^-j^t, with kesr to tlie •
and the j, and with fet-h to the ^3, and he says
that there is not in the language an instance of
JXju], with kesr, but there arc instiinces of

JV*J, as ^UJ [q. v.] and^^'l; (S; [but
I find that in two copies of that work, and in
the- I ,, this passage is mutilated ; for it runs thus ;
" ISk says that it is^-j^jl, with kesr to the •
and j, and with fet-h to the ^a," &c. ;]) or one
of its dial, forms is >r -j^l, with kesr to the • and
the j and the ^ ; but ISk disallows this, [or,
probably, as appears from what has been said
above, we should read here, "accord, to ISk,
but others disallow this,"] saying that there is
not in the language an instance of JJ«ail with
kesr to the [former] J, but with fet-h, as *J^JUb1

and Jjujil; and the second form lS >r -^l l with
fet-h to those three letters: and the third is
jr-iyA, with kesr to the., and fet-h to the j
nnd the ^; (Msb;) and IB [appears to indicate
the second and third of these forms, for he] says
that some pronounce jr-i.^ with fet-h to the
• and the j, and some pronounce it with kesr to
the ., and with fet-h to the ^-j (TA ;) Silk;
syn. fiy*-: (M, IjC :) or, accord, to some, spe-
cially, rata silk : (TA :) [it is said that] jij*.
is tho same as jr-ij^ '• (Msb in art. j*- :) or
dressed silk ; syn. *-jJ*« jr-ij4\ l (Mgh and
Msb in that art. :) or stuff wholly composed of
silk: or of which the woof is silk : (Mgh in that
art., from tho .Tenia et-Tcfareck :) [and it is also
said that] ji is the same as ^-j^\ : (K in art.
ji :) or a kind thereof: (S in that art. :) or that
whereof j,-tjA is made : (Lth, Az, Msb, TA, all
in that art. :) [medicinal properties are ascribed
to it : it is said that] it is exhilarating, warming to
the body, moderate in temperament, and strength-
ening to the sight when used as a collyrium :
(K:) the word is arabicized, (S, Msb, K, [but
in the last it is said, after the explanation of die
meaning, " or it is arabicized,"]) from [the Per-
sian] j^i-ijA [i. e. j^ijfi} : (TA :) and is per-
fectly decl., even if used as a proper name, in the
manner of a surname, because it was arabicized
in its indeterminate state, not like J>U— -t &c,
which were arabicized in their determinate state,
and are not used by the Arabs indeterminately.

(90
i » • i »«»•

t»5T""'L*t or \JT***\ t &c, J A manufacturer
[or seller'] of jr-ij<\. (TA.)

jr-'jv* A man affected with the disease termed

9% 9.9.3

>L>jy; (Mgh, Msb, K ;) as also ^-Ju*. (Msb,
TA.)

js-j*— «>»K

*> \j-jii aor. - , inf. n. ^i^, t. q. ^ojt, aor. : ,

inf. n. y^joji : (Msb :) [or rather, used allusively

for the latter verb : sec ij»jfi. Sec also ^i^p,
below.]

9. \j*j$, inf. n. »j-li>^l , 7/c (a horse) was, or
became, marked with small specks, called t^,
differing from the rest of his colour. (S.)

\J*jt, in the hair of a horse, Small specks, dif-
fering from the rest of the colour ; (S, K ;) as
also "ii^j: (K:) or both signify a colour in
which one speck is red and another black or dust-

colonrcd or the like. (TA.) And hence, (TA,)

the former, (A, TA,) or * both, (K,) A whiteness
that appears upon the nails. (Ibruhccin El-Har-
bce, A, K.)_- And the former, White specks in
the skin. (A.) [See also 1.]

9 * 99 •.'

i-K : see cAk, in two places.
ij-tji '• we v*ji\.

3 .91

yj*/i\, applied to a horse, (S, K,) or to one of the
sort termed Ojir*> (Lh>) Marked with the small
specks termed ^i^ ; (Lh, S, K ;) as also *^^.
(K.) Also, Jli^ 5li A ewe, or she-goat, marked
with speclts of various colours. (TA.) And **».
Jlii^ A serpent black speckled with white, or
white spechled with black. (TA.)_ [Hence,]

'• 1- w^tK 1 : ' em - >**Ji '■ P'- kAh '• (Msb :) [or

J -ml

ratlicr, used allusively for yjojjh ; for] Jedhecmch
(S.A.If) Ibn-Mdlik (S,TA) Ibn-Fahm, (TA,)
the king [of El-Hecreh], (^,) was surnanicd
>Jiji"$\ in allusion to his being ^^t ; (S, A, K ;)
tho Arabs fearing to apply to him this latter
epithet: (K :) or he was thus called because he
was marked with black or red specks caused by a
burn. (Kh.) _ yi/^l ^IC« A place of various
colours, abounding in plants or herbage: (K:)
and 'XZijj ^joj\, and iUr^ «Uw, land, and a year,
in which is abundance of herbage (Kb, K) of
various colours; (Ks;) as also t\L> i and ilLtj.
(TA.)

1. yjojf, (S, [so in two copies, in one mentioned
by Freytag ^jojj, which is a mistake,] M, Msb,
K,) aor. - , (Msb, K,) inf. n. J^, (M, Msb,)
He (a man, S) was, or became, affected with
yjoyt [or leprosy (see ^ojf below)]. (S, M, Msb,
?:.) [See also J&J.]

2. L.\j v°ji, (A,) inf. n. ^^jJ, (K,) \ lie

shaved his head. (Ibn-'Abbad, A, Sgh, K.)

Jb'})\ ^W1 u^i, (TK,) inf. n. as above, (K,)
\The rain fell upon the land before it was ploughed,
or tilled. (Ibn'-Abbad, Sgh,K.)

4. ^jojj\ He begot a child t/iat was ^aj^\ [or

leprous], (IC.JmxaJM a^.^1 Qod rendered him,

or caused him to be or become, v°h\ [or leprous].
(S,K.)

5. Ji^\ yjttjj I He (a camel, A, TA) found
no pasture in the land without depasturing it;
(Sgh, K ;) left no pasture in the land. (A.)

[Book I.

uojt, with fet-h, <A certain small reptile (i-^ j j)
tliat is in the well. (Ibn-'Abbad, Sgh, K. [In
the CK, jt*ij\ ^ is put by mistake for Jj\ ^.])

[IVrhaps it is the same as is called ^o^>, (see tbii-
word below,) which may be a vulgar pronuncia-
tion ; and if so, this may be the reason why the
author of the K has added, conU. to his usual
rule, " with fet-h."]

#«j •">*

^oyt i. q. ifcjj [A lizard of the species called

gecko, of a leprous hue, as its name ^joji indicates;
so applied in the present day] ; (TA ;) and yf\
Ifjejjj, (M,) or ^^jajyf •?, (TA,) is a surname
of the same. (M, TA.) [See also ^^^ ; and see
uOf*\ v»U>, voce uOffl ; and iucujj.]

• * *

^oj-> [ Leprosy ; particularly the malignant

species thereof termed " lewc ; "] a certain
disease, (S, TA,) well known, (TA,) which is a
whiteness ; (S ;) a whiteness incident in the skin ;
(M;) a whiteness which appears upon the ex-
terior of the body, by reason of a corrupt state of
constitution. (A, K.^—t What has become white,
in a beast, in consequence of his being bitten. (K,
TA.)

L>* f «• q. *& ; (ISh ;) pi. J,\*, (ISh, K,)
which signifies White places, (ISh,) or portions
distinct from the rest, (K,) in sand, which give
growth to nothing. (ISh, K.) _ The pi. also
signifies fTbc alighting-places of the jinn, or
genii : (K :) [reminding us of our fairy-rings :]
in which sense, also, it is pi. of a-ojj- (TA.) _
Also, the sing., t An aperture in clouds, or mist,
through which the face of the shy is seen. (M,
TA.)

• »» . .91 i . j,9%

i~ojj : sec i>»/<l j.Li, voce sjo^\.

^jajyi -A- shining, or glistening; syn. u y | t rf V
(A, K) and J»i^. (A.) a Also A certain plant,

'99

resembling the jut* [or cyperus], (A A, K,) grow-
ing in cliannels of running water. (AA.) =

jl 9 9*

*9.l 1.91 9.3 3t

uojji dim. of ^joji\, q. v. = ^ajji yf\ : see

9 99 9*3 3t t *

^jo^.w^s^oiji y*\ is also the name of A certain
bird, otlierwixe called ixJb, [so written in the TA,
without any syll. signs,] accord, to IKh, and
mentioned in the K in art. ^^aJ^. (TA.)

JLeujV A certain small reptile (5^-iuo <^<>),
smaller t/tan the is-j $ ; when it biles a thing, the
latter is not cured. (M, TA.) [Sec also \jojt ;

.-ll i - 3.91

and see \j°j^ >»^j voce u°ffl-]

3,9t 1.,

^oji\ [Leprous;] having the disease called ^cjj :

(S, M, K:) fern. JU^: (M, Msb :) pi. JJJf

(Msb, TA) and ^M^. (TA.) — Jo'£\ Jill, (S,
M, Msb, K,) the former word being decl., pre-
fixed to the latter as governing it in the gen. case;

# *9t U

(S, Msb ;) and i>»^l >»U>, as one word, the former
being indccl. with fet-h for its termination, and
the latter being imperfectly decl., (S, Msb,) in
this and in the former instance ; (Msb ;) and

. .01 it *

uOft\ ya-3 ; (as in some copies of the K in art. >rrf ;)

* * * -

i. q. &ij)}\ [The species of lizard described above,

9 93

voce sjojt] : (M, and so in the JK and K in art.

?■

Book I.]

'

.)) :) or such as are large, of the t)} [whereof

icj^ is the n. un.] : (A, Mfb :) or [one] of the
large [norts] of the Ijj : (8, K. :) determinate, as
a generic appellation : (S, TA :) As Bays, I know
not why it is so called : (TA :) [the reason seems

to be its leprous hue: see u°jt'-] its blood and
its urine have a wonderful effect when put into
the orifice of the penis of a child suffering from
difficulty in voiding his urine, (IC, TA,) relieving
him immediately ; (TA ;) and its head, pounded,
when put upon a member, onuses to come forth a
thing that has entered into it and become con-
cealed therein, such as a thorn and the like : (K:)

the dual is sj°^ ^"^ : (S, M, Mfb, K :) and the
pi. is ^oji\ »ly- f (§, M, A, Msb, K,) vo#\
having no dual form nor pi. ; (M ;) or, (K,) or
sometimes, (Mfb,) or if you will you may say,
(S,)>1^~JI, without mentioning^^il; and *A«ojJI;
(S, Mfh,K;) and Jo)h\ ; (S, M, A, Msb, K ;)
without mentioning j\-t ; (S, Mfb, K ;) the last
of these pis. being as though formed from a rel. n.,

[namely, ifOftl,] although without [thn termina-
tion] i, like as they said 4-JV*" [ for ^W 1 ]-

(M.) J>£)\ The moon. (A, Sgh, K.) [So

called because of its mottled hue.] You say, c~>
uoji*)\ *j\ ^_5~ »y» *) [I passed the night, none but
the moon cheering me by its presence]. (A, TA.)
__;Lo>y i~— A serpent having in it, (K,) i.e.,
in it* shin, (M, TA,) white places, distinct from
the general colour. (M, K, TA.) __ iLojv ^bj\
t Luntl bare of herbage; (A ;) of which the herbage
htis been depastured (K, TA) t» some places, so
that it has become bare thereof. (TA.)

Q. 1. jL^i, (inf. n. lii^, TK,) He placed a
long stone (J^eji) in the fore part (»|jl , q. v.,)
of his watering-trough. (Lth, JC.) sat [ He gave
him a J*^, or bribe;] lie bribed him. fJJL.)
And jlo# He was bribed. (TA.)

Q. 2. JJ»j*» He received a [Jm or] bribe.

• > > .,

J-J»^ A long stone: pi. J*k^: (8:) or a
broad stone: (TA in art. jsjj:) or a stone (Seer,
A, £) of an oblong form (A, TA) a cubit in
length, (Seer, TA,) or an iron, long, broad, and
hard by nature, (K,) not such as is made long, or
sharpened or made sharp-pointed, by men, (TA,)
with which the millstone is peeked (_^U3 [i. c.,
wrought into shape, and roughened in its surface,
by pecking]): so says Lth: (TA:) to this is
sometimes likened the muzzle, or fore part of the
nose and mouth, of a she-camel of high breed :
(Lth, TA :) [and hence,] it signifies also t the
muzzle, or fore part of the nose and mouth, of an
old bear : (TA :) some say that the dual signifies
two elongated stones, of the hardest hind, slender,
and sharp-pointed, with which the millstone is
pecked (jL2 [explained above]). (TA.) Also,
(K,) accord, to Sh, (TA,) A pickaxe, or stone-

cutter's pick; syn. J>jw: (Sh, Msb,K:) pi. as

above : accord, to I Aar, what is called in Persian
aJwI [app. a mistranscription, or a dial, van, of
iUCll]. (TAOsaojl bribe; syn. SyLy. (Msb,
K :) app. mentioned in the K as an Arabic word ;
and if so, the pronunciation with fet-h to the >_>
is a vulgarism, since there is no such measure as
^^sJUi : Abu-l-'Ala El-Ma'arrec says that it is not
known in this sense; in the [classical] language of
the Arabs ; and it seems as though it were taken
from the same word signifying " an oblong stone ;"
as though the bribe were likened to a stone that
is thrown : (TA :) or it seems as though it were
taken from the same word signifying a Jyte ;
because therewith a thing is got out ; (Msb ;) and
so El-Munawec asserts it to be : (TA :) pi. as
above. (Mk1>,K.) Hence the phrase, J-Ja^JI a«a}|
[He tipt him the bribe ; conveyed it to him in like
manner as one puts a morsel into another's mouth;
somewhat like our phrase he greased his fist].
(TA.) And the saying, J*1»W1 r£> Je^WI
[Bribes render victorious false allegations]: (Msb,
TA:) aprov. (Msb.)

ta j* •*»
iritjJI JJe>f* A man having a long head. (A

in art. j^».)

1. J~aJI f-y> He ascended, or ascended upon,

'- »* 00

the mountain. (TA.) _ And <t-»-U> o.y> He
was, or became, superior to his companion ; he
excelled him; (I Aar;) he overcame him. (]£.)
= gj* (8, Mfb, £,) aor. - ; (Mfb, MS, P$,
[accord, to the TA, which is followed in the
TI£ , - , which is evidently a mistake,]) and cj/,
aor. - ; (S, Mfb, KL ;) and c^ , aor. ; ; (Sgh, K ;)
inf. n. gjji, (M, £,) which is of ijj, (TA,)

% 00 0J0

and i*[fi, (S, M, Mfb, K,) which is of cj-> [and
is the more common] ; (Msb, TA ;) He excelled
in knowledge, or courage, or other qualities :
(Mfb :) or he excelled his companions in know-
ledge $c. : (S, £ :) or he was, or became, accom-
plished, perfect, or complete, in every excellence,
and in goodliness. (M, K.)

5. 'U»ji)L> c,j0j He gave what was not incum-
bent, or obligatory, on him ; he gave supereroga-
torily : (^ :) or lie gave gratuitously, unasked,
or unbidden : (TA :) as though he affected ac-\jj
[or excellence] therein, and generosity. (Z, TA.)

And j-»^W *>y H* did, or performed, the thing,
or affair, disinterestedly ; not seeking, or desiring,
a compensation. (Mfb.) And ily»JLi ej*3 [He
engaged unbidden, or disinterestedly, in war
against unbelievers]. (Mfb in art p^b.)
•' ' • '

• -

ejb Anything overtopping. (IAar.) _ Ex-
celling in knowledge, or courage, or other quali-
ties : (Mfb :) or excelling his companions in
knowledge fyc. : (S, K :) or accomplished, perfect,
or complete, in every excellence, and in goodliness :
(K:) fern, with S. (K.) And t^', applied
to a woman, (IAar,) Excelling in goodliness, or
beauty, fend in intelligence. (IAar, K.) And

189

<UjLi, applied to a girl, Goodly, or beautiful.

(TA.) cjL« y>\ A case, a state, or condition,

or an affair, exalted, or of high estimation;
(TA ;) goodly, or comely. (£, TA.) — JJL.

t "

cjUl A certain j&>*J [or uffrm], (TA, [in
which it is here said to be " of the Mansions,"
i. e., of the Mansions of the Moon ; but it seems
that J-J, or the like, has been omitted by a
copyist; for it is said in art jju, (q. v.,) on
several authorities, to be not of the Mansions of
the Moon.])

<l~o t^il IJjk Thts is larger, bigger, or more
bulky, than lie, or it. (K, TA.)

* •*" t > *

Uj-io AJUi He did it without its being incum-
bent, or obligatory, on him ; supererogatorily :
or gratuitously, unasked, or unbidden: or dis-
interestedly ; not seeking, or desiring, a compen-
sation : syn. U*kiU. (S, K.)

00 & * * # '

Q. 1. ljaf-£*\ £~+*ji The tree put forth its
j*e*j* [pi. of >yt*], (S,) or its ii*^. (M, ^.)

hat next follows.

j>ytji and ~j&ji (S, K) and » <U>»K nn ^ *•*#
(^1) The calyx of the fruit, or produce, of a tree:
(K :) and blossoms, or white blossoms, syn. jy,
(K, TA,) before they open: (TA:) or flowers,
(S, and Mfb in explanation of the first word in
art. >kj,) or the flower of a tree, (!£,) before the
opening thereof: (S, Mfb ubi supra, K :) pi.
jtt^ji. (S, TA.) __4**j^ also signifies The heads,
or tops; or round, high, slender tops; or peaks;
(ijjUi;) of mountains: (AZ, K:) sing. ▼<Uy^.
(AZ^TA.)

*+y*j1 : see j>^ji, in two places.

^>^ji, (S, Tfc.,) also, accord, to Es-Suyootce,
with fet-h and with kesr to the first letter, and
Dmr says the like; [so that it is app. written
also Oyyj, as it is commonly pronounced by
the vulgar, though it is generally said that there

> #

is no word of this measure except JykjM ; and
O^y, like 0.jiy» *° r merc ' 9 no wort l °f tne
measure J>i*> ;] but each of these two forms
requires proof; (MF ;) [like the Hcbr. E&nQ»
which, accord, to Gesenius, is undoubtedly from
an ^Bthiopic root signifying " to spring," " to
dance ;" The flea ;] a certain insect (i--.^),
resembling the uoy^; (TA;) well known: (£:)
[a coll. gen. n. : n. un. with i :] pi. «t^Uy. (S.)

t L J&, (S, Mgh, ?,) aor. '- , (8, Mgh,) inf. n.
SzH> (S,) or Sift, (Mgh, £,) or this is a simple
subst, (8,) and J^ and o^» (^S> TA ; Dut '"

190

the CK J^ as in the $,) It (a tiling, Mgh, K,
a sword, &c., S, and tlie dawn, K, TA) shone,
gleamed, or glistened. (S, Mgh, K, TA.) — _ Also
Maid of a cloud, aor. as above, inf. n. ^ *j and
^ji and \jVji, It gleamed or shone [with light-
ning]; and so T Jj*yl, (JK,) an *l 'Jin 3 - (K m
art. -JU-.) And iUJI wJ£, (8, Msb, K,) aor.
as above, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. £Wjj (As , S, Msb,

K) and jy (Msb, TA) and jjj*, (K,) 7/Ae «Ay
lightened ; (Msb, K ;) as also * C-J^l : (AO,
AA, K :) or gleamed or jAone [wif/i lightning] :
(S, K :) or lightened much before rain ; as also
* cJ*t. (TA in art. j*j.) And j£jl j£J The
lightning appeared. (K.) _ And [hence] said of
a man, (JK, Msb, K,) or Jj^j jy»J, (S,) JJ/e
threatened; (JK.S, K ;) or he threatened with
evil; (Msb;) [or he threatened and menaced;]
or he frightened (S mid K in art. js-f) «n<Z threat-
ened; (Sin that art. ;) and ♦ Jj^jt signifies the

same ; (JK, Msb, K ;) and so Jjj'j juBjI : (K :)
or, accord, to As, j^jl and Ji^t arc not allowable.
(TA, and 8 in art. js- } , q. v.) But cJ^, inf. n.
Jyj, said of a woman, (K,) or cJjvj Oj^j, (8,)
means { £/<« beautified (S and A in art. .xc,, and
K) nnrf adorned herself, (§, K,) [as also * cJjJ,
(occurring in the K in art. Jilt, coupled witli its

syn. w-U^p,)] and showed, or presented, herself,
(A in art. jl*>, and TA,) ^j) <o fwc: (A in art.
«**>:) or *A« exhibited her beauty intentionally :
(TA :) and * C-J// means the same, (Lh, K,)
inf. n. cfc!j-y; (TA ;) and so ^wJ^t: (K:) you

say, l tt ,„fc jjIxj V**-y " ^-j^' t She beautified
herself in her face and the rest of her person :
(Lh, TA:) and \yJL 3 J>» * CJ>/1 J S/ic jAoroed
A«r /(7<-fi. (JK, Ibn-Abbwl, K.) _ Also, said
of a star, or an astcrism, It rose. (Lh,K.) One

says, ;U-JI ^y yr*^* \}ji *-» a-^** 1 *) I will not
do it as long as the star, or dsterism, [by which
may be meant the astcrism of the Pleiades,] rise*
in the shy. (Lh, TA.) — jJtJI Jfr, (S,) or i^,
( K ,) The eye or eyes, or hi.* eye or eyes, glistened,
(8, K,) 6«in/7 raised, or fixedly open : (S :) or
became raised, or fixedly open : occurring in the
Kur [lxxv. 7], accord, to one reading: (Fr,TA:)
or the eye, or his eye, became open by reason of
fright. (TA.) J^v has a different meaning,
which see below. (S.)_«£j^, said of a she-
camel, She put her tail between her thighs,
making it to cleave to her belly, without being
pregnant: (I Ayr, TA :) or she raised her tail,
and feigned herself pregnant, not being so ; as
also tcJgjA (Lb.S.K,) and \jj* CJ*I: (TA:)
or cJkyl signifies she smote with her tail at one
time upon her vulva and another time upon her
buttocks ; and also, she feigned herself pregnant,

*

not being so. (JK.)__Jj^ He feared, so that

he was astonished or amazed or stupified, at seeing

the gleam of lightning : (TA vocej*-/:) or his (a

man's) sight became confuted in consequence of his

looking at lightning. (Bd in lxxv. 7.) And hence,

(Bd ibid.,) >JI £* (S,Bd,) or \'j^ (K,)

aor. -; (§,£;) «*<* Jji> *° T - l i ($0 or ^
latter has [only] a meaning explained above ;

(8 ;) inf. n. Jj#, which is of the former verb ;

4*

(S ;) accord, to the K, J^j ; but this is wrong ;
(TA ;) and [of the latter verb,] Jj^ ; (Lh, K ;)
The eye or eyes, or Am eye or eyes, became dazzled,
so as not to close, or move, the lid, or lids : (S,
K :) or became confused, so as not to see. (K.)
aj-au J_^ signifies also ///* eye or f yes, or Am
sight, became weak : whence »Uj£ wJjj His

two feet became weak. (TA.) Also Jm alone,
(TA,) inf. n. jj^', (Fr, K, TA,) He (a nian, TA)
was frightened ; or he feared, or mi afraid :
(Fr, It, TA :) and he became confounded, or per-
plexed, and unable to see his right course. (K.)
— Jjj sa ' ( l °f a s ^' n > aor - '- > (JK, K,) inf. n.
Jljj, (JK,) so in the O, in which, as in the K,
the part, n., being Jj^i, indicates that the verb
is like «.y ; (TA ;) and Jj^j, (K,) so in the L,

(TA,) aor. '- , (K,) inf. n. J^ and Jj^j ; thus
in the L, which indicates that the verb is like

mm*

j*j ; (TA ;) It became affected by the heat so
that its butter melted and became decomposed,
(As, J K, K,) and did not become compact. (K.)
■sUai* Sfj, (JK,) or ,>►- jl Cip *»k',.(S,

K,) aor. -' , (JK,) inf. n. j£ (JK, S) and jjj^,
(L,) He poured upon the food, (JK,) or put
into it, (S,* K,) somcwliat, (JK,) or a small
quantity, (S, K,) of olive-oil (JK, S, K) or of
clarified butter. (S, K.) And ai w^^ / made
hit food [somewhat] greasy for him with clarijied
butter. (TA.) And C~>Jj i\^i\ ly^jl Pour yc
upon the mater a little olive-oil. (S.)ssswJ^
>*JI,aor. -, (S,K,) inf. n. &,(§,) The ske+p,
or goatt, had a complaint in their bellies from
eating the Jjjj : (S, K :) and in like manner, ^V^M
the camels. (TA.)

9*9 ** |J m>0 9 M

2. ft^i Jjit (JK,) or ej-ov J^V, (TA,) //«
glistened with hit eyes by reason of looking hard,
or intently. (JK, TA.*) And ***c J^j, inf. n.
ijr>j~i, He opened hit eyes wide, and looked

sharply, or intently. (Lth, S, K.) o^j, said

of a woman :' see 1. — And Jijtf 2Tc decorated,
or adorned, his place of abode. (El-Muarrij, K.)
__ cJj£j w-5^j 77<ou madett a sign with a thing,
that had nothing to verify it, [app. meaning thou
modest a false display, or a vain promise,] and
didst little (I Aar.) — Also Jjj, (inf. n. as above,
TA,) He (a man) journeyed far. (El-Muarrij
K.) — ^joUJI ^j» J^ He persisted, or per-
severed, in actt of disobedience. (El-Muarrij, K.)

t • t * ■*
>*"^" 15* <3^ ^* affair was unattainable, or

impracticable, to me. (K.)

4 : see 1, in eight places. _ Jj^/t, ( Aboo-Nasr,
S, K,) or **,.-.} £jj\, (JK,) said of a man, (Aboo-
Nasr, JK, $,) He made a sign with his sword
[by waving it about so at to make it glisten].

(Aboo-Nasr, JK, 8, K.) And Jj*t He betook

himself, or directed hit course, towards the light-
ning. (T A.) — He entered into [a trad where-
in mat] lightning. (TA.)_2fe saw lightning.

(TA.) Tufcyl uses the phrase ubjaJL ^i^l as
meaning They (women borne in vehicles upon
camels) saw the lightning of [the season, or the
rain, called] the «JL>-. (AAF, TA.) — He
mat mitten, or assailed, or affected, by lightning.

[Book I.

(S, K.) = cjill ii^l [app. Fright, or fear,
made him to be confounded, or perplexed, and
unable to see his right way : sec J^.]. (TA.) —
[And hence, perhaps,] j ^ -all JS^I //« roused
the game, or chase. (K.)

5 : sec 1, in two places.

10. Jij-i-'l /< (a jdace, and the horizon,) shone ,
or gleamed, with lightning. (TA.)

Jijt [Lightning ;] what gleams in the clouds,
(TA,) or, from the clouds; from Jjj/ [in the first
of the senses explained above], said of a tiling,
inf. n. [ J)jj and] Jjjj : (Bd in ii. 18 :) or an
angers smiting the clouds, and putting them in
motion, in order that they may become propelled,
so that thou scest the. fires [issue from them] :
(Mujahid, K:) or a whip of li-,ht with which
the angel drives the clouds : (I 'Ab, TA :) sing, of

3}j*t '• e -> °f ' nc Ji^ °f tne clouds : (S, K :)
or it has no pi., being originally nn inf. n. (Bd

ubi supra.) ^.~UJI Jjj and w~U- J^ and J^
wJLi- signify TAfft [lightning] which is without
rain. (S. [Sec also art. w~U..)]

••j *

Ji^ [Lizards of the .*]>eries railed] wiLs, pi.
3 - • ##

of w-o. (IAnr, K.) It is app. pi. of ^jjj or of

Jjj\ : more probably, I think, of the former;
from the raising of the tail, which is a habit of

* 1

those lizards.] = Sec also 23^.

Jjj A lamb; syn. J.,*, [q. v.]: (S, K:)a
Persian word, (S,) ambici/cd ; (S, K ;) ori-
ginally \£l (K:) pi. [of mult.] J&# (&,*$) and

• * • * ' ol

ijlSji and [of pane] JJ^I. (K.)

Jjj [part. n. of J^ : and particularly explained
as meaning] A skin affected by the heat so that
its butter melts and becomes decomposed, (JK,
O, K,) and docs not become compact. (K.)

iijj [app. an inf. n. of un., signifying A flash
of lightning]. (M, TA in art. uai^ssA fit
of confusion, or perplexity, affecting one in such
a manner that he is unable to see his right course.
(K,*TA.)

iijt A quantity of lightning : (Bd in xxiv. 43,
TA:) pi. *J>j; (TA;) or [this is a coll. gen. n.,
of which the former is the n. un. ; or, probably,
it is a mistranscription, and] the pi. is J_^>, also
pronounced Jyj. (Bd ubi supra.) = Hugged
ground in which are stones and sand and earth
mixed together, (S, K, TA,) the stones thereof
mostly white, but some being red, and black, and
the earth white and of a whitish dust-colour, and
sometimes by itt side are meadows (^ojj) ; (TA ;)
as also * JJrff and t iAsJj : (S, K, TA :) or a

portion of such land (^jcjl) at is termed " JI3^ ,
roAicA consists of tracts containing black stones
mixed with white sand, and wkich, when spacious,
it termed 1jji\: (JK:) [and] a mountain mixed
with sand; as also *Jj*l: (I Aar, TA :) the pi.
of \ijt is Sji ($. TA) and j£ 5 ( JK » ? ;) and
that of * Jjj/I is JijWt, (JK, 8, K,) after the man-
ner of a subst, because the quality of a subst.
is predominant in it ; (TA ;) and that of *.li^
is h\$Ji. (A?, IAar,S,K.) The J^J of the

Book I.]

country of the Arabs are more than a hundred ;
and are distinguished by particular adjuncts, as
jU&I isj* and JjU-^l 3%i &c. (K.) One says

'• » jiu

iiji JJUS [A hedge-hog of a Bji], like as one

gays ijj^a w— i. (S.)_ [The colour denoted

by the epithet Jj^t : in a mountain, a mixture of

» •■ • s

blackness and whiteness: see JU*-, voce * r J».1.]
= Paucity of grease or gravy (JK,TA) in food.
(TA.)

,jUy Shining much in the body: (JK, £0
applied to a man. (JK.)sa locusts when they
become yellow, and have variegated stripes or
streaks : (JK :) or locusts that are variegated
(K, TA) with white and black : (TA :) [a coll.
gen. n. :] n. un. with 5. (K.) _ [See also J^,
of which it is a pi.]

jjijj, (K,) with damm, (TA,) [vulg. JjjJ*
The plum ; or] small ^ VJ [°r plums] ; (K ;)
known in Syria by the name of Jjjl»- : (TA :)
and (as some say, TA) the JU-^-o [or apricot] :
a post-classical word [probably arabicized from
the Persian Jjy>J, which is applied to both the
fruits above mentioned]. (K.)

Jt^JI A certain beast which Mohammad rode
on the night of the ascension [to heaven] ; (S,
Msb,* K ;) or which the apostles ride in ascending
to heaven; resembling a mule; (Msb;) or less
than the mule, but. greater than the ass : (K :) so
called because of the intense whiteness of his hue,
and his great brightness ; or because of the quick-
ness of his motion ; in respect of both of which
he is likened to lightning. (TA.)

Jj« fi A she-camel raising her tail, and feigning
herself pregnant, not being so ; as also " j^o :
(S, K :) and T JSjW a she-camel putting her tail
between her thighs, making it to cleave to her
belly, not being pregnant: (IAar, TA:) pi. of
the first £ji ; (TA ;) and of the second JjjC«-
(S, K.) The Arabs say, iUUOj iM j& Of ^'i
Jjj^jl O^y*" [•£*' me alone and cease from thy
lying and thy sin like the she-cameTs raising of
her tail and feigning herself pregnant when she is
not so] : O^y* being in the actus, case as an
inf. n. : i. e., thou art in the predicament of the
she-camel that raises her tail so as to make one
imagine her to be pregnant when she is not so.
(TA.) The pi. Jji is also applied to scorpions,
as meaning liaising their tails like the she-camel
termed Jy^. (TA.)_ Also, applied to a man,
Fearful, or timid ; (JK;) or cowardly. (TA.)

£}ji A certain kind of plant (J K, S) which
camels do not feed upon except in cases of neces-
sity ; (JK;) a small, feeble tree, which, when
the shy becomes clouded, grows green : (K:) n. un.
with 1 : (S, K :) it was described by an Arab of
the desert to AHn as follows: a feeble, juicy
plant, having slender branches, at tke heads of
which are small envelopes (jU-o J-tl^i) like
chick-peas, in which is a kind of black grain : its
feebleness is such that it withers on the spot when
the sun becomes hot upon it : and nothing feeds
upon it; but men, when they are afflicted with
dearth, or drought, express from it a bitter juice,

then work it together, or knead it, with juJk [or
colocyntks, or the pulp, or seeds, thereof], or some
other thing, and eat it ; but it is not eaten alone,
because it occasions excitement : it is one of the
plants that are plentiful in time of drought and
scarce in time of fruitfulness ; when copious rain
falls upon it, it dies ; and when we see it to have
become abundant, and coarse, or rough, we fear
drought : accord, to another of the Arabs of the
desert, the aJj^j is a bad kind of herb, or legumi-
nous plant, that grows among the first of tke kerbs,
or leguminous plants : it has a reed like the J»L-<
[so I render 1»U_JI JJU i~ai \i, but 1 think that the
right reading is, i>Ll)l Jit w-a» lyJ it has twigs
like whips, agreeably with the description next
preceding, in which it is said to have slender
branches,] and a black fruit, or produce. (TA.)
Hence, ajj^j O* r~" [More grateful than a
barwakah] ; (S, K ;) because it grows green when
it sees the clouds, (S,) or by means of the least
moisturo falling from the sky. (TA:) a prov.
(S.) And ii^j fc >» ubuil [Weaker titan a bar-
wakah]. (TA.)

ijij* [accord, to the Mgh and K an inf. n. of
Js>, but accord, to the S a simple subst.,] A
shining, gleaming, glistening, glitter, lustre, bril-
liancy, or splendour. (S, K, TA.)

aajjj Milk upon which is poured a little grease
or clarified butter : (ISk, S, K :) or food in
which is milk : and such as has a little clarified
butter, and grease, put into it : (TA :) or food
that has a little olive-oil poured upon it : (JK :)
or condiment in which is put a little olive-oil or
grease: (L:) pi. Jj£; (JK,S, L, K;) with
which * ijijQ [pi. of * J»»3] is syn., (L, TA,)
applied to food (S, TA) in which is put a little
olive-oil or clarified butter : (S :) or * Jjj-3 sig-
nifies the grease in a cooking-pot : and water
with a little olive-oil poured upon it : and " (Jijly
is its pi. (JK.)

t$\ji Shining, gleaming, or glistening, much, or

intensely. (T A.) See also (Jj/jI , and Jj^. —

UUJ1 Jt^i ,«3 A young man whose middle pairs

of teeth are beautiful and bright, glistening, when

he smiles, like lightning : meant to imply cheer-
io A*

fulness of countenance. (TA.) _ ii\jt A woman
characterized by beauty and splendour or bril-
liancy [of complexion or skin] : (K,* TA :) or,
as some say, who shows her beauty intentionally.
(TA.) [See j^l.]

Ji\j>> A certain plant also called ^-»- [i. e.
the asphodel, called by both these names in the
present day] : tke eating of its fresh, juicy stalk,
boiled with olive-oil and vinegar, counteracts
jaundice; and the smearing with its root, or
lower part, removes the two kinds of ^j [q. v.].
(K.)

Jyl^ Shining, gleaming, or glistening. (Mgh.)
_ Clouds (ylkw) having, or containing, [or
emitting,] lightning. (S.) You say also aMa.-.
AJjW [A cloud having, or emitting, lightning] :

(S, TA:) and * a»Ijj I^Im signifies the same

• • • * *'

[but in an intensive manner: see Jt^j, (TA.)

191

__ i5j^ t Swords : (S, K, TA :) so called because

of their shining, or glistening : (TA :) pi. Jjly ;

(JK, Ham p. 306;) applied to swords and other

weapons. (Ham ubi supra.) Hence the trad, of

Amm'ar, iijUl <Z.m.?i iiaJI [\ Paradise is beneath

the swords]; (JK, TA;) meaning, in warring in

• ti-
the cause of God. (JK.) You also say, 0*1;

aSjUI, meaning I saw the shining, or glistening,

of tke weapons. (Lh, T A.) _ Sec also Jj^.

Jj'y, (JK, Mgh,) with fet-h to the w», (Mgh,)
or Jj>6 with damm, (K,) A certain thing, or
substance, that is put into dough, (JK, Mgh,
TA,) and causes it to become inflated ; (Mgh;)

or into flour; (TA voce JJjjii) [or this is a
particular kind thereof, as appears from what
follows: accord, to Golius, nitrum and aphro-
nitrum: but] t'c is of four kinds; ^j5U [or the

water-hind], and k _JL^»> [or tlio mountain-kind],

i .# i •

and (^Uil [or Armenian], and iCj-o* [or Egyp-

tian], which is the C>iJ^ fa- v -» '• e - natron] :

(K :) the best thereof is the ^^jl ; and this is

said to be meant by the term when it is used abso-

lutely: this is called also itUaJI Jjjy [a tenn

now applied to borax, as is Jt;^ alone, and Lx»

ifcLaJI], because it polishes silver well [or because of
its use in soldering] : the dust-coloured kind thereof
is called J^jjUJ! Jj# [the Jjyt of the bakers, or
makers of bread] : the^jiai is the red kind thereof:
and there is a kind thereof having an oily quality :
and a kind consisting of thin Imtyraceous frag-
ments; and this, if light and hard, is the ^j*ij*\ '•
and the best thereof is that which is produced in
Egypt : (TA :) bruised, or powdered, the belly is
smeared with it, near to a fre, and it expels
worms : and moistened with honey or with oil of
jasmine, the male organs of generation are anointed
with it, for it is excellent for the venereal faculty.
(K.) = Also A man in whom one does not trust,
or confide: pi. Jjby. (JK.)

J>>yi t°r J*)*] * seller of Sjyi [or jj*].
(TA.)

Jyi\ A rope (J^»0 having two colours; (S,

O ;) twisted with a black strand and a white

strand: (JK:) and in like manner, (JK,) a

mountain (J^,JK,K) tn which are two colours,

(K,TA,) blaeh and white: (TA>) and (so in

the S, but in the K "or,") anything having

blackness and whiteness together. (S, K.) You

say JjffS u-. "i and 'Mjj ji* [A black and white

he-goat and she-goat] : (S, K :) and J15^ SU. a

ewe whose white wool is cleft, or divided, by black

flocks [or streaks] : (K : ) <jjfi and JIS^ applied

■*'** ^*#*

to sheep or goat* are like ,^JL>I and >UU^ applied

to beasts of the equine kind, and juut and ilxL to

dogs. (Lh, TA.)-_iU|^ is also a name given to

An eye ; (S, M ;) because it has blackness and

whiteness mingled in it : (M, TA :) dual O^jf'

(TA.) And ;Uy ^t. signifies An eye black in

the iris, with whiteness [of the rest] of the bulb.

(TA.)_il»^ +-°}j A meadow, or garden, in

108

which are two colours. (TA.)_See also iJ^J,

in seven places J^l also signifies A certain

bird. (Tekmileh, K.) And [the pi.] jjj is

used as a name for The [locusts, or crickets,
termed) v^- (IB, TA.) saa Also A certain
Persian medicine, good for the memory. (Sgh, K.)

ifift\t a Persian word, (S,Msb,) arabicized,
(S, Msb, K,) originally^ 4»U (CK ; [in a MS.
copy of the K and in the TA, incorrectly, ^j ^>\;])
[A ewer, such as is used for wine, and also such
as is used for water to be poured on the hands ;
each having a long and slender spout, and a
handle;] a well-known vessel; (TA;) a vessel
having a spout (Mgh, and Bd and Jcl in lvi. 18)
and a handle : (Bd and Jel ibid :) accord, to Kr,
a Jy^ > Rnd so Bays AHn in one place ; but in
another he says that it is like a jySa -. (TA :) [it
is somewhat like a )j£» with the addition of a
spout :] pi. JhjW' (S, Msb) [and sometimes
V|V*]> hb A sword such as is termed t J>£ ;
($ '■ e. (TA) a sword that shines, gleams, or
glistens, much, or intensely : (S, Kr :) or simply a
sword: or, as some say, a bow: (JK:) or it
signifies also a bow in which are %?**& [or places
differing in colour from the rest, and, app., glis-
tening] : (K :) thus, accord, to Az, in a verse of
'Amr Ibn-Ahmar : but correctly, accord, to Sgh,
it has there the first of the significations explained
in this sentence : and it is said, also, that ^>>t ou->
signifies a sword having much lustre, and much
diversified with wavy marks or streaks, or in its
grain. (TA.) _ A woman who is beautiful, and
splendid, or brilliant, (Lh, JK, K, TA,) in colour
[or complexion] : (Lh, TA :) or, as some sny, who
shows her beauty intentionally. (TA.) [Sec also
ii\ji (voce oIh)-3

J*rl dim. of jj£l», q. v. (S, K.)

CLH*- 1 )! (IDrd, S, K, &c.,) sometimes with the
conjunctive I, (T A,) Thick -.Ljj [or silk brocade] :
(Ed-Pahhak, S, K, and so Bd and Jcl in xviii. 30,
&c. :) or sfAtjj made [or interwoven] with gold:
(K :) or closely-woven, thick, beautiful *.Lj> made
[or interwoven] with gold: (TA :) or closely-
woven cloths, or garments, of silk, like w-Uji :
(IDrd, K :) or thick silk : (I Ath, TA :) or a red
thong cut from an untanned skin (>j^U- Iji), as
though it were [composed of] pieces of bow-strings,
or chords: (Ibn-'Abbad, K:) it is an arabicized
word, (IDrd, S, K,) from i^slj, (IDrd, K,)
which is Syriac; (IDrd, TA;) or from the Per-
sian, (S, TA,) in which j^Lt and j-i-l signify

" thick," absolutely, whence t^~> and »j~Z->\ are
particularly applied to signify " thick *Ani," and
then the latter is arabicized by substituting J for
the • : so says Esh-Shihab El-Khafajee : or the I
and ^t and O are augmentative, and it is men-
tioned in the present art. in the S and K as
though this were the case, agreeably with the
form of its dim., which is said by J and in the K

f • 9*1

to be v j^| ; for in forming the dim., a word is
reduced to its root. (TA.)

<5ji — £j*
* tt' i <•» *' *

i3jj*j ; pi. J>ijV : see ijbjt, in four places.

Ji/~» [A shining, gleaming, or glistening : or a

o J> *#* *9 w

;U- [He

time thereof]. You say, ... .<t)\ Jj— »
came at the shining, tec, or at the time of the
shining, &c, of the dawn; or] when the dawn
shone, or gleamed, or glistened. (K,TA. [In the
latter, J^-» is said to be here a meemee inf. n.])

9 t> I

OS*-

«.£»*

Q. 1. Jj#, (S, A,TA,) inf. n. ii^i, (TA,)
He variegated it with divers, or different, colours;
(S, TA ;) from J3\^ #\, the bird so called : (S :)
or he adorned him, or it. (A.) [Sec also ii»^,
below.] — Hence, <jy ^ii^ \He embellished his
saying. (Har p. 235.)

* .9"

Q. 2. tAi^J He adorned himself (A, K) Kith

various colours. (K.) You say, U JLi^J Jfc

adorned himself with various colours for us: (K:)

or with various colours of every kind. (TA.)

And c . iti ^J She assumed various colours: or

she varied in dispositions : syn. OJJLi. (A.) And

C~JI eA^y ?^e house, or chamber, or <cnr, ic-

cawic variegated. (TA.) And y>jLj| oJ^J 77ic

countries became adorned with various colours;

from JLȣ jjt (TA.)

« •
uii^ A certain &trd, (S, K,) different from

that called J3\# #\, (K, accord, to the TA, [for
we there read J».T jl\£> ■ the bird called J3\jj yj\
having been mentioned before; but in the CK,
in the place of jdJ, we find _^ui-\, i. e., green;])
of small size, (S,TA,) that assumes various colours,
of the kind called ^m., (TA,) like the sparrow,
(S, TA,) and called j>ip (S, K) by the people
ofEl-Hijaz: (S, TA :) but Az states his having
heard certain of the Arabs of the desert call it ^1
u^!*. (TA.)

oJJjj The diversity of colour of that, which is
termed JS^. (K.) [See also 1.]

util^ tf\ A certain bird that assume* various
colours; (S ;) a small wild bird, like the Jiii [or
hedge-hog, but Juui is probably a mistranscription
for ^i», or lark], the upper part of whose feathers
is dust-coloured (;-*t, as in the K, accord, to the

TA), or white (ji-\, as in some copies of the K),
and the middle red, and the lower part black, so
that when it is roused, or provoked, it ruffles its
feathers and becomes variously changed in colour :
(Lth, K :) or a certain bird that is found in the
trees called »tk», and tke colour of which is
between blackness and whiteness, having six j*}\y
[or primary feathers], three on each side, heavy
in the rump, that makes a noise with its wings
when it flies, and assumes various colours : (IKh :)
a certain variegated bird. (TA in art. y/\.) _—
[Hence,] ^»\^t y(\ yk \He is varying, or variable,
indispositions. (A,TA.)

i .. j -
^yJLsljJI jUkJI The neighbour that is variable

[Book I.

in his actions; liko ^f-jiyiX jUJI. (IAar,TA
in art. jy-f-)

Q.l. ^, (S,K,)Jnf n. &£, (TA,) He

attired him with a «5^> : (S, K :) and SI^JI «i^

he attired the woman with a *»>J. (Msb.)_

*«H*1 viji [He veiled his beard vith a fiji',]

he assumed the guise of such as wear the *5^ ;

(TA ;) i. e. J U^U jLo [he became effeminate,
or a catamite]. (K, TA.) A port says,

» *,*' * ,9, * 9* * 9' " 9't

• Jj L ** , 4 ^ ***Vj ^^ *

[Dost thou nvt see that Keys, Keys-'Eyldn, have
veiled their beards, and sold their arrows for
spindles?]. (TA.)__UiW U# £&, (K,) inf. n.
us above, (TA,) I He. struck such, a one with the
stuff, or stick, between his cars, ( iv, TA,) so that it
became like the «i^> upon his head. (TA.)

Q. 2. *3j~3 He attired himself with a »J^ :
(S, K :) and caj^j she (a woman) attired her-
self with a *ijj. (M»l>.)

• -♦,

»5^j : see whnt next follows.

gjl (IAar, S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ♦iijy,
(IAar, S, Msb, K,) but some disallow this latter,
(Msb,) and *\&i, (IAar, S, K,) but AHut
disallows this, as well as the second, (TA,) A
thing pertaining to women and to horses or similar
beasts, (K,) or to horses or similar beasts and to
the women of the Arabs of the desert ; (S ;) a
thing with wkich a woman veils her face; (Msb;)
having in it two holes for the eyes: (Lth:) a
small piece of cloth, or rag, pierced for the eyes,
room by horses or similar beasts and by the women
of the Arabs of the desert : (Mgh :) [or, accord,
to the general fashion of the present time, a long
strip of cotton or other cloth, black, blue, or of
some otker colour, or white, concealing the whole
of the face of the woman wearing it, except the
eyes, and reaching nearly to tke feet, suspended
at tke top by a narrow band, or other fattening,
which passes up the middle of the forehead, and
which is sensed, as are also the two upper corners,
to a band wkich is tied round the head, beneath
the head-veil : (see my " Manners and Customs
of the Modern Egyptians," eh. i. :)] ♦ iiijf, if
correct, is a more particular term: (Mgh:) the

pi. is £i£. (Lth, Msb.) [See ^>&.] [ i^Jl

Tke curtain of the door of the Kaabeh.] __ See
also *>>/.

*ijj : see what next follows.

i£, (S, K,* TA,) imperfectly decl., (S, TA,)

. J * 9

and * «i^>, (Fr, Az, Ibn-'Abbad,) of a rare form,
like ^J9, (Fr,Az,») or £> and t^Ji, (K,»
TA,) but perhaps this last is a mistranscription,
for r^jt, (TA,) a name of The heaven, or sky :
(Fr :) or the seventh heaven : (AAF, S, K :) or
the fourth heaven: (Lth, Az,K:) or the first
heaven ; (K ;) i. e. the lowest heaven : IDrd
says, so they assert; and in like manner says

Book I.]

IF; and he says, the v is augmentative, the
radical letters being cjj, for every heaven is
termed i-J>, and the heavens [together] are

termed A*J,I : (TA :) or the lowest heaven is

# a * •

termed £«£pt. (S, TA.) [8ee an ex. voce jju>.]

t.fl -

4*5*: J •„.

• m*s \ ** &*•

• *»'! % 00 *0W*t J, | % 00

£*** WJ*. (TA,) or »5^4 >t ^^, (Mgh,)
A Aorw having what is termed i*3j~» Sjk : (T A :)
or a horse having the whole of his face white.
(Mgh.) And la3/~« »U> A sheep, or ewe, having
the head white. (8, K.)

i*S>~* ijb A blaze, or whiteness, on the face
of a horse, occupying the whole of his face, except
that he loohs (jii^i [for » hich jiw is erroneously
substituted in the CK]) in blackness ; (S, L,K;)
[i. c.] //its whiteness passing downwards to the
cheelu without reach mg to the eyes. (L, TA.)

L i£, (S,Msb,£,) aor. i, (S,TA,) inf. n.
j}^i (S, Mgh, Msb, $) and JbJ, ($,) said of
a camel, (?, Mgh, M»l>,) i. <y. ^.Uwl [i. e. 7/c

///y down, or kneeled and lay down, upon his
breast, with his legs folded] ; ($, I£ ;) Ae imu/e
At* 6re«j< <o f/crtte to the ground; (Mgh;) he
fell upon his j}jf, i. e. breast; (Msb;) he threw
his j)jf, i. c. breast, upon the ground; (TA;)
and in like manner, ♦ J)jt, (TA, and so in some
copies of the £,) inf. n. J^3. (TA.) And
ioUJI C*£otf The ostrich lay upon its breast.
(TA.) And J)jt is also said of a lion, and of a
man. Q£. voce ^tj.) [Of the latter, one also
says, 4 t $fc | .J* i£J He fell, or set himself,
upon Au knees; he kneeled.] The Jjjj/ of a man
praying, which is forbidden, is The putting down
the hands before the knees, after the manner of
the camel [when ho lies down ; for the latter falls
first upon his knees, and then upon his stifle-
joints]. (Mgh.) __ Hence, i.e., from the verb
said of a camel, inf. n. I>_}^, (TA,) He, or it,
(i. e. anything, S,) was, or became, firm, steady,
steadfast, or fixed; continued, remained, or stayed;
(S,l£ ;) in a place : (T$:) [and so, app , with -
for its aor. ; for] you say, JUUJ S)ji, aor. ; , [He
was, or became, firm, &c., for the purpose of
fighting,] and hi like manner ij^, aor. - . (TA.
[See also a similar signification of 8.]) __ t It
(the night) was, or became, long, or protracted;
as though it did not quit its place. (A and TA
in art. u-*^0 — Sec also 8, in two places.

2 : see 1. ^ «ik/*3 also signifies The praying
for 3£s£, (S,$,TA,) for a man, &c. (TA.)
You say, a^U oJ=>^, inf. n. Aj^Jj, J said ro
Aim, i&ft ItM i'jC [or Ju tec., Ood bless thee!
kc.]. (TA.) And >u£ll '^ jj, //« prayed
ybr, or invoked, a blessing on the food. (T£.)

3. aJ* Jjb He kept, or applied himself, con-
stantly, or perseveringly, to it; (Lh,K;) namely,
an affair, (TA in art. iU^,) or commerce, or
Bk. I.

traffic, &c. (L^.TAOs^ile* aW J,W, (Fr, S,
Msb, El,) and Jti, and J&, (S,K,) and •!*£»#,

(Fr, S, 5,) inf. n. ifejC, (T£,) [GW «*«,
beatify, felicitate, or prosper, thee;] Ood put
in t/tee, (TA,) yi»e fArc, make thee to possess,
(T, K,) &£=>ji [i. e. a blessing, good of any kind,
prosperity or good fortune, increase, kc.]. (TA,
TK.) a^Li jT JUJ ^Xl ^ jJjtJ (in a
trad., TA,) means Continue Thou, or perpetuate
Thou, (O God,) to Mohammad and to the family
of Mohammad the eminence and honour which
Thou hast given them : (£, TA :) [or still bless
or beatify, or continue to bless or beatify, Moham-
mad kc. : though it may well be rendered simply
bless or beatify &c. :] Az says that it is from
l)ji said of a camel, meaning " he lay down upon
his breast in a place and clave thereto." (TA.)

$0 00 m * 0ii* -

And O^l .y U j)j\f jn ii\, in another trad.,
means [O Ood, bless us] in the state to which
death will bring us. (TA.) The Arabs say to
the beggar, Ju> 3 3 ^t [Mayest thou be blest;
and, in the present day, iUi JjC .ail God bless
thee] ; meaning thereby to repel him ; not to
pray for him : and by reason of frequency of
usage of this phrase, they have made ^ Jijyi a
noun : a poet [in Har ^j s jjOI cA-ir-' C*PP" Sherees,
not Sherecsh, El-Adawee), in the TA Aboo-
Fir'own,] says,

• ■ * j a I i /

" J * * ■

[She imagines that the saying "Mayest thou be
blest " will suffice me when I go forth stretching
out my right hand for an alms]. (Har p. 378.
[This verse is differently cited in the TA; for there,

- ' i

instead of &Ja3 and O ^ *., we find ^~*~5 and

0)jkt.])_[You also say of a man, a-i Jjb,

and a), &c, meaning //« blessed him; i. e. Ac
prayed God to bless him.] __ Sec also 6.

4. a£=>jj1 7/e ?rta<ic Ai/n (namely, a camel,) to
lie down [or Aneel and lie down] upon his breast.
(S,I£.) You say, jjli *i£>j*l / made him to
lie donm upon his breast, and he lay down upon
his breast : but this is rare : the more common

, * ~ •** 09 • 0$

phrase is ~-U^li <LjLj\. (S.) = See also 8.=

a=>/jI U [Hoiv blessed is he, or it.'] is an instance
of a verb of wonder with a passive meaning [and
irregularly derived]. (TA.)

5. «/ J)j*j i. q. A/ i>»«J [He had a blessing ;
and he was, or became, blest ; by means of him,

or it : so accord, to explanations of j)j£ in the
KL : but very often signifying he looked for a
blessing by means of him, or it ; he regarded him,
or it, as a means of obtaining a blessing; he
augured good from him, or it; a/ ^j^J being

0%*0

opposed to Ay >UJ ; as in the K in art. j_t , and
in Bd in xvii. 14, &c] : (S, K :) and *J,U
;j_jiJv He augured good from the thing. (Lth,
K.) One says so of a man. (K in art. ... ,«.)
And one says, aIM ^J^ 2)^3 [He looked for a
blessing by means of uttering the name of God,
or saying aXiT^^]. (Ksh, on the IX*. y ; &.c.)

193

6. Jjt3, accord, to Zj, is an instance of JiU3
[as quasi-pass, of J«U, i. e., of ilj^, like as js-Ci
is of j^-Vi] fro m A£>/t" ; &nd so say die lexico-
logists [in general]. (TA.) [Hence,] aXiT JjU
means [Blessed is, or &«, Cod; or] hallowed is,
or 6«, God ; or far removed is, or be, He from
every impurity or imperfection, or from everything
derogatory from his glory ; (£ ;) or highly to
be exalted, or extolled, is Ood; or highly exalted,
or extolled, be He; (Abu-1- 'Abbas, TA;) greatly
to be magnified is Ood ; or greatly magnified be
He: (TA:) or i.q. t^, like jJVJ and JpUJ,
except that J^-li is trans, and JiUo is intrans. :
(S :) accord, to I Amb, it means [that] one looks
for a blessing by means of [uttering] his name
(a^wI^ liftZj) in every affair, or case: accord,
to Lth, it is a phrase of glorification and magnifi-
cation : (TA :) or i>jL3 signifies He is abundant
in good; from i&jJI, which is "abundance of
good :" or He exceeds everything, and is exalted
above it, in his attributes and his operations;
because a£>jJ1 implies the meaning of increase,
accession, or redundance : or He is everlasting ;
syn. j>\} ; from ;UJI ^Js. jjLi\ J^ [« the con-
tinuing of the birds at the water"] ; whence
A&fJI, because of the continuance of the water
therein: the verb is invariable [when thus used,
being considered as divested of nil signification
of time, or used in an optative sense] ; and is not
employed [in any of ihc senses above] otherwise
than in relation to God: (Bd in xxv. 1 :) it is an

attributive peculiar to God. (¥..) IiyiJW •t'j'-S:

see 5.

8. Jj0j\ He (a man) threw his J^y ['• •*• breast
upon the ground (as the camel does in lying
down), or upon some other tiling]. (S.)«_J/«
(a sword-jKilishcr) leaned upon the pulixhing-in-
strument, (K,) on one side. (TA.) And He (a
horse) inclined on one side in his running. (TA :
[accord, to which, this is from what next follows.])
__ lie hastened, or sped, and strove, laboured,
or exerted himself, in running : (S, £ :) and
* S)ji, inf. n. i)j>J, (K.,) or, as some say, this is
a subst. from the former verb, (TA,) He strove,
laboured, or exerted himself. (I£.)_t-fr (a
cloud) rained continually, or incessantly : (TA :)
and «lo_JI cu£>jJ^I t the sky rained continually ;
as also *C-i>^', (£,) and 'o^l; but Sgh
says that the first of these three is the most
correct. (TA.) And 1>UL1)I C-£>>^1 \The cloud

■rained vehemently. (K, TA.) <*_o^c ^J JtjZfl,

and Aji*, J He detracted from his reputation,
censured him, or impugned his character, and
reviled him, (1£, TA,) and laboured in vitupe-
rating him. (TA.) y^-JI ^ '*£>>*> I They
fell upon their knees in battle, and so fought one
another. ($,TA. [See il&£, below.])..*^!,^!
I prostrated him, or threw him down prostrate,
and put him beneath my j)J( [i. e. breast]. (S.)

W>*0

liji Many camels: (S, £ :) or a herd of
camels lying down upon their breasts: (# :) or
any camels, males and females, lying down upon
their breasts by tlie water or in the desert by
reason of the heat of the sun or by reason of

25

194

satiety : (TA :) or all the camels of the people
of an encampment, that return to them from
pasture in the evening, or afternoon, to whatever
number they may amount, even if they be thou-
sands : (£ :) one thereof is termed * hfc ; (£ ;)

• • * • /

the two words being like jaJi and ja-V ; (TA ;)

fern. ♦a&jV: (£ :) pi. J^, (S,S,) i.c ; , pi.
of J&. (§'.) — Also, (S, Msb, K,) and * IS**,
which is with kesr, (S, K,) The breast (S, Msb,
K) of a camel : (Msb, TA :) this is the primary
signification : (TA :) as some say, the former
signifies the breast of the camel with which he
crushes a thing beneath it : (TA :) and (K)
accord, to Llh, (TA,) the latter is the part next
to the ground of the skin of the breast of the
camel; (or, as in the 'Eyn, of the skin of the
belly of the camel and of the portion of the breast
next to it ; TA ;) as also the former : (K :) or, as
some say, the former is the middle of the breast,
where [the two prominences of flesh called] the
ijUjuyi conjoin at their upper parts: (Ham
p. 00 :) or the latter is pi. of the former, like
as ifU. is of l V*' : or the former is of man ;
and the latter, of others : or the former is the
interior of the breast ; (or, as Yaakoob says, the
middle of the breast ; T A ;) and the latter, the
exterior thereof: (K :) or the former is the
breast, primarily of the camel, because camels lie
down (j)mJ) upon the breast; and metaphorically
of others. (Ham p. 145.) _ Hence, ;£i)t jJ*
\ The first part of winter; (L,TA;») and the
main jmrt thereof. (L.)_And hence, (TA,)
Jj>JI is an appellation applied to I The stars
composing the constellation of the Scorpion, of

which are ^Vi" ■» J**^ 9 ^' an d v"**" and
ii^lll [the 10th and 17th and 18th and 10th of
the Mansions of the Moon], which rise [aurorally]
in the time of intense cold ; as is also j>y*i)\ : (L,
TA:*) or, accord, to IF, to a ,y of the t\y\
of «lj>^JI ; because the >lyt thereof do not set
[aurorally] without there l>cing during their period
a day and a night in which the camels lie upon
their breasts (ij/-j) by reason of the vehemence
of the cold and rain. (TA.)

j)ji : sec Vji-

J i ■ - •

\j4 : sec ii=»^.

j)jt Remaining fixed (» JjV) at, or by, a thing.
( 1 Aar, K.) So in the phrase ;UNt ^^-^ ^Js. j)^
[ Remaining fixed at, or by, the side of the vessel],
in a verso describing a [gluttonous] man, who
swallows closely-consecutive mouthfuls. (I Aar.)

t Incubus, or nightmare; as also *jJjjb. (K.)

— t A coward ; and so T the latter word. (K,
TA.) n Also, [and by contraction ♦ i)^, as in a
verse cited in the M and TA in art ..^uj,] A
name of the month i»~»JI ^i ; (AA,^;) one of
the ancient names of the months. (AA.)

m*i (?, K,) or * U>#, (Msb,) A certain
aquatic bird, white, (S, Msb, K,) and small :
(K :) [the former applied in Barbary, in the
present day, to a duck :] pi. Sjl (S, Msb, K) and
O^K and O^r/ antl tP 1 - of pauc.] Jl^l ; (£ ;)

or, in the opinion of ISd, Jt^t and O^V arc
pis. of the pi. [Jj^]. (TA.)

• - » «j

ife^ A wo(/e, or manner, of Jijji [i. e. of a

camel's kneeling and lying down upon the breast] ;
(S,*0,*£;) a noun like iJ>j and UL. (S,

O.) One says, 53UI ojjk a£>^ O— •*' ^ [xft>w

<70<w7 u this she-camel's manner of lying down on

«•* • -

the breast!]. (S.)o:Sce also J^.aaA ^y-

[i. e. watering-trough or fan/t] : (K :) or the KAe
thereof, (S, TA,) </«// in the ground, not having
raised sides constructed for it above the surface of
the ground; (TA ;) and v S)jj signifies the same :
(Lth, K :) said to be so called because of the
continuance of the water therein : (S :) pi. i^j,
(S, Msb, K,) which Az found to be applied by the
Arabs to the tanks, or cisterns, that are con-
structed with baked bricks, ami plastered with
lone, in tke road to Mekkeh, and at its watering-
places ; sing. ij=3jj ; and sometimes a i£»jj is a
thousand cubits [in length], and less, and more:
but the watering-troughs, or tanks, that arc made

for the rain-water, and not cased with baked
• '•t •• •*•

bricks, arc called cl— si, sing. *«Ue : (TA :) [is»^j

often signifies a basin; a pool; a pond; and a
lake : and in the present day, also a bay of the
sea: and a reach of a river:] also a place where
water remains and collects, or collects and stag-
nates, or remains long and becomes altered. (ISd,
K-)

*£>j-> [A blessing ; any good that is bestowed
by (rod; and particularly such as continues and
increases and abounds :] good, (Jel in xi. 50,) or
prosperity, or good fortune, (Fr, K,) that jrro-
ceedsfrom God: (Fr, in explanation of the pi. as
used in the Kur xi. 70:) increase; accession;
redundance ; abundance, or plenty ; (S, Msb, K,
Kull ;) whether sensible or intellectual : and the
continuance of divinely-bextowed good, such as is
perceived by the intellect, in, or upon, a thing :
(Kull:) or firmness, stability, or continuance,
coupled with increase : (Ham p. 587 :) or j'h-
creasing good: (Bd in xi. 50:) and abundance
of good; implying the meaning of increase, acces-
sion, or redundance : (Bd in xxv. 1 :) or abundant
and continual good : (so in an Expos, of the Jiimi'
es-Saghecr, cited in the margin of a copy of the
MS :) and, accord, to Az, God's superiority over
everything. (TA.)

• •- * j • * •»
d±>jj : see i£=>jj.

«■*!»# £\ti, (?,Ki*) hke^lii, (K,) said in war,
or battle, (S,) means \^*)A [Re ycjirm, steady,
or steadfast : in the CK, erroneously, ty=>j-it].
(?,K.)

• j*

l)jj1 A woman that marries having a big son

(S, K) of tlie age of puberty. (S.)

■ u
■!))ji A hasting, speeding, striving, labouring,

or exerting oneself, in running; a subst. from

j)j^\ : and inf. n. of J^> in a sense in which it is

explained above with the former verb. (K : but

see 8.)

• » §» *•
JXiji : ace JjL*.

Jl£»£ (S, K) and A£>£ (TA) Firmness, steadi-

[Book I.

ness, or steadfastness, in mar, or battle; (IDrd,
S ;) and a striving, labouring, or exerting oneself

[therein] ; from hy^i\ [inf. n. of jjj] : (S :) or
a falling upon the knees in battle, and so fighting ;

as also t 'A£>/jj . ( K . ) Also The field of battle:

or, accord, to Er-Raghib, vj-*- 1 ' '^Lk an< '
* U^liajjj signify the place to which tke men of
valour cleave. (TA.)

'*\£>}jj : sec what next precedes, in two places.

OV£=£ and J>\L% (Fr, Mgh, Msb, K) and

O^fty (?> Mgh, Msb, K,) which is the form
commonly obtaining, (Msb,) and mentioned by
El-Ghoorec as well as J, (Mgh,) but disallowed

by Fr, (Mgh, TA,) and *i^, (K,) but this
also is disallowed by Fr, (Mgh, TA,) or, accord,
to IDrd, * :Ic£ and * ij&'jl *XJo, but he
says that it is not Arabic, (TA,) A kind of
[garment such as is called] »!—£>, (S, Mgh,
Msb,) [similar to a »i^,] well-known; (Msb;)
the black »U£» ; (Fr, Mgh, K;) a woollen X-£s
having ttvo ornamental borders : (Fr, TA in art.
jli^:) [in S|>smish barangane : (Golius:)] pi.
[of all except the first two] &\#. (IDrd,K.)
,jlfe>jj, without tpshducd, is not mentioned by any
one. (Mgh.)

mt*t* • "•' 5 "•' • » &*

fl&jj and O^-'ft un( ^ (^^H : 8CC C)^°jit ln
four places.

• - ••*

i)jL>, feiii. with S : sec jJjj, in two places : — —

and sec 2)jj.

i)j^ i. q. Jjy ; (K;) that is put into flour,
(TA,) or into dough. (JK and Mgh and TA in

explanation of the latter word.)

■i)jyi, as a noun : sec 3.

^JjjW : sec -i)y>, in two ]ilaccs.

•*• #

i)^-e A ;//</ec ro/jcrc camels lie upon their

breasts: pi. iljCi. (Msb.) You say, J4* O*^

J-0-"- ^j--« a) [Such a one has not a place in which

a camel lies; meaning he does not possess a single

camel]. (S.)

%• * » •* * j ** •* *

JjUc is originally <t-j Jjt»o [or a) or AjJ*,

accord, to those who know not, or disallow, j)jif
as trans, without a preposition ; and signifies
Blessed, beatified, felicitated, or prospered; gifted
with, or wade to poMnest, *£=>r>, ■• c. a blessing, any
good that is bestowed by God, pros]>crity or good
fortune, increase, &c.]; (Msb;) abounding in
good; (Ksh and Bd in iii. 00;) abounding in
advantage or utility : (Bd in vi. 02 and 150, and
xxxviii. 28, and 1. :) the pi. applied to irrational
things is Olfb<L«. (Msb.) You say also ♦ jL #
as meaning a_i JjL-» : (K :) or &>ji >Ub is as

though meaning j!jl~* [i. c. Blessed food; or food
in which is a blessing, &c.]. (S.)

• '• > *****

j)jZ~*, [in the t^K ij^a,] ajiplicd to a man,

J Leaning, or bearing, upon a thing ; applying
himself [thereto] perseverittgly, assiduously, or
constantly. (K, TA.)__ Also, applied to a cloud,
J Bearing down [upon the earth], and paring off
the surface of tlte ground [by its vehement rain:
see 8].' (TA.)

Book I.]

JjUii [app. applied to God (see its verb)]
High, or exalted. (Th, TA.)

» + + *

1. &*r> : see 4, in two pla

=>»*,

aor. -

and ^>j-3 ; lie was, or became, affected with
disgust, loathing, or aversion ; (M,*K;) he was
vexed, grieved, disquieted by grief, or distressed
in mind. (M.) You say, <v >>!, inf. n. J>ji ; (T,
S, M, Msb, K ;) and y t^j j (T, S, Msb, KL ;)
He was, or became, disgusted by it, or by reason
■of it; he loathed it; (T,* S, M,* Msb,* KL ;) Ae
wa» vexed, grieved, disquieted by grief, or rfw-
tressed in mind, by it, or 6y reason of it. (T, M,
Msb, K.) — — <S» bi j j>ji, aor. - , \ [He was unable
to adduce, as he had intended, his argument, alle-
gation, or evidence,] is said when one bas intended
to adduce an argument, allegation, or evidence,
and it did not present itself to him. (A, KL, TA.)

* * '•

4. **jA, (inf. n. >l^1 , T,) He made it (a rope,

AHn, M, K, or a thread, or string, T) of two
strands, or distinct yarns or twists, and then
twisted it ; (AHn, T, M, KL ;) ns also *<u >u [aor. '- ,
inf. n. >»jj] : (T :) or he twisted it well; namely,
a rope. (M.) __ And hence, (T, TA,) J He made
it (a thing, S, or an affair, T, M, KL, or a compact,
Msb) firm, strong, solid, or sound ; he established
it, settled it, or arranged it, firmly, strongly,
solidly, soundly, or thoroughly; (T, S, M, Msb,
KL, TA ;) us also t ii^, (M, K.) [aor. ' ,] inf. n.
jij{. (K.) -_ \JIe thought, or meditated, upon
it; (namely, a thing;) or did so looking to its
end, issue, or result ; or he did it, performed it,
or executed it, with thought, or consideration.
(Ms b.) as He affected him with disgust, loathing,
or aversion ; (T,* S, M,* Msb,* KL ;) caused him
to be vexed, grieved, disquieted by grief, or dis-
tressed in mind. (T, S, M, Msb.) You snv,
JiiyiS ojliu ^-Uj-J *vj [Hisgust me not, or rex
me not, by the abundance if thy meddling, or im-
pertinent, speech]. (T, TA.) ass^l It (a vine)
put forth grajtes in the state in which they are
termed j>ji, q- v. (Th, M, KL.)

5 : sec 1, in two places.

7. j>j~>\ [It (a rope, or a thread, or string,) was
made of two strands, or distinct twists, and then
twisted : or was twisted well : sec 4, of which it
is quasi-pass. _ And hence,] J It ([a thing, or
an affair, or] i ompart, Msb) teas, or became,
firm, strong, solid, or sound ; it was, or became,
established, settled, or arranged, firmly, strongly,
solidly, soundly, or thoroughly. (Msb, KL.)

j£ The fruit of the [trees called] »Uke : (S, M,
£ :) n. un. with i : (S, M :) in its first stage it
is termed iJUi ; then, iL> ; then, <U^ : AHn has
erred in saying that die iiSi is above the i*^ [in
degree] : (M :) that of every hind of aUxc is
yellow, except that of the iaije., which is white,
(S, M,) as hough its filaments, or fringe-like
appertenam ,-s, were cotton, and it is like the but-
ton of a shirt, or somewhat larger : (M :) that
of the jX- i* the sweetest in odour, (S, M,) and
this is yellow, and is eaten, being sweet, or plea-
sant : (M :) accord, to AA, the /mm* of the *Jjb

•$# — -**

[or acacia gummifera, which is of the trees called
»U»t ] : n. un. with 5 : (T :) sometimes, also, i**

is applied to a fruit of the Jljl (M,» KL,* TA)
before it has become ripe and black ; for when
ripe, it is called }y»; and when black, «i»L£> :
(TA:) and the pi. is^ (M, KL) and J£, (M,)

• *■ * *

or j>jj. (K : [but the last is a coll. gen. n.]) _
Also Grapes wlien they are above, (M,) or when
they are like, (KL,) the heads of young ants. (M,
K.) = J One who does not take part with others
in the game called j- 1 +2\ [q. v.], (As, T, S, M,
KL,) nor contribute with them anything, (TA,) by
reason of his avarice, (Har p. 382,) though he
eats with them of the flesh-meat thereof; (As,
TA ;) but sometimes he shuffles, or deals forth,
(u^Jb,) tlie gaming-arrows for the players: (S
in art. «*♦*-:) likened to the J# of the Jljl,
because he is of no use : (Har ubi supra :) and
" iojj occurs in tlie same sense ; [the man so
termed being likened to a «U^ of the i)ljl ; or]
the 5 being added to give intensivencss to the

meaning: (M :) the pi. is Jtirf. (T, S, M,KL.)
And hence, t Avaricious, or niggardly ; mean, or
sordid: (Har ubi supra:) or heavy, or sluggish;
(K, TA ;) destitute of good. (TA.) It is said in
a prov., vjji U^l J [Art thou{^j^3 being under-
stood after I) one taking no part with others in
the game of j~-*)1, as is implied in the S, or art
thou] heavy, or sluggish, (KL, TA,) destitute of
good, (TA,) yet eating two dates at once each
time? (S,K,TA.)

• * » *

jtji part. n. of j>jj [and therefore meaning Af-
fected with disgust, loathing, or uvcrsion; or
vexed, grieved, disquieted by grief, or distressed
in mind], (M, Msb.)

**ji A cooking-pot (T, M, ice.) of stone, (T,
Mgh, Msb,) or uf stones : [sec j>j~» :] (M, KL :)
or [simply] a cooking-pot , (S, TA,) as some say,
in a general sense, so that it may be of copper,
and of iron, ,jc : (TA :) pi. fa (T, S, M, Mgh,
Msb,K)an(lJliJ (T, M, &c.) ami [coll. gen. n.]
j>yi. (T, M, K.) sss Also A certain thing which
women wear upon their arms, like the bracelet.
(TA.)

«U/j [originally n. un. of jtj^] : see jtjj.

julji A rope composed of two twists twisted
4 • -" • i
together into one ; ns also f>»>~« : (S :) or a thread,

or string, twisted of two distinct yarns or twists :

(T :) or a thread, or string, twisted of white and

black yarns : (Ham p. 704 :) or a twisted rope

in which are two colours, (A'Obeyd, S,) or two

threads, or strings, of different colours, (IAar, T,

M, K,) red and yellow, (M,) or red and white,

(K,) sometimes (A'Obeyd, S) bound by a woman

upon her waist, and upon her upper arm :

(A'Obeyd, S, K :) a rope of two colours, adorned

with jtwels, so bound by a woman : (M, K :) or

a thread, or string, (Lth, A'Obeyd, T,) with

beads strung upon it, (Lth, T,) or of different

colours, (A'Obeyd, T,) which a woman binds upon

her waist : (Lth, A'Olicyd, T : [see also hyL] :)

or a string of cowries, which is bound upon the

waist of a female slave. (Aboo-Sahl El-Harawee

in art. j»jt of the TA.) —.Anything in which are

105

two colours (T, M, KL) mixed together : (M, 5 :)
and any two things mixed together and combined.
(M.) — An amulet (M, K, T A) that is hung upon
a boy; because of tlie colours therein. (TA.)_
A garment, or piece of cloth, in which are silk
(Jj) and flax. (T.) — Also, (Kl,) or the dual
thereof, (AO, T, S,) which latter is the right,
(TA,) The liver and hump [of a camel], (AO, T,
S, K,) cut lengthwise, and tied round with a
string or thread, or some ot/ier thing, (S, K,) in
some copies of the S, or with a gut ; (TA j) said
to be thus called because of the whiteness of the
hump and the blackness of the liver. (S, K.) So
in the phrase, {y~+ij* O-* •" >*' [Roast thou for
us some of her liver and hump, ait lengthwise,
See.]. (AO, T, S : [in copies of the KL, l^.^ :
and in the CK, ly^j^j.]) Also, the sing.,

Water mixed with other [water ice.]. (TA.)__

I
Tears mixed with [the collyrium termed] j^j\ ;

(M, K. ;) because having two colours. (TA.) _

A mixed company of people. (M, K.) An

army; (S, K[ ;) becOttM comprising a mixed mul-
titude of men ; (K ;) or because of the colours of
the banners of the tribes therein : (S, K, TA :) or
an army in which is a mixed multitude of men :
(M :) or an army having two colours : (T :)
and the dual, two armies, Arabs and foreigners.
(IAar, T.)_yl number of sheep and goats to-
gether. (IAar, T, M, ]£.) The light of the sun

with the remains of the blackness of night : (IAar,
T:) or the dawn; (M,KL;) because of its com-
bining the blackness of night and the whiteness

of day : or, as some say, ->..;,< a )l ^jjf means the

tint (iali. [q. v.]) of the dawn that is mixed with
two colours. (M.) — — t Inducing suspicion, or
evil opinion ; [as though of two colours;] (IAar,
T ;) suspected. (IAar, T, Sgh, K.)

A^ji, with fet-h, and with teshdeed to the j,
which is mcksoorah, A Spb [or feather, or por-
tion of the hair naturally curled or frizzled, in
a spiral manner, or otherwise,] upon a horse,
whereby one judges of its goodness or badness :
I 1 '- ^oltf- (TA : [and used in this sense in the
present day.]) __ Sec also^e^.

j>j~i The [implement called] SJUc : or particu-
larly the iJUc of the carpenter: (M, KL:) [i. c.,]
an auger, a wimble, or a gimlet ; [called in tlie
present day *2«oj \ accord, to Mirkat el-Loghah,
cited by Golius, who writes the latter word with-
out teshdeed, the former signifies such an imple-
ment ("tcrcbra") of a large size;] that with
which the carpenter perforates: and also said
to signify that with which the saddler perforates
leather: (KL:) also a well-known kind of [im-
plement such as is called in Persian] oJLJ [i. e.,
a hatchet, or the like]: (PS:) AO said, the
jtffj is the JJUft of the carpenter: or he said, the
<&£ is the jijet of the carpenter : (T :) this word,
(M,) the^o^-j of the carpenter, (S,) is Persian,
(S, M,) arabicized. (S.)

j>j~« : see j&,yt. — Also A garment, or piece
of cloth, of which the thread is twisted of two
yarns, or distinct twists. (S,K.) And hence,
(S,) A certain kind of garments, or cloths. (S,
KL.) — [t A thing, or an affair, or a compact,

25*

190

maile firm, strong, solid, or sound; established,
settled, or arranged, firmly, strongly, solidly,
soundly, or thoroughly. See its verb, 4. — And
hence, j>y~* JUJ t Ratified destiny; such as is
rendered inevitable.]

jtj~» [act part. n. of 4. an And also] A gatherer

°f<*j* [§• *•]! ( M or » ofthejiy of the »Ue:
(K :) or, specially, a gatherer of the jtji of the
Jtji. (M.)mb A maher ofj>\ji [or stone cooking-
pots] : (5 :) or one who wrenches out the stones
of which they are made from the mountain, (M,
K, TA,) and fashions them, and hews them out.
(TA.)ssb And hence, (M,) tA heavy, or sluggish,
man ; as though [in the CK *j*) is erroneously
put for *il£»] he cut off for himself something
from the persons sitting with him : (M, K :*) or,
as some say, [so in the M ; but in the K, "and"]
bad, or corrupt, in discourse; (M,K ;) who dis-
courses to others of that in which is no profit nor
meaning ; (TA ;) from the same word as signify-
ing "a gatherer of the fruit of the Jljt," (M,TA,)
which has no taste nor sweetness nor sourness
nor virtue, or efficacy : (AO, TA :) or one who
is a burden upon his companion, without profit
and without good; like the jtjt who takes no
part with others in the game of j ■■■ j » H , though he
eats of the flesh-meat thereof. (As,TA.)

jtf~» sing, of >jll«, (TA,) which signifies The
spindles with which the twisting termed j*\jj\ is
performed. (M 7 K,TA.) [See 4.]

L5 i^ A sort of dates, (T, S, M, Msb, £,) well
known, (K,) the best of dates, (M,) or of the
best of dates, (Msb,) red, intermixed, or tinged,
with yellow, having much »UL) [i. e. fiesh, or
pulp], and very sweet, (T,) or yellow, and round:
(M:) n. un. with S: (M :) it is an arabicized
word, originally JV/*> '• e. good, or excellent,
fruit: (K:) accord, to AHn, of Persian origin,
i. e., iyjV ; jW meaning fruit, and yj denoting
cgregiousness : (M :) accord, to Suh, a foreign,
or Persian, word, meaning blessed [or good or.
excellent] fruit ; y meaning fruit ; and ^j*, good
or excellent [or wholesome] : the Arabs intro-
duced it into their language : (Msb :) or, accord,
to the Moajam of El-Bekree, it is from ^Jjj, the
name of a town, or village. (TA.) It is con-
verted by a rajiz into ^Jy. ; the double ^j being

changed into [double] -.. (8, M.) — You say

!•»■•« »a •» *' » -

also ^ Jji~i and iJ^ iJU-J [Palm-trees, and

a palm-tree, of which the dates are of the sort
described above]. (T.)

ifiji n. un. of ^>y- =-= Also A kind of vessel,
(S, Mgh, Msb, K,) well known, (Msb,) of baked
clay : (8, Mgh, K :) or, as some say, of those
that are termed yi$£ [i. e. flasks, or bottles,
generally of glass] ; such as are used by the seller
of perfumes : (Mgh :) or a thing like a vessel of
baked clay, big, or bulky, and green : and some-
times oftke kind termed jijty : (M :) or a thing
like vessels of baked clay, big, or bulky, and
green ; of Vie kind termed jj jly that are thick,

>jt — Oh*

with wide mouths : (Lth, T :) pi. fjlji- (Mgh.)
as And A cock: (IAar,T:) or a young cock,
(M,K,) wken it attains to maturity, (M,) or
when it. begins to do so: (K:) of the dial, of
El-'Irak: (M :) pi. as above. (T, M, K.)

Q. 2. v~ ij-3 He more, or clad himself with,
°-u->j*- (?•)

isjj* A long iy :», (S, Msb, K,) which the
devotees used to wear in the first age of El-
Islim : (S :) or any garment of which the head
forms a part, (M,K,) being joined to it, (M,)
whether it be a Sttp or a ji**-* or a i»*. ; (M,
K;) and this is said to be the correct explanation :
(TA :) [agreeably with the latter explanation, it
is applied in the present day to a hooded cloak,
mostly of white woollen stuff; but often, of cloth
of any colour:] pi. ^i\jt'. (Msb:) [some say]
it is from ±r>jJ\, meaning " cotton," and the ,J
is augmentative : or, accord, to some, it is not

Arabic. (TA.) k >~«»-M ^-j^ t Comely, or

goodly, hair. (TA in art. ")*.)

Jl£ijj and \j£>j* and ^JICjj: see O^V*» ,n
art. j)jf.

1. ay, aor. : , inf. n. »y, or, a9 in some copies
of the K, oW^> C^A, [and so I find in an excellent
copy of the K, but in the CK oW*>l) ^B* no< ty
returned to a healthy state, or his health of body
returned to him, or his bodily condition became
good, after having been altered by disease. (IAar,
K.*) [The » is perhaps a substitute for .: see

£$jj.] And lie was, or became, white in person,

or body and members. (K.)— -Sec also »y, below.

4. »y\ lie adduced the evidence or proof:
(Msb, K:) but as to * Cy*y, meaning he mani-
fested the evidence or proof, it is said, on the
authority of IAar, to be post-classical; the former
being the correct word : (AA, T, Z, Msb, TA :)
or the former signifies he adtluced, or uttered, or
did, wonderful things, and overcame men. (K.)

' * **
Q. Q., or, as some say, Q., 1. 0*y- see 4;

and Bee art. ,>**•

*Ji [perhaps an inf. n., of which the verb is
1»ji,] Softness, thinness of skin, and plumpness,
(K, TA,) of a woman ; as also t 3+jLy. (TA.)

ihyi : see what next follows.

i*jj and t ijtjj A long space or period of time:
(JK,8:) or a long time: (ISk,K:) or they
have a more general sense ; (K ;) i. e. a space,
or period, of time: pi. of the former »y and
oly and oUj* and OU^. (Msb.) You say,
y\ji\ ^yt ihy oJLc c-31 and Ahy [A long space
or period of time, or merely a space or period
of time, passed over him]. (S.)

ij+fi : see art. v >*^.

i*j*K A mhite ( IAar > JK » M ? b ) s irl ( IA ? r »

[Book I.

Msb) or female: (JK:) or a woman (S, K,)
white and youthful : or soft, or tender : (K :)
or that quivers, (K,) or almost quivers, (S,) from
soppiness, softness, or tenderness : (S,* K :) or
that shines, or glistens, by reason of her clearness
[of complexion] : or thin-skinned ; appearing as
though water were running upon her, by reason
of her softness, or tenderness : (T A :) of the
measure iXsdai, (S,TA,) from »y : (TA :) dim.
ti^'(JK,TA) and *ii^, (JK,) or ^Ki^;
but ♦ ik^yj^ is bad, and seldom used. (TA.)
Imra-el-K^ys says*

[White, or white and youthful, kc, sofl, or
beautiful, tender, like the shoot of the ben-tree
breaking forth with leaves : the last word being
made masc. by poetic license, for the sake of the
metre.]. (S.) [Hence, npp.,] it is said to sig-
nify also A white knife, of clear, pure, or bright,
iron. (TA.) = See nlso »y % .

Ayiji and Ixjyitf :

*. *• > * ■ t'i
***J*i or **>-*# '■

sec **>j*rf.

t^\ [app.] Having the body in a healthy state,
or in good condition, after disease : and white in
person, or body and members: [but whether it
have both those significations, or only the latter
of them, is not clear :] fern. ;U^». (K.)

Q., or, as some say, Q.Q., L 0*jt He adduced,
(T, Z, Msb,) or established, (S,K, and Ham p. 7,)
the cMji> (T, Z, Msb.K,) i.e. the evidence or
proof [kc.]; (T, S, MbI),&c. j) or he adduced
his evidence or proof [kc] ; (T, Msb ;) aAc

Ire A » m%

[against him, or it, or (as in <uA* J>^-J) of it],

(S, K, and Ham p. 7,) and «J [to him, or for
him] : (Ham ulii supra :) but Uiis verb is sard
by Az and Z, on the authority of IAar, to be
post-classical ; the correct word, they say, being
»Jj\ : (Msh :) this they assert on the ground of
the opinion that £JJ>J> [q. v.] is of the measure
jyli ; but J holds the o to be a radical. (TA.)

^jUjj An cviilence, or a proof: (T, S, Msb,K,
and Ham p. 7 :) and a demonstration ; i. c. the
manifestation of an evidence or proof: (Msb :)
or a decisive and manifest evidence or proof:
(TA :) or the firmest, strongest, or most valid,
evidence or proof; which is such as ever neces-
sarily implies truth, or veracity, as its consequence,
or concomitant ; for evidences, or proofs, arc of
five sorts ; whereof this is one ; another is that
which ever necessarily implies falsity, or false-
hood, as it3 consequence, or concomitant; another,
that which is»nearer to truth, or veracity ; another,
that which is nearer to falsity, or falsehood ; and
another, that which is intermediate between these
two: (Er-llaghib,TA:) [pi. o-*!*:] some say
that the ^ in this word is augmentative; (Msb, and
Ham p. 7 ;) that it is of the measure jT&t from
«jJI [app. <>JI] signifying the " act of cutting :"
(Ham ubi supra :) others, that it is radical : Az
mentions both of these opinions: J confines

Book I.]

himself to the latter opinion : Z, to the former,
saying, on the authority of IAar, that the word
is derived from a*^, meaning "white," [or
" fair in complexion,"] applied to a girl : (Msb :)
Abu-1-Fet-h [i. e. IJ] says that he holds it to be
of the measure J*>U*, like vV»j» and ^fliji, the
tj not being augmentative, as is shown by the
verb above mentioned : (Ham ubi supra :) but [it
has been stated above that] this verb is said, on
the authority of IAar, to be post-classical. (Msb,
TA.)

3*

*• V»A*> >

<. a
e. asm

see 4. :

(M,

Msb, K,) aor. * , (Lth, T,) inf. n. $#, (M,) I
formed it, or fashioned it, by cutting ; shaped
it out; or pared it; (K ;) namely, a reed for
writing, (Lth, T, M, Ms b, K,) and a stick, or
piece of wood, (M, K,) and an arrow, (K,)
[&c. ;] a dial. var. of <lJ#, (Lth, T, M, Msb,)
used by some, (Lth, T,) but the latter is the more
approved: (M, TA:) mentioned by AZ. (TA.)
-_ [Hence, perhaps,] »ljy, aor. '• , inf. n. jjj, He
(i. e. God) created him, or it : (Fr, S, K :) [but]
they affirm that it is originally »\jf, with hemz :
(MF:) so says IAth: (TA :) or it is from &
or t*jij, signifying "dust," or "earth." (Fr,S.)

= \yt, aor. - , is also a bad dial. var. of !^> [sig-
nifying He, or it, recovered from disease, or

in/
became convalescent, KO.J, aor. $j~>. (TA.)

4. l£#, (S, M,K,) i. e. aSUI, (S, M,) Jpu*
a [ring such as is termed] i^j in her (a camel's)

nose ; (S, M, K ;) as also * V^ : (IJ, M, K :)

> ft

and dujj^\, namely, a camel, / put him a i^/.

(Msh.)^i_j_^l Dust, or earth, dime, or lighted,

upon it. (K,* TA, in art. j^y.)

•■>»

iff (in which the final radical letter is elided,

[and replaced by »,] Mshl A ring (T, S, M, &c.)
of brass, (Lth, Lb, T, S, M, [in a copy of the
Msb, *3y*3 ^j* is erroneously put for JL« o-*>])
or of silver, (Lth,T,) or of some other material,
(I<h, M,) slender, and bent at the two ends [lest
it should open at the place where the two ends
meet], that is put in the nose of a she-camel,
(Lth, T,) or put in the nose of the camel, (M,
Msb, K,) or in the flesh of the nose of the camel,
(Lb, S, M, K,) or, as As says, in one of the two
sides of the two nostrils, (S,) a pp. either for the
purpose of ornament or to render the animal
obedient; (MF;) [centrally for the latter pur-
pose, to attach the rein thereto :] when the ring
is of hair, it is termed 3u\jm~ ; (As, 8, Msb ;)
and when of wood, ^iUi. : (Msb :) A boo-' A lee
mentions, and explains in like manner, 1 5« ^
and \Jji; [the latter as pi. of the former;] but
this is cxtr.: (M:) J says, [in the S,] Aboo-
'Alee says that ijf is originally i$ji, because, it
has \jji for a pi., like as i^ji has ^jji ; but
Aboo-'Alee does not say this; he only desires
to show that the final radical letter of ty is ^
by the fact that 5j^ is a dial. var. thereof: (IB,
TA:) some, however, remarking upon J's sayinir
that the original of *# is Sj^j, assert that it is
correctly v tjjt : (TA :) «^ % also signifies an
anhlet: (M, K:) or any ring; such as a bracelet

und an earring and an anklet and the like of

these: (S :) the pi. (in the former and the latter

• * m
senses, M, TA) is OI^j, (S, M, K,) in [some of]

# # t
the copies of the K erroneously written »1jj, (TA,)

and ^Jjf, (T, S, M,) and &$yi, contr. to analogy,
(Msb,) or ^ttf (T,S, M,K, [in all of which,
except the last, this is in the accus. or the gen.
case, but, as it is the nom. case in the K, it may
be that 03^f an( l O+f* are { '' a '- vars -> like Oy~"
and i^->,]) and ^y_}>- (M, K : [in a copy of the

former of which, accord, to the TT, ^jj and ^j^>
are put in the place of the last two of these pis.])

\th or ^£j*t Dust, or earth : (Fr, S, M, Msb,
K, mentioned in the M and K in art. ^jjf :)

J >l' "

whence »\jt, [if not originally »\j/,] meaning " He
(i. e. God) created him." (Fr, S.) Hence the
saying, IjJI a-Aj, or ^j-31, [/« Am mouth be
ditf/, or earth], (S, M,) a form of imprecation
against a man. (M.)

5j^ Cuttings, chips, parings, or rA« like, of a
reed for writing, and of a stick, or piece of wood,
and of soap, and the like. (TA.) = See also ty.

h# ■ Bce b*-

ajj-JI 7%e creation; as meaning /Ac beings,
or things, that are created; or, particularly,
mankind; syn. |pLul : originally with • : (S :)
but not pronounced with »: (IAth, TA in art.
ijji :) or, accord, to Fr, if from hy, or j_^^, i. e.
" dust," or " earth," it is originally without » :

pi. Llj^ and ob^. (S.)

31^-6 A she-camel (T, S) having a [ring such
as is termed] 5w put in her nose : (T, S, 1$. :)

• - * m t

pi. Obj><. (TA in art. J/.)

Mil* •-.» '*

»jj--« 5y (T, M, K) j! S^y made, or manufac-
tured. (T,TA.)

<£#

1- tj^» ( T « M » $») firet P ers - ^4^» ( T . ?.
Msb,) aor. : , (T, K,) inf. n. ^, (T, S, M, Msb,
^C,) He formed, or fashioned, by cutting; shaped
out ; or parai ; (As, T, M, K ;) a reed for writing,
(Lth, As, ISk, T, S, M, Msb,) and a stick, or
piece of wood, (Lth, T, M,) and an arrow, (M,
K,) &c. ; (M ;) as also * ,jj*\ : (M, £ :) and
Oj^, (Msb,) aor. - , (Lth, T,) is a dial, var.,
(Msb,) used by some, who say, jJ\ ^iX> yk
[instead of ^ylJu]. (Lth, T.) _ And hence, (As,
T,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (As, T, M,K,) fHe
(a man) fatigued, or jaded, and made to lose
flesh, (As,« T,» S,) a she-camel, (As, T,) or a
camel: (S:) or it (journeying) rendered him
lean, or emaciated: (M,K:) and in like manner
one says of a year of dearth or drought. (TA.)
And ly-Xc ^£j~—> ly«Uw cj^j f [I wasted her
hump by my journeying upon her] : occurring in
a poem of El-Aasha. (M.) = See also 3 : _
and see 5, in two places.

3. »ljW, (T, S, M, &c.,) inf. n. ilJCi, (T, TA,)
He vied, competed, or contended for superiority,
with him; emulated, or rivalled, him; or imitated
him; i.q. <ii>jU; (S, M, Msb, K;) i.e., (TA,)

197

ke did the like of what he (the latter) did, (ISk,
T, S, Msb, TA, and EM p. 64,) striving to over-
come him or surpass him ; (EM ubi supra ;) as
also a) *[£#, aor. - , inf. n. jjy ; and a) T j^>y t :
(As, T :) and he vied, or competed, with him, or
contended with him for superiority, in glory, or

excellence, or in beauty, or goodliness ; he emulated,

§00
or rivalled, him therein ; syn. »Uly : (TA in art.

*_tV :) and he vied, competed, or contended, with
him in running ; and strove with him to outstrip
him, to be before kim, to get before kim, or to

*J • J

precede him. (TA.) You say, 9~i^\ ^Jj^i O^

•\*i~- • [Such a one vies with the wind in bounty] :
(T, S:) [for] the bountiful man whose gifts are
common is likened by the Arabs to the wind
because it blows upon all in common, not only
upon particular persons. (Ham p. 445.) = (jjl*

*'l~00> , .

d3\j+\ He compounded, or made a compromise,
with his wife for their mutual separation; (K ;)
as also UljL> [which is the original]. (TA.)

4. \Jji\: see art. $y>. = Also He found, or
met with, sugar-canes. (K.)sasSee also 1^1, in
art \f/, last signification.

5. i_£j-~JI signifies The coming before or for-
ward, presenting oneself, advancing, confronting,
encountering, meeting, or opposing; (KL;) and
so t JlJ^I. (KL, P§.) You say, a) ^j-3 He
presented, addressed, applied, or betook, himself
to him, i. e., one man to another man ; advanced,
came forward, or went forward, to him; or op-
posed himself to him; syn. ^jojio ; as also •!/*>;
and *J ^[Jji, aor. ; : (T :) and a) 'y^^JI signifies
a) i^^ct, (S, K, and Har p. 558,) meaning [as
above; or] he betook himself, and advanced, or
went forward, to it, namely, an action ; (Har ubi
supra;) and it presented itself to it, as a thought
to the heart, or mind, syn. u^jju : (Ham p. 541 :)
a) t i_£/6 inf. n. JjjJ, is syn. with a) ^jc [mean-

.5" 000 1

ing as above, for it is syn. with ^jojsu and is^r**'»

or it happened to kim, befell him, or occurred to

him] : (M :) and T (J>-il is also syn. with ^ojH

[meaning it happened, befell, or occurred]. (Har

• »* . §0 *a*~

p. 5C.) You say also, ajj^xJ ^^, i. e. a! ^jjH

(ISk, S, K) or a) ,J.jiftl (M) [both of which
explanations mean He presented, addressed, ap-
plied, or betook, himself, or he advanced, came
forward, went forward, or attempted, to obtain
his favour, or bounty ; or he sought it, or de-
manded it] ; as also ajjjjco (J>3. (M, TA.) And
^»aj c-jJLj [J addressed, applied, or betook,
myself to obtain their love, or overturn]. (?, M.)
And a1»C; ^iJ *(J>*il, «• ?• c^ 6 '. meaning,
in this instance, He hastened to cut short kit
speech. (Har p. 280.) And tjii Sli* ^^t,

i.e. Ajtii^ lj«>*3 [or ojli-i^, meaning J5T« nrf-

" »- " s*

dressed himself to reciting poetry, or wr*?*].

(Har p. 34.) And a*CJjl ,>* t tjj^', »• ?• JHj*\
[He presented himself, or advanced, or came for-
ward, from the company]. (Har p. 647.)

6. UjU 7%«y rifd, competed, or contended for
superiority, each with the other; emulated, or
rivalled, each other; imitated each other; (8, K,

108

TA ;) they did each like as the other did. (T, S,
TA.) [See the part, n., below.]

7 « iJj*** (£i TA ») or 'iJrilf ( 80 in a "^py of

the M,) It mas, or becime, formed, or fashioned,
by cutting; shaped out ; or pared : (M,I£:) said
of a reed for writing, and of a slick, or piece of
wood, (M,) and of an arrow, (M,]jC,) &c. (M.)
mb Sec also 3 : — and see 5, in six places.

8 : see 1 : = and see also 7.

kSj*> or !* : "* art iJ*'

i\jt : see »\j~». Mm See also »i\jt, in art. \jj.

■»» • -•

Tl^ : see »jj+».

**> *■ •>

Wji : see a^.

1 ' ,. , • * s •' r-

\£ji, applied to an arrow, t. q. »^>s"» ['• *>

Formed, or fathioned, by cutting ; shaped out ; or
pared]; (T,M,£;) or (M,£) completely; (T,
M, K ;) but not feathered, nor headed : for an
arrow when first cut is termed jlLI ; then it is
formed, or fashioned, by cutting, or shaped out, or
pared, and is termed >Ov » an< l when straightened,
and fit to be feathered and headed, it is a ~j£ ;
and when feathered and headed, it becomes a
„•*-». (T.) = It is also sometimes used for \j^>-
(l£z,TA in art. 1^.)

tt -

iijJ\ : see art.

it*-

i& (T, S, M, £) and ?&, (S, M, £,) in
which hitter the • is originally ^£, (I.I, M,} Cut-
tings, chips, parings, or the like ; (S, M, J£ ;)
what falls from a thing that, is formed, or

• *■ *

fashioned, by cutting. (T, S.*) _ [Hence,] ^ix*
i^lu «i \ limn that pares and peels the ground.
(TA.) — And ^oy^l^p ^y* yk +7/ie u o/" the refuse,
or lowest or meanest sort, of them. (M, TA.) — _
But iul^j ji, applied to a camel, means f^/i-
during travel : (T, S, M :) or having fat and
flesh : (8 :) and ajI^j Oli, applied to a she-
camel, has tho latter meaning : or the former :
(M| 1£ :) or strong when fatigued and emaciated
by travel: (TA:) or, as some say, <uI^j in both
cases means die remains of fatness and compact-
ness, or of fat, and of strength. (M, TA.) w*.
ijl^Jl is said to mean \Fleet, or *n>t/r, when
emaciated by travel; for the subst <ul^> is said
to be here put for the inf. n. i£//. (L in art C~*>,
q. v.)

ijl^i a quasi-inf. n. of 1 in the first of the senses
assigned to it above: as when it is said that a
reed for writing is not called a^*X3 except after
the *i\ji [i. e. the shaping, or paring]. (Msb.)

Vji A maker of arrows, who forms, or fashions,
them by cutting ; who shapes them out, or pares
them: or who does so completely: (!£:) and a
maker of spindles, who forms, or fashions, them
by cutting : and a cutter, or parer, of aloes-wood,
that is used for fumigation : (TA :) [and in like
manner, ,,-J 1\j/i a fashioner, or shaper, of
bows: whence the saying,] ly-> jV u->*M «*l [<7tve
Mow tAe iam <o its fashioner] ; meaning f commit
thou thine affair to him who will execute it well:

a prov. (Har p. 68. [See also Frey tag's Arab.
Prov. ii. 98.])

• •»*• * -»

iAjj : sec »tj--e.

,,-i^jV: see'.l^.

tjjlj and ijjl^ and >bjW : see in art. j^j.

^«JuUI ^j-« [The place where the paring is com-
menced of the reed for writing], (K in art. u>i>.)

i\j~a The iron implement, (S,) or knife, (Alln,
M, K,) with which one forms, fashions, shapes
out, or pares, (AHn, S, M, K,) a bom ; (AHn,

M, K ;) as also * «£, (^, TA,) with teshdeed
and medd, (TA,) or " t\jf, (so in a copy of the
M,) or 1 51^. (C^» an d so in a MS. copy of
the?.)

I t. S .

jUio part. n. of 6. It is said in a trad., oWjV**^
Ly*Ui> ^=>>j "^ OV^^'^ [2«c <rwo persons wfto
etc toiV/i cacA o</icr in the expensiveness of their
entertainments shall not have their invitations
accepted, nor shall their food lie eaten]. (El-Jami'
es-Saghecr of Es-Suyootec.) The O^jW** whose
food is forbidden, in a trad., to be eaten, are They
who vie with each other in order that each may
render the other unable to equal him in respect of
the repast prepared by him for his guests : and
the doing of this is disliked because of the rivalry
and ostentation that are involved in it. (TA.) __
,_,L> jLioJl is also an appellation of The night and
the day. (Har p. 377.)

1. »ji, aor. * , (S, TA,) inf. n. £, (S, K, TA,)
He took it away ; or seized it, or carried it
away, by force; (S, TA;) as also * »j^\, (S, K,)
and * tjiji : (K :) he took it away unjustly, inju-
riously, and forcibly ; as also * »Jil : (K,* TA :)
he gained the mastery over it : (K,* TA :) he pulled
it up or out or off; removed it from its place ;
displaced it; (K,» TA ;) as also t»>*l, and *»».

(TA.) It is said in a prov., jt j* ,>o He who
overcomes takes the spoil. (S, A.) And you say,
Ajy ojj, and t »jZf\, He took away from him, or
seised or carried away from him by force, his

garment. (A.) It is said in a trad., ^W^ ">^«»
jjftUij And he strips me, or despoils me, of my
clothes and my goods ; takes them from me by
superior force. (TA.) You say also, <^U> »jj
He pulled off from him his clotlies. (TA.) And
\tf\j &a a^jjV J^p' T j-^' T/ie man stripped
his slave-girl of her clothes. (Mgh,* TA.) — Also
AjJi jf, aor. as above, He pulled his garment
towards him, or to him: so in a verse of Khalid
Ibn-Zuhcyr El-Hudhalce [cited in art. ^*oj, but

with this difference, that j*~i is there put in the

place ofjZ]. (S, TA.) [»j* is also explained

in the TA by <\. ■*- ; but without any ex. ; and I
think it probable that *«■«— is a mistake for c-> j*>-] .

' 'a * -

8 : see 1, in six places. = tyjUj ^» O^/l She
stripped herself of her clothes. (A.)

[Book I.

R. Q. 1. *>£^: see 1, in two places ijfr

[the inf. n.] also signifies The being quick and
active in wrongful, unjust, injurious, or tyran-

nical, conduct : and the rel. n. is ^^Jji)i- (TA.)

}j inf. n. of 1. (S, &c.) [Hence, app.,] i^j*.

5- i. '

\jj \je. <u He was brought without any means of

avoiding it ; (A, TA ;) willingly or against his
trill : (TA in art. js. :) [as though originally sig-
nifying by being overcome and desjtoiled.] ass
Cloths, or stuffs, or garments; syn. ^A^J : (IAmb,
Mgh, K :) [see also »Jj :] or a kind thereof: (Lth,
Mgh, Msb :) or such as are the goods of the j\j{,
(S, A,) or of the merchant: (Msb:) or the fur-
niture of a house or tent, consisting of cloths or
stuffs (_>£, IDrd, Mgh, Msb, K) and the like:
(K:) in the dial, of the people of El-Koofch,
cloths, or stuffs, or garments, (.^Vh,) of linen and
of cotton ; not of wool nor of ji. : (Mgh :) pi.

*" v • •I*"

j j^j ; (A ;) meaning, in conjunction with j j>*-,
(i. e., j)j>) jij^-i) good cloths or stuffs or gar-
ments. (A.) [Golius explains it as "Chald. Y'Q'
liyssus, sen potius pannus Uncus, bombacinus,
ctiain sericus :" as on the authority of the S and
K (though lie omits the explanations in both
those lexicons) and Meyd and Ibn-Maaroof (who
explains it only by the Persian word <uW, mean-
ing cotton or linen cloth, or a garment,) and the
Mirkiit cl-Loghah. He seems to have judged
from its resenihlancc in sound to the Chaltlce and
Latin words with which he identities it. The
things which it signifies, however, may perhaps
he so culled because they are usual spoils: and
hence also, {icrhnps, the application here next
following.] = Weapons, or arms; or a ivcapon;
syn. p-^-* ; (S, Msb, K ;) as also * ijj, (S, A,

Msh, K,) and * )}i, (K,) and ♦ L S>i* : (TA :) the
first of these four words including in its application
coats of mail and the jkx* and the sword: (TA :)
or it signifies a sword : (IDrd, A, TA :) and " jji,
accord, to A A, complete arms. (TA.) You say,

U_» \j> jJlaj 7/c hung upon himself a goodly
sword, putting its suspensory belt or cord upon
his neck. (A.) And iXAis * Sjj ,.» lit He went
to war in complete arms. (A.)

Iji Constraint, or force : as in the saying, ,jJ

,-io Sjj Ij^l t> jji-b He will never take it by con-
straint, or force, from me. (Ks, TA.) =ss Out-
ward appearance; state with regard to apparel
and the like ; syn. iljk, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, ?,
TA,) and »jli> : (TA :) garb; mode, manner, or
fashion, of dress: (TA :) apparel. (A, Mgh.)
You say, ejJI ,>-». i J*>.j A man of goodly out-
ward appearance, or state of apparel and the
like : (Mgh, Msb :) or as some say, clothes and

* * ' i he »*

arms. (Mgh.) And li — iu jJJ *il Verily he
has a goodly outward appearance and dress. (A,
TA.)=sScc also^, latter part, in two places.

jji : sec_jj, latter part, in two places.

lj\ji The trade of the fa. (Mgh, Msb, K.)

jtj* The seller of the cloths or stuffs or the like
called > (S,* A,» Mgh,« K.)

Book I.]

iCjiU a subst. from jt in the first of the senses
explained above; The act of taking away; or
spoliation; or the act of seizing, or carrying
away, by force: (S,TA:) the act of taking, or
obtaining, by superior power or force. (K,* TA.)

It is said in a trad., Jly*t -*»-lj ijjij* Ol^i -V
J^. jfkf Then it shall be by spoliation, and the
taking of possessions without right : or, as some
relate this trad., • \->}t}i ; but accord, to Az, this
is naught, (TA.) You 6ay also, <u^*JI C ju ^ j
iCjiji [The office of Khalcefeh became reduced
to be a thing taken by superior power or force] ;
tpas not taken by desert. (A, TA.) = Sec also

ji, latter part,

ij}i}t ■ Bcc R - Q J » nnd \SMif

:

1. ^, aor. - , (L,) inf. n. £>J, (S, L, K,) He

had a prominent breast and hollow bach : (S, L,
1C :) or he had the lower part of his belly pro-
minent, and the part between the hips, or haunches,
[behind,] hollow, or depressed: or he had tlie
middle if his back hollow, or dejtressed, and the
lower part of his belly prominent : or he had
his bark retiring from his belly : or he. had his
belly oppressed, and the iil [here npp. meaning
the pubes], and the part next thereto, prominent :
(L:) i-yi is similar to J-«» : [sct'yjo:] (A:)
and * ~>yl signifies the same as ~-y>. (IAnr,
TA.) The epithet applied to a man is » »-jj\ ;

and to a woman, iWjj. (S, A,L,K.) — Also,
inf. n. us alwivo, He (u horse) [«•«.« saddle-bached;
i. c.,] Anrf a hollow back, and prominent croup
and withers. (l.Sd, L.)

6. 9-jl*3 -//<-' walked, or jot*, »'« </*e manner of
/««'/« »•/><» /'« termed *jfl. (L.) And w-*.jUJ 8M
(a woman) »««</« /«?/• posteriors to stick out:
(S:) »r .«/(/.' /irtrf prominent posteriors: (K :) or
*/«• (an old woman, in walking,) erected her back-
bone, and wade the part between her shoulders to
recede, and bent the part above it, next her neck :
(L:) or she had her posteriors prominent, and
the upper part of her back, next the neck, bent.
(TA.) — He (a horse) bent his hoof towards his
belly, because of the shortness of his neck, at the time

6 I

of drinking. (TA.) -_^»^)l ^ rf-jU3 \ He drew

back, held back, or kung bach, from the thing,
or affair; would not go forward in it. (S,
A,K.)

7 : 6ee 1.

f-jt\ A man having a prominent breast, and

hollow back : &c. : (see 1 :) fern. l-Ljj. (S, A,
L| K.) — A horse having a depressed croup and
backbone: (§ :) or [saddle-backed; i. c.] having
a hollow back, ami prominent croup and withers.
(ISd, L.) It is applied to a horse such as is
termed Ojijj. (L.) — And the fem., A she-
camel having a plain, or even, croup, or rump.
(L.)

U-jUio ■*£»• He (a man) walked like an old
woman affecting, or constraining lursclf, to erect
her backbone, so that the part between Iter

Ji — Oji

shoulders recedes : (A :) or, like an old woman
having her posteriors prominent, and the u]rpcr
part of her back, next the neck, bent. (TA.)

1. jjJUt j^J, (Msb,) [aor. - or ; , accord, to the
rule of the K,l inf. n. , jj ; (K ;) and * Ujjj,
(A,) inf. n. jjjJ ; (TA ;) He threw, or put,

;#, (A,) or jtjjl, (Msb,) or ^jtf, (A,K,)
[i. c. seeds for seasoning the food,] into the
cooking-pot. (A, Msb, K.) — [Hence,] * ^
4Uy& J He seasoned (J->y [moaning he embel-
lished]) his speech, or language. (A.) — jji,
(TK,) inf. n. jjj, (K,) also signifies He sowed
(K,TK) seeds; (TK;) i. q. jJS. (K,TA.)
2 : sec 1, in two places.

jjj : sec what next follows, in five places.

jji and * jji, (S, Msb, K,) the former the
more chaste, (T, S, Msb,) or the oidy form used
by persons of chaste speech, (ISk, T, Msb,) The
seed of herbs or leguminous plants, (S, A, Mgh,
Msb,) and of other plants: (S, A, Msb :) or
small seed or grain, such as that of herbs or
leguminous plants and the like : (TA :) or any
seed, or grain, that is sown (Kb, Msb, K) for
vegetation ; (K ;) as also jjj [q. v.] : (Kb,
Msb:) pi. jjjj. (K.)_ And Seeds tkat are
used in cooking, for seasoning food; syn. J^U :
pi. *jl>^l and jij(/\ ; (K ;) the latter of which
is pi. of jljjl ; (TA;) or ofthis word and of "jI>jJ ;
both of which arc sings. ; arabicized [from the
Persian jljil] ; the former of them anomalous,
being of a pi. form : (Msb:) jl^l and ^jW' are
syn. with Jv'v : (? :) or j\jj\ and J^\jj both
signify that with which food is seasoned; but the
former of these is applied to what is moist, and
what is dry ; and the latter, to what is dry only :
this distinction, however, appears to be conven-
tional [and modern] ; for the [classical] language
of the Arabs docs not indicate it. (MF.)__
Hence, *>;jWt also signifies t Additions [or em-
bclliskmcnts] in speech. (A.) — >jj and * tU
signify also Oil of jji [i. c. of seeds]. (S.) jjj
,jU£H [commonly meaning Linseed] signifies
linseed-oil in the dial, of the people of Baghdad.
(K.)__AIso *)£, (Mgh,) or>at '&, (M 9 b,)
J The eggs of the silk-worm. (Mgh, Msb.) ^_
And ♦tlie former of these, t Offspring. (K,TA.)

One says, " »yyt j-"^*' U \How numerous is his
offsi>riiig! (TA.)

i\jjf. Bce j3 j!*.

[Jjji One who expresses the oil of jfr* (TA.)

• 5^ St * 9"

j\)1 One who sells «jUi3t j}i, i. e., linseed-oil,
in the dial, of the people of Baghdad. (K.)

• t *

j^j^i J A man who induces in one, or throws

one into, doubt or suspicion; from die phrase

i^&jj;. (a.)
• -»« • -» i,i •»

jl^l and j\j/\ : pi. xjW : 8ee JJ^» ' n tnrce
places.

199
jjjj^l [(?«« wAo sells j\}j\ or jl^lj. (K.)

j^-« Seasoned with jijty, i. e. J*!y- ("§"•)

[SccJ^.]

j$j~» t Having many children ; applied to a
man : and so * iljj^ applied to a woman. (K,
TA.)

&

1. c^jv [inf. n. of tjf] signifies The beginning
to rise, or come forth : this is the primary mean-
ing: mentioned by Zj. (TA.) __ Hence, (TA,)
(.jj, said of a tush, or tusk, or canine tooth, (A,)
or of the tush of a camel, (S, Msb, K,) [aor. '- ,]
inf. n. *}}i, (Msb,) It came forth; (S, Msb, K;)
it clave the flesh, ami came forth. (A.) — And
hence, (A, TA,) J^lll cijj, (JK, §, A, Msb,
K,) aor. ' , (TK,) inf. n. as alwvc (JK,S, K) and
Ljj, (K,) Tfic sun began to rise ; (J K, T A ;) as
though it clave the darkness with its light : (A,
TA :) or rose, (S, Msb, K,) with spreading light:
(TA:) or tjjt has the meaning first explained
above; the beginning to rise, or come forth. (K.)
And in like manner one says, ^oJUl kji [The
moon began to rise: or rose], (A, TA.)aea tjt,

(S, Mgh, Msb, Ki) aor. '- , (Msb,) inf. n. *£{,
(JK, Msb,) He (a cupper, and a farrier,) scarified,
(S, Msb, K>) ami made the blood to flow : (Msb:)
he (a farrier) scarified a beast (J K, Mgh, TA) in its
jjL-,\ [or part next the hoof(\n the TA, erroneously,
jjj.)], (J K,) with a £>* (J K, Mgh, TA) of iron ;
(JK;)asalsoti^,inf.n.L>J: (JK,*TA:) Aboo-
' Adnan says that *i>y and ^-ij--^ signify the same,

namely, the making a slight incision, or stab, suck
as does not reach the sinews, or tendons. (TA.)
__ And He made his blood to flow. (TA.)
2: seel.

7. %etji\ fcj-il, (?, and so in a copy of the K»)
or t ij^\, (so in other copies of the K and in the
TA,) The first, or beginning, of the [season, or
rain, or herbage, called] %t/j came. (S, K.)

8 : see 7.

yC jj, (TA,) and 2±j<t ^J., (Msb,) and

i.j\y j>y*~>, (JK, A,) [A moon, and a sun, and
stars,] beginning to rise: (JK^TA:) or rising.
(Msb, TA.)

\yi» A lancet (S, Mgh, K) of a cupper and of
a farrier. (JK, Mgh, TA.)

d»

1. j£, (S, Mfb, K,) aor. « , (Msb, TA,) inf. n.
Jji, (S, TA,) or J\}t, (Msb,) [but see the latter
below,] t. q. J^ (S,« Msb) or jl^ (K) [He
spat: sec also 5]: but it is of weak authority,
or rare ; the most chaste being J-oj. (TA in art.

J—f.) =s t^j^l ^)}i He sowed the land ; ( Az, K :)
of the dial, of El- Yemen. (TA.) = Jl,^jj| pj>
i.q. Ost>j; (Az, K;) so in a trad., meaning The
sun rose : the latter is that which is [commonly]
known ; but the former may be a dial. var. ;

200

though the right reading seems to be cJ^l (Az,
TA.)

4. cJj^l She (namely, a ewe, JK, or a camel,
JC) external the milk [or biettingt into her udder
before bringing forth]; (Yz, JK.R, TA;) i.q.
CJM [**•]. (TA.)

■1

5. Jj-3 7/c ejected his spittle, as the faster is
commanded to do. (Mgh.)

Jl^ is well known ; (£ ;) t. 7. JU^ [Spittle,
or saliva, when it has gone forth from the mouth] :
(S :) or saliva that flows. (TA in art. *r~oj-)
[Sec also 1.]

&j~» A spittoon, or vessel in which to spit ;
syn. iiiL. (TA in art. Ji3.)

J*

1. .$, (Msb, $,) aor. «, (TA,) inf. n. J&,
(Msb, TA,) He clave it, split it, or slit it; (I£ ;)
as also t '4^, (£,) i„f. n . J^J. (TA. [But the
latter verb probably has an intensive or a fre-
quentative sense, or applies to many objects.])
_ He broached it, or pierced it, and drew forth

mltat mas in it. (Msb.) He broached, or

pierced, the vessel containing it, (IDrd, £, TA,)
and drew it forth; (IDrd, TA;) namely wine,
ice. ; (IDrd, $, TA ;) as also t *}0 and • *)Jj.
($,• TA.) You say, ,^-Ju) ^0j\ tcJ£| [J
broached its vessel, and drew forth the nine, or
beverage, for myself], (TA.)—_ He removed it,
or took it off, namely, the clay [that closed the
mouth,] from the head of the ijl [or wine-jar].
(Hur p. 140.) _ He cleared it, or clarified it;
nnmcly, wine, or beverage; (!£;) as also t*)j^l:
but Az says, I know not JjJI as signifying " the
act of dealing, or clarifying." (TA. [»^»£jyt cJ^J
is mentioned, but not explained, in the S. The
meaning there intended may be cither the third or
the lost given above.]) — J He decided it, (K,
TA,) and settled it firmly; (TA ;) namely, a
case, or an aflair; or an opinion :,(£, TA:) and
1 he decided it; namely, the judicial sentence.
(TA.) _t//« originated it, or devised it; namely,
his opinion. (TA.)__i».U. JjJ i*JL> ojjs. U
\He has not a sufficiency, or a sufficiency of the
means of subsistence, that mill satisfy a mant.
(Z, T A.) mm Jj^, (S, Msb, ?,) aor. * , (S. Msb,)
inf. n. Jyji ($, Msb, $) and JjJ, (£, TA, [in
the C£ jj/,]) It (the V U [or tush] of a camel)
clave the flesh, and came forth : (K,» TA :) or
Am (a camel's) ^>\i [or tush] clave the flesh, and
came forth ; (S, Msb ;) [or he became such as is
termed Jjl# ; generally] by his entering the ninth
year. (Msb.) — [And hence, as being likened
to a camel that has attained his full strenoth.l
inf. n. ailjy [written without any indication of the
syll. signs, but most probably 3i\jj, though the
verb seems to be j}t, not Jjj,] fit (an opinion,
or a judgment,) mas, or became, tight. (Msb.)

2: seel.

8. J>3 and *J>il, ($, TA,) or *Jj#, (so the
Utter is written in tho CKL,) It clave, split, or
slit; i n trans. : ($.:) or the former signifies t(
clave, split, or slit, much, in several places, or

often ; syn. JL13 : and * the second, said of a
£il», [app. here meaning a sputhc, rather than a
spadix, of a palm-tree,] it clave, split, or burst.
(S.)__AIso, tho first, said of the body, It burst
forth, or flowed, with blood : and in like manner
one says of a water-skin JfyJ and ;UJl^ J^J [ft
burst forth, or flowed, with watei; or the water].
(TA.) = See also 1.

7 : see 5, in two places.

8: sec 1, in three places ass and see 5.

10. *lj£*\ He opened it; namely, a ^j [or
wine-jar]. (Har p. 140.)
• * j ft
Oji ji j*\ A distressing, an afjlictive, or a

calamitous, affair or event or case. (S, K.)

\J}i *e* *l*-» A mater-skin that bursts forth, or
flows, with the water : pi. Jjjf. (TA.)

tyji X A great calamity or misfortune or dis-
aster. (IDrd, K, TA.) — ^Difficulties, distresses,
or ^afflictions. (IDrd, K.) You say, J±$ yk
»*5)>rf t He is one mho manages great affairs ; (S,
K, TA ;) mho has ability and strength to over-
come difficulties. (TA.) — i Good judgment or
opinion or counsel. (S, K.) __ $)y> ,j*£iJ U
HV tAsfi + ouch a one has not determination,
resolution, or decision, of judgment, mhereby to
live. (TA.) — {%> ji >k t He has a firm, or
mell-esiablished, may, or manner, of acting, or
conducting himself. (TA.) — $jj ILL J A great
event that distinguishes that mhich is true and
that mkick is false. (K,* TA.)

• -i
JJ^ The place that is broached, or pierced, in

a vessel containing wine .jr.; (K ;) the place

whence issues the thing [or liquid] whereof the

containing vessel is broached, or pierced. (IDrd.)

JljV An iron instrument with mhich the J}~e

'*' *

[or Jj~» ?] of a mine-jar is opened. (Sgh, K.)

\J5}i '• sce JjWj •» two places.

ijijii applied to wine or beverage, t. q. t^^iLe
[which may mean cither That mhereof the con-
taining vessel has been broached and which has
been drawn forth, or that which is cleared or
clarified; but more probably the former]. (Ibn-
'Abbad.)

Jjb, applied to a camel, the male and the
female, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) That has cut its ^>\j
[or tush] ; (S, Msb, K ;) by its entering the ninth
year; (Msb;) or in its ninth year; (S, Mgh,
K ;) for then it cuts that tooth ; (S, £ ;) or, as is
sometimes the case, in the eighth year; (S;) and
after this there is no age named : (IAar, j£ :) or
a she-camel t/iat has completed her ninth year,
and attained her full strength : (Ham p. 50G :)
and * J^ signifies the same, applied to the mule
and the female : (IDrd, K :) or, accord, to AZ,
a she-camel is not termed Jj\* ; but the epithet
* ijjfc is applied to her tfiat has completed a year
after cutting the tooth above mentioned, until she
is termed w>U : (MF, TA :) the pi. (of JjL., S,
Msb) is Jjl^ (S, Msb, K) and J% (S, $) and
Jj*> (?,) or jjj, like ^J£>. (K.) >U Jj(/ and
O**^ JjW signify That has passed a year, and
two years, after cutting the tooth above mentioned.

[Book I.

(MF,TA.) — Also The tooth that has come forth
at the time above mentioned : (S, K :) pi. Jljbjv.
(IAar, K.) _ And X A man perfect in his expe-
rience and his intellect: (K, TA:) or rendered
firm, or sound, in judgment by age and expe-
rience: so says IDrd: likened to the camel thus
termed: (TA:) or old: opposed to c j»-, q. y.

(IAar in art. cJl». of the TA.) And t A case,

or an affair, and an opinion, firmly settled or
established. (TA.) — Jj^^LL+A difficult, a
distressing, or an afflicting, thing, affair, or busi-
ness. (TA.) You say also, Jity »^-V 'jy \He
war nfflicted with a difficult and distressing thing
or event. (TA. [See also art. , .,- t * ]) .&+£
oJjb A wound in the head from mhich the blood
flows : (S :) or such at is termed <U>jU-, (1£»)
i.e. i*»-^U«, (TA,) [but6ec these two words, and see
i^~i,] that cleaves the skin, but does not penetrate
beyond it: (K:) the mulct for which is said to be

three camels. (TA.) ijjW^J c-A U is like

the saying i^ilj ^ i^tlj J^J ^*i U, i. c.
I [There remained not to them] one [sheep or goat,
or camel], (S, TA.) You say also, iij(f ajuc U,
i. e. f There is not in his jwssession anything of
property, or of camels &c. : (Ynakoob, S, K :) or,
a sufficiency, or a sufficiency if the means of
subsistence, that mill satisfu a mant. (Z, TA.)
And ajjb tjjx. 4&I j)jj ^ f [May God not leave
in his possession] anything. (S.) Aml ^^.l i
tySt t [He did not give them] anything. (S.)

[Jj»»o app. The mouth of a wine-jur : see Jti/.l

Jj~» A strainer, or thing with which mine, or
beverage, is cleared, or clarified; (S, K, TA ;) as
also * 2ij~». (K.)__yl/* instrument for broach-
ing, piercing, or perforating. (Msb.)

•--• •*•

i)J~o : sce J>~*.

JjZ?» : sec Jj}i.

j>\}i\ : sce what follows.

Mjfa (?. Mgh, K, Sec.) and ty^j (K) r A
buckle;] die tking tliat is at the head [or end] of
tke [zone, or waist-belt, called] ~<\i\*...c (S, K) and
tke like, and that has a tongue, into which [thing]
the other extremity [of the oih;^] enters; (K.;)
a ring with a tongue, which is at the head of the
iikio and the like, and with which it is fastened;
(Mgh ;) the ring tliat has a tongue which enters
into the hole in the lowest part of the shoulder-
belt of tke sword, and upon mhich the ring then
bites, or presses; the ring altogether [with the
tongue] being termed ^^t ; (ISh, TA ;) the
iron thing that is at tke end of the girth of the
horse's saddle, which is fastened therewith ; and
sometimes it is at the end of the 4iJa^« : (IB,
TA:) pi. ^ytf. (S.)_Also A lock; and so
OiJrl\- (TA.) — You say, M yj £-# j[ t mean-
ing -f Verily such a one is a niggard. (TA.)

1. \jj, aor. *j*j, i. q. JjUu [app. as meaning
He stretched out kit neck, bolting at a thing far

Book I.]

off] ; and ,^-iO [hero meaning the game, or lie
looked, raiting hit head; said of a hawk, or
falcon] : (Az, ISd, K :) and hence IJ says that
♦ jl^ is [originally] of the measure jdi from this
verb : (TA : [and it is said in the K that jl^
seems to be hence derived:]) [or JjUxS may
here be used in another sense ; for, accord, to Fci,]
\jl, aor. as above, signifies lie overcame, or sub-
dued; and hence is derived ▼jl^. (Msb.) You
say also, aJLt \jj, aor. as above, meaning JjU»j
[i. e.| thus followed by aJ^, He held up his head
with an assumption of superiority over him ;
behaved haughtily towardt him; exalted himself
above him; or overpowered, subdued, or oppressed,
him]. (S.) And>yU^ \J}i The people, or com-
pany of men, were overcome, or subdued. (TA.)
And »\jf, aor. as above, (K,) inf. n. jjj, (TA,)
He overcame, or subdued, him ; and laid violent
hands upon him, or assaulted him ; as also \jjj^l
<V : (K :) or this last signifies he overcame him,
and subdued him : (S :) and »\jf, he wronged him;
or treated him wrongfully, or injuriously : and
t »\ji\ may sigtiify the same ; or this may mean
he induced him to become \<i$i <]. v. : (Ham p.
502:) and accord, to Ahoo-rliyash, 1^£}i\ signi-
fies he pressed heavily upon his adversary, or
imposed on him that which he was unable to do,
or to bear, in order to treat him wrongfully, or
injuriously. (Ham p]>. 104 and 10.0.) [It is said
that] O^jji [ an ' n '- n - of which the verb, if it
have one, is ]jj,] signifies the act of Leaping;
syn. ^-jj. (S : [but I think it not improbable
that this may have been taken from a mistran-
scription of i^tjj)) an inf. n. of lji.])s=j_£j^,
(K,) aor. -' ; (Ham p. 502 ;) and jjj, aor. '- ; (K;)
inf. n. & (S,"K,»TA) and j£, (TA,) He (a
man, TA) had what is termed If*; (K.;) i.e.,
prominence of the breast and depression of the
back : (S, K, and Ham ubi supra :) or depression
of the back and prominence of the belly : or, as
some say, prominence of the breast and depression
of the lower part oft/ie belly : (Ham ubi supra :)
or depression oftlie breast and prominence of the
lower part of the belly : (Ham p. 105 :) or a
bending in the back next the posteriors : (K, TA :)
or a projecting oftlie middle of the back over the
posteriors : or a backward bulging of the poste-
riori: (K:) or lie was as though his posteriors
projected over the hinder part of the thighs : or
he had the breast bulging forward and the poste-
riors backward, so that he appeared unable to
ttraighten hit back. (T, TA.) [See also 4.] The
epithet is ^}i\ : fern. i\yj{. (S, 1£.)

4. \^£jA : see 1, in three places. ^ Also, (S,
£,) inf. n. \\}A, (A 'Obeyd, S,) He (a man,
A 'Obeyd, S) elevated hit posteriors ; (A 'Obeyd,
S, £ ;) as also * ^jU : (S, K :) or the latter
signifies he acted in such a manner in his walk

at to cause it to be imagined that he was j_£jjl ;
(Ham p. 105 ;) or he moved his posteriors in
walking, like as does a woman; or he bent, or
bowed, himtelfto others. (TA.) Accord, to IAar,
•IjJI [probably a mistranscription for ►tj/^l] sig-
nifics Li**JI [i. c. U UUd l, npp. meaning An
extravagant affecting of elegance of carriage,
such as is common with women]. (TA.)
Bk. I.

6. ^jlfJ: see 4. — Also He. stepped wide.

(K.) And He made a vain, or false, boast

of abundance, or riches; or a boast of more than
he possessed; or invested himself with that which
did not belong to him. (K.)

2jt The equal, equivalent, or like, of a thing.
(S, K.) You say, \j£a jjj aU OjjU [I took
from him, or of it, the equal, equivalent, or like,
of such a thing], (S.)

j\/ (S, Msb, K) and jb [mentioned in art. jy/]

(Msb, TA, and so in some copies of the K in

*t. » . i

this art.) and jL> [mentioned in art. jV] and "^jW

(TA) [A name given to several varieties of the
hawk, or falcon;] a species of jiuo, (K,) that
preys, or hunts or catches game; (S ;) the proud-
est and fiercest of birds of prey, found in the
country of the Turks : it is said that this name
is only given to the female, and that the male it of
another kind, a kite, or a white falcon (y^Ali), and
hence the varietiet of form, #c. in different indivi-
duals of the species: that of which the prevailing
colour is white is the best, and t/ie fullest in body,
and the bohlest, and the easiest to train : this variety

.ml

(the w-yil) is found only in the country of the
Turks, and Armenia, and the country of the Kha-
zar : (Kzw:) [sec also J£l/ :] respecting the deri-
vation, see 1, in two places : the pi. (of J W, S, ISd,

Msb) is \\y> (S, ISd, Msb, K) and j£ ; (ISd,
K ;) and (of jW, Msb) o!>rf (Msb, K) and j£t,
(Msb,) the former a pi. of mult., and the latter
a pi. of pauc, (TA,) or the former is originally
,j\ijf [and therefore a pi. of j\^] ; (IKft. TA in

art. j** ;) and (of jW, K in art. j^,) j£j| [a pi.

of pauc] and j^yi (K in this art. and in art. jV)

and (^Ipf. (I£ in the latter art.)

3 .

(Jjl/: see jV.

* *

j_gj^l, applied to a man, (S, Mgh,) Having
what is termed ]}j ; (S, K ;) i. e., prominence of
the breast and depression of the back, (S, Mgh,
K, and Ham p. 105,) or of the part between the
shoulder-blades : (Ham ubi supra :) &c. : [see 1,
latter part :] fern. i\$jj : (S, K :) the masc. is
sometimes coupled with »-^l ; and the fern., with

iU-jj, applied to an old woman who, when she
walks, is as though she were bowing down her
head and body : and the fem. is said by some to
signify sticking out her posteriori to be teen of
men. (TA.)

yr$\ IJkyj J** ^h He is strong, or able, to
perform this affair ; a prudent, or sound, mana-
ger thereof. (S.)

u-i

1. yj-t signifies The act of breaking : or break-
ing in pieces : syn. _ /0 iaa.. (TA.)__[And The
act of mixing : see ^... ....,». This, or the former,

is probably the primary signification.] — _ [And

it, S-r.

hence, app.,] a_>, aor. -, inf. n. ^~>, (M, Msb,)
He broke it, crumbled it, or bruised or brayed
it ; said of wheat, &c. ; thus making it what is
termed i_-_j : (Msb :) or he mixed it, namely,

201

tjiy [or meal of parched barley or wheat], and
flour, ice, with clarified butter, or with olive-oil;
thus making it what it termed <L.» t <^ : (M :) or
he moistened it, namely, tjiy-', and flour, with a
little water; (ISk, Msb;) but making it more

moist than one does in the action termed C-) :
(Yaakoob, cited in the S; and ISk, in the Msb:)

or ^~) signifies the making, or preparing, * ...-... y ,
by stirring about, or moistening, £iy, or flour,
or ground iai\, with clarified butter, or with
olive-oil; (S,K;) after which it is eaten, without
being cooked. ($.) — [And hence the saying

in the Kur lvi. 5,] t_. JUaJI c~yj And the
mountains shall be crumbled with a vehement
crumbling, (Lh, M, A, ]£>) like flour, and &.y,
(A,) and become earth : (Fr,K :) or become dust
cleaving to the earth : (AO, M, TA :) or be
levelled : ' (M, TA :) or mixed with the dust : (Zj,
M, TA :) or reduced to powder and scattered in
the wind. (TA.)

ttmmgm f Wheat, fyc, broken, or crumbled, or
bruised : (Msb :) or Jjy [or meal of parched
barley or wheat], and flour, $c, mixed with
clarified butter, or with olive-oil : (M :) or what
is stirred about with olive-oil, or with clarified
butter, and not wetted [with water] : (Lh, M :)
or iSiy-it or flour, or ground Jait, stirred about,
or moistened, with clarified butter, or with olive-
oil; (S, K ;) after which it it eaten, without
being cooked: (S :) or JL> y, And flour, moistened
with a little water, (ISk, Msb,) but more moist
than such as is prepared in the manner termed

cJ ; (Yaakoob, cited in the S ; and ISk, in the
Msb ;) and used as travelling-provision : (TA :)
and bread dried and pounded, and [mixed with
water so that it is] drunk like as Jj^- is drunk :
(M, K:*) IDrd thinks it to be what it termed
OyS : also barley mixed with date-stones, for
camelt: (M, TA:) or, accord, to As, anything
that one mixes with another thing : such at ,jiy-
with Jail, which one then moistent with fresh
butter: and such as barley with date-stones, which
one then moistens, for camelt : (Msb,* TA :) pi.
tr —^, (IAar, TA,) which is explained in the £
as signifying messes of^y* moistened, or ttirred
about with water, $c. (i3yJU ai^-l). (TA.)

t * *■

1. y Ui, and ^ ; (S ; M, $ ;) aor. = ; (M,
5;) 'inf. n. Ov and £1J (S,M,5) and ft^,

(M, K,) all of the former verb •, (M ;) and ll^,
(M, K,) of the latter ; (M ;) He wot, or became,
sociable, friendly, or familiar, with him; (namely,
a man, S, TA ;) or cheered, or gladdened, by kit
company or converse, or by his presence. (S, M,
K.) _ j4*^ Llv, inf. n. \j~> and 'y—i, He wot,
or became, accustomed, or habituated, to the affair,
or cote. (M,*£, # TA.) — [And hence,] «* L^
He despised, or made light of, him, or it. (M,£.)

4. <u\—i\ I made him sociable, friendly, or
familiar ; or cheered him, or gladdened him, by
my company or converse, or by my pretence.

(?,?:.)

26

202

'y~i A she-camel that offer* no opposition to
her milker, (S, If.,) being of a good disposition,
and accustomed to him. (T A. )

C •,.../ accord, to some : ijll~y accord, to others.

ijt—i [accord, to its etymology (which will
be explained below) and to general modern usage,
A garden of tweet-scented flowers and trees: but
accord, to the Arabic Lexicons,] a [garden such
at it termed] 1^.: (Mgh,Msb:) or a [garden,
or walled garden, such as is termed] Ziuj*-, (M,
5, TA,) of palm-trees ; as in a poem of El-Aasha:
(TA :) said by Fr to be an Arabic word ; (Msb,
TA;) but this is denied by IDrd: (TA:) and
said by some to bo .j»»}j [or Greek] : (Msb :)
[but correctly] it is an arabicized word, from [the
Persian] 0^-*9* [bostan], (K, [in which the ^
is regarded as a radical letter,] Shifa cl-Ghalccl,
MF,) meaning " taking odour, or fragrance," or,
as some say, " a place where odour, or fragrance,
collects, or is collected :" (Shifa el-Ghalcel, MF :)
its composition from y( and ,jt— > requires the
former meaning to 1>c assigned to it : (TA:) [or
rather it signifies " a place of odour, or fra-
grance:"] afterwards applied to trees: (TA :) pi.
OJC (Msb, K) and o^W, (£,) like o^Ci

and'o^LCi. (TA.)

• *s» §s

^j[,M.„f [an arabicized word from the Persian
• '•'•j . * • • j

^jUiU—j, t. q. " L J\J~-/, which is the more common;

A gardener, or] a keeper of a ^jU— j. (TA.)
^yili-v : sec wliat next precedes.

Jul/ an arabicized word, [because ^ and i do
not occur in any one Arabic word, (Msb, voce

Sislf,)] Coral; syn. oW^'. ($.)

1. j—t He took anything when it was fresh,
juicy, moist, or not flaccid ; (T A ;) as also *j-— VI
[which is more commonly used]. (M, K,* TA.)
[Hence,] oLill Cjj~j, aor. - , inf. n. j~. i, I pas-
tured [beasts] upon the herbage when it was fresh
and juicy, I being the firtt to do to. (TA.)__
Also, (K,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the

* * it
inf. n., (M,) «'. q. J*f-#l [as meaning + lie was

quick, or beforehand, or before the proper time,
with a person or thing, or in doing, or seeking,
a thing]. (M,$.) [Hence,] tfUl '^, (As, S,
M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above ; (M ;) and
t \aj^\, (8, A,) and *U^3 ; (T ;) f He (the
stallion) covered the she-camel without her desiring
it : (As, 8, A :) or before she desired it. (M, K.)
And in like manner, j— <> and T >-~> X He (a stal-
lion) covered a mare wAcn s/<« had only begun tc
feel the excitement of desire. (TA.) And tj<~yl
It jUJI J //e deflowered the girl before she had
attained to puberty. (A, and Msb in art i^aS.)
And j— / and t>-— yl t He fecundated a palm-tree
fre/brs (As proper time for doing to. (M, K.)
And ;U-JI j—/. (K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) f Jfe
dranA < he milk of the thin, (K,) or ^ave t'f to

fce drunk, (S,) before it had become thick, and fit
for churning. (S, K.) And j~4, (M, K,) aor.
as al)ove, (M, A,) and so the inf. n., (S, M,)
t He broke a pustule : (A :) or he squeezed a
pustule, or a boil, before it was ripe : (TA :) or
he laid it open by peeling off its crust, or scab,
before it was ripe ; (S, M, K. ;) as also t j~j\.
(K.) And, inf. n. as above, t He dug rivers
when water was scarce : or sought for, or after,
water [when it was scarce] : and so, accord, to
Az, *j-1j. (L. [But for i^U* jl ,U)I Sjt. IJI,
as part of the explanation, I read jl jljl "js. tjl
<uU>.]) And ^yJI j— j f //* </«// a well in [the
bed of] the river, it being dry. (L. [But here,
for 0U0 jib), I read JU. y*j.]) Also J1j, (S,
M, £,) aor. ns above, (M,) and inf. n. as above
(S, M) andJW; (M ;) and * > -^l (M, A, K)
and »>— J and 1j~j\ ; (M, K ;) 1 7/e sought,
sought for or fl/Vcr, demanded, or desired, a thing
that he wanted, or needed, in n« improper time :
(M, K :) or in aw improper place : (S, M :) or
in an improper manner: (J 111 :) or before its
time. (A.) And the first of these verbs, \ He
required a debt to he paid before the time when
it was due. (K, TA.) And [He required his
debtor to pay a debt before the time when it «•«.<
due: from iSLJI ^—/, explained above. (Sh,TA.)
_ Also, inf. n. j—y, + He began a thing ; and
so *,^-^l. (K.) And a/ j~j (TK) and <v *j— ^1
(TA,TK) \He began with it. (TA,TK1.) =
Also, aor. '- , inf. n. j^>, He mixed j~~i [or full-
grown unripe dates] with others, in beverage of
the kind called JuJ : the doing of which is for-
bidden in a trad. : (S :) or he mixed j~~> with
fresh ripe dates, or with dry dates, and made
with them both togctlier that kind of beverage.
(TA.) And lj^5 jl^i, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n.
as above ; and " »j— ^ (M) and " »j — jI ; (K ;)
He made, of dry dates, that kind of beverage,
and mixed j^f with it. (M, K.) ass Also, (M,
K,) aor. - , inf. n. j~. f and )y—>, (M,) He
frowned ; contracted his face ; or grinned, or
displayed hit teeth, frowning, or contracting his
face, or looking sternly, austerely, or morosely ;

(M, K ;) as also <v*-j j — ^ '"f- n - jy~/ '• (§ '■) or
he did so excessively : (J el in lxxiv. 22:) or he
looked with intense dislike or hatred. (TA.)

2 : sec 1 ; lust sentence but one.

3. CjjJ^t, inf. n. ijJL*, \ She (a marc) desired
the stallion when the had only begun to feel the
excitement of lust. (AO.)

4. j~~i\ : sec 1, in three places. _ Also f He
dug in ground that had not been dug before.
(K.) = JjL-JI j~j\ The palm-trees had dates in
the state in which they are called j—> : (S, M :*)
or produced dates that did not ripen. (TA.)

5. j~~3 : see 1, in four places. It signifies also

t He sought for, or after, fresh water recently

• # j
produced by rain. (S. [Sec >— j.]) And f He

dugforplantt before they came forth: (M, TA:)

[or] UUi j— J has this meaning. (TA.) And

f He (a [wild] bull) came to the roots of dry

plants, and ate them. (K.)

Iff # JN

8. >-~/l : see 1, in seven places. = 4J9) >-wl

[Book I.

J Hit colour changed, (K, TA,) and became like

that of j-4 [or full-grown unripe dates]. (TA.)

••« t • t • *

j~V : see j-v '• = and see also _^-jU.

j-V Anything fresh, juicy, moist, not flaccid.
(IF, M, Msb,?!.) You say ]1^ oC A fresh
plant: (Msb:) or a plant that has risen from
the surface of the ground, but not grown tall;
because it is then fresh and juicy : (TA :) or
such is called Sj~j [fern, of j—j] ; as also what
is fresh, juicy, moist, or not flaccid, of the
plant called ^j+yf. (M.) A plant, or herbage,
when it first appears in the ground is termed
^>jV ; then, jt^f ; then, Sj~j ; then, ilv^> ;

and then, [when it is dry,] JLeJU.. (S.) Fresh

water, (S, M, K,) recently produced by rain;
(S, M ;) as also * j~i : (M :) or this latter signi-
fies cold, or cool, water: (K :) pi. of tho former
jt-V ; (S, K ;) liko as llij is pi. of JLIj. (S.)

_ t A young, or youthful, man, and woman :
(K, TA :) or young, or youthful, and fresh ; fem.
with S: (M, A :) applied, respectively, to a
man and a woman; (M;) or to a boy and a
girl. (A.) — And, with i, J The sun when it
has just, risen, (S, K, TA,) and is red, and not
yet clear. (A,*TA.) [Accord, to the A, this
meaning seems to be derived from that next
following.] — ^-v and ^ j—f (S, M, K) [the for-
mer, only, mentioned in the A and Msb &c., as
the latter is rare ; coll. gen. ns., signifying Full-
grown] unripe dates; dates before they liare

a J

become >^J»j ; (M,K;) dates that have become
coloured, but have not become ripe ; (TA ;) datet
that have begun to colour, i. e., to become red or
yellow ; (Msb in art. *-Xj ;) dates beginning to

ripen: (IAlh, TA in art. *J0:) so called because
fresh and juicy, and not flaccid : (M :) n. un.
ij-4 and Sj-j: (S, M, K :) pi. OI^-j (S) [or

• # 9 J | # I J t* # J

Cil/Mtf] and Otj--v: (M :) Sb snyg that lj^ [or

• * • »

ij~4 or each of these] has no broken pi. : but

* * J * *"

he allows ^|U**^ and Olr^» ns nujoniiiff <roo jor/.»

f»/"^-V and of j*J. (M.) [J says,] w in their

first stage arc termed «JLl» ; then, J^A- ; tlicn,

Lxi ; then, j-i ; tlicn, wJ>J ; then, ^i : (S :)

but this saying of J is not good: the original thereof
is termed «JJ> ; and when they have become organ-
ized and compact (jJuul lij ), they arc termed vW
or w)C-< [accord, to different copies of the KL] ;
and when they have become green and round,
Jtj,». and >lj-< and J^H»i. ; and when they have
become somewhat large, yt/ ; and when they

have become large, [or full-grown,] j— 4 ; then,
•j * j ••»** 1 jij %• e »

^li* «; then, C«y; then, w>yJJ; then, a ^

[in the CK ij,....,^.] ; then, !juu and »JU- and

<U)U. ; and when completely ripe, «^J»j and yu ;
then,^^. (K.) — [Hence,] oj-y signifies also
t The Aca<i, or extremity, of the penis of a dog.
(K, TA.) — And \A kind of bead; syn. Sj^L.

(£)

j-/: see>-/.

•"** /• * ••* .i 1

<>j— / fern, ot j_j as an epithet, and n. un. of

the same as a subst. : explained with the latter.
lf~^ n. un. ol j—i, a dial. var. of j-*/, q. v.

Book I.]

j_.ty and * j—t, the latter an inf. n. used as an
epithet, A face frowning; or contracted; or grin-
ning, or displaying the teeth, with a frowning, or
contraction, or a stern, an austere, or a morose,
look. (M.) [See 1, last sentence.] Ji-tyi •>*-»
iy*\f, in the Kur Ixxv. 24, means And faces on
that day shall be excessively frowning or con-
tracted, &c: (Jel:) or expressive of dislihe or
hatred, and contracted. (K.) [See also J-*V-]

j j~>V -A well-known disease ; (K ;) a swelling,
or tumour, wltich nature drives to every part
of the body, from a humour that comes from the
anus (SjJii*)t), and the testicles, and the edges
of the labia majora of the pudendum muliebre,
and other parts ; and when in the anus, attended
by a swelling of the veins; (Msb;) sing, of j-_.l^r;
(S, K ;) which signifies a certain disease that
arises in the anus (»jjuJ<)i [namely, the hemor-
rhoids, or piles, to which this term generally applies
when it is used absolutely,] and also in the inside
of the nose; (S;) what resembles boils in the
anus : (Mgh :) sometimes the ^ is changed into
y» : (Mgh, Ms!) :) and it is said that the word
is not Arabic. (Msb.)

see what next follows.

jw^» «*■»->, (M,K,) and » j~-**, without », ns
though a possessive epithet, (M,) A palm-tree
of which the dates do not ri]>en. (M,K.) [Sec
also 4.]

} y.< Affected by the disease termed jt-'^yi, pi.
ofj^V. (TA.)

i^U t A mare desiring the stallion (AO,K*)
when she has only begun to feel the excitement of
lust, (AO,) or before she is fully excited by lust

(K.) [See also )i(li.]

1. iLLi, (M, Msb, K,) aor ; * , (M, TA,) inf. n.
kl^ f (8, M, Msb,) contr. of 'oXi ; (M, TA ;) as
also tik^, (M,«TA,) inf. n. kj-Jj. (TA.) [As
such,] He spread it ; spread it out, or forth ;
expanded it ; extended it ; (S, Msb, K, B ;) as
also * *\-"..f : (K :) and he made it wide, or
ample : these are the primary significations ; and
sometimes both of them may be conceived ; and
sometimes, one of them: and the verb is also
used, metaphorically, as relating to anything
which cannot be conceived as composed or con-
structed : (B :) and **-oj is the same as U~j, (S,
and K ln art - *"*>) in a ^ itB meanings. (K.)
You say, ypl kl/ [He spread, spread out,
expanded, or unfolded, the garment, or piece of
cloth]. (Msb.) And ISti, iul* t [He stretched
forth, or extended, his leg]. (TA.) And kly
<utlji, and • {J^LL/, \He spread his fore arms
upon the ground; the doing of which [in pros-
trating oneself] in prayer is forbidden. (TA.)

And » Si iw (M, Msb, K) J He stretched forth,
or extended, his arm, or hand; (M, K;) as in

the saying •>»!$ *r-f-' ««J *«*!! \J\ "*-* 1 L^*
stretched forth, or extended, towards me his arm,
or fcind, wttA, i. c. to do to me, what I liked and

disliked] : (M, TA :*) or he stretched forth his

hand opened. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [v. 31],

^jiiui) JjJ ^J\ cJa-lJ O^J t [Assuredly if thou

stretch forth towards me thy hand to slay me].

(M, TA.) ju)1 klJ and <J&JI is sometimes used

to denote assaulting and smiting : [as in the last

of the exs. given above ; and] as in the words of

the Kur [lx. 2], > ^U-Jlj j^t^ j£t\ >>-*.}
• £
t^-JV l [And they will stretch forth towards you

their hands and their tongues with evil] ; (TA ;)
i. e., by slaying, (Bd, Jel,) and smiting, (Jel,)
and reviling. (Bd, Jel.) And sometimes to denote
giving liberally: (TA:) [as in]JU»SI ^».*i ^W
I He [stretched forth his hand, opened, or] was
liberal or bountiful or munificent [in expenditure] :
(Msb:) see *t~ft below. (TA.) And sometimes
to denote taking, or taking possession, or seizing :
as in the saying, (TA,) aJIc »jo C Js^mJ \ [His
hand was stretched forth agaitist him] ; i. e. he
was made to have dominion over him by absolute
force and power. (K, TA.) And sometimes to
denote seeking, or demanding : [as in <fui3 k_j

•UjJI .J t He expanded his two hands in suppli-
cation ; a common action, in which the two hands
are placed together like an open book upon a desk
before the face, in supplicating God :] see k-<b,

below. (TA.)__[And hence,] \Jy»\ *) C « *> ■■■ .»
t J displayed, or laid open, to him my state, or
case, or affair ; syn. »Ij1 jJJ-ji : (A in art. ^-ji :)
and ij-Ji [his state, &c.]. (TA in that art) —
[Hence also,] ju* iL-a-^l ^ f-hj^ * u -rt "^
SUaJI f [Ood diffuses the souls in the bodies at
the time of their being animated], (TA.) —
[Hence also,] ijjjM *DI lx— > f God multiplied, or
made abundant, and amplified, enlarged, or made
ample or plentiful, the means of subsistence. (Msb,
K.*) It is said in the Kur [ii. 24G], JxX &~j
b J« (Msb and TA in art. ^aJ, q. v.) And
you say, JjjJI ^ov^ J*—* 1 [■"* largely extended
to them equity, or justice] ; as also T rt l v" t >- (TA.)__
[Hence also,] ^^-oJo ^ «j~p k ...«. j ^*5>j l[SucA
a on« enlarges the liberty of his slaves; then
abridges their liberty]. (A in art. u°**-) •*—
[Hence also, Oyj^ ix—> t It unwrinlded, as
though it dilated, his countenance : seo 7. And
dlSs h.'.,> + /< dilated his heart : see remarks on
(_»i>-i and klj, as used by certain of the Soofces,
near the end of 1 in art. ^Ja^S. And] <iix_>, alone,
[signifies the same; or] \it rejoiced him; ren-
dered him joyous, or cheerful: (M, K, TA :)
because, when a man is rejoiced, his countenance
becomes unwrinkled (h... •'.>), and he becomes
changed [and cheerful] in [its] complexion : it is
wrongly said, by MF, to be not tropical : that it
is tropical is asserted by Z, in the A : MF also
says that it is not post-classical ; and in this he is
right : for it occurs in a saying of Mohammad :
thus in a trad, respecting Fatimeh, U ^U- . j
\V> ; ; What rejoices her rejoices me: (TA :)
[see also - r}, where this saying is cited according
to another relation :] "^^Jbu-/! [as signifying \ it
rejoiced me] is a mistake of the vulgar [obtaining

200

in the present day]. (TA.) __ [Hence also,] ^Jt
a\\ „;j jmM\^ *<»;«.» t [Wealth makes him close-
fisted, tenacious, or niggardly; and poverty
makes him open-handed, liberal, or generous].
(A in art. lAt*-) — [Hence also,] ^f$± £y» lo—v
J He rendered such a one free from shyness, or
aversion : (S, O, K, TA :) he emboldened him ;
incited him to [that kind of presumptuous bold-
ness which is termed] 8I>. (Har p. 165.) [In the

1 9 * f +-4

CK, O^* O* ^^ ^*~/ ' 8 erroneously put for

C/& i>« 0$ ^w-1 [Hence also,] M L-j

^V* U^jlj J God made, or judged, such a one to
excel me. (Z, Sgh, K, TA.)__ [Hence also,]

* • « J mm mm

>»yUI y^jb^oJI kj I The place was sufficiently
wide, or ample, for the people, or company of
men. (K,TA.) And jitulli Jm\^s I JuL J This is a
bed ample, (S, K,) or sufficiently wide for thee.
(A.) And u :kn.!j ^ lll^i J ^jj I He spread
for me a bed [not wide enough for me, or] that
was [too] narrow [for me], (ISk, S.)^_ [Hence

also,] jjmJt 1sl-j, (K,) aor. as above, (TA,) and
so the inf. n., (S, TA,) J He accepted, or admitted,

the excuse. (S, K,TA.) All these significations

of the verb arc ramifications of that first mentioned
above. (TA.)=kli, aor. '-, (M,K,) inf. n. aiCJ,
(M,) \He was, or became, free, or unconstrained,
(U....U,) Kith his tongue. (M, K.)

2 : sec 1, in four places.

3. oJxwl/, inf. n. Slnud.o and i>U_j, J [ZT« con-
verscd, or acted, with him without shyness, or
aversion ; boldly ; in a free and easy manner ; or
cheerfully] : (TA :) «« met him laughingly, or
smilingly, so as to show his teeth. (So accord, to
an expl. of the latter of the two inf. ns. in the TA.)

[See »jii\£s.] You say also, <ih,..ly> Ut»rt I[^c-
<ween M«m <r»o m conversation, or beliaviour, free
from shyness, or aversion; bold; free and easy;
or cheerful]. (TA.)

4 : sec 1, latter half.

5 : see 7. __ >^JI ,»» -U—J t i/e journeyed
far and wide in the countries. (S, TA.) _ p-j^

J S mmm w

JJ ^/fe went forth betaking himself to the
gardens and green fields : from J»U^ signifying
" land having sweet-smelling plants." (TA.)

7. k...;'»l quasi-pass, of <th...^ ; as also t *- X J
is of iUa ..... i ; both signifying Zt became spread or
spread out or forth, or t'< spread or spread out or
forth; it became expanded, or tV expanded, or t<
expanded itself; it became extended, or » f extended,
or i< extended itself: [tec.]. (M, K, TA.) You

say, u*)"^' t^j 1 * 'jj^' *— fil [^A* fAt'wp becamt
spread or spread out, tec, upon the ground], (S.)
And j^-JI k....>l t TAe oVz^ became advanced, the
sun being high : it became long : (M, K, TA :) and
in like manner one uses the verb in relation to
other things. (M, TA.)_[And hence, iHe ex-

it m 4

patiated. — And] <h*-j W .... W t [His countenance
became unwrinkled, as though dilated; i. e. it
became open, or cheerful; and so !■ , . ....> t alone;
or he became open, or cheerful, in countenance, as
is said in the KL.]. (TA.) [And k.. r il, alone,
file became dilated in heart; or he rejoiced ; or

26»

204

became joyous, or cheerful : see «ikly.]_[Hcnce
also,] W .... H I He le/t shyness, or aversion; he
became free therefrom : (S, TA :) he was, or
became, bold, forward, presumptuous, or arro-
gant : (KL, PS :) he became emboldened, and
incited to [that hind of presumptuous boldness
which is termed] £\'». (Har p. 155.) And k-JI
*eJt t [lie was open, or unreserved, to him in
conversation: and he acted towards him, or be-
haved to him, without shyness or aversion; or
with boldness, forwardness, presumptuousness, or
arrogance: and he applied himself to it (namely,
nn affair,) with boldness, forwardness, presump-
tuousness, or arrogance.] (TA.)

k-y, as signifying A certain intoxicating thing,
[a preparation of hemp,] is post-classical. (TA.)

k—v : \ see U t ...,>, in seven places

TFwftA, or ampleness; syn. **-. : (S.Sgh,
Msb:) and length, or height: (Sgh:) pi. kll^:
(Sgh:) anil increase : or redundance, or excess:
(TA:) and, (M, 5,) as also *lkl,', (5,) exceZ-
lence; (M, 5 ;) in science and in body: (M:) or
in science, expatiution, or dilatation : (5 :) or
profit to oneself and others : (TA :) and in body,
height, or tallness; and perfection, or complete-
ness. (50 It is said in the Kur [ii. 24], otj*
.*-"*»".}>•**" L5* ** i ' [-^ w <f Aa<A increased him
in excellence, ice., in respect of science, or know-
ledge, and body] : (M, TA :) Zcyd Ibn-'Alee here

read Tiklv- (TA.) [An arm's length.] See

k-b. _ rtlv .,» 5lj-ol A woman beautiful and
*fc«A «h ftody .- and in like manner, i~k a gazelle
that is so. (M.)

<Lk..y : see ilk j, in two places.

f* • « • i /

ilk—/ ,jit J A wide and /ar<7« ear. (M, K,

TA.)

t Jmmmt A seller of k_v [or carpets, Sec] : pi.

- J '•< •

^^Jx-j. (TA, but only the pi. is there mentioned

and explained.)

sec

ie-y.

kl-^ Land (^jt) expanded and even; as also
t iU— ^ : ( M , K :) and wide, or spacious ; (AO,
S, K ;) as also T kl— ,>, (Fr, K,) in his explanation
of which Fr adds, in which nothing is obtained;
(TA;) and tLj-i; (5 ;) and tik^: (AO,
K:) and in like manner, a place; (S, TA;) as
also tiW; (TA;) and t i^' : (S, TA :) and
land in which are sweet-smelling plants : (TA :)
or V 2 ir. ■ j is a subst., (IDrd, M,) as some say,
(M,) and signifies the ear<A. (IDrd, M, Msb, 50
You say, **-» * 1»W i«» i^"-* t [ W« <""« in an
ample and a plentiful state]. (TA.) And Uj
it_j W U« ;U)I »1«0 [ l ' le ' ast word thus, without
any vowel-sign to the ^j,] ^Between us and the
water is a long mile. (TA.) [See also £uA».]
And 0$ J^ tiki-jit ,ji* ^ 5T»«r« u'no<

upon the earth the like of such a one. (TA.)

And * ikl-v (j* ^*i, a dim., imperfectly dccl.,

He (a man, TA) went away in the earth, or

land. (A, O, L, K.) — Also A great cooking-pot.

(Sgh, 50
« *
kL^ A fAiny that is spread or spread out or

forth/ (S, M, K,B;) wliatever it be; a subst.

applied thereto : (B:) [and particularly a carjwt;

which is meant by its being said to be] a certain

thing well known; the word being of the measure

JU» in the sense of the measure JysuJ», like

_>U£> in the sense of w>*i£«, and ^Ui in the
sense of ^ijjjU, &c. : (Msb :) pi. [of mult.] Ja_~>
(M, Msb, 5) and klj and [of pauc] HU...>\.
(TA.) _ Sec also kw ; near the middle of the
paragraph. _Al»uv ^^k) (^>JI is a phrase mean-
ing t7/e hastened to cut short his sjicech. (Har
p. 280.) = Also The leaves of the tree called j+L
that fall upon a garment, or piece of cloth, spread
for them, the tree being beaten. (M, K.) = See
also l»l~>, in three places.

k .,,, ,1 , and A k j ... t i : sec A»L_ >, in six places. _

»jljw» > Kj~ . , ' w>«iiJI »*j 27ie rain /cW spreading
widely upon the earth, continuously, or consecu-
tively. (TA.) — J-* (Jl iuw 0**i' t [<SW/t a one

w <a/Z of body]. (S, TA.) te.^) I k--; \ A man

(M) having the countenance [unwrinkled, or]
bright with joy: (M,K, TA:) pi. LL$. (M,K.*)
— jjjj^Jt b .....i J A man large, or extensive, in
beneficence; (M, TA;) liberal, bountiful: (K,
TA:) pi. k^: (M,^:) [and so] cUI L^,
(S,) [and] ^Ul t k-£. (TAO AndtLl^JJJ,

(S, K,) like k >>J» in the sense of ,j&a>k«, and
uLk* in the sense of o>ki«, (TA,) and * k„,j,

(Z, K,) like Jil and LLL, (Z,) and (Z, 5) by

contraction, (Z,) ♦ iu-;, (Z, K,) and t sLyL?*,
(TA,) I .ffw nana* u liberal; syn. iiiki, (S, 5,
TA,) and ^^JLk ; (TA;) or he is large in expendi-
ture. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [v. GO], .L
"ljUIo ^w-o »l jli ; (TA ;) and accord, to one read-

• n i>> * O^W > (S, 5 an( ^ accor d- to another,
with damm, [as though it were ♦ ,jlk«^,] (Z, 5i
TA,) [but it is said that] in this case it is used as
an inf. n., [and therefore t ^Uvl;, for an inf. n. is
applied as an epithet to a dual and a pi. subst.
without alteration,] like Cfijii- and o'>^D > or >
accord, to some, it is most probably [*,jlk~j,]
like u^»*-j > find Talhah Ibn-Musarrif read
l^jieCi : (TA :) the meaning is, t Nay, his
hands are liberal, or bountiful; the phrase being
a simile ; for in this case there is no hand, nor
any stretching forth. (TA.) And it is said in a

trad., w>y^ i<^ ;V -i_T~" ^ O t -^ a -r' <^1 '-"^

j^Wv>4' J£ J^»i :,!rHi »PV» (K,* TA,)

or, accord, to one relation, t^jlk-j, (TA,) mean-

ing J God w liberal in forgiveness <o Me evil-doer

of the day-time until he repent [in the night, and

to the evil-doer of the night-time until lie repent

* a t it*
in the day] : for a king is said to be j^\ ' by •.*

[Book I.

when he is { liberal in his gifts by command and
by sign, although he gives nothing thereof with
his hand, nor stretches it forth with them at all.
(Sgh, TA.) — k-_-> also signifies ^UJUI * h, „«,;.«,
(Lth,) or 4JLJL; L . lU , (M, 5,) f [Free, or
unconstrained, in tongue, or with his tongue,]
applied to a man : (M :) fcm. with 5. (K.)—
k ....JI is also the name of A certain kind of metre
of verse; (S, M/K;) namely, the third; the
measure of which consists of \jitM ,jJUiI_-o eight
[a mistake for four] times : (K :) so called because
of the extension of its vW->'» commencing with a
*,■•*-> immediately followed by another y. ; ..<, as
is said by Aboo-Is-hak. (M.)__[kj_j is also
used in philosophy as signifying t Simple; un-
compounded.]

A k .„>i, on an epithet; and as a subst. : see kl_j,
in four places. __ [In philosophy, t A simple
element : pi. kjll/.]

ik—j ^ ^jk^ : sec klw.

k-rb act. part. n. of k_>. __ It is said in the
Kur [vi. 03], ^jl.1 Ijkwb,' a£5^U)lj, meaning
t 7 , /ie anjrcis being made to liave dominion over
them by absolute force ami power. (K,* TA.)
And again, in the Kur [xiii. 15], <ui£> kwL£a
a\i AXJ jU*JI ^Jl J X//<c ^/ic siipplicator of water,

making a sign to it [with his two hands], in
order that it may [reach his mouth, and so]
answer his prayer ; (K>* TA ;) or, but it will
not answer his prayer. (0,TA.)^kwUI fGod,
who amplifies, or enlarges, or makes ample or
plentiful, the means of subsistence, to whomsoever
He will, (K,TA,) by his liberality and his mercy:
(TA :) or who diffuses (k.'.jj) the soul* in the
bodies at tlie time of [their] being animated.
(TA.) — L-li !U J Water that is distant from
the herbage, or pasturage, (M, K, TA,) but less
so tlian what is termed v .JLk«. (M, TA.) And
kwb. ^.r+a* fA difficult [journey of the kind
termed] ^-^i. [i. e. of five days, whereof the
second and third and fourth are without water] ;
syn. Je$y (Sgh, 5.) And ik-W U» (ISk,S,

M,K [in the CK, erroneously, *«•*]) t [A stage
of a journey, or march or journey from one halt-
ing-place to anotlier,] that is far, or distant,
(ISk, S,) or long : (TA :) or in which are two

nights to the water. (M, 50 You say, lij_»

# - * * - ■ , ~*

ikwb i-ic + [We journeyed a stage, &c.,] t/iat

was far, or distant, or long. (ISk, S,* TA.)__

ikwO <Ulj ie&j, [in the CK ik_/b <UU),] and

ikwb isli, as a prefixed n. with its complement
imperfectly decl., as though they made it detcr-
minatc, i. 17. "ik«-^j <UI5 [A nwk measuring, or
0/ <Ae aep<A 0/, a man's, stature and an arm's
length]. (0, 50 AZ s^ £k-W i«^ J^Jll^.
7%e wian dug to the depth of his stature and his
arm's length. (L, TA.)

Width, or extent ; syn. «— SU : (5 :) as
in tlie phrase k„ ...<)! v^O* «*^ [A region wide
in extent]. (TA.) [See also ikJLj.]

Book I.]

j

O 1

< , ii, j j

and ajft^. ,,.,.« »jy, and »lju

UJay ■« : see ,

iUI Li., ; ;« : and ^jUJJI J» ■ :« : see W - v-

1. Jri-J1 JUy, (aor. *, Mfb,) inf. n. J>~v,
The palm-trees were, or became, tall, (JK, S,
Mfb, K,) and full-grown : (JK :) or exceedingly
<<i/Z. (Msb.) —^^Ji* JUy, (inf. n. as above,
TA,) J He overcame them, excelled them, or wo*
superior to them ; (JK, 8, K ;) namely, his com-
panions : (8 :) he surpassed them in excellence.
(TA.) And j$ikmf i He became exalted above
them in fame, or renown. (TA, from a trad.)
_ «*!» ^yj t >-j f He was, or became, skilled
in his science, knowing its abstrusities and niceties,
or having learned the whole of it. (Mfb.) as
j^i, (JK,?, &c.,) [aor. t ,] inf. n. J-J, (?,
TA,) or JU^, (Mfb,) [but see the latter below,]

t. q. J^i (JK,S,*Msb,K) and j# (TA) [He
spat] : but some, as on the authority of Kh, dis-
allow it, saying that it has no other signification -
than that of excessive tallness, as in the case of
a palm-tree: (Mfb :) or the second of these verbs
is the most chaste; the first and last being of

' * a "'
weak authority, or rare. (TA.) s=s u . + ' . 1 1 CJ I ■ j

##« * * * *

i. q. c-j>j [and Cijj, i. c. The sun rose]. (TA.)

2. t£e Jlj ^', (JK, K,) inf. n. Js-2, (K,)

J Be not thou prolix, or tedious, to us ; syn.

J^U3 % (JK,K, TA,) or J>L : <), (TA,) boUi

of which signify the same. (TK.) [&-f and

v ^— J arc syn. ; or] J»— *> signifies -)■ The 6«fn//

• if »
prolix, or tedious, (J^Ja3,) and heavy, or sluggish.

(TA.)

4. ■" r ;' SAe (a camel) exrerned the first
milk, or biestings, into her udder, before bringing
forth: (As, S, K :) or */*« (a ewp, JK, or a
camel, Yz,T) excerned the milk (Y7.,JK,T) a
month before bringing forth, (JK, T,) so that
it oored, or flowed ; or, as is sometimes the case,
when she was not pregnant. (T.) Also She (a
girl being a Jii [which means a virgin, and also
one that has not yet brought forth, and one that
has brought forth but once,]) had milk in her
breast: so, says Az, I have heard. (TA.)_
She (a ewe) had a long udder. (TA.)_And
She (a ewe) was, or became, pregnant. (Bd
in 1. 10.)

6 : see 2.

istrnf — J~rf

long udder : ( JK, K :) or t. q. %
a ewe. (JK.)

, applied to

(^G [act. part. n. of 1]. iiwb UuJ A tall
palm-tree : [or an exceedingly tall palm-tree; see
1 :] pi. CjUwU and Jm^- (Msb.) The former
of these pis. occurs in the Kur 1. 10, meaning
tall: (S,Bd,TA:) or bearing fruit; from C i .. y l
said of a ewe, as signifying "she was, or be-
came, pregnant;" so that it is an instance of
a part. n. of the measure J*U from a verb of
the measure Jjt*l : accord, to one reading, it is
OViLob, because of the J. (Bd.) The latter of
the pis. also signifies The first portions of clouds :
(AHn, TA :) [app. the portions that first appear
above the horizon :] or what are elongated of the
heads, or summits, (pjj*,) of a cloud : and hence,
of [the plant called] o'^*- 5 ' [° r chamomile].
(TA.) And.ii-.Li signifies A cloud of a clear
white colour [as being always very high in the

sky]. (Sgh, K.*) J^U-^I J-W t Endowed

with elevated, or noble, natural dispositions or
mental qualities. (Ham p. 369.) = A sweet
yellow fruit. (Sgh,K.) [Golius appears to have
found Sj^j in the place of 3j-o-5.]

Jm« A she-camel exceming the first milk, or
biestings, into her udder before bringing forth :
(Af , S, K : [see 4 :] and see also Jy-i :) pi.
J~-tU. (S, K.) And A girl that is a Ji> [see 4]
having milk flowing into her breast. (TA.)

Jjl— y<t : see ij) — j.

Jw

A [stony tract such as is termed] Sjm*. :
[or one that is somewhat elevated; as also Uuo^:]
pi. JW. (K.)

Jl—j t. q. JUaj [Spittle, or saliva, when it has
gone forth from the mouth : or saliva that flows ;
see £\jf : see also 1]. (S, K.) [i»l— j is app. its
n. un. And hence,] —j^ii\ ajL_j iSfrone q/" a
clear wAiVe colour, that glistens; as also with
uo. (TA.)

J^-v and t JU-L*, both applied to a ewe,
(JK, K,) and to a she-camel, (TA,) Having a

1. J-»# (inf. n. of J— ^, M) is The act of ;>re-
venting, hindering, withholding, debarring, for-
! bidding, or prohibiting; syn. iLU ; the primary
meaning; (Bd in vi. C9;) and JU~tl (M,K)
and ^-^. ; (AA, K ;) [both syn. with £i« ;]
and * JL-/1 [inf. n. of 4, q. v. infra,] signifies
the same. (Bd ubi supra.) You say, ^>* ^j***-/
Jj>-U-, inf. n. as above, He prevented me from
accomplishing my want ; syn. L5 JLa-el. (M.) =
J^, (M,K,) aor. -', (M,) inf. n. J^, He (a
man, TA) frowned, contracted his face, or looked
sternly or austerely or morosely; or, tlotw? w,
grinned, or displayed his teeth ; or contracted
the part between his eyes ; ((^«-* ;) by reason of
courage, or o/" anffcr ; as also * J-~J : (M, K :)
and [so in the M, but in the K "or"] * jJlj
<V*-.J> (M, and so in some copies of the K,) or
t J«lj [alone], (so in other copies of the K, and
in the TA,) His face, or he, was, or became,
odious, and excessively foul or unseemly or hideous,
in aspect : (M, K :) and ^ * J-lji' JJe (a man)
was displeasing, or odious, in aspect to me. (TA.)

And [hence], (M, K,) inf. n. JylJ, (TA,)

said of milk, and of j*~i [or must &c], \ It was,
or became, strong : (K : [in the CK, J-l^ is here
erroneously put forj-j; and aXw^> which should
next follow, is omitted :]) or, said of the former,
it was, or became, displeasing, or odious, in taste,
and sour; and, said of the latter, it was, or

205

became, strong, and sour. (M, TA.) Also, said
of vinegar, -\It, having been left long, became
altered, or corrupted, in Jlavovr. (Az in art.
Jwi*-, TA.) And, said of flesh-meat, t It stank,
or became stinking. (AHn, M, TA.) an J—/,
[aor. '-,] inf. n. 3i£i (S, M, Mfb,K) and JUy',
[respecting which latter see what follows in the
next sentence,] (M, K,) He was, or became, cou-
rageous, or strong-hearted, on the occasion of war,
or fight : (8, M, Mfb, K :) from ^U^ meaning
" forbidden," or " prohibited ;" because he who
has this quality defends himself from his antago-
nist, as though it were forbidden to him [the
latter] to do him a displeasing, or an evil, deed.
(Ham p. 13.) El-Hoteiah says,

VW Mi} O' ^ u[ -*

[And sweeter than fresh-gathered dates, and in
them, is courageousness of soul, if covrageousness
thereof be desired] : but ^\—> may be here altered
by curtailment from VJl-/. (M.) You say, U

<OUi t y t f\ [How manifest is] his courage! (TA.)
__ Sec also 4.

2. *JUv, (M,K,) inf. n. ^--J, (K,) He made
it (a thing) to be an object of dislike, disapproba-
tion, or hatred; syn. «*!=>: (M :) or he disliked

90 '

it, disapproved of it, or hated it; syn. **j£>. (K.)

3. iLu [inf. n. of J-b] The act of assaulting,
or assailing, in war. (S, PS.)

4. jCjl [inf. n. of J-wl] i. q. J—/ as explained
in the first sentence of this art. ; i. e., The act of
preventing, hindering, withholding, debarring,
(Bd in vi. 69,] forbidding, or prohibiting. (S,
K, and Bd ubi supra.) am ^~/\ (inf. n. as above,
TA) He pledged, or gave in pledge, him, or it,
(M, Mfb, K,) Iji) [and \SfL>, as will be shown
below, both meaning for such a thing] : and he
gave in exchange, or as an equivalent, him, or it,
I JjO [and app. IJ^ also, as above, for such a
thing] ; syn. <U>j£- : (M,K:) and he gave him up,
delivered him, delivered him over, or consigned
him, to destruction, (8, K>) or to punishment.
(Az, TA.) 'Owf Ibn-El-Ahwaf says,

[And my giving in pledge, or as an equivalent, or
giving up to destruction, my sons, not for a crime
that we have committed, nor for blood that has
been shed by us] : (S, M, TA :) for he had given
his sons in pledge for others, seeking peace, or
reconciliation. (S,TA.) c ■■■.■■ *'» W c*^ J-"*' 0'»
in the Kur [vi. 69], means Lest a soul should
be given up, or delivered, &c, (AO, S, Bd, Jel,
TA,) to destruction, (Bd, Jel, TA,) or to punish-
ment, (Az.TA,) for that which it hath done, (Az,
Bd, Jel, TA,) of evil : (Bd :) or be given in

pledge. (Bd, TA.) And W '^1 OiW ^J
IjyJfc, in the same [ubi supra], means, in like
manner, Those who are given up, or delivered,
&c, (to punishment, Bd,) for their sins : (El-
Hasan, Bd, # TA :) or, who are given in pledge :
(Mfb, TA:) or are destroyed: or, as Mujahid
says, are disgraced, or put to shame, by the

206

exposure of their tint : or, as Katddch says, are
imprisoned. (T A.) _ sX^ai aJL^I and *i^jj He
leji him to hit work, not interfering with him

therein, (M,K.) o>JU LH J-yl, (M, K,)

as also tj-^-t [alone]', (M,K, and Ham p. 201),
and tjJ-J, and ^J— *> [which last may be either
ij**/ W Jwi or perhaps it is a mistranscription
for J — A,] (Ham ihid.,) He dixpotcd and sub-
jected hit mind, or himself, to death, (M, K,
Ham,) and felt certain, or sure, of it : (Ham,
TA :) and in like manner, ^>j^ii i to heating,
i. e., to being beaten] : (TA :) and O^JJ *J-wl
He submitted himself to death i (TA :) and ♦ J— JL,t
He threw himself into war, or battle, or fight,
desiring to slay or be slain, (S, K,) inevitably.
(§.) ™« aX_ / U 7/bro courageous, or strong-
hearted, it he, on the occasion of war, or fight!
(TA.)

5. J-~3 ZT« affected courage, or strength of
heart, on the occasion of war, or fight ; embol-
dened himtelf; or became like, a lion in boldness.
(TA.) _ Sec 4. = See also 1, in four places.

• ' *

8. 0^«AJ J-~ Jl : sec 4.

10 : sec 4, in two places.

I**

Jl-^ [an inf. n. (sec 1) used as an epithet;]

Forbidden; prohibited; unlawful: (S, M,K:)
and allowed; ptrmitted ; lawful: (A A, IAar,
M, K:) thus having two contr. significations:
(AA, K :) used alike as sing, and pi. and masc.
and fern, [because originally an inf. n.]. (M, K.)
You say, £±* J-y IjJk This is forbidden, pro-
hibited, or unlawful, to thee. (Bd in vi. GO.) And
»>-/ j£) ij»i My blood is, or shall be, allowed,
permitted, or lawful, to you. (M.)oasSce also
C )-'V> >» two places.

J— i : sec J-A/.

(a jL-^ [more commonly written in the present
day 3J — >} A certain kind of grain like tke lupine
(w*P)» or less than this; [the pea termed by
Linntcus pisum arvense :] a word of the dial, of
Egypt (TA.)

Jj— 1> : see Jl-Vj m two places.

^W : sco )}—\(, in tlirec places.

JUL.,, inf. n. of J—*, q. v. (S, M, &c.") Also

[•• 7- J>Wi >nf. n. of J-y, q. v. ; meaning] A
frowning, contracting the face, or looking sternly
or austerely or morosely ; or </otm/ «) nj/tA grin-
ning, or displaying the teeth ; or contracting tke
part between the eyes ; by reason of courage, or
of anger. (Ham p. 14.) — And Dislike, disap-
probation, displeasure, or hatred. (Ham ibid.)

J-iK/ Courageous, or strong-hearted, on the
occasion of war, or fight; (S, M, Msb, K ;) be-
cause he who is so defends himself from his
antagonist ; (Ham p. 13, and Bd in vi. 60 ;) as
also *Jw (Msb) and*J^ : (Ham ubi supra :)
pi. of the first jl^ (§, M, K) and ?&. (M, K.)
.— Frowning, contracting the face, or looking
sternly or autterely or morosely; or doing so
with grinning, or displaying the teeth; or con-

J-i — ^-i
trading the part between the eyes ; by reason of
courage, or of anger; (M, K;) as also *Jw,
(M, TA,) in the £ *J_^', but this is incorrect,
(TA,) and * J^ j (M, K :) and J-b *jj^
frowning, &c, much, or vehemently ; applied to
the face : (TA :) and tjlj (IAar, K) and ♦ J--J
(IAar.S, K) displeasing, or odious, (IAar, S, K,)

in fare, (IAar.S,) or aspect. (K.) The //on;

(M, K ;) because of his displeasing, or odious,
aspect ; (M ;) or because his prey docs not escape
from him ; (Bd in vi. 60;) as also *jJS (TA)
and "J „ ,. i . r .«. (K.) __ Applied to a saying, Hard,
or severe, and displeasing, or odious. (M, K.)_
Applied to milk, and to j*J [or must &c]
I Strong : (K :) or, applied to the former, dis-
pleasing, or odious, in taste, and sour; and applied
to the latter, strong and sour. (M, TA.) And,
applied to vinegar, + Altered, or corrupted, in
flavour, from having been left long; as also

T J—!-»- (Az in art. J.i»., TA.) Applied to a

day, f Distressing, afflictive, or calamitous. (M,
TA.)

• -.-, > sec J-«Vi

Disposing and subjecting one's mind,
or oneself, to death, or to being beaten : (S : [sec
also its verb :]) or, as some say, falling into a
displeasing, an odious, or an evil, case, from
which there is no escape. (TA.)

l.^o— j : sec 5, with which it is syn._[IIcnce,]
J^ill ^ 0-^ "i > U 1 1 did not taste the thing.
(¥, TA.)

5. jr- J ; and ^^^—il ; and ^^,-j, aor. ; , inf. n.
J£ (S, M, Msb, 1^) and JUU ; (K,» TA ;) [7/e
smiled;] these verbs signify less than JW<A [so
that they arc pro|>crly explained by the Latin
*«ir»*i<] : (S, Msb :) or Ac opened his lips like
him who displays to another his teeth : (Ltli, TA :)
or he laughed in the least degree and in tke most
beautiful manner : (M, K :) or he laughed a
little without any sound : (Msb:) or j -" is the
beginning of M m - 6 [or laughter] : (Towshceh,
and Nesccm cr-Riyad, in TA art. -JU.^>, q. v. :)
accord, to Zj, it is the utmost degree of laughing

of the prophets. (M.) [Hence,] «_jUJj1 ♦ <r -il

j£» O*, (M,) or XI^ ^»lj, (TA,) i. q. <l± JiJ\
[i. e. I The clouds displayed a faint flashing of

lightning]. (M, TA.) And iiljl ^Lz \Thc

extremities of the »JU» [i. c. the spadix, or the
spathe, of the palm-tree,] burst asunder. (TA.)

8 : see 5, in two places.

Jll; (S, M, K) and *JuU (S, K) epithets
from ^-,1, (M, K,) applied to a man, (S, M,)
meaning ^^-lill j^ss [That smiles much]. (S.)

TA.)

j\f part. n. of ^-^ [meaning Smiling]. (K,

*. J. jtu, (S, JK1,) meaning The front

[Book I.

fce<A : (TK :) [and sometimes, perhaps, tho
moaM:] so called as being the [dace " f ^ ;"M
[or smiling: pi. -<r -C»]. (TA.) One savs, [of

women or girls,] ^-LJI ^ ,jm [They are white
in the front teeth].' (T A.)

>» l i.i» o : sec >>l — j.

Q. 1. JC, (T, S, &c.,) inf. n. iUlJ, (S,
M?b,) lie said, (S, Msb.K, KL.) or wrote, (f,
Msb,) a&I^o-v [/«, or wirA, Me wnwe of God I
recite, or read, or I begin, ice.] : (T,S, M ? b, K,
KL:) or ^»J)I ^)U».y 1 aDI^j-j [/«, or wiVA,
<//c fldwc (</" ^((f/, ^//c Compassionate, the Mer-
ciful] : (KL :) a verb of the kind termed O^LU,
i. c. compounded of two [or more] words ; like
Jjk»». and Ji^. and J-li- &c. : (MhI), TA :)
said by sonic to be post-elassical, tint heard from
the chaste Arabs; but nutlioriznd by many of tho
leading lexicologists, as ISk and Mtr; and occur-
ring in the poetry of 'Omar lbn-Abee-Kabeeah
[who is said to have been born in the year of tho
Plight S3], (TA.)

Discourse, (TA,) or amorous behaviour,
and coquettish boldness, (Msb,) accompanied by
tke saying aDI^,— j: (Msb, TA :) occurring in a
verso of 'Omar Ibn-Abcc-Kabcc'ah [referred to
above]. (TA.)

4. (>—#!, said of a man, lie was, or became
good, or beautiful, in respect of kit z_~ ■ [i. e.
natural dispositioti], accord, to the copies of the
K, but correctly, as explained by IAar, hit 'r
[i. e. aspect, or colour, ic.c.]. (TA.)

* -- ... • - -

,j—^ an imitative sequent to ^>-»- : (S, M, K :)

[or it may signify Beautiful in aspect Sec, from
the verb above ; or the verb may be from this
word :] or, in the opinion of Aboo-'Alee El-Kalee,
originally ^j, inf. n., used in the sense of the
pass. part, n., of < y_$~i\ ^^j, meaning " he mois-
tened, or stirred about, the Jy^- with clarified
butter, or with olive-oil, to complete, or perfect,
its goodness;" one of the two ,_^s being sup-
pressed, and ^ being added ; so that it means
complete, or perfect. (MF. [But this derivation
soems to be extremely far-fetched.])

1. jj-j, first pens. ^., ' , % >, aor. Ju>, (S, K,)
and, accord, to a relation of a verse of Hu-beh,
j^j, so that perhaps C - n . t . j was also 6aid, (TA,)
inf. n. XL'JLf (S, A, K) and JS (A, K) and, '

(TA,) He was, or became, ckecrful in coun-
tenance. (S, A, K.) You say, <y ..-.**, J / was,
or became, cheerful in countenance [by reason of
meeting] n-ith him : (S :) or */ JL,., (TK,) inf. n.

^-l (Ltli, K) and iiLl,>, (K,) signifies he rejoiced
in him, or was pleased with him, namely, a friend,
(Lth.K,) at meeting: (Lth :) or he showed joy,
or pleasure, at meeting him. (TK.) You say

Book I.]

also, jj ▼ c ^^. ! 3 x^JU [app. meaning / met htm
and lie became cheerful in countenance by reason
of meeting with me] ; originally " ^i-i» ', the
middle yl being changed into ^i (Yaakoob, S:)
or 4y ♦ > /.r* ; " signifies he was, or became, sociable,
or companionable, or cheerful, with him; and
held loving communion ivith him : syn. 4— jl, and
JtLol^ : (K :) but when said of God, it means
I He regarded him with favour, and honoured
him, (lAmb, K,) and received him graciously,
and drew him near to Him. (IAnib.) _ Also
i J^, (TK,) inf. n. J^ (IDrd.K) and iiUJ,
(K,) He presented a favourable aspect to him ;
or met him kindly, namely, his brother ; syn.
aJLa J-51 : (K :) he behaved laughingly towards
him ; without shytiess, or aversion ; or boldly ; or
in a free and easy manner; or cheerfully; syn.
4» JU », (II)rd,K,) and kljl. (IDrd.)

And aitljl ,j» Jj J&, (TK,) inf. n. J^ (IAar,

A,K) and iwlL, (A,K,) He was courteous, or
gracious, to him in ashing. (IAar, A, K.) _ .

O ■ A -

And ^ ^ ,j£j t 7/e ^awe me [something good].
(A.TA.)'

4. (^oj^I C~lj>1 J 7%c /nwrf Aa<£ tangled, or
luxuriant, plants, or herbage : (Ah, K :) or ;>ro-
<ii(c<(/ itsjirst plants, or herbage. (K.)

S : see 1.

It. Q. 2 : sec 1, in two places.

2- 2- • - -
L £^ ^^Jk ^Jjj-j -^ man [brisk, lively, or sprightly;

or joyful; and] cheerful in countenance; pleasant

[therein] ; (S, TA ;) as also *JidJ. (TA.) [Sec

also art. ^A*.]

J-^-j The /"«<•<?, or countenance. (Ibn-'Abbad,
K-) Vou say, u , % .,. t .JI '^5-0-0 u^* A'kcA a one is
bright in countenance. (Ibn-'Abbad.)

« s. S-

^Uj : sec ^J~>.

i.t

^^1 [ J/orc, and most, cheerful in countenance].

A it A.I / t$* -

You say, ^j»"iUv *i» u-v' *-^'j •"• [■* UN wo<
seen any one more cheerful in countenance than
he to the meeter]. (A.)

1. 'j±4, aor. ' , (S, Msb,) inf. n. jA> ; (?, Msb,
^;) and ty^l, (A,) inf. n. ^1; (K ;) He
pared (S, A, M^b, K) a hide, (S, A, Msb,) re-
moving its "t>j~>, (S,) or face, or surface, (A,
Msb,) or the skin upon which the hair grew:
(TA :) or, as some say, removing its inner part

with a large knife : or, accord, to Ibn-Buzurj,

, i i • . .
some of the Arabs say, jgifty O^iv, aor. - ,

* * »» *

meaning J removed from the hide its iji~i ; and
nt. tf , < »»-

▼ ajwI as meaning J exposed to view its iJL>

that was next to the flesh; and <*i«jt I exposed

to view its &ol upon which the hair grew. (TA.)

[But sec i»jl.] — Hence the saying in a trad.,

• , t.t* "•••£ * * f • *

-JLs (jlyUI vr-fc-l v>*> accord, to him who

recites it thus, with damm to the ^ ; meaning
t Whoso loveth the Kur-dn, let him make himself
light of flesh, [by not eating more tlian will be

sufficient, and so prepare himself] for [reading,
or reciting,] it, [like as one prepares a horse for
running,] because eating much causes one to for-
get it. (TA.) Hence also, Jij^\ j^t, (TA,)

inf. n. as above, (S, K,) t H (a swarm of locusts)
stripped the ground; (TA ;) ate what was upon
the ground, (S, K,) i.e., upon its surface; as
though the exterior of the ground were its fj—j.

(TA.) And 'jilt, aor. '- , (TA,) inf. n. as above,

(K,) He clipped his mustache much, so that tlie
iJLi (i. c. the exterior of the skin, TA) became
apparent. (K, TA.) This the Muslim is com-
mnnded to do. (TA.) — ^j— *. <io-y O*^* \^J~*
Such a one met me with a cheerful countenance.
(S.) Sec also 2, in two places. ___ And see 3. =
jLf, aor. - ; (IAar, S, Msb, K ;) and J^>, aor. 7 >
(IAar, K,) inf n. j^i and jyi-t; (TA ;) and
t^ijl, [which is the mo6t common, though cxtr.
in respect of analog}', as being quasi-pass, of j!L>,
likc^a-a-t and ? — »~\ and ^ejz\ and %£3\ and
V A1 and ^yl, (mentioned by MF in art. -~..a-

as the only other instances of the kind,) and
-JU.I, (added in the TA in art. JU.,)] (S,A,

Mgh.K,) inf-mjlijl; (S;) and t>^Wj (S,

A, Msb, K ;) and *>i-3 ; (A ;) [originally, He

became changed in his SjJL> (or complexion) by

the annunciation of an event : seea^w: and hence,]

Ac rejoiced, or became rejoiced ; (IAar, S, A,

Msb, K ;) \j£f [at, or by, suck a thing ; or at,

or %, /Ac annunciation of such a thing]. (IAar,

i t . *tt .i
S, K.*) You say, <*-> Oji; j^t (^^1 -4» affair

happened to me whereat I rejoiced, or whereby

I became rejoiced. (S.) And i^y+f ' 'j^l ife

rejoiced [at the annunciation of a new-born child],

(S.) And ^-si-/ *^^l Rejoice thou [at the an-

* * *
nunciation of a good event]. (S, K.) And in the

same sense * tjj-i->l is used in the Kur xli. 30.

(?.)

2. oj-lv, (S, A, Msb, &c.,) the form used by
the Arabs in general, (Msb,) inf. n. j-y-.,j ; (S,
Msb, K,&c. ;) and * Vjl^t, aor. '- , (S, Mgh,Msb,)
of the dial, of Tihdmeh and the adjacent parts,
(Msb,) inf. n. *jl^ and )£ (S, K) and ^,
(TA,) or this last is a simple subst. ; (Msb;)
andt^i; (S,A,Mgh,K;) m&tlfZ&A; (K,
TA ;) are syn. ; (S, K, &c. ;) originally signi-
fying He announced to him an event which pro-
duced a change in his 5^-i-> [or complexion] : and
hence, (El-Fakhr Er-Rdzce,) Ae announced to
him an event which rejoiced him : (A, El-Fakhr
Er-Razee :) so in common acceptation [when not
restricted by an adjunct that denotes its having
a different meaning : see ^Jj^f, and an ex. below
in this paragraph] : (El-Fakhr Er- Razee :) or Ae
rejoiced him [by an annunciation] : (Msb :) and
lie announced to him an event which grieved him :
[or he grieved him by an annunciation :] both
these significations are proper. (El-Fakhr Er-
Razce.) You say, j-OJl* »jJ^ [generally meaning
He rejoiced him by the annunciation of the
event] ; and */ * *r~t, aor. and inf. ns. as above ;
&c. (TA.) And i^y^t aj^j [I rejoiced him by
the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And it

207

■ ' ' tJtm,

is said in the Kur [iii. 20, &c. ] , j^\ >_^IJju j^ji-i
[Grieve thou them by the annunciation, or denun-
ciation, of a painful punishment]. (8.) You say
also, of a she-camel, ,-UJJ V Opv, meaning f She

made it known that she had begun to be pregnant.
(TA. [See also 4.])

3. sfcl^W, (K, &c.,) inf. n. Sji£ (S, Mgh,
TA) and jll^, (TA,) He was, or became, in con-
tact with the woman, skin to skin : (TA :) Ae
enjoyed [contact with] her skin : (Msb :) A«
became in contact with her, skin to skin, both
being within one garment or piece of cloth : (K :)
Ac lay with her, [skin to skin ; or t'n the sense of]
inivit earn : (S, K :) i. q. \^>i, both ~ji)\ ^

and <L> U-jU.: (TA:) [and so ♦ Up, 1 , inf. n.

jJij ; for] j-L> and i^U are syn. [in the sense
of congressus venereus, as is shown by an ex. in
the S.]. (S, K.) Jle*Ji\ t^ I [Enjoyment at-
tended him ; as though it clave to his skin]. (A.)
— C>A" £jj 'j^W*. or i > e 5 e ll £)j, is a meta-
phorical expression, [app. meaning I And they
felt the joy and happiness that arise from cer-
tainty,] occurring in a trad, of 'Alec. (TA.) _

'^h\j^t, (S,A,&c.,) inf. n. *>*,£, (S.) I He
superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair
himself, or in his own person: (S, K,TA:) or
I lie was present, himself, at the affair : (A,TA :)
or, [properly,] he managed, or conducted, the

* * *

affair with his »j^t, i. e., his own hand : (Mgh,*
Msb :) and hence a later application of the verb
in the sense of Ja*-*^ t [He regarded, or attended
to, the thing, or affair, &c.]. (Msb.)

4. j-tji : sec 1, first sentence, in two places. —

* ' * ' **'

[Hence,] Ay^-j j^JI jJL{\ The affair made his

countenance beautiful and bright : in the K we
read, °j-aJj <*.'• ^j*fyj-$\ but this is a mistake.

(TA.) Agreeably with this explanation, AA ren-

&* t i
ders a reading in the Kur [xlii. 22], icJJI ■iiii
i**j\*t»ti * »

oiUt *&t jm^i, meaning That is it with tvAicA

God will make beautiful and bright the faces of
Am servants : so in the L. (TA.) — Sec also 2.

_ [Hence,] i»UI «l»j-t^t f The she-camel con-
ceived, or became pregnant : (K :) as though she
rejoiced [her owner] by announcing her concep-
tion. (TA. [See 2, last sentence.])... And oA>t

itt '

uojty I The earth put forth its herbage appearing

upon its surface. (S, K.) = Sec also 1, latter
part, in four places.

5 : see , latter part.

6. j>yX>\ j2X£ The people, or company of men,
announced, one to another, a joyful event, or joy-
ful events. (S.) And jS)\ iU j* Jyj^U^ >»
They rejoice one another by the annunciation of
that event. (TA.)

10. j±r*\ : sec 1, latter part. = »j.y I He
demanded of him a reward for an annunciation
of joyful tidings. (M.) .^ See also 2.

jlj: see {JjZj It is also a contraction of

j^i, which is pi. of jyL/ (TA) or * Jt ly. (TA in
art. jJii.)

ji-t Cheerfulness, or openness and pleasantness,

206

of countenance : (Mgh, Msb, K,* TA :) and hap-
piness, jog, or gladness. (Har p. 192.) You say,
j—sJI O—^ V* -"* »•» cheerful, or op«« and pfea-
*«»r, in countenance. (S.)

jJ^: «ce 5jJ>. [Flence,] jijl f Mankind :

(8, Msb, K:) nml /Ac human being: (Msb, K:)
applied to the male untl to the female ; and used
alike as sing, and pi, (Msb, K, TA) and dual:
(TA :) so that you suy, jZ^ ^ He is a human
being, and j-iy ^j* She it a human being, and
r~t V» They (more than two) are human beings,
km j^/ U* 77<«y two ore human beings: (TA :)
but sometimes it has the dual form; (Msb, K;)
?■» in the Kur xxiii. 49; (Msb,TA;) though the
A mb* may have used the dual form in the sense
of the sing.: (MP:) anil sometimes it has a pi.,
namely, jliyl. (K.) This is a secondary applica-
tion of the word : (Msb :) i. e., this signification
is tropical ; or, as some say, the word is so much
used in this sense as to be, so used, conventionally
regarded as proper; the sense not depending upon
its having another word connccled with it: but
in the S and K, and by the generality of authors,
this signification is given as proper. (MF.) Some
say that a human being is thus called because his
J^iy is bare of hair and of wool. (MF.) [Hence,]
/— Jl ^1 [The father of mankind; meaning]
Adam. (K.)

JJiy(Lth,S,M,A,Mgh,Msb) and t|£J f (S,
K,) or the latter is pi. of tho former, (Msb, K,)
[or rather a coll. gen. n., of which the former is
the n. un.,] like aIaS and ^J=3, (Msb,) and Jlijl
is pi. of j±i, (K,) [The external shin ; the cuticle,
or scarf-skin ; the epidermis ;] the exterior of the
skin (8, A, Mgh, Msb, K) of a human being ;
(§, A, K ;) and, as some say, of other creatures,
(K>) such as the serpent; but this is generally
disallowed : (TA :) or h^y signifies tho exterior
of the skin of the head, in which grows the hair ;
ns also iol and Jl^i : (Aboo-Safwan :) or the
upper shin (Lth, M) of the head (M) and of the
face and body of a human being; (Lth, M;) that
upon which the hair grows: (M:) or, as some
say, that which is next the flesh. (M.) It is said

'" V p r? v '' 5^*" >*-i>^' *&* M : see^il.
— tj—j sometimes means The complexion, or
hue: and fineness, or delicacy. (TA.) wmm'lJL^
yoj*i)l I The herbage appearing upon the surface
of the earth. (S, A, K.) You say, K^^^jLLS U
J Horn goodly is its herbage appearing upon its
surface ! (S, A.) And \£ [alone] signifies \ Le-
guminous plants; herbs, or herbage. (TA.)

ipirf is used also as signifying +A man's hand.
(Msb.) [See 3, last sentence.]
* • j
CfcrW (im|>eifectly decl., because it terminates

with a fern, alif which is inseparable from it, S)
and *»jUy and t «,liy [but respecting this last
see ijiL, below] ($,Msl.,K) and *)ij (Msb)
are substs. from ojlj (8, Msb, K) [originally
signifying An annunciation which produces a
change in the IjL* (or complexion) of the person
to whom it is made : and hence, a joyful annun-
ciation ; joyful, or glad, tidings ; good news] :

J*-* :

and t^eAUJ [q. v. infra] signifies the same as
{Jj2>i : (S, K. :) ? JjLIj, when used absolutely,
relates only to good ; (S, Msb ;) not to evil unless
when expressly restricted thereto by an adjunct:
[see 2:] (S:) its pi. is 1>\\\L, and '&L. (A.)
L$Lr-* W j ' n Uie Kur [xii. 19, accord, to one read-
ing, (otherwise, as Bd mentions, i^\j^>, or ^Jj^t,
which is a dial. var. of the same, or^^ij, which,
as some say, was the name of a man,) meaning
my joyful annunciation, or joyful tidings, or
good news!], is like i^Lat : and in the dual you
say, ^jw k- (?•) You say also, *OtjUJI wo^UJ
and ^5UJ1 [The joyful annunciations followed con-
secutively]. (A.) Sec another ex. voce j^

See also Sj'A 1 -

\.LSf~1 Human ; of, or belonging to, or relating
to, mankind or a human being.]

jli^ t The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest
sort, of mankind, or of people. (IAar, K.)

sec what next follows, in three places.

t. q. *'jl^, (S, Mgh, K,) [and so * ) i L i ,
as will be seen by an ex. in what follows,] One
who announces to a people [or person] an event,
either good or evil; (TA ;) but meaning the
former oftcner than the latter : (Msb :) [an an-
nouncer of a joyful event, or joyful events: one
who rejoices another, or others, by an annuncia-
tion :] pi. j££/ (A) and *£, (TA in art. j±i,)
or this is pi. of » jyi-i. (TA in the present art.)
It is said in the Kur [to. 55], jJJi ^JjT^ij
IrW ^Wj", and \jZ*, and * tj'jl-i, and \J^ ;
[accord, to different readings, meaning fAnd He
it is who sendeth t/ie winds announcing coming
rain;] in which ^ is pi. of IjyLf, [syn. with
jt~i and j^o, but both masc. and fern.,] (TA,)
or of jtLf, (Bd,) or of l*Xf ; (TA in art. JLi ;)
and \j^i is a contraction of the same ; and i_c>i->
is syn. with IJJLi ; and 1^ is the inf. n. of tjl^
in the sense of »j^. (TA. [But the reading
commonly followed in this passage is lJu, with
O : another reading is \j2i : another, I^L» : and
another, IpJ.]) And t£»££^)l, (A,) or Ol^i
Z^J**' (?») signifies J Winds tluit announce
[coming] rain : (S, A :) so in the Kur xxx. 45.
(TA.) = Also Goodly; beautiful; elegant in
form or features ; (S, K ;) applied to a man, and
to a face: (TA:) fern, with S; (S,K;) applied
to a woman, and to a she-camel ; (S ;) and mean-
ing, when applied to a she-camel, neither ema-
ciated nor fat : or, accord, to Alwo-IIilal, neitlier
of generous nor of ignoble breed: or, as some say,
half-fattened: (TA :) pi. of the fem. J3liJ : (S:)
and ▼ »j>1~> signifies beautiful in make and
colour; (lAar,K;) applied to a girl. (IAar.)

ijUy Goodliness; beauty; elegance of form or
features. (S,K,TA.)

[Book T.

*j^* > P 1 - Oljliv and y\l^ : see ^'ji*, in three
places ; and see also j~>U3. __ Also A gift to him
who announces a joyful event ; and so *»Jliv : (K,*
TA :) or the latter, which is like the ill^t of the
J^U, has this signification; (IAth;) and so^ji^;
(M ;) and Sjli^ [has the same meaning accord, to com-
mon usage, but, properly,] is a subst. in the sense

explained above, voce ic'J^. (IAth.) You sav,
*' * »i *», •« **" ' • '

»jW u?y "^" cl I gave him my garment as a

reward for the joyful annunciation. (TA from a
trad.)

1 » J ' at , j

**? >~f' >* He is more goodly or beautiful,
more elegant in form or features, and more fat,
than he. (K.)

, in the handwriting of J ^J, [and so in
my copies of the S,] a word of which there is not
the like except in the instances of bid [or £*3],
a certain bird, and jly ^plj [ or jiy ?] and ^tj
jSJu [or JJU3] and ^iJ ^>|j [ or ^Lj],

(TA,) A certain bird, called the IjjtiLo : (S, K:)
n. un. with i. (K.)

>~iU, as though it were pi. of ';*£, inf. n. of
fmt i (Aj) a word which has not its like except
in the instances of y,-^^ and Z j«-l»5 and Ltli5

*»Uv Wluit is pared off from the face of a
hide : what is pared off from its back is called

• • #* ^

j^UJ. (Lh.) = See also ijLL/ : _ _ and sec
' » /

[and jt^>lJ and -_.jU3, and probably a few others] ;

(TA;) I [Annunciations ; foretokens ; foretellers ;
fores/towers; prognostics; earnests; of what is
good :] the beginnings of anything : (S, K :) the
first of blossoms &c. : (TA :) the beginnings, (S,
K,) or first annunciations, (A,) of daybreak;
(S, A, K ;) as also * jjli^ : (TA :) it has no verb :
(S :) and [is said to have] no sin-'. : but in a trad.

to

of Kl-Hajjaj, j~iyj occurs as meaning f the com-
mencement of n\n. (TA.) One says, JjU-o 4«*
it .'*' •.•' * '

tjfmAfj aiyi I [In him are vulications of right

conduct, or belief, and its earnests]. (A.) See

also ijjLi \Streaks of the light of daybreak

in the night. (TA.) — f Strea/cs that are seen
upon the surface of the ground, caused by the
winds. (Lth, K.*) — t The colours of palm-trees
when their fruit begins to ripen ; (K ;) as also
^-feU. (TA.) ___ + Such as bear fruit early, or

before others, of palm-trees. (K.) t Marks of

gulls upon the side of a beast. (K.)

• * > 9*01 • j .

-*>** J*V I A perfect man ; as though he
combined the softness of the <Ujl [or inner skin]
with the roughness of the h£f [or outer skin] :
(S :) or a man who combines softness, or gentle-
ness, and strength, with knowledge of affairs:
(As :) and Sjl+* i*>y> Sl^l j a woman perfect
in every respect. (TA.) [Sec also art. j» I.]

j-i-*o and Ol^l^o : see j-^-j.

%* 4 »* § *

*J>~»* : see jt^-tt last sentence.

in

ji>{~» j»~»- [so in two copies of the S
Golius's Lex. «pCo :] A mare [so I render
which Golius renders " vulva,"] desiring the stal-
lion. (S.) [See also l^-Ci, witli ^.]

Book I.]

fir*

1. 'gL,, blot. S (KL.TA,) inf. n. L^ (S,KL)
and £^, (KL,) said of a thing, (S,) or of food,
(?i TA,) It was, or became, disagreeable in taste,
and choking: (S:) or disagreeable, or unpleasant,

having in it dryness and bitterness. (K,TA.)

j4>» £**, (KL,"TA,) aor. -, (K,) inf. n. £**

(§t £) an <l **l^V, (KL,) The man mas, or became,
disagreeable in the odour of the mouth, (S,»KL,)
from eating food disagreeable in taste, and
choking ; (S ;) not removing the remains of food
from between his teeth, nor cleaning tlicm with the
tooth-stick. (KL.) You say, slo ^L/ [lie was, or

became, disagreeable in the odour of the mouth
from it] ; meaning, from eating food such as
is described above. (S.) [Or this phrase in the
S may have another meaning, which see in what
follows.] — And [hence,] J The man was, or
became, evil in his disposition, and in his social
intercourse. (Msb.) You say also, 1*1^ aiLL ^

J In his disposition is evilness. (TA.) »1J also

signifies, in relation to wood, I The abounding in
knots. (TA.) — Also The fauces' being strait-
ened, or choked, by coarse, or rough, food. (TA.)
[And AU £i^ means He experienced a straitened
state, or choking, of the fauces from it; namely
"coarse, or rough, food ; or food disagreeable in taste,
and choking : sec 4 : and see another meaning of
this phrase above.]—. And [hence,] *±S, [or '*£{

•UW,] aor. - , lit (a. valley) was, or became,
choked, surcharged, or overfilled, with the water.
($.) And tr'UV £~f lit [a place] was, or
became, choked, or overfilled, with men, or the
people. (Z, TA.) ___ fHcnce also,] j*^ i^,
(KL,) inf. n. ££,' and LlL}, (TA,) J He was
unable to do, or accomplish, the thing, or affair.
(S,TA.)«;^ '^t, and ^ '^, inf. n. ££J,
2T« wi2wZ (Ac f/itn<7 in a violent and an abomi-
nable manner. (L, TA.)

4. >U£jt |> > ; »„* .^l TVie /ood caused me to ex-
perience a straitened state, or choking, of the
fauces, (^i-JI ^jic ^ i^m.,) by reason of its
coarseness, or roughness. (IAar.) [See 1.]

10. dJUm S rt l i. q. \jl^i ejkc [jffe reckoned it
disagreeable in taste, and choking; or disagree-
able, or unpleasant, as having in it dryness and
bitterness]', (S, Msb,K;) namely, a thing. (S.)
— And [hence,] lji> jtL* ^ ^UJI £^1
I JZie reckoned unpleasant, or uncomfortable, the
remaining in such a place of abode; syn. '*'- V , V I.
(TA.)= cUL^-l also signifies T/tc ftei'n^ Jad,
unpleasant, or disapproved. (KL.)

£i^ A thing disagreeable in taste, and choking;
or " »e~^ has this signification : (so accord, to
different copies of the S :) or both, applied to
food, have the same signification : (TA :) or the
former signifies also disagreeable, or unpleasant,
food, having in it dryness and bitterness; (Lth,
Z, K;) like the taste of the myrobalan: (TA:)
or food rough, or coarse, and disagreeable in
taste : or dry food, in which is no seasoning, or
Bk. I.

£*4 — W*

condiment : (TA :) or rough, or coarse ; applied
to food ; (Nh ;) and bo t applied to clothing ;
(IAar,Nh;) and tto speech, or language; (Nh;)
and * »e^ applied to speech, or language, signi-
fies \rough, or coarse, and disagreeable. (IAar.)
— Applied to a man, (S, TA,) as is also ♦ *^,
in the same sense, (TA, [but in what sense is
not there said,]) it signifies Disagreeable in the
odour of the mouth, (Msb,* KL,) who does not
remove the remains of food from between his
teeth, nor clean them with the tooth-stick ; (EL ;)
fern, with 5 : (TA :) and one who has eaten a
thing such as is thus termed, (S, KL, TA,) and not
swallowed it easily, (TA,) and has become dis-
agreeable in the odour of the mouth from it, or
lias experienced a straitened state, or choking, of
the fauces from it. (S,TA: [the last words of
the explanation being <u Jtl«».]) — Also J One
whose soul is heavy, or heaving, or agitated by a

tendency to vomit. (ISh, EL, TA.) And X Evil

in disposition, (EL, TA,) and in social intercourse.
(TA.) You say also, J&Jt ii^ ^4 X He is evil

indisposition. (TA.) Also, (K,TA,) or «J^

jia^oi\, (Msb,) J Foul, or ugly, in aspect; (Msb,

EL ;) not pleasing to the eyes. (TA.) Also,

(K,) or 4^)1 £j~i, (ISh, Msb,) X Having a frown-
ing, a contracted, a stern, an austere, or a morose,
countenance. (ISh, Msb, EL.) _ jstmf */i X A
piece of wood abounding in knots. (EL, TA.)

*friv : sec ««!/, in three places.

1. <jl£j, aor. - ; and JZj, aor. - ; He struck,
smote, or beat , another with a staff or stick. (Na-
wadir el-Aarab, EL.) = He looked sfiarply, or
intently : (Ibn-'Abbad, KL :) inf. n. j&J, (JK.)
= Also the former verb, He hastened, or was
quick; as also JL£J. (IDrd, TA.) = And the
former, [but the aor. is not mentioned,] He cut
a garment, or piece of cloth, in a light, or prompt,
manner; as also AL/. (TA.)s=And ,jXg, inf. n.
ijyi~l, lie took, or seized. (Msb.)

JU->^Jii A sliarp, or an intent, look. (JK.)

oi<l (JK, M ? b,K) and JilJ, (Msb, Es-Su-
yootee, TA,) the latter being allowable accord, to
some for the sake of conformity to the usual
Arabic measure, as in ^JU. and Jj\) and s^lb and

the like; (Msb;) perhaps derived from JUy
meaning the "looking sharply," or "intently;"
(JK;) or from J^ meaning "he took," or
" seized ;" (Msb ;) or it is arabicized, (Msb, K,)
from [the Persian] ail^ ; (KL ;) A certain bird ;
(KL;) [the musket, or sparrow-hawk; falconisus;]
a bird of beautiful form, the smallest of birds of
prey, tliat preys upon sparrows and oilier birds
of tlieir size: (Kzw :) it is of the birds called
j)^> [pi. of jSLo,] as are also the j_^jV and the
^jtkXi, and the Jjj and the £»£. : (AHat in "the
Book of Birds," TA :) pi. Ji£. (Ms b.)

» » . •»-

1. jr-t, aor. - , inf. n. ^^, He (a man, S, TA,

or an animal, Msb) suffered, or became affected

809

with, indigestion, (8, Msb,KL,) in consequence of
much eating : (Msb :) or he was lieavy in con-
sequence of food : (9am p. 363 :) or he became
distressed, or oppressed, by eating much food.
(TA.) You say, >>UkJI ^ cL»*j J suffered
indigestion from the food : (S :) or was heavy in
consequence of the food. (Ham ubi supra.) And
J^i\ >t>jL i£L ly Je-UJI ^ The young
camel suffered indigestion from drinking much
milk. (S.) Accord, to IDrd, ^^ specially relates
to beasts : accord, to Kh, it specially arises from
greasy food.- (Har p. 164.) — Also :2Ze became
affected with disgust, aversion, loathing, or nausea.
(S, ?, TA.) You say, ^ulll ^ ±^, (§,) or
voUJaJI ,je., (TA,) X I turned away with disgust
from the food; was averse from it ; loathed it ;
nauseated it. (S,TA.) And ^lii ^ J ^ fol^j
f[The young camel turned away with disgust
from the milk; was averse from it; tec.]. (KL
in art. %5>.)

4. Ao_L.I It (food) caused him to suffer, or
be affected with, indigestion : (S, KL, - TA :) or
t loathing, or nausea. (KL.)

• -

^*~i part. n. of 1, meaning Suffering, or affected

with, indigestion. (Msb.) _ [And + Affected with
disgust, aversion, loathing, or nausea.]

j>£l [The tree of the balsam of Mekkeh ;
amyris opobalsamum; mentioned by Forekal in
his Flora Aegypt Arab. p. ex. as growing in the
middle mountainous region of £1- Yemen, and
described by him in p. 79 of the same work ; in
both places as being called in Arabic >U* y/\,
which is a mistake for>U^;] a certain odoriferous
kind of tree, (§, KL,) of sweet taste, (TA,) the
leaves of which, (AHn,KL,) pounded, and mixed
with »L*Jt [or the leaves of the Lawsonia inermis],
(AHn,) blacken the hair; (AHn,KL;) it is a kind
of tree having a stem and branches, and small leaves,
but larger tlian the leaves of the [species of marjo-
ram called] jZsuo, and having no fruit ; [but
only, as Forskal states, a blackish seed, which is
abortive;] when its leaf or its branch is cut, it
pours forth a white milk; (AHn, TA ;) and its
twigs are used for cleaning the teetk : (S, KL :)
n. un. with S. (TA.) In a trad., mention is
made of persons having no food but the leaves of
the>L^. (TA.)

* *'

Ch~~>, with fet-h, and then sukoon, and then

kesr, I. q. ji^j [i. e. JjSmi and ji^O or ji££,
the nymphcea lotus, or white lotus: and the
nymphcea ceerulea, or blue lotus : see art jJ^Ly] :
a word of the dial, of Egypt. (TA.)

u*t

1. ^o/, aor. ^jo^, inf. n. ,>^«# (S, A, KL) and

<>v, (TA,) It (a thing, S, as, for instance, a
grain of a pomegranate, TA) shone, or glistened.

(?»■*•> ^-)— ^ i>»*i 5* [H* looks at me] is
an expression used by the vulgar [in the present
day], and is from aUstaJt signifying " the eye."
(TA.) [By rule it should be ,>w'.]

27

210

3. *** y »>a-iv -ff« wife a sign with his sword,
waving it, or moving it about [so that it shone,
or glistened]. (TA.)

R. Q. 1. Ja^t, (S, K,) or «& JcL^i, (M,)
inf. n. LxJu, (TA,) He (a dog, S, M, K, and a
beast of prey, and a gazelle, and a camel when
urged on by the driver's singing, TA) wagged, or
moved about, his tail ; (S, K ;) which a dog does
by reason of cupidity, or fear; (TA ;) as also
♦ _r« ; -n ; ' • (§:) or he (a dog) struck with his
tail. (ISd.) The inf. n. My** has a pi., namely,
sjo^Ai ; as in the following ex. :

<U^ *>-vl lit J±

+ •* ** * St*

[Until, when they see him and know him, they
greet him with waggings of the tails]. (TA.) It
is said in a prov., respecting the flight and sub-
missiveness of the coward,

o i * j a t * • *

•• * ** ■

[They wagged the tails when they were urged on
by the driver's singing], (An.)^j^\ «.., o ; <■<. »
(tfjt The camels performed quickly their night-
journey to water. (K.) [See ^jol*^.]

R. Q. 2. Jtv-lls : see R. Q. 1.

[yjoj, and jU ^aj, Live coals; because they
shine, or glisten : n. un. with i : so in the present
day; but probably only post-classical : or, accord.

to the TA, in art y&t, the word i*v >s used by
the vulgar, for Sj-oy-]

9 A *

yjo\<Ai [Shining, or glistening : or rather, mm-

j ' A *•

ing, or glistening, much], — [Hence,] ioLoJI
2%« «ye : (8, A, K :) an epithet in which the
quality of a subst. predominates : (TA :) said to
be so called (TA) because it shines, or glistens.
(K, TA.) __ [And hence ^otaj is applied in the
present day to An officer employed as an inspector
by a police-magistrate.]

9 A *

ijtcv a name of [The month afterwards called]

j*sj\ jLft\ : the former was its name in the Time

of Icmorance : thus it is written accord, to the

Jm : for it was called, or was also called, Cj^ii

, t , * - 1 *

and ,jLev^ : (see art. ,>»*.} or O^S* •»

OWj : (see art. ,>aj :)] the author of the K
mentions it in art. k >ey ; [where it is said to be
also written ^U>i, i. e., without tcshdeed;] but
this is its proper place, for it is from ^^-aJI
[inf. n. of JkJ]. (TA.)

J»Cli vJ 5 , ( T » K >) or v°&* v—*; (?,)

A laborious, (T, S, K,) fatiguing, (T,) night-
journey to water, (T, K,) or journey in which
the second and third and fourth days are without
water ; in which is no flagging : (S :) [as also
\\ 'et-r ] — l _r°^t- a ^ _*zi A. vehemently-hot day.
(TA.)

>-V
1. 'j^i, [aor. -' ,] (Sb, M, K,) and j-oj, [aor. - ,]
(Lh, K,) inf. n. j*bj and ajLeu and ijloy, (M, K,)

* 99 • *

[He saw; i.e.] he became seeing ; syn. \j-a~t jle;

(Sb, M, K ;) with «_> prefixed to the noun fol-
lowing. (K.) But sec 4, in four places. j*oj is
seldom used to signify the sense of bight unless to
this meaning is conjoined that of mental percep-
tion. (B.)__ [Hence,] j-oj, [and j~oj,] inf. n.
ojLov [and j-oj], He was, or became, endowed
with mental perception ; or belief, or Jinn belief;
or knowledge, understanding, intelligence, or skill.
(S,« M, TA.) And <y. '^, (S, Msb, B,) and
ju j-aj, and sometimes »^v and «_^v, but more

9* ' * <i * •

chastely with «_» "'^ n - [»j'- su an ''] /-°^5 (M? u >)
and Taj-cut; (B ;) 7/e perceived it mentally;
(B ;) /(« knew it [or understood it]. (S, Msb.)
<o Ijj-cuj ^o) Uj ^>j^i, in the Kur [xx. 00],
means I knew that which they knew not. (S.) =
C^rih 'j^t, aor. -', (T,K,) inf. n. _)JJ, (S, M,
K,) He put the two hides together, and sewed
them, like as the two edges of a garment, or piece
of cloth, are sewed, one being put upon the other;
which [mode of sewing] is contrary to, or different
from, that in which a garment, or piece of cloth,
is sewed before it is sewed the second time : (S :)
or he put together the two edges of the two hides,
when they were being sewed, (M, K,) like as a
garment, or piece of cloth, is screed. (M.)

2. j-oj He (a whelp) opened his eyes. (M, K.)
= 'oJL>, (S, K,) inf. n. *,-<£> ; (TA;) or ♦ '»j^u\ ;
(accord, to some copies of the K ; [see j . **- .*, as
confirmatory of the latter ; but both seem to be
coiTCCt ;]) It [or he] made him [or caused him]
to see, or to have sight : or to have mental per-
ccption, or knowledge, or skill: syn. \j~oj oXko~.
(S, K.)_ . And the former, (K,) inf. n. as above,
(S, K,) He made kirn to know. (S, K.) You say,
<u <Uf«aj, (A, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (Msb,) 1
made him to know it; acquainted him with it.

* of 1 *

(A, Msb.) And j^l »^-«v, inf. n. as above and
tj-r"}, lie made him to understand the affair, or
ease. (M.)_ Also He rendered it apparent, or
plainly apparent, conspicuous, manifest, or evident.
(S, K.) =s>oU ju C^-oj, said of the feathers of an
arrow, They were besmeared 5j~oJ\j, l. c. with
blood : (S :) or were strengthened and fastened
with glue. (M.) = Also ^04, inf. n. j *+t3 ; (S,
]£;) and tj-o^l ; (£;) He went, (S,) or came,
(M, K,) to the city of El-Basrah (»j-ljl). (S,
M,K.)

3. »j~oW He looked with him at a thing, trying
which of them two would see it before the other.
(M.) And Ij-oC They two looked, trying which
of them would see first. (K.) — He elevated
himself, or rose up, or stood up, so as to be higher
than the surrounding objects, (o^it,) looking at
him, or towards him, from afar. (S.) — See
also 4.

4. »j-c*l, (Lh, S, M, A, &c.,) inf. n. jUul,
(Msb,) He saw him, or it, (Lh, S, A, Mgh,
Msb,) ij4*i\ ±t)}i by the sight of the eye; (Msb;)

as also 4j tj-oJ : (A :) or he looked (M, K) at,
or towards, him, or it, (M,) trying whether ke
could see him, or it; (M, K;) as also aj ^^-oj,
inf. d.j*ai and »jUo^ and »j(-«v; (M;) and <u '•'^^aj;

[Book I-

(Lh, M;) and * «j-a-j ; (M, K ;) and t^^;
(M :) or, accord, to Sb, ^ [is used when no
object of sight is mentioned, and] signifies he
[saw, or] became seeing : and oj-ayt is said when
one mentions that upon which his eye has fallen.

A # • »t

(M.) You say also, .Jl j-ojI Zoo/i /Aou a< »i(? :
or turn thy face towards me. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA.)

ft •<- • M

__ See also 1. =a And sec 2. 3= ?~ a ~'^i "V J-^'.

in the Kur [xviii. 25], means < « .p ,<l Uj «^oyt U
( Jcl) I 7/ow c/car »* 4/i */^f/i< / and how clear his
hearing! the pronoun relnting to God; (Bd,
Jcl ;) and thus used, the phrase is tropical ; i. e.,
nothing escapes his sight and hearing. (Jcl.)

And j-ojI^ ^^yj A*->l, in the same [xix. 39],

means >e A^ojl Uj _ /Vr »^.,<\ U (S in art. **->, and
Jel) How clearly shall they hear! and how
clearly shall they see ! (S, Bd, Jel :) or the
meaning is, do thou make them to hear, and
make them to see, the threats of that day which is
afterwards mentioned, and what shall befall them
therein. (Bd.) =j-ajt also signifies He relin-
quished infidelity, and adopted the true belief.
(IAar.) = Scc also 10. ^= He hung upon the
door of his dwelling a !^a>, i. c. an oblong piece
of cotton or other cloth. (TA.)^Scc also 2,
last sentence.

5. A^cbJ He looked at it ; namely, a thing : or

looked long at it: or glanced lightly at it: like

Aioj : (TA :) or he sought, or endeavoured, to see

** " •* .

it: (Mgh:) or i.q. »j~a/l, in a sense explained

>*j 05"
above ; see 4. (M.) You say also, li^j ^ j-aJ

[Consider thou, or examine thou, for me, such a

one, that thou mayest obtain a clear knowledge of

* -

him]. (TA.) And ;._£ .j j-a-J He considered

a thing, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge

of it; he looked into it, considered it, examined

it, or studied it, repeatedly, until he knew it : ke

sought, or sought leisurely, or repeatedly, after

the knowledge of it, until he knew it. (S,* K,*

i. ...

TA.) And ajIj jj» ><a-J signifies the same as

(us ♦ j<\.7.A, i. c. He sought, or endeavoured, to'

see, or discover, what would happen to him, of

good and evil. (M.)

6. t^oUi They satv one another. (M, K.)
__ [j*aLo also signifies He feigned himself
seeing, either ocularly or mentally ; contr. of
J&.]

10. j n," il [He sought, or endeavoured, to see,
or to perceive mentally]. You say, j-s 1 .n.T il

4jjj: sec 5, last sentence. _ He had, or was
endowed with, [mental perception, or] knowledge,
(Msb,) [or understanding, intelligence, or skill:
as in the phrase,] '^yi ^ j ^-T— '^ [He had a
mental perception, or knowledge, &e., of, or Ml

0- J

relation to, a thing]. (S.) [Sec j <\ . ~; ... « .] = /<
(a road, TA) was, or became, plain, clear, manifest,
or conspicuous; (K,* TA ;) as also *j«a;l. (A.)

0' r f O '

**oj : sec S

, in four places : and sec »j>e^.

The thickness of anything; (M;) as of the
heaven, (TA,) or of each heaven [of the seven
heavens], (S, A, TA,) and of the earth, [or of
each of the seven earths,] and of the skin of a

Book I.]

man, (T A,) and of a garment, or piece of cloth.
(A.) You say jJxJI j^e*. «_>y A thick garment
or piece of cloth. (M.) j~o, formed by trans-
position, signifies the same. (S in art. j--o.) —
A tide: (S, M,K:) tlie ed^e of anything: (S,
K :) formed by transposition from >-»• (M.)
= Cotton: (K:) whence »j~oj signifying "an
oblong piece of cotton cloth." (T A.) = See also
•r-ay.
j-a^ : see »j-oj, in five places.

j^i The *en.t* of right, (Lth, S,) or of the eye :
(M, K :) or the light whereby the organ [of right]
(4a.jlaJt) perceives the things seen (OtjuijJI) :
(Msb :) pi. jUjl. (M, Msb, K.) [Hence,] s£i
j-aJI TA« prayer of sunset : or, as some say, 0/
daybreak : because performed when the darkness
becomes mixed witli the light : (TA :) or because
performed when the stars are seen : also called
jukUJI i~§~o : (TA in art. jl^ :) or because per-
formed at a time when the eyes see corporeal
forms, after the intervention of darkness, or before
it. (JM.) And I^-oj aJU He met him when eyes
saw one another: or at the beginning of darkness,
when there remained enough light for objects ' to
be distinguished thereby : [accord, to some,] the
noun is used [in the sense which it here bears]
only as an adv. n. [of time]. (M.) And ^/ a^Ij
Uj^&jij t^ij^l %+-> 1 1 saw him tn a vacant tract
of land, or of the earth, wltere nothing but it
heard or saw me. (A.) [See also /«-►■*, in two
places.] _ See also «j~oy, first sentence, in four
places. _ Also The eye ; [and so • »j-o\* ;] syn.
£y&. ; but of the masc. gender : (TA :) pi. as
above : (Kur ii. 6, &c. :) but the sing, is also
used in a pi. sense [like *♦-]. (TA in art. £••*•)
See two exs. voce ijt^i-

i^aj Soft stones ; (A A, M, Msb ;) t. q. ^1 jJs ;
(A A, M;) as also 1j*af (M, Msb) and *><v;
or, accord, to Zj, this last is not allowable: (Msb:)
or soft stones in which is whiteness : (K :) or in
which is some whiteness: (TA:) or soft stones

** *
inclining to white; as also "j-oj, with kesr if

without I : (S :) [i. e. whitish soft stones :] or soft
white stone; as also * j^i (M) and Vj-o/ : (TA :)
or glistening stones ; as also " j-oy : (Fr :) pi. jUoj :
(M:) and rugged ground: (!£:) or rfone* o/
rugged ground; (TA;) as also * j-oj and T j-o^
and * j-cv : (Kz, TA :) or these three words,
without S, signify tAtcA, or rough, or rugged,
stone : (K :) or the same three, W, or strong,
and thick, or rough, or rugged, stone : (Lh, M :)
and »j^ signifies, also, land that is as though it
were a mountain of gypsum : (ISh, L :) or land
of which the stones are gypsum ; (M, TA ;) as
also * iyAf and ♦ e^-ev > (so in a copy of the M,
but accord, to the TA ▼ sj-a^ and T S^a^ ;) but the

last is app. an epithet: (M: [see hj**, below;
and iy&t 0) ***** tough clay in which is gypsum ;
(TA ;) and ♦ i^a/ signifies tough clay : (M, TA:)
or ij-cu, (M,) or »>**, (TA,) lough and good
clay, containing pebbles. (Lh, M, TA.)

«j-=v [in the TA, as on the authority of ISd,
t j->oj,] Good red Zanrf. (M, K.) See also »j-«y.

211

*>-v:

see ij-o^.

ij~aj sjoji Land in which are stones that cut
the hoofs of beasts. (TA.) See also ij-aj, in two
places.

j~. «v Seeing ; i. q. * j-o** ; (M, 5 >) c<m*r. o/

w>^ : (S :) of the measure J-** in the sense of
the measure JjuU, (M,) or of the measure J*U
[i.e. t^»V]:'(TA:) pi. Jl^. (M, 5.) One

says, (j lllri U ^; .. o . ; . l <ul Verily he is one who sees
with the two eyes. (Lh, M.) [Hence,] ^~aJt,
as a name of God, The All-seeing ; He who sees
all things, both what are apparent thereof and
what are occult, without any organ [of virion].
(TA.) And The dog; (M;) as also>-aJ^I:
(Msb :) because it is one of the most sharp-sighted
of animals. (M.) Endowed with mental per-
ception; (B ;) knowing; skilful; possessing un-
derstanding, intelligence, or skill: (S, M, A, Msb,

K. :) pi. as above. (A.) One says, *v jt*i W I
am knowing in it, or respecting it. (Msb.) And
;Uw^l> jpOfJ *i\ Verily he is knowing, or skilful,
in things. (Lh, M.) And ^«1«)V jv*i J*rj A
man knowing, or skilful, in science. (M.) And

SjLfJJV i'^roJI O- .** -^ e ** l/" ^ 0M w ^° arc

knowing, or skilful, in commerce. (A.) — — It is

also an epithet applied to A blind man; (A'Obeyd,

it
M, B ;) and so y^a^ y>\ : (TA in art j^t :) so

applied as meaning endowed with mental percep-
tion; (B ;) or as meaning a believer; (A'Obeyd,
M ;) or as an epithet of good omen : (M :) and

jHV >/l is used as meaning ^j2*y\ [the weak-
sighted, &c.,] for this last reason. (M.) = Sec
also 5^-0,1.

«.

Mental perception; the perceptive fa-
culty of the mind ; as also T j-o^ : (B :) know-
ledge ; (Msb ;) as also T j-cv (S, Msb) and jlo;7.<l :
(Msb:) understanding; intelligence; skill: (M,
K :) 3^-aJI signifies j^j^JI ^ jUw^t [which
implies all the meanings above : see 10] : (S :)
and y JUBI 'j-av [in like manner] signifies mental
perception or vuton or tnew; ufca, or opinion,
occurring to the mind : (M, K :) the pi. of S^~=v
is tSlay ; (M, B ;) and the pi. of T j-o^, as syn.
therewith, jLcyt. (B.) [Sometimes it is opposed
to j^xj, as in the first and second of the following
exs.] ^jUJI ^yi* ^>« ^ykl t .Lo/^| ^y** [Blind-
ness of the eyes is a lighter thing than blindness
of the perceptive faculties of the mind]. (A.)
When Mo'awiyeh said to Ibn-* Abbas, .-^ ^
"j t £»j\*a>i\ ij» ^^iUu^U [O sons of Hdshim,
ye are afflicted in your eyes], the latter replied,

O mm 0/ Umeiyeh, are afflicted in your per-
ceptive faculties of the mind]. (M.) And
the Arabs say, «j_>Uo^ 4BI Lr *»l ilfay Cod
b/tnd Aw faculties of understanding ! And one

* <■ •< * t*

says, »*t^H Oli i-ljj -0, and ^3Uv, I -He possesses
fru« intuitive perception. (A.) And JJU ^-i'j
jjUoJI oli J [Jun impressed upon <A«« /A« «^n*
of perceptive faculties of the mind]. (A.) ^ Also
Belief, or firm belief, of the heart, or min</. (M, ?L)
And ijf^t ij* According to, or agreeably with,
knowledge and assurance : (T A :) and purposely ;
intentionally. (M, TA.) And S^o/ ^e l _ J JU
Without certainty. (M, TA.) __ Constancy, or
firmness, in religion. (TA.)__yln evidence, a
testimony, a proof, an argument, or <A« it'Ae; as

also t^li (S,K) and *^U. (K.) [And

hence,] Blood, (M,) or somewhat thereof, (A;, S,
K,) by mAtcA oim it directed to an animal that
has been shot, or to the knowledge thereof: (As,
A A, S, M, K :) or blood upon the ground; (AZ,
S;) what sticks upon the ground, not upon the

body : (M :) what adheres to the body is termed

■S *

<^j» : (AZ, S :) or a portion of blood of the size

of a dirhem : (TA :) or what is of a round form,

like a shield: or what is of an oblong form: or

what is of the size of the o-'j* [or foot] of the

camel: in all these explanations, blood being

meant : or blood not flowing : or what flows

thereof at one single time : (M :) or a portion of

blood that glistens : (B :) and (as some say, M)

the blood of a virgin : (M, K :) and blood-revenge :

t + *

and a fine for homicide : (TA :) pi. jAs*j 9 as
above : (S, M :) and Vj»«v, which occurs in a
verse cited by AHn, may also be a pi. of «^-ev,
applied to blood, [or rather a coll. gen. n., of
which lj~aj is the n. un.,] liko as j^tii is of
£1 ; or it may be for S>~<v, the i being elided

by poetic license ; or it may be a dial. var. of
*j~£o, like as one says u^W an d ^>Q- (M.) El-
As'ar El-Joafee says,

• - a I t* ess*. * * » *

^Ufel^^Uvl^.1,

[7Vi«y n>«n< with their blood upon their shoulder-
blades; but my blood, a ready and swift and
strong korse runs with it] ; meaning, they ne-
glected the blood of their father, and left it behind
them ; i. c, they did not take revenge for it ;
but I have sought my blood-revenge : (S, M :*)
but see another explanation in what follows. (S.
[See also Ham p. 59.]) — I A witness : (Lh, S,*
M, Mgh, K :) an observer and a witness. (A.)
Sj~y <u4J (jJU- ^)UJNI Jv, in the Kur [lxxv. 14],
means -I Nay, the man shall be witness against
himself: (S, Mgh:) or it means that his arms,
or hands, and his legs, or feet, and his tongue,
shall be witnesses against him on the day of
resurrection : (M :) Akh says that it is like the
saying to a man, ..'>.. i,"» |a y« Am. m. c~it : (S :)
the i is added because the members are meant
thereby ; (B ;) or to give intensiveness to the

signification, (Mgh, B,) as in L»y* and i^tj;
(B;) or because the meaning is Ijt^t o-e*-
(Mgh.) You say also, >w ^iftJ^ t ^liJ.I \Make
thou me an observer of them and a witness, against
them. (Lh,* M, B A.) — An example by which
one is admonished : (K :) pi. jStiy ; which is
said to be used agreeably with this interpretation

27»

212

in the Kur xxviii. 43. (TA.) You say, JU U»
*e* V*«<V I Hast thou not an example whereby
thou shouldst be admonished in him? (TA.):=
A shield: (AO, S, M, K :) or a glistening shield:
or an oblong shield : (TA :) and a coat of mail:
( AO, S, M, K :) and any defensive armour : (M,
TA :) and ••^_JI _pta^ any arms that are morn :

and jLjj, as well as yl^/, is a pi. thereof. (TA.)
Accord, to AO, the verse of El-Joafee cited above
commences thus :

• ft t *- ft ft - „ - - ft - *

and the menning is, [They bore] their shields
[upon their shoulder-blades] ; or t/ieir coats of
mail. (S.)«ssvl7. oblong piece of cloth (K,TA)
of cotton or other material. (TA.) [See j-a*\]
Such is hung upon the door of a dwelling. (TA.)

ft- * • -- ft U' ft-3-ft fit

And you say, ij~oj *»!•> ^'j. ■• e. iixU Uw
[app. meaning i «w> upon him a garment com-
posed of two oblong pieces of cloth joined and sewed
together]. (TA.)__TFAa< is between the two
oblong pieces of cloth [i. c. between any two of
such pieces] of a c^i [or tent] ; (S, K ;) and
what is between the two pieces ofa»}\)+ and the
like; what is sewed, thereof, in the manner termed
j-*i [inf. n. of j*li : see 1, last sentence] : (B :)
pi. jSUdv : (S :) and * >-oW signifies [in like man-
ner] what is joined and sewed together (JUJU)
between two oblong pieces of cloth or two pieces of
rag. (TA.)

• ' • - • - • «-

_ft-oV •" see jt^f. __^-oV »-•> t An intent, or

a hard, glance : (M, K :) or a very intent or
Aa«/ glance. (S.) You say, t^-el^ taLj a^jI .J I
showed him a very intent or hard glance: (S,
M :*) l^b being here used for the augmented
epithet [Ij-a~»] ; (M ;) or it is a possessive
epithet, (Yaukoob, M,) like ^jfj and y*Ki, mean-

1 * * * M * * * ** 1 1 • - • ft *

ing j^l( ^i, from O^l, like C~>U Oye from

* -«' .

C~*l ; and it means / showed him a severe thing.

(S.) And \fo(t l*>-cJ «u« ^jil J /Ze experienced
from him a manifest, or an evident, thing. (M.
[See also art *-J.]) And tj-ol^ U-J ^*>Vi ^lj
I »St«cA a on* fceAeW a terrible thing. (Lth,
TA.) And £*l} U-2 ^UJll J>\}\ % Fortune
showed me a terrifying thing. (A.)_ It is said

. 00 00 0*0 »*+*»» 0* 1000 to -

in a prov., »j-o\yt :-^«'l je*j «j^=>t^ ;U«J1 .j**.,
[the word r°\y* being pi. of ti^ol/,] mean-
ing [77«« fte*t kinds of morning-meal are those
thereof that are early; and the best kinds of
evening-meal are those thereof] in which the food
is seen, before the invasion of nighC (Meyd. See
Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 442.) _ 5J-oV [as an
epithet in which the quality of a subst. predomi-
nates] : see j~a<. «e See also ij~a-i, last sentence.

ij-o V : tee j-c^ : and see ^>W-

/-ow : see art. j-oif.

* -«•

f**\ [More, and mo«f, sharp-sighted or c&ar-

. i j •*'

sighted : see an ex. voce if*.].

• ft »» 9* ft

^-^4 : tee i^af.

jMa* — J*Al

and its fern. »j*a~o: see the next para-
graph, in three places.

• •< •

j-a~« : see >*-aj. _ [Hence,] J yl watcher, or

guard, set in a garden. (A.) _ And j-a-«Jl
t TV*e lion, which 6ces his prey from afar, and
pursues it. (K.) = [Making, or causing, to see,
or to have sight : and hence, giving light; shining;
illumining : and conspicuous ; manifest ; evident ;
apparent : also making, or causing, to have mental
perception, or knowledge, or t&t'u.] |/ ^ .~« jlyJIj,

in the Kur [x. 68, &c. (in the CK ♦ ijX* jV^^)],

means, ^4nd (A« A/y [causing to see ; or] in which

one sees; (K ;) giving light ; shining; or illumining.

** •> -# -^ ftftft^' Aft*
(TA.) And Sft-a^o U>UI _^yJ.U. l»JL>, also in the

Kur [xxvii. 13], t -4«<i' roAcn oar jj'^ru rumc to

them, making them to have sight, or to have

mental perception, or knowledge, or skill; expl.

by i'y-cu <lW JU%3 : (Akh, S, K :) or giving light ;

shining; or illumining : (S :) or being consjn-

cuous, manifest, or evident: or we may read

v i^a«4, meaning liaving become manifest, or «ji-

#« • * -- a - ft- -»-^
(/en«. (Zj, M.) And «j^a«* aiUI j^^j Uol, also

in the Kur [xvii. 61], t And we gave to Thamood
tlie she-camel, by means of which they had sight,
or menial perception, or knowledge, or skill:
(Akh :) or a sign giving light, shining, or illu-
mining; (Fr,T;) and this is the right explana-
tion : (T :) or a manifest, or an evident, sign :
(Zj, L, K :) and some read * S»-a~<>, meaning
having become manifest, so as to be seen. (Zj, L.)
And Sj-a-o jly-JI ajI L.JLwiw, also in the Kur
[xvii. 13], X We have made the sign of the day
manifest, or apparent. (K, TA.)asOne who
hangs upon his door a tjpoi, i. e. an oblong piece
of cloth (K, TA) of cotton or other material.
(TA.)

S^o^ : see ij^cu.

• •- •*

>^*I * One /uAo 5^/i.t, or endeavours, to see

a thing plainly or clearly [either with the eyes

j - *
or wifA the mind]. (TA, from a trad.) — ^y^=>;

CHj ■*■:'•"■», in the Kur [xxix. 37], means, And

they were endowed with perceptive faculties of

the mind, or of knowledge, or of skill : (Jel :) or

they clearly perceived, when they did what they

did, that the result thereof would be their punish-

s •- • ft -ft
merit. (M.) And you say, <u>i ,j j-a~ — ° «*

<cL«^j fi'e m endowed with mental perception, or

knowledge, or understanding, intelligence, or lAttt,

in Au religion and his actions. (TA.)

1. Liu, [inf. n. of ia-a-i,] t. q. L~>, in all its
meanings: (K :) the ^», with )a, is changed into
1^0 because of the nearness of the places of utter-
ance. (L.)

1. 2-i, aor. - , (K,) inf. n. jlj, (S,) ITtf rai-
lected : (K :) [J says,] I have heard from certain
of the grammarians that juoJI is syn. with **»JI,
but I know not what is the truth of the matter.
(S.) Hence what here follows. (TA.)

[Book I.

j -•« .

j«-ajt is a word used as a corroborative, and ia

pronounced by some with the pointed ^o, but

this is not of high authority: you say, ■«*»- CjS±-\

*~o/t ^-o*-t [7 took my right, or due, altogether] :

and [the pi. is (jjjujyl :] you say, >yUt .U-
- i-ftt- ft-ftt
^y«-aj| tjj»,fcil [27t« people, or company of men,

100 *•

came a// together] : and the fern . is ibuo^ : you

^- i .* •"» * ft* »*•« • - » * »

say, ;U-oj ;U«». : and [the pi. of .U-oj is >.n :
you say,] «-a* »«*>. i^— Jl Oolj [J *m> <A« women
all together] : it is a corroborative occurring in a
particular order, never before r-a»-\. (S.) [Seo

1. j^, (Lth, JK, S, K,) [aor. * ,] inf. n. JJ*',

(S.) «'• ?• j>i (Lth, S.-K) or Ji; (JK) [2/e <pat] :
it is the most chaste of these three verbs. (TA in
art. tj-j.) <S-»-.3 i^ J^ ['>>• H e s P at tn his face,]
means t he held him in contempt, or despised him.
(TA..)asHe milked a ewe when site was with
young. (K.)

4. C'li.rfiyl She (a ewe) excerned the milk [or
biestings into Iter udder before bringing forth] ;

(JK, K ;) like cJwl [q. v.]. (TA.) J^l is

also said of the juaS, or small juicy branches,
in the [species of mimosa termed] )*ije- [app.
as meaning They excerned a matter like spittle].
(TA.)

• - •- --

ftU-m,' yl [,?ron« tract such as is termed] ij*.

•'•ft , • *
somewhat elevated; [as also <u.,,^ :] pi. JUay.

(AA,K.)

JLay Spittle, or saliva, that has gone forth
from the mouth : as long as it is in the mouth, it
is termed ^ij: (K:) [or saliva that flows: see

JlftW =] *'• 1- J& (?, K) and JUy' : (K :) but it is

• * # j
more chaste than either of these. (TA.) [iSLay

-- ft - - ft
is app. its n. un. And hence,] _ j^xlt «ULa^

White glistening stone: (S:) or stone of a clear
white colour. (JK, K.) [Also written with ^^i.]
ss ft4 species of palm-tree. (S, K.) = The best
of camels : both sing, and pi. (IDrd, K.)

Jy-aj A ewe having the least quantity of milk*
(K,TA.)

2. J--a-3 The act of stripjting, or divesting ;
[like as when one strips an onion (iLsu) q/" its
coa<*;] (K;) us also ^J-lu. (Fr, K.) You say,

- ft- -ftfl ftftfi^ .♦"••'"iw • *

*^U> ^» J»-jJI CJU^ [and ▼AftXrfuj] J stripped
the man of his clothes. (TA.)

5. J-a~i Jt (a thing) was, or became, several

r

fold, or many fold, like the coats of the J-o< [or
onion]. (Z, TA.) See also J-a~». m It is also

' ft / 5 ~

trans. : see 2, in two places. _ [Hence,] »yLo*3
t T7tey begged of him so much that all that he had
became exhausted. (Sgh,K.)

J-a^ [The onion; allium cepa : or onions, col-
lectively :] what it signifies is well known : a. un.
with ». (S, M, Msb, K.) Hence the prov., kp5 ^l
J-ai^l '^y» [Having more coats, or coverings,

Book I.]

than the onion]. (TA.) — [Also Any kind of
bulb, or bulbous plant.'] Ol^J" J-** [^ Ae ou ^°
of the saffron], which is buried in the ground,
is like the J*cy [or onion] commonly known.
(Mgh.) jUJI J-sy is the tame as Jei-'jJI and
JUL»NI and J«eu»)l, (K in art. Ji-,) also written
J-*ii)1, (£ in art. J-»*,) or J-*Uj01 J-^i (KL
voce ^>j, [and so as written by Golius,]) [Scilla,
or squill; particularly scilla maritima, or officinal
squill; called by all these names, except, perhaps,
JUL.^1, in the present day ;] also called j*) , and

lj>ll J-aJI [the wild onion; but from what fol-
lows, it seems that there is a confusion here].
(KL ubi supra.) ^oJJI J-ey, and jjj)\ J-ey,
(Golius on the authority of Zeyn El-Attar,) or
jjpt J-cy, (so in the TA in art. ,^-J^,) t. q. sj-y^t
liulbus esculent us, (Golius, from Zeyn El-Attar,) or
is^JUl, with fct-h, [thus generally written, though
it would seem to be correctly ^^L,] the leaves
of which resemble those of the w>tj-> [or rue] :
(TA in art ^j~Sf ■) the ^j-y^i is the mild onion
(in Pcrs. ^\ja~o jL>). (KL voce vy&- [This
Inst assertion suggests that jjji\ und jJjJt may be
mistranscriptions for jjji\ ; the jjj mentioned
before.]) [..jSJI J-ey liulbus vomitorius ; men-
tioned by Golius; and by Dioscorides, (l.ii. c.201,)
as being emetic and diuretic] _ Also, (K,) or
iJU^, (M,) \A helmet (M,K) of iron, (K,)
pointed in the middle ; so called as being likened
to what is iirfit mentioned above. (M.) Lcbeed
likens helmets to ,J-aj. (S.)

jj£i (ISh, K) and t jj^ ji (ISh, TA) A
- • .■

covering of any kind (j^3) consisting of many

coats; thick; (ISh, 1C;) like the coats of the

J**i [or onion]. (ISh, TA.)

The space that is between the extremity of
the little finger und that of the third finger [when
they are extended apart] : (S, M,* K :) mentioned
on the authority of AO, (S,) or on that of Aboo-
Malik alone. (M.) The ^s- is the space between
the third finger and the middle finger; the ^j,
that between the middle finger and the first
finger ; [but see these two words ;] the Js, that
between the first finger and the thumb; the jJ*,
that between the thumb and the little finger; and the
Oy, that between every two fingers, in length. (S.)
——^o-oj ^i IVtich, or coarse; applied to a man,
(M, K\) or a garment, or piece of cloth : (K :) or
you say j^a^ aJ ^>yt, meaning a garment, or
piece of cloth, that is dense, or compact ; close in
texture. (M.)

^jLa^, (M, K,) so accord, to Ktr, (M,) and
^jUcv, (K ,) thus in some of the copies of the Jm
of IBrd, (TA,) a name of The month 'j*S)\ Lp,
(M,K,) in the Time of Ignorance: (M:) pi. [of
pauc] 3j^oj\ (M,K) and [of mult] £&-*i; (M,
TA ;) the latter erroneously written in the copies
of the K oUUo^ : (TA :) so says Ktr ; but other
lexicologists hold that it is ^Lay, like jliw,

and O^i* Klw o!/*^» an< ^ 'h' 8 > 8 & e co rrect
opinion : Aboo-Is-Mk says that it was so named
because of the ,^0, i.e. gleaming, of the weapons
therein : (M :) but it is said in art. ^j of the
K to be O^J an( * Cr^^ii : a "d §&h holds ^Uo^
to be correct because u*i and ^j signify the
same. (TA.)

1. c~ cuslj, and C^uey, (S, TA,) and C oAlA^
also, (accord, to one copy of the S,) [third pers.,
accord, to rule, ^^u, (accord, to Golius and
Freytag ^Aiu or ,/uv, but these are irregular
forms, and not admissible without authority,) aor.,
accord, to rule, of the first j>w , and of the second
*i , and of the third sjau^ ,] inf. n. i-iUsj and

JUyAf, (S, TA,) TAo« (O man) nifl*<, or be-

earnest, such as is termed ^joj ; i. e. thin-shinned
and plump; &c. : (S :) or very white or fair,
with fatness: or delicate and char in complexion,
and such that the least thing made a mark, or an
impression, upon thee. (TA.)s=*l*M *>*■:, aor.
,_^uj , inf. n. u^e*°-! (S, K) and ^^ and t^a/ ,
(K,) TAc water jfforoed 6y K«/e and /«'«/e: (S,
K :) or exuded upon a rock or the ground. (TA.)

And i-£»pl c-iu, and lyjL»j C^iy, 7%e n>e// Aao*,
or yielded, little water; or Id water became little.
(TA.) It is said in a trad, respecting Tabook,

»UJI ^>o Ji^i^ u*^ v>*""j [**• source, or spring,
yielding scantily somewhat of water]. (TA.) And
you say, (,^01 w~< S ', aor. as above, inf. n. ^jcy
and l ^wo.», TVte ey« aAea* <car*. (TA.) And, of
a man when you characterise him as patient under
affliction, dj~c ^jaJ U [J9Tm eye does not shed
tears]. (TA.) And JjUJl O^ 7'Ae nt;>;>fc
streamed with milk. (TA.) It is said in a trad.,
J^ft ^jcuj U Having no milk dropping from it,
or Aer. (TA.) And in another trad., ±y» Jai-

«# • I m» * ' • ^ set * * ' *M f* •*

[Jfe yetf /ro?» f Ae Aorse, ana" to, he mas sitting,
with the side of his face exuding yellow water].
(TA.) One should not say, iU-JI ^jey, nor 2ujii\ :
but some say so, urging the authority of Ru-beh.

(S.) And you say of a stone, and the like, ^*i,
aor. as above, meaning Water flowed from it
like sweat ; water oozed from it. (TA.) _ Hence

the saying, ojsf^t- u°*i *-• t No good is obtained

' jj « « + •* *
from him ; (TA ;) i. q. <ubuo yjjJ3 U : (S :) a

prov. applied to the niggardly. (S, (.) [Hence

also,] <0 c^y, [nor., accord, to the TA, «>uj, but
this is evidently a mistake,] + H e gave him a
little; as also <0 *^'» (Sh, K,) inf. n. u il£\ :

(TA:) and j,-^p *i ^u file did him a small

' a-
benefit; as also ^^i. (As.)

4. a) ^^iul : see 1, last sentence.

5.

/ took everything belonging to him.

(Ibn-'Abbad, K.) «L> ^ eJkJLf I took the

whole of my right, or due, from him by little and
little: (S,K:) [as also IL *£iJLj.]

10.

*\ U Jta.

TaAe tAou ti>Aa< is easily

213

attainable; what offers itself without difficulty.
(A A, TA in art v^O

^ A man thin-skinned, or fine-skinned, and
plump : (S :) or a man having a thin, or ,/Sne,
and plump, skin, upon wkich the least thing makes
a mark, or an impression : (Mgh :) or a man
(As) soft, or tender, in body; not particularly
implying whiteness : (As, S :) or soft, or tender,
in body, thin-skinned, or fine-skinned, and plv*yp:
(K :) fem. with S ; (S, £, &c. ;) signifying a gJrf,
(S,) or a woman, thin-skinned, or fine-skinned,
and soft, or tender, or delicate, (TA,) t/" tanmy or
wAtfe : (S, TA :) or soft, or tender, in body ; not
particularly implying whiteness : (As, S :) or
fleshy and white : (AA :) or thin-skinned, or
fine-shinned, in whom the blood appears [through
the shin] : (Lh :) or soft, or tender, or delicate,
compact in flesh, and very white or fair in com-
plexion : (Lth :) and * <Uo«^v and " i-oly and
♦ i^>uiv, applied to a girl, signify the same as

iJay J (?> TA ;) compact in flesh, plump, or *o/<
and thin-skinned and plump, with a very white or

^/ai'r complexion : (TA :) and "^jol^i also is syn.

« a ..
with i^v, applied to a woman. (TA.)

^Jukt' LiUle water. (S, K.)

^Uy : see k>v , at the end of the paragraph.

u°y*t jXf, 0(C,) or ^eyiH *<£>j, (?,) ^1 well
having little water : (S :) or of which the water
comes forth by little and little : (K :) pi., in
some copies of the K, ^Liu : in others, ^jojIai.
(TA.)

^ubUu *ULJI (J U, (K,) or *U ^>o i^Uy,

(TA,) and ♦ Lwu, (K,) There is not in the skin
[even so much as] a small quantity of water : (K>
TA:) from Aboo-Sa'eed. (TA.)

a.ii.o.1 : see ^a/, near the end of the paragraph.

= Ruin little in quantity. (Sgh, K.) —. See also

3>ij.. -— d tAtn<7 wAtcA (Ae Itand possesses. (K.)

^ »*• * • ^ • <
You say, u ; j> a ' <0 w^>j^I J produced to hint

what, my hand possessed. (TA.)

il-gUiy : see t>v, near the end of the para-
graph.

«Lbb : see ^<aj, near the end of the paragraph.

isbybit j~~\ ^ U Twere u not any moisture
in the well (Ibn-'Abbad, K.)

a &*i *» _— _ . __. _

^Ul t>vl yk iic u (A« moit delicate, or fine,

in complexion, of men, and the most beautiful of
them in external skin. (TA.)

L iiii, (S, M?b,) aor. - , (Msb,) inf. n. ^ij,
(S, Mgh, Msb, 5,) He cut it; (8, Mgh, Msb,
K ;) namely, flesh, or flesh-meat : (S, TA :) and
it (a sword) cut a piece off from it; namely, a
thing: (As, S:) and Ae cut it in pieces; namely,
flesh, or flesh-meat : (K, TA :) and * mu^i inf. n.
«--a-3, has the first of these significations : (K :

[but only the inf. n. is there mentioned :]) or this
latter signifies Ae cut it much, or in several pieces,
or tn many pieces. (Msb, T A. •) — He slit it;
or cut it lengthwise; (S, Mgh, Msb, K ;) namely,

214

flesh, or flesh-meat, (Msb,) or a wound, (S, TA,)

and a vein, and a hide. (S.) [And hence,]

V"-^, (Sb, Msb, TA,) aor. - , (Msb,) inf. n. «iu
(IS, TA) and jLIJ, like 'JiL and Jil and >4, for
Jj«i ia not rare as a measure of inf. ns., (Sb, TA,)
or accord, to some it is an inf. n. of this verb,
(Msb,) but accord, to others it is a simple subst.,
(TA,) I Inivit earn ; he lay with her, or compressed
her; (8b, Msb, $, TA ;) as also * 1,ju»W, (Msb,)
inf. n. i*J,CZ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and cU* : (S,
Msb, K :) because in the act which it signifies is
a kind of slitting. (Mgh.) You say, ly*-=v >SAJU,
i. e. 1>*U*^ (Msb.) And it is said in a prov.,

' cLoJI L*l a,U t fc » J [ Like her who teaches her

C * * *

mother Iswj >!!]• (S.)^juiv also signifies J The
taking in marriage : (K, TA :) and *-<v, as an
inf. n., f The making a contract of marriage.
(Msb.)

2 : see 1.

3 : see 1, in two places.

,t, (Mgh, Msb, £,) inf. n. ^U/l,
(Mgh, Msb,) J He gave her in marriage. (Mgh,
Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., (TA,) j^lij
i >^tLajl ^ ;U-JI I Women shall be consulted
respecting the giving them in marriage : (T,
Mgh, Msb, TA :) or, accord, to one relation,
*^>y*Lavl, (Mgh, Msb,) which [virtually] means
the same ; (Msb ;) but this is a pi., namely, of
m. (Mgh, MhI).) = .JjIjI suo^I He made the

thing to be i*Uy [i. e. an article of merchan-
dise], (S,$,TA,) whatever it was; (TA;) as
also ♦.mil ; ,r..,l .- (S,K :) or »^l)l ♦■j.«,o;;..il sig-
nifies I made [or took) the thing as itUy [an
article of merchandise] for myself: and you say,

[jjt*- *S*mj [I made it, or gave it as, an article
of merchandise to another than me] : (Mgh,
Mf b :) and IcLoJt <uua,>t he gave him the article
of merchandise. (TA.) Hence the phrase, in a
trad, relating to El-Medeeneh, accord, to one
relation, \^m •■iu3, meaning t It gives the good

that it possesses to its inhabitants; as explained
by Z ; but accord, to the relation commonly
known, it is *,<ii3, with ^j and with the un-
pointed ^jo ; [meaning " it purifies ;" (L in art.
%*oi ;)] and there are two other relations, which
are L ^ J and «.»H;7. (TA.)

7. ^-o-JI It was, or became, cut, or cut off.
(?,TA.)

8. «U» ptSfl H e took, or received, [merclian-

dise]from him. (TA : [in which the word itUki
requires to be supplied in the explanation, and
ia indicated by the context.])

10. cltijTuil denotes a kind of matrimonial
connection practised by people in the Time of
Ignorance ; i. e., A woman's desiring sexual in-
tercourse with a man only to obtain offspring by

him : a roan of them used to say to his female

• ,..-'• *'*tt it t • *t

■lave or his wife, «u» ^J& M &yj ^J\ ^->j^

[Send thou to such a one, and demand of him

sexual intercourse to obtain offspring] ; and he
used to separate himself from her, and not touch
her, until her pregnancy by that man became
apparent: and this he did from a desire of obtain-
ing generous offspring. (I Ath, TA.) = See also
4, in two places.

••' * * f t T.

iua/ : see »-oj, first sentence, and near the

a., m -

end : and see also

suo^ Initus; sexual intercourse: (Mgh, Msb,
K:) a subst,, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) accord, to some;
but accord, to others, an inf. n. ; (Msb ;) held
by Sb to be the latter: (TA:) [see I:] and
marriage; or the taking in marriage; syn. «-Uu ;
(ISk, S, Msb, TA ;) [which has also the first of
the meanings given above;] as in the phrase ~iXXc
U'jJ yuAf yjfti [explained above (see 1)] : (ISk,
S :) or, (]£,) in this phrase, (Mgh,) I the puden-
dum muliebre ; the vulva ; (Az, Mgh, Msb, ¥.,*

a ■ j #j

TA ;) and so in the saying, in a trad., jU«*v JSt

«■ i *' * *

l£)U».U \ Thy vulva hath become freed, therefore

choose thou whether thou wilt remain with thy

husband or separate thyself from him ; (TA ;)

and in the saying, ^cX^A ._» iL_JI j-oU-J,
accord, to those who thus relate it, others saying
k > r *Li v J ; (see 4 ;) glk>\ being pi. of pa/.
(Mgh, Msb.) __ Also t The marriage-contract.
(K.)__And I A dowry; or gift given to, or
for, a bride: (K,TA:) pi. lyi*. (TA.) So
in the saying of 'Amr Ibn-Maadec-Kerib,

~,-*£> V^-U ^JL£» ^i

[And among Kaqb, and their brethren Kildb, are
females lofty in look, or] proud, and dear in
respect of dowries. (TA.) __ Also t Divorce :
(Az, K:) thus having two contr. significations.
(K.) __ And f The authority possessed over a
woman by her guardian who affiances her. (TA.)
__ And f An equal ; particularly as a suitor in
a case of marriage : as in the saying, in a trad.,
«Uj( c-jju *$ *-aJ\ IJuk \This equals marriage
shall not be refused, nor shall it be desired, or
wished for; he shall not be rejected. (TA.)

£i* (S,Mgh, M ? b,K,&c.) and t^J, (S,
Msb, K,) some of the Arabs pronouncing it with
kesr, (S, Msb,) [A number under ten ; and an
odd number, meaning] a number between two
round, or decimal, numbers ; ( AZ, I£ ;) from one
to ten [exclusive of the latter] ; and from eleven
to twenty [exclusive of the latter] ; so accord, to
Mebrem&n; (KL;) i. e. Mohammad Ibn-'Alee
Ibn-Isma'eel the Lexicologist, Mebreman being
his surname: (TA:) or from three to nine; (S,
Msb, K [in the first and last the ns. of number
being in the fem. gender; but in the second,
raasc.] ;) so accord, to Katadeh ; (Mgh ;) from
three to less than ten : (Fr [the ns. of number in
the masc. gender] :) or not less than three nor more
than ten ; (Sh [the first n. of number in the fem.
gender, and the second masc.] ;) from three to
ten : (Mgh [the ns. of number in the masc.
gender]:) or to seven: (Mujahid, Mgh :) or to
fixe: (AO,I£ [the n. of number in the fem.
gender] :) or from one to four : (AO, O, £ [the

[Book I.

ns. of number in the masc. gender] :) or to five;
an explanation ascribed to AO : (TA :) or from
four to nine; (ISd, 1£ [the ns. of number fem.] ;)
and this is the signification preferred by Th :
(TA:) or it signifies five : (Muk&til [this n. of
number masc] :) or seven; (Muk&til, I£ [in the
K this n. of number being fem.] ;) so accord, to
some :• (AO :) or ten : (Ed-Dahhak [this n. of
number masc] :) or an undefined number; j£.

J • **

jj j^-w-o ; so says Sgh ; [and the like is said in the
sb ;] in the K, erroneously, .>• jju> j&. ; (TA;)
because it means a portion, (Sgh, ]£,) which is
undefined : (Sgh, TA :) it also signifies, with ten,
[in like manner ; i. c. ten and a number under
ten ; or the like : as] from thirteen to nineteen.
(Msb.) When used as signifying from three to
nine, (Mgh, Msb,) or to ten, or to seven, (Mgh,)
[or to signify some number under ten, without
another n. of number,] it is masc. and fem. with-
out variation : (Mgh, Msb :) you say JU.^ «^y

From three to nine [&c] men : and Sj— > *~at
from three to nine [&c] women: (Msb:) and
^>-i-> %Jx> from three to nine [&c] years: (S:)

and )j^~> «-*v is* [*' n f rom three to nine, ice,

years] : (Kur xxx. 3 :) and «-*v O* - ^ u* A t *l

O^--' [And he remained in the prison from three

to nine, &c, years]. (£ur xii. 42.) But when

used to denote a number above ten, (Mgh, Msb,)

with a masc. n. it is with «, (♦ ia-iu,) and with a

fem. n. it is without i : (ISk, Mgh, Msb, K :)

you say ^L».j jJLc ia-eu From thirteen to nine-

rf- ••♦ *• • * » •
teen [&c] men : and i\j*\ ijZ* *^x>from thirteen

to nineteen [&c] women : (S, Mgli/ TA :) like as
you say ^a>j jL* aj"%> and i\jA ijJ-c £S$j.
(Mgh.) When you have passed the word de-
noting ten, (S, K,) [i. e.] to denote a number
above twenty, (Msb,) it is not used : (S, Msb,

£ :) you do not say O.V- *J P^** > (?» ?») Dut
. i • » **. *" « i . .

Csir^i '-*=-' > al> d so in the cases of the remaining

numbers : (S :) or you do say OiJ^*i >^ :
(Sgh, K :) accord, to AZ, (Msb,) you say ixiy
yjf.j ijjfZs-j (Mgh, Msb, K) meaning Twenty
and odd men: (AZ, TA:) and Sl^ol OiJ-^J >^V
(Mgh, Msb, r>) meaning twenty and odd women :
(AZ,TA:) but not the reverse: (K:) ISd says,
we have not heard this, but there is no objection
to it: (TA :) and Fr says, *~cu is not mentioned
save with ten and twenty to ninety; (IB,]£;)
not with what exceeds this : (IB :) you do not

If * • t **'' * * /Tn tr *•■

say iuUj *J*j nor uUI*. %^u, (IJ3, K,) but «UU
Ul~>< [and «Jui_) «JUt] : (IB :) it occurs in trads.
with (Jyj— * ■■i w '* OylrJ- (TA.) — «-*v and
* «-b.» also signify .4 part, or portion, of the
night: (£:) a time thereof. (Lb.) You say,
J^Ill ^» u ^bj» [A part, or portion, of the
night passed]. (TA.) J mentions it with ^o [in
the place of ,jo] ; and explains it by \J*y*», q. v.
(TA.)

ii-iu, (S, Msb, .£,) with fet-h, other words of
like meaning being with kesr, as iiii and <Jii
and »jji, (S,) and sometimes with kesr, [▼«bL»v,]

Book I.]

(£,) and * ix-iy also is mentioned, (TA,) of
which the first is the most chaste, though Esh-
Shihab asserts the second to be more common,
(TA,) A piece, or lump, or portion cut off; (TA;)
particularly of flesk, or flesh-meat, (S, Ms b, $,)
in a compact, or collective, state: (TA:) pi.
♦ sLL, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n., of which

ixiy is the n. un.,] and p*t, (S, Msb,I£,) as
some say, (S,) but this is disallowed by 'Alee
Ibn-Hamzeh, (TA,) [or it may be a correct pi. of
4x*cy agreeably with analogy,] and cUy, and

ol*-iy , (Msb, £,) and [quasi-pl. n.] £»«<V, which
is cxtr., like ^hj and ^-~X£» and jt*» [&c.].
(TA.) Hence the saying [of Mohammad] in a

trad., U ^ifc.} Vl> u ^.* t5^ **•"* *♦»**
Uljf J FafimeA t» a part of me : [that displeases
and disquiets me which has displeased and dis-
quieted her, and that hurts me which has hurt
her:] or, accord, to one relation, he said ix^-iy
[a little part]. (TA.) One says also, U^i oj
''• ' '- ijubJI jujlI) meaning Verily such a one

is corpulent and/at. (TA.) _ Sec also ixiy.

• * • j • * • #

«U-<y : see ix-ey.

ijucu : I see ix-oj : and, as a noun of number,

see iuL/, latter half of the paragraph.

he .rou7i</ of cutting of swords : occurring
## * * jj ***** »«i * • *
in the sayLi", ix*jy o>- — Uj Sx . n fc J»L.... U .»•■ « .»'

I heard a sound of falling of the whips, and a

sound of cutting of the swords: (TA :) but in the

S and A in art. v«*>, and by IB, ijbem. and

^ • - © * .•***

ix-co arc written iMtmit and * ix-iy ; and IB

explains the former as signifying the sounds of

swords ; and the latter, the sounds of whips. (TA

in art. j-ii..) [See also £-«y.]

cliy [The giving and receiving merchandise;]
C *** ***•• *•***•

a subst. from itUaJI ax-o^I and «U» viwl ; [or

rather an inf. n. of which the verb, *-j>y, is not
used ;] similar to u°^f>- (TA.)

^o} Flesh. (As, S.) You say, Y^&> %\'y
Ti'r} x (As, 8, TA) A beast abounding in what is
distinct from the rest of the flesh of the thigh :
n. un. with ». (TA.) And *e-a-JI ^J^- j4»J
(As,S) A fat man. (TA.) And %y±J\ ^\L J*C
[A fore arm, or an upper arm,] full of flesh.
(IB.) [See also ix-iy, of which it is a quasi-
pl. n.]

itUk,! Merchandise; or an article of mer-
chandise; .(TA ;) a portion of one's property
which one sends for traffic; (S;) a portion of
property prepared for traffic, (Mgh,* Msb,) or
with which one traffics ; from «-iy signifying the
act of " cutting," or " cutting off;" and vulgarly
pronounced itUJ : (TA :) pi. gSti^. (Msb, TA.)

«*b^ A sword that cuts off a piece of a thing

that it strikes : (S, TA :) or a sharp, or cutting,

sword: ($:) or a sword that cuts everything:

(TA:) pi. ixiy : ($:) Fr says that ixiy' sig-

# * * *
nines swords ; and a*.*,*., whips : but some say

the reverse. (TA.) [See also ix*iy above.] __
[See also the next paragraph.] xsm [A broker who
acts as an intermediary between the sellers and
buyers of camels ;] the same with respect to camels
as the J"9i with respect to houses : (O, L, £ :) or
one who carries the articles of merchandise of the
tribe, and conveys those articles from place to
place for sale: (Ibn-'Abbad, Sgh,K:) it is said
in the A that ^>J1 £«f V signifies the person who
carries the articles of merchandise of the tribe.
(TA.)

ix-ob A wound by which the head is broken,
(S, Mgh, Msb, K,) which cuts the skin, and
cleaves the flesh (S, lj£) in a slight degree, (K,)
and brings blood, but does not make it to flow :
(S, K :) or which wounds the skin, and cleaves
the flesh : (Mgh :) or which cleaves the flesh, but
does not reach to the bone, nor cause the blood to
flow : (Msb :) that from which the blood flows
is termed a~»I.* [app. a mistake for ix*ol>]. (S,
Msb.) = A large flock (Jjji [in the CK, erro-
neously, Jji,]) of sheep or goats : (S, Sgh, K :)

or a portion separated from the rest of the sheep

j ** j ** •*

or goats: (Lth,K:) pi. *~°\y>'- you say, «-oly Jjji.

(Lth.)

j*»t m j * • i ' ' *f

*Jx/\ as a corroborative after *-»»■' ■ see %*cl>\,

with the unpointed ^jo. Az says that it is an
evident mistranscription. (TA.)

**a~* A lancet; an instrument with which a
vein is cut : (S, Mgh,* K, TA :) and [a currier's
knife] with which leather is ait : (S, TA :) [pi.
«-iL* : accord, to the Mirkat el-Loghah, as cited
by Golius, it signifies a farrier's fleam; differing
from J»j--~o, which signifies a surgeon's lancet :
but this distinction is probably post-classical ; for
accord, to the TA, these two words signify the
same.]

3*ye** [used as a subst.] A bow : a bow cut
from a branch. (TA.)

210

duck, or ducks; and the goose, or geese; but
generally the former of these birds; agreeably

with a statement in the Jm, that J*v is applied by

the Arabs to the small, and )y\ to the large;]

i. q. j 3 \ , (K, TA,) both the small thereof tail the

large: (TA :) a Persian word ( LJ »«.i e), arabicized;

[originally w-y, or h^, or J»y;] or, accord, to
IJ, an imitation of its cries: n. un. iJa*-, (S, Msb,
£,) which is applied to the male and to the female,
(S, Msb,) like £*Ul and i-.U.i : (S :) pi. ili-v-
(TA.)

iLi n. un. of Lu, q. v. __ Also A kind of bottle,
or pot, of glass; syn. if> » (?-i TA ; [in the Clj£,
erroneously, in ;]) in the dial, of the people of
Mekkeh ; so called because made in the form of
a living lL*: (Lth,TA:) or a vessel like the
[flask, or bottle, called] jjjjll ; (# ;) [a kind of
leathern pot, or bottle, of which the body is nearly
globular, with a short and wide neck;] in which
oil J'c. are put : pi. isSxf. (TA.)

l\L{AmakerofiJs!i, pi. ofi^. (TA.)

a .ci .T , «. It is said in a prov., j+3 g. ^ . u ^ 'S

jj»*> ,Jt [Like the taker of dates as merchandise
to Ilejer] ; because Hejer is [famous as] the place
of production (^jjb*) of dates. (S.) *, £> ,. * •,.« is
here made trans, by means of ^\ because it has
the meaning of J-oU.. (TA.)

L «W> (S, Mgh, Mfb, It,) aor. '- , inf. n. hi>,
(Mgh, Msb,) He slit a wound, (S, Mgh, Msb,
]£,) or an ulcer, (S,) and a purse, (!£,) Sec. (TA.)
[See also R. Q. 1.]

2. i»hj, inf. n. L.lw, He trafficked in the birds
called Uf, q. v. (K.)

4. iWt, (IAar,?,) inf. n. ilJkJj, (IAar,) He
purchased [or became possessed of] a iL> [q. v.]
for oil, or of oil. (IAar, £.)

R. Q. 1. <h ; ln;» <uj*o He struck him and

clave his skin, or his head. (TA.) [See L]se

• * * • #
See also SJe^i, below.

ioLj A kind of water-fowl; (S, O, Msb;) [the

[app. an inf. n., of which the verb is

tiJUj,] The crying, or cry, of the Jay'; (]£;)
after which it [the bird] is named, accord, to IJ,
as mentioned above : (TA :) or its diving in water.

(SO

iL-o The »rfi;o [or scarifying instrument] (K,
TA) with which a wound is slit. (TA.)

1. iLt, aor. * , inf. n. *Xt (S, Msb, ?) and

h'UaS, with fet-h and medd, (Msb,) or JU-v, tike

V^ ; (K;) and * Uyl ; (S, M?b, IC ;) Jffi was,

or became, slow, tardy, dilatory, late, or fcacA-

*«irrf; contr. of ejJ-1 ; (^;) in his going or

course, and in his gait [&C.] : (TA :) or the latter

is said of a man ; (S, Msb ;) meaning [as above ;

or] his coming was late, or backward; (Msb;)

[and is app. elliptical, for xJL« Uoyl he made his

pace, or going, slow, &c. ; or the like ; see c^-»l :]

and £ioy [denotes what is as it were an innate

quality; sec, again, cj->\; or] is said of one's

coming ; [meaning it was, or became, slow, &c. ;]

(S, Msb ;) JJby being the contr. of i£*. (S.)

.*•*•« * I * *

One should not say * CwjM ' or *^^v'- (?.)

[See also 6.] ^>- 'i j^v: see oltJ.

2. <v Umv [and oUv, inf. n. as below, Jr moHe
Attn *fo»n, (aray, dilatory, late, or oocAnwrd;] t<
kept him, or Aela* Aim, back ; or put Aim back, or
backward. (TA.) It is said in a trad., <v U-y u-»
ii..., .'■ ^ c,y~j ^ aJLo« 7/z'to wAom Ail evil <&«<&
Ae«p, or /<oW, (ocA, or put back, or backward, his
nobility of lineage will not profit, [or advance, or
put forward,] in the life to come, or in the world
to come. (TA.) iy * 'U-v' U and >iy l£^ U
signify the same [TFAa< nuwic .Aee, or AatA mu</e
thee, slow? ice,]; (S,TA;) and so M^t U. (TA.)
And you say, >0)V *^ U-Vi >nf. n. J^jiuJ; and

216

At * IM ; He delayed to him [the doing of] the
thing, or affair. (K.)

4 : Me 1 and 2 ; each in two places. _ l^>W
Their beasts on which they rode were, or became,
slow. (AZ, 8, K.) __ »Uu'l U 7/ow »toro, or
lar<ry, Jtc, is [he, or] i'< / (S.)

6. U»L3 [accord, to general analogy, He feigned,
or affected, to be slow, tardy, kc. : or] he was
slow, or sluggish ; or Ae made delay ; in going, or
pace: and he field bach from work, or action.
(KL.) You say of a man, *jt-~* ^j IfcUJ [if*
feigned, or affected, to be slow, kc, in his going,
course, or pace], (S.)

10. ol h .; ...! (8, TA) He deemed him, or reck-
oned him, slow, tardy, kc. (KL.) You say,
^ ■ h ., : , , _ » ^t ^ «Jfc [.His wrore to me, deeming
me, or reckoning me, slow, kc.]. (TA.)

Iky inf. n. of 1. (S, Msb, K.) — . One says, in
the dial, of Benoo-Yarbooa, (TA,) uL, ifcil %
lj* \i, and *^l£J, [I never did it, lit.] I did it
not ever, O thou ! i. e. >Udl. (K, TA.)

l^lktf : see lb/.

V«>» li OV^J, and C&, (ft?,) but the
latter is extr., (TA,) ». q. l^j*. l£ t ji^ [Stow,
or wry »fow, or Aow *ioro, is this in coming
forth !] ; (8, K ;) the fet-hah in [the last syllable
of] fL/ is transferred to the ,j of (jlty, and the
dammeh of the J» [in the former] to the y [in
the latter] ; the meaning being one of wonder ;

i. e. »lkyl U. (S, TA.) [(j^W is an enunciativc
placed before its inchoative: and, being originally
£±V, it may be a simple enunciative, or an enun-
ciativc having an intensive signification ; as that
verb signifies simply " it was slow," kc., and
may be used as co-ordinate to y»j, meaning "ex-
cellent is he in his shooting!" kc, and yki
" excellent is he in his judging !" &c. : or it may

be equivalent to li^l U, as it is said to be in the
8. See also sj\*j-i.]

*uW Slow, tardy, dilatory, late, or hack-
ward; applied to a man, (S, Msb, TA,) and to
a horse or the like : (S, TA :) pi. ilk*. (8, K,
TA.) — Also an imitative sequent to * **r-
(8 in art. Ik*..)

U*vl More, and most, slow, kc. (Meyd, &c.)

it" . !*•*

U»-Jt for \j~+)\ is mentioned by AO. (TA on

the letter k.)

1. «Hy, aor. « , (Msb, TA,) inf. n. LLf,

(Mgh, TA,) He spread it; spread it out, or
forth ; expanded it ; extended it. (Mgh,* Msb,
TA.)_Also, (S,A,K,) or y& J^ iL±,,
(Mgh, Msb,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the
inf. n., (TA,) He threw him down upon his face.
(8, A, Mgh, Msb, K.) See also 2.

2. j^-ljl ^L,, (TA,) inf. n. 1^ ; (K;)

and ▼ ■< ■. in ,>\ ; (TA;) He strewed pebbles in the
mosque, and made it plain, or level [in its ground,

or floor] : (£, TA :) and i-UJ, [inf. n. of
T 4aJo^,] occurring in a trad., also signifies the
making it plain, or level. (TA.)
4: see 2.

5. «.h.ii : see 7. — Also It (a torrent) flowed
widely: (ISd,A:) or spread widely in the >Uh In.'.
(S,K.) — Also, [and * »-M,] It (a place &c.)
spread; spread out, or forth; became expanded
or extended. (TA.) = And i. q. *,~aZA [It
became set up or upright, erected, kc. : tluis the
verb bears two contr. significations]. (TA.) =
Also He (a man) took the -»J»jI as a place of
abode. (A,TA.) < -

7. f . hji l It (water) went to the right and left

in a place. (AA.)_See also b. — Hc became
thrown down upon his face : (S, A, K :) or he
lay, or lay as though thrown down or extended,
upon his face : (Mgh, Msb :) or he stretched
kimself; or lay, and stretched himself; upon his
face, extended vpon the ground ; as also t -, u.-.

(TA.) — It (a valley) became wide; (K,TA;)
asalso t_.K ; :.,l. (TA.)

10 : sec 7.

9 § m J ' it

m ly : see •», h.d, in two places.

a -* . K > The stature of a man [app. in a lying
posture] : as in the phrase J».j iU-kj yk [It is
of the stature of a man]. (K.) _ <LaLfa^ Uv^>
» j-j^i Between them two is a far-extending dis-
tance or j/iacc or interval. (L.) __ Sec also
j « at

iU_Lu : see *J^t, in four places.

t>i • <
mJx/ j-ltu [jtfany route water-courses in which

are fine, or minute, or broken, pebbles : the former

word is pi. of *Ja^t or of £UJaj] : a phrase like

i^Jl^l. (A?,A'Obeyd,S.)

s ^ fW : sc ° 7-i^t-

*-l»V applied to a man, t. q. * «.h{:» [part. n.

of 7, q. v.]. (Ham p. 244.)

1 1 et

>_Lyt, originally an epithet [and therefore im-
perfectly decl.], (M, TA,) that is, an epithet con-
verted into a subst., and not used as an epithet,
(Ham p. 21,) A wide water-course, or channel
of a torrent, in which are fine, or minute, or
broken, pebbles; (S,A,K, and Ham ubi supra ;)
so called because the water goes in it to the right
and left ; [i. e. spreads widely ; see 7 ;] (AA ;)
as also t JUiv, (?, A, K, Ham,) fern, of the
former, and, like it, an epithet converted into a
subst. ; (Ham ubi supra ;) and T 4»_Jaj, (S, K,)
and v m \>i : (K. :) or a water-course, or channel
of a torrent, in which are sand and pebbles ; as
also t luLfcu : (Mgh :) or a wide place [app. in
a water-course] ; as also T <UJv [ a PP< ***bj,
which is explained by Freytag, but without his
stating on what authority, as signifying a de-
pressed place through which water flows, abound-
ing with pebbles; as is also ^a. i>.» ; and in like
manner Golius explains the former, but mentions
the latter as a pi. of A^-Ja. ; ] : (Msb :) or, accord.

[Book I.

to AHn, the bottom of a water-course, or channel
of a torrent, producing no plants or herbage :
(TA :) or t 'A*. U< signifies soft earth of a valley,
such as has been drawn along by the torrents:
(ISd, TA :) or the soft pebbles in the bottom of
the water-course, or channel of a torrent, of a
valley; as also -Jbut : (IAth, TA :) or the soft
earth, snch as has been drawn along by the tor-
rents, iti the bottom of a i«Ii [meaning a water-
course kc] and of a valley; and the ^Ja^\ and
t»la>JL> of a valley arc its earth and soft pebbles:
(En-Nadr, TA :) and accord, to AA, *«-tu sig-
nifics sand in a «lsw-ku : (TA :) the pi. is «_b^t
and £.Uv (?,A,K) and plk/'; (K;) the first
of these, and the second also, contr. to analog}',
being pis. of _!»,.! ; (S ;) or both arc pis. of .U-lu,
contr. to analogy ; (Ham p. 251 ;) or the first is
pi. of 9>Jewl, formed after the manner of the pi.

of a subst. of this measure, though the sing, is
originally an epithet ; (M,TA;) and the second,
as is asserted by more than one, is correctly pi.

of «laJvt as is also OljUJiv ; (TA ;) and the
third is pi. of Aa^iu. (M, TA.)

* '"
yJ*p>* [part. n. of 7, q. v. : often applied to

anything Spread out, expanded, or flat] : sec

c J ? g -

4. I jyd i ty l They had abuiulancc of J...ty [or
melons, or water-meluns], (S, A, L, K.)

5. i-ko He ate ^Jy. (A, TA.)

iy J^l, and ii~Lu JU.^, J Large, big,
bulky, or corpulent, camels, and men : and ,J»-j

* ' if '

" (j»-«»V t o. large, big, bulky, or corpulent, man.

(K,TA.)

i .- '

( j>.Ua-i : see what immediately precedes.

r-Jy, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) vulgarly and in-

V • t *

correctly pronounced 4. t hy , (ISk, Msb,) and in

tlie dial, of El-Hijaz called LZb, (Msb,) ^4

certain well-known fruit ; (Msb ;) [the melon,
absolutely, as is shown by many passages in the
lexicons, and expressly stated in law-books : and,
particularly, the water-melon; cucurbita citruUus:

mm

or a plant] of the kind called ^Jaju, that docs
not grow tall, but extends itself upon the surface
of the ground : (K, TA :) and also the jJjA- [or
jij^., a Persian word, and applied to the water-
melon, by the Turks termed by this name, and
in their own language J^jt5] : (CK : [but not
found by me in my MS. copy of the K, nor in

the L, nor in the TA :]) or (jJjJ^JI X>k..H [the
Indian ■>. .h/] is what is called in Persian the
jijti. : (Mgh :) [tlie term ~lu is applied to
many varieties of the water-melon, distinguished

~ * * t ' m t sm m f

by different epithets ; as j-c**-*)\ the red, jimoty

J *mt Mm M t

the yellow, u^ertM the white, « r >7^-"i" the mangy,
,^»JI the speckled, J^—J^JI that of El-BuruUus,
kc. : it is a coll. gen. n. :] n. un. with S. (S, K.)

Book I.]

£i*-J>*

(S, A, Mgh, &c.) and a«»k~4 (S, L, $)
A place rvliere <-J n .<7''<"» • (S, A, Mgh, &c. :)
pi. LtU. (A,TA.;

1. jixj, rot. - , inf. n. jiau, He exulted ; or
exulted greatly, or excessively ; and behaved in-
solently and unthanhfully , or ungratefully : or
he exulted by reason of wealth, and behaved with
pride and self-conceitedneu, and boastfulness, and
want of thankfulness : or he behaved with the
utmost exultation, ice. : or he rejoiced, and rested
his mind upon things agreeable with natural
desire : Byn. of the inf. n. ji>\, (8, A, L, Msb,
TA,) and «_r* » (L, TA ;) the former of which

signifies p^JI 3jJ*, (S, A,) and ^ juLlt »j jU-o
~-y> : (A :) he was, or became, stupified, deprived
of his reason, confounded, or amazed, (S, K, Er-
Ilaghib,) bearing wealth ill, or in an evil manner,
performing little of the duty imposed on him by
it, and turning it to a wrong purpose: (Er-
Hsighib,TA,*TK :) this is said to be the primary
signification: (TA:) he was, or became, slupijied,
or confounded, and knew not what to prefer nor
what to postpone : (TA :) he was, or became,
confounded, perplexed, or amazed, by reason of
fright : (As, 8 voce j*~t :) he behaved exorbi-
tantly, or insolently, with wealth, (K, TA,) or
on the occasion of having wealth : and this, also,
is said to be the primary signification : (TA :) he
had, or exercised, little of the quality of bearing
wealth [in a becoming, or proper, manner]: (KL:)
he behaved proudly : (TA :) he regarded a thing
with hatred, or dislike, without its deserving to
be so regarded : he was, or became, brisk, liv>ely,
or sprightly : (K :) accord, to some, he walked
with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited
gait, with an affected inclining of the body from
side to side. (TA.) It is said in a trad., jLij *$

Ijiv »)!»j /»■ O* *****" J>yi <"BI [God will not
look, on the day of resurrection, upon him who
drags along his wrapper of the lower part of the
body in exultation and insolence, or pride: mean-
ing one who wears too long a wrapper of the
lower part of the body]. (TA.) _ '''..r Opv
J [Thou exultedst, or ecmdledst greatly, or exces-
sively, and behavedst. insolently and untkankfully,
or ungratefully, &c, t'n thy manner of life,] is a

phrase similar to jlpsl Ojii, ; (8, TA ;) and in

like manner l,:*,,.** Ojiv, in the Kur [xxviii. 58] ;

in which the verb is not trans., but the subst. is

put in the accus. case because of .y understood

before it. (Aboo-Is-hak.) ^J&}\ £$ •) f I

do not, or will not, domineer, or assume superior-
ity, over others when I am rich. (Ham p. 517.)

— <U » : ) I jJay [ He held wealth, or the favour, or
benefit, in light estimation, and was unthankful,
or ungrateful, for it. (A.)_»j»l ijljjk jAxj
+ He refused the right direction as to tlie manage-
ment of his affair, and was ignorant of it. (TA.)
_ It is said in a trad., that pride is JlaJI f^j,
which means J The considering as false, or vain,
what God has pronounced to be the truth, or
our duty; namely, the confession of his unity, and
Ilk. I.

the obligation of rendering Him religious service :
or the being confounded at considering truth, or
duty, and not seeing it to be true, or incumbent :
(TA :) or the disdaining the truth, or right, and
not accepting it or not admitting it. (K.) =
'»&, hot.'- (S,K) and ; , (£,) inf. n. ]L,, (S,
Msb,) He cut it, or divided it, lengthwise ; slit
it ; split it. (S, Msb, K.) Hence the appellation
jOJ;. (S,Msb.)

4. »jixi\ It rendered him such as is termed
jIxj ; it (wealth) caused him to exult, or to exult
greatly, or excessively, and to behave insolently
and untkankfully, or ungratefully : ice. : [sec
jSxj :] (S, A :) it stupified him, deprived him
of his reason, confounded him, or amazed him.
(S, K.) You say, «£>M ^Ji- ojkil U It (the
sky) rained not until it caused [men] to exult,
or to exult greatly, &c. (A.) _ a «JU. jiau\ \ It
(the ignorance of a person) caused his (another's)
clemency, moderation, or gravity, to become con-
verted into inordinate exultation, and insolence,
or the like, and levity. (A.) _ *«!». o^tul \ It
stupified, confounded, or amazed, him, so as to
turn him from his clemency, moderation, or

gravity. (TA.) it,i »j-tvl I lie imposed upon

him more than he was able to do; (S;) what
was above his power : (K :) ACji is here a sub-
stitute for its antecedent to indicate an implication
therein : (A :) you say this when a slow-paced
camel has endeavoured in vain to keep pace with
another camel ; and when any man has imposed
upon another a difficulty beyond his power: (TA:)
or the meaning is, he cut off his means of sub-
sistence, and wasted his body: (IAar, s$.i) cji
signifying the " body." (I Aar.)

Q. Q. 1. jioLtf, inf. n. Spauj, lie practised [far-
riery, the veterinary art, or] the art of the jUaL.
(Msb.) _ vl)*^' J"n2 >* H e treats beasts, or
horses and the like, medically, or curatively. (TA.)

\ji*i a*) v-*i t H* s blood went unrevenged,
(Ks, S, A, K,) being held in light estimation. (A.)

jie^ part. n. of jlaj, (Msb, TA,) Exulting, or
exulting greatly, or excessively, and behaving in-
solently ami untkankfully, or ungratefully: or
exulting by reason of wealth, and behaving with
pride and self-co)iceitedness, and boastfulness, and
want of thankfulness : or behaving with the
utmost exultation, &c. : see its verb. (A, Msb,
TA.)

jeSa^ Cut, or divided, lengthwise ; slit ; split ;
(K ;)' as also T^^LU. (TA.) = Sec also Ju4/-

ijt^t <>Lr*t -A- woman who behaves with much
jiu, i. e. exultation, and insolence and unt hank-
fulness, or ingratitude, &c. : [see jiey.] (A.)
[See also what next follows.]

jijiaj Clamorous; long-tongued: and one who
perseveres in error : fern, with 5 : (^ :) but it
[the former] is mostly used in relation to women,
(TA,) and as signifying a woman who exults,
or exults greatly, or excessively, and behaves
insolently and untliankfully, or ungratefully,
( jixJ,) and perseveres in error : ( Al)k :) [it is
said in the TA that some say jijJ»i, and that this

217

is the more approved ; but Az says,] Lth cites,
from ADk, the phrase jij&t *\ja\ as meaning
a clamorous, long-tongued woman; 0>iv >* V^

ty [because of her insolent behaviour] : and

says that, accord, to Aboo-Kheyreh, it is Sl^*l

jijiif ; her tongue being likened to the jixt : but

Lth adds, the saying of ADk is preferable in my

opinion, and more correct. (T in art. jii*.)

it •» • e •»

jJcurf : see jUxrf.

• » - t • •»

jie^i: sco jUa^j [ Hence,] A tailor. (Sh,

S,* K.) A poet says, (calling a tailor a jipt^t, like

as one calls a skilful man an wil£»l, Sh, TA,)

[Zi7«? a* </t« tailor cuts lengthwise, or j/tte, the
woollen tunic of tlie valiant chief], (Sh,S.)

Sjlxei [Furriery ; the veterinary art ;] the
art of tlie jlLl*'. (S, K.) [See Q. Q. 1.]

jll4; (S, Msb, KL) and *^ (S, ?) and f l££

and tjeJa^ (K) and T j> h : ; o (S, £) [A farrier ;
one who practises the veterinary art ;] one who
treats beasts, or horses and the like, medically,
or curatively : (K :) from cj\xj, explained above.
(S, Msb.") jUae-JI JjIj ^^yil [More commonly
known than the sign of tlie farrier, app. meaning
a sign which, I suppose, the itinerant farrier
carried about with him,] (A, TA) is one of the
proverbs of the Arabs. (TA.) _ You say, also,
jlia^ jjte tjLy/ yb t [He is knowing and skilful
in this: sec also j^ti]. (A.)

j^ial* : SCO j^ia^.

j . h e! o : see jUa^j.

,Ji^iv ^i Ji5l5 [or fe<K&r o/an army], in tlie

* * ' a

language of the >»jj [or Greeks of the Lower
Empire] ; ( JK ;) one wlio is to the >jj like the
jj\i to tlie Arabs ; (Mgh, Msb ;) [i. e.] a leader
of an army («*51S) oftkejt^; (S, ]$L accord,
to Kudamch, (Mgh,) one who is over ten thou-
sand men: (Mgh, K :) next to him is the ^jU.JJ»
[in the CKL O^Ph over ^ ve thousand: then,
the tr-»y» over two hundred: Qfii) but in art
m-jla in tlie K, it is said that <jU.jJ» signifies " a

headman, or chief, of high, or noble, rank," in
the language of Khurasan ; and in art. u t » #
tliat er-oy signifies " a commander," or the like,
syn. j,f»\; and.i~«U», i. q. «^Ubv, (TA,) which
is pi. of Jij}*, (S, Mgh, Msb, $,) as also Jifa,
for which JjUv is used in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-
eyb : (TA :)' it is an arabicized word ; (8, TA ;)
[app. from the Latin " patricius ;"] or, as some
say, of the language of the >»jj and of Syria : or
Arabic, agreeing with the foreign word, and of
the dial, of the people of El-Hijdz : accord, to
El-Jawdleekce and others, in the language of the
>^j it is J}jl> : some say that it signifies skilled
in war and its affairs, in the language of the
>o)j; and he who is so has rank, or office, and
is sometimes made foremost, among them: (TA:)
and (some Bay, TA) a proud and self-conceited

28

218

man; (JK,5;) so says Ibn-'Abbad: (TA :)
and fat; applied to a bird (J K, K) kc : (JK :)
pi. Ufa. (K.)_ [Sec also J>v, and J^U-.]

J)JL^ and h'Jui i.q. &jh> (Af,K,) i. e. A
leader of the Christians: (TA :) or the chief of
the Magiant: (K:) [in the present day, the
former is applied to a Patriarch of a Christian
church ; as also t jJbjiy : (see ,Jjjl»- :) pi.
ifejUv and dL> jlkj] : adventitious ; not Arabic.
(Ax,TA.)

3 ...

[^^j}*i Patriarchal ; i. e. of, or belonging

to, or relating to, a . Patriarch of a Christian
church; as also T LJ CjIv: both modern terms.]

[ijbjiv vl patriarchate; i. e. the o#?ce, or
jurisdiction, of a Patriarch of a Christian
church ; as also ♦ AXjjiu : both modern terms.]

Jitjixt : see jjisi.

«- • *i . . .

*&& I see ae%J«y.

1. <v JLLj, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. - and - ,
(S, Msb, K,) the former of which is that adopted
by the seven readers (Msb, TA) in chap. xliv.
Terse 15 of the Kur, (TA,) inf. n. JJb!f, (S.Mgh,
Msb,) He seized him violently ; laid violent hands
upon him : (S, Msb :) assaulted him : (S :) or he
seized him with violence and assault : (A, K :) or
he seized him vehemently, in anger : (Mgh :) and
he laid hold upon him (Mgh, TA) vehemently,
(TA,) t» making an assault : (Mgh, TA :) and
▼ ■* * U.i signifies the same as <v ,_£lv, (K,) but is
rare, occurring in the words [of the Kur xliv. 15],
l^jJU) ■* ,',■!> ■)! ,J.ir\,i j>yt , accord, to the reading
of El-Hasan and Ibn-Reja, [meaning On the day
when we make the greatest assault :] or, accord.
to A Hat, [and fid says the like,] tho meaning is,
[on the day when] we give power over them to
such as shall assault them [icitk the great assault ;
or make to assault with the great assault]. (TA.)
— Also He took it, namely, anything, or took
hold of it, (Lth, K,» TA,) or clung to it, (TA,)
strongly. (Lm, K, TA.) In the saying of El-

Hulwance, Jill ILlI* *& O^ 1 *& £** i W,

[meaning And that upon which the eye falls not,

and of which the hand does not take hold,] the

prep. [w>] >■ understood ; or the verb is thus used

. < ♦ ! i ' ■»

as implying the meaning of J^^t and JjUJI.

(Mgh.J £ jJI Jlytf J^ C-ii* J [The terrors

of the world assaulted them]. (A.) — J^l C&Ls

The hand worked, wrought, or laboured. (Msb.)

1> \ e^jill .J JJcL r/jS l[Such a one

i . £ . . . ■** -
labours in science with extensive ability]. (A,

TA.)_ jikJI ,>• sj3*i \He recovered from
the fever, being still weak. (Aboo-Malik, A,* K..)

3. ilfcV, (S, TA,) inf. n. l£fc£ (8, K) and
,^lUv, (TA,) He laboured, strove, struggled, con-

tended, or conflicted, with him, to prevail, or
overcome ; syn. of the inf. n. i»JU«o. (K, TA.)
— litlj, (TK,) inf. n. LiiCi, (K,) Each of
them two stretched forth his hand towards the
other to seize him violently (K, TA) and to
assault him quickly. (TA.)

4 : see 1, where two meanings are assigned
to it.

5. \i\JX JJLh vl%», [for J&&,] I The

' ' ' IB"

travelling-camels walk with slow steps (i_£a»jj [for

w*»yi3]) with their burdens, hardly moving. (Ibn-
'Abbad, Z, Sgh, K.)

• m *

(jll^ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.], _ Also Might, or
strength, in war or fight : or courage; valour, or

valianlness ; prowess : syn. ^X>. (K.) You say,
jjllaJI jujut ,_)».j [.A man of great might, tec.].
(¥.,* TA.) And Anger. (Har p. 258.)

HJJoj An assault; a violent seizure. (S.) 4JLLJI
l_£jJJI [The greatest assault], in the Ijfur xliv. 15,
is applied to the day of resurrection, or to the
battle of Bcdr. (Bd.)

J-l»; ». a. ylM J-!J^; (KO [sec Ji^;]

applied to a man ; as also ▼ c £lLy. (TA.)
4 1 » 1

t^ilkv : see l _A-K..

• t. * . .

[ u *,h.<i, or ^ jLkff S, ^1 p/acc o/" assault, or t/ie

like; sing. of^^JsU*, of which the following is

an ex.] JUl^JI iLtd dUUJI Sju^ U>,l U&l

l^-LijUx v >« IjJJul U3 lyJLt>L»j ljJ3^ 1 [?'Ae^
traversed a land whereof the roads were far-
extending, whereof the places of destruction were
near, and they were prostrated, or left sick, in
its places of assault, and were not saved from its
places of thirst]. (A, TA.)

•

JUfV

%. .

iiUaj A piece of paper: (I Aar, M, Sgh, TA :)
. > . . . ».. .

in the K, asj^»JI is erroneously put for iijjJI :

(TA :) a /?<•/«.'< <Aaf i* attached to a garment, or
piere of cloth, (T, S, M, L, K,) bearing the mark,
or inscription, of its price ; (T, S, L, £ ;) or a
ticket marked, or inscribed, with the weight, and
fAe number, of a thing : (TA :) of the dial, of
Egypt (T, S, L) and the neighbouring parts: (T,
L :) so called, (K,) or said (by Sh, TA) to be so
called, (S,) because it is tied by a twist, or thread,
(ii\iaLi,) of the unwoven end of the cloth : (S, If :)
but this is a mistake: (ISd, TA:) [in Greek,
wi-rrdiciof, as observed by Freytag ; and hence
probably derived:] accord, to some, it is [25Ueu,]
with ^j, because it tells (,JL^j) what is marked,
or inscribed, thereon ; but this is strange. (TA.)
It is said in a trad., that a man will be brought
on the day of resurrection, and ninety-nine scrolls,
or records, inscribed with his sins will be pro-
duced ; and there will be produced for him a SSUx/
bearing the testimony that there is no deity but
God, and it will outweigh the others. (TA.)

1. JI4 (S, Msb,?,) aor. *, (S, Msb,) inf. n.
JJcy and Jfiau and o^^v- [°^ which the last

[Book I.

seems to be the most common,] (S, Msb, K, KL,
&c.,) It (a thing) was, or became, JJ»V> ^ mean-
ing contr. of Jt*.; (S;) [i. e.,] it was, or became,
false, untrue, wrong or incorrect, fictitious, spu-
rious, unfounded, unsound, (KL,) vain, unreal,
naught, futile, worthless, useless, unprofitable,
(KL, PS,) devoid of virtue or efficacy, ineffec-
tual, null, void, of no force, or of no account ;
(Mf b ;) it went for nothing, as a thing of no
account, (S, Msb, K,) or as a thing that had
perished or become lost. (K.) [It is said of an
assertion or allegation and the like, and of a deed,
tec] Hence the saying in the Kur [vii. 115],
(J jJ L+j u lyl& U ^Uv^ [And what they were
doing became vain, or null ; or went for nothing,
as a thing of no account], (TA.) And %*»*$
*$*{ a*} His blood went for nothing, [unreta-
li-ated, and uncompensated by a mulct,] as a
thing of no account. (S, Msb.) And **,} JJaj
[signifies the same; or] He was slain without
there being obtained for him either blood-revenge
or blood-wit. (Er-Raghib, TA.)_Sco also tho
inf. n. Jyarf below, voco JU»v- — JyU' JJaJ
[How false, untrue, wrong or incorrect, tec, is
the saying .'] is said in wonder at that which is
JJ*. (TA.)— Ji^, (S,K,) or J^JI ^ jL,

(Msb,) aor. '-, (TA,) inf. n. aii^ (S,M ? b,K,
KL) and i!Ux>, which is mentioned by one of
the expositors of the Mo'nllakat, and said to be
the more chaste, and sometimes one says illiu, to
make it accord -with its contr. <UU*, (Msb,) He
(a hired man, or hireling,) was, or became, idle,
unoccupied, or without work. (S, Msb,* K, KL.

[See also 5.]) [Hence, SJUs^^j A day of idle-

** ' *
ness; a holiday.] ^i)U»y, with kesr, also signi-
fies The being diverted from that which wouhl
bring profit in the present life or in the life to
come. (T A.) — Sec also 2. -_ <>Jj j^o. ^y Jju,
(K») aor. - ; so it seems to be from the context
in the K, but correctly JJsu, aor. - , as iij the
Jm ; (TA ;) inf. n. i'lk/' (K) [and app. J^ty'

also ; see JUxi] ; He jested, or joked, or ivas
not serious or in earnest, in his discourse; as also
tjlyl. (K.) = jLi, aor. '- , (Msb,) inf. n.
Si\Li (S, Msb, K, KL) aiid ij'liv (Lth, Msb, TA)
and aJUJ (TA) and U^J, (S,K,KL,) He (a
man) was, or became, courageous, brave, or strong-
hearted, on the occasion of war, or fight '; such as

9 * <»

M termed Jiau, q. v. ; (S, Msb, K, KL ;) as also
T jlxfl> : (K :) or this last signifies he affected
courage, tec ; he made himself, or constrained
himself to be, courageous, kc. ; syn: * jj, * "»
(TA.) — J*v" JJ**J [How courageous, kc, is

the man!] is said in wonder at JJkJJI [i. c.
courage, &c., or the affecting of courage, &c.].
(TA.)

2. J*k3l [inf. n. of jLi] signifies tailkJI Jjti,
[in which the latter word is written in the TA
without any indication of tho vowel of the ^>,]
\. e. The pursuit of vain, or frivolous, diversion
or sport, and foolish, or ignorant, conduct. (TA.)
[See i)Uv> above, and the phrase next following
it.] = See also 4.

4. JJatft He said, or spoke, what was false,

Book I.]

or untrue; (Mgh, Msb, K [contr. of J»».l ;]
A« iterf : (Mgh :) he made a false, or vain, claim
or demand; he claimed, or demanded, for himself
that which was not right, or just. (Lth, TA.) — —
See also l.as4jLle^1 [and vulgarly *aJU»j] 7fe
*u»j« ti, or rendered it, [and Ae proved it to be,]
Ji»V, i. e. false, untrue, wrong or incorrect,
fictitious, spurious, unfounded, unsound, vain,
unreal, naught, futile, worthless, useless, unprofit-
able, (S,* L, K, TA,) devoid of virtue or efficacy,
ineffectual, null, void, of no force, or of no
account; (Msb, TA;) he nullified it, annulled
it, abolished it, cancelled it ; whether it was true
or false, right or wrong, authentic or spurious,
valid or null ; (TA ;) he made it to go for
nothing, as a thing of no account, or as a thing
that had perished or become lost. (K.) Hence,
d3i\ii JJayt He annulled his testimony. (TA in
art. jjj.) And JJ»UI JJ»-o J*-" J—^t ' m "•
Kur [viii. 8, meaning That He might establish
that which it true, and annul that which is false].
(TA.)

5. swH I>Mn3 They tooh it by turns to say,
or to do, that which was false, wrong, vain, futile,
or the lihe; syn. JMJI l^jlji. (Az, IC.) —
[ JixJ, said in the M»h to be from illUJI, (see
jiv, or ^Uil C>f J*¥») °PP- signifies, as its
part. n. (q. v. voce JlW) indicates, He became
unoccupied arid lazy.] ssScc also 1, near the end
of the paragraph.

jis> [originally an inf. n. of 1, and mentioned
therewith, first sentence :] »'. q. JJ»W> 9,- v - (Ham
p. 114.)

J-k->, said to be the only epithet of its measure
except v>-*- ; (TA in art. o—*" ;) applied to a
man, Courageous, brave, or strong-hearted, on
the occasion of war, or fight ; [commonly used
as a subst., meaning a man of courage or valour,
a brave man, a hero;] (S, Mi>b, K ;) as also
t Jlkf ; (K ;) one whose wound goes for nothing,
so that he does not care for it, (Lth, K,) and it
does not withhold him from the exercise of his
courage; (Lth,TA;) or the blood of whose adver-
saries goes for nothing with him, (KL,) unrevenged:
(TA:) or for this reason he is thus called; (TA;)
or because life is annulled, or made to go for
nothing, on the occasion of encountering him, and
severe misfortunes are annulled by him, (Mfb,)

or by his sword, and made to be of no account :

*.\te *

(TA :) and so " iUa^ applied to a woman ; (S,

Msb, K ;) accord, to one of the expositors of the
Hamasch; (Msb;) but AZ says that this is not
allowable : (IDrd, TA :) the pi. of ji*' is Jli>Jl.
(Msb,£.)

jULUv : see JA> V : = and see also JJa/.

ij&*l One whose powers have become weak:
but this is a vulgar word. (TA.)

0*^4 (pi- of J-W> TA) False, or vain, things;
or unprofitable sayings. (Ibn-'Abbdd, 1£.) You
say, '•^r&i; ll j iW He uttered false, or vai,
things'; &c. (El-MoheeJ, TA.)

JUx>, applied to a man, signifies >y~> * JJ»W .ji
t JjiiJI [app. meaning Having a vain, or false,

object or pursuit; manifesting the having such
an object or pursuit : or, accord, to an explana-
tion of JJol^ jj by Bd in xxxviii. 26, t. q. JJ«te-»

and «i^U, i. e. jesting, or joking ; (sec ^ JJa;
aI; ju»-, or Jiaj ;) or saying what is untrue : and
playing, or sporting, and <&nn<r tAai t'n which is
no profit ; as also * JJ»W, q. v.] : (K :) one who
jests, or jokes, in his discourse : one n>/*o it
diverted from that which would bring profit in
the present life or in that which is to come:
(TA:) idle; unoccupied: (S, Msb:) or exceed-
ingly, or extremely, idle : (KL :) or unoccupied
and lazy; as also *jXJi». (Mgh.) [In the
present day it is commonly used as signifying
Bad, worthless, and useless; applied to a man
and to anything.] = See also JJa*.

J±(l contr. of J». ; (S, K ;) i. e. False, un-
true, wrong or incorrect, fictitious, spurious,
unfounded, unsound, (KL,) vain, unreal, naught,
futile, worthless, useless, unprofitable, (KL, PS,)
devoid of virtue or efficacy, ineffectual, null, void,
of no force, or of no effect; (Msb;) that proves,
when inquired into, or investigated, to be false,
wrong, unfounded, unsound, or not established;
applying to a saying, and [sometimes] to a deed :
(TA :) [going for nothing, as a thing of no
account, or as a thing that has perished or become
lost : (see the verb, 1, first sentence :) often used
as a subst, meaning a false, or vain, saying, or
assertion, or allegation ; a lie; a falsehood: and
a false, or vain, deed, or action, or affair, or
thing ; &c. :] and *jiv is syn. therewith, (Ham
p. 114,) and so are * S^l and t ajli^J • (K :)
the* pi. of JiW is Jfc£; (Msb;) and JLJ
occurs as a pi. of the same ; (Ham p. 3G0 ;) or its
pi. is j*l»W'> contr. to analogy, (S, Msb,) as
though the sing, were J-ix>] > (S ;) or, accord.

to AHat, this is pi. of * il^lul, or, as some say,
of * aJlk^t , (M.,lb,) or, accord, to As and AHat
and IDrd, of both these; (TA;) and signifies^ £«:,
or vain, sayings and actions or deeds. (K in art
jJ., &c.) You say, y>l»\i oii j3 [Tkou hast
said a false, or vain, saying; a lie; a falsehood];

like as you say, U»- oJL» jJ. (Ham p. 360.)
And JtUW ^Ul j£»1 o$Si>C [They devour
the possessions of men by false pretence]. (Kur
ix. 34.) And * U^l ^i and * liliJ) [Between
them is false, or vain, speech, or discourse, ice] ;
syn. JU>b. (K.) _ The belief in a plurality of
Oods : so explained as occurring in the Kur
xlii. 23. (TA.) _ See also Jit-., in two places.
[Hence,] "}U>1> In play , or sport ; acting unpro-
filably ; or aiming at no profit. (Jel in iii. 188
and xxxviii. 26.) — — JJ»UI Hjlees : bo in the
Kur [xxxiv. 48], where it is said, JJ»UI iVj^g U

* * * * m ' *

Jt*i Uj [explained in art I ju] : (Katadeh, K :)
and again [xli. 42], where it is said, <ujC •>)

****■ »>• "^5 *iJ* Otf O* JJfV'j [accord, to
some,] meaning that Iblees shall not add to the
Kur-an nor diminish therefrom : (TA :) ♦ aJJ^
[is its pi., and] signifies devils: (A,TA:) or
enchanters. (O, KO

iJUvJ: )
3^.1: )

219

see JJ>W ; for each in three places.

JJal» One wAo «ay« a t/an^ t'n w/u'c/j m no
trwrA, or reality : (Er-Rdghib, TA :) one who
embellishes speech with lies. (Bd in xxx. 08:)
one who says, or does, false, or vain, things.
(Jel ibid.] [Sec also its verb, 4.]

J$aJU : see Jit/-

*Jb!> (S,K) and^Uv, (K,) the latter allow-
able accord. !o IAar, (TA,) The .l^o*. i-o. [or
yVuir of the terebinth-tree, to which this latter
appellation is given in the present day, i. c., of
the pistacia terehinthus of tke botanists] ; (S, K ;)
so accord, to the people of El-' Aliych ; and the like
is said on the authority of As : (TA :) or the
tree tliereof; (K ;) [which is called ^j in the
present day ;] so accord, to AHn ; and he says,
but no one has told me that it grows in the land
of the Arabs ; but they assert that the j^o [mean-
ing the cancamum-tree, also called >W,^>, but
said by IAar to be the ttjtbtk <L».,] is nearly
like it : (TA :) its fruit is heating, diuretic,
strengthening to the venereal faculty, good for
tke cough, and for the [disease of the face called]
iyii, and for tke kidney; and the overspreading
of the kuir with its dry and sifted leaves causes
it to grow, and beautifiet it. (K.)

1. ^Lt, aor. -', (K.) inf. n. iU^, (TA,) He
(a man) was, or became, big, or large, in the
belly, (K,TA,) in consequence of much eating.
(TA.) — And k >kJ, aor. -, inf. n. <>l4 He (a
man) was, or became, big, or large, in the belly,
in consequence of satiety, (S,TA,) and disordered
therein : (TA :) he was, or became, in a state
of repletion, or much filled witk food. (TA.)«_
__ And [hence,] j^tu signifies also I i. q. j£A
and jiaki [He exulted, or exulted greatly, or ex-
cessively, and behaved insolently and unthank-
fully, or ungratefully: &c.]. (TA.)_^ i/«
(a man, S, TA) had a complaint of, or a disease
in, or a pain in, kit belly. (S, Mfb, TA.) =
't&t, (S,K,) aor. * , (S,TA,) inf. n. C>U (TA,)
He struck, or beat, kit belly; as also <*J ^>lv,
(S, K>) accord, to some, or the J is added [only]
in verse ; (S ;) and • <u£u, (KJ inf. n. v^kS.
(TA.) __ It (a disease) entered into him : [as
though it penetrated into his belly : se« 10 : ] in
this sense it has for its inf. n. 0>^v- (TA.)
And Lr »-JI *W C wi lN *»• y«w produced an
effect within him. (TA.)__7/e entered into it;
namely, a valley; (S, TA;) in which sense it
has for its inf. n. ^£^ ; and ♦ aJLj signifies the
same : or the latter, he went about in it; namely,

the valley ; as also V *ik$jmA. (TA.) l [He

penetrated into it mentally;] he knew it; (Msb,
K, TA ;) namely, the news or story, or the state
or case, of another : (K , TA :) J he knew tke in-
ward, or intrinsic, state or circumstances thereof;
(S,Msb,TA;) i.e., of a case, or an affair; (S,

28*

o*

TA;) u also t^uk^l : (£, A, TA:) and t^kJ
t he entered into it so that he knew its inward,
or intrintic, slate or circumstances. (Ham p. 688.)

■ * * i *

— O*^ (l4v» accord, to the 8 and M, but in
the 5 o$ ^«, (TA,) I JT« A«c«m« one o/ Am
particular, or special, intimates, friends, or awo-
rtato, (§, $, TA,) entering into his affair [or
a/fain] : (TA :) or */ AL^, aor. * , inf. n. rjAxj
and iiU»v, means f A« entered into his affair [or

ajfairf]. (TA.) And ,^, (Ms b, $,) aor. 4 ,

said of a thing, (Msb,) It mas, or became, «n-
apparent, hidden, concealed, or covert; (£,TA;)
r«n/r. of'jfi. ( Msb.) _ See also 4.

2. *i!Lf, inf. n. ^>kJ : see 1. — See also 4.

— Zfc jnrt a AJUy, i. e. a lining, to it ; namely,
a garment, or piece of cloth ; (8, K ;) as also
* a-Iv'- (K . ) __ «:,» 1 ^>iu, inf. n. as above,
He tooh, or cut off, from that part of his beard
which was beneath the chin and lower jaw. (8h,
Nh, TA.) Accord, to the copies of the £, o^Uy
* k — -Ul signifies the n©< doing so : but this is
wrong. (TA.)

i. <7- ajjjl^ [ a PP- a rn,f> -

3. 1- ;»lo c iw
transcription for «3jjLi, meaning fl consulted
with my companion in order to know what was
in his mind], (TA.)

«• JeM l>V, (IAar,S,¥.) inf. n. J^t, (S,)
He bound, or made fast, the camel's &\Lf [or
belly-girth]; (§,£;) as also T <uL>, accord, to
the copies of the K ; but this is a mistake for

8.

asui

,jL^\ ijle aiUI c.IUrjl / assisted the she-
camel in bringing forth, or delivered her of her
young, ten times. (S, TA. [Golius and Freytag
render the verb by " ventre enixa fuit :" and the
former renders the phrase above (incorrectly
printed in his Lex.) by " peperit camela decern
vicibus."])

10. ^jjUI ijU.:.A He sought to find what
young was in the belly of the mare. (TA.) —

j"fh\ jJLiM C^t^ 1 The stallion covered the
she-camels raising their tails, so that they con-
ceived, or received his seed into their wombs ; as
though [meaning] he deposited his seed in their
bellies. (TA.)_«uk^<l He, or it, entered [or
penetrated] into his, or its, belly, or interior ; [or
was, or became, or lay, within it;] like as the
vein enters [or penetrates] into [or lies within]
(i>kl£li) the flesh. (A, TA.) You say, cJklill

»,Jj| [I entered, or penetrated, into tfie thing,
whether actually or mentally], (S.) See 1, in
two places. — See also 4, in two places. __

v^',

aor. ' , inf. n. ^jix/ ; which last verb,

however, though said by Az to be a dial, var.,
is disallowed by IAar and by AHcyth. (TA.)
— ^— i£» J|JI c-lkjl (S, TA) I put the
sword beneath my waist. (TA.) And & ^ ,-t
-Oj-i to Mb fi7« maife Au word to be his * iLLy
[app. meaning his Mcret companion]. (TA.)
[This seems to be from die phrase next follow-
ing.J_J^.j)l o-Jcul t-» marfe <A« man to be
one of my particular, or special, intimates,
friends, or associates ; (§, TA ;•) took him as a
A3 lis-. (TA.) One says also, JLij3 U^i ^ouk^t
(Ham p. 688 ; [there rendered by <u-a*U-, app.
a mistranscription for <:^«-»A ; meaning \I took,
or cAow, «ir A a one particularly, or specially,
for my companion, in preference to thee: it is
said in explanation of the phrase ** ■ Lk~L~4,
which seems to mean t taking my sword as my
special companion, or putting it beneath my waist;
so that a*_. ▼ ^ h .. r , ,1 is similar to one, or both,
of two phrases mentioned above in this para-
graph.]). See also 2.

0. <J**? He filled the [meaning Ail] belly.
(Har p. 176.) _ iijV ^L^ (Sh,8,TA) He
made his <jL* to be in contact with that of a
girl, skin to skin : (8h, TA :) or inivit puellam ;
i. e. y £*»i £#. (TA.)_*Jfll &Lj He

was, or became, in the middle, or midst, of the
herbage : (TA :) or he went round about in tke
herbage. (8.) See also 1, in two places.

6. e>J»W3 It (a place) was far-extending ; one
part thereof being remote from another. (TA.)

juu ^ i also signifies The having, or holding,
[a thing] concealed within. (PS.) [This expla-
nation seems to be given to show that, in the
opinion of the author of the PS, >.<±JI fla^l
in the S means I had, or held, the thing concealed
within.]

^Lkf The belly, or abdomen ; i. e. the part of
the body which is separated from the Oy»> [i. e.
chest, or thorax,] by the w>U-*- [i. e. midriff, or
diaphragm] ; containing the liver and the spleen
and the stomach and the lower intestines $c. ; (Zj
in his " Khalk cl-Insan ;" [in which it is errone-
ously said to comprise also the lungs ;]) contr. of
j^ii ; (S, Msb, K ;) of a man and of any animal :
(TA :) of the masc. gender, (S, ]£,) and, accord.

to AO, fem. also : (AHat, S :) pi. s jlaj\ and 0»W
(Ax, Msb, K) and olL^ ; (K ;) the first a pi. of
pauc. ; and the second [as also the third] a pi.
of mult., applied to more than ten. (Az, TA.)
[Hence,] ±>&\ & [What is in the belly: but
generally meaning] excrement, ordure, or dung.
(K,TA.) You say, JLt «i ^1 He (a man)
ejected his excrement, or ordure. (TA.) And

9 * * • 'ft

V^tu IJ oJUl SAe (a woman, TA) brought forth ;

* +i* ******

(K ;) as also lyJsu Oli wjuoj : (TA in art ji :)
and she (a hen) laid an egg. (K.) And l> O^i
\iJoti, (T and Mgh in art j£*,) and [elliptically]

VylW ^>r^>, (T and A and Mgh in that art.,) She
(a woman) brought forth many children. (T in
that art) And it is said in a prov., (TA,) ^jJI
xdxj icSi itlij [The wolf is envied for what is

* * *^ * *

in his belly] : for one never thinks him to be
hungry, but only thinks him to be in a state of
repletion, because of his hostility to men and
cattle, (A'Obeyd, K,) though he is sometimes
distressed by hunger. (A'Obeyd. [See various
readings of this prov. in Freytag'" s Arab. Prov.
i. 600 and 501 .]) s jix> ^ cJU, a phrase occur-
ring in a trad., means She (a woman) died in
childbirth. (TA.) See also ^4v- *^t OJ d°&
means fSuch a one is solicitous for his belly. (Er-
Raghib, TA in art ^y^.) [Many phrases in which

[Book T.

the word i jMf occurs will be found explained
under other words of those phrases; as j^i, and
SdJ, and j^Laft, &c] OjJjl ,>C: see iujjl.
_Also The inside, or interi.or, of anything;
syn. ijyk. : and so *i>l»W; syn. J*f.ti : (# :) pi.
of the former as above. (TA.) Thus jl^ ^L^
means 2*Ac interior of a mater-course or river-
bed [or valley; i. e. to bottom, in which flows,
occasionally or constantly, Us torrent or river].
(MA.) And i£« % jis^ means The interior of
Mehkeh. (Bd in xlviii. 24.) [Hence,] it is said
of the Kur-dn, v >Jgy) ^Ji lyJU i<l JX), meaning
t To every verse thereof is an apparent sense and

99 *

a sense requiring development. (TA.) [See jyii.]
See also o^V- [And its pi. o^K 1 is tdso used as
a sing., meaning The middle, or midst, of a
thing: and the lower, or lowest, part, or the
foundation. Thus,] alLjt £lJb^ means jTAs
middle, or mititt, o/ Paradise : (S, TA :) and
cA>«Jl (J^**» ^* lower, or lowest, part, or <Aa
foundation, of the ^>jc [vulgarly held to be the
throne of God]. (TA.) You say also [ J&\ ^Li
and] oi£M '^^JaV f^V/e /xj/m q/" <A« Aa?irf [opposed

to Ujyb and UJaU>]: and [>>jJut J^ty' and]
>jJUt "^^v 1 7Vic sole of the foot [likewise op-
posed to li^U and UJ*U»] : (Zj in his " Khalk-
cl-Insiin :") and jiUJ! ^>tv (S in art j~ i) and
>UJI ♦ v >i.W (M and ?: in that art) t [2V*c «o&
of the solid hoof;] the part of the solid hoof in
which is the y~i, q. v. (S and M and K in that
art) Ao*iy> ^^Lu is well known [as another name

*** t * * A

for tj&1 ^>1=4) explained above ; for £»-ljJI is often

used as syn. with <J*m\] : and JUJI T ^>tlv is

[said to be] fThe part oft/iefoot of a camel or

tlie like that is next the leg : and one says, T ^>bC

• »

Ja/j)t, [meaning + TAe armpit, or hollow of the

inner side of the sltoulder-joint,] but not ^>ley
i^NI : (TA :) [and J&l t l>1>W «Ae tAroat] The

i>h^ of a feather is J The /on^, (S,) or longer,
(1^,) [or wider, i. e. inner,] lateral half: pi.
,jLU^ ; (S, K, TA ;) which is explained as signi-
fying the parts beneath the shaft: opposed to

J\»M> P 1 - of JCi [q. T.J. (TA.) Also A low,

or depressed, tract, or portion, of land, or ground;
(§,TA;) and so '^W: (TA:) [or a bottom,
or tow land; or a &>w, soft flat; i. e.] *o/r, plain,
./me, fow /and or ground; opposed to j^Ja [q. v.]:
(TA in art. jyii :) pi. of the former, (S,) or of

the latter, (5,) o*^V» (?» ?») a P 1 - of mu,t -»
(TA,) and i-la^l, (^,) a pi. of pauc, and ano-
malous [as pi. of either]: (TA:) the former pi.,
in relation to land, is also used as a sing., like ,j±xj :
(AHn, TA :) and accord, to ISh, ^f'})\ o^
signifies *A« low, or depressed, tract, or tracts, of
land, of the plain, or soft, parts thereof, and of
the rugged, and of the meadows, where water
rests and stagnates : and such tracts are also
called ^1^ and o&. (TA.) — ;Cjt ok
and ;U~Jt j^ii both signify t The apparent, visible,
part of the sky. (Fr, T voce £i [q. v.].)»bA1so

Book I.]

I A tribe fcV.W that which it termed £1*3 : (S,

Mnb, $, TA :) or next below the 5jC* : (S and

• •« - '

TA voce vy*i», &c. :) or freforo *A« J-i-i and above

the ljl»*: (K: [but for this I have found no
other Authority :]) of the raasc. gender : (TA :)

or [properly] fern. : but if ^- [said by some to
signify a tribe, absolutely,] be meant thereby, it
is masc. : (Msb :) or fern, if used in the sense of
iW : (TA :) pi. [of pauc] J^land [of mult]

0&. (Msb, £.) [See^I*.]

oi* Diseaee of the belly, (K, T A,) being a
etate of enlargement thereof arising from satiety;
and so to-kv ; whence the phrase o^V °'"* He
died by the disease of the belly. (TA.)

i>ly One wAoje ofy'ec* of tare, or anxiety, is
his belly: (K:) or mho has an inordinate desire,
or appetite, for food ; (8;) a7»ym nothing causes
care, or anxiety, but his belly; (8, TA ;) as also
♦jjlLj* : (TA :) or the former, (TA,) or *the latter,
(8,) e»«" Jar<7«, or 6i'<7, in the belly in consequence
of much eating : (8, TA :) or '♦both signify vora-
cious; not ceasing from eating. (K.) — And
[hence,] I One who exults, or exults greatly, or
excessively, and behaves insolently and untkanh-
fully, or ungratefully: (TA :) or who does so,
being abundant in wealth. (K, TA.)

i«is> Repletion ; the state of being much filed
with food (8, K) and drinh. (So in a copy of the
8.) It is said in a prov., 2±Lii\ 4-aJJ LLj\
[Repletion banishes intelligence]. (TA.)_And
[hence,] J Exultation, or great or excessive exulta-
tion, and insolent and unthankful, or ungrateful,

behaviour. ( K, TA.) [Hence also,] J^ ^

sjShfi iSuch a one died with his wealth complete,
not having expended, or dispensed, anything
thereof: or, accord, to A'Obeyd, this prov. re-
lates to religion, and means t lie went forth from
the present world in a state of integrity, without
any infringement of his religion. (TA.) [See also
^i-aju, in two places.] [Hence also,] <o Op
A;k.)l tllichness caused him to exult, or «kuZ*
greatly, or excessively, and to behave insolently
and unthankfully, or ungratefully. (TA.)

JUkJI t. 9. ^ jJI [7'Ae back, hinder part, poste-
riors, &c.]. (TA.)-p.i£>iyi oUW 2%s roaA,
or beaten tracks, of the valley. (TA.)

ij^ [The belly-girth of a camel: or] the^trfA
o/tAe [kind of saddle called] v^-ii, (S, K,) which
is put beneath the belly of the camel, and is like
the j&JcZ to the jl-j : (S :) or the girth of the
[saddle called] jLy. (Msb:) pi. [of pauc] UL^f
and [of mulL] J^. (I£.) [Hence,] UJL cJUJt
^Uo-JI [TA* too rings of the belly-girth met] : said
of a case, or an affair, that has become severe,
strait, or distressing. (S.) And &\lxJ\ <J kijc JjLj
\A man in ample and easy circumstances; or in
an easy, or a pleasant, state or condition; or easy,
or unstraitened, in mind. (K, TA. [See also art.

•>;*•]) And p*M t>¥.j* >*i 0$ •^» l *> mean-
ing, accord, to A'Obeyd, iSuch a one died broad
in the fleshy parts (>»>&M)j nothing of him

having gone. (TA. [But this seems to be said of
a man's dying in a state of opulence: see Frey tag's
Arab. Ptot. ii. 601.])

^J*t, applied to a man, (K,) Big, or large, in
the belly; (S,£;) as also t,jlk~»: the former
occurs, in a description of 'Alee, used as an
epithet of praise : and signifies also big, or large,
in the belly in consequence of much eating : and
having the belly full; as also * the latter: pi. of

the former ,jl^. (TA.) Hence, \FuU; applied

to a purse [to.], (TA.) You say ^Jibt ^y JatJ
t [lit. A man having the pair of provision-bags
full] ; meaning t a man mho conceals his travel-
ling-provision in a journey, and eats that of his
companion. (TA.)_ t Far; far-extending. (8,

£, TA.) 80 in the phrase j>Ui *&> t [A far-
extending heat, or single run to a goal or limit],
(8, TA,) and Oc^v *r* [signifying the same].

(TA.) f Wide, and low, or depressed; applied

to a tract of land or ground. (Ham p. 600. )

&JaJ\ One of the Mansions of the Moon; (S,
K ;) namely, the Second ; (Kzw, &c. ;) three
small stars [e and ir and v], (S, K,) disposed in
the form of an equilateral triangle, (S,) as though
they mere three stones whereon a cooking-pot is
placed, and forming the belly of the Ram ; (S,
K;) the appellation being made a diminutive
because the Ram consists of many stars in the
form of a ram ; [so I here render J-^»- though it
properly signifies a lamb ;] the \J\j*j£> being its
two horns ; and the i>#W> '** helly ; [or, accord,
to our configuration of Aries, the rump ;] and the
l^j, its rump, or tail ; (8 ;) three obscure stars,
forming the points of a triangle, in the belly of
the Ram, between the ,jlt>i and the l>j-> ; (Kzw,
Mir-at ez-Zeman, &c. ;) the three stars of which
tmo are on the tail and one on the thigh of the
Ram, forming an equilateral triangle. (Kzw in

his description of Aries.) [See j+ii\ JjU«, in
art. dp.] The Arabs assert that it has no «y
[here meaning effect upon the weather], except
wind. (TA.)

JJUk* The lining, or inner covering, of a gar-
ment, or piece of cloth [&c] ; contr. of «jlyi» ;
(8, Msb, K ;) as also t ilt C : (JK in art. ^ii:)

pi. of the former o5l£*- (TA.) iA secret (K,

TA) that a man conceals. (TA.) One says,
ijyXi iiUa^ ji yk, i. e. \lle is one mho possesses
knowledge of tke inward, or intrinsic, state or
circumstances of the case, or affair, of suck a one.
(TA.) _ I A particular, or special, intimate,
friend, or associate ; (8, £, TA ;) one who is
particularly distinguished by entering into, and
becoming acquainted with, the inward, or in-
trinsic, state or circumstances of one's case or
affair; (T A ;) an intimate and familiar friend
or associate ; (Zj, TA ;) a confidential friend,
who is consulted respecting one's circumstances :
(TA :) it is from the same word in the sense first
explained above, relating to a garment, or piece
of cloth : (Mgh, Er-Raghib :) and is used in a
pi. sense, as meaning intimate and familiar
friends or associates, to whom one is open, or
unreserved, in conversation, and mho know the

221

inward state or circumstances [of one's com or
affair] : (Zj, T A :) or one's family ; and one's
particular, or special, intimates, friends, or asso-
ciates. (Mgh.) You say, ^Uv y» I [He is my
particular, or special, intimate, ice.] : and ^h
yJ2\Lt and fJSlLt J*! \[They are my partir
cular, or special, intimates, Ac.]. (A, TA.) See
also 4. — . Coupled with If}*, it signifies What
is put beneath [tke things that compose tke main
load of a camel], such as a mater-skin and the
like. (TA.) See also AiWl^.

,jJ»l^ Unapparent; hidden ; concealed ; covert:
(5, TA:) [and inward; inner; interior; in-
ternal; intrinsic; esoteric: in all these senses]
contr. o/wkli. (Msb,TA.)—>if c>H [Tke
inward, or intrinsic, state or circumstances, of a
case or an affair] ; (TA, &c. ;) [and so y*\ \>*/ >

whence the phrases,] allsy »y»\ jfb ^->j*^ t[2f«
displayed, or laid open, to me the outward state
or circumstances of his case or affair, and tke
inward state or circumstances thereof] ; and j*
jyo^t (jJsv vj*~* t [He is one who possesses
experience of the inward, or intrinsic, state or
circumstances of affairs], as though he hit their
bellies by his knowledge of their true, or real,

states or circumstances. (TA.) o^M 1 [The

internal, inward, or intrinsic, state, condition,
character, or circumstances, of a man : and the
heart, meaning the secret thoughts; the recesses
of tke mind; tke state of mind; the inmard, or
secret, disposition of tke mind: opposed tOj*Ufc|i.
__ Also,] an epithet applied to God, meaning
He mho knows the inward, or intrinsic, states or
circumstances of things: (S :) or He who knows
tke secret and hidden things : or He who is veiled
from the eyes and imaginations of created beings.

(TA.)-_[&V Covertly; secretly.] See also

• P -■ ~ s -

0-«v> i» eight places. __ |>1»V> also signifies A

water-course, or place in which mater flows, in

rugged ground: pi. o^v (?) and ,>L^. (TA.)

ili>W : see iiu^ Also The middle, and the

' ''J

retired part, of a »jy& [i. e. province, or district,

or city] : in the copies of the K erroneously
written ▼ iiUw, and explained as meaning the
"middleofaJy**." (TA.)

1 ftS

i>U/>)t A certain vein in the interior of the
arm of tke horse; one of tmo veins which are
called O^V^ 1 '• ( s accord, to AO, these are
tmo veins that penetrate into tke interior of the
arm until they become hidden among the sinews
of tke shank. (TA.)

1, applied to a man, Lank in the belly :
(8, £, TA :) fem. with J. (8.) — Applied to a

horse, White in tke bach and belly. (K.)

Lined; having a iiliu put to it. (TA.)

£Us*« : see o***t m tw0 places : and see l >iy,
in three places.

Oi^r* Having a complaint of or a disease in,
or a pain in, his belli/ : (S, Mgh, Msb, K :) one
mko dies of disease of his belly, as dropsy and the
like : such is reckoned a martyr. (TA.)

222

1. U»v, aor. ykL;, is said by Z and Meyd to
signify He, or it, wat, or became, wide : and
hence iel»W» meaning a }y*M. (TA.)

4 : see what next follows.

i£f, with kesr, is a word mentioned by Sb ;
(K ;) but ISd says, " I know not to what it is
applied, unless * c.ln/l be a dial. var. of OUa^l,
(K, TA,) like as C^V^I is of olL>l; in
which case it is thence derived as meaning The
state [of being slow, &c] ; and is not to be
regarded as formed by substitution [of ^ for »],
because that would be cxtr. :" so in the M :
(TA :) it is asserted, however, in the S and the
Fs and the J ami' cl-Loghah of Kz and in other
lexicons, that one should not suy, cJk«l, with
^j, but cALfi, with .. (MF.TA.)

JUl/ part n. of ILj, mentioned above, accord,
to Z and Meyd. (TA.)

a^l>V A certain vessel; (S ;) a i^-li [or vessel
into which wine is put] ; (A A, 8, Mgh, K ;) a
large vessel of glass, which it filed with wine,
or beverage, and placed amid the drinkers, rolio
ladle out from it [into their cupt], (Az, Mgh,
TA,) and drink : (Ax, TA :) [o tvine-vase, of
glatt or of earthenware; an amphora; an earthen
jar; now applied to a vessel of this kind into
which wine and oil <fc. are put :] said to be an
arabicixed word: (TA:) [J says,] "I think it
to be arabicixed:" (S :) but accord, to Z and
Meyd, it is from 1. as mentioned above. (TA.)

J*

1. Cf^isy, [aor. - , inf. n. jLj,] said of a woman,
[She had a jLf (q. v.), or a long Ji* ; or] site
watuncircumcited. (Msb.) [But see Ji*, below.]
__ And jiii, inf. n. jit*, He had what it termed
a IjSkt [q. ▼.] tn hit upper lip. (S.)

S. O/ky, inf. n. j > h .">, She circumcised a

female. (£.)_ *£•£ ^ >* < M ' *3 He
says to him, i>^ 'Ji* JaJjl\ : (K :) a prov. of
the Arabs. (TA.)

jbj, (Lh, T, 8, M, &c,) also pronounced j^xj,
(T,) and * ijU* [which see below] (Lh,T,8,
M, £) and t j,UkJ (M, $) and *>£ (Lh, T, M,
£) and t^ f (£,) A certain thing, (8, M,
Mgh, K,) or piece offleth, (A,) between the two

tide* of the vulva (^U£^t, 8, M, K, or jtj&\,
A, or r-J*)l l>^, Mgh) o/* a woman, (M, A,
Mgh, $,) which it cut off in circumcision, (A,)
not yet cut off; (8 ;) a jnrctf offleth between the two
tide* of the vulva (^\jkli\) of a woman ; i. e.
the prepuce (<UA?) that it cut off in circumcision;
(Msb;) alto called 0«& ana ^jj» } and oy
(Lh, T) and ^Ji [which last properly signifies
the "prepuce," or "sheath," of a beast or horse
or the like] ; (A and ly in art. y>J;) and likened
to a cock's comb : (Msb in art. o>t :) [the last
of these explanations plainly shows that what is
meant thereby it the prepuce of the clitoris ;

which, it seems, in the Arabian and Egyptian
races, and others throughout Eastern Africa, and
still more so in the Hottentot race, grows to an
extraordinary size ; and this may be the reason
why the jJgy is described by some travellers as
a caruncle for which we have no name : or it may,
perhaps, be a distinct excrescence from the, pre-
puce of the clitorit: it has been described to me
as a caruncle a little in front of the meatus
urinariut : many of the Egyptians assert that it
is the clitorit itself that is amputated, (as Ludolph
also does in his Comment, to his Ethiop. Hist,
p. 273, finding fault with those who say other-
wise ;) and they affirm that this is done for the
purpose of lessening the libidinous passion : such,
indeed, appears to be the case in some instances,
but not generally ; and it may have led to a mis-
application of the term jikf in post-classical times:
an analogous practice, one still more barbarous,
is said to have obtained among an African race
hence called the Colobi : see j^jj : Abu-1-Kosim
Ez-Zahrdwec speaks of the amputation of the re-
dundance of the j^u when preternatural ly large,
and also of an excrescence in the vulva: the
former he describes in such a manner as plainly
shows that he means thereby the clitorit : the
| latter, in terms apparently indicating a preter-
natural elongation of the lower part of the pre-
puce of the clitoris ; as " an excrescence of flesh
at, or in, the mouth of the vulva, such as fills it
up, and sometimes protrudes externally, like a
tail, wherefore the ancients term it the caudal
disease (^^jJJI ^e^\); and this,"' he says,
" should be amputated, like as the jixf is ampu-
tated" when preternaturally large : (Albucasis de
Chirurgia, pp. 314 and 316 :) in some of our
medical books, the term " caudatio" is definrd
as " an elongation of the clitoris ;" inconsistently
with the foregoing description of " the caudal
disease :"] the pi. [of mult.] of Jkj is j>W, (M,
Msb, K,) and [pi. of pauc] ^k/l. (Mgb.) ^1 b
j^iaJI AikJLa [0 son of her who amputates
jjixt !] is an expression of contumely employed
by the Arabs whether the mother of the person
addressed be really a circumciser of iemales or
not. (TA.)

^Jsljp The having a jia^ : (T, S :) or the having
a long j£u : (K :) a subst., (K,)-or an inf. n.,
(T,) having no -verb, (T, M,*) because it denotes
an inherent quality, not one that is accidental.
(T.) [But see O^.]

Sjii^/, or ijioj : see »jUsl>.
ij\ii4 : see jhj.

ij\^u The lower extremity, (M,) or a thing in
the extremity, (8, ]£,) or a protuberant, or pro-
minent, thing in the louver part, (Lh, T, M,) of
the vulva (Lh,T, 8, M) of a ewe or goat, (Lh, T,
S, M, ]£>) or camel, (Lh, T,) and any animal.
(M.) It is metaphorically used by Jereer in
relation to a woman. (M.) See ji&y. __ Also,
(Lh, S, T, M, &c.,) and » t£, (M, £,) or t !#,
(IAar,T,) The thing (M,£) protuberant, (M,)
or a protuberant thing, (S, A, Mgh,) in the
upper lip, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) tn the middle
thereof, (M, A, Mgh, K,) when it is somewhat
long, (S,) or tomewkat large : (M :) or a pro-

[Book I.

tuberance in the lip : (IAar, T :) when not long,
it is called i*jJ*- : (S :) it is not every one that
has it: (Mgh':)' dim. *i^W. (T.)

Sjtlaj : see what next precedes.

jijoj t A long-tongued, (M,) clamorous woman :
(M, K: [in the Cl£, erroneously, with »:]) but
some say y.^i [q. v.]. (M.) [Sce^^l.]

jiekij : see jii^.

jibtj : see jit*/. __^U^j \j is an expression of
contumely addressed to a female slave. (K.)

jiik/\ A man uncircumcited. (M, K.) And the
fcm., i\ji*i, A woman, (T, S, Msb,) or a female
slave, (M, ]£,) having a J04 ; (T, S, Msb ;) or
having a long j&y : (M, K :) or a woman uncir-
cumcited t (Mgh :) pi. *ji!(. (T.) «iJ&JI ^* U
O ton of the uncircumcited woman ! is an expres-
sion of contumely. (Mgh.)_— A man having

. » j
wliat it termed a SjUiy in hit upper lip ; (S, A,

Mgh;) [i.e.] fiaving a i*^ somewhat long;
(S in art. j»ji»- ;) having a long (T, M) and pro-
jecting (M) upper lip, with a protuberance in
the middle of it. (T, M.) — — Accord, to 6ome,
tClamorout; long-tongued. (Mgh.) [Sec jjj^/.]

jiL* A circumciter: (M, L:) and »/Ja~o a
womati who circumcises females. (K.)

1. way signifies The removing of that which
restrains one from free action. (TA.) [And
hence,] iSii, (S, A, &c.,) aor. - , (A, ]£,) inf. n.
iJiJ (Mgh,L, Msb.TA) and ±^>, (L, TA,) He
tent him ; (8, A, Mgh, Msb, K ;) namely, a mes-
senger ; (Msb ;) and, when said of God, an
apostle ; (A ;) [and when said of a man, a letter,
&c. ;] as also t*^t : (S, A, M?b,K :) [or] the
former is said of anything that goes, or is sent,
by itself; and of anything that will not go, or
be sent, by itself, as a letter, and a present, one
says, &i vi-ju : (Msb :) [thus,] ±laj signifies he
tent him, or it, alone, by himself, or by itself;
and A/ <£**ii lie tent him, or it, by, or with,
another, or othert: (L:) but El-Farabec says
that the former of these two has another signifi-
cation, which will be found below ; and that the
latter signifies he tent him, or it, (Msb.) Hence,
,^.,- : » ^av-JLA *~>j-o The being tent to the war was
appointed them and imposed upon them at an
obligation. (Msb.) You say, I jib aisu [lie tent
him for tuck a thing or purpose]. (A, TA.)
[And I JSu <UI wij lie sent to him such a thing ;
lit., he sent to him a messenger with such a thing.]
And jjil\ ^t juaJI «£«»y [He tent the army
to the war]. (TA.) And iSP» ^* ^ [He
sent upon them trial, or affliction;] lie canted
trial, or affliction, to befall them. (TA.) _
Also, (A, L, TA,) inf. n. l^t (Mgh, L,TA)
and *±'i; (L) and ^jU-j [an intensive form],
(TA,) He routed him, excited him, or put him
in motion or action ; (A, L, Mgh, TA ;) namely,
anything; (TA;) [i.e. any person or animal;
and particularly,] an animal lying down, or a
person sitting. (L,TA.) You say, J5UI

Book I.]

He rowed, or put in motion or action, the she-
camel; (§, Mgh, 5, TA ;) i. e., loosed the cord
that bound her shank to her arm, and dismissed
her ; or he roused her, or made her to rise, she
beina lying down. (TA.) It is said in a trad,
respecting 'Aisheh, <*J «ji«M l>U ,**-»! li***
[And roe marf« tAe came/ to me, and lo, tlie neck-
lace mas beneath him]. (TA.) You say also,
pfo ^Jjs. &i, (A,) or j^ilt, (L,) He roused
him, excited him, or put him in motion or action,
to do the affair, or thing : (A :) or lie incited
him, urged him, or instigated him, to do the thing.

(L.) Also, accord, to El-F&rabce, (Msb,^ or

**Ul ^y, '*&t, (8, A, $,) inf. n. Hi and «£«*y,
(TA,) He roused him, or awoke him, from his
sleep; (§, A, Msb, $ ;) as also **i>w<; (TA,
from a trad.) _ ii< (S, K, TA) and i^J (TA)
also signify Tlie quickening, vivifying, or revivi-
fying, of the dead ; the raising of tho dead to
life; (S,£,*TA;) by God, (TA,) on the day
called Hi\ j>*it (S, TA) the day {of resurrec-
tion,] when those who are in the graves shall be
raised. (A, Mgh.) You say, JJ-JI M <£«*y,
and ^>JI, God quickened, vivified, revivified,
or raised to life, mankind, and the dead. (TA.)
as i*»v', aor. - , (inf. n. Hi, T£.) lie (a maa,
TA) was sleepless, or roaAe/td. (K,» TA.) [See

5 : see 7, in two places.

8. ly^Ci [They roused, excited, incited, urged,
or instigated, one another; or put one another
in motion or action ; to do a diing]. One says,
«J* IjicUJ ^iJW Ij^ [Unjoin ye, or cAarpe
ye, one another to do good, and rouse ye, or
excite ye, ice, one another to do it]. (A.)

7. j'b/ iI //e oecaroe sent; [i.e. Ac went,
being sent;] quasi-pass, of &i, as signifying "he
sent him :" (S, Msb, ?L :) Ae rose, and went
away : (TA :) he rose to go forth. (Bd in ix. 46.)
You say, tjib w-xJl [He went, being sent., or
lie rose, and went away, or he rose to go forth,
for such a thing or purpose]. (A, TA.) And
«jli) jj^i w-juil <SucA a one rose, and went away,
to perform his affair. (TA.) And ^ w.»-Jl
£j\ He hastened, made haste, sped, or was quick
or swift, in going, journeying, or pace. (S.)
And J^tJt &*J\ i. e. iijJl [The thing became
impelled, or propelled ; or wen* quickly, or swiftly,
as though impelled or projielkd; &c] ; as also
* w-*J. (TA.) [Thus] you say, JUll «i-*yl
[TAe wafer poured out, or /ortA, a* though im-
pelled or propelled]. (T A in art. ^wi j &c.) And
[hence,] 'JSi\ £> ^H*, i- e. w-juil [The poetry
issued quickly from me], as though it flowed
(JC Z\&>): so in the S and $: but in some
of tho copies of the 8, in the place of JL., we
findjC. (TA.) And '^t^~*ii\ [He broke forth
with evil, or mischief]. (JK in art. J^.)^-[He
became roused, excited, incited, urged, instigated,
or put in motion or action.] You say, w~ fo . i l
iSUI 7%e she-camel became roused, or /wt in
motion or action, and rose: (L, Mgh, TA :*)
quasi-pass, of iiUI Hi [q. v.]. (Mgh, TA.)

And H£i ^ o*^Ll£» C>$ [Such a one is slug-
gish, lazy, or indolent : lie mill not become roused,
&c.]. (A.) — He became roused, or awakened,
from his sleep; or he awoke from his sleep. (TA.)

8 : see 1, in two places.

an inf. n. used as a pass. part. n. ; Sent; as
also * «£«e*rf and * 6yut : pi. of the first i>^*/ ;
and of the second £Ji$. (L,TA.) — And [used
as a subst, signifying] A person sent ; a messen-

j;er : pi. O^**' (*"•) You "^ alfK> ' «**" •***"*
♦ -J' i«|t and t AiCft [ JlfoAammad u the best
person that has been sent]. (A.) And t jA~»v
iUi, i. e. * itfy£ [He whom Thou (O Go 1)
hast sent (namely Mohammad) as a boon, or
benefit, or favour]. (L, from a trad. [The latter
word (i»*J) is written in the L without any
syll. signs; but the context shows that it is in
the accus. case as a specificative.]) — A people
sent from one place to another ; as also ♦ w«** :
(L, TA :) a people sent in any direction ; a word
similar to >- and ^>&>y (TA.) jUII £*j,
occurring in a trad., means Tlie people sent to
the fire [of Hell]. (L.) — An army ; (S, M^gh,
Msb, I£ ;) because sent ; (Mgh ;) as also * £^
(K) and t ^( : (TA :) pi. of the first ipaj ;
(S, A, Mgh, Msb, £ ;) and of the last 3^ :
fTA:) the first, [as also the second,] an inf. n. used
as a subst. (Msb.) You say, J^i ^*i ^ C-^>
/ was in tlie army of such a one, that was sent
with him. (S.) And w»ytJI ^ *y£- He went
forth among tlie forces that were sent to the
frontiers. (A.) — See also

see

see
next follows.

3Ut (A, L, K) and *iU>' (L, TA) and ♦,
(L,) or *w^«i, (TA,) Sleepless, or wakeful : ($ :)
a man incessantly, (A,) or often, (TA,) awaking
from his sleep: (A, TA:) a man whose anxieties,
or griefs, incessantly render him sleepless, or
wakeful, and awake him from his sleep : pi.
(TA.)

[inf. n. of un. of 1; and particularly signi-
fying] An occasion, or occurrence, of raising,
rousing, exciting, stirring up, or provoking, of
sedidon, or the like : pi. OUi*. (TA, from a
trad.)

* • •' • i i

si-~aj : see wJt/, ln three places.

w*W [ act - part. n. ofl; Sending: &c — And
hence, Occasioning, or causing : an occasion, or
a cause ; and a motive]. »*.gUI one of die names
[or epithets] of God; The Quickener of mankind
after death, on the day of resurrection. (TA.)

w»j*MI, (L, ]£») or, accord, to some, o*&l«H>
q. v., with the pointed c and the double-pointed
O, (TA,) [The Christian festival of Easter ;]
the .iilill of the Christians; (K;) or [rather]
what is to the Christians as the »U " ..»! tt <o the
Muslims: a Syriac word. (L.)

223

r a noun of place and of time from 1 ; A
pZace,and a <*'»««, of sending: &c. Hence, iS— t <)l
is particularly applied to The time of tlie mission
of Mohammad : and it is also applied to the
mission itself]. (A, TA.)

see w>>4, in three places.

see

Q. 1. 'j&i, [inf. n. %£**,] He took, drew, or
pulled, a thing out, or forth, and uncovered it,
Jatd it open, or exposed it ; (S, K ;) as also jlm-j :
(S :) Ae rawed what was in a thing, (§, £,) and
cawed it to come forth. (S.) Hence, in the $ur
[c. 9], )y$\ ^ U j£t »S* TTAen rAai wAtcA it
in the graves is raised, and caused to come forth :
(AO, S:) [see also >*Lj:] or *• meaning is,
roAen tAe dust, or earth, in the graves is turned
over, and the dead in tliem are raised : (Zj :) or
wAen what is in the graves, of gold and silver,
comes forth ; after which the dead are to come
forth. (Fr.) _ Also He examined; he searched.

(£.) He searched for, or after, or into, news,

or tidings. (TA.)«_ Jfe scattered, or dispersed,
a thing, and turned it over, one part upon another:
(!£:) Ae scattered, or dispersed, his household
goods, or his commodities, (Fr, 8,) and turned
them over, one upon another ; (Fr, Zj, 8 ;) as also
'£L+, (Fr, S,) and Ji^. ( Yaakoob.) — He de-
molished a watering-trough or tank, and turned
it upside-down. (AO, S, 1JL.)

, in two places : — and see what

1. '*^t, aor. - , (T, §, A, £,) inf. n. ^, (T,
S,) He slit, ripped, or rent, it, (T, 8, A,£,)
namely, a belly, with a knife, (T, 8, A, TA,) and
moved about tlie knife in it, (T,) so t/iat what was
in it became displaced and apparent, hanging
down ; (TA ;) as also " * *. »,' • (1£.) — C—H¥
lyo-^jj ^iiy t [(SAe brought forth many children
to her husband; i. q. CjjZ : see *-e^]- (&-)^

:A; a) C ■ «; t J disclosed, or revealed, to him
my secret [or my roAote mt'nd]. (A.) Esh-Shem-
m4kh uses the phrase yjJa^\ ^J C ««)» ■ / [mean-
ing the same]. (TA.) — iti oJj»y «Jv signifies
[also] t He took extraordinary pains, or exceeded
the usual bounds, in giving thee sincere, honest,
or faithful, advice, or counsel. (K, TA.) _
tJo jl *-«J t JSe clave, or furrowed, or trenched,
his land. (A.) — Ij^T ,>/}» -liy J ^Te d«<7 tnany
nW& tn <Ae ground. (A.) — V—f O c^j"i)» »-«rf
t jF/c cZaue tAe eartA, or iand, and subdued it :
said of 'Omar, in a trad., alluding to his conquests.

(TA.) UU* £jJt 13 Cnhn :TAe roorW du-

cfo*ed to Aim »»Aat it contained, of treasures, and
other possessions, and spoil : also said of 'Omar,
in another trad. (TA.) — u^j^ *•*■* 0*+* i
^oj^ '£& i\Js. f A tract of good land inter-
vened in the middle of this land [as though cleaving

it]. (L.)__w--»-JI <k»-*v \ Love threw him into
mourning, or sorrow ; brought grief to him :

224

(?» TA :) [or occasioned him interne grief: for]
you say, qfti ^t*. d+jy meaning J the love of
tuck a one occasioned him intense grief, and he
mourned for him: Az says that w^JI a^jU is
more correct than <*^~«y : but he afterwards men-
tions J-.-NJI a^j^ as meaning + the affair caused
him to mourn, or sorrow. (L, TA.)

8: see 1 J$| ji^| ^, (S,) or ^A/fi J,,

(L, TA,) inf. n. *-e*«3, + The rain dug up the
stones of the earth by its vehemence. (8, L, TA.)

5. vU-J| ^V, (8, A ,K,) and t^l, (K,)
jJ**JU (TA,) 1 2Vw cfouoV c&jvs asunder, with,
or fry reason of, rain, (S,A,K,TA,) and t*A«-
ment rain. (TA.)

'■ *-"*i' It [a belly] became slit, ripped, or
rmf. (8,S,TA.) — He had his belhj slit, or
ripped, or renr, with a knife, so that what was in
it became displaced and apparent, hanging down.
(TA.) — See also 5.-_f/< (anything, as, for
instance, a valley,) became wide, or ample. (TA.)
^k»)l ^ iU*j C-i-«^l J [A fall of rain burst

forth]. (A.) And JLjl ^j^il | [The torrent
burst forth]. (A.) fc

'—•*■* [Book I.

inf. n. j«^ ; (L, K ;) and *juv', stranger, or estranged, therefrom : (L, TA :) or

»-«y: see »^«y.^Also fA man rota nxitt*

weahly, as though his belly were slit, or ripped,
or rent. (S,£.)

m*V A belly (8) «/ir, rtp/>«d, or r«nr, (8, $,)
with a knife, (8,) so that what was in it is dis-
placed and apparent, hanging down ; (TA ;) as
also %-*V, thought to be after manner of a rel. n. ;
(L,TA;) andtly£. (8,K.)_Hence,,-l;
mj ttjnpJl, an expression used by Aboo-Dhu-eyb,

meaning J My sincere, honest, or faithful, advice,
or counsel, is liberally, or freely, given to the
generous. (TA. [In a reading given in the S,
>»iy3W >» substituted for j.\j£ii ]) [Or it may
mean { My secret is disclosed, or revealed, to the
generous: or my whole «»«w ] . » £**■ is also
applied to a man, and, without 5, to a woman, as
signifying Having the belly slit, ripped, or rent,
with a knife, so that what was in it is displaced
and apparent, hanging down: pi., masc. and fern.,
\j***i. (TA.)__And [hence,] fA woman who
has brought forth many children QjAj -."-* ty,
and OjJ, [see 1, and see art. j£,]) to her hus-
band. (If..)

*3^s\l fThe wide part of a valley; (S,K;)
the place where it becomes wide. (TA.)^ Also
+ Plain, or soft, land, that produces [the plant
called] yjoj : or the extremity of a tract of sand,
and of plain, or soft, land, [extending] to what is
termed <JU [or high, or high and rugged, ground] :
and [the pi.] -_5 1^> signifies places, in sand, which
are of little depth [of sand], and which, if ^cS
grow therein, are of least depth, and best. (TA.)

and jju, aor.

inf. n. >U^t, which is also trans.; (Msb;) and
*^ftU3 ; (S, Msb, K ;) and tj*^| .' (S, K, &c. ;)
He, or it, was, or became, distant, remote, far
off, or aloof: he went, or removed, or retired, or
withdrew himself, to a distance, or far away,
or far off: he alienated, or estranged, himself:
he stood, or hept, aloof: contr. of L>£ : (S, L :)
[but jj^ generally has the first of these sig-
nifications ; and t ju^l, the others, as also I jkcLJ
and tjju^l : ] it is the general opinion of the
leading lexicologists that jl*j, as well as jjy, is
thus used ; but some deny this ; and some assort
that they may be employed alike, but that jjy is
more chaste than jj»J thus used. (TA.) [You
say also, of a desert, and a tract of country, and -
the like, juy, meaning It extended far.] And
J>i»J1 <J* ±t) ".k*rft, meaning *jLfiU3 [i. e. Zeyd
went, or removed, to a distance, or far, from the
place of alighting or abode]. (IKt, Msb.) And
yjU *o*U3, and *J>sut\, and *S*\*j, [He went, or
removed, to a distance, or far, from me; he alien-
ated, or estranged, himself from me ; he shunned,
or avoided, me;] (A;) and ^ji& ^aeUJ [and juu

1. jjv, aor.

inf. n.

• • •

(S,L,M f b,K;)

^y* signify the same]. (Msb in art. -, iA.)
And tj^f 4-UJ! ;U5^<bJ^| jljt i^i, (L, M ? b,)
a trad., (Msb,) meaning When one of you desires
to accomplish tliat which is needful, (i. e. to case
nature,) he goes far, or to a great distance. (L.)
Ana w-A.wi u* » Oju^l, meaning T o»xcU>,
(Msb,) J went far, or <o a great distance, to the
place of ease, i.e., to ease nature. (L.)_[jjiJ
referring to a saying or the like, and an event,
means It was far from being probable or correct;
it was improbable, extraordinary, or strange:
(see j^»i, and see also 10:) often occurring in
these senses.] And *cy ^ tjj^l It reached the
utmost point, or degree, in its kind, or species.
(IAth.) And ^-Jl ^i tjj^t He exceeded the
due bounds in offering a thing for sale and de-
manding a price for it, or in bargaining for a
thing. (A.) — jj^ Ly «_jj» U * jk.\ Recent and
old griefs took hold upon him : a saying similar
to £>jL Uj >jj U »JlA.1. (Mgh in art. j>ji.)
— [jjh is often used, agreeably with a general
rule, in the manner of a verb of praise or dispraise ;
and in this case is commonly contracted into jju .
like o— *- > as in the phrase, in a verse of Iinra-
el-Keys, ^J-tU* U jju (in which U is redundant)
Distant, or fur distant, was the object of my
contemplation I or (as explained in the EM p. 02)

how distant, &c. !] jjj^, aor. - , inf. n. Juu ;

(S, L, Msb,K ;) and jk»v, aor. - , inf. n. ja^J (L,
K j) also signify He, or it, perished: (S, L, Msb:)
he died : (K :) it is the general opinion of the
leading lexicologists that both these verbs are
used as signifying " he perished," and both occur
in different readings of v. 98 of ch. xi. of the JjLur:
the former is said to be used in this sense by some
of the Arabs ; and the latter, by others ; but some
disallow tho latter in this sense ; and some say
that the former is more chaste than the latter thus
used : (TA :) or both signify he became far distant
from his home or native country; became a

the Arabs say, J«»J)t J*i and jju in the sense of
jx-Lj, when not reviling ; but when reviling, they
say, jj^., only. (Yoo, TA.) You say, Juu5 ^

j_jifc Ojuy d\i [Mayest thou not perish though

thou be distant from me!] (A.) [And as an

• * • *

imprecation against a man, you say, Ojj^, mean-
ing Mayest tfiou perish ! (Sec the printed edition
of the ^am, pp. 80 and 90, where cXU ^Uj*^

• -i «,*• * Jkf * * f * * * *

is an evident mistake for C*£U ^c\ Ojjy.)] And
aJ \jju May Ood alienate him, or estrange
him, from good, or prosperity! or, cwr*« him!
(A,*K,TA;) i.e. may ho not be pitied with
respect to that which has befallen him ! like

1' t A J

a) Ua.-< : the most approved way being to put
-v*j thus in the siccus, case as an inf. n. ; but
the tribe of Tetnccm say, a) "jju, and Ja>», like
a) yo"iU. (TA.) as jju is made trans, by means
of [the prejwsition] ^ : sec 4. (Msb.)

2 : sec 4, in four places. _ [You say also,
;$-Jt ,j* ojju He declared him, or pronounced
him, to be far removed from evil.]

3. »js\i He was, or became, [distant, remote,
far off, or aloof, from him ; or] t>* a part, quarter,
or tract, different from that in which he (tho
other) was. (TA in art. w-o-.) — Sec also 4, in
seven places.

4. J*/l, inf. n. >l»yl : sec 1, in seven places.

"*■**&. % M * 1 ';^5) and t;j *^ (& ¥0

inf. n. ijs.lf» and jliy ; (K ;) and * »jjy, (8,
K,) inf. n. J*»«3; (S;) and «^ ♦ Jj^j (Msb;)
//« made, or caused, him, or tr, fo 6e, or become,
distant, remote, far off, or aloof; or to (70,
remove, retire, or withdraw himself, to a distance,
far away, or ,/ar o/p; he placed, or ^ur, at a
distance, or Ae /;u/, or «en(, away, or _/ar away,
or ^r ojf, or As removed fur away, alienated,
or estranged, him, or ft. (S, Msb.) You say,
juj ^c jSuAl t ji*tj [iZemo»c thyself far from;
or «tJcu'(i r/to«, Zeyd] : and JJlc ljuj t j^.^
[J?(fino«e <Aom Zeyd far from thee], (T A, voce
Ljl.) And Uy^rf f Cjjj^, inf. n. j^*y, [/ made
a wide separation between, them two] ; as also
' O jkt L>, inf. n. I jtftL*. (Msb.) And axil * jtcl^

U-^ V I* [-^«y GoJ tnaft* the space between them
two far extending ! may He make a wide sepa-
ration between them two!] ; as also • juy. (TA.)
And O^U-I t^ef *J*k U/;, or T a*/» [O our
Lord, make to be far-extending the spaces between
our journeys ! or, put wide distances between our
journeys!] accord, to different readings [in the
Kur xxxiv. 18] : the former of these is the common
reading : Yaakoob El-Hadramee read t J^vJ ujj
aJt [Our Lord, He hath made to be far extend-
ing Uc.]. (TA.) _ ill? • £3 means May God
alienate him, or estrange him, from good, or
prosperity! or, curse him! (Kj) i.e., may he
not be pitied with respect to that which has be-
fallen him ! (TA.) [You say also,J*.^l M jj^t:
see jsU.] — See also 10. = v l^l)l ^» «jj^t U
[How far is it (namely the saying) from what
is right, or correct !]. (A.)
5 : see - 1.

/

/

Book I.]

6. j*L3 : see 1, in six places. _ [It also sig-
nifies He became alienated, or estranged, from bis
family or friends. __ And Ij«m-U T/iey became
distant, or remote, one from another ; they went,
removed, retired, or withdrew themselves, to a
distance, far away, or far off, one from another;
they removed themselves far, or hept aloof, one
from another.] You say, Ij»xtl3 Ottj&* |yl£»
[They were near, ons to another, and they became
distant, or remote, one from another]. (A.)

8 : see 1.

10. »jju Z i! He reckoned it, or esteemed it,
(namely, a thing, K, or a saying, A,) j^ [i. e.
distant, or remote; or, if a saying or the like,
far from being probable or correct, improbable,
extraordinary, or strange]; (S,A,K;) as also

* «jj«yt. (A.) s See also 1, first sentence, in two
places.

'•'

.**j an adv. n. of time, signifying After, or

afterwards : and allowable also, accord, to some
of the grammarians, as an adv. n. of place, sig-
nifying after, or behind: (TA :) contr. of J*l :
(8, A, K :) it is a vague adv. n., of which the
meaning is not understood without its being pre-
fixed to another noun [expressed or implied] ; de-
noting after-time. (Msb.) When it occurs with-
out any complement, (S, K,) a noun or the like
which should be its complement being intended
to be understood as to the meaning thereof but
not as to the letter, (8,* TA,) it is indecl., (8,
K,) because it resembles a particle, (TA,) and
has damm for its termination to show that it is
indecl., since it cannot have damm by any rule
of desincntial syntax because it cannot occur as
an agent nor as an inchoative or enunciativc.
(§.) Sb, however, mentions [as exceptions to
this rule] the phrases jju y* [Afterwards] and
Ijuv IJjk J*il [7 will do this afterwards], as
having been used by the Arabs. (K,* TA.) [The
latter of these phrases is common in the present
day. Another exception to the rule above-men-
tioned will be found in what follows.] Accord.
to the primary rule, it is used as a prefixed n.
governing its complement in the gen. case ; (8 ;)
[i. e., it is used in the manner of a preposition ;]
and when thus used, it is decl., (K,) because it
does not in this case [always] resemble a particle.
(TA.) You say, ^»* jj^ j^j ;U- Zeyd came
after 'Amr. (Msb.) And S)jju Ailj and ,,>•
i>Ju«y [I saw him after thee], (L.) The words
of the Kur [xxx. 3), o*v ^^ J^ ^ ^1 *&,
meaning To Ood belonged the command before
that the Greeks were overcome and after that
they had been overcome, [thus read when the
complements of J-J and jji/ are intended to be
understood as to the meaning thereof but not as
to the letter,] are also read jjty ,j^j J*5 ^»,
when each complement is intended to be under-
stood as to the meaning and die letter, and also
•*** CH»J cM 0-*t meaning To God belonged, the
command first and last, [when neither complement
is intended to be understood either as to the letter or
as to the meaning,] but the first of these readings
is the best (L.) [You say also, JUi S*j and £**

•iU* jl>v After that : and c Jbti ,jl July and ,>•

w«W (jl ji>v and c J urf U jjl/ and U jju &*
Bk. L

cJuii After I did, or after my doing, such
a thing: &c] Also U ^^ jLty c. t *>, meaning
\Jmjmjj I came after you two. (K.) And C* \JJ*
»SU-Jt jV i^U- »jXi J-J, and Silj^t t >, TAu w
of the things after, or beyond, which there is not
any extreme degree in respect of goodness, and
in respect of badness : and, by way of abridg-
ment, *jjl/ is-*) [with nothing following this] :
and hence, app., the saying of Mohammad, ^y
a) jju *9 i^JJW ir~> U^»> meaning [^4 n</ though]
it be not in the utmost degree in respect of good-
ness: jLty being thus used as a decl. noun. (Mgh.)

[^jl>v and the like are also frequently used as
meaning A»y {JJy* J>*v ana< die like; as in the

phrase, ^jmy 0^*3 «v» J*Aou Aa*t* become altered
since I knew thee, or saw tAee, or met thee, or
wo* with thee. And similar to this are many
phrases in the Kur ; as, for instance, in ii. 48,]

»jl>V o-° J J ?~" , l yjxijl ^r 1 Z«en ye tooA to
yourselves the calf as a god, or an object of wor-
ship, after him, namely Moses, i. e., after his

having gone away. (Bd.) jju Ul (S, K, &c.) is
[an expression denoting transition ;] an expres-
sion by which an address or a discourse is divided ;
(S ;) used without any complement to jju,

which in this case signifies the contr. of j-j :
(TA :) you say, 1 j£=> &\£» jSi jju Ul, meaning
[Now, after these preliminary words, (Abu-1-
' Abbas in TA voce ^Aia^.,) I proceed to say,
that such a thing has happened: or] after my
prayer for thee : (K. :) or after praising Ood :
(TA:) the first who used this formula was David ;
(S;) or Jacob; (TA;) or^Kaab Ibn-Lu-ef ; (K;)
or Kuss Ibn-Sa'ideh; or Yaarub Ibn-Kahtan.
(TA.)__You also use the dim. form, saying
" tj^jL/ [A little after him, or it], when you
mean by it to denote a dme near to the preceding
time. (Msb.) You say also, ^y^ t Olj^^-v a-jIj,
(S, ?,) and * «U1 j^, 0£, TA, [in the CK
<OI Jkfjiv,]) I saw him a little after a separation :
(§, ^ :) or, after intervals of separation : (S, L :)

J m 00 "Ct

or, after a while. (A'Obeyd, A.) And JU > rl lyil
^ni v ot jl^sv Verily she laughs after intervals.
(L.) [See also art. i^.] ^oIjuju is used only as

an adv. n. of time. (S, L.) juu also sometimes

means JVoro; yet; as yet. (TA.) [It is used
in this sense mostly in negative phrases ; as, for
instance, in juiy c^j^ //e A<u not died yet.
The following is one of the instances of its having

tins meaning in affirmntive phrases: 'j~ " ^h

#•# »sl m*0* >at * * ** 'tt

j*j o~o\ *^J *i^} Ujw^iJI 3*^1 ^o The yearling

of the offspring of cows is called ««3 because lie

yet follows his mother : occurring in the Mgh

&c, in art. *->3.] — It occurs also in the sense

of %+; as in the words of the I£ur [ii. 174 and

*■" - i » «* "*t "
v. 95], JJJi jju ^juftl l >«i, i. e., (as some say,

MF,) otjj »-> f^lnd wAoso transgresseth notwith-
standing that ; lit., with that]. (Msb.) _ It has
been said that it also means Before, in time;
thus bearing two contr. significations : that it has
this meaning in two instances; in the Kur
[lxxix. 30], where it is said, Jiii ju«v iv^lj

220

Ul»o [as though signifying And the earth, before
that, He spread it forth] ; and [xzi. 106] where
it is said, j£>JJt jjy ,>• jy>)l ^ Ul£> jJU 3
[as though meaning ylnrf t>en7y roe n>rofe in the
Psalms before the Kur-dn] : (MF, TA :) but Ax
says that this is a mistake ; that God created the
earth not spread forth ; then created the heaven ;
and then spread forth the earth : (L, TA :) and
j^JJI in the latter of these instances means the
Hook of the Law revealed to Moses : (Bd :) or
j>!>jJt means the revealed Scriptures; (Bd, Jel ;)
and ^JJt, the Preserved Tablet, (Bd,) [i. e.]
the Original of the Scriptures, which is with
God. (Jel.)

*•'

a>v [as an inf. n. used in the manner of a

subst. signifies] Distance, or remoteness; (S, A,
L, 5 ;*) and so * jl>v, (L, 50 accord, .to most
of the leading lexicologists, (T A, [see ***t>,]) [and

♦ •'•J 0» 0.0 **mm

ijjuf, for] you say, ojaj U^, meaning [Between

us two is a distance] of land or country, or of
relationship. (S, K.) — [Remoteness from pro-
bability or correctness; improbability, or strange-
ness : see jjy. Hence the phrase, jjUI y* \Jj*
(j^«w This is improbable, or extraordinary, or
strange : often occurring in the TA &c] _ Also
i. q. t^ij: (L,^L:) this latter (S, L, Msb, £)
and jLty, (L,K,) accord, to most of the leading
lexicologists, as, for instance, in the Kur xi. 08,
(TA, [see J>*->,]) signifying Perdition ; (S, L,
Msb;) or death. (K.) Judgment and pru-
dence; as also V »j»>v : so in the phrase, «JJ 4JI
01 »»j •

jitv, and SjLty, Verily he is possessed of judgment

and prudence : (1£ :) or penetrating, or effective,
judgment; depth, or profundity; far-reaching
judgment. (TA.) [See also •*■*!.] T »j**)\ ji
also signifies A man who goes to a great length,
or far, in hostility. (L.) _ A cursing ; execra-
tion; malediction; as also T jUy. (K.) You
say, <*) jju, as well as <0 I jDiy : see 1, last sentence
but one. (TA.)

• »» •*■». . •'

jj4 : see jjl/, in two places : as and j>«>v, in

five places.

juiv : see jj^I, in two places.

t' " ••■» • . i

o joij : see jjl>, in three places.

il*v : see j~ju : _ and see also jicly.

. 00i

}\*<4 : see jity.

jcjui Distant ; remote ; far ; far off; (8, L,
K;») as also * Ju*', and * J*W: (L,ljf :) pi. (of
the first, S, L) o 1 J^ (?• L > K) and (of the first
also, L,TA) jji^ (L,K) and \\su (TA) and (of
the first and second, L) i\ jj^ (L, K) and of the
third, T juV) [but this (which is also used as a sing,
epithet, as will be shown in what follows,) is
properly a quasi-pl. n.,] like as^jk*. is of>^U..
(8.) As signifying Distant with respect to place,
it is correctly used alike as masc. and fern, and
sing, and dual and pi. ; (L, and TA in this art.
and in art. «_>y, in which latter see the authori-
ties ;) but not necessarily ; like its contr. ^ji :
(L :) you say, Au j^' ,«* [She is distant from
thee ; or it is] as though you said, ^.y ly»l£« :

' 29

228

(L :) also jujl* *~» «^< U [77iou art not distant
/rom tu], and j^*-y U. ^1 U [Fe are not
distant from us] : and in like manner, c*il U
*juuv U, and *Jjw ^*^3I U. (S, TA.)
[But it receives, sometimes, the fern, form when
used in this sense; for] -iLu lj>-*y »&—>■« and
-iU« S.v»v are phrases mentioned as signifying
7 5«< distant, or remote in place, or at a distance,
or nfoo/, /rom f Aee ; 0I£« [and i^U or the like]
being understood. (L.) You say also, *juu J^u
/i distant, or remote, place of alighting or abode.
(£•) And J^.£ p5 (§,£) and *J*W^

and "«MVj«A(4>) [itaare thou not far;] mean-
ing be thou near: (8, K:) [or] the second and
third of these phrases mean retire thou not in
an abject, or a mean, or contemptible, or despi-
cable, state. (8, A.) And t j»CL» ^$ V» J^"*'
[Depart thou, such a one, not far;] meaning
maye.it thou not go away ! (L.) [And ^>o a^jIj

j*jv 7 «u» At'w, or »'r, from afar : and ^ ;U-
«W //e came from afar: and the like. And

jk-j»y as applied to a desert and the like, meaning
Far extending.] And t j^ j^ j-l/ar distance.
(K.) [Andij^jivi^i vl distant, far-reaching, or
far-aiming, intention, purpose, or design.] And
i^yJI Jt*y 0>* [SmcA a on« is far-aiming, or far-
aspiring, in purpose, desire, or amiitton]. (A.)
And jk^jJI «J>e*V ^j* [SAe wa» known, or *ecn, or
met, a /oȣ7 rtwie o^o] : in this case, the fern,
form, with I, must be used. (L.) And j~ju Jy
[A saying far from being probable or correct; im-
probable; far-fetched; extraordinary, or strange].
(A.) And j^*v j*\ An extraordinary thing or
affair or case, a/ wAtcA tAe lihe does not happen
or occur. (L.)^Also Distant with respect to
kindred or relationship: in which sense, the word
receives the fern, form, [as well as the dual form,
and pi. forms, like its contr. v-i>*>] by universal
consent. (TA.) [Its pi.] floa* signifies Strangers,
that are not relations. (IAtli.) You say also,

>-» , >l O'**** O** O^* [meaning oucA a one is
of the distant dependents, or subjects, of the gover-
nor, or prince], (8.) And £wJ O"* O&jJ 6l
AitjL*V v>* C>** J*0" [If thou be not of the par-
ticular companions, or familiars, of the governor,
or prince, then be of his distant dependents, or
subjects] ; i. e., be distant from him, that his evil
may not affect thee. ( AZ, A.) _ Ol j^ay •fitj
OeV : sec juvi in the latter half of the paragraph.
_ See also j^i/.

j^ju and Ot j.^ • *ee ju^, in four places.

jktV : see jk^au, in four places. __ Also Perish-
«»i7 • (8, L: [in the K it is implied that it signifies
dying; and so *ju*v and t^U*:]) or /ar distant
from his home, or native country ; in a state of
estrangement therefrom. (L.)

jcul More, and m<wr, distant or remote; fur-

i'tt

ther, And furthest : by poetic licence written ju^l :

9 't J , ft* f - j

(L:) [pLjttlM] as in the saying,] >^-i ^}U
4ijjl»l j»V' i>» w-rfJa^J I [SucA aone drams forth

talk, or discourse, or new*, or <A« like, from its

most remote sources]. ( A.) More, and most,

extreme, excessive, egregious, or extraordinary,
in its kind. (IAth.) [Hence, perhaps,] j^i) iil
ju^l [in the CK jj^\] and ▼.**/ Fe»-»iy tAe»-e M
no good in him : (K :) or, no depth in him in
anything: (IAnr:) [or, Ae m not extraordinary
in his kind : see also jou :] said in dispraising one.
(TA.) And jju\ »jU» U and ^juy [He has not
what is extraordinary in its kind : or] Ae possesses
not excellence, or power, or riches : or Ae possesses
not anything profitable: (L, J£:) said only in
dispraising one : (AZ :) or it may mean Ae pos-
sesses not anything which one would go far to
seek ; or, anything of value : or what he possesses,
of things or qualities that are desirable, is more
extram-dinary than what others possess. (MF.)
_ Remote from good : [which is the meaning
generally intended in the present day when it is
used absolutely as an epithet applied to a man ;
but meaning also remote from him or those in
whose presence this epithet is used, both as to
place and as to moral condition :] and, from
continence: (L:) and stupid ; foolish ; or having
little, or no, intellect or understanding; syn. ^U. :
(so in a copy of the S and in the L and TA :) or
treacherous, or unfaithful; syn. ^U.. (So in
two copies of the S and in a copy of the A.) It is
used as an allusion to the name of a person whom
one would mention with dispraise ; as when one
says, jji^I >iU* [May such a one, the remote

from good, &c, perish!] : witli respect to a woman,

* »j * * »
one says, ^jutJI C-£U. (En-Nadr, Az.) One

says also, ««*} jj^^I aDI ^£», meaning [May
Ood cast down prostrate such a one, the remote
from good, ice, upon his mouth ! or,] cast him
down upon his face! (S.) [It is a rule observed
in decent society, by the Arabs, to avoid, as much
as possible, the mention of opprobrious epithets,
lest any person present should imagine an epithet
of this kind to be slily applied to himself: there-
fore, when any malediction or vituperation is
uttered, it is usual to allude to die object by the
term aa/^t, or JuxJI, as meaning the remote
from good, &c, and also the remote from the
person or persons present. See also jA.*$\, which
is used i.n a similar manner.] _ A more distant,
or most distant, or very distant, relation ; (Lth ;)
contr. of v^»l : (Msb :) pi. J^l^f (Lth, S, A,
Msb, 5) and Oj-* 3 ^ 1 > (^th ;) contr. of ^>jV51
(Lth, S, K) and Oy$- (^th.)

jot~» A man roAo makes far journeys. (KL.)

J**

1. j*i, aor. - , (S, Mgl), Msb, K,) inf. n. jsli,
(S, Msb,) said of an animal having the kind of
foot called sJu*., (Mgh, Msb, K,) [i. e.,] of a
camel, and also of a sheep and goat, (S,) and of a
cloven-hoofed animal (Mgh, Msb, YL) of the wild
kind of bull or cow, but not of the domestic kind,
and of the gazelle-kind, beside the other two
cloven-hoofed kinds mentioned before, and of the
hare or rabbit, (TA,) He voided dung. ($,• Mgh,
Msb, I£.) __ »j*4 He threw at him a piece of jxj.

[Book I.

(A.)_Cj«v, said of a widow, She threw the
piece of jay ; i. q. * oj**)l/ 0~«j ; meaning she
ended the number of days during which she had
to wait after the death of her husband before she
could marry again. (A.) [It seems to have been
customary for the widow to collect a number of
pieces of jsl/, as many as the days she had to wait
before she could marry again, and to throw away
one each day : so that the saying means She threw
the last piece of j*y.]s=j*^, aor. -, (K,) inf. n.
jstf, (TA,) He (a camel) became a j&tj. (£.)

2 : sec 4.

3. lyJU. Oj*^, [inf. n., app., jl»v, q. v.,] said
of a ewe or she-goat, (K,) and of a she-camel,
(TA,) She befoided her milker with her dung.
(TA voce jl»v.) = V*JU- (Jl ojftli iSAe (a ewe
or goat, and a camel,) hastened to her milker.
(TA.)

4. jjl/\ He cleansed an intestine, or a gut, of
its jju ; as also " jxj, inf. n. je*w. (K.)

_£ (S, A, K) and t £ (Msb, K) [coll. gen. ns.
signifying Camels', and sheeps , and goats', and
similar, dung;] dung (Msb, K) of animals having
the hind of foot called otaV, (A, Mgh, Msb, If,)
[i. e.,] of the camel, and also of the sheep and goat,
(S,) and of cloven-hoof ed animals (A, Mgh, Msb,
K) of the wild hind of bull and cow, but not of
the domestic kind, and of the gazelle-hind, beside
the two other cloven-hoofed kinds, and of the
hare or rabbit: (TA :) n. an. with S: (S, Mgh,

K :) and pi. jlijl. (S, Msb, K.) One says, yi

S"*» * \rt \y>i- h*4 1>? \X* Oy*' t H e ** a lighter
thing to me than a piece of j*j that is thrown at

a dog]. (A.) And it is said in a prov., c*jl

ij3LA\ ^.t^ld-i^ [Thou art like the owner of the

' ' -ft- - ft - el

piece of jJLf, or ijsui\ ^-^.Lo ^J> ^j c-Jl Thou
art in a condition like that of the owner of the
piece of j*4; (meaning the person for whom it
was intended ;) applied to him who reveals a
thing relating to himself j (see Frcytag'a Arab.
Prov. i. 85 ;)] originating from the fact that a
man had a suspicion respecting some one among
his people ; so he collected them to search out
from them the trutli of the case, and took a piece
of jju, and said, " I am about to throw this my
piece of jjli at the person whom I suspect ;"
whereupon one of them withdrew himself quickly,
and said, " Throw it not at me ;" and confessed.
(TA.) See also Ojju, above.

jaj: see j**.

jl»V, a subst, [or inf. n. of 3,] The befouling of
her milker with her dung, by a ewe or she-goat,
(K,) or a camel : (TA :) it is reckoned a fault,
because the animal that docs so sometimes casts
her dung into the milking-vcsscl. (TA.)

j^xj, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) sometimes pronounced
St*4> (K,) which latter is of the dial, of Benoo-
Temecm, but the former is the more chaste,
(TA,) A camel, male or female ; (S, Msb, 'K. ;)
as applied to a camel, like i jl—>\ Applied to a
human being; (S, Msb;) whereas J^»>. is applied
only to a male camel, and 4JU to a she-camel ;

Book I.]

'J+t and ij-ii are respectively terms like ^i and

Va ; and u°^ ' 8 ' ike ^ tenn *0 V > 80 8a y>
among others, ISk and Az and I J ; and it is
added in the Mutahaffidh, that the terms J-»*-
and 3i\i are applied only when the animal has
entered the seventh year: (Msb:) but ^ay is
more commonly applied to the male camel; (Msb,
K ;) and only to one that hoe entered its fifth
year; (S, K ;) or that hat entered its ninth year :
(K :) the pi. is Sjxyt [a pi. of pane] and ^j\j*j
(8, Msb, ?) and o!>*rf (S) and JjLJ (TA) and
(pi. of ?j»Jl TA) j*$ (S,Msb,K) and Jjfttf.

(K.) If one say, 1^ ^jy**\ [Qive ye to me a
jt*i], 'he persons so addressed, accord, to Esh-
Shafi'ee, are not to give a she-camel: (Msb:)
but the following phrases are transmitted from
the Arabs: {Jlje*i i****** My she-camel threw
me down prostrate : (S, A :) and \Jfr/y C.JU. 1

milked my camel: (A, Msb :) and { j^i { j*» C~>i
{Jjt*/ 1 drank of the milk of my camel : (S :)

and isli ^^juJI i^Jdk "}L£> J£acA o/ these two
camels is a she-camel. (A.) j«aJI iU [77*« nfr/A/
q/* tAe cam«/], mentioned in a trad, of Jabir,
means the night in which the Prophet purchased
of him his camel. (TA.) _- Also An ass : (IKh,
K :) so in the Kur xii. 72 ; but this signification
is of rare occurrence : (IKh :) and anything that
carries: (IKh, K:) so in the Hebrew language
[-flSfl (see Gen. xlv. 17)]. (TA.)

j*V A widow throwing the piece of j*i ; mean-
ing ending the number of days during which she
has had to wait after the death of her husband
previously to her being allowed to marry again.
(A.) [Seel.]

j*~« and ~ j*~° [and ▼ Sjjc-o (occurring in the
K in art. j^-)J The place [or passage (as is
shown in the Lexicons in many places)] of the
j*j ; [i. e. the rectum ; the intestine, or gut, con-
taining the jmj ;] of any quadruped : (K :) pi.
j«U*. (TA.) It is said in a prov., ^tljJI IJjk ^1

>C» j\££ ^Wl 'jLZi Jlj U [Verily this bad
man has not ceased to slaughter camels and to
cleanse the intestines containing the dung]. (A,
TA.)

> see yui

j\jl~* A ewe or she-goat, (K,) or a she-camel,
(TA,) that befouls with her dung 0*U3) her
milker. (K,TA.) [See >*.]

t><

1. u«ytJI eJuLf, [aor. - ,] inf. n. ^^xi, The
isoyu [or gnats, or musquitoes,] bit him; and
annoyed, or molested, him. (TA.) And \yi**y.
They were bitten by the uo$*j: (A:) or were
annoyed, or molested, thereby. (K.) a-oj^ is not

used in relation to anything but ^yu. (TA.)
A poet says, praising a man who passed the night

within a ils=» [or thin curtain used for protection

from gnats, or musquitoes], which is also called

; ( t »0 ■»•'.. »• {

^tf, ,^1 c-<* o^-JI ^
• Uuu/>>UI <>uv wiU. U 1*1 •

[Excellent indeed is the tent, the tent of Aboo-
Dith&r, when some of the people fear biting, and
annoyance, or molestation, from gnats, or mus-

<7ut'<0M] : by Uut/ meaning Lot. (TA.)

2. <ua.»j, inf. n. ^^xjcJ, He divided it into
parts, or portions, (S, A, Msb, K,) distinct, or
separate, one from another. (Msb.) You say,
tyiuui <Ju ljj->.l 7'Aey iooA Aw property and
divided it into parts, or portions. (A, TA.)
And ly.iij.ij SlDt ^^-ac [7/e limbed, or dismem-
bered, the sheep, or //oar, and divided it into
parts, or porit'on*]. (A, TA.) [Hence,] ^ in
certain cases, and w) in the like cases, as in the

saying lji> ;U^ O^jii ["I drank of," i. e. "some
of, such water"], are said to be w Ki i » ... TH [For the
purpose of dividing into parts, or portions].

(Msb.)

»*

4. I^cui/t 77i<;# had ^jo^t [or <7»ato, or mus-
quitoes], (K,) or abundance thereof, (A,) t'n <A«>
tend. (A,K.)

5. l ^uuJ It was, or became, divided into parts,
or portions. (8, K.)

^>"4 <Sorne, or somewhat or some one, (lit a
thing,) of things, or of a thing : Th says that it
signifies thus accord, to all the grammarians;
(Msb, TA ;) except Hishdm, as will be seen here-
after: (TA:) or a part, or portion, (A, Msb,
K,) of a thing, (Msb,) or of anything; (A, K;)
whether little or much: (TA:) accord, to both
these explanations, it may denote the greater part;
as eight of ten : (Msb :) [thus it signifies some
one or more; and it relates to persons and to

other things:] pi. ^iijt; (S,IJ,K;) but ISd
doubts whether IJ had an authority for this.

(TA.) You say, ^ .>• ^»*l >£)! ^oaj [Some

* * *

kinds of evil are easier to be borne than some].

(A.) And Uox/ ly-ojij d-JL> iiL-*. ajjU- [A rery
beautiful girl, parts of whom resemble other parts].
(A.) [And Ucuu^Y-aju wJj-i /Some of them beat
some; i. e. lAey o«a< one ano/Aer.] And U^j U>J
>»ji i^iuv jl [Wi Aa»e tarried a day or part of
a day]. (Kur xviii. 18.) And one says to a man
of a company of men, " Who did this ?" and he
answers, Uj^t or Lax; [Some one of us] ; mean-
ing himself. (A.) The article Jl should not be
prefixed to it, (K,* TA,) because it is originally a
prefixed n., and as such determinate either lite-
rally or virtually, so that it does not admit another
cause of being determinate ; (TA ;) contr. to what
is said by IDrst (K, TA) and Ez-Zejjajee ; for

they said u^aJt and JSLt\ ; which, properly, as
ISd says, is not allowable ; and it is said in the
O that IDrst, in this matter, was at variance with
all the people of his age : (TA :) AHat says that

the Arabs did not say Jflt nor »>**?"» but that
people used these expressions, even Sb and Akh
in their two books, by reason of their little know-
ledge in this way: (K,*TA:) a remark, says MF,

227

which is extr., and needs no comment: (TA:)
[for who surpassed Sb and Akh in knowledge
respecting matters of this kind?] AHat also relates
his having told As that he had seen in the book
of [that celebrated and chaste author] Ibn-El-

MukaffiY, v >* jt*. vomJI Oa.1 oflj ^^rUII
JO\ J)j5 [Science is large ; but the acquiring of
part is better than the neglecting of the whole] ;
and that As disapproved of it most strongly,

saying that the article Jl is not prefixed to u»xj

and J^=> because they are determinate without it :
(TA :) Az, however, says that the grammarians
allow its being prefixed to these two words,
(Msb, TA,) though As disallows it, (TA,) be-
cause they are meant to be understood as prefixed
ns. ; (Msb ;) or because the article is meant to
be a substitute for the noun to which they should
be prefixed ; or, in the case of «>uv, because this
word is equivalent to !>»., which receives the
article Jl. (MF.) It is related of AO, that he
assigned also to ^ the contr. meaning of All;
or the whole : adducing as a proof thereof the
words of the Kur [xl. 29], ^JJI ^jojl> j£ *m i
JJ=>jju as meaning All of that with which he
threateneth you will befall you : and the saying
of Lebeed,

«« li » »0 Si'" *'

* 1»«U»- t r , y- J ' V**i U^~*t! J 1

[as meaning Or their death shall cling to all
living creatures: or, accord, to another relation,
i»*jji _jl, which means the same as J^Uju jl] :
thus also Alleyth explains the above-cited verse
of the Kur; and thus Hishdm explains the saying
of Lebeed, erroneously asserting that sj^i ' 8 here
a pi. : (TA but with respect to the former
instance, the Prophet had threatened them with
two things, the punishment of the present world
and that of the world to come ; so he says, " This
punishment will befall you in the present world ;"
which is part (^aiu) of the two threats ; without
denying the punishment of the world to come :
or, as Aboo-Is-hak says, he mentions the part to
indicate the necessary consequence of the whole :
and as to the saying of Lebeed, by ^r-y^l lA»v
he means himself. (TA [app. from ISd].)

^joj\ A land abounding with (_»»>*/ [or
gnats, or musquitoes]; (K ;) as also 'Uu^,

■f** | f 9*0*

like as you say XLg». (TA.) And i*taty <U«I A

" ■ ' *J * ***

night in which are many ^>yu>; as also 'i.^yt..*.

(A,K.)

• *+ S'

sj6)*4 [Ghiats, or musquitoes;] t. q, & [which

signifies both gnats, or musquitoes! (called in

J

Egypt ^y»\i,) and also bugs] : n. un. with S :
(S :) or pi. of A*oyu, (K,) which signifies t. q.

Of. (A, K.) A poet speaks of the humming of
the sjbpi of the water. (TA.) The author of
the K says, in the B, that the word is taken from
t>uLj, because of the smallness of the body of the
i«i_j*j in comparison with other living things.
(TA.) Yon say, ^y^ll i-i yj&* %He im-
posed upon me a difficult thing: (A:) or an
impossible thing. (TS, K.)

• ' 0»0 • u

i..a.t.i,» ijO)\
*0 >»-•-•-

:)

see iiut/.

1. JiJ, (TA,) [aor. «,] inf. n. JU,', (Lth, K,
TA,) said of a man, and a camel, &c, (TA,) He
uttered a vehement sound, or cry. (Lth,*K,*
TA.)aBAlso, inf. n. as above, said of a vehe-
ment rain, descending in large drops, It clave,
or furrowed, the ground, and made it to flow.
(K,*TA.) — And, inf. n. JiJ, He stabbed, or
stuck, a camel tn the j*-J, or throat, or upper-
most part of the breast, (K, TA,) making the blood
to flow; (TA ;) and (TA) so * J**. (A'Obeyd,
9, L, TA, all of which, except the last, mention
only tho latter verb in this sense.) _ Also, (K,)
inf. n. Jii, (TA,) He dug a well. (Z, K.) _
JJV also signifies The act of slitting, ripping,
or rending; like -_»y : (TA :) and ♦ J-*Ij the
same ; (§ ;) or the rfo/n// *o mucA. (If.) You
say, j^jUt Jjj "wJu^, inf. n. JeJty, / tlit, or
ripped, or renf, <A« wine-skin. (§.) _ ^>* aaxj
IJ^, (K,) inf. n. Jsy, (TA,) He removed it,
took it off, or stripped it off, from over, or
before, such a thing, which it covered, or con-
cealed. (Ibn-*Abbud,K.)

2 : sec 1, in three places.

5 : see 7, in two places.

7. t>*yl It came upon one suddenly, unex-
pectedly, without his knowledge. (S, K, TA.) _
O^' ij**\ I [The cloud*, or white clouds, or
clouds containing water,] clave asunder, with, or
by reason of, rain, or violent rain; syn. ■»-*-;!

jJnJW; (§,K,TA;) or opened- vehemently with
rain; (Z, TA;) and ^ jOj signifies the same.
(S.) — >j6bj ij4-»W 0*& JW I [Such a one
was profuse in bounty and generosity]. (TA.)
— >»*^LsJt ,j* J*yt (S, K) 1 2T« roa* profuse in
speech ; (K,* TA ;) as also ♦ jio (K) and

tjw. (9gh,?.)

8 : see 7.
• .. *
JUj : see what next follows, in two places.

JUy t Clouds (w>U— ) pouring forth [rain]
with vehemence. (§.)_ Also, and ♦ Jlay and
♦ JjUy and * (^*W» I Rain coming* suddenly, or
unexpectedly, with vehemence, in large drops.
(K, TA.) JbLjl _^»., > n a tr ad. respecting prayer
for rain, means + Copious, abundant, extensive
rain. (TA.)_ And T all these four words, + A
torrent vehemently driving; (£,TA;) that carries
away everything. (AHn, TA.)

&v) •■•■

> see JUy, in two places.
0*W: 1

of J*JI is plfcll] ; He (a man, S) became a hus-
band; (S,K;) asalsotjju^l: (K:) he married,
or took a wife. (Msb.) And in like manner,
ci«j, inf. n. *)>■->, SAc became a wife : (TA :)
[and it seems to be indicated in the Ham p. 35!)
that * c J b ri^ t and * cJbi^3 signify the same:]
and to«J*V >ke took to herself a husband. (K.)

_«J« J*/ [as though originally signifying He

' »*

became a ^Jsl/, or lord, over him:] he ivas in-
compliant, or unyielding, to him; he resisted him,
or withstood him. (K.) Hence, in a trad., ,^i

ajAUli .^£3>j*l ^o**^* J*^ ^»^ whoso resisteth
and disobeyeth your command, slay ye him.

(TA.)s=J*;, (S,K,) 6j^i, aor. -', (K,) \ He
became confounded, or perjdexed, so that he was
unable to see his right course, (S, K,) by his
affair, or case, and feared, and was disgusted,
(If,) and remained fixed in his place like as do
the palm-trees termed Jji^, (TA,) not knowing
what to do. (K.)

* *' j a -

i»>*-o c^jl Zanrf upon wAtcA what is termed
JUy [i. e. either the rain or torrent so termed] has
fallen, or descended. (Nawadir el-Aarab, TA.)

J*

!• J*^»(?»Mfb,?:,) aor.-, (?,) or * [contr.
to rule] ; (Mfb;) or the pret is jay; (so in the
9am p. 337 ;) inf. n. %£/ (Msb, K) and aiuL'
also (I^am ubi supra) [and app. jjy, for it is said
in the Ham p. 359 that the primary signification

3. c~UU : see 1 Uy ^.j^iJI J*l^ 7Vic peopfe

intermarried with a people. (K.) You say also,
^j^I&Uj "n) ^^i y^ 2Vic *on< o/' *«c/< a one, none
is married to them, nor are they married [to any
but persons of their own tribe], (flam p. 337.)
_ [The inf. n.] Jta; signifies also The playing,
or toying, together, of a man with liis wife ; (8,
Mgh, Msb, K ;) nnd so iitU* [also an inf. 11.
of the same verb], (Msb, K,) and ▼ J*U3 [inf. n.
of 6]. (K.) You say, <ul^«l J*l^ He played, or
<oy«i, wi/A kis wife. (Msb.) And ^»-jj J*U
SAe ;*/«?/.?, or <o«.t, with her husband. (S.) And
ilcL-o U>«ee Between them two is playing, or
toying. (TA.) And '♦'oSLcUi U* They two play,

or toy, together, each with the other. (TA.)

And metonymically, (TA,) JU# signifies also
\I.q. cU*.; (Az,K,TA;) and so iJ^C*'. (TK.)

You say, lyJLcb, meaning J 7fc /ay »vt<A Acr.
(T?:.) — AndU-jU o^li J*^. JAVA a one sat
with such a one : (K, TA :) the idea of playing,
or toying, being imagined to be implied. (TA.)

5. cJ *j3 : sec 1. _ Also She was obedient to
her husband ; (1£ ;) [so too • cJbu^l, as will be
seen from what follows ;] and so \*-jj -,T A n : " :
(TA :) or she adorned herself for her husband.
(£.) You say * Jli^l ii~». »\_y>\ A woman
who is good in obedience to her husband. (T A.)

6 : see 3, in two places.

8 : see 1 : _ and sec also 5, in two places.

10. Jju^iI : sec 1 Also, said of palm-treos

(J^»j), They became what arc termed JjL", q. v.,

(S,TA,) and great. (TA.) And, said of a

place, It became what is termed JjL> : (KL :) or
it became elevated. (TA.)

J** A husband: (S, Mgh, Msb,K :) pi. aiyy
(§, Msb, ]£) and j£ and JU,. (£.) And A
wife; as also iij^; (S, Msb, K ;) like ,-Jj and

i»-jj - (?> Msb.*) __ A lord, a master, an owner,
or a possessor, (S, Msb, K,) of a thing, (If,) such
as a house, and a beast, (TA,) or a she-camel :
(§ :) a head, chief, ruler, or person of authority.
(El-Khattabee, TA.) — [And hence,'] A certain

[Book I.

idol, (S,K,) of gold, (TA,) belonging to the people
of llyds, (S,K.) who is said to be the same as
Idrecs, the grandfather, or an ancestor, of Noah, or
to have been a grandson of Aaron, (Bd in vi. 85,)
or the son of the brother of Aaron : (Jel ibid. :)
it is mentioned in the Kur xxxvii. 123 : accord,
to one copy of the K, it belonged to the people of
Jonas; and so in the Kitiib cl-Mujarrad of Kr:
accord, to Mujahid, it means a deity tluit is not
God: (TA:) or a certain king : (IAar,If:) but
[SM says,] the cornet explanation is the first :
(TA :) or a certain idol belonging to the people
ofliekk, in Syria; i. e., of the town now called
Banlu-Dekk : soin the Kur: (B<l,JcI: # ) or it
mentis in the dial, of El- Yemen a lord; and so in
llic Kur. (Bd.) — Also One whom it is a neces-
sary duty to obey ; as a father, and a mother,
and the like. (TA.)_And A family, or house-
hold, whose maintenance is incumbent on a man.
(TA.)__ And it may be a contraction of Jj«^, as
meaning Lacking strength, or power, or ability;
unable to Jind the right tray to accomplish his
affair. (TA.)_Also I A weight, or burden.
(K, TA.) You say, aUI Ji^ *& ^ £-U'
t Such a one became a weight, or burden, upon
his family ; because of his ascendency over them.
(Kr-Rsigiiib, TA.) — f Elevated land, (S, K,)
upon which comes neither running water nor
torrent, (S,) or that is not rained upon more
than once in the year : (K :) or J land elevated
above other land; as being likened to the man
who is thus termed. (Er-H.'ighib, TA.) — fAny
palm-trees, and other trees, and seed-produce, not
watered: or such as arc watered by the rain:
(K.:) or t palm-trees (J^J) that imbibe with their
roots, and so need not to be watered: (S,Mgh,
Msb, K :) metaphorically so applied : (Mgh :)
AA says that it is syn. with ^jjs., meaning what
is tcatered by the rain : but As says that this
latter word has the meaning just given, whereas
J*,i signifies what imbibes with its roots, without
irrigation or rain : (S, MkIi :) or palm-trees
growing in land whereof the supply of water is
near [to the surface], so that it suffices without
their having irrigation or rain : (TA :) or large,
so as to imbibe with the roots: (Kr-Hughib, TA:)
and \a male palm-tree ; (K,TA;) likened to the
man who is thus termed : (TA :) and Ai says
that it is used as meaning t [dates such as arc
termed] ^J!i. (TA.) And r The tax, or im-
post, that is given for the watering of palm-trees.
(K.)

J*/ part. n. of Jju, Confounded, or perplexed,
Sec. (K.) And Lacking strength, or power, or
ability ; unable to Jind the right way to accom-
plish his affair. (TA.) _ With S, applied as an
epithet to a woman, (S,) and meaning One who
does not dress, or wear clothes, well, (K, TA,)
nor well adjust her personal state or condition.
(TA.)

1. <U«i, (S, A, &c.,) aor. - , (A, Msb, K,) inf.n.
" and IzLi (S,A, Msb.K) and cJy (MF)
and j-jt^ (K) and SJju, with teshdeed to the o,
of the same measure as 3^*>, accord, to AA's

Book I.]

reading of the Kur in a passage which will be
found below, without a parallel among inf. ns.,
(Z,) [and said by some to have an intensive sig-
nification,] He, or it, came upon Aim, or hap-
pened to him, suddenly, unexpectedly, without his
being aware of it, or without any previous cause;
surprised him; took him by surprise, or unawares;
(8, A, Msb, £ ;) as also * <C*W, (A, Msb,) inf. n.
Lt\J> (S,£) and l>\k/. (TA.) It is said in the
$ur vi. 31, accord, to the reading mentioned
above, L£t tUljT^jU. lS> [When the hour of
the resurrection shall come upon them suddenly,
unexpectedly, &c.]. (Z.) And you say, &^> »;U
He, or it, came to him suddenly, &c. (A, Msb.)
And iiiy 4«*J He met, or found, him, or it, sud-
denly, &c. (8.) And jjil oUii i^\ C~J I
am not secure from, or free from fear of, the
enemy's comings [upon me] unawares. (S.)

3 : see 1.

0»iUI The festival, (A,) or a certain festival,
(IAth, £,) o/ Me Christians ; (A, I Ath, £ ;)
[namely, Easter;] thus called accord, to some;
but accord, to others, *1>^*UI [q. v.], with the
unpointed c and the three-pointed •£>. (1 Ath.)

Oyu* t. 7. o^y—o [ Confounded, or perplexed,
and unable to see his right course] : so in the
saying, OyuJ ^1j "^ [77tere is no judgment to
one who it confounded, &c.]. (A.)

1. i^J, (Msb, $,) aor. -' , (?,) inf. n. HJ,
(Msb,) or this is a simple subst., and the inf. n. is
£tt\j, (TA,) He (a bird) was, or became, of a
colour resembling that of ashes: (Msb :) or he (a
sheep or goat) was of the mixed colours of those
to which the epithet Jlii/ is applied. ($., TA.)
[See i-iyl, and &n, and £•**.]

> Dust-colour. (A.) [Butseeiii^. Accord,
to the TA, the former is the inf. n. of 1, q. v.]

^'. Whiteness inclining to 3^-a*. [which here
app. means a <iarA, or ashy, dust-colour] : (T :)
[or, in a bird, a colour resembling that of ashes :
(see 1 :)] or the colour of sheep or goats to which
the epithet XL) is applied. (£, TA.) [Sec £4$.]

l\ikf. see

I, of which it is the fern.

l>\ii (T,S,A,Mgh,Msb,£) and l>\k> and
Jjl*V ; (A, Mgh, K ;) only the second of these
three mentioned by Sb ; (TA ;) but the second
and third asserted to be correct by Yoo ; (AZ,
TA ;) and the last heard by Az ; (TA ;) or
neither of these two is allowable ; (Msb ;) A bird
that does not prey, and such as one does not desire
to make an object of prey because it is not eaten :
(T, Msb :) or small birds that do not prey, such
as sparrows and the like ; [a coll. gen. n. ;] n. un.
with I : (Mgh :) or [accord, to Lth,] a certain
dust-coloured bird, (T, A, £,) of the birds of the
water, ath-coloured, and long-necked; as also
tiJ# ; pi. [of the latter] iij and i-Mjl : (T :)
[but this appears to be wrong ; for AM says, in
the T,] Lth makes the £>\kt and the £*k/\ to be

one, asserting them to be of aquatic birds ; but in
my opinion, the former is different from the latter:
as to the latter, it is a well-knoivn kind of aquatic
bird, so called because it is of the colour termed
Sistf, i. e. white inclining to S^-a*. [explained
above, voce aJju] : but as to the ^jUj, it is any
bird that is not one of prey : and the word is said
to be a coll. gen. n., signifying the class of birds
that are objects of prey : (TA :) ISk says that
the i>Uj is a bird of a colour inclining to that of
dust, (S, Msb,*) a little less than the a*»-j [or
vultur percnopterus], (S,) or less titan the Z+a-j,
(Msb,) slow in flight : (S, Msb :) but IB says
that this is a mistake in two points of view ; first,
because ^>Uy is a [coll.] gen. n., of which the
n. un. is with 5, like as is that of jX*a- ; and
secondly, because it applies to the class of birds
that do not prey; but the t«£-A^I is a bird of the
colour of dust, and this may be a bird of prey,
and it may be not a bird of prey : (TA :) AZ
says that «1>U* signifies the [species of vulture
called] jjkly ; and the n. un. is with i: others, the
young ones of the ^A-j and birds of the crow-
kind: or [birds] like the [hanks called] Jjt>-
[pi. of fcy*\, not predaceous : in the T, it is said
to be [a kind of bird] like the [hawk called] cJilJ,
that does not prey upon any other bird : (TA :)
or i)U^ and 2riAf (ISd, K) and 1>\L) ($) signify
tho worst [or most ignoble] of birds, (ISd, K,
[the latter giving this as a second and distinct
signification,]) and such as do not prey : (ISd,
TA :) Fr says, j e *»i\ £>\Ju signifies the worst of
birds, and such as do not prey; and «i>liiy and
«i>Uy are dial. vars. : (S :) the pi. is tjUiy, (Sb,
T, S, Msb, 50 accord, to those who make >£»Uv a
sing., (Yoo,S, Msb, TA,) or accord, to those who
make the sing, to be with 5 ; (T, TA ;) or those
who apply iJUu [as a n. un.] to the male and the fe-
male make >i»lij to be pi. [or rather a coll. gen. n.] ;
(Yoo, S, Msb;) as is done in the case of <UU> and
>Ui : (Yoo, S :) ISd says that h&i, with fet-h,
is the n. un., applied alike to the male and the
female : (TA :) [and Fei says,] it is not allowable
to pronounce this with dam in or with kesr to the
first letter : (Msb :) but Yoo asserts both of these
forms to be used : (AZ, TA :) and iSU^ is said to
signify a weak bird. (TA.) It is said in a prov.,
jT:"i U-.JW il*J» 0\ (S, A, Mfb, $•) Verily
the £>\ki in our land becomes [like] a vulture, or
become [like] vultures : (Msb :) applied to the
low person who becomes of high rank: (A:)
meaning t Me weak in our land becomes strong :
(Mfb :) or Ae who makes himself our neighbour
becomes mighty, strong, or of high rank, by our
meant, (S,1£,TA,) acquiring themight, or strength,
of the vulture, after having been low, or mean, in
condition. (TA.)

Wheat (riiiiiw and >UI> [both of which
signify the same, though the latter, q. v., has a
a larger application,]) adulterated by being mixed
with barley; (Th, JjL;) as also w- t . U and ^i-JU.
(Th, TA.)

X& [dim. of iUi} fern, of «£ijt, q. v.,] The

229

place of the il^jL [q.v.] in a camel. (K.) [80
called because of its colour, produced by chafing.]
j - »t * # *

£Jl/\ Of a white colour inclining to ij~di.

[which here app. means a dark, or ashy, dust-
colour] : (T :) [or of a colour resembling that of
ashes : (see 1 :)] or dust-coloured : (A :) or of a
colour near to that of dust : (8:) an epithet, like
'j^aS: [fem. JUiy: and] pi. ^Jy: and sometimes,
when used as a subst., it has for pi. *i«iU. (IB,
TA.) You say £j$\ Jjli A bird of the colour
above described/ (T, 8:) whether it be a bird of
prey or not : see Cilay in two places : (IB, TA :)
and £j$ JL» [a AowA of that colour] ; (ISh,
A ;) as well as \J^ and u a t t\ ; 1. e., that where-
with men take game. (ISh,TA.) iUiy applied
to sheep or goats, (S, &,) or, as in some lexicons,
to sheep, (TA,) is like iOij; (S,£;) [Black
speckled with white; or the reverse;] or in which
are blackness and whiteness, with predominance
of the latter colour : (TA:) or fck/ i\i and ^
wJ^ signify a sheep or goat, and sheep or goats,
in which are blackness and whiteness. (A.)— Also,
[as a subst.,] A certain bird, ($,TA,) dust-
coloured, in truth different from the ^*W, as
shown above: see the latter word: (TA:) pi.
U^t and ,*«£$• (T, TA.) You say, C-fclJl ^ y>
JJLl\ [He it of the birds thus called]. (A.)_
And i-*v*9l signifies The lion; (TS,#;) because
he is of the colour termed 3£k/. (TA.) — And
iUiJI \The medley, or mixed or promiscuous
multitude or collection, of men or people ; or of
the lowest or basest or meanest tort, or refute, or
riffraff, thereof; (S, A, & ;) tAe commonalty, or
vulgar, and collective body, of the people. (S.)

One says, jS^I J> o*** pi*- » nd #*» t Such
a one went forth among the medley, &c., of the
people. (A.) And ;V^I ^J Vii*o t JPe entered
among the commonalty, or vulgar, and the collec-
tive body, of the people. (S.)

1. i£jt ^lii, aor. -, (S, 5,) inf. n. J±,,
(S,) The sky rained a rain such as it termed

LiL/, q.v. (S, £.) Je'f$\ C-ii^ The land

wat watered by a rain such at it termed HUtt,
(S,)orJii. (TA.)

ijiij : see what next follows.

SJiju A weak shower of rain ; (S, £ ;) above
a,
what is called <LLb : (S :) or we«A rain, mall in

itt drops ; as also ♦utiy [originally an inf. n.] :

or both signify a cloud that pours forth itt rain

in one shower: As says that the lightest and

weakest of rain is that called JJ» ; then, the ilij ;

then, the Jiiu : the dim. of the last is ^k/.
(TA.)

JUli *£U Weak rain. (S, Kl.)

4. )•- • •«

litjjkq* ijoj\ Land watered by a ram such a*

it termed liki, (S,) or JJy. (TA.)

1. JbJL) ; (S, A, Msb, I£ ;) and Jak) ; aor. [of

230

both] <; and Jist\i, aor. *;(?;) inf. n. lil^,
(9, A, Mib, £,) inf. n. of the first; (TA ;) He,
or it, (a man, 8, or a thing, Msb,) was, or
became, hateful, odious, or an oft/Vet 0/ hatred.
(§» A, ¥-.) — ».*»- ,>«* t Hie fortune, or yood
fortune, fell; ayn. Jfe. (A.) And Jj-1 ^iA^,
(L,£, TA,) or u^*Ji (as in one copy of the K,)
or *>**, (ag in the CK,) : May thy fortune, or
good fortune, fall : syn. JJi5, (K, TA,) and 'Ji :
(TA:) a phrase ascribed by IB to the people of
El- Yemen. (TA.)m=See also 4, in three places.

9. v?&Jl AT i-A,,(S, TA,)or^UU,(Msb,)
[but this I think doubtful, from what is' said in
explanation of the verb of wonder, (see 4,)] inf. n.
> > »tfy, (S,K,) Ood rendered him hateful, odious,
or an object of hatred, to men ; (8, Ms b ;•)
u* tV being the contr. of ly^fJ : (K :) or
wry hateful or orftotu. (TA.) You say also,

dsrerf an oty><-* 0/ iow to we, and 'Amr teat
rendered an object of hatred, or of much hatred,
tome). (A,TA.)

3. *i«Av» >nf. n. i-itU,, 7 rendered him
[hatred, or] vehement hatred, reciprocally. (A,»
TA.) You say also, 4-otC* U^n- [Between them
two it reciprocal hatred, or vehement hatred].
(A.)

4. ii*l, (?, A, Msb, 5,) inf. n. ^l*} , (Msb,)
He hated him. (8, A,» Msb,» K.) It is said that
t«uMv is not allowable : (Ms b :) or ^ji-ai-j is a
bad form ; ( AHat, K ;) used by the lower class ;
and sanctioned by Th only ; for he explains o-Jli,
as occurring in the Kur [xxvi. 168], by l >— ailj,
which shows that he held v>«/ to be a dial. var. ;
for otherwise he would have said j ( ^i ; ,« : (AHat:)
but the epithet t>>»y affords a strong evidence in
favou of the opinion of Th here mentioned ; for
JyJ is mostly from J*U, not from JjO*. (TA.)

*—,Jl *-»M U, (5.,) or J>, (K,) is [said to be]
anomalous ; (S, K ;) because the verb of wonder
is not regularly formed from a verb of the measure

1'tt

J*il ; but this is not anomalous ; for it is from

^1 O'ii ijakf ["such a one was, or became,
hateful, or odious, to me :" J^t jUx*j\ U signi-
fying Horn hateful, or odious, is he to me ! but
,jl *-a«vl U, How he liates me ! for] the lexico-
logists and grammarians relate that *i : Anjl U

t. '
is said when thou hatest him ; and <OI --^m.\ U,

when he hates thee: (IB:) ISd says, on the
authority of Sb, that ei ,-Ud^l U means that
thou art an object of hatred (k>ui~o [so in the
TA, but this is evidently a mistake for u**f i a
hater,]) to him ; and Jyt a^uul U, that he is an
object of hatred with thee, or in thine estimation.

(TA.)aMU«fi ^^v u<vvb «#• -*^ *&• >•*>', (so
in the A, and the latter verb thus in the J K and
in the L,) or the former verb is^^ai, (L, K,) and

the latter *,>£y, (K, TA,) like j^i, (TA,) or
t l>»v, (CK,) is a form of imprecation (TA)
J [app. meaning May Ood make thine eye to be
refreshed by the sight of him whom thou levest,

v°**—j*t

and make the eye of thine enemy to be pained by
the tight of him whom he hateth : or may Ood
make an eye to be refreshed by the sight of thee,
and make an eye to be affected with hatred by
the sight of thine enemy].

5. t>»*~> He manifested, or showed, hatred;
or he became, or made himself, an object of
hatred; contr. of^.. * 3. (K.) You say, ^-~m?

•J*-' \J t>««5^ O^* \J^ [Such a one manifested
love to me, or made himself an object of love to
me, and his brother manifested haired to me,
or made himself an object of hatred to me]. (A,
TA.)

6. >yU1 i^^fcUS The company of men hated one
another: (Msb:) v*il$ is the contr. gf^UJ.
(8,5.) You say, U»Ju Uiy j£l c^lj U [I
have not seen any more vehement in mutual hatred
than they two]. (A, TA.)

Ml I t

vaki Hatred; contr. of ^m.: (8, A,]£:) a
subst from iiu^l. (Msb.)

<Ua&/ Vehement hatred; as also ViLkay, (S, A,
Msb, ]£,) and t ail*; [but see 1]. (TA.) = See
also i ^oJl/.

ilaJu : see what next precedes.

* ''

i^o^sl/ : see what next follows.

• -

sJa^Li Hateful; odious; an object of hatred :

(8,A,Msb,»$:) hated; as also * ( > > ii (TA)
and *,JJ£ : (M?b,» TA :) pi. of the first, JUiv'.
(A, TA.) __ Some say that it has also the contr.
signification of Hating; i . q. * ^>aJo: (TA:)
and Skr explains T <Lcuu as signifying people
AaYt'n^thee. (L,TA.»)

1 »'» • ' •

a^oXkj : see JLoay.

see

[A cause of hatred: a word of the same
class as <Uj».~« and .i..a.,<], (A.)

J*

1. fjin, aor. - , inf. n. Si^sXt, said of a man, t. q.
*L3 [i. e. f He affected stupidity, dulness, or
want of intelligence; or he became submissive,
and humble; Sec.]. (TA.) [See also 2.] =J^Xiu:
see 2.

2. J-«(J, the inf. n., signifies f The ftcin^ 6i'y,
/A»cA, or ruf/e, and hard, strong, or sturdy, in
body ; or said of the body : and hence, accord, to
some, is derived *ji^. (TA.) — Jk/, inf. n.
as above, J He was impotent and weak, or languid,
and fatigued, (JK,K, TA,) in going, or pace.
(TA.) — Jy^l wJi* (K,) inf. n. as above, (S,
]£,) j7Vt« camels went a pace beticeen that termed
a ^J-U ana* Mof <crro«/ jlc: (S,*IC,TA:) and
hence '''Ji^ is derived accord, to IDrd : (TA :)
or they went in a certain manner, with wide step :

(JK :) [see also 5 :] or the inf. n. signifies the

... . * •*'' **°*

going in a gentle manner: and one says, Jao Lcl,

i. e. [he wax fatigued, so] he wont en eesy i but a

[Boos I.

quick, pace; syn. L&. {TK.)mm^ki, (inf. n.
as above, TA,) t He made their children to be
base-born, or ignoble, (£, TA,) by marrying among
them ; f (IDrd, TA ;) as also 0*i, aor. - : (^ :)
from jk/ ; because the Jkf [or mule] is unable to
equal the heat, or course, of the horse. (TA.)

5. Ji(3 He (a camel) became like the Ji^ [or
mule] in the width of his step. (TA.) [See
also 2.]
■ • -

^*V The mule; i. e. the animal generated

between tlie he-ass and the mare [or sometimes
between the korse and tke she-ass] ; (TA ;) also
called *Jli/ » so in a verse of Jereer : (8, Seh :)
pi. Ji^l [a pi. of pauc] (JK) and JU^t, [also] a
pi. of pauc, (Msb,) and JU^, (JK, 8, Msb, l£,)
a pi. of mult. ; (Msb;) and quasi-pl. n. t{^i^ )
(K,) meaning a number of mules (Jli/) together:
(JK,* 8 :) the female is termed luj ; (S, Msb,
K ;) pi. O^ and JUy. (Msb.) See 2, in two
places. You say JUJI Jl^l a-j Jjj± [A road
in which is the urine of mules] ; meaning + a
difficult road. (TA.) And ziL/ ,y» 'jil\ ii^i
[Such a woman is more barren than a she-mule].
(TA.) And jll 4 ^ij Jii jijl [The mule is
a bastard, and he is a relation to him] ; meaniii"
t he is a bastard. (TA.) And as the mule sug-
gests the idea of evil disposition, or perverseness,
and roughness, you say, in describing him who is
low, or ignoble, jli JA*' ^L \[He isa mule, a
bastard]. (Er-Riighib.TA.) The people of E-rvut
say, ;U-*- iiX/ J^i (J>^.l, meaning J [Such a
one bought a beautiful] female slave : and , J
Jl«v 0>* (^ £~ti [t In the house of the sons of
such a one are slaves, or female slaves] : and

O^iJI yjt*v o&i c>Wl Jliv ch ^-i>^l [I /
bought of the slaves, or female slaves, of El-Yemen,
but for a high price]. (TA.)

* a* . %* s*

JU^ [n. un. of v SJUv, which is a coll. gen. n.,
... '*•, ^ * . •' 5 <■
like »jl»». and all**., but explained by Freytig

us moaning "he who possfsscs many mules;"]

An owner, or attendant, (Sb, S,) of mules, (Sb,

TA,) or of the mule. (S.) =s Sec also jL, with

which it is syn.

•' s*>

SJUy : see what next precedes.

JiS\ jC-JI O-i J«Jl j^lll 'o* '*\[He is
more mulish than the bull, and more heavy, or
sluggish, than the ass], (TA.)

^jit-r o : sec Jj^.

1- *=~Uj, aor. ; (S, K) and - and i, (K,)
inf. n^l«V(JK,S,K)and>^; (JK,K;) and
* C «« » .. :i ; (K ;) jSAc (a gazelle) uttered a cry :
(S :) or uttered her softest, or gentlest, cry (JK,
K) <o Aer yc«»^ one : (K :) and sometimes it is
said of a [wild] cow: (TA :) so too^i^ said of a
male gazelle : and the verb is also used transi-
tively, said of a female gazelle uttering this cry to
her young one. (JK.) Also, (S, K,) t both
verbs, (K,) She (a camel) uttered a cry without
clearness : (S :) or uttered a broken, or an inter-
ruvtcd, not a prolonged, yearning cry, to, or for,

Book I.]

her young one : (K :) or uttered a weak cry,

below that [grumbling cry] rohtck is termed Aij.

(Ham p. 233.) [See an ex. in a verse of Dhu-r-

llummch cited voce *$\.] And^^u and V*ft*i said

<-#' t *

of the J^3 and JjI and J*j, [all of which words

are said to signify the mountain goat,] He uttered
a cry. (K.) — % (S, K,) and i' J^, (TA,)
t lie spoke to him obscurely, not expressing clearly
to him the meaning of his speech to him; (S,
K ;) taken from the j>\s\t of the she-camel ; be-
cause it is a cry not uttered clearly. (TA.)

3.' *^W, (K,) inf. n. iiiui, (?,) I He tallied
with him with a soft, or gentle, voice : (S, K,
TA :) or <i,«fcU»)l is like i^L^I, and means the
speaking [with another] faintly ; taken from the
j>\i\t [see 1] of the gazelle and the she-camel:
(Ham p. 233 :) or the holding amatory and en-
ticing talk, or conversation, with another, with
a toft, or gentle, voice. (TA.)

6 : sec 1, in three places.

6. [c~»MJ They (gazelles) uttered cries, or
their softest or gentlest cries, one to another.]
One says, i\Jai\ \~i j^\~3 ^-o^ji *->)>* [I passed
by a meadow in which the gazelles were uttering
cries, ice, one to another] : and i>«£LZ> 0*4j*^
[In/ gazelles uttering cries, &c, one to another].
(TA.)

i»ju A thing like the «a^-5, [a necklace,]
with which women ornament themselves. (TA.)
[Hut this is npparcntly post-classical, from the

Turkish Ji**^. In the present day, it is applied
to A necklace of pearls.]

^\Jl/ The crying, or cry, of the female gazelle,
and of the she-camel, as explained above : see 1.

(?.)

vojiu A female gazelle uttering, or that utters,
the cry termed jAki. (S,K.)__t A woman having
a soft, or gentle, voice. (JK, TA.)

^oji-o A young gazelle, and a young camel,
to which the cry termed jrau is addressed by its
mother. ( JK.)__One says, also, jufa* >»Uu [A
crtf &c, uttered]; like as one says, JyU Jy.
(TA.)

1. I.JiJI liu, inf. n. jht, He looked at the
thing [to sec] how it was; (K;) as also ^jkj, (K
in art. ^yu,) inf. n. ,^,10. (TA in that art.)

1. ^Ji/, (S, K, ice.,) aor. - , (Msb, K,) inf. n.
Jb4, (S, Mgh, K, &c.,) or this is a simple subst.,
and the inf. n. is ^Ju, (Msb,) [but, if this be
correct, the former is generally used for the latter,]
and LjiV) (Lb, K,) but the ^ ni * 8 better known,
and is the chaste torm, and some say, ^ji^, (TA,)
and ij>i and Liu, (K,) accord, to Th, but others
hold these two to be simple substs., and some
mention also kJu, with fet-b, (TA,) and 2jU/,
(As, b,TA,) He sought; sought for, or after;
sought, desired, or endeavoured, to find, and take,

or get ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, Sec. ;) a stray-beast,
(As, S, TA,) or any other thing, (S, Mgh,* Msb,»
K/TA,) good or evil; (Lh,TA;j as also t^i^t
and^yLy (S, Msb,K) and \yui-1 : (K:) or
t.JuVl signifies lie sought, ice, diligently, studi-
ously, sedulously, or earnestly : (Er-Raghib, TA:)
and .Ju signifies also he loved, or affected, a
thing: (MF,TA:) or, accord, to Er-Raghib, the
inf. n. signifies the seeking to exceed the just
bounds in respect of that which one aims at, or
endeavours after, whether one actually exceed or
do not ; and sometimes it is considered in relation
to quantity; and sometimes, in relation to quality.
(TA.) You say, ji^ a\iu [He sought him with
an evil purpose; or sought to do him evil]. (S
and K in art. *,»>**.) — And »U^ He sought, ice,
a thing for him; like a) .J4. (Lh, Mgh,* K.*)
You say,- s^yill »Uu He sought, ice, the thing for
him; (S,K;) as also i^li\ tiUul: (K:) thus
you say, I j£s \j*A or \j& ' l Ji^\ and ^ %f\
I J»i= Seek thou for me such a thing ; (TA ;) and
LJ UUj "(^^i^l Seek thou for me my stray-beast :
(Mgh:) or i^— £>1 t *U^I signifies He aided, or
assisted, him to seek the thing : (Ks, K :) or
(Jl^ "(-Jul signifies Seek thou for me such a
thing ; and also Aid thou me to seek such a thing.
(JK.) It is said in the Kur [ix. 47], JJ^^i
Ai^ii) They seek, or desire, for you discord, or
dissension; or they seeking, &c. : and in the same
[iii. 94], U-j* \J)**t* Ye seek, or desire, for it,
namely, the way [of God], crookedness ; or ye
seeking, &c. : the first objective complement of
the verb being in the accus. case because of the
suppression of the preposition J. (TA.) _
[Hence, app.,] t\y \j^*i It procured to me
disease; it caused disease to befall me. (Ham
p. 794.) And aAsl/ ^JJ <jJI Verily he is one who
makes much gain: (JK, K:) but in the M, ^>
y J 31 AjUu, meaning a seeker of gain. (TA.)

And a) ^Jli U Oood was not appointed to betide
kirn. (TA.) _ <u».t jjJLt \^i> •»* n - ^J*Jy He
envied his brother ; lie wished that a blessing, or
cause of liappiness, or an excellence, might become
transferred from his brother to himself: so says
Lh, who holds this to be the primary signification
of the verb. (TA.) It is said in a prov., ijiJI
jJaJ\ JUt [Envy is the shackle of aid from God
against an enemy or a wrongdoer]. (TA.) _
Hence, (Lh, TA,) < Jl/ signifies The acting wrong-
fully, injuriously, or tyrannically ; (Lh, S, TA;)
because the envier so acts towards the envied ; his
endeavour being to cause, by guile, the blessing
of God upon him to depart from him: (Lh,TA:)
or the seeking, or endeavouring, to act corruptly,
wrongly, or unjustly : (Az, TA :) or the exceeding
the due bounds, or just limits, in any way : (S :)
accord, to Er-Raghib, it is of two kinds : one of
these is approved, and this is the passing beyond
the bounds of equity to exercise beneficence, and
beyond the bounds of obligatory duties to do what
is not obligatory : the other is disapproved, and
this is the passing beyond the bounds of that which
is true, or right, to do that which is. false, or

231

wrong, or to do acts of a doubtful nature : but in
most instances it is that which is disapproved.
(TA.) You say, *£ ^, (S, K,) and tJ U ^

j^UI, (Az, Msb,) aor. - , (K,) inf. n. ^jM*, (Msb,
K,) He exalted himself against him, or above
him ; overpowered, or oppressed, him ; (Fr, §,
K;) acted wrongfully, injuriously, or tyranni-
cally, towards him ; and deviated from the right
way: (K:) and he acted wrongfully, injuriously,
or tyrannically, towards men, or the people, (Az,
Msb,) and sought to annoy ihem, or hurt them.
(Az, TA.) Lh mentions, on the authority of Ks,

the saying, ^ ^i* jjiaaj £JJj ^ U [What
have I to do with wrongful conduct, the wrongful
conduct of one of you towards another?], for
jjAJUj ; ISd thinks, because of the difficulty
found in pronouncing the kesreh after the ^j.
(TA.) ,Jy also signifies He occupied himself
with corrupt, wrong, or unjust, conduct : [nccord.
to Fci,] from the same verb [in a sense to be
mentioned below,] said of a wound. (Msb.) Also,

aor. - , (TA,) inf. n. LJ i^, (Az, TA,) He magni-
fied himself; or behaved proudly, haughtily, or
insolently : (Az, TA :) because he who docs so
passes beyond the bounds of his proper station to
a station that docs not belong to him. (TA.)^_
And [hence,] *^i-« ^ ^yu, (K,) inf. n. ^i,
(TA,) He [app. a horee, and perhaps a man also,]
was proud, or self-conceited, and quick, in his
gait : (K :) or ^yu in a horee, (S, TA,) or in the
running of a horse, (JK, TA,) is the being proud,
or self-conceited, with exceeding briskness or live-
liness or sprightliness. (JK, S, TA.) ^— And wAj

;Cjl, (S, K,) inf. n. {Ju, (TA,) Tke sky rained
vehemently : (A 'Obcyd, S, K :) or exceeded, in
rain, the limit of what was wanted. (Er-Raghib,
TA.) And (^jtyt ^Ju The valley flowed with
water reaching to a place to which it had not

reached before. (S, TA.) «Lii, (§, Mgh, Msb,

K,) said of a woman, (Th, IKh, §, Msb, and so
in some copies of the K,) or of a female slave, (so
in other copies of the K,) but it is not restricted
to the latter, (TA,) aor. , , (JK, Msb,) inf. n.

:i^, (IKh,JK,S,Mgh,Msb,TA,) or^, (ISd,
K,) [but the former, only, is commonly known,]
She committed fornication, or adultery ; she pros-
tituted herself; (JK,S, Mgh, Msb, I£ ;) because
she who docs so transgresses her proper bounds ;
(TA;) as also Tc-iW, (IKh, S,» Msb, K,) inf. n.
*Uu (IKh, K) and »UU«, (K,) said of a female
slave: (Msb:) or »UL» signifies the committing
fornication, or adultery, with another. (KL.)
It is said in the Kur [xxiv. 33], ^*CUa yhji *^
»UJI ,^1* [And compel not ye your young women
to prostitute themselves]. (Mgh.) And you sav,
'^jcLj »Lr*JI w-*y»- [The woman went forth for
prostituting herself]. (S.) Accord, to the Jema ct-
Tcfareek, *U^ signifies The knowing of a woman's
committing fornication or adultery, or prostituting
herself, and approving, or being content : but this,
if correct, is an amplification in speech. (Mgh.)
— r^f-" \^4> (JK» ?, Msb,) aor. - , inf. n. ^4,
(JK,) T/te wound swelled, (S,) and became in a
corrupt state, (JK, S, Msb,) and produced thick

232

purulent matter. (J K.) And ,Jv .J* <*»v>- '/#
7/u wound healed having somewhat of corruption
in it. (S.) _ J$, (K,) aor. ■- , inf. n. J£, (TA,)
also signifies He lied; said what was untrue. (K.)
jjiui U, in the Kur [xii. 65], is said to mean We
do not lie :' and we do not act wrongfully : or it
may mean what do we seek, or desire ? (TA.) _
Also, (K,) inf. n. ,jkf, (TA,) He looked at a
thing [to see] how it was; (K ;) and so \k/, inf. n.
yu : mentioned by Kr. (TA.)_And, (K,)
with the snmc inf. n., (TA,) He looked, matched,
or waited, for a person or thing. (Kr, K.)

3 : see 1, latter part, in two places. = Lh
mentions the saying, addressed to a pretty woman,

^jiU *jjj il t *f I <**»'i as meaning Verily thou
art pretty, and mayest thou not be smitten by the
[evil] eye : (T A in this art. :) but accord, to some,
the verb in this instance belongs to art. tyt or art.
£*. (TAinart. £*.)

4: see 1, in five places •15^-" »^M also sig-
nifies He .made him, or caused him, to seek the
thing ; to seek for it, or after it ; to seek, or
desire, or endeavour, to find, and take, or get, it.

(90

5 : see 1, first sentence.

6. ly-CJ They acted wrongfully, injuriously,
or tyrannically, one towards another; exalted
themselves, one against, or above, another ; over-
jwwered, or oppressed, one another. (S, TA.)

7. i>«il is said in the § to bo quasi-pass, of
a^v, like as j~£l is of <oj— £> ; and Esh-Shihab
says of the aor. that it is quasi-pass, of aliu, aor.
*e*rt, in the sense of <uU» : (TA :) [Fci says,] it
lias l)oon asserted that .JlJI is quasi-pass. of^Ju •
hut a verb of the measure JjUjI is not used as a
qunsi-pnss. unless it implies effort, and the conse-
qiiencc of an action, as in the case of aj...,f->, of
which the quasi-pass, is jSj\ ; which .ji-Jl docs
not : some, however, allow its being thus used :
(Msb :) accord, to Zj, it is as though it were syn.
with ty.Hnil, as quasi-pass, of ^JLfe, and means
It was, or became, suitable, fit, meet, or proper ;
(Zj,TA;) [or right, and allowable; and good:
or very requisite : (see explanations of exs. fol-
lowing:) or it behooved: and] it was, or became,
facilitated, or easy ; (Er-Raghib, K j) and prac-
ticable, or manageable. (Er-Raghib, TA.) Accord,
to some, this verb is not used in the pret. tense,
but only in the uor. : it is reckoned among verbs
imperfectly inflected : (Msb, TA :) but the pret.
is mentioned by AZ and Sb and Zj, and by El-
Klmttaboe on the authority of Ks ; and was often
used by Esh-Sh&fi'cc : it is, however, very rare.
(TA.) You say, \J£» jiu jf Jti ^jh^, [It is
suitable to thee, or is fit, meet, or proper, &c.,
for thee, or it behooveth thee, that thou shouldst
do such a thing]. (S, TA.) And, accord, to Zj,

w)*^ (J 1 O*^ t.5*'''' a8 mcanm g It na *> or be-
came, suitable to such a one, or fit, meet, or proper,
for him, that he should do, or to do, such a thing.

(TA.) And ijjk JjU3 o' & ^j£t £» (Lh, K,)
and ♦ c ^il' U, (K, TA,) with fct-h to the t,
(TA,) and j£\U, and t^JTUj (Lh,K;) of
which lour phrases, the first is given by Lh as

explanatory of the third and fourth, and means,
accord, to Esh-Shihab, It is not right, proper,
fit, or meet, nor allowable, for thee that thou
shouldst do this, or to do this ; and it is not good
for thee kc. ; but he adds that only the aor. has
been heard from the Arabs in this sense. (TA.)
And I jj=> &•)£* ^1 ij*~i It is very requisite
that it should be so, or that such a thing should
be ; [or it ought to be so, or such a thing ought
to be ; it behooves that it should be so, or such a
thing behooves ;] it is not well that such a thing
should be neglected, or left undone. (Msb.) And
Ks is related to have heard, from the Arabs, the
phrase, 1J0 Ori O' L****i "•! meaning It is
not right that it should be so, or that such a thing
should be : or it is not good &c. (Msb.) It is
said in the Kur [xxxvi. 09], LiJ ^i£)l »UJl* Uj
*l U^**i> •• e - [And we have not taught him
poetry, or versification], nor is it right, proper,
fit, or meet, for him : (Bd :) or nor is it easy to
him, (Bd, Jel, Er-Raghib,) or practicable to him.
(Bd, Er-Raghib.)

8 : see 1, first sentence, in two places : _ and
see also 7, in two places.

10 : see 1, first sentence.— You say also, , >■" I
it — *t- ,. t ,, » » \» •

*>«-* >>UI and a) \yu [He ashed the people, or
company of men, to seek a thing for him, and
they sought it for him]. (Lh, K.)

^i [originally an inf. n. (see 1)] Much of
rain ; or much rain : in [some of] the copies of
the K, ^la^l is erroneously put for ^l»*)l : (TA :)

[and in some, ^>J\ for ^Jij\ : in a MS. copy,
I find jLjl '<j* jeiill AiJI : and in the CK,
ji*M £y» j^Si\ ^jXJI :] or eU-Jt ^jl/ signifies
the main portion, (As, S,) or the vehemence, and
the main portion, (Lh, JK, TA,) of the rain of
the sky. (As, Lh, JK, S,TA.) Hence the saying,
UJU. £1)1 j£ UiiS (As.S.TA) or U (Lh,
TA) [lit. We drove away the main portion, or
the vehemence, and the main portion, of the rain
of the shy behind us or from us ; meaning it was
driven away behind us or from us, or it departed;
as is shown in art. %>>].

ifkf : see what next follows.

S^ki and * iju (JK, S, Msb, K) and ♦

(K) -A. thing sought ; ( JK, K ;) as also * 1>UJ
[originally an inf. n. (see 1)] : (JK:) or a thing
wanted, needed, or required ; an object of want
or need ; a want, or needful or requisite thing or
affair: (S, Msb:) as in the saying, .<-»,.», J
*eJV O*^ ailt l *e*# [-^ have among the sons of
such a one an object of want] : (S :) or the first
signifies a state that one seeks; and the second, a
thing itself that one wants : (As, S, Msb :•) and
the first, (JK,) or third, (K,) signifies also a
stray beast that is sought: (JK, K:) the pi. of

the second is ^jj^. (JKO **& O^* 1^* ^J^j 1
[The thing that lie sought was refused to such a
one] is said of one who finds not what he seeks.
(TA.)

jjtf : sec what next follows.

4 - • -

^jiu, accord, to some, of the measure J-*i ;

[Book I.

accord, to others, of the measure Jyw, originally
{_$5*j ; [if of the former, originally meaning
"sought;" and if of the latter, originally meaning
"seeking;"] and therefore [in either case] not
admitting the affix i : (TA :) A fornicatress, an
adulteress, or a prostitute; (JK, S, Mgh, Msb,

K;) as also *yy [of the measure Jhj»», and

I,. i .

therefore anomalous, like ^i]: (M,K:) ^jki is

not applied to a man, (Lh, Msb,) nor iuiu to a

woman: (Lh, TA :) pi. ClA^. (S, Mgh,' Msb.)
. # * *

[Soo an ex. voce yy*.] — Also A female slave,

(JK. S, K,) whether she be a fornicatress or an
adulteress or a prostitute or not; (TA;) not
meant to imply revilcmcnt, though originally
applied to female slaves because of their prostitu-
tion of themselves : (S :) or a free woman who is
a fornicatress or an adulteress or a prostitute : so
in the K : but correctly, or a fornicatress or an
adulteress or a prostitute, whether free or a slave:'
(TA:) and a female singer, though chaste; be-
cause of fornication's being originally attributable
to such a |>crson : (Msb :) pi. as above. (JK, S,
TA.) One says, CliJI^-yjJ ^ c~«l5 [The
female slaves stood over their heads]. (S.)_
IjUv also signifies The scouts, or companies of
scouts, tliat precede an army: (S, K,TA:) but
the sing, of this is t i^k/. (TA.)

Zfkj : sec i^u. = Also, pi. LUu : sec (> y4, last
sentence.

ajUj : sec i-iu.

il^ Seeking; seeking for, or after; seeking,
desiring, or endeavouring, to find, and take, or
<?<•< : pi. 5Uu and oW** (K) and !Uj. (TA :
[there mentioned as a pi., but not said to be of
cU, nor explained.]) >Uj el^, lit. A seeker of

[stray] camels and a guide of the way, mentioned

in a trad, respecting the Ilijreh (as said by Aboo-

Bekr to a man who asked him " Who are ye ?"),

alludes to the seeking of religion and the guiding

from error. (TA.) One says, Jj^M ».iy) Ui>*
" * - 1 * ' 1 1
ly) jj~aj LiUxj, i. c. [Disperse ye, for these

camel*, scehers] to scatter themselves in search
thereof. (S.) _ Acting wrongfully, injuriously,
or tyrannically, [&c.,] towards others: pi. i\ju.
(Msb. [See 1.]) pC '£i, in the Kur ii. 1(3»,
[&c.,] means Not being a revolt cr from the llftts-
lims, (Jel,) or, against the Imam: (TA :) or it
means not desiring to cat for the sake of enjoy-
ment : or not. seeking to exceed the limit of his
want : (Az, TA :) or not seeking what he should
not seek. (Er-Raghib, TA.) i-tb Hi A company
of men revolting from the just Imam. (K.) iiji
i;cG A party occupying itself with corrupt,
wrong, or unjust, conduct. (Msb.)__A camel
that docs not impregnate, or get with young. (Kr,

K.) A horse that is proud, or self -conceited,

with exceeding briskness or liveliness or sprigktli-

ncss : (JK, Ham ]). 210:) [but] Kh disallows its

• - tt
being thus used. (S.)=[Thc pi.] oW*^ also

signifies What the sportsman, or hunter, seeks, of

game, or objects of the chase. (JK.)

**'

.Ju* [A place where a thing is sought : and

Book I..]

hence, a rvay, or manner, in which a thing is,
or should be, sought] : this is meant in the saying,
"*5UL* ^y» JUt w«g»y [I sought wealth by the

rvay, or manner, whereby it should be sought];

•f» . . . '**„ **A

like as ^yU is meant in the saying, j**)\ C--JI

«5UU,>«. (?.)

* ' •'

SUl«* : see what next precedes.

)t yUUI, (K,) or, as in the Tckmilcli, ^ yu ^l,
(TA,) The lion: (K :) because he is always seek-
ing prey. (TA.)

■""

jiJjl : sec what next precedes.

1. ^j (J K, M,) aor. ^ ; and &, [first pcrs.

it* • £.. i, ^** , . i i

CJUfr] aor. Ji-j [in the TA J~>, which, being

... s -

anomalous, is probably a mistake,] inf. n. JJ and

J»»V [which is of the latter verb accord, to analogy]
and ^yki ; (M ;) lie spoke, or talked, muck ;
was, or became, loquacious; (JK,M, TA;) as
also * J,l (JK, S, M, TA) and t J&. (M, TA.)

And lc~J£* J*> [in which case the aor., accord, to

i "
rule, unless the noun be a specificativc, is J>~>,]

a.
and >*)IUy ^ [7/e w<w, or became, profuse in

speech]. (M.) And^yUI ^s. &, (Zj,K,) or

•U**£> Si, (M») '"<"• "• A "«<» jtii, (K,) He
spoke, or talked, much against the people, or cow-
pany of men ; (Zj, M,* K ;) or also ♦ JJA (K.)

Hence, (TA,) liliy' Jij^l 0*jL. Ji [7Viom hast
filled the earth, or land, with much discoursing],
said, in dispraise, to a voluminous writer. (M,TA.)
_c-v»j and " wJol, said of a woman, She had
many children : (JK, S, M, K :) or, as Sb says,
I jJj w»v -*A« brought forth many children. (M,

TA.) iUfjl cif, (S, M, K,) and t cJjI, (M,

TA,) The sky rained much, and consecutively,
or uninterruptedly : (M, TA:*) or rained vehe-

*"«"%• (9, M i K.) — J*, (M, K,) aor. ^o,
(M,) or j*', (TA,) inf. n. ji, (M.TA,) J/e
</a»« largely, or amply: (IF, M,K,*TA :) in
some of the copies of the K, <»<i»»JI is erroneously
put for aJkdl. (TA.) And sltuOl U JJ 7/ c
m<ufe Me ^j/fc torye, or ample, to us. (M.)_
<JU ^ He distributed, or dispersed, or scattered,
his property; (K;) as also ♦ 4Jy. (JK, # K.)
__j-*iJt J*, inf. n. J^, i/e spread, and sent
forth, the news, or information. (M.) __ ^
iyj£-i\, aor. j^j, lie pwf forth, or too* /o?7/t,
rcAa* was in the thing. (M, TA.) Hence, (M,)
•vW* i#t (M| L, TA,) in the K, erroneously,
ili*, (TA,) He *preaa* out (K,TA) hit [receptacles
of skin, or leather, termed] vW*» and put forth,
or took forth, what was in them. (TA.)__l/e
clave, slit, ripped, or rent, the thing. (JK.) So
in the phrase ^>\f*^\ & [He slit, ripped, or
rent, and opened, (see JjyL~»,) tAe 6«(/, or recep-
tacle, for travelling-provisions $c.]. (K.) — J*,
(IF,K,) inf. n. JyW, (TA,) said of a plant, [app.
from its cleaving the earth,] It came forth. (IF,
Bk.1.

K, TA.) = ol*UI St [aor., app., J*», or J*.,]
TAe ;>toce abounded with J* [i. e. <7na*s, or wiui-
quitoes; or fcu^] ; as also t J^l. (M, TA.)
2 : see 1.

4 : see 1, in five places. _,j"jb jJ« Jkjl, inf. n.
JUjil, 7%e children of such a one multiplied ; be-
came many, or numerous. (TA.)__^«)I c«*vl
VJ^-JI iV» accord, to the K, (TA,) or * cXil

^»ju»- >»lc ,«i ^«J', (JK, and thus in the O,
TA,) 7%c ««.•«», or she-goats, being lean, or meagre,
brought forth [in drought, or scarcity, or in a
year of drought or scarcity]. (JK, O, K, TA.)
— L^'j" c*' ^' e valley put forth its plants, or
herbage. (O, L, TA.) In the K, iiU/' -Ij*. is

erroneously put for *51J jt-^»- (TA.)— .^y-yl

'•' **

l^., or \ji>, He did to him much, or ample, good,

otevil. (Ibn-'Abbad,JK,K.)
7 : see 4.

^ R. Q. 1. }£\ J%, (S, M,) ;"OW, (M,) [inf. n.
IaJl), q. v. infra,] The mug made a [guggling or
gurgling] sound with the water [on being dipped
into it or on one's pouring out from it]. (S,* M.)
And jjJiM cJLjy The cooking-pot boiled [so as
to make a sound of Imbbling]. (M.)__ See also 1.
—.^^JDl UJU tjjju i. q. aiji [lit. He scattered
speech (app. meaning he jabbered) at us, or

#. ..5. j... 2.

against us: compare.^*)! ^yU Jif, or a**jI^ ^Jj,

above]. (K.)

£. • .. o2.

Jk; : see JUu. __ <uu A woman having many

. »-'
children: (Ibn-'Abbad, JK, K :) and ~Juu« a

woman that brings forth many children. (M,

TA.)— &jj\ [A trace, mark, track, impression,
or the like,] that is plainly apparent, or conspi-
cuous. (JK,TA.)«sAlso, a pi. n. ; (S, TA ;)
[or rather a coll. gen. n. ;] sing., (S, TA,) or

n. un., (JK, M,Msb,K,*) iij i (JK, S, M, &c. ;)
Gnats, or musquitoes ; syn. ^iyy: (S, M,K=*)
or large u6^> : (JK, M, Msb :) the poet 'Abd-
er- Rahman Ibn-El-Hakam, cited by IB, speaks
of their singing [or humming]. (TA.) ^j^z L,
SJu [0 eye of a gnat or musquito] denotes small-
ncss of the person of him to whom it is said ; or
of the eye, as being likened to the eye of the
gnat or musquito. (Har p. G19. [See an ex.

voce (3j*-]) Also, [in the M is here added

"it is said," but this implies uncertainty where
none exists,] A kind of insect, [namely, bugs,]
(M, K,) resembling the louse, (M, TA,) [but
larger,] wide, (K,) red, and stinking, (M, K,)

* *' J'i «

[and hence termed ,jli* Jl^,] found in bed-frames,

or couch-frames, and in walls, [and therefore termed
^iLi\ $i and O'-K*-" S>] (M,TA,) called

also j~aaJt CjL^ [from being found in mats] ;

(TA ;) when one kills them, he smells [what

resembles] the odour of bitter almonds proceeding

from them. (M, TA.) Jjl Sj^J, [The elm-

• .#. .

tree] : see j'iji-

♦.::-

see what next follows.

<JU^ A man who speaks, or talks, much; loqua-
cious ; talkative ; garrulous ; a great talker ;

233

(S, K ;) whether incorrectly or correctly; (M ;)
or such is termed * JUv ; (so written in a copy
of the M ;) as also * ii\Ju, (JK, S, K,) but this
has a more intensive signification, (S, TA,) and*
t j^, (M, Sgh, K,) and » j\£ T (JK, S, M,) or

♦ JLiy' J*iii, (K,) and » ji JU, (K.) which last
occurs in a trad., but accord, to one recital it is
j_j*V yj^t >n which the former word signifies
" cast away," and the latter is an imitative sequent

thereto : (TA :) " iSiu, also, [app. pi. of JW»] i>
syn. with Oii^y [great talkers, &c] : (IAar,
TA:) and JUy [thus written without teshdeed]
signifies a babbler; nonsensical, irrational, foolish,
or delirious, in his talk ; one mho speaks confusedly
and improperly; or who speaks, or talks, much
and badly, or erroneously. (M.) [See also 1, of

which it is an inf. n.] Also, (K,) n. un. with

5, (JK, K,) A hind of clamorous bird: (JK,

K:) but Sgh writes it ['(Jl«v,] with teshdeed.
(TA.)^ Also The worthless, or wwrtn, or vile,
articles of the furniture or utensils of a house or
tent, or of household-goods. (M, K.)

t . .. i ..

3S\if : sec JUj.

« s- • ..

J>l«V ! see Jl*v, in two places.

SJuif a word imitative of The [guggling or
gurgling] sound of a mug (JK, S, K) [when
dipped] in water, (JK, K,) and the like: (K :)
and of a cooking-pot in its boiling. (TA.) [See
also R. Q. 1.]

9 .0. • ..

JUu : sec JU,>, in two places. _ Also The

mouth. (K.)

3. •-. **'._ 3'

Jk~o : sec JUj. __ ii-o [its fern.] : see J^.

ii^o ^jt jl /ana abounding with ^j [i. e.
gnats, or musquitoes ; or bugs]; (M, TA;) like
as you say Uuu«, (TA in art ,>uu.)

Jyt-* «—>!/»• [-<4 6a^, or receptacle, for travel-
ling-provisions $c] opened : (JK:) or slit, ripped,
or rent, and opened. (Ibn-'Abbad, TA.)

J**

1. 'jk(, (S, K, &c.,) aor. -' , (JK, S, A, Mgh,
Msb,) or - , (K,) [but this seems to be a mistake,]
inf. n. jii, (S, Msb,) He slit; ripped; split;
cut, or divided, lengthwise. (S, Msb, K, &c.) He
slit, or ripped open, an animal's belly. (A, Mgh.)
One says, *y »** > t>* **/*v' -K*/' ''""' <V>«n her
[a camel's] 6e//y *o as to disclose her fait us. (S.)
[See jJli.] — 2Te opened, or /aia" open. (S, A,
Msb.)__/Ze widened; made wide, or ample.
(S, K.) _ ZTfl opened, and widened, or maae
wia*e, a house, or tent. (TA, from a trad.)___
He opened and revealed to a person a story.
(TA, from a trad.) _ u^j^ j*i> said of a j-hj.it
[or hoopoe], It looked for tke place of water and
saw it: (K :) [or it clave tke ground and dis-
covered water:] occurring in a trad, respecting
the jJkjuk of Solomon [mentioned in the Kur
ch. xxvii.] (T.) — o*^* ^ <£.& Jle }tnew
the state, condition, case, or affair, of the sons of

such a one, and examined, or inspected, them.
it ....

(K.) _>»jA*M ijx jX( He inquired, and searched

30

234

to the utmost, after sciences. (A.) __,«JixM yu :
see 0. wmt jkf, nor. - , He (a dog) became con-
founded, (S, £,) and stupified, (TA,) w«M joy,
(5,) at seeing y\i, (8»K») •• e., tr— 5" >V l>' w
oxen, or n>i'W 6«/#» or cows] ; (TA ;) like as one
"says JjA meaning " he sported," or " played,"
" at seeing a gazelle," or " a young gazelle ;" as
also Ijitt '• or t'"' former, he feared, so that he
was astonished, amazed, or stupified, at seeing
many j&f : (TA rooe ja»j :) and t the latter sig-
nifies also [simply] he became confounded, or per-
plexed: (lAar, TA :) and he doubted respecting

a thing. (K.) Also, aor. as above, inf. n. jiu

(S,K) and jij; (K ;) but Az says, El-Mundhirce
has informed me that AHeyth disallowed jju,
saying that it is accord, to analogy jju, as the
verb is in trans. ; (TA;) He (a man) became tired,
or fatigued, (8, K,) so that he could hardly see ;
(?L ;) and he became weary, or jaded ; (S, K.;)
as also t^'. (S,5.«)

• !'•' * -

2. ^yJ)*- U >yUI jJs> !%« people dug the tract
around them, and made wells. (As.)

5. ji*3 It (a she-camel's belly) became ripped
open; as also T ^i^l and *yuil. (TA.)^/<
became open. (As.)_ And t. 9. *->y ; (As, K ;)
as also ~jit*3. (K.) So in the phrase ^ yw
^»i*JI [He enlarged himself, or <ooA a wide range,
in science, or knowledge] ; (8, A, Msb ;) and
^Jbdl "yv, inf. n. jkf, signifies the same. (TA.)
And so in the phrase JUM 15* y%3, (S, A, Msb,)
and Jv^l ^, (TA,) i. e. f He enlarged himself,
or he became, or mack himself, large, or rt/)«n-
a^nf, tn wealth, or camels or <Ae fr'Ae, and m
family ; as explained by As. (A'Obeyd.) You
say also, SJS)\ yJ, [meaning j>*j&\ ^i,] i. e.,
He was diffuse, or profuse, in speech ; syn. JM
«> (A.)

* -

7: see 5.

8 : see 0.

Q. Q. 1 : see 1, <V. three places.

Q. Q. 2 : see 0.

y> a gen. n., (8, Msb,) a word of well-known
meaning, (8, Ms. b, }$.,) [The bovine genus ; the
ox, or bull, and cow ; and oxen, or 6uWs, and
con'*; neat; black cattle ;] applied to the domes-
tic and the wild : (TA :) [but the wild have also
«Mstinctive appellations, as will be seen below :]
n. un. ijif, (8, Msb, $, [but in the Kl it is said
that jAf is pi. of tjif,]) which is applied to the
male and the female ; (S, Msb, £ ;) the » being
added only to restrict it to unity : (8, Msb :)
the pi. ofy> is ji^l [a pi. of pauc.]j (M,) and
jMfi, meaning herds of oxen, or bulls, or cows:
(Msb and TA in art. Jyl :) and the pi. of Ijiu
is dyv (8, Msb, $) and y% and ;U* (1£) and
JJI^ (As,T,$) and tj^i; ($;) [or rather
this last is a quasi-pl. n. ;] and the following
[also] arc quasi-pl. ns., namely, T jy^, (K,)
which is syn. with yi, (S,) and '^ij, (£,) or
this signifies a collection, or Aero", ofy%, (S,)
and *y\, (K,) or this signifies a collection, or

herd, of ji* with their pastors, (Lth, S,) and
"j>»W> an d " »>y W> (K,) or this last is syn. with

Sjsu in the dial, of the people of El- Yemen : (S :)

** -1' * * ■"' * * "'

or T jyy and T J5 io and T jyjl are all syn. with

y^ ; and so, accord, to Ktr, is ♦ SjyV (Mgh.)
_ u la»yt yy [and ,^^.^1 jJLJt signify TAc
wt'W 0*, or bull, and cow; and wild oxen, or
/;«//.«, and con;», collectively: n. un. i£»-yl <^>
and A L " m.^\ ijiui\ ; masc. and fern. : in Egypt,
these appellations are applied to the ant Hope dc-
fassa of modern zoologists : so says Sir Gardner
Wilkinson ; and to this, I believe, they generally
apply in the poems &c. of the early Arabs : it is
a species of bovine antelope: in Barbary, it seems
that the animal thus called is another species
of bovine antelope, or perhaps a variety of the
former ; it is said to be what is termed by Pallas
antilope bubalis; by others, alcephalus bubalis,
or acronolus bubalis; and this is said to come
occasionally to the Nile : but the Arabic appella-
tions given above are employed with much laxity :
thus we find (^*.yi jk( explained as meaning] a
hind of animal of which there are four different
species: the tirst called ly* [i. e. \*, a coll. gen. n.
of which the n. un. is »V*] ; *Ae second, J^l [i. e.
Ji}]; the third jy—~i [i.e. jy*-i], or jyoh
[1. e. jy»\i] ; the fourth, J^j [or J^i], and also
J*3 ['• e - J*j] : (Ed-Demeeree, cijed by De
Sacy, erroneously written by him " Domairi,"
in his direst. Ar. sec. ed. ii. 435 ct scq. :) or

what is called in Persian \Jji^ [ or Oiy^ ( 80C
also JjkiJ in art. Jjl)] ; it has a great horn, with
branches; an additional branch growing upon
its horn every year ; and its horn is solid, thus
differing from tlte horns of other animals, for
their horns are hollow: when it hears singing,
and the sounds of musical instruments, it listens
thereto, and then it takes no care to guard itself
from the arrows, by reason of its intense delight
therein : when it raises its ear, it hears sounds ;
and when it relaxes it, it hears not anything.
(I£zw : also cited by De Sacy, ubi supra.) The
Arabs regard jiu [meaning J^yl^] as ominous
of evil, because of the sharpness of their horns.
(EEam p. 285.) — SyXJI .iJlli ij* [The quantity
that fills the hide of the bull, or cow,] means I a
large quantity. (A.) — j3LJ\ ^Js. ;tljij| [or

fCJat] and^l ^ ^,ljfll [or vljfll, and «3flt
or v^'j] ar e provs. of the Arabs. (TA.) [See
arts, ^jfii and ^>j&> and v-^»-] — >M O^
\[The buphtkalmum, or ox-eye ;] i. q. .Lj, q. v.
(b in art jy/.) — ^iJI ^^c J A species of grape,
black, large, round, and not very sweet. (K., TA.)
In Palestine, applied to \A species of ^o\^.\ [or
plum]. (JS., TA.) — jju is also applied to J A
family, or household; those who dwell with a
man, and whose maintenance is incumbent on
him. (TA.) You say, £b ^Z 0$ ;"ll r Such
a one came dragging along his family, or Aotwe-
AoW. (A,»TA.) And Jl^c ^ \'£ «£i ^
JUj t Upon such a one is dependent a troop, or
large number, of his family, and of camels or the
like; (A,*TA;) and in like manner you say,

[Book I.

JWft ^ J,j£a. (A.) And ^IJI '&.& <J Cfti
t Such a one is among a large company of men.
(A.)

jJii Slit; ripped; split; cut, or divided, length'

wise; as also "jyu«. (K.) A she-camel having

her belly ripped open so as to disclose her foetus.
(S.) — A mare's colt or foal that is born in a
[membrane such as is called] i£-U or (Jlw :
(K :) so termed because this is ripped open over
it. (TA.) _ Also, and t ijA, A garment of the
kind called }#, which is slit [in the middle], and
worn (As, KL) by a rvoman, who throws it upon
her neck, [putting her head through the slit,]
(As,) without sleeves, (As, K,) and without a
v-t»- [or an opening at the bosom]; (As;) i.q.
t^! [l« v -]> which is a hind of shirt without
sleeves, worn by women. (S.) aess See also jif.

»jtN- see jty.

jU^ A grave-digger; syn. jU»>. (TA.)__A

worker in iron; a blacksmith. (#..)^An owner,

or a possessor, [or an attendant,] ofjif [or oxen,

or bulls, or cows]. (K.)

•a 3* tm

AijU^ Lac A strong staff or stick [such, app.,

as is used for driving oxen or bulls or cows], (K.)

yUl The lion: (K:) because, when ho catches

his prey, he rips open his belly. (TA.)__y^

and ^ Sjiif, [the latter an intensive epithet,] A

man wAo inquires, and searches to the utmost,

after sciences. (A.) And j£* J5^ One n'Ao

* *
enlarges himself, or takes a wide range, in science,

or knowledge. (Msb.) — »ji(f i^», (S,r>,) occur-
ring in a trad., (TA,) \A sedition, discord, dis-
sension, or the like, that severs society; (K;) that
corrupts religion, and separates men : or that is
wide-spreading anil great : (TA :) it is likened to
the disease of the belly; meaning the yellow water
or fluid : (S :) or to pain of the belly ; because its
exciting cause and its cure urc unknown. (TA.)

= Sec also yu.
*. m - • .

5j3U : see j»\f.

%0 090

s j*ti Abundance of wealth, or of camels or the
like, and of commodities, or household goods or
utensils and furniture. (K..)

* • ' \

JVW: )

* It'

s jyV ; j

* 1.1 \

see jkj ; each in two places.

jy~c: sce^..

u-V

^^Si and T u-e~i#, (K,) the latter written, in
some copies of the K, ^rtSj, (TA,) [The box-
tree; Greek xvfos;] a certain kind of tree, resem-
bling the ,^1 [or myrtle] in leaves and berries : or
i. q. iUL>i [a Persian word, also applied to the
box-tree] : (K :) it grows in the country of the
Oreeks ; and spoons and doors are made of it,
because of its hardness : and it may be with ^S
[^k>, which is explained by Sgh and in the K as

'

Book I.]

• .' • »

a kind of tree called in Persian ^L. uSji- ; and
this, also, is a name of the box-tree] : (TA :) it
is astringent, having the property of drying up
the moisture of the intestines ; and its saw-dust,
kneaded with honey, strengthens the hair, and
makes it abundant, and is good for (or prevents,
as in the CK,) the headache, and with the white
of the egg is good for what is termed ^Ji}, QJL,)
i. e., a fracture [of the flesh]. (TA.)

we- * i ' : sec ir**/* above.

y£JLf A certain kind of tree, called in Persian

j_jC cA>""> (Sgh, K,) which means " good in
shade;" [and also is applied to the box-tree;] as
has been suid before, voce ,_^v, which may be
the same : IDrd says that ^JJy is a post-clussical
word. (TA.)

1. *xt, aor. - , (M?b, Kl,) inf. n. «*/, (S, Msb,
K,) It (a bird, and a dog,) wax black and white;
syn. JJL> ; (K ;) [or rather] «ij in birds and dogs

is like JJL> in beasts that arc ridden, or horses and
the like : (S, K :) or it (a crow, &c.,) was party-
coloured, or pied. (Msb.) __ lie (a drawer of
water, L, K , from a well, by means of a pulley and
rope and bucket, L) had his body sprinkled with
the water, so that some parts of it became wetted.
(1>, K.)^ 5uu ^y\ ^jil U I know not whither
he went; (S, K;) as though ono said, to what
3jJl( of the cUj of the earth he went ; (S ;) not
used except negatively ; (TA ;) as also ♦ %i/.
(Fr, ff .) — a^ljJI jfftmj The calamity, or mis-
fortune, befell'them. (TA.) «■■*«*, (§,?:,) like
.V*> (K,) He was assailed with bad, or foul,
speech, or language : (S, O, K :) or with calumny,
slander, or false accusation. (S.) And ■*■■ ; ■■*- : %£j
He was assailed with foul, evil, or abominable,
speech, or language. (L.)

* 9*7 ml

2. vr-" M* ■**■ ( a dyer) left spots, or jtw-
liiwi, of the garment, or ;;i'ece of cloth, undyed.
(Mgh, T A.) — <vy *ij 2fe (a watcrer) sprinhled
the water upon his garment, so that spots, or

portions, of it became wetted. (Mgh.) *3u

uf j^l O? £-?'>• ij* ^i»l, inf. n. ^J, 27te
rain fell in places of the land, not universally.
(TA.)=Uj j^jl ^jil U: see 1.

7. «-i-Jl /fig went away quickly; (K;) and
ran. (TA.)

8. <o^J A*-^') w,t " damm, t. j. *£3t, and a&UI ;
(the former in some copies of the K ; the latter in
others ; and both in the TA ;) i. e. His colour
changed, (TA,) by reason of grief, or sorrow.
(Har p. 244.) The last of these three verbs is the
best. (Har ubi supra.)

l*kt A place in which water remains and stag-
nates; (K;) [and which is not a usual place of
watering : (see i«i^ :) this is what is meant,
app., by its being said that] cli^, which is its pi.,

signifies the contr. of c jU-« [or watering-places
to which men and beasts are accustomed to come].
(TA.) __ See also what next follows.

ii*J (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and * i£, (AZ, Msb,
K,) but the former is the more common, (Msb,)
and more chaste, (TA,) A piece, part, portion,
or plot, (Mgh, Msb, K,) of land, or ground, (S,
Mgh, Msb, K,) differing [in any manner,] in
colour, (Mgh,) or in appearance, or external
state or condition, (K,) from that which adjoins
it, or t» next to it : (Mgh, K. :) this is the primary
signification: (Mgh:) [a patch of ground:] pi.
l&t, (S,K,) or this is pi. of iiL', (Msb,TA,)
and the pi. of ialJ is •%. (Mgh, Msb, TA.)
You say a|j»Jt ,>• «i^ l^-i ^ij\ [meaning Land
in which are bare places occasioned by the locusts],
(Lh, K.) And c«i ^>« %k/ wfj^l ^ Ln the
land are small portions of lierbage. (AHn.) And
y£a ,>• ajuu A patch of herbage. (TA in art.
J**/.) — [The former also signifies A spot; or
small portion of any surface, distinct from what
surrounds it.] And the pi. *iy Places in a gar-
ment, or piece of cloth, which has been dyed,
remaining undyed. (Mgh.) And »UI *ij Places
in a garment, or piece of cloth, which has been
washed, in which the water remains, undried.
(Mgh.) — jp**$\ jue aiiUt ^li. 'Jk\He has a
good station with the prince, or commander.
(TA.) [See also AJU..]

• * «• g «i ***%**
i«i^ ^rjyl />«;»/ tn ft'Aica arc i1j»JI ^^e «i;

[meaning bare places occasioned by the locusts] :
(Lh, KL :) and land of which tlie herbage is uncon-
nected [or «;» patches]. (TA.)

gkl iji. a^U,I, like»lii, [indecl.,] and decl.,
(K,) and imperfectly decl., so that you say also
cl»v, and a\ii, (AZ, TA,) Dust and sweat came
upon him, and discolorations produced thereby
remained upon his body: (AZ,£:) by eli^ is [lit.]
meant land, or a land: so says AZ: and <tli*
cU^ Ijti. is said to mean upon him is sweat which
has become white upon his shin, like what are
termed*^. (TA.)

• ^

»A A place in which are roots of trees of

various hinds: (S, KL:) or a wide, or spacious,
place : or a place in which are trees : (Msb :) or
a wide, or spacious, piece of land; but not so
called unless containing trees; (TA;) though
jijilt »JL continued to be the name of a burial-
ground of El-Mcdceneh after the trees therein
had ceased to be. (Msb,* TA.)

«U5V; A bird (K, TA) that is cautious, or wary,
and cunning, or wily, that looks to the right and
left when drinking, (TA,) that dots not come to
drink to the cjU~» [or watering-places to which
men and beasts are accustomed 'o corne],'(K, TA,
[but in the CIC, for cjti-» is put wjU»«,]) and
tlie frequented waters, (TA,) from fear of being
caught, but only drinks from the isub, i. e., the
place in which water remains and stagnates. (K,
TA.) _ Hence, as being likened thereto, J Any
one that is cautious, or wary, cunning, or wily,

235

ami skilful: (TA :) J a man possessing much cun-
ning: (K, TA:) [accord, to some] so called
because he alights and abides in [various] parol
(elirf) of the earth, and often traverses countries,
and possesses much knowledge thereof: to such,
therefore, is likened J a man knowing, or skilful,
in affairs, who investigates them much, and is
experienced therein ; tlie » being added to give
intensiveness to the signification : (TA :) and

I sharp, or quick, tn intellect; knowing; whom
nothing escapes, and who is not to be deceived,
beguiled, or circumvented : ($., TA :) pi. *i\y.
(TA.) You say, gi£)| ^ Ljg ^| J,$ U \Such
a one is none other titan a very cunning man of
the very cunning. (TA.) — Also iA calamity,
or misfortune, (S, TA,) that befalls a man. (TA.)

£i*l, applied to a ^jt [or bird of the crow-
kind], In which is blackness and whiteness; (S,
TA ;) and so applied to a dog : (Lh, TA voce

vA*'> 1 v: ) or > applied to the former, having white-
ness in tlie breast ; and this is tlie worst [or most
ill-omened] of tlie crow-kind : (TA :) [it is this
species, accord, to some, which is called «_jI/£
0*JI : (see art. ^ :)] or, applied to a ^t]jt &c,
party-coloured, or pied: (Msb:) or the white-
winged *,>\jz : (ISh, TA in art. wi J*. :) pi., when
thus applied, ^U»v, (TA,) or O^j W 'A kesr ;
the quality of a subst. being predominant in it ;
but when it is regarded as an epithet, [in which
case the fern, is JUaj,] its pi. is ajy. (Msb.) _
Hence, as being likened to such a bird, t Anything
bad, evil, wicked, mischievous, [ill-omened,] or the
like. (TA.) — And t Leprous. (TAar, ^f.)

ti J ȣJ

j»lii\ ol***> (§, £,) with damm, (K,) mentioned
in a trad., (S,) \The servants and slaves of Syria;
because of their whiteness and redness, (S, K.) or
blackness; (S ;) or because of their whiteness
and redness and blackness likened to a thing such
as is termed *j^\ ; (TA ;) or (?) because they
are of the Greeks and tlie Negroes : (S, £ :) or
so called because of the mixture of their colours ;
their predominant colours being white and yellow:
A'Obeyd says that what is meant is whiteness
and yellowness, and they are thus called because
of their difference of colours and their being be-
gotten of two races : but Kt says, ^IxLJI signifies
t those in whom is blackness and whiteness ; and
one who is white without any admixture of black-
ness is not called «i>l : how then should the
Greeks be called < j\ju^ when they are purely
white ? and he adds that he thinks the meaning
to be, the offspring of Arabs, who are black,
[which is not to be understood literally, but rather
in tlie sense of swartky,] by female slaves of the
Greeks, who are white. (TA.)__juy is also
applied to Waterers (3U-.) ; because their bodies
become sprinkled with the water, so that some
parts thereof are wetted. (K.) _ Ui^ U^i c~<lj

I I saw a people wearing patched garments; said
by El-Hajjaj; ($,TA;) and thus explained by
him ; i. e., by reason of their evil condition.
(TA.).--^^! *a/ )ji A herd of camels having
white humps. (TA.)—%ii*)\ The mirage; be-
cause of its varying, or assuming different hues.

30«

236

(TA.) _ iUi^ tj6j\ Land containing [or diversi-
fied with] tnudl pebbles. (TA.) &Ju ill t A

Aarren, or an unfruitful, year : (S, K :) or a
year tn which is fruitfulness and barrenness. (S,
Msb, K.) And »irfl >U J A year in which the
rain falls in places of the land, not universally.
(TA.) And *iC' >**» (K>) the dim. form being
used to denote terribleness, (TA,) J A year of
little rain. (K, TA.)

i ».i - "•* ...

f*c'l, dim. of j»iyt, which see, last sentence.

^>Ii»J)l wa-o yk 7/c Aai Am /«•«* wetted by
water in some places, so that their [general] colour
is different from the colour of thou places. (TA.)

J*
1. Ji^: see 4, in two places. __[ Hence,] said
of a boy's face, (S, Mgh, K,) aor. - , inf. n. Jyy,
(S,) t It put forth its beard, (S, TA,) or hair;
(K ;) as also tjlfl and * jli ; (K ;) or this last
is not allowable : (S :) similar to j-a».l said of a
boy's mustache. (Mgh.) _ And said of a camel's
tush, t It cut, or earn* /ortA. (ISk, S, TA.) —
t/< (a thing, TA) appeared: (K, TA:) derived
from J*i, q. v. (TA.)=7/<? collected [plants,
or Aero*, o/ the kind termed] jk/ for his camel.
(Fr, K.) _ JJUI j% He cut the Jif : so in the
"Mufradat." (TA.)

8. jXf, inf. n. J-i-J, 77e (a pastor) fe/i camels

f o pasture upon jJL>. (TA.) — And, [hence,
app.,] inf. n. as above, •'. q. u*\->. (?gh, K.) You
say, i, t jJI jJL>, i. e. V-C, meaning 77, tended, or
fooA rare o/", the beast well. (TK.) = See also 1.

4. i/4/^l cJLi/l 77ie /anrf produced [plants,
or Aer&t, o/ the kind termed] jiy : (Ms b :) or
produced its Ji^ : (8 :) or produced plants, or
herbage : (1£ :) or became green with plants, or
herbage : (Mgh :) and *oJUL> signifies the same :
(IDrd, $ :) both are chaste words. (IDrd, TA.)
In like manner one says also of a place, J*jI,

(JK, Msb,) from JiJ. (Msb.) iUJlt Ji,l

7*A« [tree, or eAruA, called] £~.j became green ;
as also T c U t ' : (K :) or t'< put forth what resembled
young wingless locusts, and the greenness of its
leaves became apparent. (S. [See also h im .])
And JijJjl Ji,l Tlie trees put forth their Ji$
[q. v., app. buds,] in the days of the **p [or
spring], before their leaves became apparent :
(JK :) or they put forth, in the time of the *^j,
in their sides, what resembled the necks of locusts.
(TA.) __ See also 1. «m«J»yUI JJl/\ The people, or
company of men, found [plants, or herbs, such as
are termed] Ji*. (Msb.) __ See also 8. = Ji^t
<S*-j I 77e (God) made his (a boy's) face to
put forth its hair, (K, TA,) meaning, its beard.
(TA.)

5. J£«J .He went forth seeking [plants, or Aero*,
<>/" (Ae A»nd called] j£y. (K.) — . See also 8, in
three places.

8. jC-Jt Ji^l, and tJi^S; (S;) or oU*1

i^0«, (K,) or J/}1, (JK,) and vcjfc ; (JK,
K;) TAe aw, or (Ae beasts, or camels, pastured
upon [plants, or kerbs, of tke kind called] jJu :
(S, K :) or became fat from pasturing upon JJb.
(JK.) _ And >yUI JJwt 77*e people, or com-
pany o/ men, Aad (Aet'r c<i(ffe pasturing upon
Ji-> ; as also * I^JiJ and * I^JUjI : (K :) or (Aey
pastured their cattle upon Ji^. (JK.)

,Jjl> a word of which the meaning is well
known; (S ;) [Leguminous, or tender, plants;
such as we term herbs ; i. e. plants, or vegetables,
that may be gathered with the hand, or depastured
down to the ground, and that are only annuals;]
plants which are neither shrubs nor trees; (Ltli,
JK,* Mgh ;) such as, when depastured, have no
stem remaining; thus differing from trees and
shrubs, which have stems remaining [when they
have been depastured]: (Lth,Mgh:) or the herbs,
or herbage, produced by [the rain, or tke season,
called] tke **tj: (Mgh:) or whatever herbs, or
plants, grow from seed, (AHn, Mgh, K,*) not
upon a permanent i«j jl [i. e. root-stock, or root] :
(AHn, K :) and accord, to this definition may be
explained the saying that the cucumber is of the
things termed J^A, [pi. of jk/, meaning sorts,
or species, of Jjy], not of those termed *£»ly :
(Mgh:) or the Atnd of which the root and branch
do not last in the winter: (Er-Raghib, TA :) or,
it is said, (S, Mgh,) any plants, or herbs, whereby
the earth becomes green: (S, IF, Mgh, M?b :) [pi.
of pauc. JUrfl : the pi. of mult, has been men-
tioned above :] the n. un. is with i, i. c. iU^.
(S,K.) Hence the prov., i&JI S>1 iJUUI siJi ^
[Nothing produces the leguminous, or tender, plant,
or kerb, but the clear and open piece of good land] :
(TA :) [i. e., only a good parent produces good
offspring: (see Frey tag's Arab. Prov. ii.516:)] it
is said to be applied to the case of a vile saying pro-
ceeding from a vile man. (TA in art. Ji»-.) The
saying JA/ jibj cjjl c^ means [He sold the seed-
produce] when it was green, not yet ripe. (Mgh.)

iiiui, also, and itC^Jt iUJI, (S,) or iiiL

;'»,- H, (K,) or all these, (TA,) signify the same
as iUyJI [i. e. Purslane ; called by tliesc names
in the present day] ; (S, K ;) and so i^JJI iUJI
and iisjUoJI iiiJt : or this last, t. q. ibjiyJI
[i. e. wild and garden succory, or endive], (K.)

' ol iff* ■* J0 J J °*'

jUu^l iUj i. q. ^jfll [or ^jU\, q. v., the

name now given to Cabbage: in the CK wJ>j£)l].
(K.) __ U^hUsA U iUu [ Chelidonium, or celan-

* * its

dine; thus called in the present day;] t. q. i}jj*)\

'jiii\. (K.) OUJI iiii i. q. rj£&\ [Fuma-

ria officinalis, or common fumitory], (K.) __
ijj^JI iiiJI i. q. w>*W^' [ now commonly applied
to the Dolichos lablab of Linn«cus ; but Oolius
explains the former appellation by kedera, i. e.
ivy, though only as on the authority of the K]-

(K.) iliJJI iUJI t. q. Jjlill [or j(UUt, a

name now given to Atriplex, or orache : Golius
explains the former appellation by spinachium
seu atriplex; and the latter, in its proper art.,
by atriplex kerba, and androsomum]. (K.)_—
iiiy^t)\ iiiJI [iSWcAw, or sow-thistle; thus called

[Book I.

in the present day]. (TA voce jC*., q. v.)_
iliCjt iiiJI [Blitum, or blite ; and particularly
the species called strawberry blite;] a certain

jA t»l '*£*

Aer6. (K.)^<L^p^l SJUUI [Citrago, or balm-
gentle;] a certain herb. (K.) — v-"^' *^4 an, l
SU^JI ilL and jijll iii^ and [in the CK "or"]
]jj\^i\ i&> and iuX)l iiiJI, (K, TA,) or
JUmUJI iJUJI, (CK,) arc also Certain herbs.
(K.) _ cU.j*^l Jyu A certain plant proved by
experience to remove pains from the belly. (K,
TA.)

Ji^ jJv and 'Ji- 9 [A country, or region, or
district, producing plants, or Aero*, o/ <Ac At/io"
(erwierf j£]. (JK.) And iii^ ^jt, (Msb, K,)
[in the CK ii«i, but it is] like i-^i, (TA,) and
"iXJo and *i)Uu«, (JK, Msb,K,) Land pro-
during Jiu : (Msb :) or producing plants, or
herbage: (K:) and the first and 'second of
these, (K,) and * iJU,, erroneously written in
the copies of the K iJU^, without teshdeed, (TA,)
and * iiile and ♦ iU-«, (K,) /ana 1 having, or
containing, JSl/ (K,* TA) o/ [<Ae ram, or season,
called] the %+tj: (K:) or *<Ui-» [used alone,
as a subst.,] signifies a land having, or containing,
JiJ; (JK;) or a place ofJi%: (S:) and tjiC
[app. as meaning producing Jjv] is applied as an
epithet to a place ; (JK, Msb ;) but not * Jil» ;
(JK;) or this last sometimes occurs, thus applied.
(IJ,IB.)

■ " I j * ■*

iU^ The [plants, or herbs, termed] Jit of [the
rain, or season, called] tlie %^j. (JK,KiTA.)

9 . s 9 Ol 9 *

iSJu ^0,1 : see Jkf, in two placos.

ft * J

[Jjly^ Of, or relating to, the plants, or kerbs,
termed ji/ : from the pi. Jyv-]

JU^ [properly A green-grocer; i. e.] a seller
of »Ji [Persian for Ji^>] : and [by extension of
its application] a shop-keeper : (KL:) or a seller
of dry fruits: (Ibn-Es-Scm'dnce, TA:) vulgarly,
a seller of eatables [of various kinds, and particu-
larly of dried and salted provisions, cheese, &c. ;
a grocer] ; correctly, Jlj*. (AHeyth, T in art.
Jju, K-) — »«5 c^j' : ^c Jfi-

JilJ : see Ji>. _ Also, as an epithet applied
to the [tree, or shrub, called] »£«*j, (S, K,) Be-
coming green : (K :) or putting forth what re-
semble young wingless locusts, and showing the
greenness of its leaves : they did not say * Jilo
[in this sense], in like manner as [it is commonly
asserted that] they did not say ,j-jy», from vjy,
but^-jlj. (S.)__Also What comes forth, or come
forth, in the sides of trees, in the days of the
st^fj [or spring], before their leaves become appa-
rent. (JK.) [See 4.]

Jilt and \Hi<t, (JK,S,Mgh,Msb,K,) the
former with teshdeed and the latter without tesh-
deed, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and ^Jiy, (K,) [every
one with tenween when it has not the article Jl,

Book I.]

for] the n. un. is with ♦, (S, Mgh, Msb, $,) i. e.
blilj and l$i<i (S, Mgh, Msb) [and J^LiVj] or
the sing, and pi. are alike, (El-Ahmar,K.) [and
if bo, the word may be fem., as Ibn-Buzurj, cited
in the TA voce v**** asserts .^51^ to be, and
therefore in every case without tenween,] t. q.
j>* [Beam; or the bean; faba sativa of Jussieu;
viciafaba of Linnams] ; (JK, K ;) a name of the
dial, of the Sawad [of El-'Irak] ; its produce it
called jfv^JI ; (TA ; [but see j^j** ; and see
^r-ojJ ;]) [or it is applied to the plant and to its
produce ;] a certain weU-hnoron <^>»-. [or grain] :
(Mgh :) the eating of it produces exhalations (K)
of a gross kind, (TA,) and bad dreams, andjj*>,
(K,) i. e. vertigo, (TA,) and anxiety, and gross
humours; but it is good for the cough, and for
rendering the body fruitful (£)JJ\ , vt -r''');
when properly qualified [app. by seasoning or
by some admixture] (y-Lsl lit), it preserves the
health ; and in its green state, together rcith ginger,
it has the utmost, effect in strengthening the vene-
real faculty : (K :) the pi. is Jȣ: and the
dim. of (jCstf is * iXij^ and * *&£#, the latter
with the J quiescent because kesreh is disapproved
in so long a word ; [both forms indicating that
iJiSit is held to be fem. ;] and that of SjJHi is

Sy^iyi [with or without tenween accord, as it is
held to be masc. or fem.], or, if one will, he
[who holds .^51/ to be fem.] may say t iLu^,
suppressing the augmentative meddeh, and adding
5 to indicate the fem. gender; and that of S'&iV
is t&2^ (TA.) — J^kJUl Jkui [app. the
same as .o-&«JI , Jl»U1 mentioned in the K voce
\j~»j?, ice, i. c. The Egyptian bean ; an appella-
tion said to be applied by some in the present
day to the colocasia; but what it properly denotes
is doubtful;] a certain plant, the grain of which
is smaller than the J^i [or bean] : (K :) the
people of Egypt know it by the name "f 3 - l n ",
witn >oe»-» and with the unpointed ,J-- : he who
says that it is the u-op is in error. (Ibn-Beytdr,
cited by De Sacy in his "Relation de l'Egyptc
par Abd-allatif," q. v., p. 97.)

S- - i . . . . ,.. .

l^fW and ^y^S}/ rel. ns. of ^Jjy and ,}l3b,

respectively. (Mgh.)

bf<t, (JK,A,0,) or tjl^', (K,) A mug
( j}£>) having no Sjji [or handle] ; (JK, O, K ;)
i. q. v>=»: ( A »TA:) [in Spanish bokal, (Golius,)
which favours the form in the K; but the Spanish
word may be from SJISy, if from the Arabic :]
pl-JefV- (JK,A,TA.)

• * j

JUy : see what next precedes.

2}\i# A kind of drinking-vessel, like a ^*\&>,
or like a ^J£> ; syn. l&^Je. (IAar, TA.) [See
also JyC-]

*y*Jtf : ) see ^ySU, in four places.

t ii

**& \)* L >. > > n three places : _ and see

)

\ see Jif, in three places.

j£t [Brazil-wood ; the wood of the Brazil-
tree, a species of Casalpinia ;] a well-known
dye ; (S, Msb ;) t. q. jtjJ-e. ; (S ;) [or rather the
wood from which a well-known dye is prepared;]
the mood of a certain great tree, the leaves of
which are like those of the almond, and having a
red stem, the decoction of which is used as a dye :
it consolidates wounds, stops a flow of blood from
any member, and dries up ulcers ; and its root,
or lowest part, is an instantaneous poison : (K :)
the word is said by some to be Arabic ; (Msb ;)
others say that it is arabicized ; (S, Msb, TA ;)
[perhaps from the Persian jj^, or Jfa ;] and
that the only other words of the same measure in
the Arabic language arc proper names, and four
in numl)cr, (S, TA,) or seven : (TA :) if used as
a proper name, it is imperfectly dccl., because
determinate and of the measure of a verb. (S.)

1. <u-*j oUu, [aor. '- ,] inf. n. »jUy [and iyy,
as will be seen from what follows, like 0+»-j],
He looked, (Lh, JK, ISd, K,) or looked long, or
glanced lightly, (JK,) at him, or it; (Lh,JK,
ISd, K ;) and so with ^ for the last radical :
(JK:) and »U^ [alone], with _j and with ^ for
the last radical, (K in art. ^yy,) first pcrs. <u$aj
and a^>, (Lh, TA,) he looked at him, or it:
(Lh, K :) or he watched, or observed, him, or it :
(K in art. ^yy :) and aj^su I looked, watched, or
waited, for him, or it : (K :) a dial. var. of <C^
which is the more approved. (TA.) [Hence,]
Jiilo dljyu and iVJU iUjUL> Guard thou, or pre-
serve thou, him, or it, as thou guardest, or pre-
servest, thy property. (M, Tckmileh, K.)

- - <• J

fjj&l and ijyj : see art. ^yV.

1. ^Jit, aor. ^yu;, inf. n. 'Li? (JK, S, Msb, K)
and «L»^ ; (Msb; [but sec this latter below;])
[and accord, to the Cljt, . Jy and . A ; but this
is a mistake ; Ijiy \J^i being there erroneously
put for Lij jj«y> explained by what here follows;]
and [ yu, [by some written ttf',] (JK, S, Msb, K,)
aor. as above, (JK,) inf. n. ^Jy, (K,) of the dial,
of Belharith Ibn-Kaab, (TA,) or of that of Teiyi,
(JK,S,TA,) who in like manner say cJu instead
of sZ*Jy, (S, TA,) and the like is done in other
verbs of the same class, (S, Msb,) whether the
kesreh and the ^c be original, as in .ju and /—J

and ^i, or accidental, as in the pass, verbs ^VjJb

and ^ ; (Msb ;) [He, or] it, namely, a tiling,
remained, continued, lasted, endured: and was,
or became, permanent, or perpetual; or continued,
lasted, or existed, incessantly, always, endlessly,

AJu\

287

or for ever : syn. J,\}, and £*£ ; (Msb ;) amir.
°f\jr*- (K:) i\if signifies a thing's remaining,
continuing, lasting, or enduring, in its first state,
to a period determined by the mill of God, either
with respect to its corporeal substance, as in the
case of a heavenly orb, or with respect to its kind
only, as in the case of the human and other
animal races; and the continuing, lasting, or
existing, for ever, either by self, as in the instance
of God alone, or otherwise, and thus either with
respect to the corporeal substance, as in the case
of an inhabitant of Paradise, or with respect to
kind only, as in the case of the fruits of the inha-
bitants of Paradise. (Er-Righib, TA.) [Hence,]
;UJI jli [The abode of everlasting existence;] the
world to come. (T in art. j^j.) The verb is said
of a tiling; and in like manner of a man, as in
*^i^» UUj uy, i. e. He lived [or continued in
life] a long time. (S.) [You say also, ^Js. ^^
4JU. He, or it, remained, or continued, in his,
or its, state, or condition ; i. c., as h», or it, was.
And SjJJ\ ^yU ^n He endured, or bore up
against, difficulty, distress, or adversity.] And

*A 5(^5^" i>* t^s** [^ remain, remainder, rem-
nant, relic, or residue, of the thing remained.]
(S.) And ljk& <u« ^yv Such a thing remained,
over and above, and behind, thereof; as also
* LS** 5- (M?b.) as »\i{, with ij and with ^ for
the last radical, (K,) first pers. *£x> (Lh, S) and
iiyJ, (Lh, TA,) aor. of the former - , (S,) inf. n.
^yV, [of the former verb,] (K,) He looked at
him, or it : (Lh, S, K :) or [so in the K, but in
the S " and,"] he watched, or observed, him, or
it : (S, K :) and < i . T t iy I looked, watched, or
wailed, for him, or it ; (TA in art. y^ ;) as also
a3yj ; (K in that art. ;) but the former is the
more approved. (TA in that art) [See also art
yh«.] You say also, oj^ 1^1 ^yl^ tfjl Such
a one looks at the thing, and watches, or observes,
it. (JK.) And it is said in a trad., J)\ JyJj Uj^
We looked, watched, or waited, for the Apostle
of God. (S.)

2 : see 4, in two places.

4. eUL.1 (S, Msb, K) and t ill, and t #UJ (S,
K) all signify the same, (S,) and * ♦'».' r \ like-
wise, (K,) He made, or caused, [and he suffered,]
kim, or it, to remain, continue, last; to be, or
become, permanent, or perpetual; to continue,
list, or exist, incessantly, always, endlessly, or
for ever; he continued it; he perpetuated it.
(Msb,K.») You say, &7 oU/l [God preserved
him, or prolonged his life ; or may God preserve
him, or prolong his life; or] God made him, or
caused him, or may God make him, or cause him,
to continue in life. (S.) And j^ViJI J-ol .JlJ'
?*" S^T* LS? SH* J**3 -Hi »wrf« 'Ac /A»'»^ ifoc^*
<o rcroatn unalienable, not to be inherited nor
sold nor given away, and assigned the profit
arising from it to be employed in the cause of
God, or of religion. (TA in art. ^-i*..) And
Urf U C~«^l / to<m sparing of marring, i. e.,
forbore from marring much, or exceedingly, that
[state of union or amity] which subsisted between
«*. (K.) And Ji^.j3 JJ^j ^Jbw tj^ [p r# .

238

serve thou, or spare thou, thy sandals, and use
freely, or unsparingly, thy feet] : a prov. (Meyd.
See Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 140.) And ♦ iiJ
A»y 5 Preserve thou the soul (,^JUI " Jj-Z_d),
expose it not to destruction, [meaning preserve
thyself,] and guard against evils, or calamities :
a trad. : the » in each verb is that of pausation.

(TA.) [And & j^bl ^ J*\ He left, or
reserved, of the thing, a remain, remainder, rem-
nant, &c :] and '^yii\ £y* 1 jjit^-'l He left a
portion of the thing ; (S, K ;) m also t ^Lj ;
whence the prov., u«ed to incite to liberality,
*u£ *!i i>» Ji^i *5) Leaving a portion of travel-
ling-provision mill not profit thee. (JK.) [And
; | JL)I s Jhf\ and * »ULwl He reserved the thing
for a future time or use &c] And ♦ »ULZ-»I as
meaning [He spared him; he let him live;] he
left him alive ; (S, K ;) [as also »UjI ; for] men
say to their enemies when the latter have ovcr-

■ i t ». ## tot

como, UjJL*U 1 1 ^ ^y^l [Spare ye us, and
destroy us not entirely]: (TA:) [or »lij>t, in a
case of this kind,] and aJL* ^jijl and ♦oUuI->l
signify 7/e pardoned him, [and forbore to slay
him,] when slaughter mas his due : (TA :) and
t oUL^I signifies also He pardoned, or forgave,
hi* fault, wrong action, or lapse into sin, and
preserved his lore, or affection. (JK,TA.*) And

[hence,] o"^* u^ C"tM signifies also 7 showed

mercy to such a one [by sparing him, or letting

him live, or by pardoning him, or otherwise] ;

had mercy on him ; pitied, or compassionated,

», , i «'•« lit *

him; syn. aJIc w*fr)t and <w*-j. (S.) One says,

jjXe c-e«yl O' ****** **' i^' ^ [•*f«y Cod not
shorn mercy to thee if thou shorn mercy to
me : a prov., said in derision to one who affects
to show mercy when unable to take revenge].
(8, Meyd.) And jLH ^J* *9J j£ •$ [Show not
mercy save to thyself: another prov., similar to
the former]. (Meyd.) And it is said, in a trad.,
of the fire [of Hell], $1 cjii O^ ^J* J& *),
i. c. It will not j>ity [him mho abases himself to
it : or rather it mill not spare &c. : and in like
manner, jJJ "9« ^Jfc>*$, in the Kur lxxiv. 28, is
generally understood as meaning It (namely,
Hell,) will not spare, nor leave unburned]. (TA.)

5 : see 1 : bib and see also 4, in four places.

6. jy The remaining together. (KL.) [You
say, app., \y»Q, and U5U», They, and they two,
remained together.]

10 : see 4, in seven places. [See also a usage
of this verb in art. ^^ conj. 10, second sentence.]

^i ^yi : sec JU* .

i-i,: sec *A-

l£yw : see 1**/, in five places.

i^yv : see \k*, in two places.

leiy : see what next follows.

l£ (JK, 8, Msb, K, &c.) and t <£ (TA) and
♦^ (JK, 8, M,b, K) and t^ (Th, K) and
* 3&, (JK, K,) the t third and f fourth with ^

changed into }, like as ^ is changed into ^j in
Ui and UU and Lii, (ISd, TA,) [substs. in the
sense of Mjj , inf. n. of 4, signifying The mahing,
or causing, and suffering, to remain, continue,
last, &c. ; preservation of a person in life, and of
a thing in being ; and the sparing, letting live, or

leaving alive ;] substs. from »Ia/I : (Msb, K :) or
[the showing mercy by sparing or letting live, or
by pardoning, or otherwise ; having mercy ; pity-

ing, or compassionating ;] substs. from v _ y Xt CtM
u"^*- (?•) Thus one says of a pilgrim, that he
put gum, or something glutinous, upon his head,
and so caused his hair to become compacted,
aJu \fju to preserve it in the state m which it was
(expl. by aJLc «UjI ), lest it should become shaggy,
or dishevelled, &c. (L in art. jJ.) And one says,
l-«-Jlj alt ib>ii and *^v-)l [J conjure, or ic<7,
or beseech, thee by God and by the preservation
of thy life]. (JK.) And "£ j^ij 4^ J I U
*(_jy^ [J Aore no mercy nor pity to bestow upon
Am]. (JK. [There expl. by the words C^fijl ^\
C*tMi *e^ ; but yj\ is evidently a mistranscnp-
tion for ^>», i. e. from.]) A poet (El-La'een El-
Minkaree, TA) says,

• JUJI if* UiAi. ^j *

• a >- ' • >

[And it was not to show mercy by sparing me
that ye two left me ; but ye feared the trans-
piercing of the arrows]. (S.) And another says,
on his having refused to accept an offer of seven
blood wits,

^Ul o- (>* WW /£»>«

i. c. Am I required [or exhorted or remtwded] to
*Aow mercy to him who slew my relation, when
the mercy that I show to him is that I am
labouring to slay him, and not falling short, or

being remiss: by ^U*^ is meant <uU ^y^';
though >U^Nt is not j^aJI : the meaning is, that
this is done by me in lieu of that: UUI is a subst.
from «U^SI, syn. therewith ; and the ^ prefixed
to it is a denotative of state. (Ham p. 119. [This
verse is also cited in the TA, but with the substi-
tution of t^^Ljlv and (^'>»y for the correspond-
ing words above.] * <i«*^l is said by men to their
enemies when the latter have overcome ; meaning
[We ask, or beg, tlie being spared, or mercy, or
quarter; a verb, whereby it is governed, being
understood : or] U j jL+ U. 5 ^ Oy^l [spare ye us,
and destroy us not entirely]. (TA.)

••* ' . ...

<Laj ^1 renuitn, remainder, remaining portion,

remnant, relic, residue, or the remains, or re#£,
of a tiling; (KL, PS, &c. ;) a subst. from
{Jit as signifying " it remained over and above,"
and " it remained behind :" pi. bU_> and OU :
(Msb :) * a^C, also, [pi. j£ and Ol^SlJ,] has
the same meaning as ii ; (TA ;) [i. e., as ex-
plained above ; and so has ^J^, for JW '^ & c -]
You say, iliJ j^^ijl ,>• ^y^ [explained before :

[Book I.

seel]. (8.) [And ou-JI aJL ^^a, and oL_)l OU^,
7%ey are tAo*e w/io have l>een spared by the
«cord]. _ [Hence,] >yUt <Li^ ^>o ^"^Lj jSmcA a
one is of the best of the people, or company of
men: because a man reserves the most excellent
of the tilings that he produces. (Bd in xi. 118.)

And «-UI iJu v ^« ^j^)l» iSmp/i a one is of the most
excellent of his people, or family. (Ham p. 78.)

• ' S0L* • »J

And >»yUt i,Jv O"^* flBK 1 * a one tl </ie />e«f of the
people, or company of men : pi. LjU^. (Kull

3 - J i

p. IX!.) SJu y^l, in the Kur xi. 118, hence

means Persons possessed of excellence : [see a
phrase mentioned voce Jj^ :] or possessing a relic
of judgment and intelligence : (Bd :) or persons
of religion and excellence : (Jel :) or jiersons oj
understanding (K,TA) and discrimination: (TA:)
or persons of obedience : (TA :) or having the
quality of preserving themselves (Az, Bd, K*)
from punishment, (Bd,) by their holding the
approved religion : (Az, TA :) and this last expla-
nation is confirmed by another reading, which is
*iJu ^jl [possessing a quality of watching, or
observing, and hence, of guarding, or preserving] ;
<Ui/ being the inf. n. of un. of sUu, nor. a^a^,
signifying "he watched," or "observed," &c,
"him," or "it." (Bd.) Sec also \£, in two
places. ifX/ is also a subst. from U~^ U Cogfc/1
[explained before : sec 4: app. meaning Forbear-
ance from marring much, or exceedingly, the state
of unity, or of amity, subsisting between two per-
sons, or parties : and such may be its meaning in
the phrase above-mentioned (a-aj >*.}')]• (K.)— -
alii aJu, in the Kur xi. 87, [after the command,
in the next preceding verse, to give full measure
and weight,] means God's sustenance that remains
for you after your giving full measure [and
weight] : (Jel :) or that which God has preserved
for you, of what is lawful, (Fr, Bd,) after [your]
keeping aloof from that which he has forbidden
you : (Bd :) or the good state, or condition, re-
maining for you : (Zj, K :) or the fear (iJlj-o)
of God; accord, to some: (Fr, TA:) or the
obedience of God, and (as Aboo-'Alce says, TA)
the looking for his recompense : (K, TA :) or
iJb and " i-SO signify any religious service
whereby one seeks to obtain the recompense of
God; and such is the meaning of the former in
this instance. (Er-lldghib, TA.) — See also a,jL>.

jC part.n. of'/j^ [in all its senses; Remaining,
continuing, lasting, or enduring : and permanent,
or perjietual; or continuing, lasting, or existing,
incessantly, always, endlessly, or for ever : &c. :
see 1]. (Er-Raghib, TA.) ^Ul, a name of God,

[as also, plconastically, ^£J^\ ^W", means The
Everlasting, or] He whose existence will have no
end. (TA.) See also '<x~iu. __ ^Ul also signifies
TVte J>oU> [or net produce, or perhaps simply
the produce,] of the [tax termed] «-h», and the
like. (Lth,JK,TA.) C

aJIj: hoc aJu, first sentence oUJUaJI oUiUI

[in the K ur xviii. 44, and xix. 79,] means Any
righteous, or good, work, (K, TA,) of which the
recompense remains : (TA :) or acts of obedience,

Book I.]

(Bd and Jcl in xix. 79,) or good works, (Bd in
xviii. 44,) of which the fruit remains for ever :
(Bd in both those places, and Jcl* in the former:)
and, as included therein, [so Bd, but in the K
"or,"] the five prayers; (Bd,K;) and the per-
formance of the pilgrimage ; and the keeping the
fast of Ramadan ; (Bd in xviii. 44 ;) and [so
Bd, but in the EL " or,"] the saying, 4S1I C^f

^j»i 'Jb\\ ibl •§! *ii *h *4 J^J'i ; ( Bd and Jcl

in xviii. 44, and EL ;) to which some add, Jy. *$}
Jisit »j| ?y *^j : (Jcl ibid. :) or, accord, to Er-
R&ghib, the correct meaning is any religious
service whereby one seeks to obtain tlie recompense
of God: sco also <Li^, last explanation. (TA.)
_iJjli is sometimes put in the place of an
inf. n.'; (S,K;) or it is an inf. n.; (Msb;) syn.
with :UJ ; (8, Msb, TA ;) with which *1^, also,
is syn. (TA in art. e>-.) So in the ELur [Ixix. 8],

a Ti l j ^ >W J y£ji J^i [And dost thou see them to
nave any continuance?]; (S, TA;) 60 says Fr:
(TA :) or, as some say, the meaning is, &£/ [i. e.
a remnant): (TA:) or <L»V j*U»- [a company
remaining]: (Kr-lWghib', T A :) or <L»V v-*> O
soul, or person, remaining] : (Bd, Jeh) or the i
is an intensive affix; (Jcl;) [or a restrictive to
unity;] i. c one remaining ; (Jcl, TA;) and this
is also allowable and good : one says, likewise,
aJ\ } <2l1 ^>» jjte} % *e»W >Z~& I* t One remain-
ing remained not, nor did one preserver preserve
them from God]. (TA.)

L Jy\ Longer continuing. (Bd and Jcl in xx. 74,
ice.) — »>W-/>I ^ y» means ^ .WJ j-^»l
4*£ [He is the more merciful, or pitiful, or
compassionate, of the tico men, towards his
people]. (TA.)

\r"* Jiij vl she-camel [that retains some milk;]
that does not exhaust her copious supply of milk.

(JK.) ^J^Jt OW*^, (K,) or rather oCCjl

jy » ^y f (TA,) The horses whose running con-
tinues after the running of other horses lias
ceased: (M, E.:) or, tliat reserve someivhat of
their running. (T, TA.) — And O&JI The
places that retain some of the pools in which
water has collected, and do not drink it up.
(TA.)

1. ov£J, aor. : ; and o£&, aor. - ; inf. n. l^i
(8,$) and l& (AZ, TA) and •&* or %&,

(accord, to different co]>ies of the EL») or Si\£t, (as
in the O and CK,) and l&, (S, EL,) which is inf. n.
of y^i, (?, TA,) as is also that next preceding it,
(TA,) and &v, (AZ, K, TA,) in some copies of
the K tiij, (TA,) She (a camel, S, EL, or a ewe
or goat, 8) had little milk ; her milk became little:
(S, K, TA :) or, as some say, her milk ceased, or
slopped. (TA.) — And [hence,] ^J+CA&i iMy
eye had fern tears. (TA.) — And j&, inf. n.
iJ&l, [app. MIe became poor ; had little wealth ;
being] said of a man. (TA.) [Sec also 4.]__
And {JLt \He failed of attaining the object of
his want. (TA.)

4. ^ji\ V^V ji, occurring in a verse, [see Ham
p. 758,] is asserted by Aboo-Riy&sh to mean He
(the milker) has found the milk to be little in
quantity ; like as »»x*»-1 signifies " he found him
to be such as is praised:" ISd holds that it may
signify ke has made the milk to be little in quan-
tity [app. by his niggardness] ; but he confesses
his not having heard the verb used in this sense
by any one. (TA.) a UOI also signifies file (a
man) became poor; or in Ike condition of having

sir

little, or no, wealth. (TA.) [See also $£.]

til* [originally inf. n. of 1, q. v. : and hence,]
t Poverty ; or paucity of wealth. (TA.) — And
\Paucity of speech, except as to things requiring
speech. (TA.)

jJjCj and 2££ A she-camel, (8, EL,) or a ewe
or she-goat, (8,) having little milk; whose mUk
has become little : (8, EL, TA :) or, as some say,
whose milk has ceased, or stopped: (TA:) pi.

•AC, (S,K) and U$. (EL.) — And [hence,] I jcj j>
i[Milk, or a flow of milk, little in quantity].
(TA.)_And %£j i*£>j \A well of which the
water has sunk into the earth ; or become low :
the latter word having its . changed into ^ to

assimilate it to the former. (TA.) _ And O^s*
tt£/ \Eyes having few tears. (TA.) — _ And Jul
ifcl tflands of which the gifts are few. (TA.)

And \{jL( j»J t [ a PP- A r oor VMn i a man
having little wealth : or of few words : or unable

to speak : see tiJl^ ; and sec ( ^£/, in art. ^i] :

V \.V£j. (TA.)

1 : sec 2, in four places.

2. *i£>, inf. n. C^CJ, He reprehended, re-
proved, blamed, chid, or reproached, him, for an
affair, or for a crime or the like ; (S, A, Msb,
K;) accord, to some, with justice ; (TA;) or he
did so severely ; (S,* TA ;) and threatened him ;
(TA;) and declared his deed to be evil; (Msb;)
as when one says, " O wicked man ! wast thou
not ashamed? didst thou not fear God?" (TA :)
and sometimes this is done by using an enuncia-
tive phrase, such as tlie saying of Abraham,
[mentioned in the Kur xxi. C4,] "Nay, the chief
of them, this, did it ;" for thus he said to reprove
their worship of idols ; (Msb ;) and it may be
by means of the hand, and a staff or stick, and
the like. (Hr, TA.) _ He accused him, to his
face, («U,;i ,:,.,.!, q. v.,) of that which he disliked,
or hated; (As, A, K;) as also t<ii£/, (As, K,)
aor. ' , inf. n. C-iJ. (TA.) _ He overcame kim,
■il.a.ll* [with the argument, allegation, or plea] ;
(S,A,K;) asalsot£L£; (A,TA;) and both,
he obliged him to be silent by reason of his inabi-
lity to rejily. (A,* TA.) You say, ^J±. <££/
rt.:-C,»l, and f «i&, He overcame him [by an
argument, &c.,] so that he silenced him. (A,

TA.) Also, (Lth,TA,) and ti££, (K, TA,)

aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He beat, struck,
or smote, him (EL, TA) with a staff or stick, and
a sword, (Lth, KL, TA,) and the like. (Lth, TA.)

A woman who usually brings forth a male

239

child after a female. (EL,TA.) [Such a woman is
app.' thus called because supposed to reproach her
husband for his having been displeased with her
on her bringing forth a female]

1. J$ and IjX both [properly] relate to the
beginning of the day: (AZ, Msb:) the former
of these verbs, (T, S, A,) aor. *■ , inf. n. ^ ;
(T,S;) and *,&, (T,S,A,) inf. n. >J; (T,
S ;) and tjfcl, and *j^l, (S, A,) and *>S»W ;
(S ;) all signify the same ; (§ ;) He (a traveller,
A) went forth early in the morning, in the first
part of the day; or between the time of the prayer
of daybreak and sunrise; syn. Sj£J\ ^ p-ji. :

(T, A :) or *^t , inf. n. jlty , signifies he entered
upon that time : (T :) one should not say '£
nor '/Li in the sense of Jit [&c.]. (S.) — You
say also, aJ\ j£f, and aJLc, and «-», inf. n. as
above ; and *£, and ♦j^l, and *j£yl ; and
t »j£»b ; meaning ijfi> «UI [i. c. He came to kim,
or it, early in the morning, in the first part of
the day; or between the time of the prayer of
daybreak and sunrise: and he did it at that
time : or Jit &c. with 4-J following may be ren-
dered he occupied himself at that time in doing
it]. (EL.) — And [hence,] 4)1 J£, [and *&,]
aor. and inf. n. as above ; (Msb ;) and aJI j£f,
aor. - ; (ISd, EL ;• [but see a remark respecting
this verb above ;]) and *,J1 *^, (S,Msb,TA,)
and *eA*; (TA ;) and *«JI t^t, (8, EL,) and
a-l* ; [and t.^1 ;] and » l^ ; (TA ;) signify
also + He hastened [or betook himself early] to it,
or to do it, at any time, (S, Msb, K, TA,) morn-
ing or evening. (TA.) You say, JU -UJI^yUo^
t [JT hastened to do, or accomplish, or attain, the
thing needed], inf. n. as above: and in like manner,
3,^)1 1 3* * O>$0l t [I hastened to come to water] :
(AZ, S :) and ijjll *>v», (TA,) and ;TJjJ1, (AZ,
8, TA,) t He hastened to come to water, and to
take the morning-meal. (TA.) Lebeed says,

• s^L-Ly j-VjJI W^-^ * Cj|fcQ •

meaning 1 1 hastened to be before the crowing of
the cock, at the close of night, in obtaining what
was wanted [of it, namely, of wine,] by me :
(TA:) l»i.U being for #1 ^U, i.e., ^'l
j\ln (EM p. 170: but the first word is there
written OjjW.) [See also 2, below.] _ [It is
also said that] jfit, [app. j£f,] inf. n. jUt, [app.
£,] signifies \He possessed the quality of apply-
ing himself early, or of hastening; cxpl. by
j^^U>o^»- (Msb.) [But sec $.]

2. &i, inf. n. jSJJ: see 1, in three place*: and
see 8. You say also, 3« t » II ^J[ jii/ I He went
forth to the [prayers of] Friday at the com-
mencement of the time thereof. (A.) And JL(
[alone], inf. n. as nbovo, J He came to prayer at
tlie commencement of its time. (K, TA.) And
S^LsJV j^i t H' performed the prayer at the
commencement of its time : (A, Mgh, Msb, TA :)
he was regardful of it, and performed it early.
(TA.) And w»>i)l r)Uv» \ s % \ Perform ye

240

the prayer of sunset at the setting of the [sun's]
disc. (S.) And vCLv iiljl oj^' ; [77.e palm-
tree was early with its fruit], (A.) Also

\IIe was, or became, or went, before; preceded;
had, or took, precedence ; syn. JtjSS ; and so
V*1 and IjLj. (R, TA.) You say, J> <J&
W» t / was, or became, or went, before, &c, in
such a thing; syn. cJjjtf. (TJ, IB, TA.) And
•f - * - *' i_j** v^ t [-Hi nvw, or became, or «.•«»<,
before his companions ; preceded them j or had,
or took, precedence of them]. (M,K[.) = Jie ȣ
<vU~ol signifies ^j* J£L>' ijbto. | [//« ma </e
A»'w fo fie, or become, or </o, ftc/bm his companions;
to precede them ; or to have, or tahe, precedence
of them]; andsoj^t^i. (M, £.) Sec

also 4. _i v £aUJI jjO : sec 8.

J*

3 : sec 1, in four places.

4 : see 1, in seven places : and see 2 as mcan-
ing _pji3, _ j£j\ nlso signifies He had cameh
coming to water early in the morning, in the
frst part of the day; or between the time of the
prayer of daybreak and sunrise. (S, K.) = It
is also trans, ofy^': (S, Sgli, Msb:) you say,
KSft^ &j& [ I made another to go forth early
in the morning, in the first port of the day; or
between the time of the prayer of daybreak and
sunrise: and / made another to go to a person
&c. at thai time ; and to betake himself to an
action at that time: and f to hasten, or betake
himself early, to a thing at nny time, morning or
evening: and ^J^. *£»£ app. signifies the
same]. (S.) — You say also, ^.U^'l ^Jl »^,| :
sec 2.
5 : bcc °.

8. jijj\ ■. see 1, in two places. _ A Iso J He
arrived [at the mosque on the occasion of the
Friday-prayers] in time to hear the first portion
of the sJu. : (S, K :) or he heard the first por-
tion of the kJei. ; (A, Msb;) [and] LhJj] jQ\
has this meaning. (Mgh.) }*~°T) *J$ O-*,
occurring in a trad., (S, M?b,) respecting [the
prayers of] Friday, (§,) means \Whoso liastencth,
(8, Msb,) and arriveth in time to hear the first
portion of tlie <Lk*., (8,) or heareth the first
portion thereof: (Msb:) or whoso hastcneth,
going forth to the mosque early, and performeth
the prayer at the first of its time : or, accord, to
Aboo-Sa'eed, whoso hasteneth to the Friday-
prayers, before the call to prayer, and arriveth
at the commencement of their time : or both the
verbs signify the same, and the [virtual] repe-
tition is to give intensiveness and strength to the
meaning. (TA. [See 2.]) — You say also, tjfSQ,
meaning \lle took, (A, Msb,) or obtained posses-
sion of, (8, TA,) it* sJ^»W, (8, TA,) i. e.,
(TA,) the first of it: (A,Msb,TA:) which is
tho primary signification [of the trans, verb].
(TA.) _ And ,£,», (£,) or a^>UJI j£^\, (A,
Mgh, Msb,) and *uj£, (TA,) \He ate the first
that had come to maturity of fruit, or of the
fruit. (A, Mgh, Msb, £.) — And hence, (Mgh,)
x-jl-JI j£*\ \He took the girVt virginity: (A,
MgU :) or he did to before she had attained to

puberty. (Msb in art. ^jaS, and TA in art. j-oi..)
— And L-a_c j£j\ -f [JIc took, or made use of,
fresh dough for preparing bread]. (K. in art.
,_^>ji.)sAnd C#££rl| (Abu-1-Beyda,) or 0>£jl
UjJ^, (AHeyth,) She brought forth her first off-
spring: (Alleyth, Abu-1-Beyda :) or the former
signifies she (a woman) brought forth a male at
her first birth. (K.)

% (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and tj& (K,) but
this latter is hardly to be found in any of the
lexicons, (MF,) and *&, (ISd, TA,) A youthful
he-camel; one in a state of youthful vigour: (eta.
with 5; (S, Mgh, Msb, K. ;) and also J£, without
» : (TA :) the term JOf, applied to a camel, cor-
responds to .-3, applied to a human being ; and
1-5.- '-' , « " «- - i V .

"jfat to »w > and u*V^> to *ij^- ; »"d jm, to

*.'♦, j?'' *.' ' . ';.- *•»•'

U u " J j ? and J-»»-> tc Jj».j ; and <oli, to 51^* :

(AO, S:) or the offspring, or young one, of a she-
camel; (K;) thus indefinitely explained : (TA:)
or a camel in his sixth year (.*J) [and] until he
becomes a e.j^. : [but it seems that the reverse
must be meant; for a cjo-, of camels, is one in
his fifth year:] or a camel in his second year
[and] until he enters his sixth year: or a camel
in his second year, or that has entered his third
year, or that has completed his second year and
entered his third year; syn. ,jjj \ ,jj\ : (K :) and
a camel that has just entered upon his fourth year :
and a camel in his fifth year : (IAar, Az:) or a
camel that has not entered his ninth year: (K :)
and sometimes it is metaphorically applied to a
human being; [meaning Ja young man;] and
b*1 to J a young woman: (TA :) the pi. (of
pauc, S) is £\ ; (S, K ;) and *OjJfrfl occurs
as pi. of the djm. of *J$ ; (S, TA;) and (pi. of
mult., S, TA) jK,, (S, Msb,) like as Il> is pi.

of £>> (?0 or tn 'S '9 pi- of SjZt; (Msb, K;)
and there arc other pis. of Ju, namely, ^jiju
(ip and ij\^i ; (S, Msb, K ;) and [quasi-pl. n.]
*5jU^. (K..) Hence die well-known prov., (TA,)
JjN v>^ ijfJvo, and o^v \J->, meaning lie hath
told me what is in his mind, and what his ribs
infold: a saying originating from the following
fact : a man bargained with another for a youthful
camel (J$), and said, " What is his age (*L) ?"
the other answered, " He is in his ninth year :"
then the young camel took fright and ran away :
whereupon his owner said to him, ejjk cjdk; and
this is an expression by which arc quieted young
ones, (K,) of the camel ; (TA ;) so when the
purchaser heard it, he said, tjUt ^«, ,«i»juo [lie
hath told me truly the age, or as to the age, of his
youthful camel : or the age of his youthful camel
has spolten truly to me] : if ^ is in the accus.
case, the meaning [of the verb] is ^"jk, (K,)
and v >- is in the accus. case as a second objective
complement; (TA;) or O-; j^L is meant; [in
the CK, erroneously, ,]>-. _^L ;] or ^ ^ ; the
prefixed noun [ jl*.] or the proposition [,j]
being suppressed [and o-» being therefore in the
accus. case]: but if ,j«, is in the nom. case,

[Book I.

veracity is attributed to the [animal's] age, by an
amplification : (K :) or, as some say, the buyer
said to the owner of the camel, " How many
years has he?" and he told him; and he looked
at the teeth of the camel, and found him to be as
he had said ; whereupon he said, »j£j ^ ^-ijjuo.
(Har p. 95.)

•t* ••-

Ji>: sec jSLj.

£i A virgin ; (S, K ;) and a man who has not
yet drawn near to a woman ; (TA ;) contr. of
v*Ji applied to a man as well as to a f male :
(Mgh, Msb:) pi. J\$. (S, Msb, $.)__And
[hence,] \A pearl unpicrced. (MF.) And +yt
bom when one first shoots with it. (TA.) And
1^1 cloud abounding with water: (K, TA:)
likened to a virgin, because her blood is more
than that of her who is not a virtrin : and tho
phrase £4 w>la~j is sometimes used. (TA.) And
j^t jU J Fire nut lighted from another fire. (As,
A.) — Also She that lias not yet brought forth
offspring: (Alleyth:) and a cow that has not
yet conceived: (K:) or a heifer (K, TA) that
ha* uat yet conceived: (TA:) and a woman, (S,
K,) and a she-camel, (As, K,) that has brought
forth but once : pi. jttLl and JbO : (TA :) or a
tdie-eumcl in her first state or condition. (Ham
p. 840.) — And [hence,] I A grape-vine that has
produced fruit but once : (A,K:) pi. jtf${. (A.)
— Also i. q. *£>, q. v. (ISd, TA.) And [hence,]
j^j^l jlOl ^Voting children. (TA, from a trad.)
And jJJi\ j\j$ t Young bees. (TA.) Whence,
jl£jl J-«ft J Honey produced by young bees : or
this means honey of which the preparation has
been superintended by virgin-girls. (A,* TA.)
_ Also t The first-born of his, or her, mother
(S, Msb, K) and father; (Msb, K;) applied
alike to the male and the female : (S :) and
sometimes to that which is not the oflspring of
human beings; (TA ;) the first-born of camels ;
(S;) and of a serpent: (TA:) pi. \\SLA. (TA.)
You say, aj#\ jiL> IJl* ; This is the first-born of
his parents. (TA.) And &>'& >^f & ^Ul iif
(A) or c^'Jj % (M,TA) {[The strongest of
men is the first-born of a man and woman each a

first-born] 1 The first of anything ; (r> ;) as'

also ▼SjjSsL.: (TA :) and + an action that has
not been preceded by its like. (K.) You spy,
Ui </j \£i iu 'Jo*)\ l ji u t This thing, or
affair, is not thy first nor thy second. (A, TA.)
— j£* * »' W t -4 want, or needful thing, recently
sought to be accomplished or attained : (TA :) or
that is the first in being referred to him of whom
its accomplishment is sought. (A, TA.)_i^«i
Ji> \ A cutting blow or stroke, (S, K,) that kills
(K) at once, (TA,) not requiring to be struck a
second time : (S, A :) pi. jl£j Ol^i ; occurring
in a trad., in which it is said that such were the
blows of 'Alee ; (S, TA ;) but in that trad., as
some recite it, the latter wcrd is t.-.ijf-" (TA.)

&: see 5^, in three places :== and see also
tfy.

Book I.]

<L^.U. ^i Jif jL\, [in the C£, erroneously,

«... *^*

'&,] and *)£, (9. £>* TA ») !' kc ;•>•- and J-*-"-
(S,) and 1j£j, (TA,) tA wan possessing the
quality of applying himself early, or of hastening,
or having strength to apply himself early, or /o

Wen, ( J3 & .^— U, 9i or j*£" yj* cfc*> 5,)
to do, or accomplish, the thing that he needs, or
nv?»/* ; (S :) ^ and j£t [nnd ^-3u] are [said to
be] possessive epithets ; for they have no simple
trilitcral verb. (TA.) [But see 1, last sentence.]

jfj : sec what next precedes.

%£ (S, Msb, K) and * I'JL} (Msb, K) The
thing upon which [passes the rope wherewith] one
draws water (S, Msb, K) from a well [or the
like] ; (S ;) [i. e. the sheave of a pulley ;] a round
piece of wood, in the middle [of the circumference]
whereof is a groove (K,T A) for the rope, and in
the interior [or centre] whereof is an axis upon
which it turns : (TA :) or a quick i)U— « [or
large sheave of a pulley]: (M, K:) [but MF
disapproves of this last explanation: sometimes,
by a synecdoche, it is used to signify a pulley

complete:] the pi. is ~ j£j, (S, Msb, K,) a pi. of

, and

the former, anomalous, like J>Xm. pi. of

I. , •<« ,

U— pi. of »U*-, (S,) or of the latter; (Msb;) or

a coll. gen. n., of which ljL> is the n. un. ; (MF ;)
and CAjfa, (S, Msb, K,) a pi. of the former [as
well as of the latter]. (S, Msb.) _ Hence, app.,
the former signifies also -\A small ring, like a
bead, in the ornamental part of a sword: (Mgh:)
[and the pi.] OtjiJ signifies f the rings that are
attached to the ornamental part [of the scabbard]
of a sword., (K,) resembling the [rings called] ~_3
[which are worn upon the fingers or toes] of

women. (TA.) [And hence, pcrha]>s,] f An

assembly, a company, or a congregated body.

(IAar, K.) — jvtcjS »'& ^* IjjU. is a prov.,
(TA,) meaning ; They came together, not one
remaining behind 1 , (S, TA ;) they came all of
them, (A A, l.T, A, TA,) without exception:
(TA :) or they came in a multitude, and all
together, none remaining behind: (TA :) or they
came in succession, one after, or at the heels of,
another: (AO:) or they came in one way, or
manner : (As :) [accord, to some, from Sj£( as
explained in the next preceding sentence; and, if
so, L JL» is used in the sense of **, or ^> ; t <,, " *.» is
understood before it : or it is from Sjfij signifying
" a youthful she-camel ;" and thus implies that
they were few: (sec Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 312:)

or] from IJ^ ^ -^->£-> meaning " I was," or
" became," or "went," " before in such a thing ;"
so that it signifies that they came from first to
last: (IJ :) or from ZjfLt in the first of the senses
explained in this paragraph ; though in this case
there is no tjHf in reality. (AO, S.*)

ijSLf and "jH/ The early morning, or first part of
the day ; (Bd and Jel in xix. 12 and xxxiii. 41 and
xlviii. 9, as relating to the former word ; and K ;•)
between the time of the prayer of daybreak andsun-
rise; syn. ojjlc ; and "jtfJt is a subst. in the same
sense, (K,) accord, to the lexicologists, as Sb
says ; but he adds that he holds it to be [only]
Bk. I.

the inf. n. of j£j\: (TA: [and the like is said in
the S with reference to its occurrence in the Kur
iii. 30 and xl. 57 :]) pi. [of pauc] of the first,
Ju$l, and [of mult.] *£. (T, Msb.) You say,
Ijtj d%3\ (S, A, Msb) and * \Jii, (A,) meaning
♦ \j^(f [I came to him early in the morning,
fa.]. (S, A, Msb.) But if you mean the SjLf of
a particular day, you 6ay, »jH> a~j5I, making the
noun imperfectly decl. ; [meaning I came to him
early in the morning, fa., of this day ;] and in
this case it is not to be used otherwise than as an
adv. n. of time. (S.) If you say * \j£=>^i, using
this word as an epithet, you use 5^=W for the

t - si * " ' *

fem. (TA.) You say also, lj£L> A-iji ^e. j-»
and 1\£*i [@° tnou on ty horse early in the
morning, &c] ; like as you say, \j» — >. (S, TA.
[But in two copies of the S, for j-i, I find ^*->.])

ZjSL> : see ijUf.

j^(A,K) and tj^lj (K) an d t>^ (A)
and *'j£l (K) J Rain that falls in the' first of
Us season : (A :) or that comes (TA) in the com-
mencement of [the season of] the • re-'j [q. v.] :
(K, TA:) and that comes in the end of the night,
or the beginning of the day. (TA.) You say
also jjiJ ->-'^«x-» £/la»« I [A cloud that comes in
the latter part of the night, in the first of its
season, bringing rain]: (A:) and "jU^«-» <oU~j
a cloud that comes in the end of the night.

(TA.) Also j£ (S, A, Msb, $) and * \j£>

(S,K) and *5J^W (M?b,K) and tjfclj (A)
and ♦ j^~o (A in art. j6-\, and K) I A palm-tree
( rt . U ., 1 , A) that comes to maturity first, (S, Msb,
K,) before the other palm-trees : (S :) or that
produces its fruit early; (A;) contr. qfjvJLt:

(A in art. jm*\ :) pL (of the first, Msb, K) jLf ;
(S,Msb, ?• ; [>n the C£ >^';]) and [pi. of *J£>lJ
or ij£s\i] j£*\yt- (K voce jtiil3.) " oj^\f is

fem. of )^=>\->, (K, TA,) which signifies t Any-
thing that hastens its coming (TA) and its attain-
ing to maturity. (K, TA.) You say also ^jl
* jl£~» + Land that produces plants, or herbage,
quickly. (I£.)

• * ii/ • >*

jSj, and its fem., with i : see jii? and j jXj.

Sj\Hf Virginity : (S, ^1 :) the virginity, or
maidenhead, of a woman. (Mgh, Msb.) = See
also j£j.

j^\j [part. n. of jfy] : see ijSJ, in two places:
= and see \&i, in three places : — and see an
ex. of the pi. of its fem. *>^W» '• e - j^\yi> yoco
j-o\j. __ Also f Fruit when first ripe : pi. j\SJ,
like as ^Am^o is pi. of ^^o-La. (TA.)

j^£»l/, and its fem. »j^^ ■ see j^>, in three

places.

•> j * to

oj}f=>\j [as a subst.] : see j£j. — Also, (S, K,)

or ai£>UJI iJ>i»C, (A, Msb,) :The/r*< of fruit:

(S:) or the first that comes to maturity, of fruit:

(A,Msb,KL:) or fruit that hastens to come forth:

241

(AHat, Msb:) pi. Je£>£ and £»£j£l* (M ? b.)

__ The pi. r~=>\yi also signifies t Winds that
announce [coming] rain. (A in art. j^~>.)

• * •' 1

jU^I : sec »>/.

* •'' • •ji** /. <• *%'

jJLj\ dim. of jJ^I, pi. of pauc. of jiL/ : sec its

P 1 - OjArf' voce >v.

^jSaCi t The colours of palm-trees when the
fruit begins to ripen. (TA voce _»eilJ.)

* t>i • v

^C-. : see j&.

jl£*o : sec j^j, in three places.
o! > C:. ? ,.o ol»j-^> : see j£*, last sentence.

1.J6, aor. :, (Msb.K,) inf. n. j£, (?,¥,)
7/e was u*j*-\ [meaning dumb, cither by natural
conformation or /rowi inability to find words to
express what he would say] ; (S, Msb, K ;•) ^&
being syn. with ^j*; as is also <U&/ [accord,
to rule an inf. n. of j£j, which may also have
the same signification as ^J, as well as another
to be explained below] : (K.:) or he had not un-
derstanding to reply, (T, Msb, TA,) nor ability to
frame speech well, (T, TA,) though possessing Ote

faculty of speech : [sec JJ$ :] (T, Ms b, TA :)
or lie was dumb, and moreover unable to find
words to express what ke would say, and weak
in utidcrstanding, silly, or stupid: (K:) or he
was dumb and deaf and blind by birth. (Th, IC.)
—jjit, aor. '- , (inf. n. &ol£;, TK,) He refrained,
(Lth, K,) or, as some say, broke off, or ceased,
(TA,) from speaking, intentionally, (Lth, K,
TA,) or from ignorance. (Lth, TA.)_ f 7/e
cut himself off, or desisted, from marriage, or
sexual intercourse, either from ignorance or in-
tentionally. (K, TA.)

1 * *» #* ••

5. >OU3t dJLt ^ojy Hit S])cech was, or became,
impeded; he was unable to speak freely. (A,l£.)

yfSj : see what follows, in two places.

'J$\ (T, S, Msb, ?:, &c.) and t^ (S, IC) t. 7 .

' ' ' l

^_r>jo-\ [meaning Dumb, either by natural con-
formation or from inability to find wordt to
express what he would say] : (S, Msb, K. :) or
not having understanding to reply, (IAar, T,
Msb, TA,) nor ability to frame speech well, (T,
TA,) though possessing the faculty of speech ;
whereas ^j+A signifies speechless, or destitute
of the faculty of speech, by natural conformation,
(T,Msb,TA,) like the beast that lacks the faculty
of articulation ; 1(T, TA ;) unable to find wordt
to exprett what ke ivould say ; unable to reply :
(AZ, TA :) or dumb by natural conformation :
(IAth.TA:) fem. &&: (TA:) pi. J£ (Msb,
K) and oC£, (K,) both pis. of Jcjl, like as
jro and ,jl»«o are pis. of^-ol ; and the pi. of
tjA isjtajl. (TA.) In the $ur ii. 166, J^'
means persons in the condition of him who hat
been born dumb: or, as some say, deprived of
their intellects : (Zj, TA :) or ignorant and ig-
noble; because not profiting much by the faculty

31

242

of speech, bo that they are as though they had
been deprived of it. (IAth,TA.) The phrase
.'U*£- il,kf iU-3 A^j, occurring in a trad., [lit]
meaning [A sedition, or the like,] deaf, dumb,
blind, applies to a &£» that does not withdraw,
or become removed : or, as some say, to one
which, by reason of the confusion attending it,
and the |ierishing of the sound and the sick there-
in, is likened to the deaf and dumb and blind
who does not pursue the right course to a thing,
but goes at random like the weak-sighted she-
cnmel. (TA.)

1. (Jiy, aor. ; , (Msb, $,) inf. n. l£/ and t£
(S, Msb,K) and ^Ci, (Har p. 11,) He wept;
i. e. he fomented, or grieved, shedding tears at the
same time ; and he lamented, or grieved, alone ;
and he shed tears alone: (Er-Raghib, TA :)
accord, to some, the preferable opinion is, that
there is no difference between !b^ and l£/: (TA:)
or the former means the crying, or uttering of
the voire [of lamentation], (S, IK(t, Msb,TA,
&c.,) thot accompanies >I£JI [so in copies of the
S and in the TA, but correctly t£JI] ; (S, IK(J,
TA ;) and the latter (Uy), the shedding of tears :
(§, IKm.MkIi, 'I' A, &c.:) or the former, i. c. with
medd, means the shedding of tears by reason of
lamentation, or grief, and raising of the voice,
or crying, [at the same time,] when the voice is
predominant, being like l\ij and !Uu and other
words of the same form applied to denote the
uttering of a cry or of the voice ; and the latter,
[the shedding of tears ice.] when lamentation,
or grief, is predominant : (Er-Raghib, TA :) or
by the former is meant the crying, or uttering
of the voice [of lamentation]; and by the latter,
the lamenting, or grieving. (Kh, TA.) &J and
.l£J [may bo inf. ns. of ^J^ or of *jA, and]
signify the same as l\£/ : or much JSL> [or weeping,
fa.]: (£ :) MP asserts that !l& (with kesr) and
the former of these explanations are unknown;
but both the word and the explanation are men-
tioned by Lh, as used in a form of words uttered
by Arab women of the desert to fascinate men :
ISd, however, says that it should be .l£j, because
it is an inf. n. of a class formed to denote much-
ness [of the attribute signified by the verb], like
« '•' • - »' »•.»-

jtjhy3 and ^>\»Xi &c. ; and IAar says that JUuj,

with fet-h, has the latter of the two significations
assigned to it above. (TA.) [Sec what is said
of the measure JUaj voce &&.] You say, a) ( iy

(MF, TA) and *& J^, (S, Msb, £, MF,)
meaning [He wept] for, or over, him, or it : and
only <v ^J [or thus and also <LU .Ju as appears
from what follows] when meaning [He wqrt]
because, or in consequence, of it : ('Inayeh, MF,
TA:) and il£ and tjl£, ( As, AZ, S, Msb, £,)
inf. n. of the former !Uy (K) [and U*], and of
the latter i&j, (TA,) signify the same as ^JL/
«ei* 5 (As, AZ, S, Msb,* K ;) the object being a
man : (As,S :) and (or as some say, TA) he wept
for, or over, him, i. c., one dead ; or did so, and
enumerated his good qualities or actions: syn.
•Hi : (? or » M 80IUC m Y> ^ means [he wept

because, or in consequence, of it, i. e.,] on account
of being pained: and aJLc ^Jii, [he wept for, or
over, him,] by reason of tenderness of heart, or
compassion: and [hence] it is said that '«"<• is
originally L >L&: (TA :) [and t i$ may
have an intensive, or a frequentative, meaning;
for it is said that] ^Jii, addressed to the eye,
signifies weep thou much, and repeatedly. (Ham
p. 461.) — [Hence,] 'i i \Lli\ cJ$ \The cloud
rained. (Msb.) — ^J^ also means He sang:
[in the CJ£, ^j& ^£/j is erroneously put for
^j-*" [^jfcs '■] thus it lias two contr. significations :
(K, TA :) accord, to MF, it has this meaning
only in relation to the pigeon and the like ; but
it is also used in this sense when said of a man,
as in a verse cited voce SjUl, q. v. : and he
observes that the assertion of its having two contr
significations requires consideration, seeing that
it is also said to signify ^yj ; [for in the perform-
ance of tij, it is a common practice to sing ;] hut
Alj is generally accompanied by lamentation, and

Xk by rejoicing. (TA.) a££J *%UJ: sec 3.

2 : sec 1, in three places: = and sec also 4.

3. ii&i '<££>(>, (S,TA,) aor. of the latter
i ipt it

•^1, (TA,) or *X/\, retaining its original form,

accord, to a rule observed in the case of a verb
having an infirm letter [for its second or third
radical] lest a verb with a radical ^j should be
confounded with one having a radical j, (Ham
p. 670,) i. c. [/ vied with him, or strove to exceed
him, in weeping, and I exceeded him therein, or]
J was a greater weeper (^jJ^I) than he. (S, TA.)

4. »\£/\ [He made him, or caused him, to weep;
or] he did to him what made him to weep ; (S,
£ ;) as also * itf^,1. (S.) And ajl t »£,,
inf. n. iXJ, He excited him to weep for him, or
it ; (KL, TA ;) namely, a person dead, (K.,) or a
thing lost. (TA.)

6. ^y*\~> signifies i\£j\ <JMJ3 [i. e. He affected
weeping ; or endeavoured, or constrained himself,
to weep], (S, K.) Hence, in a trad., Jj Ali
t^£>UI» i\£j Ijjta. '.' [And if ye experience not
weeping, endeavour to weep] : (TA :) [or the
words of the trad, are] Ji JU ty^ ^£i)l \^j i
t^£>&3 I^C3 [Peruse ye the Kur-dn, and weep ;
or, if ye weep not, endeavour to do so]. (Bd in
xix. 59.) __ And He feigned, or made a show of,
weeping. (Har p. 602.)

10. a\ C ,., : ,.,t : see 4. _ Also He desired, or re-
quired, of him weeping. (TA.)
i .
y^t One who weeps much ; (S, K ;) as also

» 2l£/. (Kl, but omitted in some copies and in the

_ A j» $ * • j «

TA.) = ^f ^fi. J»j A man unable to speak.

(Mbr, TA.) [But perhaps this should be lAj^:

see art. l£>.]

*l2/ : see ^JL>.

JW part. n. of ^ [i. e. Weeping, &c] : (K :)

pl- (j^j (S, K,) of the measure Jye, with the j
changed into ^ [and the second daramch con-

[Book I.

sequcntly into a kesrch, wherefore it is also, some-
times, pronounced yj^\, (S,) and ll^, (^,) which
is agreeable with analogy and usage, though said
by Es-Semcen to have not been heard. (TA.)
[The pi. of the fern., i. e. of <L£»l^, is olilj and

-it

^jC^I [A greater weeper, or one who weeps
more, than another: sec 3]. (S, TA.)

1. iL (S, M, &c.,) aor. « , (S, M,) inf. n. J^
(M, Msb, K) and 2X/, (M,K,) He moistened it
(S, M,K) with water (M, Msb,K) &c. ; (M ;)
and in like manner, T aJLL, (S, M, K,) but signi-
fying he moistened it much. (S, TA.)_[Hcnce,]
UjUil ^JyNI C-Jb [The camels damped their
thirst;] i.e., drank a little. (TA in art. >ȣ.)
— [Hence also,] ii-J Jj, (T, S, M, K,) aor. -' ,
(T, M,) inf. n. JW (with fet-h, TA [in the CKL it
has kesr]) and J^lb, (M, K,) J ///• made close [or
he refreshed] his ties of relationship by behaving
with goodness and affection and gentleness to his
kindred; syn. \X^,' 3 , (T, S, M, ]£,) and liljJ :
(T:) for, as some things are conjoined and com-
mixed by moisture, anil become disunited by
dryness, Jo is metaphorically used to denote con-
junction, as above, and ^^-j to denote the con-
trary. (TA.) A poet says,

oW j~-t V-^ u Wj

[l And the tics of relationship, make thou them
close &c. by the best mode, or modes, of doing so;
for the name thereof is derived from the name of

the Compassionate] : here ^^j^LlI may be a noun
m the sing, number, like o!>**> or ,l may be
pi. of JJj, which may be either a subst. or aa
inf. n., for some inf. ns. have pis., as Jii and
Jit. and ^j6y>. (M.) Ami it is said in a trad.,
j>%J\i £) ^^SUU-jl I^JL; J Make ye close [or
refresh ye] your ties of relationship &c., though
but, or if only, by salutation; syn. U^JLo, (M,)
or iLa)L> Ifc^ju. (S.) And hence the saying in
another trad., aJU^Vj ail ^y JL^. U ^ •" -I 1^1

' * . o •

oW* ^1 CA-»- , }IW I[H'/tcn f/ie tie between thee
and God wears out, repair thou it, or refresh
thou it, by beneficence to his servants]. (TA.)
[Sec also J*^..] — J& 'M l&i, (S, M, K,) and
L^l, (M, K,) \May God give tkec a son. (S, M,
K, TA.) Hence, perhaps, the phrase, <y i)lju c-Jl/
as meaning -f- Thou was given it. (Har p. 479.)
You say also, <CUj, meaning fl gave to him.
(T.) And * 1?W ^jit iUJ <J, and t J^, (T, S,
M, K, [but in the £ CJuc, and "or" for "and,"

and in the CK JULJ *^,]) t No bounty, (S,) no
//oor/, or no benefit, shall betide thee from me, (T,
S, K, TA,) nor rcill I profit thee, nor believe thee.
(T.) — l^b They sowed land. (ISh, T, £.)=,
[ Jj as an intrans. verb perhaps primarily signifies

Book I.]

It wot, or became, moist; and has for its sec.
pere. cJLly or cJU*, and for its aor. - or ; , and
for its inf. n. JJ^, and probably iX/ &c. mentioned
with that noun below. ___ And hence,] -JjJI C~l/,
aor. ; , inf. n. J>ij, 2%« n>tnd wo* cold and moist.
(M,K.) [See J*y.] — [And hence, probably,
as though originally said of one who had had a

fever,] **by» ,>• J^> aor - » » '"*• n - J* (?» M » W
and Jjg and J^'; (M,K;) and *j*l, and
♦J-i-l; (S, M, K;) He recovered from his
disease : (S, M :) and *J^I and * JJLJ he became
in a good condition after leanness, or meagerness :
(M,Z:) or all have this latter signification : and
the second (J*') has the former also. (K.)^
And ji, (M, K,) aor. ; , (M,) inf. n. J^JL/ ; and
^J/lj He (a man,TA) escaped, or became safe
or secure, (M, K,) from difficulty, diitrat, or

straitness. (TA.) — ,>$! .J Jy, (Msb, K,*

TA,) nor. - , inf. n. Ji ; (Msb ;) and t J,t ; (M,
K;) He (a man, M) ?wi( away in, or into, </«e
fanrf, or country. (M, Msb, K.) And *i*U c~L>
7/m she-camel went away. (TA.) And cUy
l^ J^ ^ki, (Fr,T,TA,) and ^ Mfl
lyy^-j, (K,) His camel, or riding-camel, ran
away, or n>en< away, at random, to pasture,
straying; syn. 2u C-i*. (Fr, T, K, TA. [In
tlic ('K, ^— ►*! which, as is said in the TA, is
witliout teshdeed, is written c « »».])ob^ CoUft
(As,T, S, &c.,) inf. n. jXj, (M,) /</«< Aim; 0O<
possession of him ; (As, T, S, M, K ;) got him in
»/*y /<anrf. (S.) One says, •>) ^ju .iX/ cJL/ ,jJU

»_$*•*■ LP* 3 -»' U^?^ [Assuredly if m lf hand get
hold of thee, thou shalt not quit me unless thou
give up, or pay, my right, or due]. (S.) And
hence the prov., J-oU JyW O^* v>* dJUy U [J
<//'</ not i/cf, in *kc/i a <w, a man like an arrow
with a brohen notch and without a head] ; mean-
ing I got a perfect man ; one sufficient. (Sh,T.)__
Also, (T,) or «ilW, (M, K,) I hept, or cfaw, to
him, (T, M, K,) namely, a man, (T, 1$.,) and
constantly associated with him. (T.) And J)->
»-i)l/, inf. n. ^k/, He became devoted, or at-
tached, to the thing, and hept to it constantly.
(TA.)-And **ci^, (M,K,) aor. *, (TA,)
inf. n. JJl^ and i)^ and J>X/, J was tried by

t t t m *

him (<v w---« [app. meaning < « ■■■. ^ fy love of
him]), and loved him ( « 3 U* [in the CK a Tile]) ;
as also ay cJUl^, (AA, M, K.,) aor. - , inf. n. J^Xj.
(AA, TA.) And <v oJJu J roa* rrisd 6y him, at

though by fire, (aj C- t . U o, [in the CK C^^X^,])
nw«f suffered distress, or misery, or fatigue
(C ^ L rf , for which C •«*■■ " < is erroneously put in the

copic's of the K : TA j. (M, K.*) y JJu^ U,

(K,) aor. = , inf. n. Jli, (TA,) I did not light
on, or meet tvith, or find, nor hnow, him, or it}
cxpl. by iii^ $ i^l U. (K.)=j;, (Th,
M, K,) inf. n' JX/, (Th, S, M, K,) He (a man)
was, or became, such as is termed J^l [which
epithet see below]. (Th, S, M, K.)

2 : see 1, first sentence.

4. J^l It (wood, or a branch or twig,) had the
tap, (JQt, K,) or the produce of the rain, (O,)
flowing in it. (O, K.) — See also JJ, in four
places. = He (a man) refitted, or withstood, and
overcame. (As, T, S. [See also J*l.]) And Jj\
aJL* i/e overcame him. (M, K.) [See an ex. in
a verse of Sa'ideh, cited voce u> *.] — 2fg
wearied by badness, or wickedness: (M, K:) or
Ae wearied another in aiding him to accomplish

his desire. (TA. [See J^«.]) ssa oJU^l JT made

him to go away. (Msb.)

a-
5 : see 8 : — and see also J->.

8. ,J^I /< became moist or moistened (S, M,
Msb,»K) with water (M,Msb,K) &c; (M;)
and in like manner, [but signifying it became

much moistened, being quasi-pass, of *AAv>] *sfi*>-

(M,K.) See also Jj.

10 : see J*.

R. Q. I- JX, inf- n. iXJL/' and JllJ^, (M, K,)
the latter with kesr, (TA,) [but written in the
CK with fet-h,] He put people tn motion ; and
roused, or excited, them. (M, K.) -■> Also, (T,)
inf. n. <UU^, (K,) He scattered, dispersed, or put
asunder, his goods, commodities, or household-
utensils and furniture. (IAar, T, K.* [In the
CK, »U^)lj is erroneously put for pU^Jtj.])— —

And He divided, or disunited, opinions. (Fr, T,
K ; but only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense
is mentioned.) — And He (God) [mixed or con-
founded or] made discordant the tongues, or
languages, of a people. (T.) — [Sec also iXXi
below.]

II. Q. 2. J-Lj He (a man) was moved by
grief [or anxiety : see iiJu, below]. (Jlar p. 94.)
_ (j-J^) 1 dJEJM 2TA0 tongues, or languages,
became mixed, or confounded. (S, K.) ass C.JULJ
J)a31 J^"^l 2%« camels went on seeking the herbage,
or pasture, and left not of it aught. (S, K.)

Jj is a particle of digression : (Mughnee, K :)
or, accord, to Mbr, it denotes emendation, wher-
ever it occurs, in the case of a negation or an
affirmation : (T, TA :) or it is a word of emenda-
tion, and denoting digression from that which
precedes; as also ^, in which the ^ is a substi-
tute for the J, because Jv is of frequent occurrence,
and ^ i 8 rare ; or, as IJ says, the latter may be
an independent dial. var. (M.) When it is fol-
lowed by a proposition, the meaning of the digres-
sion is either the cancelling of what precedes, as
' *"!■* •.* <* *?•* ** #»»*•• tjf ',' if '••
in Oyj£» >W» J* 4iU-5-» IjJj 0-*~-r ' J^-" 1 !$"*3

[And they said, " The Compassionate hath gotten
offspring :" extolled be his freedom from that which
is derogatory from his glory ! nay, or nay rather, or
nay but, they are honoured servants (K ur x5t '- 26)]>
or transition from one object of discourse to ano-

ther, as in ^jLaa *4 iJt ~>\ j&ij ^>j> O* ^»' ■*»
Ui jJI 5UaJI O^y^ Si \.H e natn attained felicity
who hath purified himself, and celebrated the
name of his Lord, and prayed : but ye prefer the
present life (Kur lxxxvii. 14 — 16)] : (Mughnee,
K :•) and in all such cases it is an inceptive par-
ticle; not a conjunctive. (Mughnee.) When it

243

is followed by a single word, it is a conjunction,
(S,* Msb,* Mughnee, K,) and requires that word
to be in the same case as the word before it: (S:)
and if preceded by a command or an affirmation,
(Mughnee, K,) as in lj*s Jy Ij^j w>-»l [Beat
thou Zeyd : no, 'Amr], (Msb, Mughnee, K») ai »d
yj+* Ji Xljjte [Zeyd stood: no, 'Amr], (M,
Mughnee, K,) or i»^l J^ SiyiA J>A*. [Thy
brother came to me : no, thy father], (S.) it
makes what precedes it to be as though nothing
were said respecting it, (S,* Msb,* Mughnee, K,)
making the command or affirmation to relate to
what follows it: (S,» Msb,» Mughnee:) [and
similar to these cases is the caso in whicli it is
preceded by an interrogation : see j>\ as syn. with
this particle :] but when it is preceded by a nega-
tion or a prohibition, it is used to confirm the
meaning of what precedes it and to assign the
contrary of that meaning to what follows it,
(Mughnee, K,) as in ^>U & j*j >U U [Zeyd
stood not, but 'Amr stood], (Mughnee,) or U
tj^c Jy Ij^j «Lelj [I saw not Zeyd, but I saw
'Amr], (S,) and ^ jj j^'j 'J* ^ [Let not
Zeyd stand, but let 'Amr stand]. (Mughnee.)
Mbr and 'Abd-El-Wdrith allow its being used to
transfer the meaning of the negation and the pro-
hibition to what follows it; so that, accord, to
them, one may say, lj*V» J^ \+M j*j U [as
meaning Zeyd is not standing : no, is not fitting],
and jkftlS ji [but is sitting] ; the meaning being
different [in the two Cases]. (Mughnee, K. # )
The Koofecs disallow its being used as a conjunc-
tion after anything but a negation [so in the
Mughnee, but in the K a prohibition,] or the like
thereof; so that one should not say, Ij-ij w<^e
■AM JJ [X beat Zeyd: no, thee]. (Mughnee,
K.) Sometimes ^j is added before it, to corrobo-
rate the meaning of digression, after an affirmation,
as in the saying,

* * j • * *.* * *

• Jyi\^ ii-£» l^iiU yjCJ*

[Thy face it the full moon : no, but it would be
the tun, were it not that eclipte and tetting are
appointed to happen to the tun] : and to corrobo-
rate what precedes it, after a negation, as in

- ( * 9 9* Us* f a '

[And I did not abandon thee, or hare not aban-
doned thee: no, but abandonment and dittance,
protracted, not to an appointed period, increased,
or have increased, my heart-felt love]. (Mughnee,
K. •) _ Sometimes it is used to denote the passing
from one subject to another without cancelling
[what precedes it], and is syn. with j, as in the
saying in the Kur [lxxxv. 20 and 21], ,ja *3i\}
j^, &\ji yh j* i>«^« ^lj^ [And God from
behind them is encompassing : and it it a gloriout
Kur-dn : or here it may mean ,jj, as in an ex.
below] : and to this meaning it is made to accord
in the saying, ^kji J* j^j> l _ J ** <J [I owe him
a deendr and a dirhem]. (Msb.) _ In the fol-

31 •

244

lowing saying in the I£ur [xxxviii. 1], ^J ljJJJu^
JUij ^* ^* !>>£> Jh'JJt'ji >£>JJT, it is said
to signify ^| ; [so that the meaning is, By the
%ur-dn possessed of eminence, verily they who
have disbelieved are in a state of pride and oppo-
sition;] therefore the oath applies to it. (Akh,
8.) — Sometimes the Arabs use it in breaking off
a saying and commencing another; and thus a
man commences with it a citation, or recitation,
of verse ; in which case, it does not form any part
of tlio first verse, but is a sign of the breaking off,
or ending, of what precedes. (Akh, 8.) Some-
times it is put in the place of ^ Jf (8, Mughnec,)
as in the saying of the rajiz,

[Many a far-extending desert have I traversed,
after afar-extending desert]. (8 : [and a similar
ex. is given in the Mughnce.])__ What is defi-
cient in this word [supposing it to be originally
of three letters] is unknown ; and so in the cases
of Jjk and jJ : it may be a final j, <>r ^5 ; or
they may be originally J^ and Jji and j3,
(Akh, 8.)

[ J* Moist, or containing moisture : or rather
moistened; being, app., an inf. n. used in the
sense of a pass. part. n. ; like jJU. in the sense
of J>ifL». Hence,] iL -^j and tj^ and

* ii^i-t -A. mind in which is moisture : (8 :) or
the last, a wind mixed with feeble rain : (T :)
and the socond, a wind cold with moisture; (M,
Jf. ;) or the same, a wind cold with rain ; (A,
TA;) the north wind, as though it sprinkled
water by reason of its coldness : (TA :) and
*JXt also signifies a cold north wind: (Ibn-
'Abbad, TA :) J^ is used alike as sing, and
pi.: ($:) it has no pi. (M.) — .^ £ A
man (M) devoted, or attached, to a thing, and

keeping to it constantly. (M,£. [In the CK.

J is

and in my MS. copy of the Jfc, *^ii\ is erro-
neously put for 1^X)1.])_ And jJ, alone, Much

given to the deferring of payment to his creditors,
by repeated promises; (T;) withholding, by swear-
ing, what he possesses of things that are the right-
ful property of others. (IAar, T, $.) See also

Jjyl, in two places.

I

Jy Allowable, or lawful; i. e., to be taken, or

let alone, or done, or made use of , or possessed :
(T,S, M,$:) so in the dial. ofHimyer: (T, S.
M :) or o remedy ■ (A'Obeyd, T, 8, M, £ ;) from
the phrase *^ &* Jj [q. v.] : (A,'Obeyd, T, 8,
M :) or it is an imitative sequent to J*., (M,$,)
as some say : (M :) so As thought until he heard
that it was said to be of the dial, of Himycr in
the first of the senses explained above : (S, M :)
A'Obeyd and ISk say that it may not be so
because it is conjoined with J*. \>y y. (T :) and
A'Obeyd says, We have seldom found an imita-
tive sequent conjoined by y (TA.) Hence the
phrase, JpJ^M£lti» to thee lawful and
allowable: or lawful and a remedy. (M,$.»)
And hence the saying of £1-' Abbas the son

J*

of 'Abd-El-Muttalib, respecting [the well of]

Zemzem, Jy J». ^lil ^» It is to a drinker
lawful kc. '(T,S, M.)

If*

SJv [A single act of moistening. __ And hence,]

The least sprinkling (jj^ ^j*\ lit. the least mois-
ture) of good. (TA in art. Ja.) You say, UU.

***" ggj **v ^W ^» O*^ [Such a one came to
us and did not bring us anything to rejoice us
nor the least sprinkling of good] : 31m, accord, to
ISk, being from 9-^ilt and J^L^w*9l, and iL
from JJJt and J^^JI. (S.) And Hm ^Ul U
*Jv ^3 He did not obtain, or has not obtained,
anything. (S.) — Wealth, or competence: (Fr,
TA:) or wealth, or competence, after poverty;
(Fr, T, K, TA ;) as also tj^. ($.) _ Remains
of herbage or pasture ; (K.;) as also ♦ *!/. (Fr,
T, ]£.) __ The freshness of youth ; as also ♦ il^ ;
(M, IS.;*) but the former word is the more ap-
proved. (M.) — Sec also an ex. voce jli.

iij : see JXi, in two places : ___ and see also

#5-

Uj, in two places. _ Also A state of moisture.
(M.) — The moittnre of fresh pasture. (S, M,
£.) The rajiz (Ihdb Ibn-'Omeyr, TA) says, de-
scribing [wild] asses.

meaning that they went in the cool of the evening
to the water after that the herbage had dried up :
J^ty^l means the wild animals that are satisfied
with green pasture, so as to be in no need of
water. (S.)

»«• w*«>

SJv : sec JX>, in two places._ Also Good, good
fortune, prosperity, or wealth : and sustenance, or
means of subsistence. (M,^.) Health; sound-
ness; or freedom from disease. (T,K,TA.)__./1
repast prepared on the occasion of a wedding,

or on any occasion. (Fr,J£.) J The tongue's

fluency, and chasteness of speech : (K, TA :) or
its readiness of diction or expression, and facility;
(M ;) and [so in the M, but in the $ " or,"] its
falling upon the [right] places of utterance of the
letters, (T, M, A, ]£,) and its regular and uni-
form continuance of speech, (T, M, K,) and its
facility. (£.) You say, «utJ sL ,jlL\ U
t [How good is the fluency, Sec, of his tongue !].
(T,M,TA.)

jirf Moisture; (S, M, Msb, K. ;) as also * £j^
(§, M, $) and * ji* and V «& (M, K) [and'
several other dial. vars. occurring in phrases in
this paragraph] : or * SX/ signifies an inferior, or
inconsiderable, degree of moisture; (Lth,T,$;
[an ambiguity in the K in this place has occasioned
several mistakes in Frey tag's Lex. voce JJv;])
and ♦j^ is an anomalous pi. of this word; (M,
TA;) and is pi. also of ♦aJ^': (S, TA :) and
^>^, occurring in a verse cited above (see 1)
may be pi. of j£. (M.) [Using syns. of Ji^
in the sense explained above,] you say, woLb
f ^' J* **?". C9»»?») and *^» (K,) or
♦ *«iij, (T, M,) / folded the skin while it was
moist, (T, S, M,F,) before it should break in

[Book I.

pieces, (T,) or lest it should break in pieces.
(M.) And [hence,] t aJU^ ,Jle O^i oJ^t,

(T,»S,M,«K,») and t*^', (T,S,K,) and t*^,

and t*^', and *4J^', (K:,) and t*^', (S,

K,) and t*£, (M,K.) and t^J, (S,K.)

and t*-^, (K,) and ▼aJ > L', (S,K,) which
is of the dial, of Temccm',' (TA,) nnd * aJ^',
(K,) 1 1 bore with, suffered, or tolerated, such a
one, (S, K,) notwithstanding his vice, or fault,
(T, S, M, I£,) ami ecil conduct : (S :) or [so in
the M and ¥., but in the S " and,"] / treated
him with gentleness, or blandishment, (S, K,)
while some love, or affection, remained in him;
(S, M, "K.;) and this is tlic true meaning; (M ;)
and in like manner, *-ii t J^ ^JS. (S, TA.)
And t aJ«^ ^. l\'^ 0t and f jU(^ j jf e f e j tjne d

himself heedless of, or inattentive to, his vice,
or fault; like as one folds a skin upon its fault
[to conceal that fault]. (T.) And J,^ii\ Ji^ail
♦Jv-ti*-, and *.^Urf, and t^j^, ^The
people, or company of men, turned away, or back,
having some good, or somewhat good, remaining,
111 them, or among them; exjil. Iiy iJu^^ij [in
which the last word generally implies something
good; as, for instance, in the Km- xi. 118] : (M,
IC :) or, in a good state, or condition : (K. :) or
this latter is meant when one says, ^yZLLj. (T.)
— Abundance of heritage; or of the goods, con-
veniences, or comforts, of life. (TA.)_ See also

yjj. __<UJj ^j—a-l U How good is his adornment
of himself! or his manner of undertaking a task,
or taking upon himself a responsibility ! (1£ :

cxpl. in some copies by «JWtjJ; and so in the

TA : in others by • <1 <,i-, * )

JXi, like i^o, (K,) or JL, (so in a copy of
the T, accord, to the TT,) Seed; grain fox-
sowing. (ISh, T, K.)

ii±t and its pi. : sec four exs. voce JJ^.

OX( and its pi.: sec three exs. voce ,_Jj^__
The sing, also signifies Garb, guise, aspect or
appearance, external state or condition. (Ibn-
'Abbdd.K.) You say, SJUUI ^LLi Z\ Verily
lie is goodly, or beautiful, in garb, Sec. (Ibn-
'Abbad, TA.)^ You say also, jLJSj JLfc. and
"Olijy^, meaning Hotv is tky state, or condition?
(Ibn-'Abbdd,K.)

iUj : sec three exs. voce JJ*.

J"^ a subst. signifying The making close the
ties of relationship by behaving with goodness
and affection and gentleness to one's kindred:
(K :) changed in form from iJl^ ; q. v. (TA.)
[See also J"^.]

J^: )

sec what next follows.

J*

^y%: see JJl^, in four places. __ Also Water;
(T, S,'M, }S ;) and so » J^ and 0^- (K.)
You say, J*^ a5Uw ^ U There is not in his
skin any water : (T, S :) or anything whatever :
(so in a copy of the S:) and in like manner one

Book I.]

■ays of a well. (T.) And 0^^>« U * There
it not any water in the well. (SO — And Any-
thing with which one moistens the fauces, of water
or of milk: (S, Msb, £ :) such is Baid to bo i to
meaning. (Msb.) — And hence the saying,

v** J+& \*~**\> l e - ^hi ^^ [Make

ye dose the ties of relationship by behaving with
that goodness and affection and gentleness Jo
kindred which those ties require: see *+m~ 3 J*;
mid sec also J^-t\ (§•)

J^iJ : sec two cxs. voce JXf.

. , &■

Jtb: see J/.

aj*^i : sec an ex. voce JX^.

&"&: see ji*, in two places Also The

quantity with which a thing is moistened. (Har
p. 107.) And A remain, or remainder; (T,

and liar « bi BB I M *0 ns *'«>.**•• ,( Har ubi
supra.) You say, Si^i *& h-& *? U There is
not in it anything remaining. (T, and Har ubi
supra.)

1) J£ : sec two exs. voce JX/ : — and sec an
ex. voce OXXj.

\x£ : 8 ce %. Also Wheat boiled in water,

[in the present day, with clarified butter, and
honey,] and eaten. (TA.) e= And i. q. a—»
[Health, or soundness, fcc.]. (TA.)

^ : sec iU

J% A hot bath : (K :) the I and o arc aug-
mentative : for the hot bath is thus called because
he who enters it is moistened by its water or by
his sweat: (TA :) pi. OU&, (SO occurring in
a trad., and said by IAth to be originally 0*£&.
(TA in art. cA*i «n which » ns wcl1 ns in t,,C
present art., it is mentioned in the K.) — It is
now applied to A man who serves [the bathers,
by washing them «cc.,] in the hot bath: [fern,
with 5 :] but this is a vulgar application of the
word. (TA.)

,j"^ : see 1.

j!X [ T1,c nightingale: and a certain melodious
bird resembling the nightingale^ both, in the
present day, vulgarly called jX :] the ^J^
[q. v.] : and the J^&> [q. v.]': <T :) a certain
bird, (S.M.SO well known, (SO of beautiful
voice, that frequents the Haram [or Sacred Terri-
tory of Mehheh], and is called by the jKople of
El-Hijdz the jiS [q. v.]. (M.)_A man light,
or active: (§ or clever, well-mannered, or
elegant, and light, or active: (T :) or a man
(M) light, or active, in journeying, and^very
helpful; (M, K ;) and so 0#* (M,) or t^A&i
(SO or, accord, to Th, a boy light, or active, in
journeying : (M :) and a man light, or active,
in that which he sets about; (TA;) as also

* J/& 5 (S or *» la8t rig 1 "* 68 a man active
in intellect, to whom nothing is unapparent: (T:)
pi. of the first, (§,) and of the last, (SO J{k-
(§, (,)h A certain fish, of the size of the hand.

(Ibn-'Abbad,SO"« The *P ovt ( SV ^ °f a mug
(, j^), that pours forth the water. (M, SO

3X& inf.n. of JX [q.v.]. (M.SO — ^
j<o*« of confusion, or w»tx<«re, o/ <on^««, or
taMNopi. (M,S-*) I" the copies ^of the S,
iL^l is here erroneously put for ii-J^l. (TA.)
_1 Also, and tjU*, The vain, or unprofitable,
or etn'Z, suggestion of anxieties in tlie bosom : (TO
or anxiety, and vain, or unprofitable, or cct/,
suggestion of the mind: (SO or tn*en*e anxiety,
and vain, or unprofitable, or mO, suggestions or
<Aou<,«fc; (M,S0 «« also t J^ft ( 80 in *■ M >
accord, to the TT,) or *J/&: (so in copies of
the K this ,ft8t [however] is pi. of * JI& ; (T ;)
which also signifies vehement distress in the bosom;
(M, K and so does *&&: (IJ, M :) w'JvJ
signifies anxiety and f7>-»V : and, as also iLX/, a
wiofiow, or commotion, in the heart, arising from
grief or Zo»e. (Har p. 94.)

aiX -4 ™«f7 Qy^>) /*«»»»i7 a *P 0Ut (J***) & y

tAe side of its head, (M, S> TA,) from which the
water pours forth : (TA :) or a ewer, as long as
it contains wine. (Kull p. 102.)

y J^X l : sec J-V

JL&: sec &&, >n three places, bs Also A
putting people in motion; and rousing, or exci<-
t'n//, them : a subst. from R. Q. 1. (M, SO

JS&: see JX» in tw0 places :aa and sec

2uW [properly A r/*tn-7 <Aa< moistens And

hence,] J Bounty, or liberality; or a fl-t/i; as
also * J"*i : (T, S, TA :) and both these words,
good, or benefit ': (T, S, M, TA :) so in a phrase
mentioned above; see 1: (T,S,S0 the latter
word is changed in form from the former. (T.)
[See also J^j above.]

jyi^: see J^.

[ JA More, and most, moist : few. i^ : and
pi. j; Hence,] ^W> $fi V^» The touth "
the most moist of tlu winds. (S.) — [Hence,

also,] ^I>» if-fV. *0 '*^ ^ JVb '**' ,V "
wore healthful and suitabU to the body than

sport. (TA.) And *& SUU> A «mootA *tone

or rock. (S.) And JJl, applied to a man, (T,

S, «cc.,) Violent, or vehement, in contention, alter-
cation, or dispute; (T,M,S0 as also tJJ:

(S or ( M ) one who has no sen * e °f shame •*

(M, s or ( TA ) one mho rexi$tt ' or mithttand *'
(S.TAO and overcomes: (TAO or (M) very
niean, (M, T£,)from whom that which he possesses
cannot be obtained, (Ks, T, S, M, SO h reason
of his meanness; (Ks,T,S;) and so f& applied
to a woman: (Ks,S.) or mean, (TAO ™ ch
given to the deferring of payment to his creditors,
(IAar, M, K,) much given to swearing (T, S, S)
and 'to wronging, (S, SO nnthholding the rightful
property of others; (TA ;) as also t j; [q. v.] :
(IAar, M, [but referring only to what is given
above on the authority of the former,] S> [ refer -

245

ring to the same and to what follows except the
addition in the TA,] and TA:) or, (8, M,) accord,
to AO, (§,) »'• ?• W* P" e ' viciou$ > ™ moral '
unrighteous, &c.]: (§,M,S0 fem - W*« ( M »

SO and pi. ji: (SO or U "B"' 688 one who
pursues his course at random, not caring for
what lie meets. (Ham p. 383.)

Jj One whose aiding thee to accomplish thy
desire wearies thee. (A'Obeyd, T, TL TA. [In
the CS, for .iJUyii i^#^ Oj ^*fi l>*»
we find m£ U ^ &$k \S K "*>*? v>*'^

Jl. UoL A constant, firm, or steady, adver-
sary in a contention, dispute, or litigation. (II,
SO

1. ^', aor. '- , (ISh, TA,) inf. n. £X, . (S, S»
TA,) He (a man) had a clear, a conspicuous, or
a white, space between the eyes, not having the
eyebrows joined; (ISh,TA;) he had a clear
space between the eyebrows; (S, S» TA ke h(ui
a wide space, or a space clear of hair, between
the eyebrows. (TA.) — [Hence, He (a man)
was, or became, bright in countenance : or fair,
beautiful, and wide in countenance: or + open
and pleasant, or cheerful, in countenance: or
t liberal with acts of beneficence : or J generous,
beneficent, and open and pleasant, or cheerful, in
countenance: see the part. n. —J?, below.] —
And [hence,] aor. as above, (SO and so the
inf. n., (TA,) J He (a man, TA) was, or became,
joyful, glad, or happy. (S,TA.) You say, ^W
;Al)W J He rejoiced at the thing; or was rejoiced
by it'; as also ^J2. (As, TA.) And ^ ^
££ jjJjl J The bosom became dUated with joy
thereat. (A.) And ^ U ^ ^W J[/« (the
bosom) oecame ditated with joy q/tar t< Aad 6«m
C o»rra C ^d with grief]. (TA.) — [And hence,]
aor. and inf. n. as above ; (Msb ;) and ^t, (8,
A, Msb, SO aor. « , inf. n. 1^ ; (8, Msb ;) and
t-JiJI, (§, SO or t r JL: ' 1 » t"* in ""P' 68 of the A
and Msb;) and t^ ; (8, A, SO ««» d f ^' J

(Msb, SO t 7 ' C* 6 dawn ' or dft y break ') thone '
was bright, or shone brightly. (8, A, Msb, SO

And J, l£i\ ♦c%V 1 3f«« "" * Ao,w ' "^ *"?*'»
or shone brightly. (TA.) And ij^»» * g»fl
tTVi* t/tt»M7 *Aone, »wm bright, or shone brightly.

(TA.) And hence, (MsbO J^Jl ^, and ^';

(Msb ,) or t^t ; (A, TA ;) t The truth became
apparent, (A,M ? b,TA0 manifest, evident, or
clear. (A, MsbO And *£)W, «f.n. ^W^t,
(S, and so the inf.n. is written in a copy rf the
S : in another copy of the S »» *• wrUtcn ^^1
[inf. n. of *£-W]» and the verb is written ^M in
a copy of the S : accord, to the CS, the inf. n. is
* ^Xjt [of which the verb is *£JjW] «" d of
anything, (?, TA,) "ignifies 1 /< "W», or oecanw,
a^jwr«nt, «ian(/«rt, evident, or ctoar. (8, S»

240

TA.) — ^Ii, aor. : , (£,) inf. n. ££, (TA,) He
opened; syn. Lsi. (£.)

4 : boo 1, in thrco places. = *»JL>I file made
it apparent, manifett, evident, or clear. (£•)—•
And \He made him joyful, glad, or hairpy ; svn.
tatji : (£ accord, to the TA [and so in a MS.
copy of the £ in my hands] :) or t he removed

it, or cleared it away ; gyn. **-ji. (So accord, to
the C£.)

6. ~X3 \He laughed, and was cheerful, brisk,

lively, or sjirigktly. (S.) See also 1.

7 : see 1.

8 : sec 1.

9 : sec 1.

11 : see 1, in two places.

12: seel.

«-V '■ »ce *J^t t in four places.

* .. * ' r '

£ Xt : see i^X>.

~Xt J J<»a/W, 0^. or happy. (TA.) [S o also

mXi, with two dammehs, Men clear of hair in
the [partt of the face called the"* oC-J. (IAar,

i»~L : sec what next follows.

iLx> Clearness of tlie space between the eye-
brows: (S, A, Jf.:) or width of the space between
the eyebrow* ; or [of] the space between the eye-
brows when clear of hair; as also *«J^ [which is
the inf. n. of Lit]. (TA.) One says, ,>Li.| U

* " ^ * i How beautiful is the clearness of the space
between his eyebrows! (A.)_Thc part behind
the ^jlt [or side of the cheeh or face], to the
ear, when there is no hair upon it. (TA.)__
Also, and t M, f The %Af (S, L, £) of tlie
dawn, or daybreak, (S, L,) in tlie last part of the
night, (S, TA,) at the breaking of the dawn.
(TA.) You sny, «^a)t i^lj ^\j f I saw the

WpAf o/ the dawn. (8.) And iaJUl JU* aiJJ
t [/ met, or found, him, or t't, at the break of

the dawn]. (A.) And J*Jui« i-JjJI cJ'^

j • • « a . *»

CJ-bj ^^fc. + [J journeyed during the whole

night, or from the beginning of the night, or during
the latter part of the night, and the breaking of the
dawn, until I arrived]. (A.) And it is said in
a trad., i+X, ^JjUl 4$ iThe night of jjJUl is
bright [like the dawn]. (TA.)

~-X/ : sec -~l/1, in two places.

g*tk, with kesr to the v and to the first J,
and with fet-h to the second J; (Msb;) or
*-Vv ; (so written in some copies of the ]£, in
other copies of which it is omitted ;) [Myrobalana
Bellerica: (Golius and Frcytag:) Terminaria
Chebula: Sprengcl. hist, rei herb. p. 202: (Frey-
tag:)] a certain well-known Indian medicine;
(Msb;) very beneficial to the stomach and to the
itUestinum rectum. (£.) [For other properties

&c. assigned to it, sec Ibn-Scena (Aviccnna),
book ii. p. 144. Sec also *JLut , in art. *-U.]

~J*>\ A man having a clear, a conspicuous, or
a white, space between the eyes, not having the
eyebrows joined : (ISh,TA:) or having such a
space between the eyebrows, (£,* T A,) not having
the eyebrows joined: (S,TA:) or having a wide
space, or a space clear of hair, between the eye-
brows: fem. A^'. (TA.) — [Hence,] Bright of
countenance; the Prophet being said by Umm-
Maabad to have been a».y I Lx)\ ; by which she
did not mean the -JLy of the eyebrows, for
she described him as having joined eyebrows:
(A'Obcyd,S,TA:) or fair, beautiful, and wide
in countenance, whether long or short : or [alone,
or] followed by **X, fopen and pleasant, or
cheerful, in countenance; (TA;) and so t the
latter alone: (£:) or ♦ the latter, J open and
pleasant, or cheerful, in countenance, with bene-
ficence : (TA :) or the former, and t the latter,
and ~*-«lv> t liberal with acts of beneficence :
(TA:) or the first, J generous, beneficent, and
open and pleasant, or cheerful, in countenance ;

although having joined eyebrows. (A, TA.)

Also f Shining, bright, or shining brightly ; ap-
plied to tlie dawn, or daybreak; (S,A, Msb;)
and so ^a-A 1 , applied to a tiling [of any kind] :
(TA :) and the former, anything + apparent,
manifest, evident, or clear; (KL;) thus applied to
a face, and to the dawn, (TA,) and to the truth,
(Msb, TA,) and to an affair or event, or a case,
&c. (TA.) It is an act. part. n. of Lx). (Msb.)
You say, ^SLi JJ»Ulj Lx]\ jLi\ \ The truth is
apparent, manifest, evident, or clear; [and falsity
is a cause of embarrassment, or hesitation, to the
speaker;] (S, A ;•) i. e., the latter is agitated to
and fro, without having utterance : (S in art. .J :)
or the truth is lucid and direct ; and falsity is
confused and indirect. (TA in that art.) And

7' f' ? a '

4UJv ■ " »» t A. manifest, an evident, or a clear,

proof or argument. (Msb.)

f£JH K-y-t*) w ' tn damm, [meaning Sugar-candy,
and loaf-sugar, thus applied in the present day,]
is an arabicized term [from the Persian »1>M] :
(K» TA :) in one copy of the K, it is said that
£>irf', with damm, is [syn. with] 'jLj\ [sugar] :
by the people [who are makers] of CLi\ and
t-ielaill, [see these words, tlie latter of which is a
coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is with 5, pi.
Jttlii,] it is called l^JUI. (TA.)

4. «Jyl It (a palm-tree) bore, or had, dates in
the state in which they are termed ~ij. (S, A, K.)

»J^ Dates, or the fruit of the palm-tree, while
continuing green (Msb,TA) and small; (TA;)
a term like jtj^ott. applied to grapes ; (Msb, T A ;)
called by the people of El-Basrah J&L : when
they have begun to colour, i. e., to become red or

[Book I.

yellow, they arc termed j-^ : (Msb :) or dates in
the state between tliat in which they are called
Jfti. and that in which tliey are called j~i ; (S,
Mgh, £;) for dates in their incipient state are
termed £& ; then, J">U. ; then, -JLy ; then, j-* ;
then, ^J»,; and then, ^,3: (S, IAtli :) or i. q.
w>W-» ! (As, and S and K in art. ^^a :) [by
many of the Arabs in the present day, it is applied
to fresh ripe ilatcs, and to dried dates: it is a
coll. gen. n. :] n. un. with ». (S, Msb.)

1. jX/, aor.-,, [inf. n. y^L/,] /7e (a man) re-
mained, stayed, abode, or dwelt, in the jX) [i. c.
country, or town, tec.] : (Msb :) or oUC^W jx),
(T, S, M, L, $,) aor. '- , (M, L,) inf. n. \£, (T,
M, L, K,) he remained, stayed, abode, or dwelt,
in the place, (AZ, T, S, L, K,) and kept to it:
(K:) or he took it as kis jX) [or country, or

town, &<-.], (M, L,K,) and kept to it. (M, L.)

And lj Sxi, aor. - ; (M, K ;) and t^JJL^, aor. -' ;
(r>;) or the latter is correctly *I^jJ^; (M,*
TA ;) They kept to the ground, fighting upon it:
(M, K :) said to bo derived from ^oj^l j^.
(TA.)s=SXf, aor. -, His skin had j*&l, or
marks, [pi. of oL,] remaining upon it. (M,L.)
— Also, (M, *:,) inf. n. Jj^, (S, M,) He (a man,
M) had a space clear from hair between his eye-
brows: (S, M, K:) or had eyebrows not joined.
(M.)mmjSi, aor. ^ , (S, fa, Msb, $,) inf. n. t&,
(T, S, M, A, Msb,) He was, or became, stupid,
dull, wanting in intelligence: (S, A, Msb:) inert;
wanting in vigour ; not penetrating, sharp, vigo-
rous, or effective, in the performance of affairs;
(T, M, £,• TA ;) [or soft, weak, feeble, wanting
in endurance, or patience; (sec jub;)] as also

&, aor. - , (K, TA,) inf. n. jij. (TA.) Also,

inf. n. ns above, said of a horse, meaning He
lagged behind those that outstripped in running.
(T, TA.) [Sec also 2.] __ ^U-J| jJL,' : 8CC 2.

2. jX>, inf. n. .aJ-3, He remained, stayed, or
abode; [like aJy ;] or cast, or laid, himself down
upon the ground; syn. ^J^l 4.1;., ^j-i : (S,
1^:) or he did so by reason of fatigue. (TA.

[See 5.]) Sec also IjJjJ He became languid,

and affected laziness, after being brisk, lively,
or sprightly. (A.) — He (a man) was impotent
in work, and was weak ; (T, L ;) and so even in
bounty, or liberality, (T,) or in running. (T,»
L — -H* (a horse) failed to outstrip in run-
ning. (M, K.) [See also JJI,'.] He was nig-
gardly, or avaricious; was not liberal, nor gene-
rous. (M,K.) [And hence,] i^UJjt oj&, (K,)
or ^U-JI t Sii, (M,) [but the latter is probably
imperfectly transcribed,] The cloud, or clouds,
gave no rain. (M, K.) — He did not apply
himself rightly to anything. (U,K..)ss^>jX}
JW^J' I The mountains appeared low to the eye
by reason of the darkness of the night : so in the
L, confirmed by a citation from a poet: in the
A, >^j)t TOjlsJ \The countries, or regions,

Book I.]

appeared short [in extent] to the eye by reason

of the darkness of the night. (TA.)

3. i jiU* [inf. n. of jJU The contending with
another, or others, in fight, (t. y. itJU«, T, S, M,
$,) rot'M swords and staves. (T, M, K.)

4. jd^t 2T« r//jve /o <Ae ground, (S, K,) tn

submissivene.it. (TA.) [Perhaps formed by trans-
it "** * * J
position from jJI : see jJ-^.J — See also 5

His beast became dull; not to be rendered brisk,
lively, or sprightly, by being put in motion. (AZ,
S, # K.) = UUU »jj^| He made him to keep to
a place. (K.) =*m jlf\, inf. n. >^M , It (a water-
ing-trough or tank) was, or became, abandoned,
and no longer used, so that it threatened to fall
to ruin. (T.) = [And] j*jJI »jJUI Time caused
it (a watering-trough or tank) to become aban-
doned, and morn, and no longer used, so that it
threatened to fall to ruin. (TA.) [See JjJL».]

S. jJ-j He obtained, or exercised, dominion
over a jXf [i. c. country, or town, &c.,] belonging
to others. (K.) — 2fe alighted, or sojourned, in
a jX/ [or country, &c.,] wherein was no one,
(L, !£,) saying within himself, O my grief, or
sorrow, or regret! (L.)_7/e w<w, or became,
confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his
right course; (M, £j) A« nwrt backwards and
forwards in confusion or perplexity, unable to
see his right course: (T,*S:) because he who
is in this state is like one in a 5 jJL>, meaning a
desert in which lie cannot find his way : (T, L :)
he was overtaken by confusion, or perplexity,
such that he was unable to see his right course ;
as also t jjji. (TA.) — He fell to tlie ground,
(K,) by reason of weakness. (TA.) [See also 2.]
__7/c became submissive, and humble; (T,TA;)

contr. of ji^J. (T, M, $.) He affected

•J^V [•• c. stupidity, dulness, want of intelli-
gence, &c.]. (S ) — t He turned his hands over,
or upside-down : (K. :) [thus one does in sorrow,
or regret, or in perplexity : see Kur xviii. 40 :]
or the meaning is that which here next follows :
(TA:) \he clapped his hands; or smote palm
upon palm ; syn. Jiua (M, £) Jublf (TA.)
[See Jjiy.] — [And hence, app.,] J He felt, or
expressed, grief, sorrow, or regret. (M, A, L,
K.)= i*^JI Cjlli : see 2. = Accord, to AAF,
jJLj also signifies It (the dawn, or daybreak,)
shone, was bright, or shone brightly ; i. q. +&&.
(M.) C

jXf (which is masc. and fern., Msb) and * JjJy
both signify the same ; (M, A, Msb, K ;) namely,
[A country, land, region, province, district, or
territory : and a city, town, or village : or] any
portion of the earth, or of land, comprehended
within certain limits, [thus I render 5j.». ,:, ,«,
and in like manner it is rendered in the TK,]
cultivated, or inhabited, or uncultivated, or un-
inhabited : (M, Msb,* £ :) or the former signi-
fies any place of this description ; and the latter,
a portion thereof: (T :) or the former is a generic
name of a place [or country or region or province]
such as Elr'Ir&h and Syria ; and the latter sig-
nifies a particular portion thereof such as [the
city or town of] El-Basrah and Damascus;

(M, K ;) or these are post-classical applications :
(TA :) or the former, a tract of land, or district,
which is an abode, or a place of resort, of animals,
or genii, even if containing no building: (Nh :)
or a land, or country, absolutely: and also a
town, or village, syn. Zjj5 : but this latter is a
conventional adventitious application : ('Inayeh,
TA:) and the latter, a land, country, or territory,
[belonging to, or inhabited by, a people,] syn.
t/ejl : (S, TA : [a meaning assigned in the K to
jJL/ ; but this appears to be a mistake occasioned
by the accidental omission of the word » jJut :])
you say, Ljj^L »Jm [This is our land, &c] like

as you say, UJ>w »J*: (S,TA:) the pi. (of
the former, S, Msb) is i>t jJ^ (S, M, Msb) and (of
the same, 8, or of the latter, Msb) >^ : (T, S, M,
Msb :) [which latter, regarded as pi. of SjJ^ in a
more limited sense than JJ^>, is often used as
meaning provinces collectively ; i. e. a country :]
!j\ jJv is syn. with /^=> [which signifies districts,
or tracts of country ; quarters, or regions; and
also, cities, towns, or villages]. (T.) jJUl and
▼ Sjjyi are names applied to Mekkeh ; (M, I£ ;)
in like manner ""J*-, ' M is a name applied to the
Pleiades. (M.) [So too A-.^l JjLJt and jjgi
>»|>aJI kc] c« g < jJ-> means A tract of land
without herbage, or pasture: (Msb:) and jJu
alone, a [desert, a waterless desert, or «<c/i as is
termed] SjUU. (TA voce ; under which see an
ex.)_jJu also signifies iktnc/ which has not
been dug, and upon which fire has not been
kindled. (M, K.)^.<t [house, or dwelling, such
as is termed] jb : (M, ]£ :) of the dial, of El-

j St t

Yemen. (M.) Sb mentions the saying, jtjJt »J*
jJJI C««ju [77m* house, excellent, or most exeeJ-
lent, is the dwelling!]; in which jJUl is made
fern, because it is syn. with } \ jOI. (M.) __ vl
burial-ground : (M, JKL :) or, as some say, (M,
but in the K " and,") a grave, or sepulchre : (M,
K :) pi. as above. (M.) _ Dust, or earth ; and

so t » jie. (T, M, K.) __ The place in which an
ostrich lays its egg, in sand. (S, M, L, K.) And
hence, jJJI ii»^ 7%« ^r<7 o/ <Ac ostrich, which it
abandons in the place where it lays it, in the
sand, or in a desert: (M,L:) also called *ijjJui

and jJUl ol£. (M.) You say, jJUl 2jL> &&
[I Such a one is like the egg of the ostrich, &c],
meaning suck a one is unequalled, or unparalleled :
said in dispraise and in praise: (M,* L :) allowed
by A'Obeyd to be used in praise : and said by
El-Bekree to be applied to him who is separated
from his family and near relations. (TA.) [See

also art tArf-] You also say, i^t ^» Jil yi
jJJt (S, M, A) t He is more abject, or vile, than
the egg of the ostrich, which it abandons (S,TA)
t» the desert, and to which it does not return.
(TA.) [See again art. ^Arf.] Also ±y» ji\ yL
jJJt i^o % [He is more highly esteemed than the
egg of the ostrich, which it lays in the sand];
because the ostrich spreads its wings over it and
sits upon it. (A in art. f-jh.) [See more in art.
tArfO — -A- trace, mark, or vestige, (T, S, M, K,
[in the K mentioned in two places, but in the

247

latter of these omitted in the CK,]) of a house,
or dwelling: (TA:) and a mark remaining upon
the body: (A'Obeyd, T:) pl.&£ (S, A'Obeyd,
M, K.) — The origin, or an element, (j*eu«,)
of a thing. (Th, M, K.) __ See also the next
paragraph, in three places : _ and see »jJ^.

SjJy: see jJL>, in three places. You say,^J ^1

<^tO \j* l&l is+ '"^ J**5 : If thou do not
thus, it will be [a cause of] separation between
me and thee; (M,* A, TA ;) i. e., I will alienate
thee from me so that a country, or region, shall
separate us, each from the other. (A,TA.)_
Also A desert, or waterless desert, in which one
cannot find his way : and any extensive tract of
land. (T,L.) [Hence,] c*^l SJj^ i^U I
found him, or met him, in a desert, or desolate,
place, in which there mas no one beside. (M.)
[See also art «"•«*>.] — And [hence, app.,]
SjJLJI One of the Mansions of the Moon, (M,
£,) [namely, the Twenty-first Mansion,] a patch
of the shy, (]£,) containing no stars, (M, !£,) or
containing only small stars, (T,* M,) between the
^aSUJ and wl JJI jjui : (M, K :) sometimes the
moon declines from it, and takes as its mansion
the tifti : it [app. syjtfll, accord, to the K, but
accord, to the TA SjJUl,] consists of six stars
resembling a bow, (K,) in the sign of Sagittarius
(irtyUI): (T :) or SjJJI is one of the Mansions
of the Moon, consisting of six stars of Sagittarius
(^yUl), which the sun enters on the shortest day
of the year : (S :) [see ^^ill Jjlu, in art. Jji :

in the K it is also said that * jJUl is a Mansion
of the Moon ; but this appears to be a mistake,
occasioned by the accidental omission of the word
SjJUl ; though jJUl would seem to be an appro-
priate name for the mansion next after the^W:]
IF says that SjJUl is a star, or an asterism,
(^»^j,) said to be the SjX/, i. e. breast, of the
Lion; not meaning the mansion thus called in
the sign of Sagittarius : El-IIareercc finds fault
with him for using this expression, [the ijXf of
the Lion,] but Ibn-Dhafr replies that it occurs
in the language. (TA.) __ Sjiy also signifies

The earth, or ground. (S.) Also (8, M,L,

TA, [in the K * jJ^, by the accidental omission
of the word SjJUl,]) The pit between the two
collar-bones, with the part around it : or the
middle thereof, i. e., of that pit: (M,^0 or the
third of the dda (which are six in number) of
that part of a horse's breast which is called the
JAJ : or tne P art colled jjji\ ^^y : (M :) or [so
accord, to the M, but accord, to the £ " and,"]
the breast, syn. jju», (S, M, A, K,) of a camel,
(M, A,) or of that which has a foot like the
camel's, and of a solid-hoofed animal, (M,) and
of a man: (A:) ami the part immediately beneath
the two prominent portions of flesh of the breast of
a horse, extending to the arms. (M, L.) Dhu-r-
Rumrach says,

* SjX( jy »jJL/ wJUU 0*~JI «

* *

She (the camel) was made to lie down, and threw
her breast upon [a tract of] ground. (S, M.)
And you say, 5jllll i-,1^ ,j$ Such a one is
wide in the breast. (S.) — Also { The palm of the

248

hand. (M, A, TA. [In the £, by the accidental
omission of the word » JJUt, this meaning is as-
signed to *jJ^.]) You say, «ujaj v _ J ie s3j±t ^>^i
I He smote the palm of hit hand upon his breast.
(A.) a See also ijl/, in two places : = and see

5JIJ (S,M,L,£) and *8jli (S, M, L) and
♦jJli [which is an inf. n. of j&i] (S, K) Clearness,
from hair, of the space between the eyebrows :
(S, L, K :) t. q. ImSt : or more than ia~L> : or
the having the eyebrows not joined : (M :) or
♦ the second signifies the space between the eye-
brows. (M.) _ And the first, The form, aspect,
appearance, or lineaments, of the face. (IC.) =

*' mm

See also S>yj.
•b jJUl : see jJL/.

J^ (S, M,$) and *JJ# (M, £) S<«^W, rf««,
wanting in intelligence; (S, Msb;) t'nwt; MMf-
in<7 in tiu/our ; not penetrating, sharp, vigorous,
or effective, in the performing of affairs : (T,
M,$:*) [toft, weak, feeble; wanting in endurance,
or patience :] confr. of j^Xt*.. (K.) — Also the
former, A horse tAa< lags behind those that out-
strip in running: (T, TA:) and a camel (TA)
not to be rendered brisk, lively, or sprightly, by
being put in motion. (M, K, TA.) _ See also

\l*^f [an inf. n. (of jli) used as a subst] (S,
M, A) and * SjIJ and t 5 jjj (M, TA) Stupidity,
dulness, want of intelligence, (8, A,) or of pene-
tration, sharpness, vigour, or effectiveness, in the
performing of affairs. (M, TA.)

jjlf Remaining, staying, abiding, or dwelling,
(8, Msb,) in a ji* [i- e. country, or town, &c],
(Msb,) or in a place. (§.) — Jdlrf i^ Lasting ;
that does not cease, or fail, or p«« away: the
former word signifies old ; and the latter is [said
to be] an imitative sequent. (TA.)

jX/\ A man having a space clear from hair
between his eyebrows : or having eyebrows not
joined: i.q. 1±(\. (S, M.) sm [ More, and most,
stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence, or in pene-
tration, sharpness, vigour, or effectiveness, in the
performing of affairs: see jJ^.] You say, jXf\
jyi ^ym [More st upid, &.C., than a bull]. (A.)_-
See also j*J^. — A man (8) of large, (8, £,) big,
gross, rude, or coarse, (M,) malte. (S, M, K.)

Jj£, ($,) or JL&, (T,) Old; applied to a
watering-trough or tank. (T, ]£.) So in the words
of a poet, describing a watering-trough or tank,

formed by transposition from JuJU, which [pro-
j>erly] means cleaving to the ground : (I Aar, T,
TA :) or it is jJlli, (TA,) or jJlli, (T,) which
means abandoned, and worn, and no longer used,
so that it threatens to fall to ruin. (T, TA.)

a^JU* Confounded, or perplexed, and unable to
see his right course : [a pass. part, n., but] it has
no verb answering to it: (M,TA:) or idiotic;

jJb-U,

deficient, or wanting, in intellect; or bereft
thereof: (Esh-Sheybance, M, K:) or unable to
proceed in, or prosecute, hi* journey, his means
having failed him, or kix camel that bore him
stopping with him from fatigue or breaking
down or perishing, or an event befalling him so
that he cannot move : (As, M :) all of these
significations refer to confusion or perplexity :
(M, L :) or one whose modesty, or shame, or
whose intellect, has quitted him ; as also ♦ j^.
(TA.)

>V$T ^m}» The mud of Egypt; (El;) what
the Nile leaves behind it after retiring from the
surface of the ground : (TA :) a foreign word
[arabicized, perhaps from the Greek ttijAoj, as
suggested by De Sacy ; who also remarks that it
might be derived from the Greek SXvt with the
Egyptian masc. art. ft, were it not that JAit is
fem. : (see his "Abd-allatif," p. 8 :) if we might
suppose jeM to be an old mistranscription for
jtXt\, we might with good reason derive it from
iJVi*, which, as pronounced by the modern Greeks,
very nearly resembles jAj] in sound] : (K :) [some
of] the vulgar pronounce it with ^. (TA.) —
[Also applied to Clay ; plastic clay ; or potters'
earth."]

cr-W

4. yJL/t, (inf. n. ^^1 , S, &c.,) He desjmired,
(Aboo-Bekr, S, M, Msb, £,) or gave up hope,

(Aboo-Bekr,TA,) JiJ\ <U».j ,>• °f the meTa J °f

Ood. (Aboo-Bekr, S, TA.) He became broken

[in spirit], and mournful. (S, TA.)— .He was,
or became, silent, (S, M, A, Msb,) returning no
reply, or answer, (TA,) by reason of grief, (S,)
or of despair. (A.).— He was, or became, con-
founded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right
course. (Ibn-'Arafch, K.) — He was, or became,
cut short, or stopped, (K,TA,) <c«. ^ [in his
argument, or plea]. (TA.) — He became unable
to prosecute his journey : or was prevented from
attaining his wish : syn. ay *J»5. (Th, M, TA.)
— He repented; or grieved for what he had
done. (M.)=»2Ze caused a person to despair.
(Har p. 138.)

<jSt Despairing, (^J**,) and silent respecting
what is in his mind, (K, TA,) by reason of grief
orfear. (TA.)

J/&, (S, Msb, K,) like J&l, (Msb,) and
4>U~1, (K,) [in a copy of the M written ^"%i,]
A [garment, or piece of stuff, of the kind called]
-_L. [i. e. of hair-cloth] : (S, M, Msb, K :) used
in this sense by the people of El-Mcdecnch : (S:)
a Persian word; (AO,S, Msb;) originally ^"^1,
without J1: (TA:) arabicized: (S, Msb:) also
called by the Arabs u-"ii, will the w> termed
£ti: (TA:) pi. JJ£. (M,Msb,K.) [The pi.]
JJl^ is also applied to Large sacks of~.y~* [l. c.
hair-cloths], in which figs are put, [or, more pro-
bably, in which straw is put, for <jmh\, which I
find in two copies of the S and in the TA, can
hardly be doubted to be a mistranscription of

[Book I.

^jIEjl], and upon which is paraded he who is
made a public example that others may take
warning from him, and the subject of a proclama-
tion [acquainting the spectators with his offence] :
whence the imprecation, ^~l«ll ^* &\ ivb'
[May God show me tliee upon the large hair-
cloth-sacks]. (S,TA.)

,jLJ^ [The balsam-tree; or the species that
produces the balsam of Mekkeh ; i. e., the amyris
opobalsamum ;] a certain kind of tree, (M,) or
shrub, resembling tlie ,U»., (K,) having many
leaves, inclining to white, in odour resembling the
w>1Jl1 [or rue], (TA,) tke berry of which has an
unguent, (Lth, M, TA,) which is hot, (Lth, TA,)
and its unguent is in great request: (Lth, K,
TA :) its unguent [opobalsamum] is more potent
than its berry [carjwbalsamum], and its berry is
more so than its wood [xylohalsamum] : the best
of its wood is tke smooth, tawny-coloured, pun-
gent and sweet in odour : it is hot and dry in the
second degree ; and its berry is a little hotter than
it : its wood opens stoppages of tke nose, and is
good for the sciatica and vertigo and headache,
and clears cloudiness of the eye, and is good for
asthma and oppression of tke breath, and for
flaccidity of the womb, used by fumigation ; it is
also beneficial in cases of barrenness, and coun-
teracts poisons and the bite of vipers : (the Minhaj,
TA:) it is said in the K and in the Minhaj, and
by most of the physicians and those who treat of
drugs, that it grows only at 'Eyn-Shems, in the
neighbourhood of El-K:ihirch, the place called El-
Mntnrceych ; but MF observes that this is strange,
as it is well known that it is mostly found in the
district of El-Hiji'iz, between the Haranieyn and
El-Yembo', whence it is conveyed to all countries:
the truth, however, is, that it ceased to grow at
'Eyn-Shems in the latter part of the eighth cen-
tury [of the Flight], and it was endeavoured
[successfully] to be made to grow in El-Hijiz.
(TA.) [See also De Sacy's "Abd-allatif," p. 8U.]

^J%i One who sells what is termed ^^. (K.)

J~X/\ [A name of Satan] ; from ^JL^I, (S, M,
Msb, K,) in the first of the senses assigned to it
above,' (S, M, Msb,) accord, to some ; (M, Msb,
K ;) his former name being J<j!>» : (?, TA :) or
it is a foreign word, (Aboo-Is-hsik, M, Msb,K,)
and for this reason, (Aboo-Is-hak, M, Msb, TA,)
and its being also determinate, (Aboo-Is-hak, M,
TA,) or n proper mime, (Msb,) it is imperfectly
dccl. ; (Aboo-Is-hak, M, &c. ;) for if it were an
Arabic word, it would be perfect!} dccl., like
JeA^-l and IhA-[- (Msb.)

^jLJb : see art. ^-Ay.

1. JaXi, (IDrd, K,) [aor., accord, to a rule
observed in the £, '- ,] inf. n. 11/, (IDrd,TA,)
He spread, or paved, (K, TA,) a house, (K,)
and the ground, (TA,) with i»^ [or flag-stones],
(K,TA,) or with baked bricks; (TA;) as also
til,, (K,) inf. n. i*JL3; (TA;) and *4J,I:

Book I.]

(El :) or, as also ♦ the second, he made [or con-
ttructed] a wall with h% : (IDrd, TA :) or *the
second, he made a house plain, or even. (TA.)
tssHe struck him, or it, with the JoJO, [<!• v.].
(TA.)

2: see 1, in three places. = The vulgar phrase
i^A-JI laXj signifies Make thou fart the thip ; as
though it were an order to make it cleave to the
ground. (TA.) [You say, j£\ ^ 3^Jui\ i£,
meaning He ran the ship aground upon the sand.]

3. {Hi ^~> >>y«JI AJO, !TAe people, or company
of men, alighted with the sons of such a one, each
party to oppose the other, upon the ground :
(El,* TA :) from £•& signifying the " earth," or
" ground ;" or " even, smooth ground." (TA.)
J.yi\ iJV, (El,) inf. n. i&U, (S,) The people, or
company of men, contended, one with another, in
fight with swords, (S,* El, TA,) upon their feet;
(TA;) as also ttjlJU: (S,K:) iiJU is only
upon the ground ; (Z, TA ;) and you do not
say I^UUj when the people are riders. (TA.)
— jjJaJl^ He fled from me, (AHn, El,) and
went away in <Ae /ana* : ( AHn, TA :) or he left
me; quilted me. (TA.)

4. JaJLyt //« clave to tlie [J»^, i. e.] earth, or
ground; (El;) said of a man: (TA:) he became
bankrupt, or insolvent, or reduced to a state of
difficulty or poverty, or without any property,
and clave to the ±>%>

(AHcyth:) he became
poor, and his property went away ; as also .Lbl :
(S, K :) so says Ks ; and AZ says the like : (S :)
or he became poor ; or had little property. (TA.)
em>yUI ^aJD) JaJL/t The robber left the people, or
company of men, upon the surface of the ground,
and left them not anything: (Lb, TA:) or simply,

left them not anything. (K.) Jbf)\ ^k<JI iaJL,.!

The rain fell upon the J»^i for surface] of the
earth, (El, TA,) so that no dust was seen upon it.
(TA.) See also 1.

6 : see 3.

Lli and t jJtrf' [An axe;] i. q. iji-«; (El,
TA ;) i. e. the iron instrument with which the
Jvtp*. 6a»A» and planes (fa^) [a branch of a
tree] : an Arabic word : the vulgar call it * iLL'

[now mostly applied to a battle-axe; in Turkish
• -• #

aiJlrO- (TA.) AHn says, An Arab of the desert
quoted to me,

[And the axe pares off the knobs, or knots, of the
tree cal led farfdr]: Sj*m. [the sing, of J*»-] signi-
fying a knob (<UjL) in a tree ; or a knot ; which
is cut off, and whereof vessels are shaped out, so
that they are variegated and beautiful. (TA.)

a.}-*

^jki^ [The labrus Nilotictts;] a kind offish
that is found in the Nile, said to eat of the leaves
of Paradise: it is the best offish : and they liken
to it him who is rising out of childhood, in a
state of youthfulness and tenderness or delicate-
ness. (TA.)
Bk. I.

it>% The earth, or ground: (TA:) or. even,
smooth ground. (K, TA.) — The face, or surface,
of the earth, or ground : (El :) or the part where
whdt is hard, thereof, i. e. of the earth or ground,
ends : (AHn, El :) or the Aard part of the ex-
terior thereof. (A, TA.) _ [Flagstones, or flat
stones for pavement ; and baked bricks for pave-
ment ; (a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is with
»;)] stones, (8, Msb,K,) and any other things,
(Msb,) which are spread in a house (S, K) fyc,
(S,) or with which a house is spread or paved.
(Mf b.) _ Any ground, or floor, paved with such
stones, or with baked bricks ; (El;) [a pavement.]
— You say with respect to a niggardly and mean

man, J»£ll ^ IJjl £L£ 1i U [What mill the
wind take from the pavement?]. (TA.)__And
•»>* J*y iA man poor, or in want. (TA.) «_
And O^. til V&l 3J1L 1^1 j Verily she is
goodly, or beautiful, in skin when she is stripped.
(TA.)

*>I* [The acorn;] a certain thing well known;
(9 ;) the fruit, or produce, of a kind of tree,
[namely, Me oak,] which is eaten, (Mgh, Msb,)
sometimes, (Msb,) and with the bark of which
one tans, (Mgh, Msb,) sometimes: (Msb:) or
[the oak ; or this kind of tree is properly called

*>**" ji~* >] a kind of tree; the fruit, or pro-
duce, whereof they used as food, in ancient times;
cold and dry (El, TA) in the second degree, or, as
some say, in the first; or its dryness is in the third
degree; or it is hot in the first degree; (TA ;)
heavy, coarse, (EI, TA,) slow of digestion, bad for
the stomach, occasioning headache, injurious to the
bladder, but rendered good by its being roasted
and having sugar added to it; (TA;) suppressing
the urine, (E1,TA,) and rendering it difficult;
preventing exhaustion by loss of blood, and the
emission of blood [from/ a wound] ; good for
hardnesses, with the fat of a kid; preventing the
progress of [the disease in the mouth called] c"^l,
and gjji [app. a mistake for j-^, or wounds],
when it is burnt; preventing also excoriation,
and poisons, and looseness of the bowels; and
very nutritious wlten easily digested. (TA.) [See
also yjakz. _ Forsk&l, in his Flora Aegypt.,
p. lvi., mentions this name as applied to The

common ash-tree; fraxinus excelsior.] y^Xj

JU«JI, according to some, The walnut : accord.

to others, the J»jXI*l£ [a Persian word, and also
used by Arabs in the present day, applied to the

c/iestnut]: «g is said in the Minhaj. (TA.)

cffj^l lojXf [applied in the present day to The
herb germander, or chamadrys;] a certain plant,
the leaves of which resemble the .V/jUA [or endive] :
it is diuretic; aperient; and wasting to the
spleen. (K.)

-fa^"^ Level, or even, lands, or tracts of ground:
(K :) no sing, to it is known. (Seer.) [See also

[i*X~o and ialyo, as epithets applied to a man,
part. ns. of LX/) and JaJbJ, which see above.]

249

*X/, (TA, [and the same is indicated in the El,])
or *Xi when the object is food, but *J^ when it

is water or spittle ; (Msb ;) and 4mX/, aor. : ,
inf.n. Q; (Msb;) and *i«i*l; (S, Msb, El;)

and t 4*jLl ; (IAar;) and ▼1UI^, inf. n. 1+xX, >;
(S* and TA in art. j^t }) -H* swallowed it.
(IAar, TA.) It is said in a proverb, -LjUu ^
Uij ipXZfi^J { j g » U^ij [He is not suitable, or
fit, for being a companion who does not swallow
his spittle ; meaning, f who does not restrain hit
anger], (TA.) You say also, iJLui t^oj mean-
ing He ate the morsel. (TA in art. ^*Jy.) And
>UJtJI *Jy and ♦ AaJU/l also signify [He swal-
lowed the food without chewing it ;] Ae did not
chew the food. (TA.)

2. *«* 44£h ^, (5,) or «Jj J>, (S,TA,)
inf. n. %>L3, (S, K,) Hoariness began to appear
(S, El) u^on Aim, (El,) or upon his head : (S :)
or rose: (A,TA:) or spread much. (TA.) [See
also *Jl>.] Hassdn says,

[Hoariness, or grayness, or the like, had begun
to appear, &c, upon me, and marred me]; mak-
ing the verb trans, by «_> because it has the
meaning of c~*ll ji [it had given pain, and this
verb is thus made trans.] ; or substituting ^ for
Jj on account of the measure, which would not

i

be right if he said JJ. (TA.) You say also,
>r- t"J l *e* t aM Hoariness appeared upon him.
(IAar.)' '

4. J^iJI i*J^I (S, El,» TA) He made Mm to
swallow the thing : (§, TA :) or Ae enabled him
to swallow the thing. (E1, # TA.) You say, ^jiatf
k _ 5 *stj [Suffer thou me to swallow my spittle;]
give thou me time to swallow my spittle. (El,
TA.)

5: see l:assand 2.

8 : see 1, in three places.

Q. Q. 1. J^lf : see 1, in two places. [The^* in
this word is generally held to be augmentative :

* * f *

oee^.jd*]

L *&, (S, Ms b, El,) aor. -' , (Mf b, El,) inf. a

g±t, applied to a man, Voracious; a great
eater; as also ▼ iiu^ and ♦ *il* (El) and *ii^:
(IAar, El :) [♦ c^Jy signifies the same :] and *iilk,
(S and K in art. aJL*,) in which the • is said by
some to be augmentative, (TA,) and * »JLk (Lth,
El) and *£%*, (IDrd,El,) also signify the same;
(S in art. «J«a ;) or voracious, or a great eater,
who takes large mouthful*, and is wide in the
j>*~-- [app. here meaning the fauces] : (Lth,
and K in art. «JU* :) and ♦ 4*1^, applied to a
woman, one who srvallows everything. (Fr.) *6>/lJ
ji°y> [app- meaning £>^U b] is an expression of
vituperation used by the people of Syria. (TA.)
— £& ,i«J, (Lth, S, El,) determinate, (Lth, El,)
[the latter word imperfectly decl.,] One of the
Mansions of the Moon ; (8, El ;) [namely, the
Twenty-third;] which rose [aurorally], (S,E1,)

32

260

&-&

[Book I.

-•■« hi

as they assert, (S,) when God said, ^,^1 »>yt W
J;U [Kur xi. 46]; (8, K;) consisting of two
stars near together ; (S ;) or two stars, straight
(^yLLi) in course, (IKt, K,) or near together
and oblique ; (TA ;) one of them dim, and the
other bright, and caUed ▼ ill/, as though it swal-
lowed the former, (IKt, K, TA,) namely, the dim
one, and took its light: (TA:) it rises [aurorally]
in the last night but one [lit. one night remain-
ing] of jdf)\ o^^» [ Jan -» °- 8 0» and 8et f.
[aurorally] when one night has passed of ^>\
[Aug., 0. 8.]. (IKt, K.) [Accord, to my cal-
culation, it thus rose in Arabia about the com-
mencement of the era of the Flight, on the 29th
of Jan., 0. 8., and set aurorally on the 30th of
July. See j^i\ Jj£», in art. Jji : and see also
JuL.J The rhyming-proser of the Arabs says,

m * **» ' " •*■ • * - t . *4 J *%* *?• .?.

*?, £nM W> &J*&\ & *» £"• «>i

p v*f* Jt '& £>•" ^ Whm Sa * d - Dula '

rises aurorally,] the gj [or young camel brought
forth in the season called *«£># which is the
beginning of the breeding-time,] becomes strong
in his walh, and quick, but not strong to labour,
and the %** [or young camel brought forth
in the end of the breeding-time] acquires some
strength, and attains to him, and the cj*, a kind
of bird, is then, it seems, caught, or snared, [and
parts differing in colour from the rest become
apparent in the earth.] (TA.)««Also The hole,
or perforation, of the J$ [or sheave of a pulley] :
n. un. with J : (K :) or the hole, or perforation,
in the iili of the 3j£ [which here means the
pulley, or sheave with its apparatus] : (8 :) or
t injj has this latter signification ; and iL is its
pi. ; [or is a coll. gen. n. ;] so explained by Az ;
and this is the correct explanation. (Marginal
note in a copy of the S.)

jjjb A gulp, or as much as one swallows at
once, of beverage ; like <U>»-. (TA.)

ixJv, as an epithet : see *L, in two places : =
and as a subst. : see the same, last sentence.

^«Ii, applied to a man, (S,) That eats much,
and swallows food vehemently. (S, K.*) The >
is augmentative, (8,) accord, to most authorities.
(TA.)

jf&4 : see what next follows.

>yJi and ♦J^iiv > (Msb, and S and K in art.
^-ij ;) the latter a contraction of the former; the>
augmentative; (Msb;) The place of passage of the
food in the JW ; (8, Msb, K, TA ;) die gullet,
or oesophagus ; (S, Msb';) as also'jXl*: (TA:)

or this last, i.q. j3u. [which is properly the
fauces; but by a synecdoche, the throat, or gullet],
(K0 [See an ex. voce jtj->.] mm Also, the first,
A torrent, in ground such as is termed *J&, enter-
ing into the earth. ( AHn, and K in art. ^o*V0 ■■
And The whiteness that is upon the lip of the ass,
(K in art. ^»JW,) at the extremity of the mouth.
(TA in that art.)

c^L a subst. signifying A medicine which is
swallowed. (T A.) Beverage : or wine: syn.

l>\£. (1!A.)amljXijSi X A wide cooking-pot, i.*$S, as shown above], He reached, attained,

(A, K, TA,) that swallows what is thrown into it.
(A,TA.) '

pyj • see iL, in two places.

see 2frj)W-

see

Lj<t, (S,Msb,K,) of the dial, of El-Basrah,
(TA,) and tfcjfc, (§, Msb, K,) and ti^fc, (K,)
and tlj^X^, (TA,) .A hole, or perforation, in the
midst of a house; (S;) o sink-hole; a hole, or
perforation, into which water descends : (Msb :)
or a well that is dug (K, TA) in the midst of a
house, (TA,) narrow at the head, into which
run the rain-water and the like: (K, TA:) pi.
[of the first] £j£ (Sgh,K) and [of the others]

£>> (S.Sgh.K.)

«JL* : see jtyAj.

«JU» : see *J»>.

i-\ - A well (i^j) c<ued with stones, or roi*A
AaAed bricks, from the bottom to the brink
TS, K :) from Ibn-'Abb&d. (TA.)

£^

see %Xj

(O,

>*

see art.

&

1. Ijj^ [inf. n. of iif] and d^J [inf. n. of
t *J^t, but it seems that i^W is here a mistran-
scription for t^, which is, like kyL(, an inf. n.
of jdi, and this observation will be found to be
confirmed by a statement immediately following
this sentence,] signify The reaching, attaining,
arriving at, or coming to, the utmost point of
that to which, or towards which, one tends or
repairs or betakes himself, to which one directs
his course, or which one seeks, pursues, endeavours
to reach, desires, intends, or purposes; whether
it be a place, or a time, or any affair or state
or event that .is meditated or intended or deter-
mined or appointed: and sometimes, the being
at the point thereof: so says Abu-1-Kasim in the
Mufradat. (TA : [in which it is said, in the
supplement to the present art., that £%t signifies
The reaching, attaining, arriving at, or coming
to, a thing.]) You say, o^' $*> (?> $0 and
Jpl, (Msb,) [aor. '-,] inf. n. £*£ (S,$) [and

arrived at, or came to, (S, Msb, K,) the place,
(S,K,) and the place of abode: (Msb:) and (so in
the S, but in the 5 " or,") he was, or became,
at the point of reaching it, attaining it, kc. (S,
£.) o^\ o^U, in the Kur [ii. 232], means
And they have fully attained, or ended, their
term. (Msb.) But ^V» 0& l>U, in the same
[lxv. 2], means And when tliey are near to at-
taining, or eliding, Ikcir term : (S, TA :) or are
at the point of accomplishing their term. (Msb,
TA.) It has the first of the meanings explained
above in the phrase, ajji\ iij [Kur xii. 22 &c.,
He attained his manly vigour, or full maturity,

kc.]. (TA.) Andinail v >^j' , ^[^ urxlv "- 14 '
He attained the age of forty years]. (TA.) And
in .juJI *»« iXt [Kur xxxvit. 100, He attained
to working with him]. (TA.) I n the Kur [iii. 35],
occurs the phrase, jjCM ^jiib ^ [When old age
hath come to me, or overtaken me] : and in another
place [xix. 9], £ft ^ &* <^t &} l^nd I
have reached the extreme degree of old age : so
explained in the Expos, of the JclJ : phrases like
J^jJl Ji&jit and iife^l. (Er-Raghib,TA.)
You say also, iij U *UJW «i^3 **^ with *•
accus. case as a denotative of state; meaning
[That clave to him, or adhered to him, kc.,]
rising to its highest degree or point ; from £Xf

J>UJI, explained above. (Msb.) [But^'U*UJV
more frequently means Whatever point, degree,
amount, sum, quantity, number, or tlie like, it
may reach, attain, arrive at, come to, or amount
to.] And **Aj£i O*^ & and '^t* l Such
a one reached, or attained, his utmost point or
scope or degree]. (TA.) And *£)£» J*i\ J> $
[He attained, in knowledge, or science, the utmost
degrees of proficiency]. (TA.) And ^ £X#
t UJ Lj ^j»-l ii [It readied a consummate degree
in goodness]. (S, K," TA.) And S^JI o-. ^

♦UJU« [He attained a consummate degree ofgood-
liness]: said of a boy that has attained to puberty.
(O, TA.) And ^JIjI ^J £\i £t [He did his
utmost, or used his utmost power or ability, in
seeking to attain an object]. (Msb in art. Jy*-.)
And ^1 ^ V«*J 3>v4~« v,^ 1 ^ [He exerted
the utmost endeavour, or effort, or power, or
strength, of his camel, in journeying]. (S in art.
stX.) And *^l> jv*. £W »• <Z- Ujy?- [He jaded,
harassed, distressed, fatigued, or wearied, his beast]:
(K in art. jy»- :) and in like manner, tSk mJ s ±Xi
and iiijl *U iSji.q. tJ^f L an(1 ^e** t>-, »• e.
He, or ft, jaded Aim, harassed him, kc. ; dis-
tressed him, afflicted him, oppressed him, over-
powered him : thus in each of these instances, •»
in many similar cases, the verb with the iiir'. n.
that follows is equivalent to the verb of that
inf. n.]. (Msb in art. J^.) [And, elhptically,
ale iX/ i.q. iiijl *i+ &> explained above:
and often meaning It took, or had, an effect upon
him ; it affected him : frequently said of wine and
the like : and of a saying ; as in the Ksh and

Book I.]

Bd in iv. 60, where j^i+ itJ is followed by
JJy£j$$ij as an explicative : see also *eV] And
^eijgi U* oil;, (S,K,) and C**M» ""1 J=»
*ili : (K :) see ^^iJUl below. And o-* JJdj

"*\ n ja*)\ [I experienced distress from the
affair, or event]. (TA in art. lAO [S« e a,g0
an ex. voce «vl. lV^V also signifies Jt A«* come
(o my knowledge, or teen related to me, or fceen
<t»W me ; or i< came fo my knowledge, &c. : and
in this ense it is generally followed by ,jl, or by
r>\ as a contraction of />l : for cxs., sec these two
particles. And in like manner, <ut (^iiJ^ Infor-
mation has come to me, or information came to me,
from him, or concerning him, that such a thing has
happened, or had happened.] And ii/ said of a

letter or writing, inf. n. i^ and Ajltf, It reached,

arrived, or come. (Msb.) And said of a plant,
or of herbage, It attained its full growth : (TA :)
and of a tree, such as a palm-tree Sec, its fruit
became ripe: (AHn,TA:) and of fruit, it became
ripe. (Msb.) Also, said of a boy, (T, S, M, &c.,)
'- , inf. n. L^i, or, as IKoot says, £&,

nor

(Msb,) lie attained to puberty, virility, ri/)eness,
or maturity; syn. ijpl, (T, S, Msb, K,) and
LJU».I; (M,Msb;) and attained a consummate
degree of goodliness (UX-o Sjy»Jt j>« M*): (O,
TA:) as though he attained the time of the writing
of his marriage-contract, and of his having duties
or obligations imposed upon him : (TA :) and
in like manner one says of a girl, £l/, (T, TA,)

or CrAAj (TA.) aj aOI iL [God caused him

to reach, attain, arrive at, , or cowc to, his appointed

Br * i

end, or term of life; a.U.1, or the like, being un-
derstood]. (TA.) Yousay.^il^ii^ibT^,
i. c. [May God cause thee to reach, or attain,]
the extreme, or most distant, pcriotl of life ! (S
and TA in art. *)£».) And Ay £Xi U y cJUi

tf'Jiti^ L$y$ [I d*d w »''* '""* that which caused
him to come to what was annoying, or hurtful, and
evil]. (TA.) And 0*ii-)l Ay iiy: see the last word
of this phrase below. _£ly, like ^^i*, 7/e (a
man) wo*, or became, jaded, harassscd, distressed,
fatigued, or wearied. (K.) = iiy, [aor. * ,] (S,
Msb, K,) inf. n. ii&, (S, Msb,) //c no*, or
became 4*Xj, i. e. f» *» [more properly signify-
ing chaste, or perspicuous, in sjwech, but here
meaning «/o</m««i] ; (S, # Msb, £ ;) and sW;>,
or penetrating, or effective, in tongue; (Msb;)
atf'iining, by his speech, or diction, the utmost
scope of his mind and desire. (K,* TA.) The
difference between it"^ and ia-Lai is this : that
the latter is an attribute of a single word and of
speech and of the speaker ; but the former is an
attribute only of speech and the speaker : (Kull :)
ic^y in the speaker is A faculty whereby one is
enabled to compose language suitable to the exi-
gency of the case,. i. e., to the occasion of speaking
[or writing], with chasteness, or perspicuity, or
eloquence, thereof: in language, it is suitableness
to the exigency of the case, i. e., to the occasion
of speaking [or writing], with chasteness or pers-
picuity, or eloquence, thereof. (KT.)

2. i*M and * HJl [inf. ns. of £ly and £lyl]
signify The causing to reach, attain, arrive, or
come ; bringing, conveying, or delivering : (S, K,
TA:) the former is the more common. (Er-
Raghib, TA.) [You say, ,jt&l *&4 He caused
him, or it, to reach, attain, arrive at, or come to,
the place. And a^j-aio <uJb He caused him to
attain his object of aim or endeavour Ice.] And
i)Cpi oJiJLp [J brought, conveyed, or delivered,
the message], (S.) And >%JI aAJI,, (Msb,) and
^iJI, (TA,) as also * 4*1,1, (Msb,TA,) 7/e
brought, conveyed, delivered, or communicated, to
him the salutation, (Msb,) and he brought, &c, or
told, to him the news, or information. (TA.) [And

O^ c>* (j**^ -"* '"^ n,e f rom ,uc ^ a onc i or
on the part of such a one, some piece of informa-
tion, or that some event had happened, &c.] =

J*j\ii\ ^, (S, A, K,) inf. n. £&, (K.) The
horseman stretched forth, or extended, his hand,
or arm, with the rein of his horse, [or gave the
rein to his horse,] in order that he might increase

%- t Ml *

in mm running. (S, A, K.) ^ a-Ij ^ ■^■■t- t JI iX,
lloariness began to appear on his head ; accord,
to I Aar ; as also %L, with the unpointed c : the
Basrccs assert that the former is a mistranscrip-
tion ; but it is related as heard from Th, by Aboo-
Bckr Es-Soolcc. (TA.)

3. £)W, (?, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. iklC (JK,
K, &c.) and fc^, (K,) lie exceeded the usual,
or ordinary, or the just, or proper, bounds, or
degree, in a thing ; acted cgregiously, or immode-
rately, or extravagantly, therein : (KL:) he
strove, or laboured ; exerted himself, or his power
or efforts or endeavours or ability; employed
himself vigorously, strenuously, laboriously, sedu-
lously, earnestly, with energy or effectiveness;
took pains, or extraordinary paint: (K, TA:)
he did not fall short of doing what was requisite,
or what he ought ; did not flag, or was not
remiss : (S, IC, TA :) he exerted unsparingly his
power or ability, or effort or endeavour, or the
utmost thereof: (Msb :) he accomplished, or did,
or attained, the utmost of his power or ability, or
effort or endeavour ; lie did his utmost : (JK :)
jH\ ^J [in an affair] : (S,K,TA:) or \Sd» ■«*,
meaning tn the pursuit of such a thing. (Msb.)
\\j£=> .j i)b may be rendered as above, or 7/e

rfi'rf ««cA a thing much, exceedingly, egregiously,
extraordinarily, immoderately, extravagantly,
excessively, vehemently, energetically, superla-
tively, excellently, consummately, thoroughly.
Hence iiJUe in explanations of words ; meaning
Intensiveness ; muchness; extraordinariness ; ex-
ccssiveness; vehemence; energy; emphasis; hy-
perbole ; tec. ; and sometimes, frequentative sig-

nificatioti. Thus, i*)Uo ^->l means ^1 noun <;/'
# * • * -

intensiveness ; or an intensive epithet : as j>£w

• a*
" very thankful," or " very grateful ;" and >U».

" a great praiser," or " a frequent praiser."]

251

4. *J^I, inf. n. I^t : see 2, in two places.

[Hence,] »jy^ j*^t >«J-jt [Z/e brought his utmost
power or ability, or e/fbr< or endeavour, to the
performance, or accomplishment, of the affair].

•- . • -»<

(TA.) And aJI OjO,'! i. c. <u 4Jb U a, oJLai

4j^£«JI_) ^i"^)l [J ^u/ nn(A Atm <Aa< which caused
him to come to what was annoying, or hurtful,
and evil]. (TA.)nsSee also 1, first sentence;
where it is said that t*j^\ is syn. with £>v> but
this is app. a mistake. = [aaLi U, and a/ 4JL/I,
How eloquent is he!].

5. Jjji+l\ %X*3 He constrained himself to reach,
or attain, the place of abode, until, or *o f/«i<, /«'
</(>/ reach [it], or attain [it]. (K.)_aj ijLj
7/e wa* satisfied, or content, with it, (S, M§b,
K,) a«rf attained hit desire [thereby], (TA.) __
iX*)l a/ CjJuj TVte disease, or malady, distressed
him ; afflicted him ; became vehement, or severe,
in him. (S, Z, §gh, K.)

6. jJLjl J> i\ijl\ »)U 77te ^m attained its

utmost effect in the shin. (AHn.) And a-j «JUj
J . j * *

jgj\, and ^o^oJI, Anxiety, or disquietude of mind,

or jrrt'e/, attained its utmost degree in him, and so
disease, or //te disease. (TA.) [This verb seems
properly to signify It reached, or attained, by
(legrrc.<.]=:A*yJ=» ,_» ilUi 7/e affected eloquence
(ii^) t« Am speech, not being of those charac-
terized thereby : [whence] one says, %J*j yk U
AlUj c>% [//« H not eloquent, but he affects
eloquence]. (TA.)

iXf : sec what next follows, in 'three places :
as and see 411/, in two places:^ and i~L>, in
two places.

^ -^ j^^^l, and *£i, •>> ^-, (Ks,Fr,
S, K.) and t ui; ^ \^ f (Ks, ?, K,) and ^ C-

< • *

\aXi, (K,) Corf, may me hear of it (or may it
be heard of, IB) but may it not be fulfilled; (Fr,
S, K ;) or, may it not reach us, or come to us :
said on hearing of a displeasing, or hateful, or an
evil, event : (L :) or on hearing tidings not pica-
sing to one: (Ks,§,K:) or on the coming of
tidings not held to be true. (TA.) [See also art.
£— .] as ^ JU-l (S, K,) and ♦££, and * i&t,
(£,) Stujrid, or foolish, but, notwithstanding his
stupidity, or foolishness, attaining kis desire : (S,
K :) or stupid, or foolish, in the utmost degree :
fJK,TA:) fern. &j W&.. (TA.)— ^ J^
4JU (S,* JC) ^1 »»//n wAo m bad, evil, or wicked,

(Fr, K,) t'» <Ae w«mo»t degree. (Fr, TA.) Sec

also %~\j.

£Xl : see ^.

AiJu : see iJU.

ul sufficiency of tlie means of subsistence,
(T, S, Msb, K,) «<cA <Aat nothing remains over
and above it: (T, Msb :) and simply a sufficiency;
enough; (JK, Msb, TA ;) as also ♦£&, (JK, S,
Msb, K,) meaning a thing that suffices, or con-
tents, and enables one to attain what he seeks;
(TA;) and t^j. (JK, Msb, TA.) You say,
iiXi 'i* \J>; and t tr& f and * ljL3, 7n this it a
sufficiency, or enough. (Msb, TA.) And it is

32*

2<52

■aid in the Kur [xzi. 106], >yU * &Q I jjk J>^ oj
^JyU Verily in iAm m a sufficiency [for a people
serving God] : (lid, TA :) or a meant of attaining
the object sought after, or desired. (Bd.)

y>AJlj : see it"^. =■ Also vl calumniator, or
slanderer : (Kr, TA :) or on/; roAo conveys people's
discourse to others. (TA.)

£#ktf»»C9»)«,>*M» (JK,) or both, (k,)

Calamity, misfortune, or disaster: (S, K:) or
distress, or affliction. (JK.) Hence the Baying
of ' Aishch to 'Alee, (S, K,) when she was taken
prisoner [by him], (?,) { H k&\ d, .Lii,', (S, K,)
and iM*M, (K,) i. e., sl*l JJI ; meaning cJt^

T £i~« J» U* [jTAou A<m* distressed us, or afflicted
us, in the utmost degree] : (K :) it is said to mean
that the war harassed her, and distressed her in
the utmost degree. (TA.) It is like Oc**^ 1

* * - » i *

[and t^a.jJI] and t>!j>"^' ; all meaning calami-
ties, misfortunes, or disasters: (A'Obeyd, TA :)
and is as though they said *j^ V .U* [and iX>],
meaning Aj^>, and then formed the pi. thus be-
cause they considered calamities [as personified,
i. e.,] as rational beings having purpose, or design
(IAth, TA.) It is invariably thus, terminating
with j_j and ^ : or one may say in the nom. case
i^fcAJI, and in the accus. and gen. ,j,AUI. (O,
K.») You say also, O-AJUI <v iij [lit. lie caused
htm to come, i. e. he brought him, to calamity,
misfortune, or disaster, or to distress, or afflic-
tion]; meaning he went to the utmost point in
reviling him, and annoying him, or molesting him.
(lAar, TA.)

£k is a subst. from fekj and £^J, meaning
The bringing, conveyance, delivery, or communi-
cation, (S, K, &c.,) of a message [&c.]. (Jel in
iii. 19, kc.) [It often occurs in the Kur as mean-
ing The communication, or announcement, of
what is revealed.] _In a trad., in which it is

said, £&t O* U?1 oJiiJ iiilj J£>, [in the CK

• * *

k«*» »—•**>»] »* means WAaf t» communicated, or

announced, (^ U,) of the Kur-dn and of the
[statutes, or ordinances, tec., termed] ^iL : or
the meaning is, £M\&i ,>*, i. e., *«xj£jl, [o/
Mom who have the office of communicating, or
announcing,] the simple subst. being put in the
place of the inf. n. : (K, TA :) but some relate it
differently, saying *£&\ ,>. [of the communica-
tors, or announcers,] like «i>l j^» in the sense of
0>$«f»~» : ( TA: ) ai >d some say, *£***>» t>f,
meaning £e*~J> ^* C**jQl ,>•, >• e. o/" <Ao«
n>Ao do their utmost in communicating, or an-
nouncing. (Hr, K.) [See this trad, cited and
explained more fully in the first paragraph of art.
£*;.] — ^UJ fcfc \M, in the Kur [xiv. last
verse], means This Kur-dn contains a sufficient
exposition, or demonstration, for men. (TA.) _
Bee also iil,>, in three places.

£&: «»£&.

^y •. a. £«** [properly signifying CAarte t»
speech, but here meaning etoou«nr] ; (S,» Msb,

K ;) sharp, or penetrating, or effective, in tongue;
(Msb ;) one wAo attains, by his speech, or diction,
the utmost scope of his mind and desire ; (K,*
TA;) [possessing the faculty ofii^; (see AJL^;)]
as also *M/, and *>J^» and *^W, and ♦ ( «fc'&,
like ^J£*, [in the CK like <Jj&,] and t^^v,
like (^jL*.: (K:) or *»JL> signifies a man who
does not commit mistakes often in his speech:
(JK:) the pi. of ^ is &£. (TA.) Applied

to a saying, [&c.,] it also signifies Effectual, or
producing an effect. (Ksh and Bd and Jel in
iv. 6(5.) — [Also Surpassing in any quality: and
superlative.] It is also applied to a calamity or
the like [as meaning Great, severe, distressing, or
afflictive]. (IAth.)

I • << •« "

it"^ « 9* i*-Uai, [as meaning Eloquence ; (see

iJl^, of which it is the inf. n. ;)] (S, Msb,*) as

also ▼\>£iy. (Seer, TA.) And [the pi.] ili^'

Slanders, or calumnies. (S, K.)

^^ and ^fc^y : see ^.

£$*: see£j>*.

*Jl# Reaching, attaining, arriving at, or coming
to, a place [or time, or an affair or a state or an
event that is meditated or intended or determined
or appointed ; reaching, Sec, to the utmost point
or degree : and sometimes, being at the point of
reaching &c. : see 1, first sentence]. (TA.) You
say also, "M* cA#*-> meaning i)V [An army
reaching, or arriving at, its appointed place]
(K,TA.) And t£; iT^I, i.e. ^ (S,K,)
meaning [The decree of Ood] reacheth, or at
taineth, its intended object : (K :) from the saying

in the Kur [lxv. 3], »^l 1)1^ 'Jb\ oj (?) Fd/y
Ood attaineth his purpose. (Bd, Jel.) And
Ji«aJI ^j *Jb Reaching the utmost point, or
degree, in stupidity, or foolishness. (TA.) And
*1/ U U)l^ JJUi <uJ : see 1 : and sec the sentence
there next following it. (Msb.) i*JU O^I> in
the Kur lxviii. 39, means Firm covenants: (Jel:)
or covenants confirmed by oaths in the utmost
degree : (Bd :) or rendered obligatory for ever ;
sworn to, that they shall be constantly observed :
or that liave reached their utmost point : (Th,
TA :) or i*!li ^>~oj means [an oath, or a cove-
nant,] confirmed. (T A.) Attaining, or having

attained, to puberty, virility, ripeness, or matu-
rity; applied to a boy: (T, IKoot, IKtt, Msb:)
and in like manner, without 5, applied to a girl ;
(T, IAmb, Msb, K ;) thus applied, with the men-
tion of the noun qualified by it, by Esh-Shafi'ce
(T, Msb) and other chaste persons, of the Arabs ;
(T,TA;) or iiJW ; (IKoot, Msb ;) or the latter
is also thus applied, with the mention of the noun
which it qualifies, (T, Msb, K>) not being wrong
because it is the original form ; (T, TA ;) and
seems to be necessarily used when the noun which
it qualifies is not mentioned, to prevent ambiguity.
(Msb.)_A good, a goodly, or an excellent, tiling.
(S,K.)

*X/\ [More, and most, effectual or efficacious :
see i«V]._ 4JL/I *L> t. q. *£ " i)U« [Praise, or

[Book I.

eulogy, or commendation, in which the usual, or
ordinary, or the just, or proper, bounds are
exceeded ; such as is egregious, or immoderate, or
extravagant ; &c. : see 3]. (K.)

* ■ ••

iiXJ A rope, or cord, with which the main

well-rope («lip0 is joined to [that which is called]
the *r>j& : (K :) or a rope, or cord, that is joined
to the .Uy so that it may reach the water : (Z,

TA :) pi. *JU5. (K.) Also A thong that is

wound upon the curved extremity of a bow, where
the bow-string ends, three times, or four, in order
that the bow-string may become firm, or fast.
(AHn.TA.)

*i„

*Jl3 [an inf. n. (of 5, q. v.,) used as a subst.] :

sec 4iJy, in two places.

• »•«

AJL»o [The place, and the time, which a person,

or thing, reaches, attains, arrives at, or comes to :
the utmost point to which, or towards which, one
tends, or repairs, or betakes himself; to which one
directs his course. ; or which one seeks, pursues,
endeavours to reach, desires, intends, or jruiposes;
whether it be a place, or a time, or any affair or
state or event that is meditated or intended or
determined or appointed : (sec 1, first sentence :)]
the utmost point, or scope, or degree, of knowledge
[and of any attainment] : (Bd and Jel in liii. 31 :)
[the utmost degree of proficiency : a consummate
degree of goodness and of any other quality : the
age of puberty, virility, ripeness, or maturity :
the sum, amount, or product, resulting from
addition or multiplication : a mm of money :
and particularly a considerable sum thereof: and]
cash, or ready money, consisting ofdirhems and
ofdeendrs: in this sense, post-classical : pi. AJU».
(TA.) You say, amJL* {J$± «Jb and <UaJU« : and

£jQt JUJI ^ £lj: and U& sS^JI ^J *£,
and oytJI t>e: for explanations of all which, sec
1. And *Jl~o J^> Uo cJLLy : sec ^JiJUI.

t*, ,m, % , j

■JL-o ^^li j«JL/ : see 1.

[ *Ji~» O/ie «'Ao*c office it is, with other persons
each of whom is thus called, to chant certain
words, as the <U15I <fc, in a mosque. (See my
" Modern Egyptians," ch. iii.)]

• j » ' ^1

&i e>i~o >* [He is caused to reach, attain,
arrive at, or come to, his appointed end, or term
of life, (aJU-I, or the like, being understood,)] is
said of the object of the phrase <v 4X1I *X/ [which
see, and the phrase next following it], (TA.)

4-i «JL

Le !Lj : see vLl.

£M,

^^«

^^ilrf [Phlegm;] one of the four [natural con-
stituents termed] *5L1» ; (S ;) [i. c.] one of the
humours (1»^L*.I) 0/ f Ae J>orfy. (K.) _ And
hence, J .4 heavy, or sluggish, person, who is a
great tallter, or babbler. (TA.)

S ,..

[i^j**^ 0/", or relating to, phlegm; phleg-
matic]

Book I.]

\*

1. Jl* and JC': see 9 -b J^', (8, 5, & c .,)
aor. * ,'(MS, TA,) inf. n. &', (TA,) He opened
a door wholly: (JK,6,K:) or o/wn** it vehe-
mently: (K:) and tjX/l signifies the same. (JK,
?»¥") — And [hence,] .He devirginated, or <2e-
Jloured, a girl. (AA, (,) H Also 2Te *A«f, or
cloned, a door. (IF,K.) Thus it bears two contr.
significations. (K.)

4. JUv' He (a stallion) &e«70t offspring such as
are termed j£ [pi. of J£|, q.v.]. (Zj,K.)«
See also 1.

7. (>J-it Jr (a door) became opened wholly :
(JK, 8, K :) or became opened with vehemence.
(K.)

9. JM, inf. n. jtiljl; (IDrd, S, K;) and
♦J"*/, (IDrd,K,) inf'n. Jli^t; (IDrd.TA;)
and tjJ^X/l, inf. n. j^l; (TA;) and *,#,
aor. ', (JK,?0 inf.n. JlJ; (K,»TA; [accord,
to the CK Jii, but this is a mistake;]) and *$t,
aor. * ; (K ;) but IDrd asserts only the first and
second of these verbs to be known ; (TA ;) He
(a horse) was, or became, JM, i- c, black and
white : (8, K :) or white in the hind legs as high
as the thighs. (K.)

12: r C9 '

J1J and t ail/, (S, K,) the former an inf. n. of
oUf, (K,* TA,) Blackness and whiteness [together,
generally in horses] : (S, K :) or the extension of
whiteness in the hind legs of a horse as high as the
thighs : (ISd, K :) and the latter, any colour with
which white is mixed. (Golius on the authority
of Meyd.)

liX/ : see what next precedes.

J& a contracted dim. of Jijl. (TA.)

Jjl/ : see what next follows.

iiji, (JK,S,&c.,) [said to be] like IjyS,
(K,) [but this is wrong, and is probably a mis-
transcription, for ijya^t, with teshdeed and the
unpointed Jt n. un. of jy+~*,] and with damm,

[***>&] (IDrd, K,) both mentioned by AA,
(TA,) but more commonly with fet-h [to the w>],
(IDrd, TA,) A [desert such as is termed] ij\L» :
( AA, S, K :) or a tract of sand that gives growth
to nothing except the [plant or tree called] ^U-j,
( A !» K>* TA .) of which the [wild] bulls are fond,
and the roots of which they dig up and eat :
(TA :) or a wide tract of fertile land in which no
one shares with thee : (Fr, TA :) or a hard place
among sands, as though it were swept, asserted
by the Arabs of the desert to be of the dwelling-
places of the Jinn : (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA :) or
a desert land, destitute of vegetable produce and
of water, or of human beings, inhabited by none
but Jinn: (TA :) or a level, soft land: (K:) or
a place in which no trees grow : ( JK :) or while
places in sand, which give growth to nothing :
(ISb, TA in art. o>y :) or a piece of ground
differing in colour or appearance from that which
is next to it, that produces nothing whatever : u*
also t J^ like j^J: and, with the art. Jl, par-

ticularly applied to a place in the district of El
Bahreyn, asserted (as IDrd says, TA) to be of
the dwelling-places of the Jinn: ($:) pL Jj%;
(JK, 8, K ;) which is syn. with jA'yi (A'Obeyd,8)
and v^jjC., meaning lands wherein is nothing:
(A'Obeyd, TA:) in poetry, J)^ occurs as its pi.
(K,TA.)

•' i*

Ai^iy : see what next precedes.

JM, applied to a horse, fem. JttiV, Black and
white : (8, K :) or white in the hind legs as high
as the thighs: (ISd,K:) pi. j!^: which is ap-
plied by llu-bch to mountains: but the Arabs
apply the epithet Ji^\ to a beast of the equine
kind, and J^l to a mountain (TA) and to a
sheep or goat : (Lh, TA in art. £# :) the former
is also applied to a rope. (JK.) Jiy^l J U r
J>i*JI (which is a prov., TA) means He sought
an impossible thing ; because J^l is applied to
a male, and JyU means pregnant: or JXf$\
JljiaJI means the dawn; because it breaks, (lit.,
cleaves,) from oac signifying <tli>. (K.)

Q.l. £&£, (K,) inf.n. '£&,, (TA,) It (a
country, or region,) was, or became, vacant, or
void; destitute of herbage or pasturage, and of
human beings, $c. (K.)

Q. 3. *i~bl It (sorrow, grief, or anxiety, such

as is termed ,_>j.£>,) became removed, or cleared
away. (K.) — It (the dawn) shone, or shone
brightly. (K.) — It (a thing) appeared, and
came forth. (TA.)

*£Xj and " ixiXf A land that is vacant, or
void ; destitute of herbage or pasturage, and of
human beings, $c. ; (S, % ;) in which is nothing :
(8:) or the former signifies a vacant, or void,
place : (Mgh :) [or instead of using the former
alone, you say %il/ ^ij\; for] you say Jyu
*i±4 [a vacant, or void, place of alighting or
abiding], (S, TA,) and *«J^ jl* [a vacant, or
void, house &c], without 5, when it is an epithet,
(S, TA,) applied to a masc. subst. and to a fem.;
(TA ;) but if it be a subst., you say, . jl U^iil
<L_U "iauU^ [roe came at last to a smooth, vacant,
or void, land] : (S, TA :) and t i<aL also signi-
fies a land in which are no trees, either in sands
or in plain or level tracts : (TA :) or a vacant
land, in which is no one, whether there be in it
herbage or not, and whether plain or not : (Ham
p. 445:] pi. £•&• (S,Mgh,K-) It is said in
a trad., £»•& jujdl J jj 5J^.U» ,£^J) (S, Mgh,
TA ; but in the second and third of these, in the
place of jJJ, we find cjJ;) The false oath causes
the places of abode to become void, or vacant; i. e.,
by reason of its evil influence, the possessions and
their possessors perish; (Mgh;) or the [false]
swearer becomes poor, and the property that was
in his hoiiB<; goes away ; (Sh ;) or God renders
liim in n 8ljiti> of disunion, 11ml rlinn^oH tho Moan-
ing* which He had conferred upon him: (TA:)
accord, to another relation, the words of the trad.

253

are *JI ^y^\ O*^"* (Mgh ) You s&y also,
£*** j^ii [Vacant, or void, places of abode] ; as

though the places were one place: (TA:) and
Ru-beh says,

.» »» » n * * » » »t-

[And their abode became vacant] : (TA :) and it
is said in a trad., ^5"^' J*'^ c^lll>l [as though
meaning the land became altogether vacant] ; the
pi. being used to render the meaning intensive,

< 1 • .** ••* . f r •! • '1

as in the phrases v, — >L- ^ij\ and J^A.1 vy >

(IAth, TA ;) or because every portion thereof is

considered as being ail*. (TA.) — Also, without

2 and ♦ with 5, t A woman devoid of every good

quality. (K, TA.) — IF says that the J in **!*

is augmentative. (TA.)

iaJU^ : see ***i, in four places.

^ydXt An arrow, or a spear-head, bright, or
free from rust, in the point. (K.)

*JLXi *i.JU> is an expression applied to A road
[as though meaning made bare by the feet of men
and beasts]. (I'Abbad,K.)

,j>J : see art. J^.

c*

*Xe

^ 1. 'eX,, (8,Msb,K,) aor. «, (Msb.K.) inf. n.
lXt, (S,» M?b, K,» TA,) [and irregularly iV&
and ityb, (see xb, belov.,)] He mas, or became,
4$ [q. v.]; asalsotJLjJ; (S,K;) and ♦aJI^I:
(TA :) or he was, or became, weak in intellect.
(Msb.)_Also He was unable to adduce his
argument, proof, or evidence, (K, TA,) by reason
of his heedlessness, and his smallness, or lack, of
discrimination. (TA.)

3. iyJUo The showing stupidity [in an action
or t>» one's actions, i. e. the acting stupidly,] with
anyone. (KL.) [You say, i^H/ He acted stupidly,

or mi the manner of him who is termed el/\, with
him.]
j

4. Ay-U He found him, or knew him by ex-

pertence, to be aJ^I [q. v.]. (K.)

5. *Lj : see 1. — And see 6 Also I He

journeyed, or proceeded, or pursued his way,
without any sign of the road, or any track, to
guide him, (Ax, K, TA,) without following the
right course, (Az, TA,) and without asking [to be
directed]. (K,TA.)_And f He prosecuted a
search after a stray, or lost, beast. (JK, K.)

6. ajy He feigned A&t, or the attribute denoted
by the term aX/I : (8 :) or he made use of that
attribute [as a mask] ; »'. q. aXJI J.,,».:.*l ; as also
♦ aIj. (K.)

8 : see 1.

*i/ is an indecl. word with fet-h for its termi-
nation, like sJ^=>, and means cj [Let alone, or
say nothing of] ; (8 ;) [i. 0.] it is n liomi for 'p\ ;
indi'i-l. ; (Mnchinv. K;1 n ri«rl>nl noun, mMMrtlW
ca and J)j3\; (IAth,TA;) and the noun that

254

follows it, when it is thus used, is in the accus.
case ; (Mughnce, K ;) i. e. it is indeed., with
fct-h for its termination, when the noun following
it is in the accus. case ; so that you say, t juj tJ^
[Let alone Zeyd, or tay nothing of Zeyd] ; like
as you say, I juj J^,j : (IB, TA :) and it is also
an inf. n. in the sense of iJjJJ) ; likewise with
fet-h for its termination, but deck ; and when it
is thus used, the noun that follows it is in
the gen. case; (Mughnee, K ;) or it is put
in the place of an inf. n., meaning AJJ [which
is virtually the same as J>Jl and o], and is
prefixed to a noun in the gen. case ; so that
you say, j^j *X/, i. e. j^j J)j3 [which is virtually
the same as Ijuj aJ^ explained above; for juj j)j3

#•' *** 00 a* # f'««

is originally l£>y I juj jipi, like as wjl»pl w>-aJ
in the Kur xlvii. 4 is originally >-te£\ bw»«eU
W/-»] ; (I Ath,TA ;) for in this case it cannot be
regarded as a verbal noun, since verbal nouns
are not prefixed to other nouns, governed by
them in the gen. cane : (IB, TA :) and it is also
a noun syn. with 1 _il£> [How?]; likewise with
fct-h for its termination, indccl. ; ami when it is
thus used, the noun that follows it is in the nom.
case. (Mughnce, ]£.) A poet says, describing
swords, (§, Mughnce,) namely, Kaab Ibn-Malik,

» * * •* * •» * * + t ** *

[They leave the skulls frith their crowns lying
often to the nun (let alone, or tay nothing of, the
hands) at though they had not been created] : (S,
Mughnce :) he says, when they cut, or cut off,
the crowns, then let alone, or say nothing of, the

hands (o»£»*i)l £•**) : >• e -> ,n °y are more fit for
cutting off the hands : (TA :) Akh says that aJU
is here in the place of an inf. n. ; that it is as
when you say, jyj >^>y6 : but o*£»*5)l may be in
the accus. case; so that the meaning may be
«-i= > *i" p> : (§ the verse is thus recited in two
different ways: and also «J&^)t oJ^> [/tow then
must bo the case of the handt?]. (Mughnee.)
And hence the prov., ,jl <J^ Uhy jjl jUl iUp^i
U^LdJ, i. c. 2Vi« ./ire roi// frwrn <Aee »/ </to?/ *c« it
from a distance : then let alone, or «ay nothing
of, (f-Sb,) thy entering into it. (TA.) A strange
instance occurs in the Saheeh of El-Bukhurcc,
in the explanation of thc^J. of the chapter of
Zj,m. ■■)! [the 32nd ch. of the Kur] : he says, God

* 9 - Of-

pays [by these three letters], ijiUJ Coj^I

• «« • j • - £ -* # e ' • fat * * • - « «

*~U ^"oiltl U <h ^ l>-i yW v-^ ^^ i

(Mughnce, ^y :*) or a,JI* i<w aj| » l U.: (so ui some
copies of the K:) thus *Xf is used as a decl.
word, governed in the gen. case by ^y», and
deviating from the three meanings [explained
above] : (Mughnce, K :) but the reading cora-
monly known is, d e JLc >cv oiJLi>l U tXf y~j ^JLS ^s. ;
and this is the reading in the work of J, [the S,]
and in the Nh, and other lexicological works:
(TA :) it has been explained by jJt ; [so that

a,

the meaning of the sentence as first related above
is, J have prepared for my righteout tcrrant*
what eye hath not. teen, fior ear heard, nor hath
it occurred to the mind of man, as a treature
for tlie future, (obviously taken from Isaiah
Ixiv. 4, quoted by St. Paul in 1 Cor. ii. 0,) tare,
or except, that n-ith which ye have become ac-
quainted, or that with which I have acquainted
them ; and the same, with the omission of " as a
treasure for the future," is the meaning of the
sentence as related in the S and Nh &c.;] (Mugh-
nee, K ;) i. e. \£y, as in the S ; (TA ;) and this
corroborates, (Mughnee,) or is agreeable with,
(K,) the opinion of those who reckon aJL^ as an
exceptive word : (Mughnee, K :) and as lnoan-

ing J*J [app. a mistranscription for ,J*.I ; i. c.,
it has been explained also as meaning I have
done all this because of my promise to them ;
(«»-Jx jf^Min U J*-l )>• because of that with
which I have acquainted them ;) and thus it may
have been read by SM, for ho has written J-.I
without any syll. signs ; and has given no other
ex. of aJu in the sense here intended except one

commencing with the words, i^^l j£ j_y»l *J^
ljLy«, which may mean because I have nut broken
a covenant, or yea, verily I have not &c., accord.

as we read .Jl or (V' ] : or as meaning \j£=> [or
rather {js. UU b ] and c> [let alone, or say nothing
of; but this explanation must relate to the sen-
tence as given in the S and Nh]: (K, but omitted
in an excellent copy of that woi-k :) or, accord, to
El-Ahmar, it means, in this trad, [as commonly
known], ^ig&> [horn? which seems to be the
least suitable of all these explanations], (TA.)
IAmb relates, on the authority of others, that <tX/
is also syn. with ^-U : [but I think that this is a
mistake, arising from a misunderstanding of what
here follows :] Fr says that he who makes it to
govern a gen. case regards it us used in the
manner of J*, and similar particles governing
the gen. case. (TA.)__il v )j U means «iXJb U
[What is thy state, or condition, or case?]: (K,
TA :) or iU U [which often bsis this meaning :
see the letter ^J]. (So in some copies of the KL.)

aJL^ and " i*"^ [both properly inf. ns. ; sec 1 ;]
The attribute, or quality, denoted by tlie epithet

j * al

<U^I [q. v.] ; (S, K ;) i. e. heedlessness : (K :) or
heedlessness of evil; (JK in explanation of the

. *' a* *

former, and K ;) &.C.; (K;) and ' i~^Ju signifies
thesav.e; and stupidity and languor. (JK.)

ilyX,! : see cJOI.

«- i. O't

i^JL;, (K,) or J^jOI i^^j, (JK,) or tA*" 1 ' \J*>
(S,) t -4n easy and a plentiful, (S, K, TA,) or a
pleasant and heedless, (JK, TA,*) slate, or con-
dition, of life : (JK, S, K, TA :) from <djl JLU
[q. v.] : (Har p. 210 :) the word *-vW is rendered
quasi-coordinate to the quinqueliteral-radical class
by 1 at the end, which is changed into ^ because
of the kesreh before it : (S in art. Oy^t '•) '' ' s
like i~ou. and i-Vj : IB says that it should be

- - t.al ••-

mentioned in art. *Xt, and means «U^t ,J~z ; the
,J and (^ being augmentative, to render it quiisi-
coordinate to feitufc : it is mentioned in the K

[and S] in arts. ^^Xt and jlf. (TA in art.

[Book I.

ijyi*t the ^ is augmentative accord, to Sb. (S in
the present art.) One says, KifSf iJA* C>Jj "^

ifryiaj u» ijHh* I [Mayest thou not cease to be
greeted with congratulation, and made to continue
in an easy and a plentiful ttate of life]. (A, K.)
_ Sec also aJb.

£»*^j : sec aX>.

j .at

aJL^I Heedless : (K :) or heedless of evil (K,
T A) by reason of his goodness: (TA:) or simple,
foolish, or of little sense, without discrimination :
(Kl:) or wcah in intellect: (M»b:) accord, to
Kn-Nndr, (TA,) one whose evil nets is dead, (If,
TA,) to that he is not cognizant of it: (TA :)
good in disjwsition; having little cognizance, m
understanding, of subtil ties ; or having little thill
therein : (£ :) or one whose predominant quality
it freedom of the bosom, or heart, or mind, from
evil affections; (S, K, TA ;) and good opinion of
men : (TA :) simple-hearted : (TK :) naturally
disposed to goodness, and therefore heedless of
evil, not knowing it : (T, TA :) or heedless with
resjtect to the present world and its people and
their coifuptncss and malevolence, but intelligent
and skilled in the taw with resjtect to that which
is commanded and that which is forbidden : (Ah-
mad Ibn-IIambal, TA :) fern. i\£ : (S, Msb,
K:*) pi. U^: (S.Msb:) and 1 1\£, a pi., [as
though the sing, were <uJb,] signifies dull, stupid,

or wanting in intelligence: but this is post-classical.

> al i .
(TA.) Hence, aJL^I «_Aw [A youth, or young man,

who is heedless, &c], because of his inexperience
in affairs : the epithet is applied to a youth in like
manner as freedom from care, or thought, and
like ns insanity, are attributed to him. (S.) And
Jj4il *V^I li'^l ^li. : [The best (four children
is the heedless, &c, that has much intelligence] ;
(S, Msb ;) a saying of Ez-Zibrikun Ibn-Bedr;
(S ;) meaning such as, by reason of his bashful-
ncss, is like the <*Jbl, (S, Msb,) so that he feigns
heedlessness, and passes over things, (Msb,) though
he has much intelligence ; (S ;) or such ns is
thought to be stupid, but, when examined, is
found to be [very] intelligent. (IAth, TA in art.

jai £ * at t - » I

fji^.) And dJUt <UaJt Jjkl j-L=>l, a trud., mean-

* 0#

ing Most of tlie people of Paradise are the dJO

[or heedless, &c.,] with respect to the present

world, because of their being little concerned

thereby, while they are intelligent with respect to

the world to come; (S;) or they nrc thus termed

because they are heedless of their affairs in the

present world, and unskilful in the management

thereof, and busy themselves with their affairs

relating to the world to come. (TA.) _ ft^jL,

applied to a woman, Gencrotit, ttrong-hearted,

(ifij*, for ^Hj-Jl in the copies of the K is a

mistake for Sjjj+i\, with ^\j, TA, [app. here
meaning bold,]') inexperienced in affairs, and
simple, or unintelligent. (K,* TA.) ISh cites a
poet as applying this epithet to a young girl with
whom he had sported, and who acquainted him
with her secrets, by reason of her inexperience,
and want of cunning, not knowing what that
implied against her. (TA.) _ Also, applied to a
she-camel, J That does not take fright, and flee
from a thing, (ISh, A,K,) by reason of staidnett,

Book I.]

(ISh,K,) or heaviness, (A,) as though she were
stupid. (ISh, A,K.) One does not say d±t\ J-»*-

(I8h, TA.) «UJl vW^ t-So/V, or delicate, youth;

(T, A, K;) as though he who enjoys it were
heedless of nocturnal accidents or calamities. (A,
K.) __ And *M tAe* J A soft, or delicate, or
pleasant, or plentiful and easy, life : (K, TA :)
or a /{/"« in which are few anxieties : (CK :) or a
life in which are few griefs, or sorrows. (S.)
[Sec also ^UyV]

1. .^, (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. '- , (T, Msb,)
inf. n. **&, (S,) or this is a simple subst., and the
inf. n. is £, (T, Msb,) He (God) tried, proved,
or tested, him, (T, S, Msb,) j^i^t [by, or with,
good], or iJy [fry, or with, evil]; (Msb;) for
God tries his servant (»>!*>) by, or with, a
benefit, to test his thankfulness ; and by, or with,
a calamity, to test his patience ; (T ;) [wherefore
it often means He afflicted him ;] as also * OM,
(T, S, Msb,) inf. n. &Jl; (T, S; [in both restricted
to good ; but in tho Msb it seems to be common
to good and evil ;]) and *»***»: (T, S, M, Msb :)

and '£&, inf. n. % (S, M, K) and f&, (M, K,)
[but from what lias been said above, it seems tliat
the latter is used only when the agent is God,
and that it is properly a simple subst.,] I tried,
proved, or tested, him; (S, M, Mgh,* K;) as also
t isjsfl : (M, K :) each of these verbs implying
two things ; one of which is the learning the
state, or condition, of the object, and becoming
acquainted with what was unknown of the case
thereof; and the other, the manifesting of the
goodness or badness thereof; both of these things
being sometimes meant, and sometimes only one
of them, as when God is the agent, in which case
only the latter is meant : (Er-llughib, TA :) and
♦ JllEll, also, signifies the act of trying, proving,
or testing. (8.) It is said in the Kur [xxi. 30],
JL3 j«*Jt) >~Jy ;«= ■> , ) V >j [And we try you by,
or with, evil and good, by way of probation].
(TA.) And in the same [ii. 118], *,y£T ijj
oO£j <vi ^o-a'^I [And when his Lord tried
Abraham by certain words, meaning commands
and prohibitions]. (TA.) And you say, » ULj *)

O*-** - ' L5* •J* J ^ ^j [Try Thou not us save by
those things that are best] ; (T ;) from a trad.
(TA.) [See also 4 and 8 below.] __[ Hence,]
<O^Jb also signifies J / smelt it. (T in art. Jy,
and A and TA.) — [And «^ He knew it, or be-
came acquainted with it. (See JV-)1 — Sec also
4, in the latter half of the paragraph. = ^J^,
aor. ' , inf. n. ^, or ^J^, [in the CK, erroneously,
^,] and V)j, [in the CK, erroneously, .^..j (T,
8, M, Msb, K,) the former with kesr and the
latter with fet-h, (T, S, Msb,) said of a garment,
(T, 8, M, &c.,) It was, or became, old, and worn
out .• (Msb :) belonging to the present art. and to
art. lyW- (M.) [The inf. n., used as a subst.,
signifies Wear; attrition; wear and tear: see
an ex. in a hemistich cited near the end of the
first paragraph of art. *$\, where a dwelling is
likened to a garment.] —Also said of a plant [as

meaning It became old and withered, or wasted].

(K in art. ^, &c.) And of a corpse, meaning

It became consumed by the earth. (Msb.)_-And
of a bone, meaning It became old, and decayed ;
syn. >j. (8 and K &c. in art. jtj.) _ And of a
man's reputation, meaning fit became worn out
of regard or notice. (TA in art. jj}.) — And
[hence,] w4-V, (M,) or cJl^, (K,) She (a camel,
M, K, or a marc, or beast of the equine kind, M)
was, or became, a iJO ; i. e., was tied at tier dead
master's grave (M, K) without food or water (M)
until she died (M, K) and wasted away. (M in
art.^.)

2 : see 4, in six places, in the latter lialf of the
paragraph.

3. Ajlljl ^ is from .^U1, [inf. n. of «•&,] so that
it signifies [properly] / shall not, or I do not,
care for him, mind him, heed him, or regard him,
so as to share with him, my trial and his trial :
(Ham p. 94 :) [and hence,] one says thus, (S,

Mgh, Msb,) or yW'l U, (M, K,) and * J$ ^',

(Mgh, Msb,) or y J\/\ U, (MF, TA,) but the
verb is more chastely made trans, without the
preposition v> (■*■> TA,) inf. n. S^JU* (M, Mgh,
Msb, K) and' 1% (M, K, TA [in the CK, errone-
ously, J%]) and' 3% (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,)
said by some to be a quasi-inf. n. and by others

to be an inf. n., (MF, TA,) [in the T it is said to

t * *j i* «* 1* .*

he a subst., from S^JUJt,] originally iJU, like i-ilt

3 m • *

from »UU, (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) and Jl*-, [which is
more strange,] (M, K,) meaning [merely] J sliall
not, or / do not, care for, mind, heed, or regard,
him, or it; (S, Mgh, Msb, K ;) / shall not be,
or / am not, disquieted by him, or it : (Mgh,

Msb:) or, as some say, aJl^l *$ is formed by

t * *
/, " *• * * * * .
transposition from <*JjUI ^), from JUI, i. e. J will

not, or / do not, cause him, or it, to move, or
occur to, my mind; nor give, or pay, any atten-
tion to him, or it : (Z, TA : [and the like is said
in the T :]) or the proper [or literal] meaning is,
/ will not, or I do not, contend with him for
superiority in goodness, or excellence, by reason
of my little care, or regard, for him : (Mgh :)
or it was employed to denote the contending with
another for superiority in glory, or excellence, as
will be shown by the citation of a verse in the
latter portion of this paragraph ; and then, in
consequence of frequency of usage, came to denote
contempt, or mean estimation : (Ham p. 31 :) or
its original meaning is, J will not, or / do not,
strive with him to be first; neglecting him, or
leaving him to himself; from j»yii\ iJW 88 ex-
plained below; sec 6. (Msb.) It is said in a
trad., <Ul^ obi ^ov-JWi *i), or, accord, to one reading,

ajU^oyj ij)l«i *), meaning God will not hold them
to be of any value or weight. (TA.) And in

another, jUI J^ ;S>*j J$ % iV' ,>» »S>>
ls*WI *lj$i said to mean [T/tese will be in Paradise,
and] I shall not disapprove ; [and these will be
in the fire of Hell,] and I shall not disapprove.

(Az, TA.) And one says, C*&m U ,j>M ^ [I
shall not, or I do not, care for what thou didst,

256

or hast done]. (IDrd,TA.) And c4»'l jfi] U
OjjJ j>\ [I care not whether thou stand or sit] :
and <u> j*-* JUUu ^Jbl U [ I care not for thy
standing and thy not doing so]. (Mughnce in
art. I.) And «v C-i'W U (AZ, Msb, TA) I did
not care for, mind, or regard, him, or it. (TA.)
And '^yiJW ^W [-He cared for the thing; or] /ie
roa* disquieted by the thing. (T.) The verb is
sometimes thus used, in an affirmative manner;
(Ham p. 94 ; [and the like is said in the TA ;])
though some say that it is not ; (Msb ;) but it is
not unless it occurs with a negative in the former
part of the sentence or in the latter part thereof;

as when one says, ,J^ 0&} &*&»m »!*v .Jl/ 1*
i> jljc [Thy friend cared not for thee, but thy
slave cared] ; and as in the saying of Zuhcyr,
*•*.«•'*#* j a* - •# «

.i . -•« il « •#

[ Verily I cared for the departure of Umm-Owfd,

but Umm-Owfd cares not]. (Ham p. 94.) One

*i •« i*f •'

says also, JL>I ^ and Jol ^ [/ did not car«,

&c] : (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, £ : [but in the C$
the latter of these is omitted :]) in the latter the I
[of prolongation] is suppressed for the purpose of
alleviating the utterance, like as ^j is suppressed

*' * mm

in the inf. n. [or* quasi-inf. n.] aJIj, (S, Mgh,
Msb,) originally i^V/, (S, Msb,) and in jjl "Jj :
(S :) or the 1 is suppressed in this case to avoid
the concurrence of two quiescent letters ; (Kh,
Sb, M, IB ;) not for the purpose of alleviating
the utterance ; (IB, TA ;) for this is done because
the J is made quiescent. (Kh, Sb, M.) And,
accord, to Kh, (Sb, M,) some of the Arabs say,

*Xi\jJ [I did not care for him, or tV], (Sb, M,)

or J^l Jj, [in the CK, erroneously, Jyt _,),] with

.1 ' A

kesr to the J ; (K, T A ;) [for ajgt J, or Jl*l J ;]

only suppressing the I, as they do in kJx [for
LS*]. (Sb, 8, M.) — IAar says that ^ij,
inf. n. S^Co, is like ^tcM meaning lie exerted
himself in a description of a war, or battle, or of
generous conduct; os when one says, Jiii ,J^I
L_»- Vj^ >^*JI [He exerted himself well, that
day, in a description of war, &c] : and he cite«
the following verse [to which reference has been
made above] :

#j * Alt'* tt' *4 . #. # «f »

[What lutth happened to me that I see thee stand-
ing exerting thyself in a description of generous
qualities, when thou hast become like one dead by
reason of leanness ?] : he says that he [tho poet]
heard him [whom he thus addresses] saying, " We
have eaten and we have drunk [with guests], and
we have done [such and such things] ;" enume-
rating, or recounting, generous qualities or actions,
and lying in doing so : (T, TA :) in another place
he says that ^W3 means looking to see which of
them [or of thee and others] is best in Jt^ [i. e.
state, or condition], while thou art dying : (TA:)
he says, also, that a^)b, inf. n. »^)U«, signifies he
contended with him for superiority in glory, or
excellence ; (T, TA ;•) and [it is said that] JU

956

in the Terse here cited means thus contending;
»yn. 'j±\jj : (flam p. 31 :) and accord, to IAar,
♦•^W also signifies he contended with him in con-
tradiction. (T,TA.)

4. *yj\, inf. n. 1*^1 : see 1, in two places. _

[Hence,] CLL l&l 'M fU, (T,) or CLL 1%,
(S,) Qod did to him a good deed. (T.) [And
hence,] it is said in the Kur [viii. 17], ^^Clj
U-i. &i iu J>e~«|jl (TA) And that lie might
confer upon the believers a great benefit, or favour,
or blessing : (Bd :) or a good gift ; meaning spoil.
(J el.) And ujjjc* a^JLjI [I conferred upon him
a favour, or benefit]. (S.) Zuheyr says,

*l*i yS$ wl ^t*» U*>**tftj •

(T,*§,) meaning, ollc «v jiJ ^JJt, (T,) or

oW* *v j^--i l^ 1 ' (?>) •• e - [May God recom-
pense with beneficence what they two have done to
you,] and do to them two the best of the deeds
wherewith He tries [die thankfulness of] his
servants. (T.) — O^l also signifies He made
him to swear ; [as though he tried his veracity by
so doing;] (M, K ;) or so tUj l%\. (TA.)
[See also 8.] — And lie swore to him : (M, K :)
or this, (TA,) or U,^ l%\, [as above,] (T, S,)
he swore [or swore an oath] to him, and thereby
toothed, or placated, his mind. (T, S,* TA.) __
And hence, (TA,) He informed him, acquainted

him, or told him. (IAar, M, K, TA.) [And

hence, He manifested it; revealed it; made it
manifest, apparent, evident, clear, or plain;
whence a phrase in a verse cited voce Jtt -on ;
and the phrase] Jjiil jj^ U, i. e. As long as
he does not manifest, show, or mahe apparent, the
excuse : but the verb [in this sense] is originally
doubly trans. : one says, Ijjx O^Li C-J^l, meaning
I manifested to such a one an excuse so that I
was not to be blamed after it ; properly signifying
/ made such a one to be acquainted with my
excuse, and to hnow the manner thereof; (Mgh ;)
and thus it is explained in the A : (TA : [in like
manner, also, it is explained in the T:]) [or]
b«** OM signifies He gave him an excuse which
he accepted: (M, K:) and in like manner, Ol^l
•«*y*- [He gave him hi* endeavour, or energy, in
an acceptable manner] ; and «U3U [Am gift]. (M.)
Hence, tjjs. ^jj^t signifies also He strove, laboured,
or exerted himself , [and thus manifested his excuse,]
in worh. (Mgh.) And hence, yj^Jl ,_,» ^t
He manifested, or showed, his might, valour, or
prowess, in war, or fight, [and he strove, laboured,
or exerted himself, therein, (»jj« being under-
stood,)] so that men proved him and knew him.
(Mgh.) See also 3, where another explanation of
^jM is given, in the latter portion of the para-
graph. msm^)yj\ ^f\ [He wore out the garment;]
trans, of ^; (T,S, M, K ;) as also t & , (M,
$ ;) belonging to the present art. and to art. ^.
(M.) One says to the jl*~« [i. e. him who makes,
or puts on, a new garment], Jh\ u A1 r ;j J^t
[ Wear out thy garment, and Qod will replace it

with another; or, may Ood replace &c.]. (S.)
And i^wO Jki»-1^ jL.I_5 Jyl Wear out, and
make new, [or put on new,] and praise the
Clother [meaning God]. (S in art. ju»»)._
[Hence,] jiZil t»*& [Journeying, or travel, wore
him, or wasted him] ; namely, a man ; (M, K ;
but in the copies of the latter, t«*£i [which I think
an evident mistranscription] ;) as also alU *,yW;

and OM: (M:) and so^l [anxiety], (M, K,)
and the like, (M,) and w>jWJI [tryings, or trying
events] : (K :) and £Li\ U^l (T, S) or * U-&
(thus in a copy of the S) [journeying, or travel,
wore her, or wasted her] ; namely, a she-camel.
(T,S.) El-'Ajjaj says,

Into

[And man, the returning of the nights time after
time, and the alternation of states if being, wear
him out as the wearing out of the shirt] : (S, M :*)
he means, Jl£jl '*&J, or Jl£ll1 'S^^i. .(M.)
And Ibn-Ahmar says,

•*

t >

yu. ^ ^Ci »i%

he means J lived the period that my father lived
[so that I had long enjoyment of hit life, and I
outwore my paternal uncles, and I outwore my
maternal uncle] : or, as some say, / lived with my
father for the length of his life &c. (M, TA.»

[In the latter, "C-^JLj is put in the place of c~JL»J;
and hence it is there said that »^!L3 is like «^ju :

but I think that 0*1.3 is a mistranscription.])

w*M and 'CeAtf also signify I bound the fore-
shank of a she-camel to her arm at the grave of
her [dead] master, and left her without food or
water until she died; or I dug for her a pit, and
left her in it until she died. (S, TA. [See ^Jb,
and ^J^.])

5 : see 4, near the end of the paragraph.

6. ^t^JI [inf. n. of ,J£] : see 1. cs^ybt ^IJ
The people, or company of men, vied, or strove,
one with another, in hastening to a little water,
and drew from it. (Ms, b.)

8. OL^t : see 1, in three places. [Hence, jJL^I
\j£j (vulg. ^U/1) He was tried, proved, or tested,
by, or with, such a thing ; generally meaning he
was afflicted thereby, or therewith; as, for instance,

by, or with, a disease.] Also He asked, or

sought, or desired, of him information, or news,
or tidings. (M, K.) And yj^i^ signifies also He
conjured, or adjured, and asked if any had know-
ledge; syn. UtX— ZA and <J>j*£*\ [explained by
what here follows].' (M, K, TA.' [In the CK,
both the verb and the explanation are here
wrong : the former is written ZJl^l ; and the latter,

s * J * i * '* x '

<J>jju*J3 %J Jm " , »!.]) A poet says,

J - • % A J -of *

[She seeks for her father among the travclling-

[Book I.

companions, and conjures, or adjures, and asks
if any have knowledge, when a crocodile has
destroyed him in the depth of the great river :
,j*«j is for jjA—j] : he means that she says to

them, " I conjure you, or adjure you, by God,

-i ^ j j j t ' *
(4I1I ^O.t.i.li,) [tell me,] do ye know any tidings

of my father?" (M, TA.) But Aboo-Sa'eed says
that ^jA—j here means tries, proves, or tests ; and
that f^i>*i)t signifies the trying, proving, or testing,
whether by an oath or otherwise. (TA.) __ [Also
He desired it ; he sought it.] It is said in a trad.,
4»l 4».j y ^lol U jJuJI, i. c. [The vow that a
man makes to be binding, or obligatory, on himself
is that whereby the recompense of Ood] is desired,
or sought. (TA.)_And He chose him, made
choice of him, or elected him. (Sh and T, from a
trad.)

' *'•
**• i^^'W ■" (herbage) became tall, so that the

camels were able to avail themselves of it. (K.)

>1 £i, (T, R, M, A,) with kesr to the v , (S,)
and ji-, ^Lf, (S, A,) Worn, or wasted, by jour-
neying, or travel; applied to a she-camel, (T, S,
M, A,) and in like manner to a man, and to a
he-camel : (M :) and jlLll /X (M, K) and 11^
tU-l, (K,TA,) with kesr to the w> in both, (TA,
[in the CK written with fet-h,]) a man worn, or
wasted, by journeyings, or travels, and anxiety,
(M, K,*) and the like, (M,) and tryings, or try-
ing events : (K:) pi. &# (S, M.) And^^.
and ji. {J*i [botli written in the CK with fet-h
to the w>] A man having strength, or power, to
endure evil; tried, proved, or tested, thereby:
(M,K:) and in like manner, j-i. ^JO and Mak-J^
[irt'erf, &c., t^ ,(7<>orf, or prosperity]. (TA.) And

II* ***** * •! ' JA • i

JWt ;*>vl ^ yj *JI and ^ylv [both written in
the CK with fct-h to the w» as before] Verily he
is one of those who manage, or tend, camels, or
the like, well. (M,* K,* TA.) The ^ in ^, in
all these instances, is originally j, changed into
j_£ because of the kesrch, and the weakness of the
intervening letter, J ; as is the case in iJU : so
says IJ. (M.)

^ : sec art. ^.

\Ss^-

i see what next follows.

£fc (T,^S,Msb) and t^' (T, S, M, Msb,
K) and * 3& (S, M, Msb,K) and ♦ 1&, (S, M,
K,) with kesr, (S, K>) a nd * *ih, (so in a copy
of the S, beside the third,) thus in the handwriting
of Aboo-Zekereeya, in the place of the third,
(TA,) substs. (T, M, Ms. b, K) from ibt &, (T,
Msb,) or from a£)I »*)IU;I, [which i9 the same in
meaning,] (M,) or from aJ^, (K,) are one [in
their signification ; which is A trial, as meaning
a probation, or a test; and as meaning particularly
a trouble or an affliction of any kind by which
one's patience or any other grace or virtue it
tried, proved, or tested] ; (S ;) and the pi. (S,
TA) of t & (TA) is £•& of the measure J$\s\s

Book I.]

changed to ,JUi : (§, TA :) [or] £& is [pro-
perly, or originally,] an inf. n., (S, M, K,) and
signifies the act of trying, proving, or testing, by,
or with, good, and by, or with, evil : (S, M :) it
is evil and good: (T, M:») a trial, or an afflic-
tion, (T, ]£,) which is its original meaning ; (T ;)
and a [probationary] benefit, favour, or blessing,
(T,) or a [probationary/] gift ; (K ;) the former
of these requiring patience, and the latter being
the greater of the two [as being commonly the
more dangerous to the soul]; (TA ;) [but the
latter meaning is generally indicated only by the
addition of an epithet : thus] ,ylm. Y%i means a
great, benefit, or favour, or blessing, of God ; (Bd
in viii. 17 ;) or a good gift of God : (Jcl ibid. :)
V% also means grief; as though it tried the
body: (Er-Ilaghib,K :) and the imposition of a
difficult, or troiddesome, thing; a requirement;
an exaction; because it is difficult, or distressing,
to the body ; or because it is a trying. (K.) ;Sw
(like >IW, S, K) is syn. with $J\ : (§, M, K :)
occurring in the saying, jUSDI ^le. ^ *~Jp
[Trial, or affliction, befell the unbelievers] : (S,
M,*K:*) mentioned by El- Ah mar, as heard by
him from the Arabs. (S.)

l-^f, like ^>\^» in form, [is an inf. n. of 3,
q. v. :^and also signifies] Anxiety respecting
tvhicJt one talks to himself, or soliloquizes. (Msb.
[Compare a meaning of !^, above.])

I *

^*^: seo the paragraph nnxt following; last

sentence.

•tX/ : sec 1%, in two place* = Also A she-
camel that has her fore shank bound to her arm
at the grave of her master, and is left without
food until she dies : (T :) or a she-camel, (M in
ails, ^Xf and {J ^, and K,) or a mare, or beast of
the equine kind, (M in art. ^Jb,) that is bound at
the grave of her master, (M, £,) he being dead,
and is left, without food or water (M) until she
dies (M, K) and wastes away; for they used to
say that her master would be raised from the
dead upon her: (M:) or a she-camel which, in
the Time of Ignorance, had her fore shank bound
to her arm at the grave of her master, and was
left without food or water until she died : or for
which was dug a pit, wkerein ske was left until
she died: for they used to assert that men would
be raised from the dead riding upon the C"&,
[pi. of i^( in the sense above explained, (T,
TA,)] or walking if their beasts whereon they
rode were not bound, with the head turned back-
wards, at their graves: (S :) or a cow, or she-
camel, or sheep, or goat, which, in the Time of
Ignorance, they used Co hamstring, or slaughter,
at the grave: so in a trad. (TA.) Suh says that
this custom proves that, in the Time of Ignorance,
they held the doctrine, of the resurrection of the
body: but they who held it were the fewer
number. (TA.) It is said that l^J is originally
* iVli or 1 1£J>. (TA.) Et-Tirimmdh says,

juJ^i ^ y jju

[Places of abode in which thou wilt not tee the
stones, or other things, that have been set up to
Bk. I.

3*i — M

be worshipped, nor the pits of the beast left by the
grave of ihe master to die] ; meaning places of
abode of the people of El-Islam, exclusively of

the pagans. (S.) IAaf says that t^ and ajj
signify Such as is wearied, or jaded, and ema-
ciated, and dying. (TA.)

Ju [act. part. n. of il% ; Trying, proving, or
testing And hence,] Knowing, or being ac-
quainted [with a thing] ; as in the phrase, a£u».
L&«**^ QW I made him to be acquainted with my
excuse, and to know the manner thereof. (Mgh.)
= Also Old, and wearing out [or worn out] ;
applied to a garment. (Msb.)^ [Hence,] oyi^
is used as meaning The places of tents. (Ham
p. 492.)

»>~o, fern, of ^ji**

&'*
LS ^o, and its fem

• -*■ >

oLX~o Women that stand around a man's

riding-camel [which they bind, or place in a pit,
by his grave, to die of kungnr and thirst,] 7ohen
he has died or been slain, wailing for him. (T,
S.*) You say, aJx. ^LX> jyj OlXo' *U>\i

[The women that bound, or placed, the <U^ by the
grave of such a one stood around it wailing for
him]. (T,S.)

r; ?

sec iJO.

)*

» i.

^i^i (M, Msb,K) and ^ (Msb, K) and
J3**> (K,) or the last only, (IAar, T,) [a coll.
gen. n., signifying Crystal;] the kind of stone
colled \y+, (M,) which shines by reason of its
whiteness and clearness ; (TA in art. y^e ;) a
well-known kind of stone, the best of which is
brought from the islands of the Zinj GJ>J)I) ;
(Msb ;) a well-known kind of precious stone, (]£,
TA,) white and transparent : (TA :) [Golius
says, but I know not on what authority, if on
any better ground than the resemblance of the
name, " Grace. BijpvWos, bcryUus, lapidis genus :
de quo vide Plin. xxxvii. 5 : aut potius, quo
ilium lapidem adulterari idem scril.it, crystal-
lum :"] n. un. with 5 : (M :) some say that it is
a kind of glass [or factitious crystal; what we
term crystal-glass ; and to this the word is com-
monly applied in the present day ^ though still
also applied to rock-crystal]. (TA.)

4. ^,£i\ ^| : > sec art. ^.

^1/: andyl^: tec. J

iJ* is a particle ; (S, Msb, Mughnee ;) contr.

of*)- (? not a noun : (Sb, S :) it is a replica-
tive ; (S, Mughnee ;) an affirmative of what is
said [in that to which it is a reply] ; (S, Msb ;)
[with very few exceptions] relating only to a
negation, which it annuls: (Msb, Mughnee:)
the final letter is a radical : or, accord, to some,
the word is originally jj, [after which an affirma-
tion is to be understood,] and the final letter is
augmentative : and some of these say that this

257

letter is a denotative of the fem. gender, because
it is [often] pronounced with imaleh. (Mughnee.)
It is a reply to an interrogation in which is a
negative, (T, M, Msb, Mughnee, £,) and affirms
what is said to thee [in that interrogation] ; (M,
£ ;) whether it be an interrogation in tho proper
sense, (Mughnee,) as when you say to another.
\J£» jiSj Jpi [Didst thou not such a thing?],
and he replies,, ^f [meaning Yes, or yea, or ay,
I did], (T,) or as when one says, ^Ntf J->j u-e"
[Is not Zeyd standing?], and you reply, ,J^
[Yes, he is] ; or bo meant to convey reproof,
(Mughnee,) as in the l£ur [lxxv. 3 and 4],
^i A«lkc £^J ,ji ,jt JLjy\ ^.m.A [Doth

man think that we will not collect his bones ?
Yes], (Msb, Mughnee,) i. e., wo will collect
them; (Msb;) or be meant to make a person
confess, or acknowledge, a tiling, (Mughnee.)
as in the £ur [vii. 171], ^ lytS J£^ o~JI
[Am I not your Lord? They said, Yea], (M,
Mughnee.) It is also a reply to a simple nega-
tion, (Msb, Mughnee,) as when I say, J>\3 U
jjj [Zeyd did not stand, or has not stood], and
you reply, ^4 as an affirmative [meaning Yes,
he did, or he has]. (Msb.) It occurs in the l£ur
[xxxix. CO], where it is said, ^^t ili.U. Jj ^
[Yea, my signs have come to thee], preceded by
that which is not literally a negation, but which
has the force of a negation ; for the preceding

Ba y m e> i_*i ,juk *" O' y Uf God had directed
me aright, or would that God kc], is like the
saying, w-^jk* U [J was not directed aright].
(M.) It also occurs in the books of traditions,
in some instances, as a reply to an interrogation
without a negative ; but these instances are rare,
and not to be followed in rendering revelation.
(Mughnee.) Az says that when a man says to
another, >iyu "^1 [Wilt thou not stand?], and the
latter replies, ^J^, he means Jy I jj [Nay, I
will stand], adding the alif [written ^j] to make
the pause good; for if he said, jj, the other
would expect something more to be said after it.
(TA.) It is said that tho pronunciation termed
imaleh is allowable in the case of ^J^; and if so,
its final radical letter is ^g: and some of the
grammarians say that this pronunciation of ^J^
is because, by reason of its completeness and in-
dependence of meaning, so that it requires nothing
after it, it resembles independent nouns, in the
cases of which this pronunciation is allowable.
(M.)

a-Aj and liJ ^/ and l^ : see art. ^.

jti [The bass in music ; used in this sense in
the present day: or particularly the bass notes
of the lute : in this sense F seems to have under-
stood the saying of ISd that] tho J^' of the lute
is well known: (M,BL: [in the Cl£, o-«J^l
•Jl^5yi y }y»}\ is erroneously put for (j-^JwH
•Jt^iy^jjil:]) or (so in the JC) it is the
thick [or bass] chord of the lute : (S, K :) tho

33

258

word ia foreign : (M :) [in Persian ^ :] Az says

that it is not Arabic. (TA.)

1 : see 4.

8. o^» (K») >nf- "• C*^ ( TA ») -Hi «*** «
*/•«/), or //oaf , t'n order to fatten it : (K. :) from

O^CM- (TA.)

* *

4. 0^\ C*'> (T, S, M, Msb, $,) inf. n.

OWJ; (Lth,T;) and y t^, aor. £*, (M.K,)

inf. n. ^ ; (M, TA ;) but As allows only the
former verb; (M,TA;) lie remained, continued,
stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the place; (T, S, M,
Msb, K ;) he kept, or clave, to the place. (Lth,
T, TA.) Accord, to Z, it is a tropical meaning,

from the <U/ [i. c. odour] of the camels or cattle
[of a stationary people]. (TA.) __ And c^l
«^U~JI f The cloud remained, or continued rain-
ing, (M, TA,) tome days, (TA,) and kept its
place. (M.)

fl. fc >~3 He acted, or proceeded, deliberately,
not hastily. (T, TA.) An Arab of the desert

said to Shureyh, on his desiring to pronounce

• *'*
judgment against him hastily, 1 >iy, meaning Act

thou deliberately, not hastily. (T.)

^ is a dial. var. of J->, (M, K,) and so is

tl* "^ of J* "^ » or, as some say, formed by sub-
stitution [of yj for J; not peculiar to any dialect].

(M.) One says, &£\ •$ My ^ [Nay, by Ood, I
mill not come to thee): Fr says that it is of the dial,
of Benoo-Saad and Kclb; and that he had heard
the Buhilccs say, £# *$, meaning j^ [or ^ "9] :
but IJ says, I do not trace up ^j [to any autho-
rity] as being an independent word of a particular
dialect. (TA.) av [^y/ nnd ^ and ^, for ^1
&.c. : see art ^/.]

Oi [Coffee-berries, whether green or roasted,
whole or reduced to powder by pounding or
grinding;] ex pi. in the K as ^e^i\d» JaLlj !.-£
[a certain thing that is taken like the condiment
termed \£j+, which is used to give relish to food
or to quicken the appetite] ; Ibn-Es-Sim'dnce says,
<u*tty31 yjt X^j* y* [app. meaning it is a thing
reckoned among what are termed ~~ t *\^>, pi. of

~~»\i=>, which signifies the same as \Jm»i for it seems

that ^ is here used in the sense of £y», or it
may be a mistranscription for ,>•] ; the physician
Dawood says, it is the produce of certain trees in
El-Yemen; the berries thereof are put into the
earth in jtil [the Syrian month corresponding to
March, O.S.], and it increases, and is gathered

in w-»jI [the Coptic month commencing on the
25th of June, O.S.; tho 7th of July, N.S.];
it grows to the height of about three cubits, on a
stem of the thickness of the thumb, and has a
white flower, which is succeeded by a berry like
the ka setttu t ; sometimes it is cut like beans ;
and sometimes, when it is divested of its covering,
it divides into two halves: it has been proved to

be good for alleviating humidities, and cough,
and phlegm, and defluxions, and for opening
obstructions, and causing a flow of the urine :
when roasted, [and pounded or ground,] and well
cooked, [i. e. boiled in water,] it is now commonly
known by the name of 5^5. (TA.) [Golius, I
think, has misunderstood the explanation of this
word in the K : after having given that explana-
tion, and rendered it by " res quae sumitur instar
IJ>*H Murriji," he adds, " Pcrs. <ubut Abcaina
dicta? : hauc sorbitio est rei ex hordeo ct frumento
parntae multa cura et arte, quant Malajcsa ct
Halimams describunt." He then mentions the
signification of coffee-berries as a second and dis-
tinct meaning.]

3

&t A place having a fetid odour. (Fr, T, K.)

salt also signifies ^^fcJjl ^yt jjj» (T,K) and
i>il)l (I£, TA : in the CK ^ls\ :) [said in the
TA to mean UyU »yS, i. e. Strength arising_/ro»n
fat and from fatness : but I think that y>i-Jlj
has been added in the 1$. in consequence of a
misunderstanding, and that the meaning is a layer
of fat ; this meaning seeming to be indicated by
the ex. here following, and corroborated by signi-
fications of several conjugates of Jj/b, as i*tj}»
and jji and Jljj» &c.] One says (T,K) of a
beast (ifh) when it has become fat, (T,) ^ ££»,'
CX J^ (T, £•) and ,J> J± j> (T) [clearly
I think, meaning Layer upon layer, of fat, has
accumulated upon it.]

i~> A sweet, or pleasant, odour; (As, A A, T,
S, M, £ ;) such as that of the apple (T, M) and
the like, (M,) or the quince: (T:) Sb says that
it is a namo for a sweet, or pleasant, odour, like
3 l n >* : (M,*TA:) and an unpleasant odour;
(Af, T, S ;) a fetid odour; (M, £ ;) whence
J>»JI !u/ [the odour of the yam] occurring in a
saying of 'Alec, respecting a weaver ; (M ;) which
shows that A'Obcyd erred in asserting it to have
only tho first of the foregoing significations ; (IB,
TA ;) which Sub, in the R, assigns also to ♦iiU^:
(TA :) the odour of sheep, or goats, (S, M,) or of
camels or cattle ; (Z, TA ;) and of tlie dung of
gazelles; (S, YL;) and of the lodging-places of
sheep or goats and of oxen or bulls or cows and of
gazelles : (T, M :) and sometimes the lodging-
places themselves, of slice}) or goats: (M, TA:)
pi. (in all the senses, M) ^U^. (T, S, M, K.)

^i A seller of ^ [or coffee-berries]. (TA.)
bb Also, [vulgarly pronounced ^j,] A rjyecies of
fish ; (K ;) [tho cyprinus Dynni of Forskal ;
described by him in his Descr. Anim. p. 71 ;] it
is white, and is the best kind [of fish], and
abundant in the Nile. (TA.)

^Lrf The fingers; syn. fA-ot : (M, Msb, K :)
but whetlicr it means peculiarly the «jL«1 of the
hand, or those of the foot also, [i. e. the toes,] is
disputed : (TA :) or the ends, or extremities,
thereof: (S, M, Msb, ]£ :) said to be so called
because by their means are ordered those circum-
stances whereby man continues in existence ; from
(jlCJ^vL*': (Msb:) mentioned in tlieKur viii.12
because diercwith one fights, and defends himself:

[Book L

(Er-Raghib, TA :) or it there signifies all the
limbs, or members, of the body : (Aboo-Is-hak,
M :) or the fingers, or toes, and any other parts
of all the limbs, or members: (Zj.TA:) or it
means in the K.ur the yjyit ; (Lth, T,TA ;) so in
lxxv. 4 ; (M ;) i. e. the arms or hands and the
legs or feet : (Lth, T, TA :) accord, to El-Firisee
the meaning of the words in the Kur lxxv. 4 is,
we arc able to make their extremities like those
of the camel, so that they should not profit by
them in handicraft : (M, TA :) the n. un. is with
S ; (Lth, T,'S, M, 1$. ;) meaning, accord, to Lth,
a single %~e\ [i. e. finger, or toe] ; or, accord, to
Allcyth, the whole %~o\ ; or, as some say, the
highest SjJtf [or joint] of the »—ot : (T :) the pi.

of pauc. is oUlL; but a pi. of mult, is sometimes
used as one of pauc. ; and hence the saying of the
rajiz,

[Five fingers, or ends of fingers, intensely red
from the dye of hinna in the nails], meaning
^jUJI ^y> ini t A : and one says, ... . M o ^jlJ
[Fingers, or ends of fingers, dyed, or much dyed,
with hinna] ; for every pi. [or rather coll. gen. n.]
between which and its sing., or n. un., there is no
difference but » [added in the latter] may be
treated as sing, and masc. (8.) Lth cites as an
ex. of the n. un.,

meaning [ O God, Thou hast honoured the sons
of Kinaneh: there belongs not to any tribe] excel-
lence of the measure of a finger above them. (T,
TA.)

ij*+l Deliberate and intelligent: (AA,T, 1£ :)
from ol&\ O*- (TA.)

ail^ n. un. of oW- (Lth, T, S, M, ?:.) as Sec

also what next follows.

•# »j *--

iiUi: sec io Also A meadow, or verdant

tract of land somewhat watery, (A A, T, M, K,)

producing herbage, (M, K,) and adorned with

flowers; (TA ;) and so * iil^. (M.)

l >-» Remaining, continuing, staying, dwelling,
or abiding, in a place. (T, TA.) Applied to a
mixture of urine and dung dr***) upon the tail
[of a camel &.(.], it may mean Cleaving, and
sticking : or it may be from Su/ signifying " a
fetid odour" [so as to mean having a fetid odour]:
thus, in this case, it may be either a part. n. or a
possessive epithet. (M, TA.) It signifies also
Having the odour of the dung of gazelles ; applied
to a covert, or hiding-place, of those animals,
among trees. (S, K.*)

2. <U j. if , inf. n. ^--~j, [He dosed him, or stupi-

fed him, with -»_o, q. v. ;] he gave him ~-j to
eat. (K.) [Sec the act. part. n. lielow.]

-~o [Hyoscyamns, or henbane ;] an arabicized

word, [said to be] from [the Persian] .iLy ; [but
see a quotation from Hammcr-Purgstall, near the
close of this paragraph ;] a certain, plant, (Mgh,

Boos I.]

and liar p. 305,) having an intoxicating hind of
grain, or, as some say, (Mgh,) of which the leaves
and peel and seeds torpify : (Mgh, Har :) it is
said, in the Kanoon, (Mgh,) by Aboo-'Alee [Ibn-
Seena, or Avicenna], (Har,) that it is a poison
which confuses the intellect, and annuls the memory,
and occasions insanity and [the disorder termed]
JU*. [or quinsy]} (Mgh, Har;) and it is red,
and white : (Har :) a certain plant having a hind
of grain that confuses the intellect, and occasions
alienation of the mind, or insanity ; and sometimes
it intoxicates, when a man drinks it after it has
been dissolved ; and it is said to occasion forget-
fulness : (Msb :) a certain torpifying plant, well
known; different from ,J^i\jaJ\ t /t* *-; dis-
ordering the intellect (J**Si t Ji L «), rendering
insane, allaying the pains of humours and pus-
tules, and the earache, (K, TA,) applied as a
liniment or as a poultice ; (TA ;) the worst hind
(K, TA) for use (TA) m the black; then, the
red; and the safest hind is the white. (K, TA.)
[Kzw gays that the leaves of the garden-hemp
(^yUly w~-3, or mJS^yi,, the latter of which

properly signifies hemp-sced,) arc the «J^ which,
when eaten, disorders the intellect. And £1-
Idrecsec applies the appellation i,i. t X.t*. to the
"Assassins." This establishes the correctness of
De Sacy's opinion, that the appellation "Assas-
sins" is derived from the vulgar pi. ,j t .M ?».,

(hemp-eaters, or persons who intoxicate them-

s ■
selves with hemp,) for ^Srlis* is syn. with

H. * ,; * ■» , and the sect called by us the "Assassins"
are expressly said by the Arabs to have made
frequent use of »»j^. Baron Hammer-Purgstall,
correctly regarding «-^> as hyoscyamus (or hen-
bane), makes the following important observations,
" 'Bendj,' the pi. of which in Coptic is 'nibendj,'
is without doubt the same plant as the ' nepenthe,'
which has hitherto so much perplexed the com-
mentators of Homer. Helen evidently brought
the nepenthe from Egypt, and bendj is there still
reputed to possess all the wonderful qualities which
Homer attributes to it" (Trebutien, " Contes
Iuedits des Millc et une Nuils," tome i. p. 12,
note.)] The phrase ,_lj| ^>j£i is used by El-
Karkhec [as meaning lie drank the -«~o] because
it is mixed with water ; or [as meaning he took,
or swallowed, the *~>-i,] according to the conven-
tional language of the physicians. (Mgh.)

■Jtt* ' ,I1C 7 "h° employs a stratagem by means
of food containing w-ij [in order to obtain some
advantage over another, by stupifying him there-
with ; as the "Assassins " used to do]. (Mgh.)

jU/ is a Persian word arabicized, originally
signifying A knot, or tie. (TA.) _ Hence, (TA,)
1 [Any of] the stops that are put between the
beads of the *■»-_ to mark the place where the
performer of «. t ...J pauses on the occasion of a

thing's diverting his attention : so in the Comm.
on the Tohfeh by the scyyid 'Omar El-Basree :

(MF, T A :) app. post-classical and recent (TA.)
._ A dam ; a thing that stops, or dams, [water,
or] from water (;U)I O* j£~i \S^r v** L* n
the CK, jiL-j is put in the place of £~->_. In this
sense, also, it is of Persian origin.]) A strata-
gem, a trick, or an expedient, of which one makes
use : (T, K. :) a snare by which one snares men :
(TA in art Jv»3 :) pi. JyJ. (T.) You say, o***
ijijt j££s Such a one abounds in, or practises
much, stratagems, tricks, or expedients, (Lth, T,
A,) and mischievous, or calamitous, acts. (A.)
In this sense, also, it is an arabicized Persian

word. (TA.) _/l» enigma. (TA.) A pawn

that is tied (jjuuU, in the CK jJLxU,) by a queen
in the game of chess: as though it confined and
tied itself. (TA.) _ Also a Persian word, arabi-
cized, (S, A,) signifying A large banner, standard,
or ensign : (En-Nadr, S, A, K :) or a banner, or
standard, or an ensign, of a general, or leader,
(T, M,) of the Greeks, (M,) under which are ten
thousand men, (T, M,) or less, or more: (T:) or
a banner, or standard, or an ensign, of horsemen :
(El-Hujeymee, T :) [in barbarous Latin bandum;
and in Spanish, bandera; as mentioned by Golius;
and in modern Arabic Sjjju/:] pi. as above: (S,
M :) it has no pi. of pauc. (M.)__[The pi.]
iyi^ also signifies, in Greece, [Provinces, or dis-

• ' 9 t

tricts ;] what are called jU».l in Syria, and
ub\jz\ in El-Hijaz, and j^o in El-'Irak, and
JLjuL* in El-Yemen. (Ydkoot)

jjj^ [app. from the Persian jjJ-/,] A place
where ships or boats anchor or moor ; a port [or
port-town: pi. j>Uj]. (K,TA.)

Q. 1. J>j^> He made a thing into JiUj [mean-
ing bullets, or little balls], (Mgh, K,) or like
JoUj." (TA.)=[In post-classical Arabic, He
shot a bullet, or bullets, from a cross-bow or

other weapon.] <Ut Jjuj \He looked sharply,

or intently, at him, or it. (Ibn-'Abbad,K.)

Jjk^ [The hazel-nut; or hazel-nuts; so in the
present day ;] a certain thing that is eaten ;
(Msb ;) t. q. j^X*. : (IDrd, K :) or, as some say,
like jy^a- ; brought from an island; the best
whereof is the fresh, heavy, white, and sweet
in taste ; the old being bad : it is beneficial
as a remedy for palpitation, parched with
anise-seed; and for poisons, and wasting of the
kidneys, and burning of the urine; and with
peppm; it excites the venereal faculty; with
sugar, it removes cough; and the shell thereof,
burnt, and applied as a collyfium, sharpens the
sight : (TA :) they assert that the suspending
it upon the upper arm preserves from scorpions,
(K,) i. e., from their stinging : (TA :) the moist-
ening of the top of the head of a child with tlie
powder of it when burnt, together with oil, re-
moves the bluencss of its eyes and the redness of
its hair: and the Indian kind thereof is an an-
tidote very beneficial to the eyes : (K, TA :) but

MB

in some copies of the K, [and so in the CK,]
instead of ^>*4»A), we here find \M*U [for the
impotent in respect of the venereal faculty]:
(TA :) [it is said in the Msb that most hold the
O to be augmentative : but this is not the case ;
for] the word is Persian [arabicized, from Jj-i]:
(K :) [it is a coll. gen. n. :] n. un. with I : pi.

t 00

J)l-/. (Msb.) __ [Hence, Bullets, i. e.] certain
things that one shoots, (S, Msb, K,) made of clay :
(Msb:) n. un. with 3: (S, M?b,K:) the latter
signifies a piece of clay, made round, which one
shoots, or casts ; or t. q. Ji*"^*- : (Mgh :) it is
said in the Shifa el-Ghaleel to be an arabicized
word : (TA :) pi. as above. (S, Msb.) [See a
prov. voce »lj».. Hence Jj^Jt ^y The cross-
bow. In modern Arabic, Jjw is also applied to
Balls of any kind of ike size of hazel-nuts : n. un.
with ».]

^jSju/ A garment, or piece of cloth, of fine,
delicate, or thin, linen. (Sgh, K.) [SM says,]
It is most probably, in my opinion, so called in
relation to the land of i-iJJjl [or Venice]. (TA.)
[In modern Arabic, A Venetian sequin: pi.
&W.]

3 - j ♦ j

i-ilSju^ [app. a post-classical word,] A maker

of cross-bows (Jjyi-Jl ^^-3). (El-Makreezee'i
Khitat, art. ^UjaJl £*..)

j*aij The finger that is next to the little finger;
(S in art. j^su ;) [the third finger ;] that which is
between the little and middle fingers : (Msb in
art. j*>i, and K :) of the fem. gender : (K :) pi.
ye^i, (S,) or 5j-oU^. (Msb.) Accord, to the
author of the K, the & is a radical letter, and
therefore the mention of this word in art. j-a/ is
wrong. (TA .)

• »•«» %i. . * . ». .

«..i. ••;, of tho measure J-Ui, like J»-jiui,

(Msb,) [an arabicized word, from the Persian

• «. • *»

rt .t.«:,i ; The violet ; viola odorata of Linn : and

accord, to Forskal (Flora AEgypt Arab. p. ciii.)
applied in El-Yemen to tho "iris:" and (p. cxx.)
" tagetes dubia ?"] what is thus called is well
known : the smelling it in its fresh state is benefi-
cial to those who are heated by wrath (CHMs*— ** ' )>
and tlie continual smelling of it induces good sleep :
the conserve made of it is beneficial for the pleurisy
(wJi%JI Olj), and for inflammation of the lungs

(Sjpt Oli), and for cough, and for headache.
(K.)

J*

1. £,, (K,) aor.-', inf. n. J£, (TK,) He

joined [a tiling to another tiling, like as tlie i£t ; i
of a shirt is joined : see the pass. part, n., below] ;
syn. J^y. (K.)

2. I/a***!! JU/, inf. n. J^«3, He put a ii-o
to the shirt. (K.) ___ i-xoJI J14 I He made the
upper part of the quiver wide [by adding to it

33*

260

the like of a ii^ (see the pass. part, n., below,)],
and the lower part narrow: (K, TA:) or he
widened it* upper part, the lower part being [or
remaining] narrow. (JK.)

« -
JUL,:

t /

see what next follows.

U*y The i~}, (AZ, Al.u-1-Hojjaj El-Aalam,

JK, S, K,) or a-^li, (Abu-1-' Abbas El-Ahwal,
TA,) [both of which signify the gore,] of a shirt,
(AZ, S, K,) or of a garment; (JK;) or the
*-oj±-i is longer than the iJ : (Seer, TA :) and
any piece that it added in a garment or a
leathern bucket to widen it: (Abu-1-Hajjaj El-
Aalam, TA:) or, accord, to IDrd, the j^ujUo
of a shirt: (TA : [but this is app. a mistranscrip-
tion for its sing. ^ajj^.i, q. v., a dial. var. of

' • Alt

*+j*> :]) or the oV*"- [° r opening at the. neck
and bosom] of a shirt: (K :) O^f- > 8 prefixed to
ALjJI in a verse of Jereer, governing the latter
in the gen. case, to show that both these words
have the same meaning: (TA :) *<UU/, also, sig-
nifies the same as ii^ ; (JK, K ; [in the latter
of which it is mentioned in such a manner
as perhaps to denote that it has only the last
of the significations above ; but I think that
this restriction is not meant;]) and its pi. [or
rather the coll. gen. n.] is ♦ Jit : (Ibn-'Abbad,

TA :) Th mentions J^jU^ and jl», and says that

the latter is a pi. pi.; [i. e., pi. of the former;]

but this is unintelligible : (TA :) JjU^ is pi. of

•- - * . ' . ,

iiw, (JK,8,&c.,) and syn. with u^ij^i- (JK.)

AZ cites, from Mejnoon,

i _ ff * • #•! I r ^# m

JJUJIy-^ljIjjI^&l^

(S, IB,) which is an inverted phrase ; the mean-
ing being,

ii~o; citing another verse, in which a shirt is
described as having white JmU/. (TA.)

• 'it' t •- # .

I A quiver that is widened : (Ibn-
'Abbad, TA :) or in the upper part of which is
added what resembles a ii~v, to enlarge it. (A,
TA.) _ J£ Si£> M wide road. (TA.)

iiy*+ u°j\ t Land joined (eiyey) to other
land, like as the i*-o of a shirt is joined. (ISd,

TA.) And hylo Ijlii, (JK,) or ^jfji-W i>>C«>
(TA,) J[A desert, or a desert in which is no
water, tec.,] joined to another. (JK, TA.)

jr4

• -.

>V< or>/

U^f : see &\, in art. .-^.

* m *^

, and ^t or^l; and U*^i for

y

u^»

[Z/tAs <u <Ae buttons of the shirt draw together
the gores : if the last word mean the gores] : or,
if the iitri of the shirt be really its uW*-, the
meaning is intelligible [without inversion]; for
its oWj<r> i* tne P art around the neck, upon which
are sewed the buttons ; and when one desires to
draw it together, he puts its buttons into the loops,
and so draws together the bosom [of the shirt,
with its buttons,] to the uppermost part of the
chest (IH, TA.) A boo- Amr Esh-Sheybanee ex-
plains Jt3U*)l, here, as meaning the loops into
which the buttons are inserted; and accord, to
this explanation the meaning is plain, not re-
quiring the supposition of inversion nor of devia-
tion from the usual way: but the first explanation
is that which is generally given. (TA.) In the
saying,

[in the last word of which, 5 is elided ; lit., Some-
times I go forth early in the morning, when the
time hat a ii^y;] Lth says that the whiteness
of the dawn is likened to the whiteness of the

1. W, aor. '

see art ^^j.

• • • "

^jj\, held by some to be originally yo :

yo : see. art

HU

8

'■'. }

see art. iW-

tr*

L »U/, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. - , (M, Msb,) and * ,
but the former is the more common, (M,) [or
rather the only form commonly known,] inf. n.

!U/ (T, S, M, Mgh, K) and W (T, and TA as
from the M [but it is not in the transcript of the
M in the TT]) and .-o and ,j£v and i-u and
*iW, (M, K,) He built it ; framed it ; constructed

it ; contr. of <u> jjk ; (M, K ;) namely, a house,
(S, Mgh, Msb,) or tent, (S,» Msb,) &c. ; (Msb ;)

as also t «U^I, (S, M, Msb, K.) and ♦ ill# ; (M,
K ;) or the last has teshdeed given to it to denote
muchness, or frequency, or repetition, of the
action, or its application to many objects; and

hence you say, \jyei ^t [He built palaces, or
pavilions : or he raited them high : sec the pass,
part n. below]. (S, TA.) AHn speaks of a kind

of plank as being used l >i-JI ;U^ ^ [in the con-

struction of ships] : but "Xj is originally used
only in relation to that which does not grow ; as
stone, and clay, and the like. (M.) You say
also, tbjl ^i, for j^ojl (J i^t [He built in, or

upon, land]. (Mgh.) [Hence,] dJUkt ^yU. ^j,

(T, S, M, Msb, K,) or 43ljIT ^J*, (Mgh,) and
\t ,^ also, (M, Mgh, Msb, K,) accord, to IDrd
(Mgh, Msb) and I J, (M,) and occurring in tradi-
tions and elsewhere, though said in the S to be
vulgar, (IAth, MF,) and said to be so by ISk,
(T. Msb,) and by some said to be not allowable,
(M,) but the former is the more chaste, (Msb,)
inf. n. tU/; (S,TA;) as also t^l, (K.) i.e.
l^A* ^1, (ISk, Msb,) or ^ ^1, (I J, M,)
He had his wife conducted to him on the occasion
of the marriage : (ISk, T, S, Msb, K :) or he
went in to hit wife [for the first time] : (Mgh,

[Book I.

Msb:) originating from the fact that the bride-
groom used, on that occasion, to pitch a tent for
her, (ISk, T, S, Mgh, Msb,) a new tent, (Mgh,
Msb,) and furnish it with what was requisite,
(Msb,) or a new tent was set up for him, (Mgh,
Msb,) in honour of him. (Msb.) [See also c-~>.]
_i;lo is sometimes used in relation to nobility :
(M, K :) and the verb thus used is ,yv, as above,
(T, M,) having [also] ^i; for its inf. n., (IAar,
T,) and !U^ ; held by many to be tropical, but by
some to be proper. (MF.) Lehecd says,

(M) And He (namely, God,) hath built for us a
house of nobility of lofty pitch, and its (the
tribe's) middle-aged and its youth have risen to
it : i. e., all of them have attained to high degrees.

(EM, p. 180.) iSS* ^ It (food) fattened

hit body, (K,) and made it large : (TA :) and
i^'^,jT,M,K,) aor. ,,(TA,) inf.n. fo,
(M,) or {J*, (TA,) It (food) made his flesh to
grow, (T, M, K,) and to become large. (T, TA.)
— ^^a-jJI ^j He reared, brought up, or educated,
the man ; (M, K ;) as also V »UJ|. (M.) _ [ L -^
<UJL^», inf. n. SU/, He formed a word. — And
He made a word indeclinable, so as to end invari-
ably with a quiescent letter or with a particular

vowel.] I+im iUf [when the former word is con-

* * ' '* .

sidcred as the inf. n. of the- pass, form ^i, gene-
rally] signifies A word's keeping always the same
mode of termination, ending with a quiescent
letter or with a particular vowel, not by reason
of any governing word: (M,K:) as though the
word resembled a fixed, immoveable building.

J it * * t # J

(M.) [You say, ^^CJI ^jJLc c-~o It was made
indeclinable, with a quiescent letter for its termi-
nation; and pSii\ ^y* with fet-h for its termina-
tion; &,c And in like manner you say, ^^

;UI ,-U- 5»v-aaJI, &c, lie made the ij^<l to
have w>, &c, fur Us rhyme-letter, or its chief
rhyme-letter.] sl*^ j^Jl* ^yUl O-i/ The bow
clave to its string (T, S, K) so that it (the latter)
almost broke. (T, S.) [Sec tl»e part. n. below.]

2 : sec 1, first sentence.

4. »U^I He made him to build, frame, or con-
struct, a house, or tent : (S :) or he gave him a

building : or he gave him that wherewith to build

**f i
a house : (M, K :) and Uj oL^I he gave him a

house, or tent, \o build or frame or construct.

(T.) It is said in a prov., ^J~3 ^jjj ^3 ^jAjl

[Goats rend, or make holes, and render vacant,

and do not afford materials for fabricating tents] ;

i. e., they do not yield hair of which a tent is

fabricated; (T, S;*) for the tents of the Arabs

[of the desert] are of the kind called t-iUJa, made

of skin, and <u>a-1, made of wool or of camels' fur,

and not ofjxiit [by which is especially meant goats'

hair], (S,) or, as is found in the handwriting of

Aboo-Sahl, of wool or of skin : (TA :) or the

meaning is, goats rend tents, or pierce them with

holes, by their leaping upon them, (T and S in

art. >v~s) so that they cannot be inhabited, (S in

that art.,) and do not aid in the fabrication of

tents; for the goats of the Arabs of the desert

Book I.]

have short hair, not long enough to be spun ;
whereas the goats of the cold countries, and of the
people of the fertile regions, have abundant hair,
and of this the Akrad [or Kurdees] fabricate their
tents. (T.)— [Hence,] He introduced him to
his wife [on the occasion of his marriage] : whence
the saying of 'Alee, ^ ^J^, accord, to IAth

properly meaning yjfr-i}^ \£^ ijr**^- 3 lT*
[ When wilt thou make me to have my wife con-
ducted to me? or, to go in to my wife?]. (TA.)

5. iZv'." 1 , said of a woman sitting, (T, TA,) She
became like a tent (T, IAth, £,• TA) of the hind
called Jul*. ( T » TA i) »- e -» a *** of shin; by reason
of her fatness, (T, IAth,TA,) and largeness, (T,
TA,) or fleshiness: (IAth,TA:) or she parted
her legs; as though from SU«*, i. c. a ii of skin,
which, when pitched, is spread out by the ropes :
bo this woman, sitting cross-legged, spread apart
her legs. (T,TA.) And l _ J l3, said of a camel's
hump, It became fat. (M.)«»0L3 He adopted
him as a son : (S, £ :) or he asserted him to be,
or claimed him as, a son : (M :) and a~> ^y-5
signifies the same. (Zj, TA.)

8. jji^l: see 1, in three places, s Also It
became built, framed, or constructed. (Mtjb.)

C-^ ; pi. oUv : fern, of &\, which sec, in three
places.

1

sec !U>.

jjjjj] sUJ, (IB,TA,) the former of which words
is incorrectly written in the K C»Wi (TA,) A girl
whose flesh has been made to grow and become
large : (IB, K, TA : [in the CK, i^-i is errone-
ously put for <Ly.,« :]) or, accord, to a learned
scholiast, this is a mistake of IB, and the meaning
is sweet in odour; i. e. sweet in the odour of the
flesh. (TA.)

• «, *• ** **

OU/ : pi. of c~irf; and sometimes of ^t = scc^l.

£)£ : pi. of ^t, which see below.

1& : see ;U>.

LL> A form, mode, or manner, of building or
framing or construction ; a word like i~i* and
a.i» . (T, TA.) [The form, or mode of forma-
tion, of a word.] Natural constitution: as in
the phrase, i^JI r - c * ^ 1 O"^ l Such « one "
sound in natural constitution]. (S.) _ See also

t •

Jri-
a

sco what next follows.

iCy-t Of, or relating to, a son ; rel. n. of ^1 ;
ns also t^l [with I when connected with a pre-
ceding word] : (S, Mfb :) the latter is allowable,
(Msb,) and used by some. (S.) And Of, or
relating to, a daughter; rel. n. of C~^; as also

^ a

'isrt-

(S, M, Msb, ]£ :) the latter accord, to

Yoo ; (S, M ;) but rejected by Sb. (TA.) —
Also Of, or relating to, what are termed Ol^

JjjAsJI, i. e., the small roads that branch off from
the main road. (S.)

yjCl^ and ii W : see what next follows.

JUj [originally an inf. n. : (see 1, first sentence:)
then applied to A building ; a structure ; an edi-
fice;] a thing that is built, or constructed; pi.
i^Jl, and pi. pi. oy : (M, £ :) and *oW
[also] has this meaning; (Msb;) [and is likewise
originally an inf. n. ;] or this signifies a wall;
syn. iuU. ; (S ;) or it may be a pi., [or rather a
coll. gen. n., meaning buildings, structures, edifices,
or walls,] of which the sing, [or n. un.] is T *iWi
and as such may be mnsc. and fern. : (Er-Itiighib,
TA :) ♦ &~^ and t i^ also signify [the same as
*U; as explained above ; or] a thing that one has
built, framed, or constructed ; (M,K;) or,accord.
to some, the former of these two relates to objects
of the senses, and the latter to objects of the mind,
to glory or honour or the like ; (MF, TA ;) and
their pis. are 1^ and ♦^ ; (K ;) or, accord,
to the S and M, these two appear to be sings. ;
(TA ;) [or they may be pis. or sings. ; for J says

that] ^yJI is like ,^1 ; one says, *& and ^,

•'» * •'*

and ifjj and ^ ; (S ;) [and ISd says that] 1&

and *& signify as above, and so ^4 and ^ ;
or, accord, to Aboo-Is-hak, ^ is pi. of i& ; or
it may be used by poetic licence for tUy : (M :)
accord, to I Aar, .yv signifies buildings, or struc-
tures, of clay : and also [tents] of wool; (T;)
and JU; likewise signifies a tent (M, TA) in which
the Arabs of tlie desert dwell, in the desert, (TA,)
such as is called .Li. ; (M, TA ;•) and ot^ and
<LJ and •»■&* are names applied to dwellings of
the Siimo kind ; (TA ;) pi. «L^I : (M :) the move-
able dwelling, such as the i^A, and iUi* and
y\Lli and Ji'j-' and the like, is called *W as
l>cing likened to the building of burnt bricks and
of clay and of gypsum. (M.) [Sec also 3*^.]
__ Also The roof, or ceiling, of a house or
chamber or the like ; as in the If ur [ii. 20],
&/ i\Jli\} lilji Ji>'})\ 'J& J»»- y£& [Who Iiath
made for you the earth as a bed, and the heaven
as a roof, or ceiling] : (S, [but wanting in some
copies,] and Jcl :) so says AZ : (S :) or the
meaning here is, as a tent (*-») pitched over you.
(Bd.) And The body, with the limbs or mem-
bers. (TA.) And i.q. *Li [A thing tltat is

spread on the ground to serve as a table for food
,j-c, made of leather-; like SU**] : occurring in a
trad., where it is mentioned as spread on the
ground, on a day of rain, for Mohammad to pray
upon : so says Sh. (T.)

^/, [said to be] originally y&, A little son ;
[used as a term of endearment;] (Msb;) dim. of
^1. (S,Mgh,Msb.) You say, ^sj C. and ^ C
[0 my little son, or O my child], with kesr to th^
^ and with fet-h also ; like as you say, c^l U
and Cyi [which see in art. jjt, voce «,»l]. (Fr,
S, ]£.) [The fern, is a^ A little daughter; dim.
of si~L>. And hence,] __ Jij&i\ olL The small

201

roads that branch off from the main road; (§;)
what are termed oUyJt. (S, K .) __ The Arab*
say, ^ffUJI ^ JiP'j meaning Jiji\ is like ^J*J\.
(IAar, ISd.)

l£ Sonship : (Lth, Zj, S, M, Msb, ^ :) [it may
be originally ijyj, for Az says, app. on the autho-
rity of Zj,] it is not a decisive proof that the last
radical is J( since they say lyi, though the dual
[of the word from which this is derived] is £&i ;
(T ;) [and ISd says that] iyf is thus because of
the dammeh. (M.)

i£j| [properly The building, like iUJI &c. : but
particularly applied to] the Kaabth ; (S, M, £ ;)
because of its nobleness. (M, R.) One says,

Lord of this building (tho Kaalwh), such and such
things were not]: (S, TA:) and this was a com-
mon form of oath. (TA.) The Koahch is also
called > U*!^' ^i [The building of Abraham] ;
because he built it. (TA.)

"A' . . .

!Ui A builder ; [meaning one whose business ts
that of building ;] an architect. (M.) [See alto
what next follows.]

OW [Building, framing, or constructing] :
accord, to A'Obcyd, its pi. is IU/1 ; and in like
manner, SU^.1 is pi. of ,jV : an ^ hence tho prov.,
U]uj»l t*JM, (M,) or UJU? UJui-t, i. e. The
injurers thereof, meaning this house (jtjjl »j*), by
demolishing it, are the builders thereof. (S in art.
^f.) ISd says, I am of opinion that these two
pis. arc not used except in this prov. : and J says,
in art. ^ji*., I think that the prov. is originally
(Jill V3U*. ; but IB affirms that it is not so : and
he says that the prov. is applied to him who docs,
or makes, a tiling without consideration, and
commits a fault therein, which ho repairs by
undoing what he has done or made : it originated
from the fact that the daughter of a certain king
of El-Yemen, during his absence on a military
expedition, built, by the advice of others, a house,
which he, disliking it, commanded them to demo-
lish. (TA in art. ^y^. [See also Freytag** Arab.
Prov. i. 294.]) — A bridegroom : from ,^1* ^
<dil [q. v.]. (TA.) And hence, Any one going
in to his wife. (S, TA.) — VW J£ A **»»
cleaving to its string (T, S, M, ^) to tltat it (the
latter) almost breaks; (T,8,M;) the doing of
which is a fault ; (M ;) conrr. of i5lj [q. v.] :

(S and M in art. o*i and B0 * *^ C*t M > $)
in the dial, of Te«y« : (T, M :) or the latter signi-
fies widely separate from Us string [like iivj].
(TA.)

ICC : see ^ Also, (in [some of] the copies

of the £ erroneously written CjUO, TA,) A man
tending himself over his bow-string when shooting.

(M, ¥..) And Small J? [or arrows], (M and

TA in art. ,>*.)

LilJ fern, of oW [<1- v -l A,so Bin e- of Oly»

(TA,) which signifies Tho ribs of [the breast, or
of the part thereof called] the jA j : (If, £ :) or
the bones of tlie breast: or the shouUer-hludes

282

and the four legs: (TA:) and the legs of a she-
camel. (M , K.) One says, [likening a man to a
camel lying down,] *&\yt jJUl, meaning lie took
up hit abode, and fettled, (T, M, K,) in a place ;
likeiu*^'?. (T,M.) yiy >l!)l Ju\ [mean-
ing Syria became in a settled state] occurs in a
trad, aa related by A'Obeyd: and if he said
*£\yt , it would be allowable ; £$\yi being pi. of

O V> ['• <"• u'v or uV>] wn ' cn > 8 a name for
any tent-pole except in the middle of the c*j,
which has three poles. (T.) And it is said in
another trad., \&\yi i>^> iU-JI ^Ji\, meaning
The shy cast down the rain that it contained.
(TA.)

• •
i>^1, meaning A son; (M, Mgh,K;) because

he is the father's building, made to be so by God ;
(Er-Raghib, TA ;) and J a son's son ; and : a
descendant more remote; (Msb;) is with a con-
junctive I [when not immediately preceded by a
quiescence, written ^f]; (Zj, T, M ;) [and when
immediately preceded by the proper name of a
man and immediately followed by the proper
name of his parent, written without the I, as in
3j+* CM J>iJ Zeyd the son of 'Amr (in which
case it should also be observed that the former
proper name is without tenwecn) ; unless the
words compose a proposition, as in 3j+-~- CM^ j^j
Zeyd is the son of 'Amr ; or in the case of an
interrogation, as in jj+e ^1 jkjj J* Is Zeyd
the son of 'Amr 7] : the pi. is *,j^ (T, 8, Mgh,
Msb) in the nom. case, and i^ in the accus.
and gen.; (Mgh;) and £$, (T, 8,M, Mgh, Msb,
K!,) which is a pi. of pauc : (Msb :) [and hence
it is argued that] the sing, is of the measure jib
with the final radical letter elided and the con-
junctive I prefixed ; (M ;) originally ^/, (M, K,)
with fj, aa we judge, because [the aor.] .-i^ is
more common than j~-> : (M :) or originally yj,
(8, Msb, K,) with two fct-hahs, because it has
dyi for a pi., and the perfect pi. does not admit
of change [in its vowels beyond that which is here
made in Cjyi '° r Uiy*] i (Msb;) and because it
has for a pi. fl^l, like as J^. has J Wl ; (8 ;)
and the elided letter is ^, (Akh, T, 8,) as in v'
and » I, ($,) because _} is more commonly elided
than ^g ; (Akh, T ;) or because the fern, is c- ^j
and [ilrat of £-1 is] Ci.1 ; for we do not see this »
[or O] affixed in the fern, except when _j is elided
in the masc., as is shown by Ol»».l and OlyJi ;
(8 ;) though iyif is not a decisive proof that the
last radical is j, for a reason stated above in the
explanation of it: (T:) or, as some say, it is
originally y\f, with kesr to the. ^», like J^»-,
because they say C^, and a change [of a vowel]
in a case of this kind is rare: (Msb:) [but J
says,] it may not be of the measure Jjti nor J*4,
because it has OrW '"'h fet-fc to the <*£ for a pi. ;
nor of tlie measure Jji», because this has [gene-
rally] for its [broken] pi. J**l or JyU : (8 :) Zj
•ays that it is originally ^ or £i, or it may be
originally L/ ; that it is app. the last accord, to

those who say Ciy-i > and that IUjI may be pi. of

the measure Jjo and of Jjo ; that c~i favours

its being of the latter; but that it may be of the

• »» •• *..

measure J*» changed to J*», as J«» is changed
« • * • • t

to J*i in the case of c-a.1. (T.) Beside the pis.

mentioned above, ^1 has a quasi-pl. n., namely
▼^1, of the same measure as ^^1 ; (Mgh, TA ;•)
a sing, denoting the pi. : or, as some say, ^jj\ has
for pis. !LM and ^j^l. (TA.) Lh mentions the
phrase, ^U/l L*l ?)y\ [or^t^l ^1 These are
the sons of their sons]. (M.) Sometimes > is
affixed to ^t [so that it becomes ~^-f\ or ^t at

the beginning of a sentence, and 1^/\ or _^\ in
other cases] : the word is then doubly declinable

[like }j*\ or \j+\] : you say,^t IJdk [This is a
son], and U-^l w^lj [I saro a son], an<l ^jIj Oj^
[/ passed by a son] ; making the ^J similarly
declinable to the j>; and the I is with kesr in
every case [when the word commences a sentence,
whether you make the word doubly declinable or
not]: (AHeyth,*S:) [for] some make it singly
declinable, leaving the ^j with fet-^i in every case

[as the j in \f\ or tj^l] ; saying, JJL«^I I M [This
is thy son], and «ii^l Oot; [/ saw thy son], and
•ii^lL/ Ojj* [I passed by thy son]. (AHeyth,
TA.) Hassdn says,

Iff* LT^'J iVLMi * L5^ b ^ *

[We begot the sons of El-'Anka, and the two sons
of Moharrih ; and how generous are we as a
maternal uncle! and how generous are we as a
son!], (S, K,*) i. e., U^t: the>» is augmentative,
and the hemzch [or rather \] is that of conjunction.
(K.) And Ru-beh says,

• *Ue^lj yj^KS?* L5V* * UtJ- <Z>-*> t^J I** *

[As the weeping of a bereft woman, who has lost
a relation, therefore she calls out, With my
father would I ransom thee, and a son] ; meaning
C4l". (TA.) The fern, of ^1 is * iL'l or 2$
[with the conjunctive I when not commencing a
sentence] and *Cw [meaning A daughter; and
t any female descendant] : (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb,
IjC :) accord, to Sb, (M,) i^t is formed from r#\
by affixing a [or 3] ; but not so <^~y ; for this is
formed by affixing ^ as a letter of quasi-coordi-
nation, and then substituting for it O : (M, K :)
[but if the O be substituted for ^j, it seems more
probable that the ^J is the final radical :] or, as
some say, the O is substituted for ^ : (M :) [Mtr
says,] the O is substituted for the final radical :
(Mgh :) accord, to Ks, it is originally with » [or
S], because it has a fem. meaning : (IAar, Msb :)
[my own opinion is most agreeable with this of
Ks; and with that of Zj, which will be mentioned
below ; or, perhaps, is identical with that of Zj :
I think it most probable that, as ^1 is generally

held to be originally .y^ or yj, so 2j^\ and
are both originally i^ or iy^, and that
ia formed from 3u/\ by suppressing the alif,
transferring its kesreh to the ^>, making the Q

[Boos L

quiescent, and changing the » into O, which ia
therefore said to be not the sign of the fem.
gender, either because it is not », but is a sub-
stitute for », or because it is preceded by a quies-
cent letter:] AHn says that the O is substituted
for the final radical letter, which is ^ ; and that it
is not the sign of the fem. gender, because the
letter [next] before it is quiescent : this [he says]
is the opinion of Sb, and is the right opinion ;
for he says that if you were to use it as the proper
name of a man, you would make it perfectly
dccl. ; and if the O were to denote the fern,
gender, the name would not be perfectly decl. :

(TA :) and the same is said respecting the O in
• • 1

c-i-l : (TA in art. yi.\ :) this O remains in a

case of pause (Ks, IAar, S, Msb) as in the caso
of the connexion of the word with a word follow-
ing: (S:) but one should not say c-^l, (Th, T,
8.) because the I is required only on account of
the quiescence of the » T », and is therefore dropped
when this is made movent: (S:) Zj says that, in
forming the pi. of OJv [nnd of <U#I], the sing,
is reduced to its original form, which is iJLai [as
I find it written in the transcript from the T in
the TT, but it may be a mistake for &i*i,] with
the last radical letter suppressed: (T in TT:)
the pi. is i>U/ (T, S, Msb) alone : (S :) [and
this is generally treated as a fem. pi. of the
perfect, or sound, kind, although the O in £*it
is said to be not a sign of the fem. gender; so
that you say, JUL/ CjIj / saw thy daughters;
but sometimes] one says, iJUlIJ w~>lj, with fet-Ji
[as the case-ending], treating the O as a radical
letter. (S.) It is said in the Biiri' that when
men and women are mixed together, the masc.
pi. is made predominant; so that one says, y\f
C&i [meaning The sons and daughters, or the
children, of such a one] ; and even, ,vi ^y» e\^>\
jtt*3 [A woman of the chililren of Tcmcem]; and
accordingly, if £/$■» y* is applied to denote the
persons to whom a legacy is loft, the males and the
females arc included therein. (Msb.) ___ When
^1 is applied to that which is not a human being,
(lAmb, Msb,) to an irrational being, (Msb,) it
has for its pi. oW: (lAmb, Msb :) thus the pi.

m * " J •

of^iL^ ^\ [A young male camel in his second

* + *

year] is ^iU^, O^: (Mgh, Msb :) that of ^1

(^>*J [A male camel that has entered upon hi*

', . i. i .. '

third year] is Cjyi Cil^ : (Msb :) and that of

• - i • *

u-J»i C#l [Anyone of the stars of tlie tail of Ursa

Major or of that of Ursa Minor] is ^£j6 OU/;
but sometimes, by poetic licence, ,_£** *y : and
hence, or to make a distinction between the males
and the females, the lawyers say, CjyJJ\ **/.
(IAmh, MKb.)_*oL/ also signifies I Dolls with
which young girls play : (S,Mgh,JC:) sing. C^.
(Mgh.) It occurs in this sense in a trad., in
which 'Aishch speaks of her playing therewith
(S, Mgh) when, being nine years of age, she was
conducted as a bride to Mohammad. (Mgh.)_
i^l is often prefixed to some other noun (T, M,
Msb) that particularizes its signification, because of
a close connexion between tlie two meanings:
(Msb :) and so is t ^. (T, M.) [Most of the

Book I.]

compounds thus formed will be found explained
in the arts, to which belong the nouns that occupy
the second place. The following are among the
more common, and are therefore here mentioned,
aa exs. of different kinds.] — O-JWI ,jv) [The
ton of earth, or clay, meaning] Adam. (T.)
j3tj| ^1 and JtjLi\ 0*\ The thief, or robber.
(T.) Also the former, The wayfarer, or traveller;
(Er-Raghib, TA ;) and so J-^-JI C*\. (Msb,
Er-Raghib.) SjL Jtfl A warrior : (Er-Righib,

TA:) and v^*-" C*' [**> warrior; or] he who
suffices for war, and who defends. (Msb.) ^>»l

Oil The rich man. (Msb.) — ^\ o*\ [The

* * *
jackal;] a certain beatt of prey. (TA.) ^jf- &\

in I* * '•

The «T»y>- [° r weasel]. (TA.) — ^j>\ &\ A

skin for water or milk made of one hide ; and

Oc+>y Ctfl one made of two hides; and Sj^J ^1
-. „ ' '.. t.»

«Lol on« made of three hides. (T.) —_ J-»JI iifl

TA« erAo. (T.) — ^ OW and J> «£>Uj and
»-^ C»Uy and i>jjl CiW Calamities, or «i(-
fortunes. (T.)_ . Ru-beh said of a man who
was mentioned to him, j-wl—o Oli/ j^-**'} O^
oil; as though he asserted that lie was one of
the pebbles of the mosque [or rather of the mosques
of God]. (S.)

i^.1 or i^l : fem. of ^i, which sec.

•■»• • •'*. *"? ■ *'*f* * *• •

j&\ and ^.A/l, or j^\ and .^l : see ^1, in

three places.

jji^l : quasi-pi. n. of ^t, which see.

It I -

^hsee^.

Ugjbt. for l»^l : see a verse cited voce ^1.

^^1 [an unused, or unusual, dim. of ^1] : see
what next follows.

*J •'* . . ,.

^i\, of the same measure as ja&\, is the dim.

of [j$\, which is like ( _ y Ul, (Sb, IB, Mgh,) and
is quasi-pl. of ^1. (Mgh.) Mohammad is re-

lated, in a trad., to have said, S^*. \yfi ^ ^^t
J , * ii *LLj iJ±. <UUH [ O little (meaning dear)
sons, cast not ye the pebble of the Aliabeh (see
Sj+tf) until the sun rise], (TA,) or bJI iJ yt\ [O
my little sons &c] : (Mgh, TA :) TAtli says that
the hemzeh is augmentative ; and that there are
differences of opinion respecting the form of the
word and its meaning: some say that it is the
dim. of ,-5$, like ^y**!, a sing, word denoting a
pi. meaning, or, accord, to some, a pi. of £j&,
as well as "tol : some say that it is the dim. of
^1 ; [and if so, we must read ^,^1 my little
son;] but this requires consideration [more espe-
cially as it is followed by a pi. verb] : AO says
that it is the (Baa of ^, pi. of ^1 with the
affixed pronoun of the first pers. [sing.] ; and this
requires us to read ^^1. (TA.) J says, in the
§, that the dim. of £$ [pi. of ^1] is *!l^l, and,
if you will, " Oyvi^i au " " e Cltc3 a veree ln

- *4 .
which occura the expression ^X-^.1, [in the gen.

case, meaning thy little sons,] and adds, it is as

though its sing, were ^1 , with the disjunctive I,

whence tho dim. *£*& in the pi. Oy*$ '• butne
should have said, as though its sing, were ^1,
like J+\, originally yjl. (IB, TA.)

, \". ] ■ )

' \ see what next precedes.

SUlo (T,S,M,K) and iu!U (M,K) A fL
[like !W, which see for an explanation] : (S, M,
K :) and a £-» [i. e. curtain or </te like] : ($. :)
or a t/it'm/ M the form ofajl*'. (M :) or a [<e«*
o/"/Ae Atnd caZ/cd] <C»» »»arfe of skins, or At</«:
(IAar, T :) or a rAtn^ of skins, or Aicfe*, q/" like
form to the sl», which a woman places in, or at,
the side of her tent (t^ j— £> ,j»), and in which
she dwells ; and may-be she has sheep, or goats,
and is content with the possession of these, ex-
clusively of the other sheep, or goats, for herself
and her garments [and app. for making of their
skins her »U-»] ; and she has a covering ( j'jl)
[extended] in the middle of the C~jrf [or tent],
within, to protect her from the heat, and from the
violent rain, so that she and her clothes are not
wetted: (Aboo-'Adnan, T:) or, accord, to As, a
mat ( ««■■•■), or a 7uaJ> which the trafficker
spreads upon the things that he sells: and they
used to put the mats (^aaJt) upon the cUail [pi.
of %Li], and go round about with them [in the

market] : the »U«o is thus called because it is made
of skins joined together: (T:) also a receptacle of
the kind catted i^-c : (M, J£ :) such is said to be
its meaning : (S :) pi. oW*« (T.)

^y* [Built, &c. : see 1]. Z~~» ^oj\ means

\^S rV,« ^«ijt [Land built in or upon] ; and is
deemed a chaste phrase. (Mgh.)

■ rt Raised high; applied to a palace, or
pavilion". (M,TA.)

ijZjt [pass. part. n. of »U^I] is used in the
place of the inf. n. [of that verb, agreeably with
many other instances, or accord, to a common
licence], meaning The act of building, framing,
or constructing. (TA.)

1. y V, and ty, (AZ, S, Mgh, K,) [aor. -' ,]

and '£t, (K,) [aor. '- ,] inf. n. J-v and J^j (AZ,
S.K) and f£; (K;) and <v t V^' J (Aboo-
Sa'eed,TA;) He was, or became, sociable, friend-
ly, or familiar, with him, or it; (AZ,S,Mgh,EL;)
namely, a man, (AZ, S,) or a tiling ; (Mgh;) and
loved, or liked, his, or its, nearness : ( Aboo-Sa'eed,
TA :) and he became familiar with it so as to
have little, or no, reverence for it, or awe of it.
(Mgh, TA.) «y \yrf occurs in a trad., as they
relate it, for <v \}£i : (A 'Obeyd, TA :) and
♦^jy*^, in a verse of El-Aashk, for ^g^.. (As,

O, TS, L.) —. <0 olyy U I did not understand

263

it i or I did not nnom it; (ISk,§,£;) as also
JooiWU. (ISk,S.)
8 : see 1, in two places.

\\i iSU A she-camel familiar with, or accus-
tomed to, her milker; (As,S;) that offers no op-
position to him. (I£.) ■ \i as syn. with
belongs to art. y^. (S, &c.)

1. c~,\, (S,Msb,K,&c.,) the most chaste form
of the verb in the sense here following, (§, TA,)
and that which most commonly obtains, and tho
only form allowed by Th and I£t ; (TA ;) and
oy', (§, L, Msb, £,) aor. *; (M?b, £;) and

ȣ4i> (?, L,Msb,^,) in which the dammch is
said to give intensiveness to the signification, as
in J4-JJ1 '*&, (TA,) aor.-'; (Msb, $ ;) ^and
Cv, aor. '- (IjjL) and -; (TA;) inf. n. C^';
(JK, 1^ ;) He was, or became, confounded, per-
plexed, or amazed, and unable to see his right
course; (JK.S, Msb,l£;) not knowing what to
prefer nor what to postpone : (TA in art. jlA :)
he looked at a thing that he saw with a look of
wonder : (A, TA :) he was, or became, affected
with wonder: (JK:) he was, or became, cut
short, (ikivli K, TA,) and was silent, being con-
founded, or perplexed, and unable to see his
right course : (TA :) he (an adversary in a dis-
pute or litigation) was overcome by an argument,
an allegation, or a plea. (L.) All theso forms
occur in different readings of tho saying in tho
Kur [ii. 200], >£> ,jJS\ <L£ and «i^i &c.,
(IJ,TA,) explained in'tho Wee as meaning,
And he who disbelieved remained in confusion, or
perplexity, not seeing his right course, looking as
one in wonder: (Lb,TA:) but accord, to him

who reads c4«*> *« word \J^ m8V no,< * tno
place of a noun in the accus. case [as will

be seen from what follows]. (IJ,TA.) = a^,
aor. - , (S, Msb,) inf. n. o4i, (S, K.) He, or it,
caused him to become confounded, perplexed, or
amazed, not seeing his right course: (Zj, Msb :
[Golius, on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof, assigns
tliis meaning to • *^ :]) or took him unawares,
or by surprise, or unexpectedly, or suddenly. (§,
K.) Zj cites as an ex. of the former meaning tho

saying in the Kur [xxi. 41], jt^fk i^t^Xi,
i. c., It shall come upon them suddenly, or un-
awares, and caune them to become confounded-,
&c. : (TA : and so Bd and Jel explain it :) or,
and shall overcome them: (Bd:) J cites the samo
as an ex. of the latter of the two meanings in the
preceding sentence; but his doing so requires
consideration; for the meaning which ho gives
is taken from the word iSht ; not from C^JI.
(MF, TA.) [But it is said also that] ai*C» [inf. n.
of *<L*L>] signifies The taking, or coming upon,
[one] unawares, by surprise, or unexi>ectedly.

(JK.) i^-', aor. - , (S, A, K, &c.,) inf. n. <z*£

and C-^j and O^W» (?> K>) or tn c last is a simple
subst., (Msb,) He calumniated him; slandered
him; accused him falsely ; said against him that
which he had not done: (S, A,K:) [or he did
so in such a manner as to make one to be con-
founded, or perplexed, or amazed, at the falsity

804

of the charge, and not to see hit right course :
(see O^rtt below :)] he lied against him ; forged
a lie, or liet, against him ; and t. q. ,_>»iflW eXfi
[he accused him to his face falsely, or with false-
hood] ; (TA ;) si^JI signifies C* JJU*' itiuull
<*» J4> [<% accusing thy brother, or fellow, to
hit face, of that which it not in him] : (JK :)
and 1^, aor. - , inf. n. Cy, he accused her
faltely of adultery; and forged a lie against her.
(Msb.) [See also *JUil.] In the saying of Abu-
n-Ncjm,

[Revile thou the mother-in-law, and calumniate
her, or forge lies against her], ^^U is [said by
J to bo] redundant, or pleonastic ; for one does
not say, *& -i-W, but only ££. (g.) Upon
this, F says, in the K, that t^U ^Q [thus in
the K] is a mistake ; that J is in error, and that
the right reading is l^ ^,£0, with £ : but
this assertion made by F depends upon the autho-
rity of relaters of the verse in which the word in
question occurs. (MF.) IB says that ^,^1 may
be here rendered trans, by means of , JL* because
It is syn. with (J>3I, which is so rendered trans.,
in like manner as is done in other instances, of
which he gives an ex. from the Kur [xxiv. 631,
*h»l o* Oo*"*-*. meaning »ja\ &* Q^jiji he
adds that, accord, to J, ^ in this ex. should
be considered redundant ; but that ,j* and L -U
aro not used redundantly like ^t. (TA )
43UI j^* ji_i)l c^yt He removed the stallion
from the she-camel in order that a stallion of
more generous race might cover her. (TA.)
2: seel.

8. a^U, inf. n. i*C : see 1 [Also lie

engaged with him in mutual calumny, slander, or
false accusation: a meaning indicated, but not
expressed, in the A.] You say, iu*L_o U^£
[Between them two it mutual calumniation, kc.]:
and C-Alrfj Cfcli' ,jl *&t* [Hit custom it to
engage with another in mutual scrutiny of secrets,
or faults, or the like, and in mutual calumniation,
kc] : and \£lQ *& * l^*U V [Calumniate ye
not one another, kc, nor hate ye one another on

account of any foul, or «rt7, affair]. (A.)

And He confounded, perplexed, or amazed, him
(namely, his hearer,) by what he forged against
him. (TA.)

6 : sec 3.
• •• • -•»

<Z*tf : see O^rt' ■■ -A. certain well-known kind
of stone. (K.)

*""-*: see £fc*rii ' n two places. ^A certain
sidereal computation, or calculation ; being [that
of] the direct course of start in a day : [in Per-
sian, a planet' t motion in any given time : (John-
son's Pcrs. Arab, and Engl. Diet. :)] thought by
As to be not Arabic. (TA.)

OSv nnd ▼ i^f signify the same [when the
former is used as a subst. ; i.e. A calumny, dan-
der, or false accusation]: (S,A, Msb: [see 1:])
or both signify, the former as explained by Aboo-
Is-hak, and the hitter as explained in the K, a
falsehood by reason of which one it confounded,

or perplexed, and unable to sec his right course ;
(TA; [in which it seems to be indicated thnt
'wv signifies the same ;]) from O^JI as meaning
"the being confounded" kc: (Aboo-Is-hiik,TA:)
the former is a subst. signifying [tilso] a false
accusation of adultery against a woman ; and a
forgery of a lie against her: (Msb:) and * the
latter, [and the former also, simply,] a lying, or
lie, or falsehood ; (K;) and so *c^ (K) and
*o£. (TA.) C^ 0\ j OU^J, in the Kur iv. 24,
is said to mean Faltely accusing of adultery, and
acting in a manifestly sinful or criminal manner:
(Bd:) or it means acting wrongfully kc (Bd,
Jel.) You say, *iLyJ\i »l»j[He accused him with,
or of, calumny, kc..]. (A.) And ♦ii- v -U 0, with
kesr to the [prep.] J, [i. e., O, como to my aid, or
succour, on account of the calumny . ! kc ; for it
is] a phrase used in calling for aid, or succour.
(S.) [And if you would express wonder, you say,
▼fw-U I;, with fct-h to the prep. J, i. c. the
calumny ! kc]
• >-

<Z 'j ti \A great, or frequent, calumniator, slan-
derer, or false-accuser ; as also *ol^, mentioned
in the S only as an epithet applied to him who
calumniates, slanders, or accusely falsely;] an
intensive epithet fromO^H; (iAth;) [i.e.] an
intensive form of the act. part. n. from (jU^JI
[inf. n. of 's^t] : (Mgh :) or t. q. t^Ci . (K ;)
i. e., one who confounds, or perjtlexes, or amazes,
tlte hearer, by w/iat he forges against him : (TA:)
and one who falsely accuses a woman of adultery,
and forges a lie against her : (Msb :) pi. c-^
(IAth, Mgh, Msb, K) and Cy, nnd, accord, to
the K, also C-*^ ; but ISd and MF hold it to be
pi. ofc-*L>, not ofOjyj; the former observing,

a * ™

that a word of the measure J*U is one of those
which have a pi. of the measure JyJ, but not so
one of the measure J^ai ; and that, as to the
saying of A'Obcyd, that vj-i* « pi- of l>jSe, it
is a mistake; for it is only pi. of »_oU, and
the pi. of v^j* "> <▼»•**• (TA. [But sec art.

w-jyj , sec Ojy-,8, in two places.

9' * % *tt

iUfyV : see o^vt) m fi ve places.

• .*• • ■»- • *#-

OVy^ : see O^y/ : sand see 0^y~*.

C~*b : see O^y-o, in two places, s Also act.
part. n. [of *^> ; signifying Causing to become
confounded, kc. : and calumniating, kc :] from
^U,JI: (Mgh:) O^, as mentioned above, is
held by ISd and MF to be a pi. of this word;

* **
not of £jjyi, q. v. (TA.)

"»*>tt* Confounded, perplexed, or amazed, and
unable to see his right course: (S, K :) [other
(similar) meanings may be seen from explanations
ofOy:] accord, to Ks and the S and Sgh and
the K, one should not say ♦ojkC nor ^w^v » but
there is no reason in analogy why he who says
w^v, like j^i and »io, should not say thus :
(TA :) Lb says, in the Expos, of the Fs, that
they said to^ a°d *o£ [which latter is an

[Book I

intensive form] and T C~yj, which [last] may be
considered as having the meaning of the measure
J^a**, hkc Cj}y~», or that of the measure J*U,
like >ijkl/ ; but the former is the more agreeable
with analogy, and the more probable. (MF, TA*)
— Also Calumniated, slandered, or falsely accused.
(S.)

• ■> • ,.

w»*Uo : see ■Cjyyf.

*• f!-W» nor. - , (AZ, S, Msb, kc,) inf. n. Li.\i
(AZ, S. L, K) and i*^ ( AZ, L, [but some seem
to ngiird this as a simjilc Hiibst.,]) and ,j^"rf>
(L,) He, or it, was, or became, beautiful, or
goodly: (AZ, S, L, Msb, K:) or beautiful in
colour: or beautiful and bright or splendid: or
it (a plant) was, or b,-ramc, beautiful and bright;
and he (a man) was, or became, characterized by
a laughing, or happy, appearance of the beautiful
parts of the face, as the cheehs, and the lines of
the forehead : or by the appearance of joy, glad-
ness, or happiness; or by a joyj'ul, glad, or happy,
aspect, or appearance. (L.) You say also, Lyi

' '* . ^-^

OUJI, with kesr, meaning iT/te plant, or herbage,

was, or became, beautiful [kc], (TA, [but this

is probably a tropical signification, from -LyJ in

the sense here following.]) — l^J, (S, A, L,K,)
with kesr, (S,) aor. - , (K,) inf. n. -^ • (L ; ) and
*£W' > (?> -A-i L, Msb, K ;) He was, or became,
J u !lful, glad, or happy. (S, A, L, Msb, K.) You
8ay '^C r '' ( S,A ») nnJ *'; ( T A;) and ♦-^1
*V; (A, Msb;) He rejoiced in it, or at it; or
became rejoiced by it, or at it. (S, A, Msb, TA.)
[Sec also 10.] =x^, (S, K,) aor. - ; (K;) and
*1^' ' (?» A » K ;) the latter of which is the more
approved ; (TA ;) It (a thing, TA, or an afli.ir
or event, S, A) rejoiced; or made joyful, glad, or
happy ; (S, A, K ;) a jK<reon. (S, A.)

ft - • *-

2 - %-H> (!Sd, L,) inf. n. »->y-J, (K,) 7/c tcaa-
tifed; rendered beautiful, or <7fW(//»/. (ISd, L,
K.) ISd says, I have not heard this, except in
the saying of El-'Ajjaj,

as though meaning [Tyrare thou this subject, and]
beautify, or adorn, the more this nobility [already
beautified, or adorned,] by thy describing it. (L.)

3. L^\f, (A,K,) inf. n. iliC, (A,) lie vied,
or competed, with him, or contended with him for
superiority, in beauty, or goodliness; [us expl. in
thcTK; or in glory, or excellence;] syn. aUty
(A, K) and oljly, (K,) both of these meaning the
same. (TA.)

4 : see 1, last sentence. _ voj*)\ *--4 ^*| The
land, or earth, became beautiful, or goodly. (S, L,
K,) or beautiful and bright or splendid, (L,) i»
i7i- plan's, or herbage. (S, L, K.)

"• •^»J>" ff-* 1 * 3 tTVue meadows, or gardens,
became abundant in blossoms or flowers [as though
vying, one with another, in beauty, or goodliness •
see 3]. (K,TA.)

Book 1.]

8: sec 1, in two places.

10. m. y. : .<l i. q. jmj*t\ [i. e. He rejoiced, or
became rejoiced; <u at it, or- by it; or af, or by,

the annunciation of it]. (K.) [Sec also «^.]

* *' • " •

mmyt, fcm. with 5': nee MfV, in two places.

• »

~y Joyful, ylad, or happy; (S,K;) <"» »•«>

t^ (S,A,K) and t^£. (A,TA.)_Sce

»'80^«W-

Beauty, or goodliness : (8, A, L, Msb,
K :) or beauty of colour of a thing: or its beauty
and brightness or tplendour : or in plants or
herbage, beauty and brightness or tplendour ; and
in a man, the laughing, or happy, appearance of
the beautiful part* of the face, a* the checks, and
the lines of the forehead : or the appearance of joy,
gladness, or happiness; or joyfulness, gladness, or
happiness, of aspect or appearance. (L.) You
say AJlc ia-yj Oli Uj « [A meadow, or garden,
o/ surpassing beauty, &c], (A.) And ^J J*.j
«W n » vl m/?» possessed of beauty, or goodliness :
(S :) or »;/" beauty and brightness, ice. (L.) _
Also Happiness, joy, or gladness. (Ham p. 403.)

-_eyV Beautiful, or goodly ; (S, A, L, Msb, K ;)

as also *1^ (Ham p. 403) and *1^': (AZ, TA :)

or beautiful in colour ; or beautiful and bright or
splendid: or, applied to a plant, it has this last
meaning; and, applied to a man, characterized
by a laughing, or happy, abearance of the beau-
tiful parts of the face, as the cheeks, and the lines
of the forehead : or characterized by the appear-
ance of joy, gladness, or happiness; having a
ioyful, glad, or happy, aspect or appearance :

(L:) the fern, epithet is %•£•• (A,K,TA: [in
the CK -.ly**.]) It is applied to a plant, or
herbage, (S, A,) in the Kur xxii. 5 and I. 7. (S.)
And '•"-Vr" ' 8 applied to a woman, as meaning
One in whom beauty, or goodliness, &c, predomi-
nates; (L, TA;) as also *iv£; (TA ;) pi. of
the former, --JkLo: (A, TA:) and to a camel's

hump, meaning 'fat; (A, K;) because beauty,
or goodliness, is combined [in this case] with fat-
ness ; pi. us above. (A, TA.) See also ~yj.

* ■' * ' .

*- V?-° I 8CC x-eytf '" tw0 places.

• *•* •

rri

!• V*. (?, A, Msb,) aor. - , (Msb,) inf. n. „y,
(8, Msb, K,) He overcame him : (S, A, Msb, K:)
Ae overpowered him ; subdued him : (TA :) he
surpassed him; excelled him. (Msb.) See also 3.
You wiy, il__Jl ii"ib Oj^j »S*uoA a woman sur-
passed the [other] women in beauty. (S.) And
jyl [alone] He excelled in knowledge <fc. ; or he
was, or became, accomplished, or perfect, in every
excellence, and in goodliness. (S, K.) And j^
y*il\, (8,K,) or^Jll pUI ^, (TA,) aor. '- ,
(K,) inf. n. j^, (TA,) t The moon overcame with
its light the light of the stars. (8, K, TA.) And
Bk. I.

t^j^t U m+£i\ Cjj^f t T'Ae /u;A< of the sun over-
spread the earth. (TA.) — [Hence,] jyt, aor. - ,
(TA,) inf. n. j^ and jyyt, (K,) I it <Aon<, or
shone brightly: (K,TA:) and ijU-JI *O^J
t TAe r/o«<i «Aon«, or «Aon« brightly. (K.) = «n->,
(8, A,) aor. ; , inf. n. j^, (S.) also signifies t It
(a load, or burden, S, A, and running, A) [caused

him to be out of breath; interrupted his breathing;

$ts
(see jyf ;)] caused to pant, or breathe [shortly

or] uninterruptedly. (S, A.) _ Also, (ISh, JK,

TA,) inf. n. *£*, (K, TA,) + He stopped his

breath by beating, or by squeezing his throat, or

throttling him, or by any other means: (ISh,

*****

TA :) t he plied him, or worked him, (<u»JW,)
until he became out of breath, or until he panted:
(JK, TA:) + he imposed upon him a thing that
was above his power, or ability. (K, TA.) A
poet says,

Verily the niggardly, when thou ashest of him,

thou stoppest his breath. (ISh, TA.) [Hence,]

jy>, i. q. jy^>\, as explained below. (K.) =U^,
(JK,) or ffii \k£t, (TA,) inf. n. ^, (K,) He
reproached her, or accused her, falsely ; (JK;) he
aspersed her; calumniated her; or brought a
false accusation against her. (K, # TA.) You
say, \jSLi U^ He reproached her falsely with, or
accused her falsely of, such a thing. (JK.) [See
also 8.]

3. *»^-i i-».U j*V. (K,* TA,) inf. n. iykti
and j^, (TA,) [aor. of the latter verb, accord, to
rule, ' , not - ,] He contended, or disputed, or
vied, with his companion for glory, or superiority,
or excellence, and overcame him. (K»* TA.)

4. fyi\ He did, or effected, or Ac «n'<i, or
uttered, what was wonderful ; syn. ^- * . *) lt ilaL.
(K.)

5 : see 1.

7. j^\, (S, A, K.) and V*l, (TA,) and ^,
like ^y^, (K,) t //e roa*, or became, out of
breath ; his breath became interrupted, by reason
of fatigue [or running, or by hard work, or bear-
ing a heavy load ; see 1] : (K :) he panted, or
breathed [shortly or] uninterruptedly. (§, A.)

8. jyif\ He arrogated to himself, or professed,
a thing falsely. (S, K.) El-Akhtal says,

jW j*r»-<>* 0\ ^ U J

And there is not in me, if I praise them, false
profession : (S :) or jy^\ signifies he said what
was false, and swore to it. (TA.)_i/c said
that he had transgressed, or acted vitiously, or
committed adultery or fornication, when he had
not done so. (K.) And «^~>Js> ^«^' -^ asserted
himself to have committed a crime, or sin, when
he had not done so. (TA, from a trad.) __ U^t
He asserted falsely that he had had sexual inter-
course with her : (M, TA :) UjU^I signifies " he
asserted the same with truth :" (TA :) or j^\
signifies he charged, or upbraided, a person with
that which was in him ; (K, TA ;) and jUjI, " he
charged, or upbraided, with that which was not
in him." (TA.) See an ex. voce Jy in art. jy.

265

_ Also He (a poet) mentioned her (a girl) in
hit poetry. (JK.) &"jJtj j&\ He became, or
was rendered, notorious, or infamous, on account
of such a woman [with whom he mas said to have
had an illicit connexion]. (S, K.) ■■ See also 7.

11. J$» 'M, (S, A, K.) inf. n. jl^Jl, (8,)
The night reached its middle point; (Af, 8, A,
K;) from ijyf signifying the "middle" of a thing:
(A :) or reached the point when all its stars
appeared and shone : (Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer :)
or became thickly dark : (,K :) or for the most
part passed : (8, K :) or reached the point when
about one third of it remained. (K.) And jly^l
JJJI UJLc The night became long to us. (8.)

And jlyJI j\f\ The day reached the point when
the sun had become high. (TA.)

jyi inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (8, Msb, K.) You say,
a) \jyi, an imprecation, meaning May he be over-
come! (A :) or t. q. *i llsJ [may he fall, having
stumbled! or stumble and fall! Sec.]: (AA,S,
K :) and thus used [app. in the latter sense] as
an imprecation, accord, to Sb, it has no verb, but
is put in the accus. case on the supposition of a
verb. (TA.) One says also, * |>yvj \^i, with
damm to each. (TA in art >y») And U Uy/
»W*I [May he fall, having stumbled! &c.: horn
bountiful is he!], like as one says ei l..,»3 [when
not meaning it to be understood as an impreca-
tion]. (A.) — It also signifies Distance, or
remoteness : (K :) and remoteness from good or
prosperity. (T A.) — Disappointment. (lAnr,

TA.) Wonder; syn.

l^yj meaning U*-c [for I
or wonderful!]. (§.) So [sometimes] in tho
phrase *0 \j^ [I do wonder at him, or it]. (IAar,
TA.) — Love. (K.) Accord, to some, Jfi 1^
means Love to you. (JK.) _ ~. } j ij%j x-hj^
>*^ ^3J^ ^** ^JJ ^W is a saying of the Arabs,
meaning Husbands are three t a husband who
overcomes the eyes by hie goodliness, (8,) or a
husband of noble race, though he may be of little
wealth ; (TA ;) and a husband prepared for the
accidents, or calamities, of fortune; and a husband
from whom a dowry is got, (S,) or a husband
who has not nobility of race, and who therefore
doubles the dowry to make himself desired. (TA.)
a t Distress thai affects the breath or respira-
tion, syn. w>£>, (K> TA,) [particularly} of a
camel when he is spurred on, or of a man when a
labour above his power is imposed upon him.
(TA.)

•*j »•»

j,y : see ^yj. — Also I The state of being, out

of breath; interruption of the breath, by reason
of fatigue, (K, TA,) [or by bearing a heavy load,
(see 1,)] or by hard work, and by running: (TA:)
a panting, or breathing [shortly or] uninter-
ruptedly. (8, A, TA.) sa Wide-spreading land ;
a wide tract of land; as also • ijy/ [q. v.]. (K-)

A country, or district; or a city, or town;

syn. jij; (K : ) or the mt'drf/e thereof. (TA.)
__ The middle, and 6«< prt, (_^, and je*>, for

the former of which words we find ji> erroneously
put in the copies of the Ki TA,) of a valley ; as
alsots^fq.T.]. (K,TA.)

34

(K.) One says,
I I do wonder:

too

Ij+l Plain, or even, or soft, land or ground:
or a wide tract of land between mountains. (L.)
_Scc also jyf, in two places. _ The middle
(9, A, 5) of a valley, and of the night, and of a
horse, (S, K,) and of a camel's saddle, (T A,)
and of a ring, (K,) or of a thing. (A.)

i\i A certain plant, of sweet odour ; (K ;)
the [plant called] jh*, which is also called ^e.
jlfllj [buphthalmum, or ox-eye;] it lsthc^Jt j\i,
a crisping, or curling, plant, having a yellow
flower; growing in the days of the spring (»^J)t),
and called jjl^e : (S :) As says, The ;h* is tlie
111' jCJ : an ^ Az says, The Sjh* is tho «y~*. ;
and I regard jlyy as a Persian word. (TA.) —
Perfume. (Msb.) — And hence applied to The
flowers of the desert. (Msb.) __ And Anything
goodly, or btautiful, and bright, or shining. (K,
TA.)

Jkyf A certain thing with which one weighs;
(8, Msb,K;) the weight of three hundred pound* :
(Fr, IAar, A'Obcyd, S, K :) thought by A'Obeyd
to be not Arabic, but Coptic; (S ;) having this
signification in Coptic ; (JK ;) but thought by
Ai to be pure Arabic : (TA :) or four hundred
pounds : or six hundred : or a thousand : (K :)
and, (K,) or as some say, (TA,) one half of a
load (K,TA) borne by a camel, (TA,) containing
four hundred pounds, (K, TA,) in the dial, of
Syria: (TA:) or a load borne by a camel: (Kt:)
or a camel-load of household-goods or furniture
and utensils : (As :) and commodities, or utensils,
or the like, of the sea ; expl. by y>~J\ c.Uo

[perhaps a mistranscription for j+Zi\ cXU or

jtk, ,TJt, commodities, or goods, of the merchants :
die poet Bureyk El-Hudhalce speaks of camels
bearing jQ. (JK,K.) It is said that Talhah
the son of 'Obeyd-AUah left a hundred jlyj, in
each jlyv of which was three hundred-weight of
gold (8, TA) and silver ; (TA ;) jl* being thus
made to signify a receptacle : (S, TA :) accord,
to As and Kt, the meaning is, a hundred camel-
loads. (TA.)

S«W a « d *j£r* (A,?) and tjylu (A) [and
♦ jy'-.-*] I Out of breath ; having his breath in-
terrupted, by reason of fatigue [or running, or
b4r hard work, or bearing a heavy load ; see 1
and 7] ; panting, or breathing [shortly or] unin-
terruptedly. (A.)

j*l^ [act part. n. of 1, Overcoming ; Sec. And
particularly,] t Overcoming in light. ( JK.)
[Hence,] J*V >•* I -^ vwon that overcomes with
its light the light of the stars. (8, A.) And J*UI
\Thc moon; because it outshines the stars: (Msb:)
or the full moon. (JK.)

J^\ [The aorta ; so in the present day ;] a
certain vein [or artery], (8, A, K,) in the back,
(K,) lying within, or at the inner side of, the
bach-bone (A'Obeyd, A, TA) and the heart,
(A'Obeyd, TA,) the severing of which causes
death: (A'Obeyd, 8, A :) it is a name given to
each of two veins [or arteries, or the two portions
of the carta which are called the aorta ascendens
and aorta descendens,] which issue from the heart,

and from which then branch off all the other
arteries : (S :) and, (K.,) or as some say, (TA,)
the ju jj [i. e. either the carotid artery or the
external jugular vein] of the neck : (K :) and,
(K,) or as some say, (TA,) [the vein in the arm

called] the J**J»1 : (K :) or, accord, to the more
full description of I Ath, a certain vein [or artery]
arising from the head, and extending to the foot,
and liaving arteries which communicate with most
of the extremities and the body: what is in the
head is called the <U0 ; and hence the saying,
aioU <uH jJUl, meaning " God killed him," or
" may God kill him !" and it extends to the
throat, and is there called the juj j ; and to the

chest, and is there called [especially] the y^\
[meaning the aorta ascendens] ; and to the back,
and is there called the ^J^3 [meaning the aorta
descendens] ; and the heart is suspended to it ;
and it extends to the thigh, and is there called
the LJ ; and to the shank, and is there called the
i^iLo : the • in it is augmentative. (TA.) You
say, tjyA *L5 [It severed his aorta] ; meaning

X it (pain) destroyed him. (A.) Also The back:

(K :) or the place of the vein [or artery] so
called. (As, in art. e jui. of the S.) One says,
j^}l jujJj tf^i Such a one is strong in the
back : (TA :) or strong in the place of the vein
[or artery] called the j^\. (As, ubi supra.) —
And The back of the curved part of the extremity
of a bow : (K :) or the part between the o£U»

and the iJA> : (S, K :) in the bow is its jJ=>,
which is the part between the two extremities of
its string or the like; then, next to this, the

aJ^=> ; then, next to this, tho ^j\ ; then, the
OuU» ; then, the &L>, which is the curved part of

the extremity. (As.) And A tent-pole. (JK.)

— And The shorter side of a feather : (K :)
[or] so jk(/\ [which is the pi.]: (JK:) [or] the
latter signifies the feathers (Lh, S) of the wing
(Lh) of a bird (Lh, S) next after those called
i j\jaJ\, (Lh,) [and] next [before] those called

^jiiH : (8 the first of them are those called
_A>lyUI, (S,) four in number, in the fore part of
the wing; (Lh;) the next, 4«£»l£t, (Lh,S,)

also four; (Lh ;) the next, ^tj^JI, (Lh,S,) also

four ; (Lh ;) the next, j*$)\, (Lh, S,) also four ;

(Lh;) and the next, .JUJI [which are also
four]. (8.)

« if

jyrr*-

scejevv'.

Q. 1. tyjrtt m l ^ e P a88 ' f° rm ; (Kt, Msb,) inf. n.

Aarjyj, (K,) ilt (a thing) was taken otherwise
than by, or tn, tlie right way: (M§b:) or lit
was turned away, or conveyed by turning away,
(Kt, K, TA,) from the beaten way or road,
(Kt,TA,) or from the direct, or right, main
road. (K, TA.) And Jv* rrii 1 1* (^e road,
A) lead them otherwise than in the beaten track.

[Book I.

• #•*

(T, A, TA.) [See j-frtt "" om which the verb is

derived.] J It (a man's blood) was made to be

of no account, to go for nothing, unrctaliated, or
■uncompensated by a mulct ; was made allowable
to be taken or shed. (Mgh.) And <lo jrjvi
t He made his blood to be of no account, Sec.
(TA.) — Hence, (TA,) l££l # ^^t JJ Ul
\^\ (K,* TA) l Verily, since thou hast made me
[meaning my offence] to pass unnoticed, or hast
taken no account of inc, (^yjjjjk,) by annulling
in respect of me the prescribed enstigntion, (K,
TA,) / rvill not drink it (i. c. wine) henceforth :
(TA :) said by Aboo-Mihjon (K, TA) Eth-Tha-

kafee, (TA,) to Ibn-Alnjc-Wakkas. (TA.)

You say also, ^l&l »-^ t He made the place
free to the people in general to pasture tluir
beasts in it. (IAar, L.)

Q. 2. ~jyJ t It (a place) became, or was
made, free to the people in general to pasture
their beasts in it. (IAar, I,.)

wrjtf an arabicized word, (T, S, Mgh, L, TA,)
from «/y-i, (T, Mgh, L, TA,) which is Persian ;

(L, TA ;) or, as some say, it is an Indian word,

• '•"
originally <Uy-i, meaning Had, whence the Persian
•-•'' • .t.

«^J, and hence the orabici/cd ~^j ; (TA ;) ap-
plied to a dirhem, as meaning bad; (Kr, S ;)
false; (S, El-Marzookcc ;) adulterated; (Shifa
el-Ghalccl, El-Marzookcc ;) of bad silver; (A,
Mgh, L, Msb ;) with whick one cannot buy :
(IAar, TA :) or, as somo say, in which the silver
is predominant: or, accord, to IAar, of which
the die has been falsified : (Mgh :) or not coined
in the government-mint : (Lb, TA :) and *p r j vr «
signifies the some, applied to a dirhem ; (Lh, A,
Mgh ;) and so t ~-jy+j ; (Lh, El-Marzookce ;)
but [Mtr says,] I have not found it with ij, ex-
cept on the authority of Lh ; (Mgh;) and IKh
says that it is a word of the vulgar : (TA :) the
pl- [of £Jtf] » 8 £}Q> and [of ^^,] OU^J.
(TA.)— Hence, metaphorically, (Mgh,) \Bad;
(S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K ;) and false, or of no
account ; (S, A, Mgh, K ;) applied to a thing (S,
A, Mgh, L, Msb) of any kind: (A, Mgh, L:) any-
thing rejected ; not received or accepted; rejected
as wrong or bad; as also Ip-jri* '• (TA :) and a
thing is termed ~«.j v *« when it is as though it were
cast away, and not an object of emulous desire or
envy, or not in request. (El-Marzookce, TA.)
You say, ~.jyi j>$&> I Bad language. (A, L.)

And m.jyi J*»c X A bad action. (A, L.) __
t Allowed or allowable [to any person, to be taken
or let alone, or to be possessed or made use of or
done]; made allowable, free, or lawful. (K.) You
say, --j^j^o X Blood made to be of no account,
to go for nothing, unrctaliated, or uncompensated
by a mulct ; allowed to be taken or shed; (A, L ;)
as also T «~rv~«. (K.) And -.^ ij,\L» \A place
free to the people in general to pasture their beasts
in it. (IAar, L.) And t *->**« »U t A water
left free to those who come to water at it. (A,
K,*TA.)

Book I.]
jrjrf*' see *-jyi, in four places.
»->vy : see e-jy/, in two places.

1. aI^v, aor. ; , inf. n. ia^i, It (a load, or
burden,) opj)rettcd him by its weight, and he was
unable to bear it: (S, M,TA:) or pressed heavily
upon him, and distressed him. (T, TA.) [And
hence,] J It (an affair, M, IS., or anything, T)
oppressed him by its weight, (T, M,) and he was
unable to bear it : (M :) or overpowered him, and
pressed heavily upon him, and distressed him ;
(Jm, K ;) and bo -"-oyj, as heard by Aboo-Turab
from an Arab of the desert; but no one has
followed him in this. (Az, TA.) You say also,
iJu-iyi iiyi He loaded the riding-camel heavily,
and fatigued it. (K.)

£>*(/ ja\ t A distressing, grievous, or difficult,
affair. (8, CIS., but wanting in two MS. copies
of the K .) And U*>(/ [alone], (CK, but wanting
in two MS. copies o'f the K,) or *a»*G, (0,TA,)
I A calamity, or misfortune. (0, K, TA.)

ikkC : sec Lkb.

^y~o Oppressed by the weight of a load, and
unable to bear it. (S.) [And hence,] f Any one
having a thing required of him which he is unable
to do, or which he cannot find. (TA.) And
*9v** Oj* i ^ n opponent, or an adversary, over-

come, or vanquished. (TA.)

J*

1. J^, aor. s , inf. n. Jyv, J< (the body) mat,
or became, affected with [the disease tei-mcd] JJ^.
(Msb.)

• * #
,J^ [The »*/W species of leprosy termed

" alphus," or " vitiligo alba ;" in Hebrew prt3 >]

a whiteness, less than what is termed u°jti <'* fl <
comes upon the external shin of a man; (JK ;) a
whiteness that affects the shin, (§,) or body,
(Mgh, Msb,) differing from the colour of the
latter; (8, Msb;) not from what is termed yjfjt,
(§, Mgh,) or not u°ft : (Msb:) and, accord, to
IF, a blachness that affects the shin; [i.e. the
tpeciet of leprosy termed " melas," or " lepra
maculosa nigra ;"] or a colour differing from
that of the shin : (Msb :) a thin whiteness
that affects the exterior of the cuticle, by reason
of a bad state of the temperament of the part,
inclining to coldness, and the predominance of the
phlegm over the blood : the black [species] thereof
alters {jt*i, in the CK ^jIju,) the thin to blach-
ness, by reason of the mixing of the black bile

with the blood. (K, TA.) [Hence,] jLLi\ &t

t [Lichen, or liverwort ;] a certain plant ; (K ;)
i. e. j^ntl j\j** [more commonly called jlj»-
^Jjt] | : (TA :) or t. q. >j£. j^JI, (K, TA,)
or j>j~~- J^aJI, (CK,) [evidently from the Per-
sian j> jui jy». explained in Johnson's Pers. Ar.
and Engl. Diet as "sandix-gum, juniper:" but

SM says that] this is a certain plant, the body

st * J
[or tubttance] of which it ^ ,;■»■« [app. meaning

composed of globulet or the like ; probably a par-
ticular species of lichen, with spherical cells],
(TA.)

^\, applied to a man, Affected with [the
disease termed] J^ : (JK, Msb:) fem. £Uyy.
(Msb.)___ [And hence,] so applied, \Very white.
(TA.)

J*

00 ti 00 • 00

1. S5UI ^lyj, [aor. - , inf. n. J^,] 2£e /c/i <Ac
she-camel without a j\j-o [bound upon her udder
to prevent her being sucked] ; (Bd in iii. 54 ;) as
also * V 1 ^' : (? or ne Hft ^ er to 00 m&fod ;
or allowed her being milked : (Z, TA :) and * the
latter, he loosed her j\f-o, and left her young one
at liberty to suck her ; (K ;) and he left her to
herself (K, TA) to be milked by any one mho

pleased. (TA.) And aJ£, (S, K,) aor. - , (K,)

[inf. n. ^)y},] He left him (S, K) to his own will,
or with, (S,) or to hit own opinion, or judgment ;
(K ;) as also ♦ *JLyj1 : (S, K or ^° former is
said in relation to the free man ; and t the latter,
in relation to the slave; (Zj,K;) and signifies
also [simply] he left him to himself. (K,* TA.)
__ Hence, (TA,) J^ signifies [also] The act of
cursing. (§, Mh1>,K.) You say, aJl^j, aor. - , inf. n.

J^, He cursed him. (Msb.) And U^]L» al)l J^

• ' **
May God curie such a one ! (K, TA.) ascJL^,

aor. * , inf. n. w J y ;, She (a camel) had her jlj-o
loosed, and her young one left to suck her. (K.)

3. iUU« The act of cursing each other : (S,
Mgh, Msb :) inf. n. of aJLaU 7/« cursed him,
being cursed by him r (Msb :) [or rather] <aJUbb
signifies jT joined with him in imprecating the
curse of God upon whichever of ut did mrong.
(JK.) Hence the saying of Ibn-Mes'ood, i\2> ^»

[ Whosoever will, I will contend with him by im-
precating the curse of God upon whichever of us is
mrong, that the shorter chapter of " Women" came
down from heaven after the chapter of "The
Cow"] : or, accord, to one recital, he said <CUc*n) :
for when they differed respecting a thing, they

used to come together, and say, JU <u)t *<ULv
s> a '

U-o^JUaJI [77te ru7-.«e of God be upon suck of us

at it the wrongdoer!]. (Mgh.) jgf^ttf JaI^

Lisu and t l^v^ ai, d * t^JukUi all signify 7Vt<ry

curted one another : (K :) [or] <Acy joined in

imprecating a curse upon such of them as mat

the wrongdoer : (TA :) and * l>Vv' signifies the

like : whence, Jy~i j£, in the Kur [iii. 54],
(Bd, TA,) as some explain it, (TA,) meaning
" JaUU ^oJ, i. e., JVtcn fef wj imprecate a curse
upon such of ut at is the liar. (Bd. [But see
also 8 below.])

4 : see 1, in four places. — [The inf. n.] J'^J

also signifies The tending forth, or letting flow,

the mater upon what hat been town, { JK,K,TA,)

after having finished the sowing. (JK, TA. [In

0*0 ** *'» "

the CK, du, JJ is erroneously put for <o, J^.])

5 : see 3.

6 : see 3, in two places.

8: see 3 [Hence,] Jyil, (S,Msb,K,) or

267

;UjJI ^ji Jv-^'i (J K,) J He humbled, or abased,
himself; or addressed himself with earnest, or
energetic, supplication ; syn. »j*U', (S,M?b,K;)
aDI _)l <o God: (Msb:) he strove, or was earnest ,
or energetic, in prayer, or supplication; (JK,
KO *»»</ »"«* sincere, or without hypnerisy, there-
in; (S, K;) with a striving, or an earnestnest,
or energy, like tliat of the (JjIjJL* [properly so
called, i. c., persons who join in imprecating a
curse upon such of them at is the wrongdoer].
(TA.) It is said that J}yj£ ^3, in the Kur [iii. 54,
of which one explanation has been given above,
(see 3,)] means t Then let ut be sincere, or with-
out hypocrisy, in prayer, or tupplication ; (§,
TA ;) and let ut ttrive, or be earnett, or energetic:
(TA :) or let us humble, or abase, ourselves; &c. ;
syn. fjtiii. (.Tel.)

10. lyJW-"' H f - milked her (namely, a camel,)

without a jU-o. (K. [Sec 1, first sentence.]) __

' as

lie (a young camel) pulled off her »j*\ [pi. of

j]fo] to tuck her, namely, his mother. (JK.)

alcyi JyJL/l lie (the ruler) left the people,

or subjects, to themselves, (Lb, K,) to do what
they mould; not rettraining them. (Lh,TA.)_
J^-01 ££^1 (S) and &Ql ^o^JW^-l (K)
t The shores, and f Ae desert, left them at liberty
in their abodes therein, no Saltan reaching them,
to that they did mkat they pleated. (S,* K-)

SC (S,Mgh,K) and ti& (f,Msb,K) A
curse : (S, Mgh, Msb, K from iJUl jii in the
sense first explained above. (H<1 in iii. 54.) You
say, oil iiyj aJ* and ▼ o^V ^Vie ci/r«c o/ Gori
6c on Atm / (S.) For another ex., see 3.

IXrf : see what next precedes, in two places.

iUy. The quality of thrinhing from foul things,
and of generosity, or nobleness. (JK.)

jyijV One </»at shrinks from fold thingt, and
it generous, or noble; applied to a man (Ibn-
'Abbdd, JK) and to a woman : (JK :) pL J*>&.
(Ibn-'Abbdd, JK.) A lord, chief, or prince,
combining all good qualities. (Seer, K.) _ A
great, or frequent, laugher. (S, K.)

JjktJ A she-camel having no jXjtt upon her, (S,
K, TA,) to that any one mho mill may milk her :
(TA :) or one having no nose-rein upon her, (K,
TA,) to that tke pastures mhere the mill: (TA :)
or also one having no ij\j* [which is a piece of
mood inserted in tlie partition between the not-
trilt] : (S :) and (so in the S, but in the K "or")
one having no mark, or brand, upon her: (JK,
S,K=) pl.j£ (JK,S,K)and^: (JK, K ;
TA : [the latter in the CK like *£t :]) and f Ix^t
signifies left in the ttate of her that U termed
JjfclJ, (S,) or having her j\j*o looted, and her
young one left at liberty to tuck her : (K :) and
* JaC> is applied in the same sense [as its pi.].
(S,K. [In the CK the latter is written J*£, as

000 * '*•'%

a sing.]) [ Hence,] jt^-c Oli ^ >*V *¥!,

said by an Arab woman to her husband ; (S ;)
by the wife of Dureyd Ibn-Es-Simmeh, to him,
on his desiring to divorce her ; meaning \ I made

34*

208

* j *

my property lawful to thee. (TA.)— •0^ Jk ^t
t People at liberty in their place of abode, no
Sul(dn reaching them, to that they do what they
please. (K.)_ And the sing., J Ooing to and

fro without work. (Ibn-'Abbdd,Z, K.) J A

pastor without a ttaff: (JK, K:) or, walking
without a ttaff. (TA.)_fA man without a
weajum. (IAar, TA.)^ And iUL +A woman

having no husband ; (JK ;) syn.^l. (K.)

• ,.«

Jy/I The produce, or fruit, of a certain tree,
»• *
which it the jc-ji. [a name applied to the cypres*

nnd to the juniper-tree] : (S:J so says Ibn-Sccna
[Aviccnna] in the Kanoon ; and he adds that it
is of two species, small and great, both brought
from the country of the j>)j : one tpecie* of the
tree thereof hat leaves like those of the }j-> [or
common, evergreen, cyprest], hat many thorns,
and growt, or spreads, wide, ((A«JL<,) not
growing tall : the leaves oft/ie other are like those
of the ,\ijlr [or tamarisk], the taste thereof is like
[tliat of] the }j~t, and it it drier, and less hot:
(TA :) or it is the produce of a kind of great
tree, the leaves of which are like [those of] the
•Up», and the fruit of which it like tke J>J [or
fruit of the lote-tree called jJ^->] ; and it is not
[the fruit of] the jfje, a* J imagined it to be :
the smoke thereof ex pelt quickly the young in the
womb : used at a liniment, with vinegar, it cures
what it termed * T JL*UI .1 j [alopecia] : and with
honey, it cleantet foul ulcert. (K.) [In the pre-
sent day, it is applied to the juniper-tree ; as is
nlso jtijti : and particularly to the species thereof
called the tavin. See ^I^UJ.]

ilyl« and J*Co [its pi.] : see Ja^.

2. ^Jl \y*t, inf. n. jttrfl, They separated the
jvj [i. e. lambs, or kids, or both,] from their
motheit, (S, K,) and pastured them alone. (S.)
mm^j^lt *>»rV> '"<"■ n - as above, They ttayed, or
remained, in the place ; (K, TA ;) did not quit
it. (TA.) — Also ^j, said of a man, f He con-
tinued looking at a thing without hit being relieved
by doing to. (JK.) mj- iHe was silent, and con-
founded, or perplexed, when asked retjtecting a
thing. (JK.) — \ lie. did not Jight, or engage in
conflict. (JK.)

4. j^\, (K,) inf. n. J.Q, (JK,) \Jt (a thing,
or an affair,) was, or became, dubious, confused,
or vague, (JK, K, TA,) so that one knew not the
way, or manner, in which it should be engaged in,
done, executed, or performed; (JK, TA;) as also
T >w ^wl ; (JK, K, TA ;) for which grammarians
often use T > »y*'' ; but this has not been heard in
the [classical] language of the Arabs : (MF,TA:)
[said to be] from >Mt y denoting a colour, whatever

it be, except that which is termed i-y-^, in which
is no colour differing therefrom. (Har p. 50.)
■m He cloud, or locked, a door ; (8, M gh, TA ;)
[or, to that one could not find the way to open it;
(see „*(*•;)] and ttopped it up. (TA.) [And

A * t »i

hence,] one says of the thumb, u&l >•**>> mean-

Jri— J**

ing It closet upon [the palm of] the hand, at a
cover. (TA.) __ [Hence also,] t He made a
thing, or an affair, to be dubious, confused, or
vague, (JK, TA,*)«> that there was no wag, or
manner, of knowing it, (TA,) or so that one knew
not the way, or manner, in which it should
be engaged in, done, executed, or performed :
(JK :) [in the former sense, or meaning the
made it to be dubious, confused, or rogue,] said of
speech, or language, (K in art. ^a-o*-, &c.,) and
of information, or news, or a narration ; (Msb ;)

contr. of <— 0)1 ; (T A in art. ufc«ft ;) iq-^tH^-
(Msb.)__t//e made, or held, a thing to be vague,
or indefinite. (Mgh.)_And, said of a prohibited
thing, tJIe made it, or held it, to be not allowable
in any manner, nor for any cause : (Az, TA :)
or to be prohibited unconditionally. (Mgh.) [See
_4 V ~».]_t 7/c made a man to turn away, or
withdraw, or retire, (JK, K,) \JJ=> ,j* front

such a thing, (JK,) or **^)l v >ft from the affair.

i »i
(K..) am u&/$\ C~ovjI The hind produced what is

termed L-oyj; (JK, K:) or produced- much there-
of (S.)

5 : sec 10.

7 : see 4.

10 : see 4 You sn y, _p^l aIu ^-\ J The

affair was as though it were closed against him,
so that he knew not the way in which to engage
in it, or execute it ; syn. aJLc sp-j;'- (TA.) And
*& ,^-t, (K,) orJ,-jSi\ aJl* ^^\, (S, TA,)
iSpeech was as though it were closed against
him; or he wat, or became, impeded in his speech,
unable to speak, or tongue-tied; (S,* K, TA;) syn.

JHAZ . il ; (S ;) and <*«"})u£> dJLc ">rt-«J [signifies

. 4

the same]; syn. «Jjl ; (JK, S;*) on the authority

of AZ. (S.) And j**J1 ^ov*- - ' t^V'C informa-
tion, or narration, was dubious, confused, vague,
or difficult to be understood or expressed; or iras
not to o« understood or express&l; as though it
were closed [against the hearer or speaker] ; syn.
Jj&ll, and^>ii*.l. (Msb.)

joy> is pi. of " i»yj, (S, Msh, K,) as arc also

*_ /<rt j and j\j, (K,) [or rather _ /0V j is a coll. gen. n.,

and * i+yt is its n. un., and "^^ is a quasi-pl. n.,

• » ■•<. % * *

and] >>lyj is pi. ol'^yj, (S, Msb,) and oUlyv is a

pi. pi. [i. e. pi. of >ly/] : (K :) " a^yj signifies A

lamb, and is applied to the male and the female ;

(S, Msb;) or, accord, to a trad, in which it

occurs, it is a name for the female; (IAth, TA;)

but j\j, which is applied to lambs when they arc

alone, as JU~ > is to kids when they are alone, is

also applied to lambs and kids together: (S,* Msb:)

or, accord, to IF, j^ signifies young lambs or

goat* : (Msb :) and accord, to AZ, (Msb,) or

A'Obeyd, (TA,) ♦ 3l*^ is applied to a lamb or

goat, whether male or female, after the period

when it is termed iM, , •<, which is when it is just

brought forth; (Msb, TA;) and its pi. is^^l :

(Msb : [so in my copy of that work, as though

• ft
meant for yt y(\ ; but perhaps a mistranscription

i »~
for ^oyJt:]) or it is applied to a lamb or gout

when just brought forth, i. e., before it is termed

[Book I.

: (Mgh : [and this is agreeable with its
application in a trad, cited by IAth :]) or to the
young one, not, as in the K. young ones, (TA,)
of the sheep, and of the goat, and of an animal of
the. bovine hind (K, TA) both wild and not wild,
alike to the male and Hue female, while small ; or,
as some say, when it has attained to youthful
vigour : (TA :) Lcbccd applies >lyj to the young
ones of [wild] animals of the bovine hind: (S,
TA :) accord, to Th, ^^ signifies young kids.

(TA.) j>\yJ\ jjili One of the Mansions (K,

TA) of the Moon : (TA :) or two stars which
arc not. of the Mansions of the Moon. (S und L
and K in art. jiaw, (]. v.)

j^j: eve jfyj, in two places.

«. #
[jni an epithet of which only the fern, form is
• # . * «t
mentioned. You say] 4*^4 u*)' """ abounding

with what is termed >c*W • (^M w i ¥ : ) tu0 *ord

is a ]K>sscssivc epithet. (TA.)

: see jrfi, in four places.

A rock, or great moss of stone or of hard
stone, (K,TA,) that is solid, not hollow. (TA.)
__ And hence, accord, to sonic, (TA,) or because
his condition is such that one knows not how to
prevail with him, (Ham pp. 'Ml and <>10,) A
courageous man, (K, and Ham ubi supra,) or a
horseman, (AO, S,) to whom one knows not the
way whence to gain access, or whence to come,
(AO, S, K,) by reason of his great might, or
valour: (AO, S:) or, as in the Nawadir, A<n-> ^.j
signifies a man who will not be turned from a
thing that he tlesircs to do: (TA:) it is not
applied as an epithet to a woman : (1 J , TA :) pi.

j*!i- (?, A.) You say, ^Jl ,>• i^j ^L, mean-
ing t He is a courageous man, of those to whom
the approach is as though it were closed against
his adversaries. (A,TA.) Accord, to I J, it is an
inf. n. used as an epithet, though having no verb.
(TA.) [Hnncc,] it applies to one and to u number
of persons. (Ham p. 404.) [For] it signifies also
_ \An army : (S, K :) or courageous men, or
courageous men clad in armour; because one
knows not the way in which to fight with them :
or, as some say, a company of horsemen : (TA :)
pi. as above. (K.) — iA difficult affair or case;
(K, TA ;) such that one cannot Jind the way to
perform it, or manage it : pi. as above. (TA.)
You say, \i «ij» Tj "^ a«w 15* £*} t [ He fell into
a difficult, or an embarrassing, case, which one
hnew not the way to manage], (TA.) The pi. is
also explained as meaning t Dubious, confused, or
vague, affair* or cases. (TA.)__+ JJlachness.

(TA.) AndJ^JI fThe three nights in which

the moon docs not [visibly] rise. (TA.)

# AJ

ijor>, a word both sing, and pi., (Sb, S, K,) its
alif [written j_j] being a denotative of the fern,
gender, wherefore it is without tenween ; (Sb, S ;)
or [it is written ■.♦yj, with tenween, for it is a
coll. gen. n.| and] its n. 1111. is sUyV, (S, K, and so
in the JK,) its alif, sonic say, being a letter of
quasi-coordination ; but Mbr says that this is not
known, and that the alif in a word of the measure
^Jbe is nought but a denotative of the fcm. gender;
(S ;) and the 11. un. 51^ is anomalous; (El-'Ash-

Book I.]

moonee's Expos, of the Alfeeyeh of Ibn-Malik,
% vi^iUJI ;) [A specie* of barley-grass; app. hor-
deum murinum, or common wall-barley-grass ;] a
certain plant, ( Lth , J K , S, K,) well known ; (K ; )
the sheep and goats, (Lth, TA,) or the camels,
(JK,) are vehemently fond of it as long as it ix
green; (Lth, JK, TA ;) but when it dries up, its
prickles bristle out, and it repugns ; (Lth, TA ;)
it is of the herbs ( Jyv) that are termed jjj»-l
[app. here meaning slender and sweet] when fresh
and when dry, and comes forth at first undis-
tinguishably as to species, from the earth, like as
does torn; then it becomes like corn, and puts
forth prickles like those [that compose the awn,
or beard,] of the ear of corn, which, when they
enter the nous of the sheep or goats and the
camels, cause pain to their noses, until men pull
them out from their mouths and their noses; and
when it becomes large, and dries up, it is a pas-
ture that is fed upon until the rain of the next
year falls upon it, when its seed that has fallen
from its ears germinates beneath it. (AHn,TA.)

JUi Black: (K:) pi. J^- (TA.) And [app.
used also as a suhst., signifying] A black ewe (K,
TA) in which is no whiteness : pi. as above and

j^4. (TA.) Applied to a horse, to the male

and the female, (S,* Mgh,*K,) Of one, unmixed,
colour ; in which is no colour differing from the

rest : (S, Mgh, K :) pi. ^. (?•) JUw % >< I
[Not having a star, or blaze, on the forehead or
face, nor of one, unmixed, colour, or not white
nor black, (some such proposition as " This is a
horse" being understood before *),)] is a prov.
applied to a dubious, confused, or vague, affair or

case. (TA.) A colour of one kind, (JK,) in

which is no colour differing from the rest, (JK,
and Har p. 50,) whatever colour it be, except that
which is termed i^-i. : (Har ubi supra :) or a
colour that is clear, pure, or unmixed, not resem-
bling any other, (AA, K,* TA,) whether it be
black or any other colour, (AA, TA,) except, as
Z says, that which is termed <Lyw. (TA.) _ A
night in which is no light (JK, TA) until the
dawn. (TA.) — I A sound, or voice, in which is
no trilling, or quavering, or reiteration in the

throat or fauces. (JK, K,» TA.*) Perfect, or

complete, in make ; as also \^y~« : pi. ja^> ■ so
in the phrase in a trad, (respecting the day of

t • J I S 3 - 1

resurrection, TA), U*v ,^-UI ;.*> >, i. e. Mankind
shall be congregated perfect, or complete, in make,
without mutilation, or defect : (JK :) or the
meaning here is, sound, or healthy : (S :) or not
having any of the diseases or noxious affections
of the present state, as blindness, and jlephantiasis,
and leprosy, and blindness of one eye, and lame-
ness, £c: (A'Obeyd, K,* TA :) or naked; (JK,
KO not having upon them anything to conceal
them : (JK :) or not having with them anything
(§, TA) of worldly goods or commodities. (TA.)
_ ^Unknown. (El-Khattabee, TA.) as See also

A*

3 mt [A beast; a brute;] any quadruped,
(Akh, M, Mfb, K,) even if in the water, (Akh,
M, K,) [i. e.,] of the land and of the sea; (Msb;)
and (so in the Msb, but in the K "or") any

animal that does not discriminate : (Zj, Msb, JjLi)
pOy (S,M 9 b,K.)

3 ,

[(^•eW Off or re k<w»<7 to, beasts, or brutes.]

[i e + t yi The nature of beasts, or brutes.]

in two places. _ Also i. q.

> - ft 9**1

jmj- see jty**
_^»»ftl [app. as meaning Destitute of the faculty
of speech or articulation, like the beasts]. (K.)

j\i\ The thumb, and the great toe; (M, K;)
the greatest ft-oj, (JK, T, S,) that is next to the
forefinger, having two joints, so called because it
closes upon [the palm of] the hand, as a cover ;
(T, TA ;) the greatest of the *yLol in the hand
and in the foot: (M, £:) of the fern, gender,
(S, Msb,) accord, to common repute ; (Msb ;)
and sometimes masc. : (Lh, M, K :) and ^j^
signifies the same ; mentioned by Az in the T,
and by others ; but Az adds that one should not
say Jg : (TA :) the pi. of^l is J^l (JK,S,
M,Msb,K) and >kb1, (M,J£,) which latter is used
by poetic license for the former, (M,) and oUly^l.
(Msb.) ^~ci\ j>\j\ ^o ^d\ [Shorter than the
great toe of the (lizard called) ^~b], and^tl^t ,j*

i\lail\ [than theback toe of the (bird called) «tU5],

* * i
and ijijUkJt j,\f\ ^y* [than the bach toe of the

(bird called) jj^l**-], are proverbs of the Arabs.

(Har p. 335.)

, applied to a door, Closed, or locked, (JK,
K,) so that one cannot find the way to open it:
(JK, TA :) and stopped up : (TA :) or having a
lock upon it, with which it is fastened. (Mgh.)
— A wall t'n which is no door. (TA.)__A
chest having no lock [by means of which it may
be opened]. (IAmb, TA.) _ J. q. • - t n> [as
meaning Solid; not hollow; in the CK -"-» *\,
which signifies the same] ; as also ^y^l : (K :)
having no fissure in it : and ♦ the latter, applied
to a heart, is said to mean f impenetrable by
admonition. (TA.) _ + A thing, or an affair,
made to be dubious, confused, or vague ; (JK ;)
[such that there is no way, or manner, of knowing
it ; (see the verb ;)] or such that one knows not
the way, or manner, in which it should be engaged
in, done, executed, or performed: (JK, S, Mgh,
TA:) t speech, or language, [that is dubious,
confused, or vague,] such that there is no way,
or manner, of knowing it : (Mgh, TA :) applied
to a road, \unapparent, or hardly apparent:
(TA :) and, applied to the ordinance respecting
the making up for the days in which one has
broken a fast, [and to many other cases,] + un-
defined; in this instance meaning, as to whether
the days may be interrupted, or whether they
must be consecutive. (Mgh.) [Hence,] oCylt
t Difficult things, or affairs, such that one cannot
find the way to perform them. (TA.) And
JUyfH iU—^l, so termed by the grammarians,
t The nouns of indication, (S, K,) such as IJjk and
•Si* and S)\i and &%\: (S:) accord, to Az,
<i »t:« M t_£)j*JI signifies t the particles which
have no derivatives, and of which the roots are
not known, as ^ JJI and U and ^_y> and v >c and
the like. (TA.) Applied to a vow, and to [cer-

260

tain ordinances respecting] marriage and divorce
and emancipation, t From which there is no get-
ting out, or extricating of oneself ; as though they
were closed doors with locks upon them : (Mgh :)
and, applied to prohibited things, f not allowable
in any manner, (T, K, TA,) nor for any cause;
(T,TA;) or prohibited unconditionally; (Mgh;)
as the prohibition of [the marriage with] the
mother, and the sister, (T, Mgh/K, TA,) and

the like : (T, TA :) such a woman is said to be

i * * * * * *• i
J^-y i^Xfr <8 t> .« f [absolutely prohibited to the

man; as though she were closed against him, or

inaccessible to him], (Msb. [But in this last work

it seems to be <Uy?«, which is not agreeable with

common usage.]) In the copies of the K )>w >

and >at v are given as pis. of this word: but it

seems that there is an omission or a misplacement

in the passage ; for these are said to be pis. of

jttyt, as shown above. (TA.) \ In a state of

swooning or insensibility, speechless, and without

discrimination ; in consequence of a blow [&c.].

(TA.) See also JeyJ.

* * * • #- 9 J

jfj£)\ Q* ^.m. ..« t Debarred from the faculty
of speech. (Niftaweyh, TA.)

1. Q, (JK, Msb, K,) aor. Q, (JK,) or ^ ;
(Msb,£;) and ^, aor. ^1' j and ^, aor. J^ ;

(?>•£») ■"»<! ^Jri, [firs' pe™. C-«w,] aor. ^jnii
(K;) inf. n. Jl^ and I'X^; (JK.TA;) He (a
man, S) or it, was, or became, characterized by,
or possessed of, \j, meaning beauty, or goodliness
[ice.]. (JK,S, Mal),K.) = ijfri and Aiyv: see

3. mm ^i, (S, K,) aor. ' , (K,) inf. n. ^, (TA,)
It (a tent, S, K) was, or became, empty, or
vacant : (K : ) or it was, or became, rent, or
pierced with holes, and rendered vacant. (S,
TA.)=4< ^Ji i. q. ^ '£ [q. v.]. (JK.) And
a\j \^yi occurs in a trad., as they relate it, for
Ai \^i. (A'Obeyd, TA in art. \j.)

am , •* 9*

2. «lyy, inf. n. i-y-J, He made it wide, or
ample ; or widened it ; and made it ; namely, a
[i. e. tent, or house]. (K.)

3. «Ulrf, (TA,) [and *y ^j*kt as will be seen

from what follows,] inf. n. 5U£, (S, TA,) He
vied, or competed, with him, or contended with
him for superiority, in beauty, or goodliness, or
in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, or excellence;
he emulated, or rivalled, him therein ; or, simply,
he vied with him ; syn. »ljly ; (TA in art -_^ ;)

and »j»*M. (S* TA.) Hence, in a trad, respecting
'Arafeh, i^j^lt ^ ^U [Tlie angels vie with

them]. (TA.) You say, *££}, ^U^' (Lh, JK,
K*) and t i^' (Lh, JK) i. e. [He vied, or
competed, with me, or contended with me for
superiority, in beauty, or goodliness, &c.,] and I
became, (Lh,) or I was, (JK,) more beautiful,
or goodly, [&c.,] than he, (Lh, JK,) or / sur-
passed him in beauty, or goodliness [&c.]. (K.)

4. i.y/1 He (a man) was, or became, beautiful,
or handsome, in face. (K.)a*i»^1 [He deprived

270

it of beauty, or goodllness ; the t being a priva-
tive, as it often is, like the Greek a: this is pro-
bably the primary signification : (see Freytag's
Arab. Prov. ii. 604 :) and hence, __] He made
it empty, or vacant : (K. :) or he rent it, or
made holes in it : (.1 K. :) or he rent it, or made
holes in it, and rendered it vacant : (S :) namely,
a tent. (J K,S, K.) Hence the saying, ^'JjiJI
\j£ *& U*2 [explained in art. ^] : (JK, S :)
applied to him who injures and does not profit.
(JK.) _ He emptied it ; namely, a vessel.
(A'Oheyd,JK,S,K.)_ J^JI ^1 He freed
the horses from service (JK,S, K) in warfare;
(S, K ;) i. e. he did not go to mar upon the
horse* ; (TA :) or he divested the horses of their
furniture, and did not ride them : or he supplied
the horses amply with fodder, and gave them
rest: but the first is the approved explanation.
(TA.)

6. ly*US They vied, or competed, or contended
for superiority, one with another, [in beauty,
or goodtiness, or] tn glorying, or boasting, or in
glory, or excellence ; they emulated, or rivalled,
one another therein; or, simply, they vied, one
with another; syn. IjJ».UJ. (S,K.)

8. L<rrJ occurs in a verse of El-Aasha for
•jy^. (O, TS, L, on the authority of As, in art.

V*. q- v.)

•*'

yyi Ampleness; or an ample state, or condition:

so in the saying, ^A-jOI &* w .ji y» [JYe w in
an ample state, or condition, of life]: and this is
[said to be] the primary signification. (As, TA.)
__ Anything ample, wide, or spacious. (K.)
[Hence,] ^., ; .».)l iy^ aSU A she-camel wide in
the two sides. (TA.) — _ A wide, or spacious,
tract of land, (K, TA,) tn w/jtcA are no moun-
tains, between two elevated tracts. (TA.)_A
wide covert, or hiding-place, of a [wild] bull,
(JK, K, TA,) which he makes for himself at the

0l

foot of the kind of tree called ^ej\ [q. v.] :
(TA :) pi. [of pauc] Jl^l and [of mult.] ^ and

[quasi-pl.-n.] yj^. (K.)_Any vacant, or in-
tervening, space. (TA.)_The interior of the
chest, or breast, (K, TA,) of a man and of any
beast: (TA:) or the space that intervenes between
the two breasts and the uppermost part of the
chest (K, TA) is called jJLjjl ^J: (TA:) or the
part between [or within] the extremities of the ribs
that project over the belly : (TA:) and in her that
is pregnant, (JK, K,) whatever she be, (JK,) the
resting-place ofthefcetus,between the two haunches:
(JK,K:) pi. [of pauc] %\fi and <vl and [of

3 . a - '

mult] .-yj and [quasi-pl. n.] | « t y [in the TA

a

yjrt, which seems to be a mistake]. (K.) _, A
ten* '/i«i i« placed in advance, before the other
tents: (JK,S,TA:) pi. f(J$. (JK.) In a trad.,

Arabs are spoken of as removing with their X^\.
(TA.)

*\l [originally y^>] : Bee ,— f, in two places.

\\l Beauty, or goodliness: (S,Msb,K:) beauty
of aspect, of mien, or q/" external state or co/i<ft-
fton; (Msb.) a beautiful aspect, that excites

3W — <V

admiration, and satisfies the eye : (TA :) and, as
an attribute of God, (Msb,) greatness, or majesty.

(Msb, Harp. 271.) tThe froth of milk: (JK:)

or the glistening of the froth of milk. (K.) wsm
As an epithet applied to a she-camel, it belongs to
art. lyv [in which it is explained]. (S.)

a * _ .

Urt Possessing the quality, or attribute, of A^t
[i. e. beauty, or goodliness, kc] ; (JK, S, Msb ;)
the beauty of which, (JK,) or the pleasing appear-
ance of which, (TA,) satisfies the eye; (JK,

TA ;) as also 'Ay and t »(/ : the fern, of ,-j is

. m * * _ ' "

iU^j ; of which the pi. is Otyj and O ^j : and the

fem. of ▼*/ is i«^; and the pi. is iU^I. (TA.)

/ 3 / «'

»ly : sec (> _ jv v. ss Also, applied to a <z^ti [° r

tent (see yjri)] t Empty, or vacant; (JK,S,K;)
containing nothing : (S:) or containing little fur-
mture, or few goods or utensils. (TA.)_<UbU jJo
A wide-mouthed well. (K.)

(^^vt [jj/orc, and mwl, beautiful, or goodly ;]
surpassingly, or superlatively, beautiful, ovr/uodly:
fem. Lyj ; which is applied to a woman, and, by
Honeyf El-Han dim, to a she-camel. (Az, TA.)

rot' ' I i

[Hence,] one says, i^Li-1 IjJk oj [TVtw m my
superlatively beautiful quality ; or] this is of the
things in which I vie with others. (AA, ISk.)

1. j-yj, as an intrans. v. : and <C.y/ : sec art. y,i.

I.

$i A skin of a young unweaned camel stuffed

(Lth, T, S, M, K) with straw (Lth, T, M, K) or
with jX^i [i. e. panic grass] (M, K) or with dry
herbage, (M,) to which a she-camel is made to
incline (Lth, T, S) when her young one has died:
(§ :) it is brought near to the mother of the young
camel [that has died], in order that she may in-
cline to it, and yield her milk (M, K) over it.
(M.) — Also A she-camel's young one. (M, K.)
_ And f Stupid ; foolish ; having little sense,
or intellect; as also "^^ ; (IAar,T,K;) applied
to a man: (IAar, T :) fem. Zyj. (K.)^And
£)t, (K,) or ^^1 #, (Lth, T, S, M,) I Ashes :
(Lth, T, S, M, I£ :) so called [as being lifeless,]
by way of comparison [to the stuffed skin of a
young camel]. (M.)

^yi : see above.

i\fyi, mentioned in this art in the S, and also,
as well as in art w^j, in the K: see the latter art.

%0 SS J . 0> *m

\yi )y*>., also written ^£y{ jy%y : sec art. jy*.
p## »0 *
mm il»y je»- : see art. j^..

»

1. 4»l iXt, (M, Mgh,» Msb,* K,) aor. Q, (M,
Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. ly, (M, Mgh,) He returned,
went back, or came back, (M, Mgh, Msb, K,)
to it, (M, K,*) namely, a thing : (M :) or he

[Book I.

withdrew [from a person or persons, or a place,]
to it, or him ; or, perhaps, he made himself solely
and peculiarly a companion, or an associate, to
him, or it; syn. aJaJul [q. v.] : (K :) but in
some copies of the K, the latter explanation is
connected with the former by ^ [and] instead of
jl. (TA.) Al\ J>* ^0»*4 tjjCj [in the Kur
ii. 58 and iii. 108] moans And they returned
with anger from God; (Akh, S, Bd in ii. 58,
and Jcl in the same and in iii. 108 ;) i. c. the
anger of God came ujkhi them : (Akh.S:) or
they returned deserving anger from Ood: (Bo!

in iii. 108 :) or they became deserving of anger

1 • . i 000
Jroin God : from 0^4 O^ *W *uch a one was

deserving of being, or jit to be, slain in retaliation
for suck a one, (Ksh and Bd in ii. 58,) because
his equal : (Ksh ibid. :) the primary signification
of Xyi being [said to be] that of equalling, or being
equal with. (Bd in ii. 58.) [See a similar phrase,

also from the Kur, below.] <v-H a/ Ojj [/

returned with it to him : and hence,] / returned
it, took it back, or brought it bach, to him ; (M,
K ;) as also **3Vt, (Th, M, K,) and «Sj/, (Ks,

M, K,) but this last is rare. (M.) o-Jl. Z,

aor. and inf. n. as above, (T, S,) signifies, accord,
to Akh, He returned [laden] with his sin: (S:)
or, accord, to As, he acknowledged it, or confessed
it : (T :) or, accord, to others, (TA,) aJ j-> Af,

(T,* M, Msb, K,) aor. as above, inf. n. !y and
l\yi, (M, K,) he bore, or took upon himself, the
hui-den of his sin, or crime, or offence; syn.
&&; (Ahoo-Is-hak,T,M,K,TA;) andbecame
[as though he were] t/te abiding-place thereof:
(TA :) or he became burdened, or laden, with it :
(Msb :) or he became, or made himself, answer-
able, responsible, or accountable, for it, by an
inseparable obligation; syn. s^j>jii\; for the pri-
mary signification of l\y> is [stsscrtcd to l>c] J>^$
[i. e. adhesion, &.<•.] ; and it is afterwards used in
every case [so as to imply a meaning of this
kind] according to the exigency of that case ; as
is said in the Nil, and expressly stated by Z and
Er-Riighib: (TA:) or he acknowledged it, or

confessed it. (M,K.) (jo-iL. l£ ^,1 JLjl ^J\
•ilojlj, in the Kur v. 35, means Verily I desire
that thou return [laden] with the sin committed
against me in slaying me, and thy sin which thou
hast committed previously : (Jel :) or J desire
that thou shouldst bear (J^oLj) my sin if I were
to extend my hand towards thee, and thy sin in
extending thy hand towards me : or the sin com-
mitted against me in slaying me, and thy sin for
which thine offering was not accepted : and each
noun is in the place of a denotative of state ; i. e.,
[it means] that thou return involved in the two
sins; bearing them: and perhaps the speakermay
have meant, if that must inevitably take place, I
desire that it may be thine act, not mine ; so that
the real meaning is, that it should not be his, not
that it should be his brother's : or by the ^1 may
be meant the punishment thereof; for the desire
of the punishment of the disobedient is allowable :
(Bd :) accord, to Th, tho meaning is, if thou
have determined upon slaying me, the sin will be
in thee, not in me. (M.) tfi& tJ* yJAj IjjWi

Book I.]

[in the Kur ii. 84] is explained by Aboo-Is-hak
as meaning So they bore the burden of anger
upon anger ; syn. I ^ L,, : *-! ; tliis being said by him
to be the proper signification of the verb : or, as
some say, the meaning is, [they bore the burden
of] tin for which they deserved the fire [of J fell]
following upon sin for which they deserved the
same : or they returned [laden Kith anger upon
anger] : (T :) or they became deserving of anger
upon anger. (Ksh.) [Sec a similar phrase, also
from the Kur, above.] It is said in a form of
prayer, JK+Mij JUI iffit meaning 1 acknowledge,
or confess, to Thee thy favour [towards me, as
imposing an obligation upon me]. (Mgh.) You
say also, *iLj Xi ; (S ;) and *«^ ; (M, K ;) He
acknowledged, or confessed, [himself to be answer-
able, responsible, or accountable, for] his right,
due, or just claim ; (S ;) and so [for] his blood :
(M,K:) the verb expresses acknowledgment, or
confession, always of something for which its
agent is, as it were, indebted, or answerable ; not
the contrary. (S.) — ^JSL/ &, in a poem of
Sakhr-cl-Ghcf, means It [referring to a sword]
became in my hand; my hand became to it a
iiC*, i. c. ^jt* [or place of abode] ; it returned,

and became in my hand: or, accord, to Ibn-

«s - * • • • *

Habccb, »'. q. Jii-1 [»pp. a mistranscription for

Vwv,, f i it rested, or remained; the verb .^ in this
phrase being from l\y signifying ^j), explained
above]. (Skr p. !(>.) = il/ also signifies It (a
tiling, TA) suited, matched, tallied, corresponded,
or agreed. (K.) [Hence,] jil( o*iM iW ('"<■ "•
»jy, TA) Such a one was the like, or equal, of
wch a one, to be slain [in retaliation] for him :
(T:) or became his lihe, or equal, so that he was
slain [in retaliation] for him: (Mgh :) and was
slain for him, (AZ, T,S,) and his blooil became a
comjicnsation for the blood of the other : (T:) or
was deserving of being, or Jit to be, slain in retalia-
tion for him, (Ksh and BiJ in ii. 58,) because his
equal: (Ksh ibid.:) or was slain for him, and so
became equal with him ; (K,"TA;) as also ♦♦iU,
and *»ljW. (M, K.) One says, y &, i. c. lie
thou of such as are slain [in retaliation] for him.
(S.) And it is said in a prov., ^y=Sj j\j£ Oib
'Ardri became slain fin- Kahl : these were two
cows, which smote each other with their horns,
and both died : the proverb is applied to any two
that become equal. (S in this art. ; and the same
and K in art. jc. [See nlso Frcytag's A nib.
Prov. i. 151.])_A*J* iii iV, (T,» M, K,)
inf. n. *yt and l\^{, (M,) lie made his blood equal
with [or an equivalent for] his [i. c. another's]
blood [by shedding the former in retaliation].
(M, K.) And »;V, [or ^ »&,] (M,) or ** t iSfi,

(T, S,) and A/ ♦ »;u£-l, (S,) He slew him [in
retaliation] for him ; (T, S, M;) i. e., the slayer
for the slain. (S.) 0"& W* * J W» [He slew such
a one in retaliation for stick a one] is said when
die Sultan has retaliated for a man upon another
man : and * sty, inf. n. S'.l^l, signifies he (the
Sultan, or another,) slew him in retaliation. (T.)
— :Ti signifies also He exalted himself, or was
proud: app. formed by transposition [of the second

and third radical letters, the ^ being changed
into I,] from ^tj. (Fr,T.)

2. *)jU »\yi He lodged him in an abode; (Fr,
T, M, ]£;) as also JjL ^ »\'yt, (M, K,) and
•$>U t iSfi : (T,» M,*K :) or, as also ^}>u *> \#,
(the latter mentioned by Fr, T,) he prepared for
him an abode, (S, Mgh,) and assigned, or gave,
him a place therein : (S :) and tjl> «3ly and Ot^
lib <J / lodged him in a house: (Msb:) and
UUj Sk\y I took for thee a house : and * \^i
\5}Z j f,; UCo^iJ [in the Kur x. 87] means take
ye two, for your people, in Egypt, houses : (Akh,
T:) or * $y3 [or jjlCe 5>^] signifies a mans
putting a mark upon a place, when it pleases him,
that he may abide there: (El-'Ttrccfec, T :) or
* el wJ lie put it [a place] into a right, or proper,
state; and prepared it: (Sh,* T :) or U*j " I^-j
he took a house as a place of abode, or as a dwcll-
ing : (Msb:) or *fr>» ™ tj-5 /te looked for the
best place that could be seen, and the most level,
or even, and the best adapted by its firmness, for
his passing the night there, and took it as a place
of abode; (Fr, T;) or he took for himself a place
of abode ; (T, Mgh ;) or he alighted and sojourned
in a place of abode : and " ^Uwl he took it as a
5<Uo [or place if abode] : (S :) and ^li^JI ly and
<u t.W» (K) and * f^3 [i. e. <v 1^-3] (Sh,T,K) he
alighted in the jilace, and stayed, or dwelt, in it :
(Sh, T, K :) or <u t.l^t /ie stayed, or (ZwcZ<, <» »'<,

i.e., a ]>lacc: (Akh, T:) and O^ 1 * W /tc

alighted and abode in the place : (M :) [whence,

in the Kur lix. 9,] O^^lj JljjT* 1^3 ^» C*!^
[«n</ </je,y who have made their abode in the City
of the Prophet and in the faith] ; the faith being
likened to a place of abode ; or the meaning may
be oCi^l £>&» \. the P larc °f " ie faith]. (M.)

^)yU £\# (AZ, M) and ^>u ***$ ( AZ > TA )
also signifv 1 T. : alighted and abode with them by
the ff ., or front, of a mountain, where it rose
from its base, (AZ, M, TA,) or next to a river,
or brook. (AZ, TA.) = [Hence, (see »SW»)] bu
(inf. n. l^£y*>, K) t Inivit [feminam] : and he
married [a woman] ; took [her] in marriage : syn.
L& : (M, K :) and also '*£>. (TA. [There
mentioned as a distinct signification.]) The verb
is trans, in these two senses. (TK.) ^ ^-ajJ' <>/
i^^-j He directed the spear towards him ; (T, S ;)
and (T) confronted him with it; (T, M,K;) and
prepared it, or made it ready [to thrust it towards
him]. (TA.)

3. »UW : see c/pu ^J^i ;l/.

lit-t •' in ....

4. <uV : see <UI <u O^y, near the beginning of
this art. — J/^l «W'» (T, S, O, L, and so in some
copies of the K, in other copies of which we find
J^NIj .1,1,) inf. n. I'Xa, (T,) He brought back the
camels to the l'SZ> (T, S, O, L) or o^>> ( K .)
bodi of which signify the place where they are
made to lie down, at the watering-place. (L.)
And j£fl &i ( T » M,) inf. n. as above, (T,) He
made the camels to lie down [in the 5»l?o], one

271

beside another. (T, M.) And 2u 4i* ty He
drove back, or brought bach, to their nightly
resting-place, for him, his cattle, (S, M, TA,)
i.e., Am camels, or his sheep or goats. (S, TA.)
And [hence,] ^.t^JI t^Llj ^ U*i Jye^* * 01 ; W'
[r7o<i bestowed upon them cattle (i. c. camels <Jr.)
which the nightly resting-place thereof would not

contain]. (TA.) See also 2, in four places. __

jfii^ »W //• V ui ine *hin, or Aw/e, into the
tanning liquid. (K.) In die O, the action is
ascribed to a woman. (TA.)ss<lu .V^l He fled

from him. (M, K.) — S-^i ^ ;^3 J"^i yl ftert

Z/*at extends (lit. wm away) into a desert, (T, S,

<.t«
K,) by reason of its amplitude. (TA.) scs ajI^I

I made him to acknowledge, or confess. (M.)
[It seems to be indicated in the M that one says,
^■^Li>»j^ 4j\j\, meaning I made htm to acknom.-
ledge, or confess, himself to be answerable, ^gespon-
sible, or accountable, for the blood of such a one.]
=:Scc also 1, (towards die end of the paragraph,)
in four places.

. . , > * li-" t*&
5: sco 2, in eight places ^y» \yl> J*>j)l

»j\) ^>o \y£j l»£» xUl TVte »w« possesses mastery,
or authority, and power, over his wife, like as he
possesses the same over his house; 6yn. j f t '..,j
ifU. (S, Mgh, Msb.) Sec also 10.

6. IjCj They two (namely, two slain men, M)
became equal [by being slain, one in retaliation
for the other]. (M, K.) It is said in a trad.,
hss^i O' ^*V°' > incorrectly related as being
IjiUi ; (S, Mgh ;) meaning He (the Prophet)
ordered them that they should be equal in retalia-
tion, in dicir fighting : (Mgh :) die occasion of
the order was this : there was a conflict between
two tribes of the Arabs, and one of the two tribes
had superior power over the other, so they said,
" We will not be content unless we slay, for tho
slave of our party, the free of their party ; and for
the woman, the man :" A'Obcyd holds the former
reading to be die right. (T.)

10. «<A-Z-1 : see 2. _ In the following verse of
Zuheyr Ibn-Abec-Sulmu,

*'* • J 9» * ' t • ' ' 2 * J ' I 9* t mS St*

* iLUi w~, jU. j\jjj * L.JA Ij^l l^*o j\JoXi •

ISk says that the ^.** is one who is entitled to
respect, or honour, or protection ; and that «Ui— j

»fS**J ,

is syn. with " fy~»> meaning n.7<o.«c wife is taken
as a wife [by another man] : but Aboo-'Amr Esh-
Sheybancc says that »1~~j is from «'I_jJI, meaning
"retaliation:" [and accord, to this interpretation,
which is the more probable, the verse may be
rendered, And I have not seen a company of men
who have made captive one entitled to respect, or
honour, or protection, nor have I seen one who
has begged the protection of the people of a house,
or of a tent, slain in retaliation:] for, he says,
he came to them desiring to beg their protection,
and they took him, and slew him in retaliation
for one of themselves. (T.) See 1, near the end

of the paragraph. —^^aJl OUwl, and V^JL., /
asked the judge to retaliate upon a slayer; to slay
the slayer for the slain. (M.)

ton

!V : see i'Af. n A libidinous man. (TA in w>ly
A^JUI <JU^t.) =» The wime 0/ < A« /*««• v> <1- ▼• ;
as also V : pi- of the former ol«W ; and of the
latter i\#t. (TA ubi supra.) The dim. is %£,
meaning A little v : llII( ' "■ V faintly pronounced:
[and app. «u y also, as the medial radical is gene-
rally held to be j :] and in like manner is formed
the dim. of every similar name of a letter. (Lth,
on the letter .U-, in TA, a^JJt uU^I vW-)

5iW : we »:U«, in three places, mm Also, (T, S,
M, Mgh, Msb, £,) and ♦ & (I Aar, T, S, M, £,)

and i*0, with the • changed into », (TA,) and »V,
(I Aar, T, Msb,) with I and •, but IKt asserts this
last to be a mistranscription, (Msb, TA,) [though
it is of very frequent occurrence,] and iAmb says

that i'Xi is sing., or n. un., of fy, llII( l *W [or S.ly]
has for pi. OUl/, (TA,) J Coitus conjugalis : and
marriage : syn. pU*» (T, Msb) and «-l£i (As,
Fr, T, §, M, Mgh, $) and Ij^J : (T :) from i$

signifying a place of abode ; [see «;(*• ;] (T, S,*
Mgh, Msb ;) because it is generally in a place of
abode ; (Mgh, Mfb;) or because the man possesses
mastery, or authority, and power, over his wife,
like as he possesses the same over his house : (S,
Mgh, Msb : see :) S«V is applied [also] to the
marriage-contract ; because he who takes a woman
in marriage lodges her in a place of abode. (T.)
[See also »W, in art. «y.] It is said in a trad.,
--jj^Ai S.U I jf±+ cUa^l ^ja He who is able, of
you, to marry, let him marry: (T:) or a prefixed
noun is here suppressed ; the meaning being, he
who finds [or is able to procure] the provisions
(Oy*) of marriage, let him marry. (Msb, TA.)
And one says, S.UI ^J* u*ij*- u*^* Such a one
is vehemently desirous of marriage. (As, T.)

•'• » •' in-

3£tt a subst. from ^>u »1y. (M,K.) [See 2;

and] see also 5.U*. _ A mode, or manner, of

taking for oneself a place of abode : (M :) and

[hence,] a state, or condition. (AZ, T, S, M, K.)

09 $ JS

You say, i^-Jl ^>...». J «Jt Verily he has a good
mode, or manner, of taking for himself a place of
abode: (M :) or verily he is of good state or
condition. (8.) And ;^-> i^ «^>W -J/e passed the
night in an evil state or condition (AZ,T,S,* M.)

*\yt Equal; equivalent ; like; alike; a match;
(Akh, T, 9, M, Mgh, $ ;) and particularly, if
slain in retaliation for another. (M.) It is ap-
plied to one, and to two, and to more: bo that
you say, ^"iH» i\yi £f}i Such a one is the equal,
&c, of such a one if slain in retaliation for him ;
(M :) and l\yt yk He is an equal, fee. ; and so ^k

9*00 • m A J

she : and ,\yi j,h They are equals, &c. ; and so j>»
they, referring to females: (Mgh:) and H^-**
^1 I jJL ^ They are equals in this affair. (T.)
Hence, in a trad, of 'Alee, respecting witnesses,
•V 'y^ 3 'i' WA«i tA«y are equals in number
and rectitude. (Mgh.) And ;Urf o*^ O^ ^
SmcA a otw if no< an equal, ice, to such a one.
(T.) Aj»d 9^*>JJ *«* ^jij>> The blood of
such a one is an equivalent for the blood of such a

one. (§.) And tly oWtjaJt Wounds are to be
retaliated equally: a trad'. (T, Mgh.) And
•|y ^yl* >>UI 7%* people, or company of men,
are in a state of equality. (T.) And JUM^i-S
$yi (_jA* ^v-- 1 The property was divided among
them equally. (T. [A similar ex. is given in the
Mgh, and explained in the same manner; but
there I find fyi&*i perhaps a mistranscription.])
And j^Ij ;ly^ ^ ly/^-U jtsA i^ i m [in a copy of

the M j>»-1j »l^ (^*] Wt spoke to them, and
they replied with one reply : (T, S, O, K :*) i. e.,
their reply was not discordant: ^e. being hero
used in the sense of *_>. (TA.) _ Also Retalia-
tion. (T.) [See 1, neur the end of the paragraph :
as well as in other places.] It is related in a trad.,
that Jaafar Es-Sadik, being asked the reason of
the rage of the scorpion against the sons of Adam,
said, >I^JI jsjj [It desires retaliation] ; i. e., it
hurts like as it is hurt (TA.)

^jSl^ and 1\j$)\i rel. ns. of l\f and l^ the names of

the letter v ; (TA in 1&}\ uU^I vW ;) and t^^
is a rel. n. of the same. (M in art. _>.)

•it* 1 ) « -

2 ., > we ijy

IS**: )

i'.\~e The nightly resting-place of camels ; (T ;)
the resting-place of camels, where they are made
to lie down, at the watering-place ; (T, S* M, #
L, X ;*) and of sheep or goats likewise ; also

termed * l^-io : (L, TA:) or the place to which

camels return; (Mgh;) as also "ify: (Mgh,
Msb :) this is the primary signification. (Mgh.)
_ Hence, (Mgh,) A place of abode (T, S, M,
K) of a people, in any situation ; (T, S ;) as also

t I^U (Bd and Jel in x. 93) and 1 1£ (M, K)

and *i;W; (S,* M, Mgh, Msb/ %. ;) which last
is hence applied in another sense, explained before,
voce »»l/ : (Mgh, Msb :) or a place where people
alight and abide next to a valley, or to the face,
or front, of a mountain, where it rises from its
base ; [see *^>u j^yi i] &s also T »'&. (T.)

*** ' J m e* J

[Hence,] «;t«*H yt»-j >* t^T« u largely boun-
tiful. (TA.) Also The croer* of the wild bull.

(S, K.*) — A nest of bees in a mountain : (M,
I£ :) or, accord, to the T, the nightly resting-place
of bees ; not there restricted by mention of the
mountain. (TA.) __ The part of the womb where
the child kas its abode ; (M ;) the part thereof

which is the child's ' \y£*». (K.) _ A well has
what are termed ^jU;U«, which are The place
where the water returns to [supply the place of]
that which has [before] collected in the well [and
been drawn], (M,) or the place where tlie water
collects in the well; (TA voce i>U ;) and the
place where stands the driver of the 4JU [q. v.].
(M.) [See also l^di; and v^O

it-* a»-U- A want that u vehement, or pressing,
Q£,'iA. t ') and necessary. (TA.)

l~», in three places.

[Book I.

V*

I

1

*>*'' I 2,7"
f^ } see ».Ui

■Z--J 1

■fro J i'

1. a) ^l^, aor. v>^> (M, K,) quasi-inf. n., if
there be such a verb, i/y , with the j not changed
into i£ because it is not an inf. n. properly speak-
ing, but a subst., (Lth, T,) He was, or became, a
door-keeper, or gate-keeper, to him; (M,K;)
namely, a Sultan (M) [or other person].

2. w>y [app., \He practised what are termed
•->jaJ\ jIjjI, meaning the expedients, tricks, or

stratagems, of war, battle, or fujht And hence,]

file charged upon, attacked, or assaulted, the
enemy. (AA, T.)s= rt^£*$l CylJJ +/ r7w<ie M«
//(/»£/* <o 6e divided into distinct »->lyl [meaning
A?nrf«, or sort? ; or 7 disposed, arranged, distri-
buted, or classified, tke things under distinct heads],

(Msb.) And v»l>^' W t[xM disposed, ar-
ranged, distributed, classified, or set t'n order, the
kinds, sorts, classes, chapters, heads, or the like],
(TA voce JJ>), q. v.) And ^L£» dUpl v ^
t [The author disposed, or divided, his book in, or
tMfo, distinct chapters], (A.) [See a^V/.]

5. SyJ, (A,) or C& v*3, (?,M,K,) Jf«
<ooA ./or himself a door-keeper, or gate-keeper.
(S,M,A,£.)

* ' * "

vW, originally ^yi, (M, Msb,) A door; a

gate ; a place of entrance : and the thing with
which a place of entrance, such as a door or gate,
is closed; of wood <Jr. ; (MF, TA :) pi. ._>1^l
(S, M, Msb, K) and o^ (M,K) and l^t, (S,
M, K,) [a pi. of pauc, said to be] only used for
conformity with another word mentioned there-
with, as in the saying (of Ibn-Mukbil, so in a
copy of the S),

• iiffi -.^ ie-i.1 JU* •

[A frequent render of tents, a frequent enterer of
doors], (S, M,) not being allowable when occur-
ring alone; (S ;) but I Aar and Lh assert that it
is a pi. of w>W without its being used for con-
formity with another word ; (M ;) and this is
cxtr. ; (M, K ;) for ^>\f is of the measure JJii,
and a word of this measure has not a pi. of the
measure iUil [by rule]. (M.) You say, ^>if
jtjJI [The door of the house] ; and c-^JI w»^
[the door of the house, and of tke chamber, and of
the tent] ; (Msb ;) and jJui vW [the gate of the
town or city]. (The Lexicons &c. passim.) And
Bishr Ibn-Abee-Hazim assigns a ^>l/ to a grave ;
calling the latter a C-*j. (M.) It is also applied
to an opening, or a channel, made for water, to
irrigate seed-produce : pi. wM^M. (Mgh.) [And
in Egypt, it is applied also to A sepulchral cham-
ber, grotto, or cave, hewn in a mountain ; from
the Coptic faff: pi. (J^rf only.] _ Hence, i. e.
in a secondary application, the primary significa-
tion being "a place of entrance," it is used as
meaning J A means of access, or of attainment, to
a thing : (B, Kull, TK :) as in the saying, I jj»
\JSs jg^t. ^J\ w-I^^jOI l Thu science is a means
of attainment to such a science. (B,TK.)__
[And hence, \An expedient, a trick, a stratagem,
or a process, by which something is to be effected :

pi. w>^' : ^ '" Vj*- 11 ^i^ the expedients, &c.,

Book I.]

,± . * .
of war, battle, or fight ; and v»>»~Jt ^y, ^>\j a

process of the science of the stars, meaning astro-

logy or attronomy ; and ^....Jl ^>» ^>\f a process

of enchantment ; bco an ex. voce j^~>- Compare
Malt. xvi. 18, iri'Aai 53ov oi lumvjpnmtw aiVij?,
probably meaning " the stratagems of Hell shall
not prevail against it. "J __ [Also \A mode, kind,
sort, class, or category.] Suwcyd Ibn-Kunia uses
metaphorically the pi. vly' m relation to rhymes ;
saying,

.it. ■- -»t > >-t

• l*il£> ij\jii\ yt^W ^t *

'*> » ' * *• * » >t

J [I gave utterance to the various hinds of rhymes
as though I were driving with them a herd of
wild animals desirous of the males, or of their
wonted places of pasture]. (M, L.) [You say
also, w>UI Ijjk ^y, yh t It is of this mode, hind,
tort, class, or category : a phrase of frequent
occurrence in lexicons &c. See also iyC.]_[Also
-t A chapter; and sometimes a section, or sub-
division, of a chapter; of a book or writing;]
conventionally, \ a piece consisting of words re-
lating to matters of one kind ; and sometimes, to
matters of one species : (Kull :) pi. wJ^t. (A.)
See also iyW- _ [Also t A head, or class of items
or articles, in an account, or a reckoning; as in the

saying,] ^W WW <V^— »■ *l &* tl t [I explained, or
made clear, to him his account, or reckoning,
head by head, or each class of items or articles
by itself ]; a phrase mentioned by Sb: (M:) [or,
sometimes,] »_jC (M, K) and ♦ i>C (T, M, K) are
used in relation to .jjju*. [which here means the
punishments so termed], and to an account, or a
reckoning, (T, M , K,) and the like, (T, M,) as
signifying the extreme term or limit ; syn. ajU ;
(M, K ;) but IDrd hesitated respecting this, and
therefore it is not mentioned in the 8. (TA.)

•' ' * * '

2u\j \A mode, or manner; syn. *g»j : (ISk,

^[ :) pi, OWW- (KO [Sec also ^>\i, which has a
similar, and perhaps the same, signification.]
Hence, ..WW t>* 'J 1 * means t This is of the
mode, or manner, that I desire ; (TA ;) this is
suitable to me: (IAmb, TA :) and ^ 2^ tjut
iLVW, (?,) or il^W <i*» (A,) t'/'U « a rA»H<7
suitable to thee : (S, A :) and <Ol> ljuk t this is
suitable to him. (K.) Accord, to most of the

critics, it is tropical. (TA.) You say also, ^j'^i
$ * # * j * tt

_> JjJ! ajWW OV* 1 t <S>ucA a one, <Ae lightest of

-•i
</ie AtW* (clyl) o/Au wickedness is lying. (A.)

__ f A habit: a property; a quality; nature;

natural disposition : or a practice; or an action:

■yn. JUol. (Abu-l-'Omeythil, TA.) [Hence,

perhaps, the last of the exs. cited above from the

A.] — t A condition; syn. **jZ>: as in the saying,

IJuL Ll, IJuk t [7V(M u the condition of this].

(M, «:.•) y^ 1 «^WW t The lines of the book

or writing: (M, A, £:) or it may mean t<»

» wjIjjI [i. e. chapters, or sections of chapters] :

(M :) this has no sing. : (A, K :) [ISd says,] I

have not heard any sing, of it. (M.) __ See also

vW ", last signification.

• «•»

Il/y -A desert; or a <&wer< tn which it no water;

Bk. I.

syn. r&: (T.IJ.M.^:") as also iU^.; (T,MF;)
the w> being changed into >, as is often the case.
(MF.) [It is mentioned in the S, and again in

• > " *

the K, in art. y, as syn. with <jUU.]

iily The office, or occupation, of a door-keeper,
or gate-keeper. (M, K.) [Seel.]

^>\yt A door-keeper, or gate-keeper. (S,*M,
Msb, K, TA.)

ijj-c olyl t [Ai'»«*, *or<.t, classes, chapters,
heads, or Me /iAc', disposed, arranged, distributed,
classified, or set in order,] is a phrase similar
to <U:.^i< oUol. (S.) You say also -_;>»-* j^
t [A ftooA disposed in, or divided into, distinct
chapters], (A.)

Quasi ^y

-.b ; pi. ,-lyl : see art. »-b. AZ mentions it
as without . : ISk, as with ». (ISd, TA.)

1. IXi, (A,Msb,K,) aor. -.^o, (Msb,) inf. n.
»->j, (A, Msb,) it (a secret, A, or a thing, Msb)
became apparent, or manifest. (A,Msb,K.) You
say, r I" fc U »-W [IFifto* / concealed became
apparent]. (A.) And j-Jt «-y ,>• "^W i^*'
jiJI wA...^ [I seek protection by God from the
appearing of the secret, and the removing of the
veil, or covering]. (A.):=aj --V, (?, A,Msl>,

K,) [aor. as above,] inf. n. ~y and »-j>j and

a».^, (K,TA,) 7/e revealed, or disclosed, it;

(S, A, Msb, KL ;) namely, a secret, (S, A, !r>.,) or

a thing; (Msb;) as also *4^W'- (A, Msb, K.)

It (the former) is said to be from t i^-WN' [tlic

inf. n. of the latter] signifying The showing a

thing to the beholder in order that he who will

. .. i . i . .t
may take it. (TA.) You say, aj »-Ui lj-» " a».U

He revealed to him a secret, and he (the latter)

[revealed it, i. e.,] did not conceal it. (TA.)

And <U» ^^O "i)j ■*>> ,tV -^> [Tiei-crtZ f/tou fAy

name, anrf maAe not a mere allusion to it]. (A.)

4. 9-W> i"£ n - i^-WI : Bee 1, in three places. _
ia-Ot and " *»-UlwI are used as syn. : but it is
said that the former signifies The making a thing
allowable, or free, to him who desires it, or seeks
it : and the latter, the taking a thing as allowed,
allowable, free, or lawful. (MF.) You 6ay, .-W 1

i t JLi\ He made the thing allowable, or free. (L.)
And a)U mXA He gave permission either to take
or let alone his property ; made it allowable, or
free, either way one might choose to take. (Msb.)
And ifji" <ti£m p J made, or have made, the
thing allowable, free, or lawful, to thee, (S, L, K,
TA,) to take it, [or let it alone,] or do it, [or
make use of it,] or possess it; but not by the law
of the religion, for to do this belongs to God and
his apostle ; except in the language of this law.
(MF, TA.) [Hence it is said that] Lajl bears a
signification similar to that of {Jt yi [i. e. Spolia-
tion; a taking of spoil; or the taking a thing

273

as spoil; a signification more properly belonging
to the inf. n. of 10, q. v.]. (L.)

10. rt^-l.:„.l He deemed it, or esteemed it, to
be allowed, allowable, free, or lawful ; namely,
the property of another : (A :) or he took it as
allowed, allowable, ice. (A,* MF.) See 4._—
He took it as spoil, or plunder. (T A. ) — He
made an attack upon it ; namely, the property of

another. (Msb.) He took him captive, making

him as a lawful possession to him. (TA.)_
And J£l£l, ($,) or^^-Cill, (S,) He, or
they, extirpated, or exterminated, them. (S, 50

f-yt has the following various significations
assigned to it in explanations of the saying, ilL>l
JU.^9 ^ v^ ^yi CW»: (?»TA:) The
penis: (S, %, Har p. 336:) the «.> [or puden-
dum, app. meaning, of a woman] : (K, Har
p. 328 on the authority of AO :) the y-ii [mean-
ing one's self] : (I Aar, T, S, Meyd, L :) coitus ;
syn.;&) (S)or pU*-: (K:) and accord, to the last
but one of these renderings, [and virtually accord,
to the others also,] the saying means Thy son it
the son of thyself, [who drinkt of thy morning-
draught] ; (T, TA ;) he whom thou hast begotten,
not he whom thou hast adopted : (I Aar, and Mtr
in Har p. 328 :) or ~y, here, is pi. of i»-L. ; (A,
TA, Har p. 336 ;) and the meaning is, he who
has been born within the courtt of thy house ;
(A ;) or, in the court of thy house, (TA, Har,)
not in the house of another : (TA :) or ,-y is

here a subst. from : I _ 5 ^W ^-W i & n <* the meaning
is, thy son is he whom thou hast openly acknow-
ledged (<v *S«— ^)i and whom his mother hath
also, agreeably with thee: (Harp. 328:) [accord,
to some,] it signifies also t. q. J»ol [l. e. ongxn;
or race, or stock, which it may mean in the saying
above : or original, or primary, state, or condition] ;
(K, Har p. 328 ;) [for] one says, **■# ,Jl p.;
[He returned, or reverted, to his original, or
primary, stale, or condition]. (Har p. 328.)

i».b The court ; or a spacious vacant part, or
portion, in which it no building ; syn. *»-C, (S
A, K,) and <L>jC ; (A, TA ;) of a house or dwell-
ing: (S,TA:) pi. ly [q.v.]. (A.TA.) Hence

v. a i ' 1 1 j
[is said to be derived] jljJt 3U »yt^ [mentioned in

art p-f]. (TA.) One says also, jljJI JU-W ^ O m ^ i >
meaning We are in the middle, or midst, or best
part, of the abode, or district, or country ; i. e.

Wlwjt. (TA.) And hence, accord, to Fr, -..^.J
[explained in art. -_>]. (Az, TA.) It is said in
a trad., '^ Jij*A\ imA/ < yo ;L-JJ ^.J, meaning
[Women Aare no rt^A<] in the middle of the road.
(TA.) — Also The main part or body of water :
(^ :) applied by most of the lexicologists to the
sea. (TA.) [In the present day applied to A
deep part of the sea, distant from land; the
deep ; the main, or main sea.] _ And Many
palm-trees. (Aboo-Sarim El-B&hdalee, I Aar, K.)

U-ly a t i*« *{ »j*\ He ordered htm to disobey,
or rebel, openly. (K.) The last word occurs in
this sense in two trads. ; but in one of* them,
accord, to one recital, it is U-l^. (TA.)

35

274

• " ■ »

»j J-o j^j U_i 5-*V >* "* '•' one W ^° reveals,
or disclose*, what is in his bosom ; as also (j**-^
and ^jU~o ; (K;) the ^ being originally j.
(TA.)

--L* Allowed or allowable [to be taken, or let
alone, or done, or made use of, or possessed;
sco 4] ; made allowable, free, or lawful; contr.
of)^aLU. (§,A.)

LJj\ The lion. (K.)

id'" J J'

1. jUt c-*.l/, (S, A, L, ^,) nor. f-yj, inf. n.
»-y and f-}yi nnd O 1 *-*?, (L,) The fire abated;
or became allayed : (S, L, £ :•) or became ex-
tinguished, or quenched. (A.) And j»Jt *-b, The
//<•«/ abated, or became allayed. (S, A,TA.)_
[Hence,] ,.«■ II ^-*-L> \ The f ever abated, or
became allayed. (S.) And jj^JI *i* »-U. t 2/7*
yirer abated, or remitted. (A, TA.) And »-b,
o.rfit { //i.i (uujrr abated, or became assuaged.
(§,* A, £.•) And U^x- -yj U ^>jm~ _^&

J Between them is war of which the fire does not
become extinguished, or i/uenched. ( A.) — [ Hence
also,] «^b, likewise signifies \IIe became fatigued,

(S, L, K,) and out of heath. (L.) You say,
~-L> ^y^- I jkt (S, A, L) I 7/e ran until he became
fatigued (S, L) and out of breath. (L.) — t Jle
(a man) flagged; or became remiss, or languid.
(TA.) Also, inf. n. Ijjtf, t -ft (flesh-meat)

became altered, or changed in odour or otherwise
for the worse, (1£,TA,) and corrupted, or tainted.
(TA.)

4. «.0,l Tie extinguished, or quenched, fire. (A,
K.) And lie (God) abated, or allayed, tlic heat
(A.) [ Hence,] ^£t ijJUl ~\j\ \[IIe extin-
guished, or assuaged, the discard, or rancour, or
enmity, that was between them]. (A,TA.)_
And S***)) i>» «iU* i_jl I Stay thou until the

midday-heat shall have become allayed, and the
air be cool. (lAar, TA in art. ,—i and in the
present art.)

j^y A state of confusion, or perplexedness.
(S, £.) You say, jtyA ^^JiJiL They are
in a state of confusion, or perplexedness, with
respect to their affair, or case. (S, !£.*) And it
is said iu a pro v., ~y>) i=>jj ^ '>".?> meaning

They fell into evil, or mischief, and altercation.
(Mcy'd,TA.)

1. jb, inf. n. jy and jly : see art. j-j.

J*
1. jV, (S, If, Msb,) aor. j^, (Msb,) inf. n.

jl^ (Lth,T,§,M,S) and jy, (M,$,) or jV,
(Msb,) /Je, (S,) or it, (Msb,) perished. (Ltli,
T,9,M,M»b,¥0 You say, bjjwj I^W [They
became extinct, and perished]. (A.) _- [Hence,]

^oj^\ OjV t The land was, or became, in a bad,
or corrupt, state, and uncultivated; (K,* TA ;)
was unsown. (A.)_ And *±+* jU f Hit work
was, or proved, vain, or ineffectual: such is the
signification of the verb in the Kur xxxv. 11. (S,
K.)_ And jC, (T, S, &c.,) aor. as above, inf. n.
j\yf, (Msb,) I It (a thing, Msb, or commodity,
T, S, A,Mgh) was, or became, unsaleable, or diffi-
cult of sale, or in little demand: (T, S, A, Mgh,
Msb :) because a thing, when neglected, becomes
of no use, and thus resembles that which perishes.

(Msb.) — And jyJI ojb', (T, M,) inf. n. Jy
and jly, (K,) t The market 7vas, or became, stag-
nant, or </««//, wif/i respect to traffic. (T, M, K.)

— And^JI OjW, (A,) inf. n. jl*', (T,S,K,)
t 77*c woman without a husband was not desired,
or sought fur : (A:) or remained in her house
long without being demanded in marriage. (T,
If.)^[jW is also used a8 an imitative sequent
of jt». ; like as ^ is of ^l». : see exs. in art.

j$»-.]^A»UI jV, (T, S, A, K,) aor. as above,
(T, S, A,) inf. n. jy, (S,) He brought the she-
camel to tlie stallion to see if she were pregnant
or not: (T, S, A, K :) for if the is pregnant,
she voids her urine in his. face (S, K) when

he smells her. (S.) Also He (the stallion)

smelt the she-camel to know if she were preg-
nant or not ; (T, S, M, K ;) and so ♦ UjU/l.
(S, M.)_ Hence the snyuig, ^j^li jja U ^J w
J TV-y </iou, or examine, and learn, for me, what
is in tlie mind (»^-*» S) of such a one. (S, A.*)
You say, t^, (T, S, M, K,) aor. as above, (T,
S,) inf.n. ]'yt; (T, M, K ;) nnd t^t, (M,)
int. n. jU^l ; (S, K ;) meaning t He tried him ;
assayed him; proved him by experiment or ex-
perience; examined him. (T, S, M, K.) El-
Kumcyt says,

• tijl^iUl^ljl^l Uli • UJUI Ooii {J i^ -~j •

(T, S) ; It were foul in the like of me to charac-
terize the damsel either by false accusation or by
trying, with speaking truth, to elicit what is in
her mind (Ujufi U [i. c. l^-iu ^J Le, agreeably
with an explanation given above]): (S, TA:) or

♦ IjUjI, which is without «, here signifies by
asserting with truth my having had sexual inter-
course with her : (TA :) [for] UyUjI signifies he
asserted with truth that he had had sexual inter-
course with her ; and l*jy^1 " he asserted the
same falsely:" (A'Obeyd, T:) and the former
signifies also he had sexual intercourse with her
(K, TA) by force ; he ravished her : (TA :) or
fy\ signifies he charged, or upbraided, a person
with that which was not in him; and ^yil "he
charged, or upbraided, with that which was iu
him." (TA in art. j^.)

4. Ojl^l He (God) destroyed him; caused him
to perish. (S, M, A, K.)
8 : sec 1, in four places.

J** ^j'» (A'Obeyd, T, &c.,) in which the latter
word is an inf. n. [of 1] used as an epithet, (IAth,)
\ Land not sown; (A'Obeyd, T, S, IAth ;) as also
* } \y>, [likewise an inf. n. used as an epithet,] of
which tlie pi. is jy : (A, IAth :) or land before
it is prepared for sowing (AHn, M, K) or plant-

[Book I.

ing : (AHn, M :) or land that it left to lie fallow
one year, that it may be sown the next year: (K:)
and 1ji<tJ>J, (Zj.M,?:,) and*S^W, (Zj,K,)
and * i yf, [which is originally an inf. n.,] (£,) or
t^j^l ~jyii [in which tlie former word may be
pi. of jly, mentioned above,] (M,) J land that
is in a bad state, and uncultivated, (K,*TA,)
iniso7on, (M, TA,) and nut planted : (TA :) or

left unso7rti. (Zj, M.) You say also, ir-«> 'id
hi* j*}'£~+ \Their abodes became void, having
nothing in thc7n. (Fr, T.)__Scc also j^.

jyi A bad, or co7~rnpt, man ; (S, A, K ;) and
one (M, K) in a state of perdition; (S, M, A,
K ;) in whom is 7io good; (S, K;) originally an
inf. n., (Fr, T,) and [therefore, as an epithet,]
applied also to a female, (AO, T, S, M, K,) and
to two pei-sons, and more : (AO, T, M, rj[:) [but
sec what here follows:] 1jj\j, also, signifies bad,
or corrupt; destitute of good; (Zj, M;) a man
in a state of perdition; (AO,T, S;) and its pi.,
(K,) or rather cpiasi-pl., (M,TA,) is tjy, (M,
K,) like as^sy is of ^50, aml>»yo of^l^; (M,
TA;) and another pi. of the same is jyt, (AO,
T,S, M,) like as J 5 ». is of J5U., or, accord, to
some, as Akh states, this is a dial. Tar., not a pi.,
otJSHf. (S.) — Sec also jy, in tl i roc places. =

i#5 /y*- lj^ ^\ ( A > TA [ ,,Mt '" tl,c ,attrr » J*r
is |iut for j>»-]) Verily they arc in a state of

deficiency, or tlctrime/tt. (TA.) Sec also yC.

*•- i * » ^ * *

[And s<;e j^.] You say also, .-i ^^i v «Ai

" jlyJIj jh>a»JI Such a one 7cent a/ray in a defec-
tive and bad state. (L, TA in art. jy»-.)

3 - 3 , »- -

^5jW and »(_£>>» and * ijjlj (As, S, M, K) and

*i3jy (M,K) and t JUjC and t ^jj, (S, M,
K,) all anihici/ed words, from the Persian, (M,)
A woven mat, (M, K,) made of reeds; (S ;) tvkut'
is called in Persian Wjy '• (A?, K :) or a rough
j~aa. [or mat], (Msb in art. ^jjj [to which the
word* belong accord, to Fci, and the same is
asserted to Iw the case by some others].) [The

pi. is t^j'y-] It is said iu a trad., ^£jj "^ ,jl&

\Si^ L5^ »^-fiJW L-W explained as meaning

He did not sec any harm in prayi/ig upon a mat

made of reeds. (TA.) Accord, to some, (M,)

A 7-oad; syn. Jjjj» : (K, M :) [so, perhaps, in

the trad, cited above :] arabicized. (K.)
3 , 3 .

l j j3 j : sec i^jW. 'n two places. = Also A kind

offish ; [a species of 7nxdlct, the 7nvgil cepkalus
of Limionis, of the roc and milt of which is made
what the Italians call botargo, and the Arabs
•-jUv, and, accord, to Golius, l£py ;] so called

from a town in Egypt, named »jy, (£,) between
Tinnces and Dimyat, of which there arc now no
remains. (TA.)

*ij* : | 3

sec ,^,0.

Book T.j

• " . * '

j\yj, an inf. n. of 1 : see jy, last sentence. _

[Hence,] jby, like _>»U»5, [an indecl. noun,] Per-
dition : (El-Ahmar, S, M, K. :) as in the saying,
jU^JI ,J* jl^ cJp Perdition fell upon the unbe-
lievers. (El-Ahmar, S, TA.) = Sec also jy.

^jly A Mflttr of mats of the hind called ^jC
&c. '(£.)

•_ # i j • # • * i * *

y\j : sec jy/. — You say also _pV jiU- J*-j,
(T, S, M, A, K,) and *j^ j^L ^J, (A,) mean-
ing A man who does not apply himself rightly,
(T, S, TA,) or has not applied himself rightly,
(K,) to anything ; (T, S, K;) erring; losing his
way; (T;) who will not do right of his own
accord, nor obey one directing him aright : (K :)
it may be from the signification of laziness, or
sluggishness, and it may be from that of perdition :
(M :) [or] yV> is here an imitative sequent of
_pW. (S.) [Respecting the latter phrase, see also
art. j^—.] — See also jyt, in two places.

jy~» y)»-i A stallion-camel that hnows the state
of the female, whether she be pregnant or not.
(M,A,£.)

jt~» A destructive man, acting exorbitantly in
destroying others. (TA, from a trad.)

j\j i, q. jV ; [see art. jjt;] (S, K;) a dial. var.
of the latter ; (S ;) as also jW I (I J, TA :) dual.
O'jW: (¥••') pL [of ]>auc] jl^l and [of mult.]
j(jtf- (?,K:) the dual of fi is ji}<i, (K;)
and the pi. is S£ (S, K) and JljI. (£.)

1. a->L>, aor. t-iyti, (S,) inf. n. ^yy>, a Persian
word, arabicized, (S, A, ]£,) He hissed him. (S,
A, I£.) You say also, yjbjty <J ^J^ He kissed
the ground to him. (A, TA.)

sjtyi* Kissed: you say, Ijiij t^*** iU^L-v^ojJI

^yyw* wJI [TVany t/jy carpet is hissed, and
to-morrow thou art imprisoned]. (A.)

1. ijiW> »or. o->rt> inf. n. »»>->6 -We mixed, or
confounded. (Fr.) See also v^"> m art - »:■>>*•
__ 7/e associated with ±r>yi, meaning, people of
the lowest or basest or meanest sort. (IAar.)_
\yi>(i, (K,) inf. n. as above, (A, K,) They (mixed
people, A, K, of the lowest or basest or meanest
sort, TA) cried out, or vociferated; or did so
calling for aid or succour; or in distress and im-
patience; or in fear. (A, ]£.)

2. l>-y> inf. n. J^iyi>, They became mixed, or
confused : (K :) or numerous, and mixed or con-
fused: (TA :) and t ly^J signifies the same. (]£.)

5. see 2.

i£^ vl mixed or confused assembly or company :
(A, K:) or an assembly, or a company, of mixed
or confused people: (§:) or only o/ different

)# — £#

tribes : or a multitude of men : as also *t>-^» in
these several senses : (K :) and, accord, to the
women of Temeem, of beasts also: (Aboo-'Adnan,
TA in art. ^A**" :) or people of tlie lowest or basest
or meanest sort : (I Aar :) or a family, or house-
hold : (ISd:) and [it is said by F that] it also
signifies sons of the same father, when assembled
together: (K :) resembling a contr. signification
to that mentioned above, which restricts the appli-
cation to such as are of different tribes : but it is

said in the O, that X>"^\ yj, [app. a mistake for

t **
w^l yj, meaning sons of the same father,] when

assembled together, are not called by this name :

• .»>
(TA :) t>Hyl ' s a pl» of tms word, formed by

transposition. (S.) You say, \^>y.^ u->* ^j h$^f

They came in assemblage and multitude. (A.)

And tAjJfj i^i^y)! ^Ul ^y* ;U. TAe multitude

of the people came: (AZ:) or the assembly and

1 Q ' O l J ' .

family or household. (ISd.) And \J^^tt^£>jj
li yi 1 left them [in great numbers and] in confusion.
(K.) And tjbti J^, (S,K,) or tJiQ tJ^J,
(CK,) [app. A numerous, or far<7C, assembly of
mi"-ed or confused people.] And fyJjUl t^ij-JLi ;U.
7/e cjtoc with multitude, or <Ae multitude. (TA.)

! ' ••'

(jijV ■ sec t^t^, in three places.

a

^^i^ A poor man having a numerous family
or household: (S, K:) or having a family or
household : ( Aboo-Sa'eed :) and one of the baser

and common sort of men : as also ♦j-iy. (K.)

i >

tytyl : see what next precedes.

t^j^ : see u*^» > n three places.

1. £& (S,TA,) aor. ^', (TA,) inf.n. ^y,
(S, K, TA,) He extended his arms to their full
reach ; expl. by acL> ix-j ; (TA ;) and the inf. n.
by cUI ju*; with a thing; as also *e>~>- (K.)
_ He (a camel) stretched forth his fore legs to
the full (Afrlyt o-o) ; as also * cj-5 ; and in like
manner a gazelle : (TA :) and he (a horse) stepped
far, or tooh long steps, in his running ; (S, ]£ ;)
and in like manner one says [c~cL>] of a she-
camel. (S.) You say, cya j*, and t e.^J, He
tvent along stretching forth his fore-legs to the
full extent of his step.' (L.)_ JLJb f(/, aor.
c^j, (TA,) inf.n. c^, (Lth, K,) He extended
his arm, or hand, [liberally, or bountifully,] with
the property. (Lth, K, TA.) You say also, %t *t,
meaning f Stretch forth thine arms, or hands,
(ileftQ>) *n fl cf* of obedience to Ood. (IAar.)
And L5 cl,.^ U * cy3 X He stretched forth his arms

(<vtb jl«) [to attain means of honour and eleva-
tion]. (TA.) And *<t«£j Jjjo U t77*« point to
which lie has reached is not to be attained : (K,

a J'&" J JO' *

TA :) and, as Lh says, "<t«^J Oi^> J fi ""^
not, or .sAflW not, r<?arA t/ie 7>ot'w< to which he has
attained : originally, his length of step. (TA.)

— " cLJI cl^ 13 1 When he accomplishes his want,

275

he goes away. (Har p. 592.)= J^mJ\ &, (M?b,
TA,) first pers. <Ua^, (S,) aor. and inf. n. as above,
(S, Msb, TA,) He measured the rope by the ct^
[or fathom] ; (Msb ;) he extended his c^ [or
arms stretched to the full reach] with the rope ;
(S;) or he extended the rope with hie cl^; or,
which is nearly the same in meaning, he extended
his arms with the rope until it became a cl* [or
fathom in measure]; (TA;) like as you say,

IN.. . Hi J J*

dijJU from jfii\. (S, TA.) [And hence,] c.yj

ubfty He traverses the ground with wide step
and quick motion. (Ham p. 720.)

5 : see 1, in six places : — and sec 7.

7. cUil and t cy>i, said of a rope, signify the
same [app. It was measured by the p[/, or fathom],

(K, TA.) ilaJI C-cUl The servient extended

itself, after gatliering itself together and coiling
itself, in order to spring. (Lh, ^.)— — Also oU>1,
said of a man, He leaped, or sprang, after being
still : or he made an assault ; or leaped, or sprang,
and made a violent seizure. (TA.) [Hence,]

- . o- ', a * o >

cUJ JkJjawt Silent in order to leap, or spring,
(K, and S in art. J^yi.,) when lie finds an oppor-
tunity ; (S in that art. ;) on account of a misfor-
tune which he desires [to effect] ; (S, K, in that
art. ;) or in order to inahe an assault : (TA :) or
looking, or waiting, for an opportunity to leap,
or spring, upon his enemy, or the object of his
want, when able to do so ; and in like manner,

: (TA in art JI^». :) a prov.,

(K,) applied to a man who is silent respecting a
misfortune [which he desires to effect] ; (TA ;) or
applied to a man who is long silent until he
thinks his object inadvertent, and who is possessed
of cunning : (As, TA in art. Jmj*- :) accord, to
one relation, jLJ, i. e. to bring about, or effect,
a SJuC, meaning a calamity, or misfortune : (K :)

" ' W ft' ~ * * '•

or cl~J may be for *~J, from il^Jl %~>. (Har
p. 62.) [Hence also,] JLoM '^y, cU-iJI cljjl
27te courageous man went, or came, out, or forth,
from the rank. (AAF.)— * aUL ^ ^J cUI
He treated me in an easy manner in the sale of
his commodity, or article of merchandise, and
strained himself (j^-»l) to give his consent to it.
(K, TA.) And hence, t cl^JI, as used by Sakhr-
el-Ghei in describing the conduct of a man towards
a beautiful woman, or, accord, to one relation,
t cL^il, The acting, or behaving, towards another,
boldly, in a free and easy manner, or without
shyness; syn. JeU-JI ; as also *^. (TA.)_
cUJI also signifies He ran in a gentle manner,
with a bending and a twisting of himself; from
c\i, aor. e^-j. (Ahmad Ibn-'Obeyd.) — And
he went away. (Har p. 592 : see 1.) — And It
(sweat) flowed : (Msb, £ :) or, as El-Farabee
says, extended. (Msb.) 'Antarah says, describing
the sweat of a she-camel,

m % *. t * '* * * '* '

[ Flowing, or extending, from the part behind the
ear of a she-camel quickly angered, spirited, or
tall, or tall and bulky, or strong, and bold to

35*

276

endure travel] : clw being originally e^j ; or,
as most of the lexicologists say, originally *~J,
the I being inserted after the fet-hah of the ._> to
render its sound full. (TA.)

8. cl^l : see 7, in the latter half of the para-
graph.

f

e^ A fathom; the x/?acc <Aa< w between [the
extremities of] the two hands when they are
extended to the right and left; (Msb;) the
measure of the extension of the two arms (S, It,
TA) with what is between them of the body;
(TA ;) as also * cy and ♦ lj< ; (K ;) the last
of the dial, of Hudheyl : (TA :) said by AHdt to
be of die masc. gender : (M sb :) pi. c\yl (Msb,
K) and oWv- (Ham p. 475.) — [And hence,]
t The body, including the limbs; [because a fathom

- » * 9 J #

in height ;] as in the phrase cUI Jj yb j*.j t A
man tall in the body; which has also another
meaning, to be seen below : but you do not say,
cUI j~ai as meaning short in the body. (TA.)
— [Also The arms; and particularly when ex-
tended to their full reach; as also the pi. : and in
like manner, the fore legs of a beast : see several
examples in the first paragraph of this art.]_
[And hence, I Reach; power; or ability.] You
say, cUI j~ai yk t He is lacking in power, or
ability: a phrase which has also another meaning,
to be seen below. (TA.) And JUi ^>c a*W j*o»
I lie mas unable to attain, or to do, or effect,
that: in this case, * pyi is not used. (TA.)_
And J Reach, power, or ability, in the means, or
causes, of attaining honour ; or in generous, or
honourable, qualities or actions: (TA:) !«"»*-
»enc« ; nobility ; honour ; generosity : (Lth, S,
K :) in which senses, * c^j is not used. (Lth.)
A poet says,

[ He has precedence and eminence in glory, honour,
dignity, or nobility]. (Lth.) And cU! Jjji J»y

t A man o/ /«r<7« generosity. (TA.) And ^j-ai
cUI {Niggardly: a phrase which has also another
meaning, mentioned above. (TA.)

c y and c^j : see c V, in four places. = The
former also signifies A place that is broken, or
crushed, (^,J\t.» cA^*>) *" " »»"«// ravine (^., ^ 1)
of a mountain. (Ibn-'Abbad, K.)

i*\j The court (<U.C) of a house : (I bn-' Abbad,
K :) a dial. var. of L-l*'. (TA.)

cly \ A large-bodied camel. (TA.)
«3l/ A young gazelle that stretches. forth its fore
legs to the full ( c>rf) in going along: (K, TA :)
an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is pre-
dominant: (TA:) pi. gty (?) and ££. (TA.)

And t cijyl, a determinate noun, is applied to
7Vifl ewe, because she does so in going along: and
she is called to be milked thereby ; (Ibn-'Abbad,
K ;) by saying, c\#\ e\y\. (Ibn-'Abbad.) You

say also iaily <UU A she-camel that steps far, or
ta/*« /on^ irep*: pi. £•>»• (TA.) And ▼*«* ^^j,

(K,) originally c^, (TA,) A horse that steps
far, or takes long steps. (Z, K.)

• 1

«*■

cCu Anything that flows; or extends: (Msb:)
anything sweating, or extiding stveat. (TA.)

1. JV, (K,) aor. jji', inf. n. Jy, (TA,) J/e
came roi<A, or brought, or effected, evil, or »»'*-
c/a'e/, and altercations. (K.) — <L*I JJI cJIj 7%c
calamity, misfortune, or disaster, befell, betided,
or happened. (Msb.) And a-AUM^^l/, (S,)
or iibUl, (JK,K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S,)
The calamity, misfortune, or disaster, befell them,
or smote tliem; (S,K;) as also^A* ♦wJUl:
(JK,*K :) and "ji ii5^' Jyli* tc-SUil A calamity,
&c, &ur*t «;wn them; syn. c-*2ul; (S, K ;*)
like C-^-UI, (S,) from which IF thinks it to be
changed: (TA:) and^ijjl J^fe tjM Fortune
assaulted them, or assailed them, with calamity,
like as the sound issues from the trumpet (J>JI) :
(S:) and ^*i [I assaulted them, or assailed
them, with a calamity, &c.]. (JK.) And in like
manner, one says, J>^ >*v*^V» (?> TA >) ,n »- n -
£yl and \$)yi, A vehement calamity or misfortune
or disaster befell them, or «no<« them. (TA.) __
Also J^, (K,) aor. as above, inf. n. Jjy, (TA,)
He wronged a man ; treated him wrongfully, or
unjustly : or lie came upon a people, or company
of men, suddenly, or unawares, without their jter-
mission ; as also * JUt : (K :) [or,] as some say,
<xJs. lyirf they slew him : (TA :) and <v * Jlyl
Ac wronged him. (K.) And Jly JW 2?e(aman,
JK) caww «p, or forth, upon thee, from a hie,
or depressed, place. (JK,K.) And a/ Jl^ He
encompassed, or surrounded, him. (JK, K.) And
4i« >iji)l JW, (K,) inf. n. jji, (TA,) The people,
or company of men, gathered themselves together
against him, and slew him wrongfully: (K,* TA :)
but some say that it means, as explained before,
they slew him. (TA.) Andj£V, (Ibn-'Abbad,
JK,K,) aor. as above, (JK,) inf. n. ^y, (Ibn-
'Abbad, TA,) He stole from them; robbed them.
(Ibn-'Abbad, JK, K.)

1 : see 1, in five places. JU^) ^JJji-*, a prov.,
thus related by some, instead of «.^~), means

Silent in order to bring about, or effect, a AS5W,
i. e., a calamity, or misfortune : (K in art. ey,
q. v. :) or, to launch forth, and manifest what is
in his mind. (TA.) You say also, UJ* Juil
>Olibt/ J/e broke forth upon us with evil speech.
(JK.) And .iWJa)W JW*' He broke forth with
laughter. (JK.) And »jia^i\ c-iUJI TAe shower
of rain poured forth with vehemence. (TA.)
And tUH v5WJ' The water became copious, or
much in quantity. (JK.)

^yf Abundance of rain; as also "J^. (TA.)
= See also the next paragraph.

J^ [A trumpet ;] a certain thing in which one

[Book I.

blows; (IDrd,S,Mgh, K;) t'n which one blows
as in a musical pipe: (Kr, J£ :) [mostly used in
war, but] mentioned by a poet, cited by As, as
used by the Christians: (S:) IDrd says, The
Arabs used this word, but I know not its origin :
Esh-Shihab says, in the 'Iniiych, tlmt it is arabi-
cized, from [the Persian] ^Jjyt : (TA : [but this
is obviously improbable:]) pi. Ol3y (Mgb, Msb)
and ij\iti (Msb [in my copy of the Mgh, erro-
ncously, Oli^]) [and Jl^l, a pi. of pauc, com-
monly used in the present day]. J^JI ^ j-ii

[He blew t/te trumpet, lit., t'n the trumpet,] means
[also] Ike spoke that in which was no profit.

(TA.) [Hence,] t One who does not conceal a

secret; (Lth, JK,K;) as also *Jy. (K.)__
Also A certain thing in which the miller blows ;
(J K, K ;) accord, to the copies of the K, resem-
bling a wiUl* ; but this is a mistake : (TA :) it
is a thing resembling a [shell of the kind called]
«_il«l«, the hole of which is twisted ; and some-
times the miller blows in it, raising his voice; and
what, he means thereby is known. (Llh,TA.)as
See also J^j.

ZiC 1 bundle of herbs, or leguminous plants.
(S, K.) [And in modern Arabic, A bunch of
flowers.]

Ziyi A shower, fall, or storm, of rain, (JK,S,)
tlial has burst forth with a dash : (S, TA :) or
such as is vehement ; or disapproved, disliked, or
deemed evil : (K:) pi. J^>. (JK, K.)

J^j, or J^yj iU*>b, A vehement calamity or

misfortune or disaster. (TA.) And the former,

applied to a man, Thievish; a great thief. (JK.)

dJul^ A calamity, misfortune, or disaster; (JK,
S,Msl>,K ;) a vehement evil or mischief; (Msb;)
a trial that befalls a people : (TA :) pi. JS|^.

(S, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., iul)t jLjS *)
dJu\yf ojU- ^>ob ^) £ye, meaning, accord, to
Katadch, [He will not enter Paradise whose
neighbour is not secure from] his wrongful, or
injurious, conduct : or, accord, to Ks, his male-
volent, or mischievous, dispositions, and his evil
conduct. (S.)

IF says, in the "Makayees," that J>^ is not
an accredited root, and that there is not, in his
opinion, any correct word belonging to it. (TA.)
[But this is a strange assertion.]

J*
1. JW, (T, S, &c.,) aor. J^', (S, M, Msb,)
inf. n. J# (M, Msb) and jui, (Msb,) [He
urined, discharged his urine, made water, or
staled;] said of a man, (M, Msb,) and of a beast,
(Msb,)&c. (M.) — [Hence,] tJi.U 0L>£ ■&' Jl^
t He (a man) begat offspring resembling him
(El-Mufaddal, T, TA) in form and natural dis-
positions. (El-Mufaddal, TA.)_ A poet, using
the verb metaphorically, says,

I [Canovus made water in the beverage prepared
from unripe dates, and it became spoiled, or
marred] : (M :) meaning, that when Canopus

Book L]

rites [aurorally, which it does, in central Arabia,
early in August, the making of that beverage is
stopped, for] the season of unripe dates has passed,
and they have become ripe. (L in art «_ ai.)

St*-> JW > 8 a ' 80 a prov., said when winter has
come. (MP in art o>i-.) [See J* y -'-] — Jy
also signifies tThe having vent, so as to flow
forth : (K :) whence Jly as an epithet applied to
a wine-skin : see this word below. (TA.) — And
JV lit melted, or dissolved: (K:) said of fat.
(TA.)

2. sJIIh £°* Jit ($ in arL fP) \. He made

mater upon the root, or stem, of the tree : or] he
put urine at the root of the tree to render its
fruit abundant. (TK in that art.)

3. jjjlyt "^, from JUI, I mill not, or I do not,
cause him, or it, to move, or occur to, my mind.
(Z, TA in art yV. See 4^1 ^ in that art)

4. J&JI JV>, and * UU-I, [He, or ft, made,
or caused, the horses to stale : or] Ae stopped the
horses for the purpose of [their] staling. (TA.)
One says, (in threatening, PS,) ^5* J*»JI i>*e~)
>v £JU>j« [Wis nit'W assuredly make the horses to
stale in your courts]. (S.) And it is said in a
prov., Sj+M- 1 ♦ jCLu jU*. Jl/ yln aw ifa&J, and
caused some {other) asses to stale : applied to a
case in which people help one another to do what
is disagreeable. (Meyd.)

10. JW^-1 He desired, or required, to make
mater. (KL.)_See also 4, in two places. —
El-Farczdak says,

• ^jjj j~kj ^^ ^o>l oj3

meaning [/Ino 7 verily he who strives to corrupt

my wife is like one betaking himself to the lions of

JEsh-Shard (a certain road abounding with those

animals)] to receive their urine in his hand. (S.)

■ # • -

j\i A state, condition, or case; syn. JU. (T,

8, M, Msb, K) and &\£ : (T :) or a state, con-
dition, or case, for which one cares; where-
fore one says, t jii/ OUlJ U, inf. n. ajb, meaning
" I cared not for such a thing :" (TA :) or a
thing [or things] for which one cares: (Har
p. 94 :) and JUI signifies also ^hUI Jl>, i. e.
enrtf, or concern ; and hence is [said to be]
derived Oj'd having for its inf. n. aiC. (T.)
One says, iuii *-» WAat t» My jfate, or condition,
or caj«e? (8.) [See the Kur xii. 50 and xx. 63 :
and see an ex. in a verse cited in this Lex. voce
aj(.] When it was said to a man, in former times,
" How hast thou entered upon the morning?" he
used to reply, .^OV *t" j-A-el ^i^ [TFftA yood
fortune: may Ood make good your state, or
condition]. (Ham p. 77.) ^W r-Wj» > n ^
Kur [xlvii. 6], means And He mill make good
their state, or condition, in the present morld:
(I 'Ab, T :) or their means of subsistence in the
present morld, together with their recompense in

the morld to come. (M.) One says also, J^&J y»
JUI He it in ample and easy circumstances (T,

J*

Msb) of life; (T;) he is not straitened in cir-
cumstances, nor troubled : (T :) or he is in an
easy, or a pleasant, state or condition : (TA in
art j±-j :) or he is easy, or unstraitened, in
mind: (S :) [for] JIJI, (T, M, IS.,) or JUI iU.j,
(TA,) signifies ampleness and easiness of life:
(T, M, K, TA :) or JUI signifies an easy, or un-
straitened, state of the mind. (S.) And uu«l=» yk
JUI He is in an evil state or condition : (TA :)
or he is straitened in his hope, or expectation:
for JUI is said to signify hope, or expectation :
(T:) so says EI-Hawazinee. (TA.) And J4>
iJW v>» I ■** -Okil is not of the things for which I
care. (S.) And it is said in a trad., i£3>ot J^

^1 ^yi aDI j^^i *«i Ijuj ^J JW, 1. e., .Etoery
honourable affair, for mhich one cares, and by
which one is rendered solicitous, [in mhich a
beginning is not made by praising Ood, is cut
off from good, or prosperity:] or every affair
of importance, Or moment. (TA in two places in
this art) — Also The heart, or mind ; syn. Jj3 ,
(T, S, Msb,K,) and jJU., (Ham pp. 76 and 77,)
and JJLi, (AZ, T,) and 'j±\4.. (M, $, Kull

p. 179.) You say, jfo 'jL*., (Msb, Kull ubi

supra,) and JW ^5^. (Kull ibid.,) i. e., [It (an
affair, or a tiling, Kull) occurred to, or bestirred
itself in, or moved,] my heart, or mind. (Msb,

Kull.) And ^$1 Jli ^Q jLL> Jf, i. e.,
[That affair did not occur to, or bestir itself in,
or move, my heart, or mind; or] did not move
me, or distress me. (T.) And ^ W Q^* J "■* J l*>
i. e. [Such a one does not occur to, or move,] my
heart, or mind. (S.) __ [And hence, Mind, or
attention. You say, iUb i#U*»l Ctve me <Ay

i * •. el ,

mind, or attention. And] "^ aJI jJUI ■>) [1
wj7/ not, or J do not, give, or pay, any attention
to him, or tf]. (Z, TA in art >L.) as [The
w/ia/c ;] a <^r«at _/?»A, (S, K,) 0/ <A« ,/S*A 0/ the
j»~> [here meaning «ea] ; (S ;) a certain bulky
Jish, called jjljl ji^. ; (M ;) it is a fish fifty
cubits' long : (MF :) [Kzw describes it as being
from four hundred to five hundred cubits in
length, and says that it sometimes shows the ex-
tremity of its fin, like a great sail, and its head
also, and blows forth mater rising into the air
higher than an arrow can be shot : these and other
exaggerated particulars he mentions in his account
of the Sea of the Zenj : and in a later place he
says, that it eats ambergris, and dies in conse-
quence ; and a great quantify of oil is procured
from its brain, and used for lamps :] the word
[in this sense] is not Arabic : (S :) in the O it is
said to be arabicized, from [the Persian] JI3.
(TA.)aesThe spade (j* [in die CK erroneously
written j*]) with which one works in land of
seed-produce. (M, K.) = See also ill^, in three
places.

J^, originally an inf. n., (Msb,) [Urine ;
stale:] pi. j£f. (S, Msb, K.) — JlijH j£l
The seminal fluid of mules. (As, TA.) And
hence, as being likened thereto, because it is fruit-
less, (As,TA,) \The ^>\j- [or mirage: in the
CK v!P»J- (Af, K,TA,) It is also applied to

277

the road of El-Yemen, which is not travelled but
by mules: see also art JAy. (TA.) — jy*-*M J>>
t Corn's milk. (TA.) Jy signifies also : Off-
spring. (M, K, TA.) __ And J A large number.

(K, TA.) See also jj?l.

Ally A [flask, or bottle, such as is called] *jj jl» :
(M, K :) pi. [or rather coll. gen. n.J * JC- (TA.)
__ A [bag such as is called] *->\y+, (T, M, K,)
small and large, in mhich mush is put : (T :) or
(M [in the K "and"]) the receptacle of perfume:
(S, M, K :) a Persian word, (S, M,) arabicized ;
(S;) in Persian IJW, (T,8,M,) or i'V: (M:)
pi. [or coll. gen. n.] * JW. (T.) — It is said to
signify also An odour; a smell; (T;) on the
authority of Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer; (TA;)
from <u^JL> meaning " I smelled it, and tried,
proved, or tested, it;" originally iy*\ the j
being transposed, and changed into I. (T.)_
And A staff mith a pointed iron at the end, used
by the hunters of El- Basrah, mho throm it at the
game: pi. [or coll. gen. n.] tjC- (T.TA.) —
And hence it is applied by the vulgar to A small
elongated sword. (TA.) an It is also an inf. n. of
^ij, which see in its proper art (TK.)

Siyt The origin (C-yrs [so in copies of the K
accord, to the TA)] or daughter (cw [so in some
copies of the K]) of a man ; (K ;) on the autho-
rity of El-Mufaddal. (TA.)

iiej a subst from JV, (S, M, K,) [meaning A
discharging of urine, making mater, or staling :
or a mode, or manner, thereof; as appears pro-
bable from its form, and from J's adding that it
is] like i_L>- and ilia, ; (S ;) [and also from the

following phrase:] iLjl c>— *-J <h\ [Verily he is
one mho has a good mode of discliarging his urine] ;
fromjjjl. (M.)

iiyi That discharges much urine; syn. ^a»
J^JI ; (M, K ;) applied to a man ; (M ;) and so
▼ Jljv applied to a camel. (TA.)

Jl^y A disease occasioning much, or frequent,
J^ [or discharging of urine] : (M, K :) a disease
that attacks sheep, or goats, such that they dis-
charge urine until they die. (Ham p. 77.) You
say, JI^J »J»A.I He mas taken mith much, or fre-
quent, Syi t or discharging of urine]. (S.)

Jly: see ijy. — [Hence,] + A wine-skin from
mhich the mine runs out. (TA.) — And **jL*
lily fA piece of fat that quickly melts or dissolves.
(IAar,TA.)

^J-9 ^yt JjLl More frequent in making mater
than a dog : or it may mean more abundant in
offspring. (Meyd. [Freytag adds, in his Arab.
Prov. i. 199, on the authority of Sharaf-cd-Deen,
that t Jyf (i. e. Jy) may signify urine or coitus
or offspring.])

jC« [The place of urine, or of the urinary dis-
charge; meaning] the -.J [or pudendum of a
man and of a woman] : whence the phrase, Jl«»,
JV^i iJ occurring in a trad. (TA.)

278

H)~4 [A diuretic; a provocative of urine].
You say, Si^L. ^\,li\ l)i», (S,K,*) i. e., Much
beverage occasions a discharging of urine. (TA.)

iiy^e [A urinal;] a vessel (j>-=») in which one
makes mater. (§, K.*)

s>yi and A*y A certain bird; [namely, the
owl;] each word applying to the male and the
female : (8, K :) or the former signifies the male,
or males, (so in different copies of the*M,) of the
>U [or owl-hind] ; and the latter is its n. un. :
(M, TA:) said by Az to bo genuine Arabic:

(TA:) pi. of the former >£jl. (IB,TA.)

j>\yi j*yi [An owl, or male owls,] that cries, or

that cry, much. (TA.)

1. «JlJ, aor. tjya, (8 in art. &&, Msb, K,) inf.n.
Oyt, (Msb, TA,) i. q. *ilj, aor. J*^, (S ubi
supra, K,) inf. n. ^y^, (TA,) meaning //e excelled
him ; (8* ubi supra, Msb ;) he surpassed him in
excellence and in manly virtue : so in the Iktitaf.
(TA.)
■ • •

<jW [a coll. gen. n., The ben-tree; a species of

moringa ; so in tho present day ;] a kind of tree,
(8, Mgh, Msb, K,) well known : (Msb :) n. un.
with*: (S, Mgh, Msb:) its seed, or grain, [called

» # m * J ft * " >)*>

^jUI y^**.and oW" jyt- an 'l OW" »>*—»> theglans
unguentaria, or n«x unguentaria, or 6en-nu<,] Aa*
a ;/m/r/, or pleasant, [fragrant] oil, (K,) a///erf
y^ipi ,^>A> [ot7 of ben], (8, Mgh, M$b,) and simply

OW, the prefixed noun being suppressed : (Mgh :)
[Az says,] it is the pi. of «Uli, which is a certain
tree having a fruit, or produce, which is perfumed
with aromatics, after which its oil is expressed, of
a good [or fragrant] quality : (T in art. ^^f :)
its seed, or grain, is good for [removing] the
[affections of the skin termed] ^^i and yj^i and
\JA£s and UUisn and ^y and iix- and the
mange, or scab, and for the peeling of the skin,
applied in the form of a liniment with vinegar ;
and for hardness of the liver and the spleen, made
into a beverage with vinegar; and a ju£« thereof,
drunk, is an emetic, which loosens crude phlegm :
(K :) Afln says, (TA,) it is a kind of tree that
grows tall, in a straight, or an erect, manner,
like as grows tke [species of tamarisk called]

Jj\, and its leaves are [of the kind termed] »_>•**>
like those of the JjI, but its wood has no hardness :
tho n. un. is with I : Aboo-Ziyad says, it is of tke
[trees called] «Lic, and kas lung v**> intensely
green ; it grows upon [hills, or what are termed]
>y.^> ; and its fruit resembles the pods of the
[species of kidney-bean called] .C^l, except that its
greenness is intense ; and in it is a seed, or grain,
from which is extracted tke oil of the \j\i : on
account of the straigktness of its growth and of
the growth of its branches, and their length and
tenderness, the poets liken thereto the tender girl
of tall and beautiful, or just, stature ; saying
ii\f lyilib [As though she were a ben-tree], and
^V v>°* v^* [-"** though she were a branch of

Jyi — ijl

the ben-tree], &c. : thus does Keys Ibn-El-Kha-
tecm : (M in art. £>& :) and so docs Imra-el-
Keys. (TA.) [See an ex. voce aajA^.] __ [It
is also applied in the present day to A species of
willow, the salix Aegyptia of Linnaeus, properly
called in Arabic t_j^*> : and this is said to be
meant by modern Arab poets when they liken an
elegant girl to a twig of the ^1/ ; but probably
from their erroneously supposing this tree to be
meant in the same case by the older poets.]

ijyt Excellence: an excellent quality; (S in
art- 0*t> Msb ;) as also 'iiy : (I Aar, T :) or the
distance, space, or interval, between two things ;

as also *C>»t- ( M > K You ^Yt >>A Oy* We*
(T, S, Mf b») and J*^ ^ (T, S) [Between them
two (meaning two men) is a wide distance] ; i. e.
between their two degrees of rank or dignity, or
between the estimations in which they are com-
monly held: (Msb:) the former phrase is the
more chaste: (S:) when corporeal distance is
meant, one says, v j^ WW) w 'th \J ; (Msb ;) or
in the case of [literal] distance, one says, l t\'t.t u'
U-J ; not otherwise. (S.)

OH '• see o#-
•-»' • •-

Aiy: see >jyt.

(IAar,T.)

— Also Mutual separation.

•#

1. \y*\i, (JK,K,) [aor. tyti ,] inf. n. *#, (TA,)
lie lay with her; syn. \tu\L.; (K;) like V^W.
( JK.) s= di t\t, aor. tyu, (JK, K,) inf. n. »yf ;
(K;) as also ai »Q, aor. »Q, (JK,*K,) inf.n. *^;
(K ;) Sis attention became roused to it ; (K ;)
he knew it, or understood it; or knew, or /tad
knowledge, of it; was cognizant of it : (JK, TA:)
like »lj, and <^l or aA. (TA.) And c4v I*
<0 ; as also si c^j U ; I did not know it, or
understand it ; or did not know, or had not know-
ledge, of it; was not cognizant of it: (JK, 8,"
K :) the inf. n. of the former is «y ; and that of
the latter, *£. (TA.)

t\i a dial. var. of »;TJ (I Aar, S) and of !lj, (I Aar,
TA,) signifying Coitus : (S, K:*) and marriage :
(K,»TA:) as alsot^: (TA:) or o share of
coitus ; ( JK, TA ;) occurring in tliis sense in a
trad., in which a woman is mentioned as having
adorned herself for it: (TA:) also venereal pas-
sion : (TA in art. ,Jj±. :) [or the venereal faculty ;
as when one says of a drug or some other thing,
»WI ,j* <*iji ^ increases the venereal faculty :]
IKt says, of this word, »l/, [though it is of very
frequent occurrence,] that it is a mistranscription
[app. meaning for SI/]. (Msb and TA in art. ly.)
[See also S»l/.]

ifcb : see »t/. := Also The court of a house ; or
a spacious part, or portion, of a house, in which
is no building ; (JK, K, TA ;) where people
alight; or lodge : (JK :) a dial. var. of Aa-(f.
(TA.)

a .

j^ykl/ That strengthens the venereal [faculty or]
appetite. (TA in art. jj»., &c.)

[BookT.

2. ^2j| cw, (T, K.) inf. n. ^, (K.) I
made the thing apparent, manifest, evident, clear,
plain, or perspicuous. (As, T, K.*) = Also, (K,

as in die TA,) or ;^!ll l£*t»&, (M, and so in
several copies of the K,) [both confirmed by what

follows,] i. q. <ujk t «j [meaning I directed my-
self, or my course, or aim, to, or towards, the
thing ; made, for it, or towards it ; made it my
object; &c.]. (M, K.)_-In the saying, Jl^.
JUj aDI, the phrase <&\ Jt* means 3/ay Corf
make thee to have dominion : (S, M :) or may
Qod prolong thy life : (M :) and jll^ means
JLb . J y Jj.+.Zfrl [m«,y 7/c &rin«7 </ice prolongation
of life ; lit. wi«y J/c direct himself to thee, or tlio
like, n>«</« the gift of prolongation of life] ; (As,
S ;) or ««a^Jt/ i) j~ai [which is the same] : (I Aar,

T:) or JUUW ^J^^t [moy 7/e &n*n^ (/te« do-
minion]; (M ;) so too says I Aar : (TA:) or may
He make thy state, or condition, to be .good :
(TA :) or may lie make thee to laugh: (T, S,
M, K :) so some say, accord, to As : (T :) and
it is related that these words were addressed
to Adam, in consequence of his having remained
a hundred years without laughing nftcr his son
had boon slnin : (T, S :) so says A'Obeyd, on
the authority of Sa'eed Ibn-Jubcyr: (T:) or it
means may He bring thee near [unto Himself] :
(Aboo-Mitlik, As, T, M, K :) or may He bring
thee : (I Aar, S, M :) or may He jtreparefor thee

an abode ; i. q. J)\yf, (K,) or *$ji* Jly ; the verb
being here altered in order to assimilate it to tho

St *

preceding verb, Uo- : (I£I-Ahmar, T, S :) this
explanation was approved by Ar: (S:) the mean-
ing intended thereby is, may He lodge thee in an
abode in Paradise : (TA :) or, as some say, the
verb in this case is an imitative sequent to that
preceding it: (A'Obeyd, S, K:*) but this is
naught : (K :) A'Obeyd says that in his opinion
it is not an imitative sequent, because an imitative
sequent is scarcely ever coupled with what prc-
cedes it by y (S.) As an ex. of U> in the sense
of «_£», Aboo-Mitlik cites this verse :

• ul-jjj .uJioJtj ju£ji • uuIji tyjj ii J£ Q •

[lie brought near to them, i. c., placed before
them, when they alighted, the food, namely, the
liver, and the flesh of the bach extending from the
withers to the rump, and the hump]. (T.) And

IAar, explaining ,i)U> as meaning < L a», D I/ J juai,
cites the following verse :

• j^\ >JUI ;Ujv* ^jLe.1 • ^3 l/l t UeeJ U *

(T.) Accord, to J, the meaning in this instance
may be agreeable with the explanation of JUj by
(J.^.~J\j JjL<^tl [so that the verse may be ren-
dered When we betook ourselves with salutation
to the father ofTemeem, or, as the verse is cited
in the S, to the brother ofTemeem (^.-oj l»Ll), lie
gave the gift of the niggardly, the mean] : or it
may mean we brought : and the verb admits of
the same double rendering in other instances.

ft> * mM j eA* ft # #

(TA.) = *:...»». >W C<ft rf and U— »>- [I made, or
wrote, a beautiful ._>]• ( TA - m *£u ^^ vV-)

Book I.]

0. (gj It mat, or became, apparent, manifest,
evident, clear, plain, or perspicuous, being near ;
syn. ^>ji 4>* &*?. ( A? , T.) = See also 1, in
two places.

4-JI The lore, ignoble, mean, or contemptible,
man ; as also T oW i>A (JAar, T, K,) and ^1
£fc, (IAar, T,) and J^ ^!, (K,) or ^ ^ J^i,
and t,jW ^ ^£» : (Ltli, T :) or the' last two
signify he whose stock and branch are unknown :
(M :) or tho same two, he who is unknown, and
whose father also is unknown : (K in art. ^yk ;
and so the latter of them is explained in the S,
both there and in the present art. :) and one says,

i* LS* ■!** (J* ^' »-£>•>' **» meaning I know not

# * * *

roAat man As is.. (S.) Accord, to some, (Lth, T,)

- J * '

jj ^ ^a was one of the sons of Adam, that

went away in the earth when the rest of his

children dispersed themselves, and no trace of

him was afterwards perceived. (Lth, T, K.)

» lr t » i »

^Vrf C*' : Bce tj«"> ,n two places.

S *» ~* * *&**%''

\J>~> rel. n. of li/ or l: whence *iy~> h t y*

[as also <u5V and ij^W] A Ij^ml of which the

»^~)l : see w»l, in art. _jjI.

I: cAt, (T, S, M, &c.,) oor. o*^ and oU>, (S,
Msb, £,) inf. n. «>£ (Lth, T, S, A, Msb, K) and
C«c~« (Msb, K) and OU (Msb) and C~j and

oWi (K,) na8 * w0 meanings : in that which more
commonly obtains, the action is restricted to the
night: (M?b:) it is by night, or in night; not
in sleep : (M :) you say, \j£* JjUu oV, meaning
lie did such a thing by night, or at night : (S,
Mfb, K :) [or he was in the night, or at night, or
during the night, doing such a thing : and he
passed, or spent, the night, or a night, or a part
thereof, or, as will be seen below, he entered upon
the night, doing such a thing :] like as one says,

I jib j_)jiAj iJ^> as meaning "he did such a thing
by day," or " at day-time :" (8, Msb :•) IKoot
and Es-Sarakustcc and JKtt say that it has this
meaning, and not " he slept :" (Msb:) [F adds,]

*«9 * *•**

>yJI &* (^-iJj, (K,) which is said to mean, "and
die action is not one of sleep ;" so that when one
sleeps by night, or at night, it is not correct to
say, jAii Ob : or, accord, to some, " its meaning
is not that of sleeping ;" so that one may say,
USU J4) OV [Zeyd was in the night, &c, or
passed, or spent, the night, &c, sleeping] : (MF :)
[Fei says,] it is only when one remains awake in
the night: and hence the saying in the Kur
[xxv. 65], U\<i) \j i * ■• ^yjji \jy~>i chjJ'j [And
those who pass the night prostrating themselves to
their Lord and standing up in prayer] : (Msb :)

Fr says that J*>jJI Ol^ means The man remained
awake all tke night, engaged in acts of obedience or
of disobedience : (T, Mfb :) [or it means Ike man

^l — ^-tt

entered upon the night; or he was in tke night, or at
night, or during the night, in any state, or engaged
in any action ; for] Zj says, (M,) C*W is said of
any one whom the night has overtaken, (M, K, # )
whether he have slept or not slept: (M:) and

Lth says, <uy»JI signifies the entering upon the

' i * *s »■» •! 4 ._
night : one says, IJ^j tj£» %±*o\ «iy [-* entered

upon tke night doing such and such things] : and

he adds, (T,) he who says oC as meaning he

A i
slept commits an error; for you say, ^jtljl w^

>^b-JI [I entered upon, or passed, the night]
looking at the stars : and how can he be sleeping
who is looking at them ? (T, Msb :) but Mulla
'Abd-El-Hakeem, in his Commentaries on the
Mutowwal, says that oL> sometimes means he
remained, continued, stayed, or dwelt, and he
alighted and abode, by night, or at night, whether
he slept or not: (MF:) and Ibn-Keysan says
that it may be used in the same manner as jK> [he
slept] ; and also, [as will be explained below,] in
the same manner as (jl£». (TA.) You say, OW
iaJU 33+£i (T) or iZ.i> (A) [He passed, or
entered upon, the night, or a night, in a good
manner]. And >yUI *Z~t and^^ Oy and o^
_^> jj^ [I passed, or entered upon, tke night, or a
night, with, or at the abode of, the people, or com-
pany of men : the last of these phrases is the most
common]. (A'Obeyd, M, £.) — Secondly, it is
used in the sense of JC» [He became] ; (Msb ;)
or in the same manner as (jl£» [he was], (Ibn-
Keysan,TA.) One says, IJA £-f>»^ °V He
became [or was] in such a place; whether in
night-time or in day-time. (Msb.) And hence
the saying of the lawyers, iXJ aJl^ot juc Cj^ -^e
became [or wa*] tint/t At* wife one night ; [which
is the same as he passed a night &c. ; though this,
it will be observed, is not in this instance the
signification of Hie verb alone ;] whether sleeping
or not. (Msb.) — [Thus it is used both as a
" complete," i. e. an attributive, verb, and also as
an " incomplete," i. e. a non-attributive, verb.] —
c4 aor. o^, (T,A,)inf.n. ^, (T, M, K.)
also signifies J He married, or took a wife : (T,
A :) [see c«e# below :] or f ke gave in marriage ;
syn. of the inf. n. ~->3JJ- (Kr, M, K.)

2. CU^I w«/ He constructed, or built, tke
[i. e. tent, or house, &c.]. (M.) ==^o*^t
[inf. n. as below,] He did, or performed, the
thing, or affair, by night, or at night : (M :) and
he thought, or meditated, upon it, considering its
end, or issue, or result, (Zj, T, S, M, A, Msb,K,)
or entered into it, (Zj, T,) by night, or at m^Af.
(Zj, T, S, M, &c.) And one says, J^ J^, (T,
A,) meaning the same as JJL^ ^ [il woi thought,
or meditated, upon, Sec, by night, or a* night] :
(T :) [for] i^j^JI C~rf also signifies [simply] (A«
thing was thought upon, and considered as to its
end, issue, or result ; syn. jjJ. (S.) Accord, to
El-Marzookee, they say of a thing that is not
done deliberately, and with good consideration of
its issue or result, JJL> jji wot I Juk ; [in the text
from which this is taken, without the syll. signs ;]

270

and hence the saying in the Kur [iv. 83], %Z*tt
Jyu (_£jJI _^ei ^,y^> <UL»U» [A part of them medi-
tateth by night upon doing otherwise than that
which thou sayest; as is indicated in the M,
where this is cited ; and in like manner, 0>~m>
in the continuation of the same passage of the
Kur, is explained in tho T as meaning OXH^t

and Oi'j^t ('• e - !*-" »>•») ^W] : but Aboo-
Hilal says that a thing is meditated upon in the
night in order that one may apply himself to it
with strong purpose, and not be diverted by oUier
things, so that it may be done with more firmness;
and he cites the same passage of the Kur. (Ham
p. 130.) And hence, in the Kur [iv. 108], M
JyUI £y* \j°ji ^ •» Oy*>i When they meditate,
&c, (S, M, Bd, Jcl,) by night, (8, M,) [what He
will not approve, of speech,] and prepare it [in
their minds] (*J}j^}i [see art. j^j]). (Bd.) It
is said in a trad., >U<aH € *t ri j} o-^ >»W-o "il
There is no fasting to him [meaning hit fasting it
null] who doet not purpote it from the night.
(TA. [See another reading, voce C^.]) And
you say, i-JI c~v He decided upon the purpote,
or intention, by night, or in night-time. (Msb.)
And Ajlj C^ He thought upon hit opinion, and
concealed it, or conceived it, in hit mind. (TA.)
—jJrti> ( in f- n - w^J, (M?b, TA,) He came
upon them, (Mgh, but the verb, is there pi.,) or
made a tudden attack upon them, and engaged
with them in conflict, (Msb,) or made, a great
slaughter among them, or engaged with them in
vehement conflict, (S, M, K,) namely, the enemy,
(S, Mgh, K,) or a people, (M,) by night : (S,
M, Mgh, Msb, K ; ) Ae came upon them (the sons
of such a one) in the night, and made a sudden
attack upon them, while they were heedless : (T :)
he attacked tkem (the people of a house or place
of abode) by night : ke went to them (the enemy)
in the night, without their knowledge, and took
them by surprise. (TA.) _ Jjj *^U C~-j ^ ^IS*
<Ju«j He used not to retain property until night,
nor to retain it until noon, when it came to him ;
but used to hasten the dividing of it. (TA, from
a trad.) _ See also 4. as J»~dl C^ He trimmed,
or pruned, the palm-trees, by cutting off the stumps
of tke branches, or by cutting off' the straggling
branches, not in the best part thereof. (K.) =
See also 5.

4. *3W'» inf. n. iUlJl , He (God) made him, or
caused him, to pass, or spend, tke night, [or a
part thereof,] or to enter upon the night. (T, M,
K.) You say, j**-t *ii\ JJU^I [May God make
thee to pass, or enter upon, the night with happi-
ness], (S,) and a: — 23\j\ [in a good manner of
doing so]. (T, A.) And [in liko manner,] T ifc^
i^iU J <ill [May Ood make thee to past, or

enter upon, the nigkt in health and tafety]. (A.)

# * •{ *•* >- ** __ .

And i^j i>—«*l <ull <t3V' «"» OTarfc Atm co paw,

or enter upon, the night in the best manner of

doing to. (M, K.*)

5. Aij-U. yjz xuJ [so in the TA and in a MS.
copy of the K: in the CK * «^':] He withheld,

280

or debarred, him from the thing that he wanted.
(K.)

10. [Ol«i-l seems to signify He asked for, or
required, c^, or i^, i. e. food: (see c.jint :)
and also to have the contr. signification ; i. e. _
lie poueued food : for you say,] lil) £i£h *9

[Book I.

He possesses not a night's food. (T, K.) And
». " ' t; >l tf "9 He has not food. (A.)

C^i [signifies A tent ; properly, having more
than one pole; but often applied without this
restriction : and also a house ; a chamber ; an
apartment; a closet; and the like] : a c^J is [a
tent] of [goats'] hair (j£), (M, A, Mgh, Msb,
K,) or of wool : (Mgh :) a «i^ of hair [i. e.
AtftV-cfcM] ti that hind [of tent] which has more
than one pole : the word is masc. : and applies to
small and large : (M :) tents of goats' hair arc
peculiar to people of cold countries and of fertile
regions, where the goats have abundant hair; for
the goats of the Arabs of the desert have short
hair, not long enough to be spun : (T in art.
i^ :) a tl,*. is a small c~*> of wool or of hair :
a Ow is what is larger than a «L»- : next is the
iXU«, which is larger than the «^~j ; but the
term c~y is also applied to a «Uk« when it is
large and foys [i. e. furnished with a Jl^j,
q. v.] : (T :) Ibn-El-Kelbee says that the Arab's
have six kinds of^; namely, a iJ, which is
of skins, or tanned hides ; a iXik*, of hair. ; a
.li*., of wool ; a >Uw, of soft hair fj£) ; a i^L,

of trees ; an UN, of stone ; and a h'^, of hair ;
or this is the smallest of them : El-Baghdadee
says that the .U*. is a o^ made of soft hair
(>o)» or °f wool, or of hair [commonly so called]
(j*i), upon two poles, or three; and that a
c^ is [a tent] upon six poles, or more, to the
number of nine : in the Towsheeh it is said that
the term .L»- is applied to a c-^ of any kind :
(TA :) a w^ is also [a structure] of clay, or
tough or cohesive clay or earth; (A,K;) [and
of baked bricks; and of stone;] the name being
likewise applied to a structure of a kind other
than the structures which are called 3 ..1\ [or
tents]; (M ;) signifying a habitation [of any
hind ; an abode ; a dwelling] : (Msb :) a man's
house; syn. jl> : (T:) [and particularly a chamber;
i. e.] a single roofed structure (Mgh, Kull) having
a place of entrance ; Jj«u being applied to what
comprises more than one [such] c-n>, and a roofed
O*— » [or vacant part, and a kitchen, inhabited
by a man with his family] ; and Jlj, to that which
comprises more than one [such] c-e^ and more
than one [such] Jjii and a [court, or] &A j t
without a roof: (Kull :) the pi. is Oj^, (§, M,
K, &c.,) also pronounced O^, (TA,) and oCl
(8, M, K,) the latter a pi. of pauc. ; (TA ;) and
pi. pi. OU^(M,Mgh,K) and c^tf (Sb,8,
M,K) and <&$$, (Fr,M,K,) which last is
«•*•! (M :) the dim. is fo^', also pronounced
T <^>tef i (8, K ;) and the vulgar say, <L*#, (§,)
which is not allowable. (K.) You say, i£jl*- U
^^ »2-eV» (T, 8, M,) He is my neighbour [tent
to tent, or house to house, i. e.,] by contiguity [of

our habitation*]: c~j o«^ being made indecl.
with fet-h for the termination because they are
two nouns made one : (S :) Sb says that some of
the Arabs make them [thus] indecl., like *'\f-
j«ix, and some make the former a prefixed noun
governing the latter in the gen. case, [saying
-Z~ci *Z~et>] except when used as a denotative of
state: (M:) one says also, £*<J \^, and c4#

OW ; (Fr, T ;) which last, or o!/ yj\ <l^i, is
the original form. (Har p. 353.) ^J*. ^1 ^
u»i f^U*' ['''• Such a one constructed a tent over
his wife,] means such a one had his wife conducted
to him on the occasion of his marriage, and brought
her, or had her brought, into a pitched tent, having
conveyed thither the utensils and furniture and
other things that they required. (T.) And JaI
i^jtJI *~<ci [The people of the house of the Prophet,]
means the Prophet's wives and his daughter and
Alee: and so C*JI J»l [i. e. c4*>l J*t ^dmj
He means particularly, or peculiarly, the people
of the house], in the Kur xxxiii. 33 : £ and jLjl*
and J*l and Jl, as prefixed nouns, being, as Sb
says, the nouns most frequently occurring in the
accus. case [for the reason indicated above, or,
as the Arabian grammarians express it,] .JLc
yo\ *i: ±*$\. (M.) _ It also signifies A [pavi-
lion, palace, or mansion, such as is called] j^S :
(T, K :) whence the saying of Gabriel, tj jj& l£^
+t «cA v>» w~-j, i. e. [Rejoice thou Khadeejeh by
the announcement of] a pavilion (j~a3) of hollow
pearls, (T,TA,)or of emerald. (TA [See also art.
v~ **•]) AJ>£— • jt* V3>9/ [UninJiabited houses],
in the Kur xxiv. 29, means buildings for the
reception of travellers, or for merchants and
their goods, and the shops of the merchants, and
places in which things are sold, the entering of
which is allowed by their owners : or ruins which
a man enters for the purpose of easing nature.
(M.) And the Ojrf which God has permitted
to be raised, mentioned in the same chapter,
verse 36, are Mosques, or places of worship : or,
accord, to El-Hasan, Jerusalem ( l _ r >jX i\ C^) ;
the pi. being applied to it as a mark of honour.
(Zj, M.) <Z^I\ [The House] applies particularly
to \the Kaqbeh [ofMehkeh]; (£;) as also <Auil>
[the House of God]; (AAF,M;) and c4f»l
jt\jmJ\ [the Sacred House] ; (T ;) and *Lll>\
tisUll [the Ancient House] ; (S and £ &c. in
art JUe ;) and accord, to some, jj't-*H c^ ll,
q. v. (Bd in lii. 4.) [ JUI v=4i signifies The
treasury of tlie state. And jl«M c.^ is a eu-
phemism for The privy ; because water is put there
for the purpose' of ablution : also called k\/ii\ >L&,
&c] — Also t The ark of Noah : so in the Kur
lxxi. last verse. (T.) — I A grave; (M,IAth,^;)
app. by way of comparison. (M.) So in a trad,
of Aboo-Dharr : .J*. ^Jj}\ oli til «JLo3 tj£&
w*e<eyW >i««JI U&> meaning How wilt thou do
when men shall die so that the grave shall be sold
for the [servant-] boy? (IAth.) fThe habita-
tion of the lij-i, which it constructs in a beautiful
manner, (A'Obeyd, M,) of fragments of sticks ;
(Yaakoob, M ;) and of the ^U j^, which it

makes in the interior of the earth, and covers over :

(A'Obeyd, M :) and t the burrow, or hole, of the

>_~ 6 &c. : and t the web of the spider : all, app.,

as being likened to tlio C^t of a man. (M.) __

I A man's household. (S,K,TA.) J The wife

(As, IAar, T, M, A) of a man. (M, A.) So in

the saying,

> »- »« #•• %. t

[Hath old age altered me, or a wife ?] : (As, T :)

or here it means a household. (S.) The nobility

of the Arabs ; (T, Msb, K ;*) as when one says,

<* -U ** »- (^ ^ jet*> £*& [The nobility ofTemeem
is in the sons of Handhaleh] : (T, Msb:*) or the
family that comprises the nobility of a tribe; as

0-a»- Jl of the Oyi/j't an( l eW****-" J' of *o
(j^JU-Ji, and o'^' «*«* J 1 of the ^j^JjU. ;
which three were asserted by Ibn-El-Kelbee to
be the highest of the families thus called of the
Arabs : (M :) [see a verse of El-Lahabee cited
voce j-oA.1 :] pi. O^o and oOjIJ, (T, M,) the
luttcr being pi. of the former. (T.) You say,

* St •! # J

OU^-JI JaI ^y, ft, He is of the people of nobility:

i *' *

and jaijSs C-jrf ^y» [of a generous, or noble, house,
or family], (A.) [See also ^.] — A noble
person : (M, Mgh, K :) pi. O^ and Ol3»^J.
(Mgh.) You say, xc^S C^ ^J^i Such a one is
the noble person of his people. (Ahu-l-'Omcythil
El-Anrubce, M.) — I The [j'umiture termed]
wiji, (A, Mgh, K,) or clii, (TA,) of a tent or
Iwuse, (Mgh, K,) or that is sufficient for a tent
or house. (A.) You say, c-*i ^J* ij^L* *L*-jj3
X I married, or took as a wife, such a woman for
[my giving] furniture sufficient for a tent or
house, (A,) or furniture of a house or tent.
(Mgh.) [See 1, last sentence.] _ A w-^ of
poetry, (T, S, M, Msb,) or of the poet, (K,) is
t [A verse ; i. e.] what consists of certain known
divisions [or feet] called J^jbUJl {\jt*.\ ; being
termed C-^ metaphorically, because of the con-
joining of its component parts, one to another, in
a particular manner, like as those of a tent are
conjoined in its construction ; (Msb;) because it
consists of words collected together in a regular
manner, and so resembles a tent, which is com-
posed of a vJUui and »U£» and Jljj and j^s\ :
(T :) it is derived from the same word signifying
a .U»- [or tent], and applies to the small and the
great, as the j*.j and the Jj>& ; and is [said to
be] thus called because it comprises words like as
tlie tent comprises its inhabitants ; wherefore its
component parts are termed vV- ' BJ, d iljjl, as
being likened to the vW- 1 and ,>Ujl of tents:
(M :) pi. Ol^l and Oj^', (M, A, Msb,) the latter
mentioned by Sb and IJ, (M,) [but rare,] and
[pi. pi.] c~otl : (A :) Abu-1-Hasan says that if
tlie >^~o of poetry be likened to tho c^ which is
a tent or other kind of structure, there is no reason
why it should not have the same pi. forms as the
latter has. (L.) By the following words of a poet,

[Many a w~* upon the back of the camel have J

Book I.]

«— Si — Jtt

281

constructed with a lawny thing slit in the note
and bleeding}, is meant, many a c~~> of poetry
have I written with the rccd-pen. (S.) [Ctjli

written after a quotation of a part of a verse of

* •* »- •
poetry, means 0~JI \ji\ /iearf thou the verse.]

* # i •# **

5jL-aiJI c-ft> [77u! chief verse 0/ </*e poem] is a

phrase employed when a person composes a poem
in praise of any one from whom he would obtain
some object of desire and want, being applied to
that verse of the poem in which the author'* want
it mentioned: and is a proverbial expression re-
lating to that which is extraordinary and strange,
and used in denoting the superiority of a part of a
thing over the whole of it [regarded as a whole] :
[hence,] one says, Sju-ai)l c-*y »«*iw-»t jjl fj^l
t [Such a one it the first of the detachment of
horsemen, and the chief verse of the poem], (Har
p. 441.)

« «-

<z*tt : see <u~>, in two places.

•' 00

Juff a subst from Ol/ : and signifying A man-
ner or mode, and ttate, or condition, of pasting,
or entering upon, the night, (M.) [Sec 4 ; last
sentence.] am Food, or victuals ; and so t O»^ :
(A,K:) [or particularly, of a night: for] you
say, atf t^ 5 U, (8, M, A,*,) and 3p '**,
(T,-8* M, A,) OyUI »>», (T,) He has not a night's
food, or victuals. (T,S, M, A, K.)

•zAtri A coming upon the enemy by night;
(Mgh ;) a sudden attack upon, and conflict with,
the enemy by night; (Msb;) a great slaughter
(8, M) among the enemy, (8,) or a people, (M,)
and vehement conflict with them ; (S, M ;) a
coming upon people in the night, and making a
sudden attack upon them, while they are heedless;
(T ;) an attack upon a people by night ; a going
to the enemy in the night, without tlutir knowledge,
and taking them by surprise : (TA :) a subst.
from 2 ; (8, M, Mgh, Msb ;) like J%» from
JL. (Mgh.) — ifo ^l^tfl The thing, or
event, happened, or came, to them in the latter
part of the night. (T.)

C«ce/, also pronounced O*~o, dim. of Ow, q. v.
(?,K.)

• i,

O^rf TAat /ta* remained throughout a night

[and so become stale; stale from being a night
old] ; as also ▼C«S^ : both, in this sense, [but the
latter more usually,] applied to bread. (S, K.)
__ Cold, or cool, water, (M, K,) tliat has become
so from its having remained throughout a night :
(M :) or waler that remains during the night
beneath the shy : (Ham p. 553 :) or water that
has been cooled in the leathern bag by night ; and
in like manner, milk ; for [Az says,] I heard an
Arab of the desert say, ;ULJ1 O^ i yc :S . ■',
meaning Give thou me to drink of tke milk that
has been milked at night and left in the skin so
that it has become cold, or cool, by night. (T.)
In the saying,

*«i* 4 000 0*>S''

1 • 1 .£'4» • » •

the meaning seems to be, u^ ^e^. i£ji, i. e.,
[And tltey (app. camels) came in t/ie morning to]
the collected water of a trough, which water /tad
Bk. I.

remained throughout ttie night and so become

cold, or cool; the phrase being inverted. (M.)_

Oj-j y.S \An affair, or event, for which, or on

account of which, one passes the night in anxiety

or grief (S, K.) — Ctyti >k + Anxiety, or grief,

that has remained during the night in the bosom.

*. &> t
(M.) _ SJyef v >w A tooth that does not fall out,

or become shed. (K.)

C-5V [Passing, or spending, tke night, or a
night, or a part thereof; or entering upon tke
nigkt ; &c. ;] act part. 11. of 1. (Msb.) __ See

also O^rf.

c ■■;■:■« A p/rtce in w/itcA one passes, or enter*
upon, <Ae nty/tf. (M, A.)

l^t«U A woman wAo A«j obtained a c~j [1. e.
/en* or house, or <Ae furniture thereof,] and a
husband. (M, K.)

C m* * Poor, or needy; [as though meaning
asking for, or requii my, v^~-> or iij, i. e. ybod ;
or possessing food, and nothing beside ;] syn. jgii
[q.v.]. (IAar,T,K.)

Quasi «/

• * ## * * ft. • i* •

^jU^ and ijU^j : sec *-)yi, >n art. --^j.

1. »(f, aor. jk^J, inf. n. j^ (T, S, M, &c.)
and \& (S, M, L, Msb, K) and lQ (M, L, Msb,
K) and Y )s .£t (Lh,M,L,K) and >£ (L,K)
and iy, (f'K,) the last but one disapproved
by MF, (TA,) [and the last equally doubtful,]
He, or it, perished; (T, S, A, Mgh, L, Msb ;)
went away; passed away; became cut off, or
extinct ; came to an end. (M, L, K.) — OjO
J^ln, inf. n. \£>, The sun set. (Sb, M, K.)

4.^*1*1 He (God) destroyed them; (T,S, A,
Mgh,* Msb;) caused tkem to go away, pass away,
become cut off or extinct, or come to an end.
(M.«)

>-V, (T, S, M, L, Mughnce,K,) as also *j^<W,

(L, K,) or j^jIj, (so in the Mughnee and in a

MS. copy of the K and in the CK, and in a MS.

copy of the K. omitted,) a noun inseparably pre-
ss
fixed to ,jl with its complement, (Mughnee,) used

as syn. with jib, (Ks, T, S, M, &c. ,) but never other-
wise than in the accus. case, nor as an epithet, nor
otherwise than as an exceptive in a case in which
the thing excepted is disunited in kind from that
from which the exception is made. (Mughnee.)

You say, J-*~> *il ,x~> JU1 j~^* >» He it
possessed of abundant, or much, wealth, but he is
niggardly. (ISk, S, M, A, Msb, Mughnee.) — .
Also as syn. with ^J*, (M, K,) as some say ;
(A'Obeyd, M ;) but to render it in the former
manner is preferable. (M.) Accord, to some,
(L,) it is syn. with ,«A» in the following trad. :

» t tjSS * m* * * 000 » A 1 m > *

* * f -

jtkjjLf s j0* oUJ^I^ \JX3 >iy> «1*U£JI [We, the
latter people, shall be those who will precede on
the day of resurrection, although they were given

the Scripture before us, and we were given it
after tliem] : (T, L :) El-Umawee holds it to be
so : (T :) but Ks says that it here signifies j^t
[as in the former ex.]: (T,L: [and so says IHsh
in the Mughnee :]) accord, to one recital, it is
j>jU ; (L ;) or j£l/ ; so in the Musnad of tho
Imam Esh-Shafi'ee: (Mughnee:) IAth says, I
have not found this in the classical language in
the sense of , JU : some say that it is jl;V, i. e.
by means of strength, or power ; and that the
meaning is, we shall be those who will precede
to Paradise on the day of resurrection by means
of strength, or power, given us by God. (L.)_

Also, [accord, to some,] as meaning J*-l v >«:
(L, Mughnee, K :) as in the saying of Moham-

1 \t00 •'• * *S 000 '0 ' - •« '»

mad, cltJj lALt* t>* i^l <*tf V/* 1 ' •—oil Ul

#* • ^

J«* ^f*/ j-i [I am the most chaste in speech of

the Arabs because lam of the tribe of Kureysk
and I grew up among the children of Saqd] :
(T, L : [in the Mughnee given somewhat differ-
ently:]) but Ibn-Mdlik and others say that it
here, also, means ^t, after the manner in which
the latter is used in the saying [of a poet],

000 J J i t 00 • 00

^SUXJI el> £- J*** O**

[And there is no blemish in them, save that their
swords have in them notches from the conflicting
of the troops]-. (Mughnee.) This manner of
praising is termed by Abu-1-' Abbas Mohammad
Ibn-Yezced oLilll. (Ham p. 474.) — j^» is
also a dial. var. of the same. (A'Obeyd, T,
Mughnee.)

0.000

i\j^t A desert ; or a waterless desert : (8, M, A,
Mgh, Msb, K :) or one that is plain, or level, in
which horses are made to run : (M :) or one
wfterein is nothing : (TA :) so called, accord, to
IJ, because it [often] destroys him who alights,
or sojourns, in it : (M, Mb b :•) or a plain tract,
slightly elevated, with few trees, and wit/iout
lierbage, extending to the distance of a day's
journey, or half a day's journey, or less, rugged
and hard, and only in a country of mould, or
clay: (ISh :) pi. J^: (S, M, Msb,K :) it has a
pi. of a form proper to epithets because it is origi-
nally an epithet: (M:) by rule it should be
o£w;. (M,K.)

00 00

ijlj^rf A she-ass; a subst. applied to that
animal: (S :) or a wild she-ass : (M, K:) or one
that inhabits a desert (.1 jw) ; (T, K ;) [an epi-
thet;] not a subst. applied to the animal; J being
in error in asserting it to be such : (K :) the
[wild] she-ass is thus called, accord, to most of
the lexicologists, because it inhabits the vtj^;
and if so, the ,j is an augmentative letter : or,
accord, to some, because it is large in the body
(0«*i") » an d if so, the o «> a radical letter :
(L:) the pi. is i.Ulj£. (L,K.)

jub, or jiy : see j*>.

Quasi jet

jtt; pi. of pauc. jl^t : see jli, in art jV-

80

282

u*ei

y»W w»^ ^* £*j, and ^ ,>»«•., &c. : see

art.

yjOff Difficulty; straitness; (IAar, K;) as

also ♦u*^. (K.) See above.

f
^^w : see above.

1. *iC, (S,K,) first pcre. *LJxi, (M,) aor.

i>rt, for which one should not say i^g, [though
it would be agreeable with a general rule respect-
ing verbs denoting surpassingness,] (8, O,) He
surpassed him in whiteness. (S, M, O, K.) sas
c— oly, (S, M, Mf b, K, except that in the M and
Msb we find the masc. form, ^W* followed by
>£j|,) aor. JsJ, (Msb,) inf. n. J£, (M,
Msb,) said of an ostrich, (M,) or a hen, (K,) or
any bird, (S, M, Msb,) and the like, (Msb,) She
laid her eggs, (M, Msb, TA,) or egg. (Msb.) _

4>U— Jl Jit^t J The clouds rained. (IAar, O, K.)
A poet says, [using a phrase from which this
application of the verb probably originated,]

(IAar,) i. e. t Thej>\*j, meaning the^Ui, [or
Twentieth Mansion of the Moon,] sent down rain
upon it, and so put to flight its occupants, except
him who remained incurring the rish of dying
from disease, wasting away : [the last word being
in the gen. case, by poetic license, because the
next before it is in that case ; like vj*» in the
phrase vj*» s-~* J*~*f '•** : ] the P° et > B describ-
ing a valley rained upon and in consequence pro-
ducing herbage; for the rain of the astcrism
called ^JUJI is in the hot season, [when that
esterism sets auroral ly, (see j^ill JjUo, in art.
J>>)1 whereupon there grows, at the roots of
the (jA*-, a plant called j~j, which is poisonous,
killing beasts that eat of it : the verse is explained
as above by El-Mohcllebee : (IB :) or, as IAar
says, the poet means rain that falls at the >y [by
which we are here to understand the setting;
aurorally] of^JUdl ; and that when this rain falls,
the wise flees and the stupid remains. (().)_
i)l£*)W i^»W I He remained, stayed, or abode, in
the place [like as a bird does in the place where
she lays her eggs]. (O, K.) __ ±j6j*$\ c— oC
t The earth produced &+£» [or truffles, which
are thus likened to eggs] : (A, TA :) or + the
earth produced the plants that it contained: or
t it became changed in its greenness to yellowness,
and scattered the fruit, or produce, and dried up.

(M,TA.) — jLi\ Jj* I The heat became vehe-
ment, or intense. (8, A, K.) =jayi\ ^l^ ; ice. :
see 8, in three places.

«• v**t, (9,M,K,) inf.n. JL£, (8,) He

whitened a thing ; made it white ; (S, M;) contr.

of if ($•) 1Ie bleached clothes. (M.) [lie
whitewashed a wall tec. He tinned a copper
vessel or the like.] You say, a^J <&' lAti [lit.,

Ood whitened his face : or may Ood whiten his
face : meaning J God rendered his face expres-
sive of joy, or cheerfulness; or rejoiced, or cheered,
him : or may Ood &c. : and also God cleared
his character; or manifested his honesty, or the
like : or may God &c. : see the contr. ,»*-»].
(TA.) And *J ^ [He left a blank space for it ;
namely, a word or sentence or the like : probably

post-classical]. (TA in art. ^-+* ; &c.) [He

wrote out fairly, after having made a first rough
draught: in this sense, also, opposed to j)- : pro-
bably post-classical.] — J He filled a vessel : (M,
A, K :*) or he filled a vessel, and a skin, with

water and milk. (S, O.) And I He emptied

(A, K) a vessel : (A :) thus it bears two contr.
significations. (K.)

3. *-l»V, (8, M,) inf. n. liyW*, (TA,) He
contended with him for superiority in whiteness.
(S, M.)__,j^U if^atfW t Such a one acted openly

with me ; syn. ^jjiA**- : from j£jt *^W [the
whiteness of day, or daylight]. (A, TA.)

4. c~iwl and c~ o^\ Site (a woman) brought
forth white children : and in like manner one
says of a man [(^a^l and yjity, meaning He

begat white children]. (M, TA.) See also 9,

in two places.

8. isoU/t He (a man, S) put upon himself a
i^i [or helmet] (S,K,TA) of iron. (TA.) =
^ry-oM He entered into their JUi+j [or territory,
fa.]: (A,TA:) andJiyUI fj-oty They exter-
minated the people, or company of men ; they
extirpated them; (M, K;*) as also t^Aj-ily :
(M :) and lyiuJl [originally l^i/t ; in the CK,

incorrectly, 1^o~ol ;] 27iey were exterminated,
or extirpated, (K, TA,) and */»«> A-oIj [or
quarter, tec.,] was given up to be plundered:
(TA :) and ^»liiu*l We smote their i^o [or
collective body, tec.,] and took all that belonged
to them by force ; as also *^*lUL> : and ^sJLfj

^Jl The tribe was so smitten &c. (TA.)

9- u^-e^I. (?, M, Msb, EI,) and, by poetic
license, i ^»^» tl ' t, [of which see an ex. voce u nhci- ,
and see also 9 in art. ^.,] (M, TA,) inf. n.
t^»^«wj> (8, Msb,) It was, or became, white ;
(S, M, Mf b ;) contr. of *'y*\ ; (KL ;) as also
* w*W» in f- n - «^»l^*rf' j .(S ;) con<r. o/" jillll ;
(K ;) and " ^W' : which v lost also signifies it
(herbage or pasture) became white, and dried up.
(M, TA.) [You say also, A^Lj kArf'» lit., His
face became white: meaning % his face became
expressive of joy, or cheerfulness; or he became
joyful, or cheerful: and also Am character became
cleared; or his honesty, or tlie like, became mani-
fested : see 2.]

11: see 9.

i>w : see a^, in three places.

i-o-rf jln «7<7 (Msb) of an ostrich, (Mgh,) and
of any bird, (S, Mgh, Mfb,K,) and the like, i. e.
of anything that is termed f->o-o [or having
merely an ear-hole] as distinguished from such as
is termed ,jjil [or having an ear that is called

[Book I.

t ,l

\J±\]: so called because of its whiteness : (TA:)

n. un. of *J£-- (S,M,»Msb,K::) pi. [of the

former] OU^ (M,Sgh,KI) and oUo^j, which

latter is irreg., (M, Sgh,) and only used by poetic

license ; (Sgh ;) and (of ^^J, M) ^^j. (M,

K.) You say, TJa . J S c-i-^il 77ie c^ /icui tn tt

a young bird. (ISh.) And >>^S)I i^w ^.Jil

t TFAaf roa* hidden, of the affair, or ca*«, o/"tA«
people, or company of men, became apparent.
(ISh.) [See also art. £yi.] jijl L£ signifies

2%e e<7<7 which the ostrich abandons. (S, M, I£.)

■ . * . " * •' • A*| **

And hence the saying, jJUl iiw ^^ Jjl ^*

t Hil »* wiore abject, or »ife, /Aa» «/«« «<7<7 of the
ostrich which it abandons (S, A, *K) tn the desert.
(TA.) You say also, jJUl i-a^ yk in dispraise
and in praise. (IAar, Aboo-Bekr, M.) When
said in dispraise, it means \ He is like the egg of
the ostrich from which the young bird has come
forth, and which the male ostrich has cast away,
so that men and camels tread upon it: (IAar,
M:) or he is alone, without any to aid him;
like the egg from which the male ostrich lias
arisen, and which he has abandoned as useless:
(TA :) or he is an obscure man, or one of no
reputation, whose lineage is unknown. (Ham
p. 250.) And when said in praise, it means I He
is like the ostrich's egg in which is the young
bird; because the male ostrich in that case pro-
tects it: (IAar, M :) or he is unequalled in
nobility ; like the egg that is left alone : (M :)
or he is a lord, or chief: (IAar, M :) or he is the

unequalled of the jJL> [or country or the like],
to whom others resort, and whose words they
accept : (K. :) or he is a celebrated, or well-
known, person. (Ham p. 250.) [Sec also art.
jXf. And for another meaning of jJUl <Uo^ see

below.] \A helmet of iron, (AO,S,*M,*Mgh,»

^C,*) which is composed of plates like tke bones
of the skull, the edges whereof are joined together
by nails; and sometimes of one piece : (AO :) so
called because resembling in shape the egg of an
ostrich : (AO, M, Mgh :*) in this sense, also,

n. un. of "u**t- (§, K: [in the CK, for j^j>aJlj
we should read jjjoJtj.]) This may be meant
in a trad, in which it is said that a man's hand
is to be cut off for his stealing a <Ueuj. (Mgh.)

-M testicle: (8, K :) pi. O^rf- ( T A.)

tThc bulb of the saffron-plant [&c] : ns resem-
bling an egg in shape. (Mgh.)_f[jl tuber:

for the same reason.] f A hind of grape of

Et-Tdlf, white and large. (M.)_tThc core
of a boil: as resembling an egg. (M.).^jThe
fat of a camel's hump : for the same reason.
(M.)_ -jJUl i-iw, in addition to its meanings
mentioned above, also signifies ^The white truffle:
(0,K:) or simply truffles; syn. iCfll ; (TA;)
or these are called ±jbj$\ *,>i-j. (A.)_£^uj
also signifies J The continent, or container, or
receptacle, (»jj»-,) of anything. (S,K,TA.) And
[hence] j>%S^ i^f I The place [or territory]
which comprises EUIsldm [meaning the Muslims] ;
like as the egg comprises the young bird : (Mgh :)
or this signifies the congregation, or collective
body, of t*he Muslims. (AZ, M.) And >^a)I <uw

Book I.]

I The quarter, tract, region, or district, of the
people, or company of men : (§, $ :) the heart;
or midst, or main part, of the abode thereof:

(9, TA :) the principal place of abode (^J-ol)
thereof; (M,TA;) the place that comprises them;
the place of their government, or regal dominion;
and the seat of their iy.) [i. c. SjH} or kindred and
brotherhood] : (TA :) the midst of them : (M :)
or, as some say, their [kinsfolk such as are termed]
b*~* '• (TA :) but when you sav, u* *jj^\1m\S\
jgfJa^l, the meaning is [M« enemy came to them
in] their principal place of abode (J«e1), and the
place where they mere congregated. (TA.) And
jljJI iaj 1 77«e m?'<£i< o/M« country or pfacc 0/
fl&orfe or Me /«*« : (AZ, M, TA :) the main part
thereof (TA.) And jS^\ i£i i. q. <£jy*.
t [The seat of regal power : or the heart, or
principal part, of the kingdom], (9 and K. in
art. );*..) — jj»J» ii£ (M, A,K) J Tlie damsel
(M, K) of the jOA. [or curtain ice.] : (K : [in
the C£, V^jU. is erroneously put for «C>jU- :])
because she is kept concealed within it. (TA.)
You say also, jU^JI OU^J i>? ^j* J [S/ie is
of the damsels of the curtained bridal canopies],
(A,TA.) i^w is used by a metonymy to signify
I A woman, by way of likening her thereto [i. e.
to an egg] in colour, and in respect of her being
protected as beneath the wing. (B.) [See Kur
xxxvii. 47.] — iiL also signifies f White land,
in which is no herbage; opposed to i*^* : (TA:)
and * i^w, with kesr, white, smooth land; (K ;)
thus accord, to IAar, with kesr to the «_» : (Sh :)
and 'il-cw ^jl signifies smooth land, in which is
no herbage ; as though herbage blackened land :
or untrodden land : as also d-aJ. (M.) __ * h'il
}yi\ The whiteness of days [daylight;] i. q.
*L±Q; (S ;) i. c. its light. (liar p. 222.) You

M y» ^V" *•«*/ ^ *»•" I came to him in the
whiteness of day. (TA.) — ^J| i£f^The vehe-
mence, or intenseness, of heat. (M.) And * ?■*;
Jieilt t7%« »no»< vehement, or intense, heat of
summer, or o/'<A« hottest period of summer, from
the [auroral] rising of O&JJl to that of J& ;
[i. e., reckoning for the commencement of the
era of the Flight, in central Arabia, from about
the 20th of May to about the 4lh of August,
0.8.;] (A,-TA;) as also J&l T *W (A,
TA.) And i_A*4)l i^w + The main part of the
_w> [or summer] : (M, TA :) or the vehement,
or intense, heat thereof. (Ham p. 250.)

• ' • » •»

«Wi see l£rf,.in the latter part of the para-
graph.

xjiXti Whiteness; contr. of }\'y* ; in an animal,
and in a plant, and in other things ; and, accord.
to IAar, in water also ; (M ;) the colour of that
which is termed ,^6^1 : (S, Ms b,* ]£ :) they said
J& and *&£, (?,M,?,) like as they said
J>U and iJ>u.r (S:) i<iU» being applied to a
whiteness in the eye. (M.) You say, ji,l I jjj,
W* Of ^W [2%t* if wAtter Man *uc« a iam^]:
(9,&:*) but not t«i. j£\. (s : ) the latter is

u^tt

ft

anomalous ; (g ;) [like <u* »yj\ ; q. v. ;] but it
was said by the people of El-Koofeh, (S, £,) who
adduced as authority the saying of the r&jiz,

[A damsel in her ample shift, whiter than the
sister of the tribe of Benoo-Ibdd] : Mbr, how-
ever, says that an anomalous verse is no evidence
against a rule commonly approved : and as to the
saying of another,

^J£>\ Juitj l^i JU.j)l til

[ When men experience dearth in winter, and their
eating becomes vehement, thou art the whitest of
them, or rather the white of them, in respect of
cook's clothing, having little or nothing to do with
entertaining them], the word in question may be
.considered as an epithet of the measure JjjjI that is
followed by ^j* to denote excess : but it is only
like the instances in the sayings l^Jj ^ t -' r 1 lit

and V' >«-»^=»l> meaning l^j ^ v :,...- and j,*+ij£=>

,**. ... ., , , ., *.'• ** A** j . U'

V< ; so it is as though he said ^bj-< ^ li -r-t c-il» ;

and as he has prefixed it to a complement which

it governs in the gen. case, what follows is in the

accus. case as a specificative. (S.) This latter

verse is by Tarafeh, who satirizes therein 'Arar

Ibn-Hind ; and is also differently related in respect

of the first hemistich, and the first word of the

second. (L, TA.) — jl£Sl ^J,Q : see 3 ; and sec
• "*» . ' • ™

i^ti, near the end of the paragraph. __ ^aL/ is

also used clliptically for ^iQ ^J; and thus means
t White clothing; as in the saying, J-JS ^^3
u»Wb *•>-" Such a one wears black and wkite
clothing. (Mgh.) [Hence, also, it has other sig-
nifications, here following.] \Milk. (Kl.) See

an ex.,xoce >\^L. __[fThe white of an egg.]__
uffyl c^W t That part of land wherein is no
cultivation nor population and the like. (M.) _
«*VJI.«^«W fThat part of the skin upon which
is no hair. (M.)—!^!^ also signifies IA
man's person ; like >\y* ; Byn.^jam^i,; as in the
saying, JiU>Q •Jjlfa JAfr $ J My person will
not separate itself from thy person. (As, A, TA.)

\j°yei A hen that lays many eggs ; (S, M, A,*

5 ;*) as also * iiC : (M :) [but in the Msb it

is evidently used as signifying simply oviparous:]

pi. (of the former, S, M») J£ (S, M, A, 5) and

^atf, (S, M, K,) the latter in the dial, of those

* « • j • j *
who say J-^j for J-y, the ^ being with kesr in

order that the ^ may remain unchanged; (S,

M ;) but sometimes they said ^y. (M.)

«UW : see »>Vrf.

^aSl/ A hen, (Az, K,) or bird, (S, Msb,) and
the like, (Msb,) laying an egg or eggs : (Az, S,*
Msb, K :*) without S because the cock does not
lay eggs : (Az, TA :) or it is applied also to a
cock, (M, TA,) and to a crow, (M, A, TA,) [as
meaning begetting an egg or eggs,] in like manner
as one uses the word jJIj. (M, TA.)

283
• *v

»j«W ■« bleacher of clothes; as a kind of rel. n. ;

not as a verbal epithet ; for were it this, it would

be |>C*\ (M.) — A seller of eggs. (M.)

ieVrf : see KJ°*i-

voelS White; contr. of }y*\; (A, 50 kaving
whiteness: (Mfb:) fern. iU^f: (M?b:) pi. JL&,
originally ^ (S, Msb, K.) the damm being
converted into kesr in order that the ^ may
remain unchanged, (S, ^,) [i. e.] to suit the ,j.
(Msb.) In the phrase <»-eujl •Vlafil, mentioned
by Sb, as used by some of the Arabs, meaning
t^~j', [i. e. Give thou to me a white one,] » is
subjoined as it is in <u* for Jyb, and the ^ is
doubled because the letter of declinability cannot
have » subjoined to it ; wherefore the letter of
declinability is the first ^jb, and the second is the
augmentative, and for this reason it has subjoined
to it the » whereof the purpose is to render plainly
perceivable the vowel [which is necessarily added
after the doubled ^>] : Aboo-'Alcc says, [app. of
the »,] that it should properly have neither Ibt-h
nor any vowel. (M.) _ Applied to a man &c,
it was sometimes used* to signify White in com-
plexion : but in this sense they generally used the

epithet ^.1. (IAth, TA in art. >•»-.) They also

. _ • * * *•* *i* • • * ********

said, <u»-jJI u buj\ &yi and a-.yi !Uw SJ'jJ,

meaning Such a man, and such a woman, is clear,

in face, from freckles or the like, and unseemly

«

blackness. (Az, TA.) And they used £}\*aei, (S,

j '*f *

K,) a pi. of hftAgjl, (TA,) in the contr. of the sense

of Oh}-*, (S, 5,) [i. c. as signifying Whites,]
applied to men: (S:) though they applied the
appellation ;La-Jl ^>l to the Abyssinian : (TA in
art. jyt :) or to the negro : and o^**-" yi^ l0 tne
white man. (ISk.) But accord, to Th, Jix^\
applied to a man signifies only J Pure ; free from
faults : (IAth, TA in art. ^»*. :) or, so applied,
unsullied in honour, nobility, or estimation ; (Az,
K;) free from faults; and generous: and so
!Uuj applied to a woman. (Az.) [In the lexicons,
however, (see, for ex., among countless other
instances, an explanation of i-aj in the S,) and in
other post-classical works, it is generally used,
when thus applied, in its proper sense, of White;
or fair in complexion.] — JUw <L C >4> An army,
or a portion thereof, upon which the whiteness of
tlie [arms or armour of] iron is apparent. (M.)
^And iUfe/ alone, [as a subst,] A piece of

paper [without writing]. (Har p. 31 1 .) k >> c /'i"

The sword: (S, A, K :) because of its whiteness :
(TA:) pl.tArf- (90 — Silver: (A,^:) because
of its whiteness : like as gold is called j t ^*JI

[because of its redness]. (TA.) TAe saliva

(wjUj) of the mouth. (Ham p. 348.) A cer-
tain star in the margin of the milky way. (A,
K.) _ iUkJI 77«« sun : because of its whiteness.
(M.) — Waste, or uncultivated, or uninhabited,
land: ($,»TA: [in the CJ£ v!**^ is erroneously
put for ^IjJjl:]) opposed to Jlj^-JI : because
dead lands are white ; and when planted, become
black and green. (TA.) See also i-a^, near the

end Wheat: (K:) as also il^JI. (TA.) —

FrwA [^ratn 0/ tne At'nd caWe<i] cJL. (El-

36*

284

Khattabce, K.)-_ A certain hind of wood; that

which it called jj»JI : (K in art. jy>- :) because

of its whiteness. (TA in that art.) [See jj*»]

0**99 *i

— The cooking-pot ; as also Xa^t j>\. (A A, K.)

— The mare with which one catches game. (I Aar,

K.) jU/jl Milk and water. (ISk,S, M,

A, 1£.) A poet says,

» * * 9 9 .9% w „ .' *

[And I have not any beverage except milk and
water]. (ISk.S, M.)_ .Bread and water : (As,
M,K:) or wheat and water: (Fr, ]£ or fat

and milk. (AO, K.) Fat and youthfulneu

(A/, I Aar, M, A, K.) You say, *U^1 ^Jk'i Hi*
fat and youthfulneu departed. (TA.) — .O I; U>
O^-ow' X» J ««*»« not wen Aim for, or during,
two dayt: (Ks, M, A,K :) or two month*. (Ks,
*,¥.)_yytJsCi, (M f b^,) or simply ^1,
(Mgh,) far'u^H JR$lJiCh [7%« days of the
white nights;] i. e. the days of the thirteenth and
fourteenth and fifteenth nights of the month;
(Mgh, Msb, £;) so called because they arc
lighted by the moon throughout: (Msb:) or of
the twelfth and thirteenth and fourteenth nights :
(£ :) but thiB is of weak authority, and extr. :

the former is the correct explanation : (MF, TA i)

j i at
you should not say u^e«H jAs$\ : (Ibn-El-Jawd-

leekce, IB, £ :) yet thus it is in most relations of

a trad, in which it occurs ; and some argue for it ;

and the author of the K has himself explained

LMfjH by Js^\ >&i. (TA.)_&£ & M

year [of scarcity of herbage,] such as is a mean
between that which is termed .Lyi and that which
it termed j£L. (TA in art ^~A) — S&>
»>»^1 I Language expounded or explained. (M.)

— ;Urf "9j ;b>- ^ *; U* <£►*£» J / spoke to
him, and he did not return to me a bad word nor
a good one. (M.) — itiw j^ \A demonstrating,
or demonstrated, argument, plea, allegation, or
evidence. (M.)_And + A favour, or benefit,
fur which one is not reproached ; and which is
conferred without its being asked. (M.) [Sec
ulso J^O—^ail^l 0>iJ! ^Sudden death; (£,
TA;) .tur/j at is not preceded by disease which
alters the complexion: or, as some say, death
without the repentance, and the prayer for for-
giveness, and the accomplishment of necettary
duties, usual with him who is not taken un-
awares; from v*tt signifying "he emptied" a

* * $ i » 9*
vessel : so says Sgh : opposed to f»-*}\ O^ll,

which is slaughter. (TA.)_2Ui^ also signifies
\A calamity, or misfortune : (Sgh, K :) app. as
a term of good omen ; like ^»eJL> applied to one
who is stung by a scorpion or bitten by a serpent.

(TA.) lie*) I ilarf I we *-oWf ' ast sentence but

one. = I jia t>* t^^l tjuk ; &c. : see ^W.

art.

A place for laying eggs. (ISd, TA in

)
A woman who brings forth white children :
the contr. is termed •>>— • : (Fr, K :) but Z m., £ y
is more commonly used in the former sense. (O.)

« s .»J .

[^r :: - The ,/atr co/>y, or transcript, made

from a first rough draught; which latter is

9i* ■ J .11 i i

called 5^^— « : probably post-classical.]

^jh m -t A man wearing white clothing. (TA.)
__ Hence, lAyfl A ""cf <j/" [^ ,c cfa** called] the
ijyJ, (S, 5,) the coinjinnioiis of &U«JI ; (S ;)
so called because they made their clothes white, in
contradistinction to the »>y-», the partisans of
the dynasty of the Ahbdsecs; (S, IS.;*) for the
distinction of these was black : they dwelt in Kasr
'Omeyr. (TA.) [See also ioj^jLiS.]

1. *k<i, (S, Mgh.&c.,) aor. ^ (S, Msb,?:,)
inf. n. i^' (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and g^, (S, Msb,
^,) which latter is anomalous, (S,) the regular
form being eU«, (S, K,) has two contr. significa-
cations: He sold it: and he bought it: (R, Mgh,
Msb, ^ :) and *4t^l is a dial. var. of the same :
(IKtt, Msb:) [but app. only in the former sense :]
or this last signifies he offered it fur sale ; or ex-
posed it to sale: (8, !£.:) and f«*tift, as well as
4*1^, signifies he bought it. (S, # Mgh, # Msb, K.)
The primary signification of «^j is The exchanging,
or exchange, of property ; or the making an ex-
change with property; as in the phrases -^lj *^
[on exchange of property bringing gain], and
j_/U- ««/ [an exchange of property occasioning
loss] : and this is a proper signification when it
relates to real substances : but it is tropically used
to signify the making the contract [of sale and
purchase] ; because this is the means of giving
[and obtaining] possession : [though this signifi-
cation is what is termed *<•»/£ 3 * c*»» i •• <•'•> a sense
so common as to be conventionally rcgainled as
proper:] the phrase *eJI -~~o, or JJa^, and the
like, mean «*JI aJUuo ; [l. c. The contract of sale,
or purchase, was valid, or was null;] but the
prefixed n. being suppressed, and ils complement
[alone] used for it, nnd this being masc, the verb
is made mnsc. (Msb.) cl^ [mostly signifies He
sold; and] is doubly trans., both by itself and by
means of ^y> prefixed to the second object; (Mgh,

Msl> ;) this prep, being thus used as a corrobora-

i j j* # i» if'

tive: (Msb:) you say, • (> ^i'l **W a "d *i« «*W
[He sold to him the thing and He sold it to

, i 19. t a 9 9 9

him] : (Mgh :) and jtjJl Ij^jj «i-iu and ^y» Oo^
jljJI juj [I sold to Zeyd the house: (see also an

9 9 Z 3t9 — 9

explanation of the phrase >i<^Jt < C» » » .<t : and sec

^jUai-JI v >o acU : to which might be added
countless similar instances ; for when pi/ signifies

9 ^

he sold, ,>o is generally prefixed to the noun or
pronoun denoting the person to whom the thing
is sold :)] and sometimes J is put in the place of

£y ; so that you say, i yJ ii\ iJU** and iU <Cxj [I
sold to thee the thing and J sold it to thee] ; the
J being redundant [when the verb has this mean-
ing, though not when it has the contr. meaning,
as will be seen below], (Msb.) Of the contr.

[Book I.

signification we have an ex. in the saying of El-
Farczdak,

[Verily youthfulness, he who buys it is a gainer;
but hoarincxs, tlici-c arc no traffickers for its
sellers ; the put. n. being here from the verb in
the former sense] : (S, TA :) and [often in a case
in which the verb is followed by J ; as] in a} cl^
i^jiJI He bought for kirn the thing; (Mgh;) [the
J not being redundant when the verb is used in
this sense ;] and as in the saying of Torafch,

[And he will bring thee tidings for whom thou hart
not bought travelling-provisions, and for whom
thou hast not assigned an appointed time for his
bringing them]: (TA:) and in the saying, tl*
ajjaSj »V^ij t [-Wc purchased his enjoyments of
the present world at the expense of his enjoyments
of the world to come] : (Z, TA :) and [in like
manner] you say, jljjt juj • c\Zf\, meaning Zeyd
bought the house : and sj^i * \t&A He bought it
for another person. (Msb.) The verb has this
signification, also, in the trad., jji* ^ - ^» -> £ji *y
9Ui.\ *~j [ One of you shall not buy in opposition
to the buying of his brother when an agreement
has been manifested but the contract hat not been
concluded]; (S, IAUi, Mgh, Msb; [but in the S
and Msb and by 1 Ath, the trad, is related thus;

A«ek.l; (sec art.

;)]) as is shown by the
relation of Bkh, A-i.1 g^ ^i* j+ji I * cUrf ^ :
(Mgh, Msb:) or it may here have the contr.
meaning: (lAth :) Ax says that the seller and
buyer are equal in offence when cither of them
does thus to another. (TA.) [Similar to this is

l mm * ' * » S i»* '

the saying, a-o-t j>^ ^e- J*.yt>»^~! *> : sec
art. ^yt. Sco also sj^t ^J* c^ below, used in
a tro]>ical sense.] You say also, ^y^UUI *«i* *W»
meaning The judge sold against his will; (Mgh ;)
sold without his consent. (Msb.) _ The pass,
form is **t [It was sold : and it was bought] : (S,
K :) optionally eidicr [thus] with kesr to Uie v»
or [«^j] with damm to the v» (?») t or rather
with a sound between that of damm and that of
kesr, which pronunciation is termed jA+£i\ ;] and
some say cyt ; (S, 1£ ;) changing the ^ into ^ :
and thus in the cases of J^> and J-* and the

*> 99

like: (S :) [but Ibn-Malik requires damm or
j>l^>\ in the passive of a verb of which the medial
radical is ^j, and kesr or >l*£t in the passive of a
verb of which the medial radical is j, to prevent
the mistaking of an active verb for a passive in
such cases as Coy and <r«« > : others, however,
only prefer what Ibn-Malik absolutely requires in
these cases. (See I 'Ak p. 131.)] — . You say also,
^uJLjl lyt 'u\>, [lit He sold him to the Sulfdn,]
meaning 1 he slandered him, or calumniated him,

Book I.]

to the Sultdn. (K\TA.) And ^J* J& &

*»ttt [°f which the lit. meaning has been shown
above,] meaning \ Such a one superseded him, or
occupied hie place, in respect of honourable and
elevated station or ranh, and gained the mastery
over him ; (£,* TA ;) and so <ljjJ^ J*m. : (TA :)

f J •- -* • | » 9

or £fjJ %tf ^ji* ij^i cl/ means I such a one
gained the mastery over such a one, and wrested
from him that which he sought to obtain from
him; and is an old proverb, applied by the
Arabs to a man who contends with another, and
seeks to obtain a thing from him by superior power
or force, when he has succeeded in doing as above
explained ; and similar to it is the saying ^f^i J£
Cf&M- (El-Mufaddal Ed-Dabbee, TA.) One
also says, j»-\ JXs^i ^jie ot/ U, meaning f Not
any one has equalled thee. (T A.) = «-j is also
used in the sense of 1»L_JI. (TA in art c^j.
[See cUI in that art.])

3. liL'v, (S, Mgh, TA,) inf. n. LuCj and
p\ti, (TA,) is from *-JI ; and bo is " %A*J\ ;

(S, TA ;) this being syn. with iiJWI. (K, TA.)
Yon say, U^ and ♦ UjCj, meaning They two
sold and bought, each with the other: (TK:) and
♦ UJuUj [ We sold and bought, one with another] :
(Mgh :) and a*jL> also signifies He bartered, or
exchanged commodities, with him. (TA.) [See
1; where a citation from the Msb indicates that
this latter is the primary signification accord, to

the author of that work.] 1 1 is also from i*-JI ;

and so is *^t£jl: (S,TA:*) iyCll and ^LJl
from <U«4)I signifying The making a covenant, a
compact, an engagement, or the like ; as though
each of the two parties sold what he had to the
other, and gave him his own special property,
and his obedience, and all that pertained to his

case. (TA.) [Hence,] je»*$\ *e^ lie promised,
or swore, allegiance to the prince; making a cove-
nant with him to submit to him the judgment of
his own case and of the cases of the Muslims [in
general], not to dispute with him in respect of
anything thereof, but to obey him in whatever
command lie might impose upon him, pleasing
and displeasing: in doing which, it was usual
for the person making this covenant to place his
hand in the hand of the prince, in confirmation
of the covenant, like as is done by the seller and
buyer; wherefore the act was termed ajuj, an
inf. n. [of un.] of cly. (Ibn-Khaldoon, in Dc
Sacy's Chrcst. Ar., 2nd ed., ii. 250—7.) [And
hence the phrases, is"}UJlv %iy. and <x) *jy

aj'^iJb He had the promise, or oath, of alle-
ijiance made to him as being Khaleefek.] You
say also, <ul* *»Af, inf. n. 4jl>1~o, lie made a
covenant, a compact, an engagement, or tlie like,
with him, respecting it, or to do it : and ▼ lyuUi
y,*$\ ,_ift [they made a covenant, &c, respecting,
or to do, tlce thing, or affair] ; like as you say
^UiyUl. (TA.)

4 : see 1, first sentence.

6 : see 3, throughout.

7. cUil It was, or became, saleable, or easy of

sale; it had an easy, or a ready, sale: (Ibn-

9

' Abb&d, K :) as though quasi-pass, of 4*1^ [and
therefore primarily signifying it was, or became,
sold, or bought]. (TA.)

8 : see 1, in four places.

• 3 $9 900 •

10. >i<A)l *Sm*?»A I asked him, to sell the thing
to me; expl. by ^i« <utw .-jl *3U ; (S, K.;*)
for instance, »ju» [Am «Zat%.] (Mgh.)

jtto inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. _ It also signifies The
hire, or hiring, of land. (TA.)sa Also vl thing
sold, or bought : (Mgh, Msb, T A :) a subst. in
this sense: (Mgh,TA:) pi. c y^ : (Mgh, Msb,
TA :) which is also used as a pi. of the inf. n.,
to signify Kinds of selling and buying. (Mgh.)
See also icl^.

ia^y [inf. n. of un. of c V- — Hence,] A strik-
ing together of the hands of two contracting
parties in token of the ratification of a sale.

(Msb,TA.) And [hence,] The act of isu Co

[or promising, or swearing, allegiance and obedi-
ence, as explained above, (see 3,)] and submission,

90' J »»l

or obedience. (Msb, TA.) Whence, iauJI &\+j\
[The oaths of allegiance and obedience] ; (Ibn-
Khaldoon, in De Sacy's Chrcst. Ar., 2nd ed.,
ii. 257 ; and Msb ;) which the Khaleefehs ex-
acted; (Ibn-Khaldoon;) and which El-HajjAj
appointed, including hard, or difficult, matters,
relating to divorce and emancipation- and fasting
and the like. (Msb.)

• *

i*~> A mode, or manner, of selling or buying.

(S, Mgh, K.) Hence, i*^ *r-»-L» [A person
occupying himself in any kind of selling or buy-
ing] : occurring in a trad, of Ibn-'Omar. (Mgh,

J mM ' _

TA.) And ilju-JI £yt» 1 <*Jt [Verily ke is good
in the manner of selling or buying], (S, Mgh,
TA.)^[A Christian church ;] a place of worship
(^1) pertaining to the Christians: (S, Mgh, Msb,
K:) or, as some say, a synagogue of the Jews:
(TA:) pi. £,, (?:,TA,) or £. (Msb: [but
this I think a mistake : if correct, it is a coll.
gen. n.])

• J- in*

£*rf : see ^.

acUj An article of merchandise; (Lth,S, "%.;)
as also » *«/ [q. v. supra] : (Mgh :) pi. of the
former Olcl^i. (K.)

ptj : see *jV/, in five places. _ Also A man
who sells, or buys, well ; and so t c.^ : fern, of

11 ' *0»~

the former with S : pi. inasc. Oy*^> an ^ p'- f eni -
Jli^ ; neither the masc. nor the feni. having a
broken pi. (TA.)

• •''

tl^ A man who sells, or buys, much. (TA.)

•

«jU Selling, or a seller: and buying, or a

6«y«r ; (Msb, K,* TA :) as also * i^J : (^C :) the
former signification is the more obvious when
«jU is used without restriction: (Msb:) and Va*i
also signifies [accord, to some] a bargainer, or
chafferer ; (]£, TA ;) not a seller nor a buyer ;
but Esh-Shafi'ee and Az deny that this epithet is

285

applied to a man before he has concluded the
contract : (L, TA :) the pi. of »5l/ is SfttJ : (ISd,

K :) and the pi. of * %& is Jliu/ [or rather this is

a quasi-pl. n.] and iU^I : (K :) and Kr holds
thatlc^ispl. of *Iy. (TA.) t^U^JI signifies TVie

seller and the buyer; (S,Mgh;) and so '^jUjUioJI.

(TA.) It is said in a trad., U ^(^ ^oU^JI

\ijiui j,), and in another, * ^jUjLi^JI, [The seller
and the buyer have the option of cancelling the
contract as long as they have not separated.]
(TA.) __ «j0 1\ja\ I A woman who easily obtains
a suitor ; or who is much in demand ; by reason
of her beauty : (K, TA :) as though she sold
herself: like 5^.13 iiU. (Z,TA.)

%0~t Sold: and bought: as also ♦ fyt~<> ■ (S,

K :) in the latter sense syn. with * cU~o. (Msb.)
Kh says that the letter suppressed in »~o is the

y of the measure JyuU, because it is augmenta-
tive: but Akh says that the letter suppressed is
the medial radical ; for when they made the ^g
quiescent, they transferred its vowel to the letter
before it, so that it became madmoomeb, [the

% it*

word thus being altered to c^^o,] then they
changed the dammeh into kesrch because of the
l£ after it, then the (_£ was suppressed, and the
j was changed into ^j, like the j of Olh*t
because of the kesreh: accord, to El-Mdzinee,
each of these sayings is good ; but that of Akh is
the more agreeable with analogy. (S.)

• 30. \

£**»• I * -

• 00, } see 2*7°'
£&: J

>4Uio : see iuKi, in two places.

^j}X~j [Fullers' earth, which is used for scour-
ing cloths, and is sometimes used in the bath,
instead of soap;] the yellow [or rather yellowish,
or yellowish gray, and sometimes white, or
whitish,] earth known by the name of ^j\i>.
(TA, from Esh-Shihab El-'Ajamee.)

1. oW, (M, Mgh, Msb, 5,) [aor. o^,] inf. n.

&>£ and o^' (M, Mgh, %.) and ^ (M, ^,)
/< (a thing) became separated, severed, disunited,
or cut off, (M, Mgh, Msb^ £,) j^l ^ ^roin
Me thing. (Mgh.) And C**V, (M, £,) or «i«}^
(JtWsJW* (Msb,) Site (a wife) became separated by
divorce, (M, Msb, K,) Ja-J)< tj* from the man.
(M, K\) And C«iV said of a girl, [She became
separated from her parents by marriage;] she
married : (ISh, T :) as though she became at a
distance from the house of her father. (ISh,TA.)
And oV, (M,) or jCy oC aor. J^', (T,) inf. n.

^jjut (T,M) and ^i, (M,) He became separated
from his father, or mother, or both, by property
[which lie received from him, or her, or them,]
(AZ,T,M,) to be his alone: (AZ,T:) and El-
Farisce states, on the authority of AZ, that one

286

■ays also, *ie yfo and ail/ [the former npp.
meaning he became separated thus from him, i. e.,
from his father ; and the latter being gyn. with
*)$, q- T.J. (M.) And LeJUJt J)W, inf. n. ^
and iiy-ef, [The partner, or copartner, or sharer,
ice., became separated from the person, or persons,
with whom he had been associated.] (T.) And
Vy-i*. ^ aiUI j* cJl*, inf. n. J,^, [7%e fore
leg of the she-camel became withdrawn, or apart,
from her tide.] (T.) And q(/, (S,M,Msb,)
and tyii, (5,) aor. ^t, (S,) inf. n. ^ and
iiyW, (S, M , Mk1>, K,) 7/c separated himself, or
i7 separated itself; (S ; [in one copy of which it
is said of a tiling;]) and they separated them-
selves: (K :) or it (a tribe, M, Msb) went, jour-
neyed, went away, or departed; and went, re-
moved, retired, or withdrew itself, to a distance,
at far away, or far off. (Msb.)_^, (T,S,
M,&c.,) aor. o«i, (T,Mfb,) inf. n. oW; (T,
fy Mgh, K ;) and' 1 y, (T, S, M, fee.,) inf. n.
ity, (T,Msb;) and t^ (T, S, M, &c.,)
inf. n. y^J ; (S ;) and t ^^-3 ; and t ^Li-I ;
(T, S, M, kc.,) all signify the same ; (T, M,
Msb ;) i. e. It (a thing, T, S, M, Mgh, or an
affair, or a case, Msb) was, or became, [distinct,
as though separate from others ; and thus,] appa-
rent, manifest, evident, clear, plain, or perspi-
cuous: (R.Mgh, Msb,K:) and it was, or became,

known. (K.) You say, JaJt ,jl/ [The truth
became apparent, &c. ; or known] ; as also t^l.
(T.) And

77i« dawn lias become apparent to him who has
two eyes: a prov. : (S, M :) applied to a tiling
that becomes altogether apparent, or manifest.
(liar p. 542.) And it is said in the Kur [ii. 257],

J,*JI O* JLijJI *o£> Ji [The right belief hath
become distinguished from error]. (TA.) And

the lawyers, correctly, use the phrase, ^ -"'j-p^

Jss Is ^ s #•# *

3^^ Ai* T Q t » " i j [Zi7<« a sound whereof letters

are not distinguishable]. (Mgh.) [It seems to

be indicated in the TA that ^U, aor. l > f J, inf. n.
• tv •» ss* -

^ef and iiy^f, also signifies J< was, or became,

united, or connected; thus having two contr.

meanings ; but I have not found the verb used in

this sense, though t j t f signifies both disunion and

union.] = <»jO, aor. ^t^, inf. n. && : see ai^,

» *' * *' '

a° r ' Oytit ,n f- n. OV» in art. 0>l- s " 8 S ee also 2,
in two places.

«• Ott, intrans., inf. n. (^J: see 1, in two

places. __ You say also, j+JLi\ ^ I The trees,
(K,) or the leaves of the trees, (TA,) appeared,
when beginning to grow forth. (K, TA.) And
£y2N ^ J The horn came forth. (K, TA.) =
*2* Oct'- *ee 4.__i4r, (T, Msb, K,) inf. n.
0«3 (T,S) and t^£j (T,S,*K*) andJiO;
(K ;) the second of which three is an anomalous
inf. n., (T, S, K,) for by rule it should be of the
measure JUii; (T,S;) but &£$ is not known
except accord, to the opinion of those who allow
the authority of analogy, which opinion is out-
weighed by the contrary; (TA;) and ^1^3 is

the only inf. n. of its measure except tUJJ, (T,S,)
accord, to the generality of the leading authorities;
but some add JU«3, as inf. n. of J~o; and
El-Harecrce adds to these two, in the Duirali,
JtaJ, as inf. n. of aJLoU ; and Esh-Shiluib
adds, in the Expos, of the Durrah, «_>!/•-'> as
inf. n. of j«aJt w>i ; asserting wjI^j also to
have been heard, agreeably with analogy ; [and
to these may be added il£y and *l£«3, and perhaps
some other instances of the same kind;] but some
disallow JUij altogether as the measure of an
inf. n., saying that the words transmitted as in-
stances thereof arc simple substs. used as inf. ns.,
like Jlifc in the place of Ju£l ; (MF,TA;)
and Sb says that ^jUIj is not an inf. n. ; for,
where it so, it would be oW> hut it is, from
cXi, like ij\i from ojfcl ; (M, TA ;) [lie made
it distinct, as though separate from others ; and
thus,] he made it (namely, a thing, T, S, Mgh,
or an affair, or a case, Msb) apparent, manifest,
evident, clear, plain, or perspicuous ; (S, Msb,
£;) as also t*il<l, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n.
iiy'l; (Msb;) and t-Llj; (S,*Msb,Kl;) and
t <oUl,| : (Mgh, Msb, K :) [<l^j is the most
common in this sense : and often signifies he
explained it : and he proved it :] and * all tlicsc
verbs signify also lie made it known ; he notified
it : (^ :) or » <t . : ;, : ; . » A signifies, (S,) or signifies
also, (Mgh,) I knew it, or became acquainted
with it, [or distinguished it,] (S, Mgh,) clearly,
or plainly; (Mgh;) and sb f aZ^ }*'(§»* Mgh })
[and Aiiu, as appears from an ex. in what follows,
from a verse of En-Nabighah :] t <&^ and t «c^|
and " <c U<I..>t and <xiw all signify tlio same as
" i C ^eJ [app. in all" the senses of this verb] : (M :)
or, of all these verbs, t^W is only intrans. :
(Msb :) and t <u ;. : . T .,'l signifies I looked at it, or
into it, (namely, a thing,) considered it, examined
it, or studied it, repeatedly, in order that it might
become apparent, manifest, evident, clear, or plain,
to me : (T, TA :) and t aj^} he looked at it, or
into it, (namely, an affair, or a case,) considered
it, examined it, or studied it, repeatedly, or deli-
berately, in order to know its real state by the
external signs thereof. (T.) A poet says,

- t * > o * A" &*
(Ji^b -r^ 1 Oct i<-»

Uj

[And I feared not until the drinking, or the time
of drinking, and molestation, made manifest, or
plainly showed, by a- deep-red (sun), that I was
separated from the tribe: see ^jilS]. (M.) And

it is said in the Kur [xvi. 91], »1>UCI Ji^ic IJptj
•j^w ^Jil ULj5 [^.nrf we Aace *en< (/o»a /o <Aee
</*c Scripture to make manifest everything] ;
meaning, we make manifest to thee in the Scrip-
ture everything that thou and thy people require
[to know] respecting matters of religion. (T.)

See also ^l^, in the latter half of the paragraph.
En-Nabighah says,

[Except the places of the confinement of the

[Book I.

beasts : with difficulty did I distinguish them] ;
meaning 1\^lo\. (S.) You say also, to *^«3
aJO, meaning He sought, or endeavoured, to see,
or discover, what would luippen to him, of good
and evil. (M in art. j~aj.) [See also 5, below.]
s j~»jiLj\ J---» t ^j . ,;£., zj j, in the Kur [vi. 55],
means And that thou mayest the more consider,
or examine, repeatedly, in order that it may
become manifest to thee, the way of the sinners,
O Mohammad : (T :) or that thou mayest seek,
or endeavour, to see plainly, or clearly, Sec; syn.

jK^vr' ?— f >' ■■ " ■ l ? : (^'J hut most read, ^..Z.-J^

^^-aja^oJI J-^j ; the verb in this case being
intrans. (T.)

3. <«»Lj^, (K,) inf. n. <U;L«, (S,) 7/c separated
himself from him; or left, forsook, or abandoned,
him: (S,TA:) or he forsook, or abandoned, him,
being forsaken, or abandoned, by him ; or cwt
/«t»t off from friendly or loving communion or
intercourse, being so cut off by him ; or cut him,
or ceased to speak to him, being in like manner
cut by him. (K.) [And It became separated
from it.]

*' *

4. jjUl, intrans., inf. n. AiUI : sec 1, in two

> ■

places, ss Ai^l, (inf. n. as above, TA,) lie sepa-
rated it, severed it, disunited it, or cut it off.

(M, Msl», K, TA.) You say, <u.tj o$'*4j-±
(S, K) He smote him and severed his head, £y»
sju-i. from his body. (S, TA.) And i\^J\ ^\
He (the husband) separated the woman, or wife,
by divorce. (Msb.) And suij oW'» and t l^ f
(T, K,) inf. n. of tlio foi-mcr as above, and of the
latter C*a*>> (TA,) lie married, or gave in
marriage, his daughter, (T, K,) and she went
to her kuslmnd : (T :) from ,^o signifying " dis-
tance :" as though lie removed her to a distance
from the house, or tent, of her mother. (TA.)
And JW iVl"eM (M,) or Jl^l ii^l, (T,) He
separated from himself his son, (M,) or his two
parents separated him from themselves, (T,) by
[giving him] property, (T, M,) to be his alone:
(T:) mentioned on tlio authority of A Z. (T,M.)
And jiJI yja fje. ^jJI ^Ut lie drew, away the
bucket from the casing of the well, lest the latter

should lacerate the former. (M.) Sec also 2,

in three places. __[ Hence, ^\ signifies also He
spoke, or wrote, perspicuously, clearly, plainly,
or diitinctly, as to meaning ; or, with eloquence :
from ^Igj, q. v.] And «ul* ^\ He spoke per-
spicuously, clearly, plainly, or distinctly, and
gave kis testimony, or evidence, or gave decisive
information, against him, or respecting it. (TA.)
[The verb thus used is for <t*^jl^ ,jUI, and Aljl^i.]
One says of a drunken man, U"^L& ^^.j U He
does not speak plainly, or distinctly; lit., does
not make speech plain, or distinct. (Ks, T in
art. C-j.) _ [*^tf\ U 7/bro distinct, apparent,
manifest, evident, clear, or pfotn, is it! See
an ex. voce ,J-v. — And Horn perspicuous, or
chaste, or eloquent, is he in speech, or writing!
how good is his (jQ !]

-

5. o-y, intrans. : sec 1, in two places, sb As a

trans, verb: see 2, in seven places [Hence,

Book I ]

y»*}\ being understood,] He sought, or sought
leisurely or repeatedly, to obtain knowledge [of
the thing], until he knew [it] ; he examined,
scrutinized, or investigated: (Bd inxlix.6:) he
sought, or endeavoured, to make the affair, or
case, manifest, and to settle it, or establish it, and
was not hasty therein : (Idem in iv. 06 :) or he
acted, or proceeded, deliberately, or leisurely, in
the affair, or case ; not hastily : ( Ks, TA :) or it
has a signification like this: in the Kur ch. iv. v.9G
and cli. xlix. v. 0, some read ly t ,.3, and otiicrs
\y..".,~,i ; and the meanings are nearly the same :
y^jill was said by Mohammad to be from God,
and iU-idl [i. e. " haste"] from the devil. (T.)

6. LoUj They two (namely, two men, and two
copartners,) became separated, each from the
other: (M, TA:) or they forsook, or abandoned,
each other ; or cut each other off from friendly
or loving communion or intercourse; or cut, or
ceased to speak to, each other. (K.) And tyjL3
They, having been togetlter, became separated:
(Msb:) or they forsook, or abandoned, oneanother;
or cut one another off from friendly or loving
communion or intercourse ; or cut, or ceased to
speak to, one another. (S.)_ [Hence, They two
were dissimilar : and they two (namely, words,)
were disparate; whether contraries or not: and
they two (namely, numbers,) were incommen-
surable.]

10. ijl^att, in trans. : secl.sr As a trans, verb:
sec 2, in six places.

£)\j a coll. gen. n. : n. un. with 5 : sec art. ,j^.

v j-j li:is two contr. significations ; (T, S, Msb;)
one of which is Separation, or disunion [of com-
panions or friends or lovers]. (T, S, M, Msb, K.)

Hence, ^>«JI «l>li as meaning Enmity, and vehe-

•. * * •
ment hatred: and the saying ^^-Jl Olj -.^U**^,

C »-

i. e. For the reforming, or amending, of the bud,
or corrupt, state subsisting between the people, or
company of men ; meaning/or the allaying of the
discord, enmity, rancour, or vehement hatred:
(Msb :) [but this has also the contr. meaning, as
will be seen below : and it is explained as having
a vague import ; for it is said that] Oli «-'%o\ ^

^>ljl means In the reforming, or amending, of
the circumstances subsisting between the persons to
whom it relates, by frequent attention thereto.
(Mgh.) [Hence also,] ^^Jl vli* [The raven of
separation or disunion ; i. c., whose appearance,
or croak, is ominous of separation : said by some

to be] the vl^ termed %iyl [i. e. tn which is
blackness and whiteness; or having whiteness in
the breast]; (S, K;) so described by the poet
'Antarah : (S :) or that which is red in the beak
and legs; but the black is called _vUJ I, because
it makes [or shows] separation to be absolutely
unavoidable, ( Abu-1-Ghowth, S, K,) according to
the assertion of the Arabs, i. e., by its croak :
(Msb in art. j^». :) [or it is any species of the
corvus:] Hamzeh says, in his Proverbs, that this
name attaches to the vlr^ because, when the
people of an abode go away to seek after herbage,
it alights in the place of their tents, searching the
sweepings: (H.ar p. 308:) but accord, to the
Kadec of Granada, Aboo-'Abd-Allah Esh-Shcrecf,

this appellation, so often occurring in poetry,
properly signifies camels that transport people
from one district, or country, to another; and
he cites the following verses :

* *

* - •- H *> J ** * * ft - •*>

*a *i» a * • a *

1^1 j*L?)J -$\ ^JJI U

$M g^A\ Jh^JI

[Those have erred whom I liave seen, with igno-
rance, all of them blaming a raven croaking :
the fault is not imputable save to the camels; for
they are of the things that scatter and disperse
their congregation: verily the place that is the
object of a journey is brought near by the raven's
lucky omen; but the she-camels discompose the
united state] : and Ibn-'Abd-Rabbih says,

t j * t » e»' i *J "«

[The raven cried; and I said, A most lying bird,
if the grumbling cry of a camel on the occasion
of his lying laden do not verify it]. (TA in art.
w>j£.) _ Also Distance, (S, M, Msb, K>) by the
space, or interval, between two things. (Msb.)
You say, ^>~> ^jj jJUI ^j~t Between the two coun-
tries, or towns, tec, is a distance, of space, or
interval: (Msb:) and ^j^f Uy^~> Between them
two is a distance, with ^J, when corporeal dis-

* t.t* A

tancc is meant : (Idem in art. ^jyf :) or Uy^ u' 1
^>jJ [Verily between them two is a distance], not
otherwise, in the case of [literal] distance. (S.)
And you say also, jua^ ^^t Uy~J (T in art. ^jy,
S, M # ) and l^y &# (T in art. Oyi> ?, M, # Msb*
in art. &yi) Between them two [meaning two
men] is a [wide] distance ; (M ;) i. c. between
their two degrees of rank or dignity, or between
the estimations in which they are commonly held :
(Msb in art. ^j^j :) in this case, the latter is the
moro chaste. (S.) You also say, [using ^f

to denote An interval of time,] l ^ Ol j^ju a^JU
[I met him after, or a little after, an interval, or
intervals,] when you have met him after a while,
and then. withheld yourself from him, and then
come to him. (S, M, K. [Sec also J*j.]) =
Also IJnion [of companions or friends or lovers] ;
(T, S, M, Msb : )£ ;) the contr. of the first of the
significations mentioned above in this paragraph.
(T, S, Msb.) [Hence ^>£)1 Oli as meaning Tlie
state of union or concord or friendship or love
subsisting between a people or between two par-
ties ; this being likewise the contr. of a signi-
fication assigned to the same expression above:

whence the phrase, i>~JI Oli jL-it (occurnng in
the S and K in art. jA, and often elsewhere,)
The marring, or disturbance, of the state of
union or concord &c. : and] hence the saying,
«3wJU £>* ij^\ Oli r-tJLe^ £& l5*** [Such a
one laboured for the improving of the state
of union or concord Sec. of his kinsfolk; but

287

in this instance, the meaning given in the second
sentence of this paragraph seems to be more ap-
propriate]. (Ham p. 5C0.) —^^rf Ot} may also
be used as meaning The vacant space (S^C) that
is between their houses, or tents. (Ham p. 105.)
= ^j is also an adverbial noun, [as such written
&&,] (S, M, Mgh, Msb, £,) capable of being
used as a noun absolutely: (M,K:) it relates
only to that which has space, as a country; or to
that which has some number, either two or more,
as two men, and a company of men ; and denotes
[intervention in] the interval between two things,
or the middle, or midst, of two things, (Er-
Rdghib, TA,) or the middle of a collective num-
ber : (S :) [thus it signifies Between, and amidst,
and among:] its meaning is [therefore] vague,
not apparent unless it is prefixed to two or moro
[words, or to a word signifying two or more], or
to what supplies the place of such a complement :
(Msb :) it must necessarily be prefixed, and may
not be otherwise than in the manners just ex-
plained : (Mgh :) [i. c.] it may not be prefixed to
any noun but such as denotes more than one, or
to a noun that has another conjoined to it by j,
(M,) not by any other conjunction, (M, Msb,)
aecord. to the usage commonly obtaining. (Msb.)
You say ^U-jJI ^^ [Between the two men] :
(Er-Riighih, TA :) and j>'jt\ J^J jOl [The pro-
perty is between the company of men] : (M, Msb,
Er-Raghib :•) and .j^Uj jJj y^VjOl [The
property is between Zeyd and 'A mr] : and yh
4~->j (jie; [He, or it, is bettveen me and him] :
(M:) and>yUI o^ w~U- I sat in the middle
of [or amidst or among] the company of men :
(S,K :) and tljJU ^sJI u£~>, with ^o«JI in the
accus. case, [Sec between you two the camel,
therefore take him], a saying heard by Kb : (L in
art. jm£ :) and >vv ~rf U jl_» [The state subsisting
among them became bad, or marred, or disturbed] :
(S and K in art. !»«-» :) and j\S}\ ^ (M and K
in art. jjJ) and j\S$\ ^t 1^4 (S and Msb in
that art.) [/.*», or during, the space of (several)
days] : and JUi ^^ 0'>*> ' n tnc ^ur [ii. 03], is
an ex. of its being prefixed to a single word sup-
plying the place of more than one ; (Mgh, Msb ;)
the meaning being, Of middle age, between that
which has been mentioned ; namely, the ^>j(i
and the Jit. (Bd.) Some allow that two words
to the former of which £>& is prefixed may be
connected by «_i, citing as an evidence the phrase
U6cd by Imra-el-Kcys, J-»>»-» J^tjJI ^t [as
though meaning Between Ed-Dakhool and How-
mal] : but to this it has been replied that Jyi-jJI
is a name applying to several places ; so that the
phrase [means amidst Ed-Dakkool &e., and] is
similar to the saying, >»yUI ^>-j JUM [mentioned
above, or j>^\ cm dwJ» j also mentioned above].
(Msb.) [You say also, ^^Jil^and^^yi^.,
&c, meaning In the midst of them. (See art.
jyii.) And Atjj t^ei, and ^yiSJ CM, meaning

Before him, and before them, ^j is also often
used absolutely as a noun : thus it is in the Kur

0% * A t'* I m

Ixxxvi. 7, ^I^JIj yXa w k>o o-f ?-J~~i Coming

288

forth from between, or amidst, the spine and the

breaet-bone* : and in xxx\\. 8 of the Mime, UJU*-^

Ijl- j*riJo\ ^i £y» And rve have placed before

them (lit. between their hands) a barrier.] It is

■aid in the Kur [ vi. 04], ^Zj «£!; ji), as some

read ; or ^^, as others : (T, S, M :) the former

means Verily your union hath become dissevered :

( A A,T,S, M :) the latter, that which wasbetween

you ; CJ£i U, Ibn-Mes'ood, T, S, or &\&> \J JJt"

• **■•* *

^itf, IAar, T;) or /A« *<a/« wherein ye were, in

respect of partnership among you : (Zj, T :) or

the state of circumstances, or the bond, or the

love, or affection, [formerly subsisting] among

you, or between you ; or, accord, to Akh, j£ti,
though in the accus. case as to the letter, is in the
nom. cose as to the place, by reason of the verb,
and the adverbial termination is retained only be-
cause tho word is commonly used as an adv. n. :
(M:) AHat disapproved of tlio latter reading;
but wrongly, because what is suppressed accord,
to this reading is implied by what precedes in the
same verse. (T.)__[It is often used as a partitive,
or distributive ; as also ^>*j U : for ex.,] you say,
oitii w*iU. i>tt^> (? and TA in art oji,)
or u*illj -JiU. OeJ U ^k, (TA in art. sJJ*.,)
i. e. [They are partly, or tn part,] beating with
the staff, or stick, and [partly, or in part,] pelting
with stones; [or some beating &c, and the others
pelting tec] (S and TA, both in art «_4J3, and
the latter in art >_».*»..) [See also an ex. in a

• j 1 1 *'* * S* * S0 *\

verse cited voce a ! v> . ] — ^j^ k j t f IJuk means
This (namely, a thing, S, or a commodity, Msb)
it between good and bad : (S, Ms b, K :) or of a
middling, or middle, sort : (M :) these two words
being two nouns made one, and indecl., with
fet-h for their terminations, (S, Msb, K,) like
'jU. ii^t>. (Msb.) iil t Lj\ s£j| [i.e. the
hemzeh uttered lightly] is called ^y ^y*j ȣ**,
(8, M, K,*) i. e. A hemzeh that is between the

hemzeh and the soft letter whence is its vowel; (S,

$* n ** • *

M ;) or ^t Cftt »>**> the first l s^ with kesreh

l ■

but without tenween, and the second with tenween,
(Sharh Shudhoor edh-Dhahab,) [i. e. the hemzeh
&c. :] if it is with fet-h, it is between the hemzeh
and the alif, as in JU, (S, M,) for jL; (M ;) if
with kesr, it is between the hemzeh and the ye,
M in^., (S,M,) for JJi*; (M;) and if with
damm, it is between the hemzeh and the waw, as
in 'j.£, (S, M,) for J$ : (M :) it is never at the
beginning of a word, because of its nearness, by
reason of feebleness, to the letter that is quiescent,
(8, M,) though, notwithstanding -this, it is really
movent : (8 :) it is thus called because it is weak,
(Sb, 8, M,) not having the power of the hemzeh
uttered with its proper sound, nor the clearness of
the letter whence is its vowel. (M.) 'Obeyd Ibn-
El- A bras says,

-•- - •- > t • - •*

i. e. [Thou defendest what we ought to defend, or
our banner, or standard, while some of the people,
or company of men,] fall, one after another, in a
state of weakness, not regarded as of any account :
(8 :) or it is as though he said, between these and
these ; like a man who enters between two parties

in some affair, and falls, or slips, or commits a
mistake, and is not honourably mentioned in
relation to it: so says Seer: (IB, TA :) or between
entering into fight and holding back from it ; as
when one says, Such a one puts forward a foot,
and puts back another. (TA.) — ♦ Ul,> and * U-L
are of the number of inceptive O^ja- : (M, K :)
this is clear if by <~i$j»- is meant " words :" that
they have become particles, no one says : they are
still adv. iis. : (MF, TA :) the former is ^>^ with
its [final] fet-hah rendered full in sound; and
hence the t ; (Mughnee in the section next after
that of lj, and K;) [i. c.,] it is of the measure
VJ iii [or *&>] from ^t, the [final] fet-hah
being rendered full in sound, and so becoming t ;
and the latter is i j t i with U [restrictive of its
government] added to it ; and both have the same
meaning [of While, or whilst] : (S :) or the I in
the former is the restrictive I ; or, as some say, it
is a portion of the restrictive U [in the latter] :
(Mughnee ubi supra:) and these do not exclude

t>o from the category of nouns, but only cut it
off from being prefixed to another noun : (MF,
TA :) they are substitutes for that to which k >-j
would otherwise be prefixed : (Mgh :) some say
that these two words are adv. ns. of time, denoting
a thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly;
and they are prefixed to a proposition consisting
of a verb and an agent, or an inchoative and
enunciative; so that they require a complement
to complete the meaning. (TA.) One says, ul>
\j£~> *!>.*»- j I OUjh£> ij»J [While we were in
such a state as that, lo, or there, or then, such a
thing happened, or came to pass] : (M, Mgh,*
K:*) and \j£> O*** £*i [While we were thus] :
(Mgh :) and

* *t JJJI' » % * *0*

[ While we were looking, or waiting, for him, he
came to us] ; (S, M ;) a saying of a poet, cited by
Sb ; (M ;) the phrase being elliptical ; (S, M ;)
meaning *Jji ^Lj oijl J**, (M,) i. e., 'J^t
abt Uii, olijl [between the times of our looking,
or waiting, for him]. (S, M.) A; used to put
nouns following L^ in the gen. case when 1 ^*j
might properly supply its place ; as in the saying
(of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, which he thus recited, with
kesr, 8),

* ^jjj 5U£H rtJL'ou lw *

J*- *' • 30 I 0*0

[Amid his embracing the courageous armed men,
and his guileful eluding, one day a bold, daring
man was appointed for him, to slay him] : (S,
K :) in [some copies of] the K, <Ulju ; but in the
Deew&n [of the Hudhalees], eiisu : [in the Mugh-
nee, ubi supra, <uuU3:J the meaning is 4JuUj >^*j;
the I being added to give fulness to the sound of
the [final] vowel : (TA :) As used to say that the
I is here redundant: (Skr, TA :) others put the
nouns following both U^ and 1*~j in the nom.
case, as the inchoative and enunciative. (Skr, S,
K.) Mbr says that when the noun following
Uj,« is a real subst, it is put in the nom. case as
an inchoative ; but when it is an inf. n., or a noun

[Book I.

of the inf. kind, it is put in the gen., and lw
in this instance has the meaning of &&: and
Ahmad Ibn-Yahya says the like, but some per-
sons of chaste speech treat the latter kind of noun
like the former : after U-U^, however, each kind
of noun must be in the nom. case. (AA, T.)
[Sec an ex. in a verse cited towards the end of
art. Jl.]

U^: )

•

^ttt A separation, or division, (T, M, £,) be~

twecn two things, (T,) or between two lands; (M,
K ;) as when there is a rugged place, with sand*
near it, and between the two is a tract neither
rugged nor plain : (T :) an elevation in rugged
ground: (M,K:) the extent to which the eye
readies, (T, M, £,) of a roud, (T,) or of land :
(M :) a piece of land extending as far as the eye
reaches : (T, S :) and a region, tract, or quarter :
(AA,T,M,s':)pl.o^. (S.TA.)

,jW is originally the inf. n. of ,jW as syn. with
tjtti, and so signifies The being [distinct or]
apparent &c. ; (Kull ;) or it is a subst. in this
sense : (Msb :) or a subst. from ^f, [and so
signifies the making distinct or apparent &c,]
being like j>%* and>^£» from^JLi and^JLSs.
(Kull.) .^ Hence, conventionally, (Kull,) The
means by which one makes a thing [distinct,]
apparent, manifest, evident, clear, plain, or per-
spicuous: (S, Er-Raghib, TA, Kull :) this is of
two kinds: one is [a circumstantial indication
or evidence; or] a thing indicating, or giving
evidence of, a circumstance, or state, that is a
result, or an effect, of a quality or an attribute :
the other is a verbal indication or evidence, either
spoken or written : [see also i^> :] it is also
applied to language that discovers and shows the
meaning that is intended : and an explanation of
confused and vague language: (Er-Raghib,TA:)
or the eduction of a thing from a slate of dubious-
ness to a state if clearness : or making the mean-
ing apparent to the mind so that it becomes
distinct from other meanings and from wliat
might be confounded with it. (TA.) __ Also
Perspicuity, clearness, distinctness, chasteness, or
eloquence, of speech or language : (T, S :) or
simply perspicuity thereof: (Har p. 2 :) or per-
spicuity of speech with quickness, or sharpness, of
intellect : (M, K :) or perspicuous, or chaste, or
eloquent, speech, declaring, or telling plainly,
what is in the mind : (Ksh, TA :) or the showing
of the intent, or meaning, with the most eloquent
expression : it is an effect of understanding, and
of sharpness, or quickness, of mind, with perspi-
cuity, or chasteness, or eloquence, of speech :
(Nh, TA :) or a faculty, or principles, [or a
science,] whereby one knows how to express [with
perspicuity of diction] one meaning in various
forms : (Kull :) [some of the Arabs restrict the
science of ^W 1 t0 what concerns comparisons
and tropes and metonymies; which last the
Arabian rhetoricians distinguish from tropes: and
some make it to include rhetoric altogether:]
Esh-Shereeshee says, in his Expos, of the Maka-

mat [of El-Hareeree] that the difference between
• ** * • *•
OW and * jlfj is this : that the former denotes

Book I.]

perspicuity of meaning; and the latter, the making
the meaning to be understood; and the former is
to another person, and the latter to oneself; but
sometimes the latter is used in the sense of the
former: (TA :) or the former is the act of the
tongue, and the latter is the act of the mind:
(Har p. 2 :) or the former concerns the verbal
expression, and the latter concerns the meaning.
(Kull.) It is said in a trad., \j*~. > jUI l >« ,j1
(8) or l^L-J (TA) [Verily there is a hind of
eloquence that is enchantment : see this explained
in art. ;*—•]■ The saying in the Kur [lv. 2 and
3], oW<* *•** ,jC °A\ JJU. means He hath
created the Prophet : He hath taught him the
Kur-in wherein is the manifestation of everything
[needful to be known] : or He hath created Adam,
or man as meaning all mankind : He hath [taught
him speech, and to] made him to discriminate,
and thus to be distinguished from all [other]
animals : (Zj, T :) or He hath taught him that
whereby lie is distinguished from other animals,
namely, the declaration of what is in tlus mind,
and the making others to understand what he has
perceived, for the reception of inspiration, and
the becoming acquainted with the truth, and the
learning of the law. (Bd.) — It is also applied
to Verbosity, and the going deep, or being extra-
vagant, in speech, and affecting to be perspicuous,
or chaste, therein, or eloquent, and pretending to
excel others therein ; or some ,jW ' 8 thus termed ;
and is blamed in a trad., as a kind of hypocrisy ;
as though it were a sort of self-conceit and pride.
(TA.)

Uitr! r-t A- well °f which the rope does not
strike against the sides, because its interior is
straight : or that is wide in the upper part, and
narrow in the lower : or in which the drawer of
water makes the rope to be aloof from its sides,
because of its crookedness : (T :) or deep and
wide ; (S, K ;) because the ropes are wide apart
from its sides; (S ;) as also * i2li : (S, TA :) or
that is wide between the two [opposite] sides:
(M :) pi. [regularly of the latter epithet] ^ly.
(T,S.)

{ j t f [Distinct, as though separate from others;
and thus,] apparent, manifest, evident, clear,
plain, or perspicuous; (T, S, Msb, K;) as also

OW (T) and *oJi : (T, 8 :) pi. [of mult] SjJ
(S,K)and [ofpauc.] £io. (K.) Hence, vl£*Jl
t^g^JI [as applied to the Kur, q. v. in xii. 1,
&c.,] The clear, plain, or perspicuous, book or
writing or scripture : or, as some say, this means
the book &c. that makes manifest all that is
required [to be known] : (T :) or, of which the
goodness and the blessing are made manifest : or,
that makes manifest the truth as distinguished

Curf — *et

from falsity, and what is lawful as distinguished
from what is unlawful, and that the prophetic
office of Mohammad is true, and so are the narra-
tives relating to the prophets : (Zj, T :) or, that
makes manifest the right paths as distinguished
from the wrong. (M, TA.) And ^ S$&
Perspicuous, clear, distinct, chaste, or eloquent,
language. (T.)__A man, or thing, bearing evi-
dence of a quality &c. that he, or it, possesses. (S
and K and other Lexicons passim.) — A man
(M) perspicuous, or clear, or distinct, in speech
or language ; or chaste t/ierein ; or eloquent ;
(ISh, T, M, K ;) fluent, elegant, and elevated, in
speech, and having little hesitation therein : (ISh,

T:) pi. {lijjf (T,M,K) and $& and [ofpauc]

^jtyl : (Lb., M, K :) the second of these pis. is

anomalous : the last is formed by likening j^w

to At\i : [for r>~> is a contraction of ^-~> :] but

' ' . ' ' **■

the pi. most agreeable with analogy is £)y*l '• bo

saysSb. (M.)

i^i An evidence, an indication, a demonstra-
tion, a proof, a voucher, or an argument, (Mgh,
TA,) such as is manifest, or. clear, whether in-
tellectual or perceived by sense; (TA;) [originally
i^eet,] of the measure iU*i, from 2iy*i, [see 1,
first sentence,] and <j\gi [q. v.] : (Mgh :) and
''\e testimony of a witness: pi. oU. (TA.)

£$l In a state of separation or disunion ; or
separated, severed, disunited, or cut off; (M,*
Msb;) as also "i>eA occurring in a verse cited
above, voce ±y*i. [Hence,] ^V ••>-»' A woman
separated from her husband by divorce; (M,
Msb, K ;) as also ▼ £U« : the former without S :
(Msb:) like J)& and ^aSU.: you say [to a

wife] ^y(/ C*il [Thou art separated from me
by divorce.] (Mgh.) _ £y(i JftJa is a tropical

• - *> • - a -

phrase ; and so is <L5l* iiU> ; (Mgh ;) [signify-
ing the same as] iiSb U^J»3 (S, M, Msb, K) t A
divorce that is [as it were] cut off; i. q. » iil«*
[in the second and third of these phrases, and
* Z,C» in the first] : (ISk,Msb:) £51/ being here
used in the sense of a pass. part. n. : (S, Sgh,
Msb:) or it [is a possessive epithet, and thus]
means having separation : this kind of divorce is
one in the case of which the man cannot take
back the woman unless by a new contract; (TA;)
nor without her consent. f MF in art. C-/.) —
£?W J»JS, (S,M,K,) and jfi, (M,K,) A bow
that is widely separate from its string : (S, M,
K :) contr. of <£V i (?, M ;) this signifying one
that is so near to its string as almost to stick to
it : (S :) each of these denotes what is a fault.
(S, M.)_«5Vj£/: 8ee Osti- — **™i **•-» ■*

289

palm-tree of which the racemes have come forth
from the spathes, and of which the fruit-stalks

J "

have grown long. (AHn, M.) —^Ul also sig-
nifies He who comes to the milch beast [meaning
the she-camel, when she is to be milked,] from her
left side; (S, K ;) and ,JU*>1, he who comes to
her from her right side : (S :) or the former, he
who stands on the right of the she-camel when she
is milked, and holds the miVting-veuel, and raises
it to the milker, who stands on her left, and is
called {JmZm^\ : (T :) two persons are engaged
in milking the she-camel ; one of them holds the
milking-vessel on the right side, and the other
milks on the left side ; and the milker is called

■ JtfC. J\ and , JbL»JI ; and the holder, i>5l*H •'
**• • a j ■** t *

(M :) pi. i j t f. (T.) It is said in a prov., C— I

/'** .' ''** • rr'

*J>jt\ ij>\i\, or, as some say,^JLcl ; meaning t He
who has superintended an affair, and exercised
himself diligently in the management thereof, it
better acquainted with it than he who kas not done
this. (T. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 606.])

***** j*

— CvW \}i^° Excessively tall, far above the
stature of tollmen. (TA.) = See also £>&.

ioUt *jyf\ ^J\ yJ* He asked, or begged, of
his two parents, the separation of himself from
them, by [their giving him] property, (AZ, T,
M,) to be his alone. (T.)

Oe^l : see Jftf ™ O^ O^ O^' O*^ Such
a one is more perspicuous, clear, distinct, chaste,
or eloquent, in speech or language, than such a
one. (S,TA.)

^Q* an anomalous inf. n. (T, S, K) of 2,
q. v. : (T :) or a subst. used as ah inf. n. ; (MF,
TA;)i.e.,asubst.from2. (Sb,M,TA.) See o£.

ijCe; and its fem., with i : see ^>>V, in three
places.

jjj*« Separating, severing, disuniting, or cut-
ting off; (S,K;) as also £>&*, like ^ ■» «:

(K :) but [the right reading in the K may be
• •»*••»* - • ' ...

)j - !^~ ^>--»j, meaning "and v >~-> is like

Q.m.0 :" if not,] cm** w a mistake. (TA.) =
See also ^>-j, in two places.

J^JI |>eC* [> n which the former word is app.

pi. of *,.'..;.«] signifies The things that make the
truth to be apparent, manifest, evident, clear, or
plain; or the means of making it so; syn.
eLMys, (TA.)

*ti

ir + +

1. a) dU, aor. oUj, inf. n.
sec 1 in art. »y».

<l~> ; and ei C^y U :

Bk. I.

3T

[Book I.]

The third letter of the alphabet : called iU and U
[respecting which latter sec the letter ^] : the
pi. [of the former is Olitf ; and of the latter,]
l\y\. (TA in iJ^U\ uU^I vW-) It »* <> IIC of the
letters termed i-. y *y» [or non-vocal, i. c. pro-
nounced with the breath only, without the voice],
and of those termed * ,. %!% '> [and iotki and x . *W >
and H. l nW< pronounced by pressing the tip of the
tongue against the upper gums and suddenly with-
drawing it with an emission of the breath] : these
latter arc J» and j and O, three letters that are
among those which arc changed into other letters.
(TA at the commencement of .UJ1 w>l>.) ss It is
one of the augmentative letters : (S :) and is
movent when added at the beginning of a noun,
and at the end of a noun, [and at the beginning
of a verb,] and at the end of a verb, and is also
quiescent at the end of a verb. (Mughnee, K.)
= Added at the beginning of a noun, it is a pre-
position, or particle governing the gen. case, sig-
nificant of swearing, (S,* Mughnee, K,) and
denoting wonder; (Mughnee, K.;) and [accord.
to general usage] it is peculiarly prefixed to the
name tS)\ ; (S, Mughnee, K ;) as in \^£=> jJU 4X1U
\j£» [By God,' verily it was thus, or verily such
a thing was]; (S;) and \j£s v^JUi^l <il)U [By
God, I will assuredly do such a thing] : (TA :)
but sometimes they said, ,jjj [Dy my Lord],
and JLxJJt ^jjj [By the Lord of the Kaabeh],

# • Si im

and ^jU^-jJU [By the Compussionate], (Mugh-
nee, K,) as is related on the authority of Akh ;
deviating from common usage. (TA.) Thus used,
it is a substitute for _j, (S, Mughnee,) as it is also
in i£j^J and -->\y and iLJ and i+tk "i [Sec.];
(S ;) and tlie j is a substitute for «; ; (S, Mugh-
nee ;) but the «l> has the additional meaning of
denoting wonder: so .says Z. (Mughnee.) =
Added at the end of a noun, it is a particle of
allocution : (Mughnee, K :) it is thus added in
wJI [Thou], (S, Mughnee, K,) addressed to a
male, (T A,) and wJl [Thou], (Mughnee, K,)
addressed to a female ; (TA ;) uniting with the
noun, as though the two became one ; not being
an affixed noun governed in the gen. case. (S.

[See o'-l) mm It is added in [the beginning
of] the second person of the future, (S,) [i. e.,]
in the beginning of the aor., (TA,) [as a particle
of allocutii n,] as in Jjuu OJI [Thou dost, or milt
do]. (S, 1A.)__It is also added, as a sign of
the fern, gender, in the beginning of the future,
[or aor.,] as in y)s&3 ^ [She does, or mill do]. (S,
TA.)_Itis also added in. the beginning of the
third person [fem.] of the [aor. used as an] impera-
tive, [as a sign of the fem. gender,] as in jua JJ&i
[Let Hind stand]. (TA.)_And sometimes it
is added in the beginning of the second person

of the [aor. used as an] imperative, [as a particle
of allocution,] as in the phrase in the Kur [x. 59,
accord, to one reading], I j a y i SU JWjui [There-
fore therein rejoice ye] : and in the saying of
the nijiz,

•UjUjU

•* - t I 1

[explained in art. ^i'l : an( l [thus] it is added in
the beginning of [the second person of] the [aor.
used as an] imperative of a verb of which the
agent is not named, as in J»j U «jl) [Be thou
proud, vain, boastful, or self-conceited, man],
from yjkj : but Akh 6ays that the adding of the
J in the beginning of the second person of the
[aor. used as an] imperative [except in the case
of a pass, verb or a verb of which the agent is
not named] is a bud idiom, because the J is not
needed. (S, TA.)t=The movent O added at
the end of a verb is a pronoun, as in w*«3 [I
stood], (Mughnee, ]£,) and 0»*S [Thou stoodest,
addressed to a male], and O«o3 [Thou stoodest,
addressed to a female] : (Mughnee :) thus added
in the first and second persons of the pret., it is a
pronoun denoting the agent. (S.) The quies-
cent O added at the end of a verb is a sign of the
fem. gender, (Mughnee, K,) i. e., a particle applied
to denote the fem. gender, (Mughnee,) as in c~sU
[She stood]. (Mughnee, K.) J says [in the S]
that, when thus added at the end of the pret., it
is a pronoun : but IB says [correctly] that it is
a particle. (TA.) = It is also, sometimes, affixed

\a jft and >->)\ and in these cases it is most
commonly movent with fct-h, (Mughnee, !£,) so

» i' ' - )

that one says C-»j and Coj. (TA.) [See arts.
j£ and w>j.] = is an imperative of i«51- (M
in art. ,JI.)sr3 [As a numeral, O denotes Four
hundred.]

U fem. of tj ; (M ;) i. q. «i [This and that];
(T ;) a noun of indication, denoting that which is
female or feminine ; like li (S, K) applied to that
which is male or masculine ; (S ;) and you say
also aJ, like »i : (S, K :) tho dual is ,jU : and

the pi., £j,l. (S,K.) En-Ndbighah [Edh-Dhub-
yanec] says, (T, S,) excusing himself to En-
Noamdn [Aboo-Kaboos], whom he had satirized,
(TA,)

• jJui ,j l\j jJ Ca.u oti *

[Nom verily this is an excuse : if it profit not,
then verily its author has lost his may in the
desert, or in the waterless desert] : (T, S : but in
the latter, "J) is put in the place of^l :) U here
points to the ** Jt«al [or ode]; and Sjjx is a subst

from jljucl ; and oU means j-*~j ; and jJJt

means SjUJI. (TA.) The dim. of U is 1$, (T,
S, M, K,) which is anomalous, like Ci tho dim.
ofli, &c. (I'Akp. 343. [Much has been written
respecting the formation of this dim. to reduce
it to something like rule, but I pass it over as,
in my opinion, unprofitable and unsatisfactory ;
and only refer to what is said respecting tho

duals Ul and «(«JI in art. .Jl. See an ex. voco
5j^>.]__U is prefixed to it (T, S, K) [as an in-
ceptive particle] to give notice of what is about to
be said, (S,) so that one says UU [meaning This],
(T,S,K,) as in ii*^ W* [This is such a woman] ;
(T;) and [in the dual] O^J an< l t m tno P'-]

;"^j*: nn <I » i e dim. is l^U. (S.)__Whcn you
use it in addressing another person, you add to
it i> [as a particle of allocution], and say i)U (S,
K) and jLj and J& (T, S, K) and jili, which
is a bad dial', var., (S,K,) and iUU, (T,S,) which
is the worst of these : (T :) [all meaning That :]

* * rim '

the dual is dUU and dUU, the latter with tcsh-
deed, (S, K, [but in some copies of the S, only
the latter is mentioned,]) and JOU [which, like
JOU, is dual of jUJ or JJUJ, which are contrac-
tions of JJUU ; these two duals being for jJUJU,
the original, but unused, form] : (]£ :) tho pi. is
iUJjl [or ilf^jl] and i)^«l and iUN«l [rcspect-

ing all of which see .Jl, in art. .Jl]: (S,"r>:)
and the dim. is JL3 and iJUlei : (K : [in the TA,
the latter is erroneously written dUUJ:]) the i)
relates to the person or persons whom you address,
masc. and fem. and dual and pi. : [but in address-
ing a female, you may say jJU &c. ; in addressing
two persons, U&U &c. ; in addressing more than

two males, ^0^13 &c. ; and in addressing more

t , .
than two females, ,j3U &c. :] what precedes tho

J) relates to tho person [or thing] indicated, masc.

and fem. and dual and pi. (S.)__U is also

prefixed to iLJ and JU, so that one says, itJU

jU* and jjj. M\h [This, or that, is Hind]. (S,
K.*) Abu-n-Nejm says,

«• * *

meaning [ We have come saluting thee and seeking

of thee a gift : then do thou to us] this or that :

[give us] a salutation or a gift. (S.) The U that

is used to give notice of what is about to be said

is not prefixed to dUJ because the J is made a

substitute for that U: (S, TA :) or, as IB says,

* i .i

they do not prefix that U to JJUi and JLU because

the J denotes the remoteness of that which is

indicated and the U denotes its nearness, so that

37*

292

the two arc incompatible. (TA.) = U and !tJ
Name* of the Utter O : see that letter, and see
arte, lyj and Ji. mm\j and itj or for .lii : see
(near its end) art. I.

U

R. Q. 1. 1313, inf. n. Sl3l3, lie reiterated the

letter o «'n tpeahing. (S, K.) ,^-e^W ^U, (T,

M,) inf. n. as above (T, M, K) and fch, (M,)

or .1313, (K,) He called the he-goat to copulate,

(T, M, K,) or to approach, (M,) laying tl3 13.
(M.)

I. t,

U 13 : see what next precedes.

JUO .4» onomatopoeia [imitative of the sound
made in reiterating the letter O in speaking : or,
in calling a he-goat to copulate, or to approach :
see the verb, above]. (T,K.)

ft.

.1313 A man who reiterates the letter O in
sjteahing. (S, K.*)

4. jJiJI <»Jt oj^' / continued to look at him
time after time (5/3 ji^ ijl3): (T,TA:) or J
/»o W at him sharply, or intently. (Fr, T, M,

K.) And <SJ^ *$> (T, S, M, K.) and y I i'b'l

j-o^l, (K,) I followed him with my eye; made

my eye to follow him. (8, M, K.) [See also

art. jyi.]

•' '

JjU, without . on account of frequent usage,

(IAar,T, Msb in art. } y, and K,) A time; one

time; [in the sense of the French fois;] syn.

•j-»: (Msb,K:) or a time, whether long or short;

syn. i>«»: (IAar:) sometimes, however, it is

pronounced SJ3 : (Msb :) pi. Jj (T, Msb, K)

• - ' * %■

and jCL3 : (Msb :) these are pis. of SjU ; but the

pi. of ijl3 without . is OlJD (Msb) and ^ (S in
art. j£, and K in art. jj3,) and jU3. (S in art.
j<3.) [See also art. jyi.]

* ' ' .

jU» in the saying

is [said by ISd to be] for jli» [pass, part n. of
j\}\ ; so that the meaning is, And I became as
though I were a wild ass looked at sharply or
intently, or followed by the eye, in order to be
captured or shot]. (M, TA. [But see art. j^3.])

•

3. Ju.l>i3, (K, TA, [in the TT, as from the
M, written >13, and so by Golius,]) inf. n. ii;ui,
(TA,) lie was twinborn with his brother. (M,
K,TA.)_>.0, (8,) or Q>.0, (M,K,TA,
[in the TT, again, written >U,]) inf. n. as above,
(S, TA,) f -Be wove a piece of cloth of threads
two and two together (8, M,K) in its warp and
its woof. (K.) [See>tU, and see also^.] —
J->UI >Tl3, (K, [written by Golius Jj,]) inf. n.

0— jXi

as above, (TA,) f The horse fetched run after
run. (£.)

4. C«13I She (a mother, K, or a woman, S,
M, Msb, and any pregnant animal, M) twinned,
or brought forth two at one birth. (T, S, M,
Msb, K.) B 1^.131 t. y. UUil [like 1^51, q. v.
in art ^31]. (S,K.) [Golius and Freytag have
rendered it as though it meant t^ll i«Ml.]

^r-3, whence **i3 y* : 1 < #

• *- , , / - - , /see >;y .

^t—>, whence

i^tp A pearl; (M, K ;) so called in relation

• "i

to>»l£3, (TA,) which is a town twenty leagues

from the metropolis of 'Oman, (K, TA,) in the
tract next the sea, (TA,) a city of 'Oman whence
pearls are purchased, (M,) erroneously called by
J *»'*>> t Dut ' n one copy of the S I find it written

J

>»ly,] and said by him to be the metropolis of
'Oman; (K;) as also ti^S, (TA, [and thus
it is written in copies of the S, but in one copy I
find it written <L«ly ( ]) thought by En-Nejecremec
to be thus called in relation to the oyster-shell,
because this is always what is termed j»-y, q. v.
(TA.)

jtiyi A twin ; one of two young, (S, M, Mgh,
Msb,K,) and of more, (M, K,) brought forth at
one birth, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) of any animals;
whether a male or a female, or a male [brought
forth] with a female; (M,YL;) and liiy is
[also] applied to a female : (S, M, Mgh, Msb,
1£ :) it occurs in poetry contracted into >^3 :
(M:) the pi. is ^i£ and Jlp, (S, M, M ? b, K,)
the latter of which is of a rare form, not without
parallels, (M,) said by some to be a quasi-pl. n.,
and by some to be originally [j»\Lj,] with kesr,
but the assertion of these last is condemned by
AHei; (MF;) and ^j^aly is allowable as applied
to human beings : (8, TA :) you say, 1*^3 yL
[in the TA, erroneously, <t«p, with damm,] and
♦ a*£J and ♦ a'«.\'~\ fin th« C.K 11±A] (AZ, M,

and 'a^J [in the CK
K.) [meaning He is his twin-brother] : and C*
O&P (§,* M, Mgh, Msb,* K) and >]5 (M, K.)
[T/iey. two are twin-brothers] : or j>i^ applies
only to one of the two ; (Msb ;) it is a mistake
to say jtiyi U* and «-jj C* : (Mgh :) [but see
~jj :] Lth says that>»^y applies to two sons, or
young ones, [born] together; and that one should
not say o^y U*, but jti£ L»* : this, however,
is a mistake: correctly, as ISk and Fr say,^«yl
applies to one, and oUiy to two. (T,TA.) It

is of the measure J*y>, (Kh, S, IB, Msb,) in the
opinion of some, (IB,) and originally j,''*), (Kh,
T, 8, IB,) like as £# is originally Lj„ ; (Kh,
T,S ;) from JlSjll, (T, IB,) " the being mutually
near," (T,) "mutually agreeing," (T, IB,) " being
mutually conformable ;" (IB ;) so that it means
one that agrees with, or matches, another, (IB.)
_It is metaphorically used in relation to all
things resembling one another [so that it means
X One of a pair]. (M.) A poet says,

[Book I.

t ■ t * t 4)+* , * •

• >^UI lyV^Jjl ^JJI J^ •

f[She said to us, while her tears fell in pairs,
or in close succession, like large pearls when the
string lets them drop off', Upon those who have
departed be peace]. (S.) [This citation, and what
immediately follows it in the 8, mentioning the

pi. OV'V > not Oy*lP> navc ' H, ° n misunderstood
by Golius ; and Freytag has followed him in this

case.]__ > «;yj| is also [a name of] \A certain
Mansion [of the Moon; namely, the Sixth; more
commonly called SjUyJt ;] pertaining to >lj^JI
[here meaning Gemini]; (M,K;) one of two
[asterisms] called oU;^3 : (M:) &W'£i\ is \The

Sign of Gemini. (Kzw.) [The pi.] ^31^3 also

signifies + Clusters, or what are clustered together,
(iUij U,) of stars, and of pearls. (M, K.)^
And ,jU c y , f A pair of pearls, or large pearls,
for the ear : each of them is termed a l*iy to

the other. (TA.) And o<-£^', t'n the CK

(jU;yj|,] f A certain small herb, ( AHn, M, K,)
having a fruit like cuviin-sccd, (AHn, M, and K
in art. ^Ij,) and many leaves, growing in the
plains, sjireading long and wide, and having a
yellow flower. (AHn, TA.) >£jl also signi-
fies \Tlie arrow of the kind used in the game
called j~~»)\ : (M :) or a certain arrow of those
used in that game: (K :) or the second of those
arrows ; (S, M, K ;) said by Lh to have two
notches, and to entitle to two portions [of the
slaughtered camel] if successful, and to subject
to the payment for two portions if unsuccessful.
(M.)^And oUjy, \A kind of women's vehicles
[borne by camels], (T,K.) li/tc the j*t&», (T,TA,)
erroneously said in the copies of the K to bo like
the >_.-»-U.c, (TAO having no coverings, or cano-
pies : the sing, is «U»y. (T, K.)

5-c t^j : sec A~olp.

jr~* Twinning, or bringing forth two at one
birth ; (S, M, Msb, K ;) applied to a mother,
(K,) or a woman, (S, M, Msb,) and to any preg-
nant animal; (M;) witliout 5. (Msb.)

jtfc* Accustomed to twin, or bring forth two at
one birth ; (S, M, K ;) applied to a mother, (K,)
or a woman, (S,M,) and to any pregnant animal:
(M:) pl.^U. (Harp. 013.) __ Hence, (Har
ubi supra,) £L vy, (S, Har,) or tJ;lL', (TA,
PS,) [both app. correct,] fA piece of cloth woven
of threads two and two together in its warp and
itswoof. (S,Har,TA.) — Hence, also, ^lii o£l
t Verses consisting of words in pairs whereof each
member resembles the other in writing. (Har ubi
supra.) [See also j>',^».]

* ■»» ' *~i
jt'X* : see >>U«.

^U» ^ji f A horse fetching, or that fetches,
run after run. (S, M.)

t The using two words resembling
each other in writing but not in expression ; as

Book I.]

in the saying, ^li-U JJU> dUi jLo» jUai Jj* Jy.

\Xrf lj$ ilLii iLUi ^A-Li [Thy might, or
elevated rank, hath deceived thee, and the end of
that ha* become thine ignominy : fear then thine
exorbitant deed, and may-be thou wilt be made to
follow a right course by this]. (Har p. 269.)

1. [%rJ, aor. j , inf. n. ^J, and perhaps »v««3
and VU and "^^i, He, or it, suffered loss, or
diminution; or became lost: and perished, or
dt«d .* as also t >_~j , inf. n. *ft~3 : and app. ^J

also.] ^J (M,A,K) and t^jS (M,K) [as
inf. ns.] signify The suffering loss, or diminution ;
or being lost : and perishing, or dytn# .* or [used
as substs.] loss, or diminution; or the «tote o/
being lost: and perdition, or death: (M,*A,
K:«) and so »vV, (T, 8, A, Mfb, K,) [said to
be] a subst. from a~3, with teshdeed, (Msb,) and
^sr-J and *y^J : (K :) or the last three signify
[simply] perdition, or deaf A ; (M :) and *^^J
is explained as signifying loss, or diminution, that
brings, or /eadj, to perdition or death; (IAth,

TA ;) and so * v0 ; (Bd in cxi. 1 ;) and the
causing to perish. (T, TA.) Hence you say,

" IA<3 yJ [meaning, in an emphatic manner, May
he suffer loss, or be lost, or perish]. (S.) And

*J U3 May God decree f o Aim loss, or perdition ;
or cause few, or perdition, to cleave to Aim ; (8,
M ,* Mfb,* K :*) C5 being in the accus. case as
an inf. n. governed by a verb understood. (S.)
And * U^-3 L3, [in the CK W~i3,] meaning the
same in an intensive, or emphatic, manner : (M,
?:) andtjjyi^'. (TA.) And »'taj cJ, (T, S,
M, ^,) and » ju Ow, aor. ; , (Msb,) inf. n. ^

and T « r Aj-') uu ^ IDrd says that the former of these
seems to be the inf. n., and the latter the simple
subst., (M,) May his arms, or hands, and Aw
arm, or hand, suffer loss, or be lost, or perish :
(T, M, Msb, ^, and Bd in cxi. 1 :) or Xmay lie him-
self suffer loss, ice, (Msb,* and Bd ubi supra,)
i. e., J his whole person : (Jel in cxi. 1 :) or { his
good in the present life and that in the life to
come. (Bd ubi supra.)—. [Hence,] «^J (A, TA)
and t « t «U-j (T, K) t He became an old man : (T,
A, K :) the loss of youth being likened to v 1 ^-
(TA.) = »^J, [aor., accord, to rule, 'J He cut,
or cut off, a thing. (K.) And *,*} It was cut,
or cut off. (TA.)

2. ^--j, inf. n. t ^jf fiS : see 1, in three places.
bb <w5, (inf. n. as above, S,) [He caused him to
suffer loss, or to become lost: or] he destroyed
him, or killed him. (S, K.) — He said to him
Cj : (M, K :•) [i. e.] A« imprecated loss, or per-
dition, or death, upon him. (A.)

.>-i< ji ^

4. <uy ail ^Jl | (?o«( weakened, or impaired,
or way God weaken, or impair, his strength. (K,
TA.)

10. ^J MSwl J// (a road) became beaten, or
trodden, and rendered even, or easy to walk or

>0 — ^3

W«V upon, or eo«y and direct. (A.)_ J 7* (an
affair) wot, or became, rightly disposed or arranged;
in a right state : (8, M,A, Msb:) or it followed
a regular, or riaAt, course ; was in a right state ;
and clear, or plain: from v .~„ « applied to a
road, explained below: (T, TA:) or t* became
complete, and in a right state : lit. it demanded
loss, or diminution, or destruction ; because these
sometimes follow completeness : (Har p. 35 :) or
the ^ may be a substitute for > ; the meaning
being J^=-t. (TA.)

It. Q. 1. ^i3 : see 1.

iJ A difficult, or distressing, state or condi-
tion. (K.)

JO.

see 1, in several places.

v~f5

• '■

• »

• a» ■ '*•*

w>^-3 i. o. AiClv* [A p/ace o/ perdition, or

destruction; or a desert; or a desert such as is
termed Sj\ji*]. (K.) = [It is also said in the K
to signify WAat the ribs infold : but I think it
probable that this meaning has been assigned to
it from its having been found erroneously written
for OjJ, a dial. var. of C>yfO.]

V>3 !An o/d man; (AZ, T, M, A,£;) fern,
with 5: (AZ,T, M, A:) and tneaA.' pi. v$' :
of the dial, of Hudheyl ; and extr. [with respect
to analogy]. (M.) You say, WO Oj-ai bli cJ&>
[i" was a young man, and I have become an old
man]. (A.) And ijl3 >1 CJI <Cl£l [Art tAow a
young woman or an old woman ?] (A.) — _ Also,
(T, K,) or j£i\ ^)\3, (T,) tAn ass, and a camel,
having galls, or sores, on his back : (T, K :) pi.
as above. (K.) _ [See also Oty.]

^■■ I >...o, applied to a road, J Furrowed by pas-
sengers, so that it is manifest to him who travels
along it t and to this is likened an affair that is
clear, or plain, and in a right state. (T.) [See
the verb, 10.]

O^-J i. q. O^jU ; (K ;) a dial. var. of the latter.
(TA.) See both in art. ^>y.

1. ^5, aor. '- , (Lth, T, M, Mf b, £,) inf. n. jU ;

(Lth, T, M ;) and ^15, aor. * ; (Msb ;) He, or t<,
(a thing, Lth, T, M,) perished. (Lth, T, M, Mf b,
K.) =5 See also 2.

2. ij£, inf. n. 3«a ; (Zj, T, S, M, Msb,« $ ;)
and • »^J, aor. ; , inf. n. Jj ; (]£ ;) if« 6roA« t*< :
(K :) or he broke it in pieces ; (S, M ;) and did
away with it : (M :) or he crumbled it, or broke
it into small pieces, with his fingers: (Zj,T:) and
he destroyed it : (Zj, T, S, Mfb, £ :) He (God)
destroyed him. (A.)

t»

j«3 [a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is with

S : Native gold, in the form of dust or of nug-
gets : this is the sense in which the word is gene-

2!>3

rally used in the present day :} broken gold: (M :)
it is not so called unless in the dust of its mine,
or broken : (IJ, M :) or gold, and silver, before
it is wrought : (Lth, T, IF, Mfb :) or broken, or
crumbled, particles of gold, and of silver, before
they are wrought : when they are wrought, they
are called 4«*S and 3uai : (I Aar, T, $ :) or un-
coined gold (S, Mgh, Mfb) and silver : (Mgh :)
when coined, it is called ^>«*: (S, Mfb:) [pro-
perly,] the term ^J should not bje employed save
as applied to gold ; but some apply it to silver
also: (S :) the ^3 of silver, as well as of gold, is
mentioned in a trad. : (TA :) or gold (M, £)
universally: (M:) and silver: (K :) or what is
extracted from the mine, (M, £,) of gold and
silver and all >kl>o- [here meaning native ores] of
the earth, (M,) before it is wrought (M, J£) and
used: (M:) or any >ky». [or native ore] before
it is used, of copper (Zj, T, Mgh, Mfb) and 6ra«
(Zj, T, Mgh) or iron (Mfb) #c. ; (Zj, Mgh,
Mfb :) and any jAyr [or native ore] that is used,
of copper and brass : (K :) tho word is sometimes
applied to other minerals than gold and silver, as
copper and iron and lead, but generally to gold ;
and some say that its primary application is to
gold, and that the other applications are later, or
tropical: (TA :) also broken pieces of glass. (Zj,
T,M,$.)

•» • •• •

lijj a dial. var. of *ij**, (AO, S,) i. e. [Scurf

on the head;] what is formed at the roots of the
hair, like bran. (AO, S, $•)

• ■■

jU3 Destruction, or perdition: (Zj, T, S, M,

&c. :) inf. n. of jj3. (Lth, T, M.)

j^U Broken up [and] destroyed: so in [the
saying in the Kur vii. 135,] <u» JJt> U ^U f^»
[As to these people, that wherein they are shall

be broken up and destroyed]. (S.)_j-i« ^Ij
Counsel destroyed, or brought to nought. (TA,
from a trad.)

• it-

jy£+ [Destroyed;] in a state of destruc-
tion: (IAar, T, 1£:) and defective, or deficient.
(IAar.T.)

* * *
1. ajuj, (S, Mgh, Mfb, £> &c.,) aor. - , inf. n.

£5 (S, Mfb, $) and ilQ, (8, £,) 2T« /ottmxfd /
or wen*, or walked, behind, or after ; (S, Mgh,
Mfb, ^ ;) Aim, (Mgh, Mfb, K,) or it ; namely,
a people, or company of men : (S :) or [in the
CK "and"] he went with him, or it, when the
latter had passed by him : (S, Mgh, Mfb, K :) and
▼asJI signifies the same ; (Lth, S, K ;*) and so
does *axJ1 : (Lth, Mgh, K :) or T ^ > :«yl signifies
I overtook them, tkey having gone before me;
(Fr,* A'Obeyd, S, Mfb,« K ;) as also^i^ : (Fr,
^ :) Akh says that <C*J and *<CjujI signify the

same : and hence the saying in the Kur [xxxvii. 10],

* «i* * t" # » ***s~

•^Jy w>Vf T <M«3vt [and a shooting star piercing

the darkness by its light overtaketh him]: (80
and the saying in the same [vii. 174], V a*JW

* r *a

^Uak^l and <A« dim/ overtook him : (TA :) and

204

the saying in tho name [xx. 81], ^J^t-ji t^jlJU
»*y*r*t an <i Pharaoh overtook them with hit
troops: or almost did so: (Ibn-'Arafch, ]£:) or
this signifies made his troops to follow them;
(TA ;) the ^», accord, to some, being redundant :

(Bd :) or "ajujI signifies he followed his footsteps ;
and sought him, following him: (TA:) but t***^'
signifies he went [after them, or followed them,]
when they had passed hy him; as also je***?,

. . • #* A i»e*et Z>.e>i*(.te *

inf. n. «-j : you say, '^yJJuil ^^i*. ",^*JI cJj U,

i. c. [/ ceased not to follow them] until I overtook

them : (A'Obeyd :) Fr says that t ij| is better

tlian *i*31 ; for the latter signifies he went behind,

or after, him, when the latter person was going

along; but when you say, » ajujI, it is as though

[you meant that] you followed his footsteps:

(TA:) and t(&i A$J ti$ [ a8 in the L and

TA, but perhaps a mistake for **«3I,] signifies

also he followed him, desiring to do evil to him;

like as Pharaoh followed Moses : (L, TA :) some

■ I j a * % % i»

say, • tt *£JI Cn t vJ , inf. n. p>J, meaning J n»«n<

n/?«r tA« /Ai'n// : and I^^Zjl «-3, inf. n. »J and
cl«J, \[h« followed the thing] in respect of actions:
(L, TA :) you say, ^li^l L? +Ae followed the
Imam [hy doing as he did]: (Mho:) [but in this
last sense, more commonly,] one says, *<uu3l,
meaning f*« did like as he [another] did: (TA:)
and i>l>Bl T £-3I t« followed the Kurdn at his
guide; did according to what is in it: (TA:)
and you say also, >o*$l ^e. *a»vU ; (Msb ;) or
\j£> ,J*, inf.n. aiid. and lu ; (S;) t [he
followed him, or imitated him, in the affair;]
(Msb;) he followed him, or imitated him, in
doing such a thing : (PS :) [but this last phrase

has another meaning: sec 3.] In the saying,
#' * * *e> *

-j**" *J\ t** l?* *• ^' n wn ' ch ^ vcr ^ mav i*

pass, of *y or of ~*yt,] or, accord, to one rela-

tion, "*-ij V» eac '» >n the pass, form, [JF$ni shall
not be made to follow to the grave, though it may
be rendered one shall not follow with fire to the
grave, it is said that] the ^ is to render the verb
transitive. (Mgh.) — (j*"»v wkyJI C^; and
*~»yU, inf. n. AnyU* [and probably eU also] ;
and *v 'Aityl ; / prosecuted, or *««/, <Ae ma»
/or my right, or rfue. (TA.) The saying in the
£ur [ii. 173], ^Jj^ij^ tfWSu means [TAe/i]
prosecution for tho bloodwit [shall bo made with
lenity], (TA.)_ **3, of which the aor., *£j,
occurs in a trad., [see 4,] (Mgh, TA,) pronounced
by the relatcrs of trads. with teshdeed, [♦*«£,]
(TA,) also signifies file accepted a reference
from his debtor to another for the payment of
what was owed to him. (Mgh, TA.»)

2. o^*i AT £$, inf. n. pjj, May Ood make
a thing to be followed by another thing to such a
one, is said in relation to good and to evil; like

™ £r" ( TA ,n art - £*-•}»■= See also 5.

3. 6^3 [and isjCU, the inf. ns. of i^li,] i. q.

!*9» [The making a consecution, or succession, of

e.et . ».
one to the other, £hj-»\ k >«^ betiveen two things,

or affairs: and the making consecutive, successive,
or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or grada-
tions, or *Ae Me : see 6]. (S, K.) It is said
, * e > * * * * e* *■ *

in a trad., 5j**)\) > m M <J^> tyt^ti [Make ye a

consecution between the •**->■ and the Sj+& ; mean-
ing make ye the performance of the --». «/»</ </ia<
o/tAe !^»» <p 6« conwmitre] ; (TA;) i. e. when
ye perform the •>_»-, <A«» perform ye the Zj+t- ;
anrf roAen ye perform the »j+z, then perform ye
the ■»-». : or when ye perform either of these, then
perform ye after it the other, without any length
of time [intervening]: but the former [meaning]
is the more obvious. (Marginal note in a copy of
the Jami'-es-Saghccr of Es-Suyootee.) And you
say, OljeaJt ^jJlc j^**13 ^et £-!^ fMake thou us
to be followers, or imitators, of them in excellencies.
(TA.) And ijiU'jl «jO [He sang songs consecu-
tively, successively, or uninterruptedly], (fj> and
K in art. j*-.) And aJbUL.1 «jO [He made it to
fall, fall down, drop, drop down, or tumble down,
in consecutive portions or quantities]. (M and K
in art. ixi~> : in the CK dJaU-l.) And ^^fJI »lJ
^jjLJI t [The horse prosecuted, or continued, the
course, or running, uninterruptedly], (K voce
^-i* ; &c.) And *J*> juL)t *jl£» yk J ZTe carries

on the narrative, or discourse, by consecutive pro-
gressions, or uninterruptedly : or, as Z says, ;;ur-
sues it, or carries it on, well. (TA.) [Sec also a
similar phrase in what here follows.]^J^i)l «^U
He pared, or trimmed, the bow well, giving to
each part thereof what was its due. (K, TA.)
Skr says that the phrase \jjj >^y, used by Aboo-
Kcbecr El-Hudhalee in describing a bow, means
The paring, or trimming, of which has been exe-
cuted with uniformity, part after part. (TA.)
__ Hence, (TA,) the saying of Abu-1-Wiikid EI-
Leythee, (S, TA,) in a trad., (S,) JCp^I ui^U

lejjj) (S,TA) t IFe have practised worlis with
diligence, and acquired a sound knowledge of
them, [and we have not found anything more
efficaciotcs in the pursuit of the blessings of the
world to come than abstinence in respect of the
enjoyments of the present world.] (S,*TA.) You
say also, oS+l *^13, meaning \He made his work
sound, or free from defect : (Kr, S :) and in like
manner, <u^£» his language, or speech. (Kr.)
__ [Hence also,] J^NI ^jcjjl £>13 \ The pasture
fattened the camels well and thoroughly. (K,
TA.) — j-o^'l l> _ji* *«/3 t He aided, assisted, or
helped, him to do the thing, or affair. (TA.) _
See also 1, where another meaning of the same
phrase is mentioned, in the latter half of the para-
graph. _ i^jitw <*^*->^ : see 1, near the end of the
paragraph.

4. AihJI : sec 1, from the beginning nearly to
the end. = Also He made him to follow ; or to
overtake : (S, I£ :) he made him to be a follower:
(Mgh, Msb:) or he urged him, or induced him,

[Book I.

to be a follower. (Mgh.) You say, [making the
verb doubly trans.,] i^jtfi > oy«»».'il [/ made them to
follow, or overtake, another, not myself]. (K.) And
<uuj • L _ 5 ^Jt i C xji i l [/ made him to follow, or over-
take, the thing, and he followed it, or overtook

* » * * •* > 0.0i
it]. (S.) And \j-a£- IjLjj CVjujI / made Zeyd to

be a follower of 'Atnr : (Mgh, Msb:) or I urged,
or induced, Zeyd to be a follower of 'Amr.
(Mgh.) And oli U ^e- l ; ...o..:« a_ju a&JI ^[He
made kis mind, or desire, to follow after it, re-
gretting what had passed away], (TA in art.
ja»«.) [Sec also 10.] It is said in a prov., (TA,)

• 00 »l

V«l»J try*" fs 31 [Make thou its bit and bridle
to follow the horse] : or ly«Uj *»UI [her nose-rein,

0> " 00 A

the she-camel] : or U;Uy ^jJi [<V* rope, the
bucket] : used in bidding to complete a favour, or
benefaction : (K, TA:) A'Obeyd says, I think the
meaning of the first prov. to be, Thou hast libe-
rally given the horse, and the bit and bridle arc a
smaller matter ; therefore satisfy thou completely
the want, seeing that the horse is not without
need of the bit and bridle. (T A.) __ Hence the

• .•«{ * 00 »l •

trad., *-iJLi j^^U ^ji* »JI ,>• J Whoso is
referred, for the payment of what is owed to him,
to a solvent man, let him accept the reference:
(Mgh,TA:*) [see also 1, Inst meaning:] the verb
being made trans, by means of .J* because it
conveys the meaning of aJU-I. (Mgh.) You say

t 9 f el

[also], jj>U* (J^li *-jI I Such a one was referred,
for the payment of what was owed to him, to
such a one. (S, TA.) And xSe- .uujl J He re-
ferred him, for the payment of what was owed
to him, to him. (TA.)__ [See also cU5t, below.]

9 <0 9000

5. <uu-j, inf. n. *JL3, (Lth, S, Msb,* ]£,) for
which t&Uit is used by El-K.utamce, tropically,
(S,) or, accord, to Sb, because the same in mean-
ing; (TA;) and **«J, inf. n. gjj ; (S,K;»)
He pursued it; investigated it; examined it;
hunted after it ; prosecuted a search after it ;
made successive, or repeated, endeavours to attain
it, to reach it, or to obtain it ; or sought it, sought
for it, or sought after it, successively, time after
time, or repeatedly, or in a leisurely manner, by
degrees, gradually, step by step, bit by bit, or one
thing after another, (Lth, S* Msb, K,* TA,)
following after it. (S.) Hence the saying of
Zeyd Ibn-Thubit, respecting the collecting of the
Kur-an, w— «J1j Jliil i _ya 4ju£il cJUjJ [And
1 set myself to seeking to collect it successively,
Slc, from the thin white stones and the leafless
palm-branches upon which it was written]. (TA.)

9% 0l » »t ml

And ^jl ,^11 (^ojl ^ tfjeimi >>-JI «-i3 [He
investigated the countries, going forth from land
to land]. (S and K in art. ijji.) And ru£j ^*^i
O^* /Si [Such a one pursues, &c, the track of
such a one]. (TA.) And ^jyj ^jtlo m fy [He
seeks successively, &c, to discover the vices, faults,
or evil qualities or actions, of such a one]. (TA.)

j. I 0** * l A * * * St***

And Jiii ja-J} jytyi Jlju »^ [He pursues
small, or little, affairs; and the like thereof: or
lie seeks successively, &c, to obtain a knowledge
of the subtilties, niceties, abstrusities, or obscuri-

Boor I.]

ties, of things, or affairs; and the like thereof].
(TA.) And J~aJI %*'"» [He took successive holds
of the rope] : said of a man descending from a
part of a mountain such as is termed J~>, by
means of a rope tied to that part, to a place in
which honey was deposited. (TA in art. J^w.)

6. */X5 It was, or became, consecutive, suc-
cessive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or
gradations, or the like; syn. ^ly. (£•) You
say, *S>yi-> *jUj [Its falling, falling down, drop-
ping, dropping down, or tumbling down, was, or
became, consecutive, &c. ; i.e. it fell, fell down, ice.,
in consecutive portions or quantities]. (M and K in
art. JrJu>.) And j»yi\ J^UJ The people, or com-
pany of men, followed one another. (Msb.) And
/Li'^l C*af&3, and jUki^l, and JyO)l, 27«c r/u'n</«,
and f/te rains, and //t« events, came one after

another, each following near upon another. (Lth.)

j §0 j # * 00000
And it is said in a trad., y-. ,J~>p ^J^- 0»«rfUJ

• * * *

V*^- [3 r «a»"* o/ dearth, drought, or sterility,

came consecutively upon Kureysh]. (TA.)_

ir^AH j^Uj J 77*e Aor*e ran evenly, not raising

one of his limbs [above its fellow]. (TA.) __

^Nl C-vli3 I 77ic camels became fat and goodly.

(TA.)'

8 : sec 1, throughout: and sec also 5.

10. <*{Srf1 J/e desired, or demanded, of him
that he should follow him : (TA :) or Ac ttuH^e
/(('?» to follow him. (L.) [See also 4.]

ru3'\A follower of women : (Lh,* Az :) or a

passionate lover, and follower, of a woman, (K,)
whithersoever she goes : (TA :) and with », of a
man. (Lb :) and ▼ «-j a sedulous seeker of women.
(]£.) [Sec gl3>] You say also, iU> ^3 yk,

<s • *

meaning 7/e u a follower of women : and 2JLs *«3
one in whom is no good, and with whom is no
good : or, accord, to Th, you only say SJui <w.

(TA.) Ijuk iii IJuk TViti t> w/tat follows this.

(M in art. ^JJ.) _ See also %~j , in two places.

*-J : sec «y0, in six places.

.• # '» • > -

>^|XU «-j J--j ^4 man wAo makes his speech
consecutive, one part to another. (Yoo, £.•)

( _ J *-j 5ji^ A com desiring [and therefore fol-
lowing] the bull. (Ibn-'Abbdd, $.)

Axy and ♦ itU signify the same j (T, S, O, L,
]£ ;) [The consequence of an action: and] a cZatwi
which one seeks to obtain for an injury, or inju-
rious treatment, and the like : (T, O, L, K ; and
so the Msb in explanation of the former word :)
the former is also explained as signifying a right,
or due, annexed to property, claimed from the
possessor of the property : (L:) pi. [of the former]
oliJ and [of the latter] OULJ. (TA.) A poet
says,

[Hanecfeh ate their lord, in the time of expe-
riencing dearth, or drought, or sterility, and

fr 3
hunger : they did not fear, from their lord, the
evil of the results, and the consequence of their
action] : for they had taken to themselves a god
consisting of ^j-**-, [i. e. dates mixed with clarified
butter and the preparation of milk called J-£l,
kneaded together,] and worshipped it for some
time ; then famine befell them, and they ate it.

%0 0\ I -» ' #.

(S.) And one says, 5j«-j IJdk ^J ali\ l >o aJU. U,
and *itUi, There is not, against him, on the
part of Ood, in this, any claim on account of
wrong doing. (TA.)

%~j [One who is prosecuted, or sued, for a

right, or due ; of the measure J«xi in the sense

of the measure Jyuu>, from ^jia-J ****> ; J one
who owes property to another, (S, K, TA,) and
whom the latter prosecutes, or sues, for it. (TA.)
= The young one of a cow in the first year;
(S, Msb, K ;) so says Aboo-Fak'as El- Asadee :
(TA:) or that is a year old; (Az,Mgh,TA;) not
so called until he has completed the year ; erro-
neously said by Lth to signify a calf ripening to
his perfect state : (Az, TA :) thus called because
he yet follows his mother; (Mgh,Msb;) the word
in this sense being of the measure J-*i in the
sense of the measure J*li : (Msb :) and * «^3
signifies the same: (TA :) fcm. of the former
with 3 : (S, Msb, KL :) pi. c£ and «5p ; (AA,

S, O, $ ;) both pis. of £«3 ; (AA, S, O ;) or the

former is pi. qf i«-J ; (Msb;) and the pi. of

v # • ft '

*~j is ixol [a pi. of pauc] ; (L, Msb;) and
jiyUt and juA31, the latter of which is extr., are
pis. of ixJI : (L :) the pi. of * iu3 in the above-
mentioned sense is cUjI. (TA.) Accord, to Esh-
Shaabee, (IF,) One whose horns and ears are
equal [in length] : (IF, K :) but this is a judicial
explanation ; not deduced from the rules of lexi-
cology. • (IF.) — I. q. t «^U [as signifying One
who prosecutes, or sues, for a right, or due ; and
particularly for blood-revenge]. (S, sj..) Hence
the saying in the ^ur [xvii. 71], ^fl I^J^ *$ jt*
U*>3 <v UJLc Then ye shall not find for you any
to prosecute for bhodrrevenge, nor any to sue,
against us therein : (Fr. S, K :) or ye shall not
find for you any to sue us for the disallowing of
what hath befallen you, nor for our averting it
from you: (Zj :) [or any aider against us; for]

»t-j also signifies an aider; and especially against

m

an enemy. (Lth, K.) _- See also uU, latter half.

9*0 §00

4*Uj : see <UJ, in three places.

««3 An appellation of each of the Kings of
El-Yemen (S, K) who possessed Himyer and
Jfadramowt, (K, TA,) and, as some add, Scbd ;
(TA;) but not otherwise; (K,TA;) and the like
of this is said in the 'Eyn : (TA :) so called
because they followed one another; whenever one
died, another took his place, following him in his
course of acting: (TA:) pi. ia^Ui, (S,J£,) with
i added as having the meaning of a rel. n. ; [as
though it were pi. of .«**), like as iL.U>. is pi.

0*0

of t jM * 1 >] erroneously written in some of the

293

copies of the K Zju\Z3 : (TA :) the i«^U of
Himyer were like the »j*\£j>\ of the Persians and
the ij0oK3 of the Romans. (Lth.) In the Kur
xliv. 36, it is said in a trad, to mean a particular
king, who was a believer, and whose people were
unbelievers. (Zj.) — And hence, (TA,) A species
of the ^-^wUu [or kings of the bees], (?L>) the
greatest and most beautiful thereof, whom the
other bees follow : (^TA :) pi. £~>t3 ; (K. ;) in

the L, *yUJ [which is probably a mistranscription

S 00 •'

for *A«3]. (TA.)_J species of j^ [which
means any flying things, as well as birds ; and
may therefore, perhaps, be meant to indicate what
next precedes]. (S.)_The shade, or shadow;
(S, K ;) because it follows the sun ; as also t -j.
(K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Soada El-Juha-
neeyeh, (TA,) or Selma El-Juhaneeyeh, (mar*
ginal note in a copy of the S,) bewailing her
brother, As'ad,

+0 00 §

9

Jfii i .1' »*0 0-

* a^ZJI JU-I lit SUrJUt > }i *

(S) [He comes to the waters when people are
dwelling, or staying, there, (but see ijt-is***,) and
when no one is there, as the bird called ka(dh
comes to water] when the shade has become con-
tracted at mid-day: or, accord, to Aboo-Lcyla.,
the meaning is, the shade of night ; i. c. , this man
comes to the waters in the last part of the night,
before any one: though it means also the shade of
day-time: (TA:) or, accord, to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-
Dareer, the meaning here is [the star, or asterism,

00 A

called] ijhyjJt; and this is very probably correct;
for the bird above mentioned comes to the waters by
night, and seldom by day ; and hence the saying,

3Uai Zy J J. (Az, TA.) See Lu See also

'»• ',. a, i t ••.'-., , ,

%0j. _ yk %^i i£l i£j>t U I know not who of

' ■ *ai

men he is. (Ibn-'Abbdd, K.) _ *-J is also a pi.

ofgU [q.v.]. (TA.)

• it * St

see %0j.

£>:

j^JI pyJ A certain wind, (K, TA,) also

called il«^l, (TA,) which blows ($,TA) in the
early morning, (TA,) with the rising of the sun,
(KL, TA,) from the direction of the wind called
U-aJI, unaccompanied by rising clouds, (TA,) and
veers round through the various places whence
winds blow until it returns to the place from
which blows the wind called L-aJ I, (K, TA,) whence
it commenced in the early morning : (TA :) die
Arabs dislike it. (Z, TA.)

«_>U Following ; a follower: (TA:) and ♦ <ui

also signifies the same as a^U ; (K ;) a thing
that follows in the track of a thing; (Lth, Az;)
or that is at the hinder, or latter, part of any-
thing ; (TA ;) but is used alike as sing, and pi. :
(S, Msb, K :) the pi. of ^13 is £*3 and cljj (TA)

$

[and, applied to rational beings, jyi<l3] : and the
pi. of ▼ slJ is cU>l ; (S, K ;) or this may be used
as a pi. of «-j ; (Msb ;) or it is pi. of «jU, like

206

aB>oA. ig pi. of^iU., (Kr,Mgh,) and ^it of
»rJU», &c. ; (K ;) or, correctly speaking, it is a
quasi-pl. n. (8b, TA.) You say, t »j ^JUJI

**U^ [The person praying is a follower of his

v y . , *{ •»» * a

J mam] : and a) *J ^,-UI [7%e /jco/j/c are followers
of him]. (Msb.) And it is said in the Kur
[xiv. 24, and xl. 50], tl«£ J6' U£» Ul [F«%
M n>»r* followers of you] : (8, TA :) in which
the last word may be a quasi-pl. n. of *^5 ; or it

may be an inf. n., meaning «J \J}b. (TA.)
" *J it applied as an epithet to the legs of a
beast: (Lth, T:) and is also used as [an epithet
in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,]

signifying The legs of a beast. (K.) A jinnee,

or genie, that accompanies a woman and follows
her whithersoever she goes, (K, TA,) loving her :
(TA :) and AayU a jinneeyeh, or female genie,
that does the same to a man : (8,* K, TA :) or
the I ia added in the latter to give intensiveness
to the signification, or to denote evilness of nature,
or to convey the meaning of ie»b, q. v. : the pi.
is p\fj : and this means female associates. (TA.)

— A servant ; as also 'a^J. (TA.) l1**^jT «t

7* J r t^ 9 ' ■**» ' n *■* ^ ur ["'*• 31], accprd. to
Th, means Or the servants of the husband, such
as the old man who is perishing by reason of age,
and the aged woman. (TA.) — See also «~J.
—.[Also One next in the order of time after the

i*l«~o ; like * t5 *i , ^ i And in grammar, An

. . ' \ ' •

appontive.] —^^Jl **0 [The follower of the

aster ism; i.e., of the Pleiades;] a name of

OlwJJ' [the Hyades; or the five chief stars
thereof; or the brightest star among them, a of
Taurus] : this name being given to it as ominous
of good ; (£ ;) or as ominous of evil : (O :) or
so called because it follows the Pleiades : (T :)
also called gWI, (T in art. j**, Sh, IB, and
others,) and *£j<y"', (K,) which is the dim., (TA,)

or £*&^> ( T in art - Ji>>) and * «£', (K,) or

• si v -
£t«M [q. v.], (Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Darecr, T,) and

♦ £Ll, (IB, Z.) and .JUJI, and ^WJt, (IB,)
or >>*~JI \J>^, (S in art. ^J^,) or ^jjU.
, y% j M . (Kzw and others.) [See also LJia> J I.]

a • .

^•yU : aee gU.

• t#j • '

£~;y : aee &/U, last sentence.

• '*

cL3l in language is when one says the like

of 'o^t ^LL (6,K) and ^ii ^J : (S :) The
putting, after a word, an imitative sequent, i. e.
another word similar to t/te former in measure or
in its \Jl}j, by way of pleonasm, or for fulness of
expression, and for corroboration; (Mz 28th
ey, and Kull p. 11 ;) the latter word being one
not used alone, and having no meaning by itself,
as in jj— i O— *■ 5 or being one which has a
meaning of its own, as in \lij+ llu». (Kull ubi
supra,) __ [Also The latter of such two words ;
i. e. an imitative sequent. —. And used in the

former sense, as an inf. n., it denotes various other
kinds of assimilation, i. e., of one word to another
preceding or following it, and of one vowel to
another preceding or following it in the same
word.]

* "

%^U She who has with her children, or young

ones : (Lh :) or a ewe, or she-goat, and a cow,
and a girl, having her offspring following her :

(K :) or a cow having a ««3, q. v. : and IB men-

♦ - •' it"

tions also &*,.:« as signifying the same : and a

female servant followed by her offspring whither
she comes and goes. (TA.)

f-y~-» [pass. part. n. of 1. _ In grammar, The
antecedent of a *^3, i. e., of an appositive.]

* ' "

*/£• ^Anything made, or executed, soundly,

thoroughly, well, or so as to be free from defect.
(K,»TA.)

jiyUio Consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted,
in its progressions, or gradations, or the like.
(TA.) You say »/UU $)y" Pearls following one
another, or doing so in uninterrupted order. (TA.)
And fy/ kjU U Oijr* >W« The fasting of two
consecutive months. (TA.) — %j£* u-°* t An
even, or a uniform, branch, in which are no
knots. (K,» TA.) And jLijI i/Uii Jj* J A
horse symmetrical in make, (A, K.,) justly pro-
portioned in his limbs or parts. (A,TA.) And
VJt)l %j\ZJ> J*-j I A man whose knowledge is

uniform, consistent, without incongruity. (K,*
TA.)

1. iJLJ, (Lth, T, M,) aor. - , (M,) inf. n. JIj,
(Lth, T, M,) He pursued him with enmity, or
hostility: (Lth,T:) or he bore enmity, or was
hostile, to him. (M.) — .Jijjl^ij, (8,M,K,)
inf. n. J*j, (M,) \ Time, or fortune, smote them
with its vicissitudes, (M, K,) and (K) destroyed

them; (8,$;) as also t^5i. (S,TA.) aJ^J

i^JI, (8, M,) or j£\, (T,) aor. - , (M,) inf. n.
JJ; (T,K;) and l'*XJ\, (?, M,) inf.n. JUI;
(K, TA ;) Love made him sick, or ill; (T, S, M,
K. ; [in the CK, jyS)lfe ^Uw^lj is erroneously
put for JU3^l£> J,U-Nlj ;]) and catuetf Aim to
be in a bad, or unsound, state : (S :) or, as some
signifies, (M,) or signifies also, (K,) it

[Book I.

Moheet, (TA,) and ♦ ^L3, (T, M, K,) said by
Lth to be allowable, (T,) and * ^JL3, (K,) He
seasoned [the contents of] the cooking-pot with

J^U; (Msb;) he put ^15 into the cooking-pot;
(K ;) t. q. \^.ji and UUi : (A'Obcyd, T :) from
JJU. (S,M.»)_[ Hence,] L^J* JJjS t He
seasoned [meaning he embellished] his speech, or

language; syn. L.j5 (TA) and ijji. (A in
art. jjf.)

<•-

J-3 [originally inf. n. of 1, q. v._] Enmity,

or hostility, (Lth, T, M, K, TA,) in tlie heart,
(TA.) ;vit/t w7(ic/t one is pursued : (Lth, T :) pi.
J^J (Lth,T, M, $) and *J^U3, which latter is
cxtr. (K.) You say, JJ » j>-c ^ [ife A<m enmity,
or hostility, towards me, with which he pursues
me]. (T.) _/.,/. S> (S) and >-i (S,M,K)
[by the former of which may be intended the
meaning explained above, or, as appears to be
meant by the latter, blood-revenge ; or retaliation
of murder or homicide; or prosecution for blood;
or a desire of, or seeking for, retaliation of a

crime or of enmity] : pi. J^j. (S.) Jlill as
meaning J».JJI is likened by Ycwcd Ibn-El-
Hakam Eth-Thakafcc to a debt which one should

be paid. (Ham p. 690.) And one says, jIE/ * r ~~o\
[He was made a victim of blood-revenge, or re-
taliation of murder or homicide: or, pcrhajw, of
enmity, or hostility], (8.) And J^J^^y^ [Be-
tween them are blood-reecnges, Sec.]. (TA.)_«

Love-sickness. (Kull p. 1G7. [Seo^»-.]) Seel.

& J*>, (M,) or tj^li, (TA,) J Time, or for-
tune, that smites people with its vicissitudes, (M,
TA,) and destroys them. (TA.) And • jJU Ja^
J^>-, occurring in a poem of El-Aasha, iTime,
or fortune, that destroys, or carries off, family
and children. (S.)

• - « *#*

J«j : sec J>^.

tooA away his reason, (M, K,) and bewildered

him. (TA.) _ You say also, of a woman,
J^vr" ^'^> (M> K,) inf. n. as above, as though
meaning, (M,) She smote the man's heart with

* J>*3 [app- meaning fo»e-«'cA«CM]. (M, K.) =
See also Q. Q. 1.

2 and 3 : see Q. Q. 1.

4. <U-jI, inf. n. JUjI , He made him a victim
of blood-revenge, or retaliation of murder or
homicide. (8: the meaning is indicated there,
but not expressed.) See also 1, in two places.

Q. Q. 1. jJjUl J£, (A'Obcyd, T, S, M, Msb,

K,) and 1^13, with hemz, (IJ, M,) or * QJG,
[without .,] (K,) mentioned by Ibn-Abbdd in the

J^U : -sec J-j.

• &'

Jl(5 A possessor [or seller] of J-Ay pi. of

J& (K.)

Jil3, (A'Obcyd, T, S, M, Msb,K,) also pro-
nounced Jid, with », (IJ,M,) and *JvC, (S,

Msb,K.) and *jjji, (IAar,T,K,) Seed's (Jl^'l
Mjb and K) that arc used in cooking, for season-
ing food; (T, S.'M.Msb, K ;) i.q. Ui ; (T, M ;)
*mcA as cumin-seeds and coriander-seeds: (TA
voce 9-ji :) said to be arabicized: Ibn-El-Jawa-
leelpec says that the vulgar distinguish between
J^U and jljv'» [in the manner explained voce
jji,] but the [classical] Arabs do not : (Msb :)
P l.'j^5. (T,S,M s b,K.)

• > ■ « *« ,

J^U : see J-j : = and see J^tf.

J^y: sec J^tf.

Jl^y [from the Persian Jl/y or J^3 ?] Jf7«af
_/a/i» in consecutive portions, or particles, on the
occasion of the hammei-ing of copper and of iron :
a JU-« thereof, with hydromel, drunk, powerfully
alleviates the [ejection of] phlegm. (K.)

POOK L]

■ H • -

J-i. : see J-J.

Jj>~U A man rendered lovesick ; (T ;) as also
* Jt* 3 : (M :) and the former, a lover who is not
granted that which he wants. (TA.)

1. 'Jj, aor. - , (S, M,K,) inf. n. ^3, (S,) He

/cd a beast with ^ [q. v.]. (S, M, K.) Also

He sold [\>3, i.e.] straw. (KL.) = ^J, (T,
§, M, K,) aor. - , (S, K,) inf. n. ^J, (T, S,) or
J>J, (M, K,) and liU (T, S,« M, K) and LiU,
(M,) He was, or became, intelligent, sagacious,
ski{ful, or knowing; syn. i >ki, (K,) or Uki jto;
(§ ;) and nice,, or minute, in inspection (S, K)
t'n/o affairs : (S :) or iitj signifies the being very
intelligent or sagacious or skilful or knowing, and
nice, or minute, in inspection ; as also iiLb ;
accord, to AO and AA: (T:) these two words
signify the same (T, S, M*) accord, to [most of]
the leading authorities : (T :) and Yaakoob asserts
that the O is a substitute for J> : (M :) [or the
reverse seems to be the case in the opinion of Az,
who here remarks that there are many instances
of the change of O into 1» :] or the former is in
evil; and the latter, in good: (M :) or, accord, to
Lib, j>J> means in evil ; and J>«3, in good; so
that he makes iiU» to be in deceiving, or be-
guiling, and suddenly, or unexpectedly, attacking
or destroying : but En-Nadr says the contr. ; and
accord, to him, ,j*l» signifies the having know-
ledge of affairs, and intelligence, or sagacity, and
science : (T :) and ^^i, inf. n. £>~Z3 signifies
the same as ^>-5 : (K :) or he inspected nicely, or
minutely : as in a trad, in which it is said, respect-
ing a Woman whose husband has died leaving her
pregnant, jj;-* ji. JUJI *** 0-» W* «>^
j^~3 U, meaning [She shall be expended upon
from the whole of the property] until ye make a
nice, or minute, insjtection [into the circumstances
of the case], and say otherwise, (T, S,) i. e., that
she shall be expended upon from her own share :
(T:) and so in another trad., in which it is said,

(A 'Obeyd, T, M,) i. e. [Verily a man will say a
laying] in which he will be nice, or minute [in
expression, whereby he will fall into the fire of
Hell] : (TA:) here A 'Obeyd thinks the meaning
to be the making language obscure, or abstruse,
and disputing in a matter of religion. (T.) You
say also, Jj J«3 (T, M,TA) He understood it;
or Anew it ; or had knowledge, or was cognizant,
of it; (TAj) i.q.^S,. (M.)

*• £>*>> '"f- "• 0***-* '• we 1. = <j-u3, inf. n. as
before, He clad him with a &£>. (TA.)

8. % ^yJ\ He clad himself with a ^jCi. (K.)

i>J : see what next follows.

i>» (?, M, M?b,K, &c.) and ♦\>J(M,K) Straw;

i.e. the stalks, or stems, (U^-a*, M, K,) or the

stalk, or stem, (JL., Msb,) of seed-produce, (M,

Mfb,K,) such as wheat and the like, ,(M,K,)

Bk. I.

[generally] after it has been trodden or thrashed
[and cut] ; (Msb;) wheat when it has been trodden
or thrashed [and cut] by the feet of beasts or by re-
peatedly drawing over it the [machine called] ^jj*
[q. v.] : (Mgh in art. ^j :) [a coll. gen. n. :]
n. un. with 3 [signifying a straw, or piece of

straw]. (S, M.) You say ilj £y jit [Leu
than a straw, or piece of straw]. (TA.) a Also,
the former, A great bowl: (S :) or a bowl that
satisfies the thirst of twenty : (K:) or the greatest
of bowls, that almost satisfies the thirst of twenty:
(Ks,S, M :) next is the Cy~o, which is nearly equal
thereto: then, the Jlx, that satisfies the thirst of three
and of four : then, the ■*- ji, that satisfies the thirst
of two men: then, the <^J&, that satisfies the thirst
of one man: then, the j^i: (Ks,S:) or a bowl
of rude, or rough, make ; not made neatly, or
skilfully. (M.) — [Hence, probably,] \A liberal,
or bountiful, and noble, chief. (£.)_And A
rcolf. (K.)

J>j3 Intelligent, sagacious, skilful, or knowing ;
and nice, or minute, in inspection (S, M, K) into
affairs; (S;) as also t >> : (M :) [or very in-
telligent, &c. : and accord, to some, in evil : or
in good: see k >y.]__And One who plays with
his hand with everything. (K.)

00 A setter of \>3: (S,M,K:) thus, perfectly
decl., if of the measure Jtii, from oil) I : but if

of the measure £f$j&, from ^-iJI [the act of
cutting (for &3 is generally cut by the thrashing-
machine)], it is [oV»,] imperfectly decl. (S.)

1 Mt

OW3 Small JjjIj- [or breeches], (S, Mgh, K,)
without legs, [i. e. having only two holes through
which to put the legs,] (TA in art>u,) [made of
linen, and of leather,] of the measure of a span,
(S, Mgh,) such as to conceal the anterior and
posterior pudenda (S, Mgh, K, TA) only; (TA ;)
worn by sailors (S, Mgh) [and by wrestlers] : or
a thing like JjjIj- : (M, Msb :) or a thing like
small Jj^I^ : (T :) [it is an arabicized word,
from the Persian ^jCa :] the Arabs make it
masrf. (T, M, Msb) and fem.: (Msb:) pi. ^U.
(T, Msb.)

2JU (TA) and ♦ iZL (Mgh, Msb, TA) and
* O^ (Mgh, Msb) The place, (TA,) or house,
or the like, (Mgh, Msb,) of [or for] Jj. (Mgh,
Msb.TA.)

297

j£jJI [and jlillt and jUUJt] A certain people, or
nation, (£,) [called by us the Tartars,] in the
furthest countries of the Blast, in the mountains
of *>U«J», on the confines of China, (TA,) border-
ing upon the Turks, (K,) more than six months'
journey from Md-rvardd-n-nahr : so in the
Murooj edh-Dhahab. (TA.)

l£jU and \jjZ3 : see art yj.

t 1- >*i, (S,A,Msb,?:0 aor. '- , (§,M?b,) inf. n.
J^i (S,Msb,?) and tj\±3, (§,A,IC,) or the
latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) or quasi-inf. n.,
(Mgh,) and j^; (A;) and *^Jl, (?, A,Mfb,
^,) of the measure JjUjI ; (§ ;) He practised
traffic, merchandise, or commerce; trafficked;
traded ; dealt ; sold and bought ; (K ;) employed
property for the purpose of gain. (A.) You
say, Aa^>\j «jU>J j»J} [He practised a profitable,
or lucrative, traffic], (A.) And J 1j*-^i rfjj
j*«~Jtj ^Jl [5ucA a one traffics on land and sea].
(A.) There can hardly, if at all, be found any
other instance of O immediately followed by -.,

except ~j and -J, : the O in al^J is originally
J. (Msb.)

3. i^U, (A,) inf. n. Sjl£, (A, KL,) He
practised with him [and (as is implied in the A)
he vied with him in practising] traffic, or setting
and buying. (KL.)

8. j^-j\ : see 1, in two places, i

* * ' \

J* 2 ' • .

: See also 8 ir

s

sec

'■■'- |

see iiUJ.

cO**** applied to a horse such as is termed
03hf> Of the colour of ^3 [or straw]. (TA.)

4-J

»^U a dial. var. of O^U, of the dial, of the
Ansar. (S and K in art. *?£, q. v.)

3*

* ' i
«^>yU : see art. v^ Accord, to some, it belongs

to the present art., and was originally 2^0.

SjUJ a subst. from 1; (Msb;) or quasi-inf. n.;
(Mgh ;) [The practice of traffic, merchandise, or
commerce; traffic; trade; selling and buying;]
the trade of the j»-ti, i. e., of him who sells and
buys for gain ; (Ksh in ii. 15 ;) the seeking of
gain by selling and buying. (Bd ibid.) [See also
1.] — Also Merchandise, meaning what is sold
and bought, of goods, or commodities, or household-
furniture, and the like; a quasi-inf. n. used in
the sense of a pass. part. n. (Mgh.) [Hence the
saying,] sj^l »jVw J& X [Keep ye to the
merchandise of the life to come]. (A.)

j».U A merchant; one who practises traffic,
merchandise, or commerce; a trafficker; a trader,
or tradesman ; a dealer ; one who sells and buys;
(K ;) one who setts and buys for gain : (Ksh in
ii. 15 :) and a vintner, or setter of wine, (S, £,)
was also called thus by the Arabs : (S :) accord,
to I Ath, this latter is said to be the primary sig-
nification : and hence the saying in a trad., r,\
« a •

j*.\»j»Xl}\ [ Verily the vintner is a transgressor] :

(TA:)' pi, JW-5 and JWJ and tjl^i, (S, Msb,
K,) [or rather this last is a quasi-pl. n.,] like as
^Jo is of Cf U, (S,Msb,) and^J, (K,) or
this may be a pi. of Juj. (ISd,TA.) ♦J^Jjl,,

38'

208

occurring in a verse of El-Akhtal, [for j».\li\,] is
thought by ISd to be like ^i [forykli,]. (TA.)
__ [Hence,] J A man ihilful in an affair. (K,
TA.) The Arabs say, j^\ JuXt j+& «J}
I Verily he it skilful in that affair.' (IAar, TA.)
__ And { A she-camel that is saleable, or easy of
sale, or in much demand, in traffic, and in the
market ; (A 'Obcyd, S, K ;) as also lj*X> : (£ :)
or the latter, a she-camel that is goodly, and sale-
able, or in much demand : (A :) or that is easy
of sale when offered, by reason of her excellence :
(T :) or simply, that is easy of sale, or in much
demand: (S:) as though, by reason of her beauty,
or goodlincss, and fatness, she sold herself: (Ksh
in ii. 15 :) contr. of Sju.l£» : (S,* TA :) the pi.

of ij»-\j is >»»ly. (T, A.) You say. also, «ili*

.a ■- '
^tyJI *JUW I [Keep thou to the commodities]

that are saleable, or in much demand. (A.) And
* * * • I * * * »
1/^.U >>y=>1 ^yU y» f -" c « upon a most noble

horse. (%..)

ijm. :..» ^0)1 [in the TA, ij*. ,7«, but this is
wrong,] A ^anci in which traffic, merchandise,
or commerce, is practised; (S, L, K;) and /o
waica people go for tlie purpose of practising the
same: ($:) pl.yj.Ui. (TA.)

Quasi a^J

* * * * » -

1. <wJ, aor. - , (AZ, K, art. <»»._»,) inf. n

(AZ, TA, in that art. ;) or, as As says,

% 00

damm ; (TA in that art. ;) t. </. <*»-y and
in that art.) and <t^Jt. (K in art
art. <*j»-^.

«L~3 (S, Msb, 1£, in art. a»-j) and »UJ

in that art.) and «U-j (K in that art.) t. 5
(S, Msb, K, in that art.,) which is seldom
the } being generally changed into o.
ibid.)

, with

a -

.) See

(?,K,

used ;
(Msb,

is the conir. of jy : (Msb, £ :) and
Jl [signifying The location that is beneath,
below, or under,] is opposed to jyJI, and is used
in relation to that which is separate from another
thing; JAw^I being used in relation to that which
is united widi [or a part of] another thing. (Kull.)
Sometimes, (K,) C a. 3 is an adv. n., (Msb,K,)
having a vague signification, its meaning not
being clear unless it is prefixed to another word,
as in the phrase IJuk CoJ \Jj. [This is beneath,
below, or under, this]. (Msb.) And sometimes,
it is a simple noun ; (K ;) in which case, [not
having the article Jl,] it is indecl., with dammeh
for its termination, (K, and I'Ak p. 204,) pro-
vided that the noun to which it should be pre-
fixed is suppressed, and the meaning of this is
intended to be understood, but not the word itself;
(I'Akubi supra;) as in C - t mi ^ [Beneath,
below, or under] ; (£ ;) and in the saying,

j* k>» t>y>*

• i -c

[ Lean beneath ; broad above] : otherwise, it is

3 9§ m f » i t '

dccl.; (I'Ak ibid.;) as in jV»^' V** 3 <J* \Sjt^

yO — J*J

[Rivers running beneath them'] ; (Kur ii. 23, &c. ;)
i.e., beneath their trees, (P»d,Jel,) and their

pavilions. (Jel.) [You say also, yet CoJ &"$*
£f$* t Such a one is under the command, mile, or
authority, of such a one. And Ai^Hi tf—3 ,j"^i
t Such a one has as his wife such a woman : see
an ex. in a verse cited voce Ijl. The dim. is

. •'* * I * t * .» - I * C - J 9

"c«c»»3: you sny, IJu» C~^3 tju», and Cga.3 v >o
Jjjk, 77ii'j » a W<fc beneath, below, or under,

3 Q S 3 » &

this.] _ C ^.J l is also the sing, of Oy* "-'I,
(IAth, TA,) which latter [in the Cr> erroneously

written C-^ h JI] signifies 77ie foro, iase, Di/e, or

ignoble, persons. (A, IAth, K.) It is said in a

«■ •#« j j - •*** a* 3* a jt.

trad., tiUfj* o*a^JI >v» . 5^- it 1 — 1! >»«&* ^J

3 3 3 ' **

Jyi^ll, i. e. [TAe Ziour of resurrection m'u «o/
come kn*i7] t/ie ion', or ignoble, persons [shall
prevail], and the noble persons [shall perish] :
(A, IAth, TA :) or, as some say, until the trea-
sures that are beneath the earth appear. (TA.)
And in another trad, it is said that among the

signs of the resurrection shall be this : j1*j ^j\
* ■ > » j 3 a
J>cyi Cyn "Jl That the weak of mankind shall

have ascendency over the strong. (TA.)

^ylilj [Of, or relating to, the location that
is beneath, below, or under; inferior; loner;]
rel. n. of Ci">, like as ^^y is of Jy : I and ,j
being very often added in the rel. n. (TA.)

m . 3 m -

[c t *iJ dim. of C— *3) q. v.]

4. <su 4*a^i! [7/c presented him with it; or

" '93

gave it to him as a <Ua.fi, q. v.] : (S, Msb :) and
Mm. j < U a. l> l [//c mat/c a present to him ; or ^«tr
him a ii»»J; and so Aia-JI alone, as in an ex.

* Mil - 1 J - - o i

cited voce *M\] : (K, TA :) i. q. U rn " ■■ } a»J»I

[which properly means He presented him with a
novel, or rare, and pleasing present; or a gift
not given to any one before ; or a gift of which
lie (the recipient) did not possess the like, and

which pleased him] : and " <tia»Jt signifies the

3* , tt '

same as iiAtiil. (TA.)

8. - * m Si : see above. [Perhaps originally

3 • r ' 9 *

<Ua*3y : see wha.t follows.]

djia-J and rtia. 1 (S, Msb, K, &c.) t. </. jj [as
meaning A gratuitous gift, or favour; or a bounty,
or oene/it] ; and UUU1 [meaning a present ; i. e.
a (Aw^ ««w< to another in token of courtesy or
honour] ; (K ;) in some copies of the K, uJ uUl ;

* 3 a , 9 * at '

(TA ;) [i. e.] iiaOt sigrfifics ^Ia-jJI -v C«i*»31 la
otkAJt) jJI jj-o ; (S ;) or [simply] <u C-»a»,"il U

J^-t : (Msb :) and a i»p» [which properly sig-
nifies a gift not given to any one before; or of
which the recipient did not possess the like, and
which pleases him;] (K, TA ;) of fruit, and of
sweet-smelling flowers: (TA:) [it generally means
simply a present ; or a rare, or pleasing, or rare

* ' *
and pleasing, present:] pi. yjm 3. (S,K.) Accord.

to some, it is originally <U»j : (K, TA:) Az says

that its O is originally $ : (Msb :) and i_a*>y is

quasi-pass, of <U-wl: (Lth, TA:) so that it should

[Book I.

he mentioned in ' art. «_i»-j : (K, TA :) being

like A*yj and 8-y-w &c. (TA.) It is said in a

3 * * * » 9 A a t ' t 3 ^

trad., j^a. (Jlj O***" » J, - aI, 5ia - 3 [•'"* pleasing
present for the faster is oil, and aloes-wood or
the like]; i.e., these dispel from him the grievous-

ncss and distress occasioned by the fasting.

3 * 9 3
(TA.) And in another, respecting dates, U— 3

^jsi-aJI i-„-5_5 ,^J3I [i. e. The date is tke pleasing

gift for the big, or full-grown, or old, and the

quieter of the little one, or child], (TA.) And in

another, Oy»JI O-^yJ' *ia»J [TVic boon for the

believer is death]. (TA.)

t>-a»j : sec arts. o^°" aiu ' s -^'

e

1. 2j, (JK, S, L,K,) aor. -, (JK,L,) inf. n.

»-y»j, («IK> L> al >d so in n copy of the S,) or

(Uk-y^J, (K, and so in a copy of the S,) or both,
(TA,) It (dough) became sour: (JK, S, L, $:)
»( became soft by reason of too much water : and
in like manner, clay, or mud, so that one could
not plaster with it. (L.) Also, said of dough, It
became leavened; or mature. (JK.)

4. Ai_j| Ha made it sour; namely, dough:
(JK, S, L, K :) he made it soft by putting info it
too much water; namely, dough: and in like
manner, clay, or mud, so that he could not plaster
with it. (L.)

Ij Sour dough : (JK, S, A, L, K :) such as is

soft by reason of too much water. (L.)^Also
Dregs of sesame-grain from which the oil has
been expressed; (JK, L, K;) also called * r , ... £ - >.
(TA.)

2 -

»-U Having no desire for food [app. by reason

of acidity in the stomach], (JK, K.)

■C d" A repository in which clothes arc kept ;
(K ;) [a chest for clothes; a wardrobe: pi.
--■jr- * :] a Persian word sometimes used by the
Arabs. (IDrd.)_ [The following significations
of the word seem to bo post-classical. __yl throne:
a seat : a seat of government : a moveable wooden
bench, or sofa : all which arc Persian. Hence,
,j1jy*J, from the Persian, A kind of covered
litter, like a palanquin, borne by two camels or
horses, one before and tke otker behind, or by two
or four mules. — So too <U a- J A board, or plank :
likewise of Persian origin. Hence the verb 1
He boarded, or planked.]

, aor. - , inf. n. J^aVj and

: see 8 in

art.

.1.

8.

t : sec 8 in art. J^.1.

1, an irregularly formed verb : see 8 in

art. Jwi.1.

Book I.]

i>»>-3

^ojjLj and iSaijm^ (Lth, K) dial. Tars, of

^Hj*~> and i~ojji~i, (Lth,) A ii& [or gore] of
a garment : arabicized words, from }jj~j, (Lth,
K, which is Persian. (Lth.)

>J and quasi >J
1. V 1 - 3 * [originally ^»*.j,] aor. £ , (Msb, and
K. in art..^*.j,) inf. n.^ii; (Msb;) and^isii,

aor. : ; (K. ubi supra ;) and f^e-JI ; (Msb, and S
and K &c. in art. ^k.} ;) He suffered from indi-
gestion, or heaviness of the stomach arising from
food which it mas too weak to digest; (Msb in
art. ,,0^-j ;) he suffered from a disease produced
by unsuitable [or unwholesome] food, (K and TA
in art. ^o*->) or by fulness of the stomach : (TA
in that art. :) followed by >»UJsJI ^>o and qs-
»UJW1. (S and TA in that art.)

fig* *»

3. ^o«-U, [inf. n. 1»A.U*,] /7 (a land or country)
bordered upon, or was conterminous with or to,
another land or country. (AHeyth, Mgh, I£.)

4. *,m "A, (S and K in art. ^0-5,) originally
<l»*.jI ; (S in that art.,) or formed from 1+6 1, in
consequence of imagining the O in this word to
be radical; (Ml';) said of food, It caused him to
suffer from a *~> [or indigestion]. (S and ^ in

8 : sec 1.

• • ■>

^,^3. The iimit, or boundary, (S, Msb,) of any

town (S) or land : (S, Msb :) pi. J>yHi : (S,
Msb:) a poet (Aboo-Kcys Ibn-El-Aslat, TA)

* * \ * * * i A A " *

(Fr, 9,) or, as some relate it, tj^Jjl : (TA :)
accord, to the former reading, Fr says, the mean-
ing is, [ my sons,] the limits, or boundaries,
[misplace ye not them], for he does not say

a ^ JLl xi : but ISk says, T heard AA say, it is

*'*' ii i«** J 11 •■'''' •* *

~j>faJi, and the pi. l^J ; like jy^> and j~o :

(S :) botli IAar and ISk say that the sing, and

• » » • St

pi. are like Jy~> } and J-j : (Msb :) but the latter
mentions also>^L}, with damm, as a pi. form,
having no sing.: (TA:) or 1j>y\3 signifies a
sign, or mark [of a boundary or of a way] : and
limits, or boundaries: and is sometimes with
damm [to the O] : (Mgh :) Lth says that j>y>-J
[written without any vowel-sign] signifies a divi-
sion, or place of division, between two districts
and two towns or villages; and the limit, or
boundary, of the land of any district and town or
village is its j>yi-3 : and AHeyth says that this
word signifies limits, or boundaries: (TA:) or
>»^j, with damm, signifies a «<7», or mark, and
a /imt't, or boundary, that is a division between
two lands; and is of the fem. gender: and the
pi. is >^J also, and^o^J: (K.:) this app. means
that these are pis. of j>^j ; but the former is
a word that is used as a sing, and as a pi. ; and
the latter hi pi. of jtjLi, like as JJe is of jy%,

and JiA o{jy\i: (TA:) or (as ISk says, TA)
the sing, is T*»»3 and ^>Ji (K) and * i^^mJi :
(AHn, S,* £ :) accord, to A'Obeyd, the Arabic
linguists say *>>^j, like jy-o, making it fem.
and sing. ; but the people of Syria say j>y-J,
with damm to the O, making it pi., and the sing.
• • » #* J ' ■ • * 1

is ^e=i>-j : accord, to IB, one says ~jt^~3 and j>y±3,

and j yj and jjjj, and «_jj J^c and wJ}-** > an ^
no fourth instance of the kind is known ; [but see
w>j-** i] an d the Basrecs pronounce it with damm
[to the O], and the Koofees with fet-h. (TA.)

It is said in a trad., \j*>f)\ j>y^ j£ £y» Oj*^ 1 ,
meaning, accord, to A'Obeyd, [ Cursed is he who
alters] the limits, or boundaries, of land; and the
signs, or marks, of the way : or, as some say, the
limits, or boundaries, of the sacred territory. (T A.)
And U^j iC* Jjuk.1, [or rather iCy) Jj«*-I
" Ujo>J,] means ?[&< Mou to rAy purpose] a limit,
to which go thou, and pass not beyond it. (TA.)

And jtyi, 1 1I yj i yk t /ie u ^/ooci t/t respect of
ancestry, or origin: (JK:) or t'n respect of
natural dispositions; or, as some relate the saying,

1 j>yL .:Jt. (TA.) >>^J also signifies +^1 «ta<e,
or condition, that one desires [app. as the limit of
his wish]. (IAar, Sh, K.)
■ • j t«'

J »o~i : see

3, (Msb in the present art., and S and K
in art. »*-j,) originally i»*-j, (Mfb, and S in
art. ^oi-j,) and ito»l 1, (Msb, and S and K in art.
^e*-3,) the latter vulgar, (S in art. ^oA-jj) but
occurring in poetry, (S and K in that art.,) Indi-
gestion, or heaviness of the stomach arising from
food which it is too weak to digest ; (Msb in art.
»*-.} a disease produced by unsuitable [or un-
wholesome] food, (K and TA in that art.,) or by
fulness of the stomach: (TA ibid.:) pi. Ol^Ls
(S and K ibid.) and ^a-J. (Msb, and S and K in
art.^3.)

■ t * •• »

>>yi>J : see ^«»~j, in seven places.

j>y*3 pi. of^a^S, which see throughout: and

also used as a sing.

• * j * • ■ '

iej«w: see^ga-j.

J»,»l 7« ^oUi, (JK, and S and K in art. >>->)
originally i^a.y>, (S in art. >>■_?,) /''ooti ^Aat
causes one to suffer from &,*.') [or indigestion].
(JK, and K in art. ^o*-j.)

^^.li* Conterminous to a land (t^j*^). (Mgh.)
You say also, ^^je&.Uo ^a 7/e u my neighbour,
his house, or tenf, adjoining mine. (TA in art.
)

Ljj, (T,M,A,K,) aor.; and^, (M,K,) the

latter irregular, (TA,) inf. n.^3 and jj^3, (M,K,)
It (a bone, M, K, or anything, M ,) became severed,
separated, or cut off, (T, M, K,) by a blow, or
stroke [of a sword &c.]. (M, A.) And «ju op,
inf. n. j}Ji, His arm, or Aancf, became cut off;
(M ;) and in like manner, any member : (TA :)

• A' A*

or fell off; as also Cjjio. .(S in art. j\>J) — Op
Slyll, (S,M,A,) aor. T , (S,M,) and-', (S,) inf' n.

^, (T, M,) Hie date-stone leaped, (T, M,) or

went forth, (S, A,) from the [mess called] t/ ~».

[in the process of kneading], (T,) or from the

stone with which it was to be broken. (S, A.)

^a*j} i>* ji He was, or became, apart, or

separated, from kit people. (As, T.) ^^p y

» jJb 2Te ti'oj, or became, or went, /ar /rom At*

a-
country, or tonm. (S, M, K.)^_p, (M,) aor. 9 ,

(TA,) inf. n. y, (K,) 7/a (an ostrich) ejected

what was in his belly. (M, K.) _ — L7 Jp,

aor. - and ; , He ejected his excrement. (AA,

T.)__See also 4, in two places, maijj, (T, M,

K,) sec. pers. Ojy, (S,) aor. -, (T, M,) and
[sec. pers. Ojj3, aor.] 7 , (M,) [and app. sec.
pers. Ojjj, aor. - ,] inf. n. [of Ojj3 or Ojy] yi

and [of Oy3] j^y (M,K) and [of Ojy] ijlp',
[which last is the most common,] (Lth, T, S, M,
K,) He was, or became, plump : (T in explana-
tion of the first verb :) or his body became plump,
and his bones full of moisture : (Lth, T, M, K :)
or he became fat, soft, thin-skinned, and plump.
(S.) _ And j3, aor. ; , He was, or became,
relaxed, or flaccid, from impatience or some

other cause. (T. [See j!3.])

4. > ; (T, S, M, A, $ ;) and t J5, (IDrd, M,

K,) inf. n. fi ; (IDrd, M ;) or the former only ;
(M ;) He cut off (T, S, M, K) a man's arm, or
hand, by a blow, or stroke, (T, S, M, A,) of a
sword ; (T, S, A ;) made it to fall off: (S :) and
in like manner, any member : (M :) as also jio\

and J>M, (T.) And the former, (S,A,TA,)

or t the latter, (M, as in the TT,) He (a boy)
made the piece of wood called 3M to fly away [by
striking it] with the Si*. (T, S,* M,* A,* TA.)
__x*y «pi His people separated him from them-

m j*

selves. (Ah, T.) iUuUI opl Fate drove him

far away from his country, or town. (S, M, £.)

**#■# §"•'

R. Q. 1. »pjJ, inf. n. ijjfi, He moved, put in

motion, put into a state of commotion, agitated,

or shook, him, or it : (S, M, K :) he shook him

vehemently : (M :) he seized his (a man's) arms,

or hands, and shook him : (Lth, T :) he shook

him (a drunken man) violently, and ordered him

to breath in his face, that ke might know what

he had drunk; (A A, T, K ;) as also *JUU, and

»"•* •--•' •"•* s»»t«

oy>y> : (TA :) or Ifiji and <UUi3 and »>•>• all sig-
nify the act of shaking, agitating, or putting in
motion, vehemently. (Mgh.)

R. Q. 2. ppj 2f< became moved, put in motion,
put. into a state of commotion, agitated, or shaken.
(?,K.)

jj; seejU :aaaand^3.

jj The string, or /tn«, tpAj'cA u extended upon,
or against, a building, (As, S, M,) and according
to which one builds, called in Arabic the >Ut ;
(As, M ;) the tiring, or line, by which a building
is proportioned : (As, T, M,K:) a Persian word,
(T, M,) arabicized ; (M ;) not Arabic : (IAar :)
it is called in Arabic the j^L*. (As,T.) A man,

when angry, says to another, yJ\ ^^JU- «iU»;i^
I [I will assuredly make thee to conform to the
rule of right behaviour]. (Lth, T, S, A.) a=x I. q.

88»

300
• •«

.**, »».

J-o\ : (I Anr, T, K :) go in the saying, SC^L^'j
>U»LJj JJy ^yj [/ will assuredly impel thee, or
drive thee, against thy will, to the utmost point
to which thou canst go, or be brought or reduced:
or constrain thee to do thine utmost]: (IAar, T,
and L in art. -J : see .UJ :) [accord, to ISd,]

4Jj3 ^1 jXijkA*) means .ib*»~« ^M [i. e. J
»i7/ assuredly make thee to have recourse to thine
utmost effort, or endeavour]. (M. [In the £,
the signification ofj^^i t ll is erroneously assigned
to VjJJt. See also the saying ji ,Jt itJ^ "j
Jjljj explained voce j\ji.])

l£j3 An arm, or a hand, cut off. (K.)

j3\j3 [a pi. of which the sing, is not mentioned]
Great, or formidable, or terrible, things or events
or affairs : (S :) distresses, afflictions, or calami-
ties; (M, A,£ ;) *mcA <m are tit tear, (A.)

jU A man apart, or separate, from his people.
(As, T.) = P/«w»t» (Lth,T,S, A) tn Jorfy, (Lth,
T,) and having the hones full of moisture ; (Lth,
T, A j) fat, soft, thin-shinned, and plump : (S,
TA :) applied to a youth : fern, with 5, applied
to a girl ; (A, TA ;) meaning [plump &c. : or]
beautiful and foolish and soft or weak. (T.) You

SBy, jU» j\3 y^b [A boy that is plump, and with
bones full of moisture, whose mustache is growing
forth], (A.) And 5jU iLai [A bone of the
kind called I . «J /u// o/" moisture]. (A.)_
Relaxed, or flaccid, by reason of impatience
(£>*• T) or hunger (pj»- J£) [or the contrary
(see ;^ Jjl, hclow,)] or some other cause : (T,
$ :) so savs Abu-l-'Abbds. (T.) A tall man ;

as also Iji, which is app. [a contraction of jji,]
of the measure Js6. (M.)

• • a-«

•^ji yl A man tn the most relaxed state by

reason of fullness of the belly : (TA :) or, accord,
to Abu-1- 'Abbas, by reason of fatigue. (T,TA.)

1. vA (9,M,5.) aor.'-, (£,) inf.n. £&,
(M,) It (a thing) became dusted, or dusty; dust
lighted upon it : (8, T A :) it (a place, M,) had
much dust, or earth; abounded with dust, or

«art/t. (M, K, TA.) He (a man, M) had dust,

or earth, in his hand. (M,]£.) Abo, (T, S,

M, &c.,) inf. n. as above, (M,) i/c c/at'e to <A«
dust, or earth: (M,K :) or he clave to the dust,
or earth, by reason of poverty ; (M;) he became
so poor that he clave to the dust, or earth :
(A'Obeyd, T :) or he became poor, (T, S, Mfb,)
as though he clave to the dust, or earth: (S,
Msb:) and he suffered loss, and became poor,
(M, K,) so that he clave to the dust, or earth ;
(M ;) inf. n. as above, (M, J£,) and ^'jL*, (M,)
or vj"^. (K,) or both of these: (TA:) Am wc«/<A
became little ; (A ;) as also * v^'» (M, A, £,)
and t v >: (£ :) or * V >" signifies, (T, S, M,)
or signifies also, (A,K,) and so w>"» (A,) and
T V^> Cs>) '"* wealth became much, or abundant,
(T, M,A,K,) «o iAar t7 wa* /tA« iAe dtwf, or
«arf A ; which is the more known meaning of the
verb; (M ;) or he became rich; (S, Mfb;) as

though he became possessed of wealth equal in
quantity to the dust, or earth : (S, A :) accord, to
Abu-l-'Abbds, V^v^ij signifies [the having]
much wealth; and also [the having] little wealth.
(T.) You say, * ^>Ji\ U jou w*p, meaning He

became poor after he had been rich. (A.)

jlJJ c^p, (T, S, A, Mfb, in the M and K <tJJ,)
a form of imprecation, (S, Msb,) meaning [May
thine arms, or thy hands, cleave to the dust, or
earth, by reason of poverty ; as is implied in the
T : or] may thy hands have in them dust, or
earth: (Ham p. 275.) or mayesl thou not obtain,
or attain, good : (S, ]£ :•) or mayest thou be un-
successful, or fail of attaining thy desire, and
suffer loss: (A:) occurring in a trad., and as
some relate, (A 'Obeyd, T,) not meant as an im-
precation ; (A 'Obeyd, T, Msb ;) being a phrase
current with the Arabs, who use it without
desiring its fulfilment; (A'Obeyd.T;) but meant
to incite, or instigate : (Mfb :) some say that it
means may thy hands become rich ; but this is a
mistake : (A 'Obeyd, T :) and it is said to mean

Jp ail [which see in art. j*] : and some say that
it is literally an imprecation : but the first asser-
tion is the most worthy of respect, (that it is not
meant as an imprecation,) and is corroborated by
tho saying, in a trad., Jljj c~tj3 U-lLo ^jtil
[Mayest thou have a pleasant morning: may thine
arms, or thy hands, &c.]. (TA.) 1L*. cy^i
[May his forehead (for so &***■ ncro means, as
it does in some other instances,) cleave to the
dust, or earth,] was said by Mohammad in re-
proving a man, and is said to mean a prayer that
the man might be frequent in prostrating himself
in prayer. (TA from a trad.) And he said to
one of his companions, i|^wj ^V>> [May the
uppermost part of thy breast cleave to the dust,
or ear<A], and the man was [afterwards] slain a
martyr : therefore this is to be understood in
its obvious sense. (TA.) = See also 4, in four
places.

" . • •» .

2. ^>j3, inf. n. * r ~ijZ3 : see 1, in three places :

ass and see also 4, in four places.

3. 1*1^0 She became her ^/jj ; (M, K ;) [i. e.]
*Ae (a girl) matched her, namely, another girl;
she was, or became, her match, fellow, or equal;
syn. tiiiU. (A,TA.) — [The inf. n.] 3$U also
signifies The associating, or consorting, of ^>]y\
[pi. of 4^, q. v.]. (£.)

4. w<pt : see 1, in three places. = aj^jI He
put dust, or earth, upon it, (S, M, A, ]£,) namely,
a thing ; (S, M ;) as also 1*tj3 : (A, K. :) or the
latter, inf. n. ^^jjXJ, signifies he defiled it, or
soiled it, (namely, a thing,) with dust, or earth :
(S :) or you say, t<£5, (TA,) or y !PW *£,

(Msb,) aor. , , (Msb, TA,) inf. n. v.p, (TA,)
[meaning he sprinkled it with dust,] namely, a
writing [for the purpose of drying up the ink],
(Msb,) or a paper; (TA;) and VaJJS, (T, Msb,
TA,) with teshdeed, (Msb,) [meaning he sprinkled
much dust upon it; or sprinkled it much with
dust;] namely, a writing; (T, Msb, TA;) the
latter having an intensive signification : (Mfb :)
or t the former of the last two verbs is used in

[Book I.

speaking of anything that is improved, or put into
a right or proper state [by means of dust or earth] ;
and t tho latter of them, in speaking of anything
that is injured or marred or spoiled [thereby] :
you say, v^' ^^-ij* [She sprinkled, or put,
dust, or earth, upon the hide], to prepare it
properly for use ; and so of a skin for water or
milk. (TA.) It is said in a trad., [accord, to one
reading,] w>U3l \yp\ [Sprinkle ye the writing
with dust], (S. [So in three copies of that work:
probably 1^31 ; but perhaps f l^pt : the reading
commonly known is * \yy.]) = w>yl also signi-
fies He. possessed a slave who had been possessed
three times. (T, K.)

5. ■—•/--' «*> (?,) or it, (S,) became defiled, or
soiled, (T, S,) in the dust, or earth, (T,) or with
dust, or earth : (S :) it had dust, or earth, sticking
to it. (M.)

• •» « ' >

*jijj : sec wjjp.

• " • " .

w>3 : sec wily, in three places.

• »

wty One born at the same time with thee ; (M,

K. ;) n coetanean ; a contemporary in birth ; an
equal in age: an equal; a match; a fellow; a

peer, or compeer : syn. I jJ : (T, S, M, A, £ :)

i *

and ^w : (M, A, K :) applied to a male and to a

female ; (TA ;) but mostly to a female ; (M ;)

or, accord, to an opinion confirmed by [most of]

the leading lexicologists, only to a female; and

i « •» • • *

^-> is applied, as also ^jji, to a male ; and SjJ,
to a male and a female : (TA :) pi. w>1yl. (S,
M, A.) [The following cxs. arc given.] You
say, [applying it to a female,] »Job w>p »Juk, (T,
S,) and (yljj J*, (M,) and ,-fjj /,» ; (K ;) and
[applying it to females and males,] ^\fi U*>

(T,A,) and v#' &*Jf*Jffl and Vp >»•
(A.) Accord, to Th, Clj5l (('J*, in the Kur [lvi.
30], means [Showing love to their husbands ;] like,
or equal, unto them, or resembling them : which
is a pood rendering, as there is no begetting or
bearing of children, [or rather as the latter word
docs not apply to females born or generated,] in
that case. (TA.)

w)/i, applied to a place, (M, TA,) and to soil,
(TA,) Abounding with dust ; dusty : (T, M,
TA :) and to food, (T,) or flesh-meat, (A,) de-
fied, or soiled, (T, A,) tn the dust, (T,) or with

dust. (A.) You say also t Jl^y ^jl meaning
Land in which are dust and moist earth. (M.)

And 1^5 L, j, (T, S, M,) and 1>J, (T,) A wind

that carries with it dust: (T:) or that brings
dust : (S :) or tftat drives along the dust : [or
having dust : for] thus used it is a possessive
epithet. (M.)__Also Cleaning to the dust by
reason of want; having nothing between him and
the earth : (I Aar, T :) [cleaving to the dust by
reason of poverty ; see 1 :] poor, as though
cleaving to the dust : (Mfb :) and [simply,]
poor: (IAar, T, TA :) or needy, or tn want.
(M.) [See also — >^».]

S**J • *'

Sl(jj : see w>!P> in seven places. — Also A
man's ,^-oj [i. e. his grave : so in the present

Book I.]

, • »j

day : pi. ^p : or the earth, or dust, thereof] :

(M :) or a cemetery, burial-place, or place of
graves or of a grave : [so, too, in the present
day:] pi. ^jj. (Msb.)

•'"

ltfi : 6ce the word next following.

ly? The end of a finger; i. e. the joint in
which is the nail; syn. AJL«JI : (S,I£:) pi. CiQp.

(§.)■■ Also, (S, M,£,) andti^j, and ♦ /CJi,
(M, £,) .4. certain plant, (S, M,K,) growing in
the plains, or tit *o/i /and, having serrated leaves:
or, as some say, a certain thorny tree, of which
the fruit is like a suspended unripe date, growing
in the plains, or in soft land, and in rugged
ground, and in Tihimeh: accord, to A I In, the
ljj3 is a green herb, or leguminous plant, that has
a purging effect upon camels : (M :) [accord, to
Meyd, as stated by Golius, what is called in Per-
sian »■& * > ■•c. the plant thlaspi; and to this it
is applied in the present day.]

'Aijj : sec w>!P> '" f' vc places :
■ and Syy.

:and sec

V> =

*Vp : see vlr 3 -
• *--
«^>p A submissive, or tractable, camel ; applied

to the male (T, R, M,K) and to the female : (T,
8, K. :) from vlP* (R, M,) because of the abase-
ment thereof; or, as Sb holds it to lie, for Ojj.j,
by the change of > into «1> : accord, to Lb, a
[camel such ns is termed] £ that is trained, or
rendered submissive or tractable ; and in like
maimer a she-eamel, one that will follow a person
if he takes hold of her lip or Iter eyelash : and
As, who derives it from ^>\ji, says that this
epithet is applied to land, or ground, and any
other thing, that is J^i [i. e. easy to walk or
ride upon, &c.]. (M.)

v!P and Cp (Lth, T, S, M, A, Msb, £) and
'Vy (f% [° ut tliis I do not find elsewhere])
and *<$ (S,A,»K) andt;i£ (Lth,T,S,A,«
$) and t { ty (S, M, K) and Ojp nn <l Cjl5
and T v!/s5 and "v^e 3 [and "w>>-3 as will be seen
below] and t^,p (S,M,K:) and't^Jp, (M, K)
accord, to M F **,-ip, which is perhaps a dial,
var., and accord, to some f^-jp, and ^vVA
(TA,) signify the same, (Lth; f, 8, M, A, £,)
and arc words of which the meaning is well
known : (A, K :) [i. e. Dust : and earth : gene-
rally the former; i. e.fne, dry, particles of earth;
as when we say, vlpJ' JjJ5 -Ljll The wind
drives along the dust : but we also use the expres-
sion jj vlP» "leaning moist earth, the explana-
tion, in Lexicons, of the word i_£p:] ijjj is v!P;
and when it ceases to be moist, it is still .^ip, but
is not then called ^Jjj : (Msb voce ^jy :) accord,
to Fr, ^t\ji is a gen. n., from which is formed
neither dual nor pi. : and its rel. n. is *.w!p :
(TA :) [but when it means a kind of dust or
earth, as " i^p also does sometimes, it has a pi. :
in this case,] accord, to Lh, (M,) its pi. is ljp*l
[a pi. of pauc] and &\£i [a pi. of mult.] ; (8, M,
£;) and some add oWp: (TA:) [and when *iJp
has this, or a similar, meaning, it has for its pi.

* '£ , , '& ' 'ft

V>» ; as in the phrase ^>jZi\ ^±,\ the best of the

hinds of earth, occurring in this art in the A :]
but no pi. of any of the other syn. words men-
tioned above has been heard: (M,HL:) AAF
says that ^ip is the pi. of ^p ; [app. meaning
that ^>\jj is a quasi-nl. n. (which is often called
in lexicons a pi.) of vp ;] hut MF observes that
this requires consideration : (TA :) Lth says that
*V>* and «->!P are syn. ; but when the fcm. forms
of these words are used, they say, 'ijpjt <UJ» ^.1
meaning Land that is good in respect of the
natural constitution of its dust or earth ; and
♦iyip when meaning A layer, or lamina, of dust
or earth, such as is not perceived by the sight, but
only by the imagination: (T:) or this last word
and ▼ ijjj signify a portion of dust or earth :
and yej^l "A/p signifies the exterior, or external
part, of the earth: (M :) and *&>JI, the earth

(S,K1) itself. (S.) The Arabs said, M vlpl
[Dust, or earth, be thy lot] ; using the nom. case,
although meaning an imprecation, because the
word is a simple subst., not an inf. n.: but Lh

mentions the phrase jn£M wiipJI [Dust, or earth,
be the lot of the remote from good] ; saying that
the accus. case is used, as though the phrase were
an imprecation [of the ordinary kind, in which an
inf. n. is used in the accus. case as the absolute
complement of its own verb understood], (M.)
And w>lpJI el is a phrase used as meaning t [He
has, or shall have, or may he have,] disappoint-
ment, (Msb in art ^*,) or, nothing. (A'Obeyd,
Mgh in art. ^ip.) ^Jl^ 2 • Vp is also a form
of imprecation, in which substs. in the proper
sense of the term are used in the manner of inf. ns.,
put in the accus. case by reason of a verb unex-
pressed ; as though it were for c -'J>J «|JJ c^p
[May his arms, or his hands, cleave to the dust,
or earth, and the stones, by reason of poverty] :
and some of the Arabs put the nouns in the nom.
case, still using the phrase in the same sense, as
though they were in the accus. (M.) One says
also, *vj^J' ^ and O*^ 1 and *^>jiLi\ and
* JlJiJI and t^tjyjl [In his mouth is dust, or
earth : or may dust, or earth, be in his mouth ;
i. e. may he die, or be in his grave]. (T.) It is
said in a trad, that God created the 1 3$ [mean-
ing the dust, or *o«7, or, accord, to the TA the
earth (uoyl),] on the seventh day of the week ;
and created upon it the mountains on the first
day ; and the trees, on the second day. (T.) And
one says, t.(^£jl/ JJ^ J£. Ju^^, (Lth, T, A,)
meaning [I ivill assuredly beat him so that he
shall bite] the dust, or earth. (Lth, T.) And
♦fl^pJIj jl^fjl ^ft U C£rf, meaning [Between
them two is the space that is between] the heaven
and the earth. (A.)

* "■* j mi*"".

and see also i»jp, in two

301
X>J, (S, M, TA,) or C^p, (TA,) sing, of
^tp, (S, M, TA,) which signifies The part of
t/ie breast which is the place of the collar, or neck'
lace : (T, M, K :) so by the common consent of
the lexicologists : (T :) or the bones of the breast:
(M, A, K :) or the bones of the breast that art
between the collar-bone and the pap : (8 :) or the
;iar< of the breast, or chest, that is next to the
two collar-bones : or the part that is between the
two breasts and the collar-bones : or four ribs of
the right side of the chest and four of the left
thereof: (M, K :) or the two arms and two legs
and two eyes: (T, M, K:) it is also said that the
(jtLip are the two ribs that are next to the two
collar-bones : I Ath says that the i-jp is the upper-
most part of the human breast, beneath the chin;
and its pi. is as above: accord, to IF, in the Mj,
the 1*r-ijJ is the breast, or chest : MF says that
s^jlp relates to males and females in common;
but most of the authors on strange words affirm
decidedly that it is peculiar to women : (TA :)
the i»»p of the camel is the part in which it it
stabbed, or stuck ; syn. j- ? t. (M.)

^iprcl. n. ofvjp, q- v. (Fr,TA.)

^up : see vlP-

« m

see vlP» fi ret sentence, and near the
end of the paragraph.

• '•- • 't

VLK 3 : 8CC «r>!P>

wpl : see what next follows.

t »>

*t>jt* Possessing much wealth; (T,]£;) rich;

without want ; or having wealth like the dust, or
earth : (Lh and M : [in the TA, ^pi is men-
tioned as having this meaning; perhaps by a
mistranscription : if not, it must be • ^>jj\ :])
and having little wealth : thus it bears two contr.
significations : (K :) but the former is the more
known. (TA.)

i-.i.

IfjU The suffering loss, and becoming poor, so

as to cleave to the dust, or earth ; an inf. n. of
w>P : (M :) or poverty, or neediness : (8, TA :)
[or (as a word of the same class as 3 ^*n \ and
iU»-») a cause of cleaving to the dust, or earth :
and hence,] l(jL» ji Poor, so as to be cleaving to
the dust, or earth: (T :) or [simply] cleaving to
the dust, or earth. (S.)

^iP: see^lp:
places.

v<p:

• •

see «_>'p-

Quasi ^jjj
w>ip : see *l»j^ and Ojj.

V 3

«jp and &i»jp : see what follows.

pp'> (?» Msb, 5j &c.,) the most chaste of the
forms here mentioned, (Az, Mf b, MF, TA,) a
pi., (AHdt, MF, TA,) [or rather a coll. gen. n.,j
and t^jpj, (AZ, S, Msb, £, &c.,) [which is
Persian,] a dial. var. of weak authority, (Msb r )

802

by. some disallowed, (MF, TA,) used by the
vulgar, (TA,) the ^ in which is by common
consent held to be augmentative, (MF,TA,) like-
wise a pi., (TA,) [or coll. gen. n.,] and ♦ wpt,
mentioned by Ibn-Hisham El-Lakhmce, in his
Faseeh, and also used by the vulgar, (TA,) and
by some of the people of Kims, (Lth cited in the
L voce «•., q. v.,) [and this is likewise a coll.
gen. n.,] and <U.yl, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) which is
the sing, of the first, (AHat, MF, TA,) or its
n. un., (L, Msb,) also pronounced *+-jj\, without
teshdeed, (TA,) and *al5J3, (AZ, S, L, &c.,)
likewise a n. un., (L,) A certain fruit, (Msb,)
well known, (L, Ms b, K,) plentiful in the land of
the Arabs, but not growing wild, (L, TA,) [of
the species citrus medica, or citron; of which
there are two varieties in Egypt ; one, of tlie
form of the lemon, but larger, there called «Jp

L$jX/ ; the other, ribbed, and called *--a* «Jp :
accord, to Golius, citrons of a large size, which
have a sweeter peel titan others, and are of a size
nearly equal to tkat of a melon :] the sour sort
allays the lust of women, clears the complexion,
and removes the [discoloration of the face termed]
<Jd£», (£, TA,) that arises from phlegm; (TA;)
the peel thereof, put among clothes, preserves them
from the moth-worm : (£, TA :) it is also bene-
ficial as an antidote against the various kinds of
poison; the smelling it in times of plague, or
pestilence, is beneficial in the highest degree ; and
jinn, or genii, do not enter the house in which
it is ; wherefore a reciter of the Kur-an is appro-

priately likened to it : (TA :) the pi. of i*.jj\ is

Ow.j3l as well as *~jj\ : [or rather the latter is

ft coll. gen. n., as stated above :] but one should

not say oUJy [app. because it is vulgar; for

• * tti
it is agreeable with analogy as pi. of **~ij3 ; as

is also oWJpl as pi. of t S^Jpl]. (AHat, MF,

TA.)

• n»l * '•#•!

*_»pt and i*fjjj\ ! see above.

Q. 1. <«^*-/J, (S in art. ^a-j, and Msb and K
in the present art,) and <ut j*-.y, (K,) inf. n.
iU--p, (KL,) He interpreted it, (S, Mfb, KL,
K,) or explained it in another language; (S,
Msb, KL;) namely, the speech, or language, (S,
Msb, K,) of another person : (Msb :) or, as some
say, translated it from one language into another:
(TA :) and he explained it ; namely, his own
speech. (Mfb.) [This verb is essentially the same
in Arabic, Chaldee, and Ethiopic] <*»*jJ, inf. n.
as above, also signifies lie wrote his life ; wrote
a biography, or biographical notice, of him. (TA,
passim ; and other works of post-classical times.)
__ Accord, to the K, the O in this verb is a
radical : but see oWi below. (TA.)

l+»-jj [inf. n. of the verb above : used as a
simple subst., An interpretation : a translation :
pL j*r\P- — Also] A life, or biography, or bio-
graphical notice, of any person : pi. as above.
(TA, passim ; and other works of post-classical

times.) _- And An article, a head, chapter, sec-
tion, or paragraph, of a book. (TA, passim ;
and other works of post-classical times.)

OU^P and iA**".P an " O^v 3 > (v In art -
j^cj, and Msb and K in the present art,) of
which three dial. vars. the first is the best, (Mfb,)
and is that which commonly obtains, (TA,) An
interpreter; (S, Msb,K;) an explainer of speech
in another language : (S, Mfb :) [a translator :
(see the verb, above :)] pi. jjt\p and **»■'>» >
which latter favours the opinion of those who
hold the word to be of foreign origin. (S, Mfb.)
The O and j> are [said to be] radicals ; but J
makes the O to be augmentative, and ,j\^»-y
is mentioned in the T [as well as in the S] in art.
X-j, though the author of the T has mentioned
the verb among quadriliteral-radical words; and
there is a reason [for deriving it from >**], for
one says j^fti O^-* meaning " a tongue that is
chaste, or perspicuous, and copious, in speech :"
most, however, hold the Ci to be a radical.
(Mfb.) It is said in the K that the verb shows
the O to be radical; whereas J and AHei and
IKt hold it to be augmentative ; but there is a
difference of opinion whether it be from^».yt
Ifa m )W [the throwing stones], or from j^r^\

ygwV [the conjecturing, or speaking conjec-
turally] ; and also whether it be Arabic, or arabi-
cized from CJ^-i* t a word which I do not know
in Persian nor in any other language]: (MF,
TA:) if arabicized, the present is its proper place.
(TA.)

j^ef* [Interpreted : or translated.— And also
The subject of a biography, or biographical notice.
__ And] f Confused, or dubious. (Har p. 537.)

1. -.jJ., aor. - , inf. n. «^3, He grieved ; he
mas, or became, sorrowful, unhappy, or anxious ;
(Mfb, K ;) syn. ^^. ; (Mfb ;) [contr. of «gj ;

(see m~j3, below ;)] as also t *-jZ3. (K.) —
[Also Me perished, or died : became cut off;
was put an end to; or came to an end: so accord,
to explanations of ~p given below on the au-
thority of IAth.]

2. LZ, (S,A,K,) inf.n. ^.p; (S,K;)

and ▼ *m-j>\ ; (A, Mfb ;) It (an affair, or an
event, &c, TA,) grieved him ; it made him sorrow-
ful, unhappy, or anxious. (§, A, Msb, K.) A
poet cited by IAa r says,

J * + J 00 Ms* * *. t * •*

[Long did that which made unhappy make her,
or them, unhappy] ; meaning that the pasturage
rendered troublesome her, or their, state. (Th,
AZ, TA.)

4 : see 2.

5 : see 1.

~p Poverty; need; indigence. (1£.)

«-P Orief, sorrow, unhappiness, or anxiety;
syn. C)jL, (Mfb,)^or >i, (K,) or >; (Har
p. 141 ;) contr. ofa-ji. (8, A.) [It is the inf. n.

[Book I.

ofl; but used as a subst., it has a pi., namely,
9-\p\, like »-lpl. Hence the saying,] *yt UjJt U

~-jj) m.ji [The present world, or life, is nothing
but a scene, or state, of joy and grief], (A.)_
A perishing, or dying : becoming cut off; being
put an end to; or coming to an end. (IAth,
TA.)_vi descending, going down, or going down

a declivity; syn. .bj-A. (Ibn-Munadhir, K.) One
says, »-'Ji ^J> ajgbl 'jU Uj U i. e. [We have not
ceased from the beginning of this night to be] in a
state of descending, &c. (Ibn-Munadhir.)

m] Grieving; sorrowing; unhappy. (Mfb.)

A man (A) mho possesses, or does, little, or

no, good, (A, K,) so that he who asks of him
grieves. (A.)

im-ji A grief; a sorrow; an unhappiness.
(L.) [Hence the saying,] Ujjyj "^1 <t*.p ^y» U

d»-jj [There is no joy but there is after it a
grief]. (A.)

• *t • »»j

9-j^o, or 9-jU, accord, to different copies of the

K, (TA,) One who ceases not to hear and see that
which does not please him. (K.)

[Xa-yu A cause of grief, sorrow, unhappiness,
or anxiety : pi. «-jU«. Hence the saying,] a±.jj

^■jU«JI [Misfortunes (lit. the causes of grief, Sec.,)
grieved him, or made him tofrowful, &.c.]. (A.)

~-jio Strait, difficult, or distressful, life. (A,
K.)_A scanty torrent, or flow of water, tn
which is a slopping, or «» interruption. (K.) =
A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed so as to be
saturated with the dye. (Az, K.)

•.t^U A she-camel whose milk soon comes to an
end, or stops : (S, L :) pi. »-Jjt«. (L.)

1. .^Ul ^p, aor. - , inf. n. ^p, lie fastened,
or closed, the door [with a bar or] in any manner.
(TA.)

2. cr »p, inf. n. ^-j^J, i/e mnrfe a person to
arm himself with a shield. (KL.) = See also 5.

6 - ^Jr^y ( s » A > K or <jr^i c*-r-5» (M,) 2T«
defended himself with a ^jj [or shield] ; (S, M,
A,*K;)_as also t^p, inf.n. v-ij^i (S,K;)
and *J-j3l, (Sb, M, A,TA,) inf.n. JgjjSl, of the

measure Jtjust : (TA :) and j^ crt>*^ ^ e math
a hUfl^ <o ic a* a ^y ; Ac defended, or protected,
himself with it. (Msb.) You say also, ^ 0>Z-3
OWP' JW^ (>• w*-t3» ^Uj«JI ,j^ \[I protected
myself by thee from calamities, and so shielded
myself from the arrows of fortune]. (A.) And
V->*J Ow^Jj l v »-'i) — - ^M oJa.1, meaning I My
camels became fat and goodly, and prevented their
owner from slaughtering them. (A, TA.) [See

8. see 5.

* "'
^j3 [A shield;] a certain piece of defensive

Book 1.]

armour; (M, TA;) a thing well known: (A,

Msb, $ :) pi. Lj3 and J-|p (S, M, Msb, K) and
■« « • ># ' • -•*

i-ip (S) and ^-ap, [all pis. of mult.,] and t-lpt,

[a pi. of pauc.,] (S,M,Msb,K;,) but not Ly3l.
(ISk,S, Msb.) A ^p that is made of skins,
without wood and without sinews in it, is called

ii-~» and lip. (Msb.) Also I The dish of

the sun. (A, # TA.) — . And \A tmooth, round,
level piece of ground: (A,TA:) or a rugged
piece of hard, or hard and level, ground. (Ibn-
'Abbad, K.) _ See also ^p*.

i->|p The art of making shields. (K.)

• a.

^PIP A mnn having a shield; (S, M, A, IJI ;)
also '^jU. (S, A.) — And A maker of

(K.j
y^U : sec ijfAj/t,

as
shields.

pbl^ oJ] > (TA ;) he hastened to him to do evil,
or mischief (S, O, L, K.) — 27e rushed headlong
into affairs by reason of excessive briskness, live-
liness, or sprightliness. (Lth, K.) = **p, inf. n.
cp, [app. a mistake for pp,] .ff« hastened to him,
forbidding [him to do a thing]. (L.) _ J>* <t*p
<»y».j 7Ze averted him, or turned him back, from
his course, or manner of acting or proceeding.
(Ibn-'Abb4d,Sgh,L,K.)

2. vO 1 *P» > n f- n « Wj"^ H e l oc 1 te d> or cfoierf,
<Ae door ; syn. xiU-t [which has both these signi-
fications]. (K.) In the Kur [xii. 23], some read,
VJ$^I Ccpj And she locked, or closed, the
doors, instead of Oil*. (O, TA.)

(_r>p« ; bo accord, to El-Hdfidh Ibn-Hajar, and
this is the correct form ; written in the T and the
Towsheeh ^P* ; and by some, ^»j^» [as in the
CK] ; and by some, ^>f* [as I find it in two
copies of the § and in a copy of the K] ; (TA ;)
[A wooden door-bar ;] a piece of wood that is put
behind the door ; (S, K ;) the jW-£> [or wooden
bar] that is put against the door as a stag: (T,
L, TA :) [,^-p* is] a Persian word, [having the
above-mentioned signification, but originally a
contraction of^p **, and] meaning "fear not
thou," with it [licing here understood] : (T, K,
TA :) or the name of this piece of wood in Arabic
is 1yj*p : (M, TA :) which also signifies a piece
of wood with which a couch-frame (jij->) is
repaired, by its being affixed as a ij : (M :)
[and the Arabic word jU-i has this latter signi-
fication also :] the Persian word is ^P*. (M,
TA.)_ Their saying y-p*, with fet-h to the >>
and O, and sukoon to the », means [also] Security
[is given] to thee, therefore fear thou not : it is
said to be Persian. (Msb.)

<L.<p«, (M, A,) or i., tJ Z», (K, accord, to the
TA, [and so I find in a MS. copy of that work,
and in the CK, but the former is probably the
correct form, being agreeable with analogy, like
«LU. ..,» and li^, ,« &c.,]) Anything by which one
is defended, or protected. (M, Msb, K.) You
say also JM i_p« fh } [lie is a cause of defence,
or protection, to thee]. (A.)

,^-jpio «->V A door fastened, or closed, [with a
bar, or] in any wanner. (TA.)

1. cp, aor. * , inf. n. cp, It (a vessel, S, or a
thing, TA) was, or became, full, or filled; (S,Z,K;)
as also t cpt : (Sgh,K :) or it was, or became, very
full, or much filed. (Lth,inTA. [But it is said in
the TA, in one place, that Lth ignored the verb in
this sense ; and in another place, that he said, I have
not heard them say, SONI pp.]) = -&•* Itastened
to do evil, or mischief; (Ks, K ;) and to do a
thing: (TA :) and pill ^1 y ~fj^>, accord, to
the K ; but accord, to the S and O and L, * epJ

4. icpi He filed it; (S, £;) namely, a.
vessel. (S.)

5 : see 1, in two places.

8 : see 1.

cp Full; applied to a watering-trough or tank
for beasts &c. ; (S, K. ;) and to a rnug : (S :) an
inf. n. used as an epithet: (TA:) the regular form
is t cp, which signifies the same. (K.)

ep : sec cp. __ Also A cloud containing much

rain. (TA.) c>5 ^Jli Fresh, juicy, or sappy,

herbs or herbage. (Sgh in art. cp, and L.) =
A man quick to do evil, or mischief, (Ks, S,) and
to become angry : (S :) ready and quick to become
angry : and t apU evil, or mischievous, hastening
to do what is not ft, or proper, for him. (TA.)
— One who rushes headlong into affairs by
reason of excessive briskness, liveliness, or spright-
liness: (0,L,TA:) thus correctly written; but
in the copies of the ]£, *£Jp. (TA.) _ Light-
wit ted; weak and stupid; deficient in intellect;
or light and hasty in disposition or deportment.
(TA.) — And, with i, A woman who transgresses
the proper bounds or limits, and is light [in con-
duct]. (TA.)

5*p The mouth of a streamlet or rivulet ; (IB,
Msb, K ;) i. c. a place hollowed out by the water
in the side of a river, whence it flows forth :
(Msb :) pi. cp (I B, Msb) and Olcp and OUp
and CAftp : (Msb :) in the S it is said to signify
the mouths of streamlet* or rivulets; but correctly
the sentence should be, cp is pi. of itp, and has
this signification. (IB.)__A canal, or channel
of water, to a meadow or garden or the like : (L,
TA :) this is the meaning commonly known [in
the present day : the general name in Egypt for a
canal cut for the purpose of irrigation, conveying
the water of the Nile through the adjacent fields].
(TA.)_— The opening, or gap, of a watering-
trough or tank, by which the water enters, and
wtere the people draw it : (Az, Mgh,* K,* TA :)
and, (K,) accord, to A A, (TA,) the station of the
drinkers at. the watering-trough or tank; as in
the O and K ; or, as in the L, the part of the
watering-trough or tank which is the station of
the drinkers. (TA.) _ A meadow, or garden, or
the like, (S, K,) tn an elevated place : (K :) if in
low land, it is called i-ojj. (TA.)__A stair;
or a flight of steps by which one ascends; syn.

303

1^-ji : (S, ^ :) so accord, to some in a trad.,
which see in what follows: (8,*TA:) and par-
ticularly the fight of steps of a pulpit. (AA,

Sgh, 5.) \A door, or gate: (S, Sgh, Msb,

£ :) pi. lp\ (K.) You say, j\ jJI i^^iXlIe
opened the door of the house. (TA.) And it is
said in a trad., cp £y» icp ^jl* I jjk \Jj~+ 0\
alaJI, (S, TA,) as though meaning, t Verily this
my pulpit is at a gate of the gates of Paradise :
thus explained by Sahl Ibn-Saad Es-Sd'idee, the
relaterofthetrad. ; and A'Obcydsays, 4*-pl y>j
[" and it is the proper," or "the valid and obvious,
way," of explaining it], meaning that it is the
preferable explanation : but the author of the I£>
mistaking his meaning, makes a^j to be another
signification of itp : or the meaning of this trad,
is, he who acts according to the exhortations
recited upon the steps of my pulpit will enter
Paradise : or, accord, to Kt, prayer and praise in
this place are means of attaining to Paradise ; so
that it is as though it were a portion of Paradise.
(TA.) In die same manner Sahl explained his

other trad,, yf*"-" Sp \>* r *f? \j* L^« kJ <A
J [Verily my foot is at a gate of the gates of the
pool of Paradise]. (TA.)

£,p:see£p.

c|p A torrent filling the valley ; as also T cpl :
(K :) or a torrent which fills the valley : (S :) and
♦ the latter, a vehement torrent. (TA.) J says,

JWJW

and he

in the S, that ♦ epi j~, signifies
cites tho words of a poet thus :

• Upt jt-t u6j^\ JipiU *

ascribed by some to El-'Ajjnj, but correctly, accord,
to IB, the words of Ru-bch ; making two mis-
takes, in saying J^pst, in the sing., and jtr-t •
moreover, tho last word in the citation is a pret.
verb : [the right reading is]

• Upi J*w c^l IjipiU •

[And tliey travelled the land with a multitude
like a torrent tliat filled the valleys] : tho poet
describes the Bcnoo-Temccm, and their travelling
the land like the torrent by reason of multitude.
(Sgh, TA.) = t A door-keeper. (Th, S, K.)

Ipi : see ctp, in three places.

A filled watering-trough or ran*:

*.n « » -

(TA :) and iftp«

a filled bowl. (S.)

cip

1. Jfp, aor. '-, (Sgh, K,) inf. n. op, (M, TA,)
He enjoyed, or led, a plentiful, and a pleasant or
an easy, and a soft or delicate, life ; or a life of
ease and plenty ; (M, Sgh, K;) as also ♦ .Jp.
(K.) — And the former verb, ^It (a plant, or
herbage,) was, or became, luxuriant, flourisliing,
succulent, or sappy; or bright and fresh, by reason
of plentiful irrigation. (M, TA.)

« »'

2 : sec 4, in two places. — <JujZ [app. as the

inf. n. of the pass, verb, \Jj3, also signifies] Good

804

feeding. (M.) — And j$\ Jp,andtip|, He
rendered the man submissive ; or made him to tub-
nut : and he made the man king, or prince : [in
both senses] like iiij. (M.)

4. iU-JI *aJ3l [JFea/M, or what God bestowed
upon him,] made him to behave exorbitantly ; to
be excessively disobedient or rebellious; to exalt
himself, and be inordinate in infidelity ; or to be
extravagant in acts of disobedience and in wrong-
doing : (S, K : ) and so jL^i\ iu. [plentifulness
and easiness of life] : and in like manner, * £ij>
it caused him to exult, or to exult greatly, or ex-
cessively, and to behave insolently and unthanhfully ,
or ungratefully. (TA.) And [Wealth, or what
Ood bestowed upon him,] made him to enjoy, or
lead, a plentiful, and a pleasant or an easy, and
a soft or delicate, life ; or a life of ease and plenty ;
as also* eSSfi. (K.) — J^l .Jpi lie gave the
man the object of his eager desire; or of his
yearning, or longing, or appetency. (Lh, M.)_
See also 2. = oyl also signifies He persevered
in, or persisted in, or resolved upon, transgression,
wrongdoing, or deviation from the right way.
(El-'0*cyzee, K.)
: sec 1.

10. <_Jp£*| He magnified himself; or behaved
proudly, haughtily, or insolently: he behaved
exorbitantly; was excessively disobedient or rebel-
lious; exalted himself, and was inordinate in
infidelity; or was extravagant in acts of diso-
bedience and in wrongdoing. (Z, Sgh, K.)

UjJ Plentifulness, and pleasantness or easiness,
and softness or delicacy, of life; a life of softness
or delicacy, and ease, comfort, or affluence; or

"*?. an *P Unt !'i <*■• *^» (T» K, TA,) and
tA««JI bti (TA:)ort.o. lJu [i.e. wealth; or
»Aat GW bestows upon one; &c.]. (Mgh, and so
in the CK. [But this I think a mistranscription,
for i**).]) __ Good, sweet, or pleasant, food.
(IDrd, M, K.) _ A new, or strange, thing,
(«-*<A S^y—ji [in some copies of the K, <JujJa is
put in the place of U^J»,]) Mat one appropriates,
or peculiarly assigns, [as a gift] to a friend; or
ty [<*« gift of] which one distinguishes a friend:
(K any iijia [i. e. gift not given to any one be-
fore ; or of which the recipient did not possess the
like, and which pleases him ; or novel, or rare, and
pleasing, present]. (M, TA.) as A thing protu-
berant in the middle of the upper lip, by nature.
(Lth,* T,« S, M, K.) . A Jttl. [q. v.] wttf
roAtcA mm drinks. (M, TA.)

1'*'

«Jpl Having a natural protuberance in the

middle of his upper lip, called US, (Lth,* T *
M,K.)

>jU [pass. part. n. of 4, q. v.] One left to do
what he will ; not prevented from doing so. (Ibn-
'Arafch, K.) — And hence, (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA,)
One enjoying, or leading, a plentiful; and a plea-
sant or an easy, and a soft or delicate, life ; or a
life of ease and plenty : (Ibn-'Arafeh, M, K, TA:)
luxurious, or indulging himself largely in the
pleasures, or delights, of the present life, and in its
appetites, or eager desires: (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA :)
one who is not prevented from enjoying himself:
(K, TA :) and one whose means of subsistence are

made ample, or plentiful; as also t\Jj£o : (M:)
one whom plentifulness, and pleasantness or easi-
ness, and softness or delicacy, of life, or whom a
life of ease and plenty, (T,) or whom wealth, or
what God lias bestowed upon him, and plentiful-
ness and easiness of life, (Mgh,) causes to exult,
or to extdi greatly, or excessively, and to behave
insolently and unthankfuUy, or ungratefully:
(T, Mgh :) and t. q. jCL. [i. e. one who magnifies
himself; or behaves proudly, haughtily, or inso-
lently; ice}: (K:) so says Katadeh, in explaining
the phrase \t?jU \>'^»\, in the Kur [xvii. 17:

* r % "*

see j+\] : or, accord, to some, ly-ip* here means
the worst of its chiefs; and the leaders in evil.
(TA.) — Also, (TA,) or t SfU, (T,) A boy
made soft, or delicate, in body, and rendered
submissive. (T,TA.)

op© : see wip*, in two places.

Q. Q. 1. i£p, (ISk, JK, S, K,) inf. n. JlSp,
(TSk, S, K,) I hit, or hurt, his (a man's, ISk,
JK,S) i£s [or collar-bone]. (ISk, JK,S,K.)

i£f> The collai--bone ; the bone between the
pit at the uppermost part of the chest and the
shoulder, (JK,S,Mgh,K,) on either side, connect-
ing those two parts, (JK, Mgh,) of a man &c. ;
(TA;) each of the two prominent bones in the
uppermost part of the chest, from the head of
each shoulder to the edge of the pit above men-
tioned : (TA in art. <^>fi :) [and sometimes, as
in a phrase which see below,] the fore part of
the Ji*. [here app. meaning the throat], at the
uppermost part of the chest, the place into which
the soul [for ^hUI, in copies of the K, I read
i^JLJl] rises [when one is at the point of death] :
(K in art. jlji) pi. Jtp (JK,Mgh,K) and jSip;
(JK, K ;) the latter formed by transposition :
(JK:) Fr says that the latter pi. is used by some
for the former: (TA:) the sing, is of the measure
»>l»i, (JK, S, K,) as is shown by the verb men-
tioned above, (K,) though it is repeated in the
K in art. ^5j : (TA :) one should not say fpp,
with damm to the O. (S,K.) JjJipM w-iii lit,
in the Kur lxxv. 20, means When it (the soul)
reaches the uppermost parts of the chest; [or,
the parts of the throat next the chest ;] for J n" I
is understood : (Bd :) said when one is at the
point of death. (TA.)

[Book I.

remedy against the bite or sting of rapacious
venomous reptiles and the like, and poisonous
potions: (K: [I omit some unprofitable and
absurd particulars respecting the compounds thus
termed, in the K and other lexicons &c. :]) pi.
Jrtlp. (K in art. Jjp.) The best kind is called
CyjWl JWpJI, (K in art Jji,) vulgarly JOp
U^JJ**' (TA in that art.) [A principal ingredient
of this kind is the best sort of Jews-pitch, i. e.
asphaltum, also called mumia, and in Arabic
l**>*:) (sec De Sacy's " Rcl. do l'Egypte par Abd-
allatif," p. 274 :) and this mumia, by itself, is
called L5 %~ J I (Jl^-M.] — [It is sometimes ap-
plied to Treacle, as meaning the strop that drains
from sugar.] It is also said to be applied to the
j*jiM [or Dezoar-stonc], likewise termed y n t.
(TAin art. u~+.) — Also, and * SiCjS, f Wine;
(S, O, K;) because it dispels anxiety; (S;) or
because it is a remedy for anxieties ; (O ;) where-
fore it is also termed j>y^\ i)yC». (TA.)

*. *»

iiUjj : sec the last sentence above.

[i<»li>3 (jU^ii^ Zanthium.]

,jibp, an arabicized word, (S, Msb, K,) from
the Greek, (Msb,K,) [i. e. from 0>ipiaica,] or ori"i-
nally Persian, (S, O,) also written and pronounced
JWjJ» (JK, Msb,) and J>WjJo 5 (Msb;) or, as
some say, from Jii^t, because containing the
spittle of serpents, and, if so, it is Arabic [in
origin]: (Msb:) [Theriac; also culled treacle;]
an antidote for poisons; (S, O ;) a certain com-
pound medicine, (K,) comprising many ingre-
dients, at most ninety or ninety-six, and at least
sixty-four, (TA,) sometimes including the flesh oj
vipers, (K, TA,) and that of asses, which cause it
to be prohibited and impure, or, as some say, it is
prohibited without restriction: (TA:) it is a

1. i&ji, (S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ^(S.M,)
inf. n. jp (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and JU=>ji, with
kesr, (Fr, K,) He left it, forsook it, relinquished
it, abaiuloncd it, deserted it, or quitted it ; either
intentionally, and by choice, or by constraint, and
of necessity: (Kr-Ittighih, TA :) he left it, for-
sook it, &c., as above ; namely, a thing that he
desired, or wished for, and also a thing that he
did not desire, or did not wish for: (Ibn-'Arafeh,
TA:) he left it, quitted it, went away from it, or
diparted from it; namely, a place: and he left
him, forsook him, relinquished him, abandoned
him, deserted kirn, quilted him, or separated him-
self from him : (Msb :) he cast it, or threw it K
away, as a thing of no account; rejected it ; dis-
carded it; cast it off'; lift it off: (MF, TA:)
he left it, left it alone, let it alone ; ceased, desisted,
forbore, or abstained,from it ; neglected it, omitted
it, or left it undone ; syn. o"&L ; (S, A, O ;) or
**^> (M,K;) asalsotj^api. (K. [Eut respect-
ing this latter verb, see what follows.]) jJJU
IjAj ^»-JI, in the Kur xliv. 23, And leave thou
tke sea opened with a wide interval; or motionless,
in the same state as before thy passing through it,
and strike it not with thy rod, nor alter anything
thereof; (Bd;) or motionless, parted asunder;
(Jel;) so that the Egyptians may enter it; (Bd,
Jel ;) is an instance of the verb meaning leaving
intentionally, and by choice: (Er-Uughib, TA :)
and 0>s*J ■* J \**r O-* '>*5/3 j&> '" 'he next verse,
How many gardens and springs did they leave !
(Jel,) is an instance of the verb meaning leaving
by constraint, and of necessity. (Er-Itiighib, TA.)
In a phrase such as aa». j)jj, meaning He made
his right, or due, or claim, to be null, or he rejected
it, and such as S^-all ^>o £a3j jp, meaning
lie neglected, omitted, or left unperformed, a

Book I.]

**^j of the "prayer, [it is said (but I think it
doubtful) that] the verb, having an ideal substan-
tive for its objective complement, is used meta-
phorically. (Msb.) t Jjf Ci *-» JU means U
l*S J)j3 [i.e. He strove, laboured, or exerted
himself, (jyV],) t'» it, and neglected not, or
omitted not, anything in his power] : the verb is
of the measure j*a\. (8.) ^ ^jli\i ,-ijf Ai
IV* '*>»! >8 a mistake for l£i Jp^^j, or^
*j)p* without t£i, or ijpfUi; for this verb is
not trans., except, sometimes, in poetry ; and the
meaning is, l£i y i) JjJI Ue* ijS J& [«• e. JTc
wAo bequeaths the third of his property, <znd <foe*
no* omi< anything of what he is allowed (to leave,
or anything of the third part, for this is all that
he is allowed to bequeath)] : it is from the Baying
»jpi Ui J** [.He rft'rf such a thing, and neglected
not, or omitted not, anything]. (Mgh.) You say
also, *$U c4jl jjp, i. e. The deceased left pro-
perty. (Msb.)— &j*J)\ J> *&. U4pj, (K,)
jn the £ur [xxxvii. 70 &c], (TA,) means And
we have perpetuated (K, Jel, TA) to him a eulogy
among the later generations (Jcl, TA) of the
prophets and peoples to the day of resurrection,

[namely,] Salutation &c. (Jcl.) ijpJI is also

tyn. tvithjaafj), (Lth,K,TA,) in some instances;
(Lth, TA ;) as though it had two contr. significa-
tions : ($ :) [i. c.,] when S)j3 is doubly trans., it
has the meaning of^>, (MF,TA,) or JjLL.
(TA.) So in the saying, Ijuji. JlLi\ C4j^j /
made, or rendered, the rope strong ; or made it,
or caused it, to be, or become, strong. (TA.) So
too in the $ur ii. 10, OU& ,^4 ^i»pj And
maketh, or causeth, them to be in darknesses.
(Ksh, Bd, MF.) And sometimes one says of any
action that has come at last to a certain state,
\j£s *Z£aji U [ I did not malic it, or cause it, to
be thus). (TA.)«=» Jp, aor. '- , (lAar, £,) inf. n.
*&$ (T¥») He (a man, lAar) married, i.e.
tooh to wife, a 3&j3, (IAar,Kl,) meaning a
woman that had remained a virgin, unmarried,
until she had become of middle age, or long after
she had attained to puberty, in the house, or tent,
of her parents. (TA.)

3. a£»,U [inf. n. i&>'$U] is syn. with »y\i. (S
in art. >X*-) [which is explained in the 1£, in art.
y*., as syn. with *£>jj, He left, forsook, relin-
quished, abandoned, &c., him or it ; and thus it
may often be well rendered : but it properly sig-
nifies he left him, forsook him, tec., being left,
ice, by him; whence it is said in the Mgh, in
Rrt - f}>2> t,lat **>\y» i* syn. with iaJLa^ because
it is i&jU» : Golius, as on the authority of Ibn-
Maaroof, explains a&>j13 as signifying he dismissed
him, and did not molest him : he left him unmo-
lested is one of its meanings, but is not the
primary signification : accord, to the T]£, aSajlio
signifies the leaving, &c, anything in the state in
which it is : and the leaving, &c, one another].
One says also, s^l *^»Jl3, (S, Mgh, but in the
latter ii»jU, and in the TA gj\ ^J,,) £Ifcj,
(Mgh,) inf. n. ii>jui, (S,) [app. meaning /
Bk. I.

jp — up

relinquished with him, i.e. concurrently with him,
the sale, fyc. : see 6, by which this rendering is
confirmed: Golius, as on the authority of J, who
has not explained it, says that it means I relin-
quished to him the merchandise, or commodity ;

and Freytag follows him.] [Hence,] i£»jl£« is

metonymically used as meaning The making peace
[or a truce], or reconciling oneself, with another
or others. (Mgh.) __ In the saying, m i>X ^
<*yb "Jb *!& *$3 *e*> lt "8 an imitative sequent,
(K,) all of these verbs having the same meaning
[so that the saying may be rendered May God
not bless him nor felicitate him nor make him
happy]: (TA :) [or the meaning may be, nor
preserve him, or prolong his life; for] IAar says
that i)Jl3 means ^M. (TA.)

6- sn~f rTfi ^j&, (K,) or Vrf U*i j^\,
(Mgh,) They relinquished [concurrently], one
with another, the affair that was between them.
(TK.)

8. jjpt : sec 1, in five places.

• »~ •«

2)jj : see a£jy. = Also A [drinking-cup or

bowl such as is called] --ji which a man lifts, or
carries, with his two hands. (Ibn-'Abbad, TA.)

J)yj\ A certain nation; (S,Msb,l£;) [namely,
the Turks:] ^Jj is its n. un. : (Msb, TA :)
[and signifies also Turkish :] pi. Ill^ll. (Msb,
. .) It is said in a trad., j^s^=>fi U JpJI lj£>pl
[Leave ye alone Vie Turks as long as they leave
you alone]. (TA.) [*4-^Jt ^s£ often occurs
in post-classical works as meaning Having a
Turkish face ; i. e. round-faced, or broad-faced ;
opposed to 4*.yi uijz.]

see iSJjJ, in two places. -_ Also fA

' * ' •'

woman such as is termed ojuj [i. e. of middling

stature]: (Ibn-'Abbad, $ :) pi. ol%3. (TA.)

__It is said in a trad., xJlfc^ ^» ^' J;U.'I il»-

* * ^ • * ^'

4-^^J t [ElrKhaleel (i. e. Abraham) cawte to

Mekkeh to get knowledge of his i£sy), meaning

Hagar, and her son Ishmael : (K :) the word

originally means an ostrich's egg, and is here

used metaphorically ; for the ostrich lays but one

egg in the year, and then leaves it and goes

away: (TA :) Z says, in the Faik, that it is thus

related, with the j quiescent; (Nh, O, TA ;) but

it would be a proper way if it were with kesr

to the j, [" duihtjj,] as meaning the thing that

lie had left, or forsaken, Sec. (Nh, O, I£.)

* ' •»

3£sji : see what next follows.

i&y A thing that is left, forsaken, relinquished,
abandoned, deserted, or quitted; like iJUb mean-
ing " a thing desired, or sought ;" (TA ;) see
also 2J=sj3 : particularly, the inheritance, or pro-
perty that is left, of a person deceased; (S,
Msb, K. ;•) also pronounced t 3£sji : pi. ol^>p.
(Msb.)

■iHp an imperative verbal noun, meaning Jjpi
[Leave thou, kc.]. (S,TA.) Hence the saying,
JknjPjfc i l >a.^> Jip Jip [Leave thou, leave thou,
the companionship of the Turks], (TA.) Yoo

305

says that Jtp is a dial. var. of the same ; but
this is only when it is used as a prefixed noun,
as in \£*\J> for y£.tj5. (TA.)

JlijS : see the next paragraph, in two places.

«- -

«jp A woman that is left unmarried; (S,

K. ;) that has remained a virgin, unmarried,
until she has become of middle age, or long after
she lias attained to puberty, in the house, or tent,
of ker parents : (TA :) it is not applied to a

male: (Lh,TA:) pi. iUip. (8.) A meadow

the depasturing of which has been neglected: (S,
K. :) or a pasture-land where people have pastured
tlteir beasts, either in a desert or upon a moun-
tain, and of which the beasts have eaten until
there remain [only] some relic* of wood. (TA.)
— Water left by a torrent: (IB,]£:) used in

this sense by El-Farezdak. (IB.) An egg after

the young bird has gone forth from it : (K. :) or
an ostrich's egg (S,£) which she forsakes (§,TA)
in the desert after it has become empty : (TA :)
or, as some say, an ostrich's eggs left solitary:
(TA:) and tii>p signifies the same. ($.) [For
the pi., see the next sentence.] _ + An iron
helmet; (K ;) in the opinion of ISd, as being
likened to the egg thus termed; (TA ;) nnd so
* i£»ji: (S,£ :) the pi. [of the former] is Jtt\j3
[mentioned in the S as pi. of the former applied
to an ostrich's egg] and ^jX^jJ and Ijijj [tho
latter of which is termed in the S pi. of i£=>p are
coll. gen. ns. of which 2&p and 2£»p are the
ns. un.]. (]£.)_ .4 raceme of dates (<L»L& [in
the Cs%, erroneously, i-Ufe]) after it has had
what was upon it shaken off, (AHn, K, TA,)
and is left : pi. Jti\j3 : (AHn, TA :) and t JA,» J
signifies a raceme ^iyLc) when what was upon
it has been eaten ; (AHn, ]£, T A ;) and a raceme
of dates (J5%>*) that has had what was upon it
shaken off, (K, TA,) so that nothing remains
upon it: so AHn says in one place. (TA.)__ It
is said in a trad., <uJU- ^ ibip Sis ,j\, meaning
[Verily to God are referrible] conditions which
He hath perpetuated in mankind, of hope and
heedlessness, so that they apply themselves thereby
with boldness, forwardness, presumptuousness, or
arrogance, to the things of the present world.
(TA.)

3))j0*» [pass. part. n. of JJ3, Left, forsaken,
&c ] In lexicology, Obsolete. (Mz 10th cy.)

t,0 it*

ijLoJss^JI [Tlte Turkumdn;] a certain people,

or race, of the Turks; [absurdly said to be] so

called because two hundred thousand of them

become believers in one month ; wherefore thev

i #j
said oW -i^P [the Turks of belief] ; which w.i;

afterwards contracted into ^U&>p : (JC, TA :) [»

fi - t « >

coll. gen. n. : n. un., and rel. n., .«jl«&»p :] p|.

i^iji (ta.)

up

Up *$ t. q. CI- ^ [which see in art \£y*\.
(K.)

39

30G

u-*p

v~*/} [vulgarly pronounced in the present day
u-*ji ; from the Greek Oep/ios, or Coptic dapnos ;
Lupines ; or the lupine ;] a certain grain, well
known, of the description termed ^ylUS ; (Msb ;)
the produce of a tree [or plant] which has
a grain ribbed and notched : (Lth, M,* K :)
or i. q. \Jfo* ^XJW • (the Minhaj and K :) [but
if this be the same as the ^kJ ^j(/, it is a
mistake, accord, to Ibn-Beytar, to identify it with
the ij-ojJ:] AHn says that it is the ^^o^j^ryt-,
and is of the description termed ^j\iai ; and under
the head of the letter •-, he says that the jt*j*-

is the ^jliVj : accord, to the Minhaj, it is a grain
of an expanded shape, of bitter taste, hoUomed in
the middle; and the mild kind is smaller than
the other, and stronger: and the w~*ji approaches
more to medicine than to food : the best is the
white, large, and heavy : (TA :) some say that
the O is augmentative, and that the word is from
uJtj, signifying "he concealed " a thing : (MF,
TA :) the n. un. is with ». (Msb.)

OP

jjp an appellation applied to A female slave;
(T, K ;) and to a fornicatress, an adulteress, or
a prostitute; (M, K ;) as also .*3>: (T, K :)
and i-ip ^1 means the son of a fornicatress or
an adulteress or a prostitute ; (T, K ;) as also
tJSji Ctfl '• (TO or one tnat " base-born : (S in
art. yj :) but it is said that ^jjj is of the measure
Jjjj, from y>J\ : (M :) it may be from w^j,
meaning " she was looked at continuously."
(T.K.)

\j**j* — /■**"■'

" Avicenna K " vol. i. of the Arabic ed., p. 262 :)
the £y» [or manna] mentioned in the Kur-an
[ii. 54]. (Ksh, Bd, Jcl, TA.) [Sec also " Ibn
Baithar" (Ibn-Beytar), vol. i. p. 207.]

V*

jr>y and 2»->y '•

• t>»l • « • ••'
*~>pl and <U»3pl :

see art.

<jt-m.'jj and ijt n + i j} and £>* * .+ ' P [thus
variously written, in the last manner in the TA, and
there said to be " with damm ;" from the Persian

; A kind of manna; tho manna of the
thorny plant called by the Arabs the f^-t "'"'
hence by European botanists "alhagi:' accord,
to Dr. Royle (art. "Man" in Kitto's Cycl. of
Bibl. Lit.), it is a sweetish juice which exudes
from the alhagi maurorum, concretes into small
granular masses, and is usually distinguished by
the name of Persian manna : he also states that
the alhagi maurorum and another species, alhagi
desertorum, arc. 'called in Mesopotamia " agool,"
according to some authorities, while by others
this is thought to be the name of another plant:'
by "agool" is meant Jyl*, q. v.:] a kind of

dew ( ji»), that falls mostly in Khurasan and in
Ma-war da-n-nahr, and, in our country, mostly
upon the »-U. : the best thereof is that which is
fresh, or moist, and white: (Ibn-Seena, or

1. «p, aor. - , He fell into what are termed
w>Up, said to signify, originally, [deserts, such as
are termed] jUJ, and to be metaphorically applied
to I false, or vain, sayings or actions or affairs ;
unprofitable sayings : (K.,* TA :) or +//« uttered
false and confused and vain speech, with some-
what of embellishment, (Lth,TA,) or without
foundation, or order, or method. (Akh, TA.)

ay : see what next follows, in two places.

ajkp A small road branching off from a main
road : (As, S, K :) a Persian word, arabicized :
(As, S :) pi. oUp (As, S, K) and Olip. (TA.)
_ A [desert, such as is termed ji3, (see 1,) or]
IjlLi, and i\' j LJa. (JK.) — The first in this
paragraph is the primary signification : (TA :)
and hence, metaphorically, (As, S,) * A false, or
vain, saying or action or affair ; (As, JK, S, K ;)
as also *«pJ: (S, K:) pi. of the former, Olip
(JK,S,K*) [and OUp, as above] ; and of the
latter, <yjtp : (S, K :*) or the primary significa-
tion of OUp is j\ii : [sec 1 :] and it is meta-
phorically applied to Xfalse, or tsat'n, sayings or
actions or affairs ; (K;) awl unprofitable sayings:
(Z, K, TA :) or, accord, to Az, false, or vain,

***** 1 T Tfc

affairs : and the sing, is *«p : or, accord, to IB,
this last is pi. of i*p : [or rather a coll. gen. n. :]
or, as some say, it is a sing. : (TA :) nnd accord,
to Lth it signifies the act of lying, and confusing
[truth and falsehood]. (Harp. 165.) [Sometimes
it is followed by a syn., to give greater force to
the signification :] one says Lr ^l— J1 oUpJI and
i.i,r, pii olApJI : and sometimes the former
word is used as a prefixed, noun governing the
gen. case [so that ono says ^^U-Jt oUp and
m-m\m*ri\ C<|Uy3i ? -rr **\ is mentioned in the

K, in this art., as a syn. of ifcpJI]. (S.) —
Also A calamity; a misfortune; an evil acci-
dent: (JK,»K:) pi. [CA# and] Lj(p. (JK.)

Wind. (JK, K.)__ Clouds, or a collection of

clouds. (JK,*K.)=sA certain small creeping
thing (<Cyi) [found] in the sand. (JK, K.)

1. >t ilri\ aor. - (S, Msb, K) and - (Yoo, Msb,
K) and i , (Msb,) inf. n. jli, (TK,) lie took
the ninth pari of their possessions : or he became
the ninth of them : (S, Msb, K :) or he made
them to be nine with himself; (K ;) they having
before been eight. (TA.) [See also 2.]

[Book I.

and in like manner the verb is used in relation to

any saying or action. (TA voce £->.)

4. lyujt They became nine : (8, K :) and they
became ninety. (M and L in art. *iJu.) __ They
were, or became, persons whose camels came to
water [on the ninth day, counting the day of the
next preceding watering at the first; i. c.,] after
an interval of nine days, [of which the first or
last, or each of these, was not complete,] and eight
nights. (S,*K,*TA.)

see

juJ A ninth part; one of nine parts; (S,
Msb, K.;) as also*»~3; (Msb;) and * **_J, (S,

Msb, K,) agreeably with a rule which some hold
to be applicable in the case of every similar frac-
tional number; but Sh says, I have not heard
%e-3 on any authority but that of AZ. (TA.)

«— J fern, of JMmt, q. v. — — Also A certain $Ji
of the Xji\ of camels; (S, K,TA;) i.e., their
coming to water [on the ninth day, counting the
day of the next preceding watering as the first ;
or, in other words,] after an interval of nine days,
[of which the first or last, or each of these, is not
complete,] and eight nights. (TA.)_Also Tho
ninth young one, or offspring. (A in art. w»tf.)

2. 4*-3 lie made it nine. (Esh-Shcybanec,
and K voce J»j.) [See also 1.] — ^r^ £— '>
or Ujuc, He remained nine nights with his wife:

»_j The seventh and eighth and ninth nights
of the [lunar] montk ; (K ;) the three nights of
the month which are after the Jii, because the
last night of these is the ninth ; (S ;) among the
nights of the month arc three called jjb, [pi. of
»pv,] and after those are three called Jli, and
after these tire three called «— 5 because tho last of
them is the ninth night: (Az, TA:) or the three
nights of the commencement of the month, as some
say; but the first of those explanations is more
agreeable with analogy. (TA.)

«_j : sec » — 3.

ia_j, applied to denote a number, [namely
Nine,] is inasc. ; and * » — '. >, so applied, is fern. :
(S :) the latter is also written t »— 5, with fct-h to
the «1> ; and is thus pronounced in the Kur
xxxviii. 22, (Bd, MF,) accord, to one reading.
(Bd.) You sav JWj i«-j [Nine men], and «— 3
»y-J [Nine women]. (r>-) When it means the
things numbered, not the amount of the number,
a-4-3 is impcrf. decl., being regarded as a proper

name : thus you say, i~>L»j £y> j^=l & *■•■■> [Nine
things are more than eight things]. (TA.) It is
said in the Kur [xvii.100], Obi *— J^y Ug3l jjUj
oUl> [And we formerly gave unto Moses nine evi-
dent signs ; generally understood to mean tho prin-
cipal miracles which he was empowered to perform,
and which arc differently enumerated in the K
and other works ; but by some supposed to mean
statutes]. (K,*TA.) — In j^* «u«-j, which is
masc, and S-JLft «-J, which is fcm., [each signi-
fying Nineteen,] each of the two words ends with
fet-h in every case, becnuse they arc two nouns
which arc regarded as one noun. (TA.) The
former is pronounced by some of the Arabs ia_3
'jls. : and the latter, thus in the dial, of El-Hijdz

Book I.]

[and of most of the Arabs], is pronounced £-3
ijU. in the dial, of Nejd. (S in art. jU..) In
the Kur lxxiv. 30, some read, jU. iL-3, making
the c in j£* quiescent, instead of ji* i«-J, from
a dislike of this consecution of vowels in what is
like one word. (Bd,TA.»)

[^,yi_j Ninety: and ninetieth.]

[ tLJ, as meaning Nine and nine, or nine and
nine together, or nine at a time and nine at a
time, seems not to have been in use.] A'Obeyd
says that more than >WI and Xj and O*^ and
clyj has not been heard, except jU* occurring in
a verse of El-Kumcyt. (TA in art. j^fi.)

*~-3: see «_3.

«_>U [Making to he nine with himself, or itself:

' ' ' ' ' '
and hence, ninth]. You say, i*-3 «->U yk [lie

u the ninth of nine] : and i^US *-»Ij [He is
making eight to be nine with himself] : but it is
not allowable to say, i*-J «_,U. (TA.)__[ *-0
_^£* and Sj-ix i*_>Ui, the former inasc. and Uic
latter fem., meaning Nineteenth, arc subject to

" J

the same rules as jJU. >iJ0 and its fcm., explained
in art. wJtf, q. v.]

JU^tf, (Msb, TA, &c.,) or SUj^&t, (S, K,)
7%« fmUk day of [the month] El-Mokarram;
(Mfb.TA;) [the day] before the day o/iljyiUM,
(S,) or before the day of J^U : (K:) or,
accord, to some, the same as the day of dj^iUJI :
(TA :) [sec .Ij^wU, where this is explained :] it
is a post-classical word : (Sgh, K :) J says, in the
S, I think it post-classical : (Msb, TA :) but [SM
says,] this requires consideration ; for it was used
by the Prophet: (TA:) one ought to say, that,
with .tj^llt, it has this form for the sake of
resemblance ; but as used alone, it must be con-
ceded that it has not been heard [from the Arabs
of the classical times]. (Ms b.)

[*—^» pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. Sec also wX*.]

f-y-Z-o A rope consisting of nine strands. (TA.)

yjjjZZ [in Chaldee "Htt)n] A Greek name of
each of two months, (K,) of the months of Au-
tumn, called Jj*j)l OiJ~> and ^j^ ^Jjj^j, [and
both together ^LjjJLJ, the two Syrian months
corresponding, respectively, to October and No-
vember O.S.,] before the two months whereof
each it caUed i>y\±>. (TA.)

R. Q. 1. jf&\ J> £&, (Mgh, K,) inf. n.

ZjCju, (8, Mgh,) He reiterated in speech, by
reason of an impediment, or inability to say what

he would; (S, Mgh,K;) as also ♦ «-jOj : (EL:)
and he was unable to say what he would, or to
find words to express what he would say : (£1-
Ghooree, Mgh :) iiuu is the speech of him who
is termed £J1. (TA.) And oU*»t \J^ £*> He
reiterated in reciting the Kur-dn, and his tongue

£-3 — cr*»

tt i
stuck fast in hi* doing so. (TA.) — i/I^JI C

(K.) inf. n. as above, (S,) The beast stuck fast in
the sand, (S, K,) or soft soil, (S,) or mire : (TA:)
sometimes the verb is thus used. (S.) And ***2
said of a camel &c. signifies His feet sank into
the soft soil, or soft sands. (TA.) = <uu*3 He
dragged him (namely another man) roughly, or
vehemently, and agitated him : (S :) or he shook
kirn, or shook him vehemently, (AA,K,) bach-
wards and forwards, and treated him roughly :
(AA :) he shook him roughly : (I Drd, K :) or he
compelled him against his will, in an affair, so
that he became disquieted, or agitated. (IF, K.)

(j*^i iaw Such a one had his saying rebutted,

rejected, or repudiated, as wrong, or erroneous.
(TA.)

It. Q. 2. gaip : see R. Q. 1, first signification.

I * I.
j£j6 i. q. *UU or ISli [accord, to different MSS.,

as meaning One who reiterates his words much in

a

speaking]. (AA, K.)

*3U3 ^y b>«5J, [app. pi. of the inf. n. 2X&J,]
T/ieyfsll into convulsing perplexities, arising from
evil and discordant and false rumours or the like,
( JL»-ljl jji, q. v.,) and confusion. (AA, S, K.)

*~--~ Afflicted by an injury which disquiets or
agitates. (TA, from a trad.)

307

K.) [*OW*3» for oU«3, fem. with », is used
in this sense in the present day.]

ijCsu : see what next precedes.

A place of ^ju [or fatigue, &c] : —

and tropically, syn. with » T -«5 : pi. *,-*U*. (Har
p. 431.)

^tA ^ : see ^-*5._- Also I A camel that has
had a bone of one of his fore legs or hind legs
broken and set, and has been fatigued beyond his
power of endurance before the bone has consoli-
dated, so that the fracture has become complete :

' • ,,i *( - .

whence the phrase ^ou* jja* [app. meaning J a

hone broken again after its having been set, or
consolidated: see 4]. (TA.) — A vessel, as, for
instance, a drinking-cup, or bowl, \Jilled. (TA.)

Water t squeezed forth, or expressed, from tlte

earth, to be drunk. (A, TA.)

j'»*1 [A cause of fatigue or weariness: a word
of the same class as i-»~» and «LU...o : loosely
explained in Har p. 475 as meaning a place of
fatigue]. One says, < L. . * ~o LJ *»JI FJ^T'l
jle\'yiJi [Tlte eliciting of the meaning of that
which is made enigmatical is a cause of fatigue
to minds], (A.)

t^-aj

1. „^«3, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. - , (A, IS.,) inf. n.
^j5, (S, Msb,) He [a man and a beast] was, or
became, fatigued, tired, wearied [by labour or
journeying Ins.], or jaded; (S, A, Msb ;) contr.
of L\^L\. (K.) [«,-«3, which, used as a simple
subst., may be rendered Fatigue, tiredness, weari-
ness, or the state of being jaded, is here said in
the TA to be contr. ofia.\y, and to signify SjJj
•UjiII, which may bo rendered much fatigue &c. ;
but accord, to an explanation of the verb of lis.
in the S and TA in art. .j^, tn ' 3 word and ^-au
signify the same. See also y »iuo.]

4. ^jl'I He fatigued, tired, wearied, or jaded,
another ; (S, Msb, K ;) and himself, in a work
that he imposed upon himself, or in which he
laboured; and his travelling-camels, by urging
them quickly, or by hard journeying. (TA.) —
J He broke' a bone again after it kad been set, or
consolidated : or he caused a bone to have a defect
in it, after it had been set, so that there remained
in it a constant swelling, or resulted a lameness :
^Ijjdt * < j&\ signifying >f«jJl Jjy &&\ • (so in the

CK :) or j**i\ jj^ aJ*I. (So in MS. copies of
the K and in the TA. [In the latter, in art.
w-Ic, this reading is confirmed; but a remark
below, voce v .aJU, rather favours the former

reading, that of the CK.]) X He filled a vessel ;

(A, K ;) as, for instance, a drinking-cup, or bowl.
(A.)=s>yiJI ^-juI The people's cattle became
fatigued, tired, wearied, or jaded. (K.)

Fatigued, tired, wearied, or jaded ; as

1. J_»5, aor. ; , inf. n. ^su ; (S,A,Msb,K,
&c. ;) and J^d, aor. - ; (Sh, AHcyth, A, IAth,
K;) but the latter is not chaste; (A,TA;) or
the former is used in addressing a person, saying
cJL«3; and the latter, in narration; (K;) accord,
to Sh ; but ISd says that this is strange ; (TA ;)
He fell, having stumbled; contr. of^*Z>\: this
is the primary signification : (S :) or he stumbled
and fell (AHeyth, A, IAth, K) upon his hands
and mouth, (AHeyth, TA,) or upon his face:
(IAth, TA:) or he fell upon his face: (Er-
Rustamec, Msb, TA :) [and this may also be
meant by one of the explanations of the inf. n.
in the TA, which is Jlilr ^ ^Si :] or he fell
in any manner. (TA*.) Yon say, by way of
imprecation, j^JLiJlj ^hu, meaning May he

also t ^,*i» ; (S, Msb, K ;) but not v.*** 4 - ( s »

fall upon his face, and not rise after his fall
until he fall a second time. (Msb.) And J-«3
JJ&T *£i >iVfij JLibf Ui [May he fall, having
stumbled, or stumble and fall, &c, and not rise
again ; and may he be pricked with a thorn, and
not extract tke thorn]. (TA.) And accord, to
certain of the Kilabces, ^-su signifies He missed
his proof in litigation, and the object of hi* search

in seeking. (TA.) He perished. (Aboo-'Amr

lbn-El-'Ala,S,K.) You say, <Z~ZJ6, as though
meaning Mayest thou perish. (ISh, TA.) — ■
He became far removed. (A, K.) — He became
lowered, or degraded. (A, K.) You say also,
'tjjf. JJii [His fortune, or good fortune, fell :
or may his fortune, or good fortune, fall], ^(K
in art. jit.) = '<Si\ *— «3, [aor. - , inf. n. ^ ;]
( A "Obcyd, A, Msb, K ;) and * JL*31 ; (AHeyth,
S, A, Msb,K ;) the former unknown to Sh ; (Az,
TA ;) God made him to fall, having stumbled :
(S:) or to stumble and fall (AHeyth, A,K) upon
his hands and mouth, (AHeyth, TA,) or upon his

39»

308

face : (TA :) or to fall upon his face : (Msb :)
or to fall in any manner. (TA.)—God de-
stroyed him ; or made him to perish. (A'Obeyd,
8, K.) — _ Ooil made him to become far removed.
(A,K.) — (lod lowered, or degraded, him. (A,
?•) — You say, by way of imprecation, <J CJu
May he [full, having /tumbled : or, xtumbk and
fall: or, Mumble and fall upon hi* hands and
mouth: or, upon his face: or] fall upon his face:
(Msb:) or may God malie destruction to cleave
to him : ($, TA :) [or may God destroy him.]
Aboo-Is-hak says, in explanation of tho phrase
j^ l~sCi, in the Ifur xlvii. 9, that it may bo in

the accus. case as meaning aS)\ ♦ 4t -*' (TA )
A man also says, by way of imprecation, to his
swift and excellent camel, when it stumbles, ' ■ »",
meaning May God throw thee down upon thy
nostrils : expressing his disapproval of the stum-
bling of a beast of such age and strength : but if
it be not a swill and excellent beast, and stumble,
he says to it UJ. (TA.) You say also, 'Jb\ t JJjl

J S

•j*. [May God make his fortune, or good fortune,
to sink!] (A.)

t *»»

4 : see <n—*j, in three places.

* **

um»3 inf. n. of 1 [which see, throughout]. __

Also Evil ; mischief . (K.)

• «

v^-ju : see what next follows.

^-*U (A, #) and l^^p (Msb, $) act. part. ns.
of 1, [i. c., respectively, of l _ r ju and J-«3, accord.
to rule, used intransitively,] (A, Msb,K,) both
applied to a man : (]£ :) and the former, to
fortune, or good fortune. (A.)

[A cause of falling after stumbling : or
of stumbling and falling &c. (Sec 1.)] You say,

• »*•« • # * •# jet * I

3 ■■■ * »• !■•<•> U j*"$\ IJJk [This affair is a cause
of ill luck; a cause of falling &c.]. (A, TA.)

L >£jj, aor. * , inf. n. ^JS, lie left off, or
abstained from, anointing himself, and shaving
his pubes, and in consequence became dirty :
(Msb :) or wJJ signifies the state of being dirty;
(Mgh;) the state of having matted and dusty
hair, or a dusty head, long left unanointed : (T,
Mgh, K :) so in relation to the rites and cere-
monies of tho pilgrimage: (T,K:) thus explained
by ISh ; but not by any [other] of the lexicolo-
gists : he Bays that it is one of the rites and cere-
monies of the pilgrimage ; (T ;) which is a con-
ventional terra of the professors, or lecturers,
of the colleges : (Mgh :) accord, to I 'Ab, it
signifies the shaving, and shortening, or clipping,
of the beard and mustache and [the hair of] the
armpit, and slaughtering [of the victims], and
casting [of the pebbles] : accord, to Fr, the slaugh-
tering of the [victims termed] (J»*/i an ^ other
victims, namely, kine, and sheep or goats, and
shaving the head, and paring the nails, and the
like: (T :) AO says that no poem is adduced as pre-
senting an ex. of it: (Msb,TA:) and Zj says that
it is not known by the lexicologists except from the
expositors of the Kur-an ; (T, M ;) who say that
it is the clipping the mustache, and paring the nails,

and plucking out the hair of the armpit, and
shaving the pubes, and clipping the hair [of the
head]: (T:) or the plucking out the kair, and
paring of the nails, and deviating from all that
is prohibited to the j>j^U : (M :) as though it
were a passing from the state of jAJLa to the state
of J^| : (T, M :) or, in the rites and cere-
monies of the pilgrimage, the doing such things
as paring the naih, and clipping the mustache,
and shaving the pubes (S, K) ami the head, and
casting the pebbles, ami slaughtering the ,jj^,
(?») $' c - •* (§1 K : [but in two copies of the S,
this art. is omitted :]) or the doing away with
the matted and dusty state of the hair, and pollu-
tion and dirt, absolutely. (TA.) Accord, to ISh,
AAS JI JtoJ means The doing away with the
matted and dusty state of the hair by shaving,
and paring tlie nails, and the like : (T :) or it
means the doing away with tlie state of^JJ, by
clipping the mustache, ami paring the nails, ami
plucking out the hair of the armpit, and shaving
the pubes. (Mgh.) Accord, to IAar, tyiJy J^J
^r£*3 [in the £ur xxii. 30] means Then let tliem
accomplish their needful acts of shaving ami
cleansing: (T:) or it means then let them do
away with their dirtiness, by clipping the mus-
tache, and paring the nails, and plucking out the
hair of the armpit, and shaving the pubes, on tlie
occasion of J^l : (Bd :) it is an allowance,
after entering the state of J^U.1, of that which
was forbidden them in the state of j>\\mI\ . (Msb.)
— <ol£o iUjJI C -C i occurs in a trad., mcanin"
And the blood (lit. bloods) contaminated the place
thereof. (TA.)

> ( T > M g n > ?») accord, to ISh, applied to a
man, (T, Mgh,) Altered [in odour or the like],
(je**> T,) or dusty, (j*sU, Mgh, £, or j£u,
TA,) having matted and dusty kair, not luiving
anointed himself, (T,Mgh,K,») nor shaven his
pubes. (T, Mgh. [In the former it is implied
that this explanation is doubtful.])

4. *»Jul [He gave him an apple]. You say,
■ i Km. A3 1 ^yi, , ;U ». : >1 [He makes a present to thee
who gives thee an apple], (A : there immediately
following the saying, 4o-U3 -■''> " ^J^i.)

* • •»

4aJL3 A snreet odour. (Abu-1-Khattab, L.)

— .Uu, of the measure JU» ; an Arabic word ;
[not arabicized ;] (Msb;) [The apple, or apples;]
a certain fruit, (L, Msb,) well known, (S, L, Msb,
K,) plentiful in [tlie cooler parts of] the land of
tlie Arabs: (AEEn, TA:) the word is said by
Abu-1-Khat{ab to be derived from <U»i5 " a sweet
odour :" (L :) the n. un. is with » : (S, L, Msb :)
the pi. is £-e*U3 : (T :) and the dim. of the n. un.

is ▼ i ^f /kffS, (L.) You say, *«. UJ eOstJ ^J^i
[Such a one, his present is an apple], (A.)_

" ' ,. ' fit & ' ' * S* • » •- , lit

v^—JI ^-U> and ,^3 -.Uj : see ,jl-*iiW'-— ■ -_Uj
--„ ^ «*»..' *- j, si t.

jj\: see ^jti, in art. »;^.»_4».l/LJI also sig-
nifies \The head of tlie thigh-bone, which is in the

[Book I.

haunch-bone. (Kr, A, K.) «-Ui£)l yluJlv c>*&

[lit. They (women) slapped, with the jujubes, the
apples] means, J with the fingers, or the ends of
the fingers, the cheeks. (A.)

* ,H

sec *-\su.

A place wliere apples grow (L, £) «'»
abundance. (L.)

Jjxi

05J*

Tho *»» [or base] of a date; (Ibn-

w 4 j a >

'Abbdtl, }£.;) a dial. var. of J^>u [q. v.] : pi.
j^lft (TA.)

*• J* 3 ; [' n tne CK, erroneously, Jju,] aor. -.
(S, M, Msb, £) and '- , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. j&,
(T,S,M,M f b,) lie spat; syn. J^: (M,K:)
[or ratlicr, he spat, emitting a small quantity of
saliva, generally in scattered portions, as when
one spits forth some minute thing :] J&Jt is
similar to JjjJt, but less in degree: (S, Msb:*) tlie
first degree is JjJ\ ; then, JiiJI ; then, >£jUI ;
and then, jjUl: (S:) Ji£ll with tlie mouth is
[an action] never without somewhat of spittle : a
blowing without spittle is [said to be] termed
£~ii. (T.) Hence, ^#1 J*3 [Tlie spitting of
the charmer, in which he emits a small quantity
of saliva at a time, in scattered portions : see
also siSi]. (S.) One says also, dl& jl^J\ ~C JlJ,
i. e. [He tasted the water of the sea, and] spirted
it forth, by reason of dislike thereof. (TA.)ss
Jii, (M,K;,) aor. -', (K,) inf. n. Jii, (S,M,
Mgh, K,) lie, or it, (a tiling, M,) became altered
for the worse in odour, ill-smelling, or frouzy :
(M, Kl :) he neglected, or left off tlie use of,
perfume: (M :) he was unperfumed: (S:) he
neglected, or left off the vac of, perfume, and so
became altered for tlie worse in odour, ill-smelling,
or frouzy : (Mgh, TA :) and «2jU3, aor. and
inf. n. as above, site (a woman) stank, by reason
of having neglected, or left off the use of, perfume
and ointments: and also she perfumed herself:
thus bearing two contr. significations. (Msb.)

4. ajjul He, or it, made him, or it, to be altered
for the worse in odour, ill-smelling, or frouzy,
(K,) or unperfumed. (S.) The riiji/. says,

[And she makes ambergris and musk, or the vesicle
of musk, to have a bad odour, or to lose their
fragrance]. (S.) And it is said of the sun,
•Jpl ,Jj£3 [It ma/tes the odour of tlie person to
be bad], (TA, from a trad.)

j£3 : see what next follows.

J* 3 . (K,) or tjli, (M, accord, to tlie TT,)
and tjuj, (M, K,) vulgarly tjlj and *JU3,
(TA,) Spittle, or saliva, ejected from the mouth ;
syn. JliJ; (M,K;) as also * Ji3 : (Ibn-Abi-1-
Hadeed, TA:) or it is similar to JUa/. (TA.)
[See L] — And Froth, or foam, (M, ]£,) of the
sea; (TA;) and the like tliereof. (M.)

BOOK I.]

J* «• J fi - * * ********

U: see Jtf. ^1 o"*» o? o^* i** 1 u

U,Ju» *JJb SucA a om obtained not from such a

one save a little. (T.)

JiJ: see Ji3.

Ji3, applied to a man ; (§, M, K ;) and 4U3,
applied to a woman, (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) as
alsotJuL, (T,§,M,Msb,K,) which is a pos-
sessive epithet, (M,) or an intensive epithet, (Msb,)
Altered for the worse in odour, ill-smelling, or
frouzy : (M, K :) mho lias neglected, or left off
the use of, perfume : (M :) unperfumed: (T, S :)
who has neglected, or left off the use of, perfume,
and so become altered for the morse in odour, ill-
smelling, or frouzy: (Mgh.TA:) stinking, (T,
Msb,) by reason of having neglected, or left off
the use of, perfume and ointments: (Msb:) the
pi. of lU) is O^UkJ; (T, Mgh, Msb;) applied to
such women as are not to be prevented from going
to the mosque, and in this case meaning unper-
fumed. (T, # Mgh,«TA.)_aJU3 hil. J£ [A
company cf men of the lowest and vilest sort].
(TA.)

JU5 and Ju3 : sco JI5.

AJuli J~ll)l [77»e sun ma/rea <«e oc/owr o/<Ae
person to be bad]. (TA.)

iMfls A spittoon, or wweZ in which to sjnt ;

syn. &>.. (TA.)

so **»0. (KL.) You say a\»3 i^d»l Atnrf* 0/
/ood having no taste of sweetness, or of sourness,
or 0/ bitterness; and some include bread and
flesh-meat among these. (K.)

lit (S,Mgh,M ? b,KL,TA) and *Iii (Mgh,
KL, TA) applied to a thing, (JK, Mgh, Msb,)
and the former to a man also, (TA,) Paltry,
sorry, mean, contemptible, or inconsiderable :
(JK,S,Mgh,Msb, KL,TA :) and little, or small,
in quantity or number. (JK, S, TA, and KL in
explanation of the former.) __ Jiudt a»l5 A man
having little sense, or intellect; (TA ;) stupid, or
foolish. (JK.) See also <uu *»13 also sig-
nifies Afflicted, or distressed, by reason of disease
and fatigue. (JK.)

\^ ; (JK, TA ;) so in the handwriting of
Sgh ; in the K, iJC* ; (TA ;) Easy, submissive,
or tractable; applied to a she-camel. (JK, K.)

Jliiu: see Ji3.

<UJ

1. «A3, aor. - , (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. **3,
(JK, Msb, K, TA,) or Ji5, (Mgh, CK,) and Ijd
(K) and I*U3, (Msb,TA,) or this last is a mis-
take; (Mgh;) and ejj, aor. , , inf.n. »yu ; (JK;)
It (a thing, JK, Mgh, Msb) was, or became,
paltry, sorry, mean, contemptible, or inconsider-
able; (JK, §, Mgh, Msb;) and little, or small,
in quantity or number. (JK,S,K.) *i~ >, aor. - ,
inf. n. «y£, He (a man) was, or became, stupid,
or foolish. (JK, K.) And <uJu C^iS -#" i»*W
became weak. (JK.)_a*5, aor. 4 ; and *43,
aor. ; ; He, or t'r, teas, or became, lean, or meagre;
syn. ii. (K.) It is said in a trad. (§,K) of
Ibn-Mcsood, (K,) o^i S£ **S *i 0^'» (?»

K, [in Uic CK, erroneously, J£i and 0*~^> anu *
in some copies of the K, for the latter is put

Ol~!,]) i. e. 4>UJ % £Ju. ^ t [Tlie Kur-dn will
not become meagre, nor will it become worn out] :

(K : [in the CK, erroneously, J*j-i % w
it is implied by the context in the S, that diuj ^
means will not become paltry, or mean : O^-^ *$
means will not become worn out by reason of
much repetition ; from ^ signifying " a worn-
out water-skin." (TA.)

4. tu'Sas. u* <U3I [He mas paltry, sorry, mean,
or niggardly, in his gift ;] he made his gift little,
or small. (TA.)

1*3: see «*U._ Also Insipid; tasteless; and

5 JJb (JK, S, L, K) and sJjU (Hr, L, K) and
(JK, L) Coriander-seed ; syn. 2*>=>-

(IAar, JK, §, L, K.) And Caraway-seed;

syn. £J^»- (IAar, Th, L, K.)

S-J«T**3 ly«» (JK, K,) inf.n. Jj-ils, (K,)
TA<^ matered their land with thick, or muddy,
water, [or wafer containing o*->>] (JK,* K,) rn
o?-(fcr </«at t< might become good. (K.)

4. '*JSB\, (K,) inf.n. oV53|, (JK, S,) t.y. i^-l
[7/c wMwfc it, or rendered it, (namely, a thing,
J K, or an affair, S and K,) firm, stable, strong,
solid, compact, sound, or free from defect or im-
perfection, by the exercise of skill; he made it
firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, so that it
was firmly and closely joined or knit together,
soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well;
he so constructed, constituted, established, settled,
arranged, did, performed, or executed, it ; he put
it into a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a
firm, solid, sound, or good, footing]. (JK, S,
K.) [And ei v >i5l signifies the same as aJuI : or
lie exercised, or possessed, the skill requisite for it ;
namely, an affair.] ;^i JL£» oJbl jJJJI, in the
Kur xxvii. 90, means Who hath created every-
thing firmly, strongly, solidly, &c., (Aiifc^jX*.!,)
and made it, fashioned it, or disposed it, t» the
fit, proper, or right, manner. (Bd.) [You say
also, <jU i>«3l, meaning He made his knowledge
sound; or made himself thoroughly learned.] And
Ait. <u*i\ He knew it, or learned it, (namely, a
tradition [&c.],) soundly, thoroughly, or well,
from him. (TA in art. ^>.)

2>i3 The aJCJ of water, (JK,Mgh,K,) in a
rivulet or in the channel of a torrent, (K,) in the
[season called] %^j ; (Lth, JK, Mgh ;) i. e.,
(Mgh,) [its sediment, or] the thick matter that
is borne by it [and that sinks to the bottom; used
for improving land]: (Lth, J K, Mgh:) and (K)

the Jjip of a well (Mgh,K) and of the channel

909

of a torrent ; i. e., the slime, mixed with black,
or black and fetid, mud; accord, to the Jami' of
El-Ghooree. (Mgh.) — A Mng by means of
which one subsists, and makes good, or improves,
the performance, or execution, or management, of
an affair; as iron, and other things, ofthejtAj*.
[i. e. precious stones, or native ores,] of the earth:
and anything by means of which a thing is made
good, or improved, is called its ^jii. (TA.) —

A skilful man: (JK,S,K:) pi. ouil. (TA.) —
[Hence, probably,] ^ [or ^jb ^\] is also the
name [or surname] of a certain man proverbial
for his excellence in shooting. (S, K. [In the
latter it is implied that this name or surname is
,j}li\.]) The nijiz says,

c& c*' >>? l^j 1 V; sj*.

[One more skilled in shooting tlian Ibn-Tihn

shoots it]. (S.) Nature, or natural disposition.

(JK,S,K-) You say, eJj ^* £^.U*Jt Chaste-
ness of speech, or eloquence, is [a quality] of his
nature. (S.)

Quasi (Ju : or, accord, to some, yU

1. JS, aor. , (T, S, K, in art. J^) and '- ,
(T,TA,) or ^,ii, aor. - , (Msb, [but the correct-
ness of this I greatly doubt, unless, as appears to
be the case, it is meant to be understood as an
intrans. verb,]) inf. n. ^j3, (§ and TA in art.
^i5, [which art. I find in only one copy of the
§>]) or t5^» ( K ») or *^> (Mfb, and also men-
tioned in the TA,) of which ^ is pi., or coll. n.,
(Kzz, IB, Msb,) and £i3 (K) and *.U3; (Lh,
K;) and ♦ L «53l, (T, ?,'M ? b, K,) inf.n. tUUI
(Msb) and [quasi-inf. n.] aJu and »Uw ; (9, art.
jjj ;) He feared God : (S and TA in art. ^iS :
all else that follows is from art. ^jij except where
reference is made to another art. :) or he was
cautious of a tiling; guarded, or was on his
guard, against it; prepared, prepared himself,
or was in a state of preparation, against it; or
feared it : (K :) or he loohed forward to a thing,
and guarded against it, sought to avoid it, or
mas cautious of it (T,TA.) [For other explana-
tions of the latter verb, which apply also to the
former, see art. (jJj.] "u«3l > 8 originally ^»^ i
(T, S ;) then ^yLl ; then ^Jj\ ; and when this
came to be much in use, they imagined the O
to be a radical part of the word, and made the
word .Jut, aor. jJUj, with fet-^ to the O in each
case, and without teshdeed ; and not finding any
analogue to it in their language, they said ^Ju,
aor. j^JtS, like ^^i aor. i _ 5 -a»i : (S :) or, as is
said in the T, they suppressed the t, and the j
changed into Ct, in ^Jul, and said ^JU, aor.
,yui. (TA.) A poet says, (namely, Khufiif I bn-
Nudbeh, TA,)

j - * t - * j - * 3 * *

^3w J^i V^» <J^-

or, as some read it, LJ tj, with the O movent,
but without teshdeed; (S;) and this latter, accord.

810

to IB, is the right reading. (TA.) [Sec this verse
explained in art. jj\.] IB adds that Aboo-Sa'ced
[app. meaning As] disallowed ^Jd, aor. ^jZ,
inf. n. ^yu ; saying that it would require the im-
perative to be J3I, which is not said ; and this,
he states, is right : [for] J says that the impera-
tive used is Ji [Fear thou, or beware tl>ou, &c],
as in aOl Ji [Fear tkou God] ; arid to a woman,
,j53 ; formed from the verb < Jj\, without tcsh-
decd, by the suppression of the I. ' (TA.)

4. *D »U3I U (S,TA) How great is hit reveren-
tial, or pious, fear of God! (TA.) »Uul U is

also said of a saddle, as meaning How good is it
for not galling the bach! (TA.)

8 : see 1, in two places ; and see also art. .J}.

■jfi: see ^yti.

SU3 : see ^yo, in two places. __ In the phrase
in the Kur [iii. 27], SUB J^L tyiEj £\ *Jj, it may
be an inf. n. [so that the meaning may be Unless
ye fear from them ivith a great fearing (see 1)] :
or it may be a pi. [app. of ^Jij, like as ltU» is
pi. of yj^, so that the meaning may be unless
ye fear from them, being fearful]: but it is better
to regard it as an inf. n. becauso another reading
i«i&3. (M,TA.)

a .
yju, applied to a man, (Msb, K, TA,) »'. q.

• " As

\J5 (TA) and »>m> (?) [Fearing; cautious; &c:

(see 1 :) and particularly having a reverential, or

pious, fear of God: or simply pious: or one who

preserves, or guards, himself, accord, to some,

exceedingly, or extraordinarily, from sin, either of

commission or of omission : (sec 8 in art. .Jj :)]

accord, to IDrd, one who preserves, or guards,

himself from punishment, [in the world to come],

and from acts of disobedience, by righteous con-

duct: from ^j-ii ^--Jj: said by the grammarians

to bo originally (jyT^ ; then, ,jyii : or, accord.

to Aboo-Bckr, [originally] of the measure Je*i,

as is indicntnd by the first of its pis. mentioned

below : but he who says that it is [originally] of

tlio measure Jyii says that it has that pi. because

it has become like a word [originally] of the

measure Jt»i : (TA :) or righteous, virtuous,

just, or honest; (Msb in art. ^yw;) contr. of

j*-\i : (idem in art. jf :) pi. tydl (Msb in art.

^yu, and K) and jlyii, (K,) which is cxtr., and

of a class disallowed by Sb, (TA,) [and app. also

•liu, q. v. supra.]

ie*j : see what next follows.

^ — J*

(sec 1 :) and particularly reverential, or pious,
fear of God : or simply piety : or the procrea-
tion, or guarding, of oneself, accord, to some,
exceedingly, or extraordinarily, from sin, either
of commission or of omission : or the preservation,
or guarding, of oneself from punishment in the
world to come, and from acts of disobedience, by
righteous conduct: or righteousness, virtue, justice,
or honesty: (see ,_£»:) its explanations in relation
to religion arc many and various, but are all re-
solvable into fear of God, or of sin; or the pre-
servation, or guarding, of oneself from sin :1 and
» <uaj and T jUu are syn. with each other (S) and
with ij^ij, (Msb,) and arc used as inf. ns. of
LJ* 5 ' : ( s and ^ij* 3 f als °] " syn. with (jyu ;
(S ;) or it is pi. of * i\Su, or a coll. n., (Kzz, IB,
Msb,) like as JU» is of I^i, (Kzz, IB,) and
as ^J,j is of AJ.J. (Msb.) ^lyli ^tf£, in
the Kur xlvii. 19, means And hath explained to
them, (Bd,) or suggested to them, (Jcl,TA,) what
they should fear, or that from which they should
preserve themselves: (Bd,Jel,TA:) or hath aided
them to practise their ^j'Jj : (Bd :) at hath given
them the recompense of their yj^iS. (Bd, TA.)
And ijytJI J*l yi, in the Kur lxxiv. last vcrsr,
means lie is entitled, or worthy, to be feared;
or to be reverentially, or piously, feared. (Bd,
Jcl, K-)

0>* t>? ,^1 yk [He is more fearing, or
cautious, &c, </(«» such a one; more reveren-
tially, or piously, fearful of God; or more pious;
ice.;] he has more ^yu than such a one. (TA.)

[Book I.

\£l&> or \£&> accord, to different readings in
the K"r ix. 110, (Bd,) [of which readings the
former is tho more common,] is originally Ca3
(¥0 [° r W] or [rather Q' 3t or £Jj, and then]
<S^3> of tne measure ^jXiU, from C-^j, (ISd,
TA,) or,^ accord, to MF, the right opinion is that
it is [^y^,] of the measure J^ii, (TA,) and is
thus transformed in order to make a distinction
between the subst. and the epithet such as C U.
and b j-o : (K :) it is a subst. from ^ytfl or .Jj ;
(Msb,K;) [and signifies Fear; caution; &c. :

10. i£Jl JLs-t, (IDrd,K,) or a&V, (Msb,)
He inserted the iC in [the double upper border
of] the drawers, or trousers. (IDrd, Msb, K.)
You say also, Hj^t Ji tS ... ; yi Z/e moAeJ use o/
a ah of silk. (A.)

•j

iCj Tlie ftand [</<a* u inserted in the double

upper border] of the drawers, or trousers; (IDrd,
K ;) [generally, a strip of cotton, which is often
embroidered at each end; sometimes, ofnet-worh;
and] sometimes, of silk : (A :) IDrd thinks it to
be an adventitious word, though used in ancient
times ; (TA ;) and IAmb says, I think it to be
arabicized : (Msb :) pi. JlO. (S, Msb, K.)

■&U The thing by means of which the 5£i is
insei-ted in [the double upper border of] the
drawers, or trousers. (TA.) [It is generally a
slender piece of wood, having at one end a loop
through which a portion of the 3S3 is passed.]

Quasi VCi
£C» &c. : see art. l£»j.

Quasi ja

1. aJc JjC, aor. - , a dial. var. of Jjijt. (Ibn-
'Abbad, K.) See art. J£>j: where, also, sec

1. <&', (T, S,» M, Msb, K,) aor. * , inf. n. Ji,
(M, Msb,) He prostrated him, or threw him
down; (T, S, M, Msb, K ;) [as some say,] upon
the J3: (TA.) or lie threw him down (M, K,
TA) upon his JJ3, i. e., (TA,) upon his neck,
and his cheek: (M, K,TA:) but the former is
the more approved ; and thus it is explained as
used in the phrase ,>»li) aUj [in the Kur
xvxvii. 103], (M,) and he prostrated him, or
threw him down, (Aboo-Is-h;ik, T, S, Bd,) upon
his side, so that the side of his forehead Jell upon
the ground; (13d;) or upon his mouth; (Kata-
deh, T ;) or upon his face. (Bd.) And iiUI Jj
He made the she-camel to lie down upon her
breast. (TA.) — He thrao it upon the ground :

said of any corporeal thing. (M.) JJ, aor. ^

(IAar, T,K) nad», (K,) [the latter anomalous
in this case, and doubtful,] also signifies He
poured (1 Aar,T,K,TA) into the hand of another.
(TA.) And »^i ^ i^b\ Jj He gave, or de-
livered, the thing to him: (M,KV) or he threw,
or put, the thing into his hand. (K.) The Pro-

phot says, >jof)\ ^l^i. -»JU^. C~3l^5li Ul Q

> ii. ' ' Vs. - - -
L?A! (^ •C^Si, i. e. [ While I was sleejnng, I had

the keys of the treasures of the earth brought to
me,] and they were poured into my hand: (IAar,
T, M :) or were thrown, or put, into my hand.
(lAmb.M.) — Also, (K,) inf. n. JJ, (M,) He
lowered, or let down, the rope into the well, (M,
Ki) with the hand, on the occasion if drawing
water. (M.) — ;^1 t ^ & ) [ U01 .. • f „, cl . on i to
rule,] He charged him, or upbraided him, with
an evil, or a fold, thing. (Th, M, K.) = Ji,
aor. - (IAar,T,M,K) and '- , (K,) [the latter
anomalous in this case, and doubtful,] He was, or
became, prostrated, or thrown down; (M,K;)
he fell, or fell down. (IAar, T, M, K.) = Jj
'oL^., (M, K,) aor. - (T, M, K) and * , (K,)
[the latter anomalous in this case also, and doubt-
ful,] inf. n. JJ, (T, M,) The side of his forehead
sweated, or exuded sweat. (M, K.) And in like
manner tlie verb is used in relation to a watering-
trough. (Lh,M.)s r- < - .U l is an imitative sequent
to viJLU>. (M.)

4 ' ^ l * JI ^ """ ma,le the fluid, or liquid, to

d7vp, or fall in drops. (K.)

R. Q. 1. iiHi, (S,) inf. n. iHi, (M.K,) He
moved him, agitated him., shook him, put him into
a state of motion or commotion ; (S, M, K ;) or
did so vehemently : (S, K, and Mgb in art. j3 :)
he shook him, or shook him violently, (namely, a
drinker,) and ordered him to breathe in his face,
that he might know whether he had drunk [wine
or the like], or not; (TA in this art. and art. J;)
as also »jjy t and aj*jo. (TA in the latter art.)

2"*-

— iUU also signifies Hard journeying : and
rough, or severe, or vehement, driving. (K.) You
sa y> J^v" J*^ The man was rough, or severe, or
vehement, in his driving. (M.)=.T^ i\ : Jj j s
[The tribe of] liakrd's pronouncing tlie O of

Book I.]

l^Lu3 withkesr; (M, £;) saying &£*£, and
^jjy^J, nn</ <Ae Z/Ae. (M.)

Jp, accord, to Lth, [and accord, to general

present usagej A mound, or hill, of dust, or

earth, [or rubbish,] pressed together, not natural :

but this is a mistake [if meant as an explanation

of the proper application], for with the Arabs it

signifies a natural hill: En-Nadr says that it is

of the entailer sort of j>\£s\ [pi. of i«J=>1] ; it is

of the height, of a house, or tent, and the breadth

of it* back is about ten cubits; it is smaller than

\ , ■ i

the \% e -*\, has fewer stones, gives growth to nothing

good, and its stones arc compacted together exactly

like those of the S^£s\ : (T :) [the mound, or

artificial hill, ahovc mentioned, is what is meant

by its being said,] the Jj of dust, or earth, is

well known : and the word signifies also a heap

of sand: (M,I£:*) in both of these senses from

^iJI signifying " the throwing upon the ground"
anything of a corporeal kind: (M:) also a hill
(M, IS., TA) overtopping what is adjacent to it :
(TA:) pi. [of pane] J$'l (M, TA) and Jit
(TA) and [of mult.] J^3 (T, S, Msb, K) and
Jjil (TA.) sea Also A pillow: pi. J0, which
is extr. : or the pi. signifies certain sorts of cloths,
or of garments : (K, TA :) or, as some say, of
pillows. (TA.)

dJo [inf. n. un. of 1, by Golius erroneously
written <U3, and wrongly explained by him,] A
tingle act of pouring [&c.]. (T, K.)_/l single
act of lying upon the side. (K.)sssSco also
3XJ3.

tf

iX> A mode, or manner, of lying upon the side.

(Ft, K.)_ .Sluggishness, laziness, or indolence.

(Ft, T, £.) A state, or condition. (S, M, K.)

You say, ••-> il^> y> He is in an evil state or
condition; liko as you say ty 5i~j : (S :) and
*ya iU; ob lie passed the night in an evil state
or condition. (M.) _ A thing ; as in the saying,
»yj aX^f <Uj [cx]>laincd above] : see 1. (Th, M,
£.)—"/. q. 1%, (T,M,) or jXt, as also *ji3:
(J£ :) Abu-s-Scmeyda' says that Ji3 and Jjl/ and
3X> and iX/ arc all one [l. c. Moisture], (T.)
One says, [a pp. to a person suspected of having
drunk wine or the like,] i \ , Jy iXJ\ »JJk U i.e. iXJI
[What is this moisture in thy mouth?]. (T, M.)

JJJ : see iJd.

J"&JI in the phrase J^JUJI &t JV-aJI y> is an

imitative sequent. (S, K.)

i »
JJIj Prostrated, or tArown rfonm ; as also

* J^JUi : (IAar, T, M, TS. :) [pi. of the former
jjU, like as ^j-o is pi. of £>/*0, and ^jJUS of

j«3, &c. ; as in the phrase] ^3 j>£ A company
of men prostrated, or thrown down. (M,K.) =
The neck: (T,M,]£:) and the cheek: (TA:)
pi. [of pauc.] i£»1 and [of mult] jli and J5^i.

(M, $.) You say, o^-^> pJ*^> Jt^ 4 [lie

fe. ' •

has a neck like the trunk of the tall palm-tree],

(TA.)

J3 — JJ13

i)*)LJI is an imitative sequent to il^UsJI. (T,*

s,m,«so

3X33 inf. n. of R. Q. 1 [q. v.] Also Hard-
ship, difficulty, distress, or adversity : (M, K :)
pl- \J3^3, (TA,) signifying hardships, difficulties,
&c. ( Aboo-Tunib, T, S, M.)i=A drinking-vesscl
that M wiar/c o/<Ae envelope (JJUe*, S, or .UeS, M
and K) of the spadix of a palm-tree ; (S, M, K ;)
so called because what it contains is poured into
the throat; (T;) as also tili: (M, IS. :) it is
said that j-J is drunk with it. (TA.)

S- . ' . . . S '

JU is an imitative sequent to JL«. (T,*S,

M,ȣ.)
*

ji« .4. place of prostrating. (TA.)

i.

,JSa [as a subst.] A thing with which one pros-
trates: (M,K:) and hence a spear: (Msb:) and
[as an epithet], applied to a spear, with which one
prostrates: (T,*S, M :) or, applied to a spear,

erect; or even and erect. (K.) Strong; (S,

M, K ;) applied to a man and to a camel (M, K,
TA) &.c. (TA.)__ A man erect in prayer: (T,
M, K. :) so accord, to Lth, who cites the saying,

* * « » d - - > *> ,
* jt\J S^Lall C>>fci Jl^-j •

, i , i.

but this is a mistake ; for ^j^iSJ is from .JLi, and

means, who make prayer to follow prayer. (T.)

^)XU One who prostrates much, or often ; who
does so by twisting his leg with the leg of another.
(T.)

• >»• *

J^Aio : sec JJJ.

Q. 4. w>"iljl : &c. : sec art. «_-X>.

311

^*jU i. q. if}\ [At the present time; now]:
(As, K:) the O is added, as in ^>«a*J. (A'Obcyd
&c.) See art. ,^>jI.

Q. Q. 4. w>ybl, (T, S, M, &c.,) inf. n. ^£iXi\,
(S, K,) It (a thing, M, or an affair, or a case, S,
Ijl, or a road, A) was, or became, uniform or
undeviating, (A,) right, or rightly directed or
ordered: (S, M, A,£:) or (M) t'< (a thing, M,
or a road, S, K) ma*, or became, extended, (Ft,
T, S, M, A, K,) and right, direct, even, or uni-
form : (S, M, K :*) or (M) it (a thing, M) mas,
or became, set up, or erect. (M, A, K.) You say,

(.Jj^JbJI^.y/ v^*^* U>* [^Aey went along, and
the road was, or became, uniform, &c., with them;
i. c., rAct'r road was, or became, uniform, &c.].
(A.) And^kj^t 4*^' [2V*c»*r affair, or wwc,
maj or became, right, or rightly directed or
ordered]. (A.)__J/ig (an ass) raised his breast
and head. (S,]£.) This verb and its deriva-
tives are mentioned in the [T and] S and IS. in
the present art. ; but they arc held by [ISd and]
IB to be radically quadrilitcral. (TA.)

JJj Loss; or the state of being lost ; or perdi-

*»' »* i>'

tion. (A, IS..) One says, U3 a) ly, (Lth, T,) or

LA3j <J L5 [which may be rendered May God
decree lots and perdition to him], (J£.)

S^iiS a subst. (S, M, K) from ^Sp\ ; (Fr,
T, S, M, K ;) [signifying The state of being uni-
form or undeviating, right, ice.;] liko i^iU^

[fromoU»l]- (TA.)

* 't,
^Jy, perfectly deck [when used as a proper

name as well as when used as an appellative],

because it is of the measure J*y ; (So, S ;) for

we judge its o to be a radical, and its ^ to be

augmentative, l>ccausc J*>i is more common [as

the measure of a noun] than J«I5 ; (M ;) but

accord, to Suh, the o is a substitute for j, and,

if so, it should be mentioned in art. ^Jj ; (TA;)

A young ass ; syn. ^,»i>. : (S, K :) or tlie foal

of a wild ass, when he has completed a year.

(M.) And >^-)y >t is an appellation given to
The she-ass. (S.) __ The former is sometimes
metaphorically applied to J A [young] man : (M :)
or a boy. (S.)

i ...

* r -U£« [Uniform or undeviating,] right, or

rightly directed or ordered [&c. : see the verb] ;
as also yo JL,..». (As, T.) Also applied to a rule,
(A, TA,) as meaning Uniform., undeviating, or
of general application; uniformly, or constantly,
obtaining. (TA.)

wJU [app. pl. of ■ n .JU« or V JU«] The placet
where a wound causes death; syn. JJUU. (I Aar,
T.)

e 31

Quasi ~JJ
-Jy : sec art. «Jj.

A51 : and ~J v i sec art.

JJ13

1. JJL3, aor. - (T, S, M, Msb, K) andi, (T,S,
M,$,) inf. n. >yj; (S,M, Msb.Iy ;) [and ♦Jill;
(see Ham p. 699 ;)] It (property, 'consisting of
camels or tl>e like, syn. JU, T,S, M, &c.) mas,
or became, otd, or long-possessed ; (Msb ;) such
as is termed y^J. (T, S, M, Msb, $.) jii

UjU* ^)"j)ii SucA a one was born of parent* at

* * » *

our abode, or home. (L.) _ And jjj, (T, 8,

M, ?:,) aor. ' , (M, ^,) inf. n. as above ; (T, L ;)

and jJLJ, aor. - ; (K ;) He remained, stayed,

abode, or dwelt, (As, T, S, M, £,) Q"^S ^ ^

among the sons of such a one, (S,) and ^yitt
among them, (M,) and £}£++ in a place. (As, T,
L.) s= See also 2.

2. j03, (IAar,T,?,) inf. n. J^ii; (?;) or
♦jJ3 ; (so in the L as on the authority of I Aar,
and accord, to Lb. as is said in the TA ;) i. q.
*+**. and *~* [app. as meaning He collected and
defended property] ; (IAar, T, L, K ;) said of a
man. (IAar, T, L.)

4. j05l, (T,S,L,) and «$U jJUl, (T,M,Msb,
K,) He got, obtained, or acquired, (JuLJI,) pro-
perty [such as is termed i"^3, as is implied in the
T and M and K] : (T, S, L, Msb :) or he possessed

312

property such at it termed ?$3. (So accord. 10
the explanation of the act. part, n., q. v., in the
Mgh.)

8 : see L

jJb: see >*ju, in two places.

jSj: see yjJ, in two places. — Also The young
one of an eagle. (M,K.)

JdD : see y& : and Jui3.

* -

3^3, applied to JU [i. e. property, consisting
of camels or the like], (T, 8, M, &c.,) Old, or
long-possessed ; as also "jJU and *J~Jo, (Mgh,
Msb,) both of these meaning old, original, pro-
perty, (A,) and * jXj> : (L :) or original, old, or
long-possessed, born at one't own abode, or home ;
as also t jJO and * >^L3I : (S :) eontr. of «J>1&

(S, A, Mgh, Msb) am* JL.> : (Mgh, Msb :) or
born at the owner' t abode, or house; or f/*«t brings
forth there; (M,K;) as also Ou (K) and
♦jJJ and tjii (M, K) and *Jjb' (£) and »Jji
and t Jjjjl, (M,K,) IikoJCt, (M, [in the CK
written >*>IJI, and so accord, to the MS,]) and
"jJJU; (M,K; [written in a copy of the M
jJl U ;1) wherefore, [i. e. because of the meaning,]
Yaakoob judges that the O is a substitute for _> ;
[as is said to be the case in the S ;] but this is
not a valid decision ; for, were it so, the word in
some of its variations would be reduced to its
original : (M :) or any old, or long-possessed,
property, (T, M,L,) consisting of animals &c,
(M, L,) inherited from parents; (T, M, L;) as
also Od (T,L) and *J^li and *JjLU (T,M,L
[the last written in a copy of the T jjJLo, and in
a copy of the M jl£«,]) and IjM and ▼jJb and
*i^5J» as al>ove : (M :) or slaves, or pasturing
beasts, that Irreed at one's own abode, or home,
and become old, or long possessed: (ISh, as related
by Sh :) or that which you yourself breed, or
rear. (As , T.) [See also j^i, below. _ Hence,]
\S}")3 O* 0*> said by a man, (namely, Ibn-
Mes'ood, M,) in reference to certain chapters
( jy->) of the Kur-an, meaning J They are of
those which J acquired (or learned, L) long ago
from the Kur-an : (S, M, L :) thus saying, he
likened them to the property, or camels &c,
called }*)3. (M, L.) _ [Az says,] I heard a man
of Mekkeh say, i£^ (JiS^i >• e. yjf&t* [»PP-
meaning My birth was in Mehheh], (T.)

t • '

JrXi : see yjJ, in three places Also That

which it born at the abode, or home, of another
than thyself, and which, while young, thou after-
wards purchases!, and which remains with thee :
(As,T:) or one who is born in a foreign country,
and is carried away while young to the territory
of the Arabs : (Mgh :) or one who is born in a
foreign country, and then brought away while
young, and who grows up in the territory of the
Muslims; (S, K;) as also tjjj : (K :) or i.q.
jjy» and ijiy*, [inasc. and fern.,] meaning one
that is born at thine own abode, or home : (ISh,
T: [see ulso t^J :]) or one who has parents
at thine own abode, or home; whereas jJj-o sig-

jJJ — JUS

nifies one who has only one parent there: (Mgh,
from the Tekmileh [of the 'Eyn]:) the fern, is
with 5 ; (S ;) signifying a female slave who is
born in a foreign country, and is carried away,
and grows up in the territory of the Arabs: (Kt,
T :) or a female slave whose father and family
and all her relations are in one country and w'\.
is herself in anotlier : (ISh, L in art. jJj :) or a
female slave born the property of a people with
whom are her parents : (L in art. jJj :) or a
female slave inherited by her owner ; if born at
his own abode, or home, [of a mother already
belonging to him,] she is called i jJj : (T, L :)

you say jlJU J*-j\ pi. itjJj : and jJS St^ct [and

5 jji] ; pi. £& (Lb., M, L) and JjJ. (Lh, L.)
It is related in a trad, of Shureyh, that a man

purchased a female slave, and the two parties

' a ' *
made it a condition that she should be a S j)y» ;

but the purchaser found her to be a 3jlJJ, and

therefore returned her : (S, Mgh :) a 5 jiy is
like a j^tf, i. e. born at thine own abode, or
home ; (S ;) or born in the territory of the Mus-
lims. (Mgh.) __ Also, metaphorically, I A child,
absolutely. (Har p. 317.)

• * • ' # # • *

jJU : see y$3, in four places. _ jJU jJU : sec

art jJo.

• '• • r* 5 • ; ••

ij3i, by some written a>3l s sec >>5, in three

places.

jXU, applied to JU, (S, Msb,) pass. part. n.
of 4 : (Msb :) see }"%>, in three places. _
[Hence,] Jdiu jil, (M, L, TA,) in the K, j&,

said to be like ^hiio, but this is a mistake, (TA,)

• • * •> > >

[and in the C£, JX*. is erroneously put for JJli.,]

fAn old, or a long-possessed, natural disposition,

or quality. (M, L, K.) I Aar cites as an ex. this

verse:

*•' st ,• * * *
• a-** jA Jli-» Ujjj li U •

,n » t « • #» •

* jjL-0 JfcJ-ci-J ^O- 1 *- " **-< O-* *

[app. meaning TFAaf Aas 6een experienced from
us, on thy part, Umm-Maqbad, of largeness of
forbearance, and of long-possessed good natural
dispositions, or qualities? ibjj seems to be here
used for Ujjj; or the latter may be the correct
reading]. (M, L.)

jjJL« [act. part. n. of 4:] A possessor of pro-
perty such as is termed y$3 : and hence, A

first owner or proprietor; as the weaver of a
piece of cloth, and the man who delivers his she-
camel [and is owner of her young one]. (Mgh.)

High, or elevated, land or ground : (AO,
S, K :) and low, or depressed, land or ground :
(AO, S, Msb, K :) thus bearing two contr. sig-
nifications, (S, K,) accord, to AO : (S :) or it
has not these significations, but means a water-
course from the upper part of a valley to its
lower part; therefore sometimes its ujyper part
is described [by this name], and sometimes its
lower part: (IAar,IB,TA:) or it has the second
of the significations above, (Msb, K,) and the

[Book I.

first, (K,) and signifies also a water-course (Msb,
K)from the upper part of a valley: (Msb:) and
also, (]£,) or, accord, to IDrd, (TA,) the wide
part of the mouth of a valley : and a high, or an
elevated, piece of land or ground: (IDrd, 50
sometimes, says IDrd, it has this last application ;
out the former is the original signification : (TA :)
it is also said to signify high, or elevated, and
rugged, land or ground, in which tlic torrent goes
to and fro, and from which it then pours to
another *xi5, lower than it ; and which is fertile
in plants, or herbage : (L, TA :) or a water-
course from the higher part of the ground to the

bottom of a valley : (AA, S :) pi. c"}U (AA, S,

« —
Msb, K) and oUJu : (K :) and, (K,) or, accord.

to Sh, (TA,) c'jjj signifies water-courses flowing

from acclivities and the [eminences termed] JUJ
and the mountains, until they pour into the valley:
(Sh, K:) to which Sh adds, the iaJJ of the moun-
tain being formed by the water's coming and fur-
rowing and excavating it until it escapes from it:
(TA :) but c^U are nowhere except [the word

"5)1 has been dropjicd in the CK] in t/ie ^jUms
[or deserts]; (Sh,K;) and sometimes a 2sd3 come*
from a distance of five leagues (-^— ilji) to the

valley; and when it flows from the mountains, and
fall* into the ^jU»o [or deserts], it excavates
in them wluit resembles a moat : when it becomes
so larae as to be like the half, or two thirds, of

the valley, it is termed A«t* '• (Sh, TA:) isJu is

• ** ^ •«• «
also said to be like <L»-j [i. c. <L».j or <U».j,

app. as mcuning the part of a valley in which its
water fiows into it from its two sides] ; and the
pi. [or rather coll. gen. n.] is said to be *A5.
(TA.) It is said in a trad., )UZ«j ^) ft** £,«a»~»
<L&U ^jj <U« [And a rain will come, in corise-
quence of which the end of a water-course will
not be impeded] : meaning to denote its abundance,
and that no place will be exempt from it. (TA.)
And in a prov., iaJu «_*ii ai«j *) ^j$j [Such
a one will not impede the end of a water-course] :
(K,*TA:) applied to the abject and contemptible.
(K.) And in another, (ISh,) iuiij J^. Jj! ^
[/ do not, or will not, trust in the flow of thy
water-course] : applied to him in whom one does
not trust: (ISh, K:) i.e. I do not, or will not,
trust in what thou sayest, and what thou adduccst :
characterizing the person as a liar. (ISh.) And
in another, (IAar,) ^JtJJ J--> &* "^1 JU.I U
[/ fear not save from the flow of my water-
course] : i. e., from the sons of my uncle, and my
relations: (IAar, K:) for he who descends the
water-course is in danger: if the torrent come, it
sweeps him away. (IAar.)

wSJJ

1. Jjl3, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. - , (K.) inf. n.

JLii, (Lth, T, S, M, &c.,) He, or it, (a thing,
Lib, T, S, Msb, of any kind, Lth, T,) perished,
passed away, was no!., was no more, became non-
existent or annihilated; or went away, no one knew
rchither ; or became in a bad, or corrupi, slate ;
became corrupted, vitiated, mailed, or spoiled;
[in this sense the verb is often used in the present

Book I.]

day;] or he died: syn. iLU; (M,K;) and of
the inf. n., ^i* (Lth, T,) and j^ii. (Lth,T,
S.) [See also \JJJ, below.]

4. *iS3\ He caused him, or it, (a thing, S,
Msb, or piopcrty, M,) to perish, pass away, or
be no -ore ; or to go amay, no one knew whither;
or to become corrupted, vitiated, marred, or
spoiled: (S, II :) or he made it (his property, T)
to pass away, come to an end, come to nought, or
be exhausted; destroyed, wasted, consumed, or
exhausted, it ; (T, K;) by prodigality. (T.) [Sec
an ex. in a verse of Ibn-Mukbil cited voce oUU.1.]
_ El-Farczdak says,

* * * " *

• lyJbl^lA^JILUJtiv!^ *

(so in the T and L,) or

(so in some copies of the k,) or ^\ji Uxl^ j3 ,
(so in other copies of tho K and in die TA,) or
^h\ji tiii jS, (so in the O,) i. e., [accord, to tlie
different readings, Horn many a generous com-
pany of men has there liccn, or liom many guests
of the night have there been, to whom we have
brought their entertainment, and] we have found
the fates to be destructive, (T, K,*) and they have
found them to be so: (T :) it is like the phrase
iuU-Jl* £yj l£l and iulll: (TA:) or we found
tlte fates to destroy us, and they found tliem to
destroy them : or we made the fates to be destruc-
tion to them, and they made them to be destruction
to us: (lSk,K:) he means, we engaged with
them in vehement fight, and slew them. (TA.)

\JlX3 A perishing, passing away, &c. [Sec 1.]
(Lth, T, 8, &c.) It is said in a trad., (TA,) ,>• .-,1
^iXZi\ i*ijii\ (T, TA) Verily, from the being near
to pestilence, or epidemic disease, there results
death, or perdition. (T.) And in a prov., JLl.JI
«JU3 [The paying for a thing beforehand is a
cause of perishing to one's property]. (TA.)
And one says, lib LLkJ c~*i and uii, (8, K,)
both meaning the same, (8,) His blood went for
nothing, or as a thing of no account, unretaliated,
and uncompensated by a mulct. (8, K.)

Jtf, (M,) or * Jui3, (Msb, TA,) part n. of 1,

Perishing, &c; (M, Msb,» TA;) as also *0^>
which is post-classical. (TA.)

iiSj A [hill, mountain, or mass of rock, such

# • *

as is termed] i-i*, difficult of access, so that he
mho attempts it fears perdition, or death. (El-
Hejeree, M.)

£*■}

UUU: J

• * J * >

see JUJ.

A place of perishing or perdition : (K :)
a [desert such as is termed] SjUU ; (S, K ;) because
most of those who traverse it perish ; and so
▼iAJJU; (TA;) or the latter signifies a [desert
such a* is termed] jtS -. (M :) the pi. of the
former [or of both] is JtfU. (TA.)
Bk.1.

JU3 — ^3

<0l»J \J X U J»y, (Msb,) or *u»Jlio J^-j, and

l^fjiJU, (M,) A man who destroys, or wastes,
his property: (M :) or the last has an intensive
signification, (Msb,) meaning who destroys, or
wastes, his property much. (S.) You say also,
JL& JuJLi JjLj, (K, and Har p. 312,) or

# ft* *' * m \ * ' *

T tJkU« uUU» », (TA in art. »JUU.,) and o^U^e,
*w_j"il^o, (K, and Har ubi supra,) meaning t1 man
q/" courage and liberality, who makes what he
takes as spoil, of the property of his enemies, to
supply t/te place of that which he consumes by
expenditure to satisfy the claims of his friends.
(Har ubi supra.)

* : see tho next preceding paragraph, in
two places.

see iJUL.«. __ Also A deep hollow,
cavity, or pit, where one looks down upon destruc-
tion. (M.)

o>io : sec U UyU, in two places.

J >»' *i." r. t "'

oyJU [t.7. ^Jii«, q. v. ; 1. e.] contr. of^jjjx* :
but this is post-classical. (TA.)

JU3

-iUj and iU5 and ^UU : see art. U.

J^3

Q. 1. JxJu J/e n«w, or became, a ju«JLi [or
disciple, tec], &$*> to such a one. (TA, passim.)

jk^Jb A disciple; a pupil; a learner: or a
special servant of a teacher: so says 'Abd-El-
Kadir El-Baghdadee, who composed a treatise
solely on this word: (MF, TA:) or simply a
servant ; a follower ; a dependant : pi. j^ljb
(L, TA) [and U*$Z\.

1. ^3 He followed ; or went, or walked, behind,
or after. (IAar, T.) You say, 43^X3, (8, M,
Msb, S,) aor. ' , (S, Msb,^,) inf.n. ^3 (S, M,
Msb,$) and ^15, (Er-RAghib, MF,) I followed
him or it ; or went, or walked, behind, or o/ier,
him or it; (S, M, Msb, K;) namely, a man [&c.];
(S, Msb;) immediately, or without intervention ;
and sometimes it means bodily [or t'n reality] ; and
sometimes, virtually, or t'n e/fect : (Er-Rdghib :)

and so *^J13; (K;) and *4^i3, (As,»T,«?,)
inf. n. aJUi. (K.) The phrase, in the Kur xci. 2,
U^|L3 I3I >»iJI_) means i?y < he moon when its rising
follows the rising thereof; i. e., the rising of the
sun ; at the beginning of the lunar month : (Bd :)
or, when it follows in rising the setting thereof,
(Bd, J el,) on the night of the full moon : (Bd :)
or, when it follows it in becoming round, and in
fullness of light; (M,* Bd ;) i. e., w/ien it follows
it in the way of imitation, and in respect of rank;
for the moon borrows its light of the sun, and is
to it in the place of a successor. (Er-Raghib.)
Here, Ks pronounced W$3 with imaleh, [either
because c-JG is a dial var. of OjA3, or] because,
although it has ^ for its last radical letter, it

313

occurs with words that may be so pronounced,

namely, Uliiu and \i\Z. (M.) JjNI o^i3

\I drove, or brought, or gathered, the camels
together, from their several quarters: because
the driver follows the driven. (A, TA.)_ -**
U^li jLj He imitates such a one, and follows
what he does; he follows him in action. (T.) __
•#, (T,) first pers. o^li, (8, M, Msb, £,) aor. < ,
(T,) inf n. SJyb, (T, 8, M, Msb, 1^,) He read, or
perused, or he recited, (T, M,^,) the Kur-dn,
(S, M, Msb, K,) or any discourse, or piece of
language : (M, £ :) or he followed it, (I 'Ab, T,
8,* M,) and did according to it ; (I ' Ab, Mujdhid,
T ;) namely, the Scripture : (I 'Ab, Mujdhid,
T, M :) or the inf. n. specially signifies the fol-
lowing God's revealed Scriptures, sometimes by
reading, or perusing, or by reciting, and some-
times by conforming therewith [as well as by
reading, &c, but not otherwise, for] every »yj3
is »i\ji, but the reverse is not the case. (Er-
Rdghib, TA.) [You say also, 4l» 'p He recited,
or related, to him a narrative &c. : see Kur v. 30,
&c] And yjs ^jift £i± jyS, and 4i* J&,
Such a one lies, or says what is false, against such
a one. (TA.) 0^^1)1 Jlj U tji3f a ', in tho
Kur ii. 96, means [And they followed] what the
devils related, or rehearsed, ('Ata, T,) or spoke;
(A 'Obeyd, T ;) or, what the devils of the Jinn,
or of mankind, or of both, read, or recited, or
what they followed, of the writings of enchant-
ment : (Bd :) some here read *jJuj. (T.) Hence
the saying, c-eA3 ^ C+iji *): (T:) or, accord,
to Yoo, it is *«ijL>l •)}: (T, 8 :) and others say
that it is o^iiST'jj, from ojil. (T. [See these
three readings explained in the latter part of tho
first paragraph of art jj I.]) = He remained be-
hind, or held back. (IAar, ISk, T.) You say,
a-e^j jjli ^L3 He held back, or lagged behind,
after his people, or company, and remained. (TA.)
And iiyb', (AZ, A'Obcyd,T,S,M,K,) ando>U

'<£, (AZ, T, M, K,) aor. -' , (AZ, T,) inf. n. jis,
(AZ, T, M,) / left him, and held back from going
with him : ( AZ, T :) 7" held back from him, or
from aiding him, and left him : (AZ, A 'Obeyd,
T, 8, M, K :) thus the verb bears two contr. sig-
nifications. (K.)==Jfe bought a ^J, meaning
the young one of a mule. (IAar, T, K.) am C^U

■•J* L5*»- O*, Jt> and h*&> aor ' " » ( ISk > ?»)
inf. n. >3, (TA,) There remained to me, of my
right, or due, a remainder. (ISk, S.) And *z~X>
iJj ojse- ^J There remained to me, with him, or
t/tere remained owing to me by him, a remainder.
(As, T.) And \±£> lli\ ^ /JJ, (M, K,) inf. n.

^IL3, (M,) There remained, of the month, such a
portion. (M, K.)

2 : see 1, in two places. -"^'- ali^ ^iL' yk
He demands, and seeks to obtain, the remainder
of that which he wants. (T.) __ *3^L» J)3, (T,
M, K,) inf. n. <y£5, (K,) He made his prayer
to be followed by other prayer : (T :) or he made
his prescribed prayer to be followed by superero-
gatory prayer. (Sh, M,K.) — ,jb, inf.n. as
above, [is also said to signify] He stood erect for

40

314

prayer. (TA. [But see J^», in art. JJ.] — Also
lit accomplished, or fulfilled, his vow. (IAar,

M, K.) And He was at the last gasp. (AZ,

S, M, K.) an Sec also 4.

3. »*^)U, inf. n. 5"^Uc, t. 17. aL>Ij [meaning,
»U*Jl ^i, i. e. 77e relieved him, or atcferf Aim, in
singing, by taking up the strain when the latter
was unable to prolong his voice sufficiently for
the accomplishing of the cadence; or he did so
with a high voice : see JV£*, below]. (TA.)

4. »Ot <cJo\ 7 wa</<; Aim to follow him ; or, :V
to /otfow ft. (M,K.) Hence, (TA,) drf i"*3l
•^Ul»l God mnrf« Aim, or may Ood make him,
to have little children following him. (S, TA.)

ft tSt

And oJOl jSA« (a camel) Anrf /«■/■ young one
following her : (S, K :) whence the saying, *v)
C^JLil ^j 0~>j>; accord, to Yoo: (S :) but see 1,
where two other readings arc mentioned, with
a reference to the explanations. — [Hence also,]
<C^L)I I preceded him, outwent him, outstripped him,
or #o< ftr/ore Aim. (S.) And <w\jt ^^a. o^JJI oJj U
7 ceased not to follow him until J became before
Aim. (S.)__»ju^ L J^ w^JDI 7 /c/2 a remainder
o/" my </«c roifA Aim. (S, K.) And » Juc c-s~U1
ilu 7 /r/i n>i<A Aim a remainder (T, M) 0/ a
thing, or of a debt, or 0/ a needful thing. (M.)
— O*^ l«^* *^A3I 7 referred him, or turned
him over, for the payment of what was oiving to
him, to such a one, transferring the responsibility
for the debt to the latter. (T,S,»K.») — fr&
•Ui 77« >7av0 Aim a bond, or an obligation, whereby
he became responsible for his safety : (S, K :)
and »"iUI alone (T, M,K) signifies the same;
(T ;) he gave him what is termed »^i, (M, K,)
i. e. ili, (K,) or tjh>»>, (M,K,) and meaning
also an arrow on which was written his (the
giver's) name, (K,* TA,) in order that, when
he went to a tribe, he might show it to them,
and they would not harm him : (TA :) and Otf I
Uv-> t he gave him an arrow whereby to demand
protection, (M, K, TA,) in order that he might
not be harmed: and ^ju t^UI he gave him a
sandal for that purpose : (TA :) and it means
t he made him his yb [or follower], and his com-
panion. (TA.) ^ijj, also, signifies, like yjtil,
He gave him his bond, or obligation, by which
he became responsible for his safety. (TA.)

5. ^jfcj He sought repeatedly, or in a leisurely
manner, or by degrees, (T, S, M, K,) to obtain
his right, or duo, until he received it fuUy, or
wholly, (T,S,) or to obtain a thing. (M,K.)
_ 77e collected much wealth. (IAar, T.) __
ojut !•*•» C-JUJ 7 fe/2 roi<A Aim, or in Am
possession, somewltat remaining of my right, or
</««. (IAar, T.) BBS iSomewAa/ remained of his
debt. (IAar.T.)

6. jyt'ty wJUJ The things, or events, were
consecutive; they followed one another. (M, K.)
And UUJ J«aOt o>U. TAe horses, or horsemen,
came consecutively. (§.)

10. J^^Jl *^S-I 77e, or ir, invited him to

follow the thing. (M,K.)__U:& c4&-»> 7
tftoife such a one to follow me. (IAar, T.)_
And 7 looked for, expected, awaited, or waited
for, such a one. (IAar, T.) = U^U ^jl^-d also
signifies t He sought, or demanded, of such a one,

the arrow of protection [called S$3, q. v.]. (TA.)

## if -

13 : see SJJ.

• »

^3 A thing that follows another thing: (K. :)
and a follower of another man. (TA.) See also
JO. JiJyi JJ means That which follows the
thing: (S:) and l«U ^Ju IJj^, r/ii*- « what follows

this. (M.) [Hence,] aJUI lij TVie shc-cameVs
young one that follows her : (S :) and ^JL3 [alone]
a ewe'*, or she-goat's, (M,) or she-camels, (K,)
young one when weaned, and following the mother;
pi. *^JL3t ; and fem. with i : (M, ly :) and the
young one of the ass; (M,K;) because he follows
his mother: (M :) and the young one of a mule :
(IAar, T, KL :) and, accord, to En-Nadr, a kid,
and a lamb, that has become large in the stomach
or belly (i^j&wt) and in no need of his mother;
fem. with I : (T :) or the fem. signifies a she-kid
that has passed beyond the limit of those that are

termed jUm>1 [pi. of^^A*., q. v.], (M, K,) until
she has completed a year [from her birth] and so
become a c J^>-. (M.) And a i^iJ of sheep or goats
is One that is by-ought forth, or that brings forth,
[the verb is -.<.:."i, which has both of these mean-
ings,] befo re the Zjjiuo [q. v.]. (S, K.)sss Also
771V7A, or lofty. (K.) One says, jljioJI >UJ *il
Verily he, or it, is high, or lofty, in measure.
(TA.)

lyj A 6o«a*, or on obligation, by which one
becomes responsible for the safety of another: (S,
M, £ :) and an arrow upon which the giver
writes his name, (M, K, [in the CK, i«JU«3t is
eiToneously put for ( Ji»)l,]) and which he gives
to a man, who, when he goes to a tribe, arid shows
it to them, passes unmolested: (M:) and, accord,
to IAmb, responsibility, or suretiship. (TA.) _
Also The transfer of a debt, or of a claim, by
shifting the responsibility from one person to
another. (Z, TA.)

It-

}X3 A man incessantly following : (IAar, M,

K. :) not mentioned by Yaakoob among the in-
stances of this measure which he has limited;

;is y- m. and y~». (M.)

8 - • *

. Si [accord, to the CK, erroneously, i_U,]

Using many oaths (oUi^l j~-&) • and Having
much wealth. (IAar, T, K.)

aJJ [accord, to the CK, erroneously, 2*13,]
and f i&3 (ISk, T, S, M, K) and t -^ (M, TA)
A remainder (ISk,T,S,M,K) of a thing, (M,) or
of aright or due, (ISk, S,) or of a debt, (S, M,
K,) and of a thing wanted, (ISk and T in ex-
planation of the second word, and M,) &c. (K.)
One says also, w>u£)t 2*13 C~*S t The remainder
of youthfulness, or youthful vigour, departed.
(TA.) And jlj-^l &3 0$ I[5mcA a one is the
last remaining of the ingenuous]. (TA.)_*5j

[Book I.

1Jl£> alio \jj» Such a thing happened after such
a thing. (M.)

sy$3 : see iJu.

j^^Jb A kind of boat: (M,K:) of the measure

J^ii, (M, TA,) or J^iii : (TA:) so called
because it follows the larger vessel: mentioned
by Aboo-'Alec in the Tcdhkirch. (M.)

^j^iil Vilkj One who reads, peruses, or recites,
the Kur-an, or n»Ao follows it, or ac<» according
to it, much, or often. (Mgh.)

J13 act. part. n. of "£i ; Following ; going, or

walking, behind, or after; [immediately, or

without intervention ; cither in reality, or only

in c/fre<; (sec 1;)] (T, Msb ;) as also tjjb.

(Msb.) ,Jl£jl The fourth of the ten horses that

are started together in a race. (TA voce C « «fc» &c,

t # •
and Ham p. 4G.)_Also, (Sh,TA voce «.jw>«,)

and ^»-JI ,jH5 [meaning 7%e follower of the
Pleiades], (Kzw,) <Ac .<<«;• ca/Ata olK«*"- (S«>>

Kzw.) And j>)Lh\ OUU T/ic tart of the

stars; [apj>. <Ae /«.«* <Aa< arc seen in the morning-
twilight;] (TA;) as also ^}^ ; (M, TA.)
[oUli and Jty arc both pis. of iJU, fern, of

JO.] __ ^Jl^Jt also signifies TAc ia*< of women
journeying in vehicles upon camels; (M,K;) and
in like manner, of camels. (M.)___ Ako Hinder
parts, posteriors, or rumps : and the hinder parts
of horses: or (of a horse, M) the tail and kind

legs. (M,K.) One says, ^'^Jl i-ilj Z\ and
^jJlyJI %ij-> [app. meaning Verily he is quick in
<Ae hind legs]. (M.) And the Arabs say, J-J
^I^Hjlfe J«»iJI ^i ( >*> '• e., T/ic nccA.» of horses

are not like their hinder parts. (TA.) olltHj

Ij^J [in the Kur xxxvii. 3] means And those
angels, or angels and others, that recite the praise
of God. (M.)

jii and &£. (T,M) A mother, (T,) or a

she-camel, and a female wild animal, (M,) having

her young one following her : pi. JUo. (T, M.)

__ Also, both sings., A she-camel that brings

forth in the last portion of the breeding-time :

or the latter sing, signifies one that is late in

bringing forth ; and the former sing, has the first

of the meanings explained in this paragraph :

(M :) or, as some say, the latter sing, signifies

one <Aa* has become heavy by pregnancy, so that

the head ofhcrfaitus has turned towards the tail

and the vulva; a meaning not agreeing with the

derivation : (IJ, M :) or, as some say, this word

signifies [simply] pregnant: (Hamp.G88:) accord.

to El-Bahilce, the pi. signifies she-camels of which

some liave brought forth, and others have not.

»* iji
(TA.) You say, JU. ^yljl, meaning Their

camels have not brought forth until the season

called the Uu-o, (K, TA,) which is the last part

of the breeding-time. (TA.)

* j
JU* One n>Ao relieves, or aids, another, in

singing, and in work, by taking up the strain, or

the work, when the latter is unable to continue it :

(IAar, T:) or one roAo so relieves, or aids, the

singer, with a high voice : (S, TA :) and one who

Book I.]

sings to camel* to urge them on, or excite them.
(TA.)

J^L« [act. part n. of 10, q. v. It is said in
the T to have a signification derived from »"}b in
the last of the senses assigned to the latter word
above ; so that it seems to mean Seeking, or de-
manding, the transfer of a debt, ■ or claim, or the
like, by shifting the responsibility from one person
to another],

1. <uJu : sec AJylu.

a .

^yJJ &c. : see art. ^JJ.

1. i^l^, (T, S, M, K, &c.,) aor. , , (T, M,
K,) inf.n.JlU3, (T, S,) or>W, (M,) or both,
and>U3, (K,) and Lw (M,K) and LCj, (K,)

and jj and ^ and j£, (M, K,) of which last
three forms the first is said to be the most chaste,
(T A,) [The thing mas, or became, complete, entire,
whole, or full; i.e., without, or free from, defi-
ciency ; and sometimes, the thing was, or became,
consummate, or perfect ; which latter signification
is more properly expressed by J«£» :] accord, to
the author of the K, as is shown in art J*^, and
accord, to some others, >U3 and Jl*£» are syn. ;
but seve/al authors make a distinction between
them : the former is said to signify a thing's being,
or becoming, without, or free from, deficiency ;
and the latter, to signify >l*3 and something
more, as, for instance, goodliness, and excellence,
essential or accidental ; though each is sometimes
used in the sense of the other: or, as some say,
the former necessarily implies previous deficiency;
but the latter does not : (MF, TA :) or, accord,
to El-IIarallee, the latter signifies the attaining to
the utmost point, or degree, in every respect : or,
as Ibn-El-Kcmul says, when one says of a thing
J-»^=, he means that what was desired of it
became realized. (TA.) [See also>>U3, below.]

j f * A*

You say, «uLU.^3 [His make, or formation, was,

or became, complete, or perfect; he (a child or

the like, and a man,) was, or became, fully formed

or developed, or complete in his members ; and he

(a man) was, or became, full-grown] : (TA :)

• ■ »-
[whence, probably,] {^IJI^ [as meaning] The

thing became strong and hard. (M$b.) And
^iJI J5, (T,S,Msb,) or ?>, (M,K,) The
moon became full, so that it shone brightly. (M,
K.) And, of her who is pregnant, lyJL»»- j\j I C»«J
[The days of her gestation became complete]. (S.)
_. \j£» j_j)l ^3 2£e reached, attained, arrived at,
or came to, ji/rA a (/iwy ; as, for instance, emi-
nence or nobility, or the means of acquiring
eminence or nobility. (TA.)_J J£» fc*y» ^Jl ^,
and A,Jl "^31, i/<? repaired, or betook himself, to,
or towards, such a place; he went to it. (Har
p. 608.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says,

[which may be rendered And he passed the night
in Jema (a name of El-Muzdelifeh) : then he
repaired, or went, to Mini ; there completing the

ceremonies of the pilgrimage ; wherefore ISd
says,] I think that, by _^3, [or rather ,-U .Jl ^»,]
he means he completed his pilgrimage. (M.) _

A* •** A* J*

*f j^i, and <uU^J: see their syn. a«3I (4). —

[Hence,] <uA* ^ Zfie performed it, or executed
it ; he accomplished it ; namely, an affair ; a fast ;
a purpose, or an intention. (Mgh.) _ And He
persevered in it; (Mgh, TA;) as also a^Ac^^i,

without tcshdeed, as in the phrase .-U C- 1 >3 ,jt
jl> J U [7/"*A« persevere in what I desire], occur-
ring in a trad. ; but IAth says that the verb here
means T o^»3. (TA.) You say, ;^NI ^jJU ^ He
persevered in refusal, or dislike, or disapproval.

A I

(Mgh^cs^ if ro<u broken. (T.) And i. //.

jJU [app. *Ju, i. e. He was jaded, harassed, dis-
tressed, fatigued, or wearied], (T.)

2. J ! i" : see its syn. a«31 ; and see also 1, near
the end of the paragraph. __ He, or it, destroyed
it ; made it to reach its appointed term of dura-
tion. (Sh, T, K.) —^,1,,! He gave them the
share of their arrow in the game called /-t t^l ;
(I A?r, M, K ;) i. e. he gave them to eat the flesh
which- was their share. (M.) Accord, to Lb,
j ff ^ SM in the game cnlled j,,..,<,\\ signifies A
man's taking what has remaitied, so as to complete
the shares, or make up their ftdl 7iumber, when
the players have diminished from the slaughtered
camel [by taking their sluires], (T.) _ LJ >* >0 «3
»j jj»JI t He hastened and completed the slaughter
of the wounded man ; or made his slaughter sure,
or certain. (M, K, TA.) s=pbl ^, (M,K,)
and **«iJ, (M, TA,) in the copies of the K,
erroneously, j£, (TA,) [in the C]£, ^^3 again,]
i. e. [T/ie fracture, or the broken bone, or simply
the bone,] cracked, without separating (<j*i jjj) :
or cracked, and then separated. (M, I£.) You
so.y, jf^a j~S3\^r£ and "_^J [He, or it, com-
pleted the fracture, or cracked the broken bone,
or the bone, and it cracked, Sec.]. (M.) And

~jr£3 j,* Q'j^i f^^t i- e. [>S«cA a o«e limped, or
halted, or wa* slightly lame : then] his lameness
became complete by fracture : from ^ signifying

" it was broken :" (T :) [or ^^j signifies kit
lameness became complete by an increased frac-
ture, after he had had a fracture with which he
was able to walk : this is what is meant by the

> A, 2

following loose explanation:] <o ijti= »>•><»■»■" J I

v^3 c-Jl J5 -y jJt^j JJLis. (K. [In the CK,

- a- " ' s -« -

w-ol is here erroneously put for w-jl.])= >tr »j

i^^l iTe A»*nj7 ^U?, (Th, M,) or a i^i, (K,)
upon t/*e «ci»-iorn child, or young infant. (Th,
M, K.) _ ^>;*)t <ue V* ■ <i pi? / repelled from him
the evil eye by hanging [upon him] the <U*«3.

mt

(A, TA.) ==^»j also signifies He became, in the
inclination of his mind, (Lth, T, M, K,) and in
his opinion, and hi* place of abode or settlement,
(Lth, T, )£,) as one of the tribe of Temeem ; (Lth,
T, M, )£ ;) as also I^Zj ; ($, TA ; [in the C$,
^oJ again ;]) or accord, to analogy it would be
jt*£, like j£*3 and j>o. (T.) And He asserted
himself to be related to the tribe of Temeem. (M.)

315

*A ** A *

3. <UL« [inf. n. of >U] The vying, or contend-
ing, with another in completeness, or perfection.
(KL.) [You say, 4^U 2fe vied, or contended,
with him 4cc]

4. ^1, said of the moon : see 1. _ Said of a
plant, It became tall and full-grown ; or became
of its full height, and blossomed. (M, K.) _

• A"t

w««jt, said of one that is pregnant, She completed
the days of Iter gestation: (S:) or, said of a
woman and of a she-camel, (M,) she became near
to bringing forth. (M,K.)_IJ^=» £-«>-• \^\^ :

seel..»; ( ^£Ol, (S,M,5,) or^l, (Mgh,)
and *i J>\, (M,) inf. n. >U3J; (TA;) and **^3,
(T, S,' M, K,) inf. n. J*Jj and l^J ; (T, TA ;)
and ▼ a+z„,\ • (S, Mgh, K ;) and aj "^3, and
4ift*J»3; (M,)J;) signify the same ; (S, Mgh;)

i. e. UU aJLmw (M in explanation of all but the last,
and K in explanation of all that are mentioned
therein,) and <vX«j=1 (M in explanation of the
last) [He made the thing, or the affair, complete,
entire, whole, or full; i. e., without, or free from,
deficiency ; he completed it : and sometimes, he

consummated, or perfected, it]. »j+*)\j *.*< n >*3\j,

in the Kur [ii. 192], means And perform ye, or
accomplish ye, completely, the rites and cere-
monies [of the pilgrimage and the minor pil-
grimage] ; (M,* Bd ;) accord, to some : or, as

some say, ■», n» II >»l»3l means that the money, or

the like, that one expends in performing the pil-
grimage should be lawfully obtained, and that
one should refrain from doing what God has for-
bidden. (M.) And o^3\i, in the Kur [ii. 118],
means And he performed them, or accomplished

them, completely, (Bd, Jel,) and rightly : (Bd :)

94

or he did according to them. (Fr, TA.) = d_ jl

*a

He gave him what are termed j^i, pi. of 4*3,

* • A '

and meaning jj*. [explained below, voce <U3],
(M, TA,) in order that he might complete there-
with his web. (TA.) [In consequence of its being
misplaced in the K, this is there made to signify

He gave him a ^3, meaning a ^U or a 5U. ,..,«.]

5 : see 2, in four places.

i
6. l^oUJ They came, [and also, accord, to

Golius, app. on the authority of a gloss in a copy

of the KL, they drank,] all of them, and were

complete. (S, K.) One says, IjZ* I^oUJj l y ^a ^ l
[They collected themselves together, and came, all
of them, malting altogether ten]. (TA.) And it
is said in a trad., J^ji <«J' C^oUJ, i. e. Kureysh
obeyed his call, and came to him, all of them,
following one another, (TA.)

10. a<^-1 : see 4 i*»J1 ^->\ He asked

for the completion of the benefit, or boon, or
favour. (M, K.) = He sought, demanded, or
requested, of him what are termed j^i, pi. of
<L»3, and meaning JJ»- [explained below, voce

i»3]j (M, TA,) in order that he might complete

therewith his web. (TA.) [In consequence of its

being misplaced in the K, this is there made to

signify He sought, demanded, or requested, of him

"' • P i ' * -i

a j£, meaning a ^u or a SU— «.]

40*

316

It. Q. 1. ii^3 is the inf. n. of >£, (Msb,)
anil signifies Tlic reiterating in uttering the letter
O : (Mbr, Zj in his " Khalk el-Insan," T, S,

Msb :) [if so, syn. with SOU :] or the tongue's
pronouncing indistinctly, misting the place of the
letter, [i. e. the place of its pronunciation in the
organs of speech,] and recurring to an utterance
like Cj and jt, though this he not distinct: (Lth,
T:) or tho making the speech [or tongue] to revert
[repeatedly] to O andjt: (M, ]£ :) or the jab-
bering, or hurrying in one's speech, so as hardly,
or not at all, to make a person understand:
(M:) or the uttering in such a manner that one's
speech proceeds rapidly to theroqfqfhis mouth.
(M,S.)

8.

jfi an inf. n. of 1, in the first of the senses

explained above. (M, K.) See >»U3, in two
places, mm See also 2*3.

|j

^j an inf. n. of 1, in the first of the senses

explained above. (M, £.) See >»U5, in two
places.

i

j£ an inf. n. of 1, in tho first of the senses

explained above. (M, T£.) See >li3, in five
places : _ and />\3, in three places. = Also i. q.
^•\i [app. hero meaning A kind of hoe] : (IAar,
T, K :) or i. q. I W» t [a spade, or a shovel] :

(SO pi

(IAar.T.) or

(So in the

TA.)

i*j : sec what next follows, in two places.

i+3 (M, K) and »4^3 (TA) [the former written
in the C£ 1^3] sings, of ^3 (M,£,TA) and
lU\ (£,TA,) or *^3, which [ISd says] I think

to be a quasi-pl. n., (M,) or » ' Ji is the quasi-
pl. n. : (K :) these, i. e. the pis. and quasi-pl. n.,
signify Shorn crops (jj». [in tho CI£ jj*., for
which Golius appears to have found jjf., for he
has rendered it by "amulctum," and Freytag has
done the same,]) of jtiti [meaning goats' hair],
and of camels' hair, and of wool, (M, K,TA,) of
that wherewith a woman [or a man] completes
her [or his] web : (TA :) and '<U3 signifies wltat
is given, of wool, or camels hair, [or goats' hair,]
(S, TA, [and mentioned also in the K, but there,

by misplacement, made to relate 10^,3 instead
of i*3,]) for a man to complete therewith the
weaving of his ,Ufi» ; (S ;) as also ^^j^. (?,*
TA.)

^: seei^.

•- s -

jn&i see>U, in four places: sacs and see also

>U (T.S,?:) and »JU3 tM,£) and tjtf
(K) inf. ns. of 1, in the first of the senses ex-
plained above ; (T, S, M, K ;) as also **3 and
tjj and tjl (M,£.) [Hence,] t£| 2JJJ
and "jA^J and>UJ She brought him forth at
the completion of formation ; ($, TA ;) i. e.,
when his formation was complete : (TA :) [or,
at the completion of gestation :] and, accord, to
As, >CJI *3jJj, witli the art Jl ; not indeter-

minate, except in poetry. (IB, TA.) And OjJ)

^C^J and *>l»U [She brought forth at the

completion of formation ; or, of gestation]. (S.)

And ^UJ >«*J jJ Jl c^iJI and ">bI«3 [She cast the

child at a period not that of the completion of

formation; or, of gestation; i.e., prematurely].

(Msb.) And^Ci) iyUll Jjj and ^Cu [The

infant was born at the completion of formation ;

or, of gestation]. (T,» S.) And _*Ci) jJ^ll jJj

J-»a-M and ^)^»Jt *>>C^J [TVjc child was born at

the completion of gestation]. (Msb.) [These cxs.,

and othcre following, show that an assertion of

1 Did, mentioned in the M, namely, that one

says, \^J >^J«JI jJj and 'j>\^J, and *j>\^i «ju,

and that in every other case it is^»U3, with fct-h,

• ... ***•*

requires consideration.] You say also, jX^i jj^

and ">»l»3 [lit. The full moon of completion] :

and \>»U3 jJ* [lit. A complete full moon] : all
meaning the moon, or a moon, when it is full, so
that it shines brightly: (M, K:) and^»C3>»»
and t^»U3 A complete, or full, moon. (S.) And

>C1)1 iJU and j*H\ >W iU, with fct-h to the

O, (ISh, T,) or t>.u£j| iXJ, with kesr, [which
seems to be at variance with general usage,] and
sometimes with fct-h, (Msb,) [The night of the
completion of the moon; i. e.] the night of the
fullmoon; (ISh,T,Msb;) which is the. thirteenth
night; (ISh,T;) or the fourteenth. (T.) And
t^Cil j£, with kesr only, (T, S, M, K, &c.,)
thus distinguished from what next precedes, (ISh,
T,) as also t>»l«3 JJ, and in like manner, JJ

tJCi (T) and t u *C3 JJ, (T, K,) The longest
night of the year; (Lth, T, S ;) the longest night
of winter; (As, ISh, T, M, K. ;) that in which
our Lord Jesus was born : (As, T :) or each of
three nights of which no deficiency is apparent :
(Lth, T, M, K :) or the night that is from thir-
teen to fifteen hours in length : (Alwo-'Amr Esh-
Sheybdnee, T :) or the night that is twelve hours
or more in length : (AA, T, M, K :) and any
night that is long, or tedious, to one, and in which
one does not sleep, is called "^oU^JI AJU, or said
to be like the night thus called. (IAar, T.) And
/r-Jt '^b^J jy^yll \j>) [The nem moon was seen
at the completion of the month; showing that
another month was commencing]. (T.) And

tvjj ^1 #3li ^f and t& and *$, (S,M,)
three dial, vars., of which tho first is the most

chaste, i. e., UU3 [meaning The sayer thereof
refused, or did not consent to, aught save com-
pletion] ; he executed, or accomplished, or kept
to, his saying ; he did not go bach from it. (S,

TA.) >U3 (with fet-h only, AZ, AAF, M) also

signifies The complement of a thing ; the supple-
ment thereof; the thing by the addition of which
is effected the completion or perfection of a thing;
(AZ,T, AAF, M,K;) and so t £^3 (M,K:)
and *i^L3. (T, M, £.) You say, ^fctjjjl »Juk

aJUII »JuL>U3, and 231JI »J* *&3, These
dirhems are the complement of this hundred ; or,
what complete this hundred. (T.) [And t

[Book I.

^U-Sj The supplement of, or to, a book.] __ See

' 'a-

also >>U, in two places.

>U3 •' see j\*j, first sentence.

>»U3: 8ee>U3, throughout the greater part of
the paragraph : — and sec also >><3.

^*»3 Strong; firm; hard: (A 'Obcyd, T, 8,
M,Msb, 50 or strong in make, or formation:
(TA :) or complete, or perfect, in make, or forma-
tion, and strong : (M applied to a man and to
a horse : (M, TA :) fern, with ». (TA.) Sec also

^.13 Also Tall; (T;) applied to a man. (TA.)

= See also a«««3.

£*Cj : sec >»l«3, near the end of the paragraph.

i*loJ A remainder, or remaining portion, (K,)
of anything. (TA.)

«U»>3 yl /[(«</ o/* amulet (Si^t, T, S) mmfit t>
A«n<7 vpon a human being; forbidden to be worn:
(S :) or a kind of bead : (S, Mgh :) erroneously
imagined by some to be tho same as «3U* : (El-

Kutabcc, Mgh :) but as to the Olibuo that arc
inscribed with something from the Kur-an, or
with the names of G oil, in these there is no harm :
(S, Mgh :) a speckled bea<l, block ajtcchled with
white, or the reverse, which is strung upon a
thong, and tied to the neck: (M,K:) sing, of
^U3 and [n. un. of] *^J: (T, M, K:) *J&
signifies certain beads which the Arabs of the
desert used to hang upon their children, to repel,
as they asserted, the evil eye: (T, Mgh :) or the
<Ue«3 is, accord, to some, a necklace (Si^S) upon
which are put thongs and amulets (i^t) : (M :)
or a necklace («>*^5) oftliongs: and is sometimes

applied to the amulet (Si^c) that is hung upon
the neclts of children : (T :) but he who makes
^>loJ to signify thongs is in error: El-Furezdak

uses the phrase ^1«1JI j^~> because they arc
beads which arc perforated, and into which are
inserted thongs or strings whereby they are sus-
pended : (T, Mgh :) Az says, I have not found
among the Arabs of the desert any difference of
opinion respecting the <U««3, as to its being the
bead itself: (TA :) but accord, to En-Nakha'ec,
the Prophet disapproved of everything hung upon
a child or grown person, and said that all such
things were j£\+l : (Mgh:) the i«^oJ is [said to
be] thus called l»ccausc by it the condition of the
child is rendered complete. (Har p. 22.)

I . • ..

yj*\+2: see^sUS.

voU»j One whose utterance is such as is termed
(S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) [see R. Q. 1:

accord, to most authorities,] one who reiterates in
uttering the letter O : (S, Mgh, Msb:) or, accord,
to AZ, one who jabbers, or hurries in his speech,
so as not to make another understand: (Mgh,
Msb:) fcm. with 5. (M, £.)

j,\i [part. n. of 1 in the first of the senses ex-
plained above] : (T,M,K,&c.:) Complete, entire,
whole, or full; without, or free from, deficiency:
and consummate, or perfect : (MF, TA :) as also
♦>»£», [which see above,] (M,* KL,) [and t>U3,

Book I.]

of which see three exs. voce >W»,] and *v, (Kb,
T, 9ar p. 82.) and t^i (TA.) Thus jlL» >U
signifies Complete, or perfect, in make, or forma-
tion; without any deficiency in his members;
applied to a man; (MP, TA;) [and, thus applied,
signifying also full-grown, as does, sometimes,

>>U alone : and likewise applied to a new-horn
child, meaning fully formed -or developed:] and
l^tt+t signifies the same, (M, K,) applied to a
man and to a horse, (M,) and '^o-*^ also j and in
like manner is used the phrase ~^rvJ J^*- ["
complete, or perfect, malic or formation]. (TA.)

>U c J-»- [applied to a goat] signifies 77* «< has
completed the time in which he is termed pJ*->
and attained to that in which he is termed y-J.
(TA.) And *^»3 is applied to a bull, or an ox,
That it in the stage of growth next before that in
which all his teeth are grown; in which latter
stage ho is termed _^»*. (L voce ,^-a*, on the
authority of Ej-Tdifec.) You snyulso i«U &+X£s,
and A*D S^c> ; [meaning A perfect, or faultless,
sentence, and «>«/// ;] using the epithet i*U in
these instances because of the mention of God
therein; for which rcuson there may not be in
aught of cither of them any deficiency or defect.

(TA.) And t & ijjui. i. e. t UU5 [He made it
complete, or perfect]. (M.) And * L»3 »iU <UX»».
I made it, or Aare made it, to be thine, or /
assigned it, or have assigned it, to thee, completely,

or wholly. (T.)__ [Hence, >»13 J*i meaning vl

complete, i. o. an attributive, verb : opposed to

oaJUJ**.]

• a # • *#

iLj£3 : sec >»l*3, in three places, at the close of

the paragraph.

j£* The ^iar« of cutting, or termination,
(»hi;«, in the CK «J&iu,) o/* t/te vein (J^c
[app. meaning chord]) of the navel. (K.)

3 » .

j£+, applied to one that is pregnant, (S,) or to

a woman, (M, TA,) and a she-camel, (M,) That
has completed the days of her gestation : (S:) or
that is near to bringing forth : (M :) or that is
at the point of bringing forth. (TA.)

>r »i» One whose arrow wins time after time

'

[in the game called ^... e > l l], and who feeds the
poor with the flesh [of the camel which constitutes
the shares] thereof: (M, K :) or who, when players
in the game called j...,. 9 ) \ have diminished the
slaughtered camel [by taking their shares], takes
what has remained, so as to complete the shares,
or make up their full number. (K. [Sec 2. In
the CK, j—eJ\ j)j»- jL-j! ^jaii is erroneously

'• '< * 3 ' »l 00

put for j.., e> )l j_3j»- jl— jI ^jaij.])

Jl iJlyaJI Consummate ignorance: im-

properly written i<^~ Jt, though this latter is

explainable [as meaning fAat completes the extent
to which it can go, or the like]. (Mgh.)

^77... « One w/io scefo, demands, or requests,
wool, or camels' hair, to complete therewith the

weaving of his »L-£> : so in a poem of Aboo-
Duwdd, (S,) where he says,

> ' * 'I 0> ' , -

i. e., ^4nrf rAey (referring to certain camels) are,

in respect of the care that is taken of them, and

in smoothness, like the eggs [in the places where

the ostrich has deposited them in the sand] ; there

may not be found upon them to be given from

a
them, to one who demands a 5-oj, [even so much

ns] a tie for a water-skin ; for they have become
fat, and cast their hair. (TA.)

1. 'j£, (S, M,K, &c.,) aor. '- , (M,TA,) or - ,

(M«b,) inf. n. '£; (S, M ? b, K ;) and *^, (M,

K,) inf.n.^5; (TA;) and t>J|, (M,K;)

0,

lie fed people with, or gave them to eat, j^i [or

dried dates]. (S, M, Msb, K.)

2. j^i, inf. n. )*JL3, He dried (S, M, K) dates.

(S.) I He dried 'flesh-meat: (T,S:) or he rut

flesh-meat into small pieces, (M, A,* IAth, K,)
like dates, (IAth,) and dried it. (M, A, IAth,

* i - »* »* *

$.) It is said in a trad., L/U^o^Jb \$jt J O^"
\IIe used not to see any harm in cutting flesh-meat
into small pieces, like dates, and drying it: mean-
ing, in a Mohrim's thus preparing flesh-meat for
travelling-provision ; or in one's drying the flesh
of wild animals before the state of ihruin. (IAth.)
_ Sec also 1 : — — and 4, in two places.

4. j*jI He possessed many, or a large quantity
of, j+3 [or dried dates]. (S, M, K.) — C>»3!
ZJL&Jjl, (T,M,A,K,) and*oA (M,K,) The
palm-tree bore j+3 [or dry dates] : (M, K :) or
had ripe dates upon it. (K.)^w-i>jJI >»J';
(T, K ;) and t^, inf. n. J-*£i ; (K ;) Tlie ripe
dates became in the state in which they are termed
£>. (K.) See also 1.

5. ^aZJ It (flesh-meat) was cut into strips, or

small pieces, and dried. (A.)

• #■»

j+3, a coll. gen. n. ; (S, A ;) masc. in one dial.

and fem. in another [like other nouns of the same
class]; (Msb;) Dates, or the fruit of the palm-
tree : (M :) or dried dates, like y^tij as applied
to grapes, by general consent of the lexicologists :
(Mgh, Msb :) the dates are left upon the palm-
tree, after they have become ripe, until they are
dry, or nearly so, when they arc cut, and left in
the sun to dry thoroughly; and sometimes, as
AHut says, the fruit of the palm-tree is cut when
full-grown but unripe, to lighten the tree, or from

fear of theft, and left until it becomes j^i : (Msb :)

• • ' . • ' *
the n. mi. is with 5 : and the pi. of j-»j is jy^j

• - » i
and Olr* 3 * C*» ?, M, Msb,K,) meaning sorts or

varieties [ofj+i] ; for a coll. gen. n. has not a pi.

in the proper sense : (S :) and in like manner the

dual i>l>«3 means two sorts [of j*j] : (Sb cited

$0§0 • 000

in the M in art. y~~> :) the pi. of »j«5 is oU«3.
(S, K.) [See also j—f.] Hence the prov., los-\

0,0 ' * 0% t'0' s *

I)**** yjil O^ *J*^ ' i ''*■' [Give thou thy brother

317

a dried date; and if he refuse it, a live coal].
(A, TA.) And Ji>JW ^1 [Dried dates with
meal of parched barley or wheat] is another prov.,
used in allusion to requital. (Lh.) And one
says, w>t>i)l ij+J oj~& >»-•, meaning I He found
with him, or at his abode, what he approred.
(A.) And Iji^ »j+j A—ii t His mind is pleased,
or agreeably affected, with, or by, stick a thing ;
or consents to such a thing. (A,K. # [Accord, to
the TA, it is here like Sm-ji ; but this seems to lie
true as to the meaning ; not as to the form of the
word. Sec also art. j+S, voce ^*J.]) And t> ^*.>

090*90 0' 2

Sj^j jtfi. ^j- «i ,jt t [Leave thou me, or let me
alone : verily my mind is not pleased, or happy].

& 9 0*

(A.) __ i£ju* j^ [The fruit of the tamarind-
tree; thus called in the present day;] i.q. j+»-

• « •
and j-»y». (K in art. >**--)

(jj>»5 One who loves ^j [or dried dates]. (S,
A,K.)

jC? A seller of £i [or dried dates], (S, A, K.)

j^U Possessing j*£ [or dried dates] ; (S, M, A,

Msb ;) like ^"9 " possessing milk :" (S, Msl) :)

or VoO, (Lh, M, K,) or *>»ii, (S, A,) signifies

* ' *

possessing many, or a large quantity of, j^i : (Lh,

S, M, A, K :) the former of these two words is

held by ISd to be a possessive epithet: (TA :)

and sometimes it may signify/eerfin^ people with,

or giving them to eat, j+i. (§, TA.)

j yXi and Sjy>\j and jyyi and \£j+y> kc. :
sec ai-t. j*\.

• 0i • »

j+Z* : see jav.

j}*Z* Furnished with ^ [or dried dates] for
travelling-provision. (S, K.)

1. iU3, aor. * (S, K) and -, , (K.) inf. n. Ju5
(S, K) and i)^, (K,) It (a camel's hump) was,
or became, tall, or long ami high : (S, K :) it was,
or became, juicy, and compact, (O, K,) and
plump. (M,TA.) — [Hence,] &l^i\ && J&
[app. \Bcauty became fully developed, or consum-
mate, in him]. (TA.)

4. mC Ji«jt [ It made his (a camel's) hump
to become tall, or long and high, or juicy and
compact, and plump] ; said of the [herbage called]
«^j. (A, TA.) And i5Ul .JJU3I It (herbage)
made the she-camel fat. (IDrd, K.)

JUU, applied to a camel's hump, Tall, or
long and high : (S, TA :) or high : or juicy,
and compact, and plump: ,TA:) or a earners
hump, in whatever state it be. (M, K.) — — A
she-camel having a large hump: (ISd, K:) pi.

iui^i. (TA.) A high, or lofty, building.

(TA.) You say also, JWJI •*!*& *>' [app.

meaning f Verily he is a person of fully-developed,
or consummate, beauty], (TA.) — And jUp
JLC iULS}^ iui3 I [Thy nobility is lofty, ami
thy good fortune is high]. (A, TA.)

318

i**

)y^ [sometimes written )y*3, without tcsh-
deed,] The [Syrian] month [sacred, in ancient
times, to the god of that name, (mentioned in
Ezek. viii. 14,) corresponding to July, 0. S.,]
after O s jt]j-' (9 »»» art. j>-.)

1- o^JV \j3, [aor., accord, to rule, - , i. q.

U3,] He remained, Hayed, dwelt, or abode, in
the place. (M.)

3. C£ OU, (K,) inf. n. £&, (TA,) lie
measured, or compared, them two together. (K.)

4. ^yi\, (K,) inf. n. ,jL31, (TA,) 2fe, or it,
was, or became, distant, or remote. (K.) = <u3l
/i (a disease) *<wn/ed Aim, (AZ, IAar, T, 8, M,
K,) namely, a child, or boy, (IAar, T, 8, M, K,)
<o <Aa< Ac did not attain to the stature of his
equals in age, (AZ, T,) or so that he did not
attain to full growth. (IAar, T, 8, M, K.)

R. Q. 1. i >Z3 [in the CK i >£J] .He (a man,
IAar, T) left, or deserted, his friends, and asso-
ciated with others. (IAar, T, K.)

%. a

i>3: see ^>3. snSee also a poetical citation
voco ^3.

rj3 and <L3 The tunny-fish. (Golius on the
authority of Ibn-Bey(ar; and so in the present
day ; but the former is a coll. gen. n., and the
latter is a n. un.)

iP 4- tihe; an equal, a match, or a fellow;
(8, M, K ;) as also * ^5 ; (K, TA [in the CK
Ot*J] "n equal in age ; (T, M ;) an equal in
intellect, or in weakness, or in strength, or in
manliness, or manly virtue : (ISk, 8 :) or a com-
panion : (M :) pi. &&\. (T, M.) You say, J$i
u"^ (>• L^'A Oj one is the like, or equal, Sec,
of such a one], (S.) And «w yt and <u5 and
*£»• [//<! u Att like, or egtutl, &c.]. (T.) And

tj\*j U* 7Vy (wo are equals in intellect, or t'n
weakness, or in strength, or in manliness, or manly
virtue. (ISk, 8.) And o&l J^» [.Boy* *Aa*
are /iAe each other, or equals, ice.]. (T.) And
rj\£\ ^jUwl ^ TAey are ^mk in o</e. (IAar,
T.) — A boy stunted by disease, (Lth, T, M,) so
that he does not attain to full growth; (Lth, T;)

as also t rj3. (M.) — Also i. q. ^a^l [The
body, or corporeal form, of a man or other thing,
which one sees from a distance; or a person;
an individual]. (T.)_And i. q. Jli« [A model;
a pattern; tec.]: (T:) and ♦o^e 3 [likewise] sig-
nifies the JU* of a thing. (K.)

Sj^S : see ^jj.

sj£ [in Hebr. p3JFl] A great serpent ; (K ;)
a kind of serpent, (Lth, T, 8, M,) one of the
greatest of serpents, (Lth, T,) or like the greatest
thereof: (M :) it is related that a company of
soldiers, on the shore of the Sea of Syria, saw
a cloud divide upon the sea, and then rise, and
they saw the tail of the ^>-J in a state of commo-
tion in the fringe of the cloud : it is also related

J3**~ J*

that a cloud carries the r^3 to the country of
Ydjooj and Majooj [or Gog and Magog], and
casts it down there, and they assemble thereupon,
and cat its flesh : (T :) [these stories are fanciful
accounts of the natural phenomenon called a
water-spout, to which this name is applied by the
Arabs in the present day : but the word is gene-
rally understood to mean a dragon : and a great
sea-monster;] an aquatic animal, great in make,
terrible in appearance, long and broad in the
body, large in the head, having very glistening
eyes, wide mouth and inside, and many teeth :
it swallows many animals ; the animals of the
land and of the sea fear it ; and when it moves,
the sea becomes agitated with waves by reason of
its great strength : in its first state, it is a malig-
nant serpent, that eats what it sees of the beasts
of the land; and when its mischief becomes great,
God sends an angel that carries it away, and
throws it to Ydjooj and Majooj : it is related of
one that was seen to fall, that it was found to be
about two leagues in length, of a colour like that
of the leopard, with scales like those of a fish,
two great fins in form like those of a fish, a head
like a great kill, resembling the head of a man,
two long and great ears, and two round eyes;
and from its neck branched forth six other necks,
every one of them nearly twenty cubits long, and
every one of them liaving a head like that of the
serpent. (Kzw.) [Golius thinks it to mean The
shark (" carcharias").] — Hence, ^>tfUJI is -fvl
certain ja^J [or constellation; the constellation
of the Dragon] ; thus named as being likened
to the serpent so called ; (M ;) a constellation
containing thirty-one stars within the figure;
among which are those called ^jaS\ji\ and jolyxll

and gjH and jC$$}\ L }c. (Kzw, TA.*) [Also,

app., \A certain imaginary figure in the heavens,
extending along the line of the nodes of a planet,
which are called the dragon's head and the dragon's

tail, in Arabic jJkj^aJt (from t^e Persian >kj»i),
or i j\jJbjya t J\, and also rfijisui, and, to distinguish

each from the other, w~> jJlj ,^-1/M : this line
is supposed by Golius to be meant by the follow-
ing description ; but I incline to regard it as the
result of a confusion of a description of this line
with a description of the zodiacal light, a pheno-
menon supposed to have been unnoticed by the
Arabs:] a slight whiteness in the sky, (Lth, T,
K,) not an asterism, (Lth, T,) *Ae body of which
is in six signs of the zodiac, and the tail, which
is slender, black, and twisted, in the seventh sign :
it changes place like the planets; is called in
Persian j.: : x u h, (Lth,T,K,) [app. a mistranscrip-
tion of j, * ,,>,] in astrological computation; and
is inauspicious: (Lth,T:) accord, to J, a certain
place in the sky; which is a correct explana-
tion, though said in the K to be a mistake.
(TA.)

• . t

£)\i£: see ^.saaAlso A wolf: (K, in this

art. and in art. ^J :) but used only by El-Aklital.
(TA.)

\a

1. U3, aor. - , inf. n. \y3, He remained, stayed,
dwelt, or abode, (T, 8, M, Msb, K,) ^ in it,

[Book I.

namely, a country, or town, (S, Msb,) or a place;
(M ;) Ae settled therein : (Msb :) as also Id, (M,
Msb,) not a dial, var., but formed by substitution
[of I for I], (M,) [i. e.] by suppression of the ..
(Msb.) __ IJ»s» ^Jx. UJ lie kept, or adhered, to
such a thing, inseparably. (TA.) = Also, inf. n.
as above, lie was, or became, rich, wealthy, pos-
sessed of much property. (Msb. )

• <-' t . .

S.Uj a subst. from U3, (S, K,) meaning A

remaining, staying, dwelling, or abiding [in a
country, or town, or place]. (TK.)

• #

£j U Remaining, staying, dwelling, or abiding,

(T, Msb,) in a country, or town [kc] ; settling
therein : also pronounced ,jl3, by suppression of
the • : (Msb :) one ivko remains, stays, or abides,
in his country, or rown ; (Th, TA ;) i. q. ^UU.}
[app. as meaning a man liaving a fixed abode in
a district of cultivated land, or in a village or
town of such a district : but see below] : (Th, K,
TA:) pi. !UJ. (T,S,M?b,K.) It is said in a
trad., .(ji itiUJ ^^.J, meaning For those who
remain in tkeir abodes, and go not forth with the
soldiers on expeditions against the enemy, there
shall be nothing; i. e., no share of the spoil.
(TA.) _ Rick ; wealthy; possessing much pro-
perty. (Msb.) [Or A man possessing much land
or other immoveable jrropei-ty : for this is a signi-
ncation assigned to ^jU&j.]

J*

i.

jU3 [andt^jyj] A maker of ovens of the kind
called j£i. (M,K.)

• *• ' '

jyj A sort of )Jy\£s [or fire-place] ; (M ;)

the thing, (S, Msb,) or Oy^> (K,) in which
bread is baked; (8, Msb, K ;) but different from
the Qji : (S in art. ^ji :) [it is a kind of oven,
open at the top, in the bottom, of which a fire is
lighted, and in which the bread, in the form of
fiat cakes, is generally stuck against the sides;
either portable, and made of baked clay, wide at
the bottom, and narrow at tke top, where it is
open; and if so, the bread is sometimes stuck
upon tfte outside, to bake ; or fixed, and in this
case made of baked clay likewise, or constructed
ofbriclts ; or it is a hole made in the ground, and
lined with bricks or tiles or the like, against which
the bread is stuck, to bake ; and sometimes fiesh-
meat, cut into small pieces, is roasted in it, or
upon it, on skewers :] such, accord, to some, is the
meaning in the Kur xi. 42 and xxiii. 27; (T;)
and the word is said to have the same meaning
in every language; (Lth, T, M;) but this is
not correct : (Ham p. 793 :) it is an arabicized
word ; (T, M ;) not genuine Arabic ; (AHat,
Msb ;) originally Persian : (M :) [in Hebrew
*n3TI :] Ahmad Ibn-Yahya [i. e. Th, as is stated
in Ham, ubi supra,] says that it is of the measure
Jyuo from jUI, (M, and Ham ubi supra,) or
from jyii\ ; originally j^yj ; (Ham ;) but this is
wrong: (M:) the pi. is ^JU3. (M, Msb.) Mo-
hammad is related to have said to a man wearing
a garment dyed with bastard-saffron, " If thy
garment were in the ^ of thy family, or beneath

Book I.]

their cooking-pot, it were better :" whereupon he
went away, and burned it : but he meant, " Wert
thou to spend its price for flour to make bread,
or for fire-wood with which to cook, it were better
for thee:" as though he disliked a garment so
dyed. (IAth.)__Thc surface of the ground:
(T, §, M, ^ :) so in the Kur ubi supra, (T, $,)
accord, to 'Alee (?) and I'Ab. (TA.) — The
highest part of the earth or ground : so in the same
passages of the Kur accord, to Katadch. (TA.)_
Any place from which water pours forth. (M,K.)
_ A place where the water of a valley collects.

(M, K.) The shining of the dawn : so accord.

to some in the Kur ubi supra : (T :) and 'Alee is

related to have said that j>£JI jUj means and
daybreak rose or rises : (TA :) or it relates to the
welling forth of water from the place of the
mosque of El-Koofeh : (T :) or jy~J\ here sig-
nifies a well-known spring of water: (Hr, TA:)
or a certain mountain near El-Maseesah ; (I 'Ab,
K,TA ;) i. e., (TA,) 'Eyn-el-Ward, in El-Jezeereh ;
(I 'Ab, T, TA ;) or 'Eyn-Wardeh. (Bd in xi.42.)

i i- t &■

\Jjyi : see jtt.

•Si

Jtf

3, [a pi. of which the sing, is not mentioned,]
applied to [deserts such as are termed] t_A3U3, [pi.

of 3iy3,] meaning Of which the extremities are far
apart; (Ibn-'Abbad,K^) wide, or spacious. (Ibn-
'Abbdd.)

aiy5 (T,S,M,K,&c.) and t&Jl, (9,K,)
like j> and 3u ^ , the latter a rel. n. from the
former, (S,) A [desert such as is termed] SjUU :

(T, S, K :) or a land such as is termed jii [i. e.
vacant, or void, or desert, destitute of vegetable
produce and of water; or destitute of human
beings, but sometimes containing a little herbage
or pasturage] : (M :) or a wide, or spacious,
land, of which the extremities are far apart : (El-
Muiirrij,K:) or a desert (»"^i) in which is no
water nor any person to cheer one by his company,
though it may have, or produce, herbage; (El-
Muarrij, T ;) so says ISh : (TA :) or a far-
extending desert, in which is a collection of herb-
age, but such as cannot be depastured because of

its remoteness: (Aboo-Kheyreh, T :) pi. uuU.
(T,M.)

• 3 »* Ms »* ft ft"

»VMa : see Uy3 : and see an ex. voce j JJ.

1. ^>, (M, K, [in the CK, erroneously, J»y3,])
without teshdeed to the &, (M,TA,) He (a

camel) ate the j>yj. (M, K.)

• i-
j,y3 A hind of trees (§, M, K) having a small

fruit, (§, M,) like that of the f-jj*- [or castor-oil
plant], (M,) which, bursting, discloses grains, that
are eaten by the people of the desert : (S, M :)
at the sun declines, it follows it with the [upper]
sides of its leaves : (M :) its fruit, with >Jj**,
(K,) i.e. >V£pi ^ [q. v.], (TA,) and water,
drunk, expels worms; and the application of its
leaves, with vinegar, in the manner of a poultice,

draws forth warts : (K :) n. un. with » : (S, M,
K :) AHn says, it is a kind of dust-coloured trees,

of those termed w>^H«l, eaten by ostriches and

gazelles, and of those among which gazelles are

snared: its grain, when the coverings thereof

open, becomes black; and it has a root (Jjft),

•" -

sometimes made into a jJj [for producing fire] :

the places where it grows are mostly the sides of
valleys : I Aar says, the &•*>£ is a tree of the hind
called •£*>, of large size, in which grow grains
like hemp-seed, used for ointment, and as a season-
ing, or condiment : it dries up at tlte beginning of
winter, and disappears: all this is from AHn:
(M:) A'Obeyd says, it is one of the plants of the
earth, in which, and in the fruit whereof, is a
blackness : it is eaten by the ostrich : the pi. [or

coll. gen. n.] is >y3 : (T : the author of which
then adds,) I say, it is a tree which I have seen
in the desert : the colour of its leaves inclines to
blackness, and it lias grains like hemp-seed, or a
little larger : I have seen the women of the desert
bruise its grains, and express from them a blue
oil, in which is a viscosity ; and they anoint their
hair with it wlten they comb tliemsclves: A A says,
the j>yj has a grain which is oily and dust-
coloured: En-Nadr says, the i«yo is of an ill
savour, and the beasts do not like it, or eat much
of it : (T :) [it is erroneously said in the K, voce

ft d / " ft 3 A "

>»*^1», to be hemp-seed (-_it jJbUJI S-*-) '• &""]
some say that it is the liemp-plant (^j\j^ii\ jtf^>).

(Ham p. 135.) The sun, when eclipsed, is
said in a trad, to have become black, and like a
<Uy3. (T.) And a poet, who married a woman,
and found her to be pretty, but with hoary hair,
and who had a youthful wife at his abode, likens

die hair of the former to the flower of the ^t^il,
and black hair to jtyj ; saying

«- - J * ' 1 ol j ftf" £*"

[And when I saw the chamomile flowering, and
saw not tennoom, I remembered my abode]. (Ham
ubi supra.)

R. Q. 1. V»3, [inf. n. of ££,] t. q. itf [The
having an impotence, or an impediment, or a
difficulty, or barbarousness, or vitioumess, in
speech] : (K :) or [the having] a distortion in the
tongue, (TA,) like what is termed 3s8 : (§, TA :)
accord, to Az, ^v-v* and iS^M signify the twisting,
or distorting, of the tongue in speaking. (TA in
art. wJ».)_And <Cyj signifies JJsUI ^ jjy,
(K,TA,) or J^t&t yj, (TA,) '[app. meaning
He repeated, or used repetitions, in uttering false,
or vain, or unprofitable, sayings : but Golius and
Freytag render it as meaning he applied himself
to vain things.]

*3, (JK,) or <u *3, (K,) An exp-ession imita-
live of the " <^-», [i. e., of him who has the
faulty utterance termed 3^i,] (JK, K, TA, [in
the CK, eSJSJ\ is put for i2JJ\.T\ consisting in

** "' mi m»

a distortion of tlte tongue. (JK.)_<uAjisalso
A cry by which one chides tlte camel, (K, TA,)

319

and which makes him to run away. (TA.)_

And A call to a dog. (K.)

• »

<& : see art. u.

AJl^i False, or vain, sayings or actions or
affairs; or unprofitable sayings. (JK, S, K.)

<Uyi» : see *3.

jy»U [probably, in its primary acceptation, a
dial. var. of }iY Z ; for the signification here follow-
ing is said in the TA to be tropical : _] I Clouds;
or a collection of clouds : (JK, K, TA :) pi.

'**<*■ (JK.)

j^yjj, said by Az to be of the measure Jy>«*,
from jjkyi ; originally y^a, like as jyuj is [said
to be] originally jyu j ; but the O is held by
ISd [and J and F and others] to be a radical :
(TA:) Low, or depressed, sand: (T,TA:) or
sand that falls apart, and does not hold together:
(A,TA:) or elevated sand : (TA:) or sand having
a *Jj»- [or part carried and eaten away by
torrents]: (As,§,K:) pi. ^Q and 'jhQ. (S,
K.) — Low, or depressed, land, or ground. (K.)
_ The part between the top and bottom of the
side of a valley, and of a mountain: (JK,K,*
TA :) of the diaL of Nejd, and of that of Hudlieyl.
(TA.)__ High waves of the sea or of a great

river. (K.) Applied to a man, [like ££, q. v.,]

fVain, or having a fond opinion of himself, (§,
K,) and proud. (K.) [For £*ti »n one copy

of the S, and U»l3 in another and in the L, in
• ' «" «"""" •"

the phrase <x,3 o-> <i— iy t*1i &\£» lit, or UblJ,

I read t*|j.]

1. ^5, (JK.Msb, K.) aor. '- , (Msb, K,) inf. n.
J^5, (Msb,) or iiV, (JK,) It (flesh-meat, JK,
Msb, K, and milk, Msb, and oil, K) became altered
for the worse, and stank : (JK,* Msb,K:*) it
(flesh-meat, TK) had a foul odour; it stank. (K.)
_ It (the heat) was, or became, vehement, or
intense, with stillness of the wind. (Msb.) — Also,
inf. n. jt^i, He (a camel) was penetrated by the
heat: (JK:) or was smitten by the liot wind, and
in consequence became lean, or emaciated. (TA.)

And, (JK,K,) inf. n. ^, (TA,) He (a camel)

ate much of the pasture (^^Jl C>* j^-J)» and
it was not wholesome: (JK:) or disapproved the
pasture (.y^«M j£U*t), and did not find it whole-
some, (K, TA,) and his condition became bad.
(TA.) — And, said of a man, His impotence, or
inability, became apparent, and he became con-
founded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right
course. (K.)

3 : see 4.

4.^1 He (aman,§) went, (§,) or came, (K,)
to Tih&meh : (S, K :) Er-Riyashee says, I have
heard the Arabs of the desert say thus of him
who has descended from the mountain-roads of
Dhat 'Irk: (TA:) or he alighted, or abode,
therein: (K:) as also *>il3, (JK,K,TA, [in
the CK, erroneously, ^*U,]) in the latter sense,

320

(JK,) and t*v*-'» (K;) or these mean he came
to Tihdmeh. (TA.)_ [Accord, to Golius, on
the authority of a gloss, in the KL, it signifies also,
He went into a region of hot air: and this, if
correct, may be the primary meaning.] =^yj\
jJJI He found the country, or town, to be in-
salubrious, (K, TA,) and to have a had, or foul,
odour. (T A.) ■at^yjl, inf. n. >lyJ1 ; in measure
like j>j±>\, inf. n. j>\j£>\ ; (Msb ;) [originally

>**3' > or ] formed from i»yj, in consequence of
imagining the O in this word to he radical;
(MF in art.^Aj ;) [like as is said of JiJl ;] He
did a thing that made him an object of suspicion :
(JK and Msb and TA in the present art. :) or
he was an object of suspicion : (K in art. ^Aj :
[in the CK and TK, erroneously, ^1:]) or there
was in him that which induced suspicion: you
say of a man, when you suspect him, --->,'',
inf. n.>£il; like Cttot, inf. n. &»\. (S in art.
^y)m\ i, ,1 l He suspected him; thought evil
of him ; as also * <WyJ3l [which is the more
common], (Msb in this art.) You say, \JS^ **yjl,
(K, and so in some copies of the S, both in art.
jt*},) inf. n. >ly3l ; (K in that art.;) or <o *<t»»5l;
(Msb and K, and so in some copies of the S, all
in that art. ;) and i»Ajl ; (K in that art. ;) He
suspected him of such a thing; imputed it to
him; (Msb and K* and TA, all in that art.;)
[and he accused him of such a thing ;] i. e.,
a thing attributed to him. (TA.) And *«*i^JI
*>>J ^ [/ suspected him in respect of his saying;]
I doubted of the correctness, or truth, of his
saying. (Msb in art. V^)

5 : see 4.

8 : see 4, in three places.

j*} [in the CK, erroneously, ^}] Landdescend-
ing (k/yaiU j^jjl [in the CK, here and afterwards,
erroneously, ij^aio] ) to the sea ; as also " i^j ;
(K, TA ;) mentioned by IKt, from Ez-Ziyddee,
from As: (TA :) these two words seem to be
[originally] inf. ns. fromJUlyJ: (K:) [and accord.
toF,] *i^JI is a dial. var. of tiilyJ: (K:)
[but J says,] ♦ i« t T)l is used in the place of
T <U V> M though it were [originally] the inf n. un.,
accord, to the saying of Af that _ / e V l)l, with fet-h
to the medial radical, is an inf. n. from ♦ i_»tyj :
(S :) for the ^ jiffi [pi. of ii£», and thus mean-
ing the parts of Tihdmeh, or, accord, to the JK,
meaning lands descending to the sea,] do descend
to the sea: (K,TA:) so says As: (TA :) and
[hence] the rajiz says, (namely, Shcytan Ibn-
Mudlij, TA,)

[ / looked, the eye distinguishing Et-Taliam], (S,
and Ham p. 051),) meaning Et-TUidmeh. (Ham
ibid.) _ [As inf. n. of j^, q. v.,] j^J\ also sig-
nifies Vehemence of heat, and [or with] stillness
of the wind. (K.) And hence Tihamch is said
to be thus called. (TA.)

j^i, applied to flcsh-me..., Altered for the
worse ; (J K ;) having a foul odour ; stinking.

j»r>—>>

(JK,* K-) «■■ *UtJ C*,' A. land vehemently, or
intensely, hot. (Er-Riyashcp,TA.)^ Sleeping ;
(JK ;) «'. q. ,>»5. (TA in art. ,£«*).)

a^JI : see^. _ It, (K,) or ♦ a^£jl, (JK,)
signifies also SjJUl [app. as meaning Mehkeh,
like ♦iolyj ; as though the city of cities] : (JK,
K=) so in the phrase *i^lll J*l [which may
mean The people of Mekkeh ; and also, of Tihd-
meh, in the more extended sense of the latter
appellation]. (JK.)

4*yj : sec Aofj.

ioyj <ui In it is a fold odour ; a stink. (K.)

— See also ^i. __ (>, t T)l : see ^J, and io^JJI ;
the latter in two places.

<L»y3, (S, M, K, &c, in art. j^.y and Msb in
that art. and in the present also,) of which ♦ i^^j
is a dial. var. mentioned by El-Farubcc (Msb,
and TA in art. ^o*y) and by several other authors,
or, accord, to Ibn-Kemdl, the hitter is an inf. n.
and the former is a simple subst., but Esh-Shihab
doubts of this; (TA ;) originally &.*, (S, ISd,
Msb, &c.,) like as i^LJ is originally i»i.j ;
(ISd,TA;) a subst. from i^5l ; (S, Msb, both
in art. ^j ;) Doubt : and [more commonly]
suspicion, or evil opinion; or doubt combined

yvith suspicion or evil opinion : syn. Jli : and i^j :

S ,
(Msb in the present art. :) or i. q. s jii [which is

a preponderating wavering between the two ex-
tremes of indecisive belief; and often means sus-
picion] : (ISd and TA in art. ^j :) or a thing
for which one is suspected : (K in that art. :
[and this is often meant by ijjj, one of the syns.

mentioned above:]) the pi. of i^j is^yj, men-
tioned by Sb, who argues that it is a pi. [and not

a coll. gen. n.] from their saying^^yJJI ^yk [They

. *** ' *
are susjticions, Sec.], and not saying ^J I yk like

J *! m\ » S

as they say ^-Je>jJI >*. (TA in art. ^»*>)

S «

^.lyj : see i^tyJ.

>w j SusjTected; thought evil of; (JK in this
art, and Msb in this and in art. ^^Aj ;) [as also
*j*?* and T ^ v i» :] or ftci»^/ a»» object of suspicion;
as also ***£•■ (K in art - >^5- [In the CK, the
latter is erroneously written ^U.])

[Boox I.

of its vehement heat : (Ms b :) [it seems to have
^5lyJ for a pi. :] see j^», in four places ; and

> * •£

^V 3 Cy, or belonging to, Tihdmeh; as also
♦^V, (T,S,M,Msb,K, [in the CK, erroneously,
j>\5,]) with fet-h, (Msb, K,) irregularly formed ;
(M, Msb ;) fem. 3^3 ; like c^j and V^J : (T,
Msb :) when it is pronounced with fet-h to the
O, it is without tcshdeed [to die ^j when you say
^•lyJJI and is*l»j] ; as in the instances oi'J*.j

OU^ and >U>, except that the I in >lyj is of die
original word, and that in iJUj and jAi, is a
substitute for the two ^s of the [regular] rel. n.,
(S,) or rather, for one of those two ^s : (Aboo-

Zekcrccya,TA:) and you say Oy°& >»>* [4
people, or company of men, of Tihdmeh], like

Oy^ti • (S, K :) and accord, to Sb, some say
3 -- 'a ' .. s r .

^Vyj and ^yUi and ^U., with fet-h, and with
tcshdeed [to the ^]. (S.)

jar*- scc^c-yJ.

• u

^ov^ [Going, or coming, to Tihdmeh: or alight-
ing, or abiding, therein : and] alighting, or afrtV/-
n»y, »n Mehkeh. (TA.) — ^^i* ^1^ A w/fcy o/
which the water pours to Tihdmeh. (TA.)=Sec
also jf-^i.

• '•

jt\yZ* Often coming to Tihdmeh : (S, K :) pi.

^eAU (S, TA) and^Ulii, (TA,) applied to men
(S, TA) and to camels'. (TA.)

see^^syj.

iclyj a name of Mehkeh : (JK, K :) and [more
commonly] a certain land, (Msb, K,) well known,
(K,) commencing from Dhdt 'Irk, (Msb, TA,)
towards Nejd, (Msb,) and extending to Mekkeh
and beyond it to the distance of two days' journeys
(Msb, TA) and more, then uniting with the
Ghowr, and extending to the sea : some say that
it adjoins the land of El-Yemen ; and that Mehkeh
is of ijx^JI July-* : (Msb :) [F says that] J has

" * 00

erred in terming it a jJb : (K :) [but by jJU, J
may mean both a city and a country or province:]
some say that its name is from ^J in the first of
the senses assigned to this verb above, because it
is low in relation to Nejd, so that its odour is
bad ; and some, that it is from the same verb in
the sense explained in the second sentence, because

4. i^yl, said of a man, signifies \y ;U-, i. e.
He came alone; by himself: opposed to ^Jjl
meaning " he came widi another." (T.) = See
also art. i£y.

y [app. from the Persian y, meaning "a fold,"
or "a single fold,"] One, and no more; single; sole.

(T, S, M, K.) You say, £j jUi bp ^[£> He,
or it, was one only, and became a pair. (TA.) And

it is said in a trad., "y /•l" '*^j y vJly^JI, (S,
TA,) i. e., The circuiting [of the Kaabeh] is one
action, and the casting of t/te pebbles [in the valley of

Mine] is one acdon. (TA.) You say also, 1^3 ~A*Lj
meaning He came alone ; by himself: (T, S, M:)
or he came by a direct course, nothing making
him to deviate, and not stopping anywhere in the
road; for if he stop anywhere in the road, he is
not said to be p. (AZ, A 'Obeyd, M, K-) And
jl*.Ij y\j 4j.fclc I tied it with a single knot; by
turning the cord, or the like, once : so says AZ ;
and he cites the following ex. :

*

-3"

0*° '-•' ' ii^ *ijV"

- ' i 00 • $ 0"

J^J^i Jkljl JJU5 ^

mt

O- 5

jl*.^ y^ 4\

i. e., [A girl that is not of the wild, or shy, sort :
site does not tie the zone with the fist, but with a

Book I.]

single knot, or] half a hnot: the ^ in £& [ unt ^ * n

-• $ W ■ • i •* "

V>A*>j and ^>ii«»] is redundant : jjj being origi-
nally O, which is .i contraction [or 'ratlicr the
half, both as to the letter and the meaning,] of
y. (T.) __ A rope that is twisted of a single

strand : pi. IlyM. (T, M, K.) [It is said that]

it signifies also A thousand horses, or horsemen.
(AZ, T, K.) [But this requires consideration :
lor] one says, y «JUW **«*• »>• 0^» **-S> ( A Z,
T, S,) meaning [Such a one sent a troop of hix
horses] with a thousand men ; i. c., with one
thousand : (S, TA :) or, us some 6ny, with one
complete thousand. (TA.) = Also One who is
unoccupied lit/ the business of the present world
and of the world to come. (A A, T, K.*) = Also
A structure ckvated, reared, or erected. (T, K.)

Sjj A period, or a short period, (iftLi, AA,
T,K,) of time. (AA, T.) You say, Sp c~Lo
J--UI .j-o, bum jly-JI, -A period, or a s/*ort! period,
ficLi,) fj/* (Ac «»'*//;/ passed, and o/*</ic (/ay. (TA.)
And IJk-j (jl£» ^ji*. ey *9l ^^.a* U There passed
not save a short period («UU>) <o the time that
such a thing hupprnctl. (lAnr, T.) Hence the
faying of the vulgar, jfe 5y [commonly pro-
nouueed oy] Just now (itLJI) Ac »u«c, or stood.
(TA.)

SU 77ic name of the letter O, q. v. ; as also 13 :

• »•- ..- of

pl. [of the former Ol. 13 ; and of the latter] Ilyl.
(TA in i^U\ uU^I vW)

3,- 3 -

^0 and i^JjO rel. ns. of 20 and 13 the names

of the letter O; as also i^y.3: (TA uhi supra:)

whence i-jU t j^^J and iyU and Aj^-3 (T, K,

TA, uhi supra, [the last written in the CK

♦a » i

ij»-3,] and the second is also mentioned in the S)

A 3ju«a5 of which the ^gjj »* O. (TA ibid.)

1. ^U, (T, A,) or it Jj V 13, (S, M, K,) aor.

V>*i» (M|b») inf. n. Ajy and «_jy, (T,S,M, Msb,
K,) both of these signifying the same, (T, S, M,
Msb,) the 5 in the former being added to denote
the fern, gender, or, as some say, the former is a
n.un. like S^e, (Msb,) or, as Akh says, w>y is

* - O- •» -

pl. [or a quasi-pl. n.] of a/y, like as>y> is of

• # A * 9 0- • - o-

i«y , (S,) or like as jy* is of ojy" , and this is the
opinion of Mbr, (M,) and a^V3, (M, K,) which is
for i£i, (M,) and yli. (S, M, A, ^) and l/Jj,
(§,* M,« ?:,) of the measure ljuij, (§, M,)' an

anomalous form, (TA,) syn. with <^y, mentioned
in the Book of Sb; (§ ;) [He repented; or re-
pented toward God; as will be shown by what
follows :] originally, he returned vnto Ood, (T,

* % 9

TA,) \J£s ij* and \j£> ^ [from such a thing] :
(TA :) or he returned, [or returned unto Ood,]
(§, M, A,K,) from sin, (§,) or from his sin, (A,)
orfrom disobedience (M, I£) to obedience: (M :)

•* • m

or <vi ^ ,_jVj signifies Ac desisted from his sin :
"Bk. I.

(Msb :) ijy signifies the repenting of sin ; i. e.
the grieving for it, or regretting it, with the con-
fession of having no excuse for the commission

t -o- J . w

thereof. (Kull.) It is said in a trad., iiy^jJI
[Repentance is] a returning from sin. (S.) The
time of El-Islam is termed a~>y-i\ ^>°j as being
The time of returning from [or repenting of '] the
belief in a plurality of gods. (A.) A poet says,

[I have repented toward Thee, and accept TIioh
my repentance; and I have fasted, O my Lord,
and accept Thou my fast] ; meaning iwy and
^Zojrf. (M.) _ dJLft oil) w*U (7o^ returned to
forgiveness towards him ; became again forgiving
to him : (T :) or disposed, or adapted, him to
repentance, or returning from sin or disobedience:
(S, K :) or reverted from severity to mildness
towards him : or returned to him with his favour,
or grace, and his acceptance, or approbation;
became again propitious to him : (A, K :) all
these meanings arc correct: (TA :) or Ood for-
gave him, and saved him from acts of disobedience:
(Msb :) or accepted his repentance : (Jel in ii. 35
&c. :) or returned towards him with mercy, and
acceptance of repentance. (Bd ibid.)

10. oyUZ^I He proposed to him that he should
return [to obedience unto Ood], (T, A,) and
repent of that which he had committed : (T:) he
ashed him to return from sin, or disobedience :
(S, K:) or he ashed him to desist from his sin.
(Msi).)

• * * . • *'*

Oyl3, originally O^y, the O not being the

characteristic of the fem. gender, (Z, MF, TA,) of
the measure OyjJ, and meaning A chest, or box,
from vJpl, because what is taken out from it
continually returns to it: (A AF, IJ, Z, MF, TA :)

•*J * •- tt-

OX originally iyj\3; (S, K; [in the CK ayl3 ;])

the j being made quiescent, and the S changed

into «i> : (S, K :) [in Chald. Nnil^ri : in Hebr.

!"Q.n :] it signifies also the ribs, with what they

contain, as the heart and the liver <yc. ; as being

likened to a chest, or box ; (IAth, TA in art.

OsJ ;) the chest, breast, or bosom : (A in that

art. :) or [primarily] the ribs, with what they

contain, as the heart «y-c. : and [hence] applied to

a chest, or box : (Towshcch, MF, TA:) also

written Cjj-j. (K in art. C*«3.) [It is generally

applied in the present day to a bier: a coffin:

and an oblong case that is placed over a grave :

the pl. is c^oly.] El-Kasim Ibn-Maan says that

it is the only word in the Kur-an in respect of

which the dialects of Kurevsh and the Ansar

differ ; the former pronouncing it Oy 13 ; (S ;)

and the latter, «_yl3. (S, K.) But IB denies that

its last letter is originally », the fem. termination ;

asserting the final O to be a radical letter, the

measure of the word to be Jyil», and its proper

place in art. 0«J : he says that the final O is

changed in a case of pause, but not generally, into

», as is that of Otjilt [the Euphrates], in which

the O is not the fem. termination. (L, TA.) You

it ### 50- #- 1 0-0£ #

say, «3jJU £*w ^yU C-scjjl U, meaning I have

321

not deposited in my bosom anything of knowledge,
or science, that I have lost. (A in art. o~3.)

»jly, applied to a man, [One who repents much
or often;] returning from disobedience to obedience
[to God] (M,K,TA) much or often. (TA.) —
And applied to God, One who returns [much or
often] to forgiveness towards his servant who
returns unto Him : (T :) or who [often] disposes,
or adapts, to repentance, or returning from sin or
disobedience ; or reverts from severity to mildness;
or returns with his favour or grace, tec. : (A, K:
[see 1, last sentence :]) or who forgives much, and
saves from acts of disobedience. (Msb.)

>_<ol3 [Repenting of sin : (sec 1 :) originally,]
returning from disobedience (M, K) to obedience
to God. (M.)

Oy

Oji (ISk, T, S, M, Mgh, M?b, K) and i>y';
(Mgh, and L and K in art. <l>y, q. v. ;) the latter
sometimes used; (Msb;) or this is not allowable ;
(ISk, T, S, Msb;) for the word, which is app.
Persian, is pronounced by the Arabs with O for
the final as well as for the initial letter ; (T, Msb;)
[The mulberry; and especially the white mul-
berry;] t.f.juji: (ISk,T,S,M,Mgh,M ? b,K:)
or, accord, to the people of El-Basrah, (Msb,) or
some of the people of El-Basrah, (Mgh,) C»y" is
the name of the fruit, and >U>ji is that of the
tree; (Mgh, Msb ;) and this is what is commonly
held : (Msb :) or, accord, to IDrd and others,
Oy is an arabicized word, and jLoji is the
Arabic name: (TA:) [oy is a coll. gen. n. :]
the n. un. is with I. (M.) [Golius says, in his
Lex., on the authority of Zcyn El-'Aftiir, that
there are three kinds: "yV Oy," i.e. yU.,
" the sweet and white mulberry, peculiarly called
>\*oji ; and ,^a»jW, Oy," i. c. ^.a^U., " the sour
and blach mulberry ; and ij-t»^ ^y^i" '• c -
^f-3, " and JJbdl Oy," i. c. j£u>.» " the wild
mulberry, i. e., with red fruit." In Egypt, Oy
is applied to the sweet mxdberry, white and blach,
and especially to the former, as also ^jJ^ «i»y »
and ^Ui Oy to the latter. In the present day,
J>JU}| Oy is applied to the raspberry; as also
(^ayi Oy : and j^^ia-j Oy, I believe, to the

* - el ' ..o-o

blackberry, j^jl Oy and ^j^J^il Oy arc
applied to the strawberry.]

«leJy , [of tlic masc. gender, as is shown by the
' 3 -.-
phrase ^Jk** «t3y, and therefore perfectly dccl.,]

an arabicized word, (S, Msb,) [Tutia, or tutty ;

an impure protoxide of zinc ;] a certain stone [or

wi<»c?vi/], (S, K,) n'«U known, (M, K,) employed

as a colly Hum. (S, Msb.) [It is also applied in

the present day to several kinds of vitriol; the

sulphates of zinc and of co]yper and of iron. Do

.Sacy says, on the authority of Ibn-Beytar, that

there are two species thereof; one which is found

in mines; the other, in tho furnaces in which

copper is melted, like cadmia ; and this latter

species is what the Greeks call pompholyx: of

the fossil tutia there are three varieties; one is

white ; another, greenish ; the third, yellow, with

a strong tinge of red : the white is the finest

41

999

variety ; the green, the coarsest. (Chrest. Arabe,
2nd c<l., iii. 453 ; where see more.) Golius, on
this word, in his Lex., says, " Optima est quae vel
nnturalis, sc. Indica, caerulea, et pellucida; vel
artificialis, sc. Carmanica, alba cum partis viri-
dioris stricture. Zein." i. e. Zeyn El -'Attar. "Ex
plumbi prsestantissimi, quod dicitur ^jJlHJ, fuligine
concrcscerc praestontissimum genus, commune vero
ex fuligine scris, tradit Jacutus ex Abulfed."]

!l,Jy : see the art. next preceding.

_»y I. q. }\oji ; a dial. var. of Oy, [q. v.,]
mentioned by IF, (L,JC,) and by AHn, who
cites a verse in which it occurs, and says that he
had not heard any one pronounce it with O, but
only with «i>, though «l>y is Persian and Oy is
Arabic; (IB, TA;) but it is disallowed by El-
Harccrco and others: (TA:) in the Expos, of
the work entitled Adab el-Katib, it is said that
Oy" is an arabicized word, originally «l>y and
iy" : (Mz, MF :) the n. un. is with S. (L, £.)

e* 3

2. do-y He crowned him; invested him with
the crown. (S, A, Msb,» }£..) ^ He made him
a prince, lord, or chief. (Msb,* TA.) _ f He
turbaned him; invested him with the turban.
(TA.)

6. *-y^ i He mat, or became, crowned, or in-
vested with the crown. (S, A, £.) [For the verb
•-13, in this or a similar sense, mentioned in the

Lexicons of Golius and Freytag, in the former as
from the (, I find no authority : on the contrary,
it is said in the TA that no verb answering to
•-5U has been heard.] He was made, or became,

a prince, lord, or chief. (TA.)^+2T« was, or
became, turbaned, or invested with the turban.
(TA.)

-.13 A crown ; (8, A, sS., TA ;) i. e. a thing
that is made for kings, of gold and jewels; (TA;)
peculiar to tlie ^^f. [or Persians and other
foreigners]: (Msb :) [a Persian word:] pi. [of
mult.] oW (S,A, Mgh,Mfb,K) and [of pauc]
w-ly'l. (TA.) — t A turban ; as being likened
to a crown. (TA.) It is said in a trad., (TA,)
w>*JI O Vt? ^UaH [Turbans are the crowns of
the Arabs]; (§, TA ;) i.e. turbans are to the
Arabs as crowns to the kings ; for the Arabs in
the deserts are [or were] mostly bare-headed or
wearing y-i^i [pi. of SyldS, q. v.] ; turbans
among them being few. (TA.)_Also Silver.
(TA.) [See what next follows.]

iif\S An ingot of purified silver: originally
•jl3, a Persian word, applied to a dirhem recently
coined. (TA.)

«jl3 Having a ^13 [i. e. crown, or f turban] ;
an epithet applied to an >UI : (K :) it is a pos-

Oj-jyi

sessive epithet, like c>b> for we have not heard
any verb answering to it. (TA.)

~.yU Crowned; applied to a king: (A, TA:)
imade a prince, lord, or chief: iturbaned. (TA.)

R-jli* [a pi. of which the sing, is not men-
tioned,] occurring in the saying of Jendel Er-
Ra'ee,

' ' ** ft* £ ft *

* * ft' ft J '

signifies [properly The parts of the head] where
one M crowned (~-ySj v£~s-) with the turban :
(]£,* TA :) [but it is evidently here used in a
tropical manner: the poet is speaking of she-
camels:] the w-o'jU are the mouths; [or the parts
around the mouths;] and the >^I, a word like
<J i&; is the accumulated foam which the camel
casts forth from his mouth. (TA.) [It seems
that the poet means, And they cast forth, from
the parts around the mouth, accumulated foam,
elongated in the extremities : ^hJui^t being app.
syn. with ^feja^o, as meaning " elongated like
a>>y»J*.," or "snout."]

1. mJ3, aor.

c*

c*

, inf. n.

sec «-l3 in art.

J>"

1. jl3, aor. jyj, (TA in art. jJ,) inf. n. jy,
(£,) It (water, TA) ran, or flowed: (K, TA :)
but this verb is obsolete. (TA in art. jt?-)s=
c^P' Jt* [ a PP- for >*J] Blood-revenge was had
of the man. (M. [See also 5>13.])

3. »j^0 He returned to him, or it, time after
time ; syn. ojl*. (A. [Sec also 4.])

4. «jl3! He repeated it, or did it again, time
after time. (S in art.^e3,M,K.)___Z/c continued
to look at him, or if, time after time. (TA.)
And JiuJI *$\ OJ3I, (T, $,•) and .Jtll, inf. n.
5,131, (T,) *'. q. «3,0I, (£,) i. e. I looked at him
sharply, or intently: (TA:) [or time after time :]
and I cast, or shot, at him time after time. (T.)_

Atli i i (j' u^ J^i O"^* ls 8a '^ % -A- A to mean
Such a one is encompassed, or gone round, (jljy,)
in order t/iat he may be taken: and he cites, from
a poem of 'Amir Ibn-Ketheer El-Mohdribec,

^JJLil^ ^S. \y~ah JJU
j. ^jX»' fit' j a '

[as though meaning They have been angry with
me, and driven me away, and I have become as
though J were a wild ass encompassed in order to
be taken] : or, accord, as some relate it, * jl£o :
(S :) [and it is said that] this signifies cast at, or
shot at, time after time. (T, L. [See also art.

jl3 : see »,U.

jy .4 messenger (S, M, A, Msb, 1£) between

[Book I.

people, (S, M, K,) or </»a< ^oe« about between
lovers : (A :) accord, to IDrd, (S,) a genuine
Arabic word : (S, M :) pi. jlyl. (Msb.) And

** •'

«jy A girl who is sent on messages bitween lovers.
(IAar, T, £.) as A vessel, (S,) a certain well-
known vessel, (T, Msb,) a small vessel, (A, Mgh,
]£,) from which one drinks : (S, Mgh, "K. :) a
r««eZ of brass, or of stone, like tlie iiU.1 : (TA :)
sometimes also used for tke ablution termed tye^ :
(A, Mgh, TA :) so called from the same word
as signifying the act of "running" or " flowing"
[of water], (TA,) because it is mutually borrowed
and returned ; or from the same word as signi-
fying " a messenger :" (A, TA :) of tlie masc.
gender: (T, A, K :) [or fcm., for Z says,] I
passed, at tho Gate of El-'Omrah, [of the Temple
of Mckkeh,] by a woman who was saying to her
female neighbour, «iA3uy l -^>j~z\ [Lend thou to
me thy little jy : for had she considered jy as
masc., sho would have said j)jjy], (A.) —
^riUJ jy A cooking-pot of copper. (Mgh.) =

*' 1 * ' • 3 t J

'loJI jy I, <2>. >yJLa^», i. C. vi jrrra^ substance that
overspreads stagnant water. (Msb.)

SjVj, originally with . , which is suppressed on
account of frequent usage, (IAar, Msb,) and
sometimes pronounced with »; (Msb;) or its I is
[originally] j [and therefore it is mentioned in
most of the lexicons in the present art.] ; (Lth,
T;) [or j_£, . for it is mentioned in the S in art.
j-j ;] A lime; one time; [in the sense of the
French fois;] syn. iy» : (S, M, A, Msb, KL :) and
a time, whether lung or short ; syn. v >»<>-: (M,
IS.:) sometimes [pronounced ^jC,] without 5:
(S:) pi. olp (Lth,T,S,M,Msb,K) andjp;
(Lth, T, S, M, K ;) the latter a contraction of
jU3; like as they said oUU> and^^S, because of
the unsound letter. (S. [See also art. jl3.]) You

say, 0)13 j^u SjU yiili Ja» 7/c </i'(Z that time after

* ' ', .. i. i

(law, (S.) And «iA3ljO yi ojjb 2'Aw /* /Ac roorj*

of thy times. (A.) = (j"^i OljU L> [npp. mean-
ing fAc blood-revenge of such a one!] (M, 5)
is mentioned by Lh, (M,) or AA, (TA,) but not
explained by him : and he cites the saying of
Hassan,

pi /«j m* / i/ • ( il «

[which probably means Thou wilt assuredly hear
speedily, in their abodes, " God is most great !
the blood-revenge of'Othmdn!" for ISd says,]
in my opinion, (M,) Cj\JO is formed by transposi-

tion from jjj signifying blood [or rather blood-
revenge], (M, K,*) though not agreeing with it

in measure : (M :) and l£~ij here means buy :

.1-'
so says IB. (TA in art. Ad*) [Sec also j\i.]

yl3 Applying himself constantly, or persever-
ingly, to work, after remitting, or remissness.

(SO

it3 : sec art. ~3.

]Uo : sec 4.

Book I.]

O*

1. *e)J jl3, (K,) aor. JyO, (TA,) inf.n. Jy

and JS^y" and a»Lj and O^y •"' yearned to-
wards, longed for, or desired, him or ft ; (K,
TA ;) Am soul yearned towards, longed for, or

desired, him or it. (TA.) And ,J)t ^^JU cJlS
•j^Jl, (JK, 8, Mgh, Msb, but in the latter two
<ui3,) inf.n. Jy 1 (JK,S,M ? b) and jjp (JK,
Msb) and O^y > (§> Mgh, Msb,) ilfy soul yearned
towards, longed for, or desired, tlte thing; (JK,
8, Mgh, Msb ;) and hastened to it : (Msb :) and
bo ; v yjl cil3. (TA.) t ^Jj\ ,J\ jtf also sig-
nifies t He desired, or purposed, to do the thing :
and he was brisk, or prompt, to do it : (JK, K,
TA:) so in the Mo^ee{. (TA.) You say, JU
i>UJI ,j)l llle hastened, with briskness, or prompt-
ness, to the goal. (TA.) And J^S ^ ^t &
X Hasten thou to me, such a one. (TA.) JU

CJjUl TAe gaming-arroto came forth on tlte occa-

•ton o/<Ae shuffling in the game of >-~Jt : (JK,*

?,TA:) so says Ibn-'Abbad. (TA.)_-wiU

j .J

cyijJI I 77te fear* mura" /rom their channels.

(JK,K,TA.)_aJl* JO, inf.n. J3£ (JK,

K) and jy\ (K,TA,) or jy, (CK,) i. q. ^U.

i t , ■■■«> , » [ He gave up his spirit : or he was near to

die]: (JK, K:) said of a man: (JK:) A A says

that i3y-ll signifies <Ae &etn^ tn i/ie very agony of

death; like J*— "• (TA.) _ JU is also *yn. wftA

Jiil, (JK,K,) accord, to Ibn-'Abbad. (TA.)

You say, au JIj, meaning He was cautious, or

in fear, of him or if. (TK.)

• 3 * .*

6. »i— SJI iJI Jjy-J ^ e n,(75 > or became, excited
by a yearning towards, a longing for, or a desire
for, the thing; or he affected and showed a
yearning towards it, a longing for it, or a desire
for it; syn. jyi3. (TA.)

A»y Persons convalescent; or in a state o/
recovery from disease, but not yet completely
restored to health and strength : ( I Aar, K :)
app. pi. of tJSD. (TA.)

• 3- • S'

Jjiy i. q. Jlyi [app. yearning, longing, or
desiring, much, or vehemently ; or wry desirous :
but some regard it as a simple epithet, syn. with
▼JmU; for it is said that] isiy ^-Ju signifies the
same as * iiSU [A yearning, longing, desiring, or
desirous, soul]. (JK, Msb.) It is said in a pro v.,
(TA,)

[/Van w desirous, or wry desirous, of that which
he has not attained]. (S, TA.) __ One whose
soul yearns towards, longs for, or desires, every
lorn, or base, action. (TA.)

• » • ■«

JJU, fem. with S : see Jly, in two places ; and
• »»»
see iiy.

^Ue3, originally £?&#}, A man roAo fea/u,
springs, or bounds, vehemently. (Ibn-'Abbdd, K.)

jy» Yearned towards, longed for, desired, or
desired eagerly. (I Aar, K.)

oy — »jy

«^Jy : see art. wJu.

>y

/y : see <uy, below, in two places.

>y : see >«y , in art. yXi.

<uy sing, of >y [in the CK, erroneously, >yj
and [n. un.] of *j»y ; (M, K ;) One o/ tAe (AJHjM
called j>y>; (S, Msb;) i.e. a i»y [as meaning a
«7t>er 6cad fashioned like a pearl] : (Lth, T :) or
a J»Jj [as meaning an earring] in which is a
large &«■>. [or bead]: (M, K:) or a thing, (T,)
or i«». [i.e. 6co</], (S, Msb,) made of silver, (T,
S, Msb,) iiTte a ^ear/, (T, S,) or like a large pearl,
(S,) of a round form, which a girl puts in Iter

ear. (T.) And hence, as being likened to this,

(T,) fA large pearl : (A A, T:) or a pearl. (M,

K.) And iUy* J^l The pearl-shell : (K, TA :) a
proper name, and therefore imperfectly decl.

(TA.) And J An ostrich's egg: (M,K,TA:)

pi. as above : (M :) ostriches' eggs arc called
♦>y" (A'Obeyd, T,S) as being likened to pearls,
which are thus called : (T :) tlicy arc so called by
Dh^-r-Rummch, where he says,

J&\ ^ & >y Ji\ j~i

J 3. * " j ol j &

[And until there came a day in which, by reason
of the flaming heat, the ostriches' eggs, in the place
where they were deposited in the sand, almost

dried up.] (A'Obeyd, S, M.) _ ^UeyUI is an
appellation applied to two knsecdehs of Jcrcer, in
praise of 'Abd-El-'Azccz Ibn-Marwan. (T.)

j>yM Having a Sy$3 [or necklace] put upon his
neck ; syn. jJU U . (K. [In the CK, erroneously,
J&.])

1. »U, aor. tyi, inf. n. *y (Msb, K) and »y,
(AZ, K,) is syn. with »U having for its aor. <ju!j ;
(Msb, and TA in the present art. and in art. <w;)
[and with r-U», aor. p-yaj and ~ .hj ;] signifying

^fe deviated from, or fo«<, or missed, the right
way; he lost his way; (Msb,TA;) in the desert:
(Msb :) or he was, or became, confounded, or
perplexed, and unable to see his right course:
(TA in the present art. :) or he went away (K,
TA) in the land, confounded, or perplexed, and
unable to see his right course: (TA in art. 4*3 :)
or, as some say, (TA,) kit mind, or intellect, mas,
or became, disordered, confused, or unsound: (K,
TA:) and he perished: (K,TA:) accord, to ISd,
the j_£ in 4,0 is shown to be originally _j by their

saying, «*yi U, as syn. with a^JI U. (TA.) AZ
says, A man of the Benoo-Kildb said to me,

«yJt ,_y ^j^iJI, with damm, meaning [Thou hast
thrown me into] destruction. (TA.) __ Also,
[like «L! aor. &£>, q. v.,] He magnified himself;
or behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently. (K.)

2. iky", (Msb,K,) inf.n. I.y3, (TA,) i.q.

Ay-j, [and «ak.y^ and aa»^t>,] i. e. 7/c wjaite Aim
to deviate from, or low, or toim, f Ae ri^At ?vay ;
raa(/e Aim te 2om Ai.< way : (Msb :) [or Ae nuioe
Aim fo be, or become, confounded, or perplexed,
and unable to see his right course : &c. : see 1 ;

I' 3*

and see a^j, in art. xJ:] or lie destroyed him. (K.)

4. AAy I U i. g. Ay-Jl U [How extraordinary
is he in deviating from, or losing, or missing, the
right way ! in losing his nay ! or in confusion, or
perplexity, and inability to see his right course !
&c. : see 1] : (K in the present art., and S and K
in art. <w ;) as also <t»yj»t U (TA in art. <tJ) and
" I li. (S and TA in that art.)

10. AfcU^wl [He, or it, invited him to deviate
from, or lose, or miss, the right way; to lose his
way] ; from »13, aor. [»y^ and] aw, signifying
jj>. (Ham p. 685.)

«y S"iM (with damm) [A desert, or waterless
desert, in which one loses his way ; or in which
one is confounded, or perplexed, and unable to
see his right course : or in which one perishes] :

in tho K, ijys is erroneously put for S^Li ; (TA;)

•*# •* *
[and in the CK, »y for »y ; which last, in the

CK, is made a pi.:] tlie pi. is oiyi and ajjUI:
(K,TA:) tlie latter is a pi. of the former pi.
(TA.)

*5U part. n. of 1 ; Deviating from, or losing, or
missing, the right way ; losing his way : &c. :
see 1 ; and sec also art. aJ. (TA.)

^jUI «yl y> He is the most extraordinary of
men [in deviating from, or losing, or missing, the
right way ; in losing his way : or] in confusion,
or perplexity, and inability to see his right course :

as also ipAJI aJI : but the former is more common.
(TA.) — [It may also mean He is the proudest,
or vainest, of men.]

ty* C [O misled! misguided! or O thou
who art made to deviate from, or lose, or miss,
the right way !] is said in reviling : and one says

also, 1J£» JjOJ »£Um iJIJ Jli U [JFAa* is the
case of that misled, or misguided, man, that he
does thus?] (TA.)

1. Jfcj, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) in the dial, ot
Teiyi j£5, (AAF, M,) aor. - , (S, K,) inf. n.
jjy*, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) It perished; came to
an end; (S, Mgh,K;) it passed away (T, M,
Mgh) unhoped for : (T, M :) said of property.
(T, S, M, Mgh.) Hence the saying, in a trad.,
JLm* (V>*l JU iJS iCyi *$ [TAere «AaW be no
perishing of the property of a man that is a
Muslim] : applied to the case of a man to whom
is transferred the responsibility for a debt, and
who dies insolvent; meaning that the respon-
sibility shall return to him who transferred it.
(Mgh.)

4. elyl He (God, M, K, or another, S) de-
stroyed it, made an end of it, or caused it to
perish or come to an end; (S, K ;) Ae made it
away ; (T, M ;) namely, property, (S, M,) or his
property. (T.)= See also art. y.

41 •

324

f (S, M,Mgh,K) and *.13 (Mgh) Perishing,-
coming to an end; (S, Mg1i,K;) passing away
(M, Mgh) unhoped for : (M :) applied to pro-
perty. ($,M,Mgh.j

•V A perishing of property ; its coming to an
end ; or becoming lost. (TA.)

I .

ijyi Remaining, staying, dwelling, or abiding:

(I Aor, M, £ :) but ,^3, witli £>, is butter known
in this sense. (M.)

jU : sec yi.

• *

• »»« J 4

Slyu «•!)! [Niggardliness, or avarice, is a

anise of perishing to property]: a saying of the
Arabs, inclining, if thou withhold projierty from
its right dis|H>snl, (Jod will imiko it to pnss away
in that which is not its right dis]>o8ul. (M.)

— j ,3.

Sj.

I made, or wrote,

2. i i i , m. >U C~~J |:mil

a beautiful o]. (M.i, 'J'.)

vJ^ei ; urol iiyJ Sj**a3 : see ,^513, in art. Ij3,

»- ' -» - i-

V, arid JU, and JUL; : sec art. U.

iW ■ ami. var., or a mispronunciation, of
J& (TA.)

1. ^U, aor. £^, inf. n. -^J, It (a thing) mm,
or Itecame, easy, and facilitated, or prcjxired.
(M ? b.) And 4 .Ll3, (S,L,£,) aor. as above,
(£,) and so the inf. n. ; (TA ;) and * Lj\ ; (S,
K H (a thing) nw* appointed, or ordained,
to him, or /or /urn ; (S :) or was prepared for
him; as also *J ^tf, aor. L^, (K,) inf. n. 1^3 :
(TA :) and it (au event) was appointed, ordained,
or decreed, to betide him. (L.) Ono says, iil
..Uil* J*.; 4 ^.13 ^V« u* [#« /"« into a
place of destruction, and a man was appointed,
or ordained, or prepared, for him, and he saved
him}: (Lth,TA:) or »j£i\ &» 2 tJ^li and

*-***■ v>» *» r-^ \and there was appointed, &c,
for him he who saved him]. (A ) — -.-_.'■ ^ * ' rj

XT» affected an inclining of his body from side
to side in his gait, or manner of walking. (S, KL.)

4. L.\3\, (§, A, Mfb,$,) inf. n. iL(3t, (Msb,)
He (God, 9, A, Msb, It) »um?« tt (a thing) easy;
facilitated it; (Msb;) or prej>ared it: (Msb,
£ :) or appointed it, or ordained it ; (S, A ;)
whether good or evil; (TA;) 4 to him, or for

him. (9, A.) Ono says, 'Jb\ llifc &£ .J iij
»»'•« • » .»» »• * ' *».

» jil l >» a) fife fell into a place of destruction,
and Ood appointed, or prejtared, for him, him
who saved him]. (Lth, TA.) And it is said in a
trad., i^S ji y •** > *) [I will assuredly appoint, or

ordain, or prc]Mre,for them, trial, or punishment,
or conflict and faction, or lAc //Ac]. (TA.) See
also 1, in two places.

0^«5| (T,S, A,) or O^s 3 * ( 80 '" 0I1C C0 ) )V
of the S,) or botli, (L,K1,) like ,jCL and oLA

applied to a horse, and oWe* nnd oC* applied
to a mnn, the only otlicr initancct of the kind,
(L,) or the former is not allowable, (Hum p. 58,)
so says Sb, as is stated in a marginal note in a
copy of the S, (TA,) applied to a horse, meaning
That goes obliquely, (S, A, K,) by reason of Irish-
nets, liveliness, or spriyhtlincs*, (S, K,) and bends
over on each side ; (S, A ;) as also t «.y and
" pa* * : (?, A, K :) or that runs vehemently :

and all signify, applied to a horse, fleet, swift, or
excellent in running. (T,TA.) Alley th explains
tlie first and second as meaning l\dl, or long.
(TA.) _ It is also applied to a man, meaning
IF'Ao addresses himself to every generous action,
and difficult affair: (T.TA:) or forward, offi-
cious, meddling, or a busybody, (A, and Hum
pp. 58 and 005,) who strys that which docs not
concern him : (Ham p. 505 :) or who obtrudes
himself, or i/ttci feres, in affairs: (Abu-I-'Alu
El-Ma'arrce in a marginal note in a copy of the
S, and Ham p. 58:) or, as also t ^U, (S,JC,)

uiul *«.U3, (K,) who obtrudes himself, or in-
terferes, in that which dees not concern him : (S,
K. :) or who falls into trials, or afflictions : (K :)
or f m. t . : «, (TA,) which is also applied as an
epithet to a heart, (S, A, TA,) signifies who
obtrudes himself, or interferes, in everything, and
falls into that which does not concern him; or
who incessantly falls into trials, or afflictions ;
und its fern, is with 5; (TA;) or who intrudes
among a people whose affair, or business, is not
hit: (IAar,T,TA:) and t'u,, (!£,) applied
to a man, (TA,) signifies much in motion; forward,
officious, meddling, or a busybody. (KL,* TA. [In
the CI£, u Zuj*}\ is erroneously put for tA;.>*M-])

[Book I.

< i-

jW 3 Waves: (S, M, A, Msb:) or waves of t lie

sea, or of a great river, (M, I Atli, K,) having a
current; (K,* TA ;) and tV* mam body, or deep:
(IAtli, TA:) [in the present day, the current, or
mam current, of a sea or great river:] or vehe-
mence of flow or current: (Msb:) accord, to
some, of the measure JUi, from ^-3 ; (Msb ;)
i. e., from ^3 signifying " vanity" and "pride:"
(TA :) accord, to others, of the measure JU-i,
(Msb, TA,) from jl3, aor. J 5 £>, though this verb
is obsolete, (TA,) originally jl^-3, the ^ being
changed into ^j and then incorporated into the
preceding ,j. (Msb.) — Applied to a man,
J Vain, or having a fond opinion of himself, (A,
K,) and proud; (K ;) who swells up liftc waves,
in his vanity. (A.) — \A home that rites like
waves in h\s running. (A.)_l A vein that runt,
or flowt, quickly, when cut. (S, A, K.)

9 m* 9 , **

-.y : see oU-^S, in two places.

• .*#

C\U A thing appointed, ordained, or decreed;

also t p-Cio

see ^

(K-)
3, in three places.

£-Sr^> : see ^)U^3 : = and «_U«.

jl3 and JjU (mentioned in this art. in the S) :
see the latter in art jyi.
»
»«3 A beam between two walls : (K : [in which

this word, with the art. Jl, is explained by j5UJI
oikSUJI^J: in the M, i > ! l»SWJt && >.UJI,
i. e. a partition between two gardens, or walled
gardens of palm-trees : the former I regard as the
right reading (though SM thinks the contrary) ;
for it expresses a well-known meaning of ^3 in
Persian ; and it is said that J«3 is] a Persian word,
arabicized. (M.) = f Vanity, or a fond opinion
of oneself, (?,) and pride. (TA.)

!• ur>^» [aor. u-rt,] J£e (a kid) became a ^--3.
(M, TA.)_[AIso, upp., life became like a ho-
goat in stupidity : for what immediately follows
np|KXlN to bo the fein. of the imp. of this vcrl».]
*,_y-e5 is a word used in declaring a thing to be
yiiiu, and false : (M, K:) or it is au execration :
[for <LjO, an cvulcnt mistiike, which I find in
copies of the K, and in the TA, I read 3^«J ;] and
a reproach : (K :) the vulgar say (jyJ, changing
the yji into J. (TA.) One says to a she-hyena,
jl*»- ^fy*; (A/1C,) meaning \Iie thou liftc tlie
he-goat (^--3) in stupidity, () site-hyena : and
these wonls arc a proverb applied to a stupid
man. (A, TA.) The same words were directed,
by Aboo-Kiyooh, as is related in a trad., to be
said to a J^£, (M, TA,) as though one said' to her,
Thou licst, or hast lied, O girl. (TA.) And ono
says to a man, ^,--3, and { J»^o.\, [as though he
were a she-hyena, or a woman,] when he speaks
foolishly, or stupidly, or says what is not like
anything. (AZ, TA.)

3. *J>» tr-iu, (A,) inf. n. i-jU* and ^y, (A,
K,) I He strove, struggled, contended, or conflicted,
with his adversary ; syn. <UiiU: (A:) [he strove
with his adversary to repel him, like as a he-goat
strives with another:] the inf. n. signifies tlie same
us i-jl^o, and i_jl£o, and ixsl jlc. (K.)

6. il«JI ^JC3 \ The waves of the, water con-
flicted, or dashed together. (A, TA.)

10.>i)l

t I The thc-goat became like

the ^-J [or he-goat] : (M, [but in a copy of that
work, for jiil I find SlJjl,] A,£:) like jyij
J^aJI : (S :) a prov. applied to a vile man who
becomes mighty, (A,) or who magnifies himself:
(K :) one should not say C— ISU. (Th, M, TA.)

^-,(3 A he-goat ; the mafe of the j*u» : (S,* M,
A, K :) and the male of the mountain-goat : (A,
K:) and of tlie gazelle : (S,M,A,K:) the female
of the last [as well as of the first and second] is
called j-;*: (S, M:) or that has completed a year :
(A, ^ :) or a yearling he-goat : before tlie year
it is called JfJ^ : (AZ,* Ms b, TA :) pi. (of pauc,

Book I.]

M) J.UI (S, M,K) and J43', (M, TA,) and (of
mult., M) yj*}$ (S, M, Msb, K) and al^i and
* JUj^U [like iU^ii, q. v.] : (K :) the last
[which is properly a quiu-i-pl. n.] signifies the
nunc as ^-^e>, (S,)or a ' ,tf, '<' °/\j"it>- (^) You
say of the »-l£», [i. c. of him who marries often,

or the like,] o^ 13 u** *£>*t~» O-* ->* t ['''• H*
is of the he-goats of the suns if such a one]. (A,
TA.)

ij~3 The quality, in a she-goat, of having horns
like those of the mountain-goat, (K, TA,) tw
length. (TA.)

^,-,3 : see 1.

i\l~j ji*. A she-goat having long horns, (M,
A,) /<A« r/«c u-eS : (A :) or having horns lihe
those of the mountain-goat, (K, TA,) in length.
(TA.)

<L...,:> aJ [J» Aim u goatishness]; some say
"iL-v^-vJ, [in the TA x~*y£, but tho former, which
is found in tho L as well as in the S and K, seems,
from whut here follows, to bo the right,] (S, L,
K,) and [in like uiniuier, for Sgfafe they say]
A e ty> t 'r-», but [J says] I know not what is the
truth thereof: (S :) the former word is preferable.
(0,TA.)

ig r j i t ."i : sec (j; .. ,. i.

^Cj ^1 poxsexM'r of^t^i [or Ac-^oflfa] : (M :)
or one who holds the v~i>- (§> K '• explained in
the former by i^-c'JI JJU»< ^JJI : and in like
manner in the latter, by *£..»«.)

iU)£^e : see ^^-l 1 , in two ] duces.

iLo : sec art. 0.

-*v

wW

iJtS [Hemp, of tehich ropes and chilis are
manufactured ; thus called by the Arabs in the
present day; perhaps from the Persian *}£ "a
rope;"] a certain thing resembling flax, that comes
forth from the sea ; [possibly meaning that it is
imported into Arabia ;] and of which cloths are
tvoven. (TA.)

1. jXi, [aor. j^i, inf. n. .^3,] He loved exces-
sively : (T :) [or he became enslaved, or brought
into subjection, by love ; (see 2 ;) and so '♦ 'y^-J,
as explained in Kull p. 1(55 : (see >_-»- :) or Aw
reason departed, and became disordered, in consc-
guence of love and desire ; for] ^«j signifies the
departing of reason, and t<» becoming disordered,
(T,TA,) tn consequence of love and desire. (TA.)

7/e became alone, apart from others. (T,TA.)

«.£u, (T,S,M,K,) aor. i^i, (T,) inf. n.
J£ ; (T, M, 5 ;) and t^,^(T,'M, K,) [which
is the more common,] inf. n. ^~?3 i (K ;) -SAe (a
woman) enslaved him (S, M, K.) by love of her,

(M,) and brought him into subjection: (S, K:)
and she enslaved it, and brought it into subjection;
namely, his heart: (R:) or she deprived him of
his reason ; disordered his reason. (T.) And
<ul3, (K,) inf. n. as above ; (M,K ;) and "a**? ;
(S, K ;) It (love, S, K, or love and desire, M,
and excessive love, K) enslaved him, (S, M, K,)
and brought him into subjection. (S,K.)

2 : sec 1, in two [daces.

5 : sec 1.

8.J»dl, (T,S,) inf. n. JLui, (T,S,M,) He (a

man) slaughtered his i»*3 [q. v.] : (T, S, M :)

and in like manner, C-*UI, said of a woman :

(T :) or j»\*j\ signifies the slaughtering camels,
and sheep or goafs, for no cause. (IAar, T.)

• a- 4 0*

jgZ i.q. jk.fr [us meaning A slave, and a ser-
vant or worshipper of God or of a false god] :
whence the names <u)l _ /tt j [The servant of God]
aiidO^JI^3 [The servant of El-Ldt]: (S,M,
K :) pi. j>yt?: it is originally an inf. n., from «loU:
or an epithet like its sy n. ju» : J says that it is
from ^Jj| *i2. (TA.)

i„._j (as b1*.-j XJ3, with hemic, K) A ewe, or
she-goat, which her owner milhs for himself,
(A'Obcyd, T, §, M, K,) tn his abode, (S, M, K,)
of those which he has reared, (A'Obeyd, T,) «o/
left to pasture where she pleases; (A'Obeyd, T,
S, II, K;) but sometimes slaughtered, when her
owner is tN want of flesh-meat : (A'Obeyd, T :)
or one that is slaughtered in a time of famine :
(AZ, T, M, K:) or one beyond forty, until the
number attains to the next amount that requires
one to be given for the poor rate : (M , 1£ :) or
one that is slaughtered gratuitously, not for a
compensation, when persons desire flesh-meat.
(Alloy th, T.) as Also A [hind of amulet, such as
is called} .1»«e3, that is hung upon a child : (K :)
a pp. a contraction ofi^-^j. (TA.)

llcrJ 1^0,1 A [desert] land such as is termed
Sjii, that causes one to lose his way and to perish :
or a wide tract of land : (M, K :) or a land in
which is no water : (T:) and iU«3 alone a [desert
such as is termed] S^i ; (T, S, K ;) because one
loses his way therein : (T :) and a wide S^i.
(T.) = £U«^)t The stars oft\jymJ\ [app. meaning
Gemini, also called ^UiyJI]. (K.)

^0*31 [More, and most, enslaved by love]. TIencc

J-5j*}\ ^yo ^qjjI [More enslaved by love than El-

Murahhish : a prov. : see Freytag's Arab. Prov.

i. 255]. (TA.)

• *
jet?* '. see what follows.

•a- j
jt^U Enslaved, and brought into subjection, by

love : (S:) having the heart enslaved, and brought
into subjection, and affected with vehement love so
as to be deprived of his reason : (Abu-l-'Abbiis
El-Ahwal, TA :) or deprived of his reason ; dis-
ordered therein; by women; as also *^ee£o: and
led astray. (T.)

^t? The tree of the ^J^ [orcommonfg; feus

carica]: or the ,jJ^ itself; (M:) [orW; i.e.]
a certain wcll-hnoicn. hind of tree ; and the fruit
thereof: (TA :) [or the latter only;] a certain
thing that is eaten, (S, Msb,) well hnown : (Msb,
K :) fresh and rijn; it is the most apjtroved of
fruits, and the most nutritious, and the least
flatulent; drawing, dissolvent, having the pro-
perty of opening obstructions of the liver and
spleen, and laxative ; and the eating much thereof
engenders lice : (K : [the last word in this expla-
nation in the K is J-oio, which I render agreeably
with the T£, having found no authoritative ex-
planation of it : but in my own opinion, the
meaning of this word is fattening, for J^i sig-
nifies "he became fat after being lenn ;" and my
opinion is confirmed by what here follows:]) it is
a pleasant fruit, having nothing redundant, and a
nice food, quick of digestion, and a very useful
medicine, for it has a laxative jtroperty, dissolves
phlegm, purifies the hidneys, removes sand of the
bladder, opens obstructions of the liver and spleen,
and fattens the body: it is also said, in a trad.,
that it stops hemorrhoids, and is good for the
gout : (Bd xcv. 1 :) AHn says, f Acre are many
hinds thereof; that of the desert, that of the
cultivated land, that of the plains, and that of
the mountains ; and it is abundant in the land of
the Arabs : and he adds, on the authority of an
Arab of the desert, of the Sarah, that it is, in t/tc
Sarah, very abundant, and allowed to be com-
monly t alien ; and is eaten by the people there in
its fresh state, and also dried and stored : (M :)
the word is Arabic: (Msb:) [a coll. gen. n. :]
n. un. with S. (S, M, Msb.) This is what is
meant in the Kur [xcv. 1], where it is said,
Oy£jJbj Cfcijlj, (T, S, M, Msb,) accord, to I 'Ah,
(T, S, Bd, Jcl,) and the generality of the interpre-
ters: (Msb:) or these two words mean two
mountains (S, M, Bd, Jcl) of Syria, (S, Jel,) or
of the Holy Land, (Bd,) that produce the two
fruits thus named : (Jcl :) or, accord, to a Syrian
interpreter, certain mountains extending from
Hul wan to Hemdiin, and tho mountains of Syria:
(Fr, T :) or Damascus and Jerusalem : (M, Bd :)
or tho mosque of Damascus and that of Jeru-
salem : (Bd :) or two mosques in Syria : accord,
to AHn, the former is the name of a mountain in
the country of (ihatafan ; but there is no moun-
tain thus called in Syria. (M.)_ Among the

kinds of ^i is that called j~»>JI o*> [The syca-
more-fig ; ficus sycomorus; also called the Egyp-
tianfig] ; described voce j***-, q. v. (AHn.)_
[ j^wJ^iSI i^JI and .JayUI 1 _>~JI arc appellations
applied in the present day to The Indian fig, or
prichly pear ; cactus opuntia : Forskdl (Flora
Aegypt. Arab. p. lxvii) applies the former name
to the cochineal Indian fig ; cactus cochinillifer.]

i^Jl also signifies t The anus : (AHn, M,

R :) [opposed to ~t>j t \n?\\ as meaning "the puden-
dum muliebre."]

^UJ : see art. ^j2.

0& A seller ofoJ [or figs]. (TA.)

f' 00 %*0%0

ii\Zt, [originally 3j^j>] A fig-garden. (KL.)
And iiUo tjejl A land abounding with ^>-j [or
figs]. (TA.)

32G

<V

1. .13, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. «*, (S.Msb,)

inf. n. V (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and !£ (K) and
OWi (§»K,) >s *y». «>i<A »U having for its aor.
'*£-, (Mfb,TA;) [and with «lU», aor. L^u

and *-y»i ;] signifying 7/e deviated from, or
/o*<, or mitted, the right way; he lost his way;
(Mgh,Msb,K,TA;) in the desert: (Mgh.Msb:)
he was, or became, confounded, or perplexed, and
unable to see his right course: (Mgh:) he went
away in the land, confounded, or perplexed, and
unable to see his right course : (S, TA :) [or his
mind, or intellect, was, or became, disordered,
confused, or unsound : (see »ti in art. »y :)] and
he perished. (TA in art. «y.) You say also,
*T; e A„. 4,1 c-»U /ZV* *Aip deviated from the right
course with him. (TA.) And J>*v ■*>£ »U
Thine eye, or </*y x'^Af, passed me over; syn.
,J»li. (Aboo-Turtlb,TA.) «L^ »U [in the CK,
erroneously, »j~ai] signifies also wiO, (K,TA,
[in the CK t_*li,] i. e., accord, to 'Arrum, lie
loohed at a thing continually, or continuously
(>l)> ^J [app. at one confounded, or perplexed,
and unable to tee aright]). (Aboo-Turdb,TA.)^
Also, i0, f (?,K,) aor. i^, (S,) inf. n. Ip, (S,
K,) and <v is said to be a dial. var. of this, but
is doubtful ; (MF ;) [like »13 having for its aor.
«y^;] He magnified himself; or behaved proudly,
haughtily, or insolently : (S, K :) and /ic affected
to be commended for, or praised for, or Ac gloried
in, that which he did not possess ; [i. e. Ac nxu,
or became, conceited, or vain-glorious; or Ac
behaved conceitedly, or vain-gloriously ;] or Ac
overpassed the due bounds in elegance of mind or
manners or address or speech or person or atttro
and (A« Zt'Ae, and arrogated to himself superiority
therein, through pride : (K :) [or rather, Ac roa*,
or became, vain ; or Ac behaved vainly : for] Er-
Hiigliib makes a distinction between y ^*« and
a5U ; saying that the V fc»« believes himself
with respect to tho opinion or judgment that he
forms of himself indecisively, from evidence out-
weighed in probability ; whereas tho a5U believes

himself decisively. (MF and TA in art. i_ j»r)

One says, A<y ^Xc a^ y. [fig behaves proudly,

or conceitedly, or vainly, towards his people].
(TA.)

2. Ay-j t. a. A»y [and a»~J» and 4*>y»], i. e.,
He made him to deviate from, or lose, or miss,
tlte right way; made him to lose his way: (Msb:)
[or Ac made him to be, or become, confounded, or
perplexed, and unable to see his right course :
tec. : see 1 :] Ac destroyed, or lost, or left or
neglected, him or ft. (K.) And a-Ji> a,J JJc
made himself to be, or become, confounded, or
perplexed, and unable to see his right course;
(S, TA ;) as also l^y and l^.y* : (S :) or Ac
destroyed himself. (TA.)

4. AyJI u : see *»y I U, in art. »y .

10. a*U£*1 : see art. »y.

Ap : see aJ.

*e3 [originally an inf. n. : see 1, throughout:]

A SjUU [i. e. desert, or waterless desert, &c.,]
(S, Msb, K) t'« wAjcA one loses his way, (S,)
wherein is no sign, or marA, whereby one may be
guided therein; as also t ii^J : (Msb:) pi. ȣl
and <u 3UI, (S, K,) the latter of which is a pi. of
the former pi, (TA,) and AAjlit. (Meyd, in Frey-

tag's Lex.) [Hence,] **JI, [also called , -$ «J
*• ■ r * * ^^* *

J*4r-»t ,] 27*c pZacc [or dc*er<] t» roAicA <Ac CAt'Z-

dren of Israel lost their way, between Egypt and the
'Akahch [at the liead of the eastern gulf of the lied
Sea], unable to find the way of egress from it. (TA.)

• . •*' * ••* • * *"' * •' '

_ <w ^jl and T Ay and " Jly-3 (K) and " i»«io,

(S, K,) originally [*ie£»,] of the measure alslo,
(S,) and • i^u and t a^L and t a^U (K) and
* * t s* * (TA) A iand wherein one loses hit way,
(S, K, TA,) »i-jdc, and having in it no signs, or
marlis, of the way, nor mountains nor hills.
(TA.) And * AjSl Jj^ ^1 country to which, and
in which, one cannot find his way. (TA.)

i\£ : see <juj, in two places.

^V^J : see aju, in two places. __ Also, and

[Book I.

OW a ™ " OW> Daring, or 60W; w/*o /»»■-
*«&>• a random, or heedless, course, without any
certain aim or object, in affairs: applied to a
man : and in like manner to a camel : and, with
5, to a she-camel. (TA.)

\j\~i and o W : scc u W" '• a, "l sce a ' so "^^-
oU3 : scc ajU, in two places.

a513 Deviating from, or losing, or missing, the
right way ; losing his way ; (Mgh ; scc also art.
»y ;) and so * OW an ^ t m an intensive sense,
like *e^»,] ' »Q> : (K :) deviating from the right
way and magnifying himself or bcluiving proudly
or haughtily or insolently : or deviating from the
right way ami being confounded or perplexed,
unable to sce his right course. (T A.) __ t Devia-
ting from the right way in opinion : (Mgh :)
desiring a thing and unable to find the right
way. (JA.eh.')-^ Magnifying himself; or behaving
proudly, haughtily, or insolently : affecting to be
commended for or praised for, or glorying in,
that which he does not possess; or overpassing
the due bounds in elegance of mind or manners
&c. : [sec 1, last sentence but one : it is best ren-
dered behaving proudly, or conceitedly, or vainly:]
and in like manner t »Lj ; (K ;) but this has an
intensive signification ; [meaning, like **?*, very
proud or conceited or vain ;] (TA ;) and f ^j\*J
and * ^Q and t ,jlyJ : (K :) or only aSU and
«U, accord, to IDrd. (TA.)

iP»L)t a«jI yk: scc oyl in art. «y, whero it is
explained on the authority of the TA. [In the S
it seems to be indicated by the context that tlte
meaning is He is the proudest of men.] __ Scc
also <suj, last sentence.

: scc <w.

A man having much Aj3 [meaning pride,
or conceit, or »an«<y] : or N)Ao deviates from, or
Zoms, or inisses, the right way, or »»Ao /o«r.s his
way, much, or o/i!cn. (TA.)

• * _' «*^#* •** «~*j t

< and AygZc and A y j' .t and iy-i« : scc <w.

[Book L]

The fourth letter of the alphabet : called SO and
[respecting which latter sec the letter ._>] : the
pi. [of the former] is Ol»0 ; and [of the latter,]
Hyl and f$. (TA in l£ui .JU^I ^.) It is
one of the letters termed L*y+yo [or non-vocal,
i. e. pronounced with the breath only, without

the voice], and of those termed 3u ji) [or gingival],
which are <1> and i and 1». (TA at the com-
mencement of .131 w)b.)__ It is sometimes sub-
stitutcd for wi, as in the instance of i)U»- and

ilUU- ; and for .-», as in the instance of oWV

• • • j
and (jU"*' ; and for other letters. (TA in the

latter place.) = [As a numeral, it denotes Five

hundred.]

and & : sec the letter £>, and arts, ty and^.

R. Q. 1. 1513 Jle watered camels to their satis-
faction : (S, M, K ; but in some copies of the
S, the verb is made trans, by means of o :) or
he watered them (T, M) so as to quench their
thirst, (T,) but not so as to satisfy them. (T, M.)
__ Also, contr., lie kept camels thirsty ; i. e. he
did not water them at all; or he watered them
little, so that they were not satisfied. (K,* TA.)
__ lie extinguished fire. (Sgh,K.) He stilled

anollicr's anger. (TA.) And ou-ai <ut 00 He
quenched his anger. (M.) [Or this may be ren-
dered He dispelled from him his anger: agreeably
with what follows.] __7/c removed (I Did, M,
K) a thing (M) from its place. (IDrd, M, £.)

—ysjiJt ^jt. 00 He repelled from, or defended,
the people, or company of men, (As, S, K,) and
rendered them reciprocal aid. (Af, TA.) 00,

(T, M, K,) inf. n. S130, (T,) also signifies He
restrained, or withheld, (T, M, K,) a man (T,
M,) from (^>*) another man, (T,) or from (^>*)
a tiling, or an affair. (M.) = J/^t CA30 TVie
camels drank to their satisfaction: (M,K:) or
drank, but not so as to satisfy themselves. (M.)
__ And, contr., The camels thirsted. (K.) __

And 00 It became stilled; (K ;) said of anger.

(TA.) See also R. Q. 2. = l _ r 4^L. 013, (AA,

AZ,M,£,) inf. n. l5&, (5,) like MO, (TA,)
He called the he-goat (AA, AZ, M, £) <o copu-
late. (AA,K1.)

R. Q. 2. OUJ He deemed it right that he should
abide, or remain, where he was, (AZ, T, K,) and
abstain, ( AZ, TA,) after he had desired to make
a journey (AZ, T, J£) to a country, or land.
(AZ, TA.) And j&\ ^ bfe, (M,) or Ji t CO

• i ' ' '

•(jiJI, (TA,) He deemed it right that he should
abstain from the affair, or thing, (M, TA,) or

that he should pause at it, (M,) after he had

desired it. (M,TA.) IL. o003 U^li o^JU

J»»e< such a one, and feared him. (As, S, 5-*)

y&

1. ^J, ('Eyn,T,M,K,) like j£, (K,) and
^,-J!}, (IKoot, L, and so in a copy of the A,)

inf. n. »,j0, (K,) or ^0, (M,) He became relaxed
and sluggish; said of a man: (A:) or Ac became
affected with sluggishness and languor; (M;) as
also *w>ALj : (M, A :) or lie became affected with
sluggishness and languor like the languor of draw-

siness ; as also ~^>M3 and *w>UJ ; (K ;) which
last is approved by IDrd and Thsibit Es-Sara-
kustce, who disallow 1^>Mj, tliough this is the
form commonly known and approved, and is the
most chaste form : (TA :) or he became affected
with languor lilie the heaviness of drowsiness, in
consequence of something that he had eaten or
drunk, without becoming insensible ; (T ;) as also
*w>A1j : (L:) or » this last signifies he yawned, or
opened his mouth, (Mgh, Msb,) by reason, (Mgh,)
or on the occasion, (Msb,) of languor (Mgh,
Msb,) like the heaviness of drowsiness ; (Mgh ;)
or lie yawned, or opened his mouth, and stretched
himself, on being affected by sluggishness or drow-
siness or anxiety ; (MF, TA, on the authority of
IDrst ;) or he yawned, or opened his mouth, dud
emitted wind from his stomach, by reason of some
affection thereof: (TA on the authority of Et-

Tedmu,ree:) vj^ 1 « from ajjln ; (AZ,T,S,
Mgh j) and is on the occasion of one's stretching
himself, and being languid : (Lth, T :) one should
not say vi^'; (AZ, T,S, O, Mgh;) [for] this is
vulgar. (Msb.) Hence, L kji^^j^-I t^,;tii lit

> ' ' i

»\i [When any one of you yawns, he should cover
his mouth with the back of his left hand ; for it is
believed that the devil leaps into die uncovered
yawning mouth]. (Mgh.)

5 : see 1.

6 : see 1, in six places.

fljjj, (T, S, M, $, &c.,) as also £]$, accord, to
Ibn-Mis-hal, but this is strange, (TA,) is a subst.
derived from .-jjliUI, like i\*L* from , .K»lll ;
(T ;) or from ^i ; and means A state of relaxa-
tion and sluggishness: (A:) or sluggishness and
languor (M, I£) like the languor of drowsiness :
(!£:) or languor like tlie heaviness of drowsiness,
in consequence of something that one has eaten or
drunk, not attended by insensibility : (T, L :) or
a yawning, or opening the mouth, by reason of
languor like the heaviness of drowsiness ; (Mgh :)
or a yawning, or opening the mouth, and Stretching
oneself, on being affected by sluggishness or drow-
siness or anxiety : (IDrst, MF, TA :) or a yawn-

ing, or opening the mouth, and emitting wind
from the stomach, by reason of some affection
thereof. (Et-Tedmurec, TA.) Hence the prov.,

;WjLl S* ^jil, (S, A, TA,) and tfjj&IJ with-
out », as some say ; (MF;) or the pronunciation
without > is vulgar, (IDrst, TA,) or erroneous ;
(TA ;) [More catching than yawning ;] for when
a man yawns (<_>»Uj l}l) in the presence of others,
they become affected as he is. (TA.)

*->3y-* Affected with sluggishness and languor
like the languor of drowsiness : from «-w, q. v.

(S)

1. '$, (T,S,M ? b,) and * j'o, (T, S, M, Msb,

K,) aor. - , (Msb, K,) inf. n. *J& and lj|5, (S,) or

»' **
the latter is a simple subst., as is also °jj)J, (Lh,

M, K,) He revenged, or avenged, his blood, by

retaliating his slaughter ; lie slew his slayer. (T,

S, M, Msb, K.) [Hence, idjdu jii and aiyi^/

The blood of his slain relation was revenged, or

avenged, by retaliation of his slaughter : see 10.]

— [Hence also,] ilJJ iHi Oj'o ^, (£,) or ^Jl

tjys, (A,) { May his arms, or hands, not profit

such a one. (A,I£.)^ Also o.O, and <v jO, (M,

K,) and J»yUI jO, inf. n. jO, (T,) He sought to
revenge, or avenge, or retaliate, (T, M, ]£,) his
blood, (M, K,) and the blood of the people, or
party. (T.) It is said in a prov., jO <j* j,\^ *^
[He will not slccjj who seeks to revenge, or avenge,
or retaliate, blood] : in the Kdmil of Mbr, [and
in some copies of Mcyd,] *jOl ,>• [which seems
to signify the same]. (TA.)__[And tj\i and
*/ jb signify also He slew him in blood-revenge,
or in retaliation of the blood of a relation : see
}}y**.] — I jSJ dOjO I have obtained my blood-
revenge, or retaliation, of thee by such [a deed, or
person]. (S, IjC.)

4 : see 8.

8. jUI, originally jU3t, He obtained his blood-
revenge, or retaliation; syn. «J0 ilpl ; (T, S, M,
£;) Z*from him; (T,S;) as also tjo'l: (M,
K :) and *J*» jUI lie slew the slayer of his relation.
(T.) Lebced says,

[And the old she-camels, if they seek to obtain
benefit from a worn rotten bone of me after death,
I used to retaliate upon them by anticipation] :
(T, S:) i. e., I used to slaughter [some of] them
for guests, and so I have retaliated upon them
during my life for their nibbling my rotten bones

328

after my death : for when camels do not find
herbage of the kind called u n«^, they eat the
bones of dead men and of camels instead thereof.
(T.) Sec also 1.

10. j&wl lie (a relation of a slain man, A)
sought, or ashed, aid, in order that the blood of
hit slain [relation] might be revenged, or avenged,
by retaliation of his slaughter (aIjU^ jW)>
(AZ, S, K,) or in order that he might tahe, or
seek, revenge, or vengeance, for his slain [rela-
tion]. (A.)

jV3, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) which may be
also pronounced ji, i. e., with the » suppressed,
(Msb,) and *2,0, (A,) and * sjji, (S,) which
Inst is a subst. [from jIj], as also ♦ Sjj^j, (Lb,
M, 1£,) Mood-revenge ; or retaliation of murder
or homicide: or a seeking to revenge, or avenge,

or retaliate, blood : [see 1, of which jl> is an
inf. n. :] or a desire, or seeking, for retaliation of
a crime or of enmity : or retention of enmity in
the heart, with watchfulness for an opportunity

• ft 9 ' '

to indulge it : syn. ^U-i : (S, A, Msb :) or ^JUs
>jJl/ : (M, K :) or jJU» : (Mgh :) or (so accord.
t<> the M ; but accord, to the J£, "and") blood
(M, £) ft*j{/\- (M :) pi. j\j\ and jtf I ; the latter
fonned by transposition. (Yaakoob, M.) You

•ay, $ S)ji\ (S, Mgh, K) and tifcjj (As, T, S)
[He obtained, or attained, or fWt, his blood-
revenge, or retaliation : or] /«« attained the ohjert
of hi* pursuit [fur hlood-reveitgc, or retaliation] ;

from «jl) : (As, T :) or lie slew the slayer of his
relation. (Mgh.) And »j\l/ ^Ai» ire sought to
obtain his blood- revenge, or retaliation; syn.
*xL±t w-iL. (S and Msb in art. J*>o.) And
».»-£■ ^jU wJLbi lil J seek my blood-revenge of

him; syn. .JU-i. (A.) And o*^-» J-" 6 l5»«
My blood-revenge is a debt owed to me by such a
one ; syn. i«A»-i : meaning (uc/i a c*»« u //<e
slayer of my relation. (A.) =jlj' ulso signifies,
(A,) or *_pti, (T,) 0/t« wAo **«//* blood-revenge,
or retaliation of the slaughter of his relation :
and one of whom is sought blood-revenge, or reta-
liation of the slaughter of a relation : (T, A :)
the latter primarily signifies a slayer; and hence,
a slayer of a person's relation in vengeance, or
retribution : (Ham p. 037 :) and the former, one
who is sought, or pursued, for blood-revenge ; an
inf. n. used as a subst. : (Ham p. 87 :) the slayer
of a panon'l relation; (S, M, A, K;) as also
*yl3: (A:) pi. of the former jU I and jOI [as
above] (K) and Oljtf: (S, A,£:) the first of
which three is [also] pi. of ^50. (T.) You say,
•jV5 yi He is the slayer of his relation. (S.)
And Q"^i Oljtf W O slayers of such a one. (T,

9. KO OU-* Oljl5 l*, occurring in a trad., which
is also related with the substitution of -OljU for
Oijtf, may be explained in the same manner; or
it may mean ye seekers of the blood-revenge of
'Othmdn, aid me to obtain it; the prefixed noun
^li, or JjLi, being understood. (Nh, T A. [See

also 5j0 in art. j>>.]) ^o*- 6 j^> [A slayer of one s
relation who causes his slayer <o s/c<y>,] means ohc
»r»<« k7<o»i </te iecAer [of blood-revenge or retalia-
tion'] is contented, if he find him [and slay him],
so that he sleeps after; (S, K;) one who, if slain,
causes the pursuer of blood-revenge to cease from
the pursuit : (Ham p. 87 :) or a person who is
an equivalent for the blood of one's relation [and
who therefore, by his being slain in retaliation,
makes the avenger to sleep] : (T :) or a person of
rank, or note, in whom [i. e. by the slaughter of
whom] one has his full desire accomplished. (A.)
In a trad, of Mohammad Ibn-Selemch, relating
to the day of Khcyber, occur the words, b *i lil

£ Jit' • <• # Jo

* j5UJ jy>«H 4&I Jyj> meaning [/ am far him,
i. c. I am he who should slay him, Apostle of
God:] the seeker of blood-revenge [is for him of
whom blood-revenge is sought]. (L. [The expla-
nation there given is clearly shown to relate to

jy>yj\.])^j\5 signifies also An enemy: pi. jbl :
so explained as occurring in the following words

J I- 91^ ' m t m * »t+ tt tit,

of a trad. ; ^yy» j&\ J*-l i>* >»«■*>■■< U -*■<►»" *i!
^&jUi Do not sheathe your swords from your
young ones, [neglecting to teach them the use
thereof,] and so make your enemies to attain tlieir
desire of blood-revenge. (TA.)

•-': •*:

Sjb : see jL».

Sjp ; said in the S to be an inf. n. of 1 : sec jL»,
in two places.

•' 'I •'*

Sj»y>: scejU.

jj\j : see .U, in three places. — Also One who
rfoc* not 7>t'y anything (• j_i ^J* t«»*i *i)) *" ^ ta '
Ac mrt^ obtain his blood-revenge, or retaliation.

jji^o and <v j^li« [Revenged, or avenged, by
the retaliation of his slaughter ; by the slaughter
of his slayer : and also *7«i« in blood-revenge, or
f*/» retaliation for the blood of a relation of the.
stayer]: these two expressions [thus] apply to
one's enemy as well as to one's relation. (A.)
_ Also, the latter, [simply,] Slain. (T, and
Ham p. 87. [But retaliation is generally meant
to be understood.])

Q. Q. 1. Jip He (a man, M, Mgh) had J-JlJ
[i. c. warts] come forth upon him. (M, Mgh, K.)

Q.Q. 2. VjLL JJU3 (T,M,$) jJlllW (T,
TA) His person had JelO* [or warts] come forth
upon it. (T, M,K.)

• J *

jyp, (T, S, M, &c.,) which may also be pro-

• j *
nounced with the • suppressed, [jy^J,] (Msb,)

[A wart ; tints called in the present day ;] a cer-
tain excrescence (M, Mgh, K) on tlie person of
a man, (Mgh,) small, (JS.,) Jiard, and round,
(Mgh,K,) and of various forms ; one description
being inverted; another, cracked and scabrous;
another, pendent ; anotlier, nail-shaped, large in
the head and slender at the root ; another, long,
and bent backward; another, opened; all arising
from a thick, tough humour, phlegmatic, or
bilious, or a compound of both these kinds : (K,

[Book I.

TA:) p|. Jj3. (T,S, Mgh, Msb, K.)_ Also,
(as being likened to the excrescence above men-
tioned, TA,) The nij>plc of the breast. (Kr,
M,K.)

1. w-J, (S, M, A, &c.,) nor. -' , (M, Msb,)
inf. n. O^J (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and OUj,
(S, M, Mgh,K,) or this latter is n simple subst.,
(Msb,) [unexplained in the S and M and A and
K, as being well known,] It (a thing, S, M,
Msb) continued, subsisted, lasted, endured, re-
mained, remained fixed or stationary, stood, or
rested ; it was, or became, permanent, constant,
firm, steady, steadfast, stable, fixed, fast, settled,
or established: it obtained, or hcLI : syn. >tj :
(Mgh, Msb:) and ydL\: (Msb:) [it stood, as
a fact or truth ; it stood, or held, good ; it tvas,
or became, a fart or truth, or a settled, or an
established, fart or truth :] it was, or became,
or proved, sound, valid, substantial, real, sure,
certain, true, right, correct, just, or proper ;
syn. IJa. (Msb.) — putilW O-j, inf. It. C>y,
He continued, remained, dwelt, or abode, in the

place. (T.) i|>>JI 0~5, and T w~J, and t C-jI,

The locusts stuck their tails into the ground to
lay their eggs. (T.) — jZ*)\ J& C-Ii [/ kcj)t
constantly, firmly, steadily, steadfastly, or fixedly,

to the affair]. (K i t. £*j.) — Jj^J C-»j

1 3 fay thy case, or state, or condition, be per-
manent. (A,TA.) — [lj£> tjJs. o>J Such a
thing was, or became, a settled, or an established,

fact, or truth, with him, or »n his opinion; it
became established, substantiated, made good, or
verified, in his opinion or estimation : like »— o.
And 4#ie vi~J It was, or became, established
against him. Ilcncc, \j£> <xAc <0 O-S Such a
tking became established, or verified, as due to him
from him: like -«o. And hence,] C*o is also
syn. with <^<f-y [as meaning It was, or became,
or proved to be, binding, obligatory, incumbent, or
f/rtc : and it was, or became, necessitated, necessary,
or requisite : so that a~U- c~-> meitiis idso i7 «'«»-,
or became, or proved to be, binding, obligatory,
or incumbent, on him; or i> rested, or ///y, o«
AtlH ; «* a </c/<<, or a duty : and it (si sentence
&c.) became necessitated to take effect, upon him :
and *J C-«j ft was, or became, or proved to be,
due to him, or owing to him]. (Telwcch, TA

in art. ,_^o-j.) [<0 v^J also signifies /< belonged,

or appertained, us an attribute, or a quality, or
« property, to him, or ft / ft w<w qffirmable, or
predicable, of him, or t'f.]s=w-J, (S, M, A,
M ? b,K,) aor. *, (Msb,K,) inf. n. I5u5 (M,A,
K) and *3y«J, (M, 1J,) //e n«M, or became, firm
in intellect, understanding, or mind: (S:) orfirm,
or steady, in fight, or tit speech, or discourse :
(M :) or intelligent, and possessing self-restraint :
or seldom erring or making a mistake or «rot-
mitting a fault : (A:) or firm of heart in war:
(Msb :) or courageous as a Jiorseman, (I£, TA,)
earnest in the charge. (TA.)

2. >i>>JI C~5: sec I —i.t" see 4, in two

• ' a

Book I.]

places. —yr$\ ,jjt a£J i. q. &lS*[He hindered
him, withheld "him, or prevented him, kc, from
doing the affair, or thing]. (M.)

3. KjL* i. q. ijjl^* [meaning The vying with
another in firmness, or steadiness, or the like].
(TA in art. Oj*.)_ See also 4.

4. jlj-JI oJt : see l.ssi<£j| trans, of >i~3,
as also ♦*£}, (S, M,Msb,K,) signifying i/e
made it to continue, subsist, last, endure, remain,
remain fixed or stationary, stand, or rest ; to be,
or become, permanent, constant, firm, steady,
steadfast, stable, fixed, fast, settled, or established:
he made it to obtain, or hold: [lie made it to
stand, as a fact or truth; to stand, or hold, good;
to be, or become, a settled, or an established, fact
or truth :] he made it, or rendered it, sound,
valid, substantial, real, sure, certain, true, right,
correct, just, or proper. (Msb.) _ C~JU <uai»
p»y1 *e* -ff« /Arwt A»w», and waffe <Ae spear
to penetrate into him so that the extremity pro-
truded while part remained within him; syn.
tjSSi. (M.) — jOy «aJ| [He made him fast
with a bond, or ligature]. (TA.) — i)yL£), (S,
Mgh.Ij:,) or tJ^, (CI£,) in the £ur [y'iii'. 30],
means \That they might inflict upon thee a wound-
by reason of which thou shouldst not be 'able to
rise: (§, Mgh,Kl,TA:) or that they might con-
fine thee [to thy place]. (K,TA.) You say,
Aloli 4^*1* 1 1 thrust him, or pierced him, and
confined him to his place, so that he could not
quit it. (TA from a trad.) And »yil3l [ JL '»yij±
J They smote him, or beat him, so that they ener-
vated him [and rendered him motionless]. (A,
TA.) And j-i^iJI O^t file weakened the
wounded man so that he was unable to move.
(Mgh.) And JU.!^. Aillil \A wound rendered
him unable to move: (T,» A:) and in like manner
one says of a malady. (A.) And oJl \ His
malady became violent, or a wound affected him,
so that he did not [or could not] move. (T, TA.)

«yl He established his evidence, or

proof, and made it clchr, plain, or manifest. (M.)
— *Xf\, (M, $,) inf. n. oUj, (TA,) also signi-
fies X He knew him, or it, certainly, or assuredly;
and so t ^0, (M, K, TA,) inf. n. %&. (TA.)
And you say, {Jj^n ££» Ci 4>1 o^Ui J [J
looked at him, or it, but I did not know him, or
it, surely with my eye]. (A, TA.) And C-Jl
**/*• • v> j i " I [xf« knew the thing certainly, com-
pletely, or thoroughly]. (A. [Explained in a copy
of that work, followed in the TA, by 'aXJ ; but
this is undoubtedly a mistranscription for iLii,
q. v.]) — Also, (i. e. i^Jt alone,) He verified it.
(Har p. 175.) — And tile wrote it, [set it down,
registered it, or recorded it,] i. e., a man's name,
(A, Msb, TA,) oljjil ^ [in the register of
soldiers or pensioners or accounts], (A, TA.)

TAJ* "** * *'

I And t. q. A«k.jl as meaning He made it, or
declared it to be, binding, obligatory, or incum-
bent, (A^i* on him,) or due (*J to him): and,
said of a sentence &c, as meaning he necessitated
it to take effect, or necessitated its taking effect,
13k. I.

*li* upon Atm : see *£».. — And JT« affirmed
u; A* averred it; t. 17. a-o-jl as confr. of t\ii.
And hence, a) awI signifies also He made it,
or declared it, or asserted it, to belong, or apper-
tain, as an attribute, or a quality, or a property,
to him, or if; Ae affirmed it, or predicated it,
of him, or t7.— And //« authorized it; namely a

word, a signification, kc] U^ Cwl He kept,

clave, or Ac/a" fast, to such a one ; scarcely, or
never, quitting him. (Msb.) And ^il)l iiil,
i. e. [The malady clave to him;] did not quit
him. (S.)

5. jJ^l ^ cJb, (T, S, M, A,TA,) and Jfr\ ;
(T, TA ;) and tc~£-1 ; (S, M, A, K, TA ;) He
acted, or proceeded, [firmly, steadily,] delibe-
rately, or leisurely, (T, M, A, K, TA,) in the
affair, (T,M, A,TA,) and tlie opinion, judgment,
or counsel; (T, TA ;) not hastily : (T, M, TA :)
both signify the same: (§:) [or] tl»\ ^ t ,_-..^ , r |
Aa consulted respecting his affair, and sought for
information respecting it, or investigated it. (T,
TA.) [In the KL, o JJS is explained by the words
OJ!Aj' L^W<5 0>>^ fi&ja> perhaps meaning The
delaying in an affair an</ (<Ac/>) executing or ^er-
^brm«n<7.]

10. C~£w1 : see 5, in two places [Also

He sought, or desired, or demanded, confirmation,
evidence, proof, demonstration, verification, assur-
ance, or positive or certain information, Zs. re-
specting him, or it And He desired, or meant,

an affirmation : see a remark on a verse cited
voce OeJ.]=:4i£L,l He found it to be sound,
valid, substantial, real, sure, certain, true, right,
correct, just, or proper: (Har p. 175:) and he
assured, or certified, himself of the true state of
his case. (Idem, p. 42G.) You say, '*£& liU
jJiJI c « ; .. „ >,, t i f [He contracted his eye in order
to assure himself of the correctness of the view;
i. e., td obtain a sure view], (M in art. ^oj.)
— It is also said to mean He made him, or
asserted him to be, firm of heart : but Er- Razee
says, I have not met with this verb used as one
that is immediately transitive. (Har p. 420.)

*>: sec »iy0._ Also A man firm, or steady,
of heart; (Sj) and so oU^I *LSi; (A, Msb,

TA ;) pi. cJ : (TA :) or a man who acts, or
proceeds, [firmly, steadily,] deliberately, or lei-
surely, (A, Msb,) in his affairs: (Msb:) and
a courageous horseman, (M,I£, TA,) earnest in
the charge; (TA;) asalsot^j; (M,K:,TA:)
both of which signify also intelligent, and posses-
sing self-restraint; or seldom erring or making
a mistake or committing a fault. (A, TA.) And
>U«JI c-*5 A man w/to does not quit his station,
or abode. (M.) And^jJUl o^5 [Firm-footed;]
one who makes no slip in contention, or in fight.
(A, TA.) And j jdUt »iw A man firm, or steady,
in fight, or t'n j/mccA, or discourse : (M, L, TA :)
or whose tongue makes no slip in contentions. (S.
TA.) — See also cw : and C-«J.

329

a«tfM&. (S, A.) And >C»JI jue *lJ Jj 7/«
lias firmness on tke occasion of death. (L.) [See
also OLJ.] — Hence, (Msb,) A proof, an evi-
dence, or a voucher. (§, Mgh, Msb, TA.) Yon
say, c^i 4 1.& Jfiil ^' I will not decide so
un/«M on the ground of proof, or evidence. (S.)
And it is said in a trad, respecting the day of
doubt, [i. c. the day of which one doubts whether
it be the last of Shanban or the first of Ramadan,]
,jla«j v j* ajI 0--JI iU.^ TAcn came the proof,
or evidence, or voucher, that it was of Ramadan.
(TA.) _ And hence, (Mgh,) applied to a man,
(A, Mgh, [in which latter it is said to be tro-
pical when thus applied, but not so in the A,])
and sometimes written ♦ cJ, (TA,) f One who
is an authoritative evidence, or voucher, by reason
of his trustworthiness in that which he relates : (A,
TA :) or t one who is trustworthy (Mgh, !£.*) in
that which he relates: (Mgh: [in the K., only
the pi. is mentioned:]) or foac mho is just, or
equitable, [in that which he relates,] and exact,
or honest : (Msb :) pi. oCJ'. (A, Mgh, Msb,
K.)__Also ]An index, or a table of contents,
in which a relater of traditions collects a list of
what he has related from others, and of his sheykhs
[who are his authorities] : said by some to be a
conventional term of tho relators of traditions :
perhaps tropical. (TA.)

Ow, a subst. from cJ, [or an inf. n., like
~"Z»y>>) used as a simple subst.,] Continuance,
subsistency, lastingness, permanence, endurance,
remanence, rcmanence in a fixed or stationary
state, a state of standing or resting, constancy,
firmness, steadiness, steadfastness, stableness or
stability, fixedness, fastness, settledness, establish-
ment or a state of being established : kc : and
soundness, validness or validity, substantiality or
substantialness, reality, sureness, certainty, true-
ness or truth, kc (Msb.) [See also JLy.]

OU, (A,) or i,$ \\'i, (5, TA,) t A disease
that renders one unable to move. (A,* j^, TA.)

CAjJ The two threads or strings, or each if th:
two threads or strings, of [the hind of face-veil
called] a *Sjf, by which the woman [draws and]
binds [the two upper corners of] it to the bach of
her head. (]£•) — And A strap, or thong, with
which a camels saddle (J*y) is bound : (M, K :)
pi. a£il. (M.)

* 'i • --

see oU.

-z~? Firmness of heart in war. (Msb, TA.)
You say, iCJl jj* Jjj jj He has firmness,
or steadiness, on the occasion of the charge, or

see c^tf Also Firm in intellect,

understanding, or mind: (S,]jC, TA:) and firm
in strength and intellect : (TA :) or firm of heart
in war: (Msb:) see also c-J. — And, applied
to a horse, Sharp, and light, or active, in his
running; (M,$;) as also *Jw, (TA.)

Ov^ part. n. of viJ3 ; (M, A, Msb, J£ ;) as
also to43 (M,A,£) and t^j; (£.) Con-
tinuing, subsisting, lasting, enduring, remaining,
remaining fixed or stationary, standing, or rest-
ing, permanent, constant, firm, steady, steadfast,
stable, fixed, fast, settled, or established : obtaining,
or holding : [standing, as a fact or truth ; stand-
ing, or holding, good ; having the quality of a

42

as contr.
j>*$& an

330

fact or truth, or a settled, or an established, fact
or truth:] sound, valid, substantial, real, sure, cer-
tain, true, right, correct, just, or proper : (Msb :
see 1:) dim., when it is used as an epithet,
O-iy ; but when it is a proper name, its dim. is
■1$. (T.)__,jl£^ C-yti Continuing, remain-
ing, dwelling, or abiding, in a place. (TA.) —
iif\li\ J^£»\^fi\ [and C-^JI] The fixed stars.
(#zw &c.) ii/5 ^yL lear* lasting long.

(TA in art. ^r**.) 0^0 J^5 j1 sound, valid,

true, right, correct, just, or proper, saying. (M.)
CrflLlI JyUl/ in the K.ur xiv. 32 means By the
assertion of the unity of God. (Jel.)

>1JL« Bound mith the strap, or t/jowflr, ca/W
0$; applied to a camel's saddle (J*y)- (M,

K.) I Motionless by reason of disease (T, TL,

TA) <Ao< Au* become violent, or 6y rcawn of a
wound : (T, TA :) or the same, (M,) or in this
sense 1±~£», (£,TA,) J heavy (M,K,TA) by
reason of old age or some other cause, (TA,)^ and
not quitting the bed. (M,]£,TA.) — [C-*~
lit. An affirmed sentence; i. q
of yj±» ; virtually the same as *
affirming, or affirmative, sentence.]

• I ' • *!' ■ i

■C-.yi : seo CwyU; in two places.

1. ^3, (?,K.) aor. - , (?,) inf. n. ^J, (§,)
1T« sat with his buttocks against his heels, resting
upon the extremities of his feet, (S, £,) as one

*>*

does in performing the act termed f % .:. 7 ..»j. (TA.)
mb [-, : * : sec the next paragraph.]

2. ui>w ^2, (90 inf - n - ^; CMPi) 8nd

l^ »^; (A,?!;) 2fe (a pastor, S, A) pwr <A«
*<ajf, or fifeA, upon, or against, his bach, and put
his arms, or hands, behind it: (S, A,K:) thus
he does when ho is fatigued. (TA.) = ia«j, (S,
A, TA,) inf. n. as above, {§, £,) He made it
obscure ; (K ;) he did not make it distinct, or
plain; (S, A, K;) namely, writing, (S,) [i.e.]
handwriting; (A, K ;) and speech, or language:
(8 :) he did not express it in the proper mode, or
manner, namely, speech, or language. (A.) And
L3, inf. n. hs above ; [and app. **-^> aor. : ,
inf. n. L^j, q. v. infra ;] said of writing ; [and of
speech, or language ;] It was, or was made, con-
fused [&c.]. (Lth, TA.)

5 : sec 2.

Il3 Tho part between the J*l£» [app. here
signifying the base of the neck] and the back: (8,
A, Msb, K:) or the circuit oftlie upper part of the
JaI£>, extending to the breast; as is shown by the
phrase UxiJt -llJl : [see what follows:] (Aboo-
Malik, TA :) or the part between the shoulder-
blades and the J*l& : and the main part of the
back, and the part in which are the places of
curvature of the ribs: or the part between tlie
buttocks and the base of the neck: accord, to

j — kJ

AO, the part from the rump-bone, or root of the
tail, to the hair of the withers [of a horse] :
(TA :) also the breast of the bird called liJiJI:
(K :) or the middle part of that bird : pi. w-U>l.

(A,TA.) tThc middle (S, K) of a tiling, (K,) of

anything : (S :) and the main part thereof; (K. ;) so
of a heap, or tract, of sand : (A 'Obeyd, S :) and
the higher, or highest, part of a thing : pi. [of
pauc] 1$ and [of mult] L$. (TA.) I The
middle of the sea: the main part thereof; and of
the night : (A,* TA :) the height of the middle of
the sea, where the waves meet one another : the
higher, or highest, parts of the waves. (TA.)
^,1 » -, ■* ^» t Of the middle class of the
Muslims: or of the higher, or higliest, or chief,

class of them. (TA from a trad.) =s The quality

' *# i * ! ' '»

denoted by the epithet ~_y I, q. v. ; as also * <u~~>.

(L.) _ Incongruity and confusion of speech, or
language : and obscurity, or indistinctness, of
handwriting. (K. [App. an inf. n. : see 2, last
sentence.])

A thing of the middling sort, between
good and bad: (K, TA:) the fern. » is affixed
because the word is changed from a subst. to an
epithet : it occurs in this sense applied to the con-
tribution termed 35 jus. (TA.)aaSee also *-«j0

..Jl Broad, or wide, in the part called the ~J ;

(8, 1£, Msb, TA ;) and large in the oy*. [i. e.
chest, or belly] : (TA :) or protuberant, or pro-
minent, in the *-£ : (S, A, Mgh, Msb, £ :) or

humpbacked: (TA in this art., and in art. ;*-*
on the authority of Fr :) and having a projecting,

or prominent, breast, or chest : (L:) dim. '-^jl,
occurring in a trad. (S, Mgh, Msb,* K.)

-..;,. j I : see what next precedes.

1. £} (M, TA,) aor. , , (M,) or ' , (TA,)
inf. n. j^j, (M,K,) He confined him; or re-
strained, withheld, hindered, or prevented, him ;
(M,K;) as also t^j, (M,) inf. n. j«£. (K.)
You say, t^JHi »j^, aor. '- , inf. n. as above, He
confined, restricted, or limited, him (a man) to
the thing. (Msb.) And ilk <£3, (T,S,M,) aor. - ,
(T,) or '- , (S, M,) inf. n. as above ; (S, %. ;) and
♦»jlj ; (IAar, TA ;) He, or it, restrained, with-
held, hindered, or prevented, him from it; (IAar,
T, S, It ;) turned him away, or bach, from it.
(AZ, IAar,T, M, £.) And ilii.U. o* i£5 U
What restrained, withhold, hindered, or pre-
vented, thee, (T,* S, A,) or retarded thee, (A,) or
diverted thee, (T, A,) from [accomplishing, or
attaining,] thy want? (S,A.) And^Ul t^jj U
What hath turned the people away, or back, and
withheld, or prevented, them, from obeying God ?
or what hath retarded them therefrom ? (TA
from a trad.) — Also, (TK,) inf. n. as above,
(K,) He denied him, or refused him, or prohibited
him from attaining, or debarred him from, what
he desired or sought; lie disappointed him, or
caused him to fail of attaining his desire; ren-
dered him unsuccessful; disappointed, or frus-

[Book I.

trated, his desire, or hope. (I£.) — He drove
him away, expelled him, or banished him. (£.)
__ He cursed him. (£.) _ Also, (M, A, Ms b,)
aor. * , (Msb,) inf. n. ]£, (Msb, K,) He (God,
M, A, Msb) destroyed him (M, A, Msb, K*) with
a destruction from which he should not rise again.
(M, A.)==^, aor. -\ (Msb,) inf. n. J^, (S,
Msb, K,) He perished : (S, Msb, IjL :) he suffered
loss ; erred, or went astray ; or became lost. (S.)

[See also jy$ below.] Also, (M,) inf. n. j+t,

(K,) It (the sea) ebbed. (M, K.)

2 : see 1, in three places.

3. 4^ jA (T, M, A, K,«) inf. n. £&, (T,
S, A, Mgh, Msb,) He kept, attended, or applied
himself, constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously,
to it, (T, 8, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,») namely, a
thing, (S, M, Msb,) or an affair, (TA,) as, for
instance, learning : (A :) he was eager to say it,
or to do it, and kept to it constantly, perseveringly,
or assiduously. (lAth.)

6. £6, (K,) or Jujjl C^U3, (M,) They two,
(K,) or the men, (M,) leaped, or sprang, (M, £,)
each upon, or at, the other, (K,) or one upon, or
at, another, in war, or fight. (M.)

11.

Ojjwl / was lieavy, or sluggish, and

held back from it. (K.)

j^J Perdition : (Katadeh, T, S, M, £ :) loss ;

a going astray; or becoming lost: (S:) woe:

(KLatadch,T, M,£:) destruction (ML, A, If.) from

which there is no rising again. (M, A.) Hence

it is said that the people of Hell will call out,

alj^jj 1^ Alas for destruction from which there is

no rising again! (M, A.) In the Kur xxv. 14

and 15, tj^J is in the accus. case as an inf. n., as

though they said, \jy£ U^-j ; and, being an inf. n.,

it is used as a sing, and pi. (Fr, Zj, T.)

t

^0 Suffering loss; erring, or going astray; or

becoming lost, or perishing ; syn. ^wU. : so in the

saying of El-Kumeyt,

And Kudd'ah, in asserting their relationship to
El-Yemen, for med the opinion of one who is made
to suffer loss, or to err, &c, and one ivho is suf-
fering loss, or erring, &c. ; jy~* here meaning

jyy^>, as used in the I£ur xvii. 104, Overcome;
withheld, or prevented, from attaining what is
good: (Fr, T:) driven away; expelled; banished;
outcast: punished; chastised: (IAar, T:) cursed;
accursed : (Fr, IAar, T :) made to lose, or suffer
loss ; to err, or go astray ; or to become lost, or
to perish : so in the saying of El-Kumeyt cited
above, voce _^U : (S :) *'* a state of destruction.
(Mujahid, T.)

1. JaJ, aor, ', [inf. n., accord, to rule, *-3,]
(]£,) or, as Sgh says, [judging from the part. n.
JkJ,] thus analogy requires that it should be,
(TA,) He was, or became, stupid in his work, or
action; and weak : and he (a man, and a horse,
K and TA, said of a horse with respect to covering,

Book I.]

TA) mas, or became, heavy, sluggish, or slow.
( K,* TA.) as See also 2, in two places.

2. p)\ J* iki, (Lth,H>rd,S,Msb,K,) or
•^1, (TA,) inf. n. LJS, (S, Msb,) Ue hindered
him, withheld him, or prevented him, (IDrd, Msb,
K, TA,) and retarded him, (IDrd, K, TA,) from
doing the affair, or thing; (IDrd, Msb, K, TA;)
as also *<UaJ : (IDrd, K :) he diverted him from
it, by occupying him otherwise: (Lth,S, Msb:)
or he prevented him from doing it by inducing
him to be cowardly and weuh-hearted : (Ms b :)
or la M * ■"» signifies one's turning a man back, or
away, from a thing that he would do : (Aboo-Is-
hiik :) or one's intervening as an obstacle between
a man and a thing that he desires. (TA.) The
verb occurs in the Kur ix. 40. (TA.) _ aIxJ
j-*^)l iJ^i inf. n. as above, He made him to
pause, or wait, at the thing, or affair ; (TA ;) as
also 4U t-dJ, (K,*TA,) inf.n. 1J3; (TA ;)
syn. <xAc AJLSj [which here lias the meaning
assigned to it above, as is shown by the cxpluna-
tion of the quasi-pass. VyJ immediately following

in the K : in the CK, we find, erroneously, wA5j
*JU]. (K,TA.)

4. yjej^\ aJoJI The disease scarcely, or never,
quitted him. (S, K.)

W-

L5^

5. txj.t.'i [quasi-pass, of 2, //e became hindered,
withheld, or prevented, &c. ; >»*j)l ^ /rom (Ac
affair, or </«»«_</. This signification and that next
following are well known. _] 7/e paused, or

waited; [j+y (jA* at the thing, or affair; as is
implied in the K and TA;] syn. Ji'yh. (K, TA.)

Q. Q. 3. ji*}\ &k c-ii>LSt I held bach, or
hung bach, from the affair, or thing, relinquishing
it. (TA.)

JaJ Stupid in his work, or action; and weak :
heavy, sluggish, or slow; applied to a man, and
to a horse ; (K ;) to the latter, with respect to
covering: (TA :) and a man who will not move from
his place : (TA :) fern, with 5 : (K :) and pi. [of

pane.] JbUSl and [of mult.] J»U5, (K,) and, applied
to men, ijyiw also. (TA.)

1. wJjDI ,^>»j, aor. ; , inf. n. ,j-j and »jUj,
He folded the extremity of the garment, and
sewed it; (S,K;) [Ac made a tuck in the garment,
to shorten it;] like <*!!*. : (S :) or, (K,) i.e.
> j-j, (TA,) Ac put a thing into the receptacle
[thereof] and carried it before him ; as also
♦ i>~J : and in like manner, Ac folded and sewed
over a thing the doubled upper border of his
trousers in front : (K,* TA :) or l^S» "sJ^-2 has
this last meaning ; and signifies also Ac put a
thing into a ^jUj [q. v.] and carried it before
him: (S :) and A/y ^ ^j, aor. and inf. ns.
ns above ; (M ;) and a«j * t >*Jl, (M, K, as in the
CK,) accord, to [some of] the copies of the K
cJ «Jl, but the former is the right reading ; (TA ;)
and^^^J; (M;) he put a thing into the receptacle
[thereof] and carried it before him [in his gar-

ment] : (M, K :*) [see also o^*-' or y° u sa y>
&iy> i«» *<=uJ Ac made it a ^U3 (or thing carried
[before him]) tn Am garment : (T :) and 1^j~3
liU he made a receptacle in which he [so] carried
a thing before him. (T.)

2 : see 1, in two places.

4 : see 1.

5 : see 1, in three places.

«UJ : see what next follows, in four places.

^Uj A receptacle, such as when one folds the
skirt of his skirt and puts in it a thing and
carries it before him : (S :) or the part, of the
garment, which is the place wherein one carries,
when he wraps it around his body, or puts a
portion thereof under his right shoulder and
another portion over his left shoulder, then folds
before him a part of it, and puts a thing in it ;

as also ~oj~j : (M:) or the part, of one's garment,
which is the place wherein he carries ; folding its
extremity, and sewing it, before him, and then
putting in it some dates or other things : as also
♦ (j««3 and t «U«j ■ (K :) and the extremity of
the [garment called] »ljj, when one folds it before
him and sews it [and puts a thing in it to carry] :
(M :) or a receptacle in which one carries a thing

before him ; (T :) and 1 iiy, of which the pi.
is ,jlJ, (T,) or its pi. is £y*>, like as the pi of

*' 9 1 ( ft « J

ii-i. [which has a similar meaning] is i>*&>,
(liar p. 427,) the doubled upper border of the
trousers or waist-wrapper, in which one carries
[before him] fruit and other things: [see also
2j~&. :] or, us some say, ^Lj docs not signify
a receptacle, but dates that are put and carried
in a receptacle or some other thing : and some-
times what a man carries in his sleeve ; and "ii^
signifies only what one carries before him, that
is little in quantity: and what is great is not
called ^Uj. (T.) It is said in a trad, of 'Omar,

*'. 9 2' "J* 9 1 $-»* * 9)1*12, *

UUJ J»^j ^) Ai. Jisleii J»5U~.J»£>j*.| y> lit
[TI'Acn any one of you passes by a garden
of palm-trees, let him eat thereof, but not
take for himself, or make, a jLj] : i. c.,
when a necessitous hungry person passes by
a man's garden of palm-trees, he may eat of
their dates what will repel his hunger. (T.

*'9 1

[See also another reading voce <U*fc».]) And one
says, _y» U ,^1 U *yy ,j &\JJ ^i J>ji
[Suck a one came with a ^Lj in his garment : I
know not what it was]. (T.)

,^-j : see ^Li.

A bag in which a woman puts her mirror
and apparatus : (M, K :) of the dial, of El-
Yemen. (M.)

>H or ^

t ' '9' * 9 * 1' 19'

1. jf*. jju lj-<i. a! O^J, or Ij-i, I sent him
good after good, or evil [after evil]. (TA.) [See
also 2.]

2. Itf^t [inf. "• of ^jfi, mentioned in the T
and K, in all its senses, in art. .-J, and so in the
M, except in the first of the following senses,
which is there mentioned, in art. ^j and also in

331

art yi,] The act of collecting (K, TA) in succes-
sice assemblages (" Ay iJ). (TA.) You say,
»U3 He collected it, namely, a thing, (M,) and
water: (M* and TA in art. yS :) and Ac added
to it, and collected it. (M, TA.) The collect-
ing what is good: and also, what is bad, or ct»i7:
thus bearing two contr. significations. (K.)__
[And hence,] The praising a man in his life-time :
(AA,S, K:) or praising him time after time in

his life-time : (TA :) or praising him much ; as

. ,i
though relating to him collections (»«1»Uj) of

praise : (Z, TA;) or the mentioning of the sundry
good qualities or actions: (Er-Raghib, TA:) and
the magnifying [a person] ; or honouring [him].
(T,* K.) You say, J^Jl Ji, (M,) or J± Ji
^)*-ji\, (T,) He jrraised the man in his life-time :
(T, M :) because the doing so implies the collect-
ing his good qualities or actions. (T,* M.) __
[Hence also the contr. signification,] The blaming,
or censuring, much ; collecting blame, or censure,
from this and that source. (TA. [The act.
part. n. is rendered in the M agreeably with this
explanation.]) The net of completing [and aug-

' ' 1 9 * m *

Hunting a thing]. (K.) You say, ■ii&jjx* ^-J
Complete and augment [thy beneficence, or bounty,
or favour]. (T.) And^l jtf itlT Jy [May
God complete and augment to thee benefits, or
blessings : or] may God send to thee benefits, or
blessings. (TA.) [See also l.]_The putting
a thing into a good, right, or sound, state, and

augmenting it. (T, K.*) JOl ^ He kept,

preserved, guarded, or took care of, the property.

(Kr, M.)=;^l Ji C^j, (As,S,) inf. n. i«£j,
(As, T, S, M, K,) J kept constantly, or perscrer-

ingly, to the thing. (A?, T, S, M, K.) The

inf.n. signifies also The keeping, (T,)or pursuing,
(K,) (Ac way, course, mode of acting, or the like,
of one's father: (T,K:) or the doing, or acting,
like one's father. (M.) _ Also The complaining
of one's state, or case, and of one's want ; and
asking aid, or assistance, and vengeance, or avenge-
ment. (K.) [One of the meanings assigned to
the verb by Golius, as on the authority of the K,
and by Frcytag after him, is " Disposuit parnvitquc
so :" app. from the former's having found jljoC_/*^!l

-'00 'I

written in a copy of the K for iljoU^I.J = 11

9, 9* 11 9t ' '

<uJLi oi^tl J know kirn, or it, witk a seeming, not
a certain, knowledge. (T, TA.)

iy A company (T, S, M, K) of men ; (T, M ;)
as also"i~jl; (M,K; [in the CK erroneously

- 9, 9i «i

written <u*>l ;]) and aJLit : (TA :) a company in
a state of separation or dispersion ; or a distinct
body, or company, of men: (T :) and a troop of

* 9 1

horsemen; such as is termed i^ot : (M,K: [in

J>-' It 9 1

the CK, rt,;o»,ll is erroneously put for i-cmJI :])
the pi. is OlJ and o>H (T, S, M, K) and o^»

(S, M) and (the pi. of l^Jl, TA) ^Ul and i^Ul,
in which last the J is a substitute for the last ^

i -I i '9

[of .ytfl] : (M, TA :) or [accord, to some,] t-^Ut,
which signifies companies, has no sing. ; but, as
some say, its sing, is "i~jl, of the measure il^jul,

*. l9l '

[originally a^^jI,] which means a numerous com-

fl

pany : (Ham p. 790 :) [it is also said that] ^ is

42»

332

•-i

a pi. of XJ as meaning a company; (L in art.
vy, and Ham p. 271 ;) and hence the phrase

^Ull ^,1)1, for iJUH ^,11)1, [</«« AtyA, or ex-
alted, companies,] the former word being made
inasc. because it is likcJo)j [which is sing, and
masc] ; but some say that this word here means
(he assemblies of the nobles : (Ham ubi supra :)

lAar says, otjl^l u-JL~» O^ \J^ ls^"* but
[ISd observes,] tliis is extraordinary, and I have
not heard it except in the poetry of El-Find Ez-
Zimmuncc. (M.) Accord, to 6omc, it is from

_jb, being originally Zjy ; and its dim. is i«j y :
(T :) or it is originally ,-jj : (S :) accord, to Er-
lliighib, the letter elided from iJ as meaning " a
company," but not as relating to a watering-
trough or tank, is ^J ; and ISd holds it to be i_£ :

and [if so,] its dim. istillJ: (TA :) [but ISd

odds,] 1J says that the elided letter is }, because

. . . • • • • •--

it is this in most cases, as in •_>! and —I and J~*

* * A

and <Ua» &c. (M in arts, yj and ,yy.) [See
also art. yy. It seems to signify also An assem-
blage, or a collection, of things of any kind :] sec 2,
in two places. __ Also The middle of a watering-
trough or tank, (T, S, M, K,) to which the mater
returns [when it has been emptied], (S,) or to
which what remains of the water returns: (T:)
and the place where the water collects in a valley
or low ground: ( Aboo-Kheyrch, T :) but this is
from w>^» (T. ? ;*) the 3 is a substitute for the

_), the medial radical, which is suppressed ; for it

s *i %* *

is originally yy : (8 :) or it is originally i^y :

(T:) or it may be from C. t .;.t "I collected:"
but Aboo-Is-biik makes it to be from '\^>\ _>U,
hoc. > r >yi ; and this he infers to be the case from
their saying that the dim. is iuy. (M.) [Sec
also art wjy-]

S;

^y One who praises men much [while they are
living : sec 2]. (TA.)

i~J: sco AJ, of which it is said to be the dim.

•a »f *.'

i^yl : sco iy, in two places.

■ mm* Property collected together. (TA.)

Q. Q. 1. Jiy\ (K and TA, in the CK j£i,)
He feigned himself stupid after feigning himself
intelligent : (K, TA :) accord, to some copies,
after feigning himself negligent, or inadvertent :

(JJl*3 being put in the place of JiUj :) [app.
from the subst. below:] but the word as mentioned
by IAor is J£3 [app. a mistranscription for J^S]-
(TA.)

J^y The J*j [or mountain-goat], (M, K,) as
a general term : (M :) [in the present day, but
vulgarly pronounced ,J~J, applied to the mild
goat of the Arabian and Egyptian deserts and
mountains; the copra jaela of Hamilton Smith;
called by some an ibex; as is also 0»V : ] or an
old J*j : (S, M, Mgh, K :) or the male of Ike

L&j' • (® n » 'i "i ¥ : t tn ' 8 ' 8 tnc same as &•
first explanation :]) En-Nadr says that it has

small horns: (T:) Aboo-Khcyreh, that it is of

the J^fcj, does not quit the mountain, and its
horns have branches : (T, Mgh :*) he says that
the J^*j are dusky, or dingy, or of a hue inclining
to black and dust-colour, with whiteness in their
lower parts; and the JJly [pi. of jiy] arc like
ihem in their colours, and only distinguished from
them by the horns ; the J*j having long horns,
which extend backwards until they meet over his
tail : (T :) also a species of [the bovine antelope
called] uti-yt jKt (M> £>) t,Mt «W<fa» in the
mountains. (M.)_A man who sits with women.

(TA.) Incapable of going in to women ; or not

desirous of women* (K.)_ A bulhy, or corpu-
lent, man, in whom one thinks there is good (AA,
K, TA) when there is no good in him: (AA,
TA:) but, as mentioned by As, it is J^y. (TA.)

1. L5, (A, L, Msb, K,) nor. : , (A, Mail, TA,)
inf. n. li, (L, Msb, TA,) or ^J, (A, TA,) or
LyLi, (!' A,) It (water) flowed: (K:) or poured
forth vehemently, (A, Msb, TA,) or much: or,
as some say, it (much water) poured forth : (L,
TA :) and *^JjI and ♦ L ^ 13 signify the same.
(K.) ~J also signifies The flowing of the blood
of a victim brought for sacrifice to the sacred
territory of Mckl-h. (S, K, TA.) = «Lw, (S,

A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. '- , (S, A, Mgh, Msb,)

5 -
inf. n. -J, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He made it to flow;

(S, A, Mgh, Msb, K ;) poured it forth ; (Msb ;)
namely, water, (R, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and blood
(S, A, Mgh, Msb) of a victim for sacrifice ; (Mgh,
Msb ;) as also ♦<»a»£»J ; and *a»JI may also be
used in the same sense. (TA.) Hence, (Mgh,
Msb,) lillj lit j^oJI J-ail, (S.Mgh, Msb,) a
saying of Mohammad, (TA,) meaning The most

excellent t>f the actions of the pilgrimage are

* *'
( Mgh) the raising of the voice in the <Uyj [sec 2

in art. ,-J] and the shedding of the blood of the
victims brought for sacrifice to the sacred terri-
tory. (Mgh, Msb.)
4:

^ sec 1.
It. Q. 1 :

R. Q. 2:

U~J a~s ^_Jlo- lie milked into it milk abun-
dantly flowing. (TA from a trad.)

• t i

K-japj A source yielding abundance of mater.
(TA.) See also l^J.

«-sa»J [originally an inf. n. (see 1)] A torrent,

^- ' . .i

or flom. (S, K.) So in the saying, t^iljM UUI

*-; : t, *.- [The valley brought lis its torrent, or

flow]. (S.) _ The sound of the pouring forth

* * i

of water. (TA.) __ See also ***->•

• d "

..UJ Water pouring forth vehemently: (Msb:)

or poured forth ; as also T *->»J : (TA :) or

flowing: (Harp. 138:) or flowing much: (Id.

p. 393 :) and rain pouring forth vehemently ; (S,

[Book I.

TA ;) as also C..^5 and ▼->£♦ : (TA :) and

blood poured forth : (TA :) and a cloud pouring
forth. (A.) Applied to water [or rain, and to
blood,] it may have the meaning of n pass. part, n.,
or, which is preferable, that of an act. part. n.

(IDrd,M.) [Hence,] eJ*lJj Z\*l$ a£* jyS

•»-^~t t [l't. Such a one, his ruin is such as pours

forth vehemently, and his sea is noisy, or cojhous :
meaning such a one is abundant in bounty or
munificence]. (A.)

-~JLo : see ~-la~J.__ Also, (K,) or ^_lo >_- ;^A ,

(A,) I Ah eloquent, or able, speaker or orator;
(K, TA;) who pours forth a copious flow of
words. (TA.)

L«j,nori l , He mixed the j-h«— ' of dafes[\.c.
the dregs of pressed dates] with ollnr [dates] in the
beverage called Ju~» : (S :) or he mixed the dregs
of pressed unripe dates with dried dates in making
j~J : (Mgh :) or j^LlI j*-$ he mixed the dried
dates with the dregs if pressed unripe dates. (K.)
The doing so is forbidden in a trad. (S, Mgh.)

j**. ,t, an anibicizcd word, (Msb,) pronounced
by the vulgar with O, (S, Msb,) The dregs of
anything that is pressed; (S, A, Mgh, Msb;) as
of pressed unripe dates : (K :) or the dregs of
pressed unripe dutvs, which arc mixed with dried
dates in nuihing the beverage called j>~J : (TA :)
or the expressed juice of dates; or the dreg* of
pressed dates : (As, Msb :) or pressed gruj>cs from
which the juice has run, and of which the dregs
remain. (Lth, TA.)

. A

1. ^JJ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ' ; (K ;) and
^Ji, (El-A hinar, ISd, Msb, TA ,) aor. -' ; (T A ;)
inf. n. ii'UJ (T, S, Msb, K, &c.) and sSyLi (ISd,
Msb, K) and ^J (Z, Msb, K) and o*J.;
(TA ;) It (a thing, S, Msb) was, or became, thick,
big, gross, or coarse ; ami hard, firm-, stiff, tough,
or strong : (S, K :) W was, or became, thick, dense,
or compact: (M,TA:) [it (a giirmcnt, or piece
of cloth,) was thick, or close, in texture: (sec
^a^j :)] it [a scmiliquid of any kind] mas, or
became, thick, so that it did not flow, nor continue
in its passing away. (ISr-llughib, TA.)

4. <Ua»jl [in its primary sense, He, or if, ren-
dered it v>»a-J, i- c. thick, &c. — And hence,]
I He, or it, (a man, JK, T, Mgh, Msb, and a
wound, S, Mgh, and disease, lit} in viii. G8,)
rendered him heavy : ( J K, T, Ud ubi supra, TA :)
or weakened him, rendered him languid, or ener-
vated him. (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA.) You say,
(jj-o <UfcJl f He rendered him heavy by beating :
(JK:) or he beat him much, or vehemently, or
excessively. (TA.) And 2»-l^aJl/ »SM»J I t-'
weakened him., rendered him languid, or ener-
vated him, by the wound, or wounds. (Msb.)_
J^ylhi, *l til, in the Kur xlvii. 4, means t When
ye have made much slaughter among them : ( Jel :)
or when ye have made a great, and vehement
slaughter of them : (Bd:) or when ye have over-
come them, and wounded them much, or inflicted

Book I.]

many wound* upon them, (Abu-l-'Abbds, K, TA,)
to that they give with their hands. (Abu-1-' Abbas,
TA.)_M«1I ^ j^iJl \He made a great,
or vehement, slaughter, (A,) or a great, or vehe-
ment, wounding, (K,) among the enemy. (A,K.)
^uoj$\ ^ C>*^'> tJft wiarfe much slaughter
in the earth, or land: (Bd in viii. G8. Mgh, TA :
in the S, *j\3 ^/^l ^ C> i ~''> which means tlie
same : TA :) or he went against the enemy, and
made a wide, or large, slaughter of them [in the
land]: (Msb:) or he fought vehemently in the
earth, or land. (Jcl in viii. G8.) —j^\ ^ ,>»Jl
iJIe exceeded the usual, or the just, bounds, or
degree, in the affair; strove, or exerted himself,
vigorously, or strenuously, therein; or did his

utmost therein. (TA.)_<Jy tit* 31 i His saying
tooh, or had, an effect upon him ; or distressed, or

afflicted, him. (TA.) %jU U*J>i oiriJl 17

Anew *wrA a one, or mkm acquainted with him,
thoroughly, or twy n'c//. (TA.)

8. i>*~>l, in tlie snying of El-Aasha,

[77« «r/r</ deliberately in war until he became
heavy, or weakened, or languid, or enervated, by
wounds], is contracted by idgh&m from ^Liil.
(S,TA.)

10. >»jJI <u* (j»; ., T ,»I I Sleep overcame him.
(JK.K.TA.) "&»*J»j u^Jl j£ v >-^-» t-H*
became overcome by [lit. ftcrween] disease and
fatigue. (A,TA.)

• • i * » '

O*-' nn inf. n. of ^y-±-j : [commonly used as

n simple subst., meaning Thickness, &cc. :] one
says i>a«3 <0 »,jjj [vl garment, or pere o/" r/oM,
having thichness, or closeness, of texture]. (TA.)

v>^— | »'. 7. iUi [app. n mistranscription for
iiJu or iUb, meaning f A heaviness in the chest
or body, or a heaviness and langour, or a heavi-
ness on the heart] ; as also • <U^J : El-'Ajjiij
says,

^' ^'O* U **- > £*i ^j^ *

[app. meaning So that he who cries out cries out
by reason of heaviness, kc]: (TA: [this saying is
also cited in the S, in art. -»* ; but there, in one

copy, I find U»J ; and in another, ULj ; and
in both, ij* instead of ,>• :]) and hence he
received the surname of e-VJtH : (S and TA in
art. --e :) so says IDrd. (TA in that art.)
[Golius explains ^aJ> as meaning "crassitics,
spissitudo;" on the anthorily of Ibn-Maaroof
and Ibn-Bcytdr; but I suspect that he found
• ; 1 . . . , * * l •-.

«~i in their works written for ^j or jjri i,

both inf. ns. of y>»~J.]
• * * t * - -

sec

«»J part. n. of £>±3; (S, Msb;) Thich, big,
coarse, or gross; and hard, firm, stiff, tough, or
strong : (S :) [thich, dense, or compact : Lc. :
see 1 : pi. O^-] You say l »J ^»y A gar-
ment, or piece of cloth, thich, or close, or full,

in texture, and, as Az adds, in warp. (TA.)

Applied to a man, Completely armed: (KL:)

or ~-*}LJI ,»~> has this meaning. (S.) Also

(JK, TA) J Forbearing, clement, grave, sedate,
or calm: (JK, K,*TA: [in some copies of the
K, j^frnJ) is erroneously put for^JUJI :]) in
the M, heavy in his sitting-place. (TA.)

&i*~* [pass. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. You say,
IJuS) U m, * .o <U£>p [7 fc/2 Aim weakened, languid,
enervated, or wtueA wounded; beaten until he was
at the point of death]. (TA.)__t Forbearing,
clement, grave, sedate, or calm, in mind, or
intellect. (TA.) [See also ,>«»-}.] — Metony-
mically applied by the people of Syria to J One
who causes laughter; who is quick, brisk, or
lively, ill hit motions. (TA.)

^t»>.-« t^"c who exceeds the usual, or the just,
bounds, or who does hit utmost, in narration, and
in the rehearsal of sayings. (TA.)__ And, with
4, I A large, corpulent, fleshy, woman. (JK,
A,K.)

IjJ

;,' ' %

ijjutf and i$J-£, (M,) or SjjuJ, (Lth, T,) or
SjjUj, of the measure <Uai», with damm to the
»_» and c, or, accord, to some, the ^ is radical
and the j augmentative, the measure being SyUi,
(Msb in art. ^jJ,) or «3j y J on d »JJ^> (ISk,
T, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) with damm to the i» if with
«, (ISk, T, S, Mgh, Msb,) and of the measure
iXXsJ, (ISk, S,) and with fet-h to the .!> if with it
without ,, (ISk, T, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and in this
case of the measure S^W, (ISk.S, K,) like SyjS
and »y>^£, (ISk, S,) [the O in both cases, accord,
to ISk, being radical,] so in the Biiri', (Msb,)
and so says Ktr, (TA,) but A'Obeyd says that
the Arabs in general pronounced the word with-
out ., (Msb,) The ^jJ [which generally sig-
nifies the breast, or mamma, but sometimes the
pap, or mamilla,] of a man : (Mgh :) or the
part, of a man, that corresponds to the \^$jS of a
woman : (T, S, Msb, K :) or the fifth of the
^jJ : (Lth, T, M, Mgh :) or the flesh that is
around ' tkc <jS5 : (ISk, T, S, K :) or the base of
the ,jjj: (As, Zj in his " Khalk el-Insdn," S,
Msb, K, KL*:) or the portion of flesh that is
at the base thereof: (Msb:) or t. q. ^Jj: (TA:)
and the pap, or mamilla, of a woman and of a
man : (KL:) accord, to the author of the Wa'ee,
the pi. [of i$j>£] is »>IJ, [with » substituted for
• , unless the former be a mistranscription for the
latter,] (TA,) and [that of i 3 jJ$ is] ^UJ. (Msb,
TA.) The word ^£ji is used in relation to men
in the Sahcch of Muslim, and i^^ii in relation
to women in the Sunan of Aboo-Ddwood ; and
many of the lexicologists incline to the opinion
that j_£ju is common to men and women. (MF
in art. JJ*>.) __ vJu^JI ojjJj, occurring in a trad.,
The tip, or fore part, of the nose. (IAth, TA.)

1. »\jj, aor. * : see art. (^jtf.

*• ^S<*^ t aor. - , It became moist or moistened.

333

(T, K.) >J>'j*)\ cJji t. q. c^J^ [The land
became moistened by much dew] : mentioned by
Yaakoob, who asserts that the «i» in the former
is a substitute for the ^> in the latter; but is not
known. (M.)=b»|JJ, aor. '- (T,K) and;, (T,)
77e moistened it. (T, K.)^And »ljJ [so in
the TT, as from the T, without, teshdeed,] 77e
fed him, or nourished him : (T, TT :) [or the
verb in this sense is f »1jj, for its inf. n.] <ujl£j
signifies the act of feeding, or nourishing. (K.)
2: seel.

^Ji^T.^M.Mgh.Msb.K.&c.) and ^Ju
and j^jJ : (K :) the first of these is the form
most commonly obtaining: (TA :) [The breast,
or mamma;] the part of the ckest whereof the
io-U. is the head; each of the two parts whereof
the |jU»JU- are the two heads: (Zj in his "Khalk
cl-Tnsun:") [and sometimes, but not properly,
the a«Jjw alone ; i. c , the pap, nipple, or ma-
milla :] you say jjuu ^ju a breast that it swell-
ing, prominent, or protuberant, (S, A, L, (, in
art. jjii,) that fills the hand, (A in that art.,) a»rf
/ia* not yet become folding : (S, L, K, in that

art. :) and 4<l ^jjj a^oj [he sucked the breast,
meaning the pap, or nipple, of his mother],
(IKtt in TA, art. *-oj :) it is peculiar to woman;
(T, K ;) or common to woman and man; (S,
Msb, K ;) being sometimes used in relation to a
man; (Msb;) accord, to the opinion held to be
most chaste and best known by the lexicologists
[in general]: (TA:) and is masc; (T, M,Mgh;)
or masc. and fern. ; (S, Msb, K ;) but most
chastely masc. : (TA :) the pi. [of pane] is jut,
(S,M,Msb,K,) [originally (jjjul,] of the measure
jiil, (M ? b,) and [of mult.] ^jj, (S,M,Msb,K,)
[originally ^j-aj,] of the measure j^i, (S,Msb,)

and JjjJ, with kesr to the .!» because of the
kesr to the letter following, (S,) and sometimes
JljJ, [originally Jj Iju,] like j>\~. ; (Msb ;) and
a poet says,

* * * i **

OLJLnrO .'I— Jl C-

.*,

* A ^ JO,

[And the women became widowed, or bereft of
relations, and without their ornaments, or in
mourning, having woe, pulling the breasts] ; but
this is something like a mistake ; and it may be

that he meant Ij.x£)1, and changed the [latter]
^ into i^j for the sake of the rhyme. (M.) It

is said in a prov., Vri-^ J^ 13 *h b^^ r 5 ^^ 3 '
meaning, ly-^jD ij+\, [i. e. The ingenuous woman
will be made to hunger and will not eat the hire
of her breasts,] the prefixed noun being sup-
pressed; or, as some relate it, [^LjJj, which is
plain [as meaning, by means of her breattt] : it
is applied in relation to a man's preserving himself
from ignoble means of acquiring wealth. (Mgh.)

And a-ol j^ju j«-, May his mother's breast be
cut off, is a form of imprecation against a man,
and used to imply a wish for his separation. (As,
L in art. .»»..) The saying of 'Alee, on the day
of his slaughter of the Khawdrij, j^£ ^jU Ijjikil'

384

among them is a man one of whose arms is like
the breast of the woman], not ijiju ^J«-l as
some relate it, was applied to a man who had,
in the place of one arm, a lump of flesh upon
his shoulder-joint, which lump, when it was
stretched, became equal in length to his other
arm, and when it was left, returned [to its ori-
ginal form]. (Mgh.) Respecting ♦ 3-iJ^, the
dim., whence the surname ajj-DI jj, he who
holds ,j;j.j to be masc. [only] says that the i is
added because the word [virtually] means jJI,
[which is fern.,] for the man thus surnamed had
a short arm, of the size of the i£jJ, as is indi-
cated by the fact that they also called him ^i
«&*»! : (S :) or, accord, to Fr, (A 'Obcyd, T,)
i is added, in this instance, in the dim., though
l£jj is masc, because it applies to what rcsem-
bled the remains (i-i^) of a ^£ji, the greater
part of it having gone, so that it is like 3.^1 and
i'tlm i [dims, of ULs and KLL] : (T, M :) or
the S is added because the word is regarded in
this case as meaning <uuaJI [tlic piece, or lump,
of flesh] : (Mgh :) some say that it is the dim.
of SjjuJ ; (Mgh, TA ;) but this requires con-
sideration. (Mgh.)

ij«w : sec ^jj. — Also A repository, or re-
ceptacle, (A A, K,) of the size of the fist, (A A,)
tn which the horseman carries the [sinews called]
»T~ic [of which the bow-string is made, and which
are bound round a bow, and round an arrow, to
repair a fracture in it, (see *_-***• and w-it,)]
and the feathers [which he mag require to attach
to any of his arrows]. (AA, K.)

-3'

!l ju A certain plant [growing] in the desert. (S.)

***** * * A

JO jli A woman large in the &\jjj [or breasts] :

'if 1 '

l£jat, the masc. form, is not used. (S, M.)

*.' "J • 1 *' "I ii *i "i

»}J>-j, [written by some °}J-*>, as well as Jj*-— •

and »j-»-o,] mentioned here in the S, and in art.
I ju : see the latter art.

1. i£, aor. , , (K,) inf. n. 4»J$, (TK,) [proba-
bly, in its primary sense, He stripped it of its

^jy : see 2 :_and hence,] \He stripped him of
his garment; namely, a sick man. (K.)__See
also 2, in three places.

2. *^~ir-j, in its primary sense, is The removing

of the w*» ■• e -> the fat that forms the integument
of the stomach of a ruminant : so says Z. (Har

I>. 1!*7.) And hence, {The aot of blaming;

reproving ; and punishing, or chastising, for an
offence, or a crime : (Har ubi supra :) or t severe
blaming or reproving, that rends reputations,
and takes away the brightness of countenances :
(Z in Har ubi supra:) which last meaning it has
in the Kur xii. 92 : (Bd :) or ^&& ^ip *j
there means 1 No evil, or mischief, shall come upon
you : (Zj, T:) or fyour offences, or crimes, shall
not be mentioned : (Th, M :) <^*iji3 signifies ftlie
act of blaming, or reproving; (S, Mgh ;) or doing
so severely, or angrily ; or, with the utmost seve-

rity or harshness : the act of upbraiding, or re-
proaching : and the going to the utmost length in
blaming or reproving : one says, .iXJLt ^j-J *)
t [No blame, &c, shall be laid on thee] : and it is
from * r >j+i\ [as explained above]. (S.) You say,

oy and *v.P ■ n -i *«r!p'» meaning \lle blamed,
or reproved ; or rftrf *o severely, or Rtt'tA f Ae utmost
severity; or reproached, or upbraided : (T:) and
*& v >, (S,M,K,) and JJjj (A,K;) and

t<yP, [and *eA* ^J,] aor. T , (K,) inf. n. «_>p ;

(TK ;) and ti^Jl ; (A, K ;) t he blamed him, or
reproved him ; upbraided him, or reproached
him, (M, A, K,) with, or for, his offence, or
crime; (M, K ;) and reminded him thereof;
(M ;) Ac showed him his deed to be foul, abomi-
nable, or bad: (As, S:) or *JLe ^^>jJ, aor.-,
signifies t he blamed him, or reproved him ; and,
as Suh says, a*lc V.A f Ac blamed him, or re-
proved him, muck. (Msb.) __ Also tThe acting
ill, or corruptly; doing evil, or mischief; creating
confusion, or disorder. (TA.) ass It is also said

in the K to be syn. with ^b, which means The
building [or casing a well] with stones: but [SM
says,] I fear that this is a mistranscription for
4-ijS.withj. (TA.)

4. He (a ram) increased in his fatness: (K:)

or acquired a »_jp, having increased in fatness.

(TA.) sss Sec also 2, in two places.

• »-
w*p ^4 thin integument of fat that covers the

stomach of a ruminant and the bowels or intes-
tines ; (Ltli, T, S, M, Msb, K ;) the fat that is
spread over the bowels, or intestines : (T:) pi. (of

mult., TA) 1>j,'J (M, K) and (of pauc, TA)
syjfjt, and pi. pi. w'jl-''- (K.) Hence, OjU>
w>jU*))l=» ^r-e.iJI The sun [upon the ground] be-
came like tke integuments above-mentioned: i.e.,
scattered ; being upon one place and not upon
another, towards sunset : a phrase occurring in a
trad., in which it is said that when this is the
case, it is forbidden to perform the afternoon-
prayer: and in another trad, occurs the phrase,
SJUI »_>ji=> u .» m .)I OjUs [77ie ««n upon the
ground became like the ^jS of the she-camel].
(TA.) _ And [hence,] -f A land of which the

<S **

stones are such as those of the Sj»- [q. v.], save
that they are white. (L.)

oLiy, (K,) or Objj [like oVjJ, with which
it is nearly, or perhaps exactly, syn.], (M,) The
fingers. (M, K.)

4»jjl, (TA,) fem. 5$, (T, K,) A sheep having
a large *Jy ; (T, TA ;) i. c. (TA) a fat sheep.
(K,TA.)"

w>l« tOne who gives little, (K, TA,) reproach-
ing for that which fie has given. (TA.)

Upbraiding [&c. : see the verb, 2] : (M :)
or acting ill, or corruptly ; doing evil, or mischief;
creating confusion, or disorder. (M, K.)

1. >jp, aor. - , (M, L,) or - , (so in one place
in the TT,) inf. n. j£5, (T, M, Mgh,L,) He broke

[Book I.

a dry or hollow thing: (T, Mgh, L:) hecrumbled
a thing, or broke it into small pieces, with his
fingers. (M, L.) [Hence,] \jl»L jJj, (S, M, A,
Msb, K,) aor. -, (Mr>b,) inf. n. as above, (S,
Msb,) He crumbled bread, or broke it into small
pieces, with his fingers, (M, A, Msb, K,) then
moistened it with broth, (A, Msb,) and then piled
it up in the middle of a bowl: (A:) or Ae broke
bread: (S:) and in like manner ~*3>jS\, originally

»>jJ51 ; and *»3^jI : (S, K :) and Ij^jJ ^>j^\> and

**3j3\ t ke made, or prepared, jup [i. e. bread
crumbled ,fc. as above described]. (M.) — lie
rubbed and pressed a testicle with the hand, in
lieu of castrating ; (K;) inf. n. as above. (Mgh.)
_ Sec also 2. __ He dipped a garment, or piece
of cloth, in dye: (K :) Ac dyed it with saffron

[fccj. (TA from a trad.) i=»jijl ^ >ji, (so

in a copy of the T, and in some copies of the K,
and in the CK,) or *}j>, (so in some copies of
the K, and in the TA,) He (a man, IAar, T) was
carried array from the place of figkt wounded
much but having life remaining in him. (IAar,
T,K.)

2. £i, (T,M,K.) inf.n. ^p; (T,S,Mgh;)
and t>jj ; (K;) [ISd says,] I think that the latter
is a dial. var. of the former; (M ;) He killed an
animal that should be slaughtered without cutting
the »-IajI [or external jugular veins] so as to make
the blood flow; (M,K;) i.e., (TA,) Ac A»7/crf it
with a blunt knife, so that he broke, [or tore, the
ficsh .jv.,] and did not cut so as to make the blood
flow : (A,TA:) or Ae killed it by squeezing and
pressing the a-lj}!, without cutting, and making
the blood to flow : (Mgh :) or Ac killed it with a
thing that did not make the blood to flow freely :
or Ac killed it without practising the method pre-
scribed by the law : (T :) or J->jH in slaughtering
is the breaking [the bones or joints <f-c. of the
animal] before it is cold; and this is forbidden.
($.) [Sec also ij^-e.] — Sec also 1, last sentence.

And sec *y, below.

«»#g

4. [It seems that Golius found )jS\ erroneously

written in a copy of the S and in a copy of the K
for £&.]

8. iji\ and )jj\ : sec 1, in four places.

ijj Weak rain. (IAar, M, K.)

}j> (S, K) and ~j*tjl3 (A) J A chapping in
the lips. (S, A, K.)

Sijj : see what next follows.

jbjjj and *i}j~o Bread crumbled, or broken
into small pieces, with the fingers, and then mois-
tened withbroth: (Msb:) or [simply] broken bread.
(S.) — Also, the former, (T, A,) and t \^ (T,
M, A, K) and tjj$ (S, M, A, Msb) and ll>£>
(M, K) and * »>}£* (K accord, to the TA) and

♦O-ij-". ( Fr » M «* ?») Bread, itself, crumbled, or
broken into small pieces, with the fingers, (T,* S,*
M, A, Msb, K,*) then moistened with broth (T,
A, Msb) fie, (T,) and then piled up in the middle
of a bowl; (A;) generally having some flesh-meat
with it : (L :) or * ~°J-ty signifies a mess, or

Book I.]

portion, of jup [or bread crumbled or broken

kc.]; (T;) [and so *»>jj5, and * »}jj~» :] that of
Ghassan is said by common consent to have been
prepared with marrow, and with eggs, or the
yolks of eggs; and there was no kind more deli-
cious than these two kinds. (TA.) The pi. of
ij^ji is j$\jj and )jj and >y ; (A, and Ham
p. 524 ;) the last of which is a contraction of that
next preceding it. (Ham ubi supra.) A poet, as
cited by IAar, says,

e- - > o .

[JVoro surely, bread, O daughter of two pre-
parers ofjjji, the throat refuses, after swallowing
thee, to rest, by reason of desire for more] : he
says that the poet calls the bread after two young
men, or slaves, who were preparing Jyy, and
gives tenween to (j'jy-i ov a poetic license,
instead of saying O'V-i' whtebj as it is [origi-
nally] a verbal phrase, he should have said by
rule: but the word, as Fr relates it, is '^Ij^jI ;

*

and [ I S<1 says,] I think that this is a determinate
subst., for jj^-JI or j)j£*)l, and therefore pro-
perly imperfectly ilccl., but here made perfectly
decl. by a poetic license. (M.) It is said in a
trad, that the excellence of 'Aishch above other
women is as the excellence of j*jjJ above other
kinds of food ; but it is said that what is here
meant is food prepared with flesh-meat, together
with Jjy, because this is generally prepared with
flesh-meat, and it is said to be one of the two
things called ^»J. (TA.)

I' i I ' k

ijjy : ) S(

jojj ; for each, in two places.

* "*'

siji* A [bowl such as is called] <bua» [app. for
*J)- (TA.)

ijLt One who slaughters (nn animal intended
to be slaughtered, M) with a stone or a bone, (M,
K,) or the like thereof; to do which is forbidden :
(M :) or one whose iron instrument is not sharp,
(IAar, M, K,) so that he mangles the flesh.
(IAar,M.) '

y\£* A stone, or bone, or blunt iron instrument,
with which an animal is slaughtered [in a bungling
manner: see ij~»]. (M, 1£.)

i)j^> : sec J-ijj. _ Also A garment, or piece
of cloth, dipped in dye. (ISh, T.)

* ' ' 1* * i • i

ojj—* : see jjj->, in two places.

"V * i

4*

LJ^J, (T, S, M, Msb, $,) aor. '-, (Msb,£,)

inf. D. J£j, (T, S, M, Msb,) He (a man, T, S,
Msb) had one of his central incisors broken:
(AZ, T, Msb :) or he had a central incisor fallen
out : (S :) or he had a tooth broken out entirely ;
(M, £ ;) or one of his fore teeth, suck as the

central incisors and the teeth between the central
incisors and the canine teeth ; (M, KL ;•) or, pecu-
liarly, a central incisor : as also *j>jii\. (M, K.)

mm+tf* ( T » 9» M » M ? b ' &) aor - »» ( M » ¥0
or i , (Msb,) inf. n. J£5 ; (S, M, Msb ;) and
tJufJl; (T, M, K;) He (a man, T, S, Msb)
broke one of his central incisors : (T, Msb :) or
rendered him >J3l : (M, K :) or the former, he
struck him on his mouth, so that one of hit central
incisors fell out : and * the latter, He (God) ren-
dered kimjy\. (S.) And ££j <~+? * oro,te
kis central incisor. (T, S.)
4 : sec 1, in two places.

7: sec 1 Also alltf C«*>!il His central

incisor became broken. (T, S, Msb.)

j>y\, applied to a man, Having one of his cen-
tral incisors broken : (T, Msb :) or having a cen-
tral incisor fallen out, (8, and Ham p. G13,) so as
to have a gap between two of his teeth : (Ham ib. :)
or having a tooth broken out entirely ; (M, K ;)
or one of his fore teeth, such as the central incisors
and the teeth between the central incisors and the
canine teeth ; (M, It ;*) or, peculiarly, a central
incisor: (M, K :) fern. &J3 : (M, Msb, K:) pi.

*Jj>. (Msb.) JUj&y t Night and day: (M,

1£ :) and -f time, or fortune, and death. (TA.)

AH
1. J£»l \jS, (As, S, M, K,) aor. '-, (As, S;)
and^'; (T,TT;) inf. n.tji; (M;) The people,
or company of men, became many, muck, or great
in number or quantity ; and increased : (As, T,
S, M,K :) and in like manner, JUM, (As, S, M,
£,) i.e., the cattle, or other property, became
many, much, or great in number or quantity.
(A ? ,S,M.)_^, (T, M,£,) aor. -, inf.n.

^y [or IJ3 ?] and l£i, (T, TA,) He (a man, T,
1£) was, or became, abundant in cattle, or other
property; (T,M,^;) as also t^i, (T,S,M,
Mgh, 1^,) and j£« : (M :) or * L £>il signifies Ae
wa«, or became, in a state of competence or suffi-
ciency, in no need, or rick; syn. L ^*Z^\ : (Msb:)
or it signifies more than .-J£-il : (T:) and.iL>Oop,
J became, or Aa»e become, abundant [in property]
6y m«fln# o/ fAce : (T, S :) and O^*^ '^jJ -»
became in no need of otlter men by means of such
a one. (T, S, M.) A poet says, (S,) namely, El-
Kumeyt, praising the Benoo-Umeiyeh,

[Ye have tke two visited mosques of Mekkeh and
El-Medeeneh, and ye have the number of the
pebbles of such as are between him who is wealthy

and him who is poor] : he means, ^» ^f ,>•
.,»$ • ., -ji »>- j< •' » ta\ '

>si o - ^ t-fi^ 1 J '• e -> ff^ IT* *?** &?" {'' —
&t Cop, (T,) or a/, inf. n. \j$i (M*) also signifies
I' rejoiced (T, M) t'n t/tee, (T,) or in him, or t'tf ;
(M :) and ib«v i^P, aor. - , He rejoiced in, or by
reason of, that. (ISk, S.)^^U^^ We were,
or became, more than they : (AA,S, M:) or more
in cattle, or other property. (K.)_>yiJI \y

335

He (God) made the people, or company of men,
to be many, or numerous; multiplied them. (A A,
T,§.)

4: see 1, in three places. bb^jjOI UjjJL ^ 77<e
enemy will not say muck respecting us. (M, TA.)

lp ; dual O'^p : 8ee LSp» m art - tip'

_p : see (^>j. — <v p lit / am t'» «o need of
other men by means of him ; (T, S, M ;) as also
♦,jp. (M.) = See also art. { j J i.

Sjjl Many, or a great number, (S, M, JC,) of
men ; and of cattle, or other property : (M, K :)
or much, or a great quantity, of property ; (Mgh,
Msb;) as also * l\y ; (S, M,» Mgh :) and l/ji
signifies the same as l^y ; the *J bcin^ a substi-
tute for the £>. (M.) Onc.snys, 5^^» ^JJ Ail

f ilP 3i> (ISk.S,) or l£$ t.l^ j!iJ .61 , (T,)
Verily he possesses a number [of men] «nr/ mucA
property. (ISk, T, S.) Accord, to IAar, one

says JU-j O-* *jy ant ' hj*' >» can,n K •'l <7r«o«
number of men: but only JU ^^4 Sjy. (TA.)
— Also The nt^At of the conjunction of the moon
and C'jh\ [or the Pleiades], (M, K.)

i>V}j5, fcm. ^P : see ^jy.

l\jj : see Sjjj, in three places. — Also A state

of competence or sufficiency ; or richness. (Msb.)

8 -

j_£p Many, or numerous ; [applied to a com-

pany of men ;] and 60 <bjj applied to spears

(-.tij): (TA:) also many, or m«rA, cattle, or

other property ; (S, M, K, TA ;) and so * y. (T,

TA.)__ Also A man possessing many, or much,

'I*
cattle, or o<Aer property; and so \£>Jt ; (M,

K;) and t^ : (T:) so too *o'i^J (T, S,
Mgh ;) or abounding (M, K, TA) in cattle, or
o/Aer property: (TA:) and [its fcm.] *^/J,
applied to a woman, (T, S, M, K,) likewise signi-
fies possessing many, or much, cattle, or other
property : (T, S, K :) the dim. of this Inst is

t C'Ji. (T, 6, M, K.) See also ^5. = And see

art. tjjj.

C'J: see Jji bpl [TAc Pleiades; the

Third Mansion of the Moon : it is believed to
be the most beneficial, in its influences on the
weather, of all the Mansions of the Moon, on
account of the j>eriod of its auroral setting, which,
in central Arabia, about the commencement of
the era of the Flight, began on the 12th of
Nov., O. S. : (see >ii)l JjtU, in art. Jjj ; and
6cc also J^i :) hence what is said of it in Job
xxxviii. 31 ; and hence, as being the most ex-
cellent of all asterisms, it is called by the Arabs]
JJL.1" [the Asterism]: (S,K:) the former ap-
pellation is given to it because it comprises, in
appearance, many stars in a small space; (M,
K ;*) for it is said that amid its conspicuous stars
arc many obscure stars; (IAth,TA;) the number
altogether being said to be four and twenty,
agreeably with an assertion of the Prophet: some
say that it is so called because of the abundance
[of the rain] of its *y [here meaning auroral

336

setting] : (TA :) the word is thus applied only in
the dim. form, which is used in this instance to
denote magnification. (M, TA.) [\jy also sig-
nifies J A clutter of lamps, generally resting in
holes in the bottom of a lantern: see an engraving
in my " Modern Egyptians," ch. vi.] The by of
lamps is so called as being likened to the asterism
above mentioned. (M.)
■i*

see \jy : = and see also art. ^Jy.

JIj«* A cause of multiplying, or rendering
abundant ; syn. J^Xo : so in the saying, Sljla IJjb
Jl»i) [This is a cause of multiplying, or tendering
abundant, cattle, or other property]. (S, 50

S ;- -«

** \£j~* Ij) Jam rejoiced in him. (ISL, TA
in art. ^Jy.) b See also art. i£p.

*• (^•j'i'l ^-iVi »«i". ; , inf. n. ^jj, 77ie earfA,
or /</»(/, became moist and soft, after drought
and dryness: (M,K:) or became watered by
rain that penetrated to its moistness. (Msb.) =
See also the same form of the verb in the first
paragraph of art. _j_p, in six places.

a- {Sj*> ( T » ?» M - &) inf - "• Kjfr, (?, 50

He moistened (T,S, M,5) a place, (f,) or earth,
or the ground, or dust, (M,K,) and &y* [or
meal of parched bailey or wheat], (S, TA,) and
any other thing : (TA :) he sprinkled a place :
(S, 5 :) he poured wafer upon, and then stirred
about, and mixed up, [the preparation of milk
termed] Jail, (M,5,) and J^,. (M.)bb//«
made his hands to cleave to the ground (T,5)
between the two prostrations in prayer, not separa-
ting them therefrom until ha performed the second
prostration. (T.)

4. \^£y\ It (rain) moistened the earth. (S.)
— t_*>j"})l OjjI The land, or earth, had much
moisture ; became abundant in moisture : (S, M,
Msb, 5 :) or it became compact with moisture.
(AHn,M.) [See also Ju.]

^£ji Moisture; humidity; (S, M, 50 of the
earth : (S, Msb :) and moist earth ; (S, M, Msb,
£ vLH th at ' 8 not moist is not called ^Jy;
(Msb;) or such cu, when moistened, does not
become cohesive mud or clay; (M,K ;) as also

B. P* *'

* il>y [an epithet used as a subst.] : (AO, T,*
K , TA : [in the OK, erroneously, .0^ :]) and
the earth; (M,K;) ^pl c-^J U, in the Kur
[xx. 5], being explained as meaning what is beneath

the earth : (M :) i£>J. and * ^Jy\ both signify
the earth; and the latter, being thus used as a
proper name, is imperfectly decl. : (Ham p. 351 :)
dual oV£ (§,M,5) and o'i^ I (H», M, 5 :
[but the sing, of the latter should be Written \y :])
pi. Sy\. (M, 5.) gl^Lt ^1 [TA« <nw mou-
tures met, or Aace m«(,] is said when the rain has
sunk into the ground so that it has met the mois-
ture of the earth. (S, M,50 Accord, to IAar, it
was also said by a man, (M,) or by an Arab of the
desert, (50 who, (M, 50 l)C ' n K naked, (5,) clad
himself with ia fur-garment, (M,5») without a shirt;

^-4J

(M ;) meaning the hair of the pubes and the soft
hair of the fur-garment. -(M,K.) And the Arabs

"7* iSy* >-j \fy> rr>i >jy y^i \jy y^,
meaning A month [of moisture] in which the rain
begins, and sinks into the ground, and moistens
and softens tlie earth ; for ^jy j± j^it : and a
month in which thou seest the heads of the herbage
grown forth ; for OUJl J*j$j *«» ij'Ji £> : and
a month in which the herbage is tall enough to
be pastured upon by the cattle : (As, S,* M :)
and a month in which it is full-grown and erect.
(As, M.) One says also, ^yjii\ .>• {\J\ ^jy I j^,
meaning The sweat of the horse appeared. (S>,*
M.) And J& *ff'i J> sr-i^l ,jy ^SjH J>\,
meaning f Verily I see the effect of anger in the
face of such a one. (T.) And Ul^5 £y\'^ file
is the knowing with respect to it. (T in art. u^.)
— [Hence, as being likened to moist earth,] t. q.
yji- i[Oood; anything good ; ice.]. (M,5- [For
jrt±, Golius appears to have found, in a copy of
tnc ?i js*"i a °d this, which he has rendered
" Terrae tractus," he has given as a signification,
not of ijjj, but of i\jj, which, like ^'ji, he also
explains as meaning "terra."]) So in the saying,
\Sj~N ^r-ij? O^ t a PP- meaning + Such a one
is a person from whom good is easy of attain-
ment : or it may mean, a person from whom good
seons to be easy of attainment : in either case
likened to land of which the moist earth is near
the surface : that the phrase may have the latter
meaning appears from what here follows]. (M.)
You say, iJjt J^ ,j'jb\ ^jjSi U^Li J,1, mean-
ing f Verily such a one is a person who promises

but who does not fit If I. (IAar, T.) [Hence

also, t Fresh and vigorous friendship.] You say,

^tti \J*t \j£n u~£i JJ t [The fresh and
vigorous friendship between mc and him has not
withered] : whence the phrase, &"&» &&'} ^J^f U
*><■• t [That friendship which is between me and
such a one is fresh and vigorous] ; i. c., it has not
ceased, or become severed. (S,* M.) Jerecr says,

[And wither not the fresh and vigorous friendship
between me and you ; for that ichich is between
me and you is fresh and vigorous], (S, M.)

[jS, fem. ajjj, Moist; humid.] You say ^j6j\

Xij>, (M, Msb,) like 1^, (Msb,) or t £j, like

• a -

i-i*, (5i [ DUt this is anomalous, as part. n. of

O^J,]) and t i£jj, (Msb, 5,) Earth, or land,
that has become moist and soft, after drought
and dryness : (M, 5 or rvatered by rain that
has penetrated to its moistness : (Msb :) or the
last, land of just, or moderate, moisture : (AHn,
M :) or moist land ; (T, 8, M ;) and so the first.
(M.) And ' \jfejj ij&+ A place of which the
earth has in it moisture. (TA.) And t ,j^J j,^
A humid day. (TA.) = See also art. }jS.

^£j2,.fem. ijjS : see y, in two places : = and
see also art. $y.

llyj : see jj : __ and see also ^jy.

[Book I.
Cfej*'- Key.

K

\>y : see art $y.

'8 'i

(jyl : see yjy : = and sec also art. $y.

r t' /• *' V /• • •' f ' •'*

[ y*, fem. lif*», part. n. of 4, q. v.] «UjJt» ^bjt
[is explained as meaning] Land of which the earth
has not become dry. (T, TA.) __ See also yjy,
last two sentences. = And see art. yy.

a r

\Jy* a pass. part. n. having no verb ; used as

an intensive epithet in the phrase ^>U {JjJ
[ Very moist earth]. (M.) = See also art. yy.

L hu, aor. - ; (Lth, TA;) [a pp. accord, to him
who says Jul J».j ; for Lth adds,] and, accord,
to him who says iai J*.J, (Lth, TA,) Li, aor. -
and '- ; (Lth, 5 ;) inf. n. [of Li of which the aor.
is-,] LLi, (Lth,IDrd,S,5,) and [of the verb

of which the aor. is ; ,] Li, and [of that of which
the aor. is l , the second pers. of the prct. being
npp. cJiii,] ZL\Li and iL^LS; (Lth, 5;) or
the last two, accord, to IDrd, arc simple substs.,
and ISd approve! of this distinction ; (TA ;) lie
(a man, Lth, S) was, or became, such as is termed

Li and Lii [explained below]. (Lth, lDrd,S,K.)

Li and *Ul, (Lth.S, K,) but the former is
the more correct and the more common, (Lth,)
or the former only, (IDrd, and IB on the autho-
rity of Ibn-El-Jawdleckcc, and K,) tho latter
being vulgar, (IDrd, 50 Dllt AZ asserted his
having heard the latter, (AHitt, cited in the Jm,)
[and the latter only is mentioned in the Mgh,] A
man (§, Mgh) having no hair upon the sides of
his face, but only upon his chin; syn. -r ^b>: (S,

Mgh, 5 or having a scanty beard : (IDrd :)
or the former signifies having little hair in the
beard, and til the eyebrows : (50 or [when you
mean the latter] you say ^.^.Uwll ho J^-j, (50
a man liaving thin, or scanty, eyebrows ; as also
^ ; ^.U.)I " h-i\ ; (TA ;) the mention .of the eye-
brows being indispensable ; (IAar, 50 ani ' 'Ir*'
tl m»UJ l iiau [a woman having thin, or scanty,
eyebrows]: (S, TA:) pi. (of pauc., TA) iuJl
(Kr, 5) and (of mult., TA) {j\Li and iLLi
(AZ, 5) and LLi, (IAar,) [all of which may be
of either sing.,] and t>Uaj, (AZ, S, 50 which is

of the former sing., (S,) and JL>, (AZ, S, 50
which is of the latter. (S.) You say also 51^-el
♦ i\Li A woman having no ^wl , (Lth, TA,) i. e.
hair on the pubes; in the copies of the 5 incor-
rectly written o-ll. (TA.) And *£Jl ^jl* A
side of the cheek, or of the face, having the hair
falling off. (Mgh.) _ Also, the former, Heavy
in lite belly; (5,TA ;) slow; applied to a man.
(TA.) 3= The former also signifies Human excre-
ment or ordure; or thin human excrement or

t •«» • #-

ordure ; syn. -»J-i. (Sgh, 50 [$ ee a ^ so •tJ^-]

1 -« -a - a -

Li\, and its fem. i\iai : see Ui, in four places.

__iUaijl also signifies The spider: or another

Book I.]

creeping thing, that ttingt, or bite*, vehemently :
(K :) this is from Lth, as in the O and L : but
in the Tekmileh we find ;TL£jl, like ,Ui, [app. a
nitstake for ftklil, like Mi>,] a certain small
creeping thing : or, as some say, it is iklll, of the
measure of III. (TA.)

L ili3, (S, A, K,) aor. '- , (EL,) inf. n. ^ju,
(8,) 2f« </aoe e«( to it; or made it to flow forth,
run, or stream ; namely, water, (S, A, EL,) and
blood, and the like. (EL.) Uj *t-«j, [thought by
MF to be w~»j, but I see no reason why it should

not be w-ju,] said of a wound, means It flowed,
or ran, with blood. (TA.)

7. ^.ouil Jt (water) Aarf cent; or it flowed

forth, ran, or streamed; (S, A, EL;) in, or

through, a v «ju« : (S, TA :) and in like manner,

rain : (TA :) and blood from the nose. (S, TA.)

— [Hence,] <*Jl v^ouili <v J.U0 1 Ifc caifed out

* • " C

to him and he sprang up and ran to him. (A,

TA.)

^^ju, applied to water, (EL,) and to blood,
(TA,) Flowing, running, or streaming ; as also

t^jii and 'vyul and *oW«5»- (£» TA.) You

say vyul J^* [A flowing torrent]. (A.) —

And [hence,] vyul ^i t [I?i>ti <Aa< fatal i<*
course like a stream], (A.) — See also what next
follows.

«_~*j, (so in the S, expressly said to be JijjL^iL,)
or ^<^ju, (so in the K,) in some copies of the
K, erroneously, v . » ..«, (TA,) A water-course of
a valley; a channel in which water flows in a
valley: (S, EL:) accord, to Lth, the rubbish and
scum that collect in the channel in which the rain-
water flows; but Az disapproves of this explana-
tion of the word, and says that it signifies, in his
opinion, the channel itself: (TA:) the pi. is

OUu. (S, K.) One says, JL, C^> o^" ^^
(jUaJI, i. e. The torrent [or rather the torrents

ran like the serpent called £l^u]. (A, TA.)

See also

OW" -^ kind of long serpent : (S :) a great
serpent; applied to the male and the female:
(Msb:) a bulky and long serpent,, (Sh, EL, TA,)
that hunts the rat or mouse, to which latter animal
the name is sometimes metaphorically applied, and
tliat is more useful in the house than are cats :
(Sh, TA:) or particularly the male [serpent],
(E.$r, KL,) that is yellow, and ruddy : (Ktr :) or
the serpent in general, (ISh,K,) male and female,
great and small: (ISh:) [also applied to an
enormous fabulous serpent; described by ELzw
and others :] pi. ^US. (S, Msb.) [u-e->J

ife^UJI The basilisk. (Golius, from a Glossary.)]

-•J i- •<

— ijlfxJI j» : see ».

^UJ ^^J »J, (As,S,E.,) or i^, (TA,)

and s . t /l « i,i, (S,) His mouth runs with clear water,
having an extended [or a ropy] flow. (As, S, EL.)

hl — Jsti

1,1 • »; . , ,

wjyul : see «,*», in three places.

^njfts [The outlet, or place 0/ outpouring, of
the water of a watering-trough &c. ;] the p/ac« 0/
passage for the water, in the side of a watering-
trough or tank : and a channel, or conduit, for
water: (KL:) pi. 4-f&- ( s > A -) You "J
i^jaJI yju* [5"A« oW/c< /or (Ae roofer 0/ the
watering-trough or tank]: (S,A:) and »Ja_Jt ^~xlc
[the outlet for the water of the house-top] : (A :)
and ji»+i\ yjut [the outlet, or channel, for the
rain-water] : (TA :) from >l«3l **-»■-> " he gave
vent to the water," or, " made it to flow forth,"
&c. (A, TA .) And iL jlJI 4**&> meaning The
channels, or places of flowing, of the mater of the
city : (EL, TA :) whence it appears that MF has
erred in saying that ^jWU signifies [only] a vb>*
[or spout for conveying away water from a house-
top &c] : not a channel, or place of flowing.

(TA.) [See also ]y^o, and 4-$-]

1 x"-\

JUul:

see

Bk. I.

juu, as an epithet applied to a leguminous
plant, or to an herb, Fresh, juicy, or sappy ; (S,
A, EL;) soft, or tender. (S, A.) You say juw juu
in this sense ; (S, A ;) the latter word being an
imitative sequent, not [generally] used alone ;
but some use it alone : (S :) and it is said to be
syn. with the former. (TA.) You say also i«ls>j
5jato Sjlju, meaning A fresh, juicy, ripe date.
(IAar, TA.) And juu ^jjS Soft, moist earth;
(S, K ;) as also J**.. (S.) — [As a coll. gen. n.,]
Fresh ripe dates : or dates for tlie most part in a
state of ripeness : (K :) or ripening dates when
they have become soft : n. un. with 5 : (As, S :)
that which is ripening, but as yet hard and indi-
gestible, is termed 3 ,,,«».. (As, TA.) [See j-*t.]
— Fresh butter: so accord, to Is-hak Ibn-Ibra-
heem El-Kurashee, in a trad, related by him.
(I A th, TA.) — jjbo ^j jju a) U He possesses
not little nor much. (K..) [Here, again,] the last
word is an imitative sequent. (TA.)

1. J*J, aor. ; , inf. n. Jju, J3« teeth were
irregular in their places of growth, and overlying
one another : (Msb :) [or he had a tooth, or teeth,
in excess, or exceeding the usual number, and
growing behind the others : see what follows.]

And ^j — II cJUj 7%e «oo<A exceeded the usual
number, (Msb, KL,) being behind the other teeth :
or entered beneath another, being irregular in the
place of growth. (EL.) [See also Jjw.]

4. t>lbul, said of guests, They were, or became,
numerous, or many, (EL, TA,) and straitened, or
crowded, one another: (TA:) so, too, said of
men coming to water. (EL, TA.) — Ulic I^JLaJl
T/tey acted contrarily, or adversely, to us ; they
opposed us. (Lth, S, K.) — JjuI said of a recom-
pense, or reward, It mas, or became, great. (K.)
— And said of an affair, It was so great that one
knew not how to apply himself to it: (KL:) it
implies incongruity. (TA.)

337

Jju : see Jju.

ji5 (EL, and Ham p. 647) and * Jjw and
*J,iii, (EL,) the last from Ibn-'Abbad, (TA,)
A tooth in excess, or exceeding the usual number,
(EL, and Ham ubi supra,) behind the other teeth :
(EL :) or the entering of a tooth beneath another,
with irregularity in the place of its growth : (EL :)
or tjj»5 signifies superfluities in the teeth, and
irregularity in their places of growth, so that
they overlie one another: (S:) or the teeth's over-
lying one another, and the excess of a tooth among
them [beyond the usual number]. (Har p. 243.)

— And Jju (S, K, and Ham ubi supra) and
*^)sv and ^Jju (EL) An excess, or a redundance,
(EL and Ham,) [i. c.] a small teat in excess, [in
addition to the usual number,] (S,) in, or among,
the teats of a sheep or goat, (S, K, Ham,) and of
a she-camel, (S, KL,) and of a com: (KL:) it does
not yield milk, though hyperbolically described as
doing so. (S. [But sec Jy»3.])_ Also Jjw,
[not JUj as in Freytag's Lex.,] A certain ani-
malcule that appears in a shin used for holding
water or milk when its odour has become bad.
(Ibn-'Abbad, KL.»)

Jju : see Jjw, in three places.

Jju : see SJbu. __ One says in reviling a man,
J*** > - z * \
JjdDlj J«DI IJuk, meaning This ignoble fellow,

that is naught. (Ibn-'Abbad, TA.)

* "i * 'I

J^Liu : sec Jju. — Also A ewe, or she-goat,

that may be milked from three places, or four,

(Ibn-'Abbad, K,) by reason of an excess in the

[number of] teats. (Ibn-'Abbad, TA. [See also

jyu\])— Angry. (Lth,K.)

JUJ : pi. of ^Jbu [q. ▼.]. (K. in art. ^JUJ.)

*

JU-> : see U\mj.

Jyu, applied to a she-camel, a cow, and a
sheep or goat, Having an excess, or a redundance,
in the [number of] teats : or having, above her
teat, a small teat : or having a nipple in excess :

(K :) or a ewe, or she-goat, having a Jju [q. v.]:
or, accord, to some of the lexicologists, a ewe,
or she goat, that may be milked from her Jju.

(Ham p. 647. [See also JjIju.]) jyu ijJS>

A mound made with a spear or the like from
which the blood is scattered, or sprinkled. (TA.)

— yjjiu i_A-»- A numerous army. (TA.) And
Jyu H ... :^ An army, or a collected portion there-
of, having with it much rabble and many followers:
(KL :) regard is had in it to multitude and crowd-
ing. (TA.)

a)Uj, a determinate noun, The ^Jbu [or fox] ;
(S,0;) asalsotjju 1 : (IDrd.TA:) or the female
s^JLju; as also * JUJ. (K.) = ^fll il'ui Dry
herbage : or jJIju is [the plant commonly called]
wJljuJI 4-i» [see art. ^JLju] : (EL :) this is from
AHn. (TA'.)

' "t*

Jju I A man whose teeth are irregular in their

places of growth, and overlying one another :
(Msb :) or having superfluities in his teeth, and
irregularity in their places of growth, so that
they overlie one another : (S :) or having a tooth

43

338

M excess, (Mgh, ]£,) behind the other teeth :
(1£ :) or having a tooth entering beneath another,
being irregular in the place of growth : (K:)
fem. t"j>Ju, applied to a woman ; (S, Mgh, Msb,
$ ;) and also to a gum (ill) : (& :) pi. jiu.
(Msb, TA0_-4. portly, or corpulent, personage,
or chief, characterized by superabundances of
benificence, or bounty. (Lth, K.)

Jju« Spread, scattered, or sprinkled. (TA.)

9 ft • •

__ J*JU 3j3 [yl company of men coming to
water] straitening, or crowding, one another.

(£.) OeA*£* >**" ft ^' t<! V eo V^ e > or company

of men, came in a connected, or continnous, body.
(TA.)

4.Ul.,« i_^jjl vl /urn/ in which are many ^Jxxj
[or faxes] ; (S, K ;) like ijiju, meaning " a land
in whicli are many «->jU* [or scorpions] ;" (S ;)
as also aJLulo. (K in art. wJLuj. [But see this
Inst word.])

Q. 1. tyJUi 7/e (a man) rons cowardly, and
eluded, or turned away, or wen* rAi* way anrf
/Aaf, or to fAe ri</A< and fc/i, quickly, and deceit-
/u//y, or guilefully ; as also » i^ J m uJ : his doing
so being thus likened to the running of the ^Jju.
(TA.) And \3ji i~» ^Jbw [//« was cowardly,
and eluded him, or turned away from him, &c,
through fear] ; i. e., from another man. (TA.)

Q. 2. ^tii&J : sec above.

* r Jju [The /ox ; cant* su//>e.i of Linn. : but
in the dial, of Egypt, the jackal; cants aureus
of Linn. : the former animal being there called
j'rr H ytS, as it often is by the Arabs of other
countries:] a certain beast of prey; (TA ;) well
known : (S, KL :) applied to the male and the
female ; so that one says y=->i wJbu and wJju
.-lit ; but if one would designate the male by a
single word applying to it only, he says " ^jUlaJ,
with damm to the «1> and J: (IAmb, Msb:)
or the former applies to the female : (K :) or the
female is called *&ju; (Ks,S, Msb, K ;) and
the male, * ot& (Ks,S,$) and ^^. ($>)
[accord, to some,] like as one says ijjit [and
^jCjit] and v>^ : (Msb:) or^ J bu is the ma/e;
and the female is called "jJlaj : (Az, TA : [but see
this word is art. Jju :]) the pi. of * r Jbu is *^Jliu
and JUS, (K,) accord, to Lh : but ISd dis-
approves of this [latter pi.] ; and Sb does not
allow it except in poetry. (TA.) F charges J

with error in citing, as a proof that ♦ uO^ sig-
nifies the male, the following verse :

• ^juIji yp ojw o* JJ •**» *

[ /* As a /yorrf, «/«>» n7«o«« head the he-fox makes

water? (the v in • - l»f bein g 8vn - ^t" t5** :
to in the Mughnee, in art. w* :) Ft/« indeed is he
upon whom the foxes make water!] said by a man
who was keeper of an idol, on seeing a he-fox
make water upon it : but in this, F opposes also
Ks and others; and it is asserted by several autho-

Jsu—jii

ritics that the correct reading of the word i,l*Aa3
in a trad, whereby F attempts to establish his

rf ■ t • ■ o ■

charge against J is not oWw, dual, of <^*Asu,

as he pronounces it to be, but o^*^> which is

said to be the masc. of w-Jbo, like as O 1 *" 1 ttn<1
»'j»j # •» • .. • *

OW>** are mascs. of L3 *j\ and w>/c. (TA.)__

^■■IxJI it j [for which Golins seems to have found

in a copy of the K >,■!«£) I »l^>] A well-known

disease, [namely, alopecia,] (8, K,) tn consequence

of which the hair falls off. (S.) ^...1j». J 1 ^s.

[Fox-grape: rendered by Golins " uva vulpinas,

i. e. solatium :" but now applied by some to the

gooseberry : and the solanum nigrum, or garden-

nightshade, is now commonly called ^jJJI^^u*:]

a certain astringent, cooling plant : seven (or,

as in one copy of the K, nine) oC»- [which here
seems to mean berries] thereof, swallowed, are
a cure for the jaundice (o^*s")> a *d stop preg-
nancy, (K,TA,) like the berries of tke Pjj±- [or
castor-oil-plant], for tke year, or, as some say,
absolutely. (TA.)=A hole, or aperture, (jm-*.,)
whence rain-water flows. (TA.) [And particu-
larly,] The outlet, hole, or aperture, (-.ji**, S

and Msb, or j** + , K, or ^-ii, TA,) whence the
rain-water flows from the place where dates are
dried. (S, Msb, K, TA.) And The place whence
the water flows forth (L, K) from, (L,TA,) or
to, (K, [probably a mistake,]) a watering-trough
or tank. (L, K.) = The upper extremity of a
spear-shaft that enters into the head tliereof. (S,
K.)__The lowest part of a palm-shoot when it is
cut from [the root of] the mother-tree : or the
lowest part of a [shoot such as is termed] ,_>ys>l;,
on the trunk of a palm-tree. (AA, Kl.)

*" *» • t *i l mi

juXju : see wJlxj. = Also The os coccygis, or
• j • j
tail-bone; syn. ^aa^ac. (K.) And The podex,

or the anus; syn. Cwl. (K.)
^Ubu : see ■~^>->, in three places.

9S '»2

rt t ,;.U.i A running of the horse like tke running
of tke dog. (£.)

ii\su : sec wJUj, anil see art. Jju.

i« tfi iii **

« L JL»lo ^jl A /««</ having ^JUu [or /oxm] :

(S :) or, having many thereof; as also &■«• ^jl ;
(K;) which is from aJU»j; or it may be from
«_^i*j, like SyuM applied to " a land having many
w ijUc [or scorpions]." (S, L.)

1. i>5, (T, A, £,) aor. s , (K,) inf. n. >3,
(T,) He broke it ; (T, A ;) namely, a part of a
wall ; (A ;) ke demolished it : this is [6aid to be]
the primary signiBcation : he demolished it, or
pulled it down ; namely, a wall : (T :) and he
broke it (namely, anything, [as a wall and a
vessel, &c.,] A) so as to make a gap in it, or a
hollow in its edge. (A, 1£.) — Also, (IAsr, 8,
Msb,IC,) aor. as above, (Msb, K,) He broke his
jiu [or front teeth], (S, Msb, J£,) or Am teeth.
(IAar, and TA as from the K.) And jiu, in the

• J > * 9*

pass, form, inf. n. jyu, He (a boy) had hit jii

[Book I.

[or front teeth] broken. (Msb.) __ 4Li Ojtv I
pulled out his tooth. (El-Hujeymee, TA.) And
jt\i He (a man) had a tooth, or teeth, pulled out.

(As,TA.) Also jiJ, (AZ, S, Mgh, Msb,?,)

inf. n. jii, (AZ, M^b,) He (a boy) shed his cen-
tral milk-teeth, (AZ, S, Mgh, K,) or A« ^i3 [or
front teeth] : (AZ, Msb:) or'^ajl has this latter
meaning, (A,K,) or ♦^l ; (As, TA;) and jii,
(?,) or *>5j, (Sh, TA,) or t^Jl, (Msb,) signi-
fies he shed his teeth: (Sh, Msb, K :) jiu is said
to have this last signification in the Kif&yet el-
Mutahaffidh ; and 1jju\ and ♦ jkj\ are there said
to have the contr. signification, explained below

[see 8]. (Msb.) —jmj also signifies lie had his

mouth bruised; and so *jju\. (K.) = iJLL!l jiu,
aor. - , He stopped up, or obstructed, the gap, or
breach : thus the verb bears two contr. significa-

« 1 »9 ' '

tions. (K.) And ^^jju We stopped up, or
obstructed, against them the gaps, or passes of the
mountain ; (S, TA ;) we stopped up, or obstructed,
against them the place of exit, so that they knew
not what way to take. (A.)

4 : see 1, in two places : _ and 8 also, in two
places.

8. >5t (AZ, Sh, 8, Mgh, Msb, K) and >3l
(AZ, Mgh, Msb) and >jl, (I£,) originally 'jii$\,
(AZ, S,K,) He (a boy) bred his central milk-
teeth, (S,) or Am Ju [or front teeth] ; (Sh,*Msb,
K;) as also tjtfl: (K : ) or he bred his teeth
after the former ones had fallen out : ( AZ, Mgh :)
and ~j*j\, inf. n. jUul , of the measure of >»^>l,

•r*'* * 'i

inf. n. jt\j£>\, he grew his jiu [or front teeth]
after the former ones had fallen out : by some,
jiu\ and jju\ arc used specially in relation to a
beust: the Bcnoo-Kilub thus used the former;

not in relation to a boy. (Msb.) See also 1, in

five places.

Ji5 The front teeth ; (S, A, K ;) syn. ^4« 5
(Msb;) described by a poet as eight in number,
four upper and four lower : (TA :) afterwards
applied to the central incisors : (Msb :) or all the
teeth (TA) while they remain in their places of
growth, (K.T.V,) before they fall out : (TA:) or
the teeth, (1£, TA,) all of them, whetlier in their
places of growth or not : (TA :) or the mouth :
(#:) pi. j^i5. (TA.) [Hence, i>5 SU~A He
laughed so as to show his front teeth, or his teeth.]
—.Any gap, opening, interstice, or open inter-
vening space, (M,K,) in a mountain, or in the
bottom of a valley, or in a road along which
people pass; (TA ;) as also ^ijii: (A,*TA:)
or the latter signifies a gap, or breach, in a wall
&c. ; the hollow of the broken edge of a vessel
&c. ; and its pi. is jiu. (S.) You say, io jl« »jm
*jJu \yt£ This is a city in which are gaps, or

breaches. (S.) — t^ frontier-way of access to a

j j
country, [in the CK, ?-}j» is erroneously put for

*riji, the word occurring in its place in MSS. of

the 1£ and in the S,] such as is a place of fear ;

(S, £;) as also *j.}>3: (50 tnc P art of a
conntry from which the invasion of the enemy is
feared; so that it is like a gap in a wall, from

Book I.]

which one fears the invasion of the robber: (Msb:)
a place from, or through, which one fear* the
enemy'* coming, in a mountain or fortret* : (T,

TA :) the frontier of <% hostile country: (K:) a
place that i* a boundary between the countrie* of
the Muslims and the unbeliever*: (IAtli, TA:)

pi. }9 iu. (Msb.) You say, jitJI

O**

I [ISnch a one stops up, or obstructs, the frontier-
access of the country by his bravery]. (A.)_-

See also »j*s, in two places. _ tjyu lj — «l J They
became dispersed, or scattered, (JK, A, K,) anrf
2o»/, or «n o ttate of perdition : ( A, K :) sing. yu.

(jk,?:.)

•- 9 I • " 4 • * "

5>*J ; pi. jjJ : see jiu , in two places. ___ Also
The pit of the uppermost part of the breast, or
chest, between the two collar-bones; (S, M,K.;)
the pit in the middle of the j—J : pi. as above :
(Msb :) in a camel, the pit which is the stabbing-
place: and in a horse, [the part] above the yt-yt-,
(K,) which is the prominent portion of the ja-J,
between the upper parts of the O^-M [° r tn >°
portions of flesh on the right and left of the
breast], (TA.)__A tract, or quarter, of the
earth, or of land ; (JK,K;) asalso*>5. (TA.)
You say, aJL* ijili\ JlL. U There is not, in that
tract, or quarter, of the earth, his, or its, like.
(TA.)^_.A plain, level, or even, road; (K;) as
also * jjii : (TA :) or any road that people tread,
or pass along, with ease; because they furrow its
surface: (T, TA :) pi. as above. (A.) [Hence,]

I jiu The ways leading to the mosque : or

>' * t
i\ ijiu means the upper part of the mosque

> - • * * »
[app. next to the kibleh], (TA.) And cr^^-i >*

jut.-o. i l jju I [He travel*] the ways of glory. (A.)

• 'il *ti

jjjju: see^jw-

ijt\\j The root, or lower part, of a tooth : pi.

>£• (JK.)

jitlo The place through which a tooth passes, in
the head [or gum]. (TA.)

- sec what follows.

jyJL* Having his jii [or front teeth], (A,) or
Am teeth, (IAar, TA,) broken. (IAar, A, TA.)
— Having his mouth bruised; as also *jiU.
(TA.)__A boy (AZ, S) shedding hi* central
milk-teeth, (AZ, S, K,) or his jiu [or front teeth].
(AZ, A, Msb.)

4. jju\ It (a valley) produced the kind of plant
called >oUj : (K :) or abounded thereivith. (A,

TA.) And \It (the head) became like the i*ui

in whiteness. (K, TA.)

>U5 A kind of plant, (S, Msb, K, TA,) gene-
rally (Msb) found in the mountain*, (S, Msb,)
having a green stem, (TA,) which becomes white
when it dries, (S, Ms b, TA,) and to which hoari-
ness is likened ; (S, Msb ; [Golius, app. misled
by a false reading in a copy of the S, says "simile
anetho ;"]) it has a thick [head, or blossom, such
a* is called] &»■•,,<, and [it is said that] it does not
grow save upon a black mountain-top, and is
found in Nejd and Tihdmth: (TA:) A'Obeyd

jii—jhi

■ays that it is a kind of plant, (TA,) IF, that it
is a tree, (Msb,) with a white blossom and fruit,
(Msb, TA,) to which hoarinets is likened: (TA:)
it is called in Persian <U»p ; (K ; [written in

different copies of that work <U*p and d-up and
*i+ji ; the last of which is said in the TA to be
the right reading ; a word said to mean worm-
wood, and hyssop; or, accord, to Meninski, as
mentioned by Freytag, zedoary ; but this last is

called in Persian W^jj, with which word a-op
may have been confounded;]) or •*—->! <U«p,
(S,) or Jufl <^-cj), in which [SM thinks] the
former word is a contraction of *ilj* jj ; the two
together meaning " in the middle white :" (TA :)
the n. un. is with » : (S, K :) and * i\+*5\ is a
quasi-pl. n. ; (K ;) as though the .t were a substi-
tute for the » of &ul. (TA.)

• - mi

j£\5 A colour white like the j>\ju : (K :) in the
L, a head wholly white. (TA.)

iUiSl: sec j>ui

1. C-i3, aor. -' , (S, Mgh, K,) inf. n. &j, (S,
[in a copy of the Mgh, Aju ,]) She, or it, bleated,
or cried, (S, Mgh, K,) [on the occasion of bringing
forth, and on other occasions;] said of a sheep or
goat[&c.]. (8,Mgh,K,TA.)

4. ijiil He made a sheep or goat [&c] to utter

t/«e cry termed Mu. (KOss^jiil U» *i«5l -?
came <o him and he gave not anything : (K :) or

L5^j' ^°J LJ^*' ^ a "^ '' e ^ ace no( a *heep or
flfoai, Ac, t/m/ uttered the cry termed .U3, nor a
camel that uttered the cry termed «Uy. (TA.)

Syu A single cry of the kind termed Mu.
(TA.)

l\ju The bleating, or crying, or cry, (S, K,) of
the sheep and goat and the like, (S,) or of the
sheep or goat, and gazelle, &c, on the occasion of
bringing forth, (M, K,) and on other occasions ;

(M ;) as also * 2^0, like <L£tj in relation to
camels,' and aXaUo in relation to horses. (TA.)
= Also, (K,) thus we find in the copies of the
K, but correctly ♦ <uU}, as in the Tekmileh [and
in the JK], (TA,) The fissure in the lip of the
sheep or goat. (K.)

Su\jl> : see what next precedes.

tb [part. n. of ( Ju : and hence, __] A sheep
or goat [&c] ; (TA;) as also [its fem.] SgfcU.
(S, K, TA.) You say, i\j % iO 2 U (TA) and

^0 "h ^^ ^ t* (S> TA ) J/ « A<u not a ^^

or yoat, nor a camel : (S, TA :) or *$} 3^\ } a] U
i-tU Ae /«u not a she-camel nor a sheep or ^oa ^.
(Har p. 333.) And tlj ^i |^ } JJW U t^Aere
« not m tA« Aou«e any one. (S, TA.)

SifcU fem. of ili [q. v.] See also fcj.

u;

i7fi

JUJ, (T, Jm,S, M,K,) of the measure JUi,
(S,) or !U5, (Mgh, Msb,) of the measure of L>\ji,

339

(Msb,) [a coll. gen. n.,] i. q. JijA. [i. e. Mustard] ;

(S,M,K;) in die dial, of the people of El-Ghowr:

(M:) or JjjA. worked together, or mixed up.

• » * j #

or compounded, (-J1jl«,) nittA cU« [i. e. wuce,

or fluid seasoning] : (M, Mgh :) or wAat m cai/cci

M J

<-»j». (S, M, K, TA) tn <A« dial, of the people of
El-Ghowr, (TA,) or, (M,) which is the same

thing, (TA,) what is called jlijil ^ (M, Mgh,
Msb, TA) in the dial of the people of El-'Irdk,
(TA,) which is eaten in ease of necessity : (Msb :
[see art. jwj :]) n. un. with 3 : (S, M, ^ the
• may be original, or it may be substituted for
^ or y. (M :) Sgh says, in the O, that ho thinks
the latter to be the case. (TA.) It is said in a
trad., ;UUlj _^J1 ;lil)l ^ o£^JI ^J »i U
[What remedy is there in the two most bitter
things, aloes and the .UJ ?]. (T, Mgh : but in
the latter, the last word is without teshdeed to
the o.)

>3

1 : and 2 : see 4.

4. «ji$\ He bound, tied, or fastened, upon him
ayu [or crupper] ; (S, M, A, Msb, K ;) namely,
a beast, a horse, an ass, or a camel: (S,* M,*
TA, &c. :) or he made for him (namely, a camel
or an ass &c, TA) a j£ [or crupper]. (M, K.)
[Hence,] ;^-> &*& ajjiu\ \ [app. I imposed upon
him a bad sale so that he could not rid himself of
it; lit.] I stuck a bad sale to his backside. (A,
K.) _ I He drove him, or urged him on, from
behind; (A, K ;) as also t »yu, inf. n. j-*£j ;
(K ;) in some copies of the K, ' ty\i, aor. - .
(TA.)_c>AjI She (a goat) showed, or gave
evidence of, pregnancy, or bringing forth. (K :
in the CK, >*JM1 sZ^j : in MS. copies of the K,
and in the TA, S^jJt.)

10. jhZL,\ I He (a man, M) put [a part of] his
jljl [or waist-wrapper] between his thigh*, twitted
together; (M,K;) h'e (a wrestler) turned bach
the extremity of hi* garment [between Aw thigli*]
and stuch it in the part where it was bound
round hi* waist : (A :) or d^y% ji£*\, (S, Msb,)
or »jtjl6 (T, Mgh,) or '»j\j\jhL,\, (Mgh,) he (a
man) turned back the extremity of his garment
between his legs to the part where it was bound
round his waist ; (S ;) or he (a wrestler, T, Mgh)
bound his garment, (IF, Msb,) or kit j\)\, (T,
Mgh,) round the lower part of his body, (IF,
Mgh, Msb,) or rottno* Aw thiglis, (T,) and then
turned back its extremity between his legs, and
stuck it in the part where it was bound round

his waist, behind. (T, IF, Mgh, Ms b.) OjA£-t,

said of a menstruous woman, signifies the like ;
(Msb;) :i. q. c ' ^4. t 5; (A, Msb;) She closed
her vulva with a broad piece of rag, or stuffed it
with some cotton, and fastened the [or each] ex-
tremity of the bandage to a thing tied round her

waist. (T,L.) And>k£-1,(M,)orAJJY>£-t,

(S, A, Msb, K,) said of a dog, I He put hi* tail
between his thighs, (S, M, A,* Msb, K,) making
it to cleave to hi* belly. (M, K.)

*JA (S,M,Msb,K) and *JiS (M,K) The vulva

43«

340

of an animal of prey, (As, T, S, M, Msb, !£,) and
of any creature that has claws, or talons: (S, Msb,
£:) or the vagina thereof: (M,K:) and meta-
phorically used in relation to other animals: (Msb:)
thus applied to that of a cow, (S, M, TA,) and of
a mare, and of a ewe, and of a woman: or
applied to that of a cow it is proper, not tropical.

(M,TA.) Also, accord, to A A and others, The

ami*. (Mz 44th cy .)c= See also Jitf.

jiu: tee jJu.

jii, (S, M, A, Msb, K\) and sometimes *yj,
(]£,) The [crupper, or] strap, or thong, at the
hinder part of the saddle ; ( M , $ ;) the appendage
of the saddle that is put beneath the tail (Mgh)
of a beast, (S, A, Mgh, Mfb,) of a horse, an ass,
or a camel : (T, TA :) it* two ends are bound to
the £&> : (IDrd in his book on the Saddle and
Bridle, p. 4:) pl.Juil. (Msb.)

*'t

ji~» : sec what follows.

jUl« A beast that throws its saddle backwards.

• A.
(S,M,A,K.) — l A catamite; syn. ^yU; (K;)

J& yj J\ ; (M ;) as also I'jiL. (M, K.)

J^jii The ^i [or base] of a date : (S, K :)

or the %+* of a full-grown unripe date ; i. e., tlic
round portion of its covering, Surrounding the
stalk, and adhering to the upper part of the date:
(Mgh:) or the part (EI-'Adebbcs, A 'Obcyd, S,
K) of the date (El-'Adebbes, A 'Obcyd, S) to
which the %+i adheres : (El-'Adebbes, A 'Obcyd,
8, K :) or, accord, to Lth, the connecting medium
(i»"^t) between the stone of the date and the %^i ;

and AZ says the like : (TA : [sec ^jbji as sig-
nifying a sort of dates of 'Oman :]) or a raceme
of which the dates have been eaten, or of which
all the dates have been stripped off except one or
two or three: (ISh, TA :) pi. JijUi ; (S, K ;)

explained by Ks as meaning the cl*3l of full-

• tst ^"

grown unripe dates. (8.) J^jiJ is a dial. var.
thereof. (TA in art. <JjA3.) The pi. also signifies
The bases (cU3l) of grapes: (JK:) or the J^JIj

of a grape is what adheres to the raceme; and
a closed perforation therein. (Mgh.)__[Hcncc,]

ft »•£ Sm

ijyjiu <0 U t He possesses not anything. (JK,
Ibn-'Abbad,K.)

1. [ Jiu, accord, to Golius, as on the authority
of J, quasi ji-,, t. q. ^— j, i. e. It subsided;
said of any sediment: but I do not find this in
the S, nor in any other lexicon.] = y^ j^.
(K,) aor. '- , inf. n. jti ; (TA ;) or t g& f («>
in a copy of the M ;) He placed a JUj [q. v.]

beneath the hand-mill. (M,K.) = *i»3, (Lth,
T, K,) aor. ' , (TA,) inf. n. jli, (T, M,) He left
it, or cast it away as a thing of no account, or
neglected it, (*&>j3, Lth, T, M,) or he scattered
it, strewed it, or dispersed it, (*^J, K,) all of it,
(Lth, T, TA,) at once. (Lth, T, M, £.)

2. >uLllj ^1 Je. jli, inf. n. j\4j, He
ate wheat, or other food, with the milk. (Ibn-
'Abbdd, K.) = Sec also 1.

•j

3. [Ji^J probably signifies t He ate JAj, i. e.

grain, ice. ; as Golius has assumed from the ex-
planation, in the S and K, of the act. part, n.,
which see below : or aJbC he ate JAj with him.]

Accord, to Ibu-'Abbad, (TA,) iiili is syn.

with *Iil5, q. v. (K,TA.)

4. JajI It (wine, or beverage,) had in it JJu
[meaning a sediment, or dregs], (Zj, K.)

5. *U13 t It (a radical, or hereditary, evil
quality) withheld him from generous actions.
(Ibn-'Abbad, IjC, TA.) = J He overcame him, or
subdued him, [as though] putting him beneath
him like the JUj. (TA.)

jiu The sediment, or settlings, of anything;
(S;) the dregs; lees; or thick, or turbid, portion
that sinks to the bottom of a thing, (T, M, Msb,
K,) beneath the clear portion ; (T, Mfb ;) as,
for instance, of water, and of broth, (T A,) and of
medicine, (T,TA,) and the like, and of a cooking-
pot, [i. c. of its~*contents,] (T,) &c. ; (TA ;) as

also t Ji\i. (IDrd, M, $.) J Grain, (T,S,

M, K, TA,) and whatever is eaten of flesh-meat or
bread or dates ; and particularly when people arc
in want of milk: (T:) or flour ; and what is not
drunk, as bread, and tlte like : (TA :) or the
refuse, or worse sort, of >UJ» [i. c. wheat, or
other food], (Ham p. 708.) You say, »l*)l « T >-'
Job *&■ .-A* J [He drank water, or the water,
not upon, l. e. not having eaten, grain, or flesh-
meat, &c.]. (A in art. C— . ,».) — Sec also JUj.

Jju : sec JUj.

J*j t One who eats JAj. (KL. [It seems to be
there indicated that the latter word is to be under-
stood in this case in the former of the senses
assigned to it above ; but it. is not so.]) One says,

>j*» «*fe J*!)l J-J, i. c. t He who eats JJu
[or grain, &c.,] is not like him who drinks pure
milk. (TA.) And ♦0^^* >U X They are eating
Jiu, i. e. grain, (T, S, M, K, TA,) or flesh-meat,
or bread, or dates, (T,) [ice.,] being in want of
milk ; (T, S ;) the hardest of the means of sub-
sistence (T, S, M) to the Bedawee. (T, S.)

iiju, (T,) or aJu3, (TA,) t Somewhat remain-
ing (T) of dates, in a sack : on the authority of
a j>er8on of the tribe of Suleym. (T, TA.)

JliJ Slow; (S, M, Mgh, £;) applied to a
camel (T, S, M, Mgh, K) &c. ; as also * JiS ;
(K ;) and JUu : (K in art. Jju :) one that will
not rise and go save with reluctance: (T:) the
first thus written with fet-h [to the <^>] in the
generality of books; but in the Tekmileh [of the

'Eyn] *jUJ, and there said to be applied to a
beast and to a man. (Mgh.)

JUm : see the paragraph next following.

JUi The thing by which the mill is preserved
from the ground; as also * JAj : (M, K :) it is a
skin that is spread beneath the hand-mill to pre-
serve the flour from the dust ; (T ;) a skin, (§,

[Book I.

Msb,) or the like, that is put beneath the mill,
(Msb,) [i. e.,] which is spread, and whereon is
placed the mill, which is turned with the hand,
(S,) tn order that the flour may fall upon it. (S,
Msb.) When the JUj has another thing to pre-
serve it from the ground, this latter is called the
t^ilij. (M.) Zuheyr says, (T, S, !£,) describing
war,'(T,)

(T, S, K, # ) meaning [And it frets you as frets the
mill] when it is with Us JU3 : for they do not
place a JUj beneath the mill except when grinding.
(K.) __ Also, (sometimes, S,) The nether, or
lower, millstone ; (S,K;) and so 'JUj. (K.)_
And A ewer; syn. (JjjjI: (IAar, T, M, K :) oc-
curring in a trad, in which mention is made of
washing the hand therewith. (T, M.) od See also

Jui.

* ' * *'

JiO : see Jij. __ Hence, as some say, metony-

mically, (M,) Dung; ordure; syn. *-»-j- (M,K.)

• -» • -
JiL« : see J*\>.

0*5

» »* • " *

1. .^ ^Jii, (S, M, A, K,) aor. '- , (S f K,)
inf. n. i>u> (?> ^ >) X Hi* hand was, or became,
rough, or callous, [as though resembling a UJ of
a camel,] (S, M, A, K,) and blistered, (A,) from
work. (M.) ■■ i"«t, (S, K,*)aor. - , inf. n. ^ii,
(S,) She (a camel) struck him with her oUu [pi.

of Lii, q. v.]. (S,K.«) And iiii, (T, M,

K,) aor. as above, (K,) and so die inf. n., (T,
M,) He imjielled, pushed, thrust, or drove, him; or
pushed, thrust, or drove, him away, or liack : (T,
M , K :) and struck, or beat, him. (M.) — Also,
(T, M, K,) aor. ; (M, K) and *, (M,) inf. n.

ZJi, (T, M,) He followed him : (M, K :) or he
came to him from behind him : (T, K :) or you

say, ijjw «V- as meaning he came closely pursuing
a thing, having almost overtaken, or readied, it :
and ^. ;«.._> y>, and j*, ikij, he went along, or
away, following them. (M.) _ And .^^l i>Aj,
aor. , , inf. n. >ji5, He kept, clave, clung, or held

fast, to the thing. (M.) _ And J^>JI £>iu He
associated with the man in such a manner that
nothing of his case was hidden from him. (T.)
[See also 3.]

3. iatj, (T,S,K,) inf.n. &li.', (T,) He sat
with him : (S, K :) said to be derived from 4-ju :
as though meaning he made the Uu [or lower
portion of the fore part] of his knee to cleave to
the aIaj of the knee of the other : (S :) or he sat
with him, knee to knee, or each sitting upon his
knees, fighting with him. (T.)_//e kept, clave,
or clung, to him, (T, K,) speaking to him. (T.)
[See also 1.] — He consulted with him in order
to know what was in his mind; and kept, clave,
or clung, to him, tliat he might know his inward
state or case, or his opinion, or his mind. (M.)
[See 1, last signification.] __ '. { jH\ ^yU <U»U He
aided, or assisted, him to do the thing. (S, M.)

4. tjtj, i>Aj1 It (work) rendered his hand rough,
or callous. (S, K.) [See 1, first signification.]

Book I.]

ykj Weight : or a weight : syn. Jju. (T.)
^ii A disease in the &i [q. v.]. (K.)

J>lj« v ^4j TA« jewed *w2e* o/a leathern mater-
bag. (S.)

Uj [The callosity, or callous protuberance,
upon] the hnee ; and what touches the ground, [in
the act of lying down,] of [the callosity upon the
breast called] the ij£»j& and the aitj*-, [two
words having the same meaning, for the latter of
which the K erroneously substitutes the pi. form,]
and of [each of the stifle-joints, i. e.,] the roots, or
lower parts, of the thighs; of the camel : (M,K:*)
pi. ^jii and oU3 (M, K) and OUJ : (T, S, M :)

the oUAj of the camel are the parts that fall upon
the ground when the animal lies down, and that
become rough, or callous, such as the two hnees,
•jr.; (S;) the parts that are next the ground
when the camel lies down, one of them being the
ij£9j£», with which they are five in number [as
explained ahovc] : or, as some soy, the £i*u is
[only the stifle-joint, i. e.,] the joint between the
thigh and the JL. [or leg properly so called],
internally, [meaning anteriorly,] and [the hnee,
i.e.,] the joint between the shanh and the arm :
(T :) or, accord, to some, any part that is next
the ground, of any quadruped, when he lies down
like the camel and like the sheep. (M.)_Hcnce,
(TA,) [The stifle-joint, i.e.,] the joint between each
thigh and leg, internally, [meaning anteriorly,]

of a horse. (M,K.) Hence also, (TA,) The

hnee of a man : or [so accord, to the M, but in
the K "and,"] the place of union of the shanh
and 'thigh : (M, K :) [or the lower portion of the
fore part of the hnee, which becomes callous in
consequence of much kneeling : see 3, first sen-
tence Hence,] Abd-Allah Ibn-Wahb Er-Rasibcc
was surnamed oUuJI jj (S, M,K*) from his much
praying, (M,) because long prostration produced
an [indurating] effect upon hisOtUu: (S,K:) and
'Alee Ibn-El-Hoscyn Ibn-'Alcc, (K, TA,) known
by the appellation of Zeyn-cl-'Abideen, (TA,) was
[likewise] so surnamed, (K, TA,) because those
parts of him upon which he prostrated himself
were like the Uu of the camel in consequence of his
much praying : (TA :) so too was 'Alee Ibn-Abd-
Allahlbn-El-' Abbas. (A,K.) — aLjl ^ &£jl,
(K, [in some of the copies of the K &UJI, which,
as is said in the TA, is a mistake,]) or iUJI UUJ,
(AHn, M,) The two edges of the lower part of the
«UU-, (AHn, M, K,) [meaning,] of the dates [con-
tained in the receptacle thus called; app. because
the dates in the edges become more dry and hard
than the main portion]. (AHn, M.) m Also A
number, and a company, of men. (M, K.) =
And [as fern, of ^s\S, which is perhaps unused,]
A she-camel that strikes with her OlJb [here
meaning her stifle-joints] on the occasion of her
being milked. (M,K.) Her case is easier than
that of the j^^i. (M.)

4 ^L«, (M,) or * i >*-», (TA,) may mean Large
in the OU3. (M, TA.)

O*-*

see tjJu*:t

i and see also ^ji\L».

t>»~* A man who keeps, cleaves, clings,
or holds fast, to his adversary, or antagonist.
(M.) [See also J>id..]

,jjL~» : see ^>iL«.

^u£* A camel whose Uu [here meaning his
stifle-joint] has hit, or hurt, his side and his belly,
(K,TA,) usually. (TA.)

* ''

i^ilio Keeping to a person, or thing, constantly,

perseveringly, or assiduously : (T, M :) or keep-
ing, cleaving, or clinging, to another: as also
♦j^ii* or t\>kJU (K, accord, to different copies,)
[or, probably, o*~»» 9»- v.].

1. oUJ, aor. - : see art. j^Aj.

1. ilii, aor. - (M.,IS.) and ^, (K,) He followed
him; (M, K ;) as also <uu1 : or he was with him,
near after him, or at his heels, as though treading

in his footsteps : (TA :) or J*J)t Oyu signifies
I was with the man, near after him, &c. : and
»yL«j ;U»-, he came following him. (M.) _
j>fii\ sZ.Ju I drove away, or drove away and
pursued closely, or hunted, the people, or company
of men ; syn. Co^k : (K :) perhaps from *ii\,
which also signifies »yji». (TA.)

2. jjJUl iju, (S, M, K, [in the CIS., the verb
is erroneously without teshdeed,]) lie put the
cooking-pot upon the ^ul [ph of «Uut, q. v.] ;
(S,M,K;*) as also t Uuil ; (M,K;) and 1^1,
(K,) inf. n. J&\3 ; (TA ;) and \ju\ ; (so in
some copies of the K ;) or \ii\, (so in other
copies of the K, and in the TA,) inf. n. o&l :
(TA :) or * UlxSl signifies he put, or made, for

it Jffi. (S.) [Hence,] s£jl C^iJ J The

woman was a wife of a man who had two wives
beside herself; she being the third of them ; they
being likened to the ^_iUt of the cooking-pot.
(M.) And * ( Jul -\ He took three women as his
wives. (K.)

4. jjJUl ^jAjI : see 2, in two places. See also
Q. Q. 1 in art. <Ju1. __ And ^ju\ said of a man :
see 2.

• - *• * * j *

5. j^w Jjj* O^ii (j**J [Evil origin, or a bad
hereditary disposition,] withheld such a one (<v j~oi
[in the CKI, erroneously, o-> j-oi]) from generous
actions. (K.)

!Uu, or *Uj ; n. un. with I : see art. Uu.

2^3l (S, M, K, &c.) and 1^5l (Fr, A "Obeyd,
5) The stone [which is one of the three] whereon
the cooking-pot is placed : (M,* I5L :) it is a stone

like the head of a man : (T, TA :) pi. ^U'l and

>J\j\. (S, £, &c.) [Sec more in art. out.]

p

^j/U*, and its fern. »UU«: see what next follows,
in three places.

341

,J(iJ, (M,) or *^», (?, [but this is pro-
bably a mistranscription,]) t A man of whom
many wives die : (M, K :) or of whom three
wives have died: (M,^:*) and il&, (T, M,)
or t;u£«, (5, [but this, again, is probably a
mistranscription,]) fa woman of whom many
husbands die : (M, $ :) or of whom three hus-
bands have died : (M :) or it signifies also ($)
a woman who has buried three husbands : (IAar,
T, ^ :) or SU£o signifies [like 3Ju£] t a woman
whose husband has two wives beside her; she
being the third of them ; they being likened to
the iVtil of th e cooking-pot: and " *t*U » ta
woman of whom three husbands have died: and
t ,JLU, f a man of whom three wives have died.

(S.) Iu£i, (S,) or tsuLi, (K,) also signifies

+ A brand, or mark made with a hot iron, upon
an animal, resembling the ^jilSl [of the cooking
pot]. (S,KL.)

o, and itsfem. <U£o: sec what next precedes.

\\iu*y> jji A cooking-pot put upon the ^IjI-
(K* and TA, and M in art. Jul, q. v. [In the
CK, erroneously, »Ub£«.])

1. ^J3, (S, A, $, &c.,) aor. '- , (JK, M ? b,)
inf. n. 4-*j, (JK, S, Msb,) He made a hole in
a thing (JK, # .S,« A,Mgh, Msb, K) with a.^Ji»i
(A,Msb;) meaning, a hole of small size; (Mgh;)
such as passed through ; he perforated, bored, or
pierced, it: (A, Mgh, K:) and in like manner,
t ^Sj, (K,) but this signifies he did so much,
or to several, or many, things; (S,TA;) and

t v l:-. (K.TA.) You say, ] JJI ^iS [He bored,
or perforated, or pierced, the pearls] ; (A,

TA ;) and oW [**• ' ar l- ( M g"0 And «*-Si
j^iJI ^« pierced, or punctured, the purulent
pustule, in order that the fluid, or water, in
process of excretion, might issue. (A,TA.) And
JJLjI^JUJI s^Ju The [ticks called] ,JU- pierced
holes in the shin. (A, TA.) And £»£)! ▼ v>*5
(A, Mgh) They made holes in the face-veils,

(Mgh,) L>y^«J [>r <*•*■ «y M ] : ( A 8aid of
women. (Mgh.) — . [Hence,] s^ 9 ^ v^» (¥»
and Ham p. 701,) [aor. « ,] inf. n. ^jkt, (JK,
Ham,) iThe star shone brightly [as though it
pierced through the darkness: see ^-Sli] : (K:)
or shone and glistened intensely. (Horn ubi supra.)
And Jul C-Iiu, (S,L,K,) aor. * , (S,L,) inf. n.
!>£ (S,L,K) and i/ii, (S,L,) \Thefire burned
brightly; burned, blazed, or flamed, up. (S, L,
K.) And JJpl 4-i5, (JK,TA,) aor. * , inf. n.
V^, (TA,) t [The jjj emitted fire] : said when
the spark falls (JK,TA) upon [or from] the
jjj [or wooden instrument for producing fire].
(JK.) ijliljj< C-IiJ \The odour diffused itself,

and rose. (K,TA.) — '<& 4-^» ( K ») inf - n -
4>yu, (TA,) J His judgment was penetrating ;
syn. jii. (K.)__i5UI C^JS, (JK,S,K,) aor. * ,
inf. n. v.A (JK, TAO t The she-camel had

342

iKno't milk ; abounded with milk. ( J K, S, K.)
s-^ii, aor. ', (K,) inf. n. $&, (JK,A,£,)
I lit (a man, JK, A) was, or became, very red;
(JK, A, K ;) to at to be likened to tke /lame of
fire. (A,TA.)

8. *^£j : see 1, in two places. — [Hence,]
t He (a bird) toared high, piercing tke region of
the air next to the clouds: (A, TA :) or reached,
or ascended to, the midst of tke tky. (TA.) —
WW «ui*, (JK,A,K,) inf. n. ^<£>; (JK,
K ;) and <u» ^JS ; (IAar, K ;) J Hoarinets ap-
peared upon him: (K :) or began to appear upon
kim: (A,TA:) or became intermixed in kit kair ;
or appeared and spread upon him ; or hit black-
net* and whiteness of hair became equal. (A,
TA.) And * 3—. U b ^..g. t JI ^*i> J Hoarinest com-
menced in the sides of tke beard. (A.)— .yJD
_i)*ll >,« t r/« «<«/A of the £»j* [q. v.], the
plant being rained upon, became soft: (S:) or the
tap ran in it, and it put forth leaves. (JK, A.)
When it has become blackish, one says of it,
J^J : when it has increased a little, ^yjl ; in
which state it is fit to be eaten: and when its
.jcyL arc perfect, J„'yL\. (S.) sm^Si, (A, K,)
inf. n. <^ *J &J, (S, K,) also signifies J lie made
a lamp, and a fire, to burn, shine, glisten, or
gleam, very brightly, at though piercing through
the darkness, and dispelling it ; and so t ^.Jul ;
(A,TA j) and tho latter, he kindled a fire (TA)
with tinder, (A,TA,) or camel's dung, or the
like : (A :) or both signify he made a fire to burn
brightly; to burn, blaze, or flame, up; (S,K;) and
so t ^JttJ : (K :) or, accord, to AZ, Jul t ^Ju\,
inf. n. v^J> signifies he scraped a hole for the
fire, in the ground, then put upon it, [i, e. the
fire] dung, tuck at it called jxj, and small pieces
of fire-mood or timilar fuel, and then buried it
in the dust ; and so jUl t v .i.tJ, and \j t'^JcJ ;

as also jUV ■ill*, inf. n. .'If. pi : and jUl ♦ v .JtJ
signifies also Ae struck fire : and ♦ ^-Jul, inf. n.
as above, Ac maifo a spark <o fall from a »»jj,
q. v. (TA.)

4 : see 2, in three places.

: see 1, first sentence : _ and see also 2, in
four places : as and 7, in two places.

7. ^ Mi i \ It mat, or became, perforated, bored,
or pierced; and in like manner, [but properly,
as quasi-pass, of 2, signifying it was, or became,
perforated, tec, much or tn many places,] T^Ju3.
(K.) You say, JJLjl • »g Jc J 77<e *Atn roa*, or
became, pierced tvith holes by the [ticks called]
J^- (9, A.)

4ii (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and t^ii (Msb)
and * aJu (8, A, Mgh, Msb) A Aofe, perforation,
or tore, Mat penetrates, or pane* through, a
rA»n</; (A, Mgh, K;) accord, to M{r, (Mfb,)
only such at it small ; (Mgh, Mfb ;) such as is
large being termed « T *i>, with ,j : (Mgh :) or o
hole that it not deep: or, as some say, a hole
detcending into the earth : (Msb : [but this last
explanation is not of general application :]) said

to be opposed to Ji»: (TA.) pi [of mult.] (of
the first word, 6, Msb, K) v*# (S, A, Msb,

K) and [of p&uc] ^JSt (K) and (of 3JD. S, Msb)
4 (S, A, Mfb) and ^Ji. (S [in which this

last is said to be with damm, meaning, to the Jj,
not (as some have supposed) to the »ii only,]
and A.)

^ > see *- ju.

• »

wiUu : see what next follows.

w>yj J i?W ; or a / A/m/ rotfA which fire is
kindled, or made to burn brightly, or to burn,
blaze, orfiame, up ; (JK, S, A ;) as also t w>Uj ;
(K;) consisting of small sticltt, (S, TA,) or dung,
such as is called jtu; (A,TA;) and tinder. (J K,
A, TA.)

^u J A man very red; (JK, A, K ;) so as
to be likened to the flame of fire: (A:) fern,
with 5. (JK, A.)__Sce also ^-iC, in three
places.

^-Sli t A star, and a lamp, and fire, (A,) or
a flame of fire, or a shooting star, (S,) shining
brightly : (S :) or skining, glistening, or gleaming,
very brightly, at though piercing through the
darkness, and dispelling it. (A,TA.) w-»U)l _#m. ti\
[in the Kur lxxxvi. 3] means i The star, or asfer-
itm, brightly shining; (Fr, Bd, L;) as though it
pierced through the darkness, or the celestial
spheres, by its light : (Bd :) or tke star, or atler-
um, that is high, above the others : or the planet
Saturn: (L,K:) or tke Pleiades, or any star
or atteritm, brightly shining; because it pierces
through the darkness by its light. (Jel.)-^tA
Jjj (q. v.) that emits fire, when struck. (TA.)_
t Applied to >+,....»> [i. e. nobility, or grounds of
pretension to respect or honour], it means Famous
and exalted: (Lth, JK, A,» TA :) or bright;
brilliant. (As, TA.) —And hence, I applied to
knowledge [as meaning Penetrating, or brilliant].
(As, TA.) You say also ^Jbdl ^S\5, for-^li
^ijti\ ^j», meaning J Brilliant [or penetrating] in
knowledge ; as also ♦> r .*<,« : (TA :) which latter
signifies also J learned, and sagacious, or intelli-
gent ; (TA ;) penetrating in judgment : (K :)

t* j ^
and i^lpl vJlJ J a man of sound and penetrating

judgment, sagacity, or intelligence. (A, TA.) _
fctf iL£ J£- ^l (JK,) or JU, (A,TA,)
I Tlure came to me, from them, or from thee,
certain, or sure, news or information. (JK, A,
TA^—.v^U <i£U l A she-camel having much
milk ; abounding with milk ; ( AZ, JK, S, A, IJL ;)
asalsot^iJj (AZ,JK,K;) andtileiJ: (TA,

•* * i j# • j

voce i~iJ :) pi. (of the former, A) «^Jw Jy, (so

in a copy of the A,) or ^Ju. (TA.) One says
also, ,J/J)I ,>• *w-iU \^i\ , meaning Verily the
is one that viet with the other camelt abounding
with milk, and surpasses them in abundance
thereof. (TA.)

j ,»t

s r Ju\ [More, and most, piercing, or pene-
trating: &c] [Hence,] tju *.-L». ^Ju\ \[The

mott excellent of fire-wood in yielding fire]. (TA
in art. lau>.)

[Book I.

* 'l l
vyul t A man (TA) who enters, or penetrates,

muck into affairt. (K, TA.)

v*- »« tA </rear road, (K, TA,) trAtcA people
[at it were] pierce, or perforate, by their tread.
(TA.) [See also what next follows.]

An instrument with which one perforates,
bores, or pierces; a drill, or the like: (S,A, Msb,
K:) pi. 4-»U«- (A.) — And hence, I A road
patting through a mountain; as though perfo-
rating it: (A, TA :) or a road patting through a
stony and rugged tract : (L, TA :) and, with the
article Jt, particularly applied to the road of El-
'Irak, (A,K,) from El-Koofeh (K) to Mekkeh:
(A, K :) or a road between EI-Ycmdmeh and El-
Koofeh : (L, TA :) and a road between Syria
and El-Koofeh: (K:) or, accord, to El-Bekree
and the Marusid, a road called after a man named

w-J&o. (MF, TA.) Hence die saying, c^i y.
^JUJI, : i. q. Cu£jl £$fc [q. v. voce £tf]. (A,
TA.) Sec also 4-513.

^Ju« j) (S, A) t. q. Vjii* [i. c. Bored, per-
forated, or pierced, pearls] : (S, TA :) the pi. of
the latter is ^~»&. (TA.) ^JjU lj\t\\ A

ft

hide pierced with hole* by [the ticks called] ^JU-.
(A, TA.) _ J r Jij\ '^\ &■{&&. [He, or
it, uttered plaintive sounds like the reed pierced
with holes; i. c., the musical reed]. (A, TA.)

~->5*Z-t> : sec y^JuA.

1. uuu, aor. - , inf. n. <L*Uu ; and <Juu, aor. - ,
inf. n. <_»*j (S, K) and ouu ; (K;) //« (a man,
S) became skilled, or skilful; and light, active,
quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious.
(S, K, TA.)_iJwS, aor. i»U3, is also said of
vinegar (J*.), meaning It was, or became, very
acid; and so Uuu. (TA. [But I suspect that
this may have been taken from a MS. in which
^Jjt. has been erroneously put for Jlo-j- In the
JK, I find 3S\ii Jjj jjj J^JJi J^j.])mm4iiQ

&&, aor. of the latter * : see 3 ;/-Ij| ciij,

aor. - , inf. n. ii\iu and i»yu, / was, or became,
skilled in the thing. (Ham p. 772.) __ And ■_«**
signifies The learning a tiling quickly : [its verb
is ouj or uuu :] you say, v _j»-y ^ji^jJUJI C«ti3

»jl«, and itL«aJI, I acquired knowledge, or tAe
science, and <Ae arr, or handicraft, quickly [in
the shortest period] : (TA :) and i*-j.f» II cJLu
Z" understood the narration, or tradition, &c,
owtcA/y. (Msb.) iiii, aor. -' , (S, Mfb, K,)inf.n.

«Juu, (S, K,*) or ouj, (Msb,) [but the former
is better known,] primarily signifies, He per-
ceived it, or attained it, by knowledge, or by
deed: (Bd ii. 187:) or he perceived it, or at-
tained it, by hit tight, by expertness in vision :
and hence, (Er-Raghib, TA,) J he reached him,
or overtook him, (IF, Msb, K, and Er-Raghib,)
in war, or fight : (Mfb :) or (K) t he found
him: (S, K, and Bd in ii. 187 &c. :) or fA*
found him in tke way of taking and over-
coming: (Ksh in ii. 187 :) or (K) tAe tooh him,

Book I.]

or if, (Lth, Msb, K,) namely, a thing: (Msb:)
or (K) by implication, (Bd in ii. 1 87,) t he gained
the victory, or mastery, over him; overcame him;
(IDrd, Msb, K, and Bd ubi supra;) or got posses-
sion of him. (IDrd, Mfb, K.) It is said in the
Knr [ii. 187 and iv. 93], >k>^i3 JJ- „Uj&3£
And stay ye them wherever ye find them : (Ksh,
Bd, Jel, TA:) or wherever ye take them, or over-
come them, or overtake them. (TA.) And exs.
occur nlso in the Kur [iii. 108 and] viii. 59 and
xxxiii. 01 [and lx. 2]. (TA.) For another ex.,
sec 4, below. — sJJu also signifies lie thrust him,
or pierced him, [with a spear or the like,] namely,
a man. (Ham p. 772.) — See also 2.

TA:) [and J gives it thus:] «JI ^^iiii UU
[meaning And if ye meet me kc.]. (S.)

6. %JmS3 t [He was, or became, disciplined, or
educated well, and amended, or improved ; quasi-
pass, of 2, q. v.] You say, i)jy ^jU ^1 C u t &J J*
X [ Wai J, or have I been, disciplined, Ice, save
by thy agency, or means?]. (A, TA.)

6. lyiUJ jTA«y contended, or played, one with
another, with swords, or ot/tcr weapons. (TA.)

2. AiiJ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. ouiLi, (S, Mgh,
K, KL,) He straightened it, or mae/e it even, (S,
Mgh, K, KL,) or straightened what was crooked
thereof; (Msb ;) namely, a spear, (S, KL,) [and
a bow, (sec oUu,)] or a crooked thing ; with the
oU3 : (Mgh :) [and so *<iiJu, accord, to an ex-

* O f to-

planalion of the inf. n. ouu in the KL.] u ^L"?
^yUl ( J* jgy— II, as meaning The directing the
arrow upon the bow straightly towards the object
aimed at, is not approved. (Mgh.) — Hence,
(M^h,) J lie disciplined him, or educated him
well, and amended him, or improved him. (Mgh,
TA.) You say, &i oI& U ilLjyi Mf&3 ■$
J[/i« t for thy disciplining, or <7<W educating,
and amending, or improving, and thy teaching, I
had not been anything]. (TA.) — You say also,
of vinegar, ^eUiJI tjuw, i. e. /« makes food acid.
(Harp. 227.)

3. taiiii JLa5U, (K,) inf. n. of the former &&
and JlJu, (TA,) and nor. of the latter ^, (K,)
He vied with him, or strove to surpass him, in
skill, (K, TA,) and intelligence, or sagacity, and
the perceiving, or attaining, of a thing, and the
doing thereof, (TA,) and he surpassed him. therein.
(K, TA.) Er-Riighib says that this is mcta-
phorical. (TA.) [Accord, to J,] ii3U»JI is from
«Juu in the first of the senses explained above.
(S.)__ v_>Uj also signifies The contending with
another : and particularly in fight, or with the
sword: (K : [see also ouu, below:]) and the
using of, or performing with, the sword; like
ii\Ju. (TA.) And aa»0, inf. n. &&, He played
with him with the sivord, or some other weapon.
(TA.)

US \

mj : I

•ii (

i\ [I was made to gam the mastery over

4. «v . Vi «.i

Aim, or fo overcome him : or, which is virtually
the same,] he was appointed for me [that I might
have the mastery over him]. (Sgh, I£.) 'Amr
Dhu-1-Kclb says,

• ls?* 1 ^ 13 J', * *"* j ■*' v^ £ u

• J}i 03J 2 *-*>■"* '^-•i' 1 O^J

.And (/"ye [6e mode fo] gain the mastery over me,
i. e. if it be appointed for you to meet me [and
overcome me], then slay me: but if I meet [you
and overcome], then shall ye see my condition :
but some relate it thus : v_*ijt C^3> meaning but
whom I meet, of you, I will slay him : (Skr, Sgh,

j Skilled, or skilful; and light, active, quick,
or sharp ; and intelligent, or sagacious ; as also

*Ji5 and *J& (S,K)and tJLiJ and ▼ Je«J :
(K :) or tpiji* signifies quick in understanding
a narration: (Msb:) and "«_»Uj, applied to a
woman, intelligent, or sagacious. (K.) You say also

sjji uuu J*-; and tJUU T <Juu, meaning A man
»y/*o is a rclater, a poet, an archer or a caster of
the spear tj-c. : (Lth, JK, TA :) or light, active,
quick, or sharp, and skilful: (S and K in art.
iJUl :) or quick in understanding what is said to
him ; and in taking what is thrown to him : or
skilful in his art, or handicraft : (TA in that
art. :) or a man who keeps, preserves, or guards,
and manages, or orders, well, that which he pos-
sesses : (ISk, TA :) and Lh adds Jj^ii ▼w»*tt :
and Ibn-'Abbdd, JL2) *J^Ju. (TA.) — A man
quick in taking, or seizing, his opponents, or
adversaries. (Ksh ii. 187.) = <JSj, or (as it is
written in one place in the TA) ^Uuu, also signi-
fies Contention : and particularly in fight, or with
the sword : like .JUu [inf. n. of 3, q. v. ]. (TA.)

see

uuu : see >JJu, in two places.

• jj •»;

oUj : see uub.

wJUi Skill, and intelligence, or sagacity; as also

♦ iiyu. (TA.) = Also An instrument with which
spears are straightened, (S, K, TA,) and bows
also, (TA,) anrt" [otAer] crooked things; (JK,
Mgh, TA;) wiade of iron: (JK,TA:) or a strong
piece of wood, a cubit in length, having at its
extremity a hole large enough to admit the bow,
[or the spear], which is inserted into it, and
pinched and pressed in the part that requires this
to be done until it becomes in the state that is
desired; but this is not done to bows nor to
spears until they liave been greased, and prepared
with fire, or exposed thereto so as to have become
altered in colour : (AHn, TA :) the pi. [of pauc]
is iisS) and [of mult.] JU£ (JK, TA.) — [Also
The handle of a shield of the kind called H tm «■ :
see oWI-]

* » ft *

>Juaj : see uuu, in three places. — Also Very
acid; applied to vinegar; (K;) and so ▼ l »j e iu,
(S, K,) like tJy>fc applied to the onion. (S.)
And vJUu yf\ XVinegar [itself] ; so named because
it makes food acid. (Har p. 227.) — Also, and
t.JyLL«, A thing skilled in. (Ham p. 772.) —
And both these words, A man thrust or pierced
[with a spear or die like]. (Ham ibid.)

343

iiliS The use of, or performance with, the
sword'; like sJliS [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.)
You say, «Jk~Jb mUJI ,>-»• y*> [He is good in
respect of performance with the sword]. (TA.)

*' 'i * 'a

ajjjLj : see JUj.

* "a "I J

<JUu : see <JA>, in two places:— and see

uuul More, and most , skilled, or skilful, [in a
general sense, and particularly] in contending, or
playing, with the sword, or other weapon. (TA .)

uuu* A spear straightened, or wwm/« ewn.
(TA.) [Accord, to Freytag, it is poetically used
as signifying A spear itself; and so with ♦.]

it

tjiyu* : see uui.

JI3

1. jij, aor. -' , inf. n. Jiu (S, Msb, K,&c.) and
JaJ, a contraction of the former, (Msb,) and 2)Uu,
(£ TA, in the CK SJUJ, but) like iil>£>, (TA,)
It (a thing, S, Msb) was, or became, heavy, weighty,
or ponderous. (S, K.) [See Jij, below.] ^ See
also 4. — [[It was, or became, heavy, weighty,
or prejwndcrant , ideally.] Aijj\y» cJJu ^o L»ls,
in the Kur ci. 5, means t And as to him whose
good deeds shall be preponderant. (Bd,Jel.) [Sec
also Kur vii. 7 and xxiii. 104.] — [f- Jr was, or
became, heavy, or weighty, as meaning onerous,
burdensome, oppressive, afflictive, grievous, or
troublesome.] You say, JyUI Jii I The saying
was [heavy, or weighty, &c. ; or] unpleasant to
be heard. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur
vii. 186, ^ofyj -ilj^Jt ^ *£«ii3 + 7< (the time
of the resurrection) will be momentous, or formid-
able, [in the heavens and on the earth, or] to the
inhabitants of the heavens and the earth, (Bd,
Jel,) to the angels and men and genii; app.
alluding to the wisdom shown in concealing it :
(Bd:) or it means the knowledge thereof [is diffi-
cult]: (Ibn-'Arafeh, TA :) or it is occult, or
hidden. (Kt, TA.) [ Ji3 is also said of a word, and
of a sound, meaning fit was heavy, or not easy, of
utterance ; or heavy to the ear : see 2. And of
an affair, or action, meaning + It was afflictive,
grievous, troublesome, or difficult. In these and
similar senses, it is trans, by means of ^ylc : you
say, Z^a jsu -fit was, or became, heavy, weighty,
onerous, &c., to him. In like manner also it is
said of food, meaning f It wax, or became, heavy
to the stomach ; difficult of digestion.] You say
also, itt»< ,jij t [His hearing was, or became,
heavy; or] his hearing partially went. (K,TA.)
— I He (a man) was, or became, heavy in sick-
ness, or disease : [and in like manner, in his
sleep :] the verb is thus, with damm to the J >
though said in the K to be JJw, like »ji, as

meaning his disease became violent; (Fet-h el-
Bdree, TA;) not improbably through error or
inadvertence. (MF.)— [f He was, or became,
heavy, slow, sluggish, indolent, lazy, dull, torpid,
or drowsy; wanting in alacrity, activity, agility,
animation, spirit, or intelligence; stupid.] You
say, AfJI i _ J SJ^ U JyJ yj* Jii> t [He is averse
from receiving, or accepting, or admitting, or is

344

slow to receive, tec, what it said to him]. (TA.)
— Also, said of the fJj*} and of the>U->, I Its
shoots became luxuriant, or succulent, or sappy.
(K, TA.) mi Xtf, (JK, & K,) »j^, (K,) aor. '- ,
(TA,) inf. n. JaJ, (K,) He tried the weight of
it, (JK,S, K,) namely, a thing, (K,) or a sheep
or goat, (S,) by lifting it [with his hand] to see

if it were heavy or light! (S, TA.) i^li\ JS3

ijj )JI iJ *l^"» aor ' and '"'* "■ M above, (S,)
The thing surpassed the thing in weight; out-
weighed it. (PS.) _ See also 2.

2. *JJu, inf. n. J^iLJ, 2(«, or it, m«<£« if, or
Aim, JJu [i. e. heavy, properly and tropically] :
(K :) JJuJ is the conir. o/ J^teJ ; (S ;) and
nignifics the making heavy in weight [&c] ; as

also Jm [inf. n. of * *&]. (KL.) [Hence,

t He made it (a word or a sound) heavy, or not
easy, of utterance; or heavy to the ear: and
particularly a word by uttering hemzeh with its
true, or proper, sound, which is commonly termed

«r»y)1 Jt«* «> and opposed to \fh&e* i ; and by
making a single consonant double ; and by making
a quiescent consonant movent : often occurring in
these senses in lexicons and grammars: opposed

J-3 .

to «***..]

4. aJUuI He, or if, (a load, S, or a thing, Msb,)
[burdened him: or] burdened him heavily : (K:)
or beyond his power; overburdened him. (JK,

Msb,TA.*) \ In the latter sense, said also of

a debt : and of sickness, or a disease : (JK :) or,
said of sickness, or a disease, and of sleep, and of
meanness, or sordidness, Jit [burdened him,] over-
came him, and rendered him heavy. (K,* TA,*
TK.)aawJUul, said of a woman, She became
gravid ; her burden became heavy in her belly :
(S :) or she had a burden, (Akh, S, and Bd in
vii. 181),) by reason of the greatness of the child
in her belly: (ltd, Jel :) or her pregnancy became
apparent, or manifest ; as also *wJL»J. (K.)

8. [•■«£ j»i* JiUj He pressed heavily, or
bore his weight, upon a thing: see JiUi*.] —
I^ISUJ | [They were heavy, sluggish, or spirit-
less :] they did not rise and hasten to the fight
when commanded to do so. (IDrd, K.) And
>>■$' tjj J 51 ^* (? and 5 »» art. Jkf, kc.,)
and u*j*)\ jjJI JiOt, the former being the ori-
ginal form of the verb, (Bd and Jel in ix. 38,)
t He was, or became, heavy, slow, or sluggish,
(Bd, Jel,) averse from warring against the un-
believers, (Jel,) and inclining to the earth, or
ground; (ltd, Jcl;) or propending thereto, (ltd.)

And L^jjJI ^1 JJIjI i He propended to the
present world. (TA.) And *«t JiUJ + He was
heavy, or sluggish, and held bach from it. (K.)

10. <lU*;.<1 contr. of * iuL ~ .,.>\ ; (S and K and
TA in art owfc ;) 7/e deemed it, or Aim, J-£5
[i. e. heavy, properly and tropically]. (TA in
that art.) — [Hence, t He deemed it (a word or
a sound) heavy, or not easy, of utterance; or
heavy to the ear : often occurring in this sense in
lexicons and grammars.] __Uy Ji--I t[//e
mmm overcome, and rendered heavy, by sleep : and
in like manner, Us**, fty sichiiess or disease : and

J*

•»» *
U£J, fry meanness or sordidness: see its pass.

part, n., below]. (JK.)

,J*3 Weight : or a weight : syn. ^jj : (S,

Msb, KL :) pi. JU5I. (S.) So in the phrase

<oJu xktl [(?i»e zAou Aim Ais, or its, weight].

' * ' * * t '»<

(S, Msb.) See also JUL*. You say also, .«i)l

*}Ju <uic or "*JUL» [/Te threw upon him his
weight : see JUi*, last sentence : and sec j>j+-].

(S in art. j^l &c, accord, to different copies.)

And A load, or burden : (KL:) or a heavy load
or burden: pi. as above. (K.) ^oOUul J.- 'j,
in the Kur xvi. 7, means ^wi 1 they carry your
loads, or burdens ; (Bd ;) or your heavy loads or

burdens. (TA.) JUul (as pi. of JJu, K, or of

* JiS, Bd) also signifies J The treasures, or buried
treasures, of the earth : and its dead, or corpses.

(K, TA, and Bd and Jel in xcix. 2.) Also (as

pi. of JJu, K) I -Sin*. (JK,K.) So in the saying
in the Kur [xxix. 12], ju> ^Uulj ^JUul »>Ulj}
^o^JliJl J [And they shall assuredly bear their sins,
and sins (of others whom they have seduced) with
their sins]. (TA.)

Jii A thing, or things, that a man has with
him, of such things as burden him : (Ham p. 295 :)
[and particularly] the household-goods, or furniture
and utensils, (El-Farabee, JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K,
Ham ubi supii, and Bd in xcix. 2,) and (accord,
to El-Farabee, Msb) the household and kindred
and party, or domestics, or servants, (JK, S,
Mgh, Msb, K, and Ham,) of a man, (Ham,) or
of a traveller : (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K :) [or the
travelling-apparatus and baggage and train, of a
man :] pi. JUwl ; (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K ;•) with
which * SMj is syn., (JK, S, K,) as are also *iJUu
and TAJlftj and ♦iLii and liXio ; (K ;) as meaning
all the household-goods or furniture and utensils of
persons going on a journey. (S,K.)^See also JJu.
__ f The requisites and apparatus, instruments,
tools, or the like, of a man : (Ham ubi supra :)
as, for instance, I the books and writing-reeds of
the learned man : every craftsman has what is
thus termed. (TA.) By the saying

* a^-ju V*u> £& i£> •

the author thereof, Iyas Et-Ta-ee, means ifocA of
our two armies, the possessors of the &"$£$ [or
apparatus, or weapons, &c, of war, is longing
for spoil] : or an army may be termed JJu be-
cause it is heavy in assault (Ham ubi supra.) —
Anything held in high estimation, in muck request,
and preserved with care. (K, TA.) Hence the
trad., u^Saj -i>T J.U£» ^^UiJI J4» ^jp ^J
[ Verily I am leaving among you the two objects
of high estimation and of care, the Hook of God,
and my kindred, or near kindred] : (K :) or they
are thus called because of the heaviness of acting
in the manner required by them : (Th, TA :) or
as being likened to the requisites and apparatus,
instruments, tools, or the like, of a man. (Ham
ubi supra.) — Also Eggs oft he ostrich; because
he who takes them rejoices in them, and they are
food. (TA.) — 0*£i£j| Mankind and the jinn
or genii; (S, Msb, K;) because, by the discrimi-

[Book I.

nation that they possess, they excel other animate
beings. (TA.) It may also mean The Arabs and
the foreigners : or mankind and other animate
beings. (Ham ubi supra.)

JiJ Heaviness; weight, or weightiness; pon-
derousness; gravity ; contr. of <U*. : (S, K, and
Er-Raghib :) and preponderance : in its primary
acceptation, relating to corporeal objects : then, to
ideal objects. (Er-Rdghib,TA. [See Jju, through-
out.]) See also J*3 Jib *iil ^ J [In his

ear is a heaviness, or dulness,] is said of him
whose hearing is not good; as though he were
averse from receiving, or accepting, or admitting,
or slow to receive, &c, what is said to him.
(TA.)

UJu : see Jju Also fAfit of drowsiness, or

of slumber, that overcomes one: (JK, M, K :)
and I a heaviness experienced in the chest, (K,
TA,) or in the body, (TA,) from food : as also
♦ aJju : (K, TA :) or the former, or t the latter,
(accord, to different copies of the S,) fa heaviness
and languor in the body : (S :) and t the latter,
t a heaviness that is experienced on the heart.
(JK.)

• i it *'i

aJUu : see JJu.

AUj : see Ji3 : — _ and sec iUJ, in three places.

A

sec JJu.

JUu : see Jwu, in two places. — Also, applic.
to a woman, (JK,S, K,) Heavy; (S;) large in
the hinder part, or posteriors: (JK,*S,*K,TA:)
or heavy (K, TA) in an ideal sense. (TA.)

* 'i * i

JUu : sec J-iu.

JeiJ part. n. of JJu ; (S, Msb, K ;) Heavy,
weighty, or ponderous : (S, K, and Er-Raghib :)
and so in relation to another thing; prepon-
derant : primarily applied to a corporeal thing :
(Er-RAghib, TA:) and *jliJ and *juj signify
the same: (K:) pi. JUu and JJu and i^Ju [which
last, however, seems to be applied only to rational
beings, agreeably with analogy], (K.)_[Like
its verb,] it is also applied to an ideal thing. (Er-
Raghib, TA.) [Thus it signifies f Heavy, or
weighty, in the sense of onerous, burdensome,
oppressive, afflictive, grievous, or troublesome :
momentous, or formidable : difficult : heavy, or
not easy, of utterance; or heavy to the ear; ap-
plied to a word and a sound ; and particularly to
a word in which a single consonant is made double,
and to one in which a quiescent consonant is made
movent, like " JJU* : heavy to the stomach ; diffi-
cult of digestion : heavy applied to the hearing : seo
the verb.] "Sl^u *^)y>, in the Kur [lxxiii. 5], means

\A heavy, or weighty, saying. (TA.)

«oy»i

means f [The heavy-sounding ^ ; as in ^jiJuu
tec. ;] the contr. of littjUI. (TA in art u»*..)
__ It is also applied to a man, (JK,) meaning
J [Heavy in sickness, or disease; or] suffering a
violent disease : (K :) [and \heavy, slow, sluggish,
indolent, lazy, dull, torpid, or drowsy; wanting
in alacrity, activity, agility, animation, spirit,

Book I.]

■ * lit!**

or intelligence; stupid:] and so is " Jiii~» :
(JK:) which also means, particularly, j overcome,
and rendered heavy, by sleep (Uy), (JK/K/
TK,) and by sickness or disease Q*bj+), and by
meanness or sordidness (l«£)). (K.) wr 1 ^*" *J^ J
[expressly said in the TA to be with kesr, but in
the CK, erroneously, JUu,] and ^Ut ^Uj mean
t Those wen whose company is disliked; (K;)
whom others deem heavy : each is pi. of J-»J.
(TA.) One says, SiS&±. ^J* JJ& C-J» t [Thou
art heavy, or dull, or unwelcome, to thy com-
panions with whom thou sittest]. (TA.) And (to
him who is JJu, TA in art. jr-^y) Jef" "^J «- J ' *•
jn "» >jlj jljl + [TAou art no o<Aer Man one
»»Ao ca*<* « gloom upon others, and chills them :
lit., heavy of shade, or shadow; cold of breeze].
(TA.) J-iJ, applied to a man, is mostly used in
dispraise: but sometimes, in praise : (Er-Raghib,
TA :) used in praise, it signifies + Grave, staid,
steady, sedate, or calm. (Kull.) Applied to a
horse, t Slow; (Kull ;) and so ♦ JUti applied to a
camel; (K;) a meaning also assigned to JUS,
with >_> ; (TA ;) and t JA~«, applied to a horse
or tin; like. (JK.) ^UJJ UU*. IjJAil, in the
l£ur [ix. 41], nionns i[Go ye forth to fight]
prompt and not prompt: (Katadeh,Bd, Jel,TA:)
or whether moving be easy to you or difficult :
(Bd,* TA :) or riding and walking : or lightly
armed and heavily armed: or healthy and sick:
(Bd:) or strong and weak: (Jel:) or rick and
poor: (Jel, TA:) or young and old. (TA.)

J»0 A ileeuur of full weight; (Z;) not defi-
cient: (S,K:) l»I.Jl#. (S,Z,K.)_^5l3ll^
\He became, or became in the morning, heavy
by rtason of sickness, or disease. (Aboo-Nasr,
£,TA.)

Jijl More [and most] heavy. (TA.)

JiL> Heavily burdened: (TA:) or burdened
beyond his power; overburdened. (JK,TA.)_
t Weighed down, or oppressed, by sickness, or
disease, (JK.) and by debt. (JK, Er-Raghib.)

_Sec also J-aj.

J*i«, applied to a woman, Gravid; whose
burden has become heavy in her belly : (§ :) or
whose pregnancy has become apparent, or mani-
/«/• (SO

Jii»: see Je«j. — Also fill received; disap-
jtroved; not rendered an object of love to hearts.
(flam p. 37.)

A stone of marble; (JK;) a piece of
marble by which a carpet is made heavy : (K. :)
by rule it should be with kesr to the J. (TA.)

JuL The weight (o'je*> JK, S, K, or oji>
Msb, TA, and Jel in iv. 44 and x. 62 and xxi. 48,
or iij, TA) of a thing, ( JK, S, Msb, K,) of the
like thereof (aJUL ry [but why this is added I
do not see]) ; (S, Msb, K ;) [i. e.] its equal in
weight; (PS, and Bd in x. 62;) its quantity
(jljjU). (Bd in xxi. 48.) ^* Jlp £>* vj"i •*
S.l JUi», in the Kur x. 62, means There it not

" *

Bk. I.

hidden from thy Lord aught of the weight of the
smallest ant : (Jel :) or a thing equal in weight
to a small ant ; or to the motes that are seen in
a ray of the sun that enters through an aperture.
(Bd.)_A thing with which one weighs; as
also t Jiu ; i. e., any of the weights of the balance.

(Er-Raghib, T A.) A certain weight, of which

the quantity is well known ; (JK ;) a dirhem and
three sevenths of a dirliem ; (Msb, and K in art
JU ;) i. e., the seventh part of ten dirhems :
(Msb:) or [a dirhem and a half; so in the pre-
sent day ; i. e.,] seventy-two sha'eerehs : (El-Kar-
manee, TA :) or twenty keerdfs. (Hidayeh, TA.)

[A certain coin;] i. q. j\ij», q. v. ; (Msb in

nrt.jii;) a J\sL of gold-: pk J*5li.. (S, K.)

iXjK* 4«Ae .JUI He threw upon him his

weight, or burden ; syn. *&jy» []>erhap8 meaning
the burden of supporting him]. (Aboo-Nasr, S,
K.) [See also Jii.]

J5Uio Bearing one's weight upon a thing:
whence tho saying, JSIUJI »U»j <t£J»} [He trod
upon him, or it, with the tread of him who bears
his weight, or presses heavily]. (TA.)

Jxf.:, .«: see J-*->.

J*
L iiid, (8, Mgh, Msb,) aor. - , (Msb,) inf. n.
JO, (S, Mfb,) or JO, (Mgh,) or this is a simple
subst, (Msb,) and JO, (Mgh,) [or this last is
also a simple subst.,] She (a mother) lost him, or
became bereft of him; namely, her child, (S,
Mgh, Msb,) by death: (Mgh :) and aiCS, aor. - ,
(K,) inf. n. JO, (TA,) he lost him; namely, a
friend, or person beloved, or a child. (K.) «UiiO

iUt [lit. meaning May thy mother be bereft of
thee] is an imprecation against him to whom it is
addressed, not said with the desire of its having
effect, but on an occasion of vehement love, like
Jii $ % [and iff £M f ] &c. (Har p. 165.)

« ' .H

4. -c <U$\ A state of bereavement clave to her;
(K ;) namely, a woman : or she became in a state
of bereavement. (TA.)«sUjJJ it l^iOl God
made Iter to be bereft of her child [by death].

(Msb, K.) And aIi&TaAOI God made kim to
be bereft of his mother [by death]. (S.)

JS2 : see what next follows.

JO The loss, or the state of being bereft, of a
child [by death], (S,Msb,K,) or of a friend, or
person beloved; (K ;) i. e., a woman's loss of her
child; (S, Msb;) as also *J& [which is the
inf. n. by general consent], (S, K,) and *JO.
(TA.) It is said in a prov., JJ-i^J i>» JO JjjUJt
[Vndutiful treatment of a parent is (like) the
bereavement of him who is not (really) bereft of

his child]. (TA.) Also 7)«a(/^ and a state (/

perdition or destruction. (50

• '' • ''

JO: see JO.

J-0 ; fern. (Jo" and ai$u : see Jfi»li.

J^J: see J^U J^O* Hi J A desert in

which the traveller become* lost. (K, TA.)

345

J£»U, applied to a man, Bereft of a child, or
of a friend, or person beloved; as also ♦,J^ C or
^•^O [with or without tenween, as is shown by
the two forms of the fern, mentioned in what
follows, but generally without]: (K:) and applied

to a woman ; (S, Mfb, K;) and sometimes ai&U;
(Msb;) as also J&' (S, Msb, K) and *•)&,
(IAar.K,) which is rare, (K,) and \3j8» (8,
^C;) meaning bereft of her child [by death] ; (S,

Msb;) pi. (of J£>V, TA, [and of 1X&U,]) J4>ly ,
[and of J^U also ^^O, as is implied in the TA
voce ^,] and (of Jo', TA) Jlo\ (Msb,TA.)

JU3J and ♦j^o'l i.q. JIC* (S,K) and J^,
i. e., The fruit-stalk (*-tj+>>) upon which are the
ripening dates : pi. J^Ul, [app. a contraction of
Je&VJl, like Je^Uft,] occurring in poetry. (S.)
These two words are mentioned here by J and
Sgh, and F has followed them ; but they should
be mentioned among words whose first radical
letter is hemzeh, for the 1 is a radical, substituted
fore. (TA.)

JjGI : see what next precedes.

J£L» A woman whose state of bereavement is
constant : (K :) or who is in a state of bereave-
ment: (TA:) pL JefcUi (K) [or this is pi. of
JKLo]. Hence, jW& »lj»JI £j [The wives of
the warriors are constantly bereft, or often bereft,
of their husbands]. (TA.) — lidi Sj*-ai I An
ode in which bereavement is mentioned. (Ibn-
•Abbad,Z,K.)

iiidi o! JJI^JJ Aa~<>j [His spear is a cause of
bereavement to motliers] (S, K) is a saying similar
to a,ul.«j limimt* jjyi [explained in art J^].
(?•)'

JVCiU A woman much, or often, bereft of her
children: (Msb, TA :) pi. J£>tU (TA) [or

Je&ds : see JoU] And A she-camel that is

accustomed to lose her young by death or by
slaughter or by gift: pi. J*£>lii. (Ham p. 746.)

J*

1. J5, (T,S,K,) aor. S inf. n. J3, (T,) He
put [or poured] back the earth into a grave, and
a well, after digging it : (T :) or he poured the
earth into a well, (S,K,) &c. (S.) — Also, (S,
M,K,) aor. as above, (M,) and so the inf. n.,
(S, M,) He poured forth pieces of money. (8,
M, K.) — Also, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above ;
(TA;) and *J&; (M,K;) He moved, or put
in motion, with his hand, or he broke at one of
its sides, [app. so as to make it pour down, or
fall,] a quantity of earth collected together, or
a sand-heap, (M, K,) or a house : (O, TA :) or

he dug it. (TA.) And the former, (S, M, K,)

aor. as above, (S, M,) and so the inf. n., (M,
TA,) He threw down, or demolished, a house,
(S, M, K,) by digging beneath the wall, and then
pushing, so that it fell in ruins : (S,TA :) and he
demolished, and broke, a thing. (M.) _ [Hence,]
jjy*j* <^t J3 I God destroyed their dominion:

44

346

mt. at
and ^*)t- Ji \Their might, or power, departed:

(S :) or *i,jc i&T J5 J Ood caused him to die ;
or caused hit dominion, or hit might, or power,

lo depart : (K, TA :) and i£J* Ji, inf. n. Ji,
I Hit meant of tupport became destroyed, and
ceased; (M, A ;•) or he became abased, or in an
abject condition; (IDrd, M ;) or, accord, to Er-
Raghib, it means <lU ili tsJsJLA [perhaps a
company of men (alj) was made to fall away
from him]: (TA:) El-'Otbee says that Jija
hero has two meanings ; namely, a throne, and
a booth, or shed, constructed for shade. (TA.

Sec art. vAr*-) Y °n B *y also. *^ Jj and a£^*,
meaning t He was slain : and a poet says, of a

sword, 4t£ij* Jj, meaning t [It severed] the base
of his nech; the part where his nech was set on

his back. (IDrd, M.) And Ji, (As, S, M,

K,) aor. as above, (As, S, M,) inf. n. Ji (As, S,
M,K) and Jft (As,S,K,) He killed, or de-
stroyed, (As,S, M,K,) a man, (As,S,) or men.
(M,K.) And Ji He died, or perished. (T.)
_^)l Ji, (M, K,) aor. -', inf. n. Ji, (M,) He.
took, or cast, forth the earth from the well; (M,
K ;) and the mud from the bottom of the well.
(M.) — ;Uj)l Ji, aor. and inf. n. as in the next
preceding case, He took what was in the recep-
tacle ; as also * <JlJ) ; the latter from Ibn-
•Abbad. (TA.) — a5uJI cJi, (S,K,) and Ji
^JUJI, (M, O,) aor. < [irregularly], (S, TA,)
inf. n. Ji, (TA,) The beast, and the solid-hoofed

animal, dunged. (S, M,0, K.) And Ji He

became rich, or in a state of competence. (T.)

4. Ji\ He (a man, S) abounded in what is
termed aft (S, K,) which may mean either wool
or a flock of sheep at goats : both these meanings
are assigned to it in this case by Z. (TA.) =
aJjI He ordered, or commanded, the repairing
of it ; (M ;) or /Ac repairing of what had been
thrown down, or demolished, of it. (IAar, S,K.)

5. jili /< (a house) became thrown down, or
demolished; (K ;) as also • JjLil : (TA:) or it
(a house) became thrown down, or demolished,
and it fell by degrees, part after part. (M.)
And 2e&»jJI C JULJ 77*e we// became demolished.
(TA.) '

7. JU\ It (a thing) poured forth, or became
poured forth. (TA.) — Ij&l t. ? . lyifjl [app.
ns meaning They poured themselves forth], (K.)
You say, «*J* tjlijl ^Aey poured forth, or rfown,
upon Aim, or against him. (Z, TA in art. ^oJj.)
■a Sec also 5.

8 : see 1, near the end.

R. Q. 1. ,_)iiJ : see 1, near the beginning.

iiJ The ear<A Ma< ti taken forth from a well :
(T,S, M,K:) and the mud that is taken forth
from the bottom of a well: (M :) and the space
upon which u cast the earth taken forth from a
well, around its mouth; which space, when the
well has been dug in a place that is not the pro-
perty of any one, belongs exclusively to the owner
of the well: (A*Obeyd,T:) pi. Jft (K.)

Ji-^ii

▼ <Uy~» aJU A grave (l/j3) filled up with earth,
after it hat been dug. (T.)=zA thing that is
made of clay, or mud, (M,) like a ojlio [q. v.],
(K,) in the desert, for the sake of its shade. (M,
K. [Erroneously written by Golius and Freytag
dSL, and compared to ilk*.]) as Wool, (T, S,
M, K,) alone: (M,K:) or a portion of wool
collected together: (Er-Raghib, TA :) and wool
and goats' hair (>*i) and camels' hair (>y)
together; (Aboo-Yoosuf, T, S, K ;) but not the
second of these alone, nor the third alone : (Aboo-
Yoosuf, T, § :) or it signifies camels' hair (^j)
also : (T :) or wool and jsl£> and ^j together ;
but none of these alone. (M.) <ul)t ju^. X-£=>
is said to mean A »U-=» of good wool : (S, M :)
and aXj J^-, a rope of wool. (S.) It is said in
a prov., ib tUo j>jju *$ [A clever woman is not
without wool to spin or weave when she has
nothing else to do] : applied to a skilful man.
(TA.) And you say, lj^£s i& tfj& jj&, mean-
ing Such a one has much wool and goats' hair
(j*i) and camels' hair (,#5). (Aboo-Yoosuf,
S.) [Hence,] ajLJI^ife ^^i [sometimes] means
t Such a one has much hair on his body. (TA.)
— A flock of sheep or goats, (T, M, K,) whether
many or few : (M :) or many thereof: (M, K :)
or specially a flock of sheep: or sheep, absolutely:
(M :) or a numerous flock of sheep : (ISk, T, S,
K :) and numerous sheep and goats together :
many goats are not thus called ; but arc called
iJU-: (Aboo-Yoosuf, S,M:) pi. Jft (S, M, K,)

which is extr., (M,) and J&. (M, K.)

Many pieces of money ; or much money; (M,
K: ;) as also t aft (Ibn-'Abbad, K.) = In rela-
tion to the times of camels' coming to water,

WfV *^** **£' ^^' f' n l ' 10 C0 P' es °^ tne ?»

^j is omitted, and >£ye is put for *j\yt,]) The
interval of two days, or keeping from water
during two days, between two drinkings. (IC,
TA. [The word to which this signification is
assigned is erroneously written by Golius and
Freytag ail* ; and explained as meaning " Locus
ubi aquantur cameli postquam per biduum non
biberiut."])

Au A party of men; (T;) a company of men:
(§, M, K :) or a numerous company. (Bd in

lvii. 13.) You say, a&tj aHll ^ j£L' *) J*jj
[Such a one will not distinguish] between a ftoclt
of sheep or goats and a company of men. (Z,
TA.) See also aft

iw Death ; or a state of perdition or destruc-
tion'; (K;) and so *jJi; (S, M,K;) which
latter is also an inf. n. of Jj signifying " he
killed," or " destroyed :" (As, S, l£ :) pi. of the
former Ji3. (K.)

^> \ Might, power, or elevated condition,
perishing, or passing away. (J&., TA.)

JJb : see aJb.

JX» A man (S, M) abounding in what is

i- i-t

termed aXJ. (S, M, T£. [See 4. JJl, mentioned
by Golius with this word, as syn. therewith, and

[Book I

as from the S and K, is not in either of those
Lexicons.])

3; HI

JI* sr» [A colt that dungs much]. (M. [The
meaning is there indicated, but not expressed.])

Jlii Collecting wealth, (Ibn-'Abbad, !£,) and
disposing it well, or putting it into a good state
or condition. (Ibn-'Abbad, TA.)

J^L« A house thrown down, or demolished.
(TA. [See 1.]) __ See also &Xj, second sentence.

L Lti, (S, M, A, Msb, 5,) aor. ; , (M, Msb,
K,) inf. n. 4-ii (T, S,M,A,Msb) and ^iL,
(T,) He blamed him ; reprehended him ; found
fault with him; imputed to him, or charged him
with, a fault, vice, *or the like : (M, A, Msb, KL :)
or he charged him plainly, or openly, with a
fault, vice, or the like ; (S ;) spoke against him ;
(TA ;) censured him, reproached him, detracted
from hit reputation, or impugned his character:
(S,Msb:) or he blamed him severely; and assailed
him with his tongue; as is done in punishings

and the like. (Lth, T.) iji, (M, K,) inf. n.

^Ju, (M,) also signifies He drove him (a man,
M) away ; expelled him ; or put him at a dis-
tance, away, or far away. (M, Msb, K.) _
And He turned it (a thing, M) upside down, or
over, or inside out; or changed its manner of
being, or state. (M, K.) __ And /. q. *Jl3 : (M,
K. :) formed from the latter by substitution of ^>
for^.. (M.)-»^, (M,) inf. n. ^Xi, (M, K,)
It (one's skin, M, or a garment, TK) was, or
became, dirty, or filthy : (M, K :) and it (a
thing, TK) was, or became, contracted. (K,TK.)
— Also It was, or became, broken in the edge
or middle, [like Jj$,] and split, or cracked.
(KL.)

2. ^Si, (A ? ,S,M,) inf. n. C^p, (?,) He
(a camel) became such as is termed ^Jj. (As,
S,M.)

4,-Xi Blamed; reprehended; found fault with ;
charged with a fault, vice, or the like ; as also

▼»^«ij; applied to a man. (M, K.) Also A

camel extremely old, or old and weak, (M, A,)
and having his teeth much broken : (M :) or
a camel whose canine teeth are broken (S,K)
mucA (K) by reason of extreme old age, or age
and weakness, and the hair of whose tail has
fallen off by degrees : (S, K :) lem. with i ;
(S, M, K ;) but some disallow this, and say that
the female is termed «_>li : (M :) pi. [of pauc]

V^il (M,K) and [of mult.] £jl5. (S,K.)

Hence, (A,) J A man extremely old, or old and
weak, (A, TA,) whose teeth are much broken :
(TA :) or an aged man ; a man advanced in
years: (IAar, M, K :) [said to be] of the dial, of
Hudheyl; but IAar mentions it without assigning
it to the dial, of any particular tribe of the Arabs.
(M.)_ Also A camel that does not impregnate.
(M, K.*) — See also what next follows.

^Aj : sec *-~U. _ Also, applied to a spear,
(S, M, A, K, but in a copy of the A written
**r~ft) Much notched, or broken in the edges

Book I.]

[of the head] : (S, M, K :) or weak, or weak and
soft. (A.) You say ^Jtf tj^* +*& ^Xe ^Jb
[An extremely old, or old and mean, man, whose
teeth are much broken, upon a camel in the like
condition, and having in his hand a spear that
is much notched, or weak, or weak and soft].
(A,TA.)

^J,y~$\ aJU A woman having cracked, or
chapped, feet : (S,K0 from »^sl3 ao an epitliet
applied to a sjicar. (S.)

^jjl and ^JJ*1, (Fr,T,8,M,K,) the former
of which is the more common, (Fr, T,) Dust, or
earth; and stones: (Fr, T, M, K:) or *«uiW
fragments, or particles, of stones, (S, K, ) and
o/ dust or car/A : (S :) or stone (A 'Obeyd, Sh,
T) in the dial, of El-Hijaz : and dust, or earth,
in the dial, of Tcmccm : (T :) and El-Hejcree

wiys, Jj$y\ is like ^JS"^\ ; but [ISd says,]
whether it be formed by substitution or be a dial,
var., I know not. (M, TA.) Ono says, a*Ay
w-Jb^l and .^JbNI In his mouth are, or be, dust,
or earth, and stones; (Fr, T ;) or, particles of
stones and of dust or earth. (S.) Lh mentions

the phrase JU ^JL5"^I or ^JIjNI [Dust, or earth,

and stones, be thy lot] ; and wilpl : and he says
that the noun is thus put in the accus. case, as
though the phrase were an imprecation [of the
ordinary kind] : he means, as though the noun
were un inf. n. used in an imprecation ; though it

is a simple subst. (M.) 4-J^' J* 1 *^ or 4-^'>
occurring in a trad., means For the adulterer, or
fornicator, stone (j^^ll [but see this word, and
see also art. jyt.]): or dust, or earth: or small
stones. (TA.)

w~LU Accustomed to blame, reprehend, or find
fault. (A,TA.)

(S,M,Msb,K) and aJli* (M, K) A
fault, vice, or the like : (S, M,* K :•) or [pro-
perly] a cause of [blame or] reviling : (Msb :)
pi. 4-J&- (S,A, Msb.) You say, ,,» oij* U
rtJu« 1/2U [7 /<«cc ji«< known in such a one a
fault, or vice, or cai<*c of blame, &c.]. (A, TA.)

1. j£j)l ii3, aor. 1 , (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n.
SM, (TA,) He took the third of the goods, or
property, of the people, or company of men. (S,

M.Msb.K.) And *%Jj\ oini The property

left at death had a third of it taken. (A.) And

«£•&, aor. - , [but in this case it seems that it

should be - , as above,] is also said to signify He

slew a third. (L.) ^jill SSi, (T, S, K ,) or

J£*)\, (Fr,T,M,) or J&\, (Msb,) aor. -,

(8, M, Mfb, K,) [thus distinguished from the

verb in the first sense explained above,] inf. n.

«*JJ, (TA,) signifies He was, or became, the

third of the people, (T, S, K,) or a third to the

two, (Fr, T, M,) or to the two men : (Msb :) or

he made them, with himself, three: (T, S,K:)

and similar to this are the other verbs of number,

0* *'*%
to ten [inclusive], except that you say, ^yj^jl

and j ^ v *>..il and j^ium, with fet-h, because of the

c. (S.) A poet says, (IAar, S,) namely, Abd-
Allah Ibn-£z-Zubeyr El-Asadoe, satirizing the
tribe of Teiyi, (IB,TA,)

• - ****** 9* if'*."

» ** *.#.*,# a* • * * 2,*

[y£W t/"ye maAc wp tAc number of three, we will
make up the number of four ; and if there be
a fifth of you, there shall be a sixth of us ; so
that slaughter shall destroy you] : (IAar, S, IB :)
he means, if ye become three, we will become
four: or if ye slay three. (IB, TA.)__ Also ;
(S, M, TA ;) in the K, " or," but this is wrong ;
(MF, TA ;) ^i\ SJj signifies He made the
people, with himself, thirty; (A 'Obeyd, S, M,
K ;) they being twenty-nine : and in like manner
one uses the other verbs of number, to a hundred
[exclusive]. (A 'Obeyd, S.) And *LJ5 also sig-
nifies He made twelve to be thirteen. (T.)__
\jofty «£«JU He turned over the ground three
times for sowing, or cultivating. (A,TA.)_

See also 2 iJtf, (T, M, L, TA,) [as though

in trans., an objective complement being app. un-
derstood,] or v y£Ju, (K, [but the former is app.
the right reading, unless both be correct,]) said
of a horse, He came [third in the race ; i. c.,
next] after that which is called ^k<\Ji\ : (T, M,

L, K : [in the CK, ^JJI, after J-Ji)1, should be
omitted:]) then you say *j j : then, ,j— »*•• (T,
M, L.) And in like manner it is said of a man

Or *

[as meaning He came third]. (T.)_.jiij "^
wJUj •>)}, (so in a copy of the M in art. ^yj, but
in the present art. in the same copy written
ioi % ^li %) or * UjJ <)') J£ <), (so in
a copy of the A, [in the CK in art. ^^J, and in
Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 545, iJi •& , Q <),])
or » >^Juj ^ ^jij ^), (so in a copy of the K in
art ,-J, [in the TA, in the present art. and in
art. ^yj, without any syll. signs,]) said of an old
man, meaning He cannot rise, (M,A,TA,) when
he desires to do so, a first time, nor can he (M,
TA) the second time, nor the third. (M, A, TA.)

2. aZXj He made it three ; or called it three :
(Esh-Sheybanee, and K in art. jj*.^ :) st-A—l
signifies the making [a thing] three [by addition
or multiplication or division] ; as also V t£Ju
[inf. n. of tiJj]: and the calling [it] three. (KL.)
_ [Hence, wJb, inf. n. w..,.itj, He asserted the
doctrine of the Trinity.]^— [Hence also,] jjj*jli
C«*H ^[j ^ Such a one counts two Khaleefehs,
namely, the two Sheykhs [ Aboo-Bekr and 'Omar],
and [does not count three, i. e.,] rejects the other

J**'J - * J tS'» * '»

[that succeeded them] : and «^» ">jhj w-JLij ^J^i

Such a one counts three Khaleefehs, [namely,
those mentioned above and 'Othman,] and [does
not count a fourth, i. e.,] rejects ['Alee,] the

fourth. (A, TA.) iJ& NJj ,-IL' ^ : see 1

<ul^o^ wJL*, or Ujuc, He remained three nights
with his wife: and in like manner the verb is
used in relation to any saying or action. (TA
voce «-_..) __<cjL^ wJb 7/e tte<i, or bound,

three of the teats of his she-camel with the j\j*> .

847

Jlj said of a she-camel, and of any

(SO-

female : see 4. — _ cJu said of a horse in a race :

see 1 j_Jt £J5, (M, K,) inf. n. as above,

(K,) The full-grown unripe dates became, to the

extent of a third part of them, ripe, or t» the

state in which they are termed s-*kj- (M,K.)

>^.ijU1 also signifies The watering seed-produce

.oi ...

[on the third day, i. e.,] another time UiUI jjl/
[which app. means after excepting, or omitting,

one day]. (M.) And The making [a thing]

triangular [or trilateral]. (KL.) [The making

a letter three-pointed; making it to have three
dots.] — The making [a thing] <o he a third part.
(KL.)_The making the electuary, or confec-
tion, of aromatics, or perfumes, that is called
^-Xli. (KL)

1 *' A

4. voyUI wJbl The party of men became three :
(Th, S, M, L, K :) and similar to this are the
other verbs of number, to ten [inclusive] : (S :)
also The party of men became thirty: and so in
the cases of other numbers, to a hundred [exclu-
sive]. (M, L.)_wJUjI She (a camel, and any
female,) brought forth her third young one, or
offspring; (Th, M ;) and so T d >j, or T C~JLjl.

(TA in art. j£/.) i-j£ % ^j£> <): see 1. _

wJjl said of a grape-vine, It had one third of its
fruit remaining, two thirds thereof having been
eaten. (M.)

8 : sec 4.

see

wJb The third young one or offspring, (M, A,
K,) of a she-camel, (M, K,) and, accord, to Th,
of any female: (M :) and in like manner others
are termed, to ten [inclusive]. (A.) But one
should not say «±Jb *3U [after the manner of t Ju,

q. v.]. (M.) __ AJU 1 aJLiJ ^yui 7/e watered
his palm-trees once in three days: (A:) or Ac
watered them L^UI juty [which app. means <i/ier
excepting, or omitting, one day]. (K-) «£<Ju is
not used [thus] except in this case : there is no
wJu in the watering of camels ; for the shortest
period of watering is the ajj, when the camels
drink every day ; then is the >^«c, which is when
they come to the water one day and not the next
day ; and next after this is the *->j ; then, the
u ..*m- ; and so on to the jits. : so says As : (S,
TA :) and this is correct, though J's assertion
that wJJ is not used except in this case is said br
F to require consideration. (TA.) _ tjJLDI ,«••>-
i. q. ^JUI l _y»»>-, [The tertian fever ;] the fever
that attacks one day and intermits one day and
attacks again on the third day; called by the
vulgar tiJSj&i. (Msb.)

see what next follows.

j (T,S,M,A,Msb,K) and t^ij (M ? b,
K) and "«^Jb, which last is either a dial. var. or
is so pronounced to make the utterance more easy,
(MF,) A third; a third part or portion; (S, A,
Msb, K ;) as also *«i*U, (A?, T, S, M, Msb, K,)
like i>**J and w and ^~i .*-> and u - t »* and

', (S,) though AZ ignored S^S (T, S) and

44.

348

t ew* ! (90 [and *&%+, q. v., app. signifies
the same :] the pi. of £JS, (M, Mijb,) and of
c^AJ also, (M,) is if$. (M, Msb.) It is said
in a trad., \j-jS\ j^*S\ *li <*-** [2^« expiatory
mulct for that homicide which resembles what is
intentional shall be thirds] ; i. e., thirty-three
she-camels each such as is termed aa*., and thirty-
three of which each is such as is termed Aci*.,
and thirty-four of which each is what is termed
4iJ. (TA.)

j '•* *.*
ijUj flit yl »v«e/ in which the corn $c. that is

measured therein reaches to one third of it : and

in like manner one uses this expression in relation

to beverage, or wine, &c. (M, L.)

* '*. • < *

tjUb, (so in a copy of the M,) or (jUU, and

v~i«; (K;) the tree

OUb 4 ,(^,) I. a,
thus called. (M,TA.)

w**^J, also written SJu : see aj^u, in six places:
i - >
and «l>V->> in two places.

l>yj and *iJ& (^, L,K) 77-ree ami three;
three and three together ; or three at a time and
three at a time; (L;) imperfectly decl. [because]
changed from the original form of aJ^m <>j^U ;
(K ;) or because of their having the quality of
epithets and deviating from the original form of
AJ^jJ : they arc epithets ; for you say, j>u^ o.^-o
•L>~)~>} j«-~o [ / passed by a party of men two and

two, and three and three, together] : (Sb, S :) or
they are imperfectly dccl. because they deviate
from their original as to the letter and the mean-
ing; the original word being changed as above
stated, and the meaning being changed to aJ^Jo

Uyj : but the dim. is *»£«*«, perfectly dccl., like

•■*•*' ■ ..,.,' •*' * • *

jl^I &c, because it is like >*«•- [dim. of jU-»-],

assuming the form of that which is perfectly decl.,

j ' t> i

though it is not so in the cases of o—*-' al, d the
like, as these words, in assuming the dim. form,
do not deviate from the measure . of a verb, fur
*: .g>l U [How goodly is he !] is sometimes said.
(S.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 3], ^ U I^JuU

f^iji "-OWf. L5~* ; *~"" &* -^' ' e " Then marry
ye such as please you, of women, two [and] two,
and three [and] three, and four [and] four :
[meaning, two at a lime, &c. :] here iy^-» &c.
are imperfectly dccl. because deviating from the
original form of ,jwl O—^'* &c, and from the
fern. form. (Zj,T,L.) And one says I^JJu^jJu,
like £>•& i^i. (T.) You say also, 1^1 oJUi
c^j • •L>'j^} i«~-*» meaning 1 did the thing twice
and twice, and thrice and thrice, and four times
and four times. (L.)_[w/)b is app. fem. of

aj^J, a dial. var. of i3*}U, of which the fem. is

f c f t i **

«L>^u : and hence,] «1»^U ji, with damm [to the

«

initial <1>], A camel's [girth of the kind called]
Otjfy (£.) You say, <&S i^J !>' C-fcJl
J [lit, The loops of her girth met together] ; (A,
TA ; [but in a copy of the former, t lyJ^j \Ji ',])
meaning, she was, or became, lean, or lank in the

belly. (A. [See a similar saying voce ^jliv-])
And a poet says,

[And she had become lean, or lank in the belly, so
that her girth appeared] : but some say that jj
lyJ^U [here] means her belly, and the trvo skins,
[namely,] the upper, and that which is pared, or
scraped off, after the flaying : (TA :) or, accord.

to some, the phrase is lyj'ilj ^i i«*V;' Lj^t mean-
ing, so that her foetus rose to her back ; the 0*^j
[here again in a copy of the A written with fet-h
to the initial *L>, and in like manner \j^,] being
the .LjC and the *^U and the womb. (A, TA.)
You say also, "«1>^U ^J AjJ*, [so I find it written,
but perhaps it should be <£/& _jj,] meaning,
t C//wn Aim it a [garment of the hind called]
.L-£» mai/e o/"(/«« rooo/ of three sheep. (A, TA.
[In the latter without any syll. sign to show that
«1>^U here differs from the form in the cxs. cited
before.])

&$S : see ijU.

«£*^u A she-camel thai fuis three vessels (S,
M, A, L, K) such as are called ~-\ ji\, (M , L,)
when she is milked, (S, E[,) [i. c.,] at one milking.
(A.) This is the utmost quantity that the camel
yields at one milking. (IAar, M.)__ Also A
she-camel three of whose teats dry up : (S, M, A,
K : [accord, to the TA, it is said in the T that
such is termed ".^j-tU ; but I think that this is a
mistranscription:]) or that has had one of her
teats cut off (IAar, T, M, L, K) by cauterization,
which becomes a mark to her, (IAar, M,) and
[in some copies of the K "or"] is milked from
three teats: (T, M, L, K:) or that has three
teats; (IAar, TA ;) [and] sotHU: (T,TA:)
or a she-camel having one of her teats dried up
in consequence of something that has happened to
it. (ISk.)

sec

• 'i

Sj^i, also written iUJ, a noun of number,
[i. c. Three,] is masc, (S, M, Msb,) and is also

***** i

written and pronounced ™ i»^L», with damm :

(IAjr, M, TA :) the fem. is t.i**M, also written

£J3 ; (S, M, Msb ;) [and app. ^>^i also, men-

tioned above, under the head of £J%>, but only as

occurring with ji prefixed to it.] You say <u^j

Jt»-j [Three men] : and J*~i * £S)J [three

* *■ $ *

women]. (Mfjb.) In the saying of Mohammad,

. '?***'' *>

* ■!*'%> 1 ^* > JUUI «jj [The pen of the recording

angel t* withheld from three persons] Jj^u is for

trJLl ^yj. (Msb. [See art. «jj.]) [In like

manner, ~£J%> occurs in sevcrtil trade, for O^U

JUi*. ; as, for instance, in the saying,] ±y> ^>^b

\j~~l LL_a- nXft i-lo. A-i ,j3 [There arc three
qualities : in whomsoever they be, God will reckon
with him with an easy reckoning] : these are, thy
giving to him who denies thee, and forgiving him
who wrongs thee, and being kind to him who
cuts thee off from him. (El-J&mi' es-Sagheer.)

The people of El-Hijdz say, ^£3^3 ^ijSt [The

[Book I.

'*'"*'*'

three of them came to me], and ^j^oyjl, and so on

to ten [inclusive], with nasb in every case; and
in like manner in the fem., */J*iJ ir -JI, and
v>v-Vjl : but others decline the word with the three
vowels, making it like > *yl's> : after ten, however,
only nasb is used ; so that you pay , v »*r- t J*' \J"^
[and JkjU- ii-^i], and Svlr^ l£ Jlj *-' [ ilrl(i <^^

m*i

i.

■JtV*]- (?•) The saying aJ^UJI yi tjll jj.
means [7%e offspring of adultery, or fornication,
is the worst of the three] if he do the deeds of his
parents. (Mgh.) [It is said that when H^J
means the things numbered, not the amount of
the number, it is imperfectly decl., being regarded
as a proper name ; and so are other ns. of num-
ber. (See &&3.) See also \L.]^JjU. iS^S
[indccl. in every case, meaning Thirteen,] is pro-
nounced by some of the Arabs jJL# Aj^Li : and
[the fem.] 5j!c *i**^3, thus in the dial, of EI-
Hijsiz [and of most of the Arabs], is pronounced

oj-i*i «1>VJ in the dial, of Nejd. (S in art. j-t*-)

■« * j •/ > *

4j^L> : see <u>j.

i&iL£jl, also written Juiill, (Ltb, T, S, M,) or
{6yh\ J£ or jlilljl, (A, Msb, £,) and t.lJ^ljl,
with damm, (A,5>) [meaning 2Vte third day of
the week, Tuesday,] has this form for the sake of
distinction ; for properly it should be sfjtUI : (S,
M :) or it has meddeh in the place of the » in tho
noun of number [aj"}L5] to distinguish it from the
latter : (Lth, T :) [it is without tenween in every
case ; when indeterminate as well as when deter-
minate ; being fem. :] the pi. is ol_jU'^J (S, M,
Msb) and iJlil*. (Th, M.) It has no dim. (Sb,
S in art. i^-el.) Lh relates that Aboo-Ziy&d used
to say, Afi l«v iU^JI {J ^xc [Tuesday passed with
what occurred in it] ; makingAi^Hi sing, and masc. ;
[but this he did because he meant thereby j>yt
•U^jijLlI ; jtyi being masc. :] Th is related to have
said, (y^i [^j; making it fem.: and Abu-l-Jarr&h
used to say, i j^i Cv i\j"$£j\ C u A s, treating the
word as a numeral. (M.)

". -£

fflif i

Xyii\ : see {U*^uJI.

. J^li a rel. n. from aJ^U, anomalously formed,

*i ' *!

(M,) [or regularly formed from aj^Iu,] t9/", or

relating to, three things. (T, TA.)__ 7V*r«e cubits
in length, or height; applied in this sense to a
garment, or piece of cloth ; (T, A ;) and to a
boy. (T.) — A word comprising, or composed
of, three letters [radical only, or of three radical
letters with one or more augmentative ; i. e., of
three radical letters with, or wit/tout, an augment].
(T,TA.)

Oy*&, [also written ^^iU,] the noun of num-
ber, [meaning Thirty, and also thirtieth,] is not

• ' ' '
considered as a multiple of aj"}L>, but as a multiple

***** * O " i " 1

of tjLe. ; and therefore, if you name a man £)y°}j,
you do not make the dim. to be Oy&> but [you
assimilate the noun from which it is formed to a
pi. with j and ,j from iji*, or to ^^le, and
8ay]tJ,yCii. (Sb, M.)

Book I.]

Oy& : see what immediately precedes.

a . ..

l^U^M One who fasts alone on the third day

of the meek. (IAar,Th,M.)

*■*■'. t 'i

*t*U : see ^>%j.

»*JU [Third] : fem. with 5. (T, &c.) The final

.Ij in >*JLJt is sometimes changed into ^j. (M.)

You say, && >£J0 1* [lie, or ft, is the third of

fAree] : thus you say when the two [terms] agree,

t * * * # '
each with the other; but not aj")L; «£J0; w-)U

being regarded in the former case as though it
were a subst. ; for you do not mean to convey by
it a verbal signification, but only mean that ho, or
it, is one of the three, or a portion of the three :
(Fr, ISk, T, S :) and in like manner you say,
£>-]$ ai)U ,> [She is the third of three] ; but
when there is among the females a male, you say,
aj"^j £J0 .-*, making the masc. to predominate
over the fern. (T.) When the two [terms] are

different, you may make the former to govern the

• J * ' J
gen. case or to govern as a verb ; saying, %j\j ^t>

Su~jJ or AJ^J )>jlj yk, like as you say jl>j w>jUi

and \j~>_j -r>)\-° ; and thus you also say, <*JU IJjk

0<-j' n "d i>«^' «£"""■ '•**, meaning This makes
two to be three, with himself, or itself. (ISk, T,*

S. [In most copies of the S, for { y e £\ w-JLJ is

• -••* i . '

put y>~Jl wJO ; and, in the explanation of this

phrase, o^ 1 ^^ **"" 0«*3' <^~^ : IB ' l;lp re-
marked that these are mistakes.]) t«irj)J occurs in

the sense of «£JU in a trad. cUcd voce yjU in art.

■t ,.' -
,jj. (Sh, T in art. ^S.) ^ti^l aUti means

A projecting portion of a mountain, by which
are placed two pieces of roch, upon all which is
placed the cooking-pot. (S, K.) Hence the saying,
^yC^I iL)Uj M <UJ [explained in art. Uu\].
(T A. )_[ Jii ȣJtf and jji* iUli, the former masc.
and the latter fem., meaning Thirteenth, are gene-
rally held to be indccl. in every case without the art ;

but with the art., most say in the noin. j-ic «£JUI,

. . . , i . ' • i

accus. j-U wJUJt, and gen. jLt- wJIDI ; and in

like manner in the fem. Accord, to some,] you

say, ji* s£-ll3 yi as well as 'ji* **Jl3 yk [ Tie,

or t7, is a thirteenth] : he who uses the former

phrase says that he means jJ-e- 2u"$3 »i-!l> yk,

(T,S,) i. c. He, or it, is one of thirteen, (T,) and
that he suppresses Jj^j, and leaves wJtf dccl. as
it was; and he who uses the latter phrase says
that he likewise means this, but that, suppressing
Su^j, he gives its final vowel to the word wJlJ,
(T, S,) to show that there is a suppression : (S :)
but I B says that the former of these two phrases
is wrong; that the Koofees allow it, but that
the Basrees disallow it, and pronounce it a mis-
take. (L.) [And accord, to J, one says, IJuk
'JU. ^Jll)t and Sjis. ail!) I tji This is the thir-
teenth, or this thirteenth : for he adds,] and you
say, >S* |jf>UJt I J* and j2* ^ Ut and bo on
to twenty [exclusive]; all with fet-h; for the
reason which we have mentioned: and in like
manner in the fem., in which each of the two

nouns is with i. (S.) You say also,

iJO

jU. aJ"& [The thirteenth of thirteen] ; and so
on to jJLc l*_j jLs. «— U : and in like manner in
the fem. (I 'Ak p. 316.)

[i^lUJ! The Trinity.]

SSL and SSi* : see S>iJ. £J1* [i. e.

wJUa] signifies A chord [of a lute] composed of
three twists : that which is of two twists is called
.-£• [i. e. ■«£•] : or, as some say, these two words
signify [rcs|>ectively] the third chord and the
second: their pis. are wJll* and ^jUU. (Har
p. 244.)

wJu» A she-camel, and any female, bringing
forth her third young one, or offspring: one
should not say SSj &U. (M.)__See also iZJJ U .

1» A thing having three angles or corners,
triangular [or trilateral] ; a triangle. (S, K.)

I. ' • Si '

You say jU. wJULs [An acute-angled triangle] :

« - t a«j
and ^15 iAJLZ* [^1 right-angled triangle]. (TA.)

And Jaii t^yl ^4 three-sided piece of land.
(TA.) __ A thing composed of three layers or
strata, or q/" Mree distinct fascicles or <Ae iiAe ;
(M, TA ;) [see also <l>yUo ;] and in like manner
what are composed of four, and more, to ten
[inclusive], are called by similar epithets : (TA :)
or a thing of three folds. (Lth, T.) _ [As a
conventional term in lexicology, A word having a
letter which has any of the three vowels: ex. gr.,

»e » - 90 j *&* i »f • ' f l m >

SIjl/ is ;UI ZCXLo ; i. e., it is written i\j^ and 5l»u
and 51 «v. As such also, A verb having its ^s. (or
middle radical letter) movent by any of the three
vowels : ex. gr., <v lyv is cJL>< ; l. e., it is written

lyV and ^yj and l % t ^. And as such, <UL« (not
iLU«) signifies Three-pointed; having three dia-
critical points : it is an epithet added to X>, to
prevent its being mistaken for X> or >U or .b.]
_ Wine (v'j-') cooked until the quantity of two
thirds of it has gone; (S, K ;) <Ae expressed juice
of grapes so cooked. (Mgh.) — And A certain
electuary, or confection, of aromatics, or per-
fumes. (KL.)

lo A calumniator, or slanderer, of his brother
[or fellow] to hisprince; because he destroys three ;
namely, himself and his brother and his prince :
(Sh, T, M,« 5 :) as also tJ^iU; (£;) or thus
accord, to Aboo-'Owaneh. (Sh, T.) — _ See also
wJu, last sentence : — and see <1>^j.

Z>*^ijt from «^Jb is like cW>* from «vj. (M.)
See wJLi and pV>»-

^j^JLd Property q/" which a third part has

been taken. (A.) [Applied to a verse,] That

of which a third has been taken away : (M, £ :)
whatever is <Z>}L* is J)jt«t : (TA:) or the former
word signifies as above, and the latter signifies
that of which two thirds have been taken away :
this is the opinion of the authors on versification
with respect to the metres called ja-j and *-j — u :

(M,TA:) die ^JUU in poetry is that whereof
two feci out of six have gone. (TA.) _ A rope

349

composed of three strands (Lth, T, S, M, A, K)
twisted together, (Lth, T, A,) and in like manner
woven, or plaited : (Lth, T :) and ropes composed
of four, five, six, seven, and nine, strands, but
not of eight nor often, are similarly called. (M.)
__ A garment of the kind called ,L_£> woven of
wool and camels' hair (jjj) and goats' hair

(jm±). (Fr, T.) bj& l'i\y» A »>)}* [or

leathern water-bag] made of three skins. (T, S,
A,K.)_ij^U« ^j6j\ Land turned over three
times for sowing or cultivating. (A.)— . See also

1. »U_JI c-»Ju, aor. - and 3 , 77<£ *Ay snowed;
let fall snow. (A, TA.) [Here, and in other
cases, throughout this art., the meaning of ~JJ> is

assumed to be well known.] __ iU-J! Ui ^ J u, (S,
Msb, ^,) aor. -' ; (S, Msb ;) and *U^aJl ; (Msb,»
K ;) The sky snowed upon us ; (S, Msb, xj. ;)
like as one says Uj^tu>. (S.) And Ij4 U 7Vt«y

n'er« snowed upon. (TA.) You say, >>U)I li^J tf
l^£» LJl> [ We nwe snowed upon this year much].
(A.) And ,>J^I O^JJ, (A, Msb, TA,) and

II, (TA,) 7V*« land was snowed upon.

(A,* Mfb, TA.*) [^ji, said of water &c, It

was cooled, or made cold, with snow : sec an ex.
voce «->£-<•• In the present day, * *mf B signifies
7/c cooled it, or OTrt</c t( r o^/, toi7A snow or tee ;

j'ceri it; froze i*.]__See also 4 [Hence,]

y>, (IAar, ?,) aor. '- , (K,) inf. n. £b\ (TA,)

t 2fw heart became cool, or refreshed, and re-
lieved of a thing: (IAar:) and he rejoiced ; or
was, or became, joyful, glad, or happy : (I Aar,
K :) and he was, or became, at ease, at rest,
tranquil, or free from disquietude. (TA.) And
I jiL> 4_Ju i.'.^ Jy { His mind became refreshed

and happy by means of such a thing. (A.) And
L5T** C«»*J, aor. 4 , inf. n. -.^Jb ; (A A, S, K ;)

in

and c^.1', aor. - , inf. n. *JJ ; (A;, S, K ; [i

the CS gJS;]) and ♦J-^3l; (&;) ;^W;

(TA ;) t My mind became at ease, at rest, tran-
quil, or free from disquietude, (A A, 8, J£, TA,)
and became healed, by means of the thing: (TA:)
or J knew it, and was rejoiced at it, or by it :
or my mind became at ease, and I confided, or
trusted, in the thing : as also aJI C«%i3 ; and
l£jju0 -JJ : or this last, accord, to Sh, means

my bosom became dilated [with joy], >*>) at the
event. (TA.) And ^jr*- Uv J^ » J Li t / became
healed, and my heart became at rest, or tranquil,
by means of the information which thou gavest
me. (ISk, TA.) And ij£ 113 and -ji, the
latter mentioned by Lb, on the authority of 'Abd-
El-Hakk, \His heart became certified, or assured.
(TA.) *_U is said to mean \ Certitude, or assur-
ance, because it is taken from the delight that
one has in . water rendered cool, or cold, by
means of snow and the like. (TA.)_ot^i JjJ
I He was, or became, stupid, dull, wanting in

800

intelligence: (TAsr, A, TA:) his heart, or his
mind, or intellect, quitted him. (TA.)_a*Ju,
(8h,£,) aor.-', inf. n. IJi, (Sh.TA,) also sig-
nifies He, or it, soaked it ; moistened it. (Sh,
S.TA.)

2: seel.

4. -JjI It (a day, S, VL, or a year, A) was, or
became, snowy, (S, A, K.)_ He reached, came
upon, or lighted on, snow; (I£;) as also -JJ

[written without any syll. signs, app. *-JJ].
(TA.) He entered upon [a> tract, or time, or

m . a ,» » ,M

season, of] snow. (TA.) «L»—JI t£aJbt : and

w-ij^l »-— >»l : sec 1. _ [Thus the vcrh is in-
trans, and trans. And hence,] ir-H C^JUI i
seo 1. — And a^JJI + 7/is rejoiced him; made
him joyful, glad, or happy. (KL.) And -~-Ul

\^S)J-o | J< (news, or information,) healed and
tranquillized me. (A,* TA.) And \jL ,«^Jul U

y**)\ t AM j°uf u ^t or nn PPlf> a,n I made by
this thing, or event! (TA.) __ [Hence also,]
•Jlit ^b~ jam. \ He dug until he reached the clay,
or mud, (AA, S, K, TA,) or the cold of the moist
earth, (A,) or the moist earth and the water.
(TA.) — jU\ <U -JJl l The mater of the weU
ceased, or stopped. (A,£.) And hence, (TA,)
^5»*-JI o-^- »■ " •■» l.'l I 7Yte /ever quitted him. (A,
TA.)™ J^i3l [the inf. n.] is also syn. with <^lit

[inf. n. of lilt, q. v.]. (K.)

• ffl

•Jj [Snow;] a Mt'«0 nr// known, (S, A, Msb,

$,) </*a< /a/fa /row </j« *//y ; (TA :) pi. LJi.
(Msb.) C

Lii Cold: ($:) applied to water. (TA.)

£_b tMen joyful, glad, or happy, by reason of
news. (I Aar, TA.) __ f Men who are stupid,
dull, or wanting in intelligence. (TA.) [See also

,^13: sce^*.

t _y»-^-» t Kery white : applied to an iron head
of an arrow or of a spear or of a sword or the like :
(A, £ :) fern, with ♦. (A.)

p-^kJ A seller of snow; ($. ;) as also * C5 ^JJ.
(TA.)

1st **** A place in which is [kept] snow [for
cooling mater fyc. in summer], (IjH.)

CyXle : fern, with 5 : the latter applied to land

(c^)')> meaning Snowed upon. (S, A, Msb.) __
Water cooled, or made cold, with snow. (TA.)
A poet says, speaking of a woman's mouth,

' 9* 9 * * * JO- J » J

[It would be thought to be cooled with snow,
though it was not cooled therewith]. (TA.)__
>1£A)1 ff-jiie J A man (S) stupid, dull, or wanting

in intelligence. (S, A, Msb, K.) [See also ~JLj.J

1. jJ3, aor. , , (Az, S, £,) inf. n. Ltf, (Az, S,)
He (a camel, S,IAth,K, and a bull, IAth, K,

and an elephant, mostly said of these three animals,
IAth, and a man, Az, and a child, K) voided his
dung in a thin state. (Az, S, K.) It is said in a
trad., (S, TA,) of 'Alee, (TA,) \js% OjJ** W^=>
\Lb tiyiejSj _UJ\j, (S, TA,) meaning that the
former ate little, and that the latter ate much and
of various kinds. (TA.) = U^L» L)3 He threw
idi, (K, TA,) i. e. thin dung, (TA,) at such a
one : (K, T A :) and he befouled him, or smeared
him, therewith. (£, TA.)

Jxb Thin dung of an elephant and the like,
(Lth,I£,) and of anything, when it is thin. (TA.)

iSL, (K, TA, [but by rule it should be ld&,])
or akj&, (Cr>,) The place of exit o/Jai3. (K.)

1. Ij3, aor. ; , (T, S, M, Msb,K,) inf. n. JjJ,
(S, M, Msb,) He broke its edge; (S,» M, Msb,
K;) namely, tliat of a vessel, (M, Msb, K,) and
of a sword, and the like; (M, K;) as also a-o-U,
aor. - ; (K, TA ; [but I suspect that this latter
form of the verb has been taken from a copy of
the S in which the intrans. vcrb^Jtf has been

erroneously made trans.;]) and ♦a«1J ; (M, I£ ;)
or this last signifies he did so much, or in many
places: (S:) and the first signifies also he made
a gap, or breach, in it ; namely, a wall. (T,* S.)

— [Hence,] -JU Jt^S, (TA,) or *JU J> iJjS
<Uij, (M,) t He suffered the loss of somewhat of
his property. (M, TA.) And ^JJl^JJ^ Co I Jj.
O***)! j^ii t [This of the things that wound
religion and impair sure faith], (TA.)™^,
aor. - , inf. n. ^ ; (S ;) and *V»lil, and t^UJ ;
(S, M, Msb, ]£;) said of a thing, (S,) a vessel,
(M, Msb, K,) a sword, and the like, (M, K,) It
was, or became, broken in its edge : (S, # M, Msb,
^ :) [or * the last, being quasi-pass, of 2, it was,
or became, broken much, or in several places, in
its edge:] and t^JULil and *^JlLS are said of a
wall [as signifying it had a gap or breach, or
gaps or breaches, made in it], (T.) ^Jo, [the
inf. n. of^jJL},] when relating to a valley, signifies
The having its >->>»■, (T, M, K, and so in a copy
of the S, [meaning brink, or edge,]) or its \Jj*~,
(so in other copies of the S, [meaning its abrupt,
water-worn, bank,]) broken; (T, S, M, $, TA ;)
i. e., broken down : (TA :) and in like manner,
in relation to a trench dug round a tent to prevent
the rain-water from entering it, and in relation to
a watering-trough, or tank. (M, TA.) [Golius
and Freytag have explained it as signifying the
part so broken ; but I do not think that this can
be meant by the explanation given above.]

2: seel.

5 : see 1, in three places.

7: see 1, in two places. __ You say also, 'jq 1 * H
<*frU They poured forth, or down, upon him, or
against him ; as also I^XiJl. (Z, TA.)

_Ji A break of the edge in a vessel (ISk, T, S)
and in a sword. (T, S.) [See also what next
follows.]

£«Jb A gap, or breach, (S, M, Msb, K,) in a

[Book I.

wall &c., (S, Msb,) or if a thing that is broken,
and of a thing ruined, (K.,) or of a broken edge:
(M :) or a place that has been broken in an edge,
or that has had a gap, or breach, made in it : '
(T, TA:) a broken place of a vessel: (TA:) pi.
^ii (T, Msb.) [See also J&] __ [Hence,]

i.t . t-9> .» 9-9' .1 >9,

juj ^ aja -?"*-? 1 Jl **" 9** °** * l The

death of such a one is an occasion of a gap in the
body of the Muxlims; a gap that will not be
filed up]. (TA.) [See also its syn. slL.]

^Jbl A thing [such as a vessel and a sword and
the like] broken in its edge : (S :) a watering-
trough, or tank, broken in its side. (TA.) =

• -•s t -»«

^Jul Dust, or earth ; 'and stones; like vr-Jul ;

accord, to El-IIejcree: but [ISd adds,] whether

it be a dial. var. or formed by substitution, I

know not. (M.)

1. 4+5, (S, M,» £,) aor. -' , (S, M,) inf. n.J,
(T, S, M,) He repaired it; or put it into a good,
sound, or right, state; (T, S, M, ]£;) [by filling
up its interstices, $c.,] withj>\+5 [q. v.]. (S.)

J l 9 ft * t

Hence the saying, jj^l w~o*5 1 1 put my
affairs into a good, sound, right, or proper,
state i restored them to such a state ; or set them
right, or in order. (S.) And hence also the
saying, a*.^ a*j Jj»I U& f [ Wt were the Jit
persons to put it into a good, sound, right, or
proper, state; &c] ; (S;) occurring in a trad.;
accord, to the relators thereof, <u>j^ *j-cJ ; but
A'Obcyd holds the former reading to be the
right. (T.) __//c spread j>\+j for it, namely, a
skin of milk, and put it [>»Uj] above it, in order
that the sun might not strike it, and its milk
become consequently decomposed, or curdled. (T.)
_ [He stuffed it, either with jt\*5 or absolutely :
for]^ signifies it was stuffed. (T.') m .^He col-
lected it together ; (S, M, K ;) namely, a thing ;
(S, M ;) mostly used in relation to dry herbage.
(M, K.) You say, $ Jj, i.e. Collect thou [for
them; namely, the cattle &c. ; like l^J j£, from

jr>}]- ( T A.) And 4<r*ij A*i> yL He sweeps it,
and collects tlic good and the bad (fi) Jj hUaH Jj t
(M, ^,) [aor. and] inf. n. as above, (M,) He ate
the good of the food and the bad thereof; (M,
£;) as also «£. (TA.) _iD, (T,» S, M,K,)
aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) She (a ewe or a
goat, M, K, or, as some say, only the latter, M)
pulled it, or plucked it, up, or out, with her
mouth; (T, S, M, $;) namely, a thing, (T, M,)
or a plant, (S, I£,) and anything by which she

passed. (TAO—^^-JW 1%J$, (M,*,) or
l>j^W, (S, M,) [aor. and] inf. n. as above, (TA,)
He wiped his hand (S, M, £) with the dry herb-
age, (M, K,) or upon the ground. (S, M.)

J3 There; syn. i)ui; (Zj, S, M, £ ;) a noun
of indication, (Zj, T, M, Msb, Mughnee, J£,) de-
noting a place that is remote (Zj, T, S, M, Mugh-
nee, K) from the speaker, (Zj,T, M,) like as U*
denotes that which is near; (Zj,T,S;) ordenoting
a place other than that of the speaker: (Msb:)
it is an adverbial noun, not to be used otherwise

Book I.]

than as such ; (Mughnee, K ;) indecl. became of
its vagueness, and with fet-h for its termination
to avoid the concurrence of two quiescent letters.
(Zj, T, M.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur
xxvi. 64], £>ij*S)\ V UUjlj [And we brought
near, there, the others]. (Mughnee.) He who
makes it decl. as an objective complement (Mugh-
nee, K) in this ex., (Mughnee,) and in the saying
in the Kur [lxxvi. 20], Ue*> w-j'j j£ C-jIj IJJ j,
is in error: (Mughnee, K:*) Zj says that the
meaning is, And when thou easiest thine eyes, or
thy tight, there, thou tkalt behold [scenes of]
enjoyment : that Fr asserted the meaning to be,
j$ U c-jIj Ijt [when thou teat what it there] ;
but that this is an error ; for U, accord, to this
interpretation, is a conjunct noun, and it is not
allowable to suppress a conjunct noun and leave
it* complement (T.) _ [j£ ^y. is used by post-
classical writers as meaning Therefore; for that
reason; on that account.]

j£, (T, S, M,&c.,) for which one also says^,
(M, Mughnee,) substituting .J for the •!>, (M,)
and c^i (T, S, M) and c-v, (M, T A,) but c^3
is the more common, (Mughnee and K on the
letter O,) and w**» and c~»», (M, TA,) [mean-
ing Then, i. e., afterward, or afterward*,] a
particle, (M,K,) or conjunction, (Zj, T, S, Msb,
Mughnee,) denoting order (Zj, T, S, M, Msb,
Mughnee) and a delay, (S, Msb,) or having three
projicrtics, namely, that of virtually associating
in tlic same case [the latter of the two members
which it conjoins with the former of them], and
denoting order, and denoting a delay; but respect-
ing all of these there is a difference of opinions.
(Mughnee, K.*) As to the associating in the
same case, Akh and the Koofecs assert that it
sometimes fails to have this property, by its
occurring redundantly, so as not to be a con-
junction at all ; and they hold to accord with

this assertion the saying in the Kur [ix. 119],
• * * * ■ * i * * ft** » *" * '..' s . fi '

C-JUj 0--y W %>>i^Jtr^ **U lit yjm.

j t e, a i «• # ' i - • - * • I A** ' * * •* * o£ ° °' '

jeyti* v^ [Until, when the earth became ttrait
to them, notwithstanding itt amplitude, and their
mind* became straitened to them, and they knew
that there was no repairing for refuge from Ood
save unto Him, then He returned to forgiveness
towards them] : (Mughnee, K :*) but this has
been resolved by the subaudition of the comple-

2 j

ment [of what precedes j£, as though the meaning
were, then {they betook themselves unto Him,
begging forgiveness, and) He returned Sec.].
(Mughnee.) And as to its denoting order, some
hold that there arc cxs. of its not necessarily
implying this ; (Mughnee, K ;•) one of which is
the saying in the Kur [xxxix. 8], u-ju l ^y> ^jli.
ly»-jj lyl« Jjia-^ »j*-Ij: (Mughnee: [in which
are added other similar exs., one of which is given
in the K :]) but to this there are five replies : 1st,
that this passage is elliptical ; the meaning being,
He created you from one person (which He
originated) ; then He made tlierefrom its mate :
2nd, that the meaning is, He created you from a
person that was alone; then &c. : 3rd, that the
progeny of Adam were made to come forth from

his back like little ants; then Eve was created
from his [rib called the] ij>~a» : 4th, that the
creation of Eve from Adam being unusual, _v is
used to notify its order and posteriority in respect
of wonderfulness and of the manifestation of
power; not to denote order and posteriority of
time : 5th, that ^ is here used to denote the
order of enunciation; not the virtual order: the
replies preceding this last are better than it, inas-
much as they verify the order and the delay ;
whereas the last verifies the order only, as there
is no delay between the two enunciations ; but the
last reply is of more common application, applying
to the ex. given above and to others : (Mughnee:)
Fr says that the meaning of the ex. given above
is, He created you from a person (which He
created) single ; then ice. ; and in like manner
says Zj. (T.) And as to its denoting a delay,
Fr asserts that sometimes this is not the case, as
is shown by the saying, >^JI C-ju*j U

_j r M j.r-al wilo U _^ [ What thou didst to-day
excited my wonder, or admiration, or pleasure ;
then (I tell thee) what thou didst yesterday was
more wonderful, or admirable, or pleasing] ; for
j£ is here used to denote the order of the enun-
ciation ; not a delay between the two enunciations.

(Mughnee, K.*) [It is said that] it denotes

order and a delay when it conjoins single words :
but Akh says that it has the meaning of j [And],
because it is used in cases in which there is no

order ; as in O^**^ ^h ^ **b \J*9 "™*» anc ^
(I say again,) By Ood, I will assuredly do such
a thing] : and when it conjoins propositions, it
does not necessarily denote order, but has the
meaning of j : (Msb :) it has the meaning of ^,
(S, Msb,) the conjunction, (S,) in the saying in

the Kur [x. 47], o£±i ** \J* «*«y^ «&? J^
[And Ood is witness of wliat they do]. (S,
Msb.)—. The Koofees allow its being used in the
manner of o and j so as that the aor. immediately
following it after a conditional verb may be man-
soob : and Ibn-Malik allows its being thus used
so as that the aor. immediately following it after
the expression of a desire that the tiling shall not
be done may be marfooa and mejzoom and man-
soob. (Mughnee.)

j£ : see >!«}. = In the saying j>j ^(j ^ *J U
[He has not ^ nor j> } ], the former of these two
nouns signifies water-skins, or milk-skins, and
vessels; (M;) or what is bad, or the worst, of
those things, (S, K,) accord, to ISk ; (S ;) or
men's houseliold-goods, or furniture and utensils,
and their water-skins, or milk-skins, and vessels;
(T, TA ;) which last is the right meaning : (TA :)
and the latter noun signifies w«JI <U/* [app.
meaning, accord, to analogy, (for I find no suit-
able explanation of it in any of the lexicons,) the
means by which a house, or tent, is put into a
good state; and therefore, good furniture and

utensil*]. (ISk, S, M, K. ) You say also, AC; U

Uj *^j Uj, meaning the same : (S, TA :) or he
possesses not little nor much : it is not used save
with a negation. (M, TA.) An Arab of the
desert said, <cojj <t*-> o* j*«*H \jt £****?> [thus
in gome copies of the S, and in the TA, in which

351

latter the last two nouns are expressly said to be
with damm, but in two copies of the S, in this
instance, erroneously written, <»_«,_) *«j,] i. e.
[Fortune has debarred me] from its little and its
much. (S, TA.) And hence the saying of the
vulgar, J»jj£ J^llW iV» except that they pro-
nounce both these nouns with kesr, meaning He
brought little and much. (TA.) _ See also 1.

&o-> '• see >»1»j.

<0 A handful of dry herbage. (S, M, K.) __
Also n. un. of j£, which is syn. with jb+i : sec
the next paragraph in six places.

j,\Ji [Panicum, or panic grass; applied to
several species thereof; but restricted by Forskal
(Flor. Aeg. Ar., descr. plant., p. 20, where its
Arabic name is written " tummam,") to panicum
dichotomum ; called by Dclile (Flor. Aeg., no. 58,
where its Arabic name is written " temam,")
pennisetum dichotomum; and described by him
in the " explication des planches" accompanying
his Flora, plate 8 : the Arabs use it for making
thatch for their huts:] a kind of plant, (T, S,

Msb, K, [in the M termed >*--,]) well known in
the desert, not desired, or not much eaten, by the
camels, or cattle, except in a case of scarcity, or
drought; (T;) weak, or frail; having what are
termed ^jo^L [q. v.], or what retemble y*^,
sometimes used for stuffing, (S, TA,) and for
stopping up the interstices of houses ; (S, Msb,
TA ;) and sometimes used for removing whiteness
from the eye : (K:) accord, to Az, it is of several
species, one of which is the ix-j>, and another is
the 3.UU., and another is the *Jj£, which resembles
rushes (J-<l)> an ^ brooms are made of it, and
water-bags are covered with it to protect Ahem
from the sun, causing the water to become cool:

*' >»1 hi**"*

(TA :) [see also ii-^-a^t : ] it is also called Jj-y^,

(K,) and * 12, [but see what follows,] (T, M,)
which is sometimes contracted into i«j ; (T ;) or
it is also called T _^, of which *i»j is the n. un. :
(AHn,TA:) the n. un. of>l«j is [likewise] with *'.
(S, M, Msb, K.) You say of a thing that may be
reached, or taken with the hand, without difficulty,
(T, Z, K,) >Cijl o> Ji yi, (I Aar, T, M, Z,
K,*) i. e. t-ft i* easy to thee, or within thy reach,
no obstacle intervening between thee and it: (IAar,
M :) because the>>U-S is not tall, (T, K,) so that
the reaching it should be difficult. (T.) And
t <C?-)I ir'tj .«ift JH yk [meaning the same].
(M.) And tallll ^.U ,i* yl>, (TA,) or JJU> jJU

*«UL)I w'h l^*» ^[That is easy of attainment to
thee], (M,) is a prov. used in relation to the
attainment of a thing that one wants. (M, TA.)
The Arabs also say, " i«^JI >J>j±> ( _ J JU. ey\ yk,
meaning f He is like his father : and some of
them say *i«JJt, with fet-h. (TA.) And it is
said in a trad, of Omar, j»a*» >U- jjiHj i«_>il
UUatw j£ UUj j,. Ul«j jt^i o 1 w<M t [Engage
ye in predatory warfare while it is sweet and
fresh], meaning, while ye see, and make abundant,
your spoils, before it become feeble like the jA*j ;

352

[then, decayed; then, brohen up.] (TA.)_It
alio signifies What hat become dry, or dried up,
of the branches that are placed beneath the j*£>
[q.T.]. (M.)

>>^ A sheep (T, S, M, £) or goat (S, M, £)
that pulls, or plucks, up, or out, with her mouth,
(T,8,M,E:,) a tking^ (T,M,) or a plant: (S,
S :) and that eatsjA^. (M, TA.)

• *»j • .i

>***>: see>l*>.

I- „., a .

jr+ (KM o— •» £ [>n tne CK, erroneously,

^^-», like i>—*.] ) One who pastures for him who
hat no pastor, (T,l£,) or no pasturage, (TA,)
and lends a beatt or camel for riding or carrying,
to him who hat no beatt or camel for riding or
carrying («) Jji "9 ^ JiJtJ, [in the C$, erro-
neously, ji2J,]) and tett right (J^ [in the
C£, erroneously, ^']) what the tribe are unable
to manage, of their affair : (T, E! :) so explained
by ISh. (T.) And A man who it ttrong; who
comet after, and aide, those who have recourse
to him in need ; and bears, or carriet, what it
redundant, or fa excess; and repelt the riders.

see 1, in two places. =s<t^* j«jt He applied
^>\as a colly 'Hum to hit eye. (A, TA.)

8. >>« T ,il and jk«3t He (a man, S) came to a

j£ [q. v.] to drink. (§,?.) U^ j^IJI 2T»

«wA, or prepared, (J»J1,) a juij. (ISk, L.)
See also 1.

(T.) And^JU.

iJa-j A man wAo «f*

right an affair, and manages it, or actt vigorously
»»•'». (IAar,T.) — J^'iJ^ J*-j and *iti.
***-».» i (S,K,) in which latter phrase the 3 is
added to give intensiveness to the signification,
(S,) A man who sweeps and collectt the good and
the bad of a thing: (8:) or who eats the good
of the food and the bad thereof . (El.) [See also
in art ^*-. ]

see what next precedes.

'I'

>>»•«, applied to a house or chamber, (M, El,)
and to a skin containing milk [&c], (H,) Covered
withjA+l. (M,E1.)

-i

and

• *i

see jgi.

J^

1. • J*), oor. * , inf. n. j*3, 7/e fooA forth,
or rf«(/ out, /row it (i. e. a jl*3 q. v. infra) the
earth, in order that the water might come forth ;
(M,L;) as also *».**Jl, (so in the TA, and in
the TT from the M,) or t t j^j\, (accord, to the

L,) and *>jl^L-«. (M, L.) Also, ($,) aor.

and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He took it (»j+J\)
as a j^J ; and so * o'j^l and ♦».*«? :....t. (K,TA.

[But see 8 below.]) [Hence, l He begged of

him until he exhausted him of what he possessed.
(A meaning indicated, but not expressed, in the
A.)] — And y L.JW UUt Ojl^j 1 I exhausted
the she-camel by milking. (A.)_And sJj^j
:t-J1 { Women exhausted him of hit seminal fluid.
(T, S, M, A, £. In the CE1 -3Jl^3.) wsm : He gave
him a gift. (A.) _ JJ, (E,) inf. n. J£, (TA,)
He (a man, TA) was, or became, fat ; as also
» l\J\ (E.) and t &Jt. (ISh, TA.)

10. > «>+2L >l : see 1, in two places. _ [Hence,]
t He sought of him a gift, (A,) or a benefit, a
favour, or an act of kindness. (K.)

11. ilo^t : see 1.

Q. Q. 4. &5< : see 1.

j^j : see what next follows.

J^5 (T, S, M, A, E.) and t J£ (S, M, E.) and
T >0, (M, K,) or the last is a pi. of one of the
two preceding words, (MF,) Water that it little
in quantity, (Lth, T, 8, M, El,) <Aa< lias no con-
tinual increase : (S, M, A, El :) or o Ztttte n>af«r
remaining in a tract of hard, or hard and level,
ground: or what appeart in winter and goet
a»»ay t'n summer (>J^a)l) : (M, El :) or a small
round hollow or cavity (c-Ii) in ro/»Wt <A« rain-
water collectt and from which men drinh during
two months of the tpring-teaton (uyn'1), but
which fails when the summer (J»e*JI) comes :
(IAar, T :) and rain-water that remains retained
beneath the sand, and, when this it removed, is
yielded by the ground : (A :) pi. jO (T, A) and
jUjI [a pi. of pauc] : (so in the L :) some say
that il»J signifies holes dug or excavated, in
which is a little water; and hence A'Obeyd says,
jU-JI £jjm~i, meaning that the holes &c. were
filled by the rain ; but he does not explain it :
(M :) or jUj signifies wells dug around a place
which has been prepared to receive the water of
the rain, where there is continually rain-water,
this place having water-courtet, and the said wells
being filled therefrom : men drink the water that
lies open to view until it becomes dried up by
the effect of the hot winds of summer ; the wells
remaining. (Aboo-Malik, T.)

jl«j : see j*j.

juttt A lamb or kid or calf that hat begun to
eat. (S.)

jt*jl [An ore of antimony: or antimony itself;
stibium; or ttimmi:] collyrium-stone (,>■»-
J*aȣl), (K, TA,) which it black inclining to red,
the mines whereof are in Ispahan, whence the
best is obtained, and in the West, whence the
hardest is obtained : (TA :) a certain stone used
at a collyrium : (S :) a certain stone from which
collyrium M ■> ,*>) is prepared: or collyrium
(Jm m) itself: (M:) or a substance resembling
it : (Seer, M :) or a species thereof: (Lth, T :) or
black J», f>, the mine whereof is in the East:
said by some of the lawyers to be that of Ispakdn :
and said to be an arabicized word. (Msb.) The
women of the Arabs used also to sprinkle [or
rub] it upon the lips and gums, in order that
the teeth might glisten the more. (EM p. 62.)
[And for the same purpose, many of them tattoo
their lips, so as to make them of a uniform

[Book I.

dull bluish hue.] One says of a man who

remains awake at night, journeying or working,
Iju*jI Jtftl JjuL. i^i [Such a one makes the
night a collyrium] ; the blackness of the night
being as though it were a collyrium to his eyes
because he labours all the night in seeking the
means of attaining to eminence. ( A A , T, L.)

* ' ' '

jj-oJU A water exhausted by the crowding of

fnen to it, (S, M, K,) except the smaller portion

of it. (S.K.)^And [hence,] JA man exhausted

ofwkat ke possessed, (T, S, M, A , K ,) by kis giving

when ashed, (M, £,) or in consequence of much

begging. (T, S, M, A.) And \\ man exhausted

of hit seminal fluid by women. (S, A, K.)

1. s+j : see 4, in three places. _- Also It
(fruit) was, or became, ripe. (T.) ^o-L«JJ jji

He collected trees (which are called j+5, TA [or
rather shrubs]) for the sheep or goats. (K.)»i
j*j, aor. ' , J It (a man's wealth) became abun-
dant. (A,TA.) — £i U ijJ-U O'U t[Such

a one is fortunate in the abundance of kis wealth:
or] such a one possesses wealth. (A, TA.)

2. j^j, inf. n. je*«J, It (a plant) shook off Us
blossoms, [or shed them,] and organized and com-
pacted (in the M jJU, and in the K jSa) its fruit.

(AHn, M, K.) iU-JI^„j, inf. n. as above; and

T _^»jt ; t The tkin [of milk] showed upon it the
forming of the butter in little clots : (S, M,* 5 :)
and ^1 j^S, and • <H ft| (T,* A,) J the milk,
being churned, showed upon it what resembled
dry scabs on the skin, (T, A,) previously to their
becoming large and collecting together and form-
ing butter : and you say of the skin [containing

it], j^j and *^Jl : (T :) and JsjjJI *^*Jl t the
butter collected together. (T.)= Also tHe (God)
made a man's wealth abundant. (S.) And I He
(a man) increased, and made abundant, his
wealth. (M,£.)

4. ^«jI, [inf. n. JOj,] It (a tree) put forth Us
fruit : (T, S :) or put forth Us fruit yet unripe :
(IAar :) or began to put forth Us fruit : (T,
Msb :) or bore fruit ; as also *>i3, (M, $i)
aor. - : (TA :) or [j^\ signifies it bore fruit ;

and * j-o-5, it attained the time of bearing fruit :
or the former, it bore unripe fruit; and the latter,
it bore ripe fruit : or the former, it attained the
time for the plucking of its fruit ; and the latter,
it put forth Us fruit : for it is said that] f j*~«
signifies bearing fruit; and ^<*U, that hat attained
the time of bearing fruit: or the former, unripe
fruit; (M;) and the latter ripe fruit: (T, M:)
or the former, that hat attained the lime for
plucking ; (AHn, M, K ;) and the latter, that has
put forth its fruit : (El :) or the latter of these
epithets is applied to a tree, signifying bearing ripe
fruit ; and to fruit, signifying ripe. (IAar, TA.)
__ He (a man) had fruit that had come forth
but that wat not yet ripe. (T.) — | He (a man)
became abundant in wealth ; (T, S, M, A, ]£ ;) as
also t^J, (A,?,) aor.*, t (TA,) inf. n. J^J.
(A, TA.) _ IjtJ oJf jjl U I [At long at tke

Book I.]

moonlight-night renetct itself, or recurs ; i. e.
ever]. (TA.) — See also 2, in four places. =r
This verb is mentioned by most of the lexico-
logists only as intrans. ; but it is also trans., sig-
nifying It (a tree, or t other tiling,) produced

fruit, t &c. (Shift el-Ghaleel, MF.) Also Be

fed a jwrson with fruits. (TA.)

j-»j : sccj^j, in two places.

^i (T, S, M, A, Msb, K) and t)^5 (Sb, M, A)
and ♦ jU«j, (M,) [coll. gen. ns.,] The fruit of
trees; (M, K;) the several hinds of fruits ; (T;)
the fruit which a tree produces, whether it is
eaten or not eaten : (Msb :) pi. of the first, jl*j ;

and pi. pi. (i. c. pi. of ]0, Fr, S, M, Msb) jj ;
and pi. pi. pi. (i.e. pi. of*jJt, S, Msb) ]lj\;
(S, Msb, £ ;) and the pi. of jljf is j~.Ol ;
(IHsh.TA:) or J^i is pj. of^'; (AHeyth,
TA;) or it may be pi. of S^j, because it is of a
form more common as that of a pi. of a word of
this form than of the form of jO : (M :) tj+3 is
the n. un. of j^j, (S, M, $,) and iJ^J is that
of JJ: (SI,, M,£:*) the pi. of J^J is i.1^5
(S, Msb) and * iT^j : (]j£ :) [or rather this last

is a qimsi-pl. n. :] Sj+j, which none but Sb men-
tions, has, accord, to him, no broken pi. : (M :)
IHsh says that there is no word like j^i in its

scries of pis. except JJ»\. (MF: see **£»). )

Also ^5, (M, A, K,) or t^J, ( T , S,) and »JJ,
(S.) and * ]0, (K,) or t ]\^, (M,) or t*Q j
(TA;) of which last three, tho first ( jV*J) is dis-
approved by several writers; and some say that
it is for j+j, tho second vowel being lengthened
for the sake of metre ; (MF ;) I Property, or
wealth, (T,S,) increased and multiplied: (S:) or
various hinds of property or wealth, (I 'Ab, M,
K,) increased and multiplied, and gained, or ac-
quired, for oneself: (I 'Ab, B :) or, accord, to
Mujiihid,j«j, in the Kur, means fruit; and *^i,
property, or wealth ; but Yoo did not admit this,
app. holding both to mean the same : (T :) in
the Kur xviii. 32, AA read *^j, and explained
it as signifying kinds of property or wealth. (S.)
— >oJ also signifies I Gold and silver: (AAF,
M,K:) so accord, to Mujahid in the Kur xviii. 32;
but this is not known in the proper language.
(AAF, M.) — And Trees [or shrubs]: (TA:)
and ij^atrce [or shrub]. (Th, M,K. [In the

C£, erroneously, »j+j.]) And [the n. un.]

Ifji, [in the CK, erroneously, ijOj>,] \A child,
or son ; (K, B, TA ,) as also ^JUjI ij^j, [of
which other meanings will be found below, 1 and
>1j*Jt »j*j [lit, like the next preceding expression,
fruit of the heart] : accord, to some, in the Kur
ii. 150, Olj^lJI means y^\ [or children] and

jU»-^l [or grandchildren, kc.]. (B, TA.)

i Progeny ; or offspring. (K.) [Whence, app.,]
aj>*J v^-xiai f Hi* [power of] procreating was
cut off: or At* appetite for sexual intercourse.
(TA from a trad.) [Another meaning of this
phrase will be found below.] _ t The fruit, as
meaning the profit, of a thing : (Msb, TA :) as
that of knowledge, namely, good works; and
that of good works, namely, Paradise. (TA.)
Bk.I.

Hence, tj+3 *i ,^J + There is no profit pertain-
ing to it. (Ms b.) [Hence also,] JU 5^5 \ The
increase of property. (A.)^tThe knot of the ex-
tremity, (A,) or of the extremities, (K,) of a whip;
(A, K ;) because like a fruit in its form and in its
manner of hanging : (B, T A :) and j*j, the knots
of the extremities of whips : (S, Mj , Mgh :) or the
former signifies the end, or extremity, of a whip:
(T:) or, more correctly, the tail, which is [the appen-
dage that forms] the end, or extremity, of a whip;

its a^i*. (Mgh.) t The extremity, (T, K,) or

tip, (A,) of the tongue : (T, A, K :) or its lower
extremity. (IAth, TA.) _ I A man's prepuce :
pi. jl«-> : so in the phrases { j'j>i Sj*j C<«hi, and

911'**' > *

^eAjU-* OoJakJ, meaning J Such a one was circum-
cised, and they were circumcised. (A.) [Another
meaning of the former of these phrases has been
mentioned above.] __ t The shin of the head.
(ISh,T, K.) — w-iill Sj-»j [of which one mean-
ing has been given above] also signifies t The
heart's core ; or the black, or inner, part of the

jj't'j uSt'

heart ; syn. «$l j^^-, and 4^*.. (S in art <^»>.)
[Hence,] *JUS h+Zt i«-^«- J [-ffe distinguished

me peculiarly, or specially,] by his love, or flj^cc-

»'"''' '''t'j'tt

turn. (A,TA.) And aJ£ oj-o->j «Js! **<-= »Lktl

t [He gave him his ratification of the bargain,

and] his sinceresl agreement. (A, TA.) _ ,j

*' '' *. £ • '' ***

°j-ej tU~" and ^»j J/n <Ae sky is a small portion,
or quantity, of cloud. (A,TA.)__;UJI j^S : see
art U»-. _ See also j**!.

j+j : see j+i, in three places.

j+j t Wealth blessed with increase: (A,TA:)
or much, or abundant, wealth ; as also t j>««*<
(K.J^S^oj c^tl : see «I /4 j.__S^L> oU , ,-ii U
t My wind Aa* no sweetness for thee : (K, TA :)
but accord, to Z, in the A, art. j+j, the last word
in this phrase is with O, and so it is written in
the K in that art., and explained as meaning i~J»
[or agreeably affected]. (TA.)

i\j+3 : see j+j, first sentence. = i\j+j *jm * vl
/ree having fruit; (S;) of which the fruit has
come forth : (K :) or abounding with fruit ; as
also ♦ ^e«j : or this latter signifies the same as
* oj^lo ; and its pi. is ^i. (AHn, M.) And
>lj«J ^ijt TJanrf abounding with fruit ; as also
*lri^> (AHn, M,JC,) or to^J. (8o in some
copies of the K, and in the TA.)

• '' % ''

jl»j : see j+j, second sentence.

* i /. -L-t •*****» •*!

j^j ; lem. with » : hence ij*+> *i* l ~'> an( i c^j'
ije+*: see il^*'. __je»j also signifies \MUh of
which the butter has not come forth ; (M, K ;)
and so tjj^J: (K:) or both signify milk of
which the butter has appeared: (M,K:) or ^
jt*5, milk of which the butter has not been taken
forth : (TA in art j^. :) or milk of which the
butter has formed into little clots: (IAth, TA:)
and ~j«£» o4 t«n like manner], milk fit for
churning, and showing upon it the formation of
little clots of butter : (As, M :) and ♦ ij~oJ, (as
some say, M,) I what appears, of butter, before it

353

collects together (S, M,* K) and attains the time
of its becoming in a good, or proper, state: (8,
M :) and ♦ j+j, wliat is seen upon milk, when it
has been churned, resembling dry scabs on the
skin, (T, A,) is also termed the * S^-^5 of milk.

(T.) [Sec 2.] j~* o^l t The moonlight-night,

(S, M, ]£f) when the moon is full; (TA ;) [contr.
°fj*—* v>A] See 4.

%' ' • ' * *

Sje+5 fern, of >~»j- — Also a subst. : see j~»^>
in three places.

j-oU : see 4. ___^JUiJI j-oU | Perfect, or com-
plete, in respect of forbearance, or clemency; like
ripe fruit (IAar, M.) ^»ll)l The flower of

At *

the t^oU^. [or rose-coloured sorrel] ; (AHn, M, KL ;)
which is red. (TA.) _ The .l^j) [dolichos lubia
ofForskal]. (AHn, M,K.)

jl«j, or jl»e> : see ^«j, in three places.

^*-« : see 4; and sec also i\j+>.—j+Z* Jit
+ [Fruitful intellect ;] the intellect of the Muslim :
opposed to^«*ie Jift [barren intellect;] the intel-
lect of the unbeliever. (M, TA.)

: see

j >t' %t .

jy£» : see ^»j. — ,j) jy^> >£ I -A. people, or
company of men, abounding in wealth. (K,* TA.)

J-*

1. J^3, [aor., app., , and *,] inf. n. J^J, 7<
(water) remained in a watering-trough or tank.
(Msb.) — Also, (T, TA,) aor. ; and -' , (TK,)
inf. n. Ji3 (T, M, K) and JyJ, (M, %,) He (a
man, T) remained, stayed, resided, dwelt, or tar-
ried. (T, M, K.) You say, L£ U* O^ J^
Such a one remained, &c, and does not quit his
place. (T.) And ^ &ji J^Jj o*** yi <>Jj'l
^jb, i. e., [7w<? »o>m of suck a one removed, or
departed, and such a one] remained [in their
abode]* (T, TA.) = <»JL»j He steeped it, or mace-
rated it, and left it, or kept it, long; namely,

poison. (Skrp.194.) [SeejC3.] jC-aJI *=J^5,

aor. ; , [inf. n., app., J^j,] Ske (a woman) was
a support to the children, remaining, or abiding,
with them. (M.) And ^Ju3, (T, M, ]£,) aor. '-
(T, £) and , , (K,) inf. n. J^, (M,) He aided
them, or succoured them, (T, K,) namely, his
party, kinsfolk, or tribe, (K,) and undertook, or
managed, their affairs: (Ibn-Buzurj, T, I£ :) he
fed them, and gave them drink, (M, £,) namely,
orphans, (M,) and undertook, or managed, their
affairs. (M, ?.)__;^ ^!P J-3 U (Yoo, T,
S, M, 1£) >.Ui» Zf (Yoo, S) 7T« at« no food

ie/br« drinking. (Yoo, T, S, M, K.) You say

also, l^t^-1 ^4 U J^ U *W31 ^>. i^-UI cii>l
iU' C>* 2%« ca«& a/e of the herbage what mat
equal to the water that they had drunk. (T.)__
And J^5, aor. -, He ate (£) food. (T^O^
jj, (S, M,K,) aor. - , (^,) inf. n. J^, (§, M,
K,*) He (a man, S) 6ecam« intoxicated. (S,

45

304

3. J^J as an intrans. v. : see 4. ■■ aJL»j, inf. n.
J-*~j, He made it, or caused it, to remain; he
left it i or reserved it ; (S, K ; [in the former of
which, for the explanation »U/, Golius found
•Ui ;]) as also *ii»Jl. (S, TA.) You say, ,jiL\

aSdjI *jJlj T-iJ*M> >-c, [Co««c< thou the
clear milk t» a thin, and] leave the <Ul«3 [or
froth] in the milking-vessel. (T.) .., ■»» II

/ took forth the ii\+i [or remaining water or the
like] from the bottom of the jar ; as also "duX+A
(TA.)

4. J»3l It (a thing, S, or milk, TA) had much
ij'Ci, i. o., froth; (S/TA;) as also tjJ^J. (TA.)
— cJl«yt She (a camel) gave much froth in her
milk. (TA in art. s JU-.)a= Sec also 2, in three
places.

5. J-*!-' //c supped, or sipped, 'what was in a
vessel. (Ibn-'Abbad, £.)

J»»J : see J-»j, in four places.

• »j «- •'

J^i : sec aL,j.

J*»j Remanencc, stay, residence, or tarriance;
like • J^5 : (T, M, K :) [the lnttcr is an inf. n. :
scol:] and Itoth signify also case ; repose; easi-
ness of life, and ampleness of the circumstances

thereof. (T.) You sny J^i j\} (T, M) and * jj
(M) An abode of [fixed] residence, (T, M,) and
of case, or repose, &c. (T.) And *J>*5 O^ ^
;>/«r« peopled, inhabited, well stocked with people
and the like. (Th, AAF, M.) And o$ u* j'S
,J+j nnd ^J^j TVifl abode of the sons of such a
one is an abode of [fixed] residence. (IDrd, TA.)
mm. Shade, or shadow. (M, K.) = Intoxication :
(K:) inf. n. of jj. (8, M.)od Sec also ii*3, in
two places.

jj Intoxicated. (S,M,K.)_.JI jj U
IJA *-«>* J I have a love for such a place. (K,*
TA.)

iU3, (T, M.) or * ICi, (K.) Mud taken forth
front the bottom of a well. (AZ, T, M, K.) _
See nlso aw, in two places.

►3 Orain, and wwaZ o/ parched barley or
wheat (,Jiy^), and dates, of which half and less,
(AZ,T, M,K,) or «a(/" and more, (M,K,) is
[remaining] in the receptacle, or bag; (AZ, T,
If, K ;) as also tlO (K) and t ii^ : (M, K:)
pi. (of the first, TA) JJ and (of the last, TA)
,JjI»j- (K.) — And in like manner, A [heap
jimcA o» « termed] Sj««e of wheat. (TA.)_Also,
and * iO, (AA, S, M, K,) and tiO, (K,) and
*aJC3, (8,M,M ? b,) and tai*J, (K,) A re-
mainder, (AA,S,) or water remaining, (Msb,) or
a little water remaining, (M, K,) * n a nmtering-
trough, (Msb,) or tn <Ae bottom of a watering-
trough, (8, M, K,) orofa skin, (M, K,) or of a
vessel (AA,8, M) of any kind, (M,) &c. ; (A A,

8;) and the same, (TA,) or T »U.«*, of which
T J t «* is tho pi. [or rather coll. gen. n.], (S,)
water, (§,) or a little water, (TA,) remaining in
a rock, or in a valley : (8, TA :) or these two

words signify water remaining in pools left by
torrents, and in hollows that have been dug. (T.)
[See an ex. of *i)Uj in a verse cited voce j*e&.]
_iL»j <v and *J«oJ \ In him is somewhat [re-
maining] of intelligence, and prudence, (K, TA,)
and judgment, to which regard, or recourse, may
be had. (TA.) See also IC3 And see 3XJ.

ID: see 3Xji Also, (IF,TA,) or t JJ,

(M,) Some tar remaining in a vessel. (IF, M,

TA.) And (hence, IF, TA) the former, A

piece of rag, (IF, M,) dipped in tar, (M,) or a
tuft of wool, (S, K,) with which a camel is tarred,
(IF, S, M,K,) [to cure him of, or preserve him
from, the mange, or scab,] and with which a shin
for water or milk is anointed; (M,K;) as also

* iCi (M, K) and * aJJL. (S, K.) And

(hence, as being likened thereto, TA) The rag of
the menses: pi. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ' J-«v.

(m,k.)
• **

JL»J Steeped, or macerated, poison; as also

* JiU : (T, S, K : [in the CK, iii^l is put for
juU«J1 :]) or *the latter signifies poison that has been

long steeped, and has remained : (S,* M :) or that
has been steeped in a vessel, and remained steeped for
some days, until it has fermented : (Ibn-'Abbdd,
Z :) or poison with which has been mixed some-
thing that strengthem it and excites its energy,
that it may be more penetrating, or more effec-
tive: (Ham p. 215:) and simply poison. (T.)
[The poison of a serpent or other thing. (Golius,

from Mcyd.)]_ [Hence,] jj>£jl *J*i« ab-Jj
t [The infection of drowsiness made him to incline

from side to side]. (TA.) _ Sec also <UU->.

jO An aider, or a succourcr, who undertakes,
or manages, the affairs, of his party, kinsfolk, or
tribe : (T, S, K :) their stay, or support : (M :)
the aider, or succourer, of orphans : (Lh, M :) a
refuge, or protector. (Mgh. [See also J^«.])
Hence, (Mgh,)

[The aider, Ice., or the stay, or support, or the
refuge, of the orphans ; a defence to the widows] ;
(Mgh, TA ;) said by Aboo-Talib, in praising
Mohammad. (TA.) [See also another ex. in a

verse cited voce Qf.j

• - *'*i

J*,y : see iU->.

iJUj : sec aJL»j, in two places :__and see «JL*j.

Also, (S, M, Mgh, M 9 b, K,) and *JCi, (M,

Mgh,) accord, to Th, (M,) or the latter is pi. of
the former, (S,M,Msb,K,) [or rather coll. gen. n.,]
Froth, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) of any kind : (M :)
or froth of milk (Th, M) when it is drawn. (M.)

li+mt : see aJLoj, in three places. — Also Re-
mains of food, (M, K,) or of herbage, or fodder,
(S,) or of fresh pasture and of fodder, (T,) and
of drink, (S,?,) in the belly, (S, M, £,) or tn
the intestines and other parts, (T,) of a camel, or
other animal; (S;) as also taj'C): (T£.:~) and
food that has been eaten before drinking: (T, S:)
and any remains, or anything remaining: (S:)

pi.- JiCi. (TA.) Also The part (Lh, M, £)

of the belly (§1) of a man (Lh, M) in which are

[Book I-

the food and drink : (Lh, M, K :) and the part
in which is the drink in the belly of the ass.
(Lh,M.)

jS, (?, Sgh, ?,) like JjL, (K, TA, but in
one copy of the S J->i-», and in another J^l«,
and in the CK like j~±»,) A refuge ; an asylum.
(S,Sgh,K. [See also Jl*5.])

jjU Milk having froth; [or, app., having
much froth; see 4;] as also • J^i». (M, K.)

il m m »: see *U«->.

J*£* : see JWj, in three places.
J^l» : see J«»~«.

1. ^£>, aor. '- , (S, M, Mgh, &c.,) inf. n. ^j,
(M,) He took the eighth of their goods, or pro-
perty. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.)__And, aor. -,
He was, or became, the eighth of them: (S, Mgh,
Msb, 1£ :) or he made them, with himself, eight.
(S in art. wJj.) And He made them., they being
seventy-nine, to be eighty. (A'Obcyd, S in art.
»£J15.) =: i >»3, [aor. i ,] inf. n. iil»i, // (a com-
modity) was, or became, precious, costly, of high
price ; and ^(j^jt [signifies the same ; or] it had
a price, or value. (TA. [See ,^,-oJ.])

2. <U«j Hi) ?»arf« t'< eight : or coWcd t't eight.
(Esh-Shcybunee, and K in art. J-*-}-) — [He

t*tm wt. * * •

made it octangular.] __ 45lj-o^) ^>o->, or UjUf.,
2fe remained eight nights with his wife: and in
like manner tho verb is used in relation to any
saying or action. (TA in art. »-_..)= Also, (T,

TA,) inf. n. ,>-»ii. (TA,) He collected it together.
(T,TA.)=sAlso, inf. n. as above, (Msb, TA,)
He made known, or notified, [or he set, or
assigned it,] its price; i.e., the price of a com-
modity ; like a*j3 : (TA :) or he assigned it a
price by conjecture: (Msb :) and t<U«j| he named
a price for it. (TA.)

j# •
4. j»yi\ 0^>\ The party of man became eight :

(S, K :) and also the party of won became eighty.

(M and L in art. wJL>.) _— c~~.jI She brought
forth her eighth offspring. (TA in art. j£/.)_
■>»j| said of a man, He was, or became, one whose
camels came to water "U»v, (S, K,) l. e., on the
eighth night [after the next preceding watering],
(K.) = k > e jl said of a commodity: see 1. bb
<U*jI He sold it for a price. (Msb.) _ See also

2 ii& jl> ^t, (T,S,) or luL, (K,)

and i' ^>jI, (T, S, K,) [i. e. asXU a) &+j\, or
<CxJL_,] signify the same, (T,S,*) lie gave the
man the price of his commodity : (K :) or v>«jt

" " j £ ******

acI^j J^yi, and acU* aI y>^l, A« named to

the man a price for hi* commodity, and assigned

it to it, or to him. (Mgh.)

• >i • 'I

jj^j : see ,^+>.

^^j The «i^A<A young one or offspring. (A in
art w-J-5-) mb One of the periods betrceen two
drinkings, or waterings, of camels : (S :) [or the
end of one of those periods ; namely, the night
of coming to water which is] the eighth night of

Book I.]

a period between two drinhingt, or waterings, of
camels, (K,) [counting the night of the next pre-
ceding drinking, or watering, as the first : see
• •#•
*L/j and u .* &c] See also 4.

,>*> The //rice of a thing; i. e. the thing that
the teller receives in return for the thing sold,
whether money or a commodity; (Er-Raghib,
TA ;) the ^ of a thing Bold : (S :) and also
(Er-Raghib, TA) a compensation, or substitute,
(Mgh, Msb, Er-Raghib, TA,) whatever it be, for
a thing, (Er-Raghib, TA,) i. e., for a thing that
is sold ; but in the sense commonly known, such
as it is incumbent upon one to pay, of pieces of
silver, and of gold [or other money] ; not com-
modities and the like : (Mgh :) or the value, or
worth, of a thing ; (1£ ;) its *«*» : (T :) or the
estimated value, or worth, of a thing, by mutual
consent, even though it be really excessive or
deficient; whereas the 3^3 is its real value or
worth, its equivalent : (MF:) pi. ^CJl (T, Mgh,
Msb, K) and ^1, (S, Ms b, $,) the latter used
only as a pi. of pauc., (Msb,) arid [so] iLj\.
(C$ : not in the TA.) The saying in the Kur
[ii. 38 and v. 48], j^U <& J}\& l^jiii ^ j 8
metaphorical, meaning t And take ye not in ex-
change for my signs a small substitute : [i. e.
purchase not in exchange for belief in my word
tho happiness, or enjoyments, of the present life.]
(Mgh.) With respect to this saying, Fr remarks,
when UoJ occurs in the ljur, with ^> prefixed to
the name of the thing sold or bought, in most cases
it relates to two things whereof neither is a p+5
in the sense commonly known, i. e., such as
pieces of gold and of silver : and such is the case
when you say, •UCy t^j C-J^lil [I purchased a
garment with a A~£=>, q. v.] : either of thefee
may be termed a &+i for the other: but in
speaking of pieces of silver and of gold, you
prefix the ^t to the p+i [only] ; as is done in
[tho chapter of] Yoosuf, [i. e. ch. xii., v. 20,
where it is said,] ojjuu^ktp u*-*>»* i>W »ij^i
[And they sold him for a deficient, or an insuffi-
cient, price : for pieces of silver not many, so as
to require their being weighed, but few, and there-
fore counted] : for pieces of silver are always a
ij+5 : and when you purchase pieces of silver
and of gold with the like, you prefix the ^> to
whichever of the two you will, because each of
them in this case is a purchase and a price. (T.)

0$ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K!) and * ^5 (M,
Msb, £) An eighth; an eighth part or portion;
as also ♦J >s *i; (S, M,» Mgh, Msb, K ;) agree-
ably with a general rule applying to fractions,
accord, to some ; (M, K ;) but ^JJ was ignored
by AZ (T and S in art. ȣJU) and by others,
(TA,) and so was ^-t*L : (S in art. £Jj :) pi.
OU3l. (M,K.)
,'i

as ,>«j ; and a thing that has a price, or value,
is termed 1 >*I* [app. ^>*J, as above; but perhaps
v >ii*, q. ?.]. (Har p. 42.)

2*yU>> a noun of number, well known ; [mean-
ing 'Eight;] as also t ^,1^5, (M,TA,) which is
like yj^i, (M,I£,) in form : (M :) the former is
the masc. form : the latter, the fern. : (Msb :)
this is not a rel. n. [though likened above to
£j\+i] '• (M, K :) or it is originally a rel. n. from

5 'i
0-»— "• because it is the part, or portion, that

makes seven to be eight, so that it is its eighth :

they make the first letter to be pronounced with

fet-h, because they make changes [in some other

cases] in the rel. n., (S,l£,) as when they say

^jy and ^$j*>>, [which are rel. ns. of J,-* and

J**>\ (§>) an d they suppress one of the two ^s
which are characteristic of the rel. n., and com-
pensate it by the insertion of I, as they do in the

reL n. of p*J\ [when they say \J\+j, originally
• -' S — '

U^Uj, for ijyj]: (S,K: [and the like is said

in the Mgh :]j El-Fariscc says that the I of ^Ci

is the characteristic of the rel. n., because this

and IF

i)U-> and tjiti : see a^US.

• i • *i

0**J- see ^>»j. = A1so High-priced; or of

high value; (S, TA;) and t ,jJU [signifies the
same ; or] having a price, or value : (TA :) but
accord, to the Durrat el-Ghowwas, the assertion
that the former has the meaning here assigned
to it is a mistake ; for it means [only] the same

word is not a broken pi. like
assents to this, and says that were it not so, the S
would be inseparable, as it is in Z^Cc- &c, (M.)
You say JUy 3^3 [Eight men], (T, S, Mgh,)

At i* *'

and>»^t SeJUj [eight days]. (Msb.) And when
(jl*5 is prefixed to another noun, its (_£ is retained,
like the ^ in ^UH : (S, Msb, K. :) and it is
decl. in the same manner as words of the class to
which this last belongs: (Msb:) you say Sy*i jVO
[Eight women], (T, S, Mgh, Msb, £,) and' ^O
<pU [eight hundred], (S, Msb,K,) [in the nom.
and gen. cases ;] and si-j ^O C-i'J [I saw
eight women], pronouncing the fet-hah [at the
end, in this case]. (Msb.) When it is with
tenween, the ^ is dropped in the nom. and gen.
cases, but it is retained in the accus. case: (S,
¥0 ['• e ->] when the fem. form is not prefixed
to another noun, you say, ,jO ;tJI Cy> lCJ-&

[I have with me, of women, eight], and Oil*
OW Or* [I passed by, of them, eight], and
yUj C,(lj [/ saw eight]. (Msb.) It sometimes
occurs, in poetry, indecl. : (S, M :) this is because
it is fancied to be a pi. ; (S ;) or because it is
likened, as to the letter, but not as to the mean-
ing, to ijjyi. (M.) The people of EWEIijaz
pronounce the masc. and the fem. with nasb in
every case, in phrases like J^j^3 ,j'J,\ and
Or**** u*** 51 » an< ^ so on to ten [inclusive]. (S
voce aJ^i, q. v.) Th mentions * ^U3 ; (TA ;)
and some instances of its occurrence are cited ;
but As disallows it. (T, Mgh, TA.) ^J :U£»
^>l»j means A [garment of the kind called] A Jk
made of eight fleeces. (T.) j^J^i fc% J-J&
(|)W [She advances with four and goes back
with eight] is a saying of one of the py^O. • of
El-Medeeneh ; meaning, with four creases (o&)
of the belly, and with eight extremities thereof;
each crease having two extremities, towards the
two sides of the woman spoken of, (Mgh in art.

366

C**.) The saying J^> J> £*•* vi^ 1 should
properly be a^O ^j, (S,) which means, The
garment, or piece of cloth, is seven cubits in
length by eight spans in breadth; (Msb;) because
the length is measured by the tlji, which is fem.,

and the breadth by the yJj, which is masc. ; but

they use the fem. when they do not mention
... . . •*•*•#»* ' * t

things ; as when they say, ■ t f- j^\ O- ' ' ■ r

[We fasted, of the month, five], though meaning
days : (S :) or because ctjj is fem. in most in-
stances, and j*i is masc. (Msb.) [But it is said
that when i-Jl»j means the things numbered, not
the amount of the number, it is imperfectly decl.,
being regarded as a proper name : thus] you say,

*&<+> O-* >*" U [Nine things are more than
eight things], (TA voce i*-J, q. v.) [See also
*i-.] — When you make it a compound [with
the number ten], you say, •JL.j jLs. i^C3 ^ju«
[I have with me eighteen men] : and in the case
of the fem., you may either make the ^ to be
with fct-h or make it quiescent, saying, tCjJs.
\\yk\ ijZ* ^jiLoJ tl—JI ,ja or SjJLft ^yU-> [/ have
with me, of women, eighteen women] ; but the
former is the more chaste ; and in one dial., the
^ is elided, on the condition of [saying JjO
S^lc,] making the ^ to be with fct-h ; (Msb ;)
or in this case you say ij^s- ^Uj, with kesr.
(T.) A poet says, (T, S,) namely^ El-Aasha, (%.,)

[And I will assuredly drink eight cups of wine,
(a pi. of ,^A£», which is fem., being understood,)
and eight more, and eighteen, and two, and four] :
(T, S, lj : but in the 8 and 1£, c-j>£ jiij ; and
in the K, and in one copy of the S, oC^j ^ e
should properly have said i^S* u^W or iVO
»j-l*, (accord, to different copies of the T and S
and 1J,) but he elides the ^ after the dial, of him
who says ^\ J£t [for ^J^^l], (S, K,) and
he makes the & to be with kesr in order to in-
dicate the ^. (T.) The dim. of i^O may

be formed either by suppressing the t, which is the
preferable way, so that you say ♦ &fi, or by
suppressing the ^, saying t l^j, changing the 1
into ^ and incorporating into it the ^j that is the
characteristic of the dim. ; and you may com-
pensate for both [of these suppressed letters by

saying * ££3 and *L^i]. (S.) ^Cil is

also the name of A certain plant. (As, T, Kl.)

O^Uj a well-known noun of number ; [mean-
ing Eighty;] sometimes used as an epithet: El-
Aasha says,

3u\i i^UJ

- , a . ..%■

ou

9 J3

[Assuredly if thou wert in a well eighty fathoms
deep, and wert made to ascend the tracts of
heaven by a ladder] : he uses it thus as meaning
deep. (TA. [But in this verse, as cited in the
present art. in the TA, ^>\^\ is put in the place

45

806

of vWA which is the reading commonly known,
and given in the S and TA in art w— , and in

theTAinartjjij.]) ^Uj j*A» ^t"^" 1 * k>^ J***'
[Jifor« stupid than an owner of eighty iheep], (§,

?,) or v>e>C3 CM t»S^b O*. [ /Aan a P a * tor °/

eighty sheep], as in some of the copies of die S, or,

t - • *
as in the Proverbs of Aboo-'Obeyd, &lo ^JU» j>»

Ot^^i [than a demander of eighty sheep], (TA,)

is a saving that originated from the fact that an

Arab of the desert announced to Kisra an event

that rejoiced him, whereupon he said, "Ask of

me what thou wilt ;" and he asked of him eighty

sheep. (§, K.) [It also signifies Eightieth.]

•. ft •'<•-! ,* i, 'i ,!'■"! J'.i'i
Ve»' and a^,j and Vf -» and ^ tt -*-' : see VV,
» » * « '

last sentence but one.

J^O [Eighth: fern, with I]. (§,£,&c.) —

[ jii. ^U and iiJJL* £uti, the former masc. and
the latter fcm., meaning Eighteenth, are subject
to the same rules as jJLz «£Ju and its fcm., ex-
plained in art. »£Jtf, q. v.J — ^'y j^J, [the
latter word pi. of <U*tf,] Camels that come to
water on the eighth night [after the next preceding
watering] : from &+j. (TA.)

v >Jl Of more [and of most] price or t>a/ue. (S.)

Sold for a price : (Ms b :) or having a

(Mgh.)

-t J

/niYe named for it, and assigned to it.
[See also l >«*'.]

see l >*J.

A »"}UL« [or noje-fru</] : (IAar, T :) or
the like I hereof. (8.)

J^i. Octangular. (8,1£.) — A verse composed
of eight feet. (TA.)™ Collected together. (T,
TA.)«Powon*rf; syn. »►— o. (K.)_-.Fewra*;
syn. >^«~». ($.)

extending to, (M,) f A« Aatr o/rA< puiei, (Lth, T,
M,) wt t*A« tower part o/ *A« Mfy ; (Lth, T ;) the
part between the navel and the hair of the pubes :
(S :) or the thin skin (.U»ir») between the navel
and the hair of the pubes : (M, £ :) or the hair
of the pubes, (T, M, $,) itself. (M.) — And, of
a horse (T, 8, M, $) and the like, (T, S, $,) The
fetlock ; i. e. the hairs on the hinder part of the

pastern-joint, (T, 8, M, £,) hanging down (8, M)

,. it ,

over the part called O'^r?' J* *° at nearl !/ t0

reach the ground : (S :) pi. l >i3. (8, M.) —
«% >#)1 O* *2 J> U£> I [app. meaning IF*
were engaged in light and confused talk] is a
metaphorical saying, borrowed from the U of the.
horse and the singing [or humming or buzzing of
the flies and other insects] of the meadow or gar-
den. (A,TA.)

,jUJ Numerous, or abundant, and tangled, or
luxuriant, plants or herbage. (T, It.)

(jtiJ fern, of O^'j which see in art. ^j$.

c^juj and SjJ^j
art. IjJ.

jbJ and I ju5
and

and

see

Quasi yi

^yj and ^^j

8 a- ; a :X-

and «uji»

see art ^ji

.A

8 't

2. ,>J //e ( a 1,or8C ) *(/*«* A " ** [or fetlock]
so that it did not touch the ground in his running,
by reason of his briskness, or lightness: (M:) [or]
his ili touched the ground in consequence of his
being ridden by a heavy person. (T.)

4. J>3l He (a weak old man) became wasted
and worn out. (K.)

5. o^-— ' "* pastured, or fed, upon ^ [q. v.].
(T.)

^ Dry herbage: ($:) or dry herbage when
it lies heaped together, one part upon another:
(T:) or dry herbage, ($,) or what has become
dried up of ^^A*. and ^^ and iA**-i (M,)
•vArt i< it muck in quantity, and lies heaped
together, one part upon another: or what has
become black of any branches, or twigs; not con-
sisting of Jii nor of ^Jl : (M, K :) or dry
herbage broken in pieces : (IDrd, M:) or [simply]
herbage, or pasture : (Th, M :) or herbage that is
weak, and soft, or easily broken. (IJ.)

ill), of a human being, (Lth,T,) The part
below the navel, (Lth, T, M,) above, (Lth, T,) or

1. iUJ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, 5,) said in the
K to be like ^ implying that the aor. is - ,
but this is a mistake, (MF,TA,) [for it is well
known that] the aor. is -. , (Msb,) inf. n. ^j, (S,
M, Msb, &c.,) He doubled it, or folded it; (T;)
he turned one part of it upon another; (M, K;)
he bent it; (T,S,Mgh, M?b,TA;) lie drew, or
contracted, one of its two extremities to [or to-
wards] the other ; or joined, or adjoined, one of
them to the other; thus bending it; (Mgh;)
namely, a stick, or branch, or twig, (Mgh,) or a
tiling, (T, 8, M, Msb, K,) of any kind. (T.)
One says of a man with the mention of whom one
| begins, in relation to an honourable or a praise-
worthy quality, or in relation to science or know-
ledge, ^-pUJI { j!£ 44, (T,) meaning With [the
mention of] him, (T, and Msb in art. j-a*-,)
among others of his class, (Msb ib.,) the little
fingers are bent. (T, and Msb ubi supra. [For
the Arabs, in counting with the fingers, first bend
the tip of the little finger down to the palm of the
hand; then, the tip of the next; and so on;
bending the thumb down upon the other fingers
for five ; and then continue by extending the fin-
gers, one after another, again commencing with
the little finger.]) And a poet says,

[And if glory, or any old ground of pretension to

[Book I.

honour, be reckoned as belonging to a body of
men, it is ray people, witk the mention of them,
in that case, the fingers are bent] ; meaning that
they are reckoned as the best; (IAar, M;) for
the best are not many. (M.) One says also,
j£i '*£*)} ^j [lit He bent his hip, and alighted],
meaning he alighted from his beast. (T.) And
*ib A* *Vj ■ A meaning He drew up hie leg
to his thigh, and alighted. (M.) But ^1 JJt
uJU-j JjJj, occurring in a trad., means Before lie
turned hit leg from the position in which it was
in the pronouncing of the testimony of the faith.
(IAth.) 'o'^Se ^jii, aor. and inf. n. as above,
[lit. He folded his breast, or bosom,] means t he
concealed enmity in his breast, or bosom : or he
folded up what was in it, in concealment. (TA.)

It is said in the I£ur [xi. 5] >>0 &j.) Jl * Oy-t J*r*\ ^'»
meaning [Now surely] they infold and conceal [in
their bosoms] enmity and hatred: (Fr, T:) or
they bend their breasts, or bosoms, and fold up,
and conceal, what it therein : (Zj, T :) I 'Ab
read, v*, } j-*> "^y-* = you. say, tjj-a u>y~>l
;lidu)l .«&£, meaning his breast, or bosom, in-
folded, or concealed, vehement hatred: (T:) or
the phrase in tho £ur, accord, to the former
reading, means they bend, or turn, their breasts,
or bosoms, from the truth; they turn themselves
away therefrom : or they incline their breasts, or
bosoms, to unbelief, and enmity to the Prophet :
or they turn their backs : (Bd :) [for] _ »UJ, (T,
S, Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (Msb,) and so tho
inf. n., (T, Msb,TA,) also signifies He turned
him, or it, away or bach. (T, S, Msb, TA.) Also
He turned him, or turned him away or back,
(Lth, T, S,) from the course that lie desired to
pursue, (Lth, T,) or from the object of his want :
(8 :) or you say, *»*^ i >* »Uj, (Mgh,) and &*
4^.U-, (TA,) and •>£• o*, (Msb,) he turned
him, or turned him away or bach, (Mgh, Msb,
TA,) from his course, (Mgh,) and/ro>n the object
of his want, (TA,) and from the object of his
desire. (Msb.) One says also, tiji ,J& ^ii ^ O***

*v4"i C>* Sb [& ue h a one """ noi ^ e iurne d> or
turned away or back, from his antagonist, nor
from his course]. (T.) — Also He tied it; or
tied it in a knot or knots; or tied it firmly, fast,
or strongly. (TA.) You say, Oei*~t ^e^s" *£**•>>
meaning, accord, to Af, as related by A 'Obeyd,
I bound both the fore legs of tlie camel with two
bonds: but correctly, I bound the two fore legs of
the camel with tlie two ends of a rope; the last
word meaning a single rope : (T :) u*?W *^*»
means J bound one of his fore shanks to the arm
with two ties, or tying*. (T, M.) — ^ [as
inf. n. of ^j] also signifies The act of drawing,
or joining, or adjoining, one [thing] to another;
(Lth, T, Mgh;) and so t !*£> [inf. n. of ,ji].

(Mgh.) [As J£& signifies " he took the third

of their property," and "he made them, with
himself, three," and other verbs of number are
used in similar senses, so] »UJ signifies He took
tlie half of their property : or he drew, or ad-
joined, to him what became with him two: (TA:)
or i^ii, (8, Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above,
(Msb,) signifies I became (8, Msb) to kirn, (8,)

Book I.]

or with him, (Msb,) a second; (S.Msb ;) or I
was a second to him, or it : (Er-Raghib:) or one
should not say thus, but that AZ says, (M,) yk
aJG j— I, (M, £ [but in the latter, I Jj> in the

place of ^*, and in the CK, td-Jlj,]) he is one,
and be thou a second to him. (M, K.) _ ^>,
aor. as above, also signifies He made eleven to be

twelve. (T in art. «£Jtf.) Jb'f)\ <Jh, inf. n.

as above, He turned over the land, or ground,
twice for sowing, or cultivating : (Mgh, and A*
and TA* in art. «£Jtf :) and * Lii [inf. n. of
j-J] and ij\tZJ [app. another inf. n. of .ji), and
app. correctly written jl(j] are often used by
[the Imam] Mohammad in the sense of LJ ^ : he
•who explains i— —3 as signifying the turning over
[the land, or ground,] /or sowing, or cultivating,
after the harvest, or as signifying the restoring
land to its owner turned over for sowing, or cul-
tivating, commits an inadvertence. (Mgh.)_
,-UjU, occurring in a poem of Kuthciyir ' Azzch,
is explained as meaning Then give thou tome a
second time : (M,TA:) but this is strange : (TA:)
[ISd says,] I have not seen it in any other in-
stance. (M.) __ s£JLi> ^jj ^j£i *$, (a phrase

mentioned by I Aur, M,) or w J L ^ "^ * .-ill "^,
or ii^ •$} *(^4i ^ J Bee 1 in ait - »£"&

2. iuJ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. 13, (?, K,)
7/c made it two ; or called it two. (S, M, Msb,
£.) [Hence,] ..^ means also He counted two;
whence the saying, «i«JU!j *>Jj ^^io £f)± ; see art.
wJtf : (A and TA in art. «£JU :) [and so, app.,
*" jjJl ; for] a poet says,

[which seems plainly to mean He began with my

father; then counted two with the fatlter of my

father]. (M.) __ [He dualized it, namely, a

word ; made it to have a dual. _ He marked it

with two points, namely, a O or a ^.] _ He

repented it ; iterated it. (Mgh.) See 1, in three

!• •*» ■#. ' * •

places. _ *j\»»y j-J, or Uj w » , jffe remained

(wo nights with hi* wife : and in like manner the

verb is used in relation to any saying or action.

(TA voce £t^.) — jH^ Jfc He did the thing

immediately after another thing. (T.) — 3fcgj
also signifies A man's requesting others [who are
playing with him at the game called j— **JI] to
return, for [a chance of] the stakes, his arrow,
when it has been successful, and he has been secure,
and lias won. (Lh, M.) = See also 4.

4. CrJtfl, or ?&£?<, She brought forth her
second offspring. (TA in art j£.) __ See also 1,

in two places ^i\, (inf. n. .Sufi, TA,) He

shed his tooth called the £J> ; (S, Mgh, Msb ;)
he became what is termed ~jS ; said of a camel
[ice]: (M,£:) he shed hit pJA 3 j [pi. of <U-*>|J
which is the same, in this case, as S^j] ; said of
a horse [fcc]. (I Aar, T.)«b«& J&, (T, S, M,
Mfb,S,&c.,) inf. n. fujl; (T;) and t^, j n f. „.

' 3, accord, to the K, but this is a mistake for

* JJi, inf. n. LIS; (TA ;) He praised, eulo-
gized, commended, or spoke well of, him : and he
dispraised, censured, discommended, or spoke ill
of, him : (T,* M, Msb, £ :) the object is either
God or a man : (T :) or it has the former mean-
ing only : (M, K ;) or the former meaning is
the more common : (Msb :) accord, to I Aar,
^^Sl signifies he spoke, or said, well, or good;
and ill, or evil; and jjSI, "he defamed," or
" did so in the absence of the object ;" and " he
disdained, scorned, shunned, disliked, or hated," a
thing : (T :) and you say, l^i. aJLc ^yjl [He
spoke, or said, well, or good, of him] ; (S, and

TA from a trad. ;) and \ji» [ill, or evil], also.

» *-•(
(TA from the same trad.) One says also, c~-'l
■»- • ■ * *

*Xai [I praised his deed] ; meaning dXxi , JU- :

-j« - , , *» * •*

or because ^yol means ~jl«. (Ham p. 696.)

5. jj^j: see 7 Also JETe affected an in-
clining of his body, or a bending, or Ac inclined
his body, or font, /rwn «'<fe to side ; syn. JjCj :
(Har pp. 269 and 271 :) and he walked with an
elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait, with
an affected inclining of the body from side to
side; or with a twisting of the back, and with
extended steps ; syn. j7m •?. (Idem p. 271.) You
say, A^i. ^ ,j£j (S, and Har p. 269) He
affected an inclining of his body, or a bending, or
he inclined his body, or bent, from side to side, in
his gait. (Har ib.) [And in like manner, and
more commonly, one says of a woman.]

7. ^t, (T, S, M,£,) and *JX, and t^l,
of the measure Jaiil, (M, £,) originally ^^iijl,
(M,) and *(V>i5t, (T, S, £,) of the measure
J*>*i1, (T, S,) ir www, or became, doubled, or
folded; (T;) it Aa</ on« part turned upon ano-
ther; (M, £;) ft roa*, or became, bent. (T, S.)
— [Hence,] ^ylil signifies also He turned, or
turned away or tacA, (Har pp. 44 and 120,)
>ol O* from an affair, after having determined
to do it (Lth in TA art «-.j.)

8 : see 7, and 4 : — and see also 2.

10.' a U . 7 , „ l i/e m( it aside as excluded; or Ae
excluded it, or excepted it ; .^yi &*from a thing;
syn. oliU. : (M :) or he set it aside, or apart, for
himself: and in the conventional language of the
grammarians, [he excepted it ; i. e.] he excluded
it from the predicament in which another thing
was included, or in which other things were in-
cluded: (Mgh:) i\lhL~$\ [in grammar] is the
turning away the agent from reaching the object
of the >UJLiI: (Msb:) in the case of an oath
[and the like], it means the saying JS)\ iii ,jl [If
God will]. (Mgh.) [See 0.]

12. ijjy3t : see 7 ; and see also 1.

yj3 A duplication, or doubling, of a thing:
(T,»S,Msb:) pi. SU3I j (S, Msb;) or the sing,
may be ^ lt Ji. (Msb.) — A folding: so in the
sayingi j.^% {Ji ^ &&, (S, TA,) or
\ji}^ (^ (j*i (so in a copy of the S,) i. e.,
aJo ^ [lit I sent, or transmitted, suck a tking
within the folding of my writing, or letter;
meaning infolded, or enclosed, in it; and included

3ff7

in it]. (S,TA.) A duplicature, or fold, of a

garment, or piece of cloth: (TA:) or what is
turned back of the extremities thereof: (T :) pi.
as above : whence, in a trad, of Aboo-Hureyreh,
<Ca* ^_y> SUil aJLc A^lt ^j\£> [He used to fold it
upon him infolds by reason of its width] ; mean-
ing the garment (TA.) [Hence the saying,]
1Jl£> •&! ,_,* Jiii &£>'}, i.e., supiA ^t [lit And
that mas in the folds, meaning, in the midst, of
such a thing, or suck an affair, or event]. (TA.)
And ji^l ;u5t ^ IjjU. They came in tA« wu'^t
of the affair, or event. (Msb.) [And hence,

R PP*>] cW' (>• i^ l*^** -" n ' i0ur t or a period,
or a »Aort portion, of the night passed; (M, r>;*)
syn. ial, (Th, M, £,) or cJj. (Lh, M, £.)
[See also what is said below respecting its pi. in
relation to a night.] — Also sing, of SUSI meaning
The parts of a tiling that are laid together like
tke strands of a rope, or that are laid one upon
another as layers or strata, or tide by side as the
things that compose a bundle; (»ly , and *3UU» ;
[rendered by Freytag " virtutes, facilitates rei ;"])
and '0^~*> of which the sing. is"5L~» and ~2uU,

signifies the same. (M,K.) Also A bending

of the neck of a sheep, or goat, not in consequence
of disease: (K : but in the M, .yj [inf. n. of 1]:)
and a serpent's bending, or folding, of itself : (M,
K :) and also (thus in the M, but in the K "or")
a curved part of a serpent that has folded itself;
(M,$;) pi. :t3l, (M,) i.e. the/t»W» of a coiled
serpent. (T.) The pi. is used metaphorically [as
though meaning I The turns] of a night. (M.
[But see explanations of the sing, as used in rela-
tion to a night in what precedes.] _ A part that
is bent, or folded, or doubled, of a 9-^3 [<!• v.] ;
(TA ;) pi. as above : (T, TA :) and so of a rope :
(S :) or a portion of the extremity of a rope
folded, or doubled, [so as to form a loop,] for
binding therewith the pastern of the fore leg of a
beast, to serve as a tether. (T.) Tarafeh says,

.. t, * t * - »• - ,!».,

[By thy life, death, while missing the ttrong
young man, it like tke tether that is slackened
while the two folded extremities thereof are upon
the fore leg, or in the hand: see Jyio] : (T, S :)
he means that the young man must inevitably die,
though his term of life be protracted ; like as the
beast, though his tether be lengthened and slack-
ened, cannot escape, being withheld by its two
extremities : (so in a copy of the T :) or by ol,-J '
he means its extremity; using the dual form
because it is folded, or .doubled, upon the pastern,
and tied with a double tie : (so in another copy of
the T :) or he means, while its two extremities
are in the hand of its owner : (EM p. 91 :) by
lk*.t U, he means «3lki.1 .J, (8 in art JU»,)
or 4jUaut.t Sjl* : and the J [prefixed to the J of
comparison] is for corroboration. (EM ubi supra.)
You say also, J~aJt ;U»I Jj,, meaning He made
loops in the middle of tke rope to put upon tke
neckt of tlte young lambs or kids. (T.)_Also
A bend, or place of bending, of a valley, (S, M,*
K,) and of a mountain: (S:) pi. as above: (M,

358

K :) and t^liu [likewise] signifies the bends of a
valley. (T, K.)™» A she-camel that has brought
forth twice, (S,) or two, (M,) or a second time :
(K:) or, as some say, that has brought forth
once: but the former is more analogical: (M :)
one docs not say «£Jb [as meaning " that has
brought forth thrice"], nor use any similar epithet
above this : (8, TA :) pi. &S, like jljli pi. of
*ju, accord, to Sb, (M, TA,) and !UJl accord, to
others : (TA :) in like manner it is applied to a
woman, (S, M,) metaphorically : (M :) and to
the she-camel's second young one : (8, M :) accord,
to As, as related by A'Obeyd, a she-camel that
has brought forth once: also that has brought
forth twice : [so Bays Az, but he adds,] but what
I have heard from the Arabs is this ; that they
term a she-camel that has brought forth her first
young ono jJO ; and her first young one, her jL>;
and when she brought forth a second, she is
tinned L _ J J ; and her young one, her .yS : and
this is what is correct. (T.) [Hence the saying,]

Cj *£) & <&* J**9' !«** U t This thing, or
affair, is not thy first nor thy second. (A and T A
in art. j£j.) _— See also oW*-*-

ijS : see ^3, first sentence.

^f-> • >ee l ^J:__and see also ^jl^ : __ and

ifi The repetition of a thing ; doing it one
time after another : (Aboo-Sa'ecd, TA :) or a
thing, or an affair, done twice : (8, Msb, TA :)
this is tho primary signification : (TA :) and ♦ J
signifies the same. (IB, TA.) It is said in a
trad., iijuoJI ^J ^jS *) There shall be no repeti-
tion in the taking of the poor-rate ; (IAth, TA;)
[i. e.] the poor-rate shall not be taken twice in one
year : (As, Ks, T, 8, M, Mgh, K :) or two she-
camels shall not be taken in the place of one for
the poor-rate : (M, IAth,KL:*) or there shall be
no retracting of an alms ; or no revoking it :
(Mgh, K,* TA :) this last is tho meaning accord,
to Aboo-8a'eed, (Mgh, TA,) i. e. Ed-Dareeree,
(Mgh,) who, in explaining this trad., as relating
to the giving an alms to a man and then desiring
to take it back, says he does not deny that .*i5
has the meaning first assigned to it above in this
paragraph. (TA.) _ See also jUJ : __ and

l^yJ and \^$y£ : see l^, in four places.

i~J : see IgSJ, in three places.

it-j The lowest, most ignoble, or meanest, of the
people of his house ; applied to a man. (8, TA.)
_ Also pi. of oW* 1* v « (8, K.)

leJ a subst from !uL-!l ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as
bJbo I^JyJ ; the former with damm, and the latter
with fet-h : (S, Msb :) both are syn. with &,?:,', I
[used as a subst., meaning An exception]; (T;)
as also t <£$, (T, K,) or ♦ ilii, (accord, to one
copy of the T,) and * £^g& : (T :) bo in the
saying, \& \^ ^--J Lu*j sj*m and *^£>^ and

♦ alo or t ijj and ♦ &y~e [he swore an oath in
which there mas not an exception] ; for when the
swearer says, " By God I will not do such and
such things unless God will otherwise," he re-
verses what he [first] says by God's willing other-
wise: (T: [see 10:]) [and so in the saying,]
" &jy~o OlJ jfi i/UL»- a wearing not made
lawful [by an exception] : (M :) [so too in the
saying,] * ify~o &+» U *-j [and l^ &c] (K in

art. 9-aJ) a sale in which there is not an excep-

''1
Hon : (TA in that art. :) or UJ signifies a thing

excepted, (M, Mgh, K,) whatever it be; (K;) as
also *\£y$, (M, K,) with _j substituted for ^g,
(M,) or \£>i>, (so in the TA, [but probably
through inadvertence,]) and * i^o, (M,K,) or

♦ i~J. (TA.) In a sale, it is unlawful when it is
the exception of a tiling unknown ; and when one
sells a slaughtered camel for a certain price and
excepts the head and extremities : (T, TA :) or
when an exception is made from things sold
without measuring or weighing or numbering:
and in a contract with another for labour upon
land on the condition of sharing the produce, it is
when one excepts a certain measure after the half
or the third. (IAth, TA.) The saying of Mo-

ham mad, »l~J eSi ,.•*-'„ A ,j-» means Whoso
maketh an exception, his shall be what lie ex-
cepteth : (M, TA :•) as, for instance, when one
says, " I divorce her thrice, save once :" or " I
emancipate them, except such a one." (TA.) —
It also means particularly The head and legs of a
slaughtered camel ; (T, M,* K ;) because the
seller of the camel used, in the Time of Igno-
rance, to except them; (T;) and IF adds, but
incorrectly, the back-bone : (Sgh, TA :) whence,

applied to a she-camel, LxLM »jf->j*», (T, M,)
meaning Resembling the make of the male in [the
largeness of] her head and legs ; (Th, M ;) or

UiJI iJU*?-, having thick legs, like those of the
male camel in thickness. (T.) [Also, app., The
exception, or omission, of a day, in irrigation :
see 3 in art wJ^, and <iJu in the same art] And

* i~J signifies also A palm-tree that is excepted
from a bargain. (M, It.) And The martyrs
whom God has excepted from those who shall fall
down dead or swooning : (M, K :) these, accord.

to Kaab, are voj*}\ ^ <ifil "4^ [those whom
God has excepted on tlie earth] ; (T, M ;) alluded
to in the Kur [xxxix. 68], where it is said, "And
the horn shall be blown, and those who are in the
heavens and those on the earth shall fall down
dead, or swooning, except those whom God shall
please [to except]." (T.)

£)\e£ The second chief; the person who comes
second as a chief; (A'Obeyd, T;) the person
who is [next] below the j~->, (S, M, K, [in some
copies of the K, erroneously, J*-,]) in rank;
(S;) as also tjb (A'Obeyd, T,S, M, ?) and
tJU (A'Obeyd, T, S, 5) and O: (£:) pi.
(of the first, S) i^> [which is also a sing., men-
tioned above]. (S, K.) [See an ex. in a verse
cited voce Jj^.]_A man having no judgment
nor intelligence, or understanding. (M, K.) —
Applied to judgment, or an opinion, (M, K,)

[Book I.

t Wrong, or having a wrong tendency ; (M ;)
bad, corrupt, unsound, or wrong. (K,TA.) =

Also a pi. of ^ [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.)

& *t * ^ #•

ijyiS rel.n. of o^->\, and of^le Ljt, when

either or these is used as the proper name of a
man ; as also *i*~>\ [with I when connected with

a ~ & .

a preceding word] ; like \Jy^ and ,^1 as rel. ns.

of^l. (S.) And ijlylM [The Dualists;] the

sect who assert the doctrine of Dualism [ < L;,.J'jl].
(TA.)

tU, [and accord, to the CK, iuJ, but this is a

'1*. * ■*! "i*

mistranscription for i*£3 9 inf. n. of ^yj, and «^J
is a mistake for Of.--', inf. n. of ^^J, (see 4,)]
Praise, eulogy, or commendation, (T, S, M, Msb,
£,) of a man, (T,M,) and of God: (T.) and
dispraise, censure, or discommendation, (T, M,
Ms b, £,) of a man : (T, M :) or the former only :
(M, K:) or more frequently the former : (Msb :)
so termed because it is repeated : (Ham p. 696 :)
that it relates to good speech and evil is asserted
by many. (TA.)

•Ui and >Uj : see .yu*.

tUJ The cord, or rope, with which a earners
fore shank and his arm are bound together ; (S,
K ;) and the like ; consisting of a folded, or
doubled, cord, or rope : each of the folds, or
duplicatures, thereof would be thus termed if tho
word were used in the sing, form : (S :) Ibn-Es-
Seed [in the CK, erroneously, Ibn-Es-Seedeh]
allows it; and therefore it is given as on his
authority in the K : (TA :) and Lth allows it ;
but in this instance he allows what the Arabs do
not allow: (T:) you say, ^>~;U^ ^olJI wJLS*,
meaning / bound together the fore shanks and
the arms of the camel with a rope, (S,) or with
two ropes, (M, [but this is probably u mistake of
a copyist,]) or with the two ends of a rope ; (AZ,
T, S, Mj) without • because the word has no
sing. : (Kh, Sb, T, S :) Lth allows one's saying
^jjXll also; but the Basrccs and Koofees [in
general] agree that it is without • : (T :) IB says
that it has no sing, because it is a single rope,
with one end of which one fore leg is bound, and
with the other end the other leg ; and IAth says
the like : (TA :) this rope is also called * <u& ;
but a single rope for binding one fore shank and
arm is not thus called. (T.) See also <uUj. _
And see ,jl». = The »Ui [or court, or open or
wide space, in front, or extending from the sides,]
(M, K,) of a house : (M :) [in the CK, JLAJI is
erroneously put for JUJI:] accord, to IJ, from
.jit, aor. <j£>, because there one is turned back,
by its limits, from expatiating; but A'Obeyd
holds the £i to be a substitute for \J. (M.)

8 - i<

i_ij Shedding his tooth called the i~J [q. v.] :

(6, M, Msb :) or that has shed the tooth so called:
(T, Mgh :) applied to a camel &c., as follows :
(T, S, M, &c. :) or, as some say, to any animal
that has shed that tooth, except man : (M :) fem.
with S : (T, S, M, Msb, K :) a camel in the sixth
year; (T, S, M, IAth, Mgh, Msb, K;) the least

Book I.]

age at which he may be sacrificed : (T :) and a
horse t'n the fourth year; (IAar,T, Mgh,K ;) or
in the third year : (S, Msb :) and a cloven-hoofed
animal, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or a sheep or goat and
an animal of the bovine kind, [respecting which
last see y»to,] (T, IAtli, K,) t'n the third year:
(T, S, I Ath, Mgh, Ms b, K :) or a sheep and a
goat, (M,) the latter accord, to the persuasion of
Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], (TA,) t'n the second year:
(M :) and a gazelle after the age at which he is
termed c Jw. : (M : [see j-cLi :]) in all cases,
after what is termed fj»- and before what is
termed cl^ : (Mgh:) pi. (masc.,S,TA) oW' 1 -'
and :UJ (S, M, Mgh, Msb) and *&j, and, accord,
to Sb, Jj ; (M ;) and pi. fcm. 0&5. (S.)

i-i A i -t

,jZi\, or ^1 : see &tiH.

3& I.q.Zj*; (AA, M, Mgh, £ :) or the
latter means a long mountain that lies across the
road, and which the road traverses; and the
former, any such mountain that is traversed:
(T :) so called because it lies before the road, and
crosses it; or because it turns away him who
traverses it: (Mgh:) or the road of what is
termed iJic : (S ; and so in copies of the K :) or
« high road of what is thus termed : (1£ accord,
to the TA :) or a road in, or upon, a mountain,
(M,K,) like that which is termed *-Ju [q. v.] :
(M:) or a road to a mountain: (M, K:) or a
mountain (M, K) itself: (M :) or a part of a
mountain that requires one, in traversing it, to
ascend and descend; as though it turned the
course of journeying : (Er-Raghib, TA :) pi. l^L^ :
(T, S :) which signifies also [such roads as are
termed] ~-jlj~e. (T.) Hence the phrase, O^*

IjUJLII t*^J» Such a one rises to eminences, or to
lofty things or circumstances, or to the means of
attaining such things ; like the phrase **«~>l c^d>

[q. v.] : (S :) or, like tlie latter phrase, is accus-
tomed to embark in, or undertake, or to surmount,
or master, lofty and difficult things : (Mgh :) or
it hardy, strong, or sturdy ; one who embarks in,
or undertakes, great affairs. (TA. [See an ex.
under the heading of "^j*. ,j^t, in art. ^JU. : and

see also art. *U».]) Also, '(T, S, M, &c.,) pi.

ClI3 (T, S, Mgh, Msb) and O&J, (Msb,) One of
certain teeth, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, ]£,) the fore-
most in the mouth, (M,) [namely, tlie central
incisors,] four in number, (T, M, Mgh, Msb,) to
man, and to the camel, (T, M, &c.,) and to the
wild beast, (M,) tn the fore part of the mouth,
(T, Mgh,K,) two above and two below: (T, M,
Mgh, K :) so called as being likened to the lib
of a mountain, in form and hardness; (TA ;) or
because each of them is placed next to its fellow.

(Mgh.) sa. Also fem. of *J [q.v.]. (T,S,M,
&c.) = See also l^b, in five places.

1*1*4 "

i^U» A cord, or rope, of goats' hair ( jJti), or
of wool, (S, K,) or of other material; (K;) as
also t JUJ (K) and t IuL and * ilL ; (M, £ ;)
which last is explained by IAar as signifying
[simply] a cord, or rope: (M:) [or] the first
has the meaning assigned to it above, voce !UJ ;

syn. with (J^ttf : and signifies also a long rope ;
whence the saying of Zuheyr, describing the [she-
camel termed] a-jL^,

• UU3 lilj M iiuLjt o-» *

(T,) meaning [She draws the well-rope, and
causes to run,] with her <ulb upon her, (ISk, T,)
[a wabbling, unsteady, sheave (?) of the large
pulley;] the i»L$ here being a ro/>e of which the
two ends are tied to the saddle (* r --') of the
ioU ; the [upper] end of the well-rope being tied
to its t SU£« [which here means the folded middle
part] : (T :) but Aboo-Sa'ced says that it [here]
means a piece of wood by which are connected the
two extremities of the checks, or side-pieces, Qiji»
v ^ e JL»JI, [the latter of which words I here render
conjecturally, supposing it to be similar in mean-
ing to y*i}\ or (jjyii)!,]) above the 4)L~o, and
a similar piece below ; the i!U~« and [qu. or]
the sheave turning between the two pieces thus
called. (T, in a later portion of the art.)

(JUJ [a rel. n. from ,jL5t, anomalously formed,
but analogous with other rel. ns. from ns. of
number, as ,y^b, j^Wj* &c., Of, or relating to,
two things], __ i-jU> 5^Jl£=> vl jtotv/ comprising,
or composed of, two letters; as ju, and » [or>o ?].
(TA.)

-•* 'if

^Ui» a fem of ^U»l, q. v.

^U [act. part. n. of 1 ; Doubling, or folding ;

* 3' ft * *J*

&,c.]. Hence, aAa-j ^jb ykj While lie was bending
his leg before rising, or standing up. (TA from a
trad.) [And aiLs. .Jtf zU- : sec art. ijkha .]
One says of a horseman who has bent the neck of
his beast on the occasion of his vehement running,
^)U0t ^jiO iU. [He came bending the rein by
pulling it with both hands a little apart] : (T :)
or dJLe ^j^ Ub iU. [he came bending a part of
his rein J. (S.) And of the horse himself, one
says, U3u U^L> ;U., i. e. JETe came outstripping,
with bent neck, by reason of briskness; because
when he is fatigued, he stretches out his neck ; and
when he is not fatigued nor jaded by running,
but comes in his first run, he bends his neck :
and hence the saying of the poet,

t$ ' * l J ' ft ' o , *

i. e. [And he who glories in the like of my father
and my grandfather, let him come before the
mares that outstrip,] he being like the horse that
outstrips [all others], with bent neck; or it may
mean, he bending the neck of his horse which has
outstripped the others. (T.) [Hence also,] »U
<£il3 A sheep, or goat, bending the neck, not in
consequence of disease. (M,K.)^[Also Second;
the ordinal of two : fem. with ».] You say, IjJk

mt **

IJuk .JIj [This w the second of this] ; i. e. this is
what has made this a pair, or couple: (M:) and
O** (T) or Oft (S) g#f jti, (T,S,) i. e.
Such a one, or </tts, m [the second of two, or] one
of tlie two; (T,S;) like as you say ii^Li «iJli ;
and so on to S^lc : but not with tenween : (S :)

359

•:if

[i. e.,] you may not say Oe^ 1 ^U : (T : [see
»iJtf :]) but if the two [terms] disagree, you may
use either mode ; (S ;) you may say, IJ* (S) or
^ (Mgh) j-»lj J>U and ijLlj o$, (?, Mgh,)

* ** ' * * -_

i. e. This has become a second to one, (S,) [or
rather, becomes &c. (i. e. ( _ J ij rather than ^j^),]
or /jc, or it, makes one, with himself, or itself, to
be two. (Mgh.) *«Ui also signifies tlie same in
a trad, respecting the office of commander, or

4 - . ' 'lit

governor, or prince ; where it is said, JU^jU lyljl

* * • * £ **• S*"J *•* *"j'* A** 1* ** * * * "*A *

Jj* v^ "^1 ioUUI ve^J w»IJ* lyJ^JJ ieljJ UJLjj,

i. e. [TVic ,/frrf result thereof it blame, and] the
second [is regret, and] the third [is the punish-
ment of the day of resui~rection, except in the
case of him who acts equitably] : so says Sh.

(T.) And ^jjl^lll [pi. of i^idjl] signifies [The

second horns;] the horns that arc [next] after

ike JSljI. (M.) [jik JiU and £>i* iLilJ,

the former masc. and the latter fem., meaning
Twelfth, arc subject to the same rules as »i«JO
jls. and its fcm., explained in art wJJ.]

!U>I pi. of ,-J and of ^LJl : and also syn.
with this latter, q. v.

I J S -;

^jj\ : sec ij}H.

£)\£\ a noun of number; (S, Msb ;) a]>plicd to
the dual number; (Msb;) meaning [Two;] the
double of «*»-bj ; (M, K ;) with a conjunctive I
[when not immediately preceded by a quiescence,
written O^'J '> (*">?, Msb;) but this is some-
times made disjunctive when connected with a
preceding word by poetic license : (T, S :) of the
masc. gender : *(S :) fem. 0^*'» 0". ?, Msb,) in
which, also, the I is conjunctive ; (T, Msb ;) and
♦ (jUb ; (T S, M, Msb, K ;) the latter sometimes
used, (T,) [much less frequently than the former,
though the only fcm. form mentioned in the M
and K,] and of the dial, of Tcmeem ; (Msb ;)
like as one says, ^/$j i^l ^j* and <Ui^ ^yk: (T:)
the Ct in the dual is a substitute for the final
radical, ^j, (M,TA,) as it is in \^->\, the only
other instance of this substitution except in words
of tlie measure J*ill : (Sb, M, TA :) in ^L^'i
the final radical, (_$, is suppressed : (Msb :) it
has no sing.: (Lth,T:) if it were allowablo to

assign to it a sing., it would be ^1 [for the

«ft • • •«•

masc.] and iJl [for the fem.], like ^1 and iyl :

(S :) accord, to some, (Msb,) it is originally
^j ; (T, Msb, CK1 ;) and hence the dual q& :
(Msb :) or it is originally ^iJ, (M, Msb, and so
in a copy of the K,) the conjunctive 1 being then
substituted for the ^, whence the dual O^C
like ^Uyl : (Msb :) this is shown by the form of
its pi., which is :&'(, (M, £,) like fujl [pi. of
ru\, which is originally ,V* or yj,] and JU.I
[pi. of Ami, which is originally ^.\]. (M.) In
the saying in the ]£ ur [xvi. 63], 0<J\ » > J *V !i3 "9
yj4->\ [Take not to yourselves two gods], the last
word is added as a corroborative. (M.) The
phrase J*** t«J occurs, by poetic license, for

J&+- (>• 0^'> meaning ,jUUau*. [Two colo-

360

»»;i i • »

eyn/A<]. (S.) You say also, ►jJUl t;Uil
and ~J*ll I.U ^yA J^/ji, meaning [I drank]
twice at much at tlie bowl, and at this bowl : and
in like manner, J^oJI jl* .yjl C-,>i> and o^'
•a^JI •*•* [I drank twice the quantity ofthej*
of El- Basrah]. (M.) And a poet says,

mcnning [And die wat not milked save] three
vessels and two, [nor mat the given her midday-
drink tave when her midday-retting wat near.]
(lAar, M.)— -Hence, (Msb,) J^\ J£ t (S,
Msb,) or O^l alone, (M, £,) One of the dayt
of the week; [tke second; namely, Monday;]
l>ecause the first, with the Arabs, is J*.^! ; (M ;)
as also * L ^1)I, like .Jl ; ($ ;) so in the copies

of the £ ; [or,] accord, to some, T ,viJI, [origi-
nally ^yLlt,] of the measure Jyu, like iCji
[pi. of (jjja], is used in this sense ; (TA ;) or
*\£l\ J»yJ\, [so in tho M, accord, to the TT,]
mentioned by Sb, on the authority of certain of
the Arabs: (M.) the pi. is Stiff and 0*il5l, (M,
K,) tho latter mentioned on the authority of Th :
but it has no dual : and those who say JUI form
this pi. from i>>^l, although this has not been in
use : (M :) or it has neither dual nor pi., (S,
Mfb,) being itself a dual; (S ;) but if you would
form a pi. from it, you would regard it as itself a
■ing., and make its pi. &JW : (S, Mfb :) IB says
that o*^' has not been heard [from the Arabs],
and is only mentioned by Fr, on* the ground of
nnalogy ; that it is far-fetched in respect of analogy ;
and that the pi. heard is lUSl : Seer and others
mention, as heard from the Arabs, ;Li^l _-j -J tS\
[Verily hefattt on the Mondayt]. (TA.) ^x^l
in i^eij'ill j>yt has no dim. (Sb, S in art. ^-«t.)
IJ says that the article Jl in ^^e-J*})' is not re-
dundant, though the word is not an epithet:
Abu-1-' Abbas says that the prefixing of the article

in this case is allowable because the virtual mcan-

4 "'

ing is ^lill j^j\ [the tecond day]. (M.) The

saying ^Uj^I >^JI means The name of to-day [it
(jUJ^I] ; and is like the saying o^yi >>e" [to-day
is two days] and^-Ul ±y» jJU- H,.»i. j>y£\ [to-day
is fifteen of the month], (Sb, M.) Sometimes,
i^il j>yi, without the article Jl, occurs in poetry.
(M, J£.) When a pronoun refers to (jLi^l [as
meaning Monday], this word may be treated in
two ways, [bs a sing, and as a dual,] but the more
chaste way is to treat it as a sing., as meaning
the day : (Msb :) [thus,] Aboo-Ziydd used to say,
*e* W 0^*5)' u* 1 [ Monday pasted with what
occurred in it] ; making it sing, and masc. ; and
thus he did in the case of every day of the week,
except that he made i***JI fern. : Abu-1- Jarrdb.
used to say, l**** l**> ,jLj^I yj^», treating the
word as a numeral ; and thus he treated the third
and fourth and fifth days, saying in each of these
cases ^*W (M.) ££* Uil, fern. *jjj£ tall]

respectively, in a case of nasb and khafd, jJU .Jul
and S^lfr u***' > an ^ ^"^ ' when not immediately
preceded by a quiescence ; mean Twelve : see

8 -X , - ,

i^yjl, [with I when not immediately preceded

by a quiescence, in the CKL erroneously written
\jyj\,] One who fasts alone on the second day of
the week. (lAar, Th, M, K.)

i u ^ i -J'jl [The doctrine of dualism : sec ^y$ ].
(TAO '

JL (S, Mgh) and t ftjj (T, S) [Two and
two; two and two together; or two at a time and
two at a time] : they are imperfectly decl., in like

manner as [w~Uo and] -If^i, as explained in art.
w-JLj ; (S, TA ;) [because] changed from the ori-
ginal form of J& o^l 5 (T, Mgh, TA ;) or
because of their having the quality of epithets and
deviating from the original form of ^tJl ; (Sb, S
in art wJU, q. v. ;) or because they deviate from
their original as to the letter and the meaning ;
the original word being changed as above stated,
and the meaning being changed to ^U>l ^jUil.
(S ibid.) You say, ^Jii Ijjli. and *&£ (M, K)
or ^jil- ^j£c, (S,) but this is a repetition of the
word only, not of the meaning, (Mgh,) and in
like manner one says of women, (M, K,*) i. e.
They came two [and] two. (S, M, K.) And it is
said in a trad., ^yiio ^^JU J^JUI 4*^0, i. e. The
prayer of night it two rek'ahs [and] two rek'aht

(Ot*£»J 0^»j)- ( TA t See a,8 ° otner exs -
voce ^j^j.] — ^jU^)I tf£* The repeating a
benefit, or benefaction; or reiterating it; con-
ferring it twice, or thrice; (As, T,£;) or twice,
or more than twice : (K :) or the tharet remaining
of the slaughtered camel (A'Obeyd,T, S, M, K)

in the game called jJ£ft, (A'Obeyd,T, S,£,)
which shares a bountiful man used to purchase,

and give for food to the jAjfl, (A'Obeyd, T,S,
M, K,) i. e., those who took no part in the game,
not contributing : (M :) or the taking a portion

time after time. (AA, T, S, M.) O& ["■ P 1 -

of ,<~^> as signifying A place of doubling, or
folding &c. : and hence means __] The knees
and elbows of a horse or similar beast. (T, T£..)
And The bends of a valley. (T, K. See J^J.)

M* I'

_And, as pi. of ^ji**, The chords of the lute that
are after the first : (M, IS. :) or ^jl* signifies
a chord [of a lute] composed of two twists : or,
as some say, the second chord. (Har p. 244. See
«£J£*.) _ ^j^o also signifies The j\*j [or nose-
rein] of a she-camel: and Er-Rdghib says that
the »Llo [i. e. ♦ SU-» or T »U~»] is the doubled, or
folded, part of the extremity of the >Uj. (TA.)
^^yUoJI as relating to the Kur-dn is pi. of ^j~-o,
(Mgh,) or of * IliiU : (AHeyth, T, Mgh :) it has
three applications, accord, to A'Obeyd: (T,Mgh :)
it signifies The Kur-dn altogether; (A'Obeyd,
T, S, M, Mgh, K;) so in the Klur xxxix 24;
(A'Obeyd, T, Mgh;) meaning that the mention
of reward and punishment is repeated, or reite-
rated, in it; (Fr, T;) or so called because the

Book I.

verse of mercy is conjoined with that of punish-
ment; (S;) or because narratives and promises
and threats are repeated in it; or because one
peruses it repeatedly without being wearied :
(Mgh :) or it signifies, (M,K,) or signifies also,
(A'Obeyd, T, §, Mgh,) [thefirtt chapter, called]
tke -UJli, (A'Obeyd,T,S,M,Mgh,) or jlUji,
(K,) which means the same; (TA;) so in tho
J£ur xv. 87; (A'Obeyd, T, Mgh;) because it is
repeated, or recited twice, in every [act of prayer
termed a] Jul^, (Fr, Zj, AHeyth, T, S,) or with
every chapter, (Th, M,) or in every prayer;
(Mgh;) or because containing praise of God:
(Zj, T, Mgh :) [but see ,j»t£)! illll voce A«I_ :]
or it signifies, (M,K,) or signifies also, (A'Obeyd,
T, S, Mgh,) the chapters that ape lest than those
containing a hundred verses, (S, M, Mgh,) or

that are less than the long ones (J^kJI, q. v.),
and less than those containing a hundred verses,
(A'Obeyd.T, K, but in [most of] the copies of
the K. ,^>«jW1 &)} is put in tho place of ^mS*II Oi>>
which is the right reading, TA,) and more than
[those of the portion called] the J«cuL», (A 'Obeyd,
T, Mgh.K,) ns is related on the authority of the
Prophet by Ibn-Mcs'ood and 'Othmdn and Ibn-
'Abbds; (AHeyth, T;) because, (Mgh,) or as
though, (T,) occupying the second place after
those containing a hundred verses: (T, Mgh:) or
the chaptert, (T, K,) six and twenty in number,
(T,) entitled *»aJI and u a*aii\ and J^Jt and

jy$\ and Juu^)l and ^>.y» and Cty&aiX and
jt}jf\ and ^-. U and ij\iji)\ and ^mJI and

jbcjlt and U— and iC"iL»JI and y^\^j\ and jLs

m * J to' * t » 1

and ,*> ffc * and sj^> and wijJOl and O- *^ an ^

**jj6*j}\ and 5»Xa. Jl and JU»- N JI and a^JUJI and

OU-JJI (T, K) and v'j*-*^ 1 . (K,) which last has
been omitted by the copyists of the T : (TA :) or
the chapters of' which the first is the Sjij, and the

last is ii\ff : or what is repeated, of the Kur-dn,
time after time. (M,K.)

5UL»; pi. ,jUo: sec ^-o : and<uUi: and^-iio;
the last in two places. __ It is said in a trad, that
one of the signs of the resurrection will be the
public reading, or reciting, of the 3Li«, (T, S,)
which means That which hat been desired to be
transcribed from a source other than the Book of
God: (T:) or a certain booh, (T, £,) [the
Mishna,] which the learned men, and the recluses,
of the Children of Israel, after Moses, composed
after their own desire, from a source other than
the Booh of God, as A 'Obeyd says on the
authority of a man learned in the books of the
earlier times, (T,) containing the histories of the
Children of Israel after Moses, in which they
allowed and disallowed what they pleased : (K :)
or what is sung : (]J :) or what is called in Per~
sian ^u _ji, (8, K,) which means two verses,
each compoted of a pair of hemistichs ; (TA ;)
i. e. what is tung ; but A 'Obeyd explains it

otherwise than thus : (S :) it is what is known

* 8 *I *
among tke 'Ajam by tlie term " ^£y**», as though

this were a rel. n. from Slu* : the vulgar say

[erroneously] c-^ ji, with the pointed i. (TA.)

Book I.]

ilio ; pi. o& : see ^ : and £& ; the latter
in two places : and see also ^j£»-

&■>

(J JU [pass. part. n. of 2.— Dualized: a dual.
_ijy iCie Marked with two point* above:
an epithet added to .0" to prevent its being mis-
taken for .0, or »U or .0.. And Ij m J »Ui* Marked
with two points below : an epithet added to .b to
prevent its being mistaken for A/ or »U or »b.]

,j£j\ J-!>£jl + That which posset away [out

of sight, or disappears,] by length; mostly used
of a thing that is long without breadth. (TA.)

3 •-

,-£• [pnss. part. n. of 1 ; Doubled or folded

tec] — 3^L» ^jt Land, or ground, turned over
twice for sowing, or cultivating. (Mgh, and A
and TA in art. £J3.)

i - * ' * ' " -

{jyZ* : sec «UU.

<by«« : sec Ui>, in four places.

»y [mentioned in the M under the head of

y, as the radical letters, but in the T and K

**
in art. t^y,] sing, of <jy, (IAar, T,K,) which

latter, (IAar,T,) or the former, (]£,) signifies The

goods, or utensils and furniture, of a house or tent :

( I Aar, T, K :) or the former, pieces of rag made in

the form of a ball of thread or siring, upon a peg,

or stake, upon which the skin of milk is agitated to

mahe butter, lest it should become lacerated; as

3 i
also * ^_$y ; (M, K. ;) which latter we hold to be

from 3 y because syn. with ey, like Sy : (ISd in
the M :) or a piece of rag, which is moistened,
and put upon the skin of milk wken it is agitated
to make butter, lest it should become lacerated :
(T :) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (M,)
« piece of rag, (M, K,) or some wool wound upon
the head of a peg, or stake, (IB,TA,) put beneath
the shin of milk wken it is agitated to make
butter, in order to preserve it from being injured

by the ground; (M,IB,K;) pi. ^y: (IB,TA:)
or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (M,) an
elevated and a rugged spot, upon which, sovte-
'imes, stones are set up in order that one may be
directed thereby to the right way ; (M, J£ ;) like
iyo. (M. Sec also 3u\j, in art. ^$y.)

^y : sec above.

V

>•%.*

4. >n-~> <bbt, (S in art. 0, [incorrectly there
mentioned, as is said by IB and others and in
the K,] and K in the present art. and in art.
01,) inf. n. S.bt , (S,) I shot him, or shot at him,
with an arrow ; (S, K ;) so says AA, and Ks
says the like ; (S ;) as also <Oy I, and, accord,
to Af, a^jI, (TA in art. b,) which is a strange
word. (TA in the present art.) It is mentioned
in the present art. by Sgh ; (K in art. u!;) and
this is its proper place ; (TA in the present art ;)
the verb, accord, to him, being like >l$l : (TA
in art. Ul :) A'Obeyd has mentioned it in art Ul,
Blcl.

LT 3 — V* 3
(K. in that art,) as also Az ; holding the verb
to be like iii ; and so Il£tt and IKoot assert
it to be. (TA.)

JO The name of the letter £>, q. v. ; aa also 13 :
pi. [of the former,] oCU ; and [of the latter,]
\\$\ and $$\. (TA in i^UI uU^I ^>\i.) = It

also stands for XJ, and v'y» and tn0 nke -
(Idem ubi supra.) =s Also The best of anything;
as, for instance, of wheat, and of flesh-meat", and
of sugar. (Kh, TA ubi supra.)

3 ' 3 —

,«5b and .j^tf rel. ns. of HJ and 13, the names

' ' 3 .-

of the letter «1> ; as also ^^J. (TA ubi supra.)

1. J6, (T,S,M,&c.,) aor. 4»yi, (?,Mgh,
&C.,) inf. n. vy (S,M,M ? b,K) and O& (?)
and w>?y\ (M, !£,) -He, or. it, (a thing, M,) re-
turned; (M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also toy,
inf. n. yjyj : (M, K :) he returned to a place
to which he had come before; or it returned
&c. : (T :) he (a man) returned, after he had
gone away. (S.) You say, lyb jgt lyyj I. e.
[They became separated, or dispersed: then] they
returned. (A.)___*Dt ^1 «_A3, like ,l»b, \ lie
returned [from disobedience] to obedience to

God; he repented; as also v^'- (*•)■■" *r "*
also signifies t He returned to a state of adver-
tency, or vigilance ; or he had his attention

roused. (Th, T.) Also t He returned to a

state of health, or soundness : (TA, from a trad. :)
he became convalescent, and fat, after leanness.
(Mgh.) And ill*, v 1 *. (M» A » ?») inf - '»•
OWii;(M,Ii:;) and 1^. t^l- (IKt,M;)
and A^l». d^'l w>U; (T,M,A;) and *w*0l,
alone; (S, M, A;) J He became fat, after lean-
ness ; (A ;) hit good state of body returned to
him ; (S, M, ^£ ;*) his condition of body became
good, after extenuation ; and health, or sound-
ness, thereof returned to him. (T.) _ *JI w>l3
aJJU J [His reason, or intellect, returned to him]:
and *^Jm> [his forbearance, or clemency]. (A,)_

iloJl v^ t The water of a well returned, or
collected again : (T :) the water attained again
its former state after some had been drawn :
(M :) the water collected [again] in a watering-
trough, or tank. (SO — ^UI w>l3 f The people
collected themselves together, and came. (S.)
And ^oyUI «,»U t The company of men came
following one another : the verb is not used in
this sense in speaking of one person. (M.)_._>13
said of a man's property, I It became abundant,
and collected. (A.) _ Said of dust, t it rose, or
spread, or diffused itself, and became abundant.
(A.) _ Said of a watering-trough, or tank, (T,
M, A, £,) inf. n. vi* (AZ.T, M,$) and ^Wy
(AZ, T) and !>$, (M, K,) lit became full:
(AZ,T,M,A,$:) or nearly full. (AZ,T,M,$.)

2. vy > i°f. n. yjjJ : see 1, first sentence.
_ Vm\tm6i jtjv «_>y t [He returned to a state of
richness, or competence, after poverty, or strait-
neu, or being in an evil condition]. (A, TA.) __

S61

£5 meaning The calling, or tummoning,
(M,'Mgh,£,) to prayer, (M, K,) and to other
things, (M,) is said to be from w>y " a garment,"
(Mgh,) because a man, when he comes crying
out for aid, makes a sign with his garment, (SI,
Mgh,) moving it about, raising his hand with it,
in order that he to whom he calls may sec it,
(Mgh,) and this action is like a calling, or sum-
moning, (M, Mgh,) and an announcing, to him ;
so the calling, or summoning, by reason of fre-
quent usage of this word [as meaning the making
a sign with a garment], came to be thus called;
and one said of the caller, or summoncr, w>y :
(Mgh :) or it means the calling, or tummoning,
twice ; (M, K ;) or the repeating a call or tum-
mons; from ^ti "he returned:" (Mgh:) you
say, Syi, inf. n. as above, (T, Msb,) meaning
he called, or summoned, one time after another ;
(T ;) he repeated his call, or cry : (Msb :) and
hence ^*>y3 in the ^!>l ; (T, Msb ;) i. e., the
taying of the ^y*, after having, by the o'i'»
called the people to prayer, 4I1I j fi * *} •>*M
4^LaJI [Prayer : may God have mercy on you !
Prayer !] ; thus calling to it a second time : (T:)
or his saying, (S, TA,) in the morning call to
prayer, (S,) JiyJt o-» J**- &-*»» [Prayer is
better than sleep] ; (S, TA ;) for he resumes his
call by saying this after he has said, ^£* yj+-
H^dl [and ^)Si\ yj*^-]i desiring the people
to hasten to prayer : (TA :) or his saying, in the
morning call to prayer, >»yll O** J^" S^-*"
twice, (T, K,) after having said, »^o)l ^jl* ^f
-.^UUI L5 i* ^: (T:) or the old ^yJ was
the saying of the Oi>*» tn t/ie morntn 9 caU t0
prayer, j>yi\ ,>* Jt*- »^W ! a n«l the modern,
»"%a)\ »^UaJt; or oJli c~ol5. (Mgh.) It also
signifies The iili'l ; (Mgh, IC, TA ;) [mcan-
ing, the chanting, by the (jyULa, in a mosque,
not by the Oi>*> '' ,<s common words of the (jlil,
with the addition of »"%li\ w~»li ji (The time of
prayer has come), pronounced twice after ^.
-.yuUI ^<Aft;] i.e. the ialSt of prayer: (IAth,
TA :) and this is what is meant by the phrase, in
a trad., S'^uaJb w>y lit [When the words of the
A.15I are chanted].' (IAth, Mgh, TA.) And The
praying after the prayer divinely ordained. (Yoo,
T, K.) You say, -^y, meaning He performed a
supererogatory jyrayer after the prescribed ; ^^iyH
being only after the prescribed ; being the pray-
ing after praying: (T:) and ^ ^>y-J signifies
the same. (K.) And ^tm >jt ^>y He per-
formed two rek'aks at a tupererogatory act.
(A.) But this and the similar significations are
said to be post-classical. (MF.) — See also 4, in
four places, a J~^, (T, S, Mgh,) inf. n.

(T, Mgh ;) formed from ^-^3, upon supposition
[that the medial radical letter of this word is ^,
whereas many hold that letter to be j] ; (Mgh ;)

or *i!r^; ($. in art. *r-«3; [the author of

* '■*'
which seems to have supposed that, for c-—

• *«*
should read c~«3; and therefore he gives

as syn. with ^~^ ,]) She (a woman) became what

4G

, one

MS

is termed y(j, (T, Mgh, K.) _ [Accord, to
my copy of the Mgh, it also signifies She (a
camel) became what is termed ^>(i : but I think
that, in this instance, it is a mistranscription, for
+ z .,._.- i . | ma [See also the last sentence of the
second paragraph of art. w>y ; and compare, with
what is there said by SM, meanings assigned
below to ^)\i» and ajU*.]

3. lyjyjUj ^iUtuUI 77ie suitors return to her
(namely, a woman such as is termed v-^>) '"'"'
after time. (A, Mgh.)

4. w^Ol : seo 1, in two places. — It may also
menn \It (a valley, or a well,) had a return of
mater after a stoppage thereof. (Ham p. 593.)

I » St

■a**— •»- <I)I w>ut t Corf restored him to fatness,
after leanness ; (A ;) restored his body to a good
state, or condition. (TA.) — *}} ,JjjJI i^»* (jl
JU ,j1 ;U-Jl^ w*L,» t Verily the column of the
religion cannot be set upright again by women, if
it incline: said by Umin-Selcmeh to 'A'ishch,
when the latter desired to go forth to El-Basrah.
(T, L.) _*t>T iytft, (T, S,» M, A, Msb, If,) inf. n.
ij\i\', (Mgh;) and <^yt [dcv. from rule]; (M,
£0 and **£, (T, A,) inf. n. ^j£; (T, Mgh;)
God recompensed, compensated, requited, or re-
warded, him: (T, 8,* M, A, Mgh,* Msb, £:) said
in relation to good and to evil. (T.) And a/jI,
(Lh, M,) and a^I, (T,) '£LL %£, (Lh, T,
M ,) and iyyLo, (Lh, M,) He (God) gave him
a good recompense, compensation, kc. (M.) And
4itjS* *Ajy •//« gave him his recompense, kc.
(M, K.) It is said in a trad., JU»1*>1 \y&', i- e.
Recompense ye your brother for his good deed.
(TA.) And in the ]£ur [lxxxiii. last verse], Jjk
Oy**< lylfe U jUOl "v^ ■" a "« ™ unbelievers
been recompensed for what they did? (T, S, M.)
And one says also, <£•* ^>* ajUI, meaning //<•
</ove Aim a substitute, something instead or in
exchange, or a compensation, for his gift. (Mgh,*
and TA in art. *,-*..) And \J£» ^>o *-yy, (M,)
inf. n. *^jyJ, (K,) //c //ore Aim a substitute,
kc, for such a thing. (M, $.•)__ v**-' 1 t^ 1 .

*' A

inf. n. AyUI, «• wwerf <Ae garment, or ;;»ece o/ -
<7o/A, //ic second time : when one sews it the first
time, [in a slight manner,] you say of him aXc
[and slL, i. e. " he sewed it in the manner termed

1 running' "]. (T.) J>'yLi\ ^\j\ I He filled

the watering-trough, or tank : (K, TA :) or nearly
filled it. (50

. » .*. .

5. v**-* : r ""' Crm>3: see 2, in the latter

part of the paragraph. —The former also signifies
He gained, or earned, a vlP [° r recompense,
kc]. (K.) But this is said to be post-classical.
(MF.)

' i •*

6. vj^-" : Hl '° «f~-'> > n art - «*»«•

10. ^)U ^>ULLi1 7/e restored to himself, or
repossessed himself of, property; syn. ax^^I ;
(T, A, K ;) his property having gone away. (T,
A.) And jJUUv Cy* . : ..>t 7 restored to myself, or
repossessed myself of, property, by means of that

which thou gavest me ; my property having gone
away. (A.) El-Kumey t says,

* ' * *t • - - i 0*0 * J#

[ Verily the tribe restore to themselves wealth by
means of his property; and he makes incursions
into hostile territories at his own expense, making
their property abundant by the spoil that they

gain with him]. (T, TA.) */\UL.\ He ashed

him to recompense, compensate, requite, or reward,
him. (S, K.)

^>y A garment, (M, Mgh, Msb,K,) [or piece
of cloth or stuff",] that is worn by men , composed
of linen, cotton, wool, fur, jA. [q. v.], (Mgh,
Msb,) silk, or the like; (Msb;) but [properly]
not what is cut out of several pieces, suck as the
shirt, and trousers, or drawers, £c. ; (Mgh ;)

[though often applied to a shirt or shift (^c^ or
cji) and to a <L*. &c. :] it seems to be so called

because the wearer returns to it, or it to the
wearer, time after time : (Mgh :) [also a garment
worn by women and girls over the shift; (see

SjmsI ;) app., as in the present day, a long gown,
reaching to the feet, with very wide sleeves :] pi.
4<Q [the pi. of mult.] (T, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb,
£) and v$l [a P'- of pauc] (S, M, Msb, K)

• '*' * tit

and *r>y\ and viA (?» M, ]£,) the last two being
pis. of pauc., and the latter of them being thus
pronounced with • by some of the Arabs because
the dammeh immediately after j is deemed diffi-
cult of utterance ; for which reason they substitute
• for 3 in all instances like this. (S.)^ Curtains,
and the like, are not [properly] called ^Q ; but

CjJI 4*Z«I : (Mgh, Msb :) though Es-Sarakhsec
* * •**.*. -.**.'

uses the phrase C~J1 w-'Lo. (Mgh.) *_)U1> JSju

*DI J [iffi clung to the curtains of the House of

God], i. e., to the curtains of the Kaabeh, is a

9 0'

tropical expression.* (A.) _ Sometimes, ^jy is
used metonymically to signify J A thing [of any
hind] that veils, covers, or protects : as in the
saying of a poet,

[Like the means of protection adopttd by Ibn-
Deed : he protected them by it, and closed the
way against the passengers]. (TA.) Ibn-Becd
was a wealthy merchant of the tribe of 'Ad, who
hamstrung his she-camel upon a mountain-road,
and stopped the way [to his abode] with it. (K
in art. ^>w.)_ In the same manner, also, w>L5

is used to signify J Weapons. (Ham p. 63.) _

* 'I*
And vly' ' 9 sometimes employed to signify +The

wearers of garments; the wearers' bodies. (It,
TA.) Esh-Shemmakh says, (T,) or Leyla, de-
scribing camels, (TA,)

i. e. They mounted them, namely, the travelling-
camels, (T,) with their [light, or agile,] bodies :
[and thou seest not anything like them, except
ostriches scared away.] (T, TA.) And in like

manner, also, the dual is employed to signify
tThe wearer's body, or self; or what the gar-
ments infold: and »_jUj is employed in the same
manner. (TA.) You say, il^y <&, i. e. J To God
be he [meaning Aw excellence] attributed! [for

nothing but what is excellent is to be attributed

tl. ■
to God:] (A:) or it means »j> A) [To God be

attributed the good that hath proceeded from
him! or hit good deed! kc: see arts. aJI and •>].
(£.) And leil &\ ^ ^Jy ^ meaning J. [On
me and on my father it rests, or lies, or be it, that
I pay it : or] ^1 «uij |j^«i ^ [on my respon-
sibility and the responsibility of my father], (1£ t
TA.) And ^g ^ j^ Jill I Withdraw, or
separate, thyself from me. (A.)_ [The following
exs. are mostly, or all, tropical.] — C-I»Jt ^t
W O^ ^Jl ^ A ^ iJ^J, (K,»TA.) a
saying of Mohammad, repeated by Aboo-Sa'ecd
El-Khudree, when, being about to die, he had
called for new garments, and put them on :
(TA :) it means Verily the dead will be raised in
his garments in which he dies; accord, to some ;
and was used in this sense by Aboo-Sa'ecd: (El-
Khattabce, MF, TA :) or t [agreeably with] his
works (K, TA) with which his life is closed :
(TA :) or t in the state in which he dies, accord-
ing as it is good or evil. (TA.) /^ >^0ii
in the Kur [lxxiv. 4], means And purify thy
garments: (Abu-l-'Abbus, T:) or shorten thy
garments; for the shortening them is a means of
purity: (T :) orf^«r not on thy garments in a
state of disobedience or unrighteousness : (I 'Ah,
T :) or t be not perfidious ; for [figuratively
speaking,] he who is so pollutes his garments:
(Fr, T:) or, as some say, t purify thy heart:
(Abu-l-'Abbds, T, £ :) or + purify thyself (II£t,
T, TA) from sins, or offences : (IKt, TA :) or
^rectify thine actions, fit thy conduct. (TA.)__

iou say, v>*J' ^J" 0*^> meaning J Such a one
is free from vice, or fault : (A:) and «->>--" J*U»
I [the same; or pure in heart, or conduct, or
reputation]. (TA in art. -^-aJ.) And w»Cl!l Jji
I Vicious, or faulty : (A :) or perfidious : (Fr,
T:) or foul, or evil, in reputation, (T,TA,)t»
conduct, or actions, and in tke way that he follows
[with respect to religion and morality]. (TA.)

— f J u>y uri'** : sec £r*~° — *v>* ^>^

( j w frU H and U ..,.U1I kc. : see ^>y^ ;UJI ^jy

t [77ie membrane called] ^^JLJI anrf ^njiJI. (?•
Sec these two words.)

w--j : see ^-jU, in two places.

'i

i-j The p/ace wAcrfi the water collects in a
valley or low ground; 60 called because the water
returns to it: (Aboo-Kheyreh,T:) and the middle
of a watering-trough or tank, (T, S, M,) to which
the water returns when it has been einptied, (S,)
or to which what remains of the water returns ;
(T;) as also t ^Ui : (S:) the J is a substitute
for the }, the medial radical, which is suppressed ;
(S, L;) the word being from «_>tf, aor. -LtyL:
(L:) Aboo-Is-hak infers that this is the case from
its having for its dim. " loy : but it may be
from vi*J " I collected together :" (M :) it is

Book I.]

mentioned in the K in art. ^ or yJ, and not
here. (TA.) See also art. y£ or ^ Also

A company of men; (T,M,L;) and so
(M :) or a company of men in a state of separa-
tion or dispersion ; (T ;) a distinct body, or com-
pany, of people : (Yoo, T :) and a troop of
horsemen : (M :) pi. i»UJ and o^5 ( T > M ) an( J
£)£ • (? and M in art. ^i, and M in art. yi
also:) accord, to some, from >J&, being ori-
ginally ijy ; and its dim. is *<U;y : accord, to
others, it is originally i-2 ; (T, L ;) and its pi.
\sJ5. (L.) Hence, in the Kur [iv. 73], IjjiiCi

oCj, i. c. [And go ye forth to war against the
unbelievers] in troops, (Fr.T.) or in distinct
bodies. (Yoo, T.) See, again, art. yj or ^>.

'Xjy : sec *Wp» ' n art - t^ •

4»ly (T,S,M, M^h,Msb,K)and *&& (T,
Mfb) and * i^^ii (T, S, M, K) and * \^y+, (Et-
Tcmcemee,T, M,K,) the hist anomalous, (M,)
and unknown to the Kihibccs, who knew the
second of these words, (T,) A recompense, com-
pensation, requital, or reward, (T, 8, M,Mgh,
Mfb,K,) of obedience [to Hod]: (S :) or abso-
lutely ; for ijood and for evil ; as appears from
the words of the Kur, jUfl> Jy J* [ cil( ' (l »bove,
see 4] ; but more especially and frequently, for

good. (lAth, L, MF, TA.) l»ly » also used

as a quasi-inf. n., in the sense of i^tfl ; and in
this c:ise, accord to the Koofeci and Bnghdadccs,
it may govern as a verb, [like the inf. n.,] as in
the saying,

»Z* * * •'• * • .* #

[ For God's rewarding every believer in his unity
will be the giving gardens of Paradise, wherein
he will be made to abide for ever]. (Expos, of
the Shudhoor edh-Dlmhab.)— It signifies also
J Honey; (K,TA;) i.e. (TA) the good that
proceeds from bees. (A, TA.) — And in like
manner, t [Haiti ; i. c.] the good that results
from the winds. (A,TA. [See C-^-]) — And
t Bees ; (M,K;) because they return [to their
hives]. (M.)

^3, [like Off-; originally ^y, or v^ 5
* . ' %' •*

i. e.] of the measure J««i, (Mgh,) or Ja+i ;

(Msb ;) A woman who has become separated
from her husband (Lth, T, M, Mgh, K) in any
manner : (Lth, T, M, Mgh :) or a woman whose
husband has died, or who has been dioorred. and
has then returned to the marriage-siaii '■: (AHeyth,
TA :) or one that is not a virgin : (IAth, TA :)
or a woman to whom a man has gone in ; and a
man who has gone in to a woman : (Ks, ISk, S,
Mgh,K:) or a person who has married : (Msb:)
applied to a man and to a woman; (As,S, M,
Msb;) like *£ 2nd Jj»: (Mgh.Msb:) from ^5

not applied to a man (Lth, El-'Eyn, T, M, Mgh,
K) except in the dual form, as when one says
J£h\ Siy. (Lth, El-'Eyn, T, M, K :) and a

Tr ' * "* ♦*-> *****

woman is also termed • «^«*A« ; (M ;) or " *r~>*,
like ^ : (& : [b ul Bcc 2, last sentence but
two:]) the pi. of Z^j applied to a woman is
oC*$, (T, Mgli, Msb,) and the post-classical
writers say *^J, which has not been heard as
genuine Arabic: (Mgh,» Mfb:) its pi. if applied
to a man is Oy*>- (Msb.) It is said in a trad.,

j£& oi-iwi o!&<i d^-s- oyj' [«•

two persons of whom each has previously had
carnal intercourse in marriage with one of the
other sex shall be stoned if they commit adultery
together ; and the two who have previously had
no connubial intercourse with others shall be
flogged and banished if they commit fornication

together]. (T.) It is also applied to t^ woman

who has attained the age of puberty, though a
a virgin; tropically, and by extension of its
proper signification. (IAth.TA.) — This word
is mentioned in the K [and M] in art. ^~j ; and
its mention in art. w>V is said by the author of
the K to be wroncr: but IAth and many others
decisively assert that it is from w>U, aor. v>*i>
" he returned." (MF, TA.)

S-i

A*^y> :

see i-5, in two places,
i^l^i and &iy£, as meaning The state of being
a **£, arc not of the genuine language of the
Arab's. (Mgh.)

"jJi One who tahes care of the clothes in the
bath. (K.) [A post-classical word.]

«l»)y «• q- *->'>• [One who repents, or returns
from disobedience to obedience to God, much or
often]. (T.)s=i seller of garments, or pieces of
cloth : (AZ, T, L, K :) and a possessor thereof.
(Sb,S,L,K.)

(IAth,Mgh,Mfb;) becai^? they generally return L e(urw , [ t0 , upp ly the place of that which ha.
time after time to the marriage-^tate : (Mgh:) ^ jtram, in a well]: whence **!-Sl$ U *i
but mostly applied to a woman; because she
returns to her family in a manner differeJ ,t ^ rom
the first [state] ; (Msb ;) or because the sui.* 01 " 9
return to her time after time : (Mgh :) or it u>

^3U Q jij t A well into which water returns
after one has drawn from it; (A, TA;) see
^lio ; and in like manner, [but in an intensive
sense in the second of the following phrases,]
t/^5 $ 'J*, and w-sj ♦v-^ "^'i [ in which
s^s.) is an epithet]: (T, L, TA :) or the first
of these three phrases means a well of which the
water stops sometimes, and then returns. (Ham
p. 598.) You say of a well (^), ly«50 p>-l U
illow quick is its returning supply of water!
(T.)—jLj\ Jf3& t The water of the sea when

it flows after ebbing. (K.) Hence, J£* ^l£»
jLj\ ^li t Fresh, sappy, [green,] herbage.
(T, L.)H^0jtjJ»>5 \A people, or number
of men, who come company after company. (A,
TA.") — 4-3^ a k° signifies t A violent wind that
blows at the beginning of rain. (S, K, TA.)

4*U*: see iju*, in four places:—. and see
ijj. __ Also t The place from which the water

has

[see 4-WJ- ( TA -) — And + The rtat,on °f *■
water-drawer, (A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, ?,) above the
inAsj* [which means the pieces of mood upon

363

which he stands], (A 'Obeyd, T,) or at the brink,
where is the j£z [sing, of *£})*■], (?,) or which
forms part of the JU^, (M,) of a well :
(A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, K :) or the middle of a well :
(K :) or it has this meaning also : (M :) pi.
OW&. (T, M.) [See also ijU.] — And t The
construction, or casing, of stones (SjU^Jt ^jt)
that succeed one another from top to bottom
[round the interior of a well]. (IAar.) [Sec
again iuU*.]

a^liU (accord, to Aboo-Is-hak originally "iiy~»,
T) A place to which people return, (ISh, Aboo-
Is-hiik,T,S, Msb,) or to which one returns, (ISh,

S,Msb,) time after time; (S;) and t^^* 8i g"
nifies the same: (Aboo-Is-hak,T:) and the former,
a place of assembly or congregation: (ISh:) or a
place where people assemble, or congregate, after
they have separated, or dispersed; as also * the
latter word: (M,K:) and a place of alighting or
abode; an abode; or a house; because the in-
habitants thereof return to it (ISh,S) after having
gone to their affairs: (S:) the pi. is obU« ; [also
mentioned above as pi. of ..->£*;] (ISh ;) or it is
♦ v& ; (S ;) [or this is a coll. gen. n. ;] or,
accord, to Fr and others, IjCo and t^liU arc the
same : Th says that a house, or tent, (c**y,) is
called iilio ; and some say * 2jy~» i but no one
reads thus [in the Kur]. (TA.) It has the first
of nil these meanings in the Kur ii. 119: (T,S,
15d, Jcl, TA :) or it there means a place of recom-
pense or reward for the pilgrimage to the Kaabch
and the visitation thereof, (lid.) — A nil, sometimes,
The place where the hunter, or fowler, puts his

siutre. (S.) j~l\ iilii [The place where the

water of the well collects : (A, TA :) or the place
reached by the water of the well when it returns
and collects after one has drawn from it. (M, K.)
[Hence,] <U^L ijU-o C— » \IIis ignorance became

****** £ ***'ij»

confirmed. (A,TA.) And **iw 2/U* ^a^—i Cr* 9
I [He used to wait for his lightwittedness, or silli-
ness, to attain its full degree] : a metaphorical
phrase, occurring in a trad. (Harp. 68.) — Also
t The stones that project, or overliang, around the
well, (M, K>) vpon which the man sometimes
stands in order that the bucket (^iy or v^*) ma !f
not strike against the side of the well : (M:) or
the place where it is walled round within {£-±y>
l^It): (K:) or, accord, to IAar, it means ^Jb
Jj\; but [ISd says,] I know not whether he

mean thereby \£> '**>y». ° r <A « building it [or
* ....

wallina it round within] with stones; though it is

**'** Mil

rarely that a word of the measure iUi» [like
ij&.] is an inf. n. (M.) [See v& : and 9ee
what is said of v^Jj in the last sentence of the
second paragraph of art. v>-] — oW&» [the pl.J
also signifies t The foundations of a house. (IAar,
T.) = See also w>ly.

ijy* : see w> ly -

ljy*l : see i/U«, in two places : = and see also

and *-. y— : see <^~*-

46

904

pUy I Ob U . ; .. * J Wind* that are attended by

prosperity and blessing ; from which one hope*
for a good result [i. % rain]. (A, TA.)

1. f-\j and -.I* both signify He, or it, sank
into the ground ; and Yaakoob asserts that the O
in (lie former is a substitute for the l _ r > in the
latter. (L, TA.) You say, J^yly -uji C«»wl3,
(?,) or ji.y« ^ (L,) aor. £y*j and £«lj, Zfa
/bo/ miiA, or entered, into the mire. (S, L.) And
a*«St C<uti, aor. as above, (L, K,) inf. n. ~-y ,

(L,) The finger entered, or sank, into a swollen,
or tumid, or a soft, or yielding, substance ; (L,
K ;) as also C-A.U, (L,) and >C-dJ3 : (Lth :) but
this last is disapproved by IDrd, and J and others
do not mention it. (TA in art. £•>>•)

J?

1. jU, aor. j^i f (M.) inf. n. ;y and jjp and

0\)y> (M, £,) /< (a thing, M) became raised,

roused, excited, stirred up, or provoked; syn.

«-U; (M ;) syn. of the inf. n. jL~* : (K:) as

also t jyLJ. (M, $.) Said of dust, (S, M, A,

Mgh, Msb,) and of smoke, (M, A,) and of other
things, (M, TA,) inf. n. jy and j^y 1 (S, M,
Msb, I£) and \jfoyt (K,) J It became raised, or
stirred up; (Mgh, Msb j) ana* spread: (Mgh:)
or ro*e, (S, M, A, £,) and appeared; (M ;) as
also * j)U : (K :) also said of the redness in the
sky after sunset, inf. n. jy and o'jy» t *' *pread
upon the horizon, and rose : (TA : [see jy :])
and jU, said of anything, menns \ it appeared
and spread. (Mgh.) __ Said of a camel lying
upon his breast, He became roused, or put in

motion or action ; as also ♦ jy-J- (TA.) Said

of the bird Called HUN, (M, A,) inf. ns. as first
mentioned above, (£,) or jy and C)\jr> ("») &
rose (M, A, JC) from the place where it lay ; (M,
A;) as also 'jyL3: (K:) and of a swarm of
locusts, it rose; (M, £;) as also *jyL3: (K:)
or appeared; as also ♦ J lljl. (TA.) __ Also, (S,
M,) inf. ns. as first mentioned above, (M,K,)
He leaped, or sprang; (M, K ;) as also T j>£J.
(K.) You say, *«JJ jV He leaped, or sprang, to,
or towards, him, or t7. (M.) And ^Ul a/ j\$
The people leaped, or sprang, upon him. (S.)
And yi)l jjll jl3 77« ro*e, or hastened, to do evil,
or mischief. (M?b.) — lQ\ j\S The water flowed
forth with force; gushed forth. (TA.)__<o .0

# 8 »*

>jJI, (TA,) inf. ns. as first mentioned above,

(!£,) 1 The blood appeared in him ; as also ♦ i*£3.

(£,• TA.) And <y*-, u* >Jdl jO t 7%« 6Zood

appeared in [or mantled in or mounted into] his I up or out,] said of a thing buried. ($ in "art.

face; as also tjUJI. (M.)_ LZLi\ *, 0,0, | ^..) You say, 0$ jtft He roused such a one

4 *

j\5, inf. n. jy and (j'j^* meaning t it appeared.
(T.) And accord, to Lh, one says, Jl*-^JI jO,
inf. n. o'j>'» meaning t TAe man had the measles
appearing in him. (M.)__jy_M ,»j,^ t »; j<*
t Pimples, or «maZ/ pustules, breaking out in the
mouth, appeared in the fevered man. (A .) _

U**»JI OjU ft^e^/eecr ro*e, or became excited].
(TA from a trad.) _ a_Jd OjO J 7/i> «o«Z [or
riomacA] heaved; or became agitated by a ten-
rfency ro vomit ; syn. oU», (T, S,) i. e. Q«*3il ;
(T;) or iiU, (TA,) i.e. oju. (T.)_ p
w— oxJI, (Msb,) inf. n. jy, (M,) f[Anger became
roused, or excited, or inflamed : or became roused,
or excited in the utmost degree: or boiled: or
spread : (see yU, below :) or] became sharp.

(M, Msb.) yi^ i£i ^iyuj OjU (A, Msb»)

{ Discord, or dissension, or Me /tTrc, ana* mn7, or
mischief, became excited among them, or between
them. (Msb.)

2 : see 4, in three places. _ You say also,
yp$ jy, inf. n. jiy5, + 7/c searched, or sought,
for, ot after, tlie thing, or affair; inquired, or
sought information, respecting it; searched, or
inquired, into it ; investigated, scrutinized, or

examined, it. (M.) And ^jjlyUI jy t77e searched
after a knowledge of the Kur-dn, (S, K,) or its
meanings: (M :) or lie read it, and inquired of,
or examined, diligently, those skilled in it, respect-
ing its interpretation and meanings : (Sh :) or he
scrutinized it, and meditated upon its meanings,
and its interpretation, and the reading of it.
(TA.)

3. sjjtt, (T, M, A, K,) inf. n. J^lii (S, M, K)
and jly, (Lh, M,K,) He leaped, or sprang, upon
him, or at him ; he assaulted, or assailed, him ;
syn. «L3tj, (T, S, M, A, K,) and sjjC. (T, A.)

4. i,ttt, (T, S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and iyl, and

«jik, (K,) [but in the M, I find diyM and -ij^i,

(in the latter of which the » is substituted for the

I of the former, as in Jjlj* for J'jl,) and it is

evident that the author of the K erroneously sup-

posed them to be from yl and jl*, whereas they

* ft * ' * 1 1» • ii

arc from jbl and jU*>, and are originally *3jyl

and ajj)^a, but, for »jj\, SM appears to have

read »yl, for he says that it is formed by trans-

•' * s *

position,] inf. n. »jCt and jUl ; (Lh, M ;) and

♦ »jp ; (M, K ;) an'd ♦ XjZA ; (T, M, A, £ ;)
He raised, roused, excited, stirred up, or pro-
voked, him or it ; (S, M, A, Mgh, K ;) [as, for
instance,] an object of the chase or the like,
(T, M,A,) a beast of prey, (T,) a lion, (M,
A,) t dust, (M, Mgh,) + smoke, and any other
thing: (M :) or he drew it forth: (M:) '»jUwl
is [often used in this last sense, or as mean-
ing he disinterred it, exhumed it, or dug it

(S, M, A,) inf. n. jy* and ^jy* and jly [or
jly ?] and Oh9*> (*») I The measles spread [or
broke out] in him : (M :) and in like manner one
says of anything that appears: (M:) one says,

for an affair. (T.) And ^-aJI ji\ He roused
the camel lying upon his breast, or put him in
motion or action. (T.) And i)|JI *jy, and
» Uj&Lrl, He roused the camels lying upon their

[Book I.

breasts, and made them to rise. (S.)__jLit

<i*j|y^> _j1ji-ll He [a beast] scraped up the earth,

'" ' .tt

or dust, with his legs. (T, M.) ,_*»>NI j$\,

(M, Mgh, Msb,) and ujyt, (M.) 7/e tilled the
ground, or land ; cultivated it by ploughing and
sowing: (Mgh, Msb:) he turned the ground over
upon the grain after it had been once opened:
(M, TA :) he ploughed and sowed the land, and
educed its increase, and the increase of its seed.
(TA.) And Jb'})\ ojtil [Site (a cow) tilled the

ground]. (TA.)«__<uEill jtit \ He (an enemy)
excited discord, or dissension, or the like. (Msb.)
And_p'>lwi* f jy (inf. n. y^£i, Msb) J He
excited evil, or mischief, against them, (T, S, A,*
Msb,*) and manifested it. (S.)

5 : sec 1, in seven places.
7 ! see 1, in two places.
10 : see4, in three places.

ju : see jU.

jy A bull: (S,M, Msb, K:) and "»;y a coir:

(S, M, Msb :) pi. [of pnuc ] ]\'S\ (M, Msb, K)
"•*#" %.'%'"

and S>-j (S, M, K) and [of mult.] ol^ il1 "' Vs^

(T, S, M, Msb, Ij:) and Ij'y (S.M,K) and j£
(M, K) and IjCS ; (M, TA :) Sb says of the'
pi. sjJj that ^ in it is changed into ^ because
of the kesreh before it, though this is not ac-
cordant to general rule: (S :) accord, to Mbr,
they said 5^3 to distinguish it from the »jy of
i>3l, and that it was originally of the measure
*JUi : (S, M :*) accord, to Aboo-'Alce, it is a
contraction of SjUJ. (M.) [Hence,] jyii\ J [The
constellation Taurus;] one of the signs of the

Zodiac. (S, M, K.) t A lord, master, or chief,

(M, A,K,) of a people. (A.) 'Othman is called,

in a trad., ^^a^^l jy-JI ; the epithet ^ja^f*^ being
added because he was hoary ; or it may denote cele-
brity. ( M.) __ t Stupid ; foolish ; of little sense :
(T, K :) a stupid, dull man, of little understand-
ing. (T.) __ t Possessed by a devil, or insane,

• i • #
or mad ; syn. Qym? « ; so in copies of the K ;

but in some copies, [and in the CK,] Oy**- [dia-
bolical possession, or insanity, or madness], (TA ;
and thus in Har p. 415.) = A piece, (T, S,
Mgh, Msb,) or large piece, (M, £,) of Jail, (T,
S, M, Mgh, Msb, l£i) i. e. milk which [has been
churned and cooked atid then left until il] has
become congealed and hard like stone : (TA :)

pi. [of mult.] l'/y) (T,S,M,S) and Jly''. (M,
^•) aaaThe green, tubttaftCS chat overspreads stale
water; (T,M,SL;) this is called ;UM jy ; (S,Msb;)
syn. yJLlfc, (AZ, T,S, M, Msb, K,) and JL^k,
and Jiii ; (M ;) and the like thereof: (T, M :)
and small rubbish, or broken particles of things,
(Msb, TA,) or anything, (K,) upon the surface
of water, (Msb, K, TA,) which the pastor beats
to make the water clear for the bulls or cows.
(Msb.) Accord, to some, it has the first of these
meanings in f.he following verse of Anas Ibn-
Mudrik E'.-Khath'amee :
. it »■ tt .ifc J •»» -

Book I.]

[ Verily I, with respect to my slaying Suleyh and

then paying the price of his blood, am like the

green substance upon the surface of stale mater,

that is beaten rvhen the cows loathe the water] :

but accord, to others, by jjDI the poet means

the bull; for the cows follow him: (M,TA:)

the cows are not beaten, because they have milk ;

but the bull is beaten that they may be frightened

and therefore drink. (S.) [See a slightly-different

reading, and remarks thereon, in Ham p. 410:

and see Frey tag's Arab. Prov. ii. 330. The latter

hemistich is used as a prov., applied to him who

is punished for the offence of another.] _

t Pimples, or small pustules, breaking out in the

mouth, in a person who is fevered. (A.)— {The

redness shining, 0>5U, $,) or spreading and

rising, (5JJU, M,) in the faint light that is seen

above the horizon between sunset and nightfall :

(M, K :) or jili\ jy the spreading appearance

of the redness above the horizon after sunset.

(S, A, Mgh.) You say, Jilll Jy ii- [The

spreading appearance of the redness above the

horizon after sunset sank down, or set]. (S, A.)

With its feyi- commences the time of the prayer

of nightfall. (TA.) + The whiteness in the

lower port of the nail (M,K) of a man. (If,
TA.)

Ji A covering of [or film over] the eye. (K.)
One wiys,^ *^t ^A* Upon his eye is a covering
[or film]. (TK.)

: + An crcitcment : so in the
saving, S,yJl tS*> o£-J ^/±- j^>\ [»««< "»"*
until this excitement become stilled]. (S.) =
t Many ; a great number ; much ; or a large
quantity; of men ; (T, M,K;)and of wealth,
or of camels or the like ; (T, K ;) like » sj j : (T,
M :) or not of wealth ; for of this one says Jjjy
only. (M.)

S/y The [part of the body called the] Ob**"
[q.v.]. (K.)

jy— \£y

1. JO, (T, Sgh,K,) aor. Jy$, inf. n. Jy,
(T,) He (a man, T) was, or became, stupid, fool-
ish, or disordered in his intellect : (K :) or he
was, or became, affected with incipient madness
or demoniacal possession, not such as had become
confirmed. (T, Sgh, K.) You say to a man,
when you order him to be stupid and ignorant,
jj Jfc (IAar, Th,T.)__ And Jy\ (T,M,M ? b,
K,) aor. j'&, (T,) inf. n. jy\ (T, M,) He (a
man, and any animal,) was, or became, affected
with confirmed madness or demoniacal possession:
(T :) he (a sheep or goat) was, or became, affected
with what is termed Jy, explained below ; (M,
Msb, K ;) as also, accord, to Sb, * Jy I ; (so in
the TT, as from the M ;) or ▼ Jyl, inf. n. J^yJ-
(K.)==s;Uyi JO, (Sgh,£,) ao'r. Jy**, inf. n.
Jy, (TA,) He poured forth what was in the
receptacle. (Sgh, K.)

4 : sec 1.

5. JuJjl C>y*J The bees collected themselves
together, and became dense. (M, &.) See also 7.
<U» Jy*J He, (a man, TA,) or they, (a com-
pany of men, S, M,) ussailedhim, or overcame him,
with reviling (S,M,K) and beating (S,M) and
oppressive conduct; (M,K;) as also ♦jllil. (M.)

7. JlLil It poured forth : {is.:) or it poured

forth at once. (Msb.) «l»lpl 4** J 1 *-^ The
dust, or earth, poured forth upon him. (S.) __
[Hence,] <JL' S ji> C*? ^Ul 4u J&l The
people poured forth upon him, or against him,
from every quarter : (S,TA:) or collected them-
selves together against him : (Msb :) [for] lyUil
also signifies they collected themselves together;
and so ♦ lyyj. (TA. [See also 7 in art. Jj.])
See also 5 JyM 4ie Jl*Jt + Speech sug-
gested itself to him utiinterruptedly and abun-
danthf, so that he knew not with what to begin.
(M,K.)
9 : see 1.

365

JjO ^L'i [ Locusts before they have wings] just
coming forth from the dust, or earth. (T, S.)
__ .yWI yd 1 Having the hair of his head
spreading out in disorder, and standing up :
(As, T,» S,* TA :) or shaggy, or dishevelled.

(T, A.) «ul$j Jauji IjSU *£ij ![/ saw him

mitk his extimal jugular veins, or with the sinews
and veins of his neck, smelling by reason of

anger]. (A.) yd also signifies t Angry. (T.)

And t A ugcr : '(S, A, K :) [or an ebullition of

anger, rage, or passion : whence the phrase,]
;>3>J, (T, S, M, A,) like i>li JU, (T, A,) J He
was angry : (T :) or hit anger became roused, or
excited, (S, M,) or inflamed: (A:) or became
roused, or excited, in the utmost degree : (TA :)
or boiled: (S in art. jy* :) or spread. (TA in
that art.)

Sjllo ^ojl Land ploughed up. (T.)

Sjjio ^ji>j\ A land abounding with bulls [and
cows]. (Th, M, $.)

Xjf* A cow that tills the ground; (Mgh,]£;)
and in like maimer applied to bulls (*>(3)- (T.)

Jy* A number, or collection, or smarm, of
bees: (As, T, S, M, K :) or simply bees : (IAar,
Th, T :) a word having no proper sing. ; (As, T,
S, M, K ;) and of the fern. .gender : (M :) or the
inalebee; (M, £ ;) thus Lth explains it; but the
right explanation is the first, that of As. (T.) _
And A company of men. (lbn-'Abb;id,TA.)__
Also The kind of trees called yi**.. (M, K.)

Jy a dial. var. of J-5» meaning The sheath of
the penis of the camel. (Nh. TA.)

Jy Madness, or demoniacal possession : (IAar,
Th, T:) or madness, (S,) or an affection like
madness, (Lth, T, M, K,) [i. e.] a certain disease
resembling madness, (Msb,) that befalls a sheep
or goat, (Lth, T,S, M,Msb,*K,) inconsequence
of which the animal will not follow the other
sheep or goats, but turns, or goes, round in his
place of pasturage: (S,M,K:) or a laxness in
the limbs of a sheep or goat ; (M,K ;) o certain
disease that attacks a sheep or goat, occasioning
a laxness in the limbs. (IF, Msb.)

jyy* : see jyjJ, in art. JO.

iLy A company, or an assemblage, of men

come from detached, or scattered, houses or tents ;
(S, K;* [in Har p. 261, written iljy ; but in
the TA, said to be like * .'•**■ « , as written in tin:
S and K ;]) and of boys, or children ; and of
camels or the like (JU): mentioned by Yaakoob,
on the authority of Aboo-Sa'id. (S.) — Also A
place in which fresh herbage is, or becomes, col-
lected together. (Th, M, K.)

iity A swarm, or large number, of locusts;
(A?,T,M,$;) asubst., like iil^- (M,K) and
3iCji. : (M :) or an assemblage of locusts, and of
men. (IAar, Th, T.)

Jyl Mad, or possessed : and stupid, foolish, or
disordered in intellect: (M,£:) and, applied to
a ram (M.Msb) or he-goat, (S, Msb,) affected
by what is termed Jy , explained above ; fern.
fyy, applied to a ewe (S, M, Msb) or she-goat;
(S, Msb ;) or this, applied to a ewe or she-goat
&.c, signifies mad: (Mgh:) pi. Jy. (Msb.)_
Also Slow in aiding, or in aiding against an
enemy : and slow in doing good, and in acting :
and slow in running : pi. as above. (K.) And
tijjlit, applied to old men, Slow (K, TA) in
doing good, or in acting, or in running. (TA.)

•UjOl : see what next precedes.

»y

^ay [Garlic; the allium sativum of Linn.;] a
kind of jif, (AHn, M,) well known, (S,) abun-
dant in the country of the Arabs; (AHn.M;)
of two sorts; wild, (AHn, M,K.,) and growing
in the cultivated tracts, (AHn, M,) or fa gardens:
(K:) the former sort is called <u&JI >y, and is
the strongei , (K,) and is brought from Syria :
(TA:) each of them is healing, expels flatulence
and worms, and is strongly diuretic; and this is
the most excellent [property] that is therein : it
is good for obliviousness, and asthma, and chronic
cough, and [pain in] the spleen and the flank,
and colic, and sciatica, Sec. : (K : [in which arc
added many other supposed uses:]) n. un. with ».

(AHn,M,K.) Hence, as being likened thereto,

(M,) i«y signifies also I The pommel of a smord.
(S, M, K.) Whence, icy jA, said to be the name
of a certain woman, may mean \ A smord. (M.)

[Hence, also,] JjLj J=>\ Vy t [The glans of

a man's penis], (Az, in TA voce >l>yyV)— -
£cy*-)l also signifies The channel [or oblong de-
pression] between the tmo mustaches, against the
partition between the tmo nostrils; (IAar, TA ;)
i.q. Lm'iL.n, «cc. (TA in art. ^ot^..)=>y is
also a dial. var. of >y, meaning Wheat. (Lh,
T, M.) And the latter is used in the [ordinary]
sense of the former. (T.)

1. \Sy ( T > 9» M, Mgh, Msb, K) o^JW, (?,
M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and y, (Msb,) and ^y
OK«JI, (S,» M, Msb, £,) 'aor. - , (T, S, Msb,

966

KO inf. n. l~j (T, 8, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and
^ (8, M, Mgh, K) and Jg, ; (T, M ;) and
♦v>yl (T, 9, M, Msb, K) O^W, (S,M,K,)
or Aj ; (ho in the CK ;) JT« remained, stayed,
dwelt, or aWe, (T, 8, Mgh, Msb,) in the place :
(§» Mgh, Msb :) or he remained, stayed, dwelt,
or abode, long (Lth, T, M, K) tfierein : (M, EL :)
or he alighted, or alighted and abode, in the
place : (K :) or ^y* signifies also he alighted, or
alighted and abode, (M,) or he settled, (TA,)
U^b i» the place. (M.) Hence, /<«ltJI JJ»j C\
o^Jt jtj ^ [ Verily we prolong the stay in the
teat of war], (Mgh.) [You say also, ^J\ j£5
i\jj\ He betook himself to the woman to remain,

stay, dwell, or abide, with her: see Ly.]

[Hence,] ^y, (T, M, IB, TA,) aor. , ; in tlie
K, incorrectly, t^y, inf. n. luyLJ; (TA;) sig-
nifies also He was slain, (T, M,) and remained
where he was : (M :) or he remained in his grave:
(IB, TA :) or, as the latter verb is explained in
the K, he died. (TA.) [See a verse cited in art.
V» » , conj. 2.]»^y Jie n<a* buried: (M,
K:) because there is no longer dwelling than
that of him who is buried. (M.)

2 : see 4 : =a= and see also 1.

*• l»£y' : ML MMljft //« wtaae Aim ro re-
main, stay, dwell, or a&tde; (S, Msb, K;) or <o
remain, ttc, long; (M, K;) in a place; (M, K;)
and »it>, (Kr, 8, M, K,) inf. n. Sjy*J, (8.) sig-
nifies the same. (Kr, S, M, K.) [In the CK,

<wy is erroneously put for <U,>y.] And He

lodged him ; made him his guest ; or entertained
him as a guest. (M, K.) You say, .J \y\i ..ipl
U_»- ,ly [//« lodged me, and entertained me well
as a guest]. (T.)

j «»
0. »\yL3 /fe became his guest. (TA.)

W [mentioned in this art. in the K, as "A cer-
tain letter of the alphabet," namely, £>] : sec art.
ty* : I8d holds its I to be originally y (TA.)

see what next follows.

*i\l, (S, M,K,) without ., (S,) formed by
permutation from a,»y*, though the author of the
Kitab [i. e. Sb] holds the 1 to be originally ^j,
(M,) The lodging-place, or nightly resting-place,
of camels, (ISk, 8, M,K,) and of sheep or goats,
(ISk, 8,) when they have gone away to a distance
in the pasture, or around the tents or houses;
(I8k,S,M,K;) as also »|^ and tjjlJ: (K:)
or the first and second, (AZ, T, S, M,) and the
third also, (M,) signify the lodging -place, or
nightly resting-place, of sheep or goats, (AZ, T,
8, M,) and of oxen, or bull* and cows; (M ;) and
the last is app. formed by permutation from the
first. (M.)_Also A combination of two or
three trees, upon which is thrown a piece of cloth,
used for shade, or shelter from the sun. (I Aar,
M. [And in like manner SJO is explained in the
T.^in art. ^b.])_Also, (AZ,T,8,M,) and
**4y> (M,) Stones elevated for a sign of the

way to direct the pastor mhen he returns by
night : ( AZ, T, S, M :) and the former, or latter,
(M,) or both, and 1 5y, (K,) with damm, (TA,
[in the CK *y »]) *^ e lowest sign of the way, of
the height of a man in a sitting posture. (M, K.)
— Also The part which is the place of stabbing

of a slaughtered camel. (T A.) The pi. of Ij\j

is 1^j\j : (Lh, M :) [or rather the latter is a coll.
gen. n., of which the former is the n. un.]

iyt : see art y* : and see i^U in the present
art., above.

3 ,

ijy A guest : (I A?r, T, S, M, K :) the vulgar
|
erroneously pronounce it iCjS. (TA. [See also

c£>— ••]) — Remaining, staying, dwelling, or
abiding ; as also ^y ; but the former is better

known in this sense. (M in art. (jy.) One

who abides ( jjU~o [generally meaning for the
purpose of study]) in either of the two sacred
cities or territories [of Mehhch and El-Me-
deeneh], (IAar, T, K.) __ One who is very
patient in military and predatory expeditions,
who is detained in the territory of the enemy, or
on the frontier of the enemies' country. (IAar,
T.) — A captive. (Th, M, K.)=sA chamber,
or house, or tent, prepared for a guest: (T, M,
K :) and, (M,) accord, to Lth, (T,) a chamber
within a chamber. (T, M.)

S j

l£y : see art. y*. = Also an inf. n. of I. (S

&c.)'

<by : see «ub, above, in two places. = Also A
woman (K, TA) to whom one betakes himself to

remain, stay, dwell, or abide, with her (lyJI ^Jy).
(TA.)

jU part. n. of 1 ; (Msb;) [Remaining, kc: or
remaining, &c, long:] a stranger remaining, stay-
ing, dwelling, or abiding, in a country, or town :
(T :) or SjJ^ ^0 a stranger who keeps to a

country, or town. (M.) A man remaining in

his grave. (IB,TA.)

l£)tf : see ,«Mj, in art. ly. You say ajjIj i-ili
[in the CK, erroneously, SjjIj] A rhyme of
which the characteristic is £j. (K,* TA.)

^£y* A place where one remains, stays, dwells,
or abides; (T ;) a place of alighting or abode, an
abode, or a dwelling, (T, M, Mgh, Msb,) of a
man: (T:) pi. »l£ii (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K.)

Hence, (J>U» yf The master (M, K) of the
house or tent, (M,) or of the place where one
alights or abides, or of the abode or dwelling.

[Book I.

alighting, or abode, in which he passes the night ;
occurring in this sense in a trad., not meaning
his wife. (TA.) _ It is also an inf. n. of \jy .

(T, M.)

2. A : — lb c~ t j and U_>- [I made, or wrote,
a beautiful £>]. (TA in i£i\ oU^I vVO

* 2& The lodging-place, or nightly resting-place,
of sheep or goats [when they have gone away to a
distance in the pasture, or around the tents or
houses] -, (IB, K ;) a dial. var. of a*l$ [q. v. in
art.jjy 4 ]. (IB.TA.)

LU: j

sec art ^^y.

2 -; s i

^jyj : see ^U, in art. ly .

For several words mentioned in the M and K
as belonging to this art., sec art. w>.y •

see art. JlJ.

r- J

'X'

i;

(K.) And (^>oJI >»l TVie mistress of the house or
tent. (M.) And j4>>)J l5>-* *' ^ Ae »*tf«r o/
Me place of alighting, or o/ the abode, of the
man : (8 :) the host who entertains the man ; to
whom he betakes himself for lodging, and at
whose abode he stays : (Har p. 595 :) and the
guest whom the man entertains. (M, K-* [Sec

also t^y.]) An& i}**.^ ^y~» j»\ The mistress of
the place of alighting, or of the abode, of the
man : (§ :) the mistress of the man's place of

1. pU, aor. i-JL; : sec art ^.y*.

^j-J : sec what next follows.

fj^j The sheath of the penis of a camel (Lth,*
AZ, T, S, M, K) &c. ; (K ;) [i. e.,] of a he-goat
also, and of a bull: (M:) or the penis itself:
(Lth, T, M, K :) sometimes also used in relation
to a man : (M :) and *j~$ signifies the same ;
(K ;) mentioned by Ibn-'Abb&d; and IAtli adds
Jy. (TA.) Hence the prov., J*j y>o uLU.t
t )«^JI [More contrary to what is usual than the
sheath of the penis, or than the penis, of the
camel] : for the camel, like the lion, is a rctro-
mingent. (TA.)=sr? kind of plant; (S, £;)

as also t JQ : (K :) a certain plant having a

• • •
roof an<£ stem; when short, called ^t-J: and a

certain herb, or, as some say, a plant, that is
found on the banks, or sides, of rivers, in mea-
dows : and, some say, a species of the [plants, or
<ree«, called] i - . ' -*>., which grows in the territory
of [the tribe of] Temeem, and becomes large, so
that the sheep, or goats, lie in its shelter : (M :)
AHn says, (M,) in the "Book of Plants,"
(Mgh,) the J.J, (M,) or fj$, (Mgh,) [both

appellations now applied to triticum repe/is, or

# • #
dog's grass,] is the iip^ » ; ca//erf in Persian

di^DJiiW] > (Mgh ;) tV* /cow* are /«Ae t/io«e of

wheat, but shorter, and it spreads upon the face

of the ground, extending far, and becoming com-

Book I.]

plicated, or tangled, so as to be like felt (M,
Mgh) upon the ground ; (M ;) it has many
joints, or hnots, and sltort internodal portions;
and scarcely, or never, grows anywhere but over
water, or in a place beneath which is water; (M,
M<*h ;) and it is one of the plants that are re-
garded as indicative of the existence of water:

n.un. with »: (M :) Lth Bays that the J-J is a
certain plant that tangles upon the ground : Th,
on the authority of IAar, says that it is a hind of
plant said to be that called y^\ *e*J : and Sh
says that the iX£ is a green small tree [or plant]
resembling the first shoots that come forth from
grain. (T.)

807

j3 : see J-j, in two places.

J$ A camel large in the J-J ; (T, S, M, K ;)
wide therein : (M :) pi. JeJ. (K.)

A place in which is the hind of plant
called J*. (Mgh.)

END OF THE FIRST PART OF BOOK I.